The Waterproofing Handbook Third Edition Describing primarily effective and economical methods for Water- proofing concrete and all forms of masonry both above and below grade; for preserving decorative effects, exterior and interior; for protecting finished surfaces, whether wood, plaster, concrete or metal, against water, wear and stains— with GF Waterproofing Products and Technical Paints YOUNGSTOWN. ORIO. Trade Mark Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. The General Fireproofing Co. YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO EXPORT DEPARTMENT - - - 395 Broadway, New York CHICAGO OFFICE - - - - 325 W. Madison Street PHILADELPHIA OFFICE - - - - 1119 Pennsylvania Bldg. ATLANTA OFFICE - - = - Third National Bank Bldg. DETROIT OFFICE - - - - Third Floor Penobscot Bldg. KANSAS CITY OFFICE - - 511 Finance Bldg. 1 Ye. AVERY LIBRAR sox utelh yvERsil? Copyrighted 1914, 1915, 1916 by The General Fireproofing Co., Youngstown, Ohio Waterproofing Methods and Materials HE satisfactory waterproofing of any job depends as much upon proper method of appli- cation as upon quality of materials. This Hand- book is offered, therefore, as a guide to the correct use of GF Waterproofing in addition to describing the complete line of materials. GF Waterproofing and Dampproofing Compounds, Conerete Hardeners and Technical Paints are of as- sured high quality. The purity of their elemental constit- uents, the correct proportion and method of compounding were proved correct by test and are being constantly veri- fied by wide use under many different circumstances. The methods of application recommended are successfully-used specifications covering almost every conceivable water- proofing problem. Particular attention is directed to the Specification Guide (pages 4 to 9 inclusive) which indexes the book for handy reference to the problems you will meet. Typical conditions are listed first, methods for correcting them second, materials third and finally a reference to the page giving complete specifications for the work. The GF Waterproofing Service Department has also a great amount of information collected from sources of recognized authority and from experience on numerous waterproofing jobs. This material is available for use in solving any waterproofing problems that may come up. Feel free to request help on specific questions at any time. THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING COMPANY YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO [THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | Specification Guide Substructural Waterproofing | Problem | METHODS Materials | Page | Seepage and | Protect all masonry coming in con- Natural Soil | tact with earth, with | Drainage, | (a) Bituminous Brush Coating. | GF No. 16 _ 50 (b) Bituminous Trowel Coating. | GF No. 15 | Dampproofing | (c) Mop Coating applied hot. | GF No. 17 36 (d) Waterproofed Cement]! GF No. 10 | 13 Plaster. (e) If mass concrete, incorpo- | GF No. 10 el rate Waterproofing throughout | mass. (f) If brick, stone or vitrified | GF No. 10 20 tile, incorporate Waterproofing in mortar for all joints. Heavy Pressure | 1. Waterproof by the integral in Conjunction method either as: with a Drainage (a) Waterproofed cement plas- | GF No. 10 15-16 System, | ter inside or outside and under walls and over or under floors. Waterproofing (b) Incorporate Waterproofing | GF No. 10 | 12 throughout mass of concrete. (c) Incorporate Waterproofing | GF No. 10 20 in mortar for all joints of brick, stone or vitrified tile. | 2. Envelop entire substructure | with a waterproof envelope. (a) Bituminous Trowel Coat- | GF No. 15 52 ing. (b) Reinforced Bituminous Mat | GF Nos. 17-18 | 32 (Bitumen and Wool Felt). (c) Reinforced Bituminous Mat | GF Nos. 17-21 | 42 (Bitumen and Saturated Fab- ric). Heavy Pressure | 1. Envelop entire substructure in Without Instal- | a heavy reinforced Bituminous Mat. ling Drainage (a) Bitumen and Wool Felt. GF Nos. 17-18 | 32 System, (b) Bitumen and Saturated | GF Nos. 17-21 42 Wat 6 Fabric. Pee ee 2. Waterproof by Integral method ase (a) Incorporate Waterproofing | GF No. 10 12 throughout entire mass of con- crete for walls and floor. (b) Waterproofed cement plas-| GF No. 10 15-16 ter applied outside and under walls or on the inside of walls, and under or as the top finish of floors. (c) Integral Waterproofing | GF No. 10 20 incorporated in mortar for all joints of brick, stone or vitrified tile. eS 4 | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS oes Specification Guide (Continued) Problem METHODS Materials Page Leaky Base- 1. Apply a Reinforced Bituminous ments, Pits, Mat to floors and side walls. Swimming Pools, (a) Bitumen and Wool Felt. GF Nos. 17-18 | 33 Etc., (b) Bitumen and Saturated GF Nos. 17-21 42 Repairing Fabric. 2. Install a waterproofed rein- GF No. 10 16 forced floor slab and plaster wall surface with waterproofed cement. mortar. Break in Sur- Fill with waterproofed mortar. GF No. 10 22-23 face Integrally Waterproofed, Repairing Swimming Pool | 1. Waterproofed plaster coat on, GF No. 10 13-15 Inside Pressure | the inside. Waterproofing 2. Waterproofng integrated | GF No. 10 23 throughout concrete. 3. Reinforced Bituminous Mat on GF Nos. 17-21 45 the inside. | 4. Coat with colorless Water- | GF No. 100 61 proofing on inside. 5. To obtain an even, pleasing color | GF No. 101 63 inside use 6. Coat with a bitumistic trowel- | GF No. 15 53 ing’ compound; cover with mortar coat, enamel tile or brick. 7. Coat with a bitumistic brush| GF No. 16 51 coating; cover with mortar coat, enamel tile or brick. Swimming Pool | 1. Waterproofed plaster coat on GF No. 10 15 Inside and Out- | the inside. side Pressure 2. Waterproofing integrated. GF No. 10 23 throughout concrete. Waterproofing 3. Reinforced Bituminous Mat ei center of wall and floor: Bitumen and Saturated! GF Nos. 17-21 46 Fabric. Dampproofing Above Grade Previen | METHODS Mereriaies pers Exterior Walls to| 1. Coat the interior face of ex- GF No. 200 57 be Dampproofed posed walls with a Dampproofing on Inside Coating. (1) Plaster 2. For sealing angle, between ceil- GF No. 15 57 Applied Direct) ing and side wall. to Wall 8. Scratch coat of mortar to have GF No. 10 18 | Integral | rated. Waterproofing incorpo- [THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING 1G CO., “YOUNGSTOWN, OHI OHIO O | Specification Guide (Continued) “Problem METHODS (2) In Con- | 1, Coat entire interior face of nection with | exterior walls. urring 2. Trowel a plastic coating over Stucco Applied over Trussit or Self-Sentering Concrete, masonry (1) Damp- proofed with- Affecting Color or Tex- out ture (2) Damp- proofed and Beautified Parapet Walls and Copings Dampproofed Leaky Brick, Stucco or Con- crete Walls, Repairing Brick, Stucco or other | entire interior face of exposed walls. | 38. Seal angle between ceiling and side walls. 4. Apply coat of Waterproofed | Portland Cement Mortar on inte- | rior face of exterior wall. 5. When Porous Corrugated Tile | construction is used, apply Damp- | proofing Coating before plastering. 1. Waterproofing incorporated in stucco coat. 2,.Colorless Waterproofing | Coating. 38. Coating to obtain a uniform, pleasing color. 1. Waterproofing incorporated throughout mass of concrete. 2. Waterproofing incorporated throughout stucco coat. 3. Waterproofing brick or stone. 4. Coating concrete, brick, texture is changed. 5. Coat with Acid and Waterproot | Coating. Coat exterior surface with 1. Plaster on inner side of parapet | wall below coping. (a) Bituminous Trowel Coat- ing. (b) Colored, flexible material. (c) Waterproofed Cement Mortar. 2. Coat inside and outside of para- pet with Colorless Waterproofing. 38. Coat walls to obtain a uniform color. 4. Imbed masonry and copings in waterproofed mortar. 1. Coat walls with Waterproofing. | 2. Coat walls with colored coating | to obtain desired color, Damp- proofing at the same operation. incorporated | ‘throughout mortar used for laying | stucco | or tile, so that neither color nor Colorless GF GF GF GF GF GF Q "T] No. No. No. No. Materials GF No. 200 15 15 10 200 - 10 - 100 - 101 | Page 60-61 ee ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 6 = E x ‘Ss a i) A e) ie) = Zz io) > 2 oa = > Ks i i) A e) © az Zz ) ?) O K¢ rs) oO S Z| o N Sc EE EERE = Tc) eee = Specification Guide (Continued) Problem METHODS Materials Page PT (SE AE ey ae 8. Where brick is soft and joints poor: | (a) Apply waterproofed plas- GF No. 10 {als were | (b) Apply a flexible colored GF No. 250 66 Salt Exuding | Trowel Coating. Wall, — | Coat with Colorless Waterproofing. GF No. 100 61 Remedying | Waterproofing Containers Problem METHODS Materials | Page ¢ 7 fe eo = : : d | ae ; ress Silos, Water 1. Apply waterproofed plaster| GF Nos. 10-11 | 18-19 Tanks, Troughs,| coat inside, or outside and inside. | Etc | 2. Coat interior surface with Color- GF No. 100 | 61 Waterproohnd less Waterproofing. 3. To make surface of tanks even GF No. 101 | 65 | and pleasing in color: : 1. Coat with GF No. 99 | 75 Protecting ; } f | Tanks against 2. Swab interior of tank with hot GF No. 17 36 Dilute Acids Bitumen. | ooo Stainproofing ne ee a a Problem METHODS Materials | Page | | Tile Covered Coat surface of porous tile with GF No. 200 | 57 with Patent Stainproof Coating before applying | Plaster | plaster. : 1. Coat back and side of stone GF No. 220 55 Limestone, _with Stainproof and Waterproof | Marble, Etc. Coating. 2. Protect face of stone with GF No. 145 69 Colorless Coating. | Concrete and Apply three coats of GF No. 99 75 Composition Floors | Floor Waterproofing cs | Mills, Garages, Stables, Etc. Problem | METHODS | Materials | Page | | 1. Wood floors of stables, mills, | etc., waterproof with: | | (a) Bituminous Trowel Coating. | GF No. 15 53 Specification Guide (Continued) Problem | wearing surface. | METHODS Materials Page | (b) Reinforced Bituminous Mat | GF Nos. 17-18 35 (Bitumen and Wool Felt). (c) Reinforced Bituminous] GF Nos. 17-21 44 Mat (Bitumen and Saturated Fabric). | 2. Concrete floors of garages, mills, bathrooms, etec., waterproof with: | (a) Reinforced Bituminous Mat | GF Nos. 17-18 35 (Bitumen and Wool Felt). (b) Reinforced Bituminous Mat} GF Nos. 17-21 44 (Bitumen and Saturated Fabric). (c) Incorporate Waterproofing | GF No. 10 12 throughout floor construction. (d) Incorporate Waterproofing | GF No. 10 13 throughout wearing surface. | 8.: Waterproof superficial wearing | surface: (a) With a colorless coating. GF No. 100 61 (b) With a coating that will | GF Nos.150-151| 76 give an even, pleasing color. 4, Water and acid-proof superficial | GF No. 99 75 Se Oe ret Sie Meee en) TINS Ea ere eae Ree Roof Waterproofing Problem METHODS Materials Page Flat Roof 1. (a) Built up roof over boards. | GF Nos. 17-18 34 (b) Built up roof over concrete.| GF Nos. 17-18 34 (c) Flexible Trowel Coating. GF No. 250 67 Flat Tile Roof 1. Waterproofing beneath tile. (a) Bituminous Trowel Coating.| GF No. 15 53 (b) Heavy Reinforced Bitumi- | GF Nos. 17-18 34 nous Mat (Bitumen and Wool Felt). (c) Heavy Reinforced Bitumi-| GF Nos. 17-21 44 nous Mat (Bitumen and Satu- ¥ rated Fabric). _ (d) Waterproofed mortar incor- | GF No. 10 20 Mh porated in joints of tile. Pitch Roof 1. Waterproof with Plastic Trowel | GF No. 250 67 Yi. Coating. 2. faye erprootng Tile: ig (a) Waterproofing incorporated | GF No. 10 20 aes throughout mortar joints. (b) Trowel Coating troweledin | GF No. 250 66 the joints. | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS UNDS | Specification Guide (Continued) Bridge Waterproofing Problem Railway Bridge (Steel Trough, Steel or Concrete! Deck) Road Bridge METHODS | Materials Page es. 8ees 7s 2 | | 1. Install heavy Reinforced Bitu- | minous Mat. (a) Bitumen and Wool Felt. GF Nos. 17-18 | 36 (bo) Bitumen and Saturated GF Nos. 17-21 | 46 Fabric. 1. Install heavy Reinforced Bitu- 'minous Mat: (a) Bitumen and Wool Felt. GF Nos. 17-18 36 tee Bitumen and Saturated GF Nos. 17-21 46 abric. : | | 3 | Cement Floors—Dustproofing, Hardening and Finishing . | Problem | | METHODS Materials Page New Floors 1. Dustproofed by applying drying | GF No. 140 71 coat of Hardener. | 2. Impregnating compound. GF No. 145 68 | 8. Colored flat or gloss finish. GF Nos. 150-151| 76 Old Floors ei: Impregnating compound to dust- | GF No. 145 68 proof and still retain original color _and texture. 2. Dustproofing by applying col- | GF Nos.150-151) 76 ored flat or gloss finisn coating. Decorating Interior Walls Problem METHODS Materials Page | Plastered Sur- | 1. Paint surfaces with water repel- GF Nos. 499-500 77 faces Decorated | ling and resisting coating. | and made 2. Paint concrete, brick, tile or GF No. 101 64 Sanitary plastered surface with Waterproof- | ing Coating. Plaster, Concrete 1. Paint surface with Acid-proof GF No. 99 75 and Brick Sur- Coating. face—Acid- 2. Paint surfaces already decorated GF No. 99 75 proofing with Acid-proof Coating. Protective Coatings for Steel, Galvanized Iron, etc. Problem METHODS Materials. _—'| Page Steel in Contact| Apply to surface of steel a Rust- | GF Nos. 300-325) 80-81 with Masonry resisting Coating, protected with an Alkali-resisting Coating. Steel Exposed Apply to surface a Rust-resisting | GF No. 300 80 to Atmosphere | Coating. (Two coats.) Apply to surface a strongly adhe-| GF No. 350 82 Galvanized Iron! sive Rust-resisting Coating. [THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO. See ee oe SETSEOES WM. PENN HOTEL, Pittsburgh, Pa.—GF No. 10 Waterproofing Used. Architect, Janssen & Abbott, Pittsburgh. General Contractor, Geo. A. Fuller Co., New York City. Waterproofing Contractors, Harrison & Meyer, Pittsburgh. The Integral Method of Waterproofing GF No. 10—Integral Waterproofing Paste By the Integral Method of waterproofing is meant the incor- poration of a waterproof material into the voids of the concrete or mortar, during the process of mixing. This is the simplest and, with the proper materials, the most economical type for it is pos- sible to meet a great many waterproofing problems by the Integral Method and there is little opportunity for improper application. Any integral waterproofing, however, to be effective, must be completely distributed throughout the mortar or concrete. And unless it goes into permanent chemical combination there is danger of its being eventually washed out or absorbed with the consequent loss of all waterproofing value. 10 GF No. 10 is a smooth white Waterproofing Paste which is first dissolved in the gauging water and then carried into every void in the mixture that the water itself penetrates. It remains dissolved permanently so that gauging water and paste when once thoroughly combined can be used at any time without further attention. . Upon contact with the constituents of cement GF No. 10 forms a chemical compound which hardens in all the minute voids into a stable, water-repelling mass. In some cases where integral waterproofing is used the mate- rials for waterproofing affect the ‘set’ of the concrete or mortar even to the extent of weakening or softening the mass. There is a set corrective agent in GF No. 10 which neutralizes all harmful action of this kind and allows concrete impregnated with GF Inte- gral Waterproofing Paste to set exactly as it would under ordinary conditions. Tests prove also that neither the tensile nor com- pressive strength is materially affected by waterproofing with GF No. 10. Briefly the value of GF No. 10 Paste for Integral Waterproof- ing is made up by these three features: First. Its absolute solubility in water, insuring uniform dis- tribution throughout the mass. Second. Its chemical combination with cement to form a per- fect and permanent waterproofing. Third. The simplicity of its application—reducing labor cost and eliminating imperfections due to careless workmanship. General Directions and Quantities Required When the amount of cement to be used in the mix which is to be waterproofed has been determined, add to the water to be used in making this batch of concrete or plaster two per cent by weight of the cement of GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste. In other words, two pounds of GI No. 10 for every bag, or eight pounds for every barrel of cement. This paste is to be stirred into the water until it has thoroughly dissolved so that the water is of an even, milky color. GF No. 10 Paste weighs eight pounds to the gallon, and water weighs eight pounds to the gallon. As it is the accepted custom to use about 34 gallons of water for each barrel of cement used in making a batch of concrete to be poured, the proportion of paste to water would be 1-34. As there is usually about 17 gallons of water used to each barrel of cement in a batch of mortar for plaster coat work, the proportion of GF Paste to water would be 1-17. After the paste has once been thoroughly dissolved in the water by stirring, no further attention is necessary as the paste will maintain a per- fectly even distribution throughout this water indefinitely. The cement mortar or concrete is to be wet, gauged or tempered with the milky solution thus obtained and the result will be, when the concrete has set, an absolutely water-tight mass. 11 (THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | i SS g§9§09 = Specifications for Waterproofing with GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste Materials 1. Waterproofing: GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste as manufactured by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, is to be purchased direct from them or their authorized Agents. The paste must be brought to the building site in original and sealed packages. This paste must be used without adulteration and in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and directions. z. Cement: All cement shall be a high grade Portland Cement meeting satisfactorily the requirements of the Standard Specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials. It shall preferably be so ground that eighty per cent (80%) shall pass a Standard Two Hundred (200) Mesh sieve. 