1‘
.3 '
5; ‘
_, 4. 5 .
J2 ‘. '
W

2 N G EN} 0

CONTAINING

 
 

Matbeflzaticés, P/9)/ficé, Hz'fiory,P/oi/ology, and

other Arts and.Sc1cnces.  

-‘L?

{__.—-——\_._é:é

. I N
1\/Iifcellaneous Letters;
By 7; D E L A c 30 s E, Eccl. Angl. Presb.

A PR 1 L, 159;.  
in be contémm %ontI_flp‘o. .
  V 0 L 1.

Patermz éomz tempos: irzton-;’tz772fi15z't
Alierm, forwzm interim corpora :
Uwm omtem 'Z}Z.tc€‘P7‘£fi‘5l71.:'/5773 z'z4«:z:~tz'z9mJ/fr;/rm of}. 
' o H'i§JpI2TChUS.o

u____

___._

oLONfDON‘,“Printed for £5;  near Ema»-/onein Fzm./met.
And for 31. 138 rrésa at the H12:/row in the Poo/ire}. I 69 3.
oo‘«Where are ‘to be had the ‘R/Eerzwoiors for ::/to'1»*2Z4mj", Fo&'r;a./z;?},o gmd
Morckz

_/

Several Curious Obfervations in Ploilofopby,

'4
I

 -

 

~( I 0:) “V()h'1.iI». ’Num‘b.%4_2

 

4 A—-— L -——---—'n W‘
. F

 ‘Mfimolrs for the Ingenious.

 NEIL, 169;.  

-”   LETTER   XIV.
i  To %thei1flm‘/oorof thefe Memoirs.

._ <
A 4.-.'c“~““--~« -

ARGUMENT.

, Occaflon of this Letter. T he Author’: opinion, That Springs and 
Rivers owe their origin to the prefltre of the Atmofphere ap- 7?.‘

on thewaters of the Sea. Thatithe Atmofohere does flrong- e L

{y gravitate upon the Terraqueoas GZohe,prov’a’ hy fit-veral Ex; : 51
erimerztn Attraéifiorz or Sucking an ahfarcl Notiorzfl How I r

/alt Water comes to he made frefh. T hat Water freed from ’
theepreflfltre of the air will of it flelf rife perpem/icalarly, and

  1 pier'ceithrottgh the Pores of Sam! amt’ Gravel, prowl hy rear. 5;
A fions am] experiments.’ VI/hether it he true that Water will rife ii
A * no higher than its head or law! 9. How heitog got up almq//' to *1
the top of the Hills, it gets out again into the open air 9 Of’ 
ail:/org that fottrzd out aSalt Spriizg; , ‘   i i i T %’
  Reverem}lShiri,i'  '  ‘ F“ V
You give us a good account in your firfi Letter of the two 71
i ;L tmofi remarkable and genefmlly received opinions. concerning ,
3“ the ’<j>ri.,<:in of: Springs and Rivers. ~Ifhave. formerly [pent Tome ‘ W
‘:fof‘my leifixreihouhrs;-ion fuch‘_de1ighifu1fpeculations, a;n°di3atrti'culrahr1y   . 

f 77(3)n’-‘f1?iat'1‘ubT}’€((9Esflbut could. nexrer yet meettwich my folution that
‘A     V i P t  h  was

r

 

LI‘C‘C.f' _ ' _

tie} ®a:ttait§.fu;t tlja fiingmiotts.

was notattended with many impt‘OhabihtieS, and moi’: of them vuihthtt
Certamly. the fuhyeét 1s~ of that:

feemingly invincib1—e ditfitculties.
Dignity in its own nature,‘ and of that 1‘tf}pO1‘"tanC*€ to the conventi-

enceseeerfhumanet life, that it \—\7€nd€{C'1'\’€.‘S our ferious-—fiudy. a Ijeouldi

never app;-ova of }30fi.ti\’~'€_ af=i”e1’tieons in fuch-remote and di.fficghu1tgen-
equities‘, and am Very fenfth‘.-e how httle reaion Iahave to pretend to

i:.t5,, butahyettltthhak I fhould he irzjurious to_htruth,« if when it {eems~
. to appear mth ctmvruemg E‘\‘1d€'I‘.C€‘, I fhuuld yreld PO greater defe-

O

reuce to its diétates, than tomeer conteeture and fuppoiition; Sir,

Ihthe opportunity. Ca  your ~i-ggenious ctonvertfationy ltcemmeunicatedt;

to you in v;hat~matmer I apprehended [hiSg1‘€3t“\‘JO1"k<. of nature to
be €f¥€<5’i€‘d grand though you dtdteuotrptelently acquxefce wtth:me«,yet:

tuptmfurvther debate you were pleafed to judge fo fav=ou.rahly«:, as I0

I

defire me to puhhfh my nation Ofif, etfpeflciadyt forthat it is not
T meerly argutuentateive, but grounded uponatatmhar and phvaous ex-
1 comply with your requefl the rather; for**'that’~I have»-

pettments.

obfervede-we often happen at lafie to meet With truth, by enquiringt

for it where it was not..

My apprehe.nfionuthen’is-,‘t That the  is-the material caufe of?

‘Springs, and‘ that the gravitation or ap.1tefi"ure*of‘hthe Aetmofph-eret1p—
on the vaft. furface and body ofithfie Seas and Waters round the ter-
refiria17G1u,be, is the eflicientcauite

'CO’11‘lp1‘€fi,.aDd as it were fqueezed together by the wterightand prefé

fureof the. Air uponthem, that in what part foever they can be

freed, or hutfdmethingeeafed=‘oE'etehis~uveightr and i force -which keeps
them down, the Water wrll of itfelf nfettoa very‘greatheight; and

eeonfeq.uent1y« that /the Seat infinuratiug ‘and wt>rk’1dng,*itfe1f into the,»
e vaflecavrties ofthe Earth’, andfheing »there\ by theeclofe texture orr

cruft of the furface, fheltred ’a'nd.*de«fegnded in avgreat meafure fi‘0rn..

the preffure Of"ii'1CUYl11‘5€'flt: Air, it did’21t"fi1‘& by degrees zcreep u[3,«t_u
‘worhtus way, and raxfe ntfeifeven tot thetops 0f’the- high hills,

t.1rough‘th’"e«~ veins\»tand;:. fpaces» oft the-earth,“ and alfo «through the

gravel, (and, 'I and loafer earth, which it met with in its way, .th"ou.gha.

thjereetwere there noefenfihle veinseorv clef-ts tO‘*f3‘V0uf its pafTage.,
Tihatherng there encteafed to great quantit1es,. it d'id’fpreatd and di--«

V late itfellf through the body, and to-the:r»fides»o€r the h"i—}:ls», and ha-

h'S’_i’fl=g. achquiried great {’tr_eug.th by witis-‘bu1'k and -itmatea gravity,‘ . «it often:
found nut, and“{0metttmehset—remade GCC11VOUS° pa~fi"a«ges»»down <throu_,gh 

« me furfaee into the openttaireag-a,in ;~ and fo man;'SpIrings~meeting

tjogetheart, a formed {mallet Streams; , and m.auy_ Streams uieyning, made

greafi ;:‘

_ :r or to ufe more familiar terrns,.
fince thefe Letters are defigned futthe~~gen—er'a1ity: of Re-aders, tlacon,
t tceive the» Seas round our~G1bb‘e are every. where {o forciblyt

. 1" .—-an cw. _

:m:::v;-.:.~.-..a.._.u k7‘ .a:-«—..

:1»

at d» April, 16 i “ 

7€reat'Rivers, Which_defcending in their chapels ‘through the slower
Earth, eturn aga1ntnto'the Sea. And by this communtieation gmcl

perpetual, motion, neitherthe l?i_ivers»come to be emptied, nor the

i’Seato be over filled.

, I have been fomethiug the more prolix in this defcription, as def;
tring to be fully underliood by every one; and hope on the otherhand,

I may obtain of the Reader this moderate requellt, ‘ that hewould
fulpend his cenfere till he is come to the end of this lhort Difiertati-

on; fince neither the limits of a Letter, nor, as I hope, the perfpi-

-cuity of the ifubject will admit of being tedious. To proceed with
fome method hereinl thmkit pertinent to prove, I. F hat the at- s

mofphere or air doth Prrongly gravitate or prefs upon our Globe of

i earth and water. 2. Thatwhenever the {ea or water is freed from

this—prefl'ure of the air, it will of itfelf immedittely rife perpendi-
cularly in tubes or pipes, and even pierce through porous b()Cll€/9.,
‘and thro gravel, (and, and the loofer earth; in the evincing where-
of I {hall chufe to make ufe of the more Familiar and obvious e§tpe-
riments,as carrying with them a more plain and fatisfaiftory evidence

t and alfo for that they fiuit Philofophers of our Ration better than

jthofe more remote and curious ones-, which as they are fartliet
fetched, to they are dearer bought. i i
As to the fit.fl,"t3l{€a piece of board pltined even and   mztde Va.
ry fmooth, lay it horizontally upon a {mouth and even table, fo
that the board and table may exaéily touch, efpecially in the extre~
mities of the board, that the air may not come between. i I fay you

” {hallpffrceive the air to prels ft)‘ hard upon the board, and keep it

[down To forcibly, that you will find it dithcult to pull it perpendi-
cularly up from the table : And this will appear yet plainer, if in,-

{iead of a piece of board, which, tho never fo carefully plained and
fmoothed, Wlll fitll be rugged and porous, you take two pieces of

4 fine glafs evenly ground and well polilhed, and place the two polilhs
ed {ides together horizontally, the air will prefs fo much upon the .

upperunoli g,la’fs that you can hardly takeit up perpendicularly from
the lowerwithout danger of breaking, and you will he forced‘ to
flide it off, that you may let in the air underneath to your allifiance.
Now there is to be no moiliure not glutinous fubfiance between the
board and table, or the glaffes; what then can be imagined £3 to
hinder the lifting upthe uppermoli,/but the Weight of the air upon
it? ‘indeed if you raifeone corner, and thereby ‘let -in the air be—
tween, asl before intimated, that, by its elailcic Orfpringingt1a—

ture, beinf‘gitielfve1'y much cornp-reiled, willthelpup -the boardi or

tglafs‘& [0 that retry the €'X;5€rim€nt truiy, care mutt betaltento lift
~ r 2 up

 

 

.104. aezmntce fat the Zlngzniottes

up the whole peice perpendicularly. And what elfe keeps up the
water or Quicltiilver in the pipe of the VVeather-glafs, but the»

xveightand prellure of the air upon that part of the water orQuiclt”-

filter which fiagnates in thebox wherein the mouth ofthe pipe is:

dipped? /-‘inc’. may we not perceive the air to gravitate even upon
our own heads and body? for with all the fhength we have we can
ieapj up but a very {mall height into the air, but can leap Forward
fix times the diliance, and wi.th more eaf°: a pail full of water

irnmerfed inthe water is eafily clrawn up till it come to the top,  
e and meetsthe air-, the prefiure of the air b,€lflg._Cl’li€flY,.{J€I?D€fl(i1CUl€iI‘.

But lefi Ifhould feem to trifle in a matter lb generaliy~l<n‘own its.

this age, -I {hall not multiply inftances hut proceedto the prooftof;
. the fettond a{l‘ert»ion that the water, when freed from the preflure of S‘
the air upon it, will of it {elf rife perpendicularly, and even make

its Way thro gravel, (and, and the lighter earth, the truthof which
will readily appearyrf we do but confider our ufual and familiar expe-

riments with the leaPc attention 5 for, do but take notice how water
-comes up into a Syringe; we dip the mouth of the Syringe into the
water, whereby that part of the water-which is drreéily under the

mouth isdefended from the pr'e{h1re of the air, except only of that
little contained in the {mall pipe of the Syringe: then we draw up
the eméo/arm or handle whereby that little air is dilated,‘ and room
made for the water to rife, which therenponiimmediately fprings up

and fills the body of the Syringe, efcaping as it were from its Prifon,

whereto the prelfure of the air had confitfd it.

