INE7




THE
AMERICAN SKETCH BOOK:
A COLLECTION OF
HISTORICAL INCIDENTS
WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF CORRESPONDING LOCALITIES.
COMPILED AND EDITED BY BELLA FRENCH.
VOLIJiTTB III.
II. NDSOMELY ILLUSTRATTED.
GREEN BAY, WIS.
THE AMERICAN SKETCH BOOK COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.
1876.




Copyright Secured by
Mrs. BELLJA FRENCH,
A. D. 1876.
HOSKINSON & FOLLETT,
Printers,
XREEN BAY, WISCONSIN.




TO THE PEOPLE
WHO HAVE AIDED AND ENCOURAGED THIS WORK
AND TO
THE MEMBERS OF THE PRESS
WHO HAVE BEEN UNREMITTING IN THEIR ENDEAVORS TO PLACE
THE MATTER IN A PROPER LIGHT BEFORE
THE PUBLIC,
BUT FOR WHOSE KINDLY INTEREST
THIS VOLUME WOULD NOT HAVE HAD AN EXISTENCE,
THIS LAST EFFORT OF MINE
IS RESPECTFULLY
DEDICATED.
BELLA FRENCH.








PREFACE.
In placing this volume before the public, the writer desires to say that it is the
work of many months. All published statements, bearing upon the subject, have
been compared and carefully weighed. Documents, musty with age, have been
conned, and old settlers interviewed. For the later history of Brown County, she is
principally indebted to thirty years' files of the "Green Bay Advocate," which have
been placed at her disposal for perusal by the gentlemanly proprietors.
The engravings of this work have been made expressly for it, from photographs
taken for that purpose, at a cost of several hundred dollars. The engraver, Thomas
Robinson, a first-class Boston artist, came West a few years since on account of his
health and settled at St. Paul, where he now resides.
The aim of the author has been to give a truthful history of the past, and an
impartial representation of the present. If any person to whom a place in this work
is justly due, has not been represented here, it is because she has not been afforded
the proper information.
In view of the many contradictory statements that are apt to be made by even
eye-witnesses of any transaction, it is impossible to produce a history that all will
unite in pronouncing correct. It can not even be hoped that such will be the case
with the present volume. The writer can only assure the public, that she has
labored assiduously toward such an end, and trusts that her work will in general
meet with their approbation.








DE LANGLADE.
THE  )IONEER  jETTLER  OF WISCONSIN.
ICHILIMACKINAC, the lake-girt isle,
Where first the morning sun is wont to smile
Before it dro'ps its rays upon the lower earth;
On which they linger last at close of day,
As though a benediction they would say,
Is where our loved Wisconsin's pioneer had birth.'
His father had a noble lineage
Of many ancestors, both proud and sage,
Who were at rest beneath the smiling skies of FranceA younger son, whose fortune was his name,
Come hither, hoping that by wealth and fame,
He might the honor of that noble house enhance.
The mother was an untaught forest childA creature, who was daring, proud and wild,
With lineage as noble as her husband's own;
For here within the land of her nativity,
Related to Nis-so-wa-quet was she,
Who had an undisputed title to a throne.
Young Charles De Langlade in his boyhood proved
A brilliant leader where so e'er he moved.
He learned to scale the rocks and glide upon the waves.
His trusty bow and arrow brought down game
So speedily, that the young hero's name
Became a talisman of triumph to the braves.




12             T'le American  Sketckh  Book.
For on a day when stern defeat had met
Full twice the force of King Nis-so-wa-quet,
A chieftain's spirit sought him in a dream.
"Take with you, King," said he, " De Langlade's boy,
His face shall lead to victory and joy.
Try once again. You're nearer triumph than you seem."
Uprose the king, next morn, and marched to war,
Bearing the child although from danger far;
Yet fill of faith he made the third and last attack
On the resisting village, and so well
That almost instantly it yielded-fell;
And full of honors proud the Ottawas came back.
Back to Michilimacinac, which rung
With gayest notes of triumph.ever sung,
While Charles De Langlade,2 crowned the hero of the day,
Had the assurance that in every fight
His youthful voice should counsel them aright,
His tiny feet should lead them in the better way.
Thence forth upon the war-path marched the lad,
And many victories the chieftains had,
For Fate looked smiling down where the young hero went.
Even his father's daring countrymen
Believed in him so much, that always, when
He bore them company, they moved to war content.
And so the years sped by, and manhood came,
Adding new lustre to De Langlade's name;
When that sweet, lake-girt island home to him grew small,
As he bethought him of a broader land,
Where he could look around, on every hand,
As far as eye could reach, and say he owned it all.
For, in his wanderings he oft had seen
A bay encircled by a frame of green;A swift clear river mingled with the waves of foam;
Beyond, a broad expanse of wood and glade,
Where beaver, mink and deer roamed unafraid,
There he would found a colony and make a home.




lislcry of 6Brown  Couty.                   13
Till now no one had harbored such a thought.
The "fathers," it is true, the savage mind had taught,
And traders here had plied their money-making schemes;
But none had journeyed hither who had not
The hope that future time would cast his lot,
At least his grave, upon the land of childhood's dreams.
A hundred years since white men's feet had trod
For the first time upon the virgin sod,3
Yet fair Ouisconsin's' founder yet must thither roam,
And by unwearying years of patient toil
Must clear the lands and cultivate the soil,
And pioneer a mighty people to their home.
But after all the island of his birth
Was dear to him, though it had lesser worthYes, dearer far than was the land beyond the bay.
Upon those rocks had rested first his sight;
His feet pressed first the beach, wave-washed and white;
There first his infant lips were taught to sing and pray.
The friends who clustered round him in his youth,
And all that loved him still were there forsooth;
Even the maiden who had warmed his youthful heart,
Whom, clinging to her friends and forest life,
He could not take with him and make his wife,
From all of these with few exceptions he must part.
His parents and their other children, too,
Would follow in the path he was to hew,
And at La Baye des Puants' live and leave their graves.
The hour for their departure now was nigh.
Friends gathered on the shore to say good bye,
And their canoes were tossing on the restless waves.
Farewell! Michilimackinac, farewell!
Loved is each rock-bound cliff and shady dell!
Upon the high arched precipice, vine-wreathed
And crowned with evergreens, De Langlade knelt.
Emotions both of joy and woe he felt
While to his native isle, a low farewell he breathed.
2




14             The American  Ske7tch  Book.
The grape-vines twined their tendrils o'er his head.
Below, the wild sweet-briar fragrance shed
Upon the balmy air; and shimmering down,
All broken into spangles by the trees,
That waved their foliage in the summer breeze,
The sunbeams came and rested on his brow-a crown.
Then on the waves where that same sunlight fell
Through crystal waters, lighting every shell,6
Which at the bottom lay, and gilding every fish,
The party went that bonny summer day;
And as the isle in distance sank away,
A bright dissolving view, they breathed a silent wishThat they might make, upon La Baye's fair shore,
A name and fame to last forever moreA wish that had fulfillment in the after time;
For on those rice-grown plains, a city rose,
In wealth and numbers matching some of those
Of the far-distant French imperial clime.
Green Bay! as it in after years was known,
Because of banks by trees and shrubs o'ergrown,
Which o'er transparent waters hung their leaves of green.
Reflected by those waters till the bay
Became distinguishable miles away,
A picturesque as well as most enticing scene!
Green Bay, a city of the coming years,
A land of promise to the pioneers,
Was ever after that De Langlade's dwelling place.7
He tilled the soil and largely dealt in trade,
And many were the brilliant schemes he laid,
That might distinguish yet his noble house and race.
He built his home upon the river side,
Where he could watch the changing of the tide,
Which ebbed and flowed as'regularly as the sea;
Where he could fish, mayhap, and trap his game,
Or with his stores could barter for the same;
And live a life of work, yet one from bondage free.




zistory of Brown  Conty.                     15
Surrounded by the savage bands, he yet
Was ever free from fear and vain regret;
For, knowing of his prowess and his bravery,
The Sauks and Foxes did not dare attack
One who would hurl such speedy vengeance back;
And for this cause, a friend was each Menominee.
And yet the warlike Foxes tribute asked
From each and all who by their village passed,
Which was some thirty-seven miles above the bay,
Upon the river which now bears their name.
The traders paid it with a flush of shame,
Until Morand resolved to do the fraud away.
His trading house was farther to the south,
Not far from the Ouisconsin River's mouth.
By lakes, and bay, and rivers, with the hardest toil,
His goods were carried from on eastern place;
Therefore he Would no more submit with grace,
And so resolved to drive the Foxes from the soil.
He took De Langlade and a trusty crew,
Those who the labyrinths of forests knew;
All going out in bark canoes-a goodly fleet,
They turned their faces to the river's head.
O'er each canoe, a covering was spread,
Like tradesmen's goods preserved from rain and heat.
Dividing near the place, the gallant band,
In part proceeded to attack on land;
While, in the boats, the other forces hidden lay,
Save two, in each, that rowed straight to the shore,
As if to pay their dues, as heretofore,
Then pass, as tradesmen always did, upon their way.
Well planned was the surprise. They took the place,
And gave the fast retreating Foxes chase
(Instead of tribute), till the latter made a stand,
With rallied forces, and a battle fought;
Which for the Foxes only came to naught.
They were defeated and lost many of their band.




16            The American Sketo,  6Book.
As "Hill of Death" from thence the spot was known,
Because of bodies which in heaps were thrown,
And left to moulder in the autumn sun and air.
The Indians made retreat from Butte des Morts,
And built on the Ouisconsin River's shore.
Morand considered it unsafe to leave them there.
Two hundred miles through cold, and drifted snow,
The traders marched, and, laying many low,
Made prisoners of those who were as yet alive.
But pity swelled the captors' bosoms thenThey gave the Foxes freedom once again,
And bade them o'er the Mes-si sip-i thrive.
The French and Indian war next gave a chance
To test the scion of the house of France.
Commissioned by the Government, he sought the field,
Commandant of a force, which he had led
From forest homes, his heart content to shed
Its bright life-tide, before he would the country yield.
To Fort Du Quesne, he and his soldiers went,
And, urging an attack, from thence was sent
To where the Braddock army were in camp at rest,
All little thinking that a stern defeat
Would very soon their mighty forces meet,
And many fall, an Indian arrow in each breast.
Toward the Fort Du Quesne, twelve hundred strong,
Had Braddock's well drilled forces moved along,
So sure of victory, that seven miles away,
All unconcerned, they stopped to rest and dine;
And while as yet they lingered o'er their wine,
They found how fatal to their hopes was their delay.
Now rang the Indian war-whoop through the air
That told the French and Indian troops were thereThat shrill war-whoop that struck the stoutest hearts with awe;
Beaujeu, commander, his French forces led;
The Indians had De Langlade at their head;
And neither knew or followed British battle law.




-listory of rBrow-n  Count.                    17
Fast flew the arrows; bullets fell like hail;
And hearts that were not known to shrink or quail,
Grew cold and silent with Beaujea's surprised attack.
He fell amid the battle's heated toil;
But, loaded with rich stores of British spoil,
De Langlade led the most triumphant army backBack through the sweetness of a summer time,
In beauty bursting on that northern clime;
When, like a paradise, the forests were in bloom;
When crystal brooklets murmured all day long,
In keeping with the birds' unceasing song,
And all the air was redolent with rich perfume!
But to admire De Langlade could not pause,
He was demanded by his country's cause
Again to take the field. Thence forth, in thickest strife,
Through Canada, he led his dauntless braves;
And though while there so many found their graves,
He seemed to have a Providence-protected life.
The story of his prowess crossed the sea,
And so much pleased the king of France, that he
An ensign's full commissions to De Langlade sent.
This gave the soldier new and added zeal,
Such as ambitious bosoms love to feel,
And which a brilliant luster to his daring lent.
Privations often to De Langlade fell;
And of his weary marches, who can tell?
Somnetimes his meals were made of roots, or rattlesnakes;
And oft, with stormy skies above his head,
Worn out and hungry, he would seek his bed
1in some unhealthy swamp upon the crispy brakes.
Still on he marched, and bravely met the foeLaid many of the valliant leaders low.
With that blind worship for his far-off father-land,
Which Frenchmen have, he felt not want or pain,
But, living in the triumphs he might gain,
He nerved to reckless deeds his savage band.




18             T7ze Americarn  SkeOtc7h  Book
Crown Point, also Ticonderoga stood,
Both monuments to his brave hardihood.
But, later on the fatal plains of Abraham,
He met the British forces and defeated fled,
With many wounded and a thousand deadThe victims of a fearless British leader's sham.
Quebec thus fell; with it the Province too.
Since thus it was, what could De Langlade do
But lead his now despondent army home once more?
He loved the cause of his own father-land,
And felt more deeply than his savage band,
Who only loss of gain and plunder could deplore.
But, while he had within Quebec sojourned,
A lesson far more pleasant he had learnedThe one of love. A maiden with such soft-brown eyes
Had looked upon his life and warmed his heart,
Becoming of that life a very part,
Before he dreamed it, as he found to his surprise.
Just in his prime was Charles De Langlade then.
Like a commanding spirit, among men,
He moved and worked, though not in statue large or tall,
His eyes were bright and piercing as the eagle's own,
And black as midnight when upon her throne;
While grace and swiftness marked his motions one and all.
The fair "Lalotte was charmed; yet could but grieve
Her childhood's happy home and friends to leave,
And others seek among the children of the west,
Of whose wild lives she had so often read
That feelings only of misfaith and dread,
As of a most blood-thirsty clan, had filled her breast.
Yet, womanlike, to be her hero's wife,
She would imperil, as she thought, her life,
Consenting at La Baye to cast her future lot;
And with her coming hitherward, must date
The first of women settlers in the State,
In whose patrician veins some Indian blood flowed not.




History of ~Brown  Coounty.                 19
The British were in rule, and British law,
Extended to Michilimackinac;l
And, from that fortress, the commandant sent abroad
An order that the French should all report
To him, by an appearance at the fort;
Which surely was for purposes that all might laud;
Since'twas to gain the people's best good will,
And teach them that they could be happy still.
De Langlade and his consort sought the captain's side;
And; when again they started on their way,
They went with lighter hearts back to La Baye-'The home where unmolested they snight then reside.
The rule was irksome; still submit he must,
For he, as well as brave, was true and just;
And when Chief Pontiac the daring plan had laid
Michilimackinac to massacre,
His truth and pity were at once astir,
And thitherward the journey of the lake he made,
To warn the officer commanding there,
Who of his words took little need or care.
Again De Langlade's warning came; and still again.
Some friendly Indians had disclosed the scheme
Once more within the land to rule supreme,
By storming forts and killing all the Englishmen.
" De Langlade," thus the bold commander spoke,
" I weary of this oft-repeated joke.
Of twaddle of old women, I have had enough.
Against the British there is no design.
The Indians are our friends, I do opine.
So trouble me no more with such unpleasant stuff."
Soon passed away the time that was between
That and the birthday of the British Queen.
That day, outside the fort, at ball the Indians played,
Commemorating thus the great event.
Oft o'er the picketing the ball was sent,
And backward tossed by soldiers who watched unafraid.




20'           aThe Amerii:can JSezch 7 Boo k.
At length, the officer gave out command
To open wide the gates, and let the band
Have opportunity themselves to get the ball.
Ah! sad mistake! The Indians forward sprang
With arms concealed.. Then loud the war-whoop rang,
And thick and fast the Englishmen began to falL
Michilimackinac, why on thy hills
MIust thus the crimson life-tide run in rills?
That kind commandant thus be pinioned to the stake,
The wood made ready, and the torches wait
To end the gallant captain's earthly fate?
But who conies yonder, gliding o'er the glassy lake?
Who but De Langlade and a trusty crew,
Well armed although in numbers few,
Who speedily were landed on the island's shore?
Straight to the officer, De Langlade went,
Nor noticing the Indians' discontent,
But quickly cutting loose the bonds the captives wore,
He said, "My friends, are you displeased with this?
If so, then I will answer what may seem amiss.
The captain's life is mine. Henceforth you deal with me!"
And there he stood, so brave and handsome too,
That every bosom admiration knew,
While most of all swelled his, who was so late made free.
No words were answered back. No arm was raised.
The Indian captors view him almost dazed
With wonder at his daring. His decisive tone
Had in it that they dared not disobey.
They saw their captives being led away,
And yet they gave no sign except an inward groan.
De Langlade added: "Captain Eth'rington,
If you had heeded, as you should have done,
The'twaddle of old women,' warning you in vain,
You would not go to Montreal alone,
Leaving the staunch old fortress overthrown
And nearly all your soldiers numbered with the slain."




HIistory oL f  Browr~   County.               21
With right good will, he shook the captain's hand;
Then chose an escort from his trusty band,
And well supplied with stores sent Eth'rington away.
Then for a time, at least, no British law
Ruled o'er the isle Michilimackinac,
Although it was resumed at some not distant day.
But Pontiac, adhering to his plan,
Upon Detroit a siege at once began;
Though in that war De Langlade would not take a share,
Since deeming it both useless and unjust.
Defeat soon came as well he knew it must;
And Peace again smiled on the hills and valleys fair.
As years sped by, increasing stores of gain,
De Langlade liked the more the British reign,
And yielded most implicitly to all their laws;
And, when the colonies a war declared,
The British neither work nor trouble spared
To win the influential hero to their cause.
No wonder he, a fiative of the west,
So far removed from eastern interest,
Should fail to give the colonies his sympathy.
He surely did not realize that they,
With almost hopeless toil, would pave the way
Toward a mighty nation's future liberty.
We sorrow that Wisconsin's pioneer,
By better foresight, did not help to rear
The everlasting monument to Freedom's name,
To the inquiring world a guiding light,
And thereupon in shining glory write
The matchless story of his deeds and fame.
But so it was. True to the British sway,
With rallied troops, he quickly made his way
To join the forces, stationed on Canadian ground.
And through the many, long, eventful years,
Of triumphs and defeats, of hopes and fears,
Was never recreant to truth and duty found.
3




~22        T^~e A mericcanz  2elcz i ock:.
Though in that war no records gave his name
Within an everlasting wreath of fame,
Since those of the defeated do not thus descend,
He was rewarded by the Government
Of Britain, by a pension yearly sent,
And by a gift of lands when war was at an end.
Nor did the new-fledged nation quite forget
How influential was De Langlade yetNot more in times of war than he would be in peace.
The forest sons, through battles, he had led;
And now that peace again its luster shed,
It was not fitting that his work and rule should cease.
He took command of Indian affairs,
Sharing with them their pleasures and their cares,
And working always for their best and highest good.
Slowly did trade and commerce take the place
Of battle triumph and exciting chase,
And of the weary marches through the pathless wood.
The years sped on. Around him at La Baye"
The colony grew larger, dlay by day.
His daughter's children often clustered at his knee,
To listen to the story of his life,
Which had been so eventful-full of strife.
And of privation, yet from all dishonor free.
He lived again the battles of the past,
Yet was regretful to the very last,
That he had not participated in one more,
And thus for him an even hundred" made.
(Engagements they had been -of every grade
From forays up to conflicts red with human gore.)
He was by rich and poor alike revered;
Loved by the good and by the evil feared.
And as a mark of honor, every first of May,
(Canadian custom) was a flag-pole raised,
And many of his deeds rehearsed and praisedAll with salutes of musketry throughout the day.




listcry of Br7' Zn  GOct72V.                 23
So peacefully his moments glided on,
That there were signs of the approaching dawn,
Before he really knew that night had yet appeared.
But faith in his religion gave him strength
To meet the mighty conqueror, at length,
As fearlessly his hundredth battle-field he neared.
The knell of eighteen hundred had been rung;
The requiem of a dying century sung;
The world was ushering the bright successor in,
When Charles De Langlade looked his last on earth,"
And in another sphere than this had birth,
Where it is hoped there is no strife or battle-din.
They laid the casket where the leafy trees
Bowed their proud heads in answer to the breeze;
And flowers wreathed their brilliant colors o'er the place.
To-day a city's eager people tread
Where lay the sacred ashes of the dead,
And e'en the spot, thus honored, few can tell or trace.
Long years have fled toward the misty past;
Since then our land has known the war-storm's blast;
Two generations since have lived, and loved, and died;
Great cities stand where then the forest child
Entrapped his game in thickets, dense and wild,
And homeward bore the trophies of the chase with pride.
Since then the native children, one by one,
Have slowly moved toward the setting sun.
While sighing for the homes and haunts they once held dear,
They read their doom in every cloud and star,
In spring's soft wooing and in winter's warA remnant only left to-day of what they were.
All things are changed. The waters fall and rise
Beneath the gaze of many thousand eyes;
The green encircled bay is white with dancing sails,
While landward, far and near, the ceaseless strife
Of wholesome labor and of busy life
In their beloved ancient homes and haunts prevails.




