THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA Presented By PRESTON DAVIE C97I.92 Rl63a G,6 J V ^'M ^ <'^:.-n:-*« , >.■■■ mMmim'wtmm^.^'c^'x^' I 00032761075 FOR USE ONLY IN THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLECTION 4 Form No. A-368, Rev. 8/95 CITIZENS NATIONAL BANK, RALEIGH, N. C. See Next Two Pages. HISTORICAL RALEIGH FROM ITS FOUNDATION IN 1792 ..A" h ^ nV SCENE IN COLONIAL TIMES. 1902 K.^^i^*' EDWARDS & BROUGHTON Printers and Binders «f ^ RALEIGH ^ ^ Citizens IRational iffianht RALEIGH. N. C. Capital, . . . $100,000.00 Surplus, . . . 50,000.00 Profits, . . . 25,000.00 Deposits, . . . 700,000.00 c c* « no Ttitcrcst Paid on Deposits <& « «: DIRECTORS t A. B. ANDREWS, R. H. LEWIS, R. H. BATTLE, IVAN M. PROCTER, A. B. HAWKINS, WM. J. ANDREWS, JOS. G. BROWN, JOHN C. DREWRY. OFFICERS : JOS. G. BROWN, President. A. B. ANDREWS, Vice-President. H. E. LITCHFORD, Cashier. Every legitimate business enterprise encouraged, and every facilit}' extended its patrons, consistent with safe and conservative Banking. Safety Deposit Boxes, for Storage of valuable papers, silver, etc., for rent on reasonable terms. Citizens National Bank, RALEIGH, N. C. Capital, . . . 1 1 00,000.00 Surplus, Profits. Deposits Total Assets 100,000,00 (t 30,000.00 § 1,050,000,00 # Depository of the United States, of the State North Carolina and of the City of Raleigh. of i The Above Are The Figures For W05. % The figures on opposite page are for W02 I This growth ludicates the measure of public confidence I reposed in this institution, and we acknowledge I our gratitude for their favor and loyalty, t We are now in better position than ever to ac- I commodate our friends, and we will be glad to ex- i tend to others our ample facilities, I We Invite Small Accounts as well as Large ones. i JOSEPH G. BROWN, President. 1 HENRY E. LITCHFORD, Cashier. r'ii[iyni"'i ipn'in[]||iii"u|||[|lllili||pilHH||||l|lliii|f[|pilin Raleiflb's Only Deparfmetit Slore Trustworthy goods only, at uniformly right prices. All articles guaranteed as represented. :: :: :: :: One price to all and that the lowest. :: :: :: :: :: Money refunded to all dissatisfied buyers. :: :: :: Courteous treatment to all. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: Experienced salespeople in every department. :: Buying in large quantities and direct, saves for you the middleman's profit. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: Reducing prices without reducing qualities. :: :: Modern Store Service and Equipment. :: :: :: :: rnipimg Vou'll Find tbc Store as 6ood as Hdvertisedccc Sh^^^c^. ^aS/^,c4^. ma -:i A^ji^-^^ -.^ -^^ .-^^ '■^: ^' dilU'.'^'lii^iril-ijlijIllMlljkll.Mlliilll iJillM MiiailnMlilllhMllliL' :lilllli , i'iiiiiill EDGAR E. ELLINGTOX, Mgr. WALTER J. WYATT. WYATT & ELLINGTON MANUFACTURERS OF ROUGH AND DRESSED I UMBER Flooring, Ceiling, Wcatherboarding, etc., Sash, Doors, Blinds, Windoic and Door Frames, Mouldings, Mantels, Turned Worh, and All Kinds of Building Material. SHINGLES AND LATHS. WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS. OFFICE AND SHOP: 120 South West Street, ^ ^ ^ Raleigh, North Carolina. Interstate Phone 332. ..jIj... ..ljl.,.,,^l,.,|,:l^li dlip.ri^.- ^K-,.^ j^:i ./:•:: > * :> ^ -J -il'.:,.r^:,r'4Mv^.^h,.-liLMil4^ ^^ H.J. BROWN COFFIN HOUSE [ ESTABLISHED i » 3 3 JOHN W. BROWN, Nos. 207, 209. 211 RAIFir^H N T ^ •iOtTTH SALISBURY STREET. l\/\l^E,lVjn, l>l . V^. W SOUTH SALISBURY STREET Undertaking, embracing Embalming and services at burials, con- ducted in the most improved manner, by skilled and attentive opera- tors. Particular attention given the embalming of bodies for trans- portation. Coffins, Caskets and Burial Cases of every grade constantly in s^tock; also Robes for male and female, ^ Burial Shoes, etc. ^ Prompt attention to all calls, day or night, either in the city or L county. Bell Phonk 336, Raletgh a^tp Interstate 142. W ^i.iH | flli.!f l ' i M!l! :ff iii.iffn^''i!! !y ii i 'in if| i:i i ;lfni'il |f li'iM |fl l"'i l f piiiL^nirpH^Mi^i ^ % Historical Raleigh FROM ITS FOUNDATION IN 1792 DESCRIPTIVE, BIOGRAPHICAL, EDUCATIONAL, INDUS- ._^^ TRIAL, RELIGIOUS REMINISCENCES REVIEWED AND CAREFULLY COMPILED Entered according to Act of Congress in the Year 190*2, by M. N. Amis, in the otRce of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. By m:osks :n^ . aimis of the Raleigh Bar, Author of Amis's N. C. Criminal Code and Digest. 1902 REPORT OF CONDITION OF Zbz Commercial and ifarmerd Banbt OF RALEIGH, N. C. At Qosc of Business April 30, t902. RESOURCES: Loans and Discounts 9398,599.46 Overdrafts 3,627.23 North Carolina 4 per cent Bonds 30,000.00 Banking House and Fixtures 18,702.48 Other Real Estate 13,958.31 Cash Due from Banks 90,084.02 Cash Items and Cheeks 3,816.93 Cash on hand 43,128.63 $601,917.06 LIABILITIES. Capital Stock paid in 8100,000.00 Surplus Fund 25,000.00 Net Profits 25,202.33 DEPOSITS: Individual Deposits $431,940.44 Bank Deposits 18,751.46 Cashiers' Checks 1,022.53 S451,714.73 S601. 917.06 J. J. THOMAS. President. B. S. .lERMAN, Cashier. A. A. THOMPSON, Vice-President. H. \V. JACKSON, A.ss I. Cashier. DIRECTORS. J. J. THOMAS, President. ALF. A. THOMPSON, of Johnson & Thompson, Cotton Exporters. CAREY J. HUNTER, Supt. Union Central Life Insurance Co. R. B. RANEY, General Agent Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co. THOS.H.BRIGGS, of Thos. H. Rriggs & Sons, Hardware. JOSHUA B. HILL. of J. R. Ferrall & Co., Grocers. J AS. E. SHEPHERD, of Shepherd and Shepherd, Attorneys at Law. HENRY A. LONDON, Attorney at Law. Pittsboro, N, C. JNO. W.SCOTT. Capitalist, Sanford. N. C. GEO. W. WATTS, Director American Tobacco Co., Durham, N. C. B. N. DUKE, President Fidelitv Bank, Durham, N. C. ASHLEY HORNE, President Clayton Banking Co., Clayton, N.C. FRED. PHILIPS, Capitalist, Tarboro, N. C. D.Y.COOPER, Capitalist, Henderson, N. C. ASHBY L. BAKER, President Virginia Cotton Mills. Safe Deposit Boxes for Rent. No Interest Paid on Deposits. CONTENTS. The arrangement of the subject-matter of this work precludes a table of con- tents by chapters. The following method, therefore, will prove, it is boped, as iidvantlgeous in enabling the reader to find any desired subject as if this de- parture from established custom had not been adopted. This table of contents has no reference to matters, things or conditions em- bniced in the chapter, " A Glance at Raleigh of To-Day," this being but sup- plementary, in its character, to " Historical Raleigh." PAGE. Formation of Wake County -.. 1^ Blooaisbury— tlie home of Col. Joel Lane - - - - !•"> Brief sketch of Col. Joel Lane and his descendants 19 Sittings of the General Assembly before the Revolution 25 Location and founding of a permanent capital - - 27 Plan of the city - - '^^ First sale of city lots - 47 The first Statehouse 49 Sale of lots in 1819 - '"^l Erection of the Governor's " Palace"' 53 Burning of the Statehouse - - ^^ Erection of a new capitol . - ^^ First city government and its commissioners 63 Mayors - ^^ Early inhabitants ...67,68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 91, 93 Inhabitants and business men of later times 61, 66, 75-77, 85-89, 95-97, 107, 109, 112, 115-117, 119, 120, 125-129, 131-133, 137-141, 173-177 - 195 Older living inhabitants 77-81 Newspapers in Raleigh's early history 67, 68, 109, 110, 111, 127 Later newspapers - lOL 127, 180 Fires and fire-engines of old times - - - - 81 Street-cars - - - ^^ Religious — churches and ministers - 84 Early hotels, or taverns 90 President Andrew Johnson -- 92 Educational— schools and teachers 93 Physicians of old times 1^2, 133 Lawyers ^^ Masonry and Odd Fellowship 1^1 (> CONTENTS. PAGK. General La Fayette's visit to Raleigh 104 The Nat. Turner Insurrection 108 Early railroads and their employees 113 Removal of the old market 117 Old-time common or *' free schools " 121 Henry Clay's visit to Raleigh 123 A new impetus — organization and erection of new State institu- tions 129 Inhabitants of later times 131, 133, 137 Physicians of old times 132, 133 Military companies 134 Visit of Stephen A. Douglas 142 Business men of the old and the present time 143, 145 Historical Scraps 165 The Dawn of a Momentous Era — the Civil War 16t^ The Stars and Bars unfurled 170 Preparations for the conflict - 172 Raleigh boys who enlisted in the strife 173 Events at home during the war 177 Sacking of newspaper offices by soldiers and citizens 180 Surrender of Raleigh to the Federal forces 183 Return of the Confederate veterans 193 Municipal affairs ensuing the war 195 A notable event 197 Raleigh's Centennial Celebration 199 " A Glance at Raleigh of To-Day" 201 Olivia Raney Library 221 Raleigh tobacco market 223 Cotton and Grocers' Exchange 228 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE. Residence of Col. Joel Lane 17 Dr. F. J. Haywood 75 Birthplace of President Andrew Johnson 87 W. C. Upchurch - - 99 Dr. W. H. McKee - Ill RUFUS H. HORTON - . - - - - - - 124 J. RuFFiN Williams - 135 E. B. Thomas - - - 148 Dr. Chas. E Johnson -. -- 161 J. C. S. Lumsden - - 175 N. B. Broughton 188 A. M. Powell - -302 Chas. F. Lumsden - 214 Horace B. Greason - 219 Malcus W. Page - - 223 Joseph J. Bernard 226 Herbert E. Norris - - - 230 INTRODUCTORY. In its general and popular acceptation, the term history is con- fined to records of events of a political character, and is seldom used in referring to any condition of things less broad than the State or nation. Hence, matters of interest so narrow as to be confined to a town or city are usually regarded as unworthy of preservation in literary form. This view is an erroneous one, for, apart from the general value of a knowledge of men and things passed and gone, by comparing the humble beginnings in- cident to every community with present conditions — whether these beginnings refer to events or to things — a laudable sense of pride becoming to every citizen is felt, and inspiration for future excellence encouraged. Except in rare instances, it has not been within the scope of the book to make mention of the names of any inhabitants who have not been in close touch with our people, however distinguished in State or nation, and though "native and to the manner born," the design of the author being to acquaint the reader with the life of the people of Raleigh in the olden time, rather than to undertake the narration of such events as ordinarily claim the attention of the historian. In the preparation of the book, the author's desire has oeen to make it not only interesting as a record of the early days of the ;§^ capital, and of its people, but that it should serve also as a reposi- Q tory of present conditions as well as of past events, and thus MOSES N. AMIS. ^ prove valuable in future time Raleigh, X. C, Aug. 11, 1902. 10 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. i.iillllt]li|.|lljl[)lniild lliHMllil|nn![i]li. .Ilili.i.iilliilllliNlllillllMllliili lliljlinMllil]lMiJlljlLlnnllilLl..iil!llLlMiilljiLlnnlllllllMMllllllln,inlllli,H.llllllh,,.illLl ll Popular Prices Reliable Goods Dealers in j nPen's anb Bo^s Clothing Shoes, Trunks, Hats and Furnishing GoodsS*5*5*5* Cafl anHe'e Us''*'' 10 E. MARTIN STREET I JAMES I. JOHNSOM, Opp. Postoffice. ^ RALEIGH. N. C. KEEPS A FIRST-CLASS PHARMACY IN EVERY RESPECT « SFTcciAL j^tte:s^tio:s' to zviail oriDirins. ^ ^LSO W % ^ THE WONDERFUL HEADACHE AND NEURALGIA CURE. ^ ^ 25 and 50c. a bottle. § FORMATION Of WAKE COUNTY. "As he is a bad man who is ashamed of an honest parentage be- cause it was poor and humble, so he is no better who is ashamed of his country because its history records few or none of the bloody triumphs of ambition, but tells the simple story of a people's unob- trusive progress in civilization and homely comfort. ' —Dr. Francis L. Hawks, North Carolina's famous historian. The county of Wake, in which the capital of North Carolina is situate, was formed in 1771, from portions of Cumberland, Orange and Johnston— chiefly from the latter. The act of the Colonial Assembly author- izing the establishment of the new county was ratified in 1770, but was not to take effect, however, until March 12, 1771. The first term of court began June 4th of that year. The first "^ sheriff was Michael Rogers, grandfather of the late Mrs. Dr. F. J. Haywood. The first sheriff after the organization of the city of Raleigh (1792) was Richard Banks. ^^\CT FOR THE ERECTION OF WAKE COUNTY AND ST. MAR- GARET'S PARISH. ^'Whereas, the large extent of said counties of John- ston, Cumberland and Orange renders it grievous and burthensome to many of the inhabitants thereof to attend the courts, general musters, and other public meetings therein : "Be it enacted by the Governor, Council and Assem- bly, and by the authority of the same, that from and after the twelfth day of March next after the passing of this act, the said counties of Johnston, Cumberland and Orange be divided by the following lines, that is to say, beginning at Edgecombe line on Mocosin Swamp, HISTORICAL RALEIGH. W. e. THOMAS prescription BruGoist 445 Halifax Street, RALEIGH, .'ii. C, A FULL AND COMPLETE LINE OF jfresb jDrugs and Coilet :^rticles CARRIED IN STOCK AT ALL TIMES. Prescription Departmetit IS THE OBJECT OF OUR SPECIAL CAPE. DAY OR NIGHT. t^e^t^Mail Orders Receive Prompt Attention..^.^.^ HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 13 a mile above James Lea's Plantation, running a di- rect line to Xeuse River, at the upper end of John Beddingtiekrs Plantation ; then to David Mimm's mill and Tanner's old mill, then the same course continued to the ridge which divides Cumberland and Johnston counties; then a straight line to Orange line, at the lower end of Richard Hill's plantation, on Buckhorn; then the same course continued five miles ; then to the corner of Johnston County on Granville line; then with the same line and Bute line to Edgecombe line, and along Edgecombe line to the beginning ; be thence- forth erected into a distinct county and parish by the name of Wake County and St. Margaret's Parish." This act was ratified January 26, 1771, by the Gen- eral Assembly, which sat that year in New Bern. A copy of the charter of the county may be found recorded in the office of the Clerk of the Superior Court. It is signed by Wm. Tryon, the Colonial Gov- ernor, and executed at Xew Bern the 22d dav of Ma^, 1771. The following is a literal copy of the order directing its registration : Wake Sepr Inferior Term, 1771. Wake County — Present His Majesty's Justices. 'Twas then Or- dered, that the within Charter of Wake Countv be «- Recorded, which was done accordingly this twelfth Dav of Sepr., 1771, in Book A and pa^es 4, 5 and 6. Test: JXO. RICE C. I. C. The county was named for Royal Governor Tryon's wife, whose maiden name was Wake, though some au- thorities claim it was so designated in honor of Esther Wake, a sister of Ladv Trvon. u HISTORICAL RALEIGH. /\\ JAS. BOYLAN A\ J. B. PEARCE C. McKlMMOM SJ/ y^ < ^ '« <^. o^^ \ '^> I BQYLflN, PEflRGE I GO. j mis 206 AND 208 FAYETTEVILLE STREET, RALEIGH, N. C. /is Always the Latest Styles at Lowest PriceSt'!»j&j&. Vl/ /L Send for Samplesj£j&j&j&jSija.j&AAj&AAj& AAA^ itf f /IS /(> AN ^c^. ^O .6^^ HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 15 The county seat of Wake was originally Blooms- bury. This name was adopted evidently because such was the title of the homestead of Col. Joel Lane, who was the owner of vast estates in this vicinity. Blooms- bury was situated at what is at present the western terminus of Hargett street, on Boylan Avenue, and embraced the lands now owned by the Boylan and Snow families. Wheji the county was organized, and Bloomsbury became the county seat, a court-house was accordingly erected. This was a log building, which stood on the hillside in front of Col. Lane's residence. Subsequently, and until 1792, the county seat was known as Wake Court House. The residence of Joel Lane is still standing on Boy- lan avenue, near West Hargett street, facing east. It has been the property of the Boylan family since it was purchased by Wm. Boylan, nearly a century ago. Except the double-slanting roof and dormer windows, there is now nothing in its exterior to indicate its co- lonial origin, for the building has had many material repairs, especially on the interior. The fireplaces, originally, were evidently extremely large, as may be judged from the base of the chimneys, one of which is built at the end and on the outside of the house, and suggests that the pieces or "sticks" of wood used for fuel were at least five feet in length. One of the mantels is colonial in style, being five or six feet above the hearth, while the locks on the doors are of antique pattern and of great strength. At this season (mid- summer) the building and its environments — situated as they are in the background of a beautiful lawn, arched above with the thick foliage of towering oaks, with here and there a magnolia, roses and other shrub- bery — present a most picturesque scene. In an open field, about thirty-five feet south of Mor- gan street and near Boylan avenue on the east, under 16 HISTOKICAL RALEIGH. I RALEIGH, N. C. HARDWARE Lime Cement Plaster Sash Doors Blinds Guns Loaded Shells Gypsine, }ap-a-Lac Lava Floor Paint Stains Enamels R C. Paint White Lead Oils Best GoodssiLotDest Pricess^Square Dealing HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 18 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. »i»:»i$=$»:^i»i$ :^»$ »:^:^:^:$: » i^j$i$i^i»i»j$ »: » »:^ -$i»;»»i» %. I JOHN S. PESCUD, I ©ruggiet ant) I Ipbarmaciet, I NO. 12 W. HARGETT STREET. I [yfRYTHING FRESH IN MIGINE AND OF MEM QOIILITL T We have rubbed and pounded, mixed and $ poured, many thousand times for the people 9 hereabout. We have customers with whom we ^ became acquainted 35 years ago. Who sells you your medicine ? :: :: :: :: :: :: :: J. S. PESCUD. W, H. HUGHES, DEALER IN Chw^y Crockery, Glassware Lampst Table Cutlery. Silver- Plated Ware, Refrigeratorst Tea Trays, Oil Stoves, Ice- cream Freezers, Water Filters, and a Gen- eral Line of House Furnishings. Jioeoi (or Odorless Reifioeroi HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 19 what was once a stalwart mulberry tree, but now de- cayed aud tottering with time, and without a stone or slab to mark the spot, is the last resting place of Joel Lane. This place, in the early part of the century, was owned by Peter Browne, one of the first lawyers to set- tle in Kaleigh. Subsequently, in 1818, it was sold by him to Wm. Boylan. At present it is occupied by Mr. R. L. Potts and his cultured and interesting family. As many descendants of Col. Joel Lane are still liv- ing among us, a brief sketch of the Lane family may prove not uninteresting : There were five of the Lane brothers — Joel, Joseph, Jesse, James and Barnabas. The three first men- tioned settled in the vicinity of Raleigh in 1741. Col. Joel Lane's first wife was Martha Hinton, his second Mary Hinton, daughters of Col. John Hinton, of Wake. Joseph Lane married Ferebee Hunter. He died in 1798. The maiden name of the wife of James Lane was Lydia Speight. Jesse Lane had a son, John, who married Betsy Street, of Buncombe, and these two were the father and mother of General Joseph Lane, of Oregon, who was the candidate for Vice-President in 1860, on the ticket with Breckenridge. Jesse Lane married Winifred Aycock, and these were grandpa- rents of ex-Governor Swain. Joel Lane had six sons and an equal number of daughters. The sons were: Henry, James, William, John, Thomas and Joel; the daughters were, Nancy, Martha, Elizabeth, Mary, Dorothy and Grizzelle. The eldest son, Henry, was the grandfather of the late Henry Mordecai, and second cousin to General Joseph Lane. This relationship between the latter and Mr. Mordecai occasioned, in 1860, when the Vice-Presiden- tial candidate came to Raleigh, the most distinguished social gathering which had ever been observed here. 20 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. "npii i ii !f i ii ihy i ^ii !f iiiiii ip iiiiii ffp iii!ii f! iini.; i ^i i iuii T ^;M ! .p 'Bhe IRaUidb /marble IKIlorbsj COOPER BROS., Proprietors. WE have work erected in nearly every County in North Carolina, as well as in adjoining States. EVERY job is an adver- tisement of our work. WE wnll not send out an inferior piece of stone or w^ork if we know it. W^E furnish only the best grade of work- manship and material. SOME of the best MONUMENTS in the State were erected hy us. Free on application — Booklet "Testimonials," Booklet ' ' Some Work Erected by Us " Catalogue. COOPER BROS., NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 21 This was at the residence of Mr. Mordecai, on the northern limits of the city, to which were invited every one of consequence hereabouts and all the kins- people of the Lanes and Mordecais far and near. It is said to have been the most brilliant and elaborate affair ever known in the history of the capital. Among others present, and who were descendants of Joel Lane, were members of the following families: Devereuxs, McCuUers (John Joseph Lane McCullers, father of Mr. Chas. E. and Dr. Joseph McCullers), the late Col. L. D. Stephenson, Matthew Stephenson, Aus- tin Jones, and a great many others whose names are not now recalled. The living descendants, now in this vicinity, of Henry Lane, are Mrs. Margaret L. Little and five sons ; Miss Martha Mordecai, Mrs. Mary W. Turk and two children ; Mrs. Ellen Mordecai, her son S. F. Mordecai and his eight children; Mrs. Margaret Devereux and daughters — Mrs. J. J. Mackay and five children, Mrs. J. W. Hinsdale and five children, and Misses Annie and Laura Devereux. Capt. J. J. Thomas, Dr. D. E. Everett, Joseph G. and Jno. W. Brown are also descendants of Col. Lane. The late W. H. Holleman was Col. Lane's great- grandson. Mrs. Margaret E. Rowland, of Middle Creek Township, and mother of J. T. and Rev. Chas. H. Rowland, is also lineally descended from Col. Lane, whose son James was Mrs. Rowland's great-grandfa- ther. Mrs. Lydia Brown, mother of Messrs. Jno. W. and Joseph G. Brown, was a granddaughter of James Lane. Mrs. Phil. Thiem, her sons and daughters — one of the latter being Mrs. Walter Woollcott; Mrs. John Bedford; Miss Janie Brown; Mrs. Richard Young, her sons and daughter; the children of the late Nat. 22 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. BOBBITT-WYNNE DRUG CO,, (incorporated WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGGISTS AND PHARMACISTS. Dealers in All kinds of Dru§:s, Chemicals, Perfumery, Toilet Articles, Sundries and Seeds. iSjl; lperfmnes» Co llet llrticles» etc^ | w f 4jt Eczema ®inttnint u/ Catarrh Cream m/ 'K liver Brills, etc. ^|^ HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 35 Edgecombe. They did not organize, but adjourned at once to the house of Joel Lane, at Wake Court House. On the next day they began their work by viewing the lands which had been offered to them as suitable sites. On the 22d they were joined by Willie Jones, of Halifax. The tracts offered to the commissioners, and which they were eight days riding over, not stopping for Sunday, were those of the following-named owners: Nathaniel Jones, Theophilus Hunter, Sr. ; Theophilus Hunter, Jr. ; Joel Lane, Henry Lane, Isaac Hunter, Thomas Crawford, Dempsey Powell, Ethelred Rogers, Michael Rogers, Hardy Dean, John Ezell, John Hin- ton, Kimbrough Hinton, Lovett Bryan, and William Jeffreys. On the 27th of March, the commissioners took a sec- ond view of the lands of Joel and Henry Lane. On Thursday, the 29th of March, the commissioners proceeded to organize themselves into a board, choos- ing unanimously as chairman Frederick Hargett. They then proceeded to ballot for the place most proper to be purchased. Only three obtained any vote. John Hinton's tract on the north side of the Neuse, near Milburnie, received three votes; Joel Lane's tract at Wake Court House received two votes ; and Nathaniel Jones' tract, near Cary, received one vote. So there was no choice. On Friday, March 30, a second ballot was taken, with the result that Joel Lane's tract at Wake Court House received five votes and the Hinton land but one vote. The quantity purchased was the maximum allowed by the law, one thousand acres. The price was thirty shillings, or |3, for the "woodland and fresh grounds,'^ and twenty shillings per acre (|2) for the old-field. One- fourth of the tract, after being cleared and culti- vated, was abandoned because exhausted, and rated at 36 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. /IDecb anics anb^Hiivestors IHnion A MORTGAGE INVESTMENT COMPANY CHARTERED MAY, 1893 «««.««« Operated and Managed by JOHN C. DREWRY, President. J. S. WYNNE, V.-President. B. S. JERMAN, Treasurer. GEORGE ALLEN, Secretary J. N. HOLDING, Attorney. C. G. LATTA and W. S. PRIMROSE. Directors The object of the Company is to provide a plan by which wage- earners and others can make monthly saving deposits, that will be available at any time, if needed, and which, at certain dates, will be returned with profits. The second object is to furnish the money by which families caa be aided in owning homes, on the monthly payment plan. This Company has had fine success, and during the past eight years, it has aided more than four hundred men and women to save and invest Seventy-five Thousand Dollars, of which amount about Twenty Thousand Dollars has been advanced to the Certificate holders to aid them in times of financial difi&culty. The Company has aided about Two Hundred families to own their homes, giving them one hundred months in which to repay the loan. The Company issues two kinds of Certificates. One Certificate requires the monthly payment, or deposit, of Eighty Cents for each One Hundred Dollars named in the Certificate, for a period of one hundred months. This is the Wage-earners Savings Bank Certificate. The other is a Full Paid Investment Certificate of $ioo, to which is attached twenty coupons, payable in June and December. This Cer- tificate is sold for $90 cash, and furnishes a six per cent investment, free of tax, which is paid by the Company. All Certificates are fully secured by First Mortgage on Residence Property, and form one of the safest investments. GEORGE ALLEN, Secretary, 22 PuUen Building, Rai^eigh, N. C. HISTORICAL RALEIGH*. 37 only two-thirds the value of land covered by the origi- nal forest growth. The price of the whole was £1,378, or |2,T56— £1 at that time being the equivalent of but $2, instead of |5, as now. The -surveyor employed was William Christmas, State Senator from Franklin County, who agreed to accept in full compensation for his services, including six copies of the plan of the city, four shillings, or forty cents currency, for each lot. As there were 276- lots, his pay amounted to |110.40. PLAN OF THE CITY. The work of the survey occupied four days. The plan was adopted on the 4th of April, 1792, the com- missioners assigning names to the public squares and streets. They gave the name Union to the Capitol Square, which is nearly six acres in extent. Four other squares, of four acres each, they called in honor of the first three Governors of our State under the Constitution of 1776, and of the Attorney-General, viz. : Governor Caswell, Xash, Burke, and Attorney- General Moore. Caswell Square is the site of the In- stitution for the Blind; Nash is opposite the Union Depot, on the east; Burke, the site of the Governor's Mansion ; Moore is in the southeastern portion of the city, and bounded by Wilmington, Martin, Hargett and Person streets. In naming the streets, the commissioners first hon- ored the eii>'ht judicial districts into which the State was divided, viz. : Those of Edenton, New Bern, Wil- mington, Hillsboro, Halifax, Salisbury, Fayette- ville and Morgan. The street leading from the centre of Union Square, perpendicularly thereto toward the north, was called Halifax street ; that to the east New 38 HISTORICAL RALEIGH knMlliLli.HllllLlimlllllJh..illlllliiinllliLliiMillillinMllJilllnMiailJh,iMllil]lnMl^ lillUlMiillilliiiMllIll lllllllnMilillJl llllllmnlllLl llllilniilllt^ Up = to = Date Undertakers and embalmers <^ <& c ' Street, RALEIGH, N. O. iil||lliiiiiiifiiiiiii|]piiiiii|lj|[liiiiii(|piiiiiiil^i ifiiiiiiijpiii"iifiiiiiiiiirii'»iiifiiiiiiiifriiiiini mmmmmmmm-^^m^mmm^mmmm.^^mm-^mmmmm^m-^^^^mmm^^ . Tiowcrs and Plants Cut Flowers of Rosest Carnations and other choice kinds for all occasions. Boquets and Floral Designs at short notice. Palms, Ferns and all kinds of pot and outdoor bed- ding plants. Magnolias, Evergreens and Shade Trees. Vegetable Plants in their season. All mail or telegraph orders promptly attended to. H. STEINMETZ. Florist V ^^hone 115 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 39 Bern; that to the south Fayetteville, and that to the west Hillsboro. These are 99 feet, all the others are 66 feet wide, their width being prescribed by the act of 1791. The streets running east and west along the north and the south side of Union Square, were called, re- spectively, Edenton and Morgan. Those running north and south, along the east and west side, were called, respectively, Wilmington and Salisbury. The other streets ( with the exception of those most remote from Union Square, which, being the boundary streets, were called North, East, South and West) were named, firstly, after the nine Commissioners on Location. This left four streets. In naming them, the commissioners concluded to compliment the Speaker of the Senate, William Lenoir; the Speaker of the House, Stephen Cabarrus ; the former owner of the land, Joel Lane, and lastly. General William Rich- ardson Davie. William Lenoir was Speaker of the Senate. He was in the Revolution, and further distinguished as the President of the Board of Trustees of the State University. An eastern town and western county are named in his honor. Stephen Cabarrus, of Chowan, was an immigrant from France, and for several years Speaker of the House of Commons. He was a man much beloved by the people of the whole State. Joel Lane, of Wake, had represented this county in the Colonial Assemblies, the State Congress and the State Senate. William Richardson Davie was a gallant cavalry officer in the Revolution. After the war he was an eminent lawyer, and renowned as an advocate of edu- cation. As a delegate from North Carolina to the Con- stitutional Convention of 1787 and in the State Con- 40 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. Carolina Crust Company gapital stock $100,000 grn sts ^ Z oans ^ ffianhing ^ Safe deposits Transacts a General Banking and Savings Banking Business. :: :: :: Also Acts as Financial Agent for the Floating of Stocks and Bonds of municipal « Railroad ii Kottoti mills Hnd Other Corporations. Acts as Executor, Administrator, Guardian, Trustee, Assignee, Receiver, Broker, Agent. Interest paid on Deposits in Savings Department. "Home Savings " boxes, strong and convenient, furnished with- out cost. Officers : W. W MILLS, President. LEO D. HEARTT, Vice President and General Manager. ROBERT C. STRONG, Trust Officer and General Counsel. WILLIAM HAYES, Cashier. Directors : JAMES WEBB, J. D. RIGGAN. CHARLES B. HART ALEXANDER WEBB, JHLIUS LEWIS, LEO D. HEARTT, F.T.WARD, W.W.MILLS, ALLEN J. RUFFIN, W. C. PETTY, P. R. ALBRIGHT. ROBERT C. STRONG. OFFICES IN Carolina Crust ffiuildin^ « « IRaktgb, in« C« IIIISTOUICAL KALEIGH. 41 ventions of 17SS and 1789 lie was an advocate of the ratification of the Federal Constitution. He was af- terwards Governor of the State, and, on the prospect of a war with France, was appointed by President Adams a Brigadier-General in the Army of the United States. He was selected by the President as one of the three special envoys to France who succeeded in averting- the war. Parallel to Edenton and Morgan streets, north of the capitol, are Jones and Lane ; to the south, Hargett, Martin, Davie, Cabarrus and Lenoir. Parallel to Wilmington and Salisbury are, to the east, Blount, Person and BloodAvorth; to the west, McDowell, Daw- son and Harrington. The commissioners made their report to the General Assembly of 1792, and it was adopted. It was en- acted that ^^the several streets represented in the plan, and the public square whereon the Statehouse is to be built, shall be called and forever known by the names given to them respectively by the commissioners afore- said." It was also enacted that the other four public squares shall be called and known by the names of Caswell, Moore, Nash and Burke squares, but the names w^ere not made irrepealable. The following is the original plan : Counting the two boundary streets, thero are from north to south 12 streets, of which 11 are GG feet wide and one 99 feet ; from east to west there are 11 streets, of which 10 are GG feet wide and one 99 feet. From north to south there are 18 one-acre lots ; from east to west 16 one-acre lots. Including the boundary streets, the city was 4,581 feet from north to south, and 4,097 2-8 from east to west, supposing that the lots are 208 2-:\ feet square. If the lots are 210 feet square, as they are usually estimated, then the distance is, north to south, 4,605 feet, east to w^est 4,059. 42 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. HICKS' CAPUDINE CURES NEURALGIA, LA GRIPPE, COLDS, SICK HEADACHES, ETCj^l^jSij^jSl^ Has no effect on the heart or head, and does not produce a habit. Will prevent colds if taken immediateU' after exposure. :: :: :: SOLD III ALL DRyG SIES, 15. 