-dvdes Dole I IA ERS, oe S _OF ‘THE ole PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN i CANADA S| OENTRAL MTA RE 'VISED TO DATE BY ee REV. PROF. ae DD. = 4 “REV. R. P. MACKAY, B.A. eee he na ‘TORONTO: < | ak ee ieee -Henperson & Co.; 8 AND 10 LOMBARD Sr. e 1890, ees : ‘ €¢ +4 ee * « ee : oe te . ¢e : 2 feo : ‘fe ) imac Mhow. re , j = Te Neemuch ..... eeceecenee “Amkbut aikivncg to Rey. ue ee ae B. AL . M, D.. ae ae Miss | Marion Oliver, M. aS oe ws vacee *Miss Bella Bulens = Rae See ere ew m- Joie Revi jck: Campbell . oes oe igs M2 J ee me BP. UR BA. ; Miss a v. Sindlais. ree Miss eae Grier eats pee Oe MGSS- Rachael Chase, DA A ~ ede Harriet Thomson ey Miss an M. ee setenes ‘Rev. WwW: A Wilson, M. A oon _ *Miss Jessie | Duaeae. ci! Ls ves ie x rad : Miss Catharine Campbell S15 ete R. Woods, M.D ears Rie Miss Leen: Ware sone vies * Miss Margaset oO Pia M. Ba Canadian Presbyterian Mission Fields. CENTRAL INDIA. fields of the world. China and Africa alone equal it in the magnitude of the opportunities it presents for Christian work. Conquest, more- over, is adding steadily to its extent, while the natural increase of the population swells yearly the mass of its unevangelized heathenism. According to Sherring, the census of 1881 gives British India a total population of 254,804,516. Of these, 57,084,008 are in the feudatory - native states, whose rulers govern by. the advice of the British authorities, and 197,815,508 are directly under the Government of England. This, however, does not in- clude the Island of Ceylon, with a population of two and a thalf millions, which, since 1802 has been under a Government distinct from that of British India. The population of the whole of India, including Bur- mah, in 1891, is as follows: pe INDIA ranks among the great Mission VCS ENGI aa esa Oe a OMe 221,113,264 Heudapory, NGia eS Pine iets 66,050,479 Portuguese Settlements.......... 481,467 Brench woettlements Wty Se a 282,923 BITCH Li Seen uot OMG taht aS 287,028,133 The Religions of India in 1891 number as follows: Hindoos, Brahmins, etc......... 207,054,437 Wiese NIMtS ura secu ye eet 57,305,214 2 Christians (Catholics and Eu- TOPCANS )iienisp eels cela einie es inte 2,284,191 Rah a VCR ewe ci aN Pan Co 1,416,109 Sikhs are eae A aa eso naa ah Hewes 1,907,836 Barc hists ey 2st sickens ie ie ssanevatals Ge ileus 7,131,057 POWs ie eM restie a ees deals wae gen ets snc alle 17,180 PRTSCES Ha Miu Pen Ge Beretta ans mite 89,887 BOrests fries ee law cicleee ete hrs 9,302,083 It is understood that about 3,000,000 have been added by conquest, but after making allowance for this, we find that the natural growth of the population of British India during the last decade has been over 30,000,000, an increase equal to the entire population of England and six times greater than the population of the whole Do- minion of Canada. Scattered among this vast heathen and Mohammedan population there were in 1881 only 492,882 Protestant and native Christians, not including 385,708 in Ceylon. The census of:the year 1891 shows a native Christian community of about 900,000. PROGRESS OF MISSIONS. But if in the past’ decade, with all the missionary agencies at work in India, the Christian community has increased only half a million, while the heathen and Mohammedan population has increased over thirty millions, the prospect of evangelizing that land seems almost hopeless. This conclusion, plausible as it looks, is not warranted. Not only is the promise of God, that the heathen shall be given to Christ for His inheritance, sure, but there are already tokens of its approaching ful- filment visible in India. The Christian population, though still small, is gaining steadily at an increasing ratio on the general population. In the decade ending 1861, the increase of the Protestant native Christians was 53 per cent.; in the decade ending 1871 it was 61 per cent., and in the decade ending 1881 it was 86 per cent., while the general..population-grows--about 10.5 in the P aecade. Poe Christianity!) cofttiriue “to gain on the | gue? — QreebthssSaddd Ss ehoahs anand 4 Sram ~ 3 general population as it did from 1871 to 1881, India will in one hundred years be as fully Christianized as Canada is to-day. There is no ground for despair. NATIVE RACES, It has been truly said that ‘‘ India is a continent occupied by nationalities and races more numerous and diverse than those of Europe.” Its inhabitants consti- tute more than a sixth part of the human family, and they are divided into more than fifty races, speaking one hundred and twenty-three distinct languages and dia- lects. The great majority of the people of India are, like ourselves, of the Indo-European or Arayan stock, but there are many millions of people in India speaking various languages and dialects who are descendants of the early inhabitants who occupied the country before the Arayan races took possession of it. The Arayan tribes invaded India from the North-West at least 1,500 B. C. When Moses led the Children of Israel out of Egypt into the Land of Promise, they had already migrated from the table lands of Iran down to the fertile plains of Hindoostan. In blood and language they are akin to the European nations. They are in every way equal to Western nations in keenness of intellect, and there can be no doubt that, were they evangelized and brought under the ennobling influences of the Gospel, they would soon develop a more robust character than they now exhibit, and make themselves felt for good in every part ot Eastern Asia. CLAIMS OF INDIA. As subjects of the Empire to which we belong, the people of India have special claims upon Canadians. The liberty and protection assured to the missionary and his converts in every part of the dominion of our Queen are, moreover, a special encouragement to select India as a field of evangelistic effort. These considerations were strongly felt for some time before ground was broken in this new field by the Canadian Church. 4 In 1870, when the Foreign Mission Committee of the Canada Presbyterian Church consulted the Presbyteries in reference to the field to which the Rev. G. L. Mackay should be sent, it was found that India and China were almost equally acceptable. After careful deliberation China was selected, and the Church has certainly never seen cause to regret the chioice. OUR FIRST MISSIONARIES. Scarcely, however, had work been commenced in Formosa, in 1871, when another movement began which resulted in a mission to India. In the closing months of that year several young ladies in Montreal offered themselves for service in the foreign field. In 1872 the General Assembly expressed its cordial satisfaction with their offer, and it instructed the Foreign Mission Com- mittee to give them all due encouragement in preparing tor their work, to select -a field for them, and to send them forth when matters were considered ripe for that , step. India was chosen for these laborers, because there seemed a more pressing call for female missionaries there than in China. The Zenana system, which is one of the curses India inherits from the Mohammedan conquerers, secludes from the influence of the ordained missionary all the women of the better classes, and renders it impossible to reach them except through the agency of Christian women, who can enter their homes and carry to them the message of life. After pursuing some preparatory studies at Ottawa, Misses Rodger and Fairweather sailed for India in October, 1873. While these ladies received their financial support from the Canadian Church, it was ar- ranged that they should, in the absence of an independent Canadian Mission, labor under the care and supervision of the missionaries of the Presbyterian Board in the United States, who, in the kindest manner, | undertook. the charge and rendered them every assistance in their power, while they, on their part, sought to