24                   The American  S~etc,, Cook;
Great mansions proudly rise on either shore,
Where only wigwams were in days of yore.
Only the flowers, blooming in each nook and dellThe sweet wild flowers of the olden time;
Only the wild birds' ever merry chime,
Are left the same, of all they knew and loved so well.
The relics of the past are in decay;
Another people own the lands to-day;
And every where the word  PROGRESSION" is engraved;
But still a name, most dear to memory,
De Langlade's is and ever more will beA  noble name by History's bright annals saved.
EXPLANATORY NOTES.
I. Born at Mackinaw in 1724.
2. He was ten years. old at the time.
3. Nicolet had visited the bay in 1689.
4. So Wisconsin was formally spelled.
5. Bay of the Winnebagoes-Green Bay.
6. The water at Mackinaw is remarkable for its transparency.
7. He settled at Green Bay in 1745.
8. The ebb and fow of the tide in Fox River have been noticed since the advent of the earliest
pioneers.
9. The following is a copy of De Langlade's Commission from Louis XV. The original is still
in existence;
DE PAR LE ROY.
Sa Majeste ayant faitchoix du Sr. Langlade pour servir en qtalite de Lieutenant reforme a
la suite des troupes entretennes en Canada. Elletnande au Gouverneur son Lieutenant
general de la Nouvelle France de le recevoir et de la faire reconnoitre et la ditte qualite de
Lieutenant reforme detous ceux et ainsy qunil apartiendra.
Fait a Versailles le pr. fevrier 1760.
LOUIS,
L.S, S
-   "Enregistreau Bureau de controlle dUt la marine dela Nouvelle France fait
a Montreal le seize Juin mil Sept cent soixante.          DEVILLERE,
1'. Charlotte Bourrassa of Montreal.
11. Mackinaw-pronounced In the olden times Mishilimackinaw,
12. Green Bay.
13. He had been in ninety-nine engagements,
14. He died in January, 1800,




HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY,
W I S C ONSIN.
CHAPTER I
THE MISSION AT DE PERE.
"~j.T)HE country bordering Green Bay was first visited by a
~   [ i"   white man in the person of Jean Nicolet, interpreter and
commissary of New  France, or Canada, by which govern-ment he was sent in 1639* to conclude  a peace with the
Indians farther west.  He came to the land of the "men
of the  sea"  (Winnebagoes) and  entered  into  friendly relations
with them.  Then he explored  Green Bay and the Fox River,
crossing the Portage and descending the Wisconsin River.  About
one hundred years previous to this, Ferdinand De Soto had explored
the Mississippi from its mouth nearly to the confluence of the Missouri; and his descriptions of the river had given the opinions that it
took its rise far away to the north from some lake or sea. Sure it is
that Nicolet knew of its existence, since he affirmed that three days
sail down the Wisconsin would have taken him to the sea, having
mistaken the Indian appellation of "great water" as meaning something larger than a river.  Thus it is that Nicolet seems to have been
the first to reach the waters of the upper Mississippi, and that as early
as 1639. Without pushing his explorations farther, he returned to
Quebec, from whence he went, in 1642, to Three Rivers to rescue a
captive from some Algonquins.  On the way, a storm  came up and
his frail boat was capsized.  He was unable to swim and consequently
lost his life.
*In view of the contradictory statements of historians, the writer desires to inform her
readers that the information contained in this chapter is derived fcrm records made by he
Fathers themselves-viz: Nicolet, Allouez, Marquette and Hennipin.




26             The American   SEtetfz (Booc.
Excited by the reports of Nicolet, the Jesuit missionaries decided to
explore the country and reach the Pacific Ocean, planting the standard
of the cross as they went along; but the Iroquois war broke out and
obliged them to abandon all hopes of reaching the far west for a time.
Still anxious to establish a belief in the Catholic faith upon the shores
of the great lakes, they, in 1660, founded a mission at Chequamegon
(Che-go-ime-gon). It was situated at the southwestern extremity of
Lake Superior, near the Bayfield of to-day and at the place now
known as La Point. This mission was in the charge of Father Claudius Allouez, who baptised into his faith a large number of the natives.
But the Indians of La Point, after a time, migrated to other parts of
the country, a large portion of those under the charge of Father
Allouez, choosing the Green Bay region for an abiding place; which
turned the priest's attention this way.
Father James Marquette, in 1667, was sent to establish a mission at
Sault St. Mary's. Here he was joined a year later by Father Dablon
and by their united exertions a church was built at that place.
The next year, Father Claudius Allouez, following his converts,
made a visit to Green Bay region and founded a mission at what is
now De Pere. He said his first mass on the day of St. Francis Xavier,
December 3rd, 1668, and called the mission by that name. The succeeding spring, he explored the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, the latter of
which, he wrote, "leads to the Messi-sipi," showing that he, too, had a
knowledge of the "great water."
Father Allouez reported the Indians of the Bay as numbering about
six hundred at the time of his arrival. They were largely engaged in
agricultural pursuits and seemed intelligent and happy.
The reports, which Nicolet and others had circulated concerning
the advantages to be derived by a fur trade with the Indians, in and
bordering New  France, led speculators to the wild and trackless
country, and many, even of the French nobility, left home to invest
their fortunes in the new world. According to Marquette's own statement, the governor of the province, knowing the importance of a
passage westward to the sea, selected M. Jolliet to find such a passage
and Father Marquette to bear him company. It had long been the
desire of Marquette to explore the Mississippi, and his joy at the permission was unbounded. They left Mackinaw in two frail canoes and
arrived at Green Bay in June, 1673. Passing, through the Fox and




History of rro-n  Counts.                     27
Wisconsin rivers, they reached the great Mississippi on the 17th of
the same month. To Marquette, history has given the honor of having
discovered the Mississippi. He died in 1675, near the river bearing
his name.
Father Allouez had associated with him at his mission at Rapide
des Peres, Father Andre. The latter's chapel and home was destroyed
by fire some time during the year 1674. But they continued their
labors with unabated zeal, living in their canoes, toiling in sunshine
and storm, in the winter chill and the summer heat.
In 1676, Father Allouez was appointed to fill the place among the
Illinois Indians left vacant by Marquette's death, and Father Albanel
took the post at Green Bay.  Here, he with the  assistance of
Nicholas Perrot, a trader, erected a church to take the place of that
which had been destroyed. This was not far from where the stone
grist mill in De Pere now is.
In 1679, La Salle, Henry De Tonty and Father Hennipin made a
tour of the lakes and stopped off at the St. Francis Xavier Mission.
Their vessel, the "Griffin," was probably the first to plow the waters of
Green Bay and Fox River. They loaded it with furs and sent it on a
return trip by the crew; but it was lost in a storm before reaching its
destination. The explorers continued their journey in canoes.
Hennipin and De Tonty returned to the Bay in 1680, and the same
year, the latter established a military post at this point. Later, Lieutenant Duluth took charge of the post. Soon after his advent, the
English began to contend with the French for the possession of the
Northwest; the Indians took sides in the action and the missionaries
were obliged to suspend their labors. The devotion of the latter to the
interest of their -faith was most perfect. Their unselfish labors have
left for them an imperishable record upon the annals of time; and the
self-sacrificing spirit manifested by them is a bright example to those
who have come after them.
Up to 1830, or later, the old foundation of the edifice occupied by
the "Fathers" was still visible. Old settlers say that rosaries, crosses,
etc., were found there-about at even a later date. Before the foundation was leveled and covered over, others had come to continue the
history begun by the "Fathers" at De Pere.
That there must have been French traders here at a very early day
is evident from the fact that Father Hennipin who passed through the




28                lrTe Anmericxn sfecJ  CBook.
country in 1680 says: "We arrived safely at the extremity of the Bay
of the Fetid where we found Frenchmen trading contrary to orders,
with the Indians."
The Indians, whom the Fathers found in this section of the country,
were the Sacks or Sacs, the Foxes, the Menominees, Winnebagoes and
the Mascoutens.  The Winnebagoes were on the shores of Green Bay.
They had come from the salt water marshes in the far west, and were
probably a branch of the Sioux.  From  them, Green Bay was at that
time called the Bay of the Fetid, or Baye des Puants.*  Later it was
known as La Baye.  Having settled on ground already occupied, they
paid annual tribute to the Menominees.
The following copied from  the Journal of Marquette will give the
reader some idea of Green Bay and of the Indians that inhabited the
country over two hundred years ago.  The remarks in parenthesis are
inserted by the writer of this history.
With all these precautions, we made our paddles play merrily over a part of
Lake Huron, and that of the Illinois (Lake Michigan) into the Bay of the Fetid.
(Green Bay.) The first nation we met were the Wild Oats (Menominees.) I
entered the river to visit them, as we have preached the gospel to these tribes for
some years past so that there were many good Christians among them.
The wild oats from which they take their name, as they are found in their
country, are a kind of grass, which grows spontaneously in little rivers with slimy
bottoms and in marshy places. They are very like the wild oats which grow among
our wheat. (These wild oats are known to the English as wild rice.) * * *
I informed the people of the Wild Oats, of my design of going to discover distant
nations to instruct them in the ways of our holy religion. They were very much
surprised and did their best to dissuade me. They told me that I would meet
nations that never spared strangers, but tomahawked them without provocation;
that the war had broken out among various nations on our route, exposing us to
another evident danger; that the Great, River is dangerous, unless the difficult parts
are known, and full of frightful monsters that swallowed up men and canoes
together; that there is a demon there that can be heard from afar and stops the
passage of all who dare approach; lastly that the heat is so excessive in those
countries that it would certainly cause our death.
But Father Marquette did not heed their warnings.  After explaning this, he goes on to say:
I left them and, embarking in our canoes, we soon reached the extremity of the
Bay of the Fetid where our Fathers labor successfully in the conversion of these
*The French always translated Indian names into their own language. This was done
inordernot to excite the suspicion of the Indians by mentioning their names, so as to be
understood, when speaking of them.




Eistory  of   nro-w;"  COuntv.                      29
tribes and have baptised more than two thousand souls since they have been there.
The bay bears a name that has not so bad a meaning in Indian language, as they
call it Salt Bay rather than Fetid Bay, although among them it is almost the same,
and this is the name also given to the sea. This induced us to make exact
researches to discover whether there were not in those parts some salt springs, but
we could not find any. We accordingly concluded that the name was given on
account of the quantities of slime and mud there, constantly exhaling noisome
vapors which cause the loudest and longest peals of thunder that I ever heard. The
Bay is about thirty leagues long and eight wide at the mouth. It narrows gradually
to the extremity, where it is easy to remark the tide, which has its regular flow and
ebb almost like that of the sea. * * * * We left this bay to enter a river
emptying into it. It is very beautiful at its mouth and flows gently. It is full of
bustards, duck, teal and other birds, attracted by the wild oats of which they are
very fond. But when you have advanced a little up the river, it becomes very
difficult, both on account of the currents and of the sharp rocks which cut the
canoes and the feet of those who are obliged to drag them, especially when the
water is low. For all this, we passed the rapids safely, and as we approached the
Maskoutens, or Fire nation, I had the curiosity to drink the mineral waters not far
from this town.
4




30            Tle Amrner'can  S07tci Coo'k
CHAPTER II.
THE OLD FRENCH FORT AND THE COLONY AT GREEN BAY.
ON May 8th, 1689, Perrot, commissioned by the\ Government of
Canada, took formal possession of Green Bay and the bordering
country in the name of the king of Prance, and established a port on
the west side of the Fox River near its mouth.
From that time up to the opening of the eighteenth century, history
makes little mention of transpiring events.
About the year 1700, the Indians became hostile and cut off the
communications of the Green Bay post from the other posts, both east
and west. This led to a war of the French with the Indians, which
though it lasted several years was productive of good results in
opening up the country to the whites.
Father Charlevoux and Captain De Montigny were appointed in 1721
to take charge of the post. On their arrival they found that Father
John Baptiste Chardon had a chapel at Baye des Puants about
a mile and a half from the mouth of the river. (In 1802, a silver
remonstrance was dug out of the earth, near the site of the chapel,
bearing the name Nicholas Perrot and the date 1686. It is in
the possession of the church at Green Bay.) The former and other
missionaries now recommenced religious labors among the Indians,
but a war with the Foxes finally put a stop to their operations.
Several expeditions against the Indians were made in the eighteenth
century, by the French Government to punish the acts of barbarity,
perpetrated by the natives upon Frenchmen. They were as follows:
De Louvigny's, in 1716; De Lingery's, 1728; and De Villier's, in 1730.
In 1746, Capt. Morand, a native of France and a trader, conducted an
expedition against the Foxes, who at that time were located on the
Fox River, some thirty-seven miles from the bay; and after two or
three battles, succeeded in driving them from the soil. (Charles De
Langlade was in the latter expedition.)
Augustine De langlade and his son Charles, in 1745, emigrated from
Mackinaw and settled on the east side of the Fox River, a little above




istscry of  ro:zn   C:unvty.               31
and opposite the French fort. Along with them, or soon after, came
Augustine De Langlade's son-in-law, M. Souligny and wife, M. Carron,
an Indian trader, and two or three others. Augustine De Langlade
opened a store and began to trade with the Indians. Most of the
latter were friendly, but one band frequently threatened to break open
the store and help themselves. Charles De Langlade, who seems to
have been possessed with a spirit of daring, always answered their
threats by saying pleasantly: "Well, my friends, if you have come to
fight, we will cross to the prairie on the other side of the river, and
have a little fun." But they never took up with the offer.
About the year 1746, Lammiot, a French blacksmith located at Green
Bay, and was murdered, soon after his arrival, by an Indian. A quarrel
between him and an Indian occurred concerning an ax. Lammiot
grabbed the Indian by the neck with a pair of hot tongs and
the Indian knocked him senseless by a blow of the ax. Lammiot
was taken up for dead, but was finally restored to consciousness. He
was in a fair way to recover, when a friend of the Indian, whom he
had burned, asked to see hif. and, on being permitted to approach his
bed, stabbed him to the heart with a knife. When asked why he did
so, the Indian replied that he wanted to put the blacksmith out of his
misery. The murderer escaped without being punished.
Capt. De Velie, -who had been commanding the fort, was not long
after this relieved by the arrival of a new officer who brought instructions that De Velie should demand that the Fox Indians living with
the Sauks should be given up. The request was complied with except
in one instance: A Sauk woman, who had adopted a Fox boy, refused
to surrender him; where upon De Velie became enraged and shot
three of the Sauk chiefs. He was stopped in this uncalled-for slaughter by a Sauk boy, twelve years old, who shot him dead. The settlers
were enraged at the murder of De Velie, provoked though it had been,
and upon the arrival of re-enforcements at the garrison, an attack was
made upon the Sauk village and a battle ensued. Several on both
sides were slain. But the Sauks retreated before the steady fire of the
French, and fleeing to the Wisconsin River, located at Sauk Prairie.
The successor of De Velie was probably Capt. De Vorchieres, whom
we find commanding at the fort in 1747. In 1756, upon the breaking
out of the French and Indian war, Captain Dumas was in command.
He concluded a peace with the Illinois Indians in behalf of the traders




32              TIe American  Sketch (Bco 7.
of the posts. This year, Charles De Langlade raised a strong army of
western Indians, whom he was commissioned to command, and set out
to defend Fort Du Quesne. The next year, he -served under General
Montcalm in the capture of Fort William Henry.
In 1758, a party of hostile Indians made an attack on the fort at
Green Bay, killing eleven Frenchmen and plundering the store-house.
But the commandant escaped.
Mean while the contest between the French and English progressed,
culminating in 1759 by the defeat of the former and the passing of
Canada into the hands of the latter. De Langlade was ordered by the
French Government, September 3rd, 1760, to conduct the Canadians
under his command to Mackinaw and the Indians to their several villages; and in October, 1761, the British took possesion of Green Bay.
The fort which was fast falling to decay was repaired and called Fort
Edward Augustus. It was placed under the command of Lieutenant
James Gorrell. Two years later, during the Pontiac war, it was abandoned, because deemed insufficient to withstand the attacks threatened
by the Indians. It was re-occupied by thl3ritish under Capt. Howard
in 1764.
While at Montreal, as an officer of the French army, Charles De
Langlade formed an attachment for Miss Charlotte Bourassa, the
daughter of a wealthy physician, of a noble family, -whom he marriedThe fruit of this union was two daughters, Lalotte who died young
and Domitelle who was born in 1763. While the latter was an infant,
Pierre Grignon lived with her parents, and was at that time a lad of
eighteen, so very bashful that he could not be induced to kiss the baby,
though her mother urged it repeatedly. "You may as well kiss her
now, Pierre," Mrs. Langlade would say, "because you shall never have
any other wife." And so it proved, for little Domitelle married Pierre
Grignon, when she was only thirteen years old.
In September, 1766, Captain Jonathan Carver passed through Green
Bay enroute for the Falls of St. Anthony. The fort at that
time was known to the French as Baye des Puants or La Baye.
Carver describes it as surrounded by a stockade, much decayed; and it
was deserted, or nearly so, only a few families residing within the
walls. Opposite, on the east side of the river, were some French
settlers who cultivated the land, and who seemed in comfortable
circumstances.




History of (Brown  County.                  33
Lieut. Gov. St. Clair, of Canada, in 1780, purchased a large part of
the Northwest, including the Green Bay region, of the Indians; and
in 1787, the great Northwest Territory was established embracing
what is now Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and all of the
country west of the Mississippi and north of the Missouri rivers.
Upon the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, the French at
the Bay took sides with the enemy, and Charles De Langlade joined
the British army. During the occupation of the fort by the English,
the people had grown to like the conquerors next to their own nation
and were willing to fight in the British ranks. Beside this, their
unprotected situation made it necessary for them to ally themselves to
the ruling party.
The settlement at this time numbered but fifty-six persons all told,
children and employes included, and comprised but seven families, viz:
the De Langlade's; the Grignon's; the Brunet's; the Roy's, two
brothers, Amable and Joseph; and the La Dukes. Beside, there was
a single man by the name of Marchard who kept a store.
Pierre Grignon went to Montreal in 1778, and brought to the Bay
ten mechanics'and artisans whom he employed in their different
branches. At that time, a company of traders operated at Green Bay
under the firm name of McBeath, Grant & Co., who in 1787 sold out
to Pierre Grignon.
James Porlier settled in Green Bay in 1791, as a clerk to Pierre
Grignon, Sr., and a teacher for the children. Later he went into
company with Amable Rochebleve in the fur trade.  He was afterward a Justice of the Peace and Captain of the Militia of Green Bay
under the British Government. In 1819, he was appointed Ensign of
the Militia by Gov. Cass. In 1820, he was commissioned Chief Justice
of Brown County, and, in 1822, Judge of Probate. To fit himself for
his judicial position, he translated the Revised Laws of Michigan Territory from English into French. Up to 1836, he held positions of
trust and won the entire confidence of all who knew him for his
honest dealings. Some years before his death, one half of his body
became paralyzed. He died in 1839, aged seventy-four years. His
descendants reside at the Bay.
In the early times, the Indians made slaves of the captive Pawnees,
Osages and Missouries, and, as they often sold or gave away those




34             The Americazn Se~keclt  Bock.
captives, all of the French owned native slaves. Augustine Grignon
mentions the fact of there having been two African slaves at the
settlement. The Indian slaves liked the French, and made the latter
good servants. But the Indian masters treated their slaves with great
severity, beating and often killing them for the most trivial offenses.
Of the African slaves, Brunet owned one, a boy, whom he used to beat
so cruelly that Mr. Campbell, an Indian agent, on hearing the facts,
took the negro away from him.
The post at Green Bay with the surrounding country was relinquished to the United States, by the British, July 1st, 1796. In 1800,
Indiana Territory was organized, including what is now Wisconsin.
At the close of the war, Charles De Langlade was appointed Indian
Agent at Green Bay by the United States Government, and continued
to act as such as long as he lived. He died in January, 1800, and was
buried by the side of his father who had departed this life in 1771.
His exploits are more fully noted in other pages of this work, and to
them the reader is referred. It will not be out of place here, however,
to speak more fully concerning the De Langlade and Grignon families,
since they were the pioneer settlers of Wisconsin. Augustine De Langlade was born at Orleans, in 1695, and belonged to the family of the
Count of Paris. In early life, he served in the French Marine, as is
shown by a copy of his commission which is still in existence.
While yet a very young man, he resolved to seek his fortune in New
France, where he engaged in the Indian trade. About 1720, he
located at Mackinaw where he married. His wife was related to King
Nis-so-wa-quet of the Ottawa nation, on.her mother's side, and her
father was a rich trader of Saganaw Bay. By this union, there were
five children, Agate, Charles, and two sons and a daughter whose
names are not remembered. The younger daughter became the wife
of Mr. De Verville and mother of one son, Gautier De Verville, who
married Miss Chevallier, of Mackinaw. By the latter marriage there
were two daughters, the elder of whom  married Captain Henry
Monroe Fisher, and the younger, Michael Brisbois-both prominent
and useful men. Mrs. Henry S. Baird and Mrs. Gen. Dousman are
daughters of Captain Fisher. Charles De Langlade and Gautier De
Verville were both commissioned as captains during the Revolutionary
War, by the English, but no American expeditions being made against
the Northwest, were not cailed into active service.




