iis ‘ =: MODERN GREENHOUSE CONSTRUC so eee AUSSI CMS -HITCHINGS & C 233 MERCER. STREET, | | NEW YORK. oo & CO., HORTICULTURAL ARCHITECTS and BUILDERS. COMER ClLALE ROSE AND» GREEN HOUSES CO oP ho LORIE S, PAEM HOUSES, VINERIES, - Etc. STRUCTURAL [RON WorK FOR HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS. Pe Ono NCE FRAMES. FOR SLAEE. OR--TILESTOPRS, EDWARD W. HITCHINGS, PRESIDENT CHARLES ARMITAGE, TREASURER. THOMAS KING, SECRETARY. No. 233 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK. FOUNDRIES AND CONSTRUCTION SHOPS Occupy block bounded by Garfield and Randolph Avenues, Union Street and C. R. R. of N. J., Jersey City. GREENHOUSE HEATING AND VENTILATING CATAL OGUE ON APPLICATI ON. ESTIMATES OF COST, SKETCHES AND INFORMATION FURNISHED. In writing for estimates state the probable dimensions of the structure or structures to be erected, the location of same, and general grade of the land, also the purposes for which they are intended, whether for Conservatory, Palm, Rose or General Green House, and whether for Commercial or Private use. If Graperies, state whether for early or late crops. On receipt of above information, we will be pleased to furnish estimates of cost for the structure complete, ready for planting, or for the Structural Iron Work, Heating and Ventilating Apparatus, shipped ready for erection, with plans, details and full instructions to enable the local mechanics to erect same. HE increasing demand for flowers and foliage plants of a higher grade than have been produced in the past, creates the necessity for a corresponding change and improvement in the construction and durability of the glass structures devoted to their production. It is not many years since that the first consideration in the building of such structures was the cost: and the durability, lightness and adaptability to the purpose in view were secondary matters. The average greenhouse was constructed with heavy wooden rafters and purlins, and with sash bars only eight or ten inches apart, thus greatly obstructing the direct rays of the sun, which are so vitally necessary to the perfect development of plants and bloom in general. But improvements have been made from time to time, until to-day we are using iron rafters one-half by three inches, with steel angle purlins, and narrow wooden glazing bars, spaced for glass sixteen inches wide, thus allowing an almost unobstructed passage of the sun’s rays ; posts, columns, gutters and sills are also of iron, thus adding greatly to the durability and strength of the structure. The cuts on the following pages show clearly the construction and arrangement of our Standard Iron Frame Houses, and are well worthy of the closest consideration by all interested in Greenhouse or Conservatory building. On page 6 is shown a section of a three-quarter span house. This class of house is intended more especially for roses, and is built with the long sloping roof facing the south, in order to secure the best results from the average winter sun ; this house is shown with wood sides (so con- structed with a view of economy in first cost) and is such as is used universally by the commercial grower. On page 7 we show a three-quarter span commercial rose house, as described above, with the addition of a lean-to propagating house on the north side; this small house also serves well for a fern house or a cool orchid house. The cut on page 8 is similar to that on page 6, but with brick foundations, and is better adapted for private estates. On page 9 we show a section of an even-span hoase, with wood sides, which is usually built with its length extending north and south. This style of house is well adapted for general greenhouse purposes, and its benches are all easily reached from the ground level, On page 10 we show the arrangement of an even-span house known to the trade as ‘‘ Ridge and Furrow.’’ The object of this arrangement is to economize space, cost of construction and working expenses. Such houses are placed with their length running north and south, and in this position, in consequence of the exceeding light construction of the roof, receive full benefit of the sun's rays. A great objection to such an arrange- ment has been heretofore the fact that snow would accumulate in the furrow between the roofs, and cause damage to the houses ; this objection is, however, entirely overcome by the use of our NoN-FREEZABLE Cast-IRON GUTTERS, by which sufficient warmth is radiated to melt such snow as may fallin them. These gutters are g inches wide, and a workman can easily walk through them to make any desired repairs to the roof. The cut on page 11 shows a similar house to that on page 10, but with brick foundations. The cement tank shown in this cut is a very desir- able feature in a greenhouse, providing a storage for water at nearly the same temperature as that of the house, which is an absolute necessity for the successful growth of most greenhouse plants. On page 12 is shown a section of an even-span greenhouse, with the addition of a straight lantern, which adds materially to the outward appearance. The Cold Frame or Hot Bed shown on the side of this house is a valuable addition, being eminently suited for the growth of violets, vegetables, lettuce, etc., and is also very useful for the hardening of bedding plants in early spring. 4 HITCHINGS & CO., The cut on page 13 shows a section of a Curvilinear Palm House, with curvilinear lantern. Such houses are made of all heights, from 18 to 75 feet. Houses of this description require such a large number of heating pipes to produce the desired warmth, that, in order to more evenly distribute the heating surface, it is advisable to place a portion of them in trenches below the walk, and cover them by strong, neat, cast-iron gratings. ‘These gratings have two good points—firstly, they allow a free circulation of the warm air; and, secondly, they always afford a clean, dry walk. ' The cut on page 14 is similar to that on page g, but with brick foundation walls. The cut on page 15 shows an even-span curvilinear house on brick foundations. The cut on page 16 shows a three-quarter span curvilinear house on brick foundations. On page 17 we show a section of a lean-to Grapery or Fruit House. The front or south wall of such a house may be built on piers, spanned by iron I beams, which allow the roots to spread outside. We also build Graperies and Fruit Houses of even-span construction, about 25 feet in width, so that vines or trees may be planted on both sides of house. On page 18 is a section of a three-quarter span commercial sash bar house. On page Ig is a section of an even-span commercial sash bar house. The upper cut on page 20 shows a very useful house for private estates, being of the Standard Iron Frame construction, on brick foundations. The width of such a house is usually about to feet, giving ample bench room on each side, with a central pathway. This house is well suited for lettuce, cucumbers and vegetables, also for bedding stock and violets. The lower cut shows a similar house with wood sides and no gutters, of portable construction with iron frame attached to wood sills. On page 21 are shown details of our improved Iron Bench Frames, as arranged for drainage tile, or other bottoms. Benches constructed in this manner are practically indestructible, and are of an unexceptionably neat appearance. They may be easily arranged for any style of new or old houses, and readily set up by any ordinary mechanic. On page 22 we show a longitudinal section of our Standard Iron Roof Frame between rafters, showing the relationship between rafters, pur- lins, glazing bars and glass; also a cut of our cast-iron floor grating, as used over trenches in which heating pipes pass under walks, or as used for walks in graperies, etc. This pattern is sufficiently open to allow of a free circulation of air, and of ample strength to sustain any weight which would be brought to bear upon it. It is cast of any width to order, with such flanges on its edges as are requisite for its support. We also show on this page our standard pattern of greenhouse cresting. This cresting is made of several heights, from 5 inches up, with suitable