 It may be fome_Per,fons who do not trouble »th_.etnl'elves much to»

examin the true meaning of words, will. be apt to lay, theiwater
doth not rife of it felf, but is fucked up-by the pulling out the handle.
For an{wer'I fay, here is no fiich operation in nature, as fucking in
the fenfe here tiled, and the word itfell-“is not uncler{iood,and only a

refuge forignorance, fuch as occult qualities, plafiic virtues, antipa-

thies and the like-, for what innit this {notion be, but drawing? and
how can any thing be drawn , Un~l€{S'i£b€ lard hold of mediately, or
immediately P and what hold can be laid on water, orwhat fucking

,vi.rtue, if any fuch there were, is the handle indued with P
But left tlli-S fucking notion {hould not eafily A out ofthe head of.

fome, perhaps out of refpetft to the ltindnefs they apprehend",..it for-
merly did them, I lhal.l pate to another very obvious experiment,
not at all liable to this fancy, Fill a Bafon half full of water, lay a
Linnten, or rather Woollen, rag, or {lip of Flannel, fo that one end
may dipin the water, and the other end hang over the brims of the

Bafon-, the experiment will be the 1”-aoner performed, if youfirft V

W51

 

wetthe clothgtandt wringit, you {hall in (hot: time perceive the
watlerinthe hafon to Creep up through the pores, or vacant {paces
ofthe cloath, and to get over the brims of the bafon, as it were the
top offa hill, and defcencl through the other part of the cloath which
hangs over.» and if that endharig fomething lower than the end
which is in the water, all the water in the baton, to far as the cloath
is dipped into it, will rife over the hrims, and run out through the
cloath upon the floor. And the like would happen to the Sea, if the

iRi,versdid not run‘ into it to fill it again. it , _ L .
And even if you diptthe oneend of a Sponge, or ofa piece of ,

new Bread into’ the water, the water will iofenlibly rife upthroogh
the pores 5 or take, a glafs tuheor pipe with only one orifice, {och
as is tried in Barometerst, you cannot ealily get out the air ittclofed in
its but,iF_youheat‘it, part of the air willbe thereby expelled, and
the relfl, lo dilated orrarefied, that a fmallzi portion will fttfhcetto fill
the cavity of the pipe. , Then’ dip the orifice in tvater, and as; the
pipe coolsi, and thereby the dilated air corpeslto be again *c>o‘ndenied*,
and to take up lels room, the Water will mount up in propo4rtion'to'
the degree ofheat and length of the pipe. V 7   
, Orputa piece of flimitig paper intoa drinking gl-al"s,,and inverts
the glafs \{!.;’it'l] the lighted paper therein upon fuch 3'Aquam‘i+ty,:o*fe iital
terin abal"on_as the glafs will hold, gtltiekeatereii*iclliipl',e1fent,l3g r'*ir‘l"ei3’p
into the glafs, the -lighted paper lraviilng eriperlled 35nd'«e3<tte2—mly1b’3ri-,,
fled the air that was inthe glal§, and thereby freed the afcendi*ng"y‘x*a‘+-
terafrom its)Pi‘eli"u‘re.« "   r    V “ l  i ’ *
We know that Seamerr in long Voyages, pwhene they hate in whet
of frelh water, do often, dig ,holes_ in * thefarid‘ neat‘t‘~t‘lte Se'7a;?jl5and

there nfiiallyfind waiter;tol_era’hl;yl jfre{l1.i’tjiT‘ltey hayel alliétajteigihgirehli. _

ous way to facilitate it,‘ they take two‘ 'i:HO§§il1€:3_.'tiS§‘ "iitlre‘
{ides fullof holes with a brmletl, fettmg them tonetupon*th"ea othetf

in the holeethey have digged in the Sand, they w1ll'lfi‘rld infa’ fhlglrtsi a
time, or left, 3 good quantityof water in tlieHoglheads’.i which is to
percolated or {harried through the {and and holes into the Veflels, ,

and the fur,the,r,they remo?tfe1;ft_o_1n the Sea, the 'f1‘€?'l'li(3__f:ti1€y'iiIlCl the
water, but it may be theg‘le‘{ier’quantity, L ’ L S   it “  
And here you may Eéii§€»;"’flOtiCt.’ how the

made frelh. .(%2z'z.) by being {trained tl1l‘O'"tl3€3 line Sand ‘and Gravel‘,

whereby‘ the grofs feline particles are l~:ep.t baclt-, andrmuc‘l1ici.more i

when inllead of a {mall diflance from the Sea, the water is forced

thro Co long a paflhge, and fomany difFer‘ent forts of ‘earth, even to

» the tops of V high Hills, far remote from the gSeas."[For rbehdes the

percolation, thegtols particles of Salt are hear'y,_ and not taptvto

‘afcehd ;

l”alt water Pcorhes tobe r

I
4__

 

 : 7‘ :7‘ 47

71676

3,
'2
r

  QBBIKIDIEE fat the iugtniotta,

aicetid with the purer and lighter water .- neither indeedis it judger;-i
tnatthe Sea is in {altar bottom, for the continual agitation of the
inrhice catching asit were, and wrapping up the heat and beatms of

‘ the Sun together with the nitrous hair, a. great part of its faltnefi is

(1) am. of

Lea rniug,
pg 58.

thereby generated towards the top. And wehave very credible
relations that in many Seas frelh water is drawn up from the bot-
tom, the art whereof COXi{iiiSCl1l€flY__ifl the Engines being made to
open and that in due time. .

Add to this the (a) experiments which aiiure,.us,That the Sea is
colder at the bottom, and therefore lehj falt, and appears fo even to
the tafie-, which laiiobfervationl delire may be t3.l<€n notice of’,
in anfwer to the Carzeflam opinion, who hold that the central fire in
the earth, left there, I luppofe, ever lince our Globe was a Sun,
doth by its heat drive ttp.eXhalations out of theSea throlthe Hills,

lfulficientfor a continual lupply to the Rivers. But, it feerns it is

in fuch haiie, that it doth not fiay‘tto»y“vat‘m the bottom of the Sea
in its way. I\iow it is generally held , that there are above a
Thoufancl‘ great RlV€l‘S which continually empty fuch v«al’t quantities

- of water into the Sea, that in 74 hours time it fo receives the quan-

tityof half its whole bulk; andtwhat caverns will fufice to con-;

  taint fuch quantities of Exhalations?

_ But I7fea.r ldeferve to be pounded forf{’traying Co fat. I {hall on?
ly add'one experirnentato come to a tciofer proof ‘of’ this afiertion;
Fill a long glafs pipe of Whatdiameter you pleafe, with fine ‘gravel
or (and, tie a piece of thin Lawn or hair Sieve about one end, fo as
ro_keep;the fand from falling out, dip that end into the ,v,vater.per-
pengclicularly, if you pleafe, ivsourttaill End the water‘ will work its
wayilu-p through the fand, and in time afcend even to the top of the
pipes.-. now, pray can any afiertion be proved more literally true?
’,AI.istbut{11,p,pofilng this tube fb filled [withifand to be a mountain, as
many-fuch pipes full of iancl will make one; and why lhould not
the water be admired as well to rife through the land, gravel, veins,
{paces and cleits ofa hill, as we,fee it does thro the .grav;e.l,fand,and
vacuitiesin a glafs tube? The conveniences for its afcent are jrntmh‘
more in hills, than in thegpipeg and the preiiure of tliejfiltmofphere
lartggreater on rtheglobous furface or the feas,ithan upon the ievel
furface, of the it met in the bafon, as may eafily be Ci‘€i11OI]iirat€Cl':;
For the fides of the bafon keep off that fort of pt‘eiTure, which the
tiling globe ofrthe {ea is onall {ides expofed to : and this iprelhare
on the globe beingin direétlines towards’ the center, and con:fe-
quently joyning clofer at fomegdiftance belowgthfi’.fuper'ficies of the
tea, they caufe a far greater ‘pt'efiure towards the bottom of the “tea.

a ter,

fi"'i""‘:"I
 1. - A ~

l April, 1693.   I07”
ter; not unliltethe Sun beams, which pafling tli1.‘0Ugl1 a convex.
glafs,’ and uniting towards the foam, they become Io firong, and aét
with Foch velternence as to let tlilt1gS'Oflfii€‘,Wl1lCll bfiforff lliffi’ Could
hardly warm. Add to this the innate gravitation of the huge 'lD.lill{.“O;f
the Sea it felfitherextraordinary Force of‘ winds and tempelis upon it,
the great weight and preflii-re of the flowing tides continually rowling
down, and the reflexion of the Sun beams from the Moonsthe rapid
and in etfeét contrary motion of the earth with Wlilcli the vi ater cannot
keep pace-, the perpetual agitation and force which the Sea lies un-
der, nothing of w.:rich?is torhe found in the water contained in the
Baton. Sothat vtltoever {hall go about to compute the degrees of
the p‘refl"ure upon the Sea in its natural fituatiou, and to calculate the
effeéts thereof by Wliat he may fee in the extravafated water in our
littleBafon,mu{i needsbe muchoutrin his tecltoning; for molt certain-
ly the greater the prethuefis, the more forcible and higher the water

will‘tife, vxhentfreediifrom it; notunlikeito the water brought in a

great pipes or trees, which the higher the hafon or refewer is,7from
whence the pipes come, i the liiiglrer [l‘,€ water will rife in them. ,

As for that niilitndetfiood tule,that vtater willrife no higher than
its head or level, that istobe tirrclerftood, vyhen the water lies open
to the air at-hoth ends, vrhich isno wonder, for theirthc'air hath an

f_   equal power upon hoth ends,and doth keep them both down alike. Brut

vtl, twe contend for happens only when7=ion—ei endris freed from the

1! prefl'ure of theairig neither indeed will it feem matter of great ‘admi-

ration, if this principle be well conlidered. For if two Scales be
kept even vtith apound weight ineach of them, and you take half
a~poun,d,outof one Stale, muli not that rife? And if you take “out.
the Vvhol’e"pound,t‘n’tifi it not rife with the ~gretat:et' force  And not'.tr:»

  that there is an &qtti,l‘ihrium in vvater and liquid bodies. is fU:l’flCl€"ntly

known, the doftrine ttliereof is, it may he,=one of the mofl curious

'and_r1leful -parts of the Co-rpufcnlarian Philolophyl and which de-

pends upon, and is ultimately r*et"c>/lvahle into our principles. And I,

"doubt notbut thefe .oh{erva-tions will be anfwers to fome oihjeé§itious\>

vthich’rnay,feem tohe of moment. 4 ; q g s, a L '  
Icould add fe"ver*ail othe-t—argumentts, as ohfervations on the mo-

* ‘tion of Liquors in’Syphon‘s, and divers other experirnieants: hot none, K

Iconfefs, that, in my -apprehenfion, gives a plainer den‘iott[h'ation
of the matterri-n quefiiott-tehan this lail. So that I (hall proceeda
little farther to explain: another patter" this Hyp,othe{is, how th€l€'
waters beingr—‘tth-usgot up almoll to the«~top of the Hills, do gettout
into the open air?*: Ieonceive thisrmayt happens teveral wayzsi. . L "Flier
ftequent rains and t. n”;€lt€(lL fnowttnayr f’tDf‘{C‘.[i.‘2if-1Cl'.pfnftriiie the riii'{;iC€; ;
ano.~f

._«'
_ -_ K-:.r..4_:>r.~.~.. 

that tnay have been .co.mrnitted by your affeétieouate Servant,‘

I 0'8 ‘ aunnnita tn; the ingenious.

and loofen the earth-, and in open veins and pafiages for tlietincloied

, '5

water to get out; and iiltevrile lo.ng-droughtsqcaufing ‘the ground to

chap and open vetydeep, tnzty prochi;:.e the fame efietft. :2. w.TreeS

and woods with their roots pierce into, and open the earth, 3; Earth-   l

quakes often’ lhalte andiend hills in fuch manner, that, as very cre-
dible Authors relate, Rivers have guihed out -at the vafl overtures,

and continued running. 4. Menu lahourand even Beafis may fon:-e-  
; times occafion it. Yougive use, Sir, a very furpmzing relation of

your Country-than who can find out Springs by his divining Wand;

  and “I haveread ta‘ divertive fi‘0_ry_ to this purpofei, That 21 Conn-
" try-mans I-log near Lumen./mg having turned up the g1‘O§:!‘~.‘1d about
him, and continuing {iill to root For fomething he frnelt there, at e
{alt Spring fiiddenly broke out in the place, and quickly filledthe L
. hole he had made : The Hog, as is yufual rwiththofe creatures, laid

himfelf down in it, but thelSpring_fiill increafing abouthim, he did

rrnotlike hisibed, and rofe out well lfoakled inthet brine: The Sun

{hining hot quickly dryed a good part of‘it,%fo“that the "white parti~
cles of Salt hung thick and lhining upon the Hogs briiiles and hair,

and were very difcernable 5 the Country-man happening to  hisi
Hog in that condition,.and quickly perceiving that it was good Salt
t that hungupon him, he found out the hole and the. Spring, and 215- A
.:.=tierwa»‘rlds1digging for the convehiency of that, feveral other. {alt
iSprings were found outnear thereto. J By that S3.lC".,tl'3de the Ciityt

became populous and rich 5 and in memory ofrhe‘accident the Hog
was falted, and cut into quarters, and hung up in the Town-hall,
where it yet remains fodryed away that it feems to b_e_littlemore

'_.[h3;nV;_'t'l1€SkllT. r t t

And thus having-—co_ndu6ied c:urtS’ea7yvaterthroughitheihiilllsiinto

(the charnnelspf great rivers, we (hall, leaye ittorunffecurely, Ihope,
-j,into the Sea aga«in.;. .I_did intend to: have added fome reafonsf why

’thlS opinion feeined fo plaufihie to me, and. whatl judged molt un-
_ H cc‘onnta,hle,in other hypothefes, and to have {fated and anfwered
4, home obiaecffrionsa which I atpprehendnnay be raifed; tho I can think
tn” none which I judge may not be very fatisfactorily anfwered, and
v;,..fcig£’i‘ii1l3Z which- I; have not herein .i made fome Conliderahle-proviiion.
\t:’But-I fear:th,e pi'efTure;of the .atI1‘iOlApl1€l‘€ has«all‘o raifedlmyl Letter

beyond its due limits. I (hall conclude with this requePt,That if you

\ think fit to publiih this alrnolt extetnporary di:"court"e,yot1 will pleafe
‘ to have an;Eyjei to the Ermm’s of the Prels, wherein your Printer is

fotnetliing remiifs  and with;,_your a’ccui’tomed- candoiuri’extu{e thofe
C. 3‘

zipril 9. 93. LE 

 

l7Apri1, 16 9;. l a   to

7

LE 1‘ T E R XV.
‘To my tuezy goon’ Friena’ Mr.  

