A Careful Study on _ Roofs and Fires -—~ eas »‘*Every three minutes a house catches fire.’ How & 22" Fire Copyright, 1910 GENUINE BANGOR SLATE CO, Easton, Pennsylvania ‘(81083 pes yng ‘orojoqY JON) “OOFxKoYA] Jo J[N| 24} 0} J9pi0g ueIPeURs oY} UI0I3 sosnoy Bur -uingq jo oul] v sjueserdes yy *("OJ]) SINOT] “1G jo ozis ey} A}ID v ur osnoy A19A9 suvoU 3] {suvoul }I yeYM OzITeo1 NOA UBD j ely Yoyeo sosnoy QOO‘S9L 41v2e4 ouO Uy Fire Damage and Danger Why let your house catch fire? Sounds brutal, but you will thank us for asking. The fire protection of your home is well worth thinking over; for every three minutes a house catches fire in this country—165,o00 of them in 1907, almost as many houses as were built in that year. Our fire epidemic is increasing every year. In 1908 it amounted to $237,000,- ooo, according to the Fire Underwriters. This is property actually gone up in smoke. In addition, we paid about $342,000,- ooo for insurance premiums*—making a total fire burden of $579,000,000. The Insurance Companies paid back for fire indemnities some $135,000,000. But this is more than offset by the incalculable death loss through fire, the cost of fire departments or other fire protection, and the tremendous loss through interrupted plans and business. “$579,000,000 fire burden! Incredible!” you say; “there are not many fires in our town during the year. I don’t see many. I don’t read of many.”’ This attitude is natural. But remember—— You are not apt to hear of any but big fires elsewhere. It takes only a few seconds to snuff *Do not blame the Insurance Companies for that. They are business institutions entitled to a reasonable profit. And their’s is mighty small, considering that con- flagrations like the Baltimore and San Francisco fires wipe out the earnings and surplus gathered for a generation. The blame rests entirely with the builders for using combustible material. I out human lives ; only a few minutes to destroy the savings of a life-time; only a few hours to burn up property worth millions of dollars, Our annual fire burden is so enormous that we can grasp its very amare only by comparison. It exceeded in 1908— The running expenses of the Federal Government for the same year ($555,- 000,000. ) The combined assessed property valu- . ation of Arkansas, Alabama, Nevada, New Mexico and Oklahoma. The production of gold in the last 8 years,—about $500,000,000. The value of new buildings during the year was about $1,000,000,000. We paid about one-half of that for fire burden. Nor do we learn by experience. The num- ber and value of our buildings increase with the years. So does the fire loss, as shown by the following table of Fire Losses in the United States in the Past 28 Years. Year Fire Loss Population 1880 $94,000,000.00 50,000,000 1890 101,000,000,00 63,000,000 1900 137,000,000.00 76,000,000 1908 237,000,000.00 87,000,000 Increase in population since 1880. 735% Increase in fire loss since 1880....134% Almost double the increase in popula: tion. 2 Of course, the figures are only a partial indication of fire damage. Mere dollars and cents can give no idea of the thou- sands of cases of heart-rending anguish and suffering caused every year by death or injury through fire. The United States Geological Survey reports from this cause in 1908, 1449 deaths and 5654 people injured. This is only a partial list; for the report says: “These figures are incomplete and do not Tepresent more than ®. one-half the persons who were victims of the fires. Many fire chiefs of large cities fail to report any deaths because they could not be properly included in their an- nual reports. The number of persons killed and injured here is from five to seven times greater than in Europe. The cause of this gain is faulty construction of buildings in many in- stances.” What makes this danger all the more terrible is its suddenness. No onecan tell when and where it is going to strike next. Even the dreadful Black Hand gives warning. Fire does not. 3 What the Fire Loss Really Means to Your Pocketbook Who has to pay this $500,000,000 fire bur- den every year? The public at large which means you and me. It is not only the insurance policies you pay. On every article you buy, you pay three insurance premiums. The manufacturer must include the cost of his fire insurance in the cost of his goods. So does the jobber when they reach him. So does the retailer. If you pay rent, the latter is high enough to reimburse the owner for the insurance. According to insurance statistics, the fire burden in this country averages $3 per head. That means that the father of a family of five is taxed $15 per year. 4 The Remedy The yearly per capita loss by fire averages 12c. in Italy, 49c. in Germany. Here it is $3. The reason for this difference is 500Ft, | ,. flimsy, combustible construction. LUMBER ar USED The lumber habit is so prevalent PerHEAD| | here that—even with the cost Per YEAR} | of wood doubled in the past ten in U.S.| | years—61% of all new buildings in 1907 were frame. In Europe, combustible walls and roofs are not permitted,—even in small com- munities. Why not also here? This would considerably relieve the situation; for most of the fire losses are due to ‘¢ outside fire contagion’? (exposure haz- ard). See Bulletin 324 of the United States Geo- logical Survey: Page 153: “Of the building’s entire fire risk that from fire within the building is estimated on an average at 40%; the other 60% of the risk being from exterior fires.” Page 154: “While the fire danger from ex- terior fires to buildings is originally estimated at 60%, the risk practically becomes 100% in the course of a great conflagration.” Page 157: “Roofs, roof appurtenances, and skylights should be given ample protection from fire without.” What about buildings in existence ? This is all very well for future build- ing. What about the millions of frame buildings in existence? To see what can be done with them, let us investigate fire causes, Perhaps they can be minimized. An analysis of the annual municipal fire reports of over 240 cities (See tabu- 6 lation on pages 17 to 22) proves that by far the largest percentage of fires are: A—Chimney or flue fires, threatening roofs. B—Roof fires caused by sparks from chimneys, chimney fires, smoke stacks, locomotives, flue fires and other fires. For example: The annual report of the City of St. Louis, Mo., for the year 1905, shows fires from 89 different causes, 4 of which are under the above two classifications. This leaves 85 other causes of fires to make up the 82% of the total fires not. affecting roofs. In other words, the other fire causes average about 1% of the total number of fires; as against 18% of fires originating in, or directly affecting, roofs. The Philadelphia fire report for 1906 shows 45 causes, of which 41 did not affect roofs. The roof and chimney fires claim 18% of the total; so that the remaining 82% average 2% for each of the 41 other causes. The New York fire report for 1906, shows 42 different causes of fires. Of these, 4 are in- cluded in the above “roof percentage,” leaving 38 other fire causes,—an average of 2% for each. The Chicago fire report for 1906, shows 62 causes other than those affecting the roof, an average of about 1 1-3% for each other cause. This proportion is even greater in most other communities, as shown by the following table. 7 Percentage of chimney, flue and roof fires to the total fires in one year.! New York, N. Y. -10% | Eau Claire, Wis. -.39% Chicago, Ill....... 15% | LaCrosse, Wis.---39% Philadelphia, Pa..18% | Louisville, Ky. .-.39% St. Louis, Mo. ...18% | Shreveport, La...40% Minneapolis, Vancouver, B. C. .42% Minn. ......... 18% | Norwich, Conn. --45% Salt Lake City, Tacoma, Wash, --50% Utah; 20. aes 20% | Wilmington, N.C.55% Racine, Wis..---- 24% | Stillwater, Minn. 60% Plainfield, N. J. ..28% | Concord, N. H....62% Savannah, Ga....31% | Paterson, N. J.---63% Topeka, Kans....32% | Chattanooga, San Francisco, Tenn... ss. 68% Cal. ..-......-- 36% | South Bend, Ind..75% Elizabeth, N. J.