oa. SECS as aes} tea ptee tr He ae aye Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2023 with funding trom Columbia University Libraries https://archive.org/details/luptoncasementsdO0Odavi dsupton CASEMENTS DAVID LUPTON’S SONS COMPANY — *) = 8PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO NEW YORK PITTSBURGH BOSTON CLEVELAND DETROIT BUFFALO ST.LOUIS ATLANTA | BALTIMORE | “3 Bee 6} wae ae PY eee? utility. Craftsmanship q "N Lupton Casements, American skill in accurate, interchangeable manufactur- ing is applied to a product which for centuries has been linked with the genius of European architecture. The casement window was created from an ‘instinctive feeling for artistic | form. F 0! - sh er beauty the slender, purposeful ines of the early iron case- ments have never been surpassed. And the casements described in ihe following pages prove that—even as. | those early casements combined beauty with utility within the limitations of medieval handicraft and glass- making —so today an equal standard of beauty VAS: compatible with far higher standards OF comfort, Ou age ‘practical eee ge Lupton Casements SIDE from its architectural appearance, the quality of a casement depends on three things: 1. Correct mechanical design. 2. Artistic, substantial hardware. 3. Sound workmanship. The first two are easily appraised: if they be present, the fact speaks for itself. And we need only refer to the detail drawings showing the construction, and to the illustrations of the hardware, to emphasize the fact that Lupton Casements are in the front rank as regards these essential items. But workmanship is a far more elusive quality. Unless tools are employed, which by their very nature compel correctness, the product will be no better than the workman. Of two men—one highly skilled, the other less skilled—both working with primitive tools, the former will produce a good article, the latter an inferior article. But only a few will be able to say exactly what the one did that the other did not. The more exclusively an article is wrought by hand, the more this statement applies. And it applies today to casements more than to most other products of iron and steel. For until quite recently the manufacture of HERE small lights of glass are desired for a certain artistic effect, yet where the size of the sash does not make steel muntins necessary, we furnish leaded glass at a corre- sponding price to suit the architect’s specifications. casements was very largely a hand process. They would open easily or stick; they would keep out wind or leak; the hardware would or would not be free from rattle, according to whether some individual worker, using hand tools or at least hand measurements, had exercised the requisite skill and care. Under those conditions the quality of the windows depended strictly on the quality of the workman, and any change in his efficiency was reflected at once in the product. In effect, Lupton’s has done for casements what many American makers of other iron and steel products have done in their lines, namely, introduce processes of standardized, interchangeable manufacture in quan- tity by which close limits of tolerance are maintained through the use of tools, jigs and gauges, with minimum reliance on the personal element. Since 1908, David Lupton’s Sons Co. has been developing production methods for the higher types of industrial and office building sash in which oxy- acetylene welded joints, closely-fitted integral weather- ing and accurate alignment and erection were required. All this was done on a quantity scale, involving the use of jigs and tools, insuring interchangeability of product, till today we stand in an unequaled position for the rapid, accurate production of those types of sash. While industrial sash does not generally require such close limits as casement sash, the larger scale of industrial work often involves much more difficult mechanical problems than the maintenance of close fits in moderate sized windows. And the same is true of special doors, also of the finer types of office windows, which latter have for years been standard Lupton products. Hence the manufacture of Lupton Casements and Double Hung Windows involves for us only novelty of design, not of method. The limits are closer and rigidly standardized; the casement bars are process- straightened before cutting; the finish is smoother, and more time is spent is fitting; but every essential process has for years been familiar to Lupton mechanics. It is for this reason that we present Lupton Casements as equal to the