ARGUMENE

tACor2firmatio;z of the foregoing Hypothefis, coticerwirzg, the Orin
gin of Springs. A22 accotmt of Gravity: 7 hat it '2'; natural to

e B0ta’i'é’_5, am! a plain corflgaeace of their impehetrahiligz. T h at
  afl Boiiies lie heavy ripen each otherfhat this -heatviaefi impartit
.a refzilihearperpem/ictilar Motion. Why prqjefied Bot/ies do

' not fall into the Sim,  it he the Ce;/zter of the World 9 Why

.. they return to the Earth, and why their /Jotihzt is acceieratea’
 in a Geometrical proportion in their Defeeat .9 Whether thefi
Phaerzomena may he explained hy,/appoflng an attrac°t'ivePower
in the Center of the Sim amt! Planets. That the Air and
e To/Vater gravitate ox their own Elements, Why we [/0 not feel
i the ,pre,[/Eire of the Air, nor Divers that  the Water? a

Honour-ea’ Sir,

 Look upon your Letter of ‘the 9”‘ of this month, as one of the

greatefi favors you have beliowed upon me: fotmany ingenious
men who might enrich thefe Memoirs, and the Commonwealth of
Learning with very fine notions and ufeful difcoveries, hut excufe
themfelves with pretended cl'il’tra&ions and bufinefs, may learn by
your example, That there are hone fo great, but a ‘generous ininci,

may go through them. and find {till fome leifure hours to {pend in

Philofophical fpeculations. _ ,
I am wholly perfwaded of the truth of your I-Iypothefis,That the
rifing of the water above its head or level is hindred by the preffure

of the Atmofphere 5 and that whenfoever it is freed from that con—— i

firaint,’ as it happens in fubterraneous Chanels, titmouft neceffariliy

1%! at firntairs fnztijz flnganionei

,,rife'iaho=ve the ground, which is heavier than it, efpecially after it has
‘ been cleanfed from its {alt and other grols and tefrellflal 13'E‘eT|71Cl€Sa

which it leaves among the fands. Befides that we may conceive
thefe Chanels very narrow, fo that the filtrated water cannot flag.»

nate there, being {iill prelied forward by other water coming from?

the Sea.

1 do not well fee what can be objected againlii fo plain an acconnt,«

confirtnd by fo rnanyand eafy experiments, unlefs ittbe thatconn-

nnon prejudice, that bodies do not gravitate in their proper places,

as air in the/Atmofphere, water in the Sea and Rivers, (‘tones upon
the grouncl\,r\t"9»c. W hence they will be apt to infer, that it’s not the
preilhre of the Atmofphere, that keeps water from rifing; but that
it is a natural‘ property of that Element, that it cannot rite above its

head or level, as appears, addthey, in the infiance of Syphonse

Ileave you to refolve that infiance, as Well as the other objecti-
ons, that may be made again.-(‘t yonrflypothefis, which Ido not
doubt butyou will fuccesfully perform. 1 take only for my prefent
task to examin, Whether bodies doinot gravitate in their proper

places? which tho it be an opinion generally receiv’d, and enter- "

.  (:2) Pr-in. tain’d even by the great Deflvzrtex (a), yet I hope I {hall demon.-

B14. 71- 35* (irate it to be a meet prejudice, and a falfe notion.

This will ingage me into one of the moi’: difficult difcuffions in
Phyfics, via. to inquire into the nature of gravity; which fo many
Bhilofophers have hitherto attempted in vain, for I never met with:

any judicious and thinking Perfon, that was wholly fatisfied with:

any of the Hypothefes either of the ancients orof; the nioderns; {o
that one of the greateit Mathematicians and Pjhilofophersiof this
age toldme once, That there were bodies which had a propenfity to
nnite together; and others on the contrary to fly from one another :
and this was-all‘we might hope to know concerning their nature. \V

It would then be lofs of time to propofe and confute all thole

opiniongsthat are difi"erent from mine ;_g men of their Abettors be-
ing Fenlrhle themfelves,.'17hat their conjectures have no certain foun-

dation. Andtherefore I {hali etndeavonr tolay a furer   ground,Fand*'
to take no borrowd notion for the main prop’ of my Hypothefis,.,

but only natural I5dea’s anddaily experiments. .

II. Mdtteiszairzcampoamduqf‘ /Swami particle: flag/iflz';¢g ‘independently 
each other: For mattercan be, and IS‘-‘Oil divided into finch particles

but if matter was eflentially one,.,,it-“coulVcl“not.be divided, and there-
fore matter 15 a Compotmd, err. A
  1. T/7e,fir.~"fl éodie: or particle: that enter into the compo/ition of matters

t areetqf an zanimngjndéle fpmllaefx,   '1Thiss appears bytheinctedible ex-
tenfion,

T able

April, 1693.   ""311
tenfion of Gold, the eflluviums of bodies, the use ‘corpufcles that
malte up the blood, Nerves, and other Organs of little Animals, 6%»

3. T/Jc/e particles are  a’iffere;~2t bulk and figzxre, or at /waft’ tiacame /2'2
3% their wzriom complzbatiom. ‘    
- 4. Thcfia particles are £;2é,5e;4etrzzE7e, fl2[i.d mm’ tzmzétive. ll/lEitt“E:l‘ is int
penetrable and unaétive, but the whole is of the fame nature Wltll
its parts : and therefore the firft parts, or leait particles of matter are
impenetrable and unaétive. As to folidiry, it has been proved elfe-
where (4) that the leait particles of matter were indued with it: and
it cannot be deny’d, unlefs we lhould admit a real infinity‘ of parts 2‘? 9’ 5%.?
atftually divided from one another, in the leait corpufcle itttagitt "’
5'. Wbzztfoezzer :35 éazlk), impenemzéle and zzmélit/e, 22: }.2eaa;?. Experia
enceteaches us, That the weight of bodies incteafes in proportion
to their bulk and impenetrability. A Pound of Gold is bigger and
heavier than an Ounce; and a certain quantitv or rnafs of that me.»
tal is lefs porous, and alfo heavier than an equal quantity of Tin, that
has more pores in it. As to unacftivity, Tho the figuteand inward
conftitutionof compound bodies may render them more or leis
proper for motion; yet we fee that, all other things being equal,
bodies are the more unaétive and ponderous, as they are more
bulky and impenetrable, or have more matter and fewer pores in
them. a p
6; 14 lama} dad} cannot remain in t/ye place where it is, male 5 it the under-
prop!’ 5; other éodiet. For if it could, then it would have fome force
to keep up itfelf, and therefore would not be unaétive. And as a.
man mutt have force and life to {land up right, and much more to
refi{’t the Tide, orthe Current of a River; to bodies preiiing down
ea<%:hother, if one of them could witliitand that preflure, "without 4.
being underpropt by others,it would have more force in itfelfalone, t 1
than that huge part of the Syflem of the?/Vorld that fhould lie upon it. N
Then, you will fay, it is no natural heavlnefs that carries bodies a
down, but the gravitation of others upon them. Iax1l‘wer,tTlaar
this gravitationis a partial, but nota. total caufe of their fall. For
if there be no natural gravity, what is it that preiles dtwxn to the
center, the bodies that lie round about the utmoit bounds of this
world ? It's undoubtedly the fame caufe that carries down Quit};-
filver, in the Tb:-rice//ian Tithe, w here there is no lenfib§le»a;ir to prefs
upon it, via. The natural unaétivity of matter, that maltes it the
more unableto keep up itfelf, as it is more compact and bulky. And
thereforep i  

‘Q 2. i 7. 

mtmoitefoz. t1j_BEt1gt11iUu§:

I 1-2

7. All iéodier be beat») one upon another 3 for a body’ having no 'fl‘Ol‘G8 "

' to keep up itfelf, by the fifth and fixth propofitions, it mufi be held

_up by others; and if it be

ltially heavy and unaciive, as well as imphnetrabl-e, and 'confequ_em...t.

upon them.
Here you havea plain re

Atoms, or to the prellore ofthe fubtil matter... For tho thelealt
particles of matter befolid, yet it _wonl
them (El-lg.-‘tlfiiillj-/» rodi.vtltble. The {hbtrl matter of Defmrrempenetra.

ting all bo«:lies,. and being in a perpetual motion, will rather ferve to ~

facilitate their divifion, than to caule‘ their folitlity. And tho’ the
prellure ofthe air may be a partial°caul"e ofthis qualit i
of heavinefs -,,.yet it appears that it is neither. the total, not even
the primary cattle of it. For if you put a piece ofgolcl, or any

other folid body, in Mr. Z>’o,~«le’s Engine, and then pump out the_air:, 

that body will notbecome the_more fluid, nor the lighter forit,
But fuppofing the fitficonftrtuent particles of matter to=“be'eflEn~

iv to lie heavy oneupon another in» compound" bodi‘es,., proporti-

onably totheit bulk, the number of their pores, and the quantity of a
matter that is in .'tl7€f{1.,5 it follows that they muflhe folid and refill s

their divilion, accor'din}g. to. the degrees of their heavinefs, or as

‘they more or lefs‘ cornprefs one another by their own weight. Thus

the particles»-of Gold, and Marble being fpppofed heavy, having lefsx.

pores or vacuities interfpers’d amoogl?ti’em,and,touching one another

4 in molt-of the parts oftheirfuperficies ;Gold and M;arble mull needs

~  'Pr‘z'72c.
M,z,:b.- 1’. 3 .
pt‘I0p.,-, 2 O;
-C  Tr. de
la, pef. p,

I 54., 

1%.,

be heavier and more foli_d than Lead anc_l‘_comrnon Stones.-Q As
to hardnefs, in as much as it drfiers from folrdrty, It has ICS particu-

lar caufe, am. the reéfitude of the l1Eil‘Cl'bO{lY., Thus Copper and ~r
Steelare harder,butnot'fo folid and”full’ of matter, as Gold and l

Silver are. e

8. In 4 ‘Circle’ or..S}b'kere, the Center a3='rec}@aa’d t/Je [owe/3 plaice, and‘,-a/1:5; .
flmzg/at Line: dmnmffam the Circumference torke Center are eqzm/, zzrrdgi;

we /bortefl rim. ma ée» dmnm. Thence it..comes_ that a body moving
perpetndicularly, when defiitute of its prop, is laid tohave a-ten,
tlency to the center '; becaufe on what" place foever of‘the,glo,bou,s

fuperficies it may fall,.aIlraight linemay- thence-be dratvn to the »

cente1°,,,eq.ual_/to my other line drawn from any other part of the,
fame cit'cum{erence to the fatdcenter. I However this is not, ex:

aéily true, ifiwe believe what has been tlemonliratedroflate by two «

famous Mathematicians, Mf*“.Néw:an (22) and Hujgenx ( 5),, that the
Earth is higher at the .tEgL;‘ator, than _ac._the,P.0lest:e for,l1ow little to‘.

