T-

A COMPLEAT

J O 

 

R s E  

OF

MECHANICAL, and EXPERIMENTAL

PHIIJO

SOPHY

AND

ASTRONOMY.

'Conlit‘ting of the following PARTS.

TI. MECHANICS; their Principles, the Laws of Mo-
tionand the feveral Operations of Engines fhewn.

.II. ASTRONOMY explain’d by a New and Curious
ORRERY, with a long Tellefcope, and a Re-
fleeting Telefcope for Viewing the Sattellites of
Jupiter and Saturn’s Ring.

III. HYDROSTAT I cs ; explaining the Properties
of Fluids, their Laws rationally demonfirated, and
their Paradoxes, or molt furprizing Phoenomena
fliewn, and experimentally accounted for.

IV. HYDRAULICS ; explaining the Nature of all
Sorts ofPumpwork, by.Models of Glafs and Brafs.

To be perform’d by WILLI A M G R IF F I

V. OPTICS; confidering. zit, Direét Vifion. 2d,
CATOPTRICS, or Reflex Vifion. 3d, Drop-

TRICS, tor Refraéted Vifion, in which the Make A

of the Eye is conlider’d, and difleeted : Magic
Lantern: €9’c.

VI. HPNEUMATICS ; fhewing the Properties of the
Air, and all the Phtrnomena which depend upon
its Preflure and Elafiicity; it’s Rarefaétion and
Condenfation by Engines; the l\/lanuerhow it is
vitiated, and how purified. With great Variety of
Experiments upon the Air-Pump.

S, and to begin as foon as Forty Perifons have i'ub~

fcrib’d one Guinea each. Subfcriptions are taken in at

The Inl’rrument's, which will be made ufe of to illuitrate thefe Experiments, are exceeding curi-ous and
beautiful as well as accurate and compleat, particularly a New ORRERY much improi/’d by himtelf,
and Containing all the Planets both Primary and Secondary: Likewife a curious Refleéiiiig Telefcope
for Viewing _IupitCr’s Satellites and Saturn’s Ring Eszc. A

This Courfe will ccznfifi of Fourteen Leétures, each of which will take up about two Hours, and be
—contrnued at fuch Hours, as {hall be agreed upon by the Majority of the Auuiturs at the firlt Lecture.

 

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E X! P E RIM 1: NT AL P HIL so P HY,“ E92.

HE Defiign ofithis Courfé is nofonly to flziew the principal
Experiments on which Nataral PM/ofopéy is founded, but
alfo to demonfirate thofe Things by Experiments, which have been
found out by Geometrical Recybaiag, which will be ufeful and en-
tertaining, to fuch as» are acquainted with Mathematics; and will
be more particularly to tothofe who are not acquainted tlierewith,

it being Very pollibletthis Way to give a good Notion of the [Va-my

zfcoverie: in Nature, (,whic.hhaVe fo much taken, up the Attention
of the Learned; and employ’d the greateft Genius of every Age).
to fuch asiare unskillid in Mathematical Scsieaces; for Things which
would otherwife be merely fpeculative, are by this Means renderid
bjeéts of the Senfes, and better underflood in a« Month or Six
Weeks, than in a: Year's clofe Application to Books only. And, in:
order to make this Courfe both improving and entertainingto Ladies

as well as Gentlemen, all the Terms of Art willwbe Explain’rd,..and?i=
, every Thingymade. eafy and intelligible.

Exigberimeazsl

   4 J    
Experiments» in M E C -H A I C7S.«

ONC ER N ING Matter.

It’s Extenfion, Divifibility, Solidityi

€56.
Of a Vacuzzm.
The Univerfal Law of Gravitation ex-

splain’d by Experiments» t

Experiments relating to Electrical At-
traction and Repulfion.
The Lawof Cohefion, or the Attrac-

tion of thefmall Parts of Bodies, dedu-B
ced from theAfcent of Fluids in {mail
Tubes and between Glafs Pla.nes;.with'«

Variety of other Experiments.

Magnetic Attraction, fhewn by Expe-
riments with the Load-Stone.

An Artificial Magnet,

Solid Phofphorus.

The furprizing Force of the Cohefion
of Leaden-Balls, tho’.. their Contaéi: be
aery fmall. ‘

Concerning Motion in general‘.