History of Br von  COx27ty.                   35
Pierre Grignon was the grandson of a Governor Grignon of Bretagne,
France, and of a daughter of Madam De Sevigne, whose name is
somewhat familiar to the literary world. By his marriage with Miss
De Langlade, he became the father of nine children: Pierre Antoine,
Charles, Augustine, Louis, Baptist, Domitelle, Marguirite, Hypolite
and Amable. He died in 1797, two days previous to the birth of his
youngest child. His wife survived him many years, and is remembered as a most exemplary woman and the friend of the people.
While without chances for public religious worship, her house was a
sanctuary, where rich and poor often congregated for services. She
was married to her second husband, John B. Langevin, in 1806.
Pierre Grignon had educated two or more of his children at Montreal
and was intending to finish the education of the others there, but
death frustrated his plans. His sons, Pierre Antoine and Louis, settled
at Green Bay and their descendents reside here.
Among the early settlers was John B. Jacobs, who came about the
year 1800. He was an Englishman of high birth and had, in joint
ownership with his brother, large possessions of land in Lower Canada,
a castle and a retinue of servants. The brother disposed of the greater
part of the property in a way that deprived John of its benefits. The
latter then came to this section of the country and engaged in the
fur trade. While here, he married Miss Marinette Chevallier, and by
this marriage became the father of four children, only two of whom
are now living-John B. Jacobs, of Green Bay, and Mrs. Elizabeth
Me Leod, of Menominee, Mich. In 1826, he returned to Canada in
hopes to regain his possessions, but failed to do so. He died there in
1850. His son, John B. Jacobs, is an influential citizen of Green
Bay-a man of more than average intelligence and highly respected
by the entire community.
The year following Charles De Langlade's death, his sister, Madam
Roy (formerly Madam Souligny) also died, and her husband survived
her by about one year. Madam  Roy planted the first apple tree
raised in the country. It was a large bearing tree at the time of her
death.
The first Justice of the Peace of Green Bay, was Charles Reaume.
He solemized a few marriages, but the greater portion of the people
dispensed with his services. His commission, it is said, was only for
five years, but he continued to act as magistrate until 1818. His




36             The Arnerican  Sketcsz 3Bco7J.
decisions were always governed by caprice or interest; and he was not
held in very high esteem  by the people. Speaking of him, MrsKinzie in her work says: "There was an old Frenchman at'the Bay'
named Reaume, excessively ignorant and grasping, although tolerably
good natured. This-man was appointed Justice of the Peace. Two
men once appeared before him, one as plaintiff, the other as defendant.
The Justice listened to the complaint of the one, and the defense of
the other, then rising with dignity he pronounced his decision:'You
are both wrong.  You, Boisvert,' to the plaintiff,'you bring me a
load of hay; and you, Crely,' to the defendant,'you bring me a load of
wood. Now the matter is settled.' "
A case, witnessed and told by the late John Dousman, still farther
illustrates the character of Judge Reaume. Joseph Houll was the
complainant and the case was clearly in his favor; and it was so
decided. Dousman to try the Judge, said to him. "Now that the case
is decided, I will say that I am surprised at your decision. You ought
in justice to have decided in favor of the defendant."  The Judge
immediately called Houll back. "How did you understand the decision?" he asked. "I won," replied Houll. "Yes, you won to pay
costs," said the Judge, showing how easily he could be changed in his
opinion. Houllisstill living (in 1876) at West De Pere, and is one
hundred and five years old.
The first mills in this part of the country were three miles east of De
Pere. They were erected in 1809, by Jacob Franks, who first built a
saw mill and afterwards a grist mill. Previous to this, however, Pierre
Grignon, Jr., had put up a horse-mill which had been a failure; and not
long after the erection of Frank's mills, he built a second mill near
where the Adams street bridge now is, which also proved a failure on
account of the scarcity of water, at that point, and the smallness
of the stones.
Jacob Franks  came to Green Bay, in 1795, as a clerk for
a Mackinaw trading house firm, who had a store at this place. Two
years later,'he went into business for himself taking into his employ a
nephew, John Lawe. The house, after a career of several years,
became the property of the later, afterwards Judge Lawe. John Lawe
was a native of England. He was a shrewd successful man, and
carried on a smart business at Green Bay as long as he lived. He was
soon after the organization of Brown County, appointed Assistant








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HiMstory onf (rowz     County.                41
Judge of the county. He died, Feb. 11, 1846. His wife was of
English and Indian extraction and was the mother of a large family
of children, who settled in the vicinity of Green Bay. Previous to her
marriage with Judge Lawe, she had been the wife of Louis Grignon,
according to the custom of the times and had parted from him. This
led to the tradition which declares Lawe and Grignon to  have
exchanged wives.
After the death of Augustine Langlade, Augustine and Pierra
Grignon, Jr., continued the trading house business of the former, for
many years.
Upon the breaking out of the war of 1812, some of the French and
a large number of the Indians, allied themselves to the British cause.
Col. Dickson with a party of Sioux, arrived early in the year and was
joined by Tomah and about one hundred Menominees. Oshkosh and
some other chiefs were along. This party moved to Mackinaw, and
took possession of that fort. Later, an expedition was planned against
Prairie du Chien, and the charge of it confided to Lieut. Col. William
Mc Kay. Me Kay came with his forces to Green Bay, and tarried
awhile to gather more recruits. A company of Militia was raised, of
which Pierre Grignon was commissioned as captain. This commission, which the writer has seen, bears the date of June 27, 1814, and
is signed by Lieut. Col. Robert Me Douall, then stationed at Michilimacinac. As the history of the expedition is not materially connected
with that of Brown County, it is not given here. On February 12th, of
the next year, (1815) Pierre Grignon was recommissioned as Captain
of the Militia at Greeu Bay, and also Justice of the Peace, by the
same Lieut. Col. Mc Douall. (Mr. P. B. Grignon, who has the come
missions in his possession, has hitherto refused to show them to any
one, feeling that the fact of having allied himself with the English
might reflect unpleasantly on his father's memory. But it ought not
to be so considered, since the colony at Green Bay, having been under
three governments, in the space of one generation's lifetime, and also
being far removed from the interest of the East, could not have been
expected to feel the patriotism for the newly fledged nation of others
not similarly situated.)
Louis Grignon was also commissioned by Rob't Me Douall, as a
lieutenant in the Militia, as early as 1812. In 1825, he was appointed
6




42               tze.  Azmerica - Skeic;&  6Boo7.
Justice of the Peace, by Lewis Cass, and served until the time of his
death which occurred in 1839.
For over a century, fur trading had been the principal business of
the people, when, in 1783, the famous Northwest Company was formed,
which, for many years, held sway over a large region of the county.
Their head quarters were at Montreal, and they had agents all over
the Northwest.  Later, some British merchants started the Mackinaw
Company, and their field of operations was south of their rivals.  The
Green Bay Company  was in  existence in  1800. This company
consisted of Pierre A. Grignon, Judge Porlier and Augustine Grignon.
In 1802, Louis Grignon became a partner of the firm.
John Jacob Astor, in 1809 organized the American Fur Company,
himself constituting the company.  He afterward bought in with
other companies, and finally bought them all out, establishing his
head quarters at Mackinaw.  In 1815, through his influence, Congress
passed ail act, prohibiting foreigners from  trading in the Indian
country; and about the same time, through the same influence, the
Secretary of War designated certain points for trade; and licenses were
confined to those localities, so that the adventurer was permitted to
trade only at places already occupied by that powerful company.  Ono
of those trading points was at Green Bay.. About that time, the
American Fur Company built a large block ware-house at Green Bay
for the storage of furs.
The Green Bay Company had, before their surrender to the American Fur Company, become involved in debt to the latter, and on
account of the enormous prices that they were obliged to pay for goods,
were unable to liquidate it; consequently a large tract of the Langlade
land was seized by the American Fur Company for the balance due.
Mrs. Ursula M. Grignon, grand daughter of Domitelle De Langlade.
has contributed the following concerning her ancestors. and the early
days:*Granc mother Langevin (widow Grignon) and her mother, Madame De LangLade, lived together in their old age. These benevolent old ladies were mothers to
all of the inhabitants. The voyageurs were always kindly entertained by them, for
there were no taverns in those days. Hospitality was their proverb and they were
looked upon by the natives as queens. Madanme Langevin was an invalid and con*This article was not intended for publication, but it is a part of some notes furnished to
assist in compiling this work.




iEiscry  of -rown  COout4y.                            43
lined to her bed for over thirty years preceding her death, but during that time she
was always foremost in all good works. She boarded my uncles and their families
and always kept an open table for all that chose to visit them. During Advent, it
was the custom of the people to meet once a week at some house to sing hymns and
praise the Lord. The first meeting was always held at her house, and after services.
a sumptuous supper was served. On Christmas, every body v'sited her, at which
time, her tables were loaded with the best provisions that the land afforded. On
that day, my father and his children always made her a call to pay their respects
and receive her blessing and that of her mother. If there was any one sick, grand
mother was always the first to know it, and her Pawnee servants were sent to his
aid. If there was to be a funeral, the remains were brought to her house for prayer.
and after the burial, the mourners would repair thither to sup. She was a great
reader and always found words of consolation for them. Madamle De Langlade
died in 1818, and in November, 1823, my grand mother also passed away.
The children of Domitelle and Pierre Grignon were nine in number, seven boys
and two girls. Pierre and Charles went to college in Montreal and returned in 1795
The parents were preparing to send Augustine, Louis, Baptist, Domitelle, and
Marguirite, and a second cousin, Catishe Cardin, when, in November, 1797. the
father sickened and died. Thus the remaining children were deprived of a colle.
giate education, excepting Louis who went the next year. Pierre, being the eldest,
necessarily took the charge of his father's business. He became in time quite a
piominment man. He was agent for several companies, Judge of Probate etc. He
married a native, who bore him two sons and one daughter. In 1823, he died. His
son Robert settled at Butts de Morts, but Bernard remained at Green Bay, where he
has filled several offices of trust, such as Clerk of Court, Sheriff, etc. He married
Judge Lawe's oldest daughter, and they had five children, three sons (only one of'
whom survives-Justice David Grignon of Green Bay,) and two daughters. Augustine Grignon settled at Kaukauna and carried on the Indian trade as long as he lived.
His daughter Marguirite married Ebenzer Childs from whom she was afterwards
divorced; and Sophia espoused L. B. Porlier. Charles went to Canada and engaged in
trade for some company there, but afterward returned and settled at Oshkosh. Baptist
and Paul followed trading, being equipped by their brothers. Amable traded several
years mn British America. He married a Miss Bourassa of Mackinaw.  Domitelle
married D. Brunette, a farimer; her descendants still reside at Howard, Duck Creek
and Bay Settlement. Marguirite became Madame Corbielle. She died in 1823Her husband, who still survives her, resides in Bay Settlement.
My father, Louis Grignon, commenced his career as trader, in company with
Au-gustine Grriglon, in 1801. They bought of Rochbleve & Porlier; the Southwest
Company; Crawford, Franks & Co., and Oliver, Berthold & Co. In the war of 1812,
he was commissioned as lieutenant in the Indian Department, under Col. Dickson;
and on his return, he continued his trading business without interruption till the
time of his death. In the pursuit of Redbird, he served as a lieutenant under
Captain Smith in the Indian Department, and later, he held many positions of
trust in the  county. He was married, in 1802, to Miss Theresa Rankin, the




44                 The A.mericzan SkeBtcz (Book.
daughter of a trader. His children by this marriage were Charlotte, (Mrs. Harteau)
and Agate, (Mrs. Brese.) Some trouble occurred and they parted. In 1808, he
married Catishe Cardin. Three children were the fruits of this marriage, Elizabeth,
(Mrs. Mitchell) myself and Peter.
My father was an advocate of education, and procured all the educational advalltages possible for his children. He was also, at various times, trustee, or director of
the school.
Both my father and Judge Lawe, have been maliciously slandered. Men of their
position could have espoused rich and intelligent ladies, but they had too much
honor and religious sentiment to leave their wives and children, as many do in this
enlightened age. In those dark days, virtue was appreciated. People lived simply
and innocently, paid their debts honestly and looked upon bankruptcy with horror.
Regarding the disputed question of who built the first mill, I will say that my
grand father, Pierre Grignon, Sr., commenced a mill shortly before his death, which
occurred in 1797, its site being where Madison street crosses the ravine. Pierre
Grignon, Jr., moved the same mill to Dutchman's Creek, on the west side of Fox
River. Years after, he tore it down and had the iron taken to Kaukauna.
My father, who was actively engaged in business enterprises from 1801 until his
death, which occurred in 1839, built a mill near his residence in 1818. He had the
first bolting mill ever used in the northwest, and which cost him quite a handsome
sum of money. He afterward gave it to his nephew, P. B. Grignon, and it was
transferred to a mill at Kaukauna. The first wharf on Fox River was also built by
my father, in 1818, at Grignon's Point, and he kept a ferry about the same time.




3istory of Brown  County.                    45
CHAPTER III.
CAMP SMITR.-BUILDING OF FORT HOWARD.-INCIDENTS OF
EARLY HISTORY.
DURING the summer of 1816, the United States decided to establish a
fort at Green Bay, and in July of the same year sent out Col. John
Miller, on that service. He chartered three vessels and on these
embarked three or four companies of soldiers. Two of the vessels
were the "Washington" and the "Mink," according to Augustine
Grignon; the third, Moses Hardwick, the last surviving soldier of 1816,
informed the writer was the "Hunter."  Col. Chambers, Major Gratiot
and Capt. Ben. O'Fallon, were with the detachment. Augustine
Grignon, who chanced to be in Mackinaw upon the setting out of the
troops, was chosen as a pilot on the Washington. Hon. J. H. Lockwood, who afterward settled at Prairie du Chien, also came on the
Washington, to Green Bay. These vessels, which arrived on the
16th of July, 1816, were the first ones at the Bay after the arrival of
the colonists; and the surprise and pleasure of the people was great
indeed.
The officers, that very day, visited Tomah. a Menominee chief,
whose quarters were some half mile distant, and asked his consent to
build a fort. He replied that they were too strong for him, even if he
wished to oppose them; and added that they might build a fort where
so ever they pleased, but asked as a favor that they would not molest
the French settlers. (This Tomah was the son of Carron, the trader
who came to Green Bay with the Langlades.)
The soldiers were garrisoned some four miles above Green Bay, on
the Fox River. The original stockade was built of poles of all sizes
placed endwise in the earth. This garrison was called Camp Smith.
To obtain the trade of the soldiers, some traders opened in the liquor
business near the garrison, and the place was named by the soldiers,
"Shanty Town," shanty meaning, in army-phraseology, a house where
liquor is sold. The consequence of this was that in a short time all
the business of the entire county centered at Shanty Town.




46             i'ze A eerican  Sketch  Book.
Fort Howard was built, in 1820, near the site of the city, now
bearing that name. Hewn timbers about a foot square, were used in
its construction. The entire structure was painted white, and is said
to have presented a very beautiful appearance, gleaming out among
native trees, and surrounded by gardens and fields of grain. Where
the present city of Fort Howard is, were the parade and drill grounds.
But this fort, for many years the pride of the surrounding country,
and holding within its jurisdiction, the beauty and intelligence of the
greater portion of Wisconsin, has entirely disappeared from view.
Only its name and a small picture of it are left to show that it ever
existed.
The coming of the soldiers furnished a market for home produce and
gave a new impetus to the growth of the country. The vessels, which
which were continually arriving with supplies for the garrison, opened
a thoroughfare with the outside world and new settlers began to come
in. The next season, a settlement was started eight miles farther down
the bay, since known as the Bay Settlement; and a few years later, the
settlement had extended along Fox River as far as De Pere. The
early settlers squatted upon claims of a peculiar shape, these being a
few rods, more or less, wide and extending back from one to three
miles from the river. The Yankees called them  all "long and no
wide." The claims were made thus in order that the settlers might
be near enough together to be able to repel the attacks of the Indians.
By subsequent acts of Congress, these claims were granted to the
claimants.
In 1816, Col. John Bowyer of Virginia was appointed Indian Agent
at Green Bay, and Mathew Irwin as Factor. (A daughter of the latter,
born in 1817, is said to be the first child of English descent and unmixed
blood born in Wisconsin, A daughter of Robt. Irwin, Jr., who came
into this world in 1821, and who is now Mrs. Mary Mitchell, of
Green Bay, was probably the first born to any of the actual settlers of
Wisconsin. But numerous births of children of French descent, as
well as of French and English combined, and of both with that of the
Indian had occurred at previous dates.)
The writer is not able to give a complete list of the Indian Agents
that were stationed here. Col. Bowyer was succeeded, in 1821, by
Maj. John Biddle, who was afterwards appointed Register of the
Land Office in Detroit, Maj. H. B. Brevoort taking his place as agent




Itistory of  Brcwn   C:ntvy.                   47
and holding the same till 1829. Col. Stambagh served in 1830-31.
In 1832, the place was given to Col. George Boyd, brother-in-law to
President Adams who had before been stationed at Mackinaw. His
son, James Boyd, is a resident of West Depere and Mrs. David Grignon of Green Bay is one of his grand-daughters.
Ebenezer Childs came to Green Bay, in 1820, and opened a small
store two miles above Fort Howard. At that time, the fort was being
built, and the soldiers were daily passing between the two garrisons.
Childs' store was on the route, and he reaped quite a harvest of cash
by the sale of liquor. Liquor drinking in fact was carried to such an
excess that the commandant issued most stringent orders that no liquor
should be brought into the fort and that no one outside should sell to
the soldiers. To dodge this law, the soldiers and store keepers resorted
to various strategems-the one to buy and smuggle liquor into the
fort, and the other to sell it. Women would pass the guards with a
small pail of sugar, wherein a flask of whisky would be concealed.
Men would put a bladder into a jug, pour the whisky into it, and
securely tie it;- after which, they would fill the remaining space within
the jug with milk. It would only be necessary to tip the jug so as to
spill a little of the milk, on passing the guards, to secure an entrance.
A more ingenious way was to fill the outer skin of a beef's entrails
with liquor, and wear it coiled around the body, one end being carried
high up on the breast. The wearer had only to apply his mouth to
the upper end, and pump with the elbows, to obtain a supply at any
time.
The officers attempted to frighten Childs away, and, according to
that gentleman's statement, actually demolished two other establishments where liquor had been sold. His, however, was not molested,
though repeatedly threatened.
Shanty Town had at this time, three or four stores, and was the
headquarters of several fur traders. The men, in the employ of the
traders, were generally Canadians, who received hard fare and low
wages. They, in most cases, married Indian women. These marriages
were by contract, the man taking the woman for a specified time; and
if he was called to labor in another field before its expiration, the
woman was.free to marry again. Some of the commandants at the fort
have been said to be very arbitary, and to have caused considerable
annoyance to the residents on both sides of the river. While the




48               7re Amcricaz-   Ske.tch  Bco:.
country was under pretended civil law, the rule was really military.
Some were punished for slight offenses, and others, guilty of crimes.
were allowed to escape. Citizens were sometimes arrested for daring
to land on the fort side of the river. Boats were not permitted to pass
without reporting, and private business was often interfered with. In
1825, John P. Arndt obtained a license to maintain a ferry across Fox
River, near Fort Howard. He was arrested for landing on the west
side of the river, and dragged to the fort, where he was forbidden to
cross again, without permission from the commanding officer.'Upon
his release, he brought suit against said officer, for false imprisonment.
He won the case. A fine of fifty dollars and costs, brought the officer
to his senses; and. thereafter, persons crossing the river were unmolested.
All trade whatsoever with the Indians, had to be licensed by the
Indian  Agents. The following is a copy of a permit to Louis
Grignon:
SIR-You have my permission to buy a horse from the Indians, providing you do
not pay in spirits of any kind, etc.
WM. WHISTLER, Moaj. A. 1. A.
FORT HOWARD, Green Bay, June 24th, 1823.
Early, in 1821, Dr. William S. Madison, Surgeon of the troops at
Fort Howard, was murdered by an Indian, while on his way to visit
his family in Kentucky. A  Chippewa, in ambush, shot him near
Manitowoc, but did not molest his advance guard. The Indian was
executed for the murder, the following October, at Detroit. His name
was Ke-tau-kah. Such is the account as published in a Detroit paper
of that time. But from Mr. Du Charme, of Shanty Town, who resided
here when the event transpired, and who claims to know the facts,
the writer has received the following statement: Dr. Madison had
married, (Indian fashion) a sister of the Indian; and at the time that
he made the trip, Ke-tau-kah was accompanying the party as a guide.
They camped near Manitowoc, and while the guards were busy in
preparing a meal, Ke-tau-kah proceeded to an Indian village, some
little distance further on, where he found a party of his own people,
commemorating their exploits by throwing their hatchets at a post,
each, as many times as he had killed persons. When  Ke-tau-kah
came up, they informed him derisively, that he could not throw, as he
had never slain any one. This fired his blood. He retraced his steps
to where Dr. Madison sat leaning against a tree, and approaching




HIistory of (Brown   Con3y.                    49
fiom behind, shot the unsuspeting man. He then returned to where
the Indians were having their sport, and told them that now he was
entitled to a throw.  On finding out what he had done, they took him
in custody, and delivered him up to the whites. The same gentleman
gives the particulars of the murder of Charles Ulrich, in 1820, by a
Menominee, named IKe-wau-bis-kim.  The latter was a umzre boy and
Ulrich had whipped him for some offense, which rankedl so deeply in
the Indian's breast, that he studied to revenge the insult.  Ulrich got
a new hat, soon after the whipping affair, of which, as hats were not
plenty, he was choice.  This, the other stole, one night, while Ulrich
-—.! — ~  ~       -            -. —-. —.-.-.-.-w_._.___            j 
OirLD  h'OT'tr I-IOV 1 t1IW D.
was fiddling for a dance. Finding the hat gone, the FrenchmEan
inquired of the Indian concerning it, and was informed that it had
been taken as a joke.  "If you will come with me," said t.he boy, "I
will show you where it is."  On the way, the Indian carried a little
pail of whisky, which he several times shared with his conmpanion,
who was excessively fond of liquor.  When they had arrived at a
secluded spot, Ke-wau-bis-kim again offered the whisky to UlIhich,,and
while the latter's fIce was hidden in the pail, stabbed him  to, the
heart.  Ke-tau-nkah and Ke-w-au-bis-kim were executed on the same day
and the same gallows.  The murder of the Frenchman occurred near
Shanty Town.  Mr. Du Charme, who ch-anced to be hunting near the
spot, was an eye witness to it.
7




50              l'he Americwan Se XTc7zh  Bcokc.
Returning to the fort, we find among other sad occurrences thereat,
that Captain Lewis Morgan, who had superintended the builing of
Fort Howard, undertook a jourpey to what is now Menominee, Mich.,
in company with a man by the name of Webster, during a cold spell,
in the spring of 1826, and being caught in a storm while on the bay,
was frozen to death.
It is impossible at this late day, from the imperfect records, even
assisted by the recollections of old settlers, to give a complete history
of Fort Howard. Many persons who have since figured in the military and civil history of the United States, were at one time stationed
there, either in command, or as subordinates. In 1817, we find the
Third Regiment at Fort Howard, with Major Zachary Taylor, in command. In 1819, the fort was commanded by Col. J. L. Smith; from
1821 to 1823, by Col. N. Pinckney, in 1824, by General John McNeil
and in 1827, by Major William Whistler.
Early in 1827, the Winnebagoes having become hostile, not only
attacked a keel-boat on the Mississippi, but murdered a part of two
families that resided neiar Prairie da Chien, and committed other depredations. The Secretary of War ordered out the troops to arrest the
murderers. There were but few soldiers at Fort Howard, and the
commanding officer asked the assistance of the citizens. General
Dickinson and Colonel Childs raised a company of Oneida and Stockbridge Indians, who were mustered into service. Col. Smith; of the
regular army, went out with a detachment of soldiers, taking with him
Augustine and Louis Grignon as lieutenants. Beside these, a citizen's
company was organized, of which George Johnson was appointed
captain, P. B. Grignon, first lieutenant, and John Whistler, second
lieutenant. The three companies went up Fox River to the portage,
in boats and canoes, and while making the journey, the Indians killed
a rattlesnake, which they dressed and ate to insure victory, urging the
soldiers to partake with them, which some did. The skin they hung
on the bow of the boat, in which they had embarked. The murderers,
Redbird and two others, were taken at the place near where Portage
City now is, that is, they were given up by the Winnebagoes, who
were frightened by the news of the approach of soldiers from three
pifferent quarters. Redbird was dressed in soft, white buffalo skins,
and wore a stuffed redbird on each shoulder, like an epaulette. Two
of the Indians were sentenced to be hung on December 26th, 1828, the