do as faith- 5 fully the work assigned to them as if they had been regu- lar members of the American Mission staff. In this way they labored at Mynpoorie and afterwards at Rakah, near Futtegurh, for three years, until the Presbyterian Church in Canada opened a Mission of its own. The visiting of Zenanas, the superintendence of Mission schools taught by native Christian women, and the care of an orphanage were among the forms of work which fell to their lot during this earliest stage of their Mis- sion experience. FORWARD MOVEMENT. It was felt in Canada that the time had now come for a forward movement. The Foreign Mission Committee, in their report for 1874-5, called for-an advance, and ex- pressed the hope that the approaching union of the Pres- byterianism of the Dominion would be signalized by the establishment of a distinctively Canadian Mission in India. This hope was realized, and steps were taken after the union to inaugurate, without delay, the new enterprise. The missionaries of the American Presbyterian Church suggested Indore as an unoccupied field, peculiarly suit- able for the commencement of Mission work among the states of Central India. This extensive territory, with a population of eight or ten millions, was then entirely unoccupied by the missionaries of evangelical Churches, and is largely, although not entirely, in the same position still. Upon this important and necessitous field the General Assembly of 1876 decided to enter. Rev. J. M. Douglas, of Cobourg, Ontario, was ac- cepted as the first missionary for Central India, and sailed for his field in the month of October, reaching Bombay on the 22nd December. After conferring with the brethren of the American Presbyterian Mission at Allahabad, he arrived at Indore on the 25th January, 1877, and entered on his work. Misses Rodger and Fair- weather soon after removed to Indore and became mem- bers of the Mission staff. Rev. James Fraser Campbell, 6 who, prior to the union of 1875, had been designated by the Synod of the Maritime Provinces as a Missionary to labor in connection with the Church of Scotland among the English-speaking natives of Madras, was accepted by the General Assembly at the same time as Mr. Douglas. He was authorized, after spending some time in the field to which he was specially designated, to visit Central India, and, if he saw fit, to take part in the work there. He reached India about a week in advance of Mr. Douglas. After spending a few months in Madras he visited Indore, and in July, 1877, he re- moved to Central India and occupied Mhow, a city 14 miles distant from Indore, where a large British garrison is kept. Towards the close of the year the staff was re- inforced by the arrival from Canada of Misses Forester (Mrs. J. F. Campbell) and McGregor. The next addi- tion to the Mission staff was Rev. John Wilkie, M.A., who was ordained at Guelph on the 9th September, 1879, and appointed by the Foreign+ Mission Committee to labor in Indore, where he arrived about the end of — December. The same year Miss Fairweather was per- mitted to return fo Canada on furlough, and ultimately allowed to retire from the service of the Church. She now occupies another sphere of usefulness in India. Internal difficulties had arisen in the Mission, similar to those experienced in many other missions, which led, a little later, to the retirement of two other members of the staff, and caused no small anxiety to the Church at home. In the Apostolic Church even Paul and Barnabas could not always work in harmony, and those most familiar with the inner history of foreign missions, especially in insalubrious climates, are well aware that the experience of the Canadian Mission has had too many parallels. It is often found that excellent men and women who work comfortably with their associates at home, when thrown into new relations, exposed to a trying climate, and called to work in the midst of peculiar social customs, develop, at times, unlooked for peculiarities, which ren- der it somewhat difficult to preserve that unity and 7 brotherly love which are so important among fellow- workers in the same field. And when from any cause dissensions arise they are apt to spread and involve those who originally had no concern in them. This certainly has been the case in Central India, and yet it should be noted of those most concerned in these unfortunate difh- culties, that they appear each to have labored earnestly in their own sphere, and to_have enjoyed a measure of the Divine blessing. Changes made in the staff, and modifications introduced into the management of certain parts of the work, have resulted in lessening the causes of friction, and will, it is hoped, end a state of things which has been a source of painful anxiety. PERSECUTION. At an early stage of the work at Indore, it encoun- tered the hostility of the reigning Maharajah Holkar. That Prince was diescended from a Mahratta leader, who was born a shepherd, but who, by his own talents and courage, some one hundred and fifty years ago, raised himself and his family to princely rank and power. But the fact that he was not of a high caste family placed him much more under the influence of the Brahmins than if the had sprung from a more ancient stock and had held a higher place in the social hierarchy. Two young Brah- mins who, in 1878, were led, under the labors of Mr. Douglas, to embrace Christianity and ask for baptism, were arrested and cast into prison by the Holkar’s au- thority. The feeling aroused by this act of persecution seems to have induced him, after taking security, to set them at liberty. But it was only when they had escaped from the city and fled to Gujaret that it was considered safe to baptize them. When Mr. Wilkie reached Indore, in December, 1879, he was informed that an order had been issued by the Maharajah, forbidding all Christian work, and five months later the only Mission school in the city was forcibly closed by order of the Durbar. It was felt that this was a state of matters which could not 8 be acquiesced in, without the surrender of civil and religious liberty, and Mr. Wilkie and other missionaries took immediate steps to ascertain the attitude of the British authorities and vindicate the right of the mission- ary to preach and of the people to hear the Gospel. Both these rights were assailed. Not only were the mission- aries forbidden to preach on the streets or on public grounds, but when they preached on private grounds . the police were employed to’drive away the people and prevent them from hearing. The Agent Governor-Gen- eral, who resides at Indore, and whiose authority is really paramount, was appealed to, but instead of exerting his potent influence on behalf of freedom, he made no secret of his antagonism. An appeal was then made, with greater success, to the Governor-General, the Marquis of Ripon; and when the Central Government had spoken in decisive tones, the Agent Governor-General found it convenient to change his attitude, and he informed the missionaries that he would “take an early opportunity of pointing out to the Indore Durbar the immunity from molestation which obtains in British India in regard to missionary work.’ This wrought a change for the better; still opposition did not cease. When, however, Lord Dufferin assumed the Government of India, he interested himself in the matter; and in the course of his progress through the country he was able, with his usual skill, by a few words in private to the Holkar, to secure for the missionaries that freedom of action for mwhich they had so nobly contended. The Central Government interferes as little as possible with the internal affairs of the feudatory native states, but it is now well understood that they expect full freedom to be conceded to the mis- sionaries in the orderly prosecution of their work. The ground gained is of vital moment. Should the Agent Governor-General continue unfriendly he can do much to retard the work, but we may hope that he may either change his mind, or may, in due time, be followed by one imbued with the Christian spirit which has distin- guished so many of the statesmen of India. 