Motion ditPtinguilh’d from Velocity.

Experiments to explain the Nature of,_
andto find the Center of Gravity in all
ifh it from the Cen-‘
ter of Magnitude, and Ce~nter of Motion.

Experiments why Towers, and other

Bodies, andtodifringu

Buildings much inclin’d, cannot fall.

Experiments ofthe Double Cone rol- g

ifing upwards by its own Gravity.

A Cylinder rolling upwards in the fame
Manner-

The rolling Lamp.

A heavy Body, which would fallirfrotn‘

:1 Tabie, hinder’d from falling by adding’

 heavier Body to ifo

Of Machines. W
Of Ballances, which are either Scales;
or Steel-yards.
Spring Steel-yards, y . .
Qffalfe Scales, and the ‘Way to;difco-
ver~.th’em.   ..  r’
Chinefe Ballance fully explain’d.
Ofthe feveral Kinds of Levers.
Of Levers combin’d to propagate Moe-
tion to a Difiance. s
OfPullies fingle and combin’d.
Of the Wheel and Axle- ~
Experiinents to {how the iA‘di’vanta.ge of
great and fmall Wheels in Coaches, and

C other Carriages, and how they may be

Loaded for the greateft eafe to the Horfes;
by. which the=Abfutdit~y of the Common
Methodof Loading will be demonfirated.

Of the Wedge. ‘

Of the Screw.

Of the inclin.«’d. Plane.

The Power of rM.echa.nics,- fhewn by a»-
Complex Machine, made up of all the
fimple Machines. W

Cycloid defcrib’d, and Bodies moving?!-
in that Curve.

A. Model of .a..Crane. _.

A new invented Lewis‘...

A Pile Driver.

Experiments to Ihew the whole 
Pr‘eryof the Feats done by Modern 1’trong*
Men.

Sir I/Zzzzc N€i€7f0729Si :f1rPt Law. of Motion...»  

demonfirated. ;

Experimet1=t’s«:

Es]

Experiments to fiaew, i that the Co-m-
pofition of Forces in feveral Directions
not contrary to each. other, produces a
ne'w’Diret‘.’tion in a Diagonal Line.

An Experiment to flnew, that the Line
of the Relative Afcent and Defcent of a
projected Body, is the fame, Whether
the place from whence ’tis thrown be
continually at Refi, or in continual uni-
form .Motion.

Objections againfl the Motion of the
Earth folv’d from this Principle.

Sir .7/‘zmc Newz‘o72’s Second Lawiof Mo-
tion demonftrated. '

An Experiment to fhew, that the Ve-
locity of falling Bodies, is as the Times
and the Spaces gone through,—, as the
Squares of the. Times of-the falling.

Of the

Time know to what Height a Projectile,
as a Bomb or Cannon Ball, 836. (whether
Shot up directly or Obliqpely) has rifen...
To find the greatefi Randome. of any
Cannon, €9°c.. ‘ ‘ . *

A S[TROi"N .0 ML‘! explaitfdi by a New and much improvid Orrery‘
- Globes, 3996.

 
 

 F‘Circles.their Divifions into De-

ees and Minutes. .

And of the Parallel Sphere.

Of the Earth, it’stAxis, Poles, Merit-«

diian, qfrc. .

The Latitude and Longitude ofPlaces..,

, The’Ptoir1ts,, .Circles,. €9°c. in the Hea-
vens Ct5refp,ondent to thofe in tllc-Ea..I'[l1.~

perpendicular A1"cent'and De.-
‘ {cent of Bodies, and how one may at any

 a.Right Sphere, ofthe. Oblique,
Sphere. . ’

Sir I/Ema Newz‘0n’s Third Law of M03
tion demonfirated.

Flying, Swimming and Rowing ac-
counted -for. ,

How Men or Horfes of unequal
Streng_th,. may. be made to carry or
draw a Burden in Proportion to their-
Strength. , A _

  Of Elallic Bodies.

Experiments concerning Pendvulums.‘

Motion of iP'e"ndulums alterediby Hear
and Cold.

i Center of Ofcillation explained.
Cycloidal Checks for Pendulums. ,
Of the Figure of the Earth, and an»-

Experiment to {how that the,Equatorial‘
Diameter mufi be longer: than-the»Polan

Axis. — l

The Tmpofl“-ibility oféperpetual Motions

explain’d by Models, and how Perfonsr .1

are deceived in the Search after them.