Iist3or Z   of  Bro:vo  CO:cntv.              51
trial taking place at the Prairie du Chien fall term of court, over
which Judge Doty presided. (Redbird had died in prison, previous
to the trial.) They were pardoned by President John Quincy Adams
in November of the same year, and liberated.
In the fall of 1828, the Fifth Regiment of United States Infantry,
was ordered to Fort Howard. The water was so high, at the time,
that the barges, in which the soldiers shipped at St. Louis, made the
entire trip of the Mississippi, Wisconsin and Fox rivers, without being
unloaded. At this time, Major D. E. Twiggs, commanded at the fort.
His brutality to the soldiers caused him to be universally hated. One
of the soldiers, William Prestige, by name, resolved to put him out of
the way, and for this purpose entered his quarters, one day, while the
Major was taking his afternoon nap. Putting the muzzle of his
musket to the sleeper's ear, Prestige pulled the trigger, supposing that
he was sure  of his victim. The gun missed fire, and the click of the
lock awoke Twiggs, who sprang to his feet, seized the gun and struck
Prestige a blow that fractured his skull and laid him senseless upon
the floor. The soldier's term of enlistment lacked about six months
of its expiration, at this time, and, instead of turning him over to the
civil authorities, Major Twiggs detained him, a prisoner under his own
control, and subjected him to the most brutal treatment. Some days,
Twiggs would beat him, on others, would turn hungry wolves into his
cell, and let him battle for his life. The same year, Twiggs established Fort Winnebago, and thither he carried his prisoner, whom he
kept tied to a tree, exposed to all the storms, in an almost naked condition. When Prestige's term had expired, Twiggs turned him over
to the civil authorities, by whom he was tried and convicted. But
Morgan L. Martin, acting United States )istrict Attorney, and others,
thinking he had suffered enough, presented the case to President
Adams, and he was pardoned.
About this time, Captain Martin Scott, afterward a. noted military
man in the Northwest, was stationed at the fort. A long and tedious
winter had been succeeded by a cold spring. The river still wore itcoating of ice, retarding navigation which should have opened some
time before. The delay was irksome, and the captain devised a plan,
so he asserted to start the ice out of the river. He filled a jug with
powder, fastened a tin tube in its mouth, and sunk it through a hole
which he had caused to be cut in the ice, intending to make an explo



52              7ine American7  87etcz (Booe.
sion that would speedily open the river. But, for some reason or
other, the fuse would not work, though he spent a whole day experimenting with it. Several of the old settlers remember the incident
well. Had he been successful in the attempt, it would have been
more widely known. It is quite probable, however, that he did not
expect to open navigation, as he asserted, but was simply experimenting with powder under water.
About 1829, David Gorham, a ship builder, who was in the employ
of the Government, building boats, was murdered by a soldier by the
name of Hempstead. Mr. Gorham, assisted by a squad of soldiers had
been for several days at Duck Creek, engaged in getting out material
for his work, and had been much annoyed by the drunkenness of the
men, so much so, that he used his influence with the quartermaster
and the sergeant in charge of them, and had their rations of whisky
stopped. This angered the soldiers, particularly Hempstead, who
boasted that he would murder all of the three men who had been
instrumental in its being refused to them. The sergeant reported
this to Gorham, and also to the officer commanding at the fort. The
latter, however, took no notice of what the sergeant said, and upon
his refusing to accompany Hempstead back to the camp on Duck
Creek, ordered him to be put in the guard-house. Hempstead made
two or three attempts to surprise Gorham alone and murder him, but
failed until one morning, when he secreted himself in an empty
shanty near by, under the pretence of watching for pigeons, and
awaited Gorham's appearance. Gorham, upon arising from his bed,
opened the door and called to the cook, saying, that he might give the
men their ration of whisky that morning. Scarcely had the words
passed his lips, when Hempstead fired upon him, wounding him so that
he died in a few hours. - The murderer fled to the woods, but afterward returned, gave himself up, was tried, condemned and hung.
Gorham was an Englishman, who, previous to his coming to Fort
Howard, had married, at Sault St. Mary, a girl only twelve years old,
whom his death left a widow, and the mother of several little children,
though she was yet in her teens. Hempstead. while in jail, sent for
Mrs. Gorham, and upon her visiting him, explained why he had murdered her husband, and also why he had given himself up. After he
had fled to the woods, a terrible storm arose, which, as night set in,
increased in violence. The darkness was most intense except when




HistDry cf  BrDown  Countz.                 53
the lurid lightning lit up the scene, at which time, he would see the
form of the murdered man, standing before him. Occasionally, too,
he would hear a voice say, "go back and deliver yourself up."  All
night, he crouched beneath a tree, in the most fearful agony; but
with the coming of the morning light, he resolved to make a farther
effort to get away, and he accordingly, plunged deeper into the forest.
But after wandering all day, he found himself beneath the same tree,
where he had spent the previous night, having unconsciously traveled
in a circle. This made him believe that he was subject to some
higher will, and that a farther attempt at flight was useless.
(To Mrs. Gorham herself, now Mrs. Charles Gebeau, the writer is
indebted for the preceding facts. Five years after Mr. Gorham's death,
she married Charles Gebeau, who had formerly lived [at Mackinaw,
and who had come to Green Bay, in June, 1832. Mr. Gebeau was a
mason and builder. He built the first brick house in Wisconsin, and
afterward many finer edifices. He died, April 19, 1875, mourned by
many friends. Mrs. Gebeau, a hearty old lady at the time of writing,
has been the mother of twenty-two children. David M. Harteau, a
well known architect, 9f Green Bay, is a son of her oldest child, formerly Mary Gorham.)
From the same source, the writer obtained the particulars of another
murder, that occurred at an early day. A Jew peddler was the victim
and the assassins were three Indians, who committed the deed to
obtain the goods that he had in possession, which he carried in a pack
on his back, going on foot from place to place. Shortly after he had
made one of his regular trips to Green Bay, the Indians offered some
ribbon and trinkets to Amable Grignon, in payment for whisky. Mr.
Grignon felt sure, immediately, that they had not come by the goods
honestly, and he had them arrested. Upon their being lodged in the
jail at De Pere, one of the number confessed that the trio had committed the deed, and said that the body was hidden among some brush
near Kaukauna. A search in that locality led to its discovery. By
virtue of the law, the Indian who had confessed would have been set
free; but Jis two companions, upon learning this fact, murdered him
with a piece of a rusty knife, which they had found in the cell, then
tore up their blankets and hung themselves.
In 1832, while Major Clark was in command of the fort, Lieutenant
Foster was murdered by a soldier of his own company, named Doyle,




54             271e A merican  Sketce  iBook.
whom  he had ordered into confinement for being intoxicated. A
few days after the commencement of the incarceration, Doyle prevailed
upon the sergeant of the guard to escort him to the lieutenant's
quarters, in order that he might exchange a few words with the young
officer. He ascended the stairs to the latter's room, the guard remaining below at the door, and asked: "Will you please tell me, Lieutenant,
what I am confined for?" "No, sir; you know well enough. Return
at once, to your place of confinement, " responded Foster. Doyle ran
down stairs, and before any one was aware of his intention, had
wrenched the gun from the guard's hands, and rushing back fired at
Lieutenant Foster's heart. The death of the officer was instantaneous.
Doyle was tried and sentenced to death, but to the last he did not
seem to realize the enormity of his crime, and was apparently unconcerned about his hereafter. When he was being led to execution, he
observed a quantity of lumber, recently collected for a new company's
store, and he asked of Captain Scott, who was attending him, what
was to be built there. "Doyle, you have but a few moments to livebetter employ your thoughts about something else," was the reply;
to which he responded: "That is why I am. inquiring. My time
being short, I wish to gain what information I can, while it lasts."
Lieut. Foster, at the time of his death, was engaged to a Miss Bailey,
who went insane upon hearing of the murder of her affianced.
Many years after this, the family of J. C. Delany (a fifer who came
to Fort Howard with Col. Lee's detachment,) lived in the house where
Lieutenant Foster had been murdered. Soon after they took up a residence there, Mrs. Delany awoke suddenly one night and found a man
bending over her. On her becoming alarmed, he vanished. A search
by Mr. Delany was instantly made, but no one could be discovered; yet
so plain had been the illusion, that, aided by the bright moonlight
which had flooded the room at the time, Mrs. Delany was enabled to
describe him minutely. To the surprise of the old soldiers, she gave
a complete description of Lieut. Foster. Twice after, under different
circumstances, she saw the same apparition, which so frightened her
that she refused to live longer in  the house. Mrs. Delany affirms
that previous to seeing the illusion, she knew nothing what ever
regarding Lieut. Foster, which makes her minute description of him
still more remarkable.




Elistcry - of   r.own.ConFty.              55
Many of  the officers and soldiers, who  were  stationed at
different periods at Fort Howard, afterward became influential citizens
of Brown County. Among these, was Lieut. Col. William Chapman
who settled at Green Bay in September 1845. Col. Chapman was
born at St. Johns, Charles County,M d., January 22nd, 1810. He received
an academic education; and, in 1827, entered the U. S. Military Academy
at West Point where he graduated in 1831. On the 1st of July of
that year, he was assigned to the Fifth Infantry as Brev. Second Lieutenant. He joined his regiment at Mackinaw in October of the same
year. The next season, he was engaged in the Black Hawk war.
Returning, he was ordered to West Point where he was on duty until
July, 1833, from which time until August, 1838, he served at Fort
Howard. For the succeeding two years, he was on recruiting service,
and later was stationed at Fort Snelling. He served on both lines
during the Mexican war and also in the army of the Potomac in the
late war. In 1863, he retired from active service. The Colonel is still
in vigorous health, is straight and dignified, and, excepting his white
hair, has the appearance of being a much younger man.
Louis Rouse came with the soldiers in 1816, and soon after brought
his wife to reside at the fort. His son Talbot was born there the same
year. This family settled in Brown County.
Another who settled here was George Johnston of Rockingham
County, Va., who came to Fort Howard as a sutler in 1819. He had
been a commissioned officer of a company of dragoons, who served in
the war of 1812. He took part in the battle of Brownstown, in
reports of which he is mentioned in terms of praise. Major Dequindre
of Green Bay (whose son was for a long time a respected merchant in
this community,) also distinguished himself at that time. At the
surrender of Detroit, Mr. Johnston was taken prisoner and conveyed
to Fort George in Canada; and, on being exchanged, joined the army
of Gen. Harrison and was engaged in the battle of the Thames.  He
was appointed sutler, at the close of the war, and in 1819 was stationed at Fort Howard. He built a house opposite where Astor afterward was located, and his place was for many years known as the
"Green Tree, " from an old and magnificent elm which stood in front
of his door, beneath whose shade his numerous friends loved to congregate. The elm was blown down in a storm which occurred in 1847.




56             -te Americzan  AS7eech.oo~.
Capt. George Johnston was a brother-in-law of the late Major William Whistler, whose family were, for several years, residents of Fort
Howard. Mrs. Louisa Helm, widow of Hon. Charles H. Helm, the
Consul General of Cuba during President Buchanan's administration,
is a daughter of Major Whistler and was born at Fort Howard. Mrs.
Julia Whistler, widow of the Major, resides at Newport, Ky., at the
time of writing. She has lived to see her great grandchildren. Many
of her descendants reside in Milwaukee and Chicago. A grandson of
hers, Frank Bloodgood, Esq., is a noted Milwaukee lawyer. His
mother, a daughter of Mrs. Whistler, also resides in Milwaukee.
Mrs Kinzie, widow of the late Col. Robert Kinzie, now a resident of
Chicago, is another of Mrs. Whistler's daughters. Mrs. General
Sheridan is a grand niece of the same estimable lady.
Nearly all of the noted military men of the days when old Fort
Howard was in existence, were at some period either stationed within
its walls, or were visiting friends there. As their families generally
bore them company, Fort Howard has the honor of being the birthplace of many of the famous and influential men and women of the
present day.




_Mistcry of', Brown  Ony                     57
CHAPTER IV.
SHANTY TOWN. —JOLONY OF NEW YORK INDIANS.-INCODEXrS
OF HISTORY FROM 1816 TO 1830.
THE reader must understand that, previous to 1830, scarcely what
might be called an embryo village existed on the site of the present
city of Green Bay. What was known as Green Bay comprised a
region of country, several miles in extent and lying on both sides of
Fox River, the nucleus of which was a village which began building
simultaneously with Camp Smith and named Shanty Town as previously stated.
Upon the present site of Green Bay, only a few families lived at
this time. A part of the Grignon family, Judge Lawe's family,
Joseph  Jourdan's, Mr. Brunett and daughter, Mrs. Franks, and
one or two others comprised the entire population.  But to the
outer world the whole of the settled region was known as Green Bay,
and so the writer will speak of it.
Among the earliest American settlers here, we find the Irwin
consisting family,of Robert Irwin, his wife and seven children, who
began a residence at Shanty Town about 1817. Soon after, other American settlers arrived who will be mentioned in the proper connection.
In the winter of 1818-19, when Illinois became a state, a part of
the country which had formerly belonged to the territories of Illinois
and Indiana, was attached to Michigan. (Previous to 1809, it was.11
Indiana Territory, but Indiana becoming a state at that time the Illinois Territory was organized. A geography of 1812. which fell into
the writer's hands, gives the following boundaries to. the Illinois Territory: North by Canada, east by Lake Michigan, southeast by the
Illinois River, and west by the Mississippi River. The same book
gives the number of slaves in the different states and territories.  In
not one were they less than one fourth of the entire population, and in
some nearly half of it, which shows how universal slavery was at
that time.) Brown and Crawford counties when organized were a part
of Michigan Territory, and comprised what is now the entire State of
8




58              Thne Amzerican  Sk7tc'ch  Boo7.
Wisconsin, the former being that portion of the territory east of a line
drawn north and south through the portag(, and the latter the part
west of such a line. (When Missouri became a state, the portion of
the territory, north of what is now the State of Missouri, was annexed
to Michigan, and later was divided into counties.) These counties
were named in honor of Gen. Jacob Brown, then commander and
chief of the army, and of the Scretary of War, whose name was
Crawford. The proclamation, organizing Brown County, was dated
October, 26, 1818, and was issued by Governor Cass.
The officials of 1818 were Mathew Irwin, Chief Justice; Charles
Reaume and Benjamin Chittendon, Associate Justices; Robt. Irwin
Jr., Clerk; and George Johnston, Sheriff.  During the summer of this
year, William Farnsworth and Ramsey Crooks, one of the American
Fur Company, embarked in a birch bark canoe at Mackinaw, and
thus made the entire trip to St. Louis by the way of the Fox, Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers.
Daniel Whitney, a man afterward prominent in the history of Green
Bay, opened a store in Shanty Town in the summer of 1820, and in
the fall of the same year General William Dickenson also started in
the mercantile business, both gentlemen, of course, building log
houses for stores.
About the year 1821, Robt. Irwin, Jr. was appointed first Justice of
the Peace and Clerk of the Court, under the Michigan authority, for
the portion of the territory west of Lake Michigan.
The first jury trial at Green Bay was before Robt. Irwin; Col.
E. Childs as plaintiff and a Frenchman as defendant.  James H. Lockwood was attorney for the former.  The seat of Justice at this time
was at Shanty Town, or rather Menominee or Menomineeville* as the
place was then called by the more dignified settlers. The court-house
was a small concern, built of logs, and was afterward moved to De
Pere on the ice, the county-seat having been removed to that place.
For several years after the establishment of a fort at Green Bay
there was no post office.  The Government found it would not pay to
establish a mail route at that time.  A carrier was sent to Chicago
with the mail, and the expenses paid by voluntary subscriptions of
*The real Menominee was really about a half a mile or more distant from Shanty Town and
was platted May 29th, 1830, by Judge Lawe, and so recorded. A large piece of land was donated
by him to the county for public buildings. The village, however, never had an existence
except on paper.




Histor, of ~Brown  cOct",E:,.                 59
the citizens and the military post fund of Fort Howard. The carrier
walked the two hundred miles through a trackless wilderness, which
a team could not penetrate, exposed to the dangers of starvation, of
perishing with cold, of falling into the hands of savage Indians and
of becoming a prey to wild beasts. In addition to the mail matter,
he had to carry provisions enough to last him during his trip, which
with his blankets made no small load and which rendered traveling
very irksome, when the snow was deep. At nights, he slept on the
bare ground, or scooped out the snow to form a couch, and there lay
with the sky above him and the glittering eyes of wild animals all
around him.
Moses Hardwick made a trip with the mail from Green Bay to
Detroit in 1821, and camped, one night, where Michigan City, Ind.,
now is, using his bag of provisions for a pillow. He dreamed during
the night that he was rolling down hill, and awaking suddenly, found
that a large black wolf was making off with his provisions. He shot
the wolf and regained his supplies. He had permission to remain in
Detroit until the opening of the lakes, but after he had been there
a; short time, he began to pine for a look at a Green Bay girl, whose
heart beat responsive to his; and he made up his mind to return on
foot. So, back through the deep snow and trackless wilderness, he
trudged, all the way from Detroit to Green Bay, just for a look at the
"girl he left behind him." Where is the man of the present time
who would do as much for a woman? The girl became his wife-how
could she help it after such a manifestation of devotion? (Moses
Hardwick lives in the Town of Scott; is eighty-six years old, and has
never been sick a day since he came here in 1816.)
The first school, of which the oldest citizens can give any account,
was a boarding and day school for girls, taught by Mons. and Madame
Canon (formerly of Montreal), in one of Judge Lawe's houses. It
began probably in 1817. Not long after this, a man by the name of
Johnson started an English school on the fort side of the river. Louis
Grignon's daughter Ursula was taken from the girls' school and sent
to the latter, in order that she might be company for her brother, who
was always getting into trouble with the little "Bostonians" as the
children of soldiers were called. But she was terribly afraid of the
teacher, and when, on one winter day, Mr. Johnson having discovered
her dress to be on fire, without informing her of that fact, grabbed her,




60               The American  S7:etc7Z  fcokc.
and, dragging her out doors, rolled her in the snow, her fears of
annihilation may be imagined.
Mr. Johnson was succeeded by a Mr. Homer. Then followed a Mr.
Douglas and a Mr. Holton. In 1824, D. Curtis taught, as is shown
by a letter (in the writer's possession) addressed to the school commissioners, Robert Irwin, Jr., Louis Grignon and Louis Rouse, asking for
three dozen spelling books and six Murray's grammars. The same
summer and, one day, while he was in school, a terrific storm arose.
The blinding lightning, the deafening thunder and the falling of hailstones, as large as hen's eggs, were enough to appall the stoutest
hearts. And in the middle of that storm, a messenger fought his way
to the school house, almost overcome with exhaustion when he reached
it, with the sad tidings that Mrs. Curtis had been killed by lightning.
The next teacher after Mr. Curtis was Gen. Ellis, who was followed
by J. V. Suydam. The two last taught in a building erected for the
purpose by Louis Grignon. In the years of 1826, 1827 and 1828, Rev.
Mr. Fauvel taught a French and English school; and, in 1828 and
1829, Miss Russell taught at Shanty Town.
Dr. Jedediah Morse, in the summer of 1820, paid Green Bay a visit
as a commissioner for the purpose of securing a western retreat for
the Stockbridges and other tribes of New York Indians; and while
here he preached the first protestant sermon ever delivered in this
county.  There seems to have been no conclusion in the matter at
that time. The next year, Rev. Eleazer Williams, having secured the
co-operation of the younger chiefs of the Six Nations in the plan of
removing to the west, arrived at Green Bay with a delegation of those
tribes, for the purpose of treating with the Menominees for a tract of
land. At this time, there were about five hundred French and halfbreeds at Green Bay, all of whom  were in close alliance with the
Indians. They did not like the idea, and influenced the Menominees
and Winnebagoes to give a flat refusal. The delegation persisted in
their endeavors and finally purchased a tract of land from the two
tribes-one just large enough to give them a foothold and which
Williams intended should be enlarged as soon as possible. The next
year, the delegation made a bargain with the Menominees by
which they became joint owners in the. latter's lands. A large share
of the New York Indians and all the Winnebagoes opposed the
scheme; but the Stockbridges and a part of the Oneidas came




iistory  of  Brow~  County.                   61
out and  took  possession  of  the  newly  acquired  property.
Later, a portion of the Menominees, urged so to  do by the
settlers and the Indian agent, repudiated the bargain previously made
with the New York Indians. Then followed a series of negotiations
between the Menominees and New York Indians, and later between
the United States Government and the former in behalf of the latter,
lasting several years, the possessions of the Six Nations being finally
limited to sixty-one thousand acres of land on Duck Creek near Green
Bay, now called the Oneida Settlement.
These Indians were for many years after their advent here the principal customers which the traders at the settlements and at the fort
had. Like their more civilized brethern, they had a great love of what
D. Hunt, Esq., calls "wet goods;" and though its sale was forbidden
and great pains taken to enforce the law, they generally managed to
be well supplied. Boats, which touched at the port, sold to them in
defiance of the law and made off before any punishment could be
inflicted. But the Indians got liquor in mid-winter, and through its
influence often became very troublesome at the fort. The authorities
made many attempts to find where the liquor was obtained. At one
time, they locked up an Indian and informed him that they would
keep him a prisoner until he told where he had bought the liquor
upon which he had got drunk.  The native replied innocently that
he got it' from a boat; and adhered to that statement, though it was
mid-winter and a boat had not been seen for two or three months.
(The oldest Indian, now at the Bay, is Polly Doxtator. In March
1876, she was ninety-one years old.'She is a Delaware who married
an Oneida and emigrated in 1833 to Wisconsin. Losing her husband
soon after her arrival, she worked out in white families to support herself and children. She nursed the children of several of the officers,
stationed at the fort, among whom was Mrs. Gen'l. Mac Clellan; and
for some years she was both a doctor and a nurse. She lives at the
Oneida settlement with her youngest child who is nearing sixty years
in age. " Aunt Polly," as she is called, taught herself to read by spelling out the words of different verses in the "Testament" after having
heard them read. She still has a remarkably clear memory, and, what
is more singular, reads, sews and even threads her needles without the
aid of glasses. From "Aunt Polly" the writer learned some of the
habits  of  the  Oneidas  regarding  their  marriage  relations