3. Sand: All sand shall be absolutely free from loam, clay, vegetable or other deleterious organic matter and uniformly graded from coarse to fine in size. 4. Draining: : Before actual waterproofing is begun all water shall be drained away from surface to be waterproofed. Provision must be made to keep this water out during the process and until the last section of Waterproofing is thor- oughly set. Entire Body of Concrete to be Waterproofed General: Sections 1 to 4 to be carefully followed, and 5. Materials: All concrete used in the (name part of work) is to be mixed in the propor- tions of one part cement, two parts sand and four parts aggregate. (Or one _ part cement, two and a half parts sand and five parts aggregate.) 6. Mixing: A dry mixture of cement, sand and stone is to be made, preferably of the proportion 1:2:4 which shall be tempered to a quaking consistency. GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste shall be added to all water so that the proportion shall be 8 pounds of paste to each barrel or 2 pounds of paste to each bag of cement. 7. Placing: All concrete is to be placed in one continuous operation where possible. Each pouring is to be thoroughly spaded to insure uniform density in the wall or floor. 8. Necessary Joints of New to Old Work: Where joints are absolutely unavoidable the old surface must be roughened with mason’s chipping hammer; then thoroughly wire brushed. The finished surface shall have holes at least 4’ deep and not more than 2’ on centers in every direction. _ After this has been done the face of the joint is to be treated with a solution made of 2 pounds of GF No. 400 Bonding Compound dissolved in a gallon of water. This solution is to be applied with a corn broom or acid brush. After all chemical action has ceased the surface is to be thoroughly washed with clean water, using a hose if possible. While the surface of the concrete is still wet, a thin cream of cement and water (the water to have in it GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste) is to be applied and the new concrete poured immediately. 12 | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS | Specifications—Continued 9. Curing: The work is to be allowed to cure the ordinary length of time before the forms are removed as GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste is so com- pounded that it neither accelerates nor retards the set of cement. Applying Waterproofed Plaster Coats (See page 28 for table) 10. Preparing Concrete Surfaces to Receive Waterproofing: The surface of concrete side walls is to be thoroughly roughened with a mason’s chipping hammer, then wire brushed and treated with GF No. 400 Bonding Compound before any Waterproofing is applied. The finished surface shall have holes at least %” deep and not more than 2” on centers in every direction. Two pounds of GF No. 400 are to be dissolved in a gallon of water. This solution is to be well rubbed into the surface with a corn broom or acid brush. After all chemical action has ceased, the wall is to be thor- oughly washed, if possible with a hose, to remove surplus material. Before any Waterproofing is applied over the floor it must be cleaned of all grease, dirt and for- eign matter. Dw, Yi pmNARTISS yf Yi BN hy ae 7, waterproofed by isi the in efral method. If the waterproofed topping to be applied over the floor is not heavy enough nor strong enough to resist upward water pressure, it must be care- - fully bonded to the underbed of concrete. 11. Preparing Brick or Stone Walls: The joints of the brick work should be raked out at least 3% of an inch and then wire brushed to remove loose particles of mortar. In rubble stone walls, the joints are to be thoroughly raked out to a depth of % in. to % in. and then wire brushed to remove loose particles. 12. Preparing Floors: When underbed is “set,” the surface must be thoroughly chipped so there shall be holes at least 1%4 in. deep and not more than 2 in. on centers in any direction. When topping and underbed are laid at the same time, the topping must be applied before the underbed has obtained an initial set. Great care must be taken to bond the topping and underbed together thoroughly. 13. Saturation: All masonry surfaces are to be saturated with as much water as they will absorb before applying the cement grout. 14. Grout: A thin cement grout or wash is to be applied to all old surfaces to be waterproofed, immediately before the waterproofed plaster coat is put on and directly after the saturation is completed. 15. Materials: The cement grout is to be neat cement of such consistency that it may be applied to the surface with a brush. The mortar for the waterproofed plaster coat is to be mixed of never less than one part cement to two parts sand nor more than one part cement to two and one-half parts sand. GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste is 13 |THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | = eras 59) Specifications—Continued to be added to the gauging water in the amount of 2% by weight of the amount of cement used in mixing each batch of mortar. 16. Mixing and Quantities: The cement and sand are to be thoroughly mixed together, turning over the mass at least three times. Then the water used for tempering this mass, in which has already been dissolved the GF No. 10 Integral Water- CROWLEY-MILNER DEPARTMENT STORE, Detroit, Mich.—Waterproofed with GF No. 10 Waterproofing Paste. Architects, Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, Detroit. Contractors, Geo. A. Fuller Co., New York City. proofing Paste, is to be added and the mixture thoroughly turned over until it is of even consistency. " The same mixture and proportions are to be used for both coats. 17. Application: Scratch Coat: Immediately after the cement grout has been put on, apply the first coat of waterproofed plaster. This plaster shall cover the whole wall surface and extend out onto the floor 6 in. to 1 foot from the bottom of all side walls. 14 | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS oso Specifications— Continued The scratch coat shall be about % in. thick and after it has obtained sufficient set it is to be thoroughly scratched to afford a key for the second coat. This scratch coat is to set until it is strong enough to carry the second coat. Finish Coat: As soon as the scratch coat will support the weight of the finish coat a wash of grout shall be put on and the second coat of waterproofed plaster applied. This coat should be floated free from all imperfections, using in this process the greatest pressure it is possible for the workmen to apply. Then the surface is to be finished to a smooth, even texture with a steel trowel. The total thickness of the two coats of plaster should not exceed % in. (Note: In case it is unnecessary to apply a waterproof plaster coat over the entire surface of the floor, a narrow gutter 2% inches by 3 inches should be cut down into the floor close up to the side wall, treated in the same manner as the side wall and filled with plaster which is to be troweled out and up to an even surface with the surrounding flooring.) 18. Caution: All pipes or other conduits going through this wall should be painted thor- oughly with a coat of GF No. 16 before the waterproof plaster coat is applied. 19. Top Finish over Floor: After all traces of grease, dirt and other foreign matter have been care- fully removed the surface of the floor is to be thoroughly wetted and a coat of neat cement grout applied thereto. The plaster coat extending out on the floor and for 6 inches up the side wall from the angle of the side wall and floor should be roughened and treated with Bonding Compound for the reception of the floor waterproofing so as to obtain a perfect bond and tight joint at this point. The waterproofing over the floors should be carried up this side wall waterproofing in the shape of a coved base for a distance of about 6” to assure a perfect joint. All encumbrances upon the floor that cannot be removed should be pre- pared with GF No. 16 to form a flexible joining with the waterproof coat over the floor. The waterproof mortar is to be applied in one coat to a thickness of (this thickness must be such that the weight of the concrete or the strength of it, if reinforced, will overcome the estimated hydro-static head) over the entire surface of the floor, and up the side wall in the form of a base about 6” above the general level of the floor. After this mortar has obtained sufficient set, it is to be floated free from all imperfections and troweled smooth with a steel trowel. In the course of this floating and in the troweling as much pressure as possible must be exerted to finish the surface free from imperfections. Plaster Coat Applied on the Inner I Brick Face of Walls and over Floors General: Sections 1 to 4 and 10 to 19 in- clusive are to be carefully followed, and | Cement Plaster 20. Gutter: : ee e Neo A gutter about 24%” deep by 3%” wide H should be cut into the floor at the angle be- tween the floor and side wall around the entire space to be waterproofed. (Note: If there is to be no coat over floor this gutter should be thoroughly wire brushed and treated with GF No. 400 Bond- ing Compound before any Waterproofing is applied.) 15 ii = q) icy) & Aw > a mz w I cy w 1) 2) az] ici QO 10} jel ie) iS Z 2) 2 10) | =| ai ie) = 12) Specifications—Continued Plaster Coat Applied on Outer Face of and Under Walls and Over or Under Top of Floors General: Sections 1 to 4 and 10 to 19 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and AW 21. Treatment of Footings: ™ After the footings have been set in place and CY while they are still green, a 1/ coat of water- RA proofed mortar shall be plastered over the top XN of them. This waterproof coat shall be carried Cement MoS either side of the wall line at least 6”. Dae gored 22. Treatment of Walls: G.FNSIO « After the side wall has been set in place, rough- ened, treated with Bond- ing Compound and satu- Yr rated and while the sur- U2 Wateroroofed with face is wet apply neat cement grout with a brush and immediately plaster the first coat of waterproofed plaster onto the wall from the top of the footing to 1 to 3 inches above grade. This first coat should be about % of an inch thick and after it has obtained sufficient set is to be thoroughly scratched to afford a key for the second coat. 23. Back Fill: After the second coat of waterproofed mortar has been applied and thor- oughly troweled up, the back fill may be made directly against this plaster coat. 24. Joint at Floor: Before the concrete floor is set on the inside of the wall a plaster coat applied as specified for the outside of the wall should be carried from the top of the footing to a point 6” above the surface of the finished floor inside. Repairing Leaks in Walls and Floors and for Waterproofing Leaky Basement Walls and Floors General: Sections 1 to 4 and 10 to 19 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and 25. Where it is Possible Remove the Pressure and Water from the Outside of the Wall: Where it is possible to have access to outer side of wall to be waterproofed a trench should be dug around all walls, the highest point of this trench to go down to the bottom of the footing course. This trench is to be pitched to a hole or ditch from which the water may be rapidly drained, so as to abso- lutely remove all pressure from walls and floor to be waterproofed. All water pressure and all water must be kept away until the Water- proofing has set. After the Waterproofing has set thoroughly, the ditch and well or pit should be filled with broken stone or porous drain tile so as to leave them in condition to continue to relieve the pressure. After this has been done the back fill of dirt may be made. 16 | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 9 =< oe=e Specifications—Continued 26. Draining Walls and System of Waterproofing Column TBD E oe nist rite Footings with GF No. 10 GeNRelseval Water Pres sure: Around inside of all outside walls dig a trench, leading 3 f this trench to a sump pit or 4° Operation hole from which provision i - must be made to eject all water. The trench to be of sufficient width and depth to SS carry the volume of water eraiion coming through the walls and floors to the sump pit. This trench to be so designed that the upper level of the water is to be below the under Waterproofing Footing for Concrete Column with side of the concrete underbed. ere NO The bottom of the trench i i rn to be filled with broken stone or to have porous drain tile installed therein. The stone or tile to be covered with a 42 Operation layer of tarred felt or paper fl 7) to prevent the new concrete === from clogging the drain. 27. Bleeding Walls: Where a pressure is encoun- tered on side walls which are to be covered on the inside with a plaster coat of water- proofed mortar, it may be necessary to bleed these walls with pipe drills. These “bleed- ers” are to be set at such in- ae _ tervals as to relieve all water i : a ey LeCSSULC. ) : Waterproofing Stee cola ocrng and Grillage Notary ceaes ue ae Above Methods Used by the Waterproofing & Con- be well to write The Gen- struction Co., of New York, in Ward eral Fireproofing Company, Bakery Building, Orange, N. J. Youngstown, Ohio, for a com- : plete set of specifications for the individual job in hand. It is impossible to cover this condition with a gen- eral specification. In asking for information it is necessary to give The General Fireproofing Company all data as to water pressure encountered, height, length and thickness of surface to be waterproofed and the amount of space available for doing this work. All this data is necessary if you are to get an intelligent specification and, possibly, a drawing showing the layout of the “bleeders.”) 28. Installing Pipe and Flange in Sump Hole: The sump is to be of sufficient depth to keep the water level at the point farthest from this sump hole below the concrete slab present or to be installed. This sump hole is to be equipped with an unpainted cast-iron pipe of sufficient diameter to take the suction pipe of the pump to be connected. The pipe instal- led is to have an iron flange at one end, with four holes with four 4-inch iron bolts through the holes, the object of these bolts being to hold the flange in place and prevent it from twisting. The top end of the pipe to be threaded to take an iron cap which is to be placed in position when the process of water- proofing is completed. This pipe is to be set in the center of the sump hole, so that the top of the cap will be 1 inch below the surface of the concrete floor slab when same is finished. The bottom of this sump hole is to be filled with broken stone which is to be brought to a level to support the flange. 17 Cemenf Plaster { Waterprooted ee Sg Ne Not less than\{s5: (Qe a -— [THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO [c] see} Specifications— Continued Finished Floor f) epee 29: Freeing Sump Holes of 2 vee x Concrete y at Be ater: Suction hose In cases where the sump L/ fo pump hole is to be left open, provi- sion must be made for keeping it free of water, either by an automatic ejector or a steam pump. Where the sump pit is to be closed up permanently and not left open for drainage purposes, the procedure is to be as follows: GFN218 Woferproof Felt S'lron Pipe threaded ‘B Id Cond Broken Stone 4eVron Flange 30. Finishing over S um p Hole: After the floor waterproof- ing has thoroughly set, the suction pipe is to be removed from the sump hole, the cap screwed over the pipe set therein and the hole filled up 4 comes with waterproof mortar. Cemen! Mortar Wolerprooted wilh G F #10 —» Boards or planks are to be laid over this mortar and thoroughly weighted or braced to keep them and the mortar in position until it has thoroughly set. Helo a , 31. Sump Hole Left Open: If the sump hole is to be left open for drainage pur- poses, the top finish over the floor is to be brought up to the edge of the sump and fin- ished off with a rim which is Method of Waterproofing Leaky Basements Under to be made of size to fit some eae ike a Ae eno eae ey type of cover for the sump hole. VA, Stucco Applied to the Outside or Cement Mortar Plaster Applied to Inside of Porous Terra Cotta Tile, Brick, Vitrified Tile or Face Brick Walls General: Sections 1 to 4, 13 to 18 are to be carefully followed, and Preparing surfaces to receive Waterproofing 32. Common Brick Wall: The joints of the brick work should be raked out at least % of an inch and then wire brushed to remove loose particles of mortar. 33. Porous Terra Cotta Tile: Where tile are especially ribbed or keyed for holding plaster it is only necessary to saturate thoroughly before the waterproofed mortar is applied. 34. Vitrified Tile: The joints of all walls of vitrified tile are to be raked out about % ofan inch and the surface of the tile thoroughly chipped with a mason’s chipping hammer before any waterproof coats are applied. 18 5 Oa sk Ee i ae Oey ee a Re ee ne ne a en ee ES, re ree —— | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS | Specifications— Continued 35. Face Brick: After the mortar joints have been raked out about % of an inch it will be necessary to chip the face of the brick themselves if they are very smooth texture, hard burned, or pressed face brick. 