finials. We also make other special patterns for large palm houses, etc. On page 23 we show iron columns as used for support of either the rafters, purlins or ridge of the greenhouse. We make a varied assortment of fixed and swivel caps suitable for any style of roof construction. For the base of rafter or purlin columns we show our improved anchor base. . These bases are so arranged that they can be buried or anchored in the ground to prevent sudden wind storms from raising the roof, and also so that the columns may be easily screwed in or out of the cap in order to line up the roof at pleasure. In commercial greenhouses we show the cast iron post bases (set two and one-half feet below the surface of the ground to avoid displacement by frost, and about six inches above) to which are securely bolted the one-half inch flat iron combined post and rafters, bent at the eaves line to the pitch of the roof. By this means we prevent the rapid corrosion which takes place when wrought iron is brought in contact with the, earth. The rafters are connected to each other at the ridge by means of tie rods and cast iron brackets which also carry the ridge. 233 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK. 5 The purlins are of steel angles of special proportions giving maximum strength and minimum shade. They are fastened to the rafters by malleable knees to which they are securely bolted. They also support the wood glazing bars which are held in place by wood screws. The gutters are of cast iron and so fastened together and connected with the posts as to allow amply for the expansion and contraction due to the variations of temperature, and are so arranged that a sufficient portion of their surface is exposed to the inner warmth of the house to prevent their becoming clogged with frozen water or snow. This is a feature that cannot be claimed for any other gutter. Particular attention is called to the number of purlins uscd in our construction for the longitudinal bracing of the iron frame ; in addition to the usual four lines of angle-iron roof purlins, we furnish, in all standard commercial houses, two on each side, one of which is at the eaves and one just below the sill line ; this latter also acts as a back support for the benches. In houses where this feature is omitted, the longitudinal stability of the structure has to depend upon the wood work, and is lost when this becomes defective from decay or other reasons. The cast-iron sills capping the foundations of brick wall houses are of great strength, and are cast in lengths up to nine feet, six inches, with such mitre or tee joint as may be necessary cast on them, thus avoiding the uneven appearance and lack of rigidity which is often seen where these features are not carried out. It will readily be seen from the above description, that houses of this construction are of great strength and durability, as the most destructible features: of the ordinary wooden house are replaced with iron. They are of simple construction and easily erected, the iron frame being complete and fitted ready to be bolted together, before leaving our factory. The ridge, wood glazing bars, ventilating sash and sides are easily attached to the iron frame after erection, and can be readily replaced in future years without disturbing the structure. 6 HITCHINGS & CO., Ho A =< SLES BIBS SELES SS _—_—|— ; } y | A A HY [SSSA SSS SST SSS SUTETIITT N N f Ny ‘55 Sead \ [fesse esse) N a aN —— AL | Q) : 1: sp SSIES SSSA = LE LI EDEL SON PILLS PAOLO IPL Oe ( \ NY 9) pecans te) PY i igh . ean / NV) Niece hy) = See ) aN) ; | y. : : \ ) M nH op0 9 i Ly js Bl tes eed E : a ea ) pal 5 Lu pal e pat iN T POTS [iw] Lip is el VT. ma l* | Wf MY YEE ip WOULD GA Mw GH) wy ae 4 late?! 8 Tse tnt aah Vy sccm 777 MMMirp “pe WU TOME Uf my , ug2) iw + ro h Va me 7) aN >] Section of a Standard Three-quarter Span COMMERCIAL ROosE House (18 to 20 feet wide), with Posts, Rafters, Brackets, Purlins, Columns, all of Iron, Patent Sash-operating Apparatus. Iron Bench Frames, Cypress Bottoms and Sides. 