-.38% It is very significant that these per- centages of roof or roof-threatening fires are highest in cities where shingles or other inflammable roofings are known to predominate. 1 As the various fiscal years covered by the municipal re- ports are not confined between uniform calendar months (some start with January, others with April, others with November, etc.) it was impossible to compile these statis- tics for one calendar year. But in each case the figures cover a period of twelve successive months. 10ns favor of slate roofs, when we exclude tabulat The strength of comparison increases the chimney fires as shown by the follow- in ing QI Z 0 “0 6%. St If 428> Git &-o---- digg teu] 0 oO a. SL § LS BQ cttte ee --eg‘uojseq | Serg Aoumryo ueq} snorem or £ OL £ S$ ob SL PS eh vere PUL BASE TINoS. -nU sset qonur £1 € G8 St #g St 6r CF br -+-+ +--oMO ‘WOrAY | garry yooy gz zt 0 0 Ket 6 St rr TL. ere eg SumoaTTy : ‘I]BUIWMIOPeIg 0} UMOTY IP syooy a¥IS o10qM s9III9 z€ ez eh Sz gf of bg aSt ++" KN ‘UO}sUIMIILM 0 0 .Giz @p %L. bi (6% 9S SOL +*-uuay ‘aypIAxony solg be L£ Gee G6 g§ te Krv oz Lge -+-'epy ‘ayprauosyoef ¢ Aoumrgo pooo 9° § LOK O06 ve zS .g9 OS Izz -*uuay, ‘eZoourzeYD | -X9 SeIg Jooy w7SCE HOS SSE Mer cl 1b, Gls GL B+ +--+. BE) ‘UQUETTY EGE 7 10g 2 32 HP 0 BBE @ 3B Gg 8B gs pe oe o Fon DOS BA “RSs ons oo Bet fs. ee erst od ems OST a ae Be zo i=} i=] o m & & *O}VUTMOPIIg 0} UMOTY o1¥ SJooy sqvuuUlvpUy say So1zt9 This record of fire protection by slate roofs agrees well with authorities like the following: “American Dictionary of Architecture,” Vol, 3, Page 263: “In a few cases of absolute incombus- tible construction, the slate or tiles are tied by lead wire to iron lath ....or in flat roofs, large slabs of slate or stone are bedded in cement.” The “American Contractor,’ issue of June ist, 1907, in speaking about the conflagration following the earthquake in San Francisco, says: “One of the lessons of the recent fire is, that if the buildings are to be made fireproof, they must have slate roofs. Comparatively few slate roofs have been placed on San Francisco buildings; but those which have them demonstrated their unquestionable superiority over all others.” Says “The, Country House, a practical manual for the planning and construction of the American Country Home and its surroundings’? : “In a locality where considerable wood abounds or where the nearness to other structures makes the flying sparks a menace, the question of slate roofs is not to be considered lightly. Under such cir- cumstances, it is unequaled by any other material.” 10 Says the roofing volume of “Illustrated Carpenter and Builder Series of Technical Manuals:” “The value of roofing material is de- termined by a variety of causes, among which the most important are: first- cost, durability, appearance, resistance to fire, and consequent influence on the cost of insurance, and the expense of main- tenance and repairs. We think it safe to say that nothing beats slate.” When you consider that the majority of “contagious” or exposure fires are caused by sparks descending from above, you will readily see that even in a frame house, the fire danger may be minimized by a slate roof. Fortunately a roof of Genuine Bangor Slate Co.’s slate, is desirable not only for its fire protection, but also for its other virtues. This is indirectly admitted by the mak- ers of other roofings when their claims are compared under the searchlight of logic. Tin or other metal roofs must be pro- tected by ‘‘mineral” paint. It is argued for composition, and patent or ready roofings, that their top or pro- tective layer is “mineral” (gravel, slag, flint, quartz, etc.) How much. better then, must be a “mineral-throughout” roofing, such as Genuine Bangor Slate Co.’s slate. Being II non-porous, hence non-absorbent, it re- quires no paint to prevent rust or de- cay. Nor does its beautiful blue-black, silky lustre require any paint for appear- ance. Every piece of slate is a separate unit, without grooves, locks or seams; thus furnishing a roof of unequalled elasticity, and unaffected by contraction or expan- sion from