36. Application: After the wall has been prepared and saturated and while the surface is still wet, apply the first coat of waterproofed plaster about % of an inch thick. After this first coat has set sufficiently it is to be thoroughly scratched to afford a key for the second coat. This scratch coat is to be allowed to set for 12 hours or more until it is of sufficient strength to carry the second coat. After the necessary time has elapsed the second coat of waterproofed mor- tar or stucco should be applied and floated free from all imperfections. The surface is to be finished as closely as consistent with the pre-determined sur- facing of the stucco. Waterproofing Stucco to be Applied to Trussit, Self-Sentering or Herringbone Metal Lath General: Sections 1 to 4 and 16 to be carefully followed, and- 37. Materials: The mortar for the scratch coat shall consist of one part Portland Cement to two and one-half parts clean, sharp sand with a small amount of hair (1% lbs. hair to each bag of Portland Cement). If lime putty is added it shall not be in excess of 1/3 of the volume of cement. For back-plaster coat the mortar shall consist of one part Portland Cement to two and one-half parts of clean, sharp sand, and GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste. The finish coat shall consist of one part cement, two and a half parts of clean, sharp sand or two parts of sand and 2 per cent of GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste shall be added to the tempering water in proportion to the volume of cement used in making the mix. 38. Application: The plastering should be carried on continuously in one general direction, without allowing the plaster to dry at the edge. If it is impossible to work the full width of the wall at one time, the joint should be at some natural division of the surface, such as a window or door. The first coat shall be applied to the outside of the lath and pushed through sufficiently to give a good key. Over the face of the studs the plaster shall be forced well through the lath in order to fill entirely the space between the lath and the stud. The backing coat shall be applied to the back of the lath and shall be thoroughly troweled so that the lath shall be entirely cov- ered. The final coat shall be applied to the face of the first coat. 39. Roughing: Soon after applying and before the initial set has taken place, the surface of the coats which are to receive succeeding coats shall be roughened with a saw-toothed paddle or other suitable device. 40. Dampening: Before applying mortar the surface of the preceding coat shall be thor- oughly wetted to prevent absorption of water from the fresh mortar. 41. Thickness of Coat: The first coat shall be at least % in. thick over the face of the lath and project through behind the lath about % in. The backing coat shall increase the thickness behind the lath to not less than % in. The final outside coat shall be not less than % in. thick. 19 = [THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO Specifications— Continued 42, Drying Out: The final coat shall not be permitted to dry out rapidly and adequate precaution shall be taken, either by sprinkling frequently after the mortar has set hard enough to permit it or by hanging wet burlap over the surface to keep the surface of the stucco damp. 43. Freezing: Stucco should never be applied when the temperature is below freezing. COMMERCIAL BUILDING, Columbus, Ohio.—Architect, Otto V. Darst, Columbus. Gen. Con- tractor, D. W. McGrath, Columbus. GF No. 10 Used for Waterproofing Basement. Joints of Brick Work and Stone Work Waterproofed by GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste Incorporated throughout the Mortar General: Sections 1 to 4 and 16 to be carefully followed, and 44. Material: The mortar for the joints is to be mixed of one part cement to two parts sand or one part cement to two and a half parts sand. In either case GF No. 10 is to be added to the water used in mixing this mortar as specified above. 45. Mixing: The cement and sand are to be thoroughly mixed together, turning over the mass at least three times. Then the water, in which has already been dissolved the GF No. 10, is to be added and the mixture thoroughly turned over until it is of even consistency. 46. Brick Wall: All brick shall be thoroughly wet just previous to being laid, except in freezing weather, when they shall be thoroughly dry. The brick shall be laid with full beds and joints properly and solidly bounded. No mason work of any 20 i WATE 5 = tPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS Ges0 Specifications—Continued description shall be built when the temperature is below 28 degrees F. on a rising temperature or 32 degrees F. on a falling temperature, at the point where the work is in progress. No frozen materials shall be built upon in any case, 47. Stone Wall: All stone shall be laid on their natural bed. No stone which does not bond or extend into the wall at least six inches shall be used. Stones shall be firmly bedded in mortar of the same mixture as specified for brick walls, and all spaces and joints shall be thoroughly filled with like mortar. 48. Application: The brick or stone are to be laid in the usual manner except that great care must be taken to see that all beds and joints are full and continuous. The faces of all joints must be struck off true with a trowel so as to leave no holes or seams. Great care must be taken to fill entirely around all pipes, etc., breaking through the wall. In addition all these pipes must be painted with GF No. 200 to form a flexible bond. ANZ — a SHREDDED WHEAT BISCUIT COMPANY FACTORY BUILDING, Oakland, Cal.—Grain Tanks Waterproofed with GF No. 10. Architect, L. P. Hobart, San Fran- cisco. Contractor, Clinton Construction Co., San Francisco. 49. Flat Tile Roof: The bed of mortar in which the tile are laid is to be at least 1” thick, made after the proportion hereinbefore specified. 50. Laying Tile: The tile are to be imbedded in this mortar and trued up, leaving at least a %/” joint between all tile. 21 Specifications— Continued 51. Pointing: The pointing mortar is to be made of the same proportion as that for the bed. The joints must be thoroughly filled and mortar well troweled down so as to leave no holes or voids. 52. Grouting: The grout is to be made of the same proportion as above specified, except that additional water, containing GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste in the proper proportion, is to be used to render the mixture sufficiently liquid to pour into these joints. All joints shall be filled flush with the surface and the grout be so poured that no air is imprisoned in the joints. 53. Pitch Roof: The mortar used in pointing the joints of these tile (joints to be not less than %’ wide) is to be of the same proportions as hereinbefore specified, applied in accordance with directions in section 51. Break or Opening in Surfaces where Concrete is Waterproofed by the Integral Method (Note: Sometimes a break occurs in a wall or floor that has been water- proofed by the Integral Method, either in the mass or by a plaster coat, because of the settlement of the building, defective workmanship, the removal or plac- ing of pipes, or external damage.) 54. Large Break or Opening: In case the break admits either a single large stream or several small streams of water, remove the entire area of the affected surface to a depth of % in., leaving the surface rough. General: Sections 1 to 3, and 10 to 17 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and 55. Bleeding: Provide several pieces %4-inch iron pipe two or three inches in length and drive one piece into the surface wherever water enters, leaving the end projecting about % inch beyond the roughened surface. After the pipes are all placed, the water will generally enter only through the pipes. 56. Application: After the wall is thoroughly saturated and cleaned with GF No. 400 Bonding Compound, apply over the whole of the affected area two coats of Portland Cement Mortar, waterproofed with GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste as specified, finishing the surface flush with the old adjoining surface. After this coating has thoroughly set and dried, plug up the ends of the bleeders (pipe) with a piece of wood driven in tight. Then covering with cement mortar, connecting this mortar to the adjoining cement coating. Only two of the “bleeders” are to be plugged daily, working from the out- side to the center of the space, allowing sufficient time for the newly applied plaster coating to set hard before closing any more “bleeders.” The last “bleeder” is plugged and waterproofed in the same manner as the others and immediately covered with wet straw boards firmly braced and kept so until the plaster coating has set. 57. Small Break or Opening: If the break is small, clean the surface of all loose particles of cement, dirt, etc., and treat with a liberal application of GF No. 400 Bonding Com- pound. Apply over the surface two coats of Portland Cement Mortar water- proofed with GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste. Both coats must be worked well into the edges of the old plaster coating. After this is done, cover immediately with wet straw boards firmly braced to position, and kept so until the plaster coat has set. 22 ee Ff === @ Specifications—Continued 58. Crack: If the leak or opening takes the form of a long crack, and there is con- siderable water coming through it, the best method to pursue is to cut an inverted key into the wall, treat the sides of this key with GF No. 400 Bonding Compound, and then fill key full of mortar waterproofed with GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste as specified for other plaster coat work. After this mortar has been tamped in as firmly as possible, it is to be braced with straw boards covered with planks which are to be kept in position and wet for several days until the mortar has had a chance to set thoroughly. SWIMMING POOL—Residence of Edw. Jenkins, Sewickley, Pa.—Pool Waterproofed with GF No. 10.—Architect, Alden & Harlow, Pittsburgh. Thompson & Starrett, Contractors. Waterproofing Swimming Pools by the Integral Method General: Sections 1 to 9 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and 59. Connecting Drains: All inlet pipes, outlet pipes, or floor drains are to have copper flashings, extending at least six inches from the side of and soldered firmly to the pipe or drain, this flashing to extend at right angles from the pipe or drain into the concrete. This flashing should be painted with two thorough coats of GF No. 200 Dampproofing Coating, or GF No. 16 Foundation Brush Coating, in order to give a flexible joint between the concrete and flashing. 60. Tile or Brick Lining: Before the tile or brick lining is put in, the surface of the concrete is to be thoroughly chipped in order to afford a bond for the mortar used in setting. 23 [of eee] [THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO Specifications—Continued The mortar used in setting the tile or brick is to be waterproofed in accordance with sections 44, 45 and 48. 61. Plaster Coat, Waterproofed: A plaster coat at least 1 inch thick is to be applied to the side walls and floor of this pool, in accordance with sections 1 to 4, 10 to 19, and— _ The final coat of mortar is to be scratched, as soon as it is set up suffi- ciently, instead of being troweled smooth, in order to afford a mechanical bond for the mortar used in setting the enamel brick, tile or brick lining. (Note: In case no brick or tile lining is to be used, the surface of this finish coat is to be troweled smooth.) 62. Platform Around Pool: The plaster coat is to be carried through the gutter up and over the plat- enero an ging the pool, and up the walls surrounding this platform in a 6-inch base. Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Walls and Floors Strength Required to Resist Water Pressure In waterproofing Reinforced Concrete Walls and Floors that are subjected to a hydrostatic head, it is necessary that the Wall or Floor be strong enough to resist the water pressure, for the waterproofing itself is not counted upon as a structural element. This design can be made very accurately where the hydro- static head, or depth of the water, is known, but it is often hard to determine—especially in the case of Foundations and Cellars of Buildings. These are, in nearly all cases, banked with earth which in dry weather contains no water but which may become saturated at the time of rainstorms and floods. The hydrostatic head to be used in designing Tanks, Reser- voirs, and Dams is definitely known and must be taken at its full value in accordance with the well known laws of hydrostatic pres- sure, but the tendency in designing the floors and walls of cellars is to assume a hydrostatic head entirely too large for the existing conditions, with a consequent needless expenditure of money. Every foundation and cellar floor should be constructed with a good drainage system and this, with the natural drainage of the surrounding earth, relieves the water pressure to such an extent that the hydrostatic head is decreased and rarely if ever amounts to more than 50 per cent of the maximum under such conditions. Where the drainage system is liable to become clogged due to the nature of the soil a greater percentage of the maximum pressure must be considered. Retaining Walls for earth pressure are often designed to resist a fluid pressure of one-half the intensity of water-pressure—one authority recommending that Retaining Walls be considered as subjected to the pressure of a fluid weighing 28 pounds per cubic foot; and as this rule has proven practical and safe for Retaining Walls, it is a safe rule to follow in designing floors and walls for basements that are located in any but swampy ground. 24 = E | co iA) Te, ) ‘o) ‘e) | Z q@) > 2 Ss) S) | ust ii 13) w 0 Ke) = Zz OQ QO e) = ire) ie) S Zz iw) ie») Position of Reinforcing Steel In reinforced concrete slabs the reinforcing steel is placed to resist tension stresses and the concrete, which is weak in tension, is designed to resist compression stresses. Where concrete walls are used to resist water pressure and the walls are of simple design, having horizontal reinforcement only, the reinforcing steel is placed near the surface on the opposite side from the water face. PIEDMONT THEATRE, Atlanta, Ga.—GF No. 200 for Wall Dampproofing. GF No. 10 for Floor Waterproofing. Architect, A. Ten Eyck Brown, Atlanta. Contractors, Kalb & McCauley, Atlanta. In the floors of a building the loads are placed upon the upper surface of the slabs and the reinforcing steel is placed near the under side of the slab. In the case of basement floors, however, designed to resist water pressure from beneath, the position of the reinforcing steel is reversed, i. e., it is placed near the top of the slab. To find the pressure exerted by a given head of water, multiply the head in feet by 62.5 pounds. Thus: A 10-foot head of water will exert a pressure of 625 pounds per square foot. EXPLANATION OF TABLE 1 Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Walls Horizontal Water Pressure The Table of Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Walls (Table 1, Page 27) is a table of Total Loads per square foot that can be safely resisted by slabs of var- 25 [THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | os == oO ious spans and thicknesses with different amounts of steel reinforcement. It is used in the design of walls, constructed as reinforced concrete slabs, with ver- tical supports (or buttresses) at stated intervals, and in which the reinforce- ment runs horizontally between supports. To illustrate the use of this Table we will consider as a slab a section of wall having vertical supports 12 feet apart and on the other side of the wall —water 10 feet deep. It is evident that the pressure against this wall varies from a maximum at the bottom, or deepest point, to nothing at the top. Consequently the wall must be strong enough to resist the maximum pressure at the bottom and the strength may be gradually decreased toward the top. If the wall is consid- ered as made up of successive horizontal layers or laminations one foot deep and each layer designed to resist the pressure of the water at that depth, the result will be a design that is safe and economical. Consider first the bottom layer, 1 foot deep. The mean depth of water on the face of this layer is 9% feet. The pressure of the water is 94% x 62% — 593%4 pounds and the bottom section must therefore be designed to resist that pressure. In Table 1 find the span 12 feet (the distance between supports) in the column headed “Clear Span in Feet.” Opposite this on the same horizontal line, we find under the vertical column “Total Thickness of Slab” that an 11- inch slab has a strength of 590 pounds per square foot and while the actual pressure exerted is about 4 pounds greater than this, we can use this slab with safety. In the same vertical column opposite “Area of Steel per Foot of Width” we find that .81 square inches of reinforcing steel is required per foot width of slab. And opposite “Effective Depth of Slab” we find that this steel must be placed 9 inches from the water face of the wall. The proper design is a wall built up after the manner described for the bottom layer considering the exact water pressure to which each layer or step is subjected, and in foundations for buildings, the weight of the superstructure it must support. For all practical purposes in connection with small work. however, the usual method is to design the wall of a uniform thickness sufficient to take the maximum pressure. EXPLANATION OF TABLE 2 Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Floors Upward Water Pressure In reinforcing floors against a water pressure, the reinforcing steel must be placed near the top of the slab. The Table of Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Floors (Table 2) shows the total thickness of slab, the amount of reinforcing steel required and the dis- tance from the water face of the slab to the center of the reinforcing. It considers reinforcing steel placed in one direction only. To illustrate