ESZCR’ -.2

heldaup by others, thenit tnulllye, heavy «

‘ afon of the fbliclity of b0di€s,.withOutt
having recootle to the irzdivilibtlrtv and mutual complication of l

d be a hard task to prove a

y, as wellas ,

 
   

, April,‘ _' 1 69 3, L I 3 3   »
‘ezver--aglobe differs from the fpliericalfigm, the lines dra.wn.. from 1
the center to the circumference are no longer equal. e
t , But here arife two greater difiiculties. I. The Sun being molt
rprobablyaccounted the center of the world, and natural gravity
Carrying bodies to the center, a body cait up in the air ought to fall
into the Sun, and not to return upon the Earth. 2. Nitural gravi~: ,
tybeing an uniform caufe muff produce an uniform motion 5 {'0 that ,

.uo reafon can ibegiven by that principle of the different degrees of 1

motion in proieéted bodies : which when they begin to fall down
increafes in a Geometrical Proportion, as the odd numbers 1,: 3, 3-,,

7,, 9.. So that if you let-fall :1 Gone at theheight of 2; fathoms, and I
itruns through that fpacein s feconds of time, it will pafs through 3 4,
the I fathom in the I- fecond , through the 4.in the 2 feconcl, rt 9
through the 9 in the 3, through the :6 in the 4, and through all tli€?~7 :6 "
zsin the 5, according to the calculation of Ga/i/ei.=  25:,

To anfwer thefe objections , Iobferve 1.» That all folid bodies
emit efiluviurns, .inE=oportion to their bulk, and the rconflitution»
an;lagitation- of their parts. This appears in Animals, Flowers,
Plants, theLoad{ione, Amber,  2. OF thefe eifluviums fome _ I 
are lharp»pointed,= others blunt, fomehooked, brauched,channel’d 5 - lj
fume clammytand rough, others polilhed, é‘6'.’ 3. Thef€€lH5JVi- l ,
iums do not all By away, but circulate round about the bodies,
whence they areemitted; otherwife the virtue of inanimate bodies ~
whofe decays are not repair'd by nutrition would be quickly {perm
This being~fuppos’d, I anfwer, That the Earth does continually fend l
forth exhalations,to the height, at leafi, of the Atmo{phere,and per-r
h:aps far higher, fince the Moon, that is commonly reckon’d 49 Semi- 
diameters of the earth diliantfrom our Globe, is obferv’d .to turn 
round about it: Of which no good accountcanlbegiven, unlefs by ‘
fuppofing that the emanatious of the earth do reach fo far, .as.{l1allP?
beproved elfewhere. At prefent I defire only, Thatit be granted'- a
that the exhalations of the terraqueous globe tile as far as the utmoft. ti
bounds of the Atmofphere, that is 3 or .4, miles, which thei.Ph.aano-,,.
mena of the clouds, rain, {how and other meteors make evident. .

Thefe exhalations are as lb many rods and chains of {mall bodies a 
of different make and figure, one of which is falienid to l.ih€_gl‘O.Ul.'-Id“-,;  
and the other reaches to a certain height in the A~t-mofpherec Be -:
fides thefe, there are the corpufclesof the air, which have an ela.-.
{tic Vertue, and bend to and fro like tSpr~ings.~. When gawtbody is «
Cali up in the air, the force of the,:,perculT&on O1.‘p1‘Qi€&iOfl,v.c0mfi
pelsithefe fluidand fpringingtods to yield, «tho not iwithoutatre,-;
fiftance that;q.uickly..fpencls-«and conffuuies the ptioieriting force.2[”As* «-

 

:4 , -«—.£‘.‘.r1.,.4I.-.:.‘.- . : .-..

 

em,   rnfitmmts fat the ihtgwtotts. T
foon as this is ceafed, the body becomes indifferent to any motion
befides the perpendicular, that is annex’d to its natural gravity, but
istoo weak and uniform to overcome the reliftance which the bodies
i'nterpos’d between it and the Sun, make to this its direction: {O that
the little rods of exhalations and air, that reach from the Earth to
a certain height in the Atmofphere, and thence again to the ground,
altnofl in the manner of water-fpouts, tho they have not a fuffici-
ent force to carry the projected body along with them, yet are “
firong enough to determine its perpendieulatrmotion ‘towards the
earth: And receiving in its defcent continual ftroaksof the fpringing
corpufcles of the air, its motion is increasd with thatGeomettical
Proportion that we have noted before.
Perhaps you will fay, That there is an attraétive force in the ‘
center of the Earth , and in each Planet, to_draw on the bodies
round about them, at a certain difi-ance, according to the degrees of l
their contpaetnefs or denfity; as there is the like vertue in the Sun to *
attraét thePlanets.This feems at firft a very fhortcut,but the mifchief
is, that the words arrméfiiw power, or via cemripem, give no diftinét
Idea-, and that after having takenfmuch trouble to prove, that the
Sun and Planets are as many Loadfiones, which attraét one another,
we areas fiat as ever from the true notion of gravity, till we can de-
termine by whatrneans that attlraétion is made.
And therefore to proceed, Since bodies are eflentially heavy,
-V and cannot refl unlefi they lie upon each other; it is methinks a plain
confequence, that they gravitate every where, and even more in
their elements or proper places than any where elfe-, their refi being 
(4) pr,-,,.p, there more undi{iur_bed. De/carter (4) denies this upon very weak
iv. 22. 26. grounds. He pretends that there is no motion but what is circular,
thatabody cannot be carried down by its own gravity, unleis it
drives up another of an equal built, butlefi ponclerous; whence he
infers, that the {uperior particles or water, that lie perpendicularly
on the middle part of the bottom of a V eiiel, do not gravitate upon
the inferior, becaufe they cannot do it, without driving up the coi-
Iateral ones, which are equally heavy with them. A very {irange ,
Hypothefis, that feerns at firii to import, that a vefiel full of too ‘
pound of water would be no heavier, than if its bottom was but ‘
jult covered. But our Philofopher correéts this his notion, by ad-
ding that the particles of the liquor that are perpendicular to each
other, joyn their force with the undermofi of all, to prefi that part .
of the bottom, whereupon it lies; which defiroys his former pre- l
iudice, and is int‘: as much as we defire. i   ’ i ‘

That

 

przl, 169 3.

That the air gravitates upon the bodies that fwim in ithas been
made evident in this lafi age by a valit number of experiments. Na y .
the modern Philofophers are come (0 far as to determine the degrees '
of tl]3tsgt‘aVitEltlOFi. or infiance, they can tell you, That a C0.
lutnn of the whole At ofphere equiponderates an equal column of
water 32 foot long. and 28 inches of Mercury, more or lefs, ac-

cording to the thickneié of the air, and the fituation of the place.

True it is, that whether‘ we walk, (it, or lye, we do not feel the 3 4
weight of the air. But thereare good reafons for it. 13 Air is a fiu- t l
id that circulates about us, in which we move, and to whofe pref» A
fure we are ufed, fince the firft moment veegvere born- We do not
feel t  weight of our cloaths when we are drefled, norof our co»
verlids when we lie in bed, efpecially in winter time. Muff we
t-henceinfer, That thefe cloaths and coverlids are not ponderous, or
that they weigh more in Summer than in Winter ? We {hould he
apt to think (0, lhould we follow the direéiions of our fenfes; but if
we coniider, that they weregiven us chiefly for the prefervation of
our bodies, and the underfianding for the difcovery of truth .- and
that therefore the fenfes in this inquiry ought to be made ufe of with
great caution, and with the neceflary correétions of the underPrand-i
ing: then we {hallconclude with more reafon, that the weight of
the air, cloaths and the like, is but a gentle preflhre, which tending
to the prefervation of our bodies, is not troublefom to our fenies.

Secondly, The mofi fenfible effect of the natural heavinefs of bo-~
dies eonfifis in their tendency to a perpendicular motion, as appears  
by the y, 6 and 7 propolitions. Whence it follows, That the weight *
of a fluid cannot be felt by animals thatrrrove in it, or about which,‘
it circulates, becaufe they do not oppofe its perpendicular motion. I"
would intreat thofe who believe that the air does not gravitate upon»
them, to try whether they can riie when they fit, without bencling‘il
their headforwards, and their legsrbackwards : or whether they can
leap. up perpendicularly, and keep their bodies in a right line. They
will own iti-tnpoliible, but afcrihe this weaknefs of theirs, to the
conflitution of their Organs; rather than to the gravitation of the“
air, or the natural tendency of their bodies CiOWDW3l‘{l$. Howetrer ‘
in Mechanics we are forced to make ufe of divers inftruments to lift“
upinanimate bodies, and to overcome the prefiure of the Armor

‘ fphere, and the refit'tance~of-their nagtutal heavinefs. What oth’e—re
eaufes can hinder the perpendicular rifing of animals 3"

You have obferved, That Eagles and other great Birds, whi}ch~
rife aconfiderable height in the air, fit/im lighter and eaiier in the
uptpetait, tltannear the ground. At firfi, ,l1.was. inclin’d.as well as»

§"tQl1£:>-r

  

  

1.. 1. -7 

you to afzribe this to th'e'magnetical efiluviurns of the Earth, which
liiclt at their wings as a kind of glew. Butnow it rather think that
the quantity of the air which underprops them from beneath 15 not

‘,t'proportional to the natural heavinefs of their bodies: nor to the

Vail" columns of air that prefs upon them from above : which is the
caufe of that {lrong and perpetual motion of their wings. whereby
they endeavour to make the counterpoife. And lam confirmed in

  my opinion, by that {mall Birds fly eafier near the ground than

great ones, becaufe the former do not lackffo much air to hear them

-up as the latter :, whereas did this difliculty arife from any .attra6tive

lflrrearns, it would be the lame in both

VV&t€t‘ being a fluid as well as air, the reafons we have giv’n for
our not feeling the weight of the air, will {erve to explain the Phae-
nomenon of Divers, who are not fenfible of the huge columns of
Water that lie upon their heads, as long as it freely circulates
abouttheir bodies. For as this Element is more compacft than the
air, its prelhure is far flronger: and therefore when it meets with
fomerefiftance, as when aDiver has any leather Garmentabout
him 5 it prefles (0 hard againli its that the man is in danger to be
c'rufh’d to pieces. This power of gravitation appears farther in the

bottom of the Sea, and of the Chanel of great Rivers, which it

makes very {month and levehand the val} hollownefles it digs in the
main Ocean : As likewife in dead bodies which It cafis up to the

 

furface of the Water. Nay Divers themfelves are forced to  — 

lead {hoes of 20 pound weight, and to hang lead plates of 30 or 40
pound upon their Shoulders, that they may {land firm on the bot-
tom of the Water; for otherwife its natural gravitation ioyn’d to
the force of the firearm or current, would catch hold of the firli
motion they fhoulcl make, and repel them to the furface. But
enough of this, for having had fome curious informations concern-
ilng Divers and their Engins, I defign to referve them for a particular
etter. a e

}1pri1_1 8 ‘hr

/LET.

Occa’/iotzh and Suhjefl oj’ this Letter, cohceraihg the Omnip1'e-

 

LETTER XVI.

To the }370h0ttreoz' ,Mr.  Theodore
Heinfon, Fellow of the Ryal S0.
A uciety. e

ARGUMENT.

fence of Chrz/z"s humane Nature. T he Author’: Defiga in
pahlz/hing this Hypothehs. T he Power aha’ protiigioua Dilataog
time of Efilzwiams evident?! in Light aha’ Oz/ors. That God
 can make an human hoeiy, of an horz/inary Bigzaefi am‘1Statare,,
that [hall he ahle toifill the whole ?/hirverfe with Emahatiom‘;
That Cllriflis Body is the mo/1‘ excelletzt of all. That the
-Perfeéiion of his Nature, his Union with the Deity, the Go-
wtvernment of-the World, and efpecialiy the Saafli/fcatiohof
“the Elefi, rzeceflariflyt requires, thefe pro»:/i,r{iozza' Emanatiom,
/7f'0jZ1’tl~ hy Reqfon am_/Scriptttret Howet/Jeje _EflZu72ittm~5”moy
he exhal'e/ without hwafling his Suhffahce, or ehrlaugering the"
Texture of hisflzcreti Batty. T he Dofiriae of C oiofahffantiation
rightly um/erffooa/, is notjh ahfitrt/, as 'ti5 thought hy many.