heat, cold, vibrations, etc. Fire Protection for those about to build Your architect would much rather de- sign for you a fireproof or fire-resisting building than a fire-feeding one. The difference in first cost seldom exceeds 20%, for the former, and is more than made up by the lower insurance rates, freedom from repairs, better rent, etc. Fire-fighting buildings are built of in- combustible material, and as far as possible designed so as to afford only the minimum of draft for fire. Your arch- itect will be able to guide you in this matter. Suffice it to say that no matter how small your means, at least the walls and roof should be incombustible. Hollow spaces in partitions and under floors should be avoided, or counteracted with “fire stops” that shut off the draft. 12 The chimney should be used for chim- ney purposes only, and not as a column to support beams or any other load. Wherever possible stairways should be broken at each floor; that is, they should not form a fire-inviting flue from the ground to the top floor. Every-day Fire Precautions (You will find it worth while to keep this handy for frequent reference by the occupants of your buildings). Avoid ashes in wooden boxes, bins or on wooden floors; matches near stoves, ranges, gas jets, etc. Preferably use safety matches. Have metal or non-combustible receptacles for placing burnt matches. Keep matches so that mice, rats and children cannot get at them. Do not keep matches in the attic. Avoid open lights. Even candles should be enclosed in a glass chimney or lantern. Do not carry lamps unnecessarily from one room to another; lanterns are safer for such purposes. Fill, trim and clean lamps by day- light, or else by electric light. Keep lamps away from stoves, ranges or furnaces. See that curtains or draperies cannot be blown against the lamp, candle or gas jet. In. case of gas jets, see that side brackets are not too close to wall nor chandelier burners too close to ceiling. If the walls or ceilings are thus blackened it is a danger sign. Avoid kerosene, gasoline, etc., in the house as far as possible. Don’t use kerosene to help start the fire in the range or stove. Don’t use benzine with artificial light, except with electric light, nor in a room where there is a stove or range-fire. 13 Do not illuminate Christmas trees with any- thing but small electric lights. Wires for electric lights should be carefully inspected by experts from time to time. When you smell the gas leaking (unless it be very minor), do not strike a match until the room has been thoroughly aired, letting out the liberated gas. Shut off the gas imme- diately at the meter and send for the plumber or the Gas Company. Leaks in gas pipes can be temporarily stopped with soft soap. Do not place lamps or candles near the edge of tables or stands, and see that they will be out of the reach of children. Do not leave children alone in the house with fire in stove or any artificial light,—except’ electric light. Range: The range shouldn’t sit against any woodwork, and (unless the sides are exposed) should be backed and sided by brick or tile. Metal covered woodwork is not sufficient protection, as the heat conducted by the metal might char the woodwork and set it on fire. The range should be set on metal or stone base, and preferably be equipped with a flue to take care of the heated air. Avoid using stove polishes containing benzine or oil. When wearing garments with loose sleeves, keep away from open lights or fires. Do not keep clothing or wash near the fire over night. The furnace in the cellar should be suffi- ciently clear of the woodwork so that the latter will not char. It should stand on the ground or on a metal, stone or cement base. A wooden cellar floor should not come within five feet of the furnace. 