we will take the case of a floor slab with supports 15 feet apart, subjected to a pressure caused by a 7-foot head of water. The pressure, or in this case the lifting power, of the water is 7x624%4—437% pounds per square foot. Find the span 15 feet in the column “Clear Span in Feet” in Table 2. Opposite this and on the same horizontal line we find under the column “Total Thickness of Slab” that an 11-inch slab will resist a water pressure of 515 pounds per square foot, while the actual lifting power of a 7-foot column of water is only 487144 pounds per square foot. In the same vertical column opposite “Area of Steel per Foot of Width” we find that .81 square inches of reinforcing steel is required per foot width of slab. And opposite “Effective Depth of Slab” we find that this steel must be placed 9 inches from the bottom face of the slab. As the water pressure is the same over the entire floor the thickness of the slab and the amount of reinforcing steel will be the same at every point. , The safe pressure loads, given in Table 2, include the weight of the slab. 26 ys sa Lek te > | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS oeso0 Table No. 1 Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Walls Safe Loads in Pounds per square foot idee te Wan | 4” 5” 6” 8” 9” 10” 11” 12” 13” 14” 15” lhe” | | Effective ” ” yn ye ” ” ” a m” | Depthiof Slabi| > — {4 6A" 74 10 13 iM : 3 || 10501865] 2910 4940 | 6580 3 4 || 592]1050] 1620|2360| 2780] 3690 iz w fd 5 || 377] 670|1050 1775 aaa eet ~ | | 5 ee i 61, 262| 467| 730|1050| 1230] 1640 | 1865 | 2360] 2920 C3 ee 7 193| 344] 535| 770| 905/1205|1370|1740| 2140 Sie oo 5 il 8 148| 262] 410] 590| 695] 923|1050/1330| 1640 2360] 2770 | 3220 8 id he I 9 116| 207| 324] 467| 547] 730] 830|1050| 1295 1870|2200|2540 || 9 > $8 5 % i Gels fe ener Hao Tv Te 1 GLO 2a oO Oe en eell 870] 1050] 1245| 1465|1700 || 11 Z 22a < 590| 728] 885] 1050] 1215 12 < che La o Cir Sa) 750| 890] 105 13 “2 sao 650| 770 14 & id <3 i 565| 670 915 [| 15 Gi aS ke 147| 173] 230 408] 495 590] 692| 802 [16 oO. 38 2 17 130| 153] 203 363| 440] 520/ 615| 710 || 17 Fa ° 18 ees 136 teat rest ea a0 261/ 323] 391] 465) 545| 635 || 18 SS 19 Ea 162{ 185| teat rest ea 290| 350| 417| 490] 568 || 19 20, || | | |__| 168] 212|262| 318/378] 445] 515 || 20 Weight of slab ) 150| 163] 175 200 per sq. foot Area of Steel per owns || > 27 seer i 1.26 Table No. 2 Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Floors Safe Loads in Pounds per square foot Total thick- ness of Slab Effective 3” | 4” depth of Slab 4” 5” 6” 7 8” 9” 10” |11” |12” 113” 14” 115” 16” Ps ncacit 3 3 4 | 6421/1113] 1695 |2448| 2880/3803 [4325 eee 4 5 || __427| 733] 1125] 1598] 1875/2463 |2805 [3538/4350] | | 5 6 || 312] 530 [17531990 2498/3070 | | || 7 7 8 8 9 1100 | 1928} 2985 =15 l € at 243| 407 | 1318 |1495 |1878|2290 [2753 |3255| Em 198| 325 5 1790 |2153 3420 9 || 166] 270 eal 555 1445 2740 10 os 337| 465 Li 1433 2260 || 10 TI za) 400] 465] 599 1900 || 11 75 B. M. = CLEAR SPAN IN FEET iS Stress in Concrete 640# per sq. in. Stress in Steel 16000# per sq. in. CLEAR SPAN IN FEET 257| 350| 406] 521 a 1048 1620 || 12 13 310] 361 770 | 913 1420 || 13 i 125] en | eee 209/281 685| 813 1250 || 14 3 15 an 255| 296| 375] 423 ats 615| 728 1115 _|/ 15 2 A 6 |__| 235| 273] 343] 387| 470| 558] 658] 765| 879|1002 || 16 ae GIT Ce a eT CRT | 802| 910 |/ 17 patie a EI 554 “el a 835_|/ 18 ee a9 fw 513| 592| 677| 768 || 19 20 |__| 293] 350] 412] 481| 553] 632| 715 || 20 Weight of slab oan = roe Area of Steel stati | al a] fe eal wl olf |THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | GF No. 11 Integral Waterproofing Powder Some architects in specifying integral waterproofing require a powder to be mixed with the cement in place of a paste dissolved in the gauging water. For such work the powder must be a water- proof material in itself and can only be depended upon when care- fully and thoroughly mixed with the cement. GF No. 11 Integral Waterproofing Powder is the same mate- rial which forms when GF No. 10 Paste combines with cement, in the finished concrete or mortar. It is therefore classed as a pre- formed waterproofing element and depends upon thorough distri- bution throughout the dry cement for its success. GF No. 11 has a much higher specific gravity than cement and readily fills up all the voids during the mixing process. In the finished mass, whether concrete or mortar, GF No. 11 Waterproofing Powder maintains its water-repelling qualities per- manently. It does not in any way affect the set of material with which it is used, for a corrective agent in the Powder overcomes any tendency to retard the set or weaken the mass. General Directions and Quantities Required GF No. 11 Integral Waterproofing Powder is to be added to Portland Cement in the proportion of two pounds to each bag of cement or eight pounds to each barrel used in any mixture. These two are to be thoroughly mixed dry so as to insure complete distribution of the GF Powder. Add this mixture to the sand, which should never be less than two parts nor more than two and a half parts by volume, the whole to be manipulated until the mass is evenly mixed and is uniform in color. In case of mass concrete this mixture is to be added to the aggregate and thoroughly turned over at least three times. Covering Capacity: Mass Concrete Material Required for Cubic Yard GF No. 10 or Mixture Cement Sand Stone GF No. 11 iLeeinat 1.51 bbls. nAOn CUleEEVCS .89 cu. yds. 12.08 lbs. 1:24%:5 IL Sab AG iat mee OO trates @) py Waterproofed Cement Mortar Material required for 100 Sq. ft. Waterproofed Plaster GF No. 10 or Mixture Thickness Packed Cement Loose Sand GF No. 11 ie? 2” 2.06 bbls. .58 cu. yds. 16.48 lbs. 14%” il 4! .44 ss IDaeyr, 14” pA .36 . i) ey & 1” sles .29 ss SOA Tl’ 9 sf 22D ‘s (GOR OS 34/7 Ae ee 22, § Grol Games 5g// eye al cs Hell © 1:2% Dig Ite © .62 ‘ it () Se 14” ae —& .46 “s IO © Meas ial. Ae .39 - S3Sm an 1” ESO ox soul ts Uk Tel! (ie oe ai ee GG, “ 34/7 n OOM as “ nace § 5Q// 55 “‘ 19 “i 4.4 “cc Specifications for application of GF No. 11 Integral Waterproofing Powder are identical with specifications for GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste. 12 (See page 12) i GF No. 17 Mop Coating and GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt In a great many cases where substructural work must be waterproofed against a considerable head of water with no perma- nent drainage system to carry it off, a heavy waterproof mat is necessary. This mat has no structural strength in itself and must, therefore, be supported by a concrete slab or brick retaining wall of sufficient strength to withstand the hydrostatic head. For example: If the waterproof mat or membrane is to over- come an eight foot head of water the backing wall is built to resist a pressure of 500 pounds per square foot. A membrane used under such condition must be tough, pliable and totally impervious to water or any acids which might be held in solution. Unless it is also elastic so as to expand or contract with the wall serious breaks may occur from temperature changes. GF No. 17 Mop Coating is a heavy bitumen used as a base for building up membrane waterproof courses. It is free from such elements as residium oils, resin, etc., which have no permanent waterproofing value because they become brittle and crack off in contact with water or moisture. GF No. 17 remains elastic at zero and will not run or slide at 110 degrees Fahrenheit. It repels water, ammonia solutions, hydrochloric and sulphuric acids and saturated solutions of sodium chloride. It must be melted before using and applied hot and is most effective over GF No. 16 Foundation Brush Coating which saves the material and aids in bonding. This is particularly true when waterproofing in cold weather. GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt is manufactured for use with GF No. 17 Mop Coating in the type of waterproofing just described. It is a strong, water-repelling felt made up of wool stock with linen and wood fiber to give it great tensile strength. Saturation of GF No. 18 takes place during the process of manufacture so that every fiber is thoroughly covered with the bitumen used. This method of saturation as compared with the simple dipping process leaves the felt pliable and elastic even under high temperature and protects it completely against water, acids and alkalies. Its toughness is also increased by the GF method of saturation in which the waterproofing element penetrates as well as coats the felt. The covering capacity of GF No. 17 Mop Coating applied with GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt varies only with the thickness of the coat. P/O @0ating tare ye ine fe OR teeta eae, AS 26 sq. ft. per gallon NW ZA Catlin Sees Mee ee ce ee coe ee 38 sq. ft. per gallon 29 Specifications for Waterproofing with GF No. 17 Mop Coating and GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt 1. General Conditions: The Waterproofing course to consist of three ply or layers (or as many ply as may be necessary for the particular work in hand) of GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt and four ply or coatings of GF No. 17 Mop Coating, applied hot. This Waterproofing course to be carried across all footings, both interior and exterior, under all floors and partitions, including the side walls and floor, of any and all pits, and up all walls in contact with the ground to grade level. 2. Materials: GF No. 17 Mop Coating and GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt, as manufactured by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, are to be purchased direct from the manufacturers or their authorized Agents, and delivered on the building site in original packages. 3. Preparing Angles: To prevent the danger of breaking the Waterproofing course, Waterproofing shall not be applied to right angle surfaces, such as the junction between floors and walls, before such angles are sloped or coved with cement to form a firm and even bed for the application of the Waterproofing. Before applying the Waterproofing over a right angle corner of brick or concrete masonry, the ena all be chipped off and smoothed up with cement mortar to give a round turn. 4. Applying Waterproofing to Footings and Through Key: After a masonry surface has been thoroughly dried and cleaned of projec- tions and foreign matter, the surface of the footing is to be swabbed with hot GF No. 17. In this is to be embedded Felt of sufficient width to extend 6 inches on either side of the wall line. Continue this alternate swabbing and embed- ding of Felt until the full three ply of Felt and four swabbings of Mop Coating have been laid through this footing and key. 5. Wall Waterproofing: First: The 6-inch lap left on the outside of the wall line is to be turned up and sealed to wall with a swabbing of GF No. 17. Then the Waterproofing is to be applied as hereinafter specified. If either GF No. 15 Trowel Coating or GF No. 16 Foundation Brush Coating are to be used Before the First Mop Coating is Applied: First: After the masonry surface has been thoroughly dried and cleaned of projections and foreign matter, an under coating of GF No. 15 or 16 is to be applied over the. entire surface to be waterproofed. After this coat has set, the surface to the width of one sheet of felt is to be thoroughly swabbed with a good even coat of GF No. 17 applied at such a degree of heat that it does not lump but spreads evenly. Then a layer of GF No. 18 Felt is to be imme- diately embedded in this hot coating and carefully pressed down so that there are no wrinkles or ridges. Then proceed as hereinafter specified with the second swabbing. Where the GF No. 17 Mop Coating is to be Applied Directly to the Surface of the Masonry: First: After the masonry surface has been thoroughly dried and cleaned of projections and foreign matter, the surface to the width of one sheet of felt is to be thoroughly swabbed with a good even coat of GF No. 17 applied at such a degree of heat that it does not lump when it comes in contact with the cold masonry but spreads on smoothly; then a layer of GF No. 18 Felt is to be immediately embedded in this hot coating and carefully pressed down so that there are no wrinkles or ridges. Second: Swab this layer of Felt with a thorough coating of GF No. 17, then lay another thickness of GF No. 18 Felt over the full width of the sheet already placed, and mop this thoroughly with another coating of GF No. 17. 80 | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS e309 Specifications—Continued Third: Lay another layer of GF No. 18 Felt the full width of those already laid and mop with GF No. 17. Fourth: The next layer of Felt is to be lapped over two-thirds of its width over the preceding layers and is to be mopped in the same manner. Fifth: The next layer of Felt is to be lapped over two-thirds of its width over the preceding layer and is to be mopped in the same manner. This method of procedure is to be continued until the whole surface is covered. After the entire surface to be waterproofed has been covered, all flashings and joints made, the entire top surface of the Felt is to receive a thick mop coating of the GF No. 17 applied hot. 6. Application of Four Ply or More: With the exception of the direction of the layers, the preceding instruc- tions for application are to be followed. Where four plies are used, lay two plies and two plies at right angles; where five plies are used, three plies and two plies at right angles; where six plies are used three plies and three plies at right angles. 7. Laying Waterproofing Over Floors: After the concrete underbed has been cleaned, all depressions pointed up with mortar and the same is perfectly dry, the Waterproofing shall be laid as herebefore specified, great care being taken that firm joint is made between this layer and the footing lap left extending on the inside of the wall. 8. Protection of Waterproofing: After the Waterproofing course over the floor or over the side walls has been finished it shall be protected with a 1-inch thick plaster coat of 1:2 cement mortar applied directly over the last swabbing of GF No. 17. A single course of brick may be used to protect the side wall Water- proofing. In case brick is used great care should be taken in laying this brick to be sure that the Waterproofing course is not punctured. If possible, the brick work should be offset one inch from the Waterproofing course and this opening poured full of cement grout. 9. Connecting Waterproofing to Pipes, Conduits, Etc.: All pipes, conduits, etc., passing through the Waterproofing are to have copper flanges extending 8 inches out on floors and 5 inches up on pipes or con- duits. After Waterproofing is installed these flanges are to be placed sticking 8Flonge ues pe aie fo the lis BG Nombre ye Waterprootin 3 Gir Mem TSS Waterproofin s under surfaces of the flanges to the Waterproofing with hot GF No. 17 and then soldering the tops to conduits or pipes. Apply over these flanges three plies of Waterproofing solidly stuck to the flanges, coated and extended 8 inches out on floor Waterproofing. 10. Flanges for Hot Water and Steam Pipes: In the case of hot water or steam pipes the flanges must be of iron and the pipes threaded so that the flanges can be screwed onto the pipes using red lead to render the screw joints watertight. After the flanges have been screwed in place, their lower edges should be waterproofed with three plies of Waterproofing solidly stuck to the flare of the flange and the Waterproofing carried out over the floor at least 8 inches. 31 [THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO [oj seo) Specifications—Continued Waterproofing Against Heavy Pressure in Conjunction with a Drainage System General: Sections 1 to 10 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and ll. Drainage System: Sufficient drainage gutters or hollow tile drains must be installed to lead out all water. The drainage gutters must all lead to a sump pit in which is installed a pump to eject the water drained to this pit. 12. Flashing at Top of Wall: After the wall Waterproofing has been finished up to the desired height, a lap of 4 inches is to be left so that the Waterproofing may be turned back into the wall 4 inches at grade level to prevent water seeping in over the top of the Waterproofing. 