25 fli 50 GfNIS II BOIILE. AND AT FOUNTAINS. J M. BROUGHTON. T. B. MOSELEY. irick houie - r^octern •iouse ow lerh cW /0 douuble LOTS TQK rSAU'V ESTABLISHED 1888 Real Estate Ciif Piooefiy m Forms Bought, Sold, Exchanged and Rented to ADVANTAGE. J. M. BROUGHTON &> CO., RALEIGH, N. C. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 43 The plan was not, lioAvever, a perfect rectangle. Be- tween Lane and North streets, at the northeast and northwest corners, were left out three lots of one acre each, and between Lenoir and South streets, at the southeast and southwest corners, were left out three lots of one acre each, or a total of twelve acres. There were, therefore, only ten lots fronting on North and ten fronting on South street. All the public squares are four acres each, except Union, which is about six acres. All the private squares are four acres each, except those along Hills- boro street and New Bern Avenue on both sides, those along Halifax and Fayetteville streets on both sides, and those along North, East, South and West streets (within the original corporate limits), which are not, mathematically speaking, squares, but rectangles of two acres each. The acres as laid out by surveyor Christmas were each 208 2-3 feet square (the true acre), but the conventional acre of 210 feet square has been adopted practically. This departure and the variation of the compass since have caused consider- able confusion in the boundaries of lots and streets. The city, as thus laid off, contained 400 acres, ar- ranged in five squares of four acres each, and 276 lots of one acre each. Joel Lane deserved the honor of having a street named after him, not only because he was the owner of the site, but because of his military services as colo- nel of militia, and his representing the county of Wake in the Colonial Assemblies, the State Con- gresses and the State Senate, and whose ancestors had been useful citizens in the Albemarle country and then in Halifax. The grandsons of his brother Jesse Lane became eminent in distant States. General Jo- seph Lane was Federal Senator from Oregon, and can- didate for the Vice-Presidency on the Breckinridge 44 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. k &j&;&a> :&:&;ata aiA;aiA A;aiSk2k aidk«^A& « I John C. Dretpri), f RALEIGH, N. C. I ...State Hpent... 7T% $ The Best, Largest and Strongest Life and % Fire Insurance Companies Represented. 5^ 5=. 5*5* * ^^:$:$:jg: € «^:^:€:€€€$:€€€€€€€€€^€€€$ :« €^:^$:€€€€€€€^ HISTOIUCAL RALEIGH. 45 ticket; George W. Lane was District Judge of the United States for Alabama. Joel Lane's de- scendants, through his son Henry — two of whose daughters married the eminent lawyer, Moses Morde- cai— are still among us. One of these is Samuel F. Mordecai, Esq., of the Raleigh Bar, who properly ranks with the ablest law^yers in the State. The plan of the city thus laid out and adopted by the General Assembly continued unchanged for over sixty years. The area was one square mile, but by the acts of the General Assembly of 1856-'57, the corpor- ate limits were extended one-fourth of a mile each way. Within this new part other streets have been opened : In the eastern part Swain street, after Da- vid L. Swain, who held the posts of legislator. Solici- tor, Judge, Governor, and President of the Univer- sity; Linden Avenue, a fancy name; Watson, Hay- ^\ood and Elm streets; Oakwood Avenue. West of the capitol, Boylan Avenue, after William Boy- Ian; Saunders street, after Eomulus M. Saunders, long a public servant as member of our General As- sembly and of Congress, Judge, and Minister to Spain. Xorth of the capitol are Peace street, after William Peace, a leading merchant for many years, and after whom Peace Institute is named ; Betts street ; Johnson street, after Albert Johnson, connected with the Ra- leigh and Gaston Railroad from its completion to a few years ago as superintendent of shops and superin- tendent of the road; Polk street, after Col. William Polk; and Tucker street. South of the capitol are Smithfield street, after the town of Smithfield ; Can- non street, after Robert Cannon, once a leading citi- zen and owner of the land through which it runs; Bat- tle street, after Hon. Kemp P. Battle, Professor of History, University of North Carolina; Manly street, after Charles Manlv, Governor, and for many years 46 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. ii|illlill]ni Mlll[l:i.NlllllillirllliiLll ' iMlllllllllll[lllj IlllllllirMljlljIli ll JOLLY & WYNNE JEWELRY CO. 128 FAYETTEVILLE STREET Jewelers and Opticians A (S ) ■« -t j^i &» ^ts^^^^ ^IteK o n jjp|j^fi3 ^^^^s 3 w iH^I^^^P^ i9l^£i O o tWrn^^^^^^ s^^lKlu (& « ImB^^pJU:^^ aW^^h^bI -t WSK^/Cfr^''^^ ^^v^wiI^^Ir &> o |WB«a^^:^.'«p|^A g^^u^y^» ■O 3 H^^|u^:;;y^ ^ ^ w^^^A^^^' v> V> ^ ^ 1 Fine iUatch and Jewelry Repairina If there is an3lhing the matter with your eyes or 3-our glasses, let us make them right. No charge 'for examination. :; :: :: :: :: Jolly & Wynne Jemelry Co. %iiiii( f ii!'iiipiii"i lf i"iu i||p iiiin| ]yil ii i n lT;p iii i il |f lliiiilf.i"ilfii''il ||p ii HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 47 identified with the University as its Secretary and Treasurer ; Fowle street, after our distinguished Gov- ernor, whose sudden death was such a shock to our State; Blake street, after the late John C. Blake; Pugh street, after John Pugh Haywood ; Worth, Hun- ter, Jenkins, Railroad, McKee, Canister and Grape streets. FIRST SALE OF LOTS. The same commissioners who located the city made the first sale of lots, one acre each. The square on which Dr. Hogg lives, bought by General Davie, brought |254 — the two lots fronting on Wilmington street, |60 each ; the two others on Blount street |66 and |68 respectively. The lot (No. 211) on which the Supreme Court and Agricultural Buildings are situ- ate brought |263. At this sale. Treasurer John Hay- wood — grandfather of Mr. Ernest Haywood — pur- chased the site on which the latter now resides (on New Bern Avenue), and in 1793 erected thereon the house which has been the residence of the Haywood family to this day. Raleigh is situated about the centre of the State, and is in latitude 35 degrees 47 minutes north, longi- tude 78 degrees 48 minutes Avest, a little to the north- east of the geographical centre of the State. It is lo- cated in a gently-rolling region of the oldest Lauren- tian system. Average temperature: Spring, 58.7; summer, 77.6 ; autumn, 61.0 ; winter, 43.2 — comparing favorably with Los Angeles, Mexico, Naples and Rome. During the Civil War it was designated by a board of eminent surgeons, appointed to select sites for hospitals, as one of the several sites in the State most suitable for that purpose, because of its remark- able salubrious climate, combining as far as possible all influences conducive to convalescence of invalids 48 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. Iiotel Dorsett FAYETTEVILLE STREET «^ ^ RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA. "*% CENTRALLY ^ %» LOCATED ^ \^ $ N E W L Y f. ^ FURNISHED fl^ -='^^^'"2^^^^ The best Two Dollar hotel in the State. Best table, best rooms, best service, and the most courteous consideration for guests and visitors. : : : : : : : : : : W. L. DORSETT S. 5. ?. 5. Proprietor. W. W. NEWMAN ?. 5. ?. ?. Manager. HLSTOKICAL RALEIGH. 49 and health of attendants. The fine old trees which were spared by the original settlers, but rapidly dis- appearing with city improvements, gave it the sobri- quet of the "City of Oaks.'' At the southeast corner of the Capitol Square it will be observed there are three large stones set in the earth, being about four feet apart, and all aparently three feet in height. Between two of these stones, and nearly level therewith, is another though smaller stone, into which is cut a cross mark, representing the points of the compass. The question is frequently asked concerning the significance of these stones and mark. The answer is found in the above reference to the longitude and latitude of the city. This was offi- cially determined many years ago under direction of the United States Geodetic Survey, and these stones were then erected to mark the spot from which the officials took their reckoning. The altitude of Raleigh is 363 feet, denoted by an in- scription on a small copper plate, set in the corner- stone of the capitol, on the north side of the building. This was authorized by the United States Geological Survey, which, through its Engineer, Mr. W. Carvel Hall, obtained permission from Governor Carr, in 1796, to make a permanent record of this fact in the manner above mentioned. TME FIRST STATEHOUSE. The proceeds of the sale of 1792 were used in build- ing the first Statehouse. The more ambitious term "capitoP' was not adopted until 1832. In November, 1791, the General Assembly met in it for the first time. Richard Dobbs Spaight was then Governor. He was killed in a duel eight years thereafter by John Stanly. 50 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. BIT iii i ifi ii i »i ip iii"iyi"ii l| pii''i' ilT Pi''''if'i'"i f i'' ' ''' iTT P' ' '^^ ESTABLISHED 1875 Walter Woollcott RALEIGH NORTH CAROLINA The Oldest Dry Goods House in Raleigh We keep full stock Dr}- Goods, Shoes and Milliner3\ :: :: :: :: :: :: Out-of-town business receives prompt attention. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: Jl jSl Institutions furnished at Low Prices jSl ^ ^in|ililli:in.l:!iiirijllllni,i!ili,MiilJl[i|i i iiililln,iilJl[lim^iljil]imHlllllii.ni^ rlHljii,iiiliil]|i,iiilJlLlNMMlilli iillllll Ullj|iiiiililLlinillllljli.iililiLll..iill]lljli;.illllLlniii It luill gicc us Jlli'JlJl' Ii'R pleasure to — T— rL-rL_fi__n_ examine your dravDings and to furnish terms. :: :: :: -ehe J.T.Jones Sheet Metss.! Works, RALEIGH, N. C. Slate. Tin and Iron Roofers and Manufacturers of OFoomeotai coroices, Skyiiis, oofl on mt oi orooifleotai m\ «eiQi m HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 51 The old Statehouse was smaller than the present structure, but the arrangement of the interior said to be about the same. The exterior was very plain. It was built of brick, made at the State brick-yards, which were situated on the northwest and southwest corners of Harrington and Hargett streets. These sites had been reserved for that purpose at the origi- nal sale of lots. It was intended that the Statehouse (as it was then called in the act of Assembly — a name taken from the United States of Holland) should front toward the east — "Orientalization" at that time being all the fashion. It was therefore built so as to look down New Bern Avenue in one direction, and Hillsboro street towards the west. This was continued when the present stone structure replaced the old. The same supposed necessity to front towards Jerusalem, says Dr. Kemp Battle, prompted the eminent French engineer, with the assent of Washington and other great officers, to plan the city of Washington with the capitol looking eastward. As there was no other public hall in the city, it is said the authorities were generous in opening the passages of the Statehouse below and halls above for Fourth of July dinners, theatrical performances, balls, and for religious services of all denominations. In 1819, five commissioners were appointed to sell all the public lands remaining unsold, except a tract not exceeding twenty acres, to be reserved for the rock quarry, and except the reservations at the corners of the city. The "Mordecai Grove,'' as it was called for many years, northeast of the city limits, owing to the spirited competition between Moses Mordecai, the successful bidder, and Col. William Polk, brought the unheard of price of |100 per acre. The lots near the city on the east and southeast averaged about f 50 per 52 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. JoI\i\ I^. bail Dealer in No. 117 EAST IVIARXIN STREET. Cash and Installment House. M. BOWES linnTII OTHTr A. T. KUESTER. MM 8111[ ! Repairing of Gas and Oil Motors Promptly Attended to. 5=. 5^ 5* ft. ^. 206 South Salisbury Street, RALEIGH. N. C. Globe Clothing House CORNER WILMINGTON STREET AND EXCHANGE PLACE OPPOSITE MARKET HOUSE. if ine 1fica(ly=ma(lc Mzn% youth's and Cbildren's Clotbittfl. Sample and Union-made Shoes a Specialty. it Hats, Gent's Furnishings, etc., J, j\/I. KOHN, altcays on hand. * 'proprietor. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 53 acre. The proceeds of this sale were directed to be used iu improving the Statehouse. The improvements were designed by and executed under the supervision of Capt. William Nichols ( Avho had been recently appointed State Architect), and completed early in the summer of 1822. He was a skillful and experienced artist, and made the public greatly his debtor for decided impulse given to archi- tectural improvements throughout the State, in pri- vate as well as in public edifices. The construction of the dome, the erection of the east and west porti- coes, the additional elevation and covering of stucco given to the dingy exterior walls, the improvement of the interior, and especially the location of the statue of Washington, fro^n the chisel of Canova, di- rectly under the apc^x of the dome, converted the renovated capitol into a sightly and most attractive edifice. There were l)ut few of the better class of travellers who did not pause on their passage through Raleigh to behold and admire it. ERECTION OF TME GOVERNOR'S "PALACE." The main body of the six hundred acres of land, re- tained after the first sale, lay to the east of Raleigh. I'here were fragments lying to the south, west and north of the old corporate limits. For the purpose of providing better accommodations for the Governor, who had occupied a plain residence of wood on the lot where the National Bank of Raleigh now stands, the General Assembly of 1813 ordered the sale of those portions described as extending from Sugg's branch on the southeast of the city, all south around the Pal- ace lot and west to the extreme northwest of the city, comprising about one hundred and eighty-four acres. 54 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. SUCCESSORS TO JULIUS LEWIS HARDWARE CO. RALEIGH, N. C. Distvibuting Agent, g^fgjjjjfp ^^^ ^^ „|gy gpj „|j(j[) p,||n|j BEST ON EARTH. All-Right Cook Stoves, the same your mother used, better than ever. Your money back if goods not exactly as represented. EVERYTHING IN HARDWARE. J. B. GREEN &» CO. (3rocene8, EAST HARGETT STREET, RALEIGH, N. C. Agents SOVEREIGN JAVA AND MOCHA COFFEE. THREE DRUGSTORES The OLDEST Drug Store in Raleigh is KING'S, corner of Favetteville and Hargett Streets. The NEWEST D'rug Store in Raleigh is KING'S, near A. and M. College. The BIGGEST Drug Store in Raleigh is KING'S, corner Martin and Wilmington Streets. Take 3'our choice. At either store 3^ou get prompt service, reasonable prices and "King Quality. " W. H. KING DRUG CO.. Raleigh, N. C IIISTOKICAL KALEIGH. 55 The prices paid were low, for the reason that the War of 1812 was then raging. Eight acres at the foot of Fayetteville street were reserved for the Governor's residence. Other reservations were the Rex Spring, near the Raleigh and Gaston depot, the spring near the Governor's Mansion, and that near the Colored Deaf and Dumb Institution. At this sale, John Rex, the philanthropist, bought for |481 fifteen and a half acres of land in the south- west part of the city, afterwards devised by him, with other property, for a hospital for the sick and afflicted poor of the city. The proceeds of sale were devoted to the building, under the superintendence of one Calder, as architect, of the Governor's 'Talace," at the foot of Fayetteville street, which was afterwards, in 1876, sold to the city of Raleigh, and the brick composing it used in the construction of the Centennial Graded School. Al- though outwardly plain and inwardly uncomfortable, it was considered grand on account of the magnitude of its halls and chambers, and was, therefore, in imita- tion of Tryon's residence, in New Bern, styled "The Palace." The first occupant was Governor William Miller, of Warren. Until 1794 the Chief Executive was not required to reside in Raleigh, but in that year the General Assem- bly required Ashe and future Governors to spend at least six months within its limits, exclusive of the time occupied by the General Assembly, and ordered that they should advertise the period of their sojourn in all the gazettes of the State. Four years later, in 1798, when Davie was Governor (doubtless with his approval, as he had purchased eligible Raleigh lots), an act was passed requiring the Governor to make the city of Raleigh his "place of common residence." Whenever he should leave his home for over ten days 56 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. PATRONIZE Watson's Photograph Gallery Satisfactory Results. Special Efforts to Please Every Patron. W. C. McMACKIN. V. S., MEMBER OF THE NORTH CAROLINA VETERINARY AND MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, RALEIGH, N. C OFHCE AND HOSPITAL, UO SOUTH SALISBURY STREET. TELEPHONE 214D. O. G. KING, Pharmacist CORNER WILMINGTON AND HARGETT STREETS, Only the Purest Drugs DATCTi^u xt r^ and Chemicals employed. KALlilvirl, IN. \^, HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 57 he must give notice by advertisement in the gazettes, and his private secretary was required to keep the Executive office open during his absence. BURNING OF ThjE STATEh|OUSE. On the morning of a bright summer day, the 21st of June, 1831, the citizens rising from their breakfasts were startled with the cry of ^^Fire!'' Volumes of smoke were seen issuing from the ventilators under the roof of the capitol. As the fire descended from the roof, where it had been kindled by the carelessness of a workman, there was ample time for saving most of the State papers, but all the acts of Assembly were destroyed. In the excitement, although there were numerous willing hands, their strength could not be organized for removing the ponderous Washington statue. It is said old citizens never forgot their hor- ror as they gazed on the beautiful marble, white hot and crumbling, among the forked tongues of flame, then shattered into fragments as the blazing timbers fell. Portions of the statue, including the body and some of the pedestal, are now preserved in the State Museum. This statue was of Carara marble, and was brought bv water to Fayetteville, and thence by mule power to Kaleigh. It is said to have been escorted into the city in grand style by the "Kaleigh Blues,'' the first military company organized at the capital. The magnificent oil painting of George Washington which now hangs on the eastern wall of the House of Representatives, was in the burning building, and the only valuable that was rescued from the flames. 5 58 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. EXCELLENT TASTE SHOWN IN THE SELECTION OF MEANS AN ATTRACTIVE HOME. There are hundreds of such homes in North Carolina which have been furnished b}' us. Such taste and discrimination does not neces- saril}- mean a large outla}- of mone}', for we have Furniture designed after the time of Sir Walter Raleigh down to the most modern, at moderate as well as at high prices. It's the knowing Where to Buy I If \'ou visit our store You Will Know ! Mail Orders prompth^ attended to. IRoyall ^ ffiorden ipurniture Co*, CjRNER WILMINGTON AND HARGETT STREETS, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 59 The handsome bronze statue of Washington, which stands at the south front of the eapitol, was erected in 1857. Other monuments are the speaking bronze statue of Zebulon V. Vance, unveiled August 22, 1900, the cost of which was |7,000, and the Confederate Monument, erected in 1895, costing $28,000. From the time of the burning of the old till the erec- tion of a new eapitol, the sessions of the General As- sembly were usually held in the Governor's "Palace.'' THE NEW CAPITOL. The narrow escape from losing the archives of the State, experienced in the burning of the first eapitol, determined the leaders of public opinion to provide the present noble fire-proof structure of granite. There was formidable opposition to a liberal appro- priation. A convention was expected to be called in order to secure changes in the Constitution, and the effort to have the seat of government at another point Avas resumed. Tradition says that Haywood, at the junction of the Cape Fear and HaAv, lacked only one vote to defeat Raleigh. The record does not support this, as the bill to appropriate |50.000 for rebuilding on the old site passed by 73 to 60 in the House and 35 to 28 in the Senate. In considering the amount it should appropriate for rebuilding the eapitol, the General Assembly at first thought 150,000 quite sufficient, and that was the amount appropriated. The commissioners having charge of the erection of the building, soon discovered this amount would barely pay for the completion of the foundation alone. They accordingly expended the entire sum, although apparently there was no warrant of law for so doing. However, the act granting the 60 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. B. W. UPCHURCH'S MODERN GASH GROCERY THREE STORES IN ONE AND THE MOST ATTRACTIVE IN THE CITY notbiwfl but the Best goods fjatidlcd. We invite 3'ou to call. Mail Orders promptl}' filled. Ask for our weekly price list— the "HUSTLER. " No. 15 E. Hargetx Street, N. C. HISTORICAL KALEIGH. 61 a])propriation was construed in favor of their action, and sufficient additional sums; amounting in the ag- gregate to 1530,684.15, appropriated to complete one of the most imposing edifices of the kind to be found anywhere, at that time at least, in the United States. Two architects were consulted — William Nichols (who repaired the old building in 1820) and Ithiel Town, of New York. The latter acted for a short wliile as the chief director, but soon his services were dispensed with and the work was left to W. S. Drum- mond. Col. Thomas Bragg, father of Governor Bragg, and David Paton, superintendents of different branches. Paton was the chief draughtsman. Of the skilled laborers emploved from time to time somp ^p^- tled in Raleigh, and their descendants are among our best citizens. William Stronach, father of Messrs. A. B., Frank, and the late Geo. T. and Wm. C. Stronach, w^as the contractor for the foundation. The late Patrick Mc- Gowan, at that time working at his trade as a stone-' mason, was also engaged on the work. Silas Burns, A^'ho for many years was the proprietor of the onlv foundry here, was later given the contract for con- structing the iron fence. This last was removed in 1898, and now encloses the old City Cemetery. Mr. Burns was the father of Mrt^. Juo. W. Cole, now living in the northern suburbs of Kaleigh. The new building was completed in 1840. It is 160 feet in length from north to south, by 140 feet from east to west. The whole height is 97 1-2 feet in the centre. The apex of pediment is 64 feet in height. The stylobate is 18 feet in height. The columns of the east and west porticoes are 5 feet 2 1-2 inches in diameter. An entablature, including blocking course, is continued around the building, 12 feet high. 62 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. ^hlMlllIljll..Mliil|i,,Mljlbl,HMljlb|.,,H'jll)llMHljiLl|„,,llilLN,M.!t|..:,..4''-inlM^ ■#!■,, l.liil)M,.|.t!lill, ..■llll]l„„.l% George N. Walters mmm mui] wm No. 115 Fagetteoille Street, RALEIGH, N. C ^iii"ii;f|^ii'i'i:]»|iiii':iiT^i»ni!]|;;iiii.yiniiTy'|i!iiii|yiiihM!yii.ii^ 31 YEARS IN THE SAME BUSINESS «? IN THE CITY OF RALEIGH -*? I EDWARDS @ BROUGHTON I Pn titers Binders Blank Book manufacturers # From the beginuing doing first-class work, with special attention to quick delivery and entire satisfaction. M^\ye are still on hand to serve all who may want any kind of printing or binding HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 63 The columns and entablature are Grecian Doric, and copied from the Temple of Minerva, commonly called the Parthenon, which was erected in Athens about 500 years before Christ. An octagon tower sur- rounds the rotunda, which is ornamented with Gre- cian cornice, etc., and its dome is decorated at top with a similar ornament to that of the Choragic Mon- ument of Lysicrates, commonly called the Lanthorn of Demosthenes. Governor Swain, who was then Chief Magistrate, laid the corner-stone on July 4, 1833. Note. — In the preparation of som;- of the foresjoini^ articles the author has availed himself of the several very able and interesting papers heretofore published from the pen of don. Kemp P. Battle, to whom he desires, in this manner, to return thanks for the per- mission granted. FIRST CITY GOVERNMENT. The first act for the government of the city was passed February 7, 1795. The act did not vest the control of the city with its citizens. Seven ap- pointees of the General Assembly, styled Commission- ers (the usual name for public agents appointed for special purposes) were vested with the government for three years. When their term was about to ex- pire in 1797, it was renewed. In 1801, there was a similar renewal, and three others were appointed "as additional and permanent Commissioners. '^ Only in case of death, refusal or resignation could the citizens have a vote to fill the vacancy. These Commissioners were vested with the right to make laws for the gov- ernment of the city, and also to choose an Intendant of Police, charged with the execution of the laws, and also a Treasurer, out of their number, to hold office for one year, and a Clerk to hold during good behav- 64 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. THAT TRADE-MARK ON EVERY BAG GUARANTEES SATISFACTORY RESULTS 15 BRANDS For all Crops, Soils and Conditions WRITE us OR ASK YOUR DEALER FOR TESTIMONIALS SOLD EVERYWHERE 8 PHOSPHATE AND FERTILIZER RALEIGH, >sr. C. IIISTOKICAL KALKKJII, G5 ior. The Intendant held his office indefinitely, as did the Commissioners. None of these officers were re- quired to be residents of the city, and some of them are known not to have been such. Raleigh, therefore, for the first few years of its life was very far from be- ing free. No evil, hoAvever, resulted to the people from this long withholding of their freedom, because the Commissioners were men of wisdom and fairness. They were John Haywood, Dugald McKeethan, John Marshall, John Rogers, John Pain, James Mares and John Craven, Avho were properly the first City Fa- thers. Those added in 1797 were Joshua Sugg, Wil- liam Polk and Theophilus Hunter. John Rogers was a member of the Legislature from Wake, and was a non-resident. Joshua Sugg, William Polk and The- ophilus Hunter, though OAvners of lots in the corpor- ate limits, did not reside therein. John Haywood, who was elected by them "Intend- ant of Police," was the first chief executive officer. It Avas not until 1803, elcA en years after the sale of lots, that, in the judgment of the General Assembly, the city AA^as sufficiently populous to supply officers whose homes must be in the city limits. A regular charter was granted. The Commissioners, seven in number, as well as the Intendant of Police, were to be elected by freemen having the qualification of residence and of owning land within the city. Free negroes were included among the freemen. The name of Mayor was not adopted until 1856. The name Commissioners gave way to the word Alder- men in 1875. The Commissioners claimed the right to force the citizens to patrol the city at night, distributing them for the purpose into twenty classes of six each, one of the number being captain. When the public mind was disturbed bv frantic terrors of insurrections 66 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. among the slaves, as it was during the alleged insur- rection headed by Frank Sumner in 1802, and the Nat Turner atrocities of 1831, there was no difficulty in procuring efficient action by this unpaid police. But in tranquil times the penalty of one dollar fine for non-attendance, authorized in 1814, became necessary. It was the "fashion, however, to avoid the penalty by hiring substitutes, some men almost making a living by taking the places of sleep-loving principals. Slaves not on their owners' premises vrere required to have written "passes," as they were called, after a designa- ted early hour of the night, on the penalty of receiving a whipping for the lack thereof, and also of being locked up if their behavior led to suspicion or crime. The adventures of the night-watch and their morning report were a notable part of the gossip of the com- munity. There were no policemen or day watchmen at all, one man, called the constable, being regarded sufficient to keep order during the day. The city comprised but three wards until the Gen- eral Assembly of 18T4-'75 divided it into five. This continued until 1895, when it was changed to four. The following have been the chief officers of the city, either as Intendants of Police, or Mayor, as the case may be : John Haywood, Wm. White, Wm. Hill, Dr. Calvin Jones, John Marshall. Jno. S. Eobeteau, Sterling Yancey, Joseph Gales, Weston R. Gales, Wm. 0. Carrington, Thomas Loring, Wm. Dallas Haywood, Wm. H. Harrison, C. B. Boot, Wesley Whitaker, Joseph W. Holden, John C. Gorman, Jo- seph H. Separk, Basil C. Manly, W. H. Dpdd, Alf. A. Thompson, Thos. Badger, W. M. Buss. A. M. Powell is the present incumbent. John Haywood (father of the late Dr. E. Burke Haywood) was the only Intendant elected by the Commissioners. The first Intendant to be elected by HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 67 the people was Wm. White, who ^as chosen to that office in 1803. He was born in 1TG2, died m 1811. Wm. Hill was the next incumbent, and was born m Surrv County in 1773 ; he died in 1857. EARLY irShABlTANTS. ^ ' They who have no reverence and affection for t^^^ memory of their ancestors can make no just claim to the remembrance of posterity. Among the most illustrious men of Kaleigh's early history who honored it with their residence, and gave to the city and State the benefit of their wise counsel, and whose descendants are living among us now, w^ere, Jas F. Taylor, elected Attorney-General m 1825; Joseph Gales, founder of the Raleigh Register; Wm. Bovlan, editor and publisher of the Minerva; Moses MoVdecai, a distinguished lawyer, who died at the early age of twenty-nine years; John H. Bryan who represented this district in Congress m 1823; R. M. Saunders, a distinguished lawyer and statesman, who died in 1866 ; Wm. H. Haywood, elected United States Senator in 1842; Geo. E. Badger, Secretary of the Navv in 1842; Wm. Hill, Secretary of State; Ma]. Chas. L. Hinton, and many others whose names are not now recalled. . ^ , . , i, Joseph Gales became an inhabitant of Raleigh when the place was but seven years old. He came here m 1799 from Sheffield, England, and established the Raleigh Register, which was continuously published for more than sixtv vears. After the death of Joseph Gales the paper was published by his son Weston JR., and later by a grandson, Seaton Gales. Joseph Gales was for manv vears State printer. He established the first paper-mill in this section, on Rocky Branch, thence removed to Crabtree Creek. In politics he 68 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. belonged to the dominant party, the Eepublican, and when that was disrupted in Jackson's time he be- came a Whig. Joseph Gales had the distinction of being the first to practice stenography in the United States, and was the first official stenographer to re- port the proceedings of Congress. He died in 1842, aged eighty years. The name of no man is more honorably connected with Raleigh's early history than that of William Boylan, who came here the same year as did Mr. Gales. Mr. Boylan was from New Jersey, coming to North Carolina in 1791, when he located at Fayetteville, where, with his uncle, Abraham Hodge, he published, in 1796, the Fayetteville Minerva. After his removal here in 1799, he continued the publication of the pa- per, which advocated Federalist principles. Mr. Boy- lan was often a Commissioner of the city, and was at one time President of the State Bank. He was an active promoter of the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, and at one time its president. A man of the highest integrity, kind hearted and generous, his hand was always open to deserving charity. A large number of his descendants are living among us to-day. He was born in 1777; died 1861. It has been said that it was Mr, Boylan who intro- duced the cultivation of cotton in this county. How- ever that may be, in this connection the following, with reference to the cotton-gin and baling of cotton in this State may prove interesting: Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton-gin, "cotton- machine," or "saw-gin," as it was then called, passed through Raleigh early in 1802, on his way from Charleston, S. C. (where he had been a school teacher, and had invented the cotton-gin) to his home in Con- necticut. It seems that the art of baling cotton was then in its infancy, for it was said that "Mr. Whitney HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 69 is in expectation of soon bringing forward an im- proved plan of packing cotton, which shall comprise an incredible quantity of cotton within a very narrow compass, and thereby make the cotton much easier of transportation than at present." ■ With reference to this cotton-gin, the General As- sembly, the same year — after considering "that the cultivation of cotton is increasing in this State, and from the invention and use of the saw-gin, likely to become a valuable staple article of exportation'^ — en- acted that '"the State of North Carolina do purchase from the said Miller and Whitney (the former being the owner of a one-half interest in the patent with Whitney, the inventor) the patent right to the mak- ing, using and vending the said new invention of a ma- chine for cleaning cotton from its seeds, commonly called a saw-gin, on the terms and conditions herein- after mentioned — that is to say, that there shall be laid and collected by the State of North Carolina, on each and every saw-gin which shall be used in this State, between the passing of this act and the first day of x\pril next, a tax of two shillings and six pence upon every saw, or annular row of teeth, which such gin may contain, and a tax of two shillings and six pence for each and every saw, or annular row of teeth, which shall be used in said gins, in each and every year, for the term of five years thereafter." The amounts collected for the vears 1802 and 1803, under the provisions of this act, were directed to be paid to said Whitney and Miller as the price of the patent right agreed upon between them and the State. The tax collected for the five years thereafter was, of course, appropriated by the State — for the encourage- ment, perhaps, of the cotton industry ! How long this continued to be the law must be left 70 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. to conjecture, as no record of any further legislation on the subject is found. One of the earlier ^^City Fathers" was William Polk, always called Col. William Polk, who built what was a grand residence in those days just out of the city limits, fronting Blount street. Later, in 1872, this house, after being owned by Hon. Kenneth Rayner for many years, was moved to one side to al- low for the extension of Blount street, and is some- times called the Park Place. William Peace was another of the earlier citizens. He and his brother Joseph, under the firm name of W. & J. Peace, opened a mercantile business on Fay- etteville street almost as soon as the city was founded, and so continued for many years. Because of his large contribution to the founding of Peace Institute, this widely and favorably known institution of learn- ing is named in honor of his memory. William Peck was also one of the early settlers, and conducted a store at the southeast corner of the Cap- itol Square. His son, Louis Peck, was his successor in business at the same stand. He died several years ago. John Rex, the founder of Rex Hospital, was one of the earlier citizens. He was said to be a grave, sedate, quiet, retiring, modest man, and accumulated a hand- some fortune, which he bequeathed to the endowment of the hospital here bearing his name. He died in 1839, aged seventy-four years. David Royster was also among the earlier residents, coming to Raleigh from Mecklenburg County, Ya., in 1801. His business was that of a cabinet-maker, which he conducted for more than sixty years, on the cor- ner of Hargett and Blount streets. He was a man of sterling character, and held high in public esteem. His death occurred in 1865, when in his eighty-ninth HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 71 year. One of his sons is Mr. David L. Royster (fa- ther of Mr. Vitruvius Royster, the efBcient assistant in the Superior Court Clerk's oflftce), who has been identified with Raleigh a lifetime, and at one period was a leading building contractor. In this city he has been a man of considerable influence. Miss Susie F. Iden, of Raleigh, an interesting and promising young writer of fiction, is a granddaughter of Mr. Royster. Another son of David Royster was the late Jas. D. Royster, a man of superior ability, also prominently identified, in his time, with the city and its interests. The older citizens remember him as a man upon whose judgment they could safely rely, and in matters of public interest his opinion was always valuable. He was the father of Dr. Wisconsin I. Royster, whose eminence as a physician, as well as a man of profound learning, is as wide as the State which delights to claim him as its Avorthy son, and the grandfather of Dr. Hubert Royster, who enjoys the enviable distinc- tion of being one of the most skillful surgeons and capable physicians ever in practice at the capital. The first number of the Raleigh Star made its ap- pearance in October, 1808. Messrs. Jones and Hen- derson were the publishers. This journal, under the control of various managements, had a useful career for more than forty years. Mr. Wm. M. Brown, now seventy-seven years of age, served his apprenticeship in this*^ office, which he entered in 1840. At this early period (1808) there were yet but few business houses, fhos. Burch, John Scott, Robert Cannon, Robert Callum, and Wm. Shaw were the lead- ing merchants. The population was then less than one thousand. James McKee and Lewis & Muse opened business a year or two later. All the stores were then on Fayetteville street and built of wood. 72 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. The town continued to jog along for a full decade, when it is found that John Stewart, James Coman, the Shaws, J. S. Robeteau, J. D. Xewsom, Alfred Jones, R. & W. Harrison, Richard Smith, B. B. Smith, and S. Birdsall had joined the mercantile ranks. Among these was Ruffin Tucker, father of the late Major R. S. Tucker, who began life a clerk in the store of SouthT Bond in 1815 at a salary of §25 per year. In 1818, in connection with his brother, Wm. C. Tucker, (who was a printer, and had worked for Col. Henderson, in the office of the Raleigh Star), he opened a store, with a cash capital of 1125, in a frame building of moderate dimensions on the site of the store now so ably conducted by Messrs. Dobbin & Ferrall. In 1829 Wesley Whitaker was manufacturing pianos on East Hargett street. W. 0. & R. Tucker had dissolved co-partnership by mutual consent, and each brother Avas prosecuting a successful business on his own account. The first millinery store was then being conducted by ^Irs. Andrews, while E. P. Guion, at the Guion Hotel, was advertising that he would ^•'accommodate boarders for |120 a year." Mrs. An- dreAvs was the mother of the late Ralph Andrews. John J. Briggs, father of the late Thos. H. Briggs, became identified with Raleigh in its early history, both industrially and religiously. He was a leading builder, and prominent as one of the founders of the Baptist church. Jacob Johnson should be remembered, too, for he was the trusted janitor of the Bank of the State, and conspicuous in the history of Raleigh because the father of a President of the United States — Andrew Johnson. John Stewart is said to have been among the first merchants in Raleigh. He married Hannah Paddi- HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 73 son, and many of their descendants are living among us now. Among these are Miss Susan Stewart, (the only surviving child), now seventy-five years of age; Miss Hannah Coley, Mrs. Walter Edwards, Mrs. W. H. Billings, and Messrs. Seymour and Chester Whit- ing, who are the grandchildren of John and Hannah Stewart. Hannah Paddison's mother, when a widow, married Peter Casso, the hotel keeper. When Presi- dent Johnson was born his father was an hostler at Casso's hotel, and Mrs. Casso gave the name of An- drew to the new-born child. W. H. Williams, in 1812, kept an apothecary (as drug stores Avere then termed, after the custom in England), and advertised that he ^'solicits a continu- ance of public patronage, either in the common way of making an apothecary of one's stomach, or tipon the new plan of no cure no pay," and adds, that ''the hon- est, temperate and industrious poor would be granted favors if desired.*' Eandolpli Webb's apothecary was established about 1820, on the corner of Fayetteville and Hargett streets. Subsequently the proprietors were Alfred Williams and Dr. F. J. Haywood. During the con- tinuance of this firm, in 1836, Mr. J. Ruffin Williams, then a youth of sixteen years, entered the store as clerk, continuing as such for several years, until 1840, when he became one of the proprietors with his brother and Dr. Haywood. This business had the longest existence of any firm ever established in Ea- leigh. Mr. Williams is still living, eighty-two years of age. He retired from business several years ago. The present proprietors are W. H. King & Co. J. J. Christophers, who was born in 1803, in his life- time was a man of much prominence and usefulness. He filled the office of City Clerk for a great number G 74 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. of years, and at one time was the owner of an entire square of real estate in the eastern part of the city. He lived to be ninety-one years of age. Edmund B. Freeman, for thirty-seven years Clerk of the Supreme Court, was an early resident of the capital. He was a native of Massachusetts and born in 1796. His first wife was a sister of Albert Stith, a merchant of Raleigh in the forties. Mr. Freeman was a grandfather of our efficient and popular City Clerk, Mr. Ham Smith. Jacob Marling was another early resident. He had some local celebrity as a portrait and landscape painter. A specimen of his work is now in the State Library, loaned for exhibition by Dr. F. J. Haywood. It is a representation of the capitol as it was previous to its destruction by fire in 1831. The Haywood resi- dence at the head of Fayetteville street is also repre- sented in the picture. Mrs. Marling kept a millinery store on Fayetteville street, in the building occupied by A. D. Royster & Bro. In the entire history of Raleigh it would be difficult to think of a man who, in his day, was more identified with the general welfare of the people, or who contrib- uted more to their substantial good, than the late Dr. F. J. Haywood. He was born in Raleigh in 1803. In the practice of his profession he became one of the most eminent physicians in the State. His character and ability as a medical man was no greater, however, than that which he sustained in his private relations, for in these he was distinguished as one who revered the golden rule, and who never turned a deaf ear to the cry of the distressed, from whatever source it was heard. He married in 1831 Martha Helen Whitaker. She passed away on the 22d of July, 1902. She had many warm friends, especially among the older inhab- tants. At her death she was ninety-one years of age. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. < -3 AV. T. Bain, whose name is so prominently associa- ted with Masonic history, was also intimately con- nected with the early times of Kaleigh. A man of purer heart and more charitable disposition our peo- ple had never known. He was born in 1793, and died in is(;7— ao-ed seventy-four years. The late Donald W. Bain was his honored son. DR. F. .1. HAYWOOD, Died iu 1880; aged seventy-six years. Frank P. Haywood, who passed away in 1900, be- fore his death was Raleigh's oldest inhabitant. He was born here in 1810, and Avas one of Dr. McPheeters' pupils at the Ealeigh Academy, the only school here in the early part of the century. Mr. Haywood was a gentle and kind-hearted man, and beloved by a wide circle of friends. J. r. S. Lumsden for many years before his death (which occurred but recently), was prominently iden- 76 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. tified with the business history of Kaleigli. Some time before the Civil War he opened a store of small dimensions on the Hillsboro road, just outside the city, and in 1878 resumed business on Fayetteville street, conducting the same successfully until his death in 1901. He had been alderman and held other positions of honor and trust. Mr. Lumsden was the father of Mr. Chas. F. Lumsden, our present efficient and very popular City Tax Collector. Few men ever lived in Raleigh for whom the people had higher regard than Mr. Ralph Andrews, or ''Un- cle Rafe,'- as he was familiarly called. He was a blacksmith by trade, and for many years before his death had conducted a shop on South Salisbury street. Retiring and modest in disposition and gentle in man- ner, there were none but could claim 'T^ncle Rafe'' as their friend. He died the present year (1902), aged seventy-four years. Mr. Andrews was a brother of Wm. Andrews, one of the old-time constables of Ra- leigh. E. D. HayneSj a most worthy and industrious man, at the time of his death, in 1894, had been a resident for more than sixty years. He was a cabinet-maker, his first work being with the late H. J. BroAvn, who conducted a business of that character. Mr. Haynes was a good citizen, a very superior mechanic, and a high-toned, honorable gentleman. Some men are forgotten as soon as they die — others leave evidences of good deeds, Avliich continue to groAv in the affections of the people as time passes. Of the latter class was J. Stanhope Pullen, who was born here in 1822. During this good man's life he did as much, if not more, to make Raleigh the beautiful and lovely city that it is to-day than any other of its citi- zens. He was one of the foremost promoters of the late improvements in the northeastern part of the HISTORICAL RALEIGH. < < city, gave to Raleigh tlie beautiful park that bears his name, and was a liberal contributor to many of the schools, charitable institutions and churches in the city. The good deeds of Mr. Pullen live after him, and his memorv will be perpetuated in the history of the capital of his native State. He died in 1895, aged seventv-three years. TheNaluable citizen is he who makes the greatest impress for good upon the community in which he lives. Thomas H. Briggs, who died in 1886, at the age of sixty-five, was one of those whose enterprise as a citizen and kind deeds as a Christian man entitle him to the fond remembrance of our whole people. Mr. Briggs was for many years the leading contractor and builder of Raleigh— first on his own account, and for manv vears as the leading member of the firm of Briggs & bodd. For several years before his death he conducted with much success a hardware business^ on Fayetteville street, in which he was succeeded by his sons, Thos. H. Briggs, Jr., and Jas. A. Briggs, who are now its proprietors, under the name and style of T. H. Briggs & Sons. OLDER LIVING INHABITANTS. Among the older living inhabitants must be men- tioned Mr. Jno. R. Taylor, who was born in 1817, and has lived here eighty-three years— since he was two years of age. He remembers well Andrew Johnson, the tailor President. Mr. Taylor is still living, though his eyesight has all bat failed. He has always been a man of high integrity, and at one time was one of property and influence. Mr. W. A. Taylor, the well known Favetteville street tailor, is his eldest son. 78 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. Few men have been more identified with Raleigh's early history than Mr. W. M. Brown, who is now sev- enty-seven years of age. He was born here in 1825, in a log cabin which stood on the northeast corner of Morgan and Person streets. In those days framed buildings were luxuries. Mr. Brown was but a lad when the capitol was being erected, and worked at the old rock quarry in the eastern part of the city, helping the stone-cutters by running errands. Later he learned the art of printing. His father was Neal Brown, a boyhood friend of x4.ndrew Johnson. Mr. Brown is a man of high character, of unassuming manner, and held in high esteem by a wide circle of friends. In connection with Mr. W. M. Utley, in 1879, he established the Evening Visitor. For some time he has been in feeble health. Mr. J. Ruffin Williams is another of the older resi- dents. He came to Raleigh in 1836. (A more ex- tended notice of Mr. Williams will be found in the reference to early inhabitants.) One of the best-knoAvn men to the older inhabitants of Raleigh is Dr. Thomas D. Hogg. He has been the pioneer in many useful enterprises inaugurated here and in the State, although some of them he did not carry beyond the experimental stage. Doctor Hogg is thoroughly familiar with a great many scientific subjects, of a practical nature, and takes the keenest interest in all the great economic questions or prob- lems of general importance. In aiding the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad Company at a critical period, and performing a like service for the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad Company, he rendered the State val- uable services. The same is true of his connection with the erection of the Central Hospital for the In- sane and of the duties discharged by him as an inspec- HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 79 tor of the North Carolina Railroad. Dr. Hogg is now seventy-five years of age. No man in Raleigh's history' has been more essen- tially identified with its people and their interests than Mr. Chas. B. Root, who has been a resident since 1837. After a brief residence he embarked in the jew- elry and watchmaking business, which he conducted very successfully until 1860,when he then retired from trade. He married in 1848 Miss Anna F. Gales, daugh- ter of Weston R. Gales, and granddaughter of Joseph Gales, founder of the Raleigh Register. Mr. Root has filled many places of honor and trust, among them the presidency of the Raleigh Gas Works, to which posi- tion he was elected in 1860. For several terms he has been alderman, and during the Civil War was Mayor, during which time he refused to accept any compensa- tion whatsoever, choosing rather — be it said to his great credit — to devote the same to benevolent objects and purposes. No man has ever lived among us who was more beloved by our whole people than Charles B. Root. He is now eighty-three years of age, and for one of his years remarkably vigorous. One of the oldest native-born citizens, and who is yet abiding with us, is Richard Bullock Seawell, now eighty-four years of age. He is the youngest son of Henry Seawell and Grizzelle Hinton Seawell, and was born in the house now owned by Dr. Hogg on the northeast corner of Wilmington and Lane streets, May 26, 1818. He engaged extensively in agriculture the greater portion of his life, but becoming embar- rassed by the results of the Civil War, he surrendered his vast estate to the payment of debts and has since resided in the city. He has been intimately associa- ted with many of the historical events of Raleigh. His faculties are remarkably vigorous for one of his advanced age. 80 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. Our venerable and esteemed townsman Mr. W. C. Upchurch is another citizen of the olden time. He came here in 1833 — nearly sixty-nine years ago, and shortly thereafter opened a grocery store on Hargett street near Wilmington, which he conducted with suc- cess during his whole business career, until five 3'ears ago. In the early part of his business life he was in copartnership with the late W. H. Holleman. He is now in the eighty-ninth year of his age. Mr. Up- church has sixty-seven living descendants. One of these is Mr. B. W. Upchurch, a grandson, who is a prominent Hargett street grocery merchant. Major Moses A. Bledsoe has been a resident of Ra- leigh since 1840, coming from Franklin county in that year. He married a Miss Hunter, a descendant of Theophilus Hunter, and before the Civil War was a man of much property and influence. He is now in the eightieth year of his age. Major Bledsoe and the late W. W. Yass were clerks, late in the thirties, in the store of John Eaton, in Henderson. Mr. E. B. Thomas, who has been an inhabitant for half a century, is a native of Wake, and came here first as a teacher of the Western Ward common school. Ko community was ever blessed with a more honora- ble citizen and devoted Christian, nor one more faith- ful in all his relations of life. He is the father of Mr. W. G. Thomas, proprietor of the Xorthside Phar- macy. Mr. Thomas is now eighty-one years of age. Mordecai B. Barbee, Hugh W. Earp, Wm. A. Lamb, survivors of the Mexican War, are others who must be numbered with the older inhabitants. Mr. Barbee has resided here for half a century, coming to Raleigh from Chatham, the county of his birth, in 1852. For many years he was in the coach-making business, but for a quarter of a century past has been the leading Justice of the Peace of Raleigh. HISTOIUCAL KALEKai. 81 ^Ir. Earp was born here, and is now more than eighty years of age and quite feeble. He has been always noted for his modesty, integrity, and fulfilled all his relations of life with fidelity. In earlier life ]Mr. Earp was a shoemaker by trade. He stood high among his craftsmen, and had always the good will of his numerous customers and the public. Mr. Lamb, the remaining survivor mentioned above, well known as a worthy mechanic, has always stood well with his fellows, and been properly regarded as a man of superior skill in his trade. He is now sev- enty-four years of age. FIRES AND FIRE ENGINES IN RALEIGH'S EARLY HISTORY. In the settlement of all communities, which are at first but mere villages, the dwellings and places of business are nearly always of wood. Many fires must necessarily be experienced before more durable and pretentious buildings are erected. Ealeigh was no exception to this rule, but her citizens prepared themselves for such emergency by purchasing, in 1802, the first fire engine they had ever seen. There was not then a pump in the city, and in case of fire entire dependence was upon the wells, of which "not one in four was supplied with buckets." Such was the comment made by a newspaper of that period. The en- gine referred to was bought by voluntary contribu- tions. It employed sixteen hands, throwing eighty gal- lons per minute one hundred and thirty-two feet, and cost $374. Eleven years later the city bought a new en- gine, and in 1821 the first regular fire company was organized. Six years before this an abortive attempt to supply the city with water was made. A water- 82 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. wheel, worked from a pond in front of the Insane Asylum hill, made by damming Rocky Branch, forced the water to the top of a water-tower on a hill in the southwest part of the city, whence it flowed by gravity to Hargett and along Fayetteville street. There was no filtration. The water was delivered at intervals through wooden spouts. The engineer was Samuel Lash, of Salem, an ingenious mechanic. The pipes were of wood. They became frequently clogged with mud, and often burst with the pressure. The citizens living on the streets not benefited became clamorous against the taxation levied for repairs, and the scheme was abandoned. Street Commissioner Blake, while excavating on Fayetteville street a few years ago, dug up several pieces of this pipe, the inside diameter of which was about three inches. On South Saunders street, near Cabarrus, a section of this pipe may also be yet seen, imbedded in the earth as it was originally eighty-seven years ago. The first great fire on record was in 1816, on the east side of Fayetteville street, extending from Martin to Hargett, and thence nearly to Wilmington street. In 1821 a second fire broke out near the site where the Market House now stands, consuming the east side of Fayetteville street north, above Hargett, as far as where Dobbin & FerralPs store now stands, and east to Wilmington street. In 1831 another fire occurred ; this was on the site of the present Market House. In the same year all the buildings on the west side of Fayetteville street, from Morgan to Hargett, with the exception of that next to Morgan street — the Dr. Fabius J. Haywood residence, but then occupied by the Newbern Bank — were swept away. This was kin- dled by an incendiary, Benjamin F. Seaborn, a clerk HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 83 of Richard Smith, who endeavored by arson to hide the crime of theft. Smith was Register of Deeds, and twenty registry books were destroyed with his store- house, causing much confusion of titles in our county. Seaborn was hung for his crime. Another fire broke out in 1841, in Depkin's shoe shop, on Fayetteville street. The flames swept do^oi Hargett street until checked within one house of Wil- mington street. The weak hose of the engine burst soon after it was brought into action. The water flowed on the ground, and mixing with red clay formed a plastic material, which the ready-witted firemen gathered by handsful and bucketsful, and dashing it against the walls of a threatened store, formed a non-conductor, impervious to heat. The fire w^as extinguished, and the grateful citizens dubbed this heroic band as the "mud company," and this well- earned name stuck fast up to the day of its dissolution. OLD-TIME STREET CARS. The Raleigh Experimental Railway w^as the first attempt at a railroad built in North Carolina. It was finished January 1, 1833. It was a cheap strap-iron tramway, costing |22.50 per mile. It was the sugges- tion of Mrs. Sarah Polk, widow of Col. Wm. Polk, and the mother of Bishop Polk. She was the principal stockholder, and the investments paid over 300 per cent. Capt. Daniel H. Bingham was the engineer, an accomplished scholar who taught a military school in the old Saunders house, on Hillsboro street, who was assisted by two of his advanced students. Dr. R. B. Haywood, of this city, and Col. Wm. M. Abbott, of Mississippi. The road ran from the east portico of the capitol to the Rock Quarry, in the remote eastern 84: HISTORICAL RALEIGH portion of the city. It was constructed principal Iv for the purpose of hauling stone to build the present capitol. A passenger car was placed upon it ^'for the accommodation of such ladies and gentlemen as de- sired to take the exercise of a railroad airing/' RELIGIOUS. For a long time after the foundation of the city the people worshipped in the Statehouse or courthouse. The great Methodist Bishop Asburj held a "big meet- ing" in the former place in 1800. In 1805 or 1806 William Glendenning, a native of Scotland, removed to Raleigh and established a gro- cery store on Newbern Avenue opposite the present Episcopal Rectory. He had been a preacher of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but seceded with James O'Kelly. He built the first church in the city, on Blount street, between Morgan and Hargettf and called it Bethel. He became insane and was called the "Crazy Parson," and, of course, made little re- ligious impression on the community. The first Methodist church built in Raleigh was constructed of hewn logs, and stood in Joel Lane's woods on what was then Halifax road, about where Col. Heck's residence now stands, on Blount street, and was called Asbury Meeting House. Bishop As- bury was probably the founder of this church, in 1784, as he travelled frequently into North Carolina, and Wake Court House was an important point. In 1811 the Methodists had finished their church, the first erected after the organization of the city, on the lot donated by Willie Jones, of Halifax,' and bought by him at the sale of 1792. This church having been destroved bv fire in 1839, HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 85 another was erected in 1841. Benj. B. Smith, Ra- leio-h's leading merchant, contributed three hundred dollars toward this object. This church was removed a few years ago to give way to the present imposing edifice It has a seating capacity of eight hundred. Mrs Badger, the mother of the late George E. Badger, was a prominent member of this church after coming here in 1820 from Newbern, and often led in prayer, or -praved in public," as it was called. Among the earlv pastors were Bennett T. Blake, John Kerr, John T. Brame, John E. Edwards, R. O. Burton, Wm. E. Pell, Joseph H. Wheeler, L. L. Hen- dren, N. F. Reid, John S. Long. Of those w^ho were prominently connected with the church in its earlier davs were Miss Emma Hunter, Miss Louisa Hill, Mrs. Sarah McCauley, Misses Susan and Emma White, Mrs. Eliza Lemay, Mrs. Lu- cinda Tucker, Henry J. Brown, Mrs. Lucy Evans, Rev. Thos. J. Lemay, L. W. Peck, S. H. Young, C. W. D. Hutchino-s, Jno. C. Palmer, Mrs. Ann R. Lipscomb, Henry PorWr, Mrs. Elizabeth Busbee, Jno. Myatt, Miss Priscilla McKee, Eldridge Smith. The Baptists were next to organize a congregation. This was in 1812, and a church building of an humble character was erected on Moore Square, or in what was then known as the Baptist Grove. The bell was of the size and sound of those generally in use by to- bacco factories. In this Grove the founders of the First Baptist church w^orshipped. There is high au- thoritv for the statement that the members were ac- customed each to take a tallow^ candle to this humble building in order to produce a "dim, religious light'' (so conducive to spirituality, it was thought) for ser- vices at night. The membership of the church, says Mr. W. C. Upchurch, was never more than eighteen — seven males and eleven females. Of the former there -86 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. were Madison Royster, Jas. Nunn, J. D. Briggs, Mark Williams, and W. C. Upchurch; the late Mrs. Alfred AVilliams was among the female members. About 1835, owing to differences of opinion among the members, dissension arose, and a new and better edifice was accordingly erected at the southeast cor- ner of Wilmington and Morgan streets. The pastors of this church, in the order named, were Revs. Amos. J. Battle, Louis Dupree, T. W. Toby, J. J. Finch, G. W. Johnston, T. E. Skinner. In 1858 the present imposing First Baptist Church was erected. Rev. Dr. T. E. Skinner, one of our most distinguished theologians (who is yet living and much beloved by all) was the first pastor. The late Rev. Dr. T. H. Pritchard was another of the early pastors. Among the members of this church in the old days were, Mrs. Alfred Williams, Miss Lucinda Briggs, P. F. Pescud, J. J. Biggs, Miss Sallie Towles, M. B. Royster, Jas. D. Royster, Lynn Adams, W. D. Wil- liams, Caswell Lee, Jas. D. Nunn, Jordan Womble, Jr., Robert Jones, Miss Selina Jenkins. A prominent feature of the Sunday School of this church is the Infant Class, which numbers one hun- dred and sixty-five. The class was organized in 1865, with but twelve pupils. Dr. W. I. Royster was the first teacher in charge. It is now conducted by Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Dodd and Miss Elizabeth Briggs. In 1874 a few members of this church, led by Messrs. N. B. Broughton and J. S. Allen, organized a new con- gregation, and purchased on Swain street a house of worship and denominated it the Second Baptist Church. The congregation assumed in a year or two such proportions that it became necessary to secure a more commodious structure, and a site was accord- ingly purchased on_the corner of Hargett and Person streets, upon which was erected the present edifice, HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 87 8« HISTORICAL RALEIGH. known as the Tabernacle Baptist Church. Its seat- ing capacity is about one thousand. The Sunday School is the largest in the city and its fame in this department of religious work extends throughout the countrj'j due, in a great measure, to the zeal and pop- ularity of Mr. N. B. Broughton, known throughout the State as foremost in all that makes for the ad- vancement — moral and material — of the people. Steps were taken to organize an Episcopal Church in Raleigh about 1820, Rev. John Phillips, of Calvary Church, Tarboro, being missionary in charge. In 1822 a vestry was elected, consisting of Chief Justice John Louis Taylor, Wm. H. Haywood, and Dr. Bur- ges. A wooden church was built in 1829. It was situated a little nearer Edenton street than the pres- ent beautiful edifice known as Christ Church. About 1845 or 1846 the stone church was erected under the supervision of Mr. Upjohn, the leading ecclesiastical architect of the country. The first Rector was Rev. John Ravenscroft, who died in 1830. He was suc- ceeded by Rev. Geo. W. Freeman, who resigned in 1840, when Rev. Richard S. Mason, a man of great learning, was elected, who ministered to the congrega- tion until his death in 1874. The original vestrymen of the church were, Jno. Louis Taylor, Dr. Burges, Wm. H. Haywood, Jr. The prominent communicants in early times were, Gavin Hogg, Duncan Cameron, Thos. P. Devereux, Geo. E. Badger, Chas. L. Hinton, Chas. Manly, Geo. W. Mor- decai, Jno. H. Bryan, R. M. Saunders, Jas. McKim- mon, Wm. H. Battle, Thos. D. Hoog, Kemp. P. Battle, Wm. E. Anderson, R. H. Battle, P. A. Wiley. Until 1827 the Sunday schools of the several churches were united in one, which was known as the L^nion Sunday School. The late Miss Lucinda Briggs HISTORICAL EALEIGH. 