finest of their kind—the joint product of European artistic genius and American manufac- turing skill. Types. Lupton Casements are made in all standard opening arrangements, as follows: Side hinged, single or double, opening in or out. Top hung, opening out. Vertically pivoted. Horizontally pivoted. In addition, we make casements with the projected movement shown on Pages 20 and 21. This movement, RANSOMS are desirable in resi- dences to permit ventilation with- out draft. They are also useful with outward-opening casements to give clearance at the top for awnings. Stationary transoms will be furnished if desired, or stationary and operated transoms may be used in different openings. Boette ERTICALLY pivoted casements are appropriate for clubs and libraries, and for the second stories of stores and business buildings gen- erally. They may be used for offices, as suggested in the sketch below. They are controlled by peg stays. which was first applied to solid steel sash by this Company, has marked advantages over the top-hung and horizontally pivoted movements, as the sash stays in any position by inherent balance aided by friction, no adjusters being used. The sash may open out at the bottom or in at the top, as specified. To meet certain conditions, the projected move- ment may be applied also, in place of hinges and adjuster, to side-opening casements. It is best to con- sult us regarding this. Side-hinged casements are made to open in or out according to the intended treatment of awnings, draperies, shades and screens. Outward opening is advisable in all cases unless there is some primary reason to the contrary: it permits entire freedom in the use of draperies; and by using windows hinged at left and right in pairs it is possible to prevent rain from entering without closing the windows, and to catch the breeze in summer. Screens may be either hinged or divided. Vertical pivoting is employed chiefly for sash units too wide to make hinging advisable on account of the torsional strains involved. In general the side- hinged types are preferable. Making and Fitting. The members are of low carbon steel, of heavy section from our own rolls, straightened by hydraulic process and free from ham- mer marks. The mitres are accurately machined to gauge length, and solidly oxy-acetylene welded. The welds are then ground to a true surface. Screws for hinges and adjusters are located by jigs to ensure exact location of the sash in frame; and the holes are drilled, not punched. After the sash are assembled in their frames, a test is made to determine whether the edges of the sash make contact at all points, and a final fitting corrects whatever slight in- accuracies are then found. The sash and frames are carefully cleaned of rust and scale, and are given two shop coats of paint: see Specifications, Page 28. Glazing. Glazing may be done on the inside or outside—the order for the windows must state which is intended. For inside glazing, the steel glazing bead, Section 351, is recommended. It gives a finish line even with the sight lines of the sash and muntins. For the bottom an extruded bronze bead, Section 354, may be used at an additional price; it does not corrode, and its channel catches condensation. Lupton Casement putty should always be used. It is essential for outside work, as litharge putty breaks away. Steel glazing beads are never used for exterior glazing. Sash will be arranged for double glazing if specified. ee ae e y shies mi lise ence bey dd ra] IDE hinged casements opening out are preferable for residences. They leave the window sill clear, and the adjusters can be located inside without special sill treatment. The sketch below shows two case- ments in an opening with a steel mullion between them. By using left and right casements in pairs one “can usually be opened without ad- mitting rain. Maximum Sizes PPROXIMATE maximum sizes for single units are as follows: Side-hinged casements, opening in- ward or outward— Width not to exceed 2 feet 9 inches, height not to exceed 8 feet 0 inches. Top-hung casements, opening out- ward— Width not to exceed 5 feet 6 inches, height not to exceed 4 feet 0 inches. (Continued on next page) Combinations of Units. Each single or double casement, with its bar steel frame, is a single self- contained unit. Two or more units, however, may be erected together in an opening, and separated either by Lupton mullions, Sections Nos. 102 and 116, or by wood, brick or masonry mullions. Or they may be combined in a built-up framework of pressed or rolled steel, like the large circle-head