9g ROYAL FAVOR. Since the return of Mr. Wilkie to Indore, at the close of his recent furlough, the native authorities have mani- fested a very pleasant change of attitude towards the work, which leads us to believe that the present Maha- rajah is guided by an enlightened and friendly spirit, which promises well for the comfort and success of the Mission. The Dowager Maharani, shortly before Mr. Wilkie left for Canada, gave to the Mission, especially for a woman’s hospital, a darge block of land in an ex- cellent location. It was afterwards learned that the court was not likely to convey all the land so liberally given. But after Mr. Wilkie’s return to India other counsels prevailed, and the Maharani’s wish was fully carried out, HOSPITAL. On the 4th of February, 1891, the Prime Minister of the State of Indore, deputed by the Maharajah Holkar, laid the corner stone of the hospital in the presence of a large representative gathering of Hindoos and Euro- peans, and officially conveyed to the Mission the entire grant of land originally designed for them by the Maha- rani. On thie same occasion he presented to Mr. Wilkie for the College the sum of 750 rupees from the Mahara- jah, and an equal amount for medical work. The land granted is sufficient ito allow four and a half acres for the Hospital, and nearly four acres for the College, in process of erection. These liberal gifts and the kind words which accompanied them, are cheering tokens that the people of Indore are beginning to appreciate in some measure the beneficent work of the Mission. The hos- pital so auspiciously begun and completed, presents a very pleasing appearance, and is said to be admirably adapted for the purposes it was intended to serve. It has already proved a great boon to the suffering women of India, who avail themselves of its advantages. 10 BOARDING SCHOOL. A boarding school for girls was completed and occu- pied about the beginning of 1892. There are from 25 to 30 pupils in the school at the present time. Miss Sin- clair, who is Principal, and has proved herself adapted to the work, never loses sight of the fact that whilst impart- ing secular knowledge the chief aim of the school is that the children should know the truth, and that the truth should make them free. Besides daily Bible instruction the girls are taught to sew and do household work. A number of these girls are supported in part by the gen- erosity of private individuals and Mission bands in Can- ada and in part by fees paid by their own parents, who are too poor to bear the whole burden of keeping them in school. The funds for building both these institutions have been supplied by the liberality of the ladies of the W. F.M.S. of the Western Division. MEDICAL MISSIONS. _The practice of medicine has been found in India, as in other foreign fields, a powerful agency in breaking down the prejudices of the heathen and in preparing them to listen with favor to the Gospel message. Rey. J. Wilkie, who had a partial medical training, and several other members of the staff, made use of their skill in medicine at an early stage of the work to alleviate hu- man suffering, and to conciliate the good-will of the heathen. But it was not until Miss Elizabeth Beatty, M.D., was sent out to India, in 1884, that the healing art took the prominent place it now justly holds among the agencies of the Mission. Two years later she was joined by her friend and fellow-student, Miss Marion Oliver, M.D. These ladies made Indore the head- quarters of their work, but other points, especially in the surrounding villages, have been frequently visited. They have found abundant openings for their medical skill among the women of India; and while ministering to the bodies of the suffering and the ‘diseased, they have @ Il not failed to point their patients to the Physician of souls. The women of India are almost entirely deprived of proper medical care. And they have not been slow, to welcome the aid placed within their reach by the medi- cal ladies of the Mission. Caste interposed many bar- riers to the employment and success of Christian doc- tors, but even these barriers ‘have had to yield to the pressure of necessity. And now patients seek the ser- vices of -the medical missionaries in such numbers as frequently to overtax their strength and endanger their health. The Medical wing of the Mission was subsequently imcreased by the addition of Rev. J. Buchanan, M.D., and Miss M. Mackay, M.D. (now Mrs. Buchanan), Miss Margaret McKellar, M.D., Miss W. Grant Fraser, M.D., Miss Agnes Turnbull, M.D., Miss M. O’Hara, M.D., Mr. C. R. Woods, M.D., and Mr. J. J. Thompson, M.D. Medical as well as other Missionaries change their loca- tion as may be determined by the Foreign Mission Com- mittee, according to the exigencies of the work. At the present time Dr. Buchanan labors amongst the Bheels, Miss McKellar and Miss Turnbull in Neemuch, Miss O’Hara in Dhar, and Dr. Woods in Ujjain. Miss Fraser, who: retired from the service in 1896, had charge of the medical work in Mhow during her six years connection with the Mission. Dr. Thompson went to India in 1895, but was compelled to withdraw in the spring of 1897. He was located during his short service in Ujjain, and proved himself to be a man of fine qualities of heart. His forced retirement was to himself as well as to the other members of the staff a great trial, but his afflic- tion was borne with calm and cheerful resignation, until the Master called him to higher service. The gradual growth of confidence on the part of the natives is always encouraging to the Missionaries, and finds frequent illustration. For example, Miss McKel- lar reported, soon after going to Neemuch, that she had to put the medicines on the floor before they would be touched, and the mere mention of a surgical operation 12 would cause the patients to fly from the dispensary. Now many operations are submitted to, and the services of the surgeon as well as of the physician are much in ‘demand. Over 50.000 patients are reported as having received treatment in hospital and dispensary in the year 1897-8, and several hundreds of operations were per- formed. As has been said, when ministering to the body the Missionary seeks to point the patient to the Great Phy- sician, who cleanses the soul. When patients come to the dispensary for treatment, this is not forgotten, but when received into the hospital, the opportunity of con- tinuous instruction during the days or weeks of their stay is taken advantage of, and often results in the salva- tron of a soul for whom Christ died. There are at the present time four hospitals in the Mission, one at each of the following stations: Ujjain, Neemuch, Indore, and Dhar, all except the first under the control of lady mis- sionaries. There are, besides, six dispensaries, to which the afflicted daily come in great numbers for such relief as can be given. During the first years of a Muission’s history many patients are visited in their own homes, but such visits gradually decrease in number, inasmuch as women of all castes learn to come freely not only to the dispensary, but as in-patients into tthe hospital. Thus cruel cus- toms give way before the influences of medical skill and Christian sympathy, and the way is paved for the com- ing of the Kingdom of righteousness anid peace. EDUCATIONAL AND EVANGELISTIC WORK. It has been felt by some that Medical work has been receiving undue prominence, notwithstanding its import- ance, and unlimited scope in India, and consequently the more recent additions to the staff are intended to strengthen the other departments