89 represented the Baptist denomination. A more ear- nest and faithful disciple of Christianity this city has never known than Miss Lucinda Briggs. She died at an advanced age a few years since. Two daughters of Dr. McPheeters represented the Presbyterian and Miss Louisa Hill the Methodist denomination. Web- ster's blue-back speller was one of the books used. The first Presbyterian congregation in Kaleigh was organized in 1806. The first regular pastor was Rev. William Turner, of Virginia, his Elders being Judge Henry Potter, William Shaw, and Thomas Emons. The religious services were held in the hall of the House of Commons. The first church was erected in 1817, and Rev. Wm. McPheeters became the first pastor. Rev. Drury Lacy was long a pastor, occu- P3'ing the pulpit of his church for eighteen con- secutive years. Rev. J. M. Atkinson was also one of the pastors. Mr. Lacy was the father of Mr. B. R. Lacy, our widely-popular State Treasurer. The pres- ent handsome edifice was erected in 1899 ; it has a seat- ing capacity of one thousand. The following were among the prominent members of this church in its early history: H. D. Turner, S. W. Whiting, Wm. Peace, Jesse Brown, Chas. Dewey, John Primrose, J. M. Towles. At this time there are in Raleigh eighteen white and a similar number of colored churches. Of the white, eight are Baptist, one Catholic, one Christian, three Episcopalian, four Methodist, and one Presbyterian. The colored are: Baptist, seven; Christian, two; Con- gregational, one; Episcopal, one; Methodist, six; Presbyterian, one. The first Young Men's Christian Association in Kaleigh was instituted in 1859, with H. P. McCoy as president, and W. J. Young as secretary. The object 7 90 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. of the organization was said to be ''to visit the sick, administer to the wants of the needy, establish Sun- day Schools, distribute tracts," etc. The first Mass ever celebrated in Ealeigh was by the Rev. Father Peter Wheelan, about the year 1832, in a boarding-house kept by Matthew Shaw, a Presby- terian. A Catholic church was built here in 1834, at a cost of |800. It was dedicated by Bishop England, in 1835, who often said Mass and preached therein. In 1859 the building which had been the Baptist church, corner of Morgan and Wilmington streets, was purchased, and in 1860 formally dedicated by Bishop Lynch, of Charleston. The first pastor was Rev. J. V. McNamara, who was installed in 1869, until which time the church had been served by missionary priests. The present church edifice is on the corner of Hillsboro and McDowell streets, and was pur- chased in 1875, at a cost of |13,000. The pastor is Rev. Thomas. P. Griffin. EARLY HOTELS. OR TAVERNS. The hotels, or taverns, as they were formerly called, were of a primitive nature. In 1803 Henry H. Cook advertised that at ''Wake Old Court House, about a quarter of a mile of the Statehouse, he can accommo- date ten or twelve gentlemen with board during the session of the General Assembly, and will take a few horses to feed at 2s. 6d. a day." In the same year the "Indian Queen," kept by Cap- tain Scott, was advertised as the best hotel iu the city, "with thirteen rooms, nine of which have fire-places.'' This was on the site of the present Federal Courthouse and Postoffice. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 91 Peter Casso, in 1804, opened a hotel on Fayetteville street. This was on the site of H. T. Hicks's Phar- macy. The proprietor advertised that ''Northern and Southern stages leave his door three times a week." On the first of July, 1812, Charles Parish opened a new hotel and called it the Eagle. This was on the site now occupied by the State Agricultural Building. It was of three stories, and the same which was after- wards known as the Guion Hotel. With the excep- tion of the Statehouse, this was the first brick build- ing erected in the city. The following was the proprietor's announcement to the public : ''Charles Parish informs his friends and the public that his tavern is now open for the reception of trav- ellers and boarders in the new three-story building north of the Statehouse and fronting Union Square. The house is spacious, completely furnished, and the stables equal to any. For a well-supplied table (serv^ed from a neat and cleanly kitchen), luxuries of the rooms, beds, attendance, etc., it is determined that this tavern shall excel any in the Southern States." uy g — xn ice-house and bathing-rooms will be constructed by next season." The ice-house and bathing-rooms were probably the earliest introduction of these luxuries among the growing refinements of the city. John Marshall and John Mares had also opened hotels, or taverns. These were framed buildings. In- deed, for thirty years after the foundation of the city (1792 until 1822) there were but four brick struc- tures. These were the Eagle Hotel, the Bank of New Bern (the Dr. Fab. Haywood residence at the head of I'ayetteville street), the Presbyterian Church, and the Register printing office. The Governor's "Palace" was of brick, but this was beyond the limits of the citv. 92 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. THE BIRTH-PLACE OF 6 PRESIDENT. No man known to the history of any people ever rose, perhaps, to such distinction from so humble a beginning as Andrew Johnson, better known as the tailor President. He first saw the light of day in Raleigh, on the 29th of December, 1808. At the age of ten years he was apprenticed to Mr. Jas. Litchford (grandfather of Messrs. James and Henry Litchford) to learn the trade of a tailor. Before his term of ap- prenticeship expired he resolved to seek a field of use- fulness elsewhere. He and Neal Brown, the latter also a young man (and the father of Mr. W. M. Brown) w^ere intimate friends, and to Neal, Andrew confided his intention of "running away" from his em- ployer. Brown agreed to assist him in doing so. To that end he carried his friend Andrew's luggage, or carpet-sack of his meagre belongings to a safe dis- tance on the road outside of town in order to facilitate the latter's escape. Johnson journeyed on foot from here to Laurens Court House, S. C., where he fol- lowed his trade for two years. There he became en- gaged to be married to the daughter of a gentleman of wealth and position, but was refused her hand because of his poverty. He returned to Raleigh in 1826, but after remaining here but a few months, went to Green- ville, Tennessee, where he was married. Up to this time he knew nothing of writing or arithmetic; his wife, however, sedulously labored to instruct him in those branches of rudimentary education, and with success. In 1829 he became an alderman ; in 1830 Mayor ; in 1835 he was sent to the Legislature. Here he made his maiden speech on public affairs. In 1841 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1843 he was first chosen as a Representative in Congress. In this position he served until 1853. He was twice HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 93 elected Governor. In 1857 he was sent to the United States Senate for a full term, ending in 1863. And finally, after filling almost every official position in the gift of the people, he became President of the United States, which last position he obtained, how- ever, by the occasion of Lincoln's death while in office. The house in which this remarkable man was born is still in existence, though in a bad state of decay. It is situated on East Cabarrus street, between Wilming- ton and Blount streets. The double-slanting roof indicates that it was erected at a period when the colonial style of architecture was yet in vogue. For a long time it has been occupied by colored people. EDUCATIONAL. The Raleigh Academy, inaugurated in 1802, was a corporation chartered in that year, and was situated in what was then called Burke's Garden, otherwise known as Burke Square — the site of the Governor's Mansion. The Trustees were John Raven, Wm. White, Sherwood Haywood, Theophilus Hunter, John Ingles, Nathaniel Jones, Matthew McCullers, Wm. Hinton, Simon Turner, Samuel High, Joseph Gales, John Marshall, Wm. Boylan, Henry Seawell. The school was for both young men and young ladies. Great stress was laid on Latin and on the training of the boys, while the education of the girls was confined to the English branches. The boys Avere instructed as if they Avere designed for one of the learned profes- sions. The girls were educated to be good spellers and readers, to be well acquainted with geography, and their hands were trained to be able to use deftly the needle. Many of them. too. learned to play on the 94 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. piano or guitar under a music teacher of reputation, an Englishman named Thomas Sambourne. In 1810 Rev. Wm. McPheeters, of Virginia, a young minister of the Presbyterian Church, was elected by the Trustees of the Academy not only to teach but to be ^Tastor of the City." He was described as a man of learning and of the strongest character, of great personal magnetism, and an admirable teacher, kind to all, but inflexibly severe to offenders.. His school was patronized, it was said, from all parts of the South — from Virginia to Louisiana. He preached most acceptably in the Statehouse until 1817, when the Presbyterian church was erected. He gave up the Academy in 1826. In 1837 he spent a year in Fayetteville in charge of a large female seminary, and resigned on account of failing health. For the same reason he declined the tender of the pres- idency of Davidson College. He returned to Raleigh, and died in 1812. There was said to be no more influ- ential man in the State than Dr. McPheeters. St. Mary's School, for young ladies, was founded in 1842, by Rev. Aldert Smedes, who had rare qualifica- tions for this work. He was a man of big brain and great heart. During the privations of the great Civil War, and in the troublous years afterwards, the doors of his school were kept open, even when he was suffer- ing a pecuniary loss. His benefactions in the way of free tuition and board on credit, at all times liberal, A^ ere in those days princely. There is no calculating the amount of his influence in the thousands of homes adorned by his pupils all through the Southern States. Tlie buildings of this school were erected in 1832, as a school for boys, but failed, in 1838, for lack of proper support. The present Rector is Rev. Theodore D. Bratton. Joshua Lumsden, (referred to more fullv else- HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 95 ^\'liere) taught a school for bovs. The late Thos. H. Briggs was one of his pupils. ^irs. Martindale's school for boys and girls will be remembered pleasantly by many of her old pupils. Sh(^ was a very thorough teacher and a good discipli- narian. Her school was on the corner of ^lorgan and Person streets. Miss Eliza Hill conducted a school of like character in the old Masonic Temple. Tliis was a two-story frame building which stood on the corner of Dawson and Morgan streets. Rev. Drury Lacy also had a superior school for boys. In 1840 Messrs Gray and Dorratt opened their ^'North Carolina Classical, English and Mathematical Institute'^ near the capitol, and the same year Silas Bigelow established a school for young men. Jefferson Madison Lovejoy, or ''Old Jeff/' as his boys called him, was the last of the old-time schools for males. This school was established in 1842, and became famous as one of the best institutions of learn- ing, of its kind, in the State. Many of those who were his pupils are to-day among the most prominent and influential men of the city. The school was on the site of the Governor's Mansion, and was conducted with much success until the close of the Civil War. Among those now living among us who were pupils of Mr. Lovejoy were Hon. John Xichols, ex-Mayor Thos. Badger. Dr. F. J. Haywood, Jr., Messrs. Jos. A. Hay- wood, Chas. McKimmon, and others. The common school or ^'old-field free school,'' as it was sometimes termed, is referred to elsewhere. It may be here stated, however, that while the ed- ucation of the masses did not escape the attention of the founders of our State government (for we find a provision to this effect in the Constitution of 1776), yet it was not until 1852 that anything like a 96 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. working system of public education was adopted. Calvin H. Wiley was made State Superintendent. Late in the forties the Sedgwick Female Seminary was opened. It was situated on Halifax, between North and Johnson streets, on the lot now occupied by the residence of C. C. McDonald. The seminary was under the superintendence of Mrs. Finch, wife of Kev. Joseph J. Finch, who was at that time pastor of the Baptist church. After the death of Mr. Finch, which occurred in 1850, Mrs. Finch was assisted in conducting the school by Kev. G. M. L. Finch and a corps of able teachers, who instructed in all the branches usually taught in seminaries. The follow- ing are the names of many who were pupils of this school, some of whom are still living. Many of these, having married, of course now bear other names : Vir- ginia Gorman, Sallie, Julia, Annie and Martha Litch- ford ; Mary and Annie DeCarteret ; Ellen, Hattie and Joanna Johnson; Julia Hutchings, Marianna Hill, Maggie and Sarah Outlaw, Geneva Harrison, Helen Battle, Victoria Womble, Laura Bryant, Frances J. Koyster. Mr. and Mrs. Finch were the parents of Mrs. Dr. W. I. Royster and Mrs. Dr. Wm. T. Hodge. In 1860 Albert H. Dowell organized a classical school, for boys. The school-house was near the resi- dence of the late Henry Mordecai, just beyond the city limits. Among his pupils were Sam'l F. Mor- decai, Joel Whitaker, Chas. E. Johnson, J. I. Johnson, T. H. Briggs, Jas. A. Briggs, Willis Whitaker, Peter Pescud, Jas. Boylan, Wm. Boylan and J. Pugh Hay- wood. The originators and promoters of the school were Wilson Whitaker and other prominent gentle- men of means. Mr. Dowell is said to have been one of the most thorough and capable teachers of his time. He was the father of Mrs. D. G. Conn, of this city. The Select School for Girls of the Misses Partridge HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 97 (Sophia and Caroline — the latter subsequently be- coming Mrs. Jordan) was opened in 1846. It was held in high esteem, as shown by the liberal patronage it enjoyed for nearly twenty years. The school was situated on East Hargett street, near Swain. The Partridge family were natives of Newark, N. J., and came to Raleigh but a short while prior to the opening of the school. Mr. and Mrs. John Bobbitt also conducted schools at this period. Mrs. Bobbitt was an aunt of Miss Partridge and Mrs. Jordan, above mentioned, and came here from Louisburg, where she and her husband had been engaged in teaching. After the death of Mr. Bobbitt, his widow assisted Miss Sophia Partridge in the conduct of her school. No institution of learning in Baleigh was ever more favorably known than that of Mrs. Eliza Taylor, who, shortly after the death of her husband (Attorney-Gen- eral Taylor) in 1828, opened a select school for boys and girls on the comer of Hargett and Salisbury streets, which she conducted almost without interrup- tion, for more than forty years. Dr. Thos. D. Hogg, Bishop Beckwith and Mr. A. M. McPheeters were among her first pupils. There are many other people now living in Raleigh who also received from her their early instruction. Among these are Hon. Thos. R. Purnell, Judge of the District Court of the United States, who attended this school for several years im- mediately preceding the Civil War. Judge Purnell is further identified with Raleigh's earlier history by the fact of his relationship with the distinguished Hay- wood family, (Wm. H.,) Gov. Chas. Manly, and Gov. Edward B. Dudley, the last mentioned being Judge PurnelPs grandfather. A more historic house and its appurtenances do not stand in Raleigh than those known as the "Old 98 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. Taylor Place," which have been in the Taylor and Bus- bee families since early in the last century. The house then stood on Hillsboro street, and was owned by Judge Potter, who in 1818 sold it to Col. Jas. F. Ta} lor. The building was then remoyed to its pres- ent site. The little "office'' on the corner was subse- quently built by the new owner, who used it for a law office. After his death it was occupied by Judge Gaston, who was Mrs. Taylor's uncle and guardian. It was here that this distinguished Carolinian and eminent jurist wrote the renowned poem, which was subsequently set to music, and since known as the "Old North State." This was in 1835. The poem was suggested by Mrs. Taylor, who, haying heard her daughter Miss Louisa — then but thirteen years of age — render a song haying a particularly pleasing air, thought the music appropriate for a patriotic hymn. This yiew she communicated to Judge Gaston, who at once complied with Mrs. Taylor's request to write the poem, as above stated. Miss Louisa Taylor was the first to sing the hymn ; she is still living and sings it still. The piano on which it was first played is still in the family. Peace Institute was not opened until 1868, though its erection had begun before the Civil War. This school is at the northern terminus of Wilmington street, and occupies large and well-arranged brick buildings, in an oak grove of about fifteen acres. It is well patronized. The first Principal was Rev. Rob- ert Burwell, D.D. Mr. Jas. Dinwiddle is now the President. Shaw University (colored) was opened in 1865. It had its origin in the formation of a theological class of freedmen in the old Guion Hotel (the site of the State Agricultural Building), with Rev. H. M. Tup- per and his wife as teachers. Subsequently the school HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 99 was reiuovcd to the corner of Blount and Cabarrus streets, and, until ISTO, known as the Kaleigh Insti- tute. Buildings were erected from time to time until 1879, when it was incorporated as Shaw University. The institution has Law and ^Medical Departments, and continues in a prosperous condition. The Presi- dent is Dr. C. F. ^reserve. LAWYERS OF OLD TIMES. One of the first practicing lawyers connected with the history of Raleigh was Henry Seawell. He was born in 1774 in ^^hat was then Bute (now Franklin) county, and came here in 1800. After serving as xlt- torne^'-General he was appointed Judge of the Supe- rior Court, which position he filled Avitli great credit. He was said to be a laAvyer of great ability. His wife was Miss Grizelle Hinton, whom he married in 1800. ^Ir. Richard Seawell, of Raleigh, already mentioned, is one of his sons. A contemporary of Mr. Seawell was Peter Browne, who came here in the early part of the last century. He was the owner of the land later pur- chased by Wm. Boylan in the western section of the city. He died in 1833, sixty-two years of age. Closes Mordecai was another early attorney. Com- ing to this State from New York, he settled in Green- ville, and came to Raleigh about 1820. He was a jurist of note and an advocate of great ability. He died in 1821. He was the grandfather of Sam'l F. Mordecai, Esq., of Raleigh, one of the State's ablest lawyers, and now Professor of Law of Wake Forest College. Anotlier attorney of distinction was Gavin Hogg. Removing here from Bertie in 1820, he soon had "a large practice, which, however, was confined to the Supreme and Federal Courts. 100 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. Later attorneys of recognized ability as jurists and advocates were the following: Henry W. Miller, a lawyer of great eloquence; Perrin Busbee, an attorney whose ability and great i^opularity would have in- sured for him the enjoyment of the highest offices in the State, but for his death at an early age, which occurred in 1853. Judge Badger, B. F. Moore and Tliomas Bragg- AV(^re trulv ureat lawvers. The first en- W. C. UPCHUKCH, Oldest living male inhabitant ; ngtd eighty-nine years. joyed the distinction of being Secretary of the Xavy under President Harrison ; Mr. Moore devoted his life to his practice, and accumulated a large fortune; Mr. Bragg became a jurist and statesman of great distinc- tion, and served for awhile in the Confederate States Cabinet. :Mr. Badger was born in 1795, died 1866; Mr. :\roore was born in 1801, died 1878. Jas. F. Taylor was another lawyer of cele^brity. He graduated at the State I^niver itv in 1810, and in HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 101 1825 was elected Attorney-General. He died in 1828, at the age of thirty-seven years. Hiram W. Husted and G. Wash. Haywood were also lawyers of prominence more than half a century ago. Mr. Husted was possessed of fine literary attain- ments In politics he Avas an ardent Whig. In 1844 he was the editor of the Clarion, the campaign organ m Raleigh of the Whig party. Mr. Haywood was an able lawyer and a brother of the late Drs. F. J. and E. Burke Haywood. Charles Manly, too, was a lawyer of considerable note. He was elected Governor on the Whig ticket, in 1S48, and filled many other offices of honor and trust, whliam H. Haywood was another illustrious law- yer of early times.' He was born here in 1801, and in 1822 commenced the practice of his profession, in which he earned great distinction. He was the father of Edward Graham Haywood, a lawyer of eminence. Succeeding these lawyers in order of time were Quentm Busbee, S. H. Rogers, Kemp Marriott, Ed- ward Graham Haywood, Daniel G. Fowle, W. S. Ma- son, A. M. Lewis, R. G. Lewis, R. C. Badger. John Gat- ling, H. A. Gilliam, Geo. H. Snow, Thos. C. Fuller, A. S. Merrimon, W. H. Pace, B. B. Lewis, W. H. Bledsoe, J. E. Bledsoe, Spier Whitaker, R. O. Burton. MASONRY AND ODD FELLOWSHIP- The first Masonic Lodge established in Raleigh was in 1792. It was chartered by the Grand Lodge of the State, which met in Newbern that year— Grand Mas- ter William R. Davie presiding. This Lodge was known as Democratic Lodge No. 21. Its meetings w^ere held at a little hotel located on the corner of 102 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. Fayetteville aud Morgan streets, and known as Casso^s Tavern, which Avas kept by Peter Casso, a member of the Lodge. The Lodge was little more than a club, and the old fashioned custom of serving refreshments in a liquid form was one of the chief attractions at the meetings, and often, 'twas said, "There was a sound of revelry by night.'" This was during the period of the French Revolu- tion, when atheism had entered so largely into the sen- timents of the French people. There Avere sympa- thizers with this French sentiment among the foreign element of Democratic Lodge; and in consequence of this sentiment there arose confusion, dissensions and discord in the Lodge. One Rodman Atkins, or "Rody Atkins,'' as he was called, was the leader of the foreign element, while Col. William Polk, a pronounced Churchman, led the home or native element. The consequence was that the charter of Democratic Lodge was finally surren- dered, and its jewels, regalia and furniture turned over to the Grand Lodge. Hiram Lodge ^To. 10 was established in the year 1800, the charter being issued by the Grand Lodge of that year, signed by William Polk, Grand Master. The charter is in a good state of preservation in the hall of this old Lodge. In 1864 William G. Hill Lodge No. 218 was estab- lished, and is still a flourishing Lodge, having a larger membership than any other in the city. In the year 1900, just one century after the estab- lishment of Hiram Lodge No. 40, Raleigh Lodge No. 500 was established. This young Lodge is also in a very flourishing condition. The Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows of North Caro- HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 103 lina, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was institu- ted in Wilmington on the 6tli day of January, 1843. by District Deputy Grand Sire, (ieorge M. Bain, and therefore has been in existence fifty-nine years. The order in Raleigh consists now of Manteo Lodge Ko. 8, Seaton Gales Lodge No. 64, Capital Lodge No. 147, Ruth-Rebekah Lodge No. 4, and Litchford-McKee Encampment No. 15. Manteo Lod^e No. 8 was instituted January 14th, 1846, by Alexander McRae, then Grand Master, and with' the exception of the war period, and a few years thereafter, has worked continuously for fifty-eight years, and is now continuing its great work of benevo^ ience and charity, and in the upbuilding of the great frateraal principles of that institution. Seaton Gales Lodge No. 64 was instituted by Sea- ton Gales, then Grand Master, for whom the Lodge was named, on the 21st day of January, 1871, and is now, as it always has been, one of the banner Lodges of the State. It is full of energy and push, and when- ever any good thing for the promotion of the order is put forward, it is always in the front rank. Capital Lodge No. 147 was instituted August 31, 1892, by Phil. H. Andrews, District Deputy Grand Master. This progressive Lodge is composed largely of vounj^er men, and has been noted at all times for its charitable deeds and kindly offices to those in dis- tress. Ruth Lodge No. 4, D. of R., is composed largely of the wives, daughters and sisters of the male members of the above Lodges. One of its prominent features is to cultivate and extend the social and fraternal rela- tions of life among the Lodges and the families of Odd Fellows. McKee Encampment No. 15 was instituted by Wm. L. Smith, Past Grand Master, then District Deputy 104 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. Grand Sire, on the second day of Maj, 1871. As this branch of the order is only one of higher grade than the Lodge, it is composed of members who are also members of the three Lodges. It has a system of charitable work arranged similarly to the Lodges. "The Camp," as it is frequently called, prides itself upon its dramatic rendition of its secret work as well as its binding closer into the fraternal relation thtj membership of the order. It teaches toleration, hos- Xjitality, and endeavors to impress its members with the idea of unselfishness. Mr. B. H. Woodell, of this city, has been Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge for sixteen years. A more efficient and faithful officer, or one more devoted to the interests of the order could not be found. The local Lodges of the order of Red Men, the Elks, Jilnior Order of American Mechanics, Knights and Ladies of Honor, Eoyal Arcanum, the Heptasophs, Ancient Order United Workmen, and the Modern Puritans, are organizations of recent date. GENERAL LA FAYETTE'S VISIT TO RALEIGH- The expected arrival in Raleigh of this dis- tinguished visitor created no little enthusiasm in the minds of the people, and was anticipated as one of the most interesting events ever having occurred in our history. From the Raleigh Register of March 1, 1825, is taken the following : "This great and good man has, ere this, arrived within our State borders. Before our paper is again issued, we shall have welcomed to our city the hero whose military fame, unsullied patriotism and un- merited sufferings, have excited the admiration of all HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 105 who have either witnessed or heard of his noble deeds and virtuous conduct." In its issue of March 8, 1825, the Register contains the following- description of La Fayette's arrival : ^*0n Tuesday night they (La Fayette, his son George Washington, and Secretary) slept at Col. Allen Page's, eleven miles from this city, and about twelve o'clock on Wednesday arrived in town. They were met a few miles from this place by the well dis- ciplined coi^DS of cavalry, under the command of Col. Thomas Polk, of Mecklenburg. The General and suite alighted from their carriages, and were introduced to the company individually, after which, preceded by the cavalry and followed by nearly a hundred citizens on horseback, who had gone to meet him, they pro- ceeded to this city. At the limits thereof they were met by the handsome company of light infantry, com- manded by John S. Ruffin, which received him with military honors. Here the General again alighted, and was presented to each member of the company — the interest of which scene was heightened by fine martial music from an excellent band. After this cer~ emony, the procession moved in the following order to the Government House : First, the cavalry ; then fol- lowed the infantry, succeeding which, in an open barouche, drawn by four elegant iron-grays, with out- riders, were General La Fayette and Col. Wm. Polk ; after which, in carriages, also drawn by four horses each, were George W. La Fayette, the Secretary — M. Le Vasseur — the State escort, etc. As the cavalcade proceeded a Federal salute was fired from cannon placed in the Capitol Square, on reaching which the General was greeted with the cheers of the assembled multitude. Every door, window and piazza on the street was crowded with ladies, who manifested their 8 106 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. gratification by waving their handkerchiefs, etc. On reaching the Government House the military filed off on each side, leaving a sjjace through which the Gen- eral, suite and escort passed. In the vestibule they were received by the Governor and committee of ar- rangements, and conducted to the reception chamber, where were the heads of the Departments, Judiciary and other citizens. Governor Burton then welcomed him in an eloquent address. In the evening a ball was given complimentary to the General, held at the Gov- ernment House. In the centre of the room, surmount- ing the pillars, appeared in large golden characters, the name La Fayette. Though no military trophies adorned the walls, no splendid ornaments excited ad- miration, yet there were two subjects which spoke to the memory and feeling — a large, full-length portrait of Washington, and the living presence of his great coadjutor in the work of glory." In the family of the late Dr. E. Burke Haywood there may now be seen a beautiful litliographic repre- sentation of General La Fayette and Miss Betsy Hay- wood — daughter of Treasurer Haywood, and sister of Dr. E. Burke Haywood — as they appeared viewing in admiration the Canova statue of Washington in the rotunda of the Capitol. The following is the inscrip- tion at the foot of the picture : "Canova's statue of General George Washington as it appeared on the pedestal in the Statehouse rotunda at Raleigh, Xorth Carolina. "A beautiful light, falling from the dome window upon the slab of marble, illuminates the whole statue. "La Fayette is represented viewing this masterly representation of his beloved General. "Respectfully dedicated to the Legislature of North Carolina by J. Weisman. "Entered according to Act of Congress in the year HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 107 1840, by J. Weisman, in the Clerk's office of the Dis- trict Court of the Eastern District of Pa. "P. S. Duval, Lith., Phiia." Resuming consideration of the early inhabitants, in 1826 Henry J. Brown came to Raleigh, in company with his father, from Petersburg, Ya. He was then fifteen years of age. Ten years later he embarked in the furniture and undertaking business. This he con- ducted with much success until his death in 1879. A more devout, godly man and upright citizen was never a resident of Raleigh. He married in early life Lydia Lane, a descendant of Col. Joel Lane. Mr. J. W. Brown, the well known undertaker, and Jos. G. Brown, President of the Citizens National Bank, are his only living sons. In 1830 Jordan Womble had opened his grocery store on Hargett street, which he conducted until a few years before his death, which occurred in 1891. He left many descendants, most of whom live in Raleigh. The population in 1833 had grown to about 1,800. Jas. Litchford was still the leading tailor, whose shop was near the Rectory of Christ Church. C. D. Leh- man had opened a drug store, and Xeal Brown had found that Raleigh would support a wool hat factory. The traveling public was thought to need better hotel accommodations, for Edward Rigsbee had opened the City Hotel. Wesley Whitaker was still conducting his business of manufacturing pianos. J. E. Lumsden, who evidently believed that "cleanli- ness was next to godliness," was the proprietor of a bathing establishment, which he advertised would "be kept open from sunrise till candle-light, and where hot and cold baths could be procured at reasonable rates." 108 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. Others who had opened business by this time were, Benj. S. King, William White, Jno. G. Morehead, Wm. W. Taylor, and Turner & Hughes. The last mentioned firm were also the publishers of the North Carolina Almanac. THE NAT. TURNER INSURRECTION. When Xat. Turner's massacre of fifty-five persons occurred in Southampton, Virginia, in 1831, the whole of Ealeigh was placed under arms. The able-bodied were divided into four companies, each to patrol the streets every fourth night. The old men were organ- ized as ^^ Silver Grays.