casements shown on Pages 18 and 19. Projected casements are built in vertical groups of two or more into a single frame. Transoms. Transoms may be projected, opening in at top or out at bottom; hinged and opening in at top or out at bottom; horizontally pivoted; or sta- tionary. The desired type must be specified, as prices vary. The projected movement here shown is much to be preferred. Muntins. Steel muntins, when used, are of T shape, Section 353, as shown on Page 29. They are oxy-acetylene welded to the sash bars and at their intersections, making a one-piece structure with no internal surfaces. The intersections are flat, hence do not break the architectural lines. Except where leaded lights are preferred for architectural effect, the present tendency is toward large lights giving minimum obstruction to light from muntins and other members. 10 Suggestions for Selecting and Ordering (OE ieee ce” casements are preferable under nearly all conditions, especially for resi- dences. For inward-opening casements, always specify whether inside or outside adjusters are wanted. Inside adjusters require more sill clearance, or else notches in the sill where the adjuster is attached. Left and right casements in pairs are preferable, since then one can be opened in almost any weather. A casement, hinged at the left, when seen from INSIDE, is called left-hand. A casement hinged at the right is called right-hand. Use these terms when ordering. Note tables of maximum sizes on this and the preceding page. These sizes apply to one-light case- ments. The use of welded muntins permits these sizes to be increased, as the muntins add to the stiffness of the sash. We should be consulted before ordering. Projected casements may open in at the top or out at the bottom, at no difference in price. If desired, at a moderate increase in cost the upper sash may open out, thus acting as a rain shed, while the lower one opens in, acting as a wind shield. Owing to the effect of wind pressure, we should be consulted before larger sizes than those named in the table are specified. 11 Maximum Sizes (Continued from Page 10) Vertically pivoted casements— Width not to exceed 4 feet 3 inches, height not to exceed 8 feet 0 inches. Horizontally pivoted casements— Width not to exceed 4 feet 6 inches, height not to exceed 4 feet 6 inches. Projected, opening top or bottom— Width not to exceed 4 feet 6 inches, height not to exceed 3 feet 6 inches. When welded muntins are used these limits may be exceeded. IDE-HINGED casements, open- ing in, are sometimes preferred for business buildings. They permit iron grills or screens to be placed close to the window, and with marble or terra cotta sills rain is not objec- tionable. Transoms may be used with these or any other type of Lupton Casements. ASSESSES SAIRUSSDNORSN SOCA MIE me Double Casement, open- ing in, with plate frame added. sya 12) Sait Bg nccecceemcerms GITOLEUEEEEOMMTEE, 13 HE use of large lights without muntins gives a sense of space and freedom when looking out. It is coming into vogue not only in busi- ness buildings but in residences as well; and the architectural treatment is readily adapted to it. Single Casement, opening out, with plate frame added. 14 < » ® % ts 5 f 15 RAMES of formed steel plate will be furnished at an extra price where specified with any of the case- ments shown in this catalogue. An example is the large circle head case- ment shown on Pages 18 and 19. They are made of heavy steel plate with all corners oxy-acetylene welded. Their use is common in large openings con- taining built-up mullions and imposts. ¢ Vescad. LIOR EL IL A RANSOMS may be used either for ventilation when the main win- dows are closed—as to free draperies of tobacco odors, to ventilate bed- rooms without drafts, etc.—or simply for artistic effect in openings where unbroken windows would appear too high. The projected type is best be- cause it requires no adjuster. See sketch on Page 9. Double Casement, open- ing in, with projected tran- som. Plate frame added. 