Missionary Series.] re C ¥: 
 
 /SELF- SUPPORT ° | 
 
 ; } { 
 AND. i a5 
 
 “MISSION WORK 
 
 “Noni INDIA MISSION. | 
 
 BY 
 
 REV. E. W. PARKER. 
 
 A CORRECTION OF ERRORS IN DR. WILLIAM TAYLOR'S 
 BOOK ON “‘SELF-SUPPORTING MISSIONS.” ~ 
 ee 
 ROHILCUND DISTRICT REPORT FOR 1882. 
 
 ng Ege FL ee Eg a eT Oe Pee 
 , : x 
 
 i 
 
 : NEW YORK: 
 PRINTED FOR THE MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 
 805 BROADWAY. 
 1883. Nyaa 
 
( 
 SUMMARY OFv SELF-SUPPORT. 
 
 ( “A reference to the statistics of the North India Con- 
 
 ference in the ANNUAL Ruporr for 1882 will show that, 
 taking the five columns, which represent the different 
 forms of contribution ion the field, the aggregate of such 
 contribution, or general self-support, in the Mission is 
 $32,002 02, being more than half the appropriation from 
 the missionary treasury. {These contributions proceed 
 chiefly from.the Anglo-Indian population; but the Hin- 
 dus, nearly all -paor, are learning, as will be seen in the 
 following pages, to do their part. 
 
 a 
 
 GENERAL STATISTICS OF THE MISSION IN 1882. 
 
 Number of missionaries, 21; assistant missionaries, 15; 
 missionaries of the Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society, 
 12; European and Eurasian assistants of same society, 
 19; native workers of the same, 217; native preachers 
 and other helpers, 269; native teachers, 352; members 
 and probationers, 3,474; Sunday-schools, 339; Sunday- 
 scholars, 14,631; Theological schools,1; students, 26; 
 high schools, 6; pupils, 429; day-schools, 307; pupils, 
 9,734; orphans, 612; churches, 32; halls, and other 
 places of worship, 313 parsonages, 59; value of church 
 property, $198,297; value of schools, hospitals, etc., 
 $144,255; total contributions-on the field, $32,002 02. 
 
 The statistics reported at the North India Conference 
 of January, 1883, would show much advance on the above 
 figures in some points. Mr. Parker, it will be seen, uses 
 in his criticism of Dr. Taylor’s book the statistics of 1881. 
 
Missionary Series.] 
 
 DR. WILLIAM TAYLOR’S BOOK ON. SELF- 
 SUPPORTING MISSIONS. 
 
 BY REV. E. W. PARKER. 
 
 S I am a sincere believer in Brother Taylor’s 
 
 _work, I very much regret the necessity of calling 
 attention to the errors in this book, lest I may seem 
 to be writing against the great ¢ ood which he hag 
 accomplished. But the fraternal letter of mine, 
 _ written to the South India Conference, which he 
 publishes in his book, will be proof to ’all readers 
 that I have been and still am in hearty sympathy 
 - with the work of the South India Conference. Many 
 of the errors in the book, however, so injuriously 
 “misrepresent us and our work in the North India 
 Conference, that I feel sure it is the duty of some 
 one to correctthem. SoI write simply to endeavor 
 
 to correct the wrong impressions that the book 
 : No. 7. 
 
A A Correction of Errors in 
 
 must make, and not to say any thing against the 
 work in India. 
 
 THE TWO FIELDS. 
 
 1. In comparing the work of the North India and 
 the South India Conferences, the different circum- 
 stances and conditions under which they were estab- 
 lished and exist must be borne in mind all the way 
 through, or a false impression will be received. The 
 work in the South India Conference, with two or 
 three exceptions, was opened and is carried. on in 
 the central places of India where there are Europe- 
 ans and Hurasians residing, and where mission work 
 has been carried on from fifty to seventy-five years. 
 ‘So that all things were ready for.a harvest. These 
 Europeans and Eurasians were as a rule Protestants, 
 who were, however, neglected by the chaplains of 
 the Government, and were in need of salvation. 
 Brother Taylor’s work was commenced and is 
 mostly carried on among these Christian people, and 
 the support of the work comes from them. They — 
 support their pastors. The work of the North In- 
 dia Conference was established among twenty mill- 
 ions of heathen who had never heard of the Gospel 
 message, and where in most of the stations there - 
 were very few Europeans or Eurasians. Ours was 
 a work for the heathen, who regarded us as enemies, 
 where no missions had ever been established ; theirs 
 was in the old fields and among nominal Christians — 
 _ who, in their neglected condition, gladly received 
 
 ministers who would work for them. 
 No. 7. rs 
 
Dr. Taylor's “ Self-Supporting Missions.” 5 
 
 SELF-SUPPORT IN EACH FIELD. 
 