of the service. The following are the present staff engaged in educational, evangelistic, and industrial work: Rev. J. Fraser Camp- bell, D.D., at Rutlam; Rev. John Wilkie and Rev. A. ; 13 P. Ledingham, at Indore; Rev. W. A. Wilson, at Nee- much; Rev. N. H. Russell and Rev. J. Fraser Smith, M.D., at Mhow, and Rev. F. H. Russell at Dhar. Besides these ordained Missionaries, the following ladies are employed in similar work amongst women and children: Miss Sinclair, Miss White, Miss Grier, Miss Thompson, Miss Ptolemy, and Miss Chase, at Indore; Miss Leyden and Miss Calder, at Mhow; Miss Jamie- son and Miss Weir, at Ujjain; and Miss Duncan and Miss Campbell, at Neemuch. Whilst it is universally agreed that evangelistic work— the preaching of the Gospel—is supremely important, yet experience has proved that the school and dispensary are important agencies by which to arrest attention, to win sympathy, and find access for the Word of Life. REMOVALS, During its comparatively short history death and sick- ness have thinned the ranks of the Central India Mission staff and taken away valued laborers when they seemed to be just entering on a-career full of promise. Rev. R. C. Murray was struck down and called suddenly home, ‘when only about two years in India and ready to enter effectively on his life work. His excellent wife was taken away three months earlier, before she had been one year in the field, but not before she had endeared herself to her fellow-workers. Rev. Joseph Builder, B.A., whose fine abilities gave promise of a career of great usefulness, had only a very brief period of service. His health began to fail shortly after he had adequately mastered the lan- guages required, and while he remained, working at his post longer, perhaps, than prudence warranted, hie was compelled after a residence of about four years in India, to return to Canada; and a few months later, when on a visit to North Carolina, in quest of health, he was called away from all earthly service, and entered into his rest. Miss Scott, who went to India in 1889, has had, through ill-health, to abandon her work and return to Canada. 14 Miss Amy Harris who was appointed in 1889, gave promise, as the first Principal of the Girls’ Boarding / -School, of being specially useful, but the Master, in His inscrutable Providence, called her away as she was about prepared to enter upon her work. We quote the follow- ing reference from the report of the Woman’s Foreign Mission Society: ‘‘ Humanly speaking, everything that’ could be done for their suffering sister was done by the members of the Mission staff, both at Neemuch and In- dore. It was decided by her physicians that the only chance of recovery in their estimation was a sea voyage, and the Mission Council determined’to send her home to Canada. Dr. McKellar was appointed to accompany her to London. Before reaching Britain she became un- conscious, and on February 15th the spirit was set at liberty, and ‘absent from the body she was present with the Lord.’ Miss Gordon, of Whitby; Rev. Principal Caven, of Toronto; Rev. Dr. Matthews, and a few other friends, were present whien the body of our beloved sister was laid fo rest in a quiet spot in the City of London.” Dr. Elizabeth Beatty, who was appointed in 1884, was compelled to retire in 1892 on account of failing health, to the great regret of the committee and staff in India. The hope was cherished for some time that she might be able to return to the work she so much loved, but that hope has been abandoned. She, however, enjoys such a measure of health as to enable her to engage in the prac- tise of her profession, which she did in the City of Birant- ford for some years, and afterwards in Parry Sound. Miss Lizzie McWilliams, who was appointed in 1891, has also, to her own bitter disappointment and that of all her associates, been compelled to return on account of the state of her health. She is now at hiome on furlough, and may in the good Providence of God yet render good service, if not in India, in some other more congenial climate. : Miss Rodger, one of the first two who went to India in 1873, labored faithfully until 1891, when she expressed her desire to retire from the work. The Committee re- 15 luctantly accepted her resignation, and recorded their high appreciation of her long and loyal services. Miss Mary Charlotte Dougan and Rev. W. J. Jamie- son have been absent from the Mission for a consider- able time on account of sickness, and it has already been noted that Dr. Thompson was called away after a very brief service. These many changes in a comparatively young Mis- sion, show how trying the climate and other conditions of work in India are, and how much care is -required lest life should be needlessly sacrificed. STATIONS OCCUPIED. Seven important centres of influence have been occu- pied by the Mission: ; (1) INDORE. The first, and, in some respects, the most im- portant of these is Indore, the capital of a state of the same name. Here the Mission commenced its work in January, 1877. The State of Indore has a popu- lation of about 850,000, and the City of Indore 83,000. The Mahratta Prince, Maharajah Holkar, reigns over this principality under British protection. At this capi- tal there is a British cantonment, where the Agent Gov- ernor-General for Central India resides. The Mission premises are within the cantonment, and therefore directly under British law and protection, while the missionaries have easy access to the large population of the city. The -missionary agencies at Indore are quite varied. In addi- tion to the medical work already spoken of, vernacular schools, preaching, Zenana visiting, and district work, and all the usual methods of bringing divine truth before the minds of the heathen, are employed, but in Indore alone does our Mission use Higher Education as an 16 agency to spread the knowledge of divine truth. The / High School and College, under the energetic manage- ment of Rev. John Wilkie as principal, promises to bring under direct Gospel influences a large class of intelligent and vigorous young men, who are eager to secure a superior education. In very unsatisfactory buildings and with defective appliances this work went on from small beginnings until it attained, before Mr. Wilkie left for Canada, on his first furlough, a very gratifying measure - of success. During his visit to Canada, Mr. Wilkie, with the sanction of the General Assembly, succeeded in rais- ing $10,000, which with another $10,000, expected from the Indian Government, would erect a building suitable for College and High School. We can imagine his dis- appointment in finding that the Government was not able to make the expected grant, and that consequently © the building remained for a time unfinished. The first story was completed and proved an invaluabhe acquisi- tion for classes and chiurch services, but the Central Hall of the building—which is so arranged that the surround- ing class rooms can be thrown open when necessary and thus accommodate a large audience—was needed. In the year 1894 Mr. Wilkie’s health having seriously suffered, he came home for a six months’ change—- almost entirely at his own expense—and during his few months in Canada succeeded in securing enough money to complete the building. It is recognized as one of the best college edifices in India, in every way suitable for the work for which it is intended, and yet was erected without any financial aid from the General Foreign Mis- ston Fund. The funds were raised by Mr. Wilkie him- self, and it remains a monument of his personal energy and devotion to the educational work in which he so firmly believes. The great interest that existed amongst the Mangs for a time, and consequently the large numbers seeking admission to the Sabbath and week-day services, made manifest the advantage of having a hall of large