16 : ie Re ki ig toes ee a ae AS uh Ae Rrra oe, dN antec sronamneinipn ines ee er Wy) HE illustrations on this and the next page show how several case- ments may be combined with formed steel mullions and imposts to make a built-up window. Each casement unit with its frame is set complete into the steel framing. ii sor aa Guan 18 Built-up Window with two single and one double casement, opening in, and built-up transom. Small semi-circle opens in at top. Ue ee a SS SSS Ai itn 19 mt bt ag wo: Be Reet ‘a og a YE a GEOR g4 ao 5 27) PL 2 2 oF soggy o8ene on: ae Poe eeu ee Oe iss thas eh ao > = ne Begg _@& 26°F OR BSS SBS pdgeav Gy SO eS Oe “aes Bao By oo BHEA Ss OG, po es gO Persay OF VES SL IS Ow” eo. Bal g..p ow Qo Vier, CRE ee rtf neal oc t, with plate frame Projected Casement, open- ing ou added. Sea aN Peep PS 21 N large casements, steel muntins or leaded lights may be used, or a combination of the two. Muntins are generally used to avoid the use of excessively large lights, as in the sketch below. They may, however, be used simply for decorative effect, as in the main illustrations on this and the next page. 22 French Casement Door, opening in, with station- ary circle head transom and welded muntins. Peo ee SAS SNE SERS LINO S SOT ian PS SO eh Re ES eS % ee oe ee ee i 3 2 + : i 7 i ¢ ee : i x i : = 23 Vertically Pivoted Case- ments, with steel mullions and leaded glass. 24 ib — ee nee oe = oe : : a ce eri ei eit nt ene ae : Se 4 : : é 4 i ies ni sie cies inter ASI AOR eS Double Casements, open- ing out, with transoms and steel mullion. 25 el NOTE: For description of hardware, see Page 28. Nos. 1 to 6. Cremorne bolt for Double Case- ments opening in or out, and for French Casement Doors. Two side latches, No. 3, are used for doors and for windows over 4 feet high, opening in; also for all windows opening out. No. 7. Auxiliary latch for single, also ver- tically pivoted casements. One is used for windows from 4 to 8 feet high; two are used for higher windows. No. 8. Latch and handle for use with aux- iliary latches. No. 9. Single latch for windows up to 4 feet in height. Nos. 10 and 11. Alternative form of handle for alllatches. Wedge plate No. 10 is used also with latches Nos. 7, 8 and 9. ie oP te « ¥ +, +4 * we ote a ate ba ena 27 No. 12. Single latch plate used with inward- opening casements, having latches Nos. 7 to U1, No. 13. Triple latch plate for inward-opening casements, permitting window to be latched from 14-inch to 2 inches open. No. 14. Bronze hinge used with all casements. No. 15. Inside adjuster for use with inward- opening casements. No. 16. Inside adjuster for use with outward- opening casements. No. 17. Outside adjuster, used as an option to No. 15 with inward-opening casements. Nos. 18 and 19. Peg and stay used with vertically-pivoted casements. No. 20. Handle attached to left-hand case- ment of a pair. (Right-hand casement is operated by Cremorne bolt.) Specifications for Lupton Casements LL sash called for in these specifications or shown on the : drawings shall be casement sash made by David Lupton’s Sons Company, Philadelphia. Members. The members shall be of low carbon steel, specially rolled in solid one-piece sections. The weathering of opening sash shall be made by double contacts of the members without the addition of built-up or added sections. Assembly. All members shall be accurately steamed and shall be cleansed of rust and scale. All members shall be assembled by ‘welding, eliminatine all riveted joints and preventing corrosion at the points of assembly. Welded surfaces shall be ground smooth. Plates to receive hardware and other fittings shall be solidly welded in place. Face of members shall be free from hammer marks and sight lines shall be carefully preserved. Hardware. Hinged sash shall be hung on heavy solid bronze hinges with steel pins which have been given a driven Gt. The sill adjusters shall be substantially made and shall poe the sash securely at various angles of opening. All bronze hardware shall be what is known as Government mixture bronze, having a natural light statlary or “coinage tone which shall be given a bright finish. Glazing Stops. Glazing stops shall be of the pe shown on drawings and shall be made of drawn rolled steel. All stops shall be accurately mitred a: carefully fitted. They shall be shipped in place in the sash red by brass screws with French _ oval heads. All gee 2 ha € placed on the insideofthe sash. Paint. Casements shall rec e oS coat of rust- resisting metal primer, also a coat of dark gray semi- -gloss enamel non coats baked ot pelo mes the Cae Hardware UPTON Casement hardware combines refinement of design with abundant strength. At the option of the purchaser and ata corresponding price, solid bronze hardware may be used, or steel bars with malleable iron cast parts. The hinges are in all cases bronze; the tubular rod connecting upper and lower latches is always steel. The Cremorne bolt has a rack and pinion movement instead of the cheaper but less mechanical lever movement sometimes used. Bronze parts are “light statuary” color and finished bright. Malleable iron and steel parts are electro-galvanized. 