 ]{o;oo7tree1Sir, i   i  ' V

Ihce the day of your departure, -V\ hen you promis'd me (0 ob-*
Iigingly, that yourabfence thould notdiminith the Friendihip
youhad-fhew’d me here: lhave often wiflfd that I could
meet with a Subie./St fit to entertain you. But the fenfe of my {mall
abilities made me almofi defpair ever to find out fuch curi.o,us and
impgrtant obfervations, or to handle them {'0 well, as that they

a R   might

apeentn-itsfoz the ingenious-

Ill 8*

‘might beprefented to lo nice and judicious an inquirer in Pl]llOfOr

, pious man, a.ndaMember of the Church of England; And Wl'iO?‘-

fophical matters, as you are- And thereforel would not let flip the
occalion of orYerin~g you the folilowing paper, which I have receiv’d~
from a very ingenious hand. It refers to an Article in which your
Church is lzighly concerned, viz. the 0mm'prefeme of Chrifitvlmmamee

Nizzure, of which it endeavors to give a Philofophical and rea{ona-
bleacconnt. All that I can lay of the Author is, that he 18 a very

knows but there are others of his opinion ; which Icould heartily

with, as likewife that this exphcation were reliflfd by your Di-i .

vines. For the mlifunderliood Dodtrine of our Saviors Omnipre-y

fence, which is the foundation of his real prelence in the Sacrament,

has been hitherto the liuzmbliitng-blocks of the Proceflanrs, and the
chief, or rather the only wall of feparationt between our Church’es.,
How happy wouldlireckon rnyfelf, if, by the publilhing of this
Hypothefis, I might contribute fotne,tlting,toa happy reunion Bur,
Near, I flatter myfelf witha fruitlefs hope, and our fins are yet too

powerful , nottotum afide the celeflial influences oflpeacei and”,

moderation, which good Chrifiians labor to infpire in our breafls.

However, let us hear our Author. ., . »
There is one Eternal God, ianfinite, in PoW€t,yi.Wifdom.and

Goognefs; difii'r1g~uilh"d_li,nto Three_.Per_fons : Fathieirfl-,-Son,and Holy‘

o . i, ‘ V .   c

‘ The Son of God is infini’tely beloved: by his Father.

l Infinite Love and Goodnefs, affified and clireéted: by iinfinite
Power and Wifdom, cannot fail to provide for its befirbeloved, the
belt: and molt :excellenet things in every kind, thaetthe beloved. is ca-
pable of; efpecially in fuch things, as he mufi haveavery nearirelais
tionto,i and confiant and continualufefor. *  s - 1 _

Wherefore ifitbepfoderermi,n’d,, that the_,Son>of God (“whom
we alfo call the eternal 2t6g,,o.;) muff have a body infeparably united
to’ him, it}mu={t be,
excellent. ' e . \

The more aclive any body is, themoreexcellent it is 5 provided:
that acltivity be not de{lru6tive,. but beneficial, to, and perleftive
of its own. and other bodies: Every degree of a~&i-Vitfy'.,ElllJS quali-
fled, adds a new degree of exeellency.   i i

Thesimmediate caufe of the adtirvity of any body, are the Spirits

that are in the faidbody :' when thefe are in at great meafure ex»
haufiedyorrtmhaledg the bodybecomes dull: and languid. 5; whenthey
mg ag;;,i;y,gecruited,, it becomes lively and at?ctve.. ‘ r

B9!

of all bodies t«hat can be producfd, the molt?’ ’

V

April, 1693.   H9
By thefe Spirits flowing out of the body/i=’(therei”ore called fila-
2/id, or Emanations) it operates on other bodies locally diflant room

it. Thus the Sun by his Raies enlrghtens and warrns the air, water,

‘ and earth, witrh allthings therein. The Loadflone attracts iron: Jet,

Amber, Glalfs, and many other bodies attract Straws, Chafl; era.

‘Otioriferous bodies afleét ourOrgans of l’mell<ing.-So do the Efllm/itrmx

ofa Man, Hare, Fox, €’§“c._2fl:l.:t”.’€£ the Nolirils of aDog, or other
quick-,fceuted' Animal, many paces diflant from the bodies out of
which they flO\V." An evil Eye is {aid to hurt, and the Bafilisk to
kill with his afpeéts And the lympathetic Powder, and Weapon-

/ falve, are believed to communicate their fanative Virtue to the

VVound, at an indefinite diflance.

Emanations flowing from the body of anAnimal,contain in them-
-felves, and imprefs upon other bodies the charafters of thofe indivi—
duals from which they flow: fo that by their adhering to other
bodies (removed out of fight, and to a great diflance from their
fource) the {aid individuals may certainly be difiinguilht from all
other bodies, not only of a diiferent, but of the fame fpecies. This
is-manifeft in Hounds, neglecting all other fcents. and conflantly
running on that of the firfl fiarted Hare, Fox, 65?. And well train‘d
Spaniels, readily finding out a Glove, Handkerchief, Stick, Stone,
rec. toucht by their Maflers hands, and hid in aheap of other ‘bodies
handled by other men; tho they never faw it befor  

The more plentiful, pure, fubtile,vigorous and efli acious the ema-
,na-tions are, the greater is the aétivity of the boCl¥5 out of which

they flow 5 and the more powerfully will itoperate on other bodies

g rightly difpos’d for the reception of the‘T’aid emanations.

Emanations flowing into;a body rightly difpofed for their recep-

  tion will produce in that body fuch qualities, as were in the body

out of which they proceeded: and by this means thoufands of ho-l
dies may be altered by one. Thus thou {ands of Needles may acquire
a verticity and an attraétive virtue from one Loadflone; and a

whole City may be infeéied by one man; tho not one of all that
-‘multitude did once touch him : And ’tis not .it:npo.fi3blethat health

in like manner may be communicated, by balfamic fpiritsflowing

from the-thoroughly purified body of a perfon erninentlyxvirtuous5

efpecially if thefe ernanations be directed in Hell‘ courfe,and invigo-

rated by the earneft and fixr intention of the loul of the emittent;

and eagerly imbibed by the exalted imagination of the fufcipients.
Nay the thing is not only pofirble, but reallyhappen’d: For one Mr.

%' G'rem‘rix,3n Irzfb ymandiving near the Earl of 0rm;y’s,who has not been

i dead theft: many years, and has been lmown by feveral perlbns yet

R 2. , living

120 memoirs for the iilngtnmtts.
living in the 3Kingdoms, had. the gift of curing the King’s-evilgand
feveral other difeafes, as Dimnefs, Deafnefs, the‘Agne, the Falling-
Sicknefs, do. by repeated liroaksof his hand. You may find a
full account Of him, in the .$'4dd;4crfmm«Trir/zmp}mtm Of Mr. 6'»/mwi//e,
p. 84,, 875‘. P’. 1. Edit. 2.. T r ,

Emanations plentifully andvigoroufly flowing from an eminently
aéitive body, into a body eminently paliivea. but exceeding Htlydili
pofed fortheir reception and retention, may become a {ubflantial
feed, whereby not only fome qualities-, butthe perfeéi idea, and
the lively lUl)flZf'.I1El2i—l‘i«1I1EZg€ of the body from which they flow, with
allits» propertiesand virtues, may in the {aid palfive body be produ-
ced. Thus we know, That the. beams of the Sun tefratfted throa
Burning glafs, and received into combufiible matter, will immedi-
ately produce therein an Infant Sam (if I may fo fpeak) which lives
and burns, i and fhines like his Father, tho in a far lower degree, and
will continue fo to do, aslong as it has nourifhment, and is not ex-
tinguilht by any outward accident. a i

Andmay not even living Creaturesibe generated by thefe inviti-
blerandrimpalpable emanations? Surely if our modern Anatomifis,
whohave far furpaliallthat ever: went before them in their difcove-

sries, may be credited; we mufi allow thefe emanations to be the
only immediate active [.)l‘.1[lClPl€S, 1fl.tll€.g€U€“l‘3'tlO[1 of all_Animals.

For they aflhre-us, That there is no vifible or palpable fnbfiance to
be found, either inethe prolific Eggs of Birds, or in the Wombs of

sviviparous Females immediately after copulation, that may difiin-

guifh them. from thofe that are unprolific or Pterile. And tho in the

ordinary wayofi generation, thiscontagion, as D’: Hamylcalls it,

becommunicated by. means of carnal copulation 5, 'tis not impolfiblea
that the fame efi"e6’t may be produced,t-hat. the etnanattons may prove

_as. vigorous and elficacious for the: generation of an animal, when:

there has been no fuch copulation, or -any immediate contaét. Yea
Hifior-ians of good repute have long fince afl"ured us,- That fome fe-
nnaleanimalsrlrave been impregnate by the wind, probably bringing"-
to them tlreEfiZ.a~z2iarm of males of the fame kind from remote places.

But 'tis enoughefor my purpofe, ifthe poffibility of this-away. of ge- ,

aeration be granted (which I fappofe none will deny)a, tho no ani-

irmaleverr were, or {hall befo generated. « _
Exlflfiid bodies are, of all bodies that we know, the mo{i?aé’cive;»;

tlieyi {end forth emanations in tehegreatefi plenty: : and the emanati-
onsfiowing from them, are, of all others, the mofig-pure, fubtile,
and. vigorous. The flame of a Candle of “ an-qinc.h~ diamet‘er,..ama_y be
leetn, ini.a.darlt.night,,., Ilpeak within compals ,.,abovei iooorpaces

arnragnc, it will therefore.enlighten.a fphereiofiabove moor paces,

«diames,-«-

 

Ar-

 ti§'9 3. . r 12 It

diameter, {'0 that   caeizetr §_Z'l2z‘(‘€Cl in any partjof the faidzi
fi)l7.,€“l't.’:‘,;  rays from the Candle willflrteam into it. Arid Lthisaéi.‘
tit l’Ll.l.l.1‘1l.‘l'i'!.’t’.‘:€'..l”iOf1’iS performed in -the twinkling of an eye, before there.
«can. be any fenfible diminution of the iiibl’tanc'e or" the Candle.There-"
forea bodywithout any fenfible diminution of its fubfiance, may
fillwith its etnanationsa fpacelarge enough to contain I000’ Milli-i
ons of Millions of bodies, oiequal bulk with it fell‘. \ 1 , r   
  Thatchefe Rays are real Emanations from the Candle, and in
verydeed the fame fubftanee that immediately before was feen lhi»-r
ning about the wiek, but now-dtfentiangled from thofe fuliginous
fieamst wherewith hit was there mixed, is to me apparent, in that.
[h’eV,.fi'l3y be recolletfted by refraétion thro a tr'anr”paretit Convex, or
Refleétion from a terminated»’Co-ncave. glafs, ‘or t"rom ;polil11etdr.Me-1
.tal.-; And? if the refleéting«Spem[am*‘b&3 large,a exaétly. ground ‘and.-

__ ;___.....g;;J

 

 

polilht 5 t and the difiance from the_Candle not .tt.éo~ g"r.teat,; the recoil»... 
e leéted flame (tho as —in.vifible asvthe ambient: ‘air, -Whilll it has nor e 
other body to refide in, yet) receiv’d into'combuPcible matter, will 
manifefi it {elf to be real fire, by burning and lhining, like its or-i-i ‘ it
gine. And tis worth our obfervation, xthatitho the {hape of the re— a 
fleeting or refraéting gl21llSfl),€"fpl13l§ElC21l5.»"p2lT‘abCl3li,Ci1l,0liBhYp€FbOllC%1l;i 3 Q

yet the reproduced iiflameeewi-lilr befpy1'amidal, ';ElS r,.lI{\7i?;‘21S§h€l.‘1;11'€vaflV€l.S.T€¥i 1
paratedfromtthe~Candle.- i;Btna~nation$; -if not very?’ much, d-iftorrteda   ,1
by loutward-“accidents, willrretain even tl1€._Vlfil;)lé‘Cl'Ja1‘aC7fE{1'S of the; t

individtralébody from which they fl-ow’; thotheyr V be hid in the air. f l
where they become invifible; thothey be invironed ‘withmillions 1 I
of minute bodies;tho they be crofs’d in every.poit1t;of their line by 0»;  l

therEmanations:thio,ttheyfberefleéiecland :f€f1‘3fiCCl by glaffisf and tliro r , 
mediumsofdifferente-thapes a—nd:i<:—inds: yetif after all they be+rnaniFe£t3£   f ,4

ed to the figh~t,they will reprel”ent n0ll1apE’buE,tl7atiO€ their original;
lrnighteafily enlarge my {elf upon Ci1iS‘{.‘i=bl€éf)C of illumitnation,» , i
and make it feem yetvmore probable, if not evidently demonfirate,  
that fire and light, the luminous body, as luminous,‘ and the Ray»
are the very {a~rneifu.bllcarlCe..*: ,=BUt':t§.s no parrot" my prefentv defign:
befides , I perceivexbyitthereading of your Memoirs, thatyou are
going to vvritegof it-; -This only I.(h:all add that {och as w'illrnot.i-al-
low the fubflance of the‘Candle (in union with the aétive ptin,-~
ciple)-to be'{h&t which enlightens the air. are obliged to {hew wlherev
that fubftance is. or vvhat is become of itafter ’tis parted from the
wiek.-I whieh,ll"'arn:,fur€,tl1€YsC3n’tdo.i  t, ;   i. -; .  
But becanfe the coi‘po.rei,ty;no_f liglit, ,;a-‘nd itstalmofi ~in{lan¢i
taneous flight to aasgteart 3(li{far:.1C€_a«S; its-‘ll:iY~S will extend, is «
queftion’d. byfome great ;.pretet"tders to T§?l3iiolopl1y,:e»r andvetlieet
‘ a   atcourrts»