dimen- sions, lest from want of accommodation we should fail 17 to gather into the Church as many as at any time a wave of spiritual influence might place within our reach. While Mr. Wilkie was in Canada the college classes were under the able superintendence of the Rev. J. F. Campbell, assisted, in some measure, by the Rev. J. Buchanan. And while the work suffered to some extent by the uncertainty of the policy of the Home Church respecting higher education, Mr. Wilkie stated that when he returned to his field “he found a good staff of teach- ers and the work going on well.” Under Mr. Wilkie’s vigorous administration the High School and College have received high commendation from the Government Inspector, whose annual reports are regularly sent home to the Foreign Mission Com- mittee. | At the present time there are 218 students in the High School and 20 in the College proper. Three students from the College took the degree of B.A. in the Cal- cutta) University last year. Three took the Entrance Examination and-four the first Arts Examination in the same University. It is thus seen that a high standard of education is imparted in the institution. There is a Christian Training Class, in which Christian students are trained for Christian work, and which was attended by nine students last session. There are also Normal Classes, in which students are taught the principles of teaching, a department of great value in India on account of the defective methods that prevail in all native schools. Miss Ptolemy and Miss White, who are themselves Nor- -qmal-trained teachers, conducted these classes, and ren- dered valuable service. Miss Chase, who graduated in the Toronto University with distinction, taught English Literature in the College, thus relieving Mr. Wilkie and enabling him to give more time to the Christian Train- ing Classes. Let it be added that every class in the Institution receives daily instruction in the Bible. Thus a large number of young men are in daily contact with Christian truth who could not be reached in any other way. They cannot leave the College without an intelli- 18 gent knowledge of the historical facts of Christianity, and doubtless many will receive into thle heart Him who is the Truth, and who redeems our lives from destruction. Dr. Oliver is in charge of the Hospital at this sta- tion ,to which reference has been made, and is assisted by Miss Thompson, who graduated as a trained nurse and is thus specially qualified for such work. According to the last report 269 patients had been in the Hospital during the year for an average period of 14% days. Be- sides these 20,113 patients visited the Hospital and re- ceived the attention of the Missionaries. Onily on the Great .Day can it be known how much relief and blessing have been imparted by such ministrations and Christian contact with hearts sad and SuSCEDH Dts of kindly and sympathetic treatment. Miss Sinclair is in charge of the Boarding School, which, according to the last report had an attendance of 29 girls. The event of the last year was the arrival of 48 famine girls, who could not at first be received into the school with the. other girls. Their condition was so pitiable that 20 died, notwithstanding the most careful attention. The remaining 28 so rapidly improved that they were finally received into the school, and give pro- mise of becoming intelligent, and, it is hoped, Christian. workers. Miss Grier, Miss White, Miss Ptolemy, and Miss Chase, besides visiting regularly 48 Zenanas, engage in educational and other varied forms of labor open te earnest Christian ladies who have not a medical training. (2) MHOW. Mlhow, which lies about 14 miles south of Indore, in the dominions of the Maharajah Holkar, is the second station opened by the Central India Mission. When ' Rev. J. F. Campbell removed from Madras, in 1877, he began his labors in this city. Mbhow is a camp town, where a large body of soldiers are kept by the British Government to maintain its authority in Central India. 19 The five or six thousand troops of the garrison, and the usual proportion of camp followers, constitute a large element in the population, which may be reckoned at 27,000. At this station Messrs. Campbell, Builder, Mc- Kelvie, and Buchanan thave successively labored. Rev. Norman H. Russell was for some time the only ordained missionary in this city, and proved himself to be an inde- fatigable worker. In addition to the many engagements connected with church and schools and the training of native helpers, he conducted the chaplaincy services, all of which proved so arduous as to result in serious illness. Mr. Russell’s brother, Mr. F. H. Russell, was then asso- ciated with him, and it was hoped that by mutual coun- sel and support the temptation to overwork would be resisted and the cause greatly prospered by their united efforts. In 1895 a new station was opened at Dhar, to which Mr. F. H. Russell was appointed, leaving the chaplaincy services as well as all other responsibilities in charge oi Mr. N. H. Russell, which the Committee felt to be too great a burden for any one man, however willing and ener- getic he might be. The Rev. J. Frazer Smith, M.D., who lhad been one of the pioneers in Honan, and had passed through the violent persecutions of the early years of that Mission, was compelled to retire through serious illness. Although Dr. Smith’s physical condition did not justify his return to Honan, it was reported by his medical adviser, after careful examination, that he might safely go to India. Dr. Smith was not only a successful physician and faithful missionary, but also a skilful accountant, and it was accordingly agreed to ap- point him Treasurer of the Central India Mission, to reside at Mhow, and at once undertake the chaplaincy : services, which are conducted in the English language. Dr. Smith went to India in 1896 and has since that time successfully rendered this double service to the Mission. The Misses Stockbridge have been faithful fellow- laborers with the missionaries in this field almost from the beginning. They carried on Zenana work in the —eK— Sn ee j 20 city and neighboring villages. They have had marked success in their schools; one in the Bazaar has had an attendance of one hundred pupils, and the school for girls has had more than two hundred on the roll. They have now all leit the Mission. One.is married to Mr. McKelvie and the others are in the ‘service of another Church, but still engaged in the Mission work in which they have had such success. While the influences of a - camp are not favorable to the success of missionary work, the good seed has been widely sown in this field, and there are indications that in the due season we shall reap if we faint not. It was at this station Miss Dr. Fraser did her work whilst connected with the Mission. Since her retire- ment the medical work amongst women there has been discontinued. Miss I. Ross also, who served the Mis- sion for fifteen years, and retired in 1898, did her work chiefly at Mhow. Miss Calder and Miss Leyden remain in charge of a work that is entirely beyond their strength. Besides g Zenanas regularly visited, there are 7 day schools, with an average attendance of 360 girls, under their charge. Both they and the work must suffer unless the staff is considerably strengthened, which it is hoped will be done without much further delay. (3) NEEMUCH. Neemuch is another camp town, which has a popu- lation of 18,000 or 20,000. It is in the State of Gwalior, the largest and most important of the. semi- independent territories of Central India. The Maha- rajah Sindia, who rules in Gwalior, is like the Holkar, a Mahratta prince, and has 3,250,000 subjects. Rev. W..A. Wilson, M.A., who reached India in December, 1884, shortly after his arrival, broke ground at Neemuch, and he and Mrs. Wilson have labored on steadily and earn- estly in that