-' The fortress was the Presby- terian church, and it was agreed that whenever the Stateliouse bell should sound the women and children were to hasten to its protecting walls. At last, one night O'Kourke's blacksmith shop took fire. It was night, and one of the most fearful scenes ever beheld in Ealeigh, it is said, was that of hundreds of women and children flying through the streets to the place of common refuge. A gentleman, still a resident of this city, then a mere boy, becoming also excited, refused to leave his home, and seizing his deceased father's SAvord, brandished it in the air and declared his pur- pose to there die in the defence of the household. The negroes were frightened more than the whites. They fled and hid under houses, in garden shrubbery, lay between corn rows — anywhere. There never was a time when the colored people of Raleigh would have risen against our people. It is greatly to the credit of both races that notwithstand- ing party animosity and sudden emancipation, the kindly personal feeling between the whites and their old servants has never been interrupted. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 1^^ Recurring again to the early inhabitants, E. K. C()l- burn was earlv identified with Raleigh, especially in an industriarcapacity. He came here from Massa- chusetts in 1833, as a stone mason, with a large num- ber of others, to assist in re-building the capitol. -Ui. Colburn was the father of Mrs. Ellen Seawell. wife of Mr. Richard Seawell. . John Dunn was then tlie proprietor of the City Hotel, situated on FayetteviUe street, near the court- house. It had formerly been kept by Mrs Jeter. Beckwith, Blake & Co., in 1834. were in the drug business, and Wm. H. Grimme had opened a dry goods and o-rocem- store. Thos. Cobbs was a coach-maker, whose shop was on Edenton street near the Methodist church. Mordecai & McKimmon, Dunn & Ligon, arid Mead & Averv, had been added to the list of dry goods and grocery merchants, and Jas. W. Jeffreys was run- ning a stage line from Raleigh to -^ eldon. Jno. C. Stedman was in the jewelry business Carter Jones had opened a military school, while Matthew Hard- ford was cutting and making gentleman s clothing at ttrices "to suit the times." The Star and the North Carolina Gazette had com- bined and was published by Lawrence and Lemay. Henrv Porter came among us about this time from his former home in Sampson County, and opened a shoe-making business. Later, in 18.52, he opened a boot and shoe store on FayetteviUe street. ;vl"Ch he conducted successfully for many years. Identified with the Methodist church from his arrival here, he soon became a leader with its members, and is remem- bered bv the older citizens as a very devout man. ue was a prominent citizen and held in high esteem Mr. Porter was the father of Messrs. John and George Porter and the late Mrs. Martha Brewster. In 1836 an obscure young man. who was later des- 110 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. tined to be the Governor of his native State, came to Raleigh, to learn the art of printing. This was Wil- liam W. Holden, and his age eighteen years. He worked for several years in the office of the Star and Gazette^ and boarded with one of the editors, Thos. J. Lemay. The latter lived on the corner of HarringtOQ and Jones streets. In the language of Governor Hol- den himself, while so working he slept a whole winter in a log cabin, which was daubed with red mud, with- out any fire, even in the coldest weather. This cabin was on the opposite corner from Mr. Lemay's, on the site of the late residence of Mr. W. B. Hutchings. In 1843 Mr. Holden purchased the Standard newspaper, in the editorial conduct of which he proved to be a writer having but few equals in the country. Mr. Joseph W. Holden was the eldest son of ex-Gov. Holden. He was Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives in 1868, 1869 and 1870, and enjoyed the reputation of being the most capable officer who has ever occupied that position in this State. He was afterwards elected Mayor of the city of Raleigh. He died at an early age and was undoubtedly one of the most talented men that the State has ever produced. His poem of Hatteras was written before he entered politics, and this piece of composition will live until the everlasting rocks of Cape Hatteras and time are no more. He died in 1875, aged thirty-one years. In 1838 the Biblical Recorder was removed from Xew Bern to Raleigh. It was then but three years old. Rev. Thos. Meredith, one of the most distin- guished ministers of the Baptist denomination in this State, was the editor. It has since changed hands many times. Mr. J. H. Alford, long identified with our people as a man of exalted character, and with the Baptist denomination as one its most devout mem- bers and deacons, was an apprentice in the office of HISTOEICAL RALEIGH. Ill this paper, which he entered in the year 1848. The RZoVer is now edited by Rev. J. W. Bailey, one of the ablest writers for the religious press m the South The North Carolina Christian Advocate was not founded until 1855. In 1867 the name was changed to the Episcopal Methodist, and three years later it DR. AV. H. M'KEE. Died in 1875 ; aged sixty -two years. became the Raleigh Christian Advocate, ^i^ Papej is the organ of the North Carolina Conference, ns first elitor was Kev. Paifus T^ Heflin. Among other editors, there have been Kev. ^. i^- ^fj^ Rev F L. Reid, Rev. Dr. Black. It is now conducted bv Rev Thos. N. Ivev, a journalist of eminent ability. At this period (1838) there were but two residency of the least pretension in that part of the city north 112 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. and west of the Methodist church; these were the Leniay residence, above mentioned, and the Iredell place, late the residence of Col. W. J. Hicks, corner of Edenton and Dawson streets. The site of the Deaf and Dumb Institution was open, unoccupied land. Among the leading business men at that time were Eufifin Tucker, T. H. Selby, Joshua Lumsden, C. W. D. Hutchings, Wm. T. Bain, Henry J. Brown, Henry Porter, Lewis W. Peck, Wesley Whitaker, Eldridge Smith, Turner & Hughes, Jno. G. Marshal, Jno. Stuart, Wm. W. Taylor, Benj. S. King, and Williams & Haywood. John Primrose, father of W. S. Prim- rose, was then in the dry goods business. Thos. B. Oliyer was keeping a ready-made clothing house, Jas. Newland had a boot and shoe store, and Bernard Dupuy was conducting a jewelry business. Mr. Dupuy was later succeeded by Mr. Chas. B. Boot. In these "good old days,'' when everyone traveled (who traveled at all) by stage-coach, Petersburg, Va., was the northern market in which merchants bought their o-oods. The time consumed in ffoinor to or com- ing from this place was as great as it now takes to go to Boston and return. The only mail and passenger stages from the North via Kaleigh left Petersburg on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 3 a. m. They arrived at Warrenton on the same days at 8 p. m., sev- enteen hours on the road. They left Warrenton at 3 o'clock next morning, and were expected to be in Raleigh the same day at 6 p. m., covering fifty-five miles in fifteen hours. The travelers and mails go- ing further South left Baleigh on Mondays, Wednes- days and Fridays at 3 a. m., and were to be in Fayette- ville on the same days at 5 p. m. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 113 EARLY RAILROADS. Any attempt to record the progress of a city a cen- tury old which should fail to notice the introduction of travel by the locomotive would be unpardonable. Therefore some reference to the first railroad with vrhich Kaleigh became acquainted may, it is hoped, prove somewhat interesting. The capital of the State was fifty years old before its i)opulation had scarcely exceeded two thousand. Being an inland town, and having communication with the outside world only by stage-coaches and like vehicles, this small number of inhabitants were not unreasonable. But with the advent of 1810 signs of better times appeared, for that year witnessed the completion of the Kaleigh and Gaston Railroad. The northern terminus was first at Gaston, instead of Wel- don, as in later years. The name of Gaston was given in honor of Judge William Gaston. The completion of the road was hailed by a celebration which lasted for three days. From distant counties men, women and children came to see the new wonders — the State- house, the railroad and locomotive. At night the trees of Capitol Square were illuminated with colored lamps, as well also as Fayetteville street. Gorgeous transparencies could be everywhere seen. One was a representation of a locomotive, another of the State- house. The name of the first locomotive was the ^^Torna- do,'' which was a one-wheel driver, and without any cab. It reached Raleigh on the 10th of May, 1840. The iron for the track became exhausted when the construction crew were mthin a few miles of Raleigh, and as the engine was due here on the above date, it ran that distance and safelv into town over the bare 114 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. ^^stringers.-' Mr. C. B. Eoot, then but a very young man, had the distinction — together with several other friends — of riding into the city on the tender of the engine, from Crabtree Bridge, three miles distant, where they had gone for that purpose. The name, ^Tornado,'' was evidently not without significance, being probably suggested by the great speed the ^^machine'- could make, the schedule time being eighty-six miles (the distance between Kaleigh and Gaston) in twelve hours, provided it could be kept on the sills, or '^stringers," as the wooden rails were called. These were from fifteen to twenty feet in length and about eight inches in height, to which were nailed strips or bars of iron. On these the cars ran. These strips were of three separate dimensions : two inches by one-half inch, two inches by five-eighths of an inch, and two and one-fourth inches by five- eighths of an inch. Frequently the locomotive would jump the track as if attempting to take to the w^oods, leaving the train crew helpless until assisted by the neighboring farm- ers and field hands to place it back on the track. Sometimes the passengers would be forced to get out of the coach — one only of which could be drawn at a time — and push the engine up the hill or grading. Mr. Rufus H. Horton (now retired and seventy-six years of age) came on the road as fireman in 1845. His compensation was the munificent sum of six dol- lars per month and ^'rations.*' It was a common oc- currence for the engineer to be forced to stop the engine for lack of wood, and to tear down the farmers' fences to get fuel sufficient to get to the next station. The names of other engines were equally significant as that of the Tornado ; these were, the Tempest, Vol- cano, Whirlwind, and Spitfire. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 115 "This road," said Turner & Hughes, in their alma- nac of 1811, "is esteemed one of the best in the United States.'' The following are the names of some of the early conductors: J. B. Timberlake, Littleton E. Riggin, Jeptha Horton, Creighton Williams, Thos. G. Arring- ton, the first and last mentioned yet living. Capt. Timberlake, though more than eighty years of age, is still in railroad service, being the ticket agent for the S. A. L. Railroad at Johnson Street Station. Capt. Arrington yet entertains his numerous friends at the Yarborough House. The oldest man in the service of the company in Raleigh, is Rufus H. Horton, above mentioned. Dur- ing his fifty-six years in Raleigh no one has been more honored by a large circle of friends, nor held in higher esteem, his life and character having been such as to merit all the consideration that he and his numerous friends could wish. He is now seventy-six years of age. Mr. Horton, after serving for two years as fireman, became an engineer. Other old-time engineers were Wortham New^ton, Jesse Shaw, Thomas Jenkins, John Cooper, Jno. L. Stone, Alex. Davis, Charles Holleman, Sidney Hin- ton, John Metcalf, Ed. C. White, Jack Sledge, Fab. Beavers, Joe H. Perry, Jas. Lawrence, Alpheus Fai- son, Mortimer Fleming, John Beckham. Besides Rufus Horton and Jesse Shaw, the two last mentioned are the only survivors. In the machine shops in the earlier periods were Albert Johnson, J. B. Gayle, B. R. Harding, Peter Fleming, Sidney Smethurst, Joseph Jackson, Emery Burns, John Utley, H. Clay Johnson, Augustus Per- due, Frederick Rideout, Ed. C. Lougee, Robert Pace, Josiah Willson, Jas. Hollister, Henry Pace, Wm. Hor- 116 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. ton, Jas. Pace, Joe DeCarteret, J. C. S. Lumsden, Jas. West, A. V. Frost. O. D. Lipscomb, Marshall Betts, Harris Vaughan and Anderson Betts were en- gaged in the carpenters' department. Among the officers of the road, the following have been President: Wesley Hollister, W. J. Hawkins, L. O'B. Branch, Geo. W.'^Mordecai, Gaston H. Wilder, E. W. Lassiter; Superintendents: P. A. Dunn, S. S. Royster, W. G. Lewis, A. B. Andrews, J. C. Winder. Major W. W. Vass was for nearly half a century the Treasurer. From 1848 till 1851, when the road was owned by the State, he was the President. In the last mentioned year the State disposed of the road to a new organization — the old name of Raleigh and Gas- ton Railroad being retained — and Major Vass was again elected Treasurer. He was a man of honor, and held in the highest esteem wherever knoT\Ti. He died in 1896. Mr. J. B. Martin, until his resignation in 1901, had served in Raleigh as Auditor for the old Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, and later as General Auditor for the Seaboard Air Line System in Portsmouth, Ya. Be- fore his removal to the latter place in 1893, he had been a resident of Raleigh for more than a quarter of a century. Here his life had been one of most faith- ful devotion to duty, and his character a fit model for rising youth. By integrity, industry, indomitable will, together with fidelity to every trust, and fulfilling every obligation to society and to his fellow man, he rose to positions such as are occupied but seldom by men other than those possessing these qualities. Mr. Martin is again a resident of Raleigh, where he is engaged in business enterprises involving the exer- cise of the soundest judgment and intelligence of the highest order. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. HT In 1840 the population was but 2,240. Among the tailors was T. R. Fentress, who had a shop where the Dime Savings Bank stands. T. C. Jones was the proprietor of a new house of entertainment at the northeast corner of the Capitol Square. Lawrence & Christophers (the latter the father of Mr. C. D. Christophers) were bakers. John H. DeCarteret had a bookbinderv, the first which Raleigh had felt able to support. Vf. J. Ramsey had a jewelry store, and Mrs. Martha Ann Ramsey was conducting a millinery store. The Methodist Female Seminary, under the direc- tion of Rev. Bennett T. Blake, was also then in a flour- ishing condition. This was on Hillsboro street, be- tween Dawson and McDowell. Later principals of this school were Rev. D. R. Bruton, Rev. W. E. Pell, Rev. Mr. Christian, and perhaps others. The ^'Raleigh Guards,'' about this time was the name of a flourishing military company ; it was under the command of Captain Lucas. REMOVAL OF THE OLD MARKET. It was about the year 1840 that the market was re- moved from Hargett street to its present location. When on that street the structure was but a mere shed. It was situated in the centre of that thorough- fare between Wilmington and Fayetteville streets, facing west, with a narrow driveway on either side, the same as the present market building. Much ex- citement was occasioned by the agitation of the ques- tion of its removal, the saloon keepers and others who had places of business contiguous, naturally fearing 118 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. that such action would bring to them serious business loss. The matter was put to a popular vote, resulting in the defeat of those opposing the removal. The vic- tors desired to celebrate the event, and accordingly or- ganized a torchlight procession, in which a large num- ber of the people joined. On the night of the ''jubi- lee," while the procession was passing through Har- gett street, some one threw a stone which struck a member of the saloon faction, whereupon a riot at once followed. Blows with bottles, bricks and sticks were freely exchanged, but with one exception no injuries were sustained. Jack Buffaloe received a slight wound with a knife in the hands of some unknown ■opponent. The conditions existing about the bar-rooms and in the dens around the old market constituted the prin- cipal reason for the better element of society being anxious for the change. The locality was then called "Grog Alley" — Wilmington street, between Hargett and Martin, was known as "Cologne." Kaleigh had no police force at that period, a town constable — who, at this time, was Jas. Murray — being all the protection, in that respect, the city had — the night watch, composed of private citizens, not going on duty till 9 p. m. After the destruction of the old market building on Hargett street, a new one was erected on Fayetteville, and on the present site. The structure was a small affair, though it had a hall above for j)ublic enter- tainments. It had not, however, any rooms devoted to offices for city officials. Indeed, all the officers the city had, besides the commissioners (as the aldermen were then called), were the mayor, clerk and town constable, the clerk performing the functions of tax- nds to every portion of the State. The proprietor is a son of the late Chas. E. Johnson, one of Raleigh's early and eminent phvsicians, and grandson of Gov. James Iredell, one of the State's early chief magis- trates. At the time herein referred to, the construction of buildings had not reached the excellence to which they 156 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. have since attained. Much of the beauty of our mod- ern residences is owing to the skill of such enterpris- ing men as Mr. Jno. T. Jones, who has a prosperous slate-roofing business. His office is on South Salis- bury^ street, near Martin. Mr. Jones, in his line, stands at the head. His perfect reliability in all re- spects has secured the confidence of an appreciative public, and his superior workmanship been rewarded with much success. Among the jewelers of the capital city, T. W. Blake occupies a position in the front rank. His stock of goods are of the best quality, while his Avorkmanship is equal to any. His well knoAvn integrity insures for customers, at all times, complete satisfaction. Mr. Blake is a leading citizen, a man of sterling qualities, and deservedly esteemed for his Christian virtues. The house- furnishing or furniture business has grown to be of much importance in Kaleigh, and that conducted by Mr. J. H. Dail, 117 East Martin street, is reaping merited reward for good management and fair dealing. Mr. Dail is an agreeable man and relia- ble citizen. He has conducted this business for a period of three years, and has the confidence of a large number of patrons. On the north side of Hargett street, between Wil- mington and Fayetteville, the stores were occupied by E. E. Harris, A. Karrar, Jordan Womble, W. C. Up- church, Jas. Kogers, W. H. Holleman and others. Tal- bot Ligon had a small shop where J. B. Green & Co. now conduct their well stocked store of select grocer- ies. In its collection of choice household supplies this firm ranks with the foremost in the city. The firm is composed of Messrs. J. B. and T. E. Green, both of whom are men of energy and enterprise. G. B. Bag- well, Bernard Abt, and E. A. Whitaker then kept HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 157 grocery stores on the opposite side of this street. There were then no drug stores east of Fayetteville street. The growing demands, however, of an in- creased and varied population induced ]\Ir. O. G. King, several years ago, to open an attractive pharmacy on the corner of Wilmington and Hargett streets, where are kept the purest goods and at reasonable prices as can be found anywhere. Mr. King is one of our most substantial citizens, a man of high integrity, and in his profession ranks high. No line of industry is more important to the mate- rial welfare of a community than the furniture busi- ness, and in Raleigh the leaders are the Royal & Bor- den Furniture Co. Seldom is an enterprise found enjoying a higher degree of prosperity than is this company. Its members are Messrs. J. L. Borden and George Royall, of Goldsboro, business men of much prominence, who are president and vice-president of the company, respectively; Mr. T. P. Jerman, Jr., sec- retary and treasurer, a gentleman of pronounced abil- ity in mercantile affairs; and Mr. Miles Goodwin, manager, who has proven, during his long connection with the establishment, a most valuable adjunct in securing for it the great popularity it now^ enjoys. Their commodious establishment is a great credit to the city. Near where Briggs & Dodd then had their planing- mill and shops is now the establishment, on West street, of Wyatt & Ellington, who are conducting a business of like character. The extent of this 'enter- prise is in proper keeping with the constantly growing population of our beautiful metropolis. The mem- bers of the firm are Walter J. Wyatt and Edgar E. Ellington, both of w^hom are substantial men and occupy favorable positions in industrial circles here 158 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. and in surrounding country. Their progressive spirit is being rewarded by increasing demands for tlieir superior productions. The H. J. Brown Coffin House was established in 1836 by the late Henry J. Brown, who conducted it successfully until his death in 1879. Mr. Jno. W. Brown then became the manager, and under his con- trol the business has been a leading one at the capital. Mr. Brown is a proficient funeral director and sin* lied embalmer. The establishment is fitted out with the latest improvements in every branch of the business. The H. T. Hicks Drug Co. is among the most promi- nent pharmacies in the city. The business is in charge of Mr. Henry T. Hicks, who has achieved a marked success as a skillful pharmacist. He has brought to the relief of those wiio suffer from headache his fa- mous cure, "Capudine,'' one of the most popular pro- prietary medicines on the market. Mr. Hicks is a young self-made man, whose careful business methods and push, energy and integrity of character have brought him success. It is not the business makes the man, but the man who possesses all the qualities of attraction, the clear insight to business, the indefatigable determina- tion to succeed. Such a man makes any business. One of these men is John C. Drewry, who is a leader among insurance men at the capital. IMr. Drewrv has all these capabilities, and Baleigh, its internal im- provements, particularly its streets, speak but the result of Mr. Drewry's good judgment and enercretic w^ork. He has served the city several terms as alder- man, is Grand Secretary of the ^Masons, prominent ia other fraternal societies, and a brilliant luminarv in the social realm. Mr. Drewry's jrreat Dopularity and familiarity wdth public interests have drawm him into HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 159 prominence as a candidate for Representative in the General Assembly from Wake County. He was a few days since nominated for this position by the prima- ries, and this is equivalent to an election. His past record is a guarantee of the valuable services he will render not only the county of Wake, but the entire commonwealth. John Kane then had a liquor shop in a little frame building on the corner where now stands the Citizens National Bank. This institution is built upon a solid foundation. Mr. Joseph G. Brown, its president, and a most modest and unassuming gentleman, has devel- oped most remarkable financial ability, and having filled almost every position from messenger up, noAV holds the presidency and management of this popular banking house. Mr. Brown is also Treasurer of the City of Raleigh and Vice-President of the State Bankers Association; also steward of the ~SL E. Church and superintendent of its Sunday School. The Cross & Linehan Co. is composed of Messrs Jno. W. Cross, Wm. A. Linehan and P. J. Wray, three young men, who, by their energy, integrity and most excellent business qualities, have builded up per- haps the best arranged and most successful clothing and gentlemen's furnishing business in the State. Mr. Linehan is the eldest son of the late Patrick Line- han, who assisted in the construction of the Federal Post Office Building. The northern limits of the city, at this time, were bounded by North street. Beyond this were few resi- dences, and no pretense to business. The growth of the city has been such that of late years various busi- ness enterprises have been established. Among these is the Northside Pharmacy, which is now conducted by Mr. Wm. G. Thomas. He is a most enterprising 160 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. business man, and his courteous manners, fine busi- ness capabilities, integrity and social qualities make his store a most popular one. He is a son of Mr. E. B. Thomas, one of our oldest and most esteemed citizens. His goods are of the best, and as a pharmacist his rank is superior. The Zachary Mantel Co., successors to Zachary & Zachary, 108 W. Martin street, are conducting a most successful business in the furnishing of hardwood mantels, tiles and grates. This is a comparatively new firm in our midst, though the gentlemen compos- ing it, by their strict attention to business and liber- ality in their dealings, have struck the channel to pop- ularity. They are rapidly spreading out into larger capacity for the management of their constantly in- creasing trade, their business engagements extending to South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and other South- ern States. The manager, Mr. Arthur I). Zachary, is one of Raleigh's substantial citizens, a man of fine business attainments, a gentleman of most agreeable and engaging manners, and one with whom it is a pleasure to know and deal. From Johnson's Pharmacy, on Fayetteville street, to the Yarborough House, at the period mentioned above, was a row of old framed houses, occupied as confectionery shops, law offices, etc. These structures long ago gave way to the present handsome buildings, in which are now conducted various lines of business. Among these is the well known and long established enterprise of Messrs. J. M. Broughton and T. B. Moseley, who, since 1888, have been associated in the business of dealing in real estate. These gentlemen are among the prominent business men of Ealeigh, and have contributed, during their business career, much to the advancement of the city's interests. In HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 161 personal integrity and social qualities they occupy high positions. The business part of the city was then confined mainly to Fayetteville street, no stores having been erected east of that thoroughfare except on Hargett DR. CHAS. E. .loHNSOIf. Died 1876; aged sixty-three years. Street. Where now stands the Farmers and Com- mercial Bank, the dry goods house of Walter WooU- cott, the clothing establishment of Whiting Bros., were the premises of Mrs. Kuffin Williams. Mr. Woollcott is the successor of Messrs. Woollcott & Son, who conducted so successfully a dry goods business here for many years. Mr. William Wooll- 162 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. cott retired from the firm in 1900. The present pro- prietor is one of Raleigh's most prominent citizens, and ranks with the foremost young business men of the city. No enterprise ever established at the capital enjoys the confidence of a wider circle of friends than the dry goods business of Walter Woollcott. The clothing business of Whiting Bros, is the oldest establishment of its kind in the city. Mr. Seymour Whiting has been identified with this branch of business for many years, and Avith his brother, Mr. Chester Whiting has successfully conducted a larg9 and prosperous trade. There are few visitors to Ra- leigh who do not know and patronize Whiting Bros. The Commercial and Farmers Bank, under the man- agement of Capt. Thomas, must go forward to success, for as cotton broker, wholesale merchant and commis- sion merchant, Captain Thomas developed such excel- lent business capabilities that when this banking house was established he was called by the stockhold- ers to take the presidency. Capt. Thomas is one of our most prominent figures in all the phases of good citizenship and business management. Gathering their materials from Germany, Spain, England, South America, Florida, Tennessee, Vir- ginia and the Great West, the Caraleigh Phosphate and Fertilizer Works manufacture every grade of fer- tilizers demanded by the North Carolina trade. Their business is very successful, due largely to the fact that its management is composed of such energetic and reliable men as J. R. Chamberlain, Ashley Home, S. R. Home, E. C. Smith, F. O. Moring, J.' W. Barber and A. L. Chamberlain. They have a large up-to-date plant, and the fact that a mile of side-track is re- quired around their factory to handle heavy ship- ments, indicates somewhat the enormous business HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 163 done. Ealeigh is justly proud of this large industry. The success of this North Carolina enterprise is largely due to the eminent ability and intelligent man- agement of the business of the company by its presi- dent, Prof. J. R. Chamberlain, who has been ably assisted by Mr. A. L. Chamberlain, the secretary and treasurer. Few manufacturing enterprises have been more ably managed in all its departments than the Caraleigh Phosphate Works, of Raleigh. Among the most prominent insurance men in Ra- leigh is J. D. Boushall, whose personal and business qualities attract all who come in contact with him. In the General Assembly of 1899, he was among the ablest representatives of that body ; he also served the city as alderman until his rapidly increasing insur- ance business demanded his entire attention. He is a prominent member of the First Baptist church, and for a long time was the superintendent of its Sunday School. Mr. Boushall is deeply interested in all that concerns the material welfare of the capital city. G. A. Strickland & Co. is a firm of undertakers oc- cupying spacious accommodations in the Trade Build- ing, on S. Wilmington street. The firm is composed of G. A. Strickland and L. W. Duskin. Mr. Strickland is a well and favorably known resident of the capital, while Mr. Duskin is formerly of Seattle, Wash., where for many years he was successfully engaged in the same business now claiming his attention here. These gentlemen are highly capable in every department in their line of industry, and those dealing with them will find them courteous and agreeable. The equip- ments of this establishment are the latest and most improved in every detail. Their terms are reasonable, On Wilmington street and Exchange Place J. M. Kohn is a dealer in ready-made clothing, sample shoes^ 164 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. and gents' furnishing goods. He is a polite and cour- teous gentleman, has a corps of obliging clerks, and the excellent quality and low prices which obtain at his store secure for him a popular trade. Since Mr. Kohn has been in business here he has succeeded in building up a most enviable reputation for reliability and fair dealing. His personal friends are many. The Hart-Ward Hardware Co., on Fayetteville street, successors to Julius Lewis Hardware Co., is a business under the management of Messrs John and Frank Ward and Mr. Chas. B. Hart, three of the brightest young business men in Raleigh. Messrs. Ward and Hart have grown up in the hardware busi- ness, and no one who knows them will wonder at their rapid advancement. Their trade embraces the limits of the State and is constantly increasing. W. H. King & Co. conduct two of the largest drug stores in Raleigh. This is the result of the enterprise, zeal, professional efficiency and excellent business capacity of Mr. W. Henry King, whose popularity in- creases every year. Mr. King has from a clerk risen to the control of two elegantly fitted up drug houses and well merits the large trade he enjoys. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 165 HISTORICAL SCRAPS. For the benefit of those who are accustomed to cry ''hard times," and who think there is no time like the "good ohl times/' the following prices of articles of everyday consumption sixty years ago, is appended : The cost of a dozen needles was 25 cents, a silk hand- kerchief (bandana) fl.25, a muslin handkerchief 70 cents, a yard of broadcloth |7, a pound of pepper 70 cents, a pair of cotton hose |1.40, one dozen pewter plates 14.50, a pound of Hyson tea $2.50, a yard of linen 70 cents, a pound of gunpowder |1, a pound of shot 15 cents. Nails were sold by number, not by the pound, €. g., fifty ten-penny nails 15 cents. Brown sugar was sold at from ten to fifteen cents per pound [there was no white sugar except loaf, which was tAventy-five cents per pound] ; Rio coffee was twenty- five cents ; flour six dollars per barrel, molasses sixty cents per gallon, and bacon from eight to ten cents per i)ound. Candles were five cents each. Lighting by gas was not known here until 1858. The charge was $6 per thousand feet — now^ it is $2. The last wooden structure on the business portion of Favetteville street was demolished but a short while since,' to make way for the Carolina Trust Building, just completed, adjoining the Tucker Building. Raleigh during the Civil War had a match factory. Mr. William Simpson, the pharmacist, was the pro- prietor. The operatives were boys and girls, which were employed in great numbers. In ISGl, after the Civil War had begun. A. W. Fraps and Phil. Thiem, anticipating a great scarcity of leather, because of the closing of the Northern markets to Southern trade, with that foresight and 166 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. sagacity worthy of enterprising business men, opened a factory for the manufacture of wooden shoes. They made two different kinds — one with wooden soles only, the remainder of leather; the other (of boat-like shape) was entirely of wood, except a small flap into which to place the strings. They were lined with cot- ton or felt. It was thought the Confederate govern- ment would place with the promoters of this enter- prise big contracts to supply the soldiers with these shoes, but this was a mistake, and the business was soon abandoned. The same firm continued, however, to manufacture other articles, such as putty, sand- paper, pencils, curry-combs, and many other things for home consumption. A substitute had now to be found also for coffee. To the ingenious mind this was comparatively simple. This substitute consisted principally of potatoes, which were first cut up, dried and then baked ana ground. Koasted or parched corn, wheat, rye, barley, etc., were also used by many people. An Irishman by the name of Kelly opened a factory for the turning out of some of this "coffee." Some uncharitable peo- ple said he mixed acorns with the above ingredients. He soon earned the sobriquet of "Coffee Kelly." Messrs. Keuster and Smethurst secured contracts for the manufacture of gun caps, and in 1S62 Capt. B. P. Williamson and the late Col. J. M. Heck manu- factured belt buckles and spurs to supply the Confed- erate cavalry. Cartridges, too, were manufactured; the "plant" was at the Deaf and Dumb Institution, and the operatives were the pupils and other boys and girls of the city. Away back in the fifties, in "log cabin and hard cider times," political enthusiasts would sometimes resort to methods in elections that would put to l>lush many of the tricks and schemes heard of now. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 1G7 One instance of this character was that of old man Archie Drake, who kept a liquor shop on Hillsboro street, near the railroad bridge. On the mornings of election days, after h)ading up his '^heelers" with a quantity of his liquid goods sufficient to arouse their patriotism ( ?) he would arrange them into a com- pany, and then, in the centre of the street, single file, they would, to the time of drum and fife, march to the polls in a body. Arriving there, each man would de- posit his ballot under his boss's direction, and then return to the shop to receive the reward of having performed the duty of a patriot ! In those days the law did not recjuire saloons to be closed on election days, as now. No sport was so popular in this State in the good old da^^s as cock-fights. Sometimes it would be an- nounced in the pap:Ts and in posters that festivals of this character would be held for three days in certain towns. Warrerton and Pittsboro had quite a reputa- tion for furnishirg tliis sport to the public. The stakes were sometimes as high as five hundred dollars. The postage on letters in 1827, and many years af- terward, was six cents for unj distance not exceeding 30 miles; over 30 and not exceeding SO miles, ten cents; over SO and not exceeding 150 miles, twelve and a half cents: over 150 and not exceeding 400 miles, eighteen and three-fourth cents ; over 400 miles, twenty-five cents. In the latter part of 18'>3, corn meal was selling for |12 per bushel, and bacon at §3 per pound. The per diem of legislators was §(> per day, while their ex- penses Avere not less than |10 per day. Later, in 18G4, a suit of clothes would cost a thousand dollars, a bar- rel of flour eiglit hundred, bacon, a dollar and a half a pound, molasses (home-made) fifty dollars a gallon. Hats sold for three hundred dollars. 168 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. THE DAWN OF A MOMENTOUS ERA. The incidents ()f May 20, ISGl, will remain as per- manent in the history of Raleigh as the granite hall in which they occurred. From that eyentful and his- toric day new scenes, new incidents and a dark future wound before our people. It was a turning point in its history. The dark clouds of the approaching storm arose before our people. The following pages will tell of some of the stirring events that lay in the immediate future. North Carolinians, and especially those of Raleigh, are not a mercurial people. They are rather slow to move, but when once aroused, they enter into the cause in which they are interested with an earnestness unsurpassed by any. The exciting times of the latter part of 1860 and early part of 1861, incident to the Presidential election, did not seriously disturb our people, but when it w^as announced that Fort Sumter had been bombarded they aw oke to the necessities of the occasion, and became prepared to bear their part in the conflict that w^as now inevitable. The Raleigh Register, in its issue of March 6, 1861, referring to Lincoln's inauguration and his policy^ said : ^'For the first time the Federal capital wdll bris- tle with arms to protect the person of the President from violence, and the property of the Federal govern- ment from seizure and depredation. These will con- stitute most momentous and memorable events throughout coming time." Later the same paper said, in referring to the States that had seceded from the Union : ^^Just let them alone, and leave them to work out the problem of a separate and independent government, and before Christmas some of them will be glad enough to return to the fold of the Union. Texas and Florida are not HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 169 able to support themselves, much less contribute any- thing to the support and strength of the new Confed- eracy.-' A month or so afterward the same paper said: "Seven States have left tlie Union, declaring they will never willingly return to it. We believe that Abra- ham Lincoln is about to wage a war of coercion against these States ; we believe that in this war the remaining slaveholding States Avill be involved, and we shall be found on the side of the section in Avhich we Avere born and bred, and in which live our kindred and our friends. If this makes us secessionists then so let us be called.-' At that time "State's Rights" or secession meetings were being held all over the State. The first official information that a conflict be- tween the Xorth and South would ensue from the elec- tion of Lincoln was by the following telegram from Simon Cameron, Secretary of War of the United States, sent to Governor Ellis : "To J. W. Ellis, Gov- ernor of Xorth Carolina: Call nuide on you by to- night's mail for two regiments of military for immedi- ate service." The Governor promptly replied by saying: "I can be no party to this Avicked Adolation of the laws of the country and to this Avar upon the liberties of the peo- ple. You can get no troops from North Carolina.'' On the 17th of April Governor Ellis issued a procla- mation, in Avhich, after alluding to the foregoing facts, he exhorted "all good citizens throughout the State to be mindful that their first allegiance is due to the soA^ereignty Avhich protects their honor and dearesr interests, as their first serAdce is due for the sacred de- fense of their hearths, and of the soil which holds tlic graves of our glorious dead." 12 170 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. THE STARS AND BARS UNFURLED. Things were then getting warm, and personal en- counters between champions of secession and ''Union men" were common. Later in April a '^secession pole'' and flag were raised on a vacant lot on Fayette- ville street, and Avas fired upon bv a ''Union man," which act came near precipitating a riot. Duncan Haywood and Basil C. Manly, both of whom were among the first to manifest their secession proclivities by wearing upon their hats a red cockade — the badge of secession — had gone to this place with a secession or Confederate flag, for the purpose of hoisting it on a pole which had been erected for that purpose. On their arrival, with their friends, they found a number of antagonists, or "Union men," who displayed great opposition to the raising of this symbol of war. One of this number was armed with a shotgun, who avowed his determination to shoot down the flag the instant it was raised. The hot-headed secessionists Avere not to be thus deterred, aud proceeded to carry out their purpose. By this time a reckless young fellow, by the name of Tom Yates, had secreted him- self under an old shed near Wilmington street. The flag was hoisted, but no sooner had its folds unfurled, than bang ! went Tom Yates's gun. At that moment Wiley Sauls, a daring leader of the "Union men," ad- vanced to the pole, declaring his intention of cutting down the flag. One of those Avho had been promi- nent in the movement, being equally determined, at this juncture drew a pistol and threatened Avar upon Sauls and his friends if the emblem of State's rights was further molested. By this time cooler heads had arrived on the scene, and their wise counsel prevail- ing, what had promised a serious riot was averted. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 171 The young men who had shown so much opposition to the secession movement in this and other ways, were afterwards among the first, be it said to their credit, to shoulder their muskets and prove their loyalty to their native land. Many of them are sleep- ing to-day on Virginia's soil. Shortly after the occurrence of the foregoing inci- dent, a large and enthusiastic meeting was held, to which Avere invited all parties who desired "to unite in resisting the usurper Lincoln," as the newly elected President was termed. Dr. Fabius J. Haywood (fa- ther of Dr. F. J. Haywood, Jr.), was made chairman of the meeting, and Mr. C. B. Root, secretary. At this meeting the reply of Governor Ellis to Lincoln for troops was heartily endorsed. Major A. M. Lewis was the chairman of the committee to draft resolu- tions. The most exciting time ever experienced in Raleigh was on the 20th of May, 1861, the day on which the State severed its connection with the Union by the adoption of the Secession Ordinance. This was done through a State Convention, which had been called for the purpose of considering what should be the atti- tude of the commonwealth with regard to the seces- sion movement, which was rife throughout the South. As soon as the result was announced, one hundred guns were fired in the Capitol Square, and the bells of the city rung, amid the deafening shouts of an excited multitude. The people were wild I The following is a verbatim copy of the Ordinance of Secession : "We, the people of the State of North Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, that the ordinance adopted by the State of North Carolina in the Con- 172 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. yention of 1789, whereby the Constitution of the Uni- ted States Avas ratified and adopted, and also all acts and parts of acts of the General Assembly, ratifying and adopting amendments to the said Constitution, are hereby repealed, rescinded and abrogated. "We do further declare and ordain, that the Union now subsisting between the State of North Carolina and the other States under the title of the United States of America, is hereby dissolved, and that the State of North Carolina is in full possession and exer- cise of all those rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and independent State." The military spirit of the people was by this time fully aroused. Besides organizations for field duty, a company known as the ''Home Guard" was formed, composed of men beyond the age of forty-five, the most active members of which were to patrol the city every nisht when so directed. However, a communication was sent to one of the papers signed *'Laay," saying, ''we desire no such company — let them go where they are needed." The editor, after commending the lady's spirit, commented thus: "Nearly every lady in town was for secession long before the war begun, and now they actually Avant all the men to leave and go into the field, while they will protect themselves. Hurrah for the ladies of Ealeigh!" PREPARATIONS FOR ThjE CONFLICT. At the outbreak of the war there was organized in Raleigh three companies — one of artillery and two of infantry. Nearly every one who enlisted at that time joined one or the other of these organizations. Still, HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 173 there were some who united themselves with other commands. Their names are herein given, as well as those joining the home companies. Later, in 1862, another company was formed here, most of the mem- bers of which had resided in Raleigh. The following are the names of all the Raleigh boys who were in the Confederate service in any ca- pacity — whether as officers or privates — at any time during the war, from the firing on Fort Sumter in 1861, to the surrender at Appomattox in 1865 : TENTH REGIMENT. — COMPANY A. " Forth from its scabbard, pure and bright Flashed the sword of Lee ! Far in the front of the deadly- fight, High o'er the brave in the cause of Right. Its stainless sheen, like a beacon light, Led us to victory." —Rev. Father Ryan. This company was first known as Ramseur's Bat- tery, and organized in Raleigh in April, 1861, with S. D. Ramseur as captain. This officer was after- ward promoted, and Basil C. Manly, of Raleigh, com- missioned in his stead. The only other officers of this company who were residents of Raleigh at the time of their commission were B. B. Guion and Wm. J. Saunders. The non-commissioned officers were, Phil. H. Sas- ser, 1st Sergt. ; Jas. D. Newsom, 2d Sergt. ; Jas. Mc- Kimmon, 4th Sergt. ; Wm. E. Pell, 1st Corp. ; X. W. West, Artificer. The privates were, C. R. Harris, C. Harward, J. S. Harward, E. Telfair Hall, G. W. Perry, Samuel Snow, W. A. Wedding, W. H. Bledsoe, J. Pugh Haywood, Herbert Bragg, E. F. Page, J. Q. DeCarteret, J. J. Iredell, C. T. Iredell, Geo. 3[. Whit- ing, W. F. Ramsey, Chas. McKimmon, W. M. Jones. 174 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. FOURTEENTH REGIMENT — COMPANY E. This company was organized in 1861, with George H. Faribault as captain. Other captains at later periods were, Wm. T. Poole, Jefferson M. Henson. Other officers were : Marcellus Thompson, 1st Lieut. ; John W. Harrison, 2d Lieut. ; Jas. Murray Royster, 3d Lieut. The non-commissioned officers were : W. H. Hamil- ton, Wm. H. Finch, Wm. C. Parker, Wm. H. Vaughn, Albert D. Carter, Jas. J. Lewis, Washington W. Overby, Rufus W. Smith, Joseph Woodroe. None of the privates of this company, except Wash- ington Overby, Sidney Taylor and Joseph Woodroe, were residents of Raleigh, and hence their names are omitted. FOURTEENTH REGIMENT — COMPANY K. This company was organized in 1861, with Wm. H. Harrison as captain. Captain Harrison resigned in 1862, and Joseph Jones was promoted to this rank. The other commissioned officers were: Lieutenants Sion H. Rogers, Pinckney C. Hardie, Quentin Busbee, Seaton Gales, John S. Bryan, Chas. W. Beavers. The non-commissioned officers were: Jas. D. Hol- lister, R. C. Badger, E. M. Roberts, Jas. A. Puttick, Peter Suggs, Rufus H. Ruth, Austin Moss, Chas. Kruger, Henry Hahn, Henry Freibes. The privates were, J. Quint. Bryan, Peter Blum, Wm. Champion, Wm. Chamblee, John L. Cooper, John Driver, Bryant Dinkins, R. N. Fennell, Wm. L Gooch, Geo. W. High, M. Harrison, Wm. J. Hall, George Hood, Thos. G. Jenkins, Eldridge Johnson, L. N. Keith, F. Kuester, H. H. Martindale, W. T. HISTORICAL KALEIGH. 175 Moss, Geo. D. Miller, W. L. Nowell, R. G. Nowell, Wm. H. Putney, J. B. Perkinson, Henry Pennington, David W. Royster, J. R. Renn, S. A. Smith, I. D, Smith, Marion Smith, S. W. Smith, Geo. T. Stronach, Jno. W. Svme, Sim Smith, Wilev Sauls, Jno. D. J. C. S. T.rMSDEX. Died 1901 ; aged seventy years. Thompson. E. M. Wagstaff, Sam'l C. White, W. W. Wynne. The foregoing lists of members of the Tenth and Fourteenth Regiments refer to the men as they en- listed, or to officers as they were commissioned or ap- pointed, when entering the army. This fact must be considered if it should be discovered that at a later 176 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. loeriocl any priAate or officer bore a rank or filled a position differing from that herein set out. FORTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT — COMPANY C. This company was organized in Kaleigh in Febru- ary, 1862, with Eyerard Hall, captain; Campbell T. Iredell, 1st Lieutenant; Dayid W. Whitaker and Geo. M. Whiting, 2d Lieutenants. Other members of this organization Ayere : Nat. L. Brown, J. C. Syme, Wm. J. Hall, L. M. Green, George B. Moore, AY. P. Brao^or, Jonas Medlin, Lieut. Jas. M. Royster, Joseph Wood- ard, E. A. Williams. Other officers and men of this regiment, but mem- bers of other companies, Avere: Col. Sion H. Rogers, Chaplain W. S. Lacy, Capt. Geo. M. Whiting, Liieut. Jno. T. Womble, Lieut. Chas. C. Loyejoy, Lieut. C. Hutchings, Jas. F. AndrcAys, A. D. Eoyster, Jno. S. Primrose, Mart. Thompson. Drum Major W. D. Smith, W. C. Stronach, Richard Putney, Nicholas Gill, Geo. S. Hines. The folloAAing, residents of Raleigh, AA'ere members of A'arious commands: Lieut. F. H, Busbee, 71st Reg. ; Sherwood Badger ; George Badger ; Wm. Car- ter, 31st Reg. ; Dr. P. E. Hines, Surgeon 1st N. C. Bethel Reg.-^F. J. HayAyood, Adj't. 5th X. C. Reg.; C. M. Busbee, Sergt.-Major 5tli X. C. Reg. ; Lieut. Jos. Haywood, Mallett's Bat.; Lieut. Ethelred Jones, 12th Va. Regt. ; J. C. :\Lircom. Sgt. Cummings Bat. ; L. D. Womble, Cumming's Bat. ; Major H. M. Miller, Cox's Brigade ; W. B. Royster, 56th Reg. ; A. B. Stronach, Starr's Bat. ; Rey. B. Smedes, Chaplain 5th Reg. ; Lieut. EdAyard Smedes, 5th Reg. ; lyes Smedes, Tucker's CaA'alry; Lieut. A. K. Smedes; Major W. J. Saunders ; Courier G. L. Tonnoffski, 17th Reg. ; C. D. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 1T7 Upchurch ; Lieut. Wm. Haywood ; Lieut. Duncan Hay- wood, Tth Reg. ; Geo. Lovejoy, Lieut.-Col. 14tli Reg. ; G. N. Richardson, 52d Reg.; A. J. McAlpin, Thos. Chrisman, Major Jas. Iredell, Henry J. Brown ; Sin- gleton Lacy, Va. Reg. ; Lieut. Jno. Bragg; Capt. A. W. Lawrence; Surgeon-General Clias. E. Johnson, Sur- geon-General E.Burke Haywood, Col. Dan'l G. Fowle, Lieut. Jno. B. Neathery, Major Jno. C. Winder, Major A. M. Lewis; Jas. B. Jordan, Adjt. 26th Reg.; Major Jno. Devereux, Capt. M. A. Bledsoe; Major Thos. D. Hogg ; Lieut. Thad. McGee ; Lieut. Chas. H. Thompson ; Capt. Delamar Husted; Capt. J. R. Smith, TOth Reg. ; W. H. Bledsoe, Manly's Bat.; Hugh Campbell, 70th Reg.; Lieut. Jno. S.' Pescud, Reese's Bat.; J. M. Towles, TOth Reg. ; C. S. Weddon, TOth Reg. ; Lieut Thos. G. Jenkins, 44th Reg. ; Lieut. M. B. Barbee, 6th Reg. ; Capt. R. S. Tucker, 3d Cav. ; Lieut. Cadwalader Iredell, 3d Cav. ; P. H. Young, 3d Cav. ; Capt. Drury Lacy, 43d Reg. ; Lieut.-Col. Ed. Graham Haywood, Tth Reg. ; Lieut. Thos. Badger, 43d Reg. ; Lieut. Jas. Mc- Kee, Tth Reg. ; T. P. Devereux, 43d Reg. EVENTS AT HOME. There was now settled conviction in the minds of all that war was inevitable, and that although the conflict might be brief, yet hardship and deprivation in all probability w^oufd have to be endured, not only by tho soldiers in the field but by their loved ones at home. Means w^ere early sought to diminish, as much as possible, this condition, especially in so far as the fam- ilies of the soldiers were concerned. The first action taken in this direction was' the holding of a mass 178 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. meeting, at which resolutions were adopted 'instruct- ing the mayor and commissioners to appropriate an amount sufficient to furnish at least the necessaries of life to the needy families of those who may enter the volunteer service from the city, during their ab- sence.'^ Hon. John H. Bryan, Major Moses A. Bled- soe and Rev. T. E. Skinner composed the committee to draft the resolutions. It is not learned what amounts were afterwards realized for this purpose, but, of course, donations were liberal. The battle of Bethel, the first engagement of the war, was fought within a month after the State had seceded from the Union. In Raleigh there was great rejoicing over the news of our victory, announcing "the defeat of 4,500 of Lincoln's hirelings by 1,160 North Carolinians and Virginians/' as a current news- paper stated it. This was the battle in which fell the first martyr to the "Lost Cause'' — Henry Wyatt, who, although not a Raleigh boy, was a valiant soldier. The two parties at this time — the Democratic and the Whig — were known, the former as the Disunion or Secession party, the latter as the Conservatives. These, though nominally favoring secession, were in reality Unionists. In other words, the Whigs reluc- tantly favored the war, while the Democrats were anx- ious for the conflict. The two leading papers — the Register and the Standard — represented these par- ties — the former the Whigs and the latter the Demo- crats. On one occasion, in 1861, Mr. Jno. W. Syme, one of the editors of the Register, having taken offense at an editorial in the Standard, challenged its editor. Mr. Holden, for a duel. This was in May, 1861, be- fore the State had formally withdrawn its allegiance to the Union. Mr. Syme, in the note or letter consti- tuting the challenge, said he had found language HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 179 used which was highly offensive to him. He added : "As soon as I can procure the services of a friend you shall hear further from me on the subject." J. W. Cameron was the bearer of the challenge. Mr. Holden, in refusing to accept the challenge, replied : "I do not approve of or practice the code of the duelist. The code of honor is barbarous and un- christian. If I wrong a man I will right him and do him justice. I do not fear you, nor any one else; nor do I, when I know I am right, fear the public opinion which sustains the code of the duelist." This was the last of the matter and no more was heard of it. At this period there were a great many Unionists (as they were called) in Raleigh, and much feeling existed between these and the secession papers, espec- ially the ^tate Journal^ which was extremely violent in its denunciation of Union men. At one time some of these latter had threatened the editor. This reached his ears, and the following are his observations in the next issue of his paper : "A reign of terror on a small scale exists in Raleigh. The people will one day open their eyes to its originators. We have been notified that a body of one hundred men were ready to ^ride us on a rail.' They may do so, but it will be when life is extinct and w^hen we have taken some of them with us to the judgment seat. We defy the whole pack." The news of the Battle of Manassas, which was fought on July 21, 1861, created great joy. One news- paper headed the article announcing the battle thus : "Another great victory ! The plains of Manassas ren- dered immortal I The great Army of the Potomac routed I Victory crowns our arms! The Hessians flee! The Confederates pursue! One hundred and sixty thousand men on the field ! Great slaughter on both sides!" After describing the battle, the paper 180 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. thus expresses its enthusiasm : ''This blow Avill shake the Northern Union in every bone — the echo will reverberate round the globe. It secures tlie indepen- dence of the Southern Confederacy. '- Dr. Chas. E. Johnson, of Raleigh, who was then Sur- geon-General of the State, with several of his staff, was at once dispatched to the hospitals near Manas- sas, to render proper assistance to the wounded. Some visible signs of victory soon appeared, for in the early fall of that year more than two hundred Yankee pris- oners passed through Raleigh — "on their way to Avin- ter quarters in Columbia," as one paper stated. The first Regimental Hospital was organized in May, 1861, by Dr. P. E. Hines, who accompanied the 1st Regiment to Yorktown as its surgeon. The first military hospital for North Carolina troops was established in Raleigh in April, 1861, by Dr. E. Burke HayAvood. The memory of this good man is revered by many old soldiers, who Avere re- lieA^ed of much pain and saved from an untimely death by his great love, skill and sympathy. The hos- pital was subsequently knoAvn as PettigrcAv Hospital. Mr. W. H. Dodd Avas for some time hospital steward. SACKING OF NEWSPAPER OFFICES. For more than tAvo years anterior to the period herein mentioned there had not been entire unanimity between the Raleigh neAvspapers in regard to the pol- icy thought proper for the Confederacy to pursue in regard to the war, the State Journal favoring the '^last man and last dollar'' cotirse, AA'hile Mr. Holdeu's pa- per, the Standard, insisted on f>olicies of peace on less stringent terms. This was as well known to soldiers HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 181 at the front as to citizens at home, and their disap- proval of such policy culminated in disaster to the publication of the paper for some time. The soldiers who sought an exi)ression of their displeasure were members of Col. Wright's regiment, Benning's (Geor- gia) Brigade, and the opportunity was furnished them while being delayed in Raleigh a few hours on their wav from Northern Virginia to Chicamauga in 1863. On their arrival here, one night in September of the above mentioned year, they soon learned of the situa- tion of the Standcn-d office, Avhen they at once marched in a body to the object of their violence, and without ceremony proceeded to batter doAvn the doors of the building from Avhich this paper had been published. They grasped everything within their reach, and then the work of destruction began. Nothing upon whicli they could lay their hands Avas spared from injury. Cases of type were emptied on the floor, and many of them flung into the street ; the ponderous marble slabs on which lay the pages of set type, ready for the next issue, Avere turned over, throwing the type into a huge heap on the floor, and kegs of ink turned out or spilt over everything. For some unknown cause the press escaped, perhaps because it was in another part of the building. During this proceeding^ Gov. Vance Avas made ac- quainted with the affair, who lost no time in going rapidly to the scene to aA-ert, if possible, the destruc- tion of the office. He arrived, however, too late, for the soldiers had accomplished their purpose. Mr. Holden was not without friends and supporters, so on the day following they proposed to be aA^enged. About nine o'clock in the morning the town bell AA^as heard to ring vigorously, as if for an alarm of fire. Of 182 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. course a great crowd gathered, as usual, at the market- house. On the south side of this, on the site of G. S. Tucker & Co.'s store, was the office of the State Jour- nal. Before the bell had ceased ringing it was ob- served that a scene similar to the one above described Avas again being enacted in this office — not by sol- diers this time, however, but by ''Union men,'' (or ^'red strings," as they were sometimes called), and supporters of the Standard's peace policy. The leader of the crowd was Mark Williams, a man of great de- termination, who declared his intention of lending his aid toward meting out to the Journal the same fate as had been suffered by the Standard the night before. No less than forty people, mostly young men, joined in this work of destruction, and but a fe^s minutes were required to show how intense had been their spirit of retaliation. Every case of type was pitched out of the windows, and all the other printing material of every description rendered absolutely worthless. In this instance the printing-press did not escape — it was broken to pieces and so completely de- molished that repair was beyond hope. During this time the police were powerless, for, be- sides their numerical weakness, their inability to cope with the mob was augmented by their knowledge of the violent character of the men composing the mob. The Journal did not again make its appearance. The next issue of the Standard was delayed for more than a month. The course of events which now followed until the close of the war, though of vast moment, many of them, to the people of the State and our Southland, yet as they touched not the interests of Raleigh more HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 183 particularly than other sections, to relate them here would be foreign to the scope and purpose of this pub- lication. Therefore, after an account of the closing scenes of the great drama, as witnessed here, and which consisted of the surrender of the city to the Union forces, under General W. T. Sherman, on the 13th of April, 1865; a brief reference to the Confed- erate Veterans ; and the visit of President Johnson to his native city in 1807, our story of Raleigh of the olden times will close. SURRENDER Of RALEIGH TO FEDERAL FORCES. It was not until the arrival of Sherman's army iu Goldsboro, iu April, 1865, and his long halt at that place, for the purpose of refitting and recruiting his exhausted troops, that the people of Raleigh enter- tained any serious apprehensions of being visited by the enemy. JOHNSON'S RETREAT. The surrender of General Lee, which took place on the 9th of April, 1865, rendered it absolutely necessary that General Johnson should retreat as rapidly as pos- sible to Western North Carolina. The news of Lee's surrender reached Raleigh on the 10th, and it was then that our people realized the fact that in our im- mediate vicinity the closing acts of the great drama would take place, and that in all probability "an army of occupation" would be quartered upon us to destroy what little of our substance remained. We were not long in suspense. About the 10th of April the ad- vance of Johnson's retreating army entered and 184 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. passed through the city. It was trtily a sad sight ; the band played Dixie, and the worn out veterans seemed to arouse up every muscle to appear in their best plight; their careworn faces, however, told the sad tale, and silently they wended their way westward. They were several days in passing through, and, as they came, the news was communicated that the "Yankees" were near at hand. PREPARATIONS FOR A FORMAL SURRENDER. In the meantime it was considered best that the city authorities should take some steps for the proper sur- render of the city, which Johnson's retreat Avould nec- essarily leave at the mercy of the enemy. A meeting of the Board of Aldermen, then called Commissioners, was called, and a committee appointed, consisting of several members of that body and some four or five other citizens. The duties of the committee thus ap- pointed were understood to be somewhat as follows : They were expected to meet the advance of the Federal army a short distance from the city and formally sur- render the same. The particular manner in which the programme was to be carried out was left, to a great extent, to Mayor W. H. Harrison. The night of the 12th of April was one of extreme anxiety. Gen. Wade Hampton with his cavalry force occupied the city, nor did many of them leave until within a few hours of the enemy's approach to the cor- porate limits. Col. Harrison was up the entire night in the discharge of his official duty. It was known that many of Hampton's Cavalry, as was natural un- der the circumstances, were desperate and daring men. and the titmost vigilance on the part of the civil au- tliorities was necessary to preserve the peace. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 185 DEPARTURE OF THE COMMITTEE. The morning of the 13th of April was a gloomy one indeed. A stead}^ rain had set in and the sky was draped with black and ominous looking clouds. About sunrise the committee procured a carriage and proceeded out on the Holleman road to a point where it was crossed by the fortifications. The carriage contained, among others, Kenneth Rayner, P. F. Pes- cud, Mayor Harrison, Dr. E. B. Haywood, Alexander Creech and W. E. Richardson, the latter riding on the seat with the driver and carrying a staff to which was attached a white handkerchief to be used as a flag of truce. Arriving at their destination they awaited, amidst a drenching rain, the coming of the enemy. About 8 o'clock, from the summit of the hill beyond Walnut Creek, near the residence of the late W. H. Holleman, was seen a body of horsemen approaching Suddenly they were observ^ed to halt and one of the foremost leveled a field spy-glass towards the place occupied by the committee. Then it was that Mr. Richardson, who had been assigned the duty of waving the flag of truce, stuck the emblem of peace on the top of the fortification. A few minutes afterward a detachment rode up to the committee, the officer in charge enquiring, '^What does this mean?'' Mr. Rav- ner replied that they were a joint delegation of city officials and citizens, who, in the absence of any mili- tary organizations, desired to surrender the city and ask protection for its non-combatants and public and private property. The officer replied that Gen. Kil- patrick alone had authority to arrange terms of sur render. 13 186 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. AN INTERVIEW WITH KILPATRICK. The officer with his escort then returned to the main body of troops, and in a short while Gen. Judson Kil- patrick, the notorious Federal cavalry commander, made his appearance before them. Mr. Rayner stepped forward and said: "This is Gen. Kilpatrick, I pre- sume.'' "That is my name," replied Kilpatrick, "whom do I address?" "My name, sir, is Rayner — Kenneth Rayner," replied our spokesman, "and 1 have been selected to formally surrender the city of Raleigh to Gen. Sherman's army." Mr. Rayner made an earnest and tender appeal for the protection of the city and her people, at which the committee found it difficult to repress their feelings, and tears moistened the eyes of all. Kilpatrick received the words of the speaker with cold indifference. He said he would pro- tect the lives and property of all who yielded "obe- dience to law and order, but should pursue with re- lentless fury all traitors in armed opposition to the in- tegrity of the Union." The committee then returned to the city. AT THE enemy's MERCY — AN INCIDENT. In a short while after the committee had returned, Kilpatrick's cavalry began to enter the city. Passing rapidly up Fayetteville street towards the capitol, suddenly they came to a check, and at the same in- stant was heard a loud exclamation, "Hurrah for the Southern Confederacy !" accompanied by the report of a pistol in the hands of a Confederate officer, mounted and occupying the middle of the street between what is now Hicks's Pharmacy and the Christian Advocate office. He had fired at Kilpatrick advance. Attempt- HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 187 ing to escape, he was captured and carried before Kil- patrick in the Capitol Square. Said the orderly having the prisoner in charge to Kilpatrick, "General, here is the man who fired at our advance." "To whose command do you belong?'' asked Kil- patrick. "I belong to Hamilton's Cavalry, and am from Texas," replied the man. "Don't you know, sir, what the penalty is for re- sisting after terms of surrender have been agreed upon?" said Kilpatrick. "I knew nothing about the surrender, and I didn't shoot at anybody." "I understood," said Kilpatrick, "that you are one of these fellows who have been breaking open stores, and committing robbery during last night and early this morning, and your action to-day has endangered the lives of many of the citizens of this town; you deserve death, sir. Orderly," he continued, "take this man out where no ladies can see him, and hang him." Efforts were made by some of our prominent citi- zens to save the man who was about to yield up his life for an act of folly, but to no purpose-he was taken to the southeast corner of what was then known as the Eayner Grove, beyond the Governor's Mansion, and hung to a tree, under which he was buried. His remains were afterwards taken up and deposited near the northwest corner of the Confederate Cemetery. A similar incident, ending more fortunately, soon afterwards took place. Early on the morning of the surrender, Lieutenant James, of the Confederate service, who had been at- tached to the Provost Marshal's office here, while re- turning on horseback from a visit to lady friends in 188 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. the northeastern part of the city, was met bv some of Kilpatrick's Cavalry who, observing that he wore th«i uniform of a Confederate officer, summoned him to surrender. This he refused to do, but endeavored to defend himself by reaching for Jiis pistol. He was, however, overpowered and taken prisoner. This was soon after Kilpatrick had so summarily disposed of HOX, N. B. BROUGHTON. Senator from Wake. the unfortunate Texan. Being also carried before Kilpatrick, the latter, looking the young officer sternly in the face, said : ^^Who are you, sir?'^ ^*My name, sir, is James — Lieutenant James, of tlie Confederate service,'- was the reply. ^'Why are you not v. itli your command? What are you doing straggling about? Are you a spy?'' in- quired Kilpatrick. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 189 "I am no straggler or spy either — I am attached to the Provost ^rarshal's office^ in this city," answered James. "Ah, indeed," said Kilpatrick, "so much the worse for you, sir; you must have known of the surrender of the city, and yet, as 1 am informed, you showed fight w^hen my men attempted to arrest you.'' "I did not know of the surrender," said James; "I had been visiting, and supposed from the action of your men that a skirmish was going on between your advance and some of General Hamilton's rear. Such being my impression, I attempted to defend myself — I would do so again, sir.'' "I have just hung a man for an ofPense similar to yours, sir,'' said Kilpatrick. "Very well, sir,'' said James, "you have me in your power — you can hang me if you like." As this w^as said, a thrill of terror ran through the bystanders, for there were numbers of our citizens on the spot, who surely thought that the reply would be an order for another execution. Kilpatrick paused a moment, and looking the young officer full in the face — the latter returning the gaze in a bold and de- fiant manner — answered : "No, I'll not hang you. Orderly,'' he continued, addressing the man in charge of the squad, "take charge of this young man until further orders." James was taken from the guards and placed in prison. He was released on parole in a few days. 190 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. THE ASSASSINATION Of PRESIDENT LINCOLN. News of the assassination of the President was re- ceived here on the 15th of April, 1865, — the day fol- lowing the tragedy. The news spread rapidly among the soldiers of the army as well as among the citizens of the town. As the story spread from mouth to mouth the dimensions of the affair hugely increased, and the perpetrators of the deed were declared to be promi- nent officers of the Confederate Government, acting directly under instructions from President Davis and his Cabinet. Of course there were not wanting those who sought by the most absurd recitals to add fuel to the flames of excitement, in the hopes of exciting the mob element of the Federal army to wreak vengeance upon the inhabitants of the city, and thereby afford an excuse for plunder and other outrageous deeds of vio- lence. In the meantime a few of the citizens endeav- ored to obtain authentic information concerning the assassination from General Sherman, but without avail. A NIGHT OF TERROR. On the 15th, night fell upon our people in a state of the wildest excitement and alarm. All kinds of ru- mors were afloat as to the intention of the army. Crowds of soldiers were to be seen standing at the cor- ners of the different streets, loud in their expressions of indignation, and open in their declarations to have vengeance for what they termed the "rebel murder." It was a terrible time. Many of the citizens petitioned for extra guards. Hundreds of people sat up during the entire night, expecting every moment mob vio- lence. About 9 o'clock additional alarm was created by the alarm of "fire I" Many thought that the work HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 191 of destruction had commenced. Hundreds of citizens repaired to the scene of the flames, but the cause of excitement was happily discovered to be the acciden- tal burning of a deserted workshop in the remote southeastern section of the city. The remaining por- tion of the night passed off in a comparatively quiet manner. It is authoritatively stated that but for the prompt action of Major-General Logan a mob would have sacked the city on the night above alluded to. He had arrived in the city during the day from Morrisville, and was, in the early part of the night, at the house of a well-known citizen, when he was called out by a pri- vate soldier, who told him that a part of his com- mand, encamped near the Insane Asylum, were on their way to the city for the purpose of burning it. He immediately mounted his horse and met. the mob at the bridge over Rocky Branch, where with mingled threats and entreaties he dissuaded them from their vile purpose. SHERMAN SUSPENDS A NEWSPAPER. At the time of the surrender of the city, among other papers published here was the Daily Progress. After Sherman's occupation this journal was permitted to continue issuing its regular editions. The late Ool. W. R. Richardson, of Raleigh ( father of our esteemed townsman, Mr. Walter Richardson), was one of the proprietors. A few days after Lincoln's assassination the paper was seen to contain an article reflecting upon Sherman for allowing private property to be taken for army purposes without compensation. The property alluded to was the residence of the late Dr. F. J. Haywood, at the head of Fayetteville street. 192 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. Early in the forenoon of the same day Col. Richardson received the following note from Gen. Sherman, run- ning somewhat as follows : ''To the Proprietors of the Progress: ^^You are hereby ordered to suspend your paper and report at once to headquarters. (Signed) '^W. T. Sherman.^' Col. Richardson prepared as soon as possible to obey the summons, while, in the language of that gentle man himself, "the ghost of the unfortunate Texan flitted before him, and the case-mated walls of For- tress Monroe angrily frowned in prospect.'' Appear- ing before Sherman, the latter said, ^'So you are an editor?'' and continued: ''There is one thing I wane you newspaper men to understand, and that is, you are not conducting a newspaper in Massachusetts or New York, but in a conquered territory; and I'll have you to understand that if you can't carry on your pa- pers without reflecting on my army, I am determined that they shall be suspended." An explanation was made by Col. Richardson which A\'as deemed sufficient to excuse him from what Sher- man thought had been almost treasonable, and the Progress afterwards made its appearance as usual. About the 25th of April Gen. Sherman left the army in command of Schofield, and proceeded to Savannah, for the purpose of directing matters in South Carolina and Georgia. Upon his return to Raleigh arrange- ments were made for the disposition of the forces un- der his command. The Tenth and Twenty-third Corps, together with Kilpatrick's Cavalry Division, were or- dered to remain in North Carolina until further or- ders. Most of the remaining portion of the army was HISTORICAL RALEIGM. 193 ordered to march to Washington, where a grand re- view took place on the 24th of May. On the 30th of the same month Sherman issued his farewell orders to his troops. RETURN OF THE CONFEDERATE VETERANS. L. O'B. BRANCH CAMP 515 U. C. V. Officers : A. B. Stroxach, Commander. J. S. Allen, 1st Lieut. Commander. W. H. Hughes, 2d Lieut. Commander. J. C. BiRDSONG, Adjutant. R. H. Bradley, R. H. Brooks, Color Bearers. W. D. Smith, Drum Major. Of the large number of officers and men in Raleigh who went forth to battle for victory, all now remain- ing, who reside still in their boyhood home, to tell the story of their struggles, their deprivations, their hopes, their triumphs, and alas I their defeat, are the following. Most of these are members of the above organization : Jas. D. Newsom, N. W. West, Telfair Hall, J. Pugh Haywood, Jos. A. Haywood, Chas. McKimmon, J. J. Lewis, Chas. W. Beavers, Wm. L. Gooch, Wm. J. Hall, W. Loftin Nowell, David W. Royster, Sim. Smith, Jno. D. Thompson, W. W. Wynne, J. C. Syme, Alfred Lewds, L. M. Greene, C. Hutchings, [Nlart Thompson, W. D. Smith, Richard Putney, Dr. F. J. Haywood, C. M. Busbee, F. H. Busbee, C. R. Harris, J. C. Mar- com, L. D. Womble, W. B. Royster, A. B. Stronach, W. J. Saunders, Geo. L. Tonnoffski, M. A. Bledsoe, 194 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. Dr. T. D. Hogg, Dr. Jas. McKee, T. P. Devereux, Jno. S. Pescud, M. B. Barbee, D. H. Young, Thos. Badger. " Furl that banner I True 'tis gory, Yet 'tis wreathed around with glory, And 'twill live in song and story. Though its folds are in the dust. For its fame on brightest pages, Penned by poets and by sages. Shall go sounding down the ages- Furl its folds though now we must." —Rev, Father Ryan. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 195 MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS AFTER THE WAR. As showing the condition of things in city affairs shortly after the termination of the war, the following, it is thought, may prove not uninteresting : W. W. Holden having been made Provisional Gov- ernor on the 29th of May, 1865, by President Johnson, the former, on June 30, appointed W. H. Harrison, Mayor; W. R. Richardson, Treasurer; J. J. Christo- phers, Clerk ; J. J. Betts, Chief Constable. The Com- missioners were : Alexander Creech, C. M. Farris and Parker Overby, representing the Western Ward; W. R. Richardson, H. Mahler and A. L. Lougee, the Mid- dle Ward; N. S. Harp, J. J. Overby and Hackney Pool, the Eastern Ward. At a special meeting of the Commissioners on July 18th of same year, as evidencing the loyalty of the citizens of Raleigh to the United States Government, a resolution was adopted, as follows: ''Resolved^ That it is the opinion of the Commissioners of the city of Raleigh, derived as well from their personal inter- course as from well accredited reports, that the citi- zens have willingly accepted the terms of peace and restoration to the Union, tendered by the President of the United States, and are now loyal and obedient to the Federal Government.'' It was not until October, however, that it was learned that we were free from military rule, for on the 10th of that month it was ordered by the Commis- sioners, "that a committee be appointed to wait on the Governor and Provost Marshal and ascertain if the city is turned over to the civil authorities." At the same meeting "W. H. & R. S. Tucker were appointed auctioneers for the city," as was also B. P. Williamson &Co. 196 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. The committee above mentioned, after obeying the instructions of the Board, at a subsequent meeting reported that they had ''waited on the Governor, who so understands that the city is turned over," etc. At a meeting of the Commissioners on October 25, it was "Ordered : That a captain of the police of the city be appointed, whose duty it shall be to station himself at or near the guardhouse during the night (unless otherwise called off by duty), whose duty it shall be, in case of riot or other disorder, to cause the town bell to be rung, calling the entire police force to repair to the scene of disorder and quell the disturb- ance, and afterwards to repair to their respective beats.'' On October 28, it was ordained by the Board "that no free person of color shall serve in any storehouse or shop within the corporation where ardent spirits are sold, as tapster or bar-keeper, or in any way assist in the vending of such ardent spirits in such store- house or shop, under a penalty of ten dollars.'' Three days thereafter the ordinance was repealed. Before 1867 the meetings of the Board of Commis- sioners seemed to have been secret, as it is found by the minutes of the meeting held in January of that year that "it was moved and agreed that the doors of the mayor's office be thrown open to all citizens at the time of the meetings of the Board.'' As throwing some light on the question of domestic animals running at large, it may be interesting to the average resident of Ealeigh to learn that at a meeting of the Board of Commissioners about that time, it was "ordered that the chief of police be allowed two per- sons two days in each week for the purpose of taking up all hogs and goats running at large, and that they be allowed the sum of |1.50 per day each for their ser- HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 19T The city seems to have been pushed for revenue, too, about this time, for a tax of fifteen cents was impose^l "on each beef and five cents on eacli sheep sold on Market Square.'' A NOTABLE EVENT. The visit of President Andrew Johnson to Raleigh, the place of his birth, on June 3, 1867, was an occasion of much interest, not merely because he was a Presi- dent, but for the additional reason that it was here he was born and from the humblest station in life had risen to the most distinguished position in the gift of the people of the United States. The President's visit was occasioned by the comple- tion of the monument that had but a short while be fore been erected to the memory of his father, Jacol> Johnson, who died in 1712, and in response to an invitation by the city to be present at the memorial exercises to be observed on June 1th, following. The President was accompanied by Secretary of State Seward, whose life had been so seriously at- tacked on the night of President Lincoln's assassina- tion in Washington, and Postmaster-General Randall. The President and party were met at the depot by a large concourse of people, more than two-thirds of whom were colored — the other third being made up of military. State and municipal authorities, and white citizens. Gov. Worth, ExGovernors Graham, Swain, Manly and Bragg, together with Judge E. G. Reade, B. F. ^loore, Esq., and ^layor Dallas Haywoixl, hon- ored the occasion with their presence. Mayor Haywood tendered the hospitalities of the city in a brief address, when the President responded 198 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. by returning his gratification at the kindness of the citizens of his native town, who had known him long- est and best and who thus honored him. After the arrival of the distinguished guests at the Yarborough House, Gov. Worth introduced the Presi- dent from the balcony, to the large audience which had gathered. This was feelingly responded to by Mr. Johnson, who said, among other things, that forty- one years before, poor and penniless, he had left his native town to make his way in the world. He had ever loved his native State, and though she had not been to him a cherishing mother, nevertheless she was his mother. He would not discuss political matters, said he, but invoked all to stand by the Union and the Constitution. Before closing his remarks, he ad- dressed himself to the young men of the city and bade them labor to make themselves men of learning, dis- tinction and power. On Tuesday the President gave a public reception in the House of Eepresentatives, after which, accom- panied by Secretary Seward, Postmaster-General Ran- dall, the State and municipal authorities, and Ex- Governor Swain (who was orator of the day), he re- paired to the City Cemetery (comer of Morgan and East streets) to witness the memorial exercises at the erection of the monument of his father, Jacob John- son. Ex-Governor Swain then delivered the address in the presence of a vast assembly. On the next day the President returned to Wash- ington. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 199 RALEIGH'S CENTENNIAL CELEBRA- TION. In 1892, it was thought eminently fitting that there should be celebrated the one hundredth anniversary of the founding of the city of Raleigh. To this end, an ad- dress was printed and sent throughout the State and to a great number of distinguished native North Caro- linians then residing in other States, inviting them to be present on the 18th, 19th and 20th of October, to join in the festivities. Besides a festival recalling colonial days, and a magnificent pyrotechnic display, there was a grand allegorical and trade procession. Appropriate ser vices were held in all the churches, but the most elab- orate observance took place at the Church of the Good Shepherd (Protestant Episcopal), in commem- oration of the one hundredth anniversary of the con- secration on American soil of a Bishop of the Protest- ant Episcopal Church. This was at the morning service. At night the service commemorated the Cen- tennial of Raleigh and the quadri-centennial of the landing of Columbus. Hon. Chas. M. Busbee, of Ra- leigh, delivered an able address, as did also Hon. Geo. T. Winston. The most attractive feature of the celebration was the procession, in which were a great number of "floats'' or "cars," (as they were called), constructed to represent different historical events, some of which were the following : Sir Walter Raleigh before Queen Elizabeth ; reception of Lafayette in Raleigh in 1825, by Governor Burton. Included in this scene was a faithful representation of Lafayette and Miss Eliza- beth Haywood before Canova's statue of Washington, 200 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. during Lafayette's visit to Raleigh the above men- tioned year. In the procession also was a fac suiiilc representa- tion of the ^^Tornado/' the first locomotive that came to Raleigh, for the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, with a freight car attached, the original coming here in 1840. One of its first engineers, Mr. Albert Johnson, (now deceased) — Avas on the "fioat," and held the throttle as he had of the original engine fifty years before. Another ^ 'float'' was in commemoration of the services of citizens of Raleigh in the War of 1812. This was represented by Hxe Raleigh gentlemen, whose ancestors, in a direct line, served in that struggle. Four veterans of the Mexican War represented that event, viz., Messrs. Mordecai B. Barbee, H. W. Earp, Wm. H. High and W. A. Lamb. Eight ex-soldiers of the Civil War, attired in the identical grey uniform they had worn thirty years before, honored the mem- ory of the Lost Cause. On Tuesday evening, the 18th, Dr. Kemp P. Battle delivered an historic oration, and on Wednesday night a grand display of fireworks Avas witnessed at Moore Square by not less than ten thousand people, the fes- tiAdties of the Centennial occasion closing on Thurs- day night with a magnificent ball at Stronach's audi- torium. HISTORICAL RALKKJII. 201 A GLANCE AT RALElGh Of TO-DAY. THE CITY A CENTRE. FINANCIALLY. INDUSTRIALLY AND SOCIALLY-TME EDUCATIONAL HEART Of THE STATE-ITS REMARKABLE GROWTH AND CONSTANT DEVELOPMENT. IJaleigli was born a State capital. Tlie Avise men of the State selected the location when it was a primeval forest because it possessed every natural advantaiii(\ There is no finer climate in the world. It was built in a majiuiticent natural oak forest. It is on an ele- vation and Avell drained. It is centrally located, and is surrounded by a fertile sectiini, whose lands are \\('ll adapted to diversified agriculture. It is the capital (.f a large and prosperous county, peopled for genia'ations by a tine class of men and wonuMi, noted f(U* their patriotism and their hospitality. Born as the political centre of the State, many years l)assed before its people appreciated the importance of establishing manufacturing industries that would give cmploynuuit to hundreds of skilled workers. But the prc^sent generation, alive to the industrial activities of the times, has come to appreciate that city growth and manufacturing are synonymous terms. Within the past ten or tAvelve years three large cotton facto- ries and two large knitting mills have been established in addition to other industries that give employment to hundrc^ds of men and women. The success of the industries that have been established has been so marked that the establishment of others is on foot, and only recently the stock Avas subscribed for the es- tablishment of a collar and cuff factory, to be man- aged by an expert from Troy, X. T., the centre of man- u 20! mSTOKICAL KALEKJII. ufactnre of collars and cutfs. The spirit of progress is alive, capitalists at home and abroad have their eyes upon Ivaleigh, and the next ten years will witness a development that will double Kaleigh's manufactur- ing i)lants. The cotton and tobacco industri(^s are n^ferred id at length hereafter. HON. A. >r. I'OWELL Mayor of Raleigh. It sliould be emphasized that lialeigh is the educa- tional centre of North Carolina. More young men and young Avomen are educated in Kaleigh than in any other city of the State, and the fame and patron- age of its schools and colleges are not conlincMl to State lines. It is likewise and naturally a centre of literary life, embracing manv of the first minds in the State and HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 203 attracting hither men of talent in all the professions and callings. In Oakwood Cemetery are monuments erected to the memory of many of the State's distinguished dead, and in Capitol Square within the past few years a magnificent monument has been erected to the mem- ory of the Confederate dead, and a speaking bronze statue of Zebulon Baird Vance, twice a resident of Kaleigh while Governor of the State. Soon a bronze statue of Ensign Worth Bagley, a native of Ealeigh, the first to give his life for his country in the Spanish- American war, and the only naval officer to be killed in that war, will be placed in Capitol Square. As a resident city, Kaleigh is as near perfect as any city could be desired. Its beautiful homes; wide macadamized streets; its well-kept lawns; its three parks in the very heart of the city and its large and delightful park 'in the western limit; its Eaney Li- brary, the pride of the city and the best public li- brary that is to be found anywhere in a city of its size; its elegant club house, a dream of architectural beauty; its numerous social, historical and business societies — all these and others go to make Raleigh a thoroughly delightful residence city. Because of these advantages retired business and professional men have made their homes in the capital city, and it is the home of a multitude of families of men whose busi- ness keeps them on the road. But it is impossible in any brief space to enumerate the advantages that Raleigh offers to home-seekers, business men and manufacturers. Property has never been placed at any speculative values, but can be bought cheaply when the population and advantages of the city are considered. There are many openings for profitable investment. The city is on the eve of its greatest expansion, and within the past five years has 204 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. built more residences and handsome structures than in any previous ten years, and the development is but on its threshold. The fine water power on the Xeuse, near Raleigh, has been developed, and will furnish power cheaply to factories. This will greatly accelerate the manu- facturing growth. Raleigh's material advancement is at this time more notable than at any previous period. In almost every line of business and commerce, we see marked evi- dences of a rapid, but not mushroom growth. The cotton manufacturing industry shows signs of a steady and safe increase. All the three large cotton mills in Raleigh have been enlarged, the demand for their products necessitating over-time work, and the stock has risen from fifteen to twenty-five per cent in value within the last few years. The two knitting mills are in a most flourishing condition also. At the Falls of Neuse, near the city, another large cotton mill has recently been established. At Milburnie, six miles from the city, the superb water-power of the Neuse River is being used by a new electric company, which is transmitting the power to the city for lighting and other purposes. There is great activity and success in all the estab- lished manufactures in Raleigh. All of them are rtm- ning on full time, some of them over-time, and there are new corporations organized for new manufactur- ing and development which promises big things in the way of adding to Raleigh's manufacturing greatness. Already it has a multitude of small industries which will grow into great ones. The most conspicuous advance in Raleigh is to be seen when we turn to the consideration of the work of the architects and contractors. Ten years ago Ra- leigh had one sole architect, who was not kept busy. HISTORICAL KALEIGH. 205 To-day a dozen expert and experienced graduates of the best schools of architecture have a large clientele, and there is an increasing demand for their profes- sional services. The number of prosperous firms of contractors and builders has increased even more rapidly, and the demand for new factories, new stores and new homes is even greater than the army of con- tractors and skilled mechanics can keep up with. The building of the Baptist Female University, the Capital Club, the Tucker Building, the Olivia Raney Library, the Carolina Trust Company's new building, and the new Presbyterian church marks the departure from a city of small buildings to a metropolitan city. Those buildings set the pace for the new architecture that is transforming Raleigh into a modern city. Raleigh's crowning glory is its educational primacy. The centre of official and political life for generations, it has alw^ays been noted for its excellent educational advantages. The youth from all portions of the State have been attracted to Raleigh by its fine schools and colleges. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. With its numerous schools and colleges, Raleigh can well be called an educational center. The graded schools are models of their kind. The North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts has a fine site, just beyond the western corporate limits. The college is of brick, with Wake County granite and Anson brownstone. It has a thorough course, with military features. There is a magnificent new Textile School Building, which cost 120,000, and the new Watauga Hall, which will cost 125,000. St. Mary's School for young ladies, under Episco- palian auspices, is famous throughout the South. It 206 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. is now doing a greater work than ever under the presi- dency of Rev. T. D. Bratton, and its career of useful- ness promises much for the future. Peace Institute, under Presbyterian patronage, is another well-known school for young ladies. It has an able corps of twenty instructors, and its patronage embraces many States. Mr. Jas. Dinwiddle is the President. The Baptist Female University is one of the new in- stitutions of the city, and has been remarkably suc- cessful, having a splendid faculty and possessing every advantage for doing the best work. The Raleigh Male Academy is a splendid school for boys, in its twenty-fourth year. The record of its students in universities and colleges is unexcelled. The aim of this school is to teach its pupils to think and reason for themselves — to give them such mental discipline and training as will be valuable to them in after life. Mr. Hugh Morson is the highly-efficient Principal. Shaw University, for colored people, is a huge brick structure. Adjoining is Estey Seminary for females, and near by is Leonard Medical College. There is also a law department. A medical department of the State University has been established in the city, with a faculty composed of the leading physicians and surgeons of the State. The course is two years, and is intended to supplement the regular University course in medicine. Dr. Hu- bert Royster, so eminent for his superior surgical skill, is the Dean. St. Augustine Normal School is a large institution for the education of the colored people. It has many handsome and commodious buildings. There are State schools for the white and colored blind, and the colored deaf and dumb and blind. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 207 Two orphanages have recently been established, one for Methodist and one for Catholic children. The University of North Carolina is twenty-eight miles west of the city, Wake Forest College seventeen miles north, and Trinity College twenty-eight miles away. NEWSPAPERS. Raleigh is the newspaper center of the State, hav- ing two large morning dailies, and one evening daily. Here are published the organs of the Methodist, Bap- tist and Catholic denominations. There are two week- lies devoted entirely to farming. BANKS AND BANKERS. The citv has five banks, all sound financial institu- tions, as follows : The Citizens National Bank, incor- porated 1870, capital $100,000. The Commercial and Farmers Bank, began business 1891, capital |100,000. The National Bank of Raleigh, incorporated 1885, capital $225,000. Raleigh Savings Bank, commenced business 1887, capital $15,500. Mechanics Dime Sav- ings Bank, incorporated in 1895, capital $15,000. Private bankers are Grimes & Vass, Raleigh Loan and Trust Company, and Carolina Trust Company. INSURANCE COMPANIES. The North Carolina Home Insurance Company, of Raleigh, was organized as a fire insurance company in 1868. The People's Mutual Benevolent Association, of Raleigh, was incorporated in 1897. The People's Benefit and Relief Association, of North Carolina, is a colored institution. The Mechanics and Investors Union is a model building and loan association. 