 2. Where we have work among Europeans and 
 Eurasians our Churches are also self-supporting, ex- 
 actly as in South India. In Lucknow, Cawnpore, 
 and Nynee Tal we have the same kind of work that 
 characterizes the South India Conference, and it is 
 supported in the same way. On the other hand, 
 in the South India Conference, where they have men 
 devoted to native work, they are no more self- 
 ~ supporting than our men are who are working ainong 
 the heathen. They are not supported by the hea- 
 then among whom they labor. The native Churches 
 also in South India are no more self-supporting 
 than ours are. Our native Christians contribute to 
 the support of their pastors, and in nearly all of our 
 older stations at least one native man is fully sup- 
 ported by each native Church. Brother Ward is re- 
 ferred to by Brother Taylor as working among the 
 heathen, and he “supports himself.” How? He 
 has a very regular Income from friends, not heathen, 
 who gladly give their charity money to him. — Be- 
 sides this he sends out annually all over India and to 
 friends in America a most touching report, giving 
 full particulars of all his work. In these ways he 
 secures the means for carrying on his mission. It is 
 misleading to call this self-support, or to say “he 
 supports: himself.” He is supported, and so is his 
 work, by Christian friends of missions in India and 
 America. The point is this: In our work and in 
 
 the South India work the laborers among the heathen 
 
 are supported by the Church, or by friends of the | 
 | No. 7, 
 
6 A Correction of Errors in 
 
 missions; we by an organized plan, they by an un- 
 organized one. The laborers among Europeans in 
 both Conferences are supported by these Europeans, 
 andthe native laborers, where there are native Chris- 
 tians, are supported partially or wholly by those 
 Christians according to the number and circum- 
 stances of the people. The difference is simply in 
 the manner of securing the money. 
 
 CONVERTS NOT SUPPORTED BY THE MISSION. 
 
 3. Brother Taylor says, page 244, “Of the 3,228 
 members of the North India Conference 661 of them, 
 including the 68 local preachers named, are employed 
 as teachers and helpers in various departments of 
 missionary work, and are paid by the Missionary 
 Society. The most of these being men, they and 
 their families constitute the Jarger proportion of 
 this 3,228 members, and drawing their supplies from 
 New York.” Again, on page 246, he says, ‘“‘ When I 
 labored with them, twelve years ago, they bad a 
 - membership of about 800, and nearly all directly or 
 indirectly depending on the missionary appropria- 
 tions from New York for their subsistence.” <A. 
 reference to facts will show the errors in these 
 statements. A list of all our Christian workers is 
 found at the beginning of the Missionary Report. 
 The number of men in 1881 was 154 all told, but 
 these are by no means all supported by the Mission- 
 ary Society. Some are supported by the Churches, 
 some are supporting themselves, many are school- 
 yacber supported by the school fund, a large portion 
 
 No. 7. 
 
Dr. Taylor's “ Self-Supporting Missions.”  % 
 
 of which is raised in India, For example, here in 
 Moradabad, where the boys’ schools are under my 
 charge, we receive 380 rupees per quarter from the 
 Missionary Society for schools, and our expenses are 
 over 1,050 rupees per quarter, 670 rupees being raised. 
 locally. We have in this city two men devoted to 
 preaching ; one, in charge of all the work, is paid by 
 the mission, and the other, the pastor, is altogether 
 supported by the native Church. There is also one 
 local preacher, who supports himself. 
 
 These facts show that neither this work nor these 
 men are supported wholly by the Missionary Soci- 
 ety. We have many calls for schools, and the 
 Society aids us some, and we secure much aid locally. 
 Good Christian teachers are, therefore, in great de- 
 mand, and if a Christian man gives himself to 
 teaching as a business, it is misleading to say that 
 he is dependent on the mission for subsistence. We 
 never think of our teachers in America as being 
 subjects of charity supported by the State. But 
 even regarding our workers in this light, still it is a 
 great mistake to say that ‘nearly all of our Chris- 
 tians are directly or indirectly depending on the 
 missionary appropriations for their subsistence.” 
 The mass of the native Christians are villagers, and 
 have neyer received one cent of mission money: 
 we have nothing to do with their means of sub- 
 sistence.., The proportion of the men working for 
 the mission as teachers and preachers and paid, as 
 mentioned above, is about one to forty of the Chris- 
 tian community. Brother Zahur-ul-Huqq's district 
 contains about twelve hundred Christians, age 
 
 No. 7, 
 
 S 
 
8 A Correction of Errors in 
 
 tives, and five hundred thousand heathen. Here 
 eighteen men are paid from mission funds, and nine 
 more from school funds. This is a fair proportion — 
 of workers employed in our village work. 
 
 In another part of the book the ‘‘ Compound 
 System ” is referred to, with the intimation that the 
 regular missionaries take their people into their 
 compounds and care for and support them. We 
 have never had this system, and nearly all missions 
 in India outgrew this custom years ago. A mission 
 that would support inquirers in these days could 
 baptize ten thousand converts a year. There is 
 some wisdom among the hundreds of missionaries 
 in India, and the lessons of independence and self- 
 reliance which Brother Taylor says he gave his 
 converts are exactly the same as had been taught 
 by missionaries years before he came to India. 
 The cases of persons being received and protected 
 by missionaries are only special cases, not repre- 
 senting more than one in a thousand of people con- 
 verted. Hence to represent this as the plan of work 
 is misleading. 
 
 SCHOOL STATISTICS. 
 
 4. I wish to call attention to the statistics of 
 schools as given in this book. There are reported 
 364 pupils in the schools of the North India Confer- 
 ence, and 681 in the South India Conference, though 
 in another place there is reference made to “ other 
 primary schools in North India.” The following 
 
 statistics are from our report for 1881: f 
 No, 7, 
 
Dr. Taylors “ Self-Supporting Missions.” 9 
 
 PUPILS. 
 