14 Do not overheat furnace, range or stove. Where flues enter the walls, see that the pipes fit tightly, and are provided with non- combustible collars. Holes in the walls, partitions or chimneys should be promptly closed up. On every floor should be one or more fire buckets filled with water. Any ordi- nary bucket will answer. But it is im- portant to always have it filled and in the same place, so it can be found readily. The biggest blaze could have been put out with one bucket of water at the right time. If these buckets stand convenient to the stair- ways, they are easily available on any floor. To make them more sightly they may be painted or covered to harmonize with the gen- eral color scheme of furnishing. A rope with a suitable hook that readily, fastens on the window sill should be in every room above the ground floor. If you have a telephone in the house, see that every member of the family is familiar with the call number of the Fire Department, Also see that every one is familiar with the nearest fire call box. Fire Drills in schools, public institutions, on board ship, etc., are recommended as a neces- sity. Why not also in private residences and factories? Even the smallest families will benefit from fire drills by giving the members cooler heads in time of emergency. Dis- asters are generally the result of minds confused by danger. 15 What to do when facing fire In case of fire, shut doors and windows, to avoid drafts. When using fire extinguishers or fire buckets, pour the water at the highest point of the fire and work downwards; which will also be the natural course of the water. When curtains or draperies catch fire, pull them down quickly and smother the flames with woolen rugs or blankets. When your clothes catch fire, do not run, as the draft thus created will only feed the flames. Wrap yourself or have somebody wrap you in woolen blankets, carpets, etc. Flimsy cotton material is unsuitable, as it quickly blazes up. Oil fires cannot be quenched with water, but should be smothered with sand (from a handy flower pot), rugs, carpets, etc. In a smoke-filled room the air is clearest near the floor. In many cases crawling will enable you to live through it. 16 Percentage of Fires Affecting Roofs (From Municipal Annual Fire Reports‘) H 8 8a $258, fe bs gt 4 gees ne wn g oH so 33 $ 89 te te ds BH SO Boe Oped Sh Ae bere TOWN BR Be & Of HO ON NO |Allentown, Pa.. 71 II 15.5 9 . 2 O|Akron,O. ... 174 33 19.0 15 15 3 OkaAlbany, N. Y. . 824 76 9.2 57 att, *Atlanta, Ga. .. 579 238 41.0 Ly lt, fa he 4 *Aurora, Ill... . 99 28 28.2 8 10 9 4 f§Augusta, Ga. . 287 166 57.8 24, 146 3 3 fAltoona, Pa. . . 387 | 263 68.0 239 2 igs £3 3 tAttleboro, Mass. 116 19 16.3 15 I I 2 tAuburn, N.Y... 112 31) 27.4.7 ore 8 4 yAmsterdam,N.Y. 91 9 9.8 vt I I tAppleton, Wis. . 98 a7 27.5 22 5 yAnderson, Ind.. 119 49 41.0 35 140 Fos a *Birm’gham, Ala. 529 180 34.0 44 ‘ . 136** *|BayiCitys Mich. 292 “117, ~ 40.0. 46. 3% "25 9 %|/Bloomington, Ill. 137 63 45.9 43 4 16 ‘ %||Boston, Mass. . 2404 349 14.5 245 oH etm II 0||Buffalo, N. Y..1345 277 20.5 72 tan OO 73 Baltimore, Md.1470 155 10.5 IIo 30) 4 6 %||Brockton, Mass. 379 39 10.2 18 Page 14 . % Brookline, Mass. 232 103 44.4 32 6 64 I %|Burlington,Ia.. 129 10 ae 10 x : {Battle Cr’k, Mich. 130 33 25.4 20 6 3 4 {Baton Rouge, La. 64 16 25.0 15 4 ‘ {Bingh’mt’n, N.Y. 113 18 15.9 4 : 4 10 7Burlington, Vt.. 99 20 20.2 13 7 *Camden, N.J. . 185 18 9.7 15 2 r *Cedar Rapids,Ia. 206+ 99 48.0 as 15 7 4 *Charlest’n, W.Va. 127 33 25.6 19 14 2||\Charleston, S.C. 183 55 30.0 24 29 I I *Charlotte, N. C.. 134. 60 44.0 50 4 5 5 |Ch’tt’n’ga,Tenn,. 221 150 67.9 52 go 4 4 ||Chicago, Ill, . . 6387 1004 15.7. 484. 313.129 73 *Clinton, Mass. . IIt 31 27.0 30 I ; 4 *Cohoes, N. Y.. . 102 14 13.7 9 j 5 ||1906. #1907, t1908. _ [See foot note on page Io. gor- dinance prohibiting shingle roofs went into effect 1/1/09 °Municipal year not coextensive with calendar year; major portion of report covers 1906. 1907 Or I908, accord- ing to mark. **Shingle roofs, *Eleven months only. 17 Ge ou a g v g = 8 boopehb ears & oe ne ae a9 ao o 8S +s He ea Se. oh Fo BH Ba 28 83 TOWN BR BR & Oh DO aN DO Cincinnati, O. .1194 248 20.7 164 57 24 3 \|Concord, N. H.. 203 126 62.06 122 j *Columbia, S.C.. 82 21 25.6 15 4 I I +Carbondale, Pa. 31 10 32.2 6 Be eh IE fCarnegie, Pa... 17 4 23.3 I 2 I Col. Springs, Col. 242 46 19.0, Ig iS 22 ‘ tChicopee, Mass. 125 17. 