A Pyrometer, being an Infirument to
fhew the Dilation of ‘Metals by Heat to l
the 1o,oooth Part of an-Inch. t. '

l

» How to Reétifie the Globe’ fortanyf“
Latitude. C t ‘

A Defcription of the..Orrery.

Of the Sun in particular, his l‘v'Iibtior.N7
round ‘l‘1lS"AXlS how itis difcovered by then: T
Spots-on his «Difl<:‘.

The~Di~urnal Rotation of tl1etPla»nets’+-i
round their Axis feen by their Spots.

Ofthe Earth’s Motion round her 
and in her Orbit round the Sun. 

{:61

‘f theefltmofphere its Adv~antages:.:;
The Caufe of”TWilight.t

Of the Magellan Clotldsi‘

Of the Trade Winds and Mbnfoonsi
Of the Milky Way. _

How to find the Difiance from the

Earth to the Sun... A
Of the feveral I‘nhabitants> of this

_Earth as to their Shadows as Afcii Am-

phifcii, Perifcii and Heterofcii.
The Seafons of the Peri2eei~Antt1°.c.i.<
and Antipodes-
The Moons Motion round theEarth._
Of the Periodical and SynodicalLunar

Months...

Of theflpparent, Direct, and Retro-
grade Motions of‘ the Planets, and of their
appearing to us fometimes Stationary.

Of the Inferior Planets,yMercury and.

‘Venues.

  Their Periodical 4 Times and ‘Difiances
from the Sun. .
Of the Superior Planets, Mars, Jupiter
and Saturn. /
i ]upiter’s Belts, and four Satellites.
Of Saturn’s Ring and Five Satellites.
By a Lamp to Reprefent the Sun,will
be feen the Increafe and Decreafe of Days
and Nights», according to thelseafon.
The Sun trifling and fetting.
The Eclipfes of the Sun and Moon:
The Situation, Magnitudes andiDif~
tances;
Of all the Planets. in their true Pro-
portion.
Of Comets, 8:0...
The fixed Stars their Difiances and
Number, &c. which willConc.1ude this
C.0urfe.. i

E<I»YDROS%TATIC‘SE

 ‘"I’A‘T."Ii‘CS and Hydrofiaticsr their:
 Ufes defcribid.
Concerning Fluids in general.
That Fluids gravitate upon Fluids of
the fame Kinds.’

That Fluids gravitateeon F1uitis~ofdif- ‘

fercnt Kinds.

That Fluids prefs in all 1‘;/.lannter“ of
Z.Lliz°etiiioris at the fame Time.

That the Qgntity of that l?refi'ure in
 Fluitis is proportionable to the perpen-
i:l.ietilatHeigl1t of the Fluid in all Parts of
the Containing Veffel.

The Hydrometer to afcertain the Ge-a
:t‘t«.:i..nett:e,fs» of Lig,tioi‘s. '

.-

The Fountain ofAttraé’tion.

The Antiguler, or Air—l’ipe.

To raife any given Weiglit by the forcv
of a Man’s Lungs, provided he blow.
through a Hole proportionably frnall.

TheEXpence of ‘Water fpouting from
equal Holes at any given Diftance from
the Surface computed, and fhewn, by an

E:stpet‘inient,. to be as the Square Roots

of thofe Di-fiancee.

Experiments to iliewe» howehigh, and
andevvhy Water will rife in Fountains and
Oblique jets. '

The Hydx‘.ofiatic’Patadox dem.onf’tra-
ted by Experiments. '

 

é1l?urnp.

tn

‘The Curve that Projectiles move in,
on which depends the Whole Art of
Gunnery. , A

That a Pint of »Wat.er.may be made to
*prefs with as great a *Force as feveral
‘Gallons:

Experiments to ‘ilhewsthat Bodies hea-
vier than Water, when weigh’d in?VVater,
lofe as much of Weight as is equal to

vatheir Bulk in Water, and that Bodies

lighter than Water will 10 fvvim in it,
that a Quantity of Water equal in «Bulk

to the Part im'mer{'ed, will the equal in
'Weight to the whole Body.