13. Permanent Sump Hole: The rim for this permanent sump hole should be furnished with a cast flange or some type of metal flange firmly attached to it by a waterproof joint, so that the membrane Waterproofing may be flashed either side of this projection on the rim to afford a perfectly watertight joint around the sump ole. Waterproofing Against Heavy Pressure without the Installation of a Drainage System General: Sections 1 to 13 are to be carefully followed, and 14. Protecting Wall: Before the protecting wall is laid a 1-inch coat of cement plaster must be applied over the entire course of Waterproofing. In laying the protecting wall, great care is to be taken not to injure the Waterproofing and all joints of the brickwork are to be well filled with mortar, having the latter rather wet and using a shove joint. If it is possible to do so, an opening should be left between the protecting coat of cement mortar and the brickwork into which a thin grout of Portland Cement and sand should be poured. ; zi 20 . eli i WY MN WAL -4° Hollow The = I a ) Gr Membrane Z aS en Walerproofi WG) I 4 Woll y HS: i Ze Sis I GF Membrane I Wolerprooting ; 8 Wa'/ = ¥ Sa el / + ae Concrete \ [ /’Cement T E Ae Wy = = = - I E GF Membrane Earth Fai a ats a I ; Wolerprocting, 7 saa under bed aon ==e2 “%1G.F Membrane I Z eae Waterproofing, : Ve aoe / Concreley pr i [(’Cemenh } =—s I - aS nese Main 2 as == +G F Membrane I aa Fi me Er Wolerproofing, Top-Finish » =e =f «Concrete aoe Sd Cement protection G.F Membrane Waterprooting, Wh 5 Concrete /2 Broken Stone 4 Drain 32 free EELS 6S ——————————— | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS SS————————SE_————— a oesa5 Specifications—Continued Leaky Basement, Boiler Pit or Elevator Pit to be Waterproofed General: Sections 1 to 13 are to be carefully followed, and Method 1 15. Wall Construction: First: Build an outer wall 12 inches thick and 3 feet in height; then set back from the inner face 4 inches and build 8 feet more of wall; then set back again from the inner face 4 inches and build 3 feet more in height. All angles formed by setting back are to be rounded off and coved up with cement mor- tar as herebefore specified, so as not to break the Waterproofing course in making the turns. Second: Then apply a sufficient number of ply of Waterproofing to the inner face of the wall in accordance with section 5, extending it across the full width of the footing on the inside and carrying it out across the full width of the wall at the top. Third: Protect the Waterproofing with a 1-inch plaster coat as herebe- fore specified and build against this a wall of the same height as that already built, with the necessary additional brickwork to bring it to the required thick- ness. Fourth: Bring the lap of the Waterproofing across the top of the wall to the inner edge. Fifth: On top of the wall already built, build an outer wall 12 inches thick, 8 feet in height as before; then step back 4 inches and build 3 feet; step back again 4 inches, and build 8 feet. Sixth: Connect the lap of Waterproofing left at the base of this second wall and extend it up the inner face of the second niece of wall after the angles have been coved and rounded and lap on top as before. Seventh: Then build the additional thickness of wall necessary to resist eure against the Waterproofing and extend the lap across the entire wall. Continue in this manner until the full desired height is reached. (Note: Under the conditions mentioned, a careful computation must be made of the greatest hydrostatic pressure which will be encountered and the wall on the inside of the Waterproofing course must be of sufficient strength to resist the entire pressure of this hydrostatic head.) Method 2 16. Reinforced Bituminous Mat: After sections 1 to 13 have been complied with, the Waterproofing is to be carried up the inner face of walls to grade level and then protected by retain- ing walls of masonry 8 inches in thickness for one-half the height and 4 inches in thickness for the balance of the height of the wall. Waterproofing Around Columns and Under Grillages 17. Waterproofing Course: After the surface to be waterproofed has been prepared in accordance with sections 1 to 4 and 7, and before the grillages are set, the specified number of plies of Waterproofing are to be laid on the bed where these grillages are to set, extending the Waterproofing out over the full size of the column footing. The whole layer of Waterproofing is to be thoroughly protected with 1 inch of mortar. 18. Filling Column Shoes: After the columns are set the shoes are to be filled solid with Portland Cement grout, the rivet heads plastered over even and smooth and the under- bed of floor concrete properly smoothed and graded wth Portland Cement. Then lay the Waterproofing over the floor connecting it to the lap under the grill- ages and extending the Waterproofing up the columns to the desired height panty the floor (which should be at least 12 inches above the highest water evel). 33 ee AGE 9 (THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | ei = = (a) Specifications—Continued 19. Protecting Brickwork: Then build protecting brickwork against the Waterproofing around the column at least 8 inches in thickness for the first 4 feet in height and 4 inches in thickness for the balance. After this work is completed the finish course of concrete may be laid over the entire floor. Waterproofing Around G.F Memb Columns 4'Wall Wolerproofing. : 20. Preparation and Application of Waterproofing: After the underbed of floor concrete is properly graded and smoothed off with Port- land Cement Mortar and the rivet heads are all plastered, the Waterproofing is to be laid over the entire floor ex- tending same up columns to a height of 2 to 5 feet (if necessary to extend higher, system previously mentioned should be used), protecting the same with 1 inch of Mor- tar. Then build 4 inches of brickwork against Waterproof- ing of columns and lay finish ee of concrete over the G.F Membrane Waterproofing, oor. F iS) wy Column Grillage ”° Cement Protection Built-up Roofs Over Concrete, Wood or Flat Tile 21. Concrete Roof: The surface of a concrete roof over which Waterproofing is to be applied should be smoothly graded with Portland Cement Mortar, leaving no depres- sions or rough spots. Over the entire surface lay four plies of GF No. 17 Mop Coating and GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt. This is to be laid in accordance with sections 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7. 22. Wood Roofs: Where Waterproofing is to be laid over wood roofs, the surface of the wood should be covered with a layer of building paper lapped at least 2 inches and every lap nailed with roofing tins and nails 5 feet apart. Then apply Waterproofing in accordance with sections 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7. 23. Tile: In case tile is to be laid over the Waterproofing, a bed of cement mortar not less than 1 inch in thickness waterproofed with GF No. 10 Integral Water- proofing Paste should be laid over the final coating of GF No. 17. Into this the tile should be embedded, bringing them up to a true and even surface. The joints between the tile are to be one-quarter inch in width and filled with Portland Cement Grout waterproofed with GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste. 24: Slag or Gravel: In either case where the finish of the roof is to be of slag or gravel, it is to be applied at the same time as the final coating of GF No. 17. The GF No. 17 to be applied thickly, pushing into it as much as possible of the slag or gravel, in any case not less than 400 pounds of slag or 500 pounds of gravel per square. The gravel or slag, whichever is used, must be perfectly dry. If. necessary, heat it to obtain this result. 34 B > é 'S A) i) wn ° e) = z >) > z 7] ~) > i! ivi ~) wn e) ike) lS Zz o>) 2) O = 7) 10} Ci Zz o WN Specifications— Continued 25. Expansion Joints: If expansion joints are required, they should be not less than 1 inch in width and be filled with GF No. 250 Mastic Cement. Floor Construction of Mills, Garages, Stables, Etc. 26. Wood Floors: If gutters are required wooden boxes are to be constructed at least 2 inches wider and 2 inches deeper than the depth and width of the iron gutters, so that there may be a space for applying the Waterproofing (see sketch). Over the wood under floor lay one ply of GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt, lapping the edges 2 inches and nailing well with flats and nails. Then apply the G.F Membrane Woterprooting Wood Under Floar) (& Sleeper ¢ & Wood Floor _,/ronGutter & Cover DTW ORY OOD SF AMA U2 ea Sree” heey IS e sj — w ics] ) ‘o) ‘e) | Zi Q iO 2 ‘e) G Zz @) s .e) |=) 2) ie) = 1e) Preparation of GF No. 101 for Application 5 First: Cut out the entire top of the can and pour off the vehicle on top into another container to allow for stirring and mixing of the contents. The coating shall be stirred with a stiff paddle gradually returning the liquid poured off until the pigment is evenly and uniformly mixed with the liquid and the contents of the package of an even consistency. Second: It is advisable to add a small proportion of turpentine in the first coat as an aid to penetration. No thinner shall be used for the second or any succeeding coat. Third: If the coating becomes too heavy because of evaporation of the liquid, from continued exposure to the air, it shall be thinned to the original consistency with a small amount of pure spirits of turpentine. Special care shall be taken to cover the package when not in use to avoid, as far as possible, evaporation and eliminate the necessity of thinning. Specifications for Applying GF No. 101 Brick and Cement Coating Exterior Concrete, Brick or Other Masonry Surfaces to be Dampproofed with Coating which Imparts a Color Finish General: 1. Material: GF No. 101 Brick and Cement Coating as manufactured by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio. must be purchased from the manu- facturers direct or from their authorized Agents. The material must be deliv- ered on the site in original packages and applied according to the manufac- turer’s directions. 2. Stirring: The GF No. 101 must be thoroughly stirred before using and during the application often enough to keep the pigments in suspension. Neglect of this precaution will result in an uneven coating which will greatly injure the appearance of the finished work. 3. Preparation of Surface: The surface to receive this coating must be clean, dry and any particles of foreign matter must be removed by wire brushing or scraping before the coat- ing is applied. 4. Preparation of Previously Painted Surfaces: Where it is desired to coat a surface that has been previously painted, this surface must be thoroughly wire brushed so as to remove all loose particles of material adhering to the surface. Then two coats of GF No. 101 may be applied in the manner specified below. 5. Removing Old Paint: Where it is desired to coat a surface that has been previously painted, and to remove this paint before the new coating is applied, the best method is to use a reliable paint and varnish remover with which to do this work. 6. Weather Conditions: Owing to the nature of the material, weather conditions must be consid- ered in treating a surface with GF No. 101. A temperature of from 60 to 80 degrees is most favorable to its application and the material must not be ap- plied when the temperature is below 60 degrees. To get the best results, the material should not be applied when there is an excess of humidity in the at- mosphere. 7. Application: After the surfaces have been prepared, two coats of GF No. 101 of the de- sired color are to be applied in accordance with the conditions specified above. 64 | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS | Specifications—Continued This material is to be put on with a short, stiff bristle paint brush, great care being taken that it is thoroughly brushed into the surface to insure the great- est possible penetration. Two coats of GF No. 101 are necessary to an even colored job. The second coat is to be applied 24 to 48 hours after the application of the first coat and there is to be an interval of 24 to 48 hours between succeeding coats. Tanks or Other Containers to be Waterproofed General: Sections 1 to 7 are to be carefully followed, and 8. Curing: The greatest possible amount of ventilation must be provided to cure the coating. The tank should not be filled with water or the GF No. 101 Coating subjected to any traffic or abuse for at least 3 days from the time of coating if the weather is reasonably dry and clear. In case of damp, muggy weather, a longer time should be allowed before any water is allowed to enter the con- tainer. GF No. 250 Mastic Cement There are a great many uses for waterproof cement such as pointing between copings or flashings and walls, for joints between vault lights, imbedding hip rolls and ridgings, pointing up valleys where close fits are not possible, and around leaky chimneys—in fact, wherever joints or cracks in masonry must be protected against water penetration. The same material can also be used in combination with oak- um for waterproofing joints around door casings, window frames, skylights and dormers; and as a plastic coating easily applied, for concrete roof covering to save the expense of a built-up composition roofing. In any case the cement should be pliable upon application and should set into a strong, watertight joint or coating, but one which will expand or contract readily with the material to which it is ap- plied. GF No. 250 is a plastic waterproof cement which can be easily troweled onto a horizontal or vertical surface and adheres to it per- manently, hardening into a firm, durable coating. It is so consti- tuted that there is no danger of cracking even in zero weather nor of running under severe heat. As asbestos fiber is used as a binder in GF No. 250, it is particularly valuable as a filler for joints and as a covering for concrete roofs. The hair and knife cracks in concrete roof slabs are kept watertight by a coating of GF Mastic Cement. It is applied with a trowel or with a 3” scraper. If a trowel is used, the material is smoothed down with the end of a flat plaster- er’s trowel. It can be used over shingles, tin, canvas, ready roofing slate, tile or concrete, and adheres readily to all. Because GF No. 250 never sets hard, it may catch enough dirt and dust to form a film over the surface. Where for appearance sake, this is undesirable, slag pebbles, crushed brick, marble, gran- ite or colored sand may be rolled into the finished surface to give an artistic treatment. 65 (THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO ose It is furnished in black, brown, red, gray, green and buff. On 4 eae smooth surface a gallon will cover approximately as ollows: AKG ewin ciielic Ss Ree eectot ais Ieeciaia macro clos Ora eTe 26 sq. ft. per gallon DA ath Cems, ek steec Rien ee RE Toe 38 sq. ft. per gallon Specifications for Applying GF No. 250 Mastic Cement 1. Material: GF No. 250 Mastic Cement as manufactured by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, must be purchased direct from the manufac- turers or their authorized Agents. This material must be delivered on the building site in original packages. It must be applied according to the manu- facturer’s directions, without addition or adulteration. Waterproofing Brick, Concrete or Stucco Walls 2. Preparation of Surface: The surface of the concrete, stucco or brick is to be thoroughly wire brushed so as to remove all loose particles, scale, mortar, etc., and leave the surface in a firm and solid condition. All large holes or cracks are to be pointed with cement mortar before any coating is applied. 3. Application: A thorough coating of GF Mastic Cement is to be troweled over the entire surface, great care being taken to see that the backs of any parapet walls are carefully covered. Great care must be taken that the coating is thoroughly troweled in around all window frames to insure a tight joint around all lintels and sills. The coating thus applied should not be less than 1-16 inch thick at any point. Waterproofing the Backs of Parapet Walls General: Sections 1 and 2 are to be carefully followed, and 4. Application: A thorough coating of GF Mastic Cement is to be troweled over the back of parapet walls, great care being taken to see that the joint between cap flashing and the first course of brick above is very carefully filled up. Where there is a concrete parapet, this Mastic Cement should be brought down well under the copper flashing so as to thoroughly fill this joint. This coating should be carried up through and under the coping, whether it be of tile, limestone or concrete. Setting Cap Flashing General: Section 1 to be carefully followed, and 5. Application: Before the cap flashing is set into the brickwork, a coating of GF No. 250 Mastic Cement should be troweled over the entire surface of the brick. After the cap flashing is' set, another covering coat should be troweled over the top of the flashing so as to give a thoroughly filled joint before the cement mortar is applied for setting the upper course of brick. Pointing up Around Window Frames General: Section 1 is to be carefully followed, and 6. Application: Remove the hanging stile from the outside frame of window casing and caulk plumbers’ oakum into the opening, filling the space to within %4 inch of 66 | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS oe30 Specifications—Continued the surface. After the joint has been practically filled with oakum in this manner, GF No. 250: should be troweled in so as to fill the joint flush with the surface. Care is to be taken to see that this material is forced into the open- ing so as to thoroughly fill it and leave no cracks or openings at either side. Considerable pressure is to be used so as to insure a bond of the material to the wood on the one side and cement, tile or brick on the other. Waterproofing Concrete Roofs General: Sections 1, 2 and 3 are to be carefully followed, and 7. Application: A thorough coating of GF No. 250 Mastic Cement is to be troweled over the entire surface of the roof not less than 1-16 inch thick. Great care is to be taken to see that this coating is brought well up under the flashing and also over it in order to insure a tight joint at this point. 