62             1Te Am erican     S       7e ch DBcok.
etc. A girl is considered marriageble at fifteen, but if she has parents
she has no voice in the choice of a husband. Her father chooses for
her, and forces her to comply with his wishes. The fathers of the
young men likewise choose for them, the heads of two families having
to agree on the matter before a marriage can take place. Such a marriage of course can but result in misery; and as the Indians are addicted in
most cases to drinking, the fate of the women is any thing but
enviable.  One of "Aunt Polly's daughters, not having a father to
compel her to marry, chose a single life, though many sought her
hand. The sad fate of an elder sister decided her to such a course of
action.)
The Oneidas at the Green Biy settlement make and enforce their
own laws and are not amenable to the laws of the country. Each
one has what land he will cultivate, and he who will cultivate none
has none. The Stockbridge Indians, who came west with them, subsequently removed to the east side of Winnebago Lake.
The first steamer ploughed the waters of Lake Michigan in 1821.
It was the "Walk-in-the-Water," which left Detroit for Mackinaw and
Green Bay on the 31st day of July of that year. Rev. Eleazer Williams of the "Dauphin" notoriety was one of the passengers.
A post office was opened in Green Bay in November of 1822. Robt.
Irwin, Jr. was appointed post master, his commission bearing date of
the second day of that month and year. The mail was carried between Green Bay and Chicago by schooners in summer, and by men
on foot in the winter. It arrived and departed about half a dozen times
a year. Moses Hardwick says he carried it seven consecutive winters,
commencing in 1817.
The first church in Green Bay was built in 1823 on the Langlade
property at a point near the old bank building, between where Adams
and Jefferson streets now are, Madame Langevin having donated an
acre of ground for that purpose. It was under the direction of Friar
Fauvel. But it was burned before completed.
The first action toward the organization of a Lodge of Free Masons
in the northwest was upon the 27th of December, 1823, at the house
of George Johnson, at which time a petition was drafted with the following signers: Majors Watson and Green; Capt. Browning; Lieutenants Lewis and Dean; and Sergeants Wheaton and Saterlee of the
United States army; and George Johnson, S. Wheeler and D. Curtis,




IJi scorv cf   Cwrccz' Coounzi.               63
citizens. In time, a dispensation was granted, and on the 2nd of September 1824, a Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons was organized at
Fort Howard. The officers of the new lodge, named in the dispensation, were Robt. Irwin, Sen., Master; and Benjamin Watson and W. V.
Wheaton, wardens. The name of the lodge was the Menominee,
(This lodge ceased in 1830, having had the following masters: Robt.
Irwin, Sen., Dr. D. V. Wheaton, Robt. Irwin, Jr., and H. S. Baird.)
Henry S. Baird, a young lawyer from Mackinaw, and his wife settled
at the new village in 1824. He was the first lawyer who located at
Green Bay and he remained here as long as he lived.
The next year, the first franle house in Wisconsin was built by (ol.
Ebenezer Childs for Judge Doty, and it was often visited by people
from all parts of the territory as a curiosity. It was situated not far
from De Pere, and was afterward the Agency house. It has been
destroyed by fire, but the chimney still stands.
About this tilme,.an amusing incident occurred at the fort. One
day, Lieut. James Watson Webb was boasting of his own great
strength in the presence of Col. Mc Neil; whereupon the Colonel
made a wager that he could hold Webb with one hand. The wager
was instantly accepted. Then, true to his word, Mc Neil, who was a
large and powerful man, seized the young and rather slim lieutenant
and held him not only at arm's length but so high that his feet did
not touch the ground,-held him there until he begged to be released.
This angered Webb so much that soon after he preferred charges
against Me Neil to the Secretary of War, pledging his commission to
prove the same. He failed to do this, and the Secretary of War accepted the pledged commission as Webb's resignation.
The sutler at the fort, during Col. Me Neil's command, was Major
Herron, who in 1825 was succeeded by Hunter Crane. In 1828, Sat.
Clark, Sen. secured the position in the name of his son. (The latter
is the Hon. Sat. Clark of the present day, who is always to be found
prowling around Madison in search of an office.) The same parties
afterward secured the sutler's post at Fort Winnebago.
Judge John P. Arndt became a resident of this part of the country
in November 1824, and commenced at once to take a prominent position in the business and politics of the country. He located on the
Langlade property, the site of the home of the first settler in Wisconsin, in the spring of 1825, and continued to occupy those premises




64              Tlie A mericon  Sketca  Boo7k.
until the time of his death. His house was the first licensed tavern
in the territory and he the first licensed landlord. During the summer of 1825, he built the first Durham boat that ever swam in the
Fox River. Two years later, he built a saw mill on Indian land with
the consent of the War Department. The same year, he built the
first decked scow and made the first brick burnt in Wisconsin.
The physician who attended the French families for many years was
Dr. Ambrosine, a Frenchman, who was hospital steward at Fort Howard. He went away when the soldiers were removed, but returned
about 1856 and three years later died here.
The first session of Court in the northwest was convened at Green
Bay on June 20th. 1824; but no judge appearing it was adjourned by
A. J. Irwin, deputy clerk, until the next day. And every day for the
next ten days, it was adjourned for the same cause; when, tired of the
monotony, Mr. Irwin adjourned it sine die. It did not convene again
until October 4th, when J. D. Doty presented a commission as judge
signed by President Monroe. The court was opened by order of said
judge by George Johnson, sheriff. The following were the jurors: A.
J. Irwin, M. Dousman, William Dickenson, James Clark, Augustine
Grignon, D. Brunette, Brisque Hyatt, Amable Durosher, Pierre Carbonneau, Sen., Pierre Carbonneau, Jr., Louis Rouse, Louis Grignon,
Daniel Curtis, Joseph Jourdon, Louis Gravell, Joseph Ducharme, Paul
Grignon, Amable Grignon, John Lawe, James Porlier, Sen., John B.
Langevin, Alex. Gardipies and J. B. Jommine.  Daniel Curtis was
appointed foreman, and S. A. Wheeler to attend to the jury. The first
business transacted was the issue of a warrant ordering the appearance of Henry S. Brevoort to answer why he should not be fined for
not appearing upon the subpoena of grand juror. At this session of
court, H. S. Baird was admitted to the bar.
During that term, Judge Doty investigated the marriage relations
of the people, and found that some thirty-eight men were living with
women with out the sanction of the marriage rite. He gave them ten
days in which to get married, or failing to do so they must submit to
a fine. All but two availed themselves of the opportunity.
Hon. M. L. Martin speaks thus of the introduction of the Michigan
laws:
All the first settlers interm arried with the natives, and from this intercourse there
soon sprung up a mixed race, whose manners, opinions and customs, exhibited a




History  of Bron          O COou7tSy.               65
minglilg of the polish and vivacity of Parisian society, with the thoughtlessness,
improvidence and licentiousness peculiar to savage life. Necessity was, without
doubt, the primary cause of this mixture of the races. The good will and confidence
of the Indian, so essential to their security, was only to be attained by forming the
closest of all ties, those of kindred, and by assimilating with him in habits of
thought and conduct, creating a social circle in which each could feel himself an
equal with those around him. The law also became modified by the loose customs
of the county, and in the Ordinance of 1787 we find Congress compelled to recognize the peculiar modes of conveyance and transmission of property in force among
the people of the ancient villages, though it established the line of descent prescribed by the civil law.   *   *   *   Not a marriage had been celebrated
according to the requirements of that law, or any other, except the customs in force
in the country, and thereupon the whole community was declared amenable to the
penalties of the statute. Men of great age, who were themselves the fruit of these
connections, now for the first time declared illegitimate, and whose children and
grandchildren had sprung up under their care and protection, and whose conduct
and social relations were every way reputable in the highest degree, were brought
before this new tribunal, and sentenced to the penalties the law inflicted. Those
whose parents had paid the debt of nature, were disinherited of their patrimony,
and thrown naked and defenceless upon the world.
At the same session, Rev. Eleazer Williams was licensed to preform
marriage rites.
Previous to 1823, Wisconsin had really been only an appendage of
Michigan.  The supreme court was held at Detroit, and all criminals
were taken there for trial.  The judiciary of this portion of the territory was composed of county courts and Justices of the Peace, both
with limited jurisdiction.  In 1823, Congress established "The additional Judicial District," embracing the counties of Michilimackinac,
Brown  and  Crawford.  It was over this district that Judge Doty
was called to preside; and his first term of court was held, as before
stated, at Green Bay.
During a term  of court in 1825, a tavern license was granted  to
John P. Arndt; at the same time a license was issued allowing Arndt
and Louis Grignon to operate a ferry.  There was no other business
at this term  of court except the trial and conviction of W. G. Belknap
for the false imprisonment of Louis Rouse.  (The latter had been running the ferry boat for John P. Arndt and had been imprisoned for
landing on the fort side of the river.)
At a session of court which convened, January 9th, 1826, Rev. Norman Nash was licensed to solemnize marriages.  He was an Episcopal
clergyman.  At this same session of court, Isaac Williams and'Charles
9




66                 Thie Ame;rica        Sketcch  Book.
Hood were tried for stealing goods from  Louis Grignon.  Each was
fined five dollars and costs, and sentenced to receive thirty-nine lashes
on his bare back, besides making the amount stolen good to the owner
either in goods or money.
The following deed was among the first put on record in the Brown
County Court-house, and will show  the Indian valuation of ardent
spirits.  The land thus deeded is the present site of Kaukauna and
embraces one of the best water powers in the world.  The deed was
translated from the French for this work by John Detienne, a clerk
in the post office.
In 1793, were present Wabisipine and Tobacnoir who have willingly abandoned
and released to Dominique Ducharme the land from the Portage of Big Kaukauna
to the end of the prairie below, forty acres in length and on the other side opposite
the mentioned Portage, four acres in width, following the length; which the granters are contented and satisfied to release for two barrels of rum and in witness
whereof make their marks. The old Wabisipine being blind the witnesses make
his mark for him.
Mark of WABI        SIPINE.
(The Eagle.)
Witnessed:
C. HANISON.                         Mark of TOBAC        N NOIn.
LAMBERT MACABEY.
(Black Tobacco.)
But other parties having claimed the Portage have also sold their share and give
security from all trouble by accepting the payment of five gallons of rum, for which
they are content and satisfied. In faith of which they make their marks.
PA SA MIS,' his Son.
(The Young Eagle.)
Witness 
C. HANISON,  
CoIES fMES    <  BITTE.
Testified at the Portage of Kaukauna, in the year of our Lord 1793, 31st day of
August.
(Subsequent payments.)-In 1797, August 8, for part of the Portage, one barrel
of rum.
In 1798, July 16, to satisfy his sons, one barrel of rum.




iistory  of Brown  County.                     67
In 1799, to satisfy the differences between themselves, one barrel of rum mixed
for medicine.
D. DUCHARME.
TOBAC NOIR.
WACHITTE.
(The Eagle.)   WABISIPINE.,
TRIBUN.             Du          CASTOR.
Recorded on Thursday, the 18th of December, A. D. 1828, at 10 o'clock.
ROBT. IRWIN, Jr., Recorder.
In 1826, a mass of native copper, weighing about one hundred
pounds, was discovered in the alluvium near the margin of Fox River
at Green Bay; and masses of copper of less size have been found along
the river at other times. Morgan L. Martin and others give it as their
opinion that the copper was brought down from the region of Lake
Superior, during the glacial period, since the quarries on Duck Creek
exhibit a surface as smooth as if planed, as they probably were, by
fields of floating ice.
The first printing done west of Lake Michigan was executed at
Green Bay, in the year 1827, by A. G. Ellis, afterward Gen'l Ellis, a
young man who had come west in company with Rev. Eleazer Williams in 1821. The printing, done at that time, was some lottery
tickets, and the press work part of the business was performed with a
"planer," which is a small block of wood used by printers in leveling type. Thetickets were for Hon. John P. Arndt, who had lost his
store and all his personal property by fire. The lottery scheme was
calculated to reimburse him for his loss.
In 1827, Morgan L. Martin came to Green Bay. Then a young man of
twenty-two, a lawyer by profession, filled with an energy and having
a foresight which many of the early settlers lacked, he soon became a
leading spirit in the state, in which the history of almost every enterprise bears his name. While a majority of the others lived but in the
present,  Mr. Martin looked to the future of Brown County in particular and Wisconsin in general, and by his untiring exertions for their
improvement and prosperity, early laid the foundation of much of
their future greatness. From the time of his arrival to the present,
he has ever held some office of high trust as the reader will learn by
following these pages. It will only be necessary to add in this place
that Mr. Martin was a native of Martinsburg, N. Y.




68             1"ge A merica tn     e7tc  (Bi Booi.
Morgan L. Martin came to Green Bay on the sail vessel Le Grange,
one of the Newberry. boats owned by Mr. Newberry of Detroit. It
was commanded by Capt. Bingley. Another of these boats had for its
master a Captain Allen. At one time, this Captain Alien was out on
the lake in a terrific storm, when the passengers became very much
alarmed; and he quieted their fears by telling them that there was not
a spike in the vessel and it would not draw the lightning.
In 1828, Morgan L. Martin made an attempt to start a newspaper at
Green Bay and subscription paper was circulated; but a sum sufficient
for the undertaking not being raised the scheme fell through.
Mr. Dickinson's house in Shanty Town was burned in the fall of
1828. He subsequently erected another on the same site.
In 1829, Robt. Irwin, Jr., representing Brown County in the Michigan Territorial Legislature, secured the appointment of sheriff for his
father in the place of George Johnston. The new sheriff had twenty
days in which to qualify; but a few days after his appointment, the
man Hempstead was to be hung for murder. Johnston, the retiring
sheriff, refused to act, and Robt. Irwin would not qualify; as the one
did not want to signalize his going out, and the other his coming in
by taking a fellow creature's life. Accordingly Judge Doty appointed
Ebenezer Childs sheriff pro tern, and he led the criminal to the scaffold.
Childs says that he held the office of sheriff under Judge Doty's
appointment for two years and was then re-appointed by General
Cass.
The county of Iowa (formerly a part of Crawford) was organized by a proclamation of Lewis Cass, Governor of Michigan, October 9, 1829, Samuel W. Beall, Louis Grignon and Joseph M. Street
being appointed commissioners to locate the seat of Justice. The same
month, the first convention met at Green Bay to conclude measures
whereby the citizens of Green Bay might represent to Congress, among
other things, the necessity of improving the Fox and Wisconsin
rivers.
In 1830, Rev. R. F. Cadle, as agent for the Domestic and Foreign
Episcopal Missionary Society, established a mission and a school at
Shanty Town. The next year, a Catholic church was built there by
Father Mazzuchelli, which was burned on Christmas 1847. Subsequenly the Parish of St. John erected a church at Green Bay. It was
the mother parish of the different ones now flourishing in its vicinity.




-History of ~rcw' o7 ntvy.               69
The Cadle Mission School was removed in 1832 to the then town of
Navarino, now a portion of Green Bay.
From  the Advoccate is taken in substance the following history of
the Episcopal Mission:
In the year 1830, the Rev. R. F. Cadle, Superintendent and Agent of the Green
Bay Mission, under and for the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the P.
E. church in the United States, purchased of Jaques Porlier, all his right and title
whatever it might be, to a tract of land known as claim No. 18. The same year
Mr. Cadle built upon this tract of land the house that is now standing thereon and
occupied as the "Cadle Home, " and moved into it with the then Mission family, consisting of himself and sister, J. V. Suydam, one or two assistants and several boarding children; at the same time a school house was built, (the same one that is standing now, and is to be repaired and used again,) in which the school was commenced at
once and continued until the close of the Mission. The next season, 1831, farming
operations were commenced under the management of a competent farmer, and
large improvements made, by which the Mission became nearly self-supporting.
During 1831 and'32 a large addition was built to the present building, making it
more than three times its former capacity. and furnishing room for one hundred
boarding children.
Porlier's claim being rejected by the land commissioners, the society held the
land under permission of the War Department.
Mr. A. J. Irwin and Rev. R. F. Cadle, applied for a pre-emption on claim No. 18
in June, 1835. But Hon. Ethan A. Brown, Commissioner of the General Land
Office, gave his decisions on the application, Sept. 1836, adversely to the claimants
on the ground that the Missionary Society held it for the purpose of a school, farm,
etc., for the benefit of the Indians under permission of the War Department, the
grant being limited to such period as the United States may not have occasion for
the use of such lands, and to be given up to the United States whenever required to
do so. But in 1861 or'62, the Missionary Society obtained by act of Congress, and
by Patent from Government a full and clear title to the farm, embracing the whole
of claim No. 18, containing ninety-three acres. Subsequently, through the agency
of the late Bishop Annitage, it was deeded to the "Trustees of Funds and Property
of the Diocese of Wisconsin," by the Missionary Society, in trust for a Home of the
Friendless and other charitable and benevolent purposes, as a Diocesan Institution.
Under a General law of the State of Wisconsin, an organization has been effected
under the name and title of the "Cadle Home," having b Board of Trustees of which
the Bishop of the Diocese is ex-officio President, and the Rector of Christ Church
and his successors in office is Vice President. This organization is now in successful
operation and endeavoring to carry out the objects for which the property was donated by the Missionary Society of the church. The old Mission building, now fortysix years old, has been put in complete repair and is as good as new.
To Miss Ursula Grignon, the writer is indebted for a history of the
Catholic society, which was established at Green Bay in 1823, and




70                aZe Amnerican SMeke tc  (Boo~.
which was afterward centered at Shanty Town.  The information is
in substance as follows:
The first regular priest who visited Green Bay after the commencement of the
present century, was Father Richard, curate of Detroit and Vicar General of the
Northwest. This was in the summer of 1823. During his stay he solemnized a ew
marriages and performed some baptisms. A church was commenced the same year,
but was not completed when, in 1825, Father Baden came to officiate as priest.
During the summer of 1826, Friar Fauvel was sent by the Vicar General to take
charge of the society. He roomed in a portion of the church building, and through
some carelessness of his, it was burned the same all.
The next year, the citizens, aided by the garrison, put up a school-house a
few rods north of the spot where the church had stood. Here Friar Fauvel
taught school.
Soon after, it began to be whispered that the friar was an imposter, but so well
beloved was he that his people would not believe it. Some time in 1827, Father
Baden made Green Bay another visit, but would not hold his meetings in the schoolhouse because he would not recognize Fauvel as an ecclesiastic. In spite of Father
Baden's denunciation of Fauvel, that person continued to have the favor of the people, and to teach the children. He laid claim to the school-house property in 1828,
at which time he circulated a document which purported to be a certificate of his good
behavior, but which was really an instrument relinquishing the property to himself.
It obtained many signers. At length, becoming disgusted with him, the people
closed his school. But he refused to give up possession of the property; whereupon
Morgan L. Martin prosecuted him in behalf of the Catholics to obtain said property.
The case was tried before N. G. Bean, a magistrate of that time, and was decided
in favor of the plaintiffs. (This Bean had no office. He carried his papers in his
hat, and tried his cases where ever he happened to be.) Fauvel taught French at
the fort in 1829. In 1831, he was ordered to appear before a tribunal at Detroit to
answer to the charges preferred against him, and of which he was found guilty.
This year, 1831, Rt. Rev. Mr. Fenwick, Bishop of the Western Diocese, whose
residence was at Cincinnati, visited Green Bay and located a church property at
Shanty Town, Joseph Ducharme donating an acre of land for that purpose.  The
same year, Father Mazzuchelli came to take charge of the society, and he commenced the building of a church. He not only officiated as priest butwas the architect of the ouilding. The trustees were Louis Grignon, Mr. Porlier, and Hyott
Brisque. In 1833, Father Venderbroecck was sent as a missionary to assist Father
Mazzuchelli, and he, with his own means, liquida ted the church debts. The next
year, Father Mazzuchelli had a call elsewhere.  About this time, a convent was
established at Shanty Town in a building purchased from Mr. Baird by Sister Frances
De Lassalle, who was a lady of high birth.  It flourished a year or so, and then was
abandoned.  The Western Diocese was divided in 1836, and Bishop  Rese was
appointed to take charge of the part that embraced Wisconsin. He sent Father
Bonduel to preside at Green Bay. Five years later, Father Carabin was placed in
charge and so continued until the summer of 1847, when he was superseded by




Elistory of 3rown Corunty.                          71
Father Godferd. During the ministration of the latter, the Catholic place of worShip was again burned through carelessness.
The subsequent history of the society will be found elsewhere.
Previous to the establishment of the two mentioned missions at
Shanty Town, there seems to have been other attempts made in the
same line as will be seen by a letter, bearing date of June 20th, 1828,
written by Robt. Irwin, Jr., to the Baptist Mission Society of New
York, which has fallen into the writer's hands. It is an answer to the
Society's inquiry concerning the practicability of sending a clergyman
and teacher to Green Bay, and contains a description of the place at
that time.  An extract is here given,
The population of Green Bay at the census taken last year amounted to five hundred and fifty-two souls, about three fourth of whom consist of Canadians and the
descendants of Canadians and Indian women. The other fourth is composed of
English and Americans, This population i~distributed over a district of country
about seven miles in extent along the Fox River, and to which there is a French
minister of the Catholic persuasion, in whom is united the two functions of preacher
and school master, and who now has a school in successful operation. There is also
an English school in the district, but it is exclusively confined to the United States
garrison, which is not included in the above estimate of population. You will readily see that it is from the French school alone that any benefit is derived by the settlement; and from its location being at the extremity of the settlement, comparatively few are capable of availing themselves of its advantages. Consequently a
large proportion of the French population is without a school, and the whole of the
American population, destitute of both schools and clergyman. There have been
attempts made by the Episcopalians to remedy these inconveniences by the location
of a missionary at this place, but they have as often failed.
The writer of the letter goes on to say, that if a clergyman and
teacher be sent to the Bay and the school located at the county seat,
he believes that four hundred dollars per year would be subscribed by
the people to remunerate the party for his services, provided he
should come before the ground should be occupied by another.
For lack of better amusements, the people, in those early days,
delighted in  playing jokes on each other.  For instance, Alexander
J. Irwin, then a young man, was paying his addresses to the lady he
afterwards married.  He slept, at the time, in a store of which he had
charge.  One cold Sunday night, he returned late to find that his bed
had disappeared.  He slept on the counter without any covering.  But
on awaking the next morning found that the bed had been drawn up by
ropes to the ceiling.