That upon thefe Principles, Lead, or
any Metal, may be made to fwim S-.«ir::
Water, and even to be railed up by it.

That Cork, or a Body lighter than a
Fluid, will be_kept down, and even den
prefs’d by it.

The Hydrofiatic Balance, to determine
the fpecific gravity of all Solids and Fluids.

Hiero’sFountain.«  

Fountain of Command.

HYDRAULICS-.

‘  N the Syphontor Crane.
* A Model of a=common«or lifting

 

A Model of a forcingtPump.

A l\i/lodel of Archimedes’s Screw for
railing Water.

A ‘Model of a Circular Motion for a

Purnpeawhich works a perpendicularftroke.

A Machine to explain the Reafon why
feveral Pondsrin Eng/mm’ hold Water very
well, ’till they are almolt full, but when
full, do all run our.

The Art of Diving eXplain’d, with Dr.
Hal/ey’s Improvement of the Diving
Bell. .

0 P '1' Io ts;

 Nature ofiVifion and Motion
i" q of Light. _
“Of Catoptrics, or -Reflex Vifion, that

  

‘the Angle of Incidence is equal to that
of Reflection,

O£Dioptrics or’Refra.€ted V ilion, {hew-

‘iiingl how the Rays of Light pafs through
Diaphanous Bodies. A

Of the feveral Images by two .Lool<ing-
“Glades.

Concave, Convex and Plain Mirrors.
A concave Cylindrical Mirror.
Multiplyitig Glafles.
The Difieéiion of the Eye. *
An Artificial Eye.
Experiments to {hew how the (hon;
Sighted, and how old Eyes maybe help'd.
Anarnorphofes, or the Nature ofdiflor-
ted Figures, and the rnaner of drawing
‘theme.
Cylinder

E 3 3
Sir I/Ezczc ~Newz‘a7‘2’s Theory of Liglrt
and Colours. a

Magic Lantern, with T ranfparent,
Opake, and Moving Figures". »

i-’Cyl‘~inder and’P'1€tures. J
A Microfcope. A Refle€tingditto.
Camera Oéféum of feveral Sorts.

Reflefting and Refrat‘.’tin~g T ellefcopes.

1’ Nr“EUMATI:~C S.

’ ONCERNING the Nature ofthe
  .. ‘Airiin general.
That the Denfity and Spring ofthe
Air is as the Forcetrthat Comprehvesiit.
That the Denfity of _the Air clecreafes
according to its Difiance from the Sur-

T face ofthe Earth.

An Inflrument to fhew how the Lungs
ofL.;{?’§nima’ls are affeéted in mzrzmm. 7

ThefEfi“e@; of rarified Air upon the
Life of ‘Animals. « 

The Effeét of vitiated and burnt Air
upon the Life ofAnimals.

Flow Air is Vitiated, and how purified;
with the Nature and Cure of Damps in
Mines. . t
Offulminating and fuffocating Datnjps,
and their Cure.  

That Sound cannot ‘oe'convey’&l with"-

L A out Air.

Experiments to fhew the furprizing
Motion offeveral-Sorts ofLiquor in Vaczzo.
That Fire and Flame are ted by Air.

On the Rife of‘;/Tapotirsein the Air.
their Formation into Clouds, and their
Rfillfiuatloll into Rain. A

The Manner of Cupping explain’d.
Several Experiments, which direfily

prove the ‘Weight, “Spring, and Prcflhre  
,of the Air, by breaking Bottles, Blad;

ders, évc.

Air weigh’d inAir, and Water vvgeiglftl
in Water.

An Infirument that fupports a Lead
Weight by the Air only

Experiiments of the Condenfingvof Air.

The Famous ,EXperiment with the
Brafs Hemifpheres. "S _

The Barometer ~ A

The Thermometer} Explaitfd.

The Hygrometer A

The rifing and falling of the (Quaker

filver in the VVeather-Glafs fully eXplain’d
" and accounted for.

o How to find what Quantity of Air
prelles upon our Bodies at any Time.
An Intlrumesnt to thew the Aétaion of
Breathing.   »
The Air-Pump taken to Pieces and its
Manner ofworking eXplain’d.
With feveral E};p€t“imCl1tSinOt men-

 - ‘

FINIS.

“. 4.41.;-.fl . _
_....._;._‘_._.-

 

 

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