centre for more than. fourteen years. He has received very effective aid in his work from two native catechists, Balaram and Moti Lal. Balaram is a Hin- doo, who was converted to Christianity in connection 21 with our Trinidad Mission, and since his return to India he has been employed in the Central India Mission, and has given much satisfaction. Mr. Wilson has endeavored to utilize all the ordinary agencies for reaching the heathen, except higher education, which, of course, could not be wisely developed in more than one centre in so limited a Mission as that of Central India. While all kinds of work, educational, evangelistic and medical, have been carried on at Neemuch, he has given his time and attention mainly to village and district work. He has travelled extensively through the regions around, and preached the Gospel quite widely in the numberless villages which dot the country, and the people generally have listened attentively to his message. There is a total native Christian community at this station of about 60, 27 of whom are in the full communion of the Church. There are, besides, two out-stations in which work is regularly done. The truth has found a lodgment in many minds, and incidents are occurring in miany parts proving that the labor expended has not been in vain. In the six boys’ schools carried on, with an average attendance of 255, they have confined themselves to pri- mary and intermediate work, which Mr. Wilson regards as the more necessary educational work for the Church ordinarily to undertake. Rev. W. J. Jamieson, who went to India in 1890, and his sister, Miss M. A. Jamieson, who went in 1889, labored here until they were removed to Ujjain, where Miss Jamieson still labors, whilst Mr. Jamieson has been compelled through sickness to with- draw, at least temporarily, from the work. Miss Jessie Duncan, who went to India in 1892, and Miss Catharine Campbell, who went out in 1894, devote themselves to Zenana and educational work, having seven schools, with an average attendance of 238 children, under their care, besides paying regular visits to twenty-five Zenanas. They are abundant in labors, sowing the seed, and the Word will not return void. ; Miss Dr. McKellar and Miss Dr. Turnbull also do their work here, having two dispensaries, and having 22 treated last year over 23,000 cases. They also pay visits to the surrounding villages, giving medical aid as occa- sion offers and telling the story of dying love to such as gather about them for instruction and healing. (4) RUTLAM. Rutlam is an interesting city of 31,000 inhabitants, which Rev. J. F. Campbell has selected as the centre of his missionary activity, It is the capital of a state of the same name, and has the reputation of being unusually clean and attractive for an Indian city. The Rajah of Rutlam is tributary to Sindia, the Maharajah of Gwalior. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have their hands full of work, in which they are assisted by a number of native helpers. It might be helpful in understanding the machinery employed in all the stations to recount the agencies at work in one as an illustration of all. In Rut- lam are the following: 1. Sabbath Service in Hindustani and English. 2. Sabbath Schools—eleven during certain favorable months—with an.attendance of 173. 3. A Teachers’ Class, attended by S. S. Teachers and other Christians. . 4. A Bible Class, atended by nearly all the’ native Christians, held on a week night. 5. A Helpers’ Class, in which Helpers are expected to give a report of the day’s work, discuss interesting cases, and afterwards spend some time in the study of the Word. This class for several months in the year was held on five nights in the week. 6. Evangelistic Services in the districts of the city and surrounding villages, thus: visiting all the villages within five or six miles with more or less regularity. 7. A Friday night service conducted by the Indian brethren themselves. 23 8. A nightly service for servants in the Mission com- pound. 9. House to house visitation by women workers. 10. Y. P.S.C.E. and a weekly meeting for Christian women. 11. A Girls’ School, in which the Scriptures are a large part of the instructions given. 12. A Boys’ School, with an attendance averaging about 20, who also attend Sabbath School. 13. Mr. Campbell publishes a small monthly journal called the Gyan Patrika, of which about 400 copies are printed monthly. He also publishes the Indian Stand- ard, which represents the Indian Presbyterian Alliance, which he entirely controls. 14. Hospital and Dispensary, in which there were last year 5 in-patients and 3,047 out-patients treated. In addition to all this if we add the sale of tracts and . books, and for that purpose visiting railway stations and other public places, we can see the multiplicity of means employed in order to reach the hearts of these people and bring them into subjection to Christ. That our _ missionaries are industriously sowing the seed no one can question, and in due time a rich harvest will be reaped. (5) UJJAIN. This station was visited and something done there early in the thistory of the Central India Mission, but of late greater prominence has been given to it. Ujjain is in the territory of Gwalior, although very much nearer Indore. It has a population of about 33,000, and it is one of the sacred cities of India. No place, perhaps, save Benares ,has, among devout Huindoos, a higher reputation for sanctity. As might be expected, the Brahmins are here a very potent class, and their in- fluence is exerted to oppose Qhristianity. But it is some- 24 times found that fanatical zeal for a false religion is no greater barrier to the Gospel than an easy-going indiffer- ence to all religion. Experience seems to show the peo- ple of Ujjain are not less ready than other Hindoo com- munities to give attention to the missionary. For a time this field was worked from Indore, but the distance was too great for that arrangement to prove satisfactory. Dr. and Mrs. Buchanan in 1893 took up their residence there, and became much interested and encouraged in their work. For the permanent occupation of this field, a bungalow in a healthy locality is essential. Dr. Buch- anan has accordingly built a bungalow on an excellent site outside the city and yet sufficiently near for con- venience. The foundations and first story are of stone in lime, and the partitions of burnt brick in lime. The ceiling is of brick in lime upon iron rails. The upper story as of brick in clay, with plaster outside, and the roof of brick in lime upon rails, with concrete and plaster above. Stone for so suitable and enduring a structure was secured by the purchase of the walls of an unused railway station, and old piers in the river, and thus cost less than the usual brick building, although of better quality. After years of living in such rented houses as could be had within the city the change to a new home on a suitable site must have been very delightful and helpful to our missionaries. Work is carried on by all the different agencies in use in other missions, as indi- cated above. The quality of the work done in the Sun- day Schools at Ujjain is seen in the fact that in the examinations conducted by the Committee on Higher Religious Instruction in Canada, the boys at Ujjain ob- tained two medals and two prizes in addition to diplomas. One prize was also obtained by one of the Christian workers in the Senior Department of the Higher Reli- gious Instruction Course, all of which, in the circum- stances, is exceedingly creditable both to the pupils and their teachers. An interesting circumstance and encouraging to those who have been taking an interest in individual cases, is 25 the fact that a little lame boy, called Herbert, taken charge of by Mr. Builder, and for a time supported by the Kilgour Bros., Toronto, is now himself a successful