72             Tze Amerricanc  Sketch  Book.
Another: John Kinzie, who built the first residence in Chicago,
was visiting at Green Bay. One day, he undertook to escort some
ladies to the garrison. He had lost a knife, and as they were about
stepping into a boat some one called to him from Arndt's store, saying that the knife had been found. lie excused himself to the ladies,
and ran back after the article; but as he stepped through the store
door a pail of water, put for the purpose above the door, came splashing down upon him, completely drenching him. There had to be a
change of clothes before he could cross the river.




iii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ei
Judoe  ILawve.:Col.'Willia-un Ch'apiyriarn.                          (ol. ITI. MI. ]E]astiiaii.
== =I:?::~'T:?,:
Kir                                                               -
N'~-"f
_ _ _ _ __i                        /;      ~    i~zy,;;!ifJ   IV                 mthEc








HZstcry of (Bron  Co:7nt.                  77
CHAPTER V.
SETTLEMENT OF DE PERE.-NAVARINO.-ASTOR.-BOROUGH OF
GREEN BAY.-INCIDENTS OF HISTORY FROM 1830 UNTIL 1840.
GENERAL William Dickinson, early in 1829, concluded to change his
residence from Shanty Town to the present site of De Pere, thinking
to obtain better facilities for trade. He accordingly built a house
there and, on the 20th of April, 1829, moved his family into it. The
country at that time was an unbroken wilderness. Beside Mr. Dickinson's residence there were at De Pere no places of habitation, except
two shanties occupied by a couple of French fishermen.
Mrs. Dickinson, who was a daughter of Robert Irwin, Sen., had never
up to this time been away from her relatives, and the change from
Shanty Town, where they resided, to the unbroken silence of the forest,
made her very lonely. Her little Catherine, a child of some three
years, helped to increase this feeling by crying constantly to go home
and saying that she did not like the trees. Not long after the advent
of the Dickinsons, Col. E. Child built a house near the site of the
building which is now the residence of J. W. Childs, a merchant of
De Pere. This building was purchased by one of the Irwins, and,
owing to Mrs. Dickinson's continued loneliness, her father and mother
moved into it, in order to be company for her.
The following year, 1829, Daniel Whitney laid out the village of
Navarino, now a part of Green Bay. Its site was formerly a marsh,
thickly covered with tangled underbrush, pines and tamaracks, and
inhabitated by bull frogs and mosquitoes. The theory that the whole
of this country was at one time a lake, certainly has confirmation in
the fact that half a century back, places where now are beautiful
cities and villages, and the best of farms, were nothing but bogs, as
was the case at this point.
In 1831, Daniel Whitney abandoned his residence at Shanty Town
and removed with his family to Navarino, for which place he painted
a glowing future. He had, the previous year, completed a wharf and
a spacious warehouse, a portion of a hotel, afterwards long known as
11




78              The American  Sketch cBoo.0
the Washington House, a school-house and some dwelling houses for
mechanics and laborers. For the next ten years, he continued to build
as fast as materials could be got, erecting in that time some ten stores
and a large number of dwelling houses, and he frequently gave lots to
those who were desirous of building for themselves.
After the platting of Navarino, the Shanty Town business began to
move down to the new village.
A few words here regarding the founder of Navarino. He was born
in Gilham, N. H. in 1795. He settled in Green Bay, in 1819, and
thereafter, for many years, was actively engaged in trade. It will be
remembered that he established in the mercantile business at Menominee, or Shanty Town, in 1820. He was of an investigating nature and
made numerous exploring trips through the country, also up and down
the Fox and Wisconsin rivers. In 1821-2. he was sutler at Ft. Snelling, Minn., and in the winter of 1822 made a trip from that place to
Detroit on foot with only an Indian for company. During the whole
journey, he saw but two cabins and met but one white man. In crossing one of the numerous rivers, the Indian guide became afraid that
the ice was not safe and remained on the shore. Mr. Whitney drew
the sled and loading over, but the Indian would not follow. To re-assure his companion, Mr. Whitney re-crossed, but this time broke
through with one foot. The Indian now positively refused to advance
another step; where upon Mr. Whitney returned to the sled, and providing himself with a rope and a club, again sought the Indian whom
he compelled to lie down on the ice, and be tied and drawn across the
stream. Between the years of 1825 and 1830, Mr. Whitney was largely
engaged in the lumbering business, and he built mills at various points.
From the advent of the Stockbridge Indians in 1827, until their
removal to their present locality, he kept a supply store among them
and transacted their business.
Congress, i; 1830, made an appropriation for establishing a military
road from Green Bay to Chicago and also to Prairie du Chien. Judge
Doty was one of the commissioners appointed for superintending the
work, which was accomplished during 1832.
Morgan L. Martin was, in 1831, appointed member of the Legislative Council of Michigan, representing Brown County thereat, and
continued as such until the territory of Wisconsin was organized.
By his earnest labors many valuable laws were enacted. For instance,




History of (Brown  COxnmtt.                    79
crimes in this county were punishable by whipping, by putting the
offender in stocks, and also by selling him for a period into slavery.
These relicts of barbarism, Mr. Martin was instrumental in having
abolished.
The first temperance society, west of Lake Michigan, was organized,
May 30th, 1831, by J. D. Doty, John Lawe, M. L. Martin, Richard
F. Cadle, F. Franks, John Y. Smith, John P. Arndt and J. V.
Suydam.
The Black Hawk war, which occurred in 1832, brought terrorto the
people of these settlements, as well as to the rest of the territory,
although there proved to be no immediate cause for an alarm in this
vicinity.  At an earlier day, the Sauks and Foxes had sold their lands
east of the Mississippi to the Government. Black Hawk had refused
to sign the treaty, and, in 1831, he returned with his people to the old
hunting grounds, situated on the Rock River. The Governor of Illinois, by giving them three thousand bushels of corn, induced them to
leave the country, without resorting to bloodshed. But, the next year,
they came back, determined to take possession of the lands. A body of
volunteers was now raised to dispossess them, and shortly after a war
commenced, in which the regulars took part.
Jesse F. Johnston, now a citizen of Detroit, who was a lad at the
time of the Black Hawk war and who remembered the incidents of
that period with the unerring accuracy of youth, states that before
engaging the enemy it was deemed best to place the allied Indians
under the command of an experienced captain. It was thought a
Frenchman would fill the place with the best chances of success.
But Grizzly Bear, a distinguished Menominee chief, decided the matter by putting his band under the command of Capt. George Johnston,
the father of the gentleman before mentioned. The action, he says,
was sharp, bloody and desisive, causing many of the enemy to yield up
their lives.
The following is an extract from a letter, regarding the Black Hawk
war, written by Jesse F. Johnston to his brother, Rev. T. J. Johnston,
now of San Antonio, Texas.
In the month of June, 1832, as I was returning from school, I overtook father in
Shanty Town and accompanied him home. On the way, we met Col. Boyd, then
Indian Agent, who entered into a long conversation with lather oncerning the
murders and depredations committed by the Sacs and Foxes, led by Black Hawk.




80                1e0 A rz^-rican  S'ketc'h  6Bcok.
Coi. Boyd had just received orders from the Secretary of War to organize a force of
friendly Indians to co-operate with the army then marching to the conflict. He
offered father a commission as captain which was shortly after ratified by President
Jackson. The Indian force was composed of two bands of Menominees, commanded by Lieut. Col. Samuel Stambaugh and Major Alexander J. Irwin. The first
band was led by Oshkosh and had the following commissioned officers: Capt. Augustine Grignon, Lieutenants Charles Tullar and William Powell. The second band
had Grizzly Bear as Chief and was officered by Capt. George Johnston and Lieuts.
Robert Grignon and James Boyd.
Rev. T. J. Johnston subjoins an anecdote, concerning the war,
which his mother used to relate.
After the victory, a French officer, while passing over the battle field,
observed the lifeless remains of an Indian woman, the stiff arms clasping her baby who was still alive.  At the sight, the soldier wept.
The Indians, strangers to such emotions of pity, looked upon the tears
as marks of cowardice, though he that shed them  was one of the
bravest of the brave. The Indians were pursued into what is now
Wisconsin, and one battle occurred near the Wisconsin River.  Black
Hawk was soon defeated, his followers having been cut down and scattered,  But during the progress of the war, the most exagerated reports
were circulated at Green Bay and vicinity, and the most intense alarm
prevailed.  As if to increase the consternation of the people, the terrible news was brought by a vessel called the "Mariner" that the Asiatic
cholera was in the country and was already ravaging Detroit and
cutting down the soldiers by hundreds.  No wonder that the apprehensions of the people amounted almost to insanity, shut in as they
were from the rest of the world, the savage Indians on one side and
that terrible pestilence on the other,  Fortunately, the hand of
both of those destroyers were staid before they reached the people
here.
During'the Black Hawk expedition, John Camm, an orderly sergeant, died of cholera.  His family were residing at Fort Howard,
whither he had brought them in 1827, and where they continued to
remain.  A son of this gentleman, Thomas Camm, now a merchant of
the city of Fort Howard, was among the first American children born
in the state, his birth having occurred at the fort in 1828.
The first school at De Pere was taught in 1832.  The same year, John
Y. Smith erected a flouring mill on Hell Creek, a mile and a half from
Fort Howard.




History of 6Browrn  Co'lzty.                  81.A Methodist society was organized at Green Bay sometime during
the same year, by Rev. J. M. Clark, a missionary from New York.
This organization, though never having had a very flourishing existence is still the Methodist society of Green Bav.
In July, 1833, M. L. Martin, Daniel Leroy and P. B. Grignon
explored the country from Green Bay as far south as Milwaukee.
Waukesha, Fond du Lac, Sheboygan, Manitowoc and Milwaukee were
all Indian villages at that time. The next year a mail route was established between Green Bay and Chicago, and Peter B. Grignon, now a
resident of Green Bay, was the contractor.
From 1820 to 1833, there were in Brown County no less than eight
murder trials of soldiers from the garrisons of Green Bay and Mackinaw, three of whom were convicted and hung. Mention has been
made of the latter criminals elsewhere.
July 9th, 1833, Robert Irwin, Jr., departed this life, and thus Brown
County lost one of its few energetic settlers. He is remembered as a
man of much influence and a real gentleman. He had the entire confidence of Governor Cass, who appointed him the first clerk of the
court and the first Justice of the Peace in Brown County. He was
the first post master and the first member who represented the upper
district west of Lake Michigan in the Michigan Territoral Legislature. He was chosen with one consent to fill the latter position and
kept it until he saw fit to resign. At the time of his death, he was
Indian Agent for the Winnebagoes and was stationed at Fort Winnebago. He was loved by all knew him and his death cast a shadow on
the entire community.
The first paper of Green Bay, and also the pioneer paper of the
Northwest, was started on Dec. 11th, 1833, by J. V. Suydam, and bore
the name of the Green Bay Intelligencer. There being no building
in the place, at that time, suitable for a printing office, Mr. Suydam
erected one for that purpose, a cut of which appears in connection with
this. It was the first printing office in the Northwest. About the
time, that the first number was issued, A. G. Ellis became connected
with it, and soon after Mr. Suydam retired, leaving him sole proprietor. In 1834, Mr. Ellis associated with him C. C. P. Arndt, who met
a tragic fate at the capitol in 1842. The Intelligencer was continued
by these gentlemen with sundry intervals of suspension, until 1836 or
1837 when it was sold to C. C. Sholes, afterward democratic member of




82                 "! / ze  A merica2n,Sk"etcoF  (Bool-.
the Legislature, who took his brother as partner in the printing office.
Soon afte:  this, the publication of the ITtelliqenccer was discontinued.
The next paper at Green  Bay  was the  Wisconisini  Free Press.
R. Stevenson, proprietor and Joseph Dickeinson editor, democratic in.
politics, established in 1835.  In A-ngust, 1836, the offices of the [lte!ligencer and Free Press were consolidated and the JWisconsin Deeocrat made its appearance, with H. 0. & C. C. Sholes as proprietors.'This was continued until the great fire of 1840 destroyed the business
portion of Green Bay when it was removed to Kenosha (then South
port.)
The Democrat was the first paper to move for the organization of a,lm:octirtic p arty in Wisconsin.  Its main object was to settle up the
territory  and in order to do so discussed the topics most likely to advance its growth, prominent alnon,g
= which was the Fox River Improven  __,__            meint, whereby a "direct commumnie-, tion might be opened from the'great'~"~= —-~ ——'~~- ~~~ ~- -' -W   Lalkes' to the'Father of Waters'."'lmE:,   sT JUia,,1:.TIoNGoI^ f'Ji, iN iUII..lI oKT:''  GeFn. A. G. Ellis, the pioneer editor
of the Northwest dceserves more thatn a passing mention.  He  was
borl n in Verona, New Y(ork, anid learned, the printing business at Herki-ner in th.e ofilce of the.erJdiner Amiericamn.  Upon leaving this
office, which he d(id. after,1  apprinticeship  of five years, he be gan
school teacingi and while in that employment, made the acquaintance
of Elea.zeyr Wvilliams, wtho offered himt  the situation, of secretary.
(Williams rws  i; that tha  ime in c ha.rgee of the Indian Mission at Oneida,
N. Y.)  EVlis acceledt  aeted, and.l 1i i 1 ciame with the delegation to Green
Bay, whe'ree h-  soo:: after tool uap a. pe)o inent residence.  About 1831.
he was cno,.sen_ by Col  S, C, Stambaugh., who was then the Indian
Agent, to accompany himself and a delegation of tlenominee Chiefs
to Waslhington.  It was there thbat the first Iadian  treaty was made.
W'hile mlak:ing the trip, he conceived the idea of starting a newspaper
at Green  3ay, y and. Stamibaugh favored the scheme, promising  aid in,'tl'ch:,a.ing the lmatelrial.s    Mr. Ellis went  to Detroit, in April, 1831.;mi! eontracited ior the sam.e, ptreri,:s and). i:lterial on which the 1,),teli/enlcer wvas afterward printed,  But Staibaugh spent allof his -moi-ne
befre lie returned fromn the expedit:ion, and. Mr. Ellis' plans failed of




Iistory of  trcwin  Ocuniy.                 83
execution. His subsequent connection with the press at Green Bay
has already been related. In 1852, he took up his residence at
Steven's Point and there established the Wisconsin Pinery. But his
two sons, E. H. Ellis and]P. S. Ellis remained in Green Bay and are
among the prominent men of Brown County, the former, at time of
writing, being Judge of the tenth Judicial Circuit, and the latter
Mayor of the city of Creen Bay, besides having previously held high
positions among the officials of the county and state.
From July, 1833 until 1838, the Fifth Infantry Regiment was stationed at Fort Howard with Gen. George M. Brooke in command. In
August of the latter year, Gen. Brooke was called to Prairie du Chien,
and Capt. M. E. Merrell was left in charge of the fort. Here the latter
continued until about 1845, when the troops were all removed, and
the fort was placed in the care of Major Shaler, a retired officer of the
United States Army.
Among the early settlers, during the present century, was John
Last, who came in 1833. He however worked in Menominee (the one
near the mouth of the bay) a couple of years before making a permanent settlement at Green Bay.
In 1834, John P. Arndt built the first schooner, and called it the
"Wisconsin."  The work was done by D. W. Ketchum who had a
boat yard at Green Bay, at that time. Capt. Ketchum soon after built
another schooner for Judge Arndt. This was named the Mary Elizabeth, after the Judge's two daughters, afterward Mrs. Cotton and Mrs.
Eastman.
During the year 1834, the public lands were surveyed by A. G. Ellis,
and soon after a land office was establishad at Green Bay with Samuel
W. Beall as Receiver and W. B. Slaughter as Register.
A hotel was opened in 1834 called the Navarino House, the proprietor of which was J. Wheelock. The same year, D. Ward, physician
and surgeon,-had an office at the corner of Washington and Main
streets.
The village of Astor was platted Nov. 5,1835, upon land formerly
owned by the Grignon family and Judge Lawe, but which had been
seized by the American Fur Company for a balance due them from
the Green Bay Company. The first named company, being rich and
powerful, formed a great monopoly and generally swallowed up the
smaller traders as big fish do the little ones. Hence this land passed




84             Tie& Azericacr   Ske'hz GBook.
into the hands of that corporation for a trifling sum. The proprietors
of the village of Astor were John Jacob Astor, Ramsey Crooks and
Robert Stuart. One of the principal streets was named after Crooks.
They built a large hotel on Adams street, which was called the Astor
House. This was completed in 1837. About the time that the Astor
House was built, a bank building and three or four stores were also
erected. This was done in order to draw the business from Navarino
to Astor. The old bank building is in existence at the time of Writing, but in ruins.
The first church fair was held in 1835, in Follett's old block, afterward the Bay City House. It was for the benefit of Christ's Church.
Mrs. S. W. Beall wrote the invitations in rhyme. One of these are
still extant. The following year, a fair by the same society was held
in Mr. Whitney's warehouse.
Returnining to De Pere, we note that Mr. Dickinson found his business very flourishing at the new point. He had established a ferry
for the transportation of passengers and goods across Fox River, and
also traded largely in furs, etc. So well did he succeed, that he conceived the idea of building a palace in the wilderness, and which was
to rival one which Mr. Whitney was erecting, at the time, in Navarino. In 1835, he carried this plan into execution. He erected the
building on a sightly eminence. It was high, square and surrounded
by pillars, which at that time were almost a fortune in themselves.
The building, however, was never completed. The first drawback to it
was occasioned by a quarrel between the two carpenters, who were at
work on it, owing to one's getting jealous of his wife and the other.
The jealous man left the country, and the work was stopped. Soon
after this, hard times commenced, and it was all that many of the
people could do to keep starvation from their doors. Mr. Dickinson
became involved and was obliged to abandon the idea of completing
his mansion, which stood for years, bearing the appearance of a ruined
castle and known as "Dickinson's Folly."  It was finally torn down
and the material sold at what ever price it would bring.  Mr.
Whitney's "Folly" is still in existence.
It was during this year, 1835, that the famous De Pere Hydraulic
Company was organized and the village of De Pere platted by that company. On the 26th day of January, 1835, the Legislative Counsel of the
Territory of Michigan authorized Win. Dickinson, Charles Tullar and




IEistory of (Brozn  COozunt.                85
Jno. P. Arndt to build a dam across Fox River at the head of the
rapids in said river, called the Rapide Des Peres, in the County of
Brown, to erect mills, or in any other manner to make use of the
water power created thereby, and to build wharves, warehouses and
other buildings, either above or below the dam. On the 8th day of
September following, the same parties with six others entered into
articles of association for the purpose of building the said dam and
on the 3rd day of December, 1836, the Council and House of Representatives of the Territory of Wisconsin, incorporated them under
the name of the Fox River Hydraulic Company. The following summer, they commenced building their dam and making other improvements. On the 10th day of March, 1838, the company issued a report
and prospectus in which they say: "Eighteen months ago where stood
a solitary dwelling, is now the seat of Justice of Brown County, with a
splendid court house, a jail, a large three story public house, a school
house, post office, warehouse and dock, one store, one grocery, one
blacksmith shop, one cabinet shop and twenty-eight dwelling houses,
some of which are the most splendid and best buildings in the
territory."
The rapid growth of De Pere together with the fact that the
United States' Engineers, in 1837, made a survey of the Fox and
Wisconsin rivers, with a view to their improvement so as to make a
continuous navigation from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River,
created great hopes in the minds of the stockholders of realizing large
returns from their investments. But the hard times of 1836, which
prevailed all over the country, finally reached this section, casting
their depressing influence upon it.
Having become involved, the company succeeded in getting an act
passed by the legislature, allowing them to issue bills, known as
"evidences of debt," which they turned into use by opening a bank at
De Pere. They induced the Land Office Receiver to take their notes
in payment for lands. This resulted in considerable trouble to him,
as he could not make them good. The matter finally lost him his
office. Randall Wilcox, the president of the Hydraulic Company, was
also president of the bank. The act authorizing the issue of the bills
was repealed the next year, 1838, and the bank thus became a failure.
This same year, to keep their business from being suspended, the
company borrowed $20,000 of Randall Wilcox, which the continuous
12




86              The American  Sketcih 6Boo.
hard times prevented them from being able to pay. The property
after a few years was conveyed to Mr. Wilcox by A. G. Ellis, master
in chancery, on account of the loan.
The following were the original stockholders, forming the Hydraulic Company: John Lawe, thirty shares; Wm. Dickinson, thirty;
John P. Arndt, thirty; David Ward, five; A. H. Arndt & Co., ten;
Morgan L. Martin, thirty; Joseph Dickinson, five; Charles Tullar,
fifteen; Geo. Boyd and E. Childs, five.
Hoel S. Wright came from Vermont, in 1833, and settled on the
present site of the village of Wrightstown. Here, some years later,
he established a ferry across the Fox river, and for many years this
place was known as Wright's Ferry. Mr. Wright had ambitious ideas
regarding the spot, and he tried to build up a village there to which
he gave the name of Bridgeport.
Hon. Joel S. Fisk came with his family to Green Bay in 1835. He
has been a prominent citizen of the county from that time until the
present. His son, Hon. William J. Fisk, has been a man well known
in the later history of the county.
One flourishing merchant of those early days, was William Mitchell
who came here from Mackinaw, where not long before he had married
a Miss Crawford, a young lady raised at Fort Crawford, now Prairie du
Chien.' Mr. Mitchell afterward met with reverses and his business
became a wreck. His wife died young, leaving a family of small
children. His second wife is a daughter of the late Robert Irwin, Jr.
The first regular bank west of Lake Michigan was the bank of Wisconsin, established at Green Bay in 1835, with Morgan L. Martin,
President and Henry Stringham, Cashier. A one dollar note, which
has survived the flight of time and which bears date of June 1st, 1837,
has a large I in each upper corner, and between them the pictures of
a dock at which two vessels are lying, while in the distance a steamboat is seen going away. Upon some merchandise on the dock, two
women are seated, one holding a horn of plenty, and the other a key,
a caduceus, and'a shield, bearing the coat of arms of Wisconsin.
Above this picture are the words, Bank of Wisconsin, and beneath,
ONE DOLLAR. In the left hand lower corner is adrove of cattle, and in
the opposite corner is Cupid with a basket of flowers on his head, riding upon the clouds. Between these, at the bottom, is a dog, guarding a safe, and holding the key with his paws.