208 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. HOSPITALS AND INFIRMARIES. The State Hospital, on Dix Hill, overlooking Ra- leigh, is an asylum for the insane, accommodating about 400 patients. The Eex Hospital is a public hospital for patients suffering from all except contagious diseases. The North Carolina Soldiers Home has an appro- priation from the State Treasury, and also receives voluntary contributions. St. Luke's Home for Old Ladies is managed by the King's Daughters. Leonard Medical School Hospital, Shaw Univer- sity, is for the colored people. St. Agnes Hospital and Training School for Nurses, is also for colored people. MANUFACTURING AND BUILDING. The following is a partial list of enterprises that have recently been added to the industries and im- provements of the city. The Melrose Knitting Mill, for manufacture of men's underAvear; the Williard & Ashe Hosiery Mill, for which a new brick factory has been erected; the Copperville Brick Company, with the most approved steam brick machinery; the electric plant at Milbur- nie, on Neuse River; a large cotton mill at Falls of Neuse, owned in Raleigh; Norwood Cigar Fac- tory; the Pogue plug tobacco factory, in new quar- ters; large additions to the Caraleigh Fertilizer Works ; the Cotton-seed Oil Mill ; the Caraleigh Ging- ham Mills; the Raleigh Yarn Mill, and the Pilot Plaid Mills. The Water Company has greatly enlarged their plant. An entirely new system of works and mains have been put in by the Raleigh Gas and Electric Company, at a heavy cost. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 209 The city of Raleigh rejoices in the completion of the Greater Seaboard Air Line Railway, which places our city on the through route from Boston to Florida ; it also appreciates the advantages of being on the line of the Southern Railway system— both giving to our citi- zens the advantages^f frequent trains and competi- tive rates. This city now has free rural, as well as city postal deliveries^ and with greatly increased business re- ported by the postofiBce, banks, manufacturers, mer- chants, and by the real estate, tobacco and cotton op- erators, can confidently anticipate a continued in- crease of business prosperity. The Raleigh Leaf Tobacco Company has been organ- ized within the last few months, for dealing in and manufacturing leaf tobacco. Two warehouses are already in active operation. ELECTRIC RAILWAY AND LIGHT COMPANIES. The Electric City Railroad, run by the Raleigh Elec- tric Company, is about five miles in length. It en- ables passengers to visit all the main points of interest in the city, including the State Capitol and surround- ing Stat^ buildings. Governor's Mansion, Pullen Park, Brookside Park, Oakwood Cemetery, and the various schools and colleges. It has lately added to its line and equipment. The Standard Gas and Electric Company and the Raleigh Electric Company supply electric lights to the city, the first company supplying both gas and electricity. There is also an electric fire alarm system. THE TUCKER BUILDING. This imposing and magnificent building is located on the northwest corner of Martin and Fayetteville 210 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. streets, facing on Martin street, opposite the post- office. The building is of pressed brick, is imposing in appearance, pleasing in design, its five stories standing forth a living monument to the memory of Major Tucker, and a credit to the thrift and progress of the capital city. The building is five stories in height, with a frontage of 72 feet on Fayetteville street and 68 feet on Martin street. THE CAROLINA TRUST BUILDING. The handsome office building of the Carolina Trust Company is situated on Fayetteville street, near the postoffice. This company was organized early in the year 1901, and began at once to form plans for the erection of its building, and putting in the most mod- ern equipments for its own banking and trust offices. These are located on the first floor. The upper floors are used exclusively for offices of various professions and different lines of business. On June 13, 1D02, the building was completed for occupancy, and on July 22, the extensive banking ar- rangements and furnishings were finished. The com- pany at once threw open its doors for business. This witnessed a change to meet the financial conditions of the twentieth century and the demands of our citizens for an institution to manage estates in trust and put in active operation the industries that awaited devel- opment. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The State Capitol is a magnificent building of gran- ite. It is one of the finest specimens of architecture to be found in the country, 140 by 160, and 100 feet high. When it was completed it was the handsomest State capitol building in the United States, and though others have surpassed it in size and modern HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 211 conTeniences, it is still a model of architectural beauty. It is a classic structure, with many attrac- tive features, being modelled after the Parthenon, the Lanthorn of Demosthenes, the Ionic Temple on the Illisius, the Octagon Tower of Andronicus, and the Acropolis of Athens. The North Carolina Insane i^sylum is 730 feet in length, and has room for about 400 patients. It is situated on Dix Hill, a beautiful site, and is one of the finest institutions of its kind in the country. The North Carolina Institution for the Blind occu- pies Caswell Square. The colored department of this institution is a spacious brick building on the opposite side of the city, and is equipped in every respect for this important service. The State Penitentiary is a splendid building, con- structed of brick, with granite enclosing walls, and was about twenty years in construction. It is a model structure of its kind. The Agricultural Department contains the neces- sary offices, the State Geological Museum (which also is a museum of the forestry, mines, fisheries, agricul- ture, etc., of the State), the Corporation Commission, and the rooms of the Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion. A large addition is now being erected which will greatly increase the attractiveness of the Mu- seum. The Supreme Court and State Library Building fronts Capitol Square. Its exterior is plain, but it is admirably fitted within. The State Library contains 45,000 volumes, and many portraits of citizens emi- nent in every walk of life. The Governor's Mansion is built of brick and mar- ble, and occupies the center of Burke Square. Its hall is adorned with portraits of the Governors. The beautiful marble from the Nantahala, Macon County, 212 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. was used in the construction of portions of the build- ing. The Postoffice Building is a splendid structure of granite, erected at a cost of about half a million of dollars. Wake County Court House is a unique building of brick and brownstone. It is supplied with spacious fire-proof vaults for the safe keeping of records. A statue of Justice ornaments the exterior of the struc- ture. There are five graded school buildings, all splen- didly arranged and furnished for the important uses to which they are put. The Town Hall contains the municipal offices and police headquarters, as well as providing a spacious hall for public meetings, and a market square. An elegant Union railroad passenger station has been completed at a cost of eighty-five thousand dol- lars, and is an adornment to the city. The State Fair Grounds, with spacious buildings and splendid race-course, are located two miles west of the capitol. The Federal and Confederate cemeteries are both on the eastera boundaries. They are well kept, and are adorned with appropriate monuments. CHURCHES. All of the church denominations are represented, and the sacred edifices are of very handsome archi- tecture, adding considerably to the beauty of the city. There are four Methodist, four Baptist, two Episco- pal, one Catholic, one Christian, one Presbyterian, and one Primitive Baptist church, besides other congregations, and not including several colored churches. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 213 CITY GOVERNMENT. The city is splendidly equipped with an ample sup- ply of excellent water, an efficient Board of Health and careful sanitary inspection, a complete sewerage system, a city hospital, a well-fitted up fire depart- ment ; it has an Academy of Music, Metropolitan Hall, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, a Home for Old Ladies and Incurables. PUBLIC ROADS. The people of Raleigh and Raleigh Township real- ize the vast importance of good roads, and much at- tention is being given to the improvement of the pub- lic roads. All of the roads leading out of Raleigh have already been macadamized for about six miles, and the work is being pushed on to the great advant- age of the locality generally and to the enhancement of real estate values. It is only a matter of "time when the good roads will penetrate the entire county. This improved condition of our roads is due, mainly, to the genius and untiring industry of Mr. W. C. McMackin, Superintendent of Wake County Roads. The Good Roads Convention here last February re- sulted in still more active work. IMPORTANCE. Being the State capital, Raleigh is naturally the political centre of the State, and here are held innu- merable important meetings and conventions of all kinds. This fact brings considerable business of every description to the city, and occasions the presence of many strangers almost continually. This gives a somewhat cosmopolitan air to the place, and prevents any appearance of provinciality whatsoever. As the seat of the State government, here are to be seen the State buildings and institutions, including the State- 214 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. house, with surrounding park; the Governor's Man- sion, the State Agricultural Building, State Museum, containing as fine an exhibit of State products as can be found in any State of the Union. The Supreme CHARLES F. LU3ISDEN. City Tax Collector. Court building and State Library, with a large and valuable collection of books and manuscripts, is open free to visitors, and is a place of much interest. RALEIGH CITY GOVERNMENT. Raleigh enjoys the blessing of a good and wise city government. Her Board of Aldermen is presided HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 215 over by a Mayor whose zeal for the public good has won for him the sincere regard of all classes of our people. This officer is A. M. Powell, Esq. The Po- lice Department has for its chief Mr. J. H. Mullins. Mr. Powell was first elected in 1899. He met every expectation of his friends and the public in the dis- charge of his duties, and proved an efficient and faith- ful officer. Neither was any mistake made in electing him for a second term. His good common sense, well- known integrity and uprightness of character, have proven that the possession of these qualities in a judi- cial officer are quite as important in the administra- tion of justice as a knowledge of technical rules of legal procedure. Seldom do the guilty escape, and never do the innocent suffer, when he is in control of affairs. Mr. Mullins is also serving his second term as Chief of the Police Department, having been first elected in 1899. No man occupying a similar position in the State has filled the office with more credit to himself and his constituency than Mr. Mullins. Besides pos- sessing executive ability of a high order, his personal qualities are such as to have won for him the esteem and admiration of all. The city tax-collector is Mr. Chas. F. Lumsden. Karely does one find such a happy combination of per- sonal qualities and official ability as are possessed by this officer. This is evidenced by his continuance in office, for he is now filling his third term. Mr. Lums- den is a public-spirited citizen, and a man deeply in- terested in all that makes for his fellow-man's wel- fare ; he is a prominent member of the Masonic frater- nity. Odd Fellows, Eed Men, and is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Odd Fellows Orphan Home, besides occupying other positions of honor and trust. 216 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. RALEIGH S WELL-PAVED STREETS. Conspicuous among the acts of the city government during the hist few years was the issue of bonds for street improvements. This did more to start Ealeigh forward than anything else in her history. It opened up streets that were hitherto nothing but alleys, im- proved many of the main thoroughfares and enhanced the value of property all over the city. Those who remember Raleigh before the issue of those bonds can speak eloquently on the tremendous improvement wrought. There were two issues, the lirst of §50,000 on Octo- ber 1, 1897, at 5 per cent, and the second of |100,000 on July 1, 1899, at 4 per cent. Both these issues were to be redeemed in thirty years. The prices they brought speak of themselves for the citv's £crowth. The §50,000 issue brought §109,327, and the §100,000 issue §105,525. In 188^1 a §50,000 issue of 5's brought only §105.25, and an issue of 850,000 5's in 1890 brought only §103.50. Thus the §100,000 I's in 1899 brought more than the §100,000 5's in 1899 and 1890. As a result of these issues of bonds in 1897 and 1899, Ealeigh has now eight miles of paved and macadam- ized streets, and thirty-two miles of paved and curbed sidewalks. The material used on the sidewalks is brick, Belgian blocks and granolithic pavement. The streets for heavy traffic are paved with cobble stones and the rest with macadam. This movement originated, was agitated and suc- cessfully carried through, principally, by the energy and business ideas of Mr. John C. Drewry, for several years an Alderman and Chairman of the Street Com- mittee. No man who, without compensation, has ac- cepted the position of Alderman, has given Raleigh more valuable service than Mr. Drewry. He is no en- thusiast to spring sensational matters for considera- HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 217 tion, but liaving accepted tlie call of his constituents to serve the city as representative from his ward, he at once concentrated all his faculties and energies to in- augurate such improvements as would be i^ermanent. This he thought should be done in permanent street Avork, and to-da}^ our people are in the enjoyment of thoroughfares comparable with any in the ^outh, and the credit for which is very largely due to the wisdom, persistence and personal supervision of Mr. Drewry. In 1897 the city took up |10,000 of the funded debt bonds, sixes, and issued |25,000 current expense bonds, lives. These sold for |109.45. The 1898 more current expense bonds were issued to take the place of 125,000 fives floating debt bonds. These sold at par on the very day that war was declared Avith Spain. That speaks volumes for the city's credit. Under the circumstances it was rather remarkable that they could be sold at all. The amount of the sinking fund on hand March 1st was |10,51G. The next bonds due are funded debt bonds, 110,400, at per cent, on July 1, 1907. TWO SURE EVIDENCES. The two best evidences of a city's growing prosper- ity is to be found in its postoffice receipts and in the deposits in its banks. By this test Raleigh stands among the first cities of its population in the whole country. In 1898 the receipts at the Raleigh post- office were less than |30,000. For the year just closed (June 30) they have risen to over |15,000. In the matter of bank deposits the gain for 1902 over 1892, a period of ten years, was over one hundred per cent. Here is the statement of increase: Deposits in 1^02 |2,074,027 Deposits in 1892 1,105,011 15 218 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. This gain is a fair index of the entire growth of the business and manufacturing expansion of the city. Ten years ago the banks of Raleigh had Capital stock $440,000 Surplus and profits 04,709 Total capital and profits 534,709 Total deposits ten years ago 1,165,611 To-day : Capital stock 455,000 Surplus and profits 242.7<>2 Total capital and profits < 19 7, 762 Total deposits now 2,074.027 HISTORICAL KALEIGH. 219 HORACE B. GREASON. Mr. Greason has been a resident of Raleigh since 1890. He was born in Stuyvesant Falls, N. Y., in 1859. Later he removed with his parents to Cohoes, in the same State, where he worked to learn the busi- HORACE B. GREASOX, Superintendent Raleigh Cotton Mills. ness of cotton milling. After remaining at Cohoes for eighteen rears — nntil 1881 — he removed to Utica, N. Y., where he was engaged for several years Avith the Skenandoah IMills. It Avas there his duties enabled him to familiarize himself with every detail of the business, and in 1890 his proficiency in this industry occasioned tlie securins: of his services bv the Raleiii'li :2o HISTOlilCAL UALEKiH. Cotton Mills. Subsequently, when a vaeancy occurred in the position of Superintendent, Mr. Greason was ehosen, being the successful competitor over a large number of others, who were regarded as experts as well as himself. In 1881 he was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Grev, of Cohoes, N. Y. Mr. Grea- son is esteemed as one of our substantial citizens, and is popular with a wide circle of friends. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 221 OLIVIA RANEY LIBRARY. Soiiieoue has beautifully said: "Carve your uauie on hearts, and not on marble ; those who loved you and were helped by you will remember you when the mar- ble has crumbled and forget-me-nots have perished.'* To no one in the vast domain of our State could this sentiment be more tittiugly applied than to Richard Beverly Kaney, the donor of the Olivia Raney Library to the\vhite people of Raleigh, for the donation ex- ceeds in beneficence any before bestowed by anyone upon any community in our commonwealth. It was donated by Mr. Raney as a memoriam to his deceased wife, Olivia Cowper Raney, eldest daughter of the late Pulaski Cowper, of this city. The Library was chartered in 1899, and on Febru- ary 1, 1900, the site and building, together with nearly six thousand volumes of literature, were conveyed to the Olivia Raney Library corporation. The cost of this gift was over forty thousand dollars — "every available dollar," it was said, "of the owner's means." The building is of terra cotta brick, with tile roof, and includes^ besides the reading-rooms and book- stacks, parlors for gentlemen and ladies, smoking- room, trustees' rooms, librarians' rooms, drug store, music rooms, and one of the finest auditoriums in this section, the curtain being a fine painting of the Taj Mahal, in Agra, India. The running expenses of the Library are about two hundred dollars per month, of which sum the city ap- propriates one hundred dollars; the remainder is real- ized from the rents of the auditorium above and the stores underneath. The very efficient and obliging librarians are Missei5 Jennie H. Coffin and Theodora Marshall. 222 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. MALCUS W. PAGE. Malcus W. Page, the present Sheriff of Wake CoimtT, was born twelve miles north of Raleigh, Feb- ruary 18, 1836. His first public service for the county was as Register of Deeds, to which office he was ap- pointed in 1883 to fill the unexpired term of W. W. White. In 1884 he was elected to the same office. M. W. PAGE, Democratic nomiuee for Sheriff. which he filled during the term. He was elected to the office of Sheriff in 1890, and, with the exception of one term, has occupied the same continuously since. Few men could be mentioned of such efficiency and popularity in the discharge of their public duties as Malcus W. Page. On August 2, last, he was again honored with the nomination for the same office by the primaries, and this is equivalent to an election for an- other term. HISTORICAL KALEIGH. 223 RALEIGM TOBACCO MARKET. The tobacco market of Raleigh dates back to Sept. 26, 1884, when the Stronachs opened the old Pioneer Warehouse, at the corner of Wilmington and Davie streets, for the sale of leaf tobacco. Mr. Frank Stron- acli selling the first pound ever sold on the market. Subsequently, the Capital Tobacco Warehouse, at the corner of Davie and Blount streets, was erected by a stock company of enterprising citizens, and the first sale held on November 12th of the same year. To further meet the demands of this growing industry, Capt. Thos. L. Love at once commenced building, and soon completed his large warehouse, on the corner of Blood worth and Davie streets, which was leased to Messrs. Moore k Proctor, who opened it for business on the 23d of December, under the name of the Farm- ers Warehouse. Thus, with the Pioneer, Capital and Farmers warehouses our market developed rapidly. In the early days of 1885, Mr. Wm. C. Stronach con- tracted for the large and commodious warehouse on Wilmington, between Davie and Cabarrus streets. The opening sale was held on April 15, 1885, under the happiest auspices, with the largest quantities of the golden weed on the floors ever seen here. In September, 1885, Mr. Jos. E. Pogue moved his large manufacturing plant from Henderson to Ra- leigh, and has since been successfully engaged here in the manufacture of some of the most meritorious and popular brands of chewing tobacco ever put upon the market. During the following years, 1886 and 1887, Messrs. T. L. Love and ^L A. Parker each built large prize- houses, and Mr. Chas. L. Hervey, of Kinston, opened another plug factory. Soon afterward Mr. Phil. Tay- 224 HISTOKICAL KALEIGH. lor retired from the grocery Ijiisiuess here, and built a large and substantial plug tobacco factory at the corner of Cabarrus and Blount streets, thus giving Raleigh three tobacco warehouses and three tobacco factories. Mr. Jesse G. Ball about this time commenced the manufacture of smoking tobacco, having bought out Mr. A. li. Love. The business interests of IJaleigh re- ceived a great impetus from the tobacco business thus developed. At a later period Messrs. Latta & Myatt erected a large prize-house on Blount street, corner of Martin, and Messrs. Julius Lewis & Co. built the largest and best e(iuipped prize-house in the city, at the corner of Wilmington and Cabarrus streets, but which was un- fortunately consumed by fire in the spring of 1901. The Raleigh Leaf Tobacco Company was organized in January, 1902, with ample capital, and propose to build a large stemmery and re-drying establishment. They Avill handle the first year, perhaps, two millioTi pounds of to1)acc() for l)oth export and domestic trade. A large number of native operatives will be employed. Vigorous and concerted efforts are now being made by the progressive element of our city to put the to- bacco market on a higher plane of activity. A leading tobacconist says that if Raleigh had done her full duty during the last ten or twelve years, she would to-day be enjoying a ten-million-pound leaf market, and her population and trade practically doubled. It is evident, however, that Raleigh will in future prov(? true to herself and do her full duty by this important industry. At present the Capital Warehouse is being success- fully nmnaged by Messrs. Canady and Knott, two ex- perienced tobacconists, who recently came to Raleigh from Oxford. HISTORICAL RALEIGH. Z'liy The Farmers Warehouse is also beiug couducted by two most active and successful youug warehousemen, Messrs. Cheatham and Mitchell, formerly of Oxford. Mr. R. F. Knott, one of the leading leaf tobacco dealers in the State, has recently moved to Raleigh, and is a most important factor in the re-establishment of our tobacco industry. Mr. C. P. Sellers, formerly of Greensboro, has be- come the Raleigh representative of the American To- bacco Company, and is doing wonders for the Raleigh market. The Imperial Tobacco Company has signified its in- tention of placing a man on the Raleigh market, as well as other leading manufacturers in this country and abroad. The Raleigh market has taken on a new lease of life, and the best evidence of this fact is its large daily sales of the golden weed, the sales in one day during this season having been as much as eighty thousand pounds. 226 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. CAPT. JOSEPH J. BERNARD. Capt. Bernard is, in its broadest sense, a represent- ative man. He has been the incumbent of the office of Kegister of Deeds since February 1, l: 01, when he was appointed to fill the vacanc}^ occasioned by the death of W. H. Hood. No man who ever occupied this position has exhibited more skill and abilitv in CAPT. J. J. BERNARD, Democratic nominee for Register of Deeds. the discharge of his duties, or exercised more judg- ment in the convenient arrangement of his office, than has the present incumbent. Among the people of Wake this is common knowledge, as was evidenced by his recent victory at the primaries, and by his nomi- nation for this office for the ensuing term, on August 2, 1902. In 1885, Capt. Bernard was elected bookkeeper of the State Penitentiary, but in 1898 was displaced by HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 227 the Fusion Board under Governor Russell. Since 1S77 he has been a member of the State Guard, and at present is captain of the Raleigh Light Infantry. He is among the progressive, public-spirited young Demo- crats of his county, a man of high integrity, generous impulses and a most charitable disposition. His char- acter is without blemish. Capt. Bernard is a de- scendant of one of the oldest and most highly esteemed Wake county families, being a grandson of Rev. Wm. White, of St. Mary's Township, who, in his life- time, was a man of much infltience in his community. Messrs. W. H. Penny and W. H. Hood are Capt. Bernard's efficient and courteous clerks. Ii28 HISTORICAL liALEIGH. THE COTTON AND GROCERS' EXCHANGE. In 1874 the merchants here organized the Kaleigh Board of Trade, which a few years later grew into the Cotton and Grocers' Exchange. The object of this association was for the purpose of uniting the individual efforts of the cotton dealers and grocers of Raleigh, and fostering and maintaining Avhatever pertained to the advancement of Raleigh as a cotton market, and of Xorth Carolina as a cotton producing State. The efforts of the Exchange have been wisely direc- ted; the surrounding country has been benefitted as well as the city, and Raleigh has enjoyed for a gener- ation the reputation of being one of the best cotton markets in the State. The quality of cotton grown in this section has no superior in the upland section of the cotton belt. The system of weighing cotton at Raleigh is emi- nently just and fair to all parties; the County Com- missioners elect two of the weighers from among the farmers, and the Cotton and Grocers' Exchange re- commend one, and the County Commissioners elect him. The cotton is weighed on standard and well- tested scales by sworn and bonded cotton weighers, and by men whose integrity prompts, and whose oath and bond compel them, to give fair and impartial weights. Under this system but few complaints have arisen ; the buyer knows that he will get what he pays for, and the seller is convinced that justice will be done him. Mill owners generally recognize our weighers' certificates, and complaints from either side are rare. The Exchange has induced the railroad companies to establish conveniences for handling and shipping HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 229 c-ottou that give the market advantages over almost anv interior X-otton market in this section. Fin-merlv a large percentage of the cotton sold on this market was exported, but in recent years the es- tablishment of cotton mills at Raleigh and adjacent towns has enabled the farmers to sell their cotton here at very satisfactory prices to State mills. The Kaleigh Cotton and Grocers' Exchange will continue to do all in its power towards maintaining the highest prices for cotton, and it will always try to make Raleigh the leading interior cotton market of this section. Xo market has better facilities for stor- ing and handling cotton. It has large and commodi- ous warehouses, and ample funds may be secured from the banks for making advances on cotton stored. The buvers are prepared to give the highest price for anv number of bales that may be offered any day in the vear ; thev can handle to advantage every bale of cot- ton that may be hauled or shipped here. Our mer- chants are, and always have been, reasonable in their charo-es for handling cotton, and these charges are probablv less than those of any market where the same advantaVs are offered. Besides this, every grower of cotton has the privilege of selling his own cotton from the Avao'ons, thus avoiding any warehouse charges whatever. This custom does not prevail in the larger markets of the South. The cotton men here are among our most enterpris- inii' and energetic citizens, and have worked year in and year out to establish a market that would meet the demands of our cotton producers. 230 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. MR. HERBEKT E. NORRIS. Wake County ator is a young man in the ftill vigor Democratic nominee for State Sen- of robust man- hood, a sound thinker, and a ready and logical deba- ter, whose legal attainments have made him a promi- nent figure at the Raleigh Bar. His practical knowl- H. E. NORRIS, Dsmocratic nominee for Senate. edge of farming, his thorotigh understanding of the people's needs and wants, his acknowledged ability as a speaker upon the hustings, caused his many friends to urge him into the campaign for State Senator. With a number of aspirants already in the field, when Mr. Norris announced his candidacy all others with- drew, thus gracefully acknowledging him eminently equipped to represent the metropolitan district in th^ Senate. His unanimous nomination is but the guar- antee of his election. THE END. ! Slli ! 216 Fayetteville Street RALEIGH, N. C. A Best Laundr}' in the State. Everything guaranteed. Shirts, Collars and Cuffs a specialt\- J. K. MARSHALL, PROPRIETOR PHONE 87. Union Central Lik Insurance Company Is the Best Company in the World She is paying to people in North Car- olina larger Annual Cash Divi- dends than any other Compan3^ She has for over 30 years issued Modern Policies so much boasted of b}- other companies now just issuing them. We give a Double Life - Long Savings, in giving 3'ou the Lowest Rate and returning to 3'ou the Largest Cash Dividends. 5;. .^ Good Agents Wanted S> ?^ Address CARY J. HUNTER. *^ Superintendent Virginia and North Carolina^, *r* RALEIGH. N. C. Chartered in 1820 v€ -«, Assets $60,000,000 % I Jiztna Uh Insurance Company | I of fiartford. Conn. | A The Largest Company in the World Writing O^ $ Life, Accident and Health Insurance 5 I Eyery DesiroDie Form oi Life, flccideoi onfl Heoim insorance Policies issoefl. * Address S? i THe Company, or J. D. BOUSHALL, Manager, CLbe IRational Bank of IRalefdbt RALaiGH, N, C. % Capital Paid in, ^225,000 00 % Surplus and Undivided Profits, 100,000.00 H new Vault, Which is entirely fire-proof and burglar-proof, has been added, J the doors controlled by combination automatic and time locks. % f Safe Deposit Boxes of the very latest design, the convenience of which can not be ap- preciated until they are seen, and all are invited to see them. The renter of the box has the key, and no one can gain access to the contents of the box without the presence of the renter, and if he should lose his key, the finder could not gain access to the -f box, the contents of which can be known only to the renter. There is ample room in the boxes for the filing of deeds, valuable papei-s, wills, bonds, stocks, etc., and perfect security is obtained for very moderate cost. Directors : _^ Chas. H. Belvin, F. O. Moring, J. A. Briggs, r .Tos. B. Batchelor, C. M. Busbee, T. B. Crowder. |. Chas. E. Johxsox, W. W. Vass, Julius Lewis. J ii..Al..MililLli,i,'ll]l].i,nill^]li„.!llll) ■lilli.ii.,llllll:i..,!tl^]l.i..tlilll».illHllliiirlliij lOl lll!i rtillli lllL...,..lll!l.,„.iHlH dill Ulli lllillmillllllUnig & DANIEL ALLEN (H COo SHOE STORE Some of the rea- sons why we sell far more SHOES than any other Store in Raletgh are- RALEIGH. North Carolin^L. We sell at smaller profits. We select Better and Nobbier Styles. We sell nothing but Leather and guarantee ever}'^ pair. We wait on you courteously. We have the largest stock in the State to select from. We have nothing but New Shoes We buy more Shoes and conse- quently get them cheaper, hence we can sell them cheaper. It costs you nothing to see them. DANIEL ALLEN & CO. V V SHOE STORE v V «««€«e ■'4' f:^;::^^^^Wv :,,;■;,