 1. English self-supporting schools ..... 164 
 2. Anglo-vernacular boys’ high and mid- 
 
 PCNOISTAGS ae fuewe wees Ls eatoos 1,718 
 
 8. Girls’ Boarding-schools............ 316 
 
 4. Primary Schools for Boys.......... 4,298 
 
 5. Primary Schools for Girls ...... phan yd Ce 
 
 6. Shahjehanpore Orphanage—Boys.... 260 
 
 %. Bareilly Orphanage—Girls.......... 250 
 
 Totals. S9: yo o.e bone 9,379 
 
 Of the 681 pupils given as belonging to the 
 South India Conference 270 belong to Union schools, 
 which were not started by our Church, nor are they 
 controlled by that Conference. Of the 420 orphans 
 given, 350 belong to the Colar Orphanage, which is 
 in no way the result of Brother Taylor’s work, nor 
 does the South India Conference have any control 
 over it whatever. They hoped to secure pastoral 
 charge, but have not. succeeded. Hence, to compare 
 results, we have in the North India Conference 9,379 
 pupils in our own schools of all grades, and in the 
 South India Conference 481 in their own schools, 
 
 CHURCH STATISTICS. ~ 
 
 5. In this connection, Brother Taylor gives for the 
 
 - North India Conference 30 regular ministers. Our 
 
 Minutes show for the year referred to as follows: 
 
 Missionaries, 27; native ministers, 20; making a 
 
 _ total of 47 in Conference. Of these missionaries 
 
 - five were in self-supporting work, or, in ee 
 FF a3 O, 6. 
 
10 A Correction of Errors in 
 
 Taylor’s phraseology, ‘‘supporting themselves ;” and 
 two others only received a part of their salary 
 from the Society. Three of these have since taken 
 work at home. The number of our local preachers is 
 given correctly as 68. All of these, however, are not 
 regular supplies, and hence not paid by the Svciety, 
 nor do these show the full number of our supplies. 
 Our new work among heathen leads us to elevate 
 men slowly, hence we first give workers an exhorter’s 
 license, and give them a four-years’ course of study 
 to pass; then, if found efficient, we give them a local 
 preacher’s license, and another four-years’ course of 
 study, and until thisis passed they are not received 
 into Conference. The wisdom of this plan will he 
 seen at once when it is remembered that we gather 
 all from the heathen. Hence we have both exhort- 
 ers and local preachers as regular supplies, and the 
 entire number of these, in 1881, was 102 instead of 60, . 
 All these and the 20 natives in Conference, except 
 five, were raised up by ourselves from the heathen. 
 There is a vast difference between getting an intelli- 
 gent European nominal Christian converted, and 
 giving him a preacher’s license at once, and raising 
 up men from the heathen. 
 
 The membership of our Churches in the North 
 India Conference is also given correctly ; still a few 
 
 words will make matters more clear. Brother Taylor _ 
 
 compares their growth with ours. Note one fact. 
 
 At their first Conference they reported 1,596 mem- 
 
 bers, and six years afterward 2,040, an increase in 
 
 six years of 444. Meantime they had taken up new 
 
 aes and entered new fields, which had given 
 0. £ 
 
f 
 
 Dr, Taylor's “ Self-Supporting Missions.” 11 
 
 them about 350 members, so that their increase in 
 tiiose stations which were reported at the first Con- 
 ference, taken as a whole, has not been large in six 
 
 -years—not over 100. This shows that there was a 
 
 class of Clristians ready for Brother Taylor’s revival 
 work, and he did a grand work in gathering them 
 in, almost at a stroke; but after the first stroke the 
 growth is very slow. In the six years referrcd to 
 above the increase of membership in our field was 
 1,188, all in our old field. We commenced among 
 enemies, and the first year had no members, the 
 second year three, and we have grown up to 3,228. 
 
 They commenced among Christians, and their 
 first work in each place gave them the larger part 
 of their success. 
 
 I am sorry that Brother Taylor did not add to his 
 table of comparative statistics our 13,000 Sunday- 
 school children, and when he remarked that our 
 work was among the lower and poorer classes, had 
 
 che also remarked that a large proportion of these 
 
 13,000 Sunday-school children were from the higher 
 classes, he would have made another good point, in 
 showing the mortgage we have on the future men 
 and women of the higher classes. It is true, that the 
 most of our Christians are from among the poor and 
 uneducated; but God has also given us, among our 
 workers, our Pauls from the educated classes, so 
 that in our working force we are strong—equal to 
 any emergency. 
 
 Brother Taylor lays great stress upon their con- 
 verts from the “raw heathen, ” giving the number 
 as 450. A presiding elder of that Conference was 
 
 No, 7. 
 
12 A Correction of Errors in 
 
 asked how many of these were brought out and bap- 
 tized by the Methodists. His reply was: “A very 
 
 small proportion.” A quotation from a presiding | - 
 
 elder’s report will explain this: “In the district | 
 south of Calcutta, many thousands of Bengali Chris- 
 tians are found belonging to the Baptist, Anglican, 
 and Roman Catholic Churches. There have from — 
 time to time been many dissensions among these peo- 
 ple, and changes of Church relationship, and in the 
 course of years not a few of the people have drifted 
 away from all Church membership. Some years ago 
 some of these villagers, having come to Calcutta for 
 employment, were led to our meetings, and having 
 been blessed in doing so, carried back a good report 
 of us to their friends in the country. The result 
 was that we received many invitations to send 
 preachers to various points. Slowly we have or- 
 ganized societies in a number of villages, until we 
 now have a hundred or more enrolled.” This shows 
 that a large proportion of the native members also 
 _ are gathered in from among stray nominal’ Chris- 
 tians, who had been first taught and baptized by 
 others, and who ask to be taken over. It is a good 
 work to gather them in, but it is very different trom 
 gathering in from the “raw heathen,” who do not. 
 ask to be taught, and at first always resist. Con- 
 cerning the preaching of Brother Taylor’s mission- 
 aries to the lieathen, one of their older men lately 
 published in the Bombay “ Guardian ” the follow- 
 ing: ‘During the period of ten years, only two of 
 all the men sent out to our work by Rev. Wm. Tay- 
 lor have succeeded in gaining a knowledge of the 
 No, 
 
Dr, Taylor's “ Self-Supporting Missions.” 138 
 native language.” A few men; however, who have 
 _ joined in India, do know the vernacular. 
 