233 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK. T —/ Ta Sy nip “op & ANS THIS CONSTRUCTION PATENTED MARCH 22, 1892. Section of our Standard Three-quarter Span CoMMERCIAL RosE HousE (18 to 20 feet wide), with Lean-to Propagating House (6 feet wide) on north Side, with Posts, Rafters, Brackets, Columns, Purlins and Non-Freezable Gutters, all of iron. 8 HITCHINGS & CO., if (ES 7 i Mh a TE, ig eI : : ee 2 BE SFR PRO b" GMB MG Cee GAG g YL. PLY Yi) ; Yip hh. YYZ Ain eu ae Tn TEs ; és ; Z 5, 4 Vig le i ale 2 Fo Z pa A 4 ng a (TT Ann OM Min y “4 a eee CONSTRUCTION PATENTED MARCH 22, 1892. Section of our Standard Three-quarter Span Rose House on Brick Foundations (18 to 20 feet wide), with Sills, Posts, Rafters, Brackets, Columns, Purlins and Non-Freezable Gutters, all of Iron, also Patent Sash-operating Apparatus. 233 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK. Ze S Jo SS OY S 7 ~ 7 S S J SS q @ ©) q LAOS SSS = i IN SS eS Se ——— W \ \ u Z \, A |e “i TEE a ROE: lll ] yr; i, Se Sea Sar PS Tv. coy] MN Ty \ y) mmm mmm lle A are ; : oa ee Up A WoW QA” i Mapes gee ‘ 2 Bo ae (COS : ee Y Y y > THIS CONSTRUCTION PATENTED MARCH 22, 1892. Section of our Standard. Even-Span COMMERCIAL GREENHOUSE (18 to 20 feet wide), with Posts, Rafters, Brackets, Purlins, Columns and . Non-Freezable Gutters, all of Iron, also Patent Sash-operating Apparatus. 10 HITCHINGS & CO., SO UN J IN = se, SSS Nes rsa EZR hi \ on DN a x S SATO & (SS = as << SSS = ae THIS CONSTRUCTION PATENTED MARCH 22, 1892. Section of our Standard Even-Span ‘‘ Ridge and Furrow'’ COMMERCIAL GREENHOUSE (18 to 20 feet wide), with Posts, Rafters, Brackets, Purlins, Columns and Non-Freezable Furrow Gutters, all of Iron, also Patent Sash-operating Apparatus. 233 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK. 11 SY) ZN S Z SS Zz SS i ) ZZ S oO SS As Va S SS V4 a S A a <2; Zz S ‘© i) { hy AEN zat f ton dle te = S fees ee ae 2 = |, A | 7 on ll ffi.. Wve Wy Pee ites Th IH, in SS ales Witty Aid Ws 4 > Hn a, Oe Ag : tno es 7 a «74 if Vdly y iM iT i or Ws, Hl, = A. Ia 7/7, Tm mF vt bes yea | OO $2774 ( rp ; ae GA ~ Y ae bes 4 Mn Tt lt My =! ye se = H" oll i Ui AM Ait SMa in Dbl SOAR ROE Lyre eM nb Mis | colin aA! Se STG Se MM wen es HM TY WU Buti TUS [in CONSTRUCTION PATENTED MARCH 22, 1892. Section of our Standard Even-Span GREENHOUSE on Brick Foundations (18 to 20 feet wide), with Sills, Posts, Rafters, Brackets, Purlins and Iron Bench Frames with Cypress Bottoms, also Patent Sash-operating Apparatus, Non-Freezable Gutters, all of Iron. 12 HITCHINGS & CO., CONSTRUCTION PATENTED MARCH 22, 1892. Section of our Even-Span GREENHOUSE on Brick Foundations, with Lantern Roof, with Sills, Posts, Rafters, Purlins and Non-Freezable Gutters, all of Iron, with a Vegetable or Violet Frame attached to one side. Jron Bench Frames with Tile Bottoms, also Patent Sash-operating Apparatus. 13 NEW YORK. 233 MERCER STREET, ssnjyereddy supvisodo-yses yusjeg os[e ‘sodiq Sunvafzy Suturejuoo ‘soyouery I2AO SSUNnVIT) UOI[-IseD ‘SUIONOG aVIS pourtq Yo} your" yA sowerg youeq uoly Dee PG Ce ie ee 7 ro x, UOT] JO ][V ‘S1aqynNy) oTqGezI01J-uON pue sulping ‘sjeyovig ‘srayey ‘sisog ‘S[[IS WWA Jooy usrojueT TesulplAInD YA ‘suonepunoy Youg uo “asnaoy Wivd Aveurlainy ueds-ueagq ano jo uornoas CONSTRUCTION PATENTED MARCH 22, 1892. 14 HITCHINGS & CoO., VO C4 Zo QWs THIS CONSTRUCTION PATENTED MARCH 22, 1892. Section of an Even-Span GREENHOUSE on Brick Foundations (18 to 20 feet wide), with Sills, Posts, Rafters, Brackets, Purlins and Non- Freezable Gutters, all of Iron. Iron Bench Frames with Tile Bottoms, also Patent Ventilating Apparatus. This style of house is eminently suited for private estates, where a neat, economical and perfect structure is desired. 233 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK. 15 ZR ZB SS \, : -e Ae fy oO . Z a7 LF LE Ye Y Ye Y, // 4 4 i/ ae Y]| f i ‘| We \ My Ta Ta ST [CC TL iw, wu AHN, ye S ~ on CAP FOR Oy IRON PURLIN. a, il pom LE : ~ c vo 2 a, & CAP FOR RIDGE Z SWIVEL CAP FOR 5 2 COLUMN. WOOD RAFTER. A wh ~ : a ze ; op 2 e 5) =I Z 5 = A me \t A 2 eS ip i is S| 5 XS Ps 5) | = : | ; g }| 5 2 | o ra 5 E a a oO ~ _ ~* SI o = =| ¢