History of  Brown  OoCanty.                 87
The reader must remember that at this time Wisconsin was a part
of Michigan Territory. But the three counties of Brown, Crawford
and Iowa were not included in the State of Michigan which, in 1834,
applied for admission into the Union. These counties were left with
out any form of government, or even a name, except the old name of
the Territory of Michigan. In the admission of Michigan as a state
there was a hitch about the southern boundary, which delayed the
action of Congress for a year or more. In the meantime, the State of
Michigan assumed an independent government and elected the state
officers. The old territorial government was still in existence and
continued to act. The citizens of the outside counties claimed that
the executive of the territory still continued in office, and that they
had the right to elect eleven of the members of the legislature, which
they proceeded to do in 1835. They then notified the acting governor
of the Territory of Michigan of their proceedings in electing the
members and of their desire that he should attend a session of legislature to be convened at Green Bay on the first of January, 1836.
Gov. J. S. Horner did not attend, but the newly elected members did,
and proceeded to business. This session of legislature was held in a
store building, erected by W. H. Bruce, which was near where the
Beaumont House now stands. The members from Brown County
were John Lawe, William B. Slaughter, Alexander J. Irwin, Morgan
L. Martin and one other. Col. Slaughter was chosen president of the
counsel; A. G. Ellis, was appointed secretary and J. D. Doty "fiscal
agent."  The members remained in session four days, but passed no
important acts, though one of the number offered a resolution condemning John S. Horner for not being present.
On tne fourth of the next July, the Territory of Wisconsin was
organized, which put an end to the trouble about the government.
At the first election after the Territory of Wisconsin was organized
and which was held in September, 1836, the following members were
elected to the Territorial Legislature; John P. Arndt and Henry S.
Baird to the Council, A. G. Ellis, Ebenezer Childs and A. J. Irwin to
the House. The latter's seat was contested by Geo. McWilliams who
gained it.
A treaty was made, in 1836, whereby the Menominee Indians, for
the sum of $23,750.00 and other considerations paid annually for
twenty years, ceded to the United States a large portion of their land.




88             lTae  Atmericca-n  iSetcz  Boo7k.
The payments were to be made at the lower end of Lake Wah-ne-kunne (Winneconne.) From that year, until the expiration of the time
mentioned in the treaty, the Indian payment was the great event of
each year and always made business lively and brisk while the money
lasted.
During the feverish excitement of 1836, the march of progression
brought the business of the living near to the abodes of the dead, and
the remains of the people who had been buried in the old Catholic
burying ground were, about that time, removed to Shanty Town.
John F. Lessey, a native of Ogdensburg, N. Y., arrived at Fort Howard in July, 1836, with a detachment of United States Dragoons,
commanded by Captain E. V. Sumner. The troops had been ordered
from Camp Des MIoines to "Pipe Village" on the east shore of Lake
Winnebago to quell an expected insurection of the Chippewa Indians.
Mr. Lessey'stime of enlistment having expired before they reached
the fort, he remained there instead of returning to Camp Des Moines
with his troops. The alarm had been a false one, as the soldiers did
not meet a hostile Indian in all their march.
At the Bay, Mr. Lessey met his brother, Henry F. Lessey, who had
preceded him in coming west. Shortly after his discharge, he went
back to Ogdensburg; and upon his return to Green Bay brought a
young wife with him. He opened in the grocery business, and also
started a marble cutting manufactory which he thinks was the first in
Wisconsin. To facilitate his business he purchased a sloop named
Rodolph and made trading voyages between Green Bay and Mackinaw. (The vessel was afterward wrecked in Lake Michigan, but at
that time it was the property of afisherman.  Mr. Lessey also owned
two other vessels, the Argus and the Snow-bird, which were finally
sold and taken to Lake Winnebago. He became early mixed in politics-he says, to his injury financially. He was the first marshal of
Green Bay, and was coroner of Brown County, in 1842. He served
two terms as sheriff, commencing in 1846. He says that during those
two terms of service he was out of pocket on actual expenses $35.00
more than the entire amount of his salary. But "honors were easy"
if the pay was small, and in 1850 he was elected to the Assembly; in
1853, was appointed Deputy Collector and Inspector of the Port of De
Pere; and in 1858 was again elected sheriff. Mr. Lessey took up his
residence in De Pere in 1850. His brother died at Green Bay some




History of Drown  Co.nmty.                   89
years ago; his sister, the wife of O. B. Graves, a lawyer, has been a
resident of Green Bay since 1839.)
In October 1836, H. H. Albright a relative of the Arndt family, also
came to Green Bay to reside, arriving on the steamer De Witt Clinton.
He engaged in the Indian trade in company with A. H. Arndt. In
1837, he removed to De Pere. He has been a worthy citizen of Brown
County ever since.
The landing of a boat, in those early days, was always a great event,
and when one was announced, the people flocked around it to receive
their mail as well as fresh fruits and provisions, and also to learn the
latest news. John Last, for sometime after his advent here, was employed in the store of Judge Arndt, and while there it was his habit to
run up a flag when a boat came in sight in order that the people
might be informed of its arrival. This he did on one occasion, after
many weeks had elapsed without the appearance of a boat, whereupon
the people for miles around dropped their work and hastened to the
landing-only to be informed that it was the first of April.
Col. Samuel Ryan, a native of Ireland, had been ordered to Fort
Howard with some troops, of which he was a member, in 1826. Two
years later, his time having expired, he had been assigned to a position
la clerk in the quarter mnlster's department. In 1836, he received a
commission as Justice of the Peace, from Governor Dodge. The same
year, two regiments of soldiers were ordered to be raised in the territory, and of the one belonging to the Green Bay District, he was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel. (In 1840, he was promoted to Colonel
of the same regiment.)
The first drug store in the state was that of Armstrong, Ward &
Bassett, at Green Bay, established in 1836. (In 1840, the establishment was purchased by D. W. King, by whom the business is still
continued.)
Among the early architects and builders was W. W. Mathews, now
of De Pere, who settled at Green Bay in 1836. The Presbyterian
church, the second protestant church in Wisconsin, as well as several
other note-worthy buildings were erected by him.
During the years 1836, 1837 and 1838, John P. Arndt served in the
Territorial Council.
John Marston established a ferry across Fox River, between Green
Bay and the fort, in 1838. The landing on the Green Bay side was




90                 The  Armerican  Sketc7h  6Book.
near where Cooke's Hotel now  is.  In 1839, this ferry was run by
William  Baker of Duck Creek.
D. Butler, a merchant of Green Bay from 1840 until the present
time, settled in 1837. (Since his establishment here, he has been
burned out three times.  Mr. Butler is one of the four living charter
members of the Presbyterian church in which he has been prominent
and active since its start. The other living charter members are A.
Hart, E. W. Follett and William  Mitchell.)
The historical sketch of the church, which follows, is from the pen
of Rev. William Crawford:
It is the boast of the First Presbyterian church of Green Bay, that it is the oldest
of the two hundred churches, which form the Congregational and Presbyterian Convention of Wisconsin. It was organized with twelve members in the winter of
January, 1836, the year in which Wisconsin was organized as a territory. Its present membership, (May, 1876) is one hundred and sixty eight.
The organization was effected on a Saturday evening in a small frame house, still
standing, on Adams Street near Doty, and the public recognition took place in the
Military Hospital in Fort Howard, on the afternoon of the following day. Rev.
Cutting Marsh, Missionary among the Indians at Stockbridge, gave assistance on
both occasions, and continued to preach occasionally during the summer. From the
first of November, Rev. Moses Ordway acted as pastor for six months, and abuilding
on Walnut Street near Washington was fitted up for service. Rev. Stephen Peet
became pastor, in October, 1837, and remained for two years. A house of worship
was dedicated on the winter of September, 1838. The second Protestant church edifice, completed in the territory (the first being that of the Indian Mission at Stockbridge) it still stands, though much enlarged and improved, being now the oldest
church in use in the state, but not on that account the less pleasant and commodious. The bell was the gift of John Jacob Astor.
The pastors since Rev. Mr. Peet have been Rev. Jeremiah Porter, from June, 1840
to June, 1858; Rev. E. B. Chamberlain, from July, 1858 to May, 1859; Rev. W. E.
Merriman, D.D., from January, 1861 to July, 1863; Rev. W. H. Burnard, from
April, 1864, to May, 1865; Rev. J. T. Killen from December, 1865 to April, 1869;
Rev. William Crawford, from April, 1860 to the present time.
The property of the church consists of a quarter of a block eligibly located at the
corner of Adams and Crooks Streets-with a house' of worship and a parsonage.
The congregation in summer numbers about three hundred and the Sabbath School
two hundred. The Sabbath School Library has over five hundred volumes. The
singing is led by a chorus choir of twenty five sing ers.
The fortieth anniversary was celebrated with appropriate ceremonies on the 19th
of January, 1876, and for a fuller history of the church, the reader is referred to three
historical discourses preached on that and the two following Sabbaths by the
pastor.




History of O3rown  Co7nty.                  91
In 1836, the pioneer furniture manufactory of Wisconsin was
started at Green Bay by E. W. Follett, in a building afterward known
as the Bay City House. Mr. Follett, at that time, went out into the
forests, felled the trees, sawed the timber, hauled and seasoned it, and
then manufactured not only his furniture therefrom, but also made
the entire machinery which he employed. No iron was used in the
construction of the machinery. The motive power was supplied by a
horse. But his business increased and he was obliged to fit up more
commodious quarters for the work. It may be well to follow the history of this pioneer manufactory to the end. In 1854, Mr. Follett
sold to Bender & Wolf, who soon after took an apprentice named
Albert Pahl, a steady industrious German boy. In 1866, Albert Pahl
was admitted into the firm as partner, and, in 1871 became entire
owner of the large and flourishing business.
An election was held, in 1836, for the purpose of deciding upon a
place for the county-seat, which resulted in the choice of De Pere.
But, in 1839, the people petitioned Legislature to allow the courts to
be held at Green Bay and a bill to that effect was passed. The act
was subsequently repealed and the courts were again held at the
county seat, De Pere. The result was a large amount of grumbling
by the Green Bay people. The clerk of the court, a Green Bay man,
is said to have been particularly indignant. He walked from Green
Bay to his office at De Pere and back daily, carrying a broom and dinner pail.  Why he always lugged the broom, the writer is not
informed. Perhaps he was not able to furnish two and wished to preserve neatness in both stopping places.
The first store at De Pere was opened, in 1837, by Geo. W. Mowers
on the corner of Broadway and St. Charles street. The building was
since torn down to make room for George C. Sager's store establishment. He was followed in the business by John A. McKesson, John
B. Langlois, J. F. Cox, John A. Breck, Birdsall Bros., William Dickinson, D. W. Ketchum & Co., Randall Wilcox and others.
D. W. King and family settled in Brown County in 1837. Mr.
King opened in mercantile business at Green Bay the same year. In
the fall, he made a trip to Detroit, which place he left for Green Bay
oi December 1st, taking passage on a boat as far as Milwaukee.
There he found Judge Lawe and Louis Grignon waiting to obtain
some kind of conveyance that would take them to Green Bay. Solo



92             _   e Anzericcan  S7ec"T  Book.
mon Juneau finally fitted them out with a rig. Judge Lawe, Louis
Grignon and a lady, who chanced to be coming this way, occupied the
single sleigh, and Dr. King rode on a horse, which Mr. Grignon had
purchased in Milwaukee. The mail had been accumulating for several weeks at Milwaukee and this they volunteered to take to its destination. The Milwaukee River was not yet closed, and while attempting to cross it, or some branch of it, the sleigh capsized and the occupants together with the mail, experienced a wetting. But Mr. King
rode across in safety. On their arrival at home, December 31st, they
found the mail frozen into one solid mass, which took days to thaw.
There must have been some anxiety manifested while that mail was
being distributed.
A fierce jealousy existed between the villages of Navarino and Astor
from the time of the founding of the latter, until January 11th,
1838, when they were united under the name of the Borough of Green
Bay, the former becoming the northern portion, and the latter the
southern portion of the new village. Morgan L. Martin was the first
President of the new Borough.
A company of militia, named the Green Bay Rangers, was organized in 1838,-M. L. Martin, Captain; Seth Reese, First Lieutenant;
G. W. Lawe, Second Lieutenant; Chas. A. Grignon, S. A. Baldwin,
John Last and George Williams, Sergeants. It was a company of
cavalry, and their uniforms consisted of pantaloons and short jackets of
dark green cloth, with yellow trimmings, and caps topped with yellow
plumes.
This year, Mrs. D. W. Ketchum and Hannah Low organized a Sunday School at De Pere. This was, for many years, the only observance
made of the Sabbaths at that place.
On December 2nd, 1838, Rev. Bishop Kemper consecrated a church
at Duck Creek, erected by the Oneidas from funds received by the
Government. The next year, Rev. S. Davis was placed in charge of
the society.
The De Pere court house was built in 1838 at a cost of  a,7d.);
Mathew Washburn, contractor. The contract shows the names of A.
J. Irwin and A. G. Ellis, supervisors. The first term of court held in
it was in the spring of 1829, by Judge A. G. Miller. Charles Tullar
was sheriff, and Gorden Childs, clerk of the court.




History of  Brown  County.                   93
Judge Doty was elected to Congress, in 1838, and served until 1841.
(This gentleman who was for twenty years a resident of Green Bay,
dating from 1824, was a native of Salem, Mass. He was a lawyer by
profession, and was a prominent and useful man as long as he lived.
In 1841, he was appointed Governor of Wisconsin, which position he
held three years. He was a member of the first Constitutional Convention, in 1846. In 1848, he was elected to Congress and re-elected
to the same position in 1851. He died at his residence on Doty's
Island, June 13th, 1865.)
To vary the monotony of a succession of dry historical events, a few
incidents and anecdotes, relating to the early times, are here inserted.
When the Territorial Distlict court was held at De Pere about the
year 1838, under the rulings of Judge Fraser, who presided at that
time, Gov. H, one of the members of the bar, had some little difference with the court, and commenced walking back and forth on the
floor with his arms folded across his breast. The judge ordered him
in a loud voice to sit down, but Gov. H  continued to walk, and the
judge commanded him in a still louder voice to sit down.  Gov. Hwould not stop, whereupon the judge ordered the clerk to strike Gov.
H's name from the list of attorneys of the Brown County bar.
Gov. H-        then very leisurely left the court, and walking over to the
hotel, informed the clerk that his Honor would not hear him at the bar
on the next street, and he had called to know if they would hear him
at that bar, saying he would take a glass of gin. After drinking, he
took a seat and "viewed the landscape o'er" a few minutes, when the
sheriff appeared and informed the governor that he had been re-i::stated by the judge-that a case had just been called in which his
name appeared as one of the council, and that the court requested his
immediate presence. Gov. H1    remarked that the thing had turned
out just as he anticipated, and taking the sheriff's arm he returned to
the court room.
The writer, a short time since in listening to some reminiscences a
told by an early settler, gleaned the following interesting incidents
relating to the Indians:
Perhaps a greater celebration was never known at Fort Howard
than in 1822, when the Menominees and Winnebagoes assembled at
the old Agency House, not long before vacated by the death of the
agent, Col. Bowyer, to greet the Not-ta-ways or New York Indians,
13




94             I'Te -A merican  S77etch 6Booc.
who the year previous had purchased a tract of land from the Menominees and had now come to make a payment of $1500, as well as to
make endeavors for securing a larger tract. A great feast followed the
payment, lasting two days. There were present, including the settlers and the New York Indians, some six or seven thousand people.
The war dance was performed by the native Indians, the dancers
meanwhile brandishing the scalps of their numerous victims and uttering the unearthly war-whoop. One scalp had long fair hair, and
silently told the history of the murder of some defenceless white
woman.
Another incident concerning Oshkosh may be of interest. Some
time during 1826, Ak-e-wah, supposed to be a young half-breed, while
paddling a canoe in the early dawn, near the mouth of Hell Creek
(now Hill Creek) saw a movement among the tall rushes and supposing it to be caused by a deer, fired his gun in that direction. He then
paddled through an opening to see the effect of the shot, but found to
his horror, a canoe, and a dead Indian in it.  As he had accidentally
killed the Indian, he had no desire to conceal the deed; accordingly he
put the body into his own canoe and paddled down to Green Bay to
the camp of Oshkosh, where the dead Indian had belonged. Oshkosh
had been drinking, and on being informed of what had happened, he
plunged a knife several times into Ak-e-wah's body; but Ak-e-wah
finally broke the knife, though previously severely wounded. Oshkosh
then called a few of his followers to assist, and dragging the young
man to the river, held him beneath the water until he was dead. Oshkosh was arrested for murder, but it was proved that Ak-e-wah was a
pure Indian and the courts had no further jurisdiction in the matter.
It was this same Oshkosh whom, at the treaty of Butte des Morts, the
Indians commissioners chose to be chief over the Menominees. It was
through his instrumentality that the lands of the New York Indians
were given to the United States. Another prominent man among the
Menominees was Grizzly Bear, so named by Col. Stambaugh. His real
name was Kaush-kaw-no-niew, or the great speaker.
In the earlydays, when the Rev. Cutting Marsh was missionary to
the Stockbridge Indians, on Lake Winnebago, and kept the only house
of entertainment between here and what is now Fond du Lac, Col.
Childs, Judge Martin, the late H. S. Baird and one or two others were
journeying southward and tarried at the mission all night. It was the




History of (Brown  County.                    95
custom of the good missionary to distribute testaments to the members of his family and his guests, before sitting down to the morning
meal, and thus to read in alternate verses, a chapter or two of the
Scriptures, of his own selection. On this occasion the chapter selected
was in Timothy. Mr. Marsh read his verse and the regular
members of the family each their own, and Judge Martin his, and the
time when Childs must read was becoming imminent, and he hadn't
found his place yet. Finally the succession actually reached him
before he reached Timothy in his testament. But still struggling
among the saints and the apostles, confused and mortified, in his despair he forgot the character of his host and the solemnity of the occasion and was heard to mutter, sotto voce, "Where in hell is Timothy?"
Col. Chas. Tullar was one of the old settlers. He was a fine shot
with a rifle. One time he saw from the agency house a couple of
Indians seated on a small hillock with a bottle of whisky between
them. He took aim at the bottle and shivered it to atoms although
the distance was so great as scarcely to warrant such an attempt with
a certainty of success. The Indians gave a howl and fled away in
terror.
An incident told of a Green Bay druggist will show how great a
profit was at one time'made on his class of goods. An Indian came in
to purchase some article which was put up for him at a charge of
twenty-five cents. The savage took the article, laid down six cents
and walked off. "Come back! that's wrong!" exclaimed the seller.
Indian took no notice. "Come back, I say!" was shouted. But on
the Indian marched. "Well, go," cried the druggist pettishly. "I have
made five cents any how."
Among the ludicrous events of early times is astory told of a party
of men who got on spree. One of them, whom we will designate as
General, became so drunk as to be insensible, and his companions, who
were but little better off, thinking him dead, procured a coffin and put
him into it. Then after marching around town until the general was
in danger of being frozen, for it was winter, they left him, coffin and
all, at his own house. When the others became sober and found that
he was alive, they wanted to return the coffin to the store from whence
it was obtained; but the general claimed and held it, compelling them
to pay for it. From that time until his death, he kept it in his possession, and was finally buried in it.




96               7T'X. Ao;oicz   S tc27e   xBoc,.
This incident is equaled by another of a similar char acter which
transpired a little later. Three men got on a spree, and were taking
ta jolly ride with a fast horse, when one of the number fell into a
drunken sleep from which he could not be roused. The others had
imbibed just enough of the fluid to be reckless; and, chancing to pass
the grave yard, they conceived the idea of laying him out on the top
of a grave, then watching unseen ifor his awakening. They actually
carried the plan into effect, though it was about midnight and they
knew that it would be morning before the victim would awake. The
sun was shining brightly, and the birds were singing merrily when he
finally became conscious of his situation. He raised slowly to a sitting posture, viewed his surroundings deliber;ately and ejaculated:
"Resurection morn and the first man alive!"
The Appleton Crescent, in 1854, in continuing some reminiscences of
Green Bay given by Gen. A. G-. Ellis, asks that gentleman if he remembers an Indian scare that occurred in 1832, when a company of
militia men, under the command of the general, slept on their arms
in momentary expectation of an attack. A lumber pile happened to
fall, causing them to think that the enemy was at hand; whereupon
the brave soldiers fired their guns, bellowed for help, and ran like a
fire on a dry prairie.