 There is, however, no wisdom in comparing 
 statistics in two such fields and between two such 
 works: one spread out all over India in the great 
 centers, gaining converts, European and native, from 
 nominal Christians; and the other occupying a little 
 corner, with 20,000,000 of heathen, for the purpose 
 of raising up a living Church and ministry trom 
 among them. It is difficult to understand the 
 motive that led to such a comparison. We make it 
 only in self-defense and to secure a fair presentation 
 of figures. 
 
 CHURCH PROPERTY. 
 
 6. The reference to Church property also requires 
 a word of explanation. Our entire mission prop- 
 erty in North India amounts to $283,002, and at least 
 one half of this sum was raised in India. When Dr. 
 Butler urged the occupying a large field at once, he 
 pledged himself to raise one half of all the cost of 
 providing mission residences; and his report shows 
 that he more than met his pledge. When school 
 buildings and churches have been erected, effort has 
 first been made to secure all we could in India, then 
 asking aid from the Board at home. The money 
 for the central buildings at Moradabad, Bijnour, 
 Bareilly, Shahjehanpore, Budaon, etc., was at least 
 one half raised in India. The large church in Luck- 
 now only received a trifle from home. Cawnpore 
 received nothing. The large building, about to be 
 erected in Lucknow, has 10,000 rupees ed eens 
 0. T. 
 
14 _ A Correction of Errors in 
 
 to commence with. But Brother Taylor says our 
 native members did not pay for this property. I 
 venture to state that for buildings erected where 
 there are native Christians to aid, they have paid 
 as liberally, in comparison with their incomes, as 
 have the members of the South India Conference. - 
 The little chapels, in the villages, among the Chris- 
 tians are nearly all erected by subscriptions from 
 the native Churches. In all this comparison it 
 should be remembered that there is a vast difference 
 between the average income of a native of India and 
 that of a European. The average income of 'a na- 
 tive in North India ranges from 4 rupees to 30 
 rupees permonth. The average income of a Eurasian 
 or European of the class reached by Brother Taylor 
 ranges from 30 rupees to 800 rupees per month. 
 Hence, natives, at their rate of living, cannot support 
 European pastors, nor erect houses for them. They 
 can, and do, support pastors like themselves; and 
 can, and do, erect chapels on the scale of their own 
 houses. We received much aid from European 
 friends of missions, and the South India Conference 
 does the same. Their members did not pay for all 
 their Church property. 
 
 APPROPRIATIONS. 
 
 7. One word about appropriations. The remarks 
 ‘of Brother Taylor make it appear as though our 
 appropriations were mostly devoted to the support 
 of natives. Our appropriations for 1881 were as fol- 
 ake : To aid in the support of 122 native preachers, 
 
 0. 4. 
 
Dr. Taylor's “ Self-Supporting Missions.” . 15 
 
 $8,800; to aid in 145 boys’ schools with 6,104 pupils, 
 $8,000; boys’ orphanages, $4,900; publishing inter- 
 ests, $600; medical work, $650. These are the cur- 
 rent amounts that goin any way to natives for work 
 or support. Our 122 native ministers receive from 
 America no more than would support four pastors 
 in the home churches; and our entire allowance for 
 schools with 6,000 pupils i is not enough to pay four 
 professors in good institutionsin America. The rest 
 of our appropriations for that year were for mission- 
 aries, new buildings, etc. The large expense of 
 missions is for missionaries sent out from America, 
 and so long as they work for the heathen they must 
 be supported, either by independent missions, like 
 Brother Ward’s, or by a regular organization. There 
 may be room-for a few such independent missions 
 in the Church; but many such, with their reports 
 and appeals, would not conduce to harmony and 
 order, either in the Church or the mission field. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 The points I have tried to make clear, are— 
 1. That Brother Taylor’s laborers have drawn their 
 members, European and natives, mostly from nominal 
 Christians ready to receive them, and that their first 
 success was their great success; their growth in the 
 old fields has been very little. That the mission- 
 aries sent out by Brother Taylor have not, with two 
 exceptions, as per published testimony of one of the 
 older men, acquired the native languages; while we 
 founded a mission for the heathen in a new field of 
 20, 000,000 of people, learned their language, gathered 
 
 = No. 7 
 
16 A Correction of Errors. 
 
 schools, Sunday-schools, members and preachers from 
 the heathen who had never heard of Jesus until we 
 told them. Our first strokes seemed to gain us 
 nothing, but our growth during the past six years has 
 been encouraging; and now, with our 122 native 
 preachers, 3,228 members, 9,379 pupils in schools, 
 and 13,000 in Sunday- schools, we are ready for work ; 
 and success. 2. That our work is by no means alto- — 
 gether supported by the Missionary Society. The 
 Society supports the missionaries who work among 
 the heathen, and aids only in the other work. We 
 draw on the resources of the country in every pos- 
 sible way, and that for work among the heathen. 
 3. The appropriations given to India are always in 
 
 aid of what is received here, and for the amount of — . 
 
 work done they are very small ; and I wish to add 
 further, that if the North India Conference is sus- 
 tained, it will show large growths within a very 
 few years, and if Brother Taylor’s missionaries learn 
 the language of the people, or work through the En- 
 glish language for non-Christians, they will also see 
 much more growth during the next six years; butif 
 they do not, they must remain about as they are, for 
 the Christian English-speaking community is very 
 limited in India. 
 