‘1 22 m3mtoirs fa; the fingmiotts.

accounts have been given of the mariner of Ilhimination: I

£l1all'c"it'1fe fuch an inltance among the objeéts of another fenfe,

as all own tosbe a body, whofe Emanations indeed are by
very many degrees inferior to thofe of light, both in fnbtilty and
vigor; yet plentiful enough to fill a [pace many millions of times
larger than what is occupied by the body from which they How,
We need gono further than out Candle for fuch an i-nfiance; but be-

caufe, "not tbelievirigonr eyes, we receive no benefit ( asto this mat-

ter) from its light, we’ll blow it out. Then the Room ~(fuppo{e it’ i

to be 20 foot fquate, and [0 high ) will foon be filled with another
kind of Emanation (not (0 pleafant to our noflrils, as the former
was toour eyes) which we know was fome particles of “half, oriioc
near half, refolvedtallow that remaitfd in the wick after the extin.
(‘Brion of the flame. Let us fuppofethemsto have been the folution

of about a thoufandth part of a cubick inch of tallow (andtmlore I,

think they could not be, if fo tnuch;)they now occupy afpace that
will contain above goo millions of [uch bodies. We may eafily con-r
ce1“v?their diffufion would have beenvaftly greater and fpeedier, if
initead of the dull fire that remains inthe wiek after the extinéiion

of theflame, they had been wrought upon by thismolt aéiitre prim» l

ciple, Io" as to have their nature quite changed, from a Ream very
offenfiye to the Nofegp into a light molt welcome to the Eye.r’Wonlci.
not the fpacetwhich in this (late, they would have filled," bear the
fame proportion to that which they now take up, that the lig,ht;of
a thoroughly kindled Candle does to the {park that remains in the
wiekafter its. ext-inéiionay     r   i.  r
i. "Butt whentgllay th‘at,.lutn‘inous,,.oriodotiferous,Emanations do fill
to vafi afpace, I donor mean adequately 5 but fo as that thereis

  no fenfible part of the tfpace, in which they are not prefent, tho in‘

the mean time millions of other bodies, and emanations from other
bodies are contaitfd within the fame compafs : and the luminous or
odoriferons emanations, do realy and adequately fill nomore {pace

in their utmoli» rat-efaéiion and «dlfilulion, than they  beforeftheir V

&pa.ra.tion from i the luminous  ‘odottifetous body.

1A bodyithat etnitstlimanations ‘ihiveify great plenty, ‘ and with

great‘eli vigor may be {applied a{s'fa{li—as it waliepsri and fo notn~'ith-

. Handing its unintermitted expence of El’lluvtium’sfo1‘lever (oras iong

as God pleafes) continue in the fam€7l{lat€.% Or thefupply maybe

greater than the walie, as in groyv?ing~éAnimals-andiVeg;etahles, and

then ,’twi1l continually increafe in bulltorivi~g'o‘i‘2 ‘Pi 

t OF all Bodies known to us, the Sun i.s’vifibly:the mofltlglotious 5

the Etnanations flowing from him are fo plenteous,=that there isflnlo
    en 17 e

.
‘‘m':uv‘*.-u.. '

:_¢._.L

_;_4___4?‘.__#_4_

i fipril,      ' A  I23.

fenlible part of the Air or e/Ether , within this folary Vortex,

that is not full of them. So pure and fnbtile are they, that they.-

pafsthro’alldiaphanou9, tho’ otlierwife hard, Bodies in the form
of Light, anclthro’Opalte Bodies in the form of Heat. So vigo-.

tons and eficacions are they, that the whole Air and 4/fiber, for ma.‘ -

ny millions of Miles round,is, as ’twere, in a moment enlightned,

and all Minerals, Vegetables and Animals, in this and the re{’c of the I

Ehlanet-s,.are_wa'rrn’d, enlivenechorod uced or cheriiht. by them ; And
yet no fenitble diminution either of bulk or vigor, has been cltfu

cover.’d in it fince its Creation, but what was accidental, and lias

beenagain repa.ir’d.   A ,
Becanfe God is infinite in PO'.’€€i‘ and Wifdotn, he can producea
humane Body, not exceeding the common Ptature and bulk, which
in the plenty , purity, lhbtilty , vigor and efficacy of its Emanc-
tions, and in the firmnefs and durability of its texture and vigor fhall»

i -as far exceed‘ the Sun,as hedoes an ordinary hurn"anevABody,r orgthe

vilefl. Animal,Vegetable, or Mineral. Let us now’ fuppofe ,.witl1‘1*
De: Carley, that thofe innumerable Starswhich difcovetthetii-feh7esi
to our Eyes in ad frofly Night, and as many more as you pleafe , fo
the number be not infinite, which is impoiiible, are ‘each of them _ at

Sun fixt in the Centre of a Vortex, as large_a,s' hrefanfi,e.s%this of? ours
to be. It does not exceed th’e:Ponferof the »~Almightygtoi prodgI‘c?efii‘a¢

humane Body, ( not esiceedhingithe common {inure)«lgvhr:cmsiacea..
in the Centre. or hupon: thefCit‘cnmference, rtwitthin 01*‘without.*:this—i.
prodigionflgy vafl: llniverfe, {hall fill the whole with ,En1a»nationsa; r
flowingfrom itfelf = And,b.y the {aid Emanations, {hall operate’/morresr

vigoroufly in every part. thereof, than the Sun; i does" rin‘1any part of
this I/ozrt,c?x.e ”        c 

And becaufe we fuppofe the Body of  }e;{tis,,toa he

the hmofi excellent, and confeqnently the moft‘ aétii7e*ofall" Bodies

that are or can be. produced ; and becaufe the Emanations flowing,
from it have, de fafia, been manifelied to be more ‘vigorous than:the~
beams of the Sun, ( A6}: 26.13,) tis not,l [l'iml{’, nnreafonable to» ,

conceive,that the {aid Ernanations are e-very where iflVifiblYa and,,
if he pleafe, may he vtfibl-y_. prefent, in every feniible or determi-
nable patt of the Llniverfe :if {'0 ftnpenclous an ?t&iViCY- can confift

with, and may any way contribute to the happinefsrof him, who is

defervedly the Head of the whole Creation.

That fo Ptupendous an activity may conliii with,ancl bevery tab-

fervient to his happinefs. Ilhall now endeavor to prove.

Twolthings tnufi; concur to» make 3. Man, happy,-,: the perfeétiot} g
t t a 9; :

    

1 24 %emuit5 for the fine.-3%
of his nature, and the fatisfaétion of his .. and theft: two are
attain’d only by an union with God, and a1”.h,_;,r:;:ationy to him.

i   T hat Chri{‘t’s llnioyn with God is the nt‘a;t:[l<  can be, no true  
Chriflian doubts-, feeing both natures are fo  ID —l1ifl’i, that they a

con{l:itute~but one Perfon; i  i I
Neither can we reaibnably doubt that Ctatitrtft as Man, or the hue

mane nature in Chrili, is more like unto God, and does more abunx

dantly partake of his infinite Power, Wi dom, Goodnefs, and the
reft of his glorious Attributes , than any other Creature does or
can.   i ‘ i

The Acftivity we are pleading for, is {o far from being incoufiflent»
with this fupreme Happinefs, that to ‘me it feems difficult, if not
impoffible to conceive how he can be fo happy , i. 42. how the hu-
mane nature in Chrifican be fo nearly united and affimilated to their '

Divine, without it. y   D .  , A _ s h
. If the wholehumane nature of Chrifi be wholly comprehended.

within thenarrow limits of a vifible, palpable; humane l'3ody;,he,s

is aeaiwitga-79-, or God—tnan only in one particular place of the U._ni-
verfe of very Tmall extent, every Where‘ elfe he isonly God ;and
then the Deity lying bare, if I may fay fo , what hinders butan-
other Man, yea, ten thoufand millions of Men may be perfonally
unitedto the Divine A3)/@’, and {omany Men r_nay’bebut one‘ Per-
fon,,tha;nwhich, nothing can be more abfurd ? ll ' g t 7
How the humane nature ofChri{l can be prefent in every part

of thellniverfe, by any other way than by the forefaid Emanations,

Idonot underfland 5 but by the-help of this Hypothefis, we may a

teafily conceivehow the humane nature of Chrift perfonally united
to the Divine, doesnot only partal%te‘of"God’s Itnmenfity, by being,
every-where ptefentgbut. alfo of his Omnifcience, by ltnowingall
things; of his,infinite:Goodnel"s,’by cornmunicating, himfelf to all
,Creatutes,according to their (everal Natures andCapacities5 and
of his Omuipotence. by doing whatever he pleafes in Heaven , in
Earth, and throughout the whole llniverfe. _ , s
 For «I gonfider, that becaufe Godis A_lmighty,he could create a
33,231 (£.e;. a§,Spirift,capable ot" being vitally united to ajhumoane Body)’
of f0eu!tlit'ni«-(‘Ed ta Capacity, that,'be{1des its olficeof "informing that
particult/_tr,Bod,y,'it {hall be able to manage all the Aifiirs of the

‘t

U..niverie,and order every particular action and motion of a Cre°-  

.tiii‘E.’, and particle of a Creature therein contain’d, with much more
eafe and certainty, thanrtlrefe Souls ofouts do adminillet . the Affairs
of our‘.jBodies. » t . D ‘

Twould

tttutttiiii   D   

.l
l
1
l

April, 1693.   r    I 25
'Twould not exceed the Power of a Spirit {'0 endowed, to direct,
regulate, and moderate the forefaid Emanations difiiifed throughout
the whole Llniverfe. , s
 And becaufe the Almighty Father does infinitely love his coeter-
“nalSon,i’tis reafonable to fuppofe the Soul of Chrifi (intimately
united to the Divine A6;«@-) to be the tnoiieitcellent of all Beings
that are or can be created.   "

’Tis therefore as reafonable to fnppofe, that the forefaid Emana-
tions flowing fromhis moi’: glorious Body, be they never fo plen-

sateous, pure, fuhtile and vigorous, are more perfectly {object to the
jdominion of his Soul, than any Member of our Body is to ours.
How‘ we may conceive it to work on other Bodies by means of
thefe Emanations, we are now to enquire.

It has been the Opinion of fome Philofophers,ThatSight. is canfed
by the Emiflion of Spirits from the Eye to the Objefi, tho’
this be not the common received Opinion 5 nor is Sight caufed this
‘way, except perhaps in fome particular Animals, as thofe that fee in

‘ the Night: yet, I fuppofe, none will deny that ’tis poilible for a

Man to have his Organs or Infiruments of Perception fo difpofed,

, that he may fee, feel, and other ways perceive Objects by Etnanaé

tions flowing, not from them, but from himl7elf-
This kind of Perception, being ac7tiv“e, and not needing exterior

helps, as Light, a dgie confilience of the med£um,a moderate difiance

and polition of the Object, ca’~c. is much more excellent than ours,

-which is meerly Paflive, and needs thofe Requifites.

If the Emanations flowing from the Body of an Animal en-

dowed with this kind of Perception, be fo fubtile as to pafs freely

thro’ allmanner of Bodies, diaphanous or opalre, fluid or firmgthere
can be no particle, quality, motion or alteration in the Body they fo
pfifs thro’, or are in, that {ball lie hid from the Soul that operates by
t em.

if therefore the Emanations flowing from the glorified Body of
the blefled ]eftis,be {b plenteons as to fill the whole llniverfe , as
the beams of the Snnclo the Air and tflrlaer; if they be fo {hbtile as

-to penetrate into the inmoii recelies of all Bodies; and if they he
fo perfeétly underthe command of his Sot1l,that he caniiie them as '

his lIlP(i‘l1m€’iitS of Perception, according to liis.,pleai”ure= then we
may ealily conceive, there can be nothing in the world hid from

"him.,‘not only as he is the Omnipiefent, Oinniicietit-A6y@~, hut alfo
"as he is’ Man.‘ 2 ,

"and regulated by his Soul, invigorgted by the allpowerful .A3y;@‘ ,

. We may alfo as eafily conceive, how by thefe lEin:-tnations, «aéted

9
U

 1 26’ flatmates for the fiingtnions.