13.6 II Cs sa 2 tCleveland, O. . . 2234 433 19.4 56 377** tColumbus, O.. . 636 93 14.4 47 30 10 tColumbus, Ga.. 143 76 53.1 12 62 2 ; tCorning, N. Y.. 112 37 33.4 15 a atte 5 fCouncil Bluffs,Ia. 163 15 9.2 15 i : 5 fCumberland,Md. 52 20 38.4 18 I I *Dallas, Tex. ... 428 88 20.5 79 9 Danbury, Conn. 112 22 19.6 19 - ‘ *Dayton, ‘Ow, so 426» 5 102 23.9 55 34. Al 2 *Des Moines, Ia.. 546 123 22 80 38 ‘ 5 *Detroit, Mich. . 1604 307 19.1 IOI 55 42 109 ||Duluth, Minn. . 237 61 25.7 35 7 409 *Decatur, Ill. . . 142 18 12.6 16 ss 2 o\|Haston, Pa. .. 68 5 7.35, 5 ‘ . ‘ *Kau Claire, Wis. 138 54 39.1 37 LZ 540s 4 *Elgin, Il. . 3. 94 12 12.7 9 3 2 ‘ \|Elizabeth, N. J. . 182 70 38.4 57 2 nm ID I *Hriey Pas. ts. , 195 58 29.7 20 12. ee aD 6 *Evanston, Ill... 164 24 14.6 4 13 7 {East St.Louis,Ill. 295 219 74.2 162 33 = 15 +E1 Paso, Tex. . 166 14 8.4 9 I tElkhart, Ind... 175 85 48.5 45 30 9 Tisbmite, No V3 225 37 16.3 15 RR +Evansville, Ind. 255 70 27.4 51 16 *Fritchburg, Mass. 172 57 33.1 47 ; 10 *Fonddu lac, Wis. 73 19 26.0 13 2 4 tFremont, Neb.. 43 39 go.0 26 II 2 *Galveston, Tex. 313 159 50.8 119 49 ax . ||1906 *1907. f1908. WFire works. **Sparks from all sources. Municipal year not coextensive with calendar year; major portion of report covers 1906, 1907 or 1908, according to mark. Oo ewww” 18 ¢ a & v B g 2 5 © g eo , 6S Res Ss ~ ae aY og wh oot cg ie o on MEME Me oe ow Oo £ ra) = S| «nO FY 5,64 5 “Eh 25 88 as TOWN BR BR & Of HO OA HO *Gd.Rapids, Mich. 388 32 8.2 I Tent 2 tGloucester, Mass. 154 24 15.5 16 5 2 I {Gr’t Falls, Mont. 53 16 30.0 10 I 5 ‘ ¢Green Bay, Wis. 95 9 9.4 4 RE 4 *Haverhill, Mass. 309 31 10.0 23 6 I I *Hunt’gt’n, W.Va. 79 7 8.8 x A fHagerstown,Md. 35 13 S751 II ti +Hannibal, Mo., 122 60 49.1 42 16 2 F tHamilton, O.. . 196 71 36.2 17 20 20 14 +HydePark, Mass. 130 87 66.9 55 5 25 2 |[Indian’polis,Ind.1156 388 eo" 5 ee LOOT a0? *#ithacas UN ks. 2). as 6 13.9 6 a . ||Jacksonville,Fla. 283 126 44.5 24 95 7 4 *Jersey City, N.J. 900 191 21,25. 742 SiGe war tJackson, Miss. . 186 69 37.0 BOne 32 2 5 tJanesville, Wis. 94 18 19.1 12 3 I 2 TJOLEtvIT. HN... 150° 537 91.3 56 33 28 20 tJoplin, Mo... . 223 28 126 5 20 “ 8 *Knoxville,Tenn. 195 56 28.7 14.242 as “ *Kingston, N. Y.. I00 8 8.0 5 I 2 : tKansasCity,Kan. 440 121 2755 75 TO. 24 12 {Kansas City, Mo.1972 267 13.5 100 48 62 57 {Kingston, Ont. . 100 27 27.0 15 i a ee %|Lewiston, Me.. 152 79 #51.9 66 9 a4 4 *La Crosse, Wis. . 181 71 59-23 50 TA ses ee < |/Lansing, Mich.. 98 27 27.5 14 I3y'h- *Lexington, red = 12 43 35.5 3 36 4 *Limd;O. 6," 11g 37 31.0 35 A 2 *Lockport, N. Y. Fase 67 10.0 I 3 0*Los anfeies.Cal, 983 80 8.1 72 8 3 *Louisville, Ky.. 543 217 39.9 207 \[Lynn, Mass. . . 653 77 ra yy 35 Io 9 23 *Lowell, Mass. . 833 118 14.1 93 20 4 5 *Logansport, Ind. 94 28 29.7 21 7 tlancaster, Pa. . 48 5 10.4 5 ° d : tlarado, Tex... 24 9 37-5 4 I 2 a | perth het edna 164 27 16.4 24 3 ; tLebanon, Pa... 26 3 11.5 3 3 ||1906. *1907. +1908. Municipal year not eoeutentive with calendar year; major portion of report covers 1906 1907, or 1908, according to mark, 19 a= 8s so 3 88 , és 22 $8 Hratese 23 a8 ae 33 38 8 £8 8 %9 ue Sh Sh 95 (ee Be Bo as TOWN Be We Ay Om NU OH RO fLincoln, Neb. . 230 29 8 12.6 2 re ene & I ftLafayette,Ind.. 161 67 41.6 23 18. 26 4 *Memphis, Tenn. 654 180 27.5 67 OS 55 4 ||Milwaukee, Wis.1480 203 I SIO" 79.. 18 4 ||Minn’p’lis,Minn.1259 | 231 18.3. 128 56. 41 6 *Muskegon, Mich. 81 45 55-5 a2 15 5 3 *Malden, Mass. . 193 27 13.9 27 *Montclair, N.J. 57 8 14.0 8 ‘ 4 5 |TManch’ter,N.H. 307 130 42.3. 119 7 3 I tMacon, Ga... . 167 72 43.1 24 43 5 tMadison, Wis. . 143 49 34.2 43 5 I 2 tMeriden,Conn.. 62 30 48.4 24 2 3 I tMauchChunk,Pa. 7 I 14.2 I : 7 tMedford, Mass. . 113 15 13.2 5 7 2 I tMontg’m’ry,Ala. 308 136 44.1 40 g2 4 {Millville, N.J. . 27 12 44.4 12 fMuncie, Inds. 2.157" 117 74.5 109 2 5 I TMoline, Ill. .. 89 51 57-3 22 18 3 g *Newark,O.... 84 12 14.2 6 5 I . *Newark, N.J. . 746 220 29.4 184 26 6 4 \FNewburg, N. Y. 49 8 16.3 8 a ''Newton, Mass. . 