 In closing I restate what I said in the beginning, 
 that I heartily believe in the work of the South 
 India Conference; what I deprecate is the wrong 
 impression and errors that have grown out of an ef- 
 fort to compare two works that have no_ points 
 whatever in common, and it is to correct these 
 aoe Spe I have written. 
 
 O. be 
 
-ROHILCUND DISTRICT REPORT 
 HOR: LSSs2. 
 Rev. E. Ww. PaRKER, Presiding Elder. 
 
 Sites eae A es 
 SKETCH OF CIRCUITS. 
 
 Bareilly. This is a large city of 100,000 people, 
 the center of a large zila (county) of the same 
 name, containing a population of 1,030,936. 
 The circuit, according to our division, contains a 
 part of the Bareilly Zila, and the whole of Pili- 
 bhit, making a population for the circuit of about 
 1,000,000 souls. The Theological Seminary and 
 Christian High School, Girls’ Orphanage, Female 
 Hospital, City Anglo- vernacular middle school, 
 with thirty small schools for boys and girls, thirty 
 Sunday-schools, a large zenana, and the usual 
 evangelistic work, constitute the special work of 
 the station. The village work is carried on from 
 five centers under native preachers. 
 
 Futhagunge. This is a circuit of villages in the 
 Bareilly Zila, having about 840,000 people resid- 
 ing in about 600 villages. There are Christians in 
 only twenty-two of these yet, but the work is 
 rapidly spreading. Work is carried on from five 
 centers, and there are five primary schools in the 
 circuit. The minister in charge is a Hindustani 
 Jew of great energy, and his eonyctts represent all 
 classes. — 
 
 2 
 
 No. 7, 
 
18 Rohileund District Report. 
 
 Khera Bajhera was established by a gift from 
 General Gowan, and his endowment supports most 
 of the work here. There are two schools for boys 
 and two for girls, and there are a few Christians - 
 living near the pastor, who is an ordained local 
 preacher. There are hundreds of villages accessible 
 and thousands of people, but the work has not 
 spread among them much, though all are friendly. 
 
 Shahjahanpore. This includes the city of Shah- 
 jahanpore, containing 77,000 people, and the zila 
 of the same name, containing 850,000. The Boys’ 
 Orphanage, one Anglo-vernacular middle school, 
 twenty-seven primary schools, and thirty-one Sun- 
 day-schools, with the usual evangelistic operations, 
 constitute the work in the station. There are four _ 
 sub-circuits for village work. 
 
 Panahpore is a Christian village. The people are 
 farmers, and are all Christians. There are two 
 schools here for their children. 
 
 Budaon. This is also the center of a large zila, 
 containing 900,000 souls. The old circuit has 
 been divided, so that the present circuit contains 
 about 400,000. There is a good girls’ boarding 
 school here, and the usual middle school for boys, 
 and a primary for boysand girls—twenty-six in 
 all. The Sunday-schools contain quite 2,000 pu- 
 pils, this being the banner circuit of the district. 
 An excellent building for our work has just been 
 completed in the city. 
 
 Silsi is a village circuit under a native minister, 
 who is pushing forward his work very successfully 
 
 in the villages. Work is carried on from five 
 Mo. %. 
 
Rohileund District Report. 19 
 
 centers about ten miles apart. Population of the 
 circuit about 250,000. 
 
 - Bisauli is also under a native minister, and the 
 work is similar to that of Bilsi, with hundreds of 
 ‘villages, scores of openings, and fair success. 
 Twenty-eight adults have been baptized this 
 year. 
 
 Chandausi. This is a large business town of 
 27,000 people. Mr. Bailey, a Eurasian local preach- 
 er, has charge, and has one Anglo-vernacular school 
 and several small schools, His Sunday-school 
 work is encouraging, and his Sunday services are 
 well attended. 
 
 Moradabad city contains about 67,000 people. 
 The circuit contains about 500,000. The girls’ 
 boarding schools, with 116 girls, and a large - 
 Anglo-vernacular middle school, with twenty-four 
 primary schools, form the special work of the sta- 
 tion. The evangelistic work and the zenana work 
 among the poor people of the city are especially 
 promising. The Central Sunday-school, for both 
 boys and girls, is very interesting, and numbers 
 300. The Sabbath city service has been well at- 
 tended allthe year. The pastoral and evangelistic 
 work is under the charge of a native minister of 
 efficiency. 
 
 Bynour. This is a large circuit, including all the 
 -Bijnour Zila of 721,000 people. This work is 
 also under the charge of a native minister. There 
 is here a good boarding school for girls and two 
 good Anglo-vernacular schools for boys, with the 
 usual other schools and zenana work. vilipes 
 
 oO. 
 
20 Rohileund District Report. 
 
 work is carried on from seven centers, from ten to 
 twenty miles apart. 
 