,-.__.-.~.;.-,.._-_._,,__q.,.. ,__. ._. _.__._._.._._._,.

he can communicate hisiFavor,Virtue, Holinefs. Purity, yea,his Very .

Siubflancet to every Creature throughout the Univerfe 5 to fume in
agreater degree andmeafure; to others in a lefs, even as he pleafes l:;
which ’tis hard to“ conceive the naked Deity can do, becaufe of‘ the.
infini.tes-fimpli‘city and innmutabi=-lity of his Eflence, which can‘t be‘
more in one place, thing or perfon, than in another. Thus for in»-

» i’lance,‘was? the great Perfecutor (‘afterward the great Preacher )
' converted, by a glorious Beam of Light, and an audible Voice, pro-

ceeding from the Body, and out of the Mouth of the glorified.
 E S U. S: which yet would have proved as ineffefiual in him, as

in thofe that accompanied him; but/ hat by the operationof the;
ofe Emanations, the fire oi?

Soul. of Chrilt: working in and with g
Divine Love was kindled in the now unrefifiing heart of that happy
Convert.   i e

E5: the fame means, tho"not after thefame manner, we may con.

ceive that blefled work of Regeneration and Sanétification to be"

performed in al-lthatdo not finally refill the Holy Ghofl, working.
in and by thefe invifible Rays. Thefe Ernanations flowing front»;

the Fountain of all Purity, contain in thernfelves, and imprefs upon-4,

alil"rig_htly- difpofedzhearts, the Divine«Chara6ter and vivid Idea of:

that life- giving and allpurifying Body : they become a fubfiantial‘  

Seed, the Seed of GOD, out of‘ which. an Jnfimt Carter is genera-

ted";-~ which being conllantly nouriiht, by the incefliint inflowing off
newfimanations, fpreads itfelf thr.o’ all the parts and members» of‘

the Body, making it to-5-increafe-A-with the -i,sncr_eafe of God,and chang;
ing it into the fame--linage from Glory to Glory-

This plentiful communication: of l his goodnefs to all Creatures,‘

efpecially this Generation of his own image, out of’ his own fub-

ilance,in all rightly difpofed hearts, inwhatever. part ofthe Llniverfe-e

they be .- this- nniiverfal Benefit. I fay, and the unfpeakablyi happy

t effects of it, muffneeds bring ineifable joy and delight tothe Soul;
of the blefled I'€ll..}S«; a delight asfar tranfcendinggany that we are-
‘capable of’in this Worlcl,as the whole Llniverfe does the narrow»

limits of our Beneficence.

If this communication ‘of’hi§«Goodneis,,if all thefe glorious Ef-«
fecftss , far more anclgteater than cantbevenumbrecl or conceit-reds by
u;s,.,be brought -"tot-pafs-shy the forefaid Emanations, thseiraplentiful.

anal continual. diiluliow throughout=the.. Univerfe is not at all incon-
t-iitent with, but (0 f.1bf€l‘~V1€‘nttO,-.an'Cl CODPEIU-]tlV€‘ of his fupremet

liapipinelis, as nothing can be more -, andlwithout that diflhfion, for

“ought I“ can conceive or: underilanchhis ha‘ppinefs would.-b.e very~

And?  

ifflperfetfia.

xhprll, 169  '1 2+7
And whereas we laid above, That God can produce a humane
Body, that {ball fill’ the whole llniverfe with Emanations flowing
from itfelf; and have concluded the Body of the blefied J E5115
to be the gmofi excellent, and confequently the molt aétive of all
Bodies that canbe produced : thefe Premiffes feem to import, that
the Emanations flowing from his Body, lhould adeqnatetly fill the
7l.1nive1'fe. Butrfrom the confideration of his ,goodnet's,we may con-
.ceive a Reafon why the Ilniverfe is not thus adequately fill’d by
them, m'z..'becaufe then thofe Bmanations would exclude all other
Bodies out of Being; and (0 he lhould want Subjecflis whereon to
texercife his Beneficence. Tis his good pleafure to abate of his great-
nets, and of the pow r, aftivity and excellency of his Body, which
in this cafe would be no excellency, that by the plentiful exercife of
his goodnefs, he may manifefi-the excellency of his Soul. _ g g
A like Reafon may be rendred, why the Univerfe , particularly
this Earth whereon we live, is influenced by him to no greater a de.
gree than ’tis at prefent: why ’tis not at all times wholly enlightned
by him with as glorious a Light as once {hone upon that fpot,whete
Say! and his Companions were furprized in their Journey to Drama/l
em; or, as we believe the Heaven of the blefled to be for ever en-
Iightned withall 172521.. becaufe fo gloriousa Light, fo powerful an in,-
fluence would overpower the Faculties of the Creatures, and very
much hinder the natural operations of inferior Agents , and the free
agency of Men-, which the Divine Wifdoni fees meet to continue
in their prefent ftate, till the time of the reliitution of all things.
The happinefs I have hitherto fpoken of‘ is proper to the Soul»,
there is alfo a happinefs of the Body, to which fo prodigious an Adki-
vity as we have fuppofed, feems fo dire,/Bcly contrary, that the very
Being, Frame and Texture of the Body is thereby hazarded every’

  moment. An Aétivity many thoufand degrees fhort ofthis, would,

one would think , in the twinkling of an Eye, {hatter in pieces,
and diffipate into Atoms, a Body as hard as Adamant, and as big as
the whole Globe of the Earth. a

But here there is no fear; for if God have endowed that Body
with fo great an Aétivity, and to loch excellent put-pofes, becaufe he
is Almighty, we do not doubt but he can, and becaufe he is infinite
in Wifdom and Goodnefs,we may be fore he will give, or rather
has given it a firmnefsof Texture proportionable to its Atitivity.

We need not fear that by to (iupendous an Emanation of Spirits,
the Body out of which they flow, {hall be left dull, unat€tiv;e,o-r
fpiritlefs. For we have before concluded, that the Soul of the ‘holy

IE 3 L13 has the perfeét commang of the Spirits, both vvhilfi they
a. 1 are

 

_»a».=_-5.

   B} :37 B B   ‘aamaeasrrszsrijrinaming. '

   

are withinfand after they are exhaled out of the Body. And {‘o,..

the more ple-oteons,, pure, fubtile and vigorous the Emanations

rare, the greater is-the pleafnre; which he can continue as long, and

reiterate and encreafe, as oft and as much as he pleafes : by remand-
ing the newly expired Emanations into the Body, or by fnpplyirsg
it with frelh Spirits from the arnbitent Heaven. i
Wherefore that inelfably val’: diffufion of Emanations front the
g~lorify’d Body of the blefled J ES 118, feems neceflary for the
cornpleating of his corporeal,as well as fpiritual happinel7s.i And by

the contemplation of it we may be enabled to conceive; how the ~

I?leafure,which he to all Eternity does or may enjoy, bears: a greater

difproportion to the greateli that we are capable of in this life, than

the whole Llniverfe does to a humane Body.

The fame difiufion- of Emanations from his glorified Body into
us, feems neceffary alfo to the confhtution of our happinefs: For he s-

is ourlife, Ca/ofl: 3. 4. He lives in us, Gal. 2.. 20. He is formed

in us, Galja. I9. \/Ve are Membersof his Body , an 4* ¢ac9;c35~:
, aiivfi, 29), an eff Sséw d:"U‘I§-3, made out of his Flelh, and out of his
Bones, Ep/aef. 5. 20. What authority any perfon in the world has to a

reject the literal fenfe of thefe, and many the like expreliions in Scri-

pture I know D0125 let thofe that do fo look to it 5 let them beware:

they be not found guilty of vvrefiing thole facred, thofe divinely in-
fpir’d Writings, to their own great prejudice, and the damage of

Soulsn J-ivine lnfpiration they do not pretend to, r’[lS Reafon only
that dttftates to them a fenfe of Scripture contrary to_, or exclufive-

of the literal. They know not how a Body can be prefent any other

way than locally, or circumfcriptively; therefore the property of i

being every where molt not be allowed tothe glorionsfpiritual Body
of the ever ’ole{Ted JESUS. They may with equal right reject the»

Doétrine of ’ the Trinity, as too many now do; for that is as contra».

ry toReafon,and can hardly be more plainly afiened inScripture,than-.

is the Omniprefence of Chriiiis Humanity, or of Chrili Godman ;, it

which I hope I have now lhewed not to be fo contrary to Reafon, as:
molt have imagined.Some may perhaps have a better way of expli-i
eating this Myliery communicated to them; but,for the prefent, I do

 

not underfiand how that Body can be Omniprefent by any other-

VV3ys[ll2—U by thefe fubPr"antialEmanations 5 mnchlefs can lconceive
how we can be f€g€l1€f3{€(l,,.lilfi5l«lfi€Cl, or purified, without a real

‘A.

iiabftantial“participation of the Principle of fpiritual Life and Pu-..

3;i£y..

If’ any ‘fay that we are regenerated and fanéiified by the fame»
means,,.and after the fame, manner, that .all,..the. :h0ly.;,.men of old,

who.

t  _> April, I;693-    ,      I 29
who lived: Before the incarnatinn of Chriii, were regenerated and
fanétified by; _I fay fo too. Nor does this conceiiion fu'overt,,or
any way preiudice my Hypothefis, if the anciently famous, and com-

, monly received tradition ofthepraeexiiience of Souls, particularly,

of the Soul of the Me//Yak, and its union with, and acting intan
ZEthereal;hody. be allowed; andithis we muff allow, if we will
make fenfe of hundreds of paffiges in Holy Scripture. And we
tnufi grant too, that the Ifmeliterof old (a nd ii'they,why not others),
W-eremade.pai:tgkers of the fame body. This,. I ifay, we muii
grant, if wezwiliiiick to the literal fenfe of Scripture, -and not wrefi
it by our own interpretation. For 'tis the aflertion of the ApOflil€.-

1-Corr. IO. 3, 4.. That they (the Ifirae/item, who came out qf Egypt), did i_

yallxeat (ft/01? fame I/pirimft/.mmt,omd did all driméojf the fime fizirimal drink: ‘
fur t}2ey_draxl< of that finrztzml Rock that ft:-//owea .t/rem‘; And that .Ra_c/e. .
mu Ci—lRlST- ’Tis certain that the Marina which they iaw,-..angd_ ,
felt,and taiied, and with whichtheir bodies txrere:nntrrriC»?1t, was jrtotr

fpiritual meat  nor was the Rock that.Mofe: {mote  his Rod, .3.
fpiritual Rocks,.or- the water that flowed out of it, fpiritual drink;

any more than theconfecrated bread and wine imhe Holy Eeucharirfi, .

are the very fubfiance of the body and blood of Chriii. But be-

fides, and in, or together, with this bodily meat and drink, they r

dtidrbartake of truly fpiritual meat, . and did drink truly wfpiritual 7

drinkg- evengtheiemanarioris _of the fpiri-tual Rock. that “followed :
them. Thematerial Rock did not follow them, tho the water did; i

but the fpiritualRockdid.botl1-f"o’llovv, and go before, and over-

{hadow them-, in the epillartof a. cloud, in which alfo they were bap-»
tized, '21. 2.. Andtbizr Rock WM.C}{R1ST.~ Cbrzfl, Ifay, not as he is

God, for ‘ fo he is-not iClarz"§%, g nor can he in i'efpe§: of his Deity, "be
progerly {aid togfollow.,or tomove A
Creature whofe body was then whoilyflthereahor fpiritualmvithout

any firmly organized center. "He has Hill the fame hndy,tho in part, at *

from place to place but as.he,.is'a ,

leafi otherwife modified :, and perhaps very much augmented by the A

converfion of other” bodies intoihisrown fnbiiance.