28 ae 2 SECTION 320 SECTION 322 sys lig | SECTION 353 SECTION 321 ‘ 5” 8 b le | i | a SECTION 102 eed 8 = n|© SECTION 351 SECTION 354 SECTION 116 2 SECTION 303 SECTION 320—Frame member of all Lupton Casements having hinged, pivoted or projected sash. SECTION 322—Top, Bottom and Side Rail member of all outward open- ing sash. SECTION 102—WMiullion and Transom Bar for smaller multiple Casements. SECTION 116—Miullion and Transom Bar for larger multiple Casements. 29 SECTION 353—Muntin Member. SECTION 351 and SECTION 354— Glaz- ing beads. Section 354 is extruded bronze, and is furnished on speci- fication only. SECTION 321—Top, Bottom and Side Rail member of all inward open- ing sash. SECTION 303—Frame member of all stationary sash. 30 Cupton DOUBLE HUNG WINDOW PATENTS APPLIED FOR An All-Purpose Window © OT merely for front elevations, where dignity and simplicity of line are desired— Not merely for sides, rear and light courts, where heretofore compliance with Underwriters’ rules has usually resulted in the use of poorly- The Lupton. Double Tung Window is a finely- made, distinctive Jooking window for every elevation of | hotels, apartment houses, dormitories, offices. and fine residences. By its use the architect. escapes the necessity Of using wood windows for appearance in the front - : : elevation and | wos metal windows where fire hazards exist. “Its efficiency” as a fee saver is remarkable. _ : With all its atmosphere of quality, it is not ta a : luxury, but an investment. ee S 32 Lupton Double Hung Windows (Patents applied for) The Lupton Double Hung Window can- not be compared with any other window. Not only is it wholly unlike the familiar “sheet metal window,” but its design, closeness of fit and easy movement place it in a special class among the highest types of sliding windows of whatever material made. A New Principle in Steel Plate Windows Because of its novel design, the Lupton Double Hung Window gives new and surprising values to the terms “‘draft-tight,”’ ‘‘free- working’’ and ‘“‘non-rattling.’’ Its leakage is negligible, even in a gale: it has no weather strips, yet it moves as easily—almost—as a roller shade. It is the ideal window for hotels, apartment houses, dormitories, clubs and offices, where the heating costs are high in proportion to the occupancy. In such buildings, with ordinary windows, the air leakage far exceeds the ventilating needs, and is a much greater cause of heat loss than convection. By using Lupton Double Hung Windows that heat loss is prevented. Aside from its weather tightness, the Lupton Double Hung Window is much stiffer, hence easier to erect without distortion, than other windows superficially similar: it is free from all liability to internal corrosion: it is splendidly built —a “real job”? mechanically; and its outward appearance fully sustains its internal quality. An ingenious form of jamb eliminates all the leakage due to manu- facturing variation in size and fit of the usual type of sash guides. A single, easily-main- tained dimension is all that is required; yet air must pass three separate contacts to get into the room. Jamb Tightness Due to Novel Design 33 aaa r re rr Even with dies and jigs, accurate work is im- possible where light-gauge material is used. The product will spring back in the dies accord- ing to its hardness; it will bend in assembling and again in erecting; and the running fits must be made loose to avoid binding. Heavy Gauges and Accurate Tools In Lupton Double Hung Windows the gauges of metal have been chosen with the single purpose of producing a true-fitting, substantial window. The members are heavy enough to take accurate shape in dies: they hold their form during assembly: and the finished window is a rigid, self-supporting structure, whose subsequent usefulness does not depend on how carefully it was squared up on erection. .. Naturally the Lupton Double Hung Window costs more to make than less carefully planned windows. But con- sidering its quality the difference is small. And that difference is saved to the owner many times over in the coal bill. For leaky windows are a continuing drain on the coal pile—a drain that lasts as long as the building and grows worse from year to year. One investment in Lupton Double Hung Windows saves that drain. Lowest Final Cost The entire construction is of formed or drawn steel plate. Both sash and frame are assem- bled by welding, ensuring permanent rigidity and leaving no crevices by which rain can enter to cause corrosion. General Construction The sill, the