teacher in the Rhajumpuna School (the tailor section of the city), having thirty boys on the roll and an average attendance of twenty-two. Thus does the seed sown spring up after many days. Both Dr. and Mrs. Buchanan gave: attention to medi- cal work. One room in the new bungalow was used as a female dispensary by Mrs. Buchanan. The dispensary in which Dr. Buchanan did his work for a time was so small and unsuitable as to seriously endanger health, yet the number of patients was very large and. the story of a living Saviour, who was dead, was constantly re- peated to those who were waiting their turn for bodily | healing. Dr. Buchanan erected, in 1893, a Hospital, which was largely done by funds contributed by friends in India and by his father, who lives in Galt, Ontario. The main building is 58 x 38 feet. Down stairs is the main room, in which the patients are gathered for service before giv- ing them medicine. It is also used for church services. Side by side with this is the consulting room and dis- pensary. Then there is the wide verandah, 58 x 12 feet, a capital place for evangelistic meetings, for the people who are afraid to venture inside a building may sit and hear with no chance of being grabbed and forcibly made Christians, which some of them fear. The upstairs is divided into four plain rooms, one used as an operating room and three for wards. There is also a front upper verandah, which if necessary may be used as a ward for eight months in the year, or, in the future, the arches may be filled up and thus be made into several small wards. In May, 1895, Dr. Buchanan | Horny work amongst the lepers in Ujjain. Not having any place in which they could be kept, they were assembled early each day, their o wounds dressed, and the Word of God preached to them. There was some prospect of getting land and building 26 and asylum for them, when Dr. Buchanan was withdrawn from the station and the work discontinued. Thirteen at one time and twenty-four at another time expressed belief in Christ and a determination to follow Him. None of them were baptized, but it is hoped some at least were born of the Spirit. After Dr. Buchanan undertook work amongst the Bheels, Dr. C. R. Woods was placed in charge of the medical work at this station, and is still located there. It was there that Dr. J. J. Thompson rendered his brief but faithful service, and there also Mr. Jamieson served and suffered a long and painful sickness, after which he returned to Canada. Miss Jamieson and Miss Weir are in charge of the work ordinarily done amongst women and children. Miss Jamieson has also interested herself in a small school of blind children—only eight in all—but of pathetic interest. They have read the Gospels of Matthew and John and the Epistle to the Romans, in the raised letters used for the blind. They are also taught to write, and receive oral lessons in arithmetic. The boys learn bas- ket-making, by which they hope by-and-bye to earn enough for their own support. (6) DHAR. ” This is a city of over 18,000 inhabitants, in the State of Dhar, and is situated 33 miles west of Mihow, on a good road leading to Sardarpur. It lies 1,908 feet above the level of the sea, and is surrounded by several arti- ficial lakes. The ruler belongs to an ancient Rajput family, and is in treaty alliance with the British Govern- ment. There are many castes, amongst others the Raj- puts, Kumbis, Bheels, and Bhilalas, with a considerable proportion of Mohammedans. Messrs. N. H. Russell and F. H. Russell, whilst employed in district work, on two successive years visited Dhar, and found large audi- ences, with much interest and attention, amongst the people. To Miss O’Hara, however, belongs the honor e ¢ * ‘ 3 27 of having really established permanent work in Dhar. She arrived on the &th of July, 1895, immediately on the receipt of her appointment by the Foreign Mission Com- mittee. She was fortunate in getting a lease of one-half of the Dak bungalow (a wayside inn) for a few months, which was the only place suitable for residence for any length of time. The Assistant Prime Minister called on the second day after her arrival and gave assurances of the sympathy of the Maharajah and his desire to assist her in every possible way. On the following day she -succeeded in renting for six months a suitable building for dispensary work. Three days later both Ministers called and repeated the Maharajah’s willingness to grant land for building purposes. Mr. F. H. Russell and Dr. Buchanan visited Dhar on the 18th of July and examined sites and obtained definite promises, and on the 21st of August the deed for two excellent sites were in their possession—one for a bungalow and the other for a hos- pital. On the 22nd of August Mr. F. H. Russell arrived and took charge of the work. Thus, within six weeks from the date of the first arrival of the missionary, build- ings were started and every part of the work established. Such speed in finding entrance and laying the foundations of a mission is unusual in mission history, and is a cause for gratitude and encouragement to the missionaries. Mr. F. H. Russell reported last year a Christian com- munity of 70, with 28 on the communion roll. There are also 7 boys’ schools and 2 girl’s schools, with an average attendance of 168. Miss O’Hara, who is still in charge of the medical work, reported last year nearly 12,000 patients, in all, of which 63 were for some time resident in the Hospital. It was at this station Miss Dougan was employed when health. broke and compelled her to return home. (7) AMKHUT. For many years our missionaries were longing for work amongst the aborigines of Central India, but not until October of 1805 was a_ definite start 28 made. In the district in which our Mission is now estab- lished there are about 218,000 Bheels, but if the whole of Central India is taken into account the number is much greater. As is well known, some of the most signal triumphs of the Gospel have been achieved among the aboriginal tribes, and whether it is due to their freedom from caste or the weak hold which their faiths have upon their minds, they seem much more ready to welcome the Gospel than their neighbors of the Aryan races. Dr. Campbell, the Rev. N. H. Russell, and Dr. Buch- anan explored the Bheel country, intending to locate somewhere in the neighborhood of Jhabua. They spent about six weeks acquainting themselves with the people and learning what the attitude of the people was likely to be. The poor natives, amongst whom forced labor is the ordinary course of events, were naturally timid and afraid of the white man. Tihey reasoned thiat if they are so cruelly treated by their own petty officials, they can look for nothing less than absolute slavery when the white man comes. At first they would sell nothing and would not come near the missionary’s tent. By-and-bye, they began to see the difference between selling their goods to honest men who paid for them, and having them taken from them by force. Soon fear vanished, the sick were brought for treatment, magic lantern exhibi- tions of Gospel story were enjoyed in the tent, and they stood in readiness to do any service required of them. The influence of kindness, as we would naturally expect, was instantaneous, but an astonishment to the State. offi- cials, who thought nothing could be done with the Bheels without force. Both Mohammedan and Hindu speak of _ them disdainfully as “monkey people,’ who are incapa- ble of development. It took but a few days. intercourse, however, to prove that they are capable of similar impres- sions and of the same nature with ourselves. Dr. Buchanan, who had been set apart for this work, came to Canada on furlough in the spring of 1896. Mrs. Buchanan was so seriously ill during the year that her life was despaired of. Notwithstanding that trial Dr. 29 Buchanan raised about $5,000 for the