 Of the above work the Theological Seminary, the 
 Boys’ Orphanage, and three of our circuits are 
 under the charge of missionaries, and eleven of-the 
 circuits and all of the sub-circuits are under the 
 
 charge of native ministers, or supplied by native. 
 
 local preachers, 
 
 OUR NATIVE PREACHERS. 
 
 Two excellent men have been transferred during 
 this year to the great conference of Methodist 
 preachers who have passed on before, Benjamin 
 Luke and Prem Das. _ 
 
 Prem Das was a leader in our Chamar work, 
 having formerly been a priest in that caste, and 
 he was one of the most devoted, loving, and true 
 workers we had. At present we have nine native 
 members of Conference in charge of important 
 
 work, and thirty-six local preachers and exhorters 
 acting as regular supplies. These are working in 
 forty-two centers in different parts of the district, 
 each center representing a large circuit of villages. 
 Those acting as supplies meet annually in a Dis- 
 trict Conference, where they are examined in a 
 prescribed course of study, and where their work 
 and their spirit are carefully tested. We do not 
 ‘receive men into the Annual Conference until they 
 have passed their four-years’ course as local preach- 
 ers and had four years of training in the regular 
 
 work. We thus secure tried and trained men for 
 
 No. 7. 
 
Rohileund District Report. 21 
 
 an Annual Conference. In a new work in a non- 
 Christian country this is of great importance, 
 There is no stronger proof of the supernatural 
 work of Jesus in the reformation of men than is 
 found in these preachers whom God has raised up . 
 here in our midst. They are saved men, and are 
 as a rule baptized for this work. 
 
 STATE OF THE CHURCH AT LARGE. 
 
 The communicants have increased from 3,069 to 
 3,474 during the past year. Particular attention is 
 paid to all the means of grace of our Church in all 
 the churches and classes, and growth is every- 
 where manifest. Our churches in the central 
 places will compare well with churches anywhere 
 in faithful attention to religious duties, and in 
 aiding and supporting the work of the Church 
 ‘both by their means and by their personal efforts. 
 The village churches, where the people are unedu- 
 cated, have many weaknesses peculiarly their own 
 which come with them from their old religions. 
 It is difficult for them to drop at once their old re- 
 ligious customs and to conform in all things to the 
 new. They would prefer still to marry their chil- 
 dren while they are yet wholly under their control, 
 and some of them would prefer to keep the Sab- 
 bath in their old way of keeping a holiday, rather 
 than in going each Sunday regularly to a service. 
 Earnest effort and the Spirit of God will correct 
 all this, 
 
 The assertion made that our native Church is 
 No. 7. 
 
~ 22 Rohileund District Report. 
 
 supported by missionary money is a mistake. In 
 the native district of Amroha, where no European 
 or American resides, there are eighteen men paid 
 from mission funds. One is paid entirely by the 
 people, and nine more are partially paid by the 
 mission. These are the preachers and teachers of 
 the district. Be it remembered, we support no 
 man as a matter of support, but we employ men as 
 preachers and teachers, and are anxious for more 
 of the right sort for this work, and these are paid 
 partly by mission funds and partly by funds raised 
 in India. (See School Report.) Each year our 
 people gain in pastoral support. In nearly every 
 eircuit in this district at least one man is sup- 
 ported by the native Church. The mission money 
 is for evangelistic work outside of the Church. 
 Let every reader remember that each of our cir- 
 cuits represents from 500,000 to 1,000,000 of 
 people, and hence where one little church of 100 
 members is established in a circuit, we have yet 
 499,900 outside of the Church to evangelize. 
 
 EVANGELISTIC WORK. 
 
 Our work is nearly all evangelistic. Whether 
 in schools or Sunday-schools, in preaching or 
 Bible-reading, or teaching from house to house, 
 or in training up a working Church, the object of 
 all is the same, the saving of this land. Preach- 
 ing in the bazaars i is a very general mode of reach- 
 ing the people, and this is carried on every-where, 
 
 Preaching at religious melas or fairs is another 
 No. ¢. 
 
Rohileund District Report. - a 
 
 means of reaching the masses that is constantly 
 used by the Christian teachers. Our most effective 
 means, however, of reaching the people is by vis- 
 iting them in their villages, or in their houses in 
 the city, and holding little meetings with them. 
 This can be done very effectively where the people 
 are friendly. Our work often spreads rapidly in 
 class lines. A few of a caste are converted, and 
 through these a few others are reached and the 
 work spreads. A few illustrations are given. 
 One missionary writes: ‘During this camping 
 season we have held service daily, and people in 
 twenty villages are ready to acknowledge Christ. 
 Among this one class of people all obstacles seem 
 to have been swept away, and our want is not for 
 more converts, but for more men qualified to in- 
 struct the inquirers. We find very few men among 
 these people who have any education at all, and 
 we have to begin at the rudiments in training our 
 men.” Of another class the same missionary writes: 
 ‘We have been working definitely among the 
 Chamars. Five years ago we determined to leave 
 no stone unturned to make an opening in this class. 
 We began with one small school taught by a Cha- 
 mar boy. Now we have ten of these schools, and 
 we make them an effective means of imparting 
 Christian truth.” These schools are a powerful — 
 means of, evangelistic work, and we need hundreds 
 
 ‘of them. The cost is but a trifle. A missionary 
 
 says of another, a higher caste: ‘* During the past 
 three weeks on my tour I have met in various 
 
 places a score of Thakurs (land-holders) who are 
 No. 7, 
 
2 Sa Rohileund District Report. 
 
 convinced of the truth of Christianity, and freely 
 and publicly acknowledge Jesus as their only hope. 
 They are not yet ready for baptism and social 
 ostracism, but their intellects are convinced and 
 their testimony is favorable to the promotion of a 
 general acceptance of Christ.” Concerning a spe- 
 cial form of evangelistic work this missionary 
 writes: ‘‘On diligent inquiry I have learned that 
 our colporteurs are actually selling more Christian 
 books that all the Hindu and Mohammedan book- 
 sellers combined: We now distribute in this cir- 
 cuit by sale and gift about ten thousand separate 
 books and tracts per annum.’ 
 