302 66 21.8 12 2 45 \* Norwich, Conn. 122 55 45.0 44 I 9 I 0*New B’sw’k,N.J. 88 5 5.6 5 3 2 . o%*New Brit’n,C’nn. 123 19 15.4 8 6 4 I |New H’v’n,C’nn, 596 = 105 17.6 76 : 29 J %*Norristown, Pa. 32 6 18.7 4 § 2 *New R’h’lle,N.Y. 90 20 22.0 16 3 I New York:— i eeoeien sae 7320" 513 7-0 5 389% *I05* * 3x 8 Brooklyn. . . 3851 469 12.50 355 73 27 9 {Nanticoke, Pa.. 25 15 60.0 12 A 2 yNashua, N. H. . 198 175 88.3 75 7O 30 tNashville, Tenn. 433 158 36.4 gI 37 I 29 tNewport, R.I. . 112 35 31.2 23 6. lawe§g ||1906. *1907. T1908. Sparks from ie aro chimney ignited shingles on roof. Sparks from fire ignited roofs of several other buildings. §Sparks from 1 fire resulted in fire on 4 buildings. Municipal year not coextensive with calendar year; major portion of report covers 1906, 1907, or 1908, accord- ing to mark. Where marks indicate 2 years, report runs from July 1 to July 1. 20 Pay ry) 5 5 g g o g Mein ERE Se eh SSeOe ge he ge eo.se ¢ Eo £353.58 TOWN fh ee & Om GOO 0O tNew Orleans, La. 693 67 9.6. 30 29 ents Ss = TN’wp’t News, Va. 110 48 44.0 38 5 4 I TNOLAO I a a Gy CON 26. Tek O2 F2 sett 13 *Oshkosh, Wis. . 104 31 29.8 24 jets ; *Oswego, N. Y. . 109 30 27.5 6 II 3 10 tOmaha, Neb... 403 66 16.3 28 31 7 *Oakland, Cal. . 318 128 40.0. 55 53.0 5 15 Wot Gity. ba... 260 18 29.3 P 2 A PLES tOrange, N. J. 83 31 37.3 20 3 5 3 *P’keepsie, N. Y. Ico 43 43.0 37 6 ||Philadelphia,Pa.3392 601 18.0 246 199 156 *Pittsfield, Mass. 88 26 29.5 25 : I : %|Paterson, N.J.. 182 115 63.2 gI Plate 5 *Petersburg, Va. 58 27 46.5 23 4 *Plainfield, N.J. 127 36 28.3, 31 5 *Pottstown, Pa.. 30 13 43.3 7 F 6 ‘ #Peorin, Tl 7 oes 1358 94 2 Sa ae I 29 *Portland, Ore. . 689 103 14.9 38 56 9 *Pittsburg, Pa. .1390 251 18.0 133 72 46 tPassaic, N. J... 108 6 5.5 4 2 fP’rk’rsb’g, W.Va. 71 14 19.7 5 9 tPerkasie, Pa... y 2 100.0 I ‘ J I tP’th Amboy,N.J. 48 8 16.6 7 : : si Portsmouth, Va. 59 21 36.0 16 5 3 tPueblo, Colo... 247 81 S27, 32 7 27 22 tPaducah, Ky. . 152 89 58.5 42 26 10 II {P’t Huron, Mich. 137 79° =57.6 ZA cee 27 e oe 2 TFRa leigh, Ny Co 26. e7 26.1 2 5 *Racine, Wis. .. 78 19 24.3 7 4 5 *Reading, Pa... 164 39 23.6 26 10 3 3 *Richmond, Va.. 353 838 24.9 60 8 8 12 *Roanoke, Va. . 148 8 5.4 7 7 I - *Richmond, Ind. too 37 37.0 24 12 I 3 ||Rochester, N. Y. 638 78 12:2 47 0 Oe 4 TRocky Mt., N.C. 4 4 100.0 I 3 . . tRock Island, Ill. 102 89 87.2 24 29 «10 26 *Salem, Mass... 169 28 16.5 15 6 3 4 1906. *1907. f1908. f1904 last report printed. 13 fires resulting from bon fires. °Municipal year not coextensive with calendar year; major portion of report covers 1906, 1907, or 1908, according to mark, ‘Six months only. 2I v 8 5 v ~ el 8 FP , S285 SS % ba co) v »2 oa nm - 3 S BY, 8 a] =| M al so 52 8 #3 58 te 33 O14 so. Sous Bs $6 83 TOWN Be ee wm Of HO oY HO *Salt Lake City,U.-254 © 5220.4" 40 Io 2 *San F’ncisco, Cal. 528 IgI 36.1 40 70 8 73 *Savannah, Ga.. 240 78 32.5 41 ° 18 19 Scranton, Pa. . 313 50 15.9 43 I 6 *Shreveport, Ia. 199 81 40.7 20 Al ae, *Sedalia, Mo. .. 118 8 41 CT ey pote Se ¢2 ; 4 3 WSioux City, Ia.. 728 65 89 19 14° 16 oes *South Bend, Ind. 72 54 76.0 40 fi 7 O*Staunton, Va. . 39 8 20.5 5 gf: 0’St. Louis, Mo. . 2545 461 18.I 354 86 | I9 2 |[St. Paul, Minn. 880 235 267 158 24 35.. 18 *Stillwater,Minn. 41 25 609 = 19 5 I *Sacramento, Cal. 238 75 STS es ay china ; *Springf’ld, Mass. 435 7 T5-4Ok 57 5 5 : *Spokane, Wash. 356 &2 23.0 73 5 3 I *Seattle, Wash.. 563 56 9.9 17 33.5 ut I *Superior, Wiss 218 86) gorda eae 36 £ *Sheboygan, Wis. 93 9 g.6 2 3 . tSch’n’ct’dy, N.¥. 257 45 17.5 32 5 3 {Springfield, Mo. 161 10 61025,.97. 9 J {St. Cloud, Minn. 36 19 Soy 12 2 3 tSyracuse, N. Y. 3c9 = 38 9.5 29 2 . *Tacoma, Wash. 382 191 50.0 165 13 “Topeka, Kans. . 181 68 37.5 10 10 MH WOWENHN TNH HUD’ ~ O|/Trenton, N.J.. 187 33 17.6 13 13 3 |[Toledo, O. . 676 99 14.6 §5* P21 5 *Taunton, Mass. . 244 39 15.6 29 7 § fTampa, Fla. .. 149 37 24.8 18 12 a 7 +Terre Haute,Ind. 305 94 30.8 47 a7. SO 4 *Utica,-N. Y. . 46233 31 13:3 16 5 6 4 *Waltham, Mass, 135 28 20.7 10 3 7 8 O*Williamsp’t, Pa. 106 32 30.2 22 7 3 . *Wilmingt’n, N.C. 151 84 55.6 38 43 3 5 a Worcest’r, Mass. 953 166 17.4" 3523 17418 8 Woonsock’t, R.I. 153 35 22.8 24 2 9 4 o*Wat’rb’ry,Conn. 188 55 29.2 41 I 3 10 0*Winona, Minn. . 