8. Gravel or Slag Coating: Either regular roofing slag or small roofing gravel may be rolled into the surface of this coating for protection and texture effect. Not less than 200 pounds of slag or 250 pounds of gravel per 100 square feet is to be used. The gravel or slag, whichever is used, must be perfectly dry. If necessary, heat it to obtain this result. MICHIGAN CENTRAL R. R. STATION, Detroit, Mich—GF No. 145 Used. Architects, Warren & Wetmore, Reed & Stem Ass’n, New York City. Contractors, Geo. A. Fuller Co., New York City. 67 |THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 12} GF No. 145 Crystalrox An altogether dependable method of hardening and dust-proof- ing concrete floors does more than cover the surface with a tough- skin coat—it combines chemically with the cement, making the top layer of the floor hard, impervious and wear-resisting. The hard- ener should be effective on both new and old floors, and should render them non-dusting and proof against water, acids, alkalies, oils, ete. Such a material is GF No. 145 Crystalrox, a liquid chemical floor hardener applicable at small expense to new or used concrete floors, and totally effective in both cases. Crystalrox increases the wear resistance of concrete floors from 30 to 50 per cent, renders them proof against oils, alkalies and dilute acids, and acid gases. All this is accomplished without changing the appearance of the floor. The cement is chemically united into a crystal-hard, fine- textured floor. By the use of Crystalrox the sand and cement are more firmly bonded together and the aggregate, in turn, is held in a tighter and more lasting bond. While even this surface will wear under severe and long continued traffic, it is a simple matter to again apply Crystalrox after a few years and bring the floor back to the same good condition as when first hardened. Crystalrox is also used on marble and limestone exteriors to prevent the stains and discolorations which sometimes appear on these surfaces due to the salts and alkalies in the backing wall mortar. GF No. 145 forms a hard film which is impervious to water and acid gases and strongly resists abrasion. Crystalrox is a thin colorless liquid. A gallon covers 175 to 200 square feet with three coats, keeping the cost for floor harden- ing or for coating exterior walls lower than other methods which will give equally good results. Specifications for Applying GF No. 145 Crystalrox General: 1. Material: GF No. 145 Crystalrox Concentrated Liquid is to be purchased direct from the manufacturers, The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, or their authorized Agents. The material is to be brought to the build- ing site in original packages, and applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions. 2. Preparation of Surface: All surfaces to be treated are to be clean and free from dust or any other foreign matter. 3. Preparation of Material: GF No. 145 is a concentrated solution which should be diluted before using. For all ordinary purposes it is to be applied as follows: First coat: One part GF No. 145 to two parts water. Second coat: One part GF No. 145 to one part water. Third coat: Two parts GF No. 145 to one part water. (Note: If the floor is very porous or dusting very badly, the last coat should not be diluted with water.) 68 ST=ss =] (off aa Jo} TT 10 ae =a Specifications— Continued 4. Application: GF No. 145 may be applied with a brush, sponge, or mop. The mop is the best to use as it spreads the material more evenly, and with less labor for the workman. GF No. 145 must be applied in three coats of the proportions specified above, allowing about 12 hours to elapse between the first two coats, and 24 hours between the second and third coats. 5. Caution: Solutions of GF Crystalrox should be kept in earthenware, fibre pails or the earthenware or wooden kegs the material comes in. GF No. 145 hasa strong corrosive tendency in contact with metal. Don’t let the material touch the eyes or open cuts, and see that open packages are placed so that no one will be tempted to drink from them. To prevent evaporation, have the container tightly covered when not in use. 6. Old Floors: Where floors are old, all the dirt, grit, loose sand, oil, grease, paint, etc., must be scrubbed off. Unless the surface is thoroughly clean, the hardener will not penetrate as it should to get the most satisfactory results. Stainproofing Limestone General: Sections 1, 3, 4 and 5 are to be carefully followed, and 7. Application: The surface of the stone should be clean of all stains and foreign matter, and be perfectly dry before application is commenced. GF No. 145 should be applied in three coats of the proportions above specified, with a sponge, care being taken to get a thorough saturation. Any excess material that is not absorbed at the end of five minutes should be wiped off, as this material has not come in contact with the lime, and will be of no use as a protection to the stone. MORLEY SCHOOL, Detroit, Mich.—Floors_ Dustproofed with GF No. 145. Architects, Malecomson & Higginbotham, Detroit. Contractors, A. J. Smith Construction Co. 69 .—_- SEE [THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO ES SO =o] —— [of seo} WESTERN RESERVE BANK, Warren, Ohio.—Waterproofed with GF No. 10, Steel Coated with GF No. 325, Floors Dustproofed with GF No. 140. Architect, Chas. F. Owsley, Youngstown. Contractors, The Geo. A. Fuller Co., Cleveland, O. 70 | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS } GF No. 140 Concrete Hardener Concrete floors or walks, no matter how carefully laid, will almost invariably dust up heavily when subjected to wear unless some special precaution is taken. This not only results in rapid de- terioration of the floor or sidewalk, but causes a great deal of dam- age from the dust which rises into the atmosphere. Such dust works its way into the most carefully guarded bear- ings of machinery, causing great damage, and has recently been found to be particularly harmful to textiles of all kinds. The most permanent method of preventing this:condition, and the most economical, is to incorporate a hardening element into the surface of the finished floor, using GF No. 140 Concrete Hardener. This is a finely graded mineral powder combined with an oxidizing agent which when brought in contact with the wet surface of the concrete floor, bonds thoroughly with the lime and silica to form a dense, hard coating. The use of GF No. 140 does not in any way alter the method of laying the floor, for it is simply dusted on evenly after the con- crete and cement have been laid. The result is a firm, wear-resist- ing and dust-proof floor. Put up in 100-pound paper lined cloth sacks. Specifications for Applying GF No. 140 Concrete Hardener 1. Material: % GF No. 140 Concrete Hardener is to be that manufactured by The Gen- eral Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, and is to be purchased direct from them or their authorized Agents. The Hardener must be delivered at the building site in original packages, and must be used absolutely in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions, 2. Cement: All cement to be a high grade Portland Cement, meeting satisfactorily the requirements of the standard specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials, and shall preferably be so ground that (80%) will pass a standard (200) mesh sieve. 3. Sand: All sand shall be absolutely free from loam, clay, vegetable or other deleterious organic matter, and uniformly graded from coarse to fine in size. 4. Grit: If it is desirable to use grit this material is to be crushed traprock, gran- ite, or white quartz grit, that will pass a 3-16-inch screen. 5. Mixing: Mix the cement, sand and grit thoroughly together in the manner usually employed when laying an ordinary concrete floor, turning it over at least three times dry. Then add sufficient water to temper the mass to the desired consistency. 6. Drying Coat: For every 100 square feet of surface, take 15 pounds of GF No. 140 and 15 pounds of Portland Cement and mix same thoroughly together dry. (Note: Where floors are to be subjected to excessively hard wear, write The General Fireproofing Company conditions to which the floors are to be subjected, and they will send you a_ special specification for the particular 71 Specifications— Continued type of floor. The proportion given is for floors which are to withstand ordinary wearing conditions.’ 7. Method of Laying: Spread the top finish to the desired thickness (% inch or 1 inch) ruling it off with a straight edge to a smooth and even surface. Work this top finish very thoroughly with a float to remove all bubbles. As soon as the water rises to the surface, spread the mixture of cement and GF No. 140 Concrete Hardener, all ready prepared, as a drying coat over the entire space, using a fine screen (or sieve) and taking great care to leave no bare spots. 8. Finishing: When the floor is ready for finishing, work the surface thoroughly with a wooden float. Tamp the surface down well with the float and rub the floor hardener mixture into it thoroughly. Then finish in the usual manner with a steel trowel. 9. Curing: Twenty-four hours after the floor is finished, it should be wet down and kept wet for a period of six days, either by flushing with water two or three times a day, or the surface may be covered by a layer of sawdust, paper or sand and kept wet. The floor should then only be used for light traffic for a period of 30 days, or until the skin coat of cement, brought to the surface by the action of troweling, is worn away. GF No. 400 Bonding Compound The problem of bonding new concrete to old occurs both in repairing or adding to old concrete, and on new construction where each day’s work must be joined to the next. In applying water- proof cement mortar, also, perfect adhesion is indispensable to effective work and depends upon the solidity of bond. The old surface is prepared for bonding by such mechanical means as scouring, hacking and wire-brushing, but these methods are insufficient alone for they do not always expose the aggregate. The real obstacle to a perfect joint, in any case, is a thin, glassy cement film which forms on the surface of concrete and sets with particles of dust and dirt firmly imbedded in it. To secure a dependable bond this hard film and all foreign substances must be removed from the old surface so that the aggregates are exposed for active union with the new concrete. GF No. 400 is put up in the form of a powerful acid powder to be dissolved in water and applied to the surface of the concrete. It effervesces immediately, removing this film and all foreign mate- rial and exposing the aggregate of the concrete ready for joining with the new material. In preparing GF No. 400 every precaution has been taken to prevent injuring the strength or durability of the concrete to which it is applied. In fact tests show that concrete bonded together in this way and tested to destruction, breaks more quickly at any other point than at the point of joining. GF No. 400 is put up in five-pound jars and packed 12 jars to the case. Two pounds dissolved in one gallon of water will treat from 100 to 150 square feet of concrete, varying according to the porosity of the surface. 72 Specifications for Use of GF No. 400 Bonding Compound 1. Material: The Bonding Compound used for all work shall be GF No. 400, manufac- tured by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, and shall be purchased direct from them or their authorized Agents. It shall be brought to the building site in original packages and applied according to the manu- facturer’s directions. 2. Preparing Surfaces: Surfaces to be treated with the Bonding Compound shall first be roughened thoroughly with a mason’s chipping hammer, then cleaned with a wire brush to remove all loose particles. 3. Mixing Material: In each gallon of water to be used in washing the surface, dissolve 2 pounds of GF No. 400 Bonding Compound. After this has been stirred well, and gone thoroughly into solution, it may be used. 4. Application: Apply a liberal coat of GF No. 400 in solution to the rough surface, using either a broom or an acid brush. Permit this to remain until all effervescence and chemical action have ceased. If the first application does not completely clean the surface and ex- pose all aggregates, apply a second coating in the same manner. 5. Washing: Directly after GF No. 400 has exhausted itself (after chemical action has stopped) wash down the surface by several applications of clear clean water, and if the surface is thoroughly saturated by this means to a point where it will absorb no more water, apply a thin cream of cement and water. Before this cream of cement and water sets, and becomes hard, join on the new con- crete. (Note: If a hose is available for washing down the wall, this affords the best means of cleaning it readily, and also saturating it thoroughly.) GF No. 99 Acidproofing A great many uses and conditions nowadays demand the appli- cation of acidproof coatings. Tanks, containers and vats have to be protected against acids and alkali solution; the concrete or ce- ment floors of dairies must be protected from the disintegrating effect of lactic acid; walls and steel work in industrial plants re- quire a protective coating against acid gases in the atmosphere. And in surgical wards, in fact on any hospital walls, an acidproofing coat is necessary. The problem is to get a coating strong enough to neutralize these outside influences and, at the same time so neutral in itself that it will not destroy the surface to which it is applied. In many cases the acidproofing compound combines with the floor or wall to destroy its own effectiveness. GF No. 99 Acidproofing is a colorless coating, which when applied to a cement, plaster or wood surface, closes it completely against the action of dilute acids or alkali solutions or gases. It is chemically neutral, forming a durable film on the surface to which it adheres, but does not react with it in any way. GF Acidproofing can be applied to either plain or colored walls and floors, rendering 78 3 9 ee [THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO. =—=SSSse oe YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | x ie ST. ELIZABETH’S HOSPITAL, Youngstown, Ohio.—Architect, Chas. F. Owsley, Youngs- town, Ohio. Contractor, Heller Bros., Youngstown, Ohio. Floors throughout painted with GF No. 150 Floor Primer and GF No. 151 Floor Coating. BRETYON HALL APARTMENTS, Columbus, Ohio.—Stairs and Landings Painted with GF No. 150 Floor Primer and GF No. 151 Floor Coating. Architect, Carl H. Mounjoy, Columbus, Ohio. 74 oe ———— TO} = | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS | = <1) the surface impervious to acid and other destructive agencies with- out altering its appearance. After applying GF No. 99 Acidproofing, it is necessary for the tank or surface to cure or dry for 4 days before using. Covering Capacity HITStA COACH Sam aati a cio cre seen 850 sq. ft. per gallon TWO; (COATS te aanisitus es storys Approximately 200 sq. ft. per gallon Specifications for Applying GF No. 99 Acidproofing 1. Material: GF No. 99 Acidproofing, as manufactured by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, is to be purchased direct from the manufactur- ers or their authorized Agents, and is to be delivered on the building site in the original sealed packages. It must be applied as received, without addi- tion or adulteration of any kind, except as directed. 2. Preparation of Surface: Before the GF No. 99 is applied, all surfaces should be carefully pointed and wire brushed so as to remove any loose particles and foreign matter. If there is any grease or dirt present, the surface should be scrubbed with benzine so as to remove this matter and leave the surface in a perfectly clean condition. 3. Application: After the surface has been cleaned of all foreign matter and is absolutely dry, apply not less than 2 coats of GF No. 99, brushing this material in thor- oughly so as to insure the covering of the entire surface and the penetra- tion of the material as far as possible. The more vigorous the use of the brush, the better will be the results ob- tained from this coating. 4. Treating Floors: If the floor surface is very dense and hard, the first coat is to be 50% pure spirits of turpentine and 50% GF No. 99; the second coat is to be 25% pure spirits of turpentine, 75% GF No. 99; and the third coat, straight GF No. 99. (Note: Unless the floor is very dense in surface or texture the spirits of turpentine is to be omitted from the second coating.) 5. Tinted Walls—Protecting After (name walls) are coated with GF No. 101, and that coating has cured 24 hours, apply a thorough coating of GF No. 99, following sections 1 and 38 carefully. 6. Curing: In every case, coatings of GF No. 99 Acidproofing must be allowed to cure or set at least 4 days before subjected to any test or, in the case of a floor, any severe traffic. GF No. 150 Floor Primer and GF No. 151 Floor Coating Wherever a cement or concrete floor is to be given a particular finishing color, it is necessary to prime the surface thoroughly to insure uniform color value throughout. Variations are due to ir- regularities in density which can be remedied only by killing the suction of the cement with a primer which thoroughly fills all the pores. 75 [THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | A coat of No. 150 Floor Primer leaves the entire surface of an even density by filling the surface pores. This forms the proper base for the coloring coat (GF No. 151) or where no particular color effect is required, a second coating of GF No. 150 makes a umes page floor finish which is waterproof and can be easily cleaned. GF No. 151 Floor Coating, applied after priming with GF No. 150, imparts a uniform, dense color to the entire surface. It also protects the floor from oil, grease and water and renders it non- abrasive and non-dusting even under severe wear. Cleaning and scrubbing do not affect the color at all. The combination of GF No. 150 and No. 151 is economical from the side of material cost, for where a priming coat is applied less of the finishing color coating is required. For example: If two coats of GF No. 151 are ordinarily necessary for a satisfactory job, the substitution of GF No. 150 for the first coat will give exactly as good results. GF No. 151 is furnished in eight colors. Color chart showing the various shades furnished on request. Covering Capacity First coat (GF No. 150 Floor Primer) ..150 sq. ft. per gallon First coat (GF No. 151 Floor Coating) ..300 sq. ft. per gallon First coat (GF No. 151 Floor Coating) ..200 sq. ft. per gallon Second hCOate rer rccke mia ces cte ctu enn nerten oe ayo) ahs 300 sq. ft. per gallon Preparation of GF No. 150 and GF No. 151 for Application First: Cut out the entire top of the can and pour off the vehicle on top into another container to allow for stirring and mixing of the contents. The coating shall be stirred with a stiff paddle gradually returning the liquid poured off until the pigment is evenly and uniformly mixed with the liquid and the contents of the package of an even consistency. Second: If the coating becomes too heavy because of evaporation of the liquid, from continued exposure to the air, it shall be thinned to the original consistency with a small amount of pure spirits of turpentine. Special care shall be taken to cover the package when not in use to avoid, as far as possible, evaporation and eliminate the necessity of thinning. Specifications for Applying GF No. 150 Floor Primer and GF No. 151 Floor Coating 1. Material: The Floor Primer is to be GF No. 150, and the Floor Coating GF No. 151 as manufactured by The General Fireproofing Company, of Youngstown, Ohio, and is to be purchased direct from them or their authorized Agents. The material shall be brought to the building site in original and sealed packages and applied without addition or adulteration except as stated in The General Fireproofing Company’s specifications. 