 A native brother writes: ‘‘Many poor people 
 here are inquiring the way, and we have baptized 
 some. We could baptize one hundred more who 
 would sincerely receive Christ to the extent of 
 their knowledge, but we prefer to teach them 
 more. Many of another class are anxious to be- 
 come Christians, but they want a promise of a little 
 worldly support against the fear of loss when their 
 old friends forsake them. One educated respect- 
 able Mohamimedan has been converted here this 
 year. He seems a Sincere man, and Be left all for 
 Christ.” 
 
 Another native preacher mentions a ‘ mela,” 
 
 camp-meeting, held in a vicinity where there were 
 many inquirers, which resulted in much interest, 
 and several baptisms-of influential men and their 
 families. He also mentions some interesting in- 
 quirers near his home among some high caste 
 
 Hindu friends. From these quotations all interested 
 No. 7. 
 
 * 
 
Rohileund District Report. 25 
 
 may note something of our ways of working and 
 - our success in evangelizing the heathen around. 
 No means are left untried. Bazaar and mela 
 preaching, visiting from house to house by men 
 and women, day-schools, night-schools, and Sun- 
 day-schools, magic-lanterns, out-of-door services, 
 singing and testimony by all the people and among 
 all the people accessible, are used, and all with 
 success, 
 
 SCHOOLS, 
 
 The schools of the district are of various grades 
 and for different objects so as to adapt them to the 
 wants of the people and of our work. 
 
 1. The Theological Seminary and Christian High 
 School, This is situated at Bareilly, and is under 
 the charge of Dr. T. J. Scott. It was established 
 and endowed, and the buildings were erected 
 through the aid and energy of Rev. D. W. Thomas. 
 The design is to train men for our work either as 
 preachers or teachers, and in the High School to 
 give to Christian boys, who may desire it, a higher 
 -education that will fit them for any position in 
 life. The number of students is at present as fol- 
 lows: Theological Seminary, 24; Normal Train- 
 ing School, 40; High School, 11. Six students 
 will graduate from the Theological Department in 
 December, and about the same number will go out 
 from the normal. ~ Fifty-seven men in all have 
 graduated from-the Theological Seminary, and 
 nearly all are doing well. The Board of Trustees 
 of this institution has. lately been regiscred, 
 
 2 0. 7. 
 
26 Rohileund District. Report. 
 
 according to an act of Government, and is thus 
 constituted a legal body. The endowment in 
 India is mostly invested in dwelling-houses for 
 Europeans, and these ‘have been leased for five 
 years to one person on annual rental of 5,000 ru- 
 pees, thus giving us a regular income, and saving 
 us from a ‘‘world of care.”? We need $20,000 
 more endowment very much for teacherships. This 
 institution has been a most important auxiliary in 
 the efficiency of our work, 
 
 2. Two Orphanages. One of these, for boys, is 
 at Shahjahanpore, and the one for girls is at Bareilly. 
 The average number of pupils in each is about 
 250. We receivemuch aid in the support of these 
 from Government, which gives two rupees per 
 month for each orphan sent in by a magistrate 
 during years of famine. Government also gives a 
 liberal grant for the education of the children. 
 During the present year nearly one hundred boys 
 have been removed to Cawnpore, and placed in a 
 cotton mill and in a shoe shop there, where they 
 will be soon able ‘to earn their own living. They 
 are still kept under the care of a missionary, and 
 are faithfully taught. The*boys who remain in 
 the Orphanage are all learning trades in connection 
 with their studies. These two schools have sent 
 out many consistent, intelligent Christian nen and 
 women, and many faithful workers in God’s vine- 
 yard. 
 
 3. Central Anglo-vernacular or Middle Schools. 
 There is one of these central schools for boys at 
 the center of each Zillah, or Court district. They 
 
 No. 7. fore 
 
Rohileund District Report. 27 
 
 provide an education, fitting pupils for practical 
 work of any kind. They teach up to the first 
 Government Examination, which includes tle same 
 vernacular course as is required for entrance to the 
 university, with the ‘* History of India,” ‘*‘ Geogra- 
 ‘phy of the World,” all of arithmetic, algebra, 
 through simple equations, three books of Euclid, 
 and a good practical business knowledge of the 
 English language. These schools are attended 
 ‘mostly by Hindu and Mohammedan boys of the 
 better classes of people, and it is through these 
 that we secure much influence in the community. 
 There are at present six of these schools in Rohil- 
 cund, with about 650 boys in attendance. The 
 Bible is a daily class-book, and each school is 
 opened by reading a portion of Scripture and 
 prayer. As the demand for a higher education in- 
 creases, the grade of these schools will be raised to 
 meet the demand. All of these schools, except 
 one, have good buildings well adapted to the 
 work, erected largely by funds raised in India. 
 These schools all receive much aid in India, and 
 the boys pay monthly fees. 
 