erection of build- ings in his new Mission. He returned in the autumn _ of 1897, leaving his family in Canada, and entered imme- diately upon the Bheel work, having, finally decided to settle at Amkhut, which he describes as “this wildest of the Bheel jungles.” He determined that from the outset all operations should be so conducted as to be contribut- ing agencies to the preaching of the Gospel. In accord- ance with that principle, it was not possible to employ any Hindu or Mohammedan contractor for the erection of buildings, and as no Christian contractors were avail- able, he had to become master brick-maker, master mason, master.carpenter, master stone-dresser, etc., him- self. At first it was difficult to find workmen. His first contingent consisted of four boys, about ten years of age, but as soon as it was known that the workmen were paid at the close of each day, the supply became greater than the demand. As the staff increased it was found that the burden of paying at the close of each day was too great, and he payed only at the end of the second day. This was a trial of faith) that increased con- fidence, which was strengthened when pay-day came only once a week. When in addition to this medical aid was experienced at the doctor’s hands, the poor Bheels began to appreciate the possibilities of human sympathy and to get ia foretaste of the Gospel of Christ, and the mis- ‘sionary began to see that he had to do with men capable of all the higher developments of Christian life. This interesting work is yet in its infancy, but gives promise of fruitfulness as in other parts and amongst other tribes of aborigines. These seven fields are connected with each other by railroad, and the distance from Mhow in the south to Neemuch jin the north, is not much over 160 miles. Other missionary bodies have recently come into certain parts of Central India, and are aiding in the great work which there requires to be done, but there still remains to the Presbyterian Church of Canada a densely peopled 30 district, 160 miles square. In this region there is a large number of cities of considerable importance, which should have missionaries stationed at them without delay. Mr. Wilson thinks that Dewas, Ioara, Shahjehanpur, Mand- saur, Rampoora, and Sitamau are among the important Mission centres- which the Canadian Church should occupy immediately. FAMINE CHILDREN. The year 1897 will be memorable in the history of India as a year of famine, plague, war, and earthquake. Our Mission was touched directly only by the famine, and that only in so far as they under- took the care of children who otherwise would have per- ished. In all about 250 children were received. and dis- tributed amongst the different stations. When received many were in a pitiful condition, and the missionaries had to fight with death for the possession of almost each of them. Diarrhoea, dysentery, scurvy, gangrene, small- pox, measles, pneumonia, phithisis, and other ills pre- vailed and taxed the missionaries to the utmost. The plaintive cries for food in quantities that would prove fatal if granted were hard to bear, and some left the Missions because they were not allowed all the food they craved. Many died in spite of every care, but a large number remain, now comparatively healthy children, who will, at is believed, become instruments of blessing to others. When they were being gathered the prayer of the missionaries was that such should be sent as the Lord would accept as His own. LANGUAGES. In Central India only about five per cent. of the population are Mohammedans. . The great mass of the people are Hindoos, a circumstance which is rather favorable to missionary success, as no part of the population of India are more bitterly opposed to Chris- tianity or less accessible to its influences than the Ma- hommedans. Among the polyglot races of India there a ee ne ee ig Se ee eee ee 31 is no language so widely spoken as the Hindi. The mis- sionary who speaks it has access to nearly 100,000,000 of the population of India. And Hindi, in a somewhat rustic form, is the language spoken by the mass of the people in Central India. Even in Gwalior and Indore, where the reigning families are Mahratta, and their do- minions are frequently spoken of as the Mahratta States, the Mahratti language, while spoken in Court and in towns, and used by. many of the better classes, is not understood in the villages and country districts by the masses. Urdu or Hindostani is spoken by the Mahom- medans, and used somewhat extensively in the camp towns and by the cultivated people generally throughout India, but Hindi may be regarded as the chief language of the people. HIGHER EDUCATION. The extent to which fhigher education should be used as a missionary agency in India was some- what carefully discussed by the Foreign Mission Committee some four years ago. It was considered important to have a definite policy on the question. It is well known that there is a strong desire among the Hin- doos for an English education, and they flock to insti- tutions where it can be procured. They value it, not merely for the knowledge and mental discipline which it brings, but for the positions of honor and emolument under the Government to which it opens the way. In missionary circles very opposite views have been entertained respecting the place of education. Some re- gard it as a grand primary agency, at least in India, for reaching the mass ‘of the people. They would educate in order to Christianize, or at least to secure suitable agents for evangelization. Others, again, would preach the Gospel to the heathen, and leave the work of educa- tion until a Christian community thas been gathered, requiring education for its children, or for the training of its adult members for Christian service. The policy 32 adopted by the Committee may be regarded as inter- mediate between these views. It was felt that where a missionary has an opportunity of teaching the Bible for an hour, or half an hour, daily, to two or three hundred of the most intelligent youth of the country, in the most plastic period of their life, it is a rare chance of preach- ing the Gospel, under the most favorable conditions, which no church could wisely throw away. It was felt, on the other hand, that as only a small proportion of the population can enter the higher institutions of learning, the mass of the people must be reached by the ordinary preaching of the Gospel and modes of teaching which come within the range of all. On one point there was entire harmony of opinion; it was felt by all that what- ever work is done by our missionary agents, whether educational or medical, should’ be pervaded by the mis- sionary spirit, and made subsidiary to winning souls for Christ. It was, therefore, decided to continue the High School and College at Indore, and place them under the care of Rev. John Wilkie, M.A. But while the work of higher education, under thoroughly Christian influences, will be maintained in reasonable efficiency, it is not in- tended td’ multiply such institutions, or to develop the College at Indore so as to overshadow and supersede other branches of the work; and, above all, it is not meant to take the place of the preaching of the Gospel as the ordinary means of evangelizing the heathen. It is de- signed that the preaching and teaching shall go hand in hand, so that all classes may, as far as possible, be reached by the agencies of the Mission, and led to Christ. There seems no reason why the higher education should not give inceased efficiency to every department of the Mission. It is hoped that with God’s blessing not only will the College at Indore be the means of influenc- ing many of the most gifted young men of India in favor of Christianity, but that it will raise up and train many able and consecrated native agents to carry the Gospel to their countrymen.