76 | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS ae [ooo Specifications— Continued 2. Preparation of Floors: The floors shall be scrubbed clean so as to remove all dust, dirt and loose particles. The surface shall be cleaned of all grease or any other foreign matter. If the floor has been coated with any other paint coating, this shall be removed with paint and varnish remover. If necessary, wire brushes shall be used to clean the surface of scales, mortar or paint. Floors to be coated shall be absolutely dry before any attempt is made to apply the paint. 3. Application: The Floor Primer shall be carefully brushed into all surfaces, using a stiff bristle brush. In no case shall a gallon of GF No. 150 be allowed to cover more than 150 square feet. After the Primer has been allowed to cure at least 24 hours, one or more coats of GF No. 151 Floor Coating shall be applied as specified, care being taken that the coating is thoroughly and evenly brushed out, leaving a uni- form continuous color surface. At least 24 hours, and if any way possible, 48 hours shall be allowed between coats. The floor shall not be walked upon for at least 48 hours after the last coat is applied. To insure this, all doors leading to floors coat- ed shall be locked so that no one may intrude. The floor shall not be subjected to severe traffic for at least a week after the final coat has been put on. GF No. 499 Wall Size and GF No. 500 Interior Wall Coating In the preparation of Interior Wall Coatings two essentials for such materials should govern their manufacture—first, sanitation ; second, decorative effect. The first consideration—sanitation—is in accord with a wide- spread agitation against wall paper and similar coverings, particu- larly for public buildings. Consequently the ingredients used in GF No. 500 Wall Coating have been selected with particular ref- erence to their purity, and their immunity from any element which might propagate or foster germ life. As a result, GF No. 500 typ- ifies the most wholesome form of wall coating, and one which can be readily cleaned with a damp cloth, or washed with soap and water without in any way destroying its fine appearance. From the decorative standpoint, soft, rich tones are most desirable. These effects are obtained by varying the proportions of the different materials and they have been carefully worked out in GF No. 500 Wall Coating. It can be used with equally good results on wood, plaster, cement, stucco or metal, imparting a dense, clear color of uniform value throughout. Before applying GF No. 500, a sizing or priming coat of GF No. 499 Wall Size should be applied. This effectively kills the suction of a plaster wall, insuring an even, non-porous base for the coloring coat. Colors are furnished from stock as follows: White, Light Yellow, Light Sage, Old Ivory, Colonial Yellow, Pea Green, Buff, TT fof ceux [c.) French Ochre, French Gray, Light Delft Blue, Dark Delft Blue, Scarlet Lake. Covering Capacity First “coatig. + sii seen ees cecieer metric reieiere 350 sq. ft. per gallon Second NCOay hanes ere eek role ee ear tetera 400 sq. ft. per gallon TWO COALS Veceseyetroriseenns Approximately 185 sq. ft. per gallon Specifications for Applying GF No. 499 Wall Size and GF No. 500 Interior Wall Coating 1. Material: GF No. 499 Wall Size and GF No. 500 Interior Wall Coating, as manu- factured by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, must be purchased direct from the manufacturers or their authorized Agents. This material must be delivered on the building site in the original packages and must be applied according to the manufacturer’s directions. 2. Condition of Wall: All walls to be coated shall be permitted sufficient time to become per- fectly hard and absolutely dry before the application of any coating. All cracks and depressions shall be filled with Plaster of Paris paste, which shall be allowed to become perfectly hard and dry. 3. Preparation of GF No. 500: First, pour the excess of thin liquid on top of the pigment into a sep- arate can. After thoroughly stirring the heavy material in the bottom of the can, return the original vehicle, at the same time stirring constantly so as to insure the most perfect mixing of the pigments and vehicle. Second: If the material is exposed to the air so long as to become thick and heavy due to evaporation of the volatile material, it shall be thinned with the smallest possible amount of pure spirits of turpentine to restore it to the original consistency. 4. Method of Application: New Walls: All new walls, either smooth or sand finished, which are perfectly dry and have been protected so as to obviate danger of future absorption of moisture or dampness shall be given an even, thorough coating of GF No. 499 Wall Size, to which shall be added GF No. 500, of the color to be used in finishing the wall, in the proportion of one part GF No. 500 to three parts GF No. 499. This coating of GF No. 499 shall be allowed to cure or dry at least 24 hours before additional coats of GF No. 500 are applied. 5. Old Walls: Old walls which have been painted with kalsomine or cold water paint must be thoroughly washed so as to remove all the old mate- rial. If such walls have been sized with a glue sizing, this must also be removed and the wall treated as specified above. If the wall has been previously treated with a varnish sizing, it will not be necessary to apply a coat of GF No. 499. After the GF No. 499 has dried for at least 24 hours, apply the first coat of GF No. 500. It should be flowed on with the best quality of wall brush and smoothed out lightly to give a uniform, even coating. After the first coat has cured or dried for at least 24 hours, apply the second coat just as it comes from the can, being sure to stir it thoroughly before the work is started and frequently thereafter to keep the pigments in perfect suspension. GF No. 300 Shop Coating In the composition of a shop coating for steel there are several strongly disintegrating influences which must be overcome. The first of these is the action of the alkali in cement which comes in contact with the shop coating. It must be especially com- 78 | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS oe08 pounded to retain its waterproofing value, for where cement reaches ordinary oil paints, it soon destroys the oil, leaving only a cracked and ineffective pigment adhering to the metal. The second influence is that of electrolysis, caused by stray electric currents finding their way to the steel through cracks in the coating, which rapidly collect moisture. Unless the film re- mains intact over the whole surface, expanding and contracting with the steel without cracking, it cannot be considered a depend- able coating. TOD HOUSE, Youngstown, Ohio.—Floors Coated with GF No. 151. ATChILect. Ohasw sb. Owsley, Youngstown. Contractor, Heller Bros. GF No. 300 Shop Coating is designed as a priming coat for structural steel. When brushed thoroughly over the entire sur- face it forms a tough, adhesive film impervious to water, acids and alkali, and insulating the steel against electricity. Its co-efficient of expansion has been made exactly the same as that for steel, eliminating any danger of cracking or scaling off upon the expansion and contraction which naturally takes place. In the composition of GF No. 300 the constituents were select- ed also to insure adhesion, and to be strongly rust preventative. The coating while intended as a primer can be used for the finish or decorative coat on steel exposed to the atmosphere. It forms a heavy, lustrous and weatherproof coating. Made in five colors as follows: Black, Gray, Green, Red and Brown. gg 9) OOO ——————————]}-] |THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | EO) ———————— or o EYPStcCOa tieein teen ractoes sil oere eevee rere eRe vonstane 200 sq. ft. per gallon Second costae eickeneid haere elie torrenet1- 200 sq. ft. per gallon MW. Oa NC OAUSH mers ueecuseoe ier each cneumicpeneretons ere er stedote Lonoke 100 sq. ft. per gallon Specifications for Applying GF No. 300 Steel Coating Material: Material designated as Shop Coating for Steel is to be GF No. 300 Shop Coating for Steel as manufactured by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, and is to be purchased direct from them or their author- ized Agents. The material is to be brought on the work in the original pack- ages and applied without addition or adulteration. Cleaning the Steel: All steel before coating shall be carefully wiped to remove all moisture and oil and then wire brushed to remove all loose scale. Application: Apply a coating of GF No. 300, working the compound into all joints and crevices before riveting the parts together. Another coat is to be applied after the steel sides are riveted and before removal from the shop. The removal from the shop is to take place not less than 48 hours after the final coating of GF No. 300 is applied. Field Coating: After erection, all foreign matter that may have attached itself to the steel during transportation and the time it was laying on the job is to be carefully removed, either by wiping or other means. After the steel has been cleaned as above specified, all abraded surfaces are to be retouched with GF No. 300. Then the steel shall receive one heavy coat of GF No. 325 Field Coating for Steel. GF No. 325 Protective Coating (For Structural Steel to be Embedded in Masonry) When structural steel is to be encased in concrete or other masonry, the final protective coating can be a less expensive mate- rial than the shop coat generally applied. If it covers the steel thoroughly, adheres to it in a strong water and alkali-proof film and will expand or contract without cracking the protection will be satisfactory. GF No. 325 is manufactured as a final Protective Coating to be used over a shop coat such as GF No. 300. Its constituent parts are fused together at great heat to prevent disintegration by the lime in cement or cement grout and keep the coating permanently elastic. The resulting protective film is tough, impervious to water and the alkalies present in green masonry and can be depended upon to expand and contract with the steel without cracking. It is also a sufficient insulator to prevent any disintegration by electrolysis. Covering Capacity Wurst LCOnbiee ie Ne he airtel shone Kersastetousnenatcters 200 sa. ft. per gallon Second COAtids cen Me meee neds ie ile rsreloer 200 sq. ft. per gallon TWOmCOAatS meni eee oer: Approximately 100 sq. ft. per gallon 80 | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS Seo j0e == =a Sa sce Specifications for Applying GF No. 325 Protective Coating 1. Material: GF No. 325, manufactured by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngs- town, Ohio, must be purchased from the manufacturers direct or from their authorized Agents and must be delivered on the building site in original and sealed packages and applied without adulteration or addition according to the following instructions: 2. Application: Immediately after erection the steel is to be closely examined to ascertain whether the shop coating has suffered any damage in transportation or erec- tion. If such is the case re-coat such portions as have been damaged, with GF No. 300. After allowing this supplementary coating to become thoroughly dry apply the finishing coat of GF No. 325 Protective Coating for Steel, brushing same evenly and thoroughly so that the surface will be smooth and continuous. 3. Caution: Before the different parts are placed they should be carefully inspected to see that they are all thoroughly covered with coating. GF Portable Steel Garage Painted with GF No. 350 Galvanized Iron Coating. GF No. 350 Galvanized Iron Coating The wide use of galvanized metals in building has created a demand for a paint or coating which can be used successfully on such materials. The chief difficulty in the past has been the lack of proper adhesion, most paints scaling off after a short time. This is due to a grease-like film formed during the galvanizing process. 81 [THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO [o] exc) A coating which does not penetrate this film will soon scale off, while one which destroys the film is injurious to the metal itself. In compounding GF No. 350 the aim has been to overcome this difficulty by combining a strongly adhesive element with one which would penetrate the film without destroying it. This gives the GF coating a firm grip on the iron, zinc or tin and prevents scaling. At the same time there is enough elasticity in GF No. 350 to keep it from cracking upon expansion or contraction of the surface to which it is applied. This coating dries quickly, and sets hard, forming a strong, rust-inhibiting covering with exceptional wearing qualities and of an even color throughout. GF No. 350 Galvanized Iron Coating is used for painting gal- vanized iron, tin or zinc materials, such as gutters and leaders, roofing and siding, etc. As a special precaution it is good practice to paint the under side of roofing and siding thoroughly with GF No. 350 before putting them in place. This is a point often neglected in building which causes a great deal of trouble in later years, for moisture collecting on the under side quickly rusts the unprotected metal. The increased cost is not heavy, as the parts may be coated on the ground before being put in place. The coloring pigment in GF No. 350 is mixed to form a smooth coating which is easily and evenly applied. Colors are carried as follows: White, Black, Red, Brown, Gray, Green. Covering Capacity Birstarcoati mein. eer eras soaerecmeees treremsta 275 sq. ft. per gallon Second hcoat ee wrt n lec ee rrocierert tense 325 sq. ft. per gallon AMitotncor tcl Gens ohana nis 0 Goon OOO-00 0-0 Gh Om: 150 sq. ft. per gallon Specifications for GF No. 350 Galvanized Iron Coating 1. Material: The material designated as Galvanized Iron Coating shall be GF No. 350 Galvanized Iron Coating as manufactured by The General Fireproofing Com- pany, Youngstown, Ohio, and is to he purchased direct from them or their authorized Agents. It must be brought to the building site in original pack- ages and applied without addition or adulteration. 2. Preparing Surfaces: Before any coating is applied the surface of the metal shall be cleaned of all particles of foreign matter, such as mortar, plaster, other kinds of paint, etc., and shall be absolutely dry. 3. Application: After the foregoing conditions have been complied with a thorough cov- ering coat of GF No. 350 (of the desired color) is to be applied with great care. The coating must be thoroughly worked into all seams and joints and around all rivet heads that may be encountered. When the first coat has cured for 24 hours, a second coat (this coat to be of the final color of the surface) shall be applied in the same careful manner. 4. Back Coating: Before erecting, all sheets for roofing, siding, etc., shall be thoroughly coated on the back or unexposed face with 2 coats of GF No. 350 applied in accordance with section 3. 82 | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPO UNDS oes30 Table No. 13 Volume of Plastic Mortar Made from Different Proportions of Cement and Sand Quantities of Materials Per Cubic Yard (Reprinted by permission from Taylor & Thompson’s “Concrete, Plain and Reinforced,” page 230) Vol f C d Plasti Relative ee ”» Materials for 1 cu. yd. Compact Plastic propor- From 1 cu. ft. Cemt. From 1 bbl. Cement Mortar Based on Barrel ot le by 7 B Port. Meee Cont One Based on barrel of 3.5 cu. ft 3.8 cu. ft.t 4 cu. ft #1 82 We Sle eee B 3 Ba ya || ht on | BE 8-5 pol eele eee a eae wie lc cae se ee a memes 1) ee So | @ EB San ae | oo a = Sor (serosa ce eat aor |e cu. ft.cu. ft.|cu. ftlcu. ft./cu. ft. | cu. ft. || bbl. | cu.yd.| bbl. | cu.yd.| bbl. | cu.yd. 1 0 0.93 | 0.86 | 0.80) 3.2 ne 3.2 8.31 8.31 8.31 1 | 1.12} 1.06 | 1.02) 3.9 4.0 4.1 6.92 0.46 6.73 0.47 6.61 0.49 1 1 1.48 | 1.42 | 1.38) 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.22 0.68 5.01 0.71 4.88 0.72 1 14 | 1.84] 1.78 | 1.74] 6.4 6.7 7.0 4.20 0.81 4.00 0.84 3.87 0.86 1 2 POA rel aR hath 8.1 8.4 3.51 0.91 3.32 0.93 3.21 0.95 1 214 | 2.56 | 2.50 | 2.47] 9.0 9.5 9.9 3.01 0.98 2.84 1.00 2.74 1.01 1 3 2.92 | 2.86 | 2.838] 10.2 10.9 10033 2.64 1.03 2.48 1.05 2.39 1.06 1 314 | 3.28 | 3.23 | 3.19) 11.5 12.2 12.8 2.35 1.06 2.20 1.08 2.12 1.10 1 4 3.64 | 3.59 | 3.55] 12.8 13.6 14.2 2.12 1.10 1.98 iusal 1.90 1.13 Note — Variations in the fineness of the sand and the cement, and in consistency of the mortar may affect the values by 10% in either direction. *Cement as packed by manufacturer, sand loose. One cubic yard cement plaster covers: 5¢"thick—63 sq. yds. 7%” thick—45 sq. yds. 114"thick—3114 sq. yds. 34” thick—54 sq. yds. 1” thick—36 sq. yds. 114” thick—27 sq 10% lime added will increase these quantities not more than 5%. Table No. 14 . yds. {Use these columns ordinarily. 