reveal molding at the jambs, and the sash members are extra heavy. This feature is exclusive to Lupton Double Hung Windows. Taken in connection with their heavy, accurate construction, it is the main reason for their draft-tightness. Screwed to each jamb are three formed steel channels—the part- ing strip and two guide members. The guide members have legs of unequal length: they are The Novel Jamb Design 34 backed by U-shaped flat springs, which are compressed by screws passing through them into transverse reinforcing strips. These screws may be tightened or slackened, as desired. The side rails of the sash are ‘“‘Shooked”’ over the short legs of the guides. This limits their lateral play; and by turning the screws the contact between guides and sash can be adjusted to a nicety. This construction accomplishes three things: First, it largely avoids the errors arising where three separate guides are supported in more or less remote relation to each other; and it provides compensation for such errors as remain. Second, it does not even then depend for draft-tightness on the guide members themselves, but rather on the exact fit obtainable between the “‘hook”’ at the sash edges and the guide strips. As the sides of the “hook’”’ are in one piece, the space between them (through which air leakage must pass) can be held to micrometric accuracy—a thing impossible where separate pieces are used. Third, whatever air leakage gets past the “hook” must still get past the contact between the sash and the parting strip. From the hori- zontal section it will be seen that there are really three contacts which air must pass. To ensure actual—not merely theoretical— accuracy, the side members of the _ sash, having the ‘‘hooked’’ edges, are formed in drawing dies rather than the usual bending dies. This practically eliminates variation due to hardness. As is plain from the construction, Lupton Double Hung Windows do not rattle. The jamb boxes are formed from steel of suitable gauge: their vertical seams are locked and spot-welded, and are permanently em- Frame Construction 35 el bedded in the masonry. As the working mechanism is entirely exterior to the jamb boxes, there are no exposed slots in the latter to admit rain and cause corrosion. At top and bottom the boxes are joined by continuous arc welds to the head and sill. This slotless, welded construction is peculiar to the Lupton Double Hung Window. It is of the greatest value: first, because it adds to the life of the window by eliminating corrosion in the jamb boxes, where it could never be reached for cleaning or repainting; second, because of its greater rigidity as compared with bolted assembly. Lupton Double Hung Windows do not have to be delli- cately squared and trued before grouting. The sash chains are concealed inside the guide members, which with the parting strip present a smooth, finished exterior. Water cannot get further than the inner surfaces of the guide members, and these are readily removed for painting. The weights are reached by unscrewing the parting strips and guide members and removing a loose panel in the weight box. The head is formed in one piece, suitably reinforced. This again makes a closer contact with the sash than could be had with a built-up construction. The meeting rails form part of the sash structure—they make a snug wedge contact without weather strips. The sash makes a stepped double contact with the sill. There is no interference with drainage, and no tendency to hold water by capillary action. The sash members are strip steel, heavy in themselves and stiffened by the shape given in forming. The edges are smooth—not sheared; hence they hold paint properly. The corners are solidly arc-welded. Sash Details 36 Muntins are used chiefly to hold wire glass in windows bearing Underwriters’ labels. They are of the flat plate type, welded at their intersections and to the sash rails. The glass is held at top and bottom by recesses in the sash structure. At the sides are flat, tap-screwed glazing bars, whose outer edges are concealed in the jamb slots. After putty is applied, the lights are first inserted at the top edge, raised to clear at the bottom edge, then dropped into place. The puttying is then finished and the side bars screwed in place. Standard hardware is bronze. It includes two bar handles, a pull-down handle for the upper sash, and a strong cam lock. Hardware If desired, electro-galvanized malleable iron hardware will be furnished at a lower price. When so specified, Lupton Double Hung Windows will be made to bear the Underwriters’ label. They must have %4-inch wire glass lights, not exceeding 720 square inches exposed area per light; hence vertical and sometimes horizontal muntins are necessary. These features increase the cost. Lupton Double Hung Windows are made in sizes to suit archi- tects’ specifications. Dimensions should be taken to points indicated in the sectional drawings on Pages 38 and 39. For monumental buildings and fine offices the Lupton Double Hung Window makes a splendid appearance when made in solid bronze. In that material it needs no painting and suffers no deterioration. Solid Bronze Windows We will make these windows in bronze, of gauges equivalent to the standard design in steel, when so specified. 37 ©) e Z iu a fe) a) Zz < x ip) 6 Y Le ) wW a 5 Ww < pee = 38 GUIDE MEMBER ADJUSTING SCREW SPRING SPRING GUIDE MEMBER HE half-size horizontal section above shows the weight box bedded in the jamb, with the heavy reveal molding outside, and calking space between the molding and outer jamb. The guide members and parting strip are wholly external to the weight box, which is not slotted except at the top for the chains, where water cannot enter. The outer edges of the guide members are fulcrumed against the weight box, and the inner edges engage the hooked edges of the sash. The dotted arrows show the course which any possible air leakage must take, passing two flat contacts and one edge contact. In the vertical section on the opposite page, the one-piece head construction, the meeting rail contacts without weather stripping, and the double contacts and drainage features at the sill, are worthy of note. 39 Specifications LL windows (except as otherwise noted on plans) shall be A Lupton Double Hung Windows, made by David Lupton’s Sons Co., Philadelphia. All parts of these windows shall be made of steel plate of suitable gauges, formed or drawn in dies and assembled by welding. Material The head shall be No. 14 gauge steel, in one piece, with a formed recess to receive the upper sash, and suitable rein- forcements. It shall be solidly welded to the weight boxes so that no moisture can enter the latter. Frame The sill shall be of No. 12 gauge plate, formed in one piece with a double offset making two contacts with the lower sash. It shall have no hollows which can retain water. Both head and sill shall be solidly welded to the weight boxes. Welds shall start at a point behind the reveal brick and shall follow the contour of the jamb continuously to a corresponding point in- side. Bolted assembly will not be permitted. The weight boxes shall be No. 20 gauge steel, each closed at the back with a No. 22 gauge piece locked and spot welded. The sash shall not project into the interior of the weight boxes, and there shall be no slots in the weight boxes by which rain might enter. Attached to each weight box there shall be a parting strip and two guide members, all of No. 16 gauge galvanized steel. The guide members shall have flanges interlocking with formed edges of the 40 sash. By means of screws passing through the guide members it shall be possible to adjust the latter to make a draft-tight yet free sliding contact with each sash. Parting strips and guide members shall be easily removable for repainting their interior surfaces. Reveal moldings shall be No. 12 gauge steel, welded to the jambs. Sash Sash shall be made up entirely of No. 12 gauge strip steel shaped by being drawn through dies. The top, bottom and side rails shall be solidly welded at the corners, and the welds ground to a true surface. Edges shall be smooth, not sheared. The side glazing bars shall be No. 12 gauge strip steel, held by screws. Their edges next to the jambs shall be concealed by the guide members. Glazing shall be done from the inside. The side rails of the sash shall be die-formed to interlock with the flanges of the guide members attached to the jambs. The meeting rails shall make a snug wedge contact without weather stripping. Sash shall be hung on %-inch galvanized chain Hardware and Rows i 1] : : Fittings passing over malleable iron pulley with roller bearings. Weights shall be sectional. All screws and bolts shall be sherardized. Standard solid bronze hardware shall be furnished, consisting of two bar sash lifts, a cam lock and a pull-down handle for the upper sash. (At the purchaser’s option, electro-galvanized malleable iron hardware of same pattern will be furnished at a price to correspond.) Windows shall be given a thorough shop coat of window Painting : ie : manufacturer’s standard rust-resisting paint. 41 BER Ssesaiarie iy Stak ameel