Brit to remove all fcruples concerning the poiiihilityof this Omni-e
prefence youmufi know,Tnat be the univerie aslarge as out fancies

can make it,it willnot require fo itnpetnous a firearm ofernan;-ttions to

fill it,no not by many millions of degrees, as hithermour Hvnorhefis x
jfeemssto make neceflary.Eorfuppofing,tfiebody of the hltfi':d yefm *

placed in the center of the univerfe (or wherever ’tis his pleafure to

be) we need not fancy that the end of the ray mtiil: reach the 
, utmoft bounds of it, the very nextmoment 3i.{€1“-‘lt ifihes out .0? the 1
body 5 not the..nex.tminute,,rothnut. 2 Porthe univerfeaonce fil.led»;;:

l with 

 

.’.~

       i aamsrtaazaa aaaama.i

with thefe emanations, or with thefe fpiritual bodies,for fo I’ll make
bold to call them .- the 1lniverfe,I fay, being once filled, does, and
always will continue full of theme For they cannot beannihilated,
or changed into any other fubfiance; and they will be always kept
in motion by his foul, which is ever, and every where prefent with,
and inthem, to direct, regulate and moderate them as abovefaid,
Perhaps ’tiS neceilary that they be circulated anew thro the glorified
organical body, together with the emanations which we may {up-
pole to be extraéted by them, out of thofe bodies that have been re-
generated, and in fome meafure fanéitified by them; efpecially fuch
emanationsas by their operation havebeen {trained out of thofe bo-
dies in fighs, and groans, and pantings, and breathings after Chriii,
in heavenly ejaculations, fervent prayers, and hearty praifes. That

  Io both forts, now intimately united, may by the {aid circulation,

acquire a new degree of purity. .
"Thence I conclude, That the Iammme nature of the blejfid Jefus £4

 

real!) and fuéflantin/1) prcfent inset/er} part of the Univerfe, mm’ 5', in con- ,

jtmftion with /7.73.: Daft}, the Principle of fpiritzml life in all true C/ariflimtt,
by the way here defcribed, or by fome other more excellent. But
if he be fubftantially prefent every-where, much more in the Holy
Sacrament of the Eucharifhthe elements of which he has been pleafed
to call his body and.blood ; and which, as all Chrifiians agree, is
the chief Chanel of his Grace. And therefore the Doéltrine oi’ Con-
fubliantiationrightly underliood, is 1'0 far from being abfurd, that it
feems to be the moi} probable account that can be given of our
union with Chrift in that Sacrament, afierted by Calvin and other
reformed Divines. Lat’: ofall. if this me only be made of the fore-
going explication, not to ridicule or defpife our Brethren for an opi-
nion, which if it be not true, is at leaft as likely to be fo, assany
that we hold 5 then I have as much as I defite.

April, 20”‘.

LET-,

- e _>;g.3.__;

,_, _ . . . . . ..

April, 1693. re;

LETTER XVII.  
To my very good'Frz°e72d Mr.  Gawdy.

ARGUMENT.

That the mode/2‘ puhlzjhing of new Notioh: in Philofiphy is not to

he condemned, provided they he not hurtful. Whether the
Hzffory related in the XI Letter of thefi Memoirs, was a
Vzfloh or a Dream 2 Three‘ thing; that appear certain in thzk
E17} pothefis. T hat the Cre atitm of dzjferertt Orders 0f Spirits,
isnot repugnant to the gaodhefs of God. “ s

.9‘ I R, i

~ Y'Our iobieétions are (0 folid and ingenious that I lhould think my

{elf engag’d to anfwer. them, tho they came from an unknown

hand, but much more now that they are ofi'er’d to me by fuch an

obliging perfon.

You feem to diililte my inferting in thefe Memoirs anHyt>othe-‘
fis, which I call a Vihon or a Dream 5-, hecaufe you thoughtl would

advance nothing but what was detnonfirable. By your leave, Sir,
Iido not defire to be fo narrowly confin d. for matter would quickly

failme. It fuffices, methinks, that I plainly diflinguilh between»

what I intend to prove, and: what I only give out for a probable
coniefiure. Thus I ufe a very different fhle, when I impugn the me‘:

tended infinity and fulnefsof the world, and {hew that motion is‘

impoflible in that hypothefis .- when I endeavour to de{’croy the Vor-

texes of Dér;C'tzrte:, and toallert the eflential gravity of bodies: then»:

when Fptopofe my conjectures about_the caufes of the flood, the
{hortning....of mens lives, andxthe furprizmg efieélts of the divining

Wand? And why fhouldl not be allowed modeitly to publiih my

notions, as well as other Wi'iters, efpecially fuch as meddle with Me-

taphy_fics.and Natural Philofophyg fincetho Iswere.mi{taken,ta.yet they a

"  , - ,

:32

%Bm0i’l35 ft; 1332 lgtigfittiflltfi.

may give fuch hints to others, as may facilitate the difcovery of the

’ Truth. ,1 amfo fromtbeing over-fond of theC’~mefit»m Sy(ieun,that
I believe it erroneous in m‘Oit'Of'1tS aflerttons; however I am confi-A

dent thathad not this great man traced out a new way of l?hilofo-
phizing by his ingenious and coherent guefiings; we {hould Pull be in-

fatuated with the occult qualities and fubiiantial‘l’orm"s of the Pe-

tipatetics.

Butitocomeicloierto-tthe purpofe': As to‘ the matter of {ad}, I

ma’ylafl"ure you that lhave dreatxfd, not the very words of my ‘Xi %

Letter, but fomewhat very like it. E-iowever I am uotfure, whe-
ther there was tomething {upernatural in it, or whether it was a vi—
{ion or dream.

{.3 that the foul whim -I am aileep, does not find a {uflicient quanti-
tyof them to raife ideas and fenhble perceptions, But when lchance
to dr.ea,m, my perzceptions are very clear, and In a manner more feufl

“le than when I am awake. Thus it may have happened, That my a

imagination being overheateelthy an earnefi defire of "unravelling
that great Myilery, the eflential*difi”erence betwixt man andheaét,
my foul gathering upthe remaining fpirits, formed thofe lively ime
prefiions and difcourfes, which I have related. .

  The only difficulty is how we can get new notions in a dream,

~fuPPQling itto bepurely natural, but this difificulty will vfanilh, if.

we coniider,iThat the foulis in lb-the refpeét a free int'elligeut’b'e-
ing, and thather progrgefles in the diiizovery of the truth are ftoppd
chiefly by the weaknefs of her body, and the. di€h'at?tions of external
Obi_€L9:S5.{O[l33.C_ii1 thefleep, when her hody is quiet, and external.

objects leave her undifiurbed; the may more freely’ contemplate ‘ her .

Ideas",‘”and complicate them in {uch arnanner as may unravel great‘
myiieriesg provided always there be a ihfficient quantity of vital‘
fpirits to render her operations fenfible to us. Daily experience con-
firms this conje€tute by theiirange notions we have in our ,dreams. -I
own they are mofi ofrhetn iulignificant : 1. Becaufe the foul itfelf
doesoften mifialte. 241?, Becaufe the vitalfpirits are fometimes too
unruly, and toomuch uslrl to certain motions to obey thecommands

, of the foul. 341$’, Becaufewe do not take care enough to keep our

mind free froth prejudices, and our heart from paffions, to be ina
fit Rate of diicovering the truth during the filence of the night. ‘

i As to th€’H’yp-i)tllE:fiS itfelfi there are three things that appear to
me uncouteliably true, and even demoniirable by Scripture and rea-

gfon. ii. That God created Spirits before bodies. For befides the
teaions I have alledged in the {aid Letter, it maybe added, Thfitt
n . t gt .6

Forldteam very feldom, becaufe Ifpend moi’: of  
my fpirits, whilel am awake, in hard work and firong application:

 

April, r1693. 4   13;

‘the ii'acred’Author defcribes the work o‘EtheCreation,as fucceliive and

begun with the highefi and mofi excellent be.ings.as the light, the fir-
mament,the Prars,e§~c. Now that Spirits, that.is,~thinking, penetrable
andaéiive fuhPcances,are more noble than infenfible, impenetrable and
unaéiive matter, is altogether undoubted. Neither is it lefs plain
that the goodnefs and Wifdom of God, moved him at firfi to cre-
ate fuch beings asfhould bear illulirious charaéters of his perfeéiions,

and might be fenfible of his benehcence.

.2. That fome of th.efeSpirit_s have been difobedient to their Cre-
tor, is atruth clearly revealed in many paflages of the Holy Wrr t.

And thol confels that the manner of their rebellion is not [0 plainly a~

fet down,,nor what kind of punithment they have undergone forit:

yet if we conlider,

3. That God is all wife and immutable, that his Laws are (0 too,
and therefore that-thefe his Laws, at leafi fuch as are the founda-
tion ofall.Societies, are as unchangeable as himlelf .- We mu{’t un-
doubtedly conclude, that that excellent fummary of Morality, to
love God with all our power, and our Neighbors as our (elves, was

i the abridgrnent of all the Laws which God gave to the Spirits at‘

their firfl creation: and that thefe Laws had rewards and puniih-
ments annex’d to them fuitable to the nature, {tare and condition of
thefe Spirits. »

All this,1 hope,will not be deny’d by any Chrifiian Philofopher :
but I own that the-refi of my hypothefis does not carry fo great Cha-

i racfiers of evidence. For inliance, as to what I fuppofe that thefe

fpirits were created different in order and dignity, fome being endur-
ed with highet degrees of knowledge and power than others: it
may be laid that this notion repugns the goodnefs of God, ‘who is
the common Father of all his Creatures, who pours upon them the
treafures of his beneficence with an equal liberality, and puts no dif-
ference betwixt 'em, unlefs he be obliged to it by his juflice.

C However itmay be anfwer’d, r.ThatGod is all-wife as wellas all-.
good, and that his fupream wifdom appearing more fenfibly by an
unimaginable variety of Creatures, than by an uniform Creations:
if this variety can confifi with his goodnefs, it mufi: be the mofi per-—
feéi way, and confequently that which God will chute. -'2. This
variety may be conliiient with his goodnefs, if the pleafure that there
is in the acquilition of knowledge and power. as a reward ofhaving
done our duty, be a fufficient compenfation for a longer enjoyment.
Pray ask thofe who have had the happinefs to difcover fornerevident
trtith, whether they would have been born with that knowledge?
or whether to find out fomethiprg certain and out of the commtén

A ‘ . S s r - . zroa 

 
 

rV?34r fifiemoits for the" filngznious.

road, does notafford a greater delight to £h€it.S_O!Jl, than any things
they are taught by others? Now the lower Spll‘l[S WEfE.DY~OUl‘~ fup-s
paofition, in a capacity of increafing their knowledge by their medi-i

ration, antltheir power was to be augmented in proportion to their
light; fo that they were in a Hate ofenjoymg, alrnoft continually,

the inexprefllble pleafure of‘ making tliiicoveries : and‘ therefore in

rerfpeétof lrappineifs, their condition was not worle, than that of?’

the fuperior Spirits, which is all that a thinking» being can defire.

 The Hypothe is of - the variety of ‘Spirits is not only very rational ..
butfor ought we can judge by the fifate ofthe prefent world itfeemzsr
to berthe-strue one.. For note? to {peak of mfenfible tlungs, whofen

difference can only conlift in the various complication of their parti- ~
cles, we. may obfervelife and fenijbility growmgup by degrees, from:
the.~grafs of the field to the-fenhtive plant, from an Oylier to a

  Mermaid, and from a Worm to an Ape.» Iwoulcl alfo allerdge that

fitrpendousvariery, that is to be found gamongltr men, even of‘the~
fame temper and education; but that I do not defire to engage into «
thatfamotls controver-fy, VVhether this differen-Ce proceeds from their
various conformation of‘ their Organs, or from the different natu‘re~

of their Soul.

I never was more difpleafed atmyt being confin’d to a certairr"

number of Sheets, thanl am now, that my Printers tell me they

have matter over and above; {o th’at=l* am forced ‘to _breal-ruff ab-
rnptly, and todefer the farther proofs of the drfhnéhon of_Spirit$f~
into feveral Orders, and toe anfwerto your other ob_reé’t1ons till anos

tlher ttimet
Apri!,« 2 5 “H

F 1’ Na I.” 

L The CON T E N T S.

Eetrter. "X-IV. xfnem ‘Hyper/refit’ concerning t/cc 0.t€gin ofSpris1g.r,,.t

I or 
Letter XV. Another concervrziiq G'm7xz't]. ' :09»
Letter XVI. /I P/at’/ofap/:z'c4[ Alccozmt ‘ the Om-rzzprcferzce of Ch}-i ’;

/mmzmc Nntpxre.

{getter X.V,;I, Of t};e.S::éordr’mztion 0f\S[71'rz't.s'.'::, 131

Errata; for filarchi

P.,9z.,1.; 3 3. Erlipfe: r. Ellipfiar. p. 98.1. 4 difierid r, defer?;!, 99.:1.?5,6-.’z'n rm Lin 31.1216’;--'.

/

1mummvtiaififyfififlflfifii flfilllllllllllfilllll