 4. Boarding Schools, The need which is sup- 
 plied by the above schools for boys is supplied by 
 the boarding schools for girls. There are four of 
 these in the district, with about 250 girlsin attend- 
 ance, Thé demand for good education for girls is 
 only felt by Christians, hence up to the present 
 _ time only Christians attend these schools. They 
 
 give a thorough education in vernacular, with a 
 little English when demanded, and teach the girls 
 No. 7. 
 
28 Rohileund District Report. 
 
 to do all kinds of work that will fit them for future 
 usefulness. These schools are of great practical 
 benefit to our work. The girls generally come 
 from village life, where there are no schools, and 
 where no woman reads, and are trained thoroughly 
 in all practical knowledge, are taught faithfully in 
 the Scriptures and in religious duties, and are sent 
 out well fitted for life as Christian women. In a 
 Jate quarterly review of Sunday-school Berean Les- 
 sons, forty-eight girls of one of these schools passed 
 the first examination for the quarter, giving the 
 subjects, the selected verses, the outlines, the 
 golden texts, etc., of the twelve lessons perfectly. 
 The class and prayer meetings in connection with 
 these schools are very interesting, as here the spir- 
 itual development and erowth is seen. These 
 boarding schools are supported by the Woman’s 
 Foreign Missionary Society, though much aid is 
 also secured in this country. 
 
 5. Primary Schools. There are 148 of these in the - 
 district, with 8,008 pupils in attendance. A few of 
 these teach primary English also, but most of them 
 teach vernacular only. The course of study in- 
 cludes reading, writing in Hindu or Urdu, with 
 geography of India, and arithmetic through simple 
 and compound rules. About half of these schools 
 are for girls, and are among respectable classes of 
 Hindus and Mohammedans. Many of those for 
 boys are among inquirers or native Christians 
 among the village people of the lower classes who 
 have never before heen educated at all. In most 
 
 of the circuits there is a desire to increase the 
 No. 7%. 
 
Rohileund District Report. 29 
 
 number of these schools very largely, and aid can 
 be secured in this country for them. In Budaon 
 city, where five years ago there was only one such 
 school, there are ten now, and Brother Hoskins 
 ‘desires to increase them to forty. This is a fair 
 specimen of the demand for such schools, and no 
 work can be done that will aid more in raising up 
 an intelligent native Church than will such school 
 work. ‘The parents are also instructed by the 
 Christian teachers, and will be baptized as fast as 
 we can teach them the way, and the children will 
 - grow up well instructed in the truth. Religious 
 instruction is an important part of the course of 
 study. We desire to arrange for promoting one or 
 two boys from each primary school annually to a 
 central school, for a more complete education, 
 that will fit them to secure good positions any- 
 where. 
 
 _ Thus, as will be seen, our school work is ex- 
 actly adapted to meet the demand of the people 
 and of our work. The entire number of pupils in 
 the district is 4,483, of whom 1,288 are Christians, 
 s and 8,200 non-Christians; 2,461 are boys, and 
 2,022 girls. 
 
 _ The Missionary Societies pay about one half of 
 the expense of these schools, and the balance is 
 raised in India. (See statistics in column for 
 ‘** Local Purposes.”’)* : 
 
 _ 5. Sunday-schools. These are growing and in- 
 creasing every-where throughout our work. A 
 
 * Table found in Annual Report. 
 j No. 7. 
 
30  Rohileund District Report. 
 
 few of these are for Christians only; others are 
 mixed, Christians and non-Christians meeting 
 together, while many are held among Hindu and 
 Mohammedan boys or girls. The model school of. 
 the district, perhaps, is at Moradabad. It usually 
 numbers about 300 in attendance, and all three 
 religions are always represented. The girls and 
 women occupy one side of the large hall, and the 
 bovs and men the other side. In the general ex- 
 ercise all take part, and usually in connection with | 
 these some boy or girl reads an essay, and another 
 has a recitation illustrating the lesson. All classes 
 take part in this also. At the quarterly examina- 
 tion, 54 pupils of this school passed the first. ex- 
 amination, giving the subjects, the selected verses, 
 the outlines, and the golden texts of all the lessons. 
 for the quarter perfectly. The secret of the suc- 
 cess of our Sunday-schools ‘is, that we try to inter- 
 est the children, and teach them as children, not 
 as Hindus or Mohammedans. What our brother 
 says in his report is true of all the districts: ‘Our 
 Sunday-school work has grown beyond our most 
 sanguine expectations. We can secure more chil- 
 dren than we can possibly instruct.” We teach 
 the Berean Lessons in connection with the his- 
 torical Catechism. 
 
 CONCLUSION, 
 
 Our purpose is to push forward the work of this 
 entire district among this 5,000,000 of people, 
 especially among the inquiring classes, increasing 
 
 No. 7. 
 
Rohileund District Report. 31 
 
 the schools and Sunday-schools as God may give. 
 us men and means, and leading the inquirers 
 forward to become true Christians. At the same 
 time we shall use every possible means to teach 
 and confirm our Christian people, and make our 
 Church self-supporting and independent. The 
 poverty of the people is a great hinderance, but 
 we shall succeed. Our higher-grade schools will 
 continue to increase in efficiency and in the num- 
 ber of the pupils, and will give us a hold on the 
 future generation of all castes. While not many 
 of the higher classes have been called, yet we 
 have, by the grace of God, received some men of 
 marked ability and true Pauline spirit from among 
 the educated, and feel already strong in our native 
 
 force for any work of the future. 
 No. 7. 
 
Crud 
 
 Bi