102 36 ac 2 13 19 4 ; +Washington, D.C 173" 2119 68.7 89 24 5 I +Wilkesbarre, Pa. 122 25 20.5 17 5 mz ; tW’lla W’lla,Wsh, 85 30 35.3 23 I 6 ; +Watertown, Wis. 12 2 16.6 2 P ‘ tWheeling, W.Va. 206 68 33.3 F . . *Yonkers, N. Y.. 322 50 15.5 43 - - TYOrk) Pac. eons 57 22 38.6 10 3 T1902 to 1995. §1904. “1905. ||1906. *1907. tig08, Municipal year not coextensive with calendar year; major portion of report covers 1906, 1907, or 1908, accord- ing to mark. 22 “The economy of a Genuine Bangor Slate Roof is evidenced in the strongest light when a building is torn down. .In such a case the slate on it can be used again, being just as good as new. But in buildings with any other roofing the latter is then either absolutely worthless or very much “second-hand.” Caution ‘¢ Slate’ is a general name like ‘‘ lumber.”’ There is as much difference between slate and slate as between hemlock and oak. Genuine Bangor Slate Co.’s slate is the highest grade of slate sold at reasonable prices. Its superiority is attested by the numerous attempts of other slate producers to imitate our trade name and trade mark. We, therefore, found it necessary to protect our patrons by issuing a Warranty (see facsimile below) with each shipment. Your roofer will be glad to show you this document. rd pea Genuine Bangor Slate put on 60 years ago (when first marketed) is today as good as new— the best reason for insisting on it. Ask for the Warranty. It is an ‘“‘ insurance policy ’”’ of dur- ability and economy for your roof. 23 A Roof of Genuine Bangor Slate Co’s. Slate outlives the Building without Paint or Repairs. Avoids all Roof Troubles: It won’t wear away. It won’t rust. It won’t decay. It won’t crack. It won’t tear. It won't chip. It won’t warp. It won’t disintegrate. It won’t crumble away. It won’t burn. It won’t melt like a tar or asphalt roof. It won’t be affected by acids, gases or other sub- stances. It won’t be affected by any climatic changes or con- ditions. It won’t require solder that may melt. It won’t require seams, joints or “‘interlocking”’ grooves that rot or get out of order. It won’t need repairs. It won’t need paint to pre- serve it. It won't need paint to make it look neat, clean and attractive. It won’t lose its rich ar- chitectural appearance, no matter how long on the roof, It won’t absorb moisture or anything else. It won’t rattle like atin roof. It won’t retain snow or similar loads. It won’t contract or ex- pand from heat or cold. It won’t increase the load on your beams by being water-soaked. It won’t shrink. It won’t retain dampness. It won’t rot your roof timbers. It won’t be blown off by high winds. It won’t permit the growth of moss or other decay- ing vegetable matter. It won’t allow impurities to get into your cistern water. It won’t attract lightning. It won’t need an excessive- ly strong, hence expen- sive roof frame, like tile. It won’t easily be dam- aged, being so strong that itis the only roof- ing shipped without packing, boxingor wrapping of any kind. It won’t cost you as much as any other roofing. 000‘000‘zez$—‘Funoure yey} sfenbe gOGgI ul efeurep omy yenjoe 24, {dn pouing usveq pey emoyesyO pue OoIxeP] MOQ] ‘epeaony ‘Vureqeiy ‘sesueyHIy jo $9}38}]g 24} Ur Aysodo1g jyeoy cInUS 34} yey? Plo} Jf peyisoy oq nod z,upjnoM “What can I do to stem the fire ‘siete ” you will ask; “I am only ? one.” It will pay everybody to help, both from a selfish and unselfish point of view. And here’s how you can help: Talk about it to your friends, to house- owners, etc., particularly when about to build, to rent or when repairs are necessary. Bear these facts in mind when you re-roof or build. A Genuine Bangor Slate Roof will make even a frame building more fire-resisting, and (being a non-porous, hence non-absorbent mineral) will outlive it without paint or re- pairs. Can you ask more of a roof? Further particulars free on request. Genuine Bangor Slate Co. Easton, Pa. e oe Es bogd