134” thick—221 sq. yds. 2” thick—18 sq. yds. Cubic Yards Concrete Required for Beams, Columns and Slabs DPE rows tt COLUMNS SLABS Square Round Cubic Yards of ae for Beams By z as z 3 , 100 ft. Long 2 5 3S ae 5 ape 3 3 * og . ROD ns ee|8 (ese. |22.] 2/22 2 fs | oS leas oe lSeel 8 | os Bs | S| Bobo |S0eps]| +B "ep | Teer ee Ss 3 BA [eos 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |S.8| ss 2s Bll 3s | SSB || A se [8 Inch || Inch |Inch | Inch | Inch |Inch |Inch | Inch | Inch |@A) OH |e Hen!) OF [ere i= Om Ra 412 “515|| .643 : .617|| .772) .926 6" 009 36 .720|| .900| 1.080 | 1.260 he .013 49 28 .6175 | 24 .823]] 1.029] 1.235) 1.440 1.646 8” 016 64 216” .7715 | 30 .926|| 1.157] 1.389] 1 620, 1.852] 2.083 9! 021 81 Be .926 | 36 1,029]} 1.286] 1.543 | 1.801) 2.058] 2.315) 2.572 10”| .026} 100 1.132|| 1.415] 1.697 | 1.981] 2.263) 2.546] 2.829] 3.112 Lhe 03 121 314"| 1.080 | 42 1.235|| 1.543] 1.852 | 2.161) 2.469] 2.778] 3.086) 3.395 | 3.704 12”! 037| 144 || .029 | 113.1 1.337|| 1.672] 2.006 | 2.340] 2.675| 3.009) 3.343] 3.677 | 4.012 13”| .043 | 169 || .084 | 132.7 4” 1.235 | 48 1.440]} 1.801] 2.161 | 2.521] 2.881} 3.241] 3.601) 3.961 | 4.321 14”! .050| 196 || .040 | 153.9 1.543|| 1.929] 2.315 | 2.701) 3.086] 3.472] 3.858) 4.244 | 4.630 15”| .058| 225 || .045 176.7 416"| 1.389 | 54 1.646]| 2.058] 2.468 | 2.881] 3.292}3.704| 4.115) 4.526 | 4.936 16”| .066] 256 || .052 | 201.1 1.749|| 2.186] 2.624] 3.061] 3.498] 3.935| 4.373) 4.810 | 5.247 17”| .074| 239 || .058 227.0 oe 1.543 | 60 1. 852|| 2.315| 2.778! 3.241| 3.704] 4.167} 4.630) 5.093 | 5.555 18” .083 | 324 || .065 | 254.5 1.955|| 2.443] 2.932 | 3.421] 3.909] 4.398] 4.887) 5.376 | 5.864 || 19”| .093 | 361 || .073 283.5 || 544” | 1.698 | 66 2..058]| 2.572] 3.086] 3.601] 4.115) 4.630] 5.144) 5.658 | 6.173 20”| .103| 400] .081 | 314.2 2.161|| 2.701| 3.240] 3.781| 4.321) 4.861] 5.402] 5.941 | 6.482 21”) .113| 441 || .089 | 346.4 6” 1.852 | 72 2,.263|| 2.829] 3.394 | 3.961] 4.526] 5.093) 5.659) 6.224 | 6.790 22"| .124| 484 }| .098 | 380.1 2.366|| 2.958] 3.549 | 4.141] 4.732] 5.324] 5.916] 6.507 | 7.009 23”| 186} 529 || .107 415.5 6144"| 2.006 | 78 2.469|| 3.086] 3.704 | 4.321] 4.938] 5.555| 6.173] 6.790 | 7.408 || 24”) .148| 576 .116 | 452.4 : 2.572\| 3.215] 3.8581 4.501] 5.143] 5.786] 6.429] 7.072 | 7.716 || 25”) .160| 625 || .126 490.9 if 2.161 | 84 2. 674|| 3.343] 4.012 | 4.680] 5.349] 6.018] 6.686] 7.358 | 8.023 || 26”) .174| 676 .1386 | 530.9 \ 2.778|| 3.472| 4.167] 4.861] 5.556] 6.249} 6.944] 7.638 | 8.333 27”| .187| 729 || .147 | 572.6 || 7144” | 2.315 | 90 2.881|| 3.601] 4.321 | 5.041| 5.761] 6.481] 7.202] 7.922 | 8.642 || 28”| 201] 784 .158 | 615.8 8” 2.469 | 96 2.984|| 3.729] 4 475| 5.221| 5.967] 6.713] 7.459] 8.205 | 8.951 || 29”| .216| 841 .170 | 660.5 814"| 2.624 | 102 3 .086|| 3.858] 4.630| 5.401] 6.173] 6.944| 7.716] 8.488 | 9.259 30”| .231} 900 |} .182 | 706.9 of 2.778 | 108 3 189|| 3.987| 4.784| 5.581] 6.379] 7.176] 7.974] 8.770 | 9.568 || 31”| .247! 961 .194 | 754.8 914"| 2.932 | 114 3 .292|| 4.115| 4.938] 5.761] 6.584! 7.407) 8.230] 9.053 | 9.876 || 32”) .263 1024 || .207 | 804.2 || 10” 3.986 | 120 3.395|| 4.244] 5.091] 5.941] 6.790] 7.639] 8.487] 9.336 | 10.18 33”! .280] 1089 |] .220 | 855.3 |] 1014”| 3.241 | 126 3.498]| 4.372] 5.248] 6.122] 6.996] 7.870] 8.745| 9.619 | 10.49 34”) .292] 1156 || .233 | 907.9 |] 11” 3.396 | 122 3.601|| 4.501] 5.401] 6.301] 7.201] 8.101] 9.002) 9.902 | 10.80 35”) .815 | 1225 |) .247 | 962.1 || 1144”| 3.550 | 138 3.704|| 4.630] 5.555 | 6.481] 7.407| 8.333] 9.259) 10.19 | 11.11 36”| .333 | 1296 || .262 | 1017.9 || 12” 3.704 | 144 of —— = [ox — FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHI = Tor: Table No. 16 Quantities of Materials for One Cubic Yard of Rammed Concrete Based on a Barrel of 3.8 Cubic Feet (Reprinted by permission from Taylor & Thompson’s ‘Concrete, Plain and Reinforced,” page 231) (THE GENERAL o Lo} 2 72 ee ‘ MONIMDNRONMHNMOMONDONMO AMOMnOAn SON RNS HHS SRR ERD HOOREENS HOSrMNO ON >SSOSD SSO SOSOSO SSO SOSSCS of Rios HON wrwo oon a mae See Coe ean ees oom of oo ocooocooo onmr —— tl — i — PEN C1909 ODM DOW ADD DMADUBDAOMwe AAT OEHHA DAN TPDBONWHDMAGD §Use these columns for sciene {Use 45 per cent columns for average conditions and for 84 7) - | GOs CHORHH SHS SHH HDNH SSOSALA HAA HRT SSHHRAA NOH HOW OLD Ss sug |g] SS BE ZESR SE SSSR LS SSS SEN HHA RSS SNH SES SES SKS SSS SSS ° >> oon “oo ocooooooc; Onmmooo oon Foo eoeoc oer noo ooo CoCOoOnMmnmoO Con AHOoOOo n Soult ie : : ODO HHH OND OHA THEA ADK 0HMN HDS HMHADBWONHADH OMT AHDANDDAAD alse purg jos Dio a 2H OD CO CDAD SH HOD 69 C9 00 1D HH HOD 6D 09 1919 1D HH HA HOD 09 1919 1D HH HAH 09 O19 LD HH HHH a 3 oP, emda ae -ooocoocoocoococoocoooocooc“ecooooococoocococecoooocococyoe o = 3 S 5 Sm “OD 19DNS DOH HOD HORM DAHA NOM SOHO MEKANODAGOH SHE MODBANSDNDHN : quouep | a | = SIS SER IES SO) COND I GOGD ON Ra) SGOT I) SOC) OOD CE eed SNe AY fe} HOON "MNNAN NANT FHA RATA AANA ANA AAA AAA AAA HANA TD HOONMOCOCOC CSCO Sl AOD es ORS SSS SMS HERA SEM AMD HAMS GHOTDNDHSH SHDHANHD ASD HHS THHOH euojg | SU BRO see eee ts LHHEGRDDHBSCSCH DDG ASSHRDADAGBSOSSHDAGDASBSSSHAHDHASSOSHSS oP” Om = + es © we ew te ee -OOOocooec CSCO mMwRF OCC Ort BOC COCO mrt ROO COCO FnnA HOO Onn AANrYH Bs wee : ODD OM OHH OONMOSOHHAN AR HHOOHN COR ANDER MOHAHROHAEHAN & pueg [3d : SHH 09 OD 1D HHH 09 CD 09 IS SHH H HOD 09 19 1D LH SH HH SH Gio 1 1H HHH HOH 11D H H 1019 5 Ae) a - ‘SoScoo SSO Sooo SoSSoOSOSoSo SoOSOSoO SSO SOSSo SoOSCSoOSSoS SoOSSO SSO SoOSSoO OSS ae Qe tt tt FID NHR RAH OAD AOWM WEA AAANAAHH CHD MAH DADOANM ANH OCOH2AnNA quowleg | 2 SO sss et tt tt PRO IDMOH NSH OSH ONS GHHHD HERDS OHM AANA AHDANTDHOSSHSOBADEKRS s Stare nee ear nee oer 19 6d LOA AANA AN Ben SS RR RH HH On SOOO COSCO Qu0}g JO OUINIOA JO 98v}UIII0g JO SULIT, Ur aeqJOWT_ JO OUINJO A OOD MAS COON Now ID I~ O wo WHO voWOM ANTO oN auojg | 5 : eS mR 22 oO On Sol MH 19ND HM DONTHH WEE DONH OWE DON HOOD CAN CCH OOD ga asooT | Os BeOS ae te a a ee ee ee Ae ee ae eos ae ene ae SIO ance Bee 690d 62 01d ID INAH Asam NAAN NKRKN KR AGDADRAAGDDADGH AHA HHH H6 Hid HON a> ay Se ee ee ee ee et) 5) Eps payoeg | 2 SUES Va NaN ee Ss x NS a a aA a nA wo 9u04 r r\ Ne i r ee! a) rn i) oa = os =) =) 3 $ TAN 69 HID ON BOM AA NA Deseo tH His 09 OH Wiig © coo ti Whe DoS nr isis SrnPwonon wn oon om Renee A AWD NOAA DAA WAAC NAA ANN ER a WSEAS SSS MAN SER AIRE eed eet st st st ost es ed ox pues AAN AANA ANA AAA QAA Aosed 09 000 09 0900 co HH HHH HIDE ep pacting of the concrete may affect the quantities 10 per cen in either {Use 40 per cent columns for gravel or mixed stone and gravel, ‘ *Use 50 per cent columns for broken stone screened to uniform size. Note—Variations in the fineness of the sand and the com direction . broken stone with dust screened out. tifically graded mixtures. L [==] } = Boj Sue ——--- | WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS a TABLE No. 17 Quantities of Materials for One Cubic Yard of Rammed Concrete Based on a Barrel of 4 Cubic Feet (Reprinted by permission from Taylor & Thompson’s ‘Concrete, Plain and Reinforced,” page 232) 30%§ aug | 3 Fel Pec, DWOHAMNDD OCHA TOM DFWODHOAHHRONHTON HHO MAWH DAM OONWAAHE AD Ee Om NHO MOS Hho eujg [So] PR PHAR ASH SSS Smo RNY CON Hh Qe SCH N NS OBS ORE ENS OSSHEN RRS QOORNS SRR a) oo oococonmnmnHoocoqoooocooooocooocoocoocoocoooocOoOSoC COC COCO OCOoCO COCO SCSoSoO SoSoSo 7c) . . : = COM C1900 WIND N SMP IDAO HID OADOONAO HIT AWDO NOCH OMAN BMS NOHO MOG S| pueg [sd 6369 A UAH 69 O8 69 AL ACY XH O08 G2 OAL AHH SH 5909 09 69.09 AI I SH oo 09 SoGD Ga IDA Gt op.e9 63 9 55 = on . . ooocoocooooooecoooooecooocoocoococcococoocoocoocococ“oc“eosnd qwoueg |B | SS SER SSRESS SOM SRS RSI RAT IRA ASS SRA RSS SRE RSS SSS SER SRE RSS BSS a MON MMA DOO SCSCSC CONN Met Arent sno OMA sro SoSeoeSonmnoscoooocoosoososocosoSoS soe ns PID HHSAWAHHAWDAWD TAMA DES MIND OADANAOBDAHOD SOON OMY OAD -OD Dr OD OPO DOD OM OOMDWM DOO PEW OOO DOr Pr-O OMWM DOr FOO DMO pueg | 22 ge conditions and for §Use these columns for scien- the compacting of the concrete may a‘fect the quantities by 10 per cent in either tUse 45 per cent columns for avera = o = 3 i o i= = = OH oH A BQO DIR DOH ATA HAN DIDO AAN MND AONLMNDALALMDRONM OSH HRO 2 quomay | 2 AD ARHA SMSOHSOWDSWHAHAMAMDHHOARDSOOCHHDARHSOCADDHASSCHADBHHR RE SDHKRS ODS Ss ie HANTS AN NRA BRT TRA ARR AAs Ass ssw wOoC Onn RoC ocooocoocoocococcCoo nm Since 5 H19 DOO HOE ANS HSH AMR SHH OME DAHER COHDAGCOANDASMHOHSOSMDH d sug |sd| SSS CO DADOKRWODAROLHHNHSDHBSSKRLRLHDHAAGBSKLRDHDDDBSSDD SKHHSBRBSOSS oe SN Sih scoooocoocoooocoonococoo soon SCO CSCC OSCOHSCSoOSoOSoOSDO OSCO HOO CSCO SCSCSO fo) liar aps tune AK MOOMMTE DAD OOM ONWM ANA ROH HARK CON OND MHANRAHOCOMORN oN pueg joe Shes HOD 63 OSH SH HOD 09 6000 WD HH HOD ed 09 11D SH SHH HDD OD IID HHH HH 1 HHH HHH Her lle} Oe: - SSSI OSS OSS SSS SSS SS SSO OOS SOS SS SSS SSS OSS) SSS) 3 ae) ne DA ID OA HOO O191D WP HH HOD IMA 19D NOH SIND HOH OND HOH MORAN DOD = quomag | ON + W1Q ASN CWO HHH OWH WAT ABH MAT ASSCANTHSSASBHHASORK SSH > ios HmN AN NANN NANT NRA AANA ANA An AAA AAA Onn HAH COCO CCC Cocco CoCS I .) mee ODRIMID EMA LRADOKMD HOD SHR ALRLAN SOM OKRA COHN HH OOH HOH DDS = ag [od | On CY DABSKROHDABSCSOKRHHARDBS SKK DDRHASSSKLHNWOADBABSSSORHASBSSOSSS oh SR] ona SSSCSCSC OSC OFH OCC COOH HOO COO OFF HOC COSCO OHH HOO COHN HOH Sales an : HDIDNTH OND OANADIO ADL DOW HOO HHO DODDADKR ODMH OHOSOADODADS a [Ss pueg | sz : HOD 09 CO1d HHO 09 OND ID HH HO 0 11D IQ WH HHH Hidid OHH AH Hom oa HHS S 3 Ore . SSS oolisic So Sisco sicoorisclolocolceisclcicoiecociooc cicolcsoccoceoo oD AY a) oro RO 19MOOHKR HOM HHH HMOARD AGH DANK NOM DHOHKRMAMDNDHO HOO quoueg | 8 oo oO ASMAMOBK SCHIHHKOHAHHNATHHHDDOATHOOMATHHOSCSRDB DOS HOEK OD 2 Hoa nN ANNAN NAA PAA AAA ANN AAA ANA AAA HAA HRT HOO OHO COC CSCS Pa come: DAASHAAOMNDSONDHAHDANDSLRALR DAODDAANSH SHOAASDASCH OAR THO agg |Sy| =O SW ASH DNA SSH DHA ABSSALD DARBSOSS AHH ASBASSSHDHASSHSS SRL on SSOCHO CSCO HHH COSOSC OF HOO COCO HHH HOO OOO HHH HOO Onn HHH % S ae : OHNO DDH OOH HON HABDBR AH HHO DHNCOORHADNROHANHOHEN HAN Ss pueg js : SHH 09 01D HOH RH 09 09.00 1D DDH SH HOD 09 1D DID SH HHH HA Sig Hi H AHH HOG 6 lod Hioig Dp We baa nla Sooo ooo coc ooooomooooomcseisoomoooc coc coSc Soo coo = or OH D1DD OHH MAN HDD BOM O11] OHH HOM DNDNASDH OND HDDAADS NOD quowag | 15 SH HAD HOO NOW OOD HUW AGH HMO ATH OMAN SODASS ANH NEO ad oO MANAN ANT FANART TAN BRT BRB RAR Ase see RRO OnOCOCoOCCoCCS au0}g JO 9UINJOA Jo asejueoeg JO SUIAT, | BA IWOH NOD N O19 19 OD BON HAH OOH HHO AOA OID ORH BION BOM SNS MHA D9 109009 ONO DWHOANNAR AAA TAOK HHDBKH OH AAD KR OO OAH MOM SHHAHAHHDEKOS SHH AHHH SONSO OAH Bos UL IeJIOJ JO OUINJOA nates SUOS | sis] HONDO HON SCOH DOD OND ONH OHO NHOSHONHAHOCHDONHS DODONHOCHDONSHNDASOONH 283 asooyT | o& BAAN ANNHS OH H FF FAN STF AN NTT AAA NAN NTH AANANM DAN Nc HHH eg -— ce he puss | ss HH HHO DOD DOD DNODONDDNDNDOSO SDSS SSSSCANNANNANANOOS COS OOH aS asoo'T oa Sc co oe oe oe ee oe oe Ee ee ee es cast is) =) c . | payoeg | © a a a a wi Sa a SS Na a a a a a a Cy = auoyg = = SS oS oh. Ske BN le we oS a S ak oS A» AAI OD HID ON HD DOM YAMA ACA NOD ED HID OD OOH Wadia © cddD Hid IDOONM HWY wWiDo ONE women wa oon os Ratchet ee aS = Sea cle or . A ANNAN ARIANA CINE NOAA AAA ANS BS aa : SRRORENSNENON SN ANNO RENCE aS pueg FA NAN ANAN ANNA AANA AANA Aedes op e900 CD ODED OO HH HHH HID is) Q }Use 40 per cent columns for gravel for mixed stone and gravel. *Use 50 per cent columns for broken stone screened to uniform size. broken stone with dust screened out. Note—Variations in the fineness of the sand and tifically graded mixtures, direction. [THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | GF Building Materials Self-Sentering Self-Sentering, as its name implies, is a type of expanded metal for concrete rein- forcing and miscellaneous fireproofing, which is, in itself, a combined reinforcing and centering—a one-piece steel lath and stud, or furring. It is made up of a series of heavy, cold-drawn ribs, 11/16 inch high, always spaced 35% inches center to center, connected by the most efficient form of expanded metal—all cut and drawn from one sheet of metal. Its heavy ribs are cold-drawn, not stamped, increasing their tensile strength from twenty to forty per cent and their elastic limit from sixty to one hundred per cent. Parallel sides give maxi- mum rigidity, and a beaded edge at the joining of the expanded metal fabric stiffens the ribs still further. The connecting fabric is designed on the only true principle of expanded metal reinforcement. The diamond-shaped meshes diffuse strains from concentrated loads, afford effective continuity of the reinforcement, tend to transfer tensile stresses in the steel to com- pression in the concrete, and insure that every ounce of metal is in tension. Note there are no breaks at right angles to the line of stress and no metal is wasted to act as mere connecting members. This same mesh affords a perfect mechanical bond for concrete, and an unbreakable key for plaster or mortar. Self-Sentering finds use in all classes of buildings—for con- crete roofs, floors, side walls, ceilings, partitions, columns and beam protection—such a multitude of uses that it can be fairly classed as a standard for fireproofing reinforcement. Trussit Trussit is a corrugated expanded steel sheet, for reinforcing fireproof walls and partitions. Its chief advantages are that it eliminates entirely the use of permanent studding and permits of the erection of partitions but 2 inches in thickness, space saving and wonderfully rigid; curtain walls the equal of brick or poured concrete at practically half their cost. This material is uniformly expanded in both directions, giving equal strength from either side. It is so interwoven back and forth through the cement or plaster that it is not a mere backing for the wall but an integral part of it. This uniform distribution of the metal also overcomes any tendency toward expansion or contrac- tion in any one general direction, due to changes of temperature, with consequent freedom from expansion cracks. 86 Herringbone Metal Lath This lath is the accepted standard wherever metal lath is used. Its rigidity, giving firm plastering surface and allowing wide spac- ing of studding; its wide sheets; its flat strands, which spread rather than cut the plaster; its perfect key AI —all combine to make a lath that is most LL desirable to the owner, architect or con- tractor. Style “A” Herringbone Metal Lath shown is recommended particularly for ceilings. Its heavier ribs and smaller openings enable this type to safely carry heavy plaster loads required for ceilings. Style “BB’”—Used on most work where metal lath is required. Light yet extremely rigid and strong, making it easy and econom- ical to plaster. Style “AAA”—The ideal general purpose metal lath. It has heavy ribs and wide strands, giving increased rigidity and wide spacing of studs. Equally adaptable for walls and ceilings. GF Expanded Metal An ideal reinforcement for floors, roofs, sidewalks, bridges, sewers, conduits, tanks, reservoirs, retaining walls, etc. Easily handled, quickly placed, insures the maximum of reinforcing strength. GF Steel-Tile GF Corner Bead This bead is so designed that you can get a good thick coat of plaster over the sides and close up to the nose. And there are enough perfor- ations so that the plaster takes hold firmly and isn’t easily GF Steel-Tile floors, consist- ing of light steel forms and con- crete T-beams, are particularly adaptable to schools, hotels, office buildings, apartments, etc., in fact wherever long floor spans are desired. Lighter weight because less material is required, reducing the necessary weight of build- ing walls and foundation as well. This saving and the simple skeleton form work for erecting, make GF Steel-Tile floors very economical. cracked off. GF Corner Bead is ribbed and corrugated to make it stiff and easily handled. Furnished with clip or clipless in 26 and 24 gauge galvanized. The GF building materials described on this page and other products are treated at length in our Fireproofing Hand-Book. A copy will be sent you on request. Index to Waterproofing Materials Page Acidproofing—GE" No. 99, ws 2)... ee oh ee 73 Bonding Compound—GF No. 400.) eee, ot ee 72 Brick and Cement Coatinge—GF-No, 10138 eee eee 62 Colorless: Waterproofing—GF’ No. 1007. «2... 05 pees nee 59 Concrete Hardener—GF No. 140°) “See eee eee (Gr Crystalrox—GF No. 145... 4s: cad eg ae 68 Dampprootng Coating —GE No? 200) 222 oan, eee eee 55 Floor Coating (in colors) —GF No. 151,323 3 ae ee 75 FloorePrimer—G No.150. J ccci. dee: cae ee ee eee 75 Foundation-Brush, Coating —GF No, 16). 32... s:2252eeee nee 48 Galvanized Iron Coating—GE No..35))...42 12. sha) ae eee peel | Integral Waterproofing Paste—GF No. 10...................... 10 Integral Waterproofing Powder—GF No. 11.................... 28 Interior Wall Coating—GF No. 500... 2.4.25 95,5 eee ee vil Mastic: Cement—GE'.No.-250:. 3... Se eon 2. ee ee ee 65 Mop Coating—GF No. 17 a5 03 ae he 3 29 Protective Coating (for steel) GF No. 325................-+4-. 80 Saturated Fabrice—GF No. 21 4... .2 5). -0 ss oe 39 Stainproof Stone Backing—GF No. DO) os i oc ee 54 Steel ‘Coating—GFiNo.300.6.0. 0. . Sige ic elo oe eee eee 79 Trowel:Coatinge— GH NoO.15. esse eee SRR es ea ne ae 51 Wall Size—-GPR No: 4996 ciay os eo ee ee ee ee 77 Waterproof Felt —GF No. 18). 7.2030 tee ee ee Ah Ss ee 29 Methods and Tables Integral: Waterproohng. 22 24.564 2222. . an se eget: eee eget 10 Membrane Waterproofing. @. <.5 $76.0... 5 oe eee 29 Mixture*Tables for Conerete::.... 42. ses oe oka sn 83 Pressure Tables—Concrete Floors and Slabs.............----+-: yA Curtis—Detroit A-326-2 88