History  of  (Brown  County.                        97
CHAPTER VI.
RECOLLECTIONS OP MRS. MARY IRWIN MITCHELL.-HISTORY OF THE FOX
RIVER IMPROVEMENT.-SKETCH OF THE   GREEN BAY ADVOCATE."GREEN BAY FROM 1840 TO 1850.
HERE the writer will digress from  the straight line of historical
events, in order to give a half century's recollections of Mrs. Mary
Irwin Mitchell, of Green Bay, who was, as before stated, the first
child born to any of the actual white American settlers in the State
of Wisconsin.  Many of the events to which she alludes are treated
of more fully in other pages of this work.
RECOLLECTIONS OF MRS. MARY MITCHELL.
My father, Robert Irwin, Jr., came to Green Bay from   Er'e, Penn., as early as
the year 1817. He was engaged in business as a trader with the Indians and the
few white settlers then here. The troops had been stationed here about a year before. The fort barracks, at that time, was on the hill and was known as Camp
Smith. It was in the vicinity of the old barracks  that the village sprung up
where my father built his house and brought my mother, a bride of nineteen years
in the year 1820. It was on the 1st of October, of that year, that my mother first sailed
up the beautiful river (upon whose banks she has so long resided) after a very
rough passage up the lakes in a small sailing vessel. I have often heard her desscribe the day as being one of those soft hazy autumn days so peculiar to our Indian
summer, and which was most delightful to her after the stormy voyage. There
were, I think, but two or three American families, here, outside of the fort, but
quite a number of those of French extraction, whom my parents always esteemed
as valued friends. Among these the names of Lawe, Grignon, Dousman and
others are prominent. Here let one pay a tribute to the memory of Mrs. John
Dousman, who was a resident here in that early time. After her family had made
homes of their own, where they are respected and esteemed, she, with her daughter
Jane, spent many years among the Indians as a devoted missionary of the Romish
church, doing much good. She finally passed away about four years since, at an
advanced age. Her daughter is still a resident of this city.
My earliest recollections of a home are of a house one story and a half, built and
furnished comfortably, although of logs, weather-boarded outside and plastered
within. The old house still stands, almost the only one of that early day, on the
traveled road between this place and De Pere. As a child, I thought it beautiful, for
my parents devoted much time to improving the grounds and making it what it




98                 The A merican  S'keoTh  6Book.
was previous to my father's death, a pleasant home, for this far-away land. Indeed
the early American settlers here scarcely knew anything of pioneer life as I have
seen it since in other parts of the state. Our houses were comfortable, if iot elegant,
and furnished as nearly like Eastern homes as was possible considering the difficulty of transportation in those times. Mr. Daniel Whitney was building when my
mother came. This store stood a few rods north of my father's, on the west side of
the road. There, too, he built his dwelling house, where his family resided until
their removal to the new town of Navarino, now Green Bay. My father's store
answered the two fold purpose of variety store and post office, he being the first
post master appointed. These were in the lower part, while the upper room was
sacred to Masonic mysteries, being occupied as a lodge room, for some time. Just
south of our house, stood a hewnlog house, built for one of the officer's quarters and
occupied at first by Maj. Baker, of the 1J. S. A. My grand father, Robert Irwin,
Sen., resided there after his removal from Detroit in 1823. He first came to this
place as quartermaster to the troops, sent here in 1816. His family consisted of
four daughters and three sons. Of these one daughter and the three sons have long
since passed to the other shore, not living to see the improvements, to which they
had looked forward so hopefully, in this land of their adoption. In 1824, Mr. H. S.
Baird came bringing his young bride. Then commenced a friendship between our
families, which years only strengthened, continuing until the last sad look was
taken, just one year since, of the man who was the friend of the fatherless and
widow, in every sense of the word. My memory takes me back to days when but a
child of five or six years, my delight was to go to their house always welcomed and
entertained by Mrs. Baird, who still lives, respected and beloved by a large circle of
friends.
In 1826, Mr. D. Whitney added to our little circle by bringing to his home a fair
bride from far-off Vermont. There too my memory shows me a beautiful home
with a head whose heart and hand were even ready to do good deeds, and from
whose door none was ever turned empty away. The friendship began then has
never been broken, and when, a few years since, we were called to follow to his last
resting place, the remains of Mr. Whitney we all felt that a man had gone out
from us who was every thing to the place in the way of untiring energy and perseverance under difficulties attendant upon the settlement of a new country, as well
as a kind and generous friend.
Judge Doty,afterward Governor of Wisconsin and later of Utah,came here with his
bride the summer of 1823, and made their home in our family for some time. They
have passed away leaving many sincere friends to mourn their loss. Gen. A. G.
Ellis came here about this time. Of him I have an affectionate remembrance, having been an inmate of his family, when I was but six years old, attending school
taught by him for the. children of the fort. This may seem singular that so young
a child should have been sent from home, but my father's literary taste and desire
for the education of his children led him to embrace every opportunity of giving
them the few advantages of that kind here. He himself has carefully carried his
little daughter from our home every Monday morning across the ice, a distance of




History of (Bron Ccun.                                     90
two miles, and returned again to take her back on Friday evening. I have often
thought my parents paid a high compliment to the worth of Mr. and Mrs. Ellis to
have entrusted to their care so young a child. Mrs. Ellis died many years ago, but
her gentle kindness to me I can never forget. Here many names come to me of
families at the iort, who formed so pleasant a part of the society in that time and
also many of the officers who have since figured in our country's history; but of
those I will not write as they were here but for a time while I remember only those
among whom I grew to womanhood. There were a few families left at the old barracks at Camp Smith, after the removal of the troops to Ft. Howard in 1824, among
whom was the family of Capt. D. Curtis, who had resigned.  In one of the terrific
thunder storms which were so common here then, their house was struck by lightning and Mrs. Curtis and a servant man were both killed.  Although I was but
three years old at the time, the event is impressed upon my mind as distinctly as
though it was but yesterday. Capt. Curtis taught a school near Robinson's Hill, just
south of the residence of Mrs. Peter Grignon. Mrs. *Curtis was a sister of Col.
Whistler.
At that early day, the only mode of communication with the outside world was ly
water in the summer season, and in the winter by a mail once a month, carried
through from Chicago on a man's back. The day on which the mail was expected
was almost a gala day, the inhabitants thinking of nothing else, and often going
out several miles to meet the mail carrier. In the summer, sail vessels were the
usual mode of travel, although at long intervals a steamboat would arrive laden
with a party of pleasure, who as I remember were delighted with everything.
There being no hotels here, the private residences were thrown open and these
pleasure seekers were entertained csmetimes for several days. In the autumn of
1824, Judge Arndt's family came here and located in a house on the site of the
presentresidence of Mrs. H. 0. Crane.  They opened the first hotel in the place,
and well was it kept. Their table was always such as would delight the epicure;
sojourners found a pleasant home, while the inhabitants were always sure of a cordial
welcome. Their memory still remains a pleasant one in the minds of the "old settlers" while their descendants form  a large part of our most valued citiz ns.  Mrs.
*Mrs. Curtis was the wife of Capt. Curtis of the Third Infantry and the daughter of Major
James Whistler, a revolutionary officer, who still continued in the service ahter the close of
the war, and who, during the early part of the present century, commanded at Chicago. She
was also the sister of Col. William W histler, and of-Major George W histler, the great engineer.
She was buried in the old Catholicburying ground in Astor not far from  ir. Mitchell's store.
Her remains were afterward removed to the church yard at Shanty Town. Her husb and did
not longsurvive her. This couple left two small children, a boy and a girl, named Loomis and
Irene. During the stormy night succeeding their mother's death, the little ones were taken to
the house of their aunt, Mrs. George Johnston at the Green Tree, and so tenderly cared for by
Mrs. Johnston that they soon loved-her as a mother. Here they remained until the Third Infantry
was ordered from Fort Howard, when their uncle, Col. William Whistler. took charge of them
and educated them. Loomis lived to become a most excellent young man, and died, in thel fll
flush of manhood, of yellow fever at New Orleans. Irene married Major laniel H. Rucker,
now General Rucker. Assistant Quarter Master General, whose head quarters are at Philadelphia- and their daughter Irene is the wife of Gen. Phil, Sheridan. One who knew Mrs. Curtis
well has said of her: "The picture left on my mind is that of a warm hearted, amiable, refined
and intelligent lady, heightened and relived by a gentle force of character that inspired respect
and not fear," She is said to have repeated herself in her daughter, Mrs. Daniel B. Rucker, who
is a most worthy lady. Gen. Rucker entered the United States Army in 1887 as an officer of
dragoons. His army record is very brilliant. He distinguished himself in the Mexican war;
and in the late war his conduct, according to Government reports was "gallant, meritorious,
aithflf and diligent."-B. F.




100               The Americact   Sketch  (Book.
Cotton, the eldest daughter, with her husband celebrated their golden wedding a
little more than a year ago. In 1827, came Morgan L. Martin. a handsome young
lawyer, who for sonm time was a member of my father's family. He has been a
resident here since that time, occupying positions of trust in the state, as the history
of Wisconsin shows, and being identified with the River Improvement.  TIe is now
one of the very few men left of those who figured in our early history. In all this
time, the privileges of church and school were very few. My first recollection of
attending church was to hear the Rev. Eleazer Williams, the would-be "Dauph:il.'
He was a missionary to the Oneida Indians, but preached occasionally for the peoplI
in the village, the place of worship being the small log building, before mentioned,
on Robinson's Hill. There was no regular preaching until the establishment of the
Mission, in 1830 when Rev. R. F. Cadle came as missionary, accompanied by his
estimable sister. The building of the Mission House was a great event, and seem;ld,
in my eyes, something above the common order, it being the second frame building
erected in the state. (The first was a house built for Judge Doty, on the south of
the river near De Pere, in 1825, and of which nothing remains but the old chimney,
it having been destroyed by fire several years since). The Mission House was soon
filled with children, mostly French and Indians.  The schools were taught by a
Miss'Kellogg, (who was afterwards the wife of John Y. Smith,) and Mr. J. V.
Suydam. The children of the village attended as day scholars, and my school days
there are very pleasant to remember. Of Mr. Cadle, I cannot speak too highly.
He was truly the children's friend, kind and gentle, and combined instruction with
amusement. Although not regularly a teacher in the school, he almost always had
some of the children in his own room. A pleasant picture in my memory is the old
Mission House and grounds so neatly and tastefully kept by its refined and cultivated heads. A year or two after this, a young lady, Miss Caroline Russell, a friend
of my mother came here and taught a school for the village children. The
school house stood on the west sicde of the road at the foot of Camp Smith hill.
The old jail stood a short distance south of it, nearer the river; and there were
imprisoned and executed two soldiers for murder. Miss Russell taught school about
two years, and afterwards returned to her home in Erie. It was about this time,
1829, that Mr. Whitney laid out the town of Navarino, now Green Bay. He built
a hotel called the Washington House, on the site of the Beaumont House. Its first
proprietor was Gen. Wheelock, who came here from New York in 1833.
In 1827, I think, my grandfather built a house on the hill just back of where my
father's house stood, and there my Uncle Alexander took his wife who was a cousin
of Capt. Henry Smith, of the U. S. A., and with whom she was residing at the tine of
her marriage. In 1830, Mr. Henry S. Baird went with his family (accompanied by my
aunt, Miss Jane Irwin, now Mrs. J. V. Suydam, and Miss Rebecca Rees, now Mrs. J.
L. Whitney of Detroit,) to Prairie Du Chien making the journey in a bark canoe
paddled by Indians. On leaving this place, a party of ladies and gentlemen
escorted them as far as the island since known as Doty's Island, or Menasha. My
parents were of the party and took me with them. The trip up the river I remember as very pleasant, the party stopping the first night at Mr. Augustine Grignon's




History  of DBrown   County                      101
at Kaukauna, who entertained us most hospitably. Miss Francis Henshaw, sister of
Mrs. Whitney and afterwards the wife of'Rev. Truman Post of St. Louis, was one of
the party, adding much to its life by her fascinating manner. The second night,
the party encamped on the island; but about mid-night we were aroused by heavy
thunder and were obliged to leave the tent which was pitched at the foot of a large
tree, the gentlemen fearing it would be struck by lightning. A tent was made
under the awning of the boat which was taken off for the occasion. While lying
under the edge of this shelter, with the rain pattering in my face, I remember thinking I could not see much pleasure in that trip and wishing I were at home. The
next morning, the companies parted, Mr. Baird and his party pursuing their journey
while we others turned our faces homeward. The rain poured down all day and we
were obliged to walk around the rapids at Kaukauna, while the men with the boats
dashed over them. The remembrance, uppermost in my mind now, is of our thorough drenching and the red clay on our feet, rendering it almost impossible to walk.
We reached little Kaukauna at about ten o'clock at night, the rain seemingly
increasing, when the men who rowed the boat refused to go any farther before
morning. They ran the boat ashore and left us. As there was no house where we
could be accommodated our situation for a time was not an enviable one. However
by offering more pay, the men were prevailed on to start again and we arrived at
home some time in the small hours of the morning. This was a pleasure trip.
I think it was some time about 1828 or 1829, that the first settlement of De Pere
was started. Mr. Wm. Dickinson who had married one of my father's sisters, and
who had resided until this time at the old place, Shanty Town, removed to what is
now De Pere, then a wilderness. He resided there until his death, and most of his
family still remain there. In 1830, there was a treaty with the Indians. Gov. Cass
and a large number of Commissioners came on and were quartered at our house, my
father having the contract to board them. There were a great many Indians here,
and this, added to the arrival of so large a party of persons engaged in the business
of the treaty, caused quite a stir in our quietvillage. In 1832, came the excitement
of the Black Ha-wk war. As I remember, the inhabitants were quite alarmed, for
the fort was being repaired and in case of an attack would afford no safety. However we were not molested. At the time, it appeared a serious thing, and I have now
letters written by my father, who was a colonel of the Militia, to the Stockbridge
Indians urging them to join the companies here; also an address which he made to
the company under his command. The next year was one long to be remembered
by me, as in that occurred my father's death. He had received the appointment of
Indian Agent at Fort Winnebago, and gone immediately to enter upon his duties,
although his health had been very poor for a year past. He thought the change
would benefit him, and, leaving his family to follow him in a few weeks, proceeded
to that place in a canoe, accompanied by my uncle, Samuel Irwin. Scarcely had he
been there one month, when he was prostrated by a violent attack of illness, and
died July 9th, 1833. As it was so difficult at that time to hear from remote places,
my mother did not hear of his illness until it was too late for her to reach him. She
started however on horseback, accompanied by Mr. J. V. Suydam, and went as far as
14




102                The Americans Sketc7h Book.
Butte Des Morts, where she was met by my uncle with the sad intelligence that she
was a widow. She returned in the canoe, in which my uncle was making the journey, to her desolate home and fatherless children.
I may be pardoned here if I say a few words of my father. During the years of
his residence here, he was honored with many positions of trust, and elected several
terms to the Legislature of Michigan. He finally resigned the position as it compelled hint to be absent from his family so much of the year. He held the interests
of this country in high estimation and was active.in promoting them. He was a
kind and loving husband and father and true as a friend. He was universally
respected in his life and mourned in his death. I had oeen sent from home to school
the month in which he died, under the care of Mr. John Kinzie and family. We
made the journey to Detroit on on a small steamer and around Lake Michigan on
the west shore to Chicago, and on the east shore to Mackinaw. There was but one
house on our route from here to Chicago-that of Mr. Juneau at Milwaukee. The
fort and old French settlement comprised the village of Chicago. The steamboat
anchored out in the lake and we went ashore in boats.
My mother removed from our old home, in 1834, to Ashtabula, Ohio, for the purpose
of educating her family, consisting of three daughters and one son.  We resided
there two years and then returned to tnis place in the fall of 1856 just in the midst
-of the great land speculation. We found many changes here. Emigration had
set this way, and every boat was crowded. This place was changed. Nearly all the
families who resided at the old village of Shanty Town had removed to Navarino,
and besides we found a number ol new comers. Mr. Thomas Green was proprietor
f the Washington House, having removed here fiom Plattsburg in 1834. There
axe many pleasant recollections connected with that old house, not only in my own
mind but in many others who were here at that time. The genial manners of Uncle
Tommy and his amiable lady, for many years made their house a desirable stopping
place. The business was done almost entirely on Washington Street, but it gradually.extended to Astor which was then being laid out. Some of our citizens built their'houses on the hill which was then considered out in the country.
In 1837, the Astor House was built on the corner of Adams and Mason streets.
It was a large three story frame building and was furnished elegantly for that day.
The first proprietor was Mr. Charles Rogers, who was afterwards murdered in the,sreets of New York city. There was a large warehouse built about this time,
-where the Wis. Cen. Depot now stands. There the boats landed as well as in the
lower part of the town, for there was as much business there in Astor as in Novarino.
About the same time also, the old Bank Building was commenced but it was never
completed. The eastern end was finished and occupied as the "Bank of Wisconsin," and afterwards as Post Office and Land Office. The west end was finished
up stairs very nicely and occupied a long time as a dwelling house. The Presbyteiian Church was built in the fall of this same vear, the fortieth anniversary of
which has been celebrated the past winter. Rev. Mr. Peet, pastor of the church at
the time, has since been identified with much of the religious interests of the state.




HisJcry of Brown  Coznty.                            103
The (Episcopal*) Christ Church, was also built during the season. This same year
several families came and settled at De Pere, among whom were Mr. Robert Stewart,
who had removed the year before from New Jersey. He with his large family
made a pleasant home on the west side of the river just above De Pere, and many of
them are still living among us, honoring the name of their excellent parents. Mr.
Randall Wilcox too came to De Pere the same year, with his family, making a great
acquisition to our society, for at that time this place and De Pere were next door
neighbors. Of Mr. Wilcox it may be said he was really and truly a gentleman of
the old school, while his wife and daughters made a home so attractive as to be a
favorite resort for parties from this place, who always found a cordial welcome. Of
those lovely girls, three have long since passed from earth. Mr. Wilcox died about
four years since, after a long and useful life, leaving a vacancy which can not soon
be filled. Mrs. Wilcox still survives, living with her daughter, Mrs. J. W. Arndt,
In September, 1837, my mother left the old homestead, and removed to this place,
which has ever since been her residence. Business did not increase very rapidly but
there were accessions to our society constantly. Many families came here who
afterwards moved into the new country about Neenah, Oshkosh and Fond du Lac,
so that nearly all the first settlers in those places had resided here a short time. In
the fall of 1840, I think, Maj. Shaler came on here to take charge of the fort, which
had been partially abandoned, although a few officers had remained, among whom
were Capt. Merrill, (afterwards killed in the Mexican war,) and lieutenant, now
Gen. J. C. Robinson, and Lieut. Root. Maj. Shaler resided here many years, and afterwards moved to Omro, where he died a few years since. There were but few
families on that side of the river outside of the fort. Col. David Jones came here, I
think, in 1835, as sutler to the fort, and was afterwards Indian Agent. This
family occupied a house just south of the surgeon's quarters, outside of the fort,
and near the end of the Main street bridge. Col. Ryan occupied another house.
south of that, and these, I think, were all the houses on that side then.
For a few years the fort was abandoned, but troops were stationed there again
from 1849 until 1853, when they were ordered away for the last time; though during
the late war, a few volunteer companies were stationed there. Since then the land
being sold to the Northwestern Rail Road Company, the houses have been moved
away; until now nothing remains but the flag staff. A pleasant picture of the old
fort still lives in my memory, as it stood so snowy white with the grassy banks
sloping to the river's edge, where always lay the row boat, for the accommodation
of those who Wished to cross, manned by the soldiers. They also had a large boat
called the barge, nicely fitted up, and which was often called into acquisition for
pleasure excursions, gotten up by the officers at the fort. The remembrance of those
few years is of a very social community, united almost as one family. The people
although not wealthy, enjoyed all the comforts, and many of the luxuries of life,
without that eager grasping after riches which characterises the present day. This
*Christ Church parish of Green Bay was established in September, 1829-Wardens, Daniel
Whitney and A. G. Ellis; Vestrymen, James D. Doty, Wm. Dikeman, John Lawe, A. J. Irwin,
John P. Arndt, S. W. Beall, Robert Irwin and H. S. Baird. Of the church built in 1837, E. W,
Follett-was the architect and-.builder.-B. F.




104              eTh  American Srketch B0ooc.
being so long a military post, and the officers having so much leisure, which they
devoted in a great measure to amusement, as a natural consequence this would
have an influence upon the small society here, so that our people have always been
said to be a very pleasure loving people.
In October, 1840, mS sister Adaline married Mr. David Blish and nephew of Mr.
D. Whitney, and went to Kenosha, (then Southport) where she resided many years.
They made their wedding trip in a wagon made of rough boards, that being the
only vehicle which could stand the wear and tear of those roads. I think they were
five days making the journey. Mr. Blish was one of the passengers on the ill-fated
Phenix, burnt on Lake Michigan, Nov. 20th, 1847, and lost his life in endeavoring to
save others, leaving my sister a widow with four children. She afterwards married
Mr. Wm. S. Strong of Kenosha and died nearly two years ago, loved and mourned
by the community where she had so long resided. My youngest sister married Mr.
Luther Whitney, another nephew of Mr. D. Whitney. They have been for several
years residents of Muskegon, Mich. My only brother, many years since went to
Texas where he still resides. In all these years the great event was the annual
Indian payment, whither all the men of the place went, and many were the adventures related on the return. That was the harvest time of the merchants.
In the year of 1840, occurred the first great fire which this place had experienced.
I believe it started in a building or warehouse on the site of the store of Duchateau
Bro's. The late W. D. Colburn occupied it as a store and dwelling house.'At a
later fire, Mr. Colburn was also a sufferer, having his store and dwelling house
again destroyed. Mr. Butler too was burnt out at the same time. Here I would
mention that while Mr. Colburn occupied the building destroyed in the first fire, he
was nearly drowned out twice, the water rising in one of our severe storms, and
nearly submerging, the lower part of the town. Since that time the ground, from the
site of that old store occupied by Mr. Colburn, to the place where Weed's mill
stands, has been made, the river then taking a north easterly direction, from the
foot of Main street and running within a few feet of the north west corner of the
Beaumont House.
In 1840, Rev. Mr. Porter came here with his family, as pastor of the Presbyterian
church, and continued with us eighteen years, enduring the many hardships and
privations attendant upon the life of a home missionary, as the church was not alle
to sustain him without outside aid. They endeared themselves by their christian
life and unwearied efforts to do good, not only to their own flock, but were ever
ready to extend their labors of love to all the settlements around. Eternity alone
will unfold the result of their labors here. The remembrance of those years is very
precious to those with whom they were intimately associated. Two of their children born here, a son and daughter, are now laboring as missionaries in China, while
the parents are still doing what "their hands find to do in the Master's vineyard."
Of Rev. Mr. Homman too, I would speak. He, during these same years, was rector
of Christ Church a part of the time, and was also beloved by all who knew him as
was also his excellent wife. They have both passed to their reward.




History of Brown County.                            105
In the fall of 1840, quite an excitement was raised in our quiet town, by the visit
of the Prince De Joinville and suite. From that time began the question of Rev.
Eleazer Williams, being the lost Dauphin. The Prince visited and seemed quite
interested in them, and after his return to France sent them many valuable presents.
In this same year, Mr. Nathan Goodell came to this place, from Detroit, as agent
for the Astor Company, and he has resided here ever since, and has always been the
"right man in the right place," from managing so extensive a business as that of
the Astor Company, down to driving a snow plough on bitter cold mornings, when
the snow was piled to the top of the fences. Of a kind and genial disposition, he
has ever been ready to assist those in need, even to his own loss, and even now,
although exceedingin age the allotted three score and ten years, is active and energetic in promoting the interests of our city. For many years, it was his custom on
Sabbath mornings, in winter, to take his horses and large sleigh, and gather up those
who could not attend church if obliged to walk. In 1842, I married William Mitchell,
and went to reside in the house now occupied by Mr. L. J. Day, which was built
by Mr. Mitchell in 1836. In 1846, business called my husband to Mackinaw, where
he had formerly resided, and we removed there. At that time there was very little
business here, and of course no encouragement for regular boats to come here.
For several years before this time, there had been a small boat running from here
to Mackinaw once a week, which route many preferred in going to Milwaukee
rather than to ride over the rough roads. Then there was a daily line of large
steamers from Buffalo to Chicago. At the time of which I write there was no regular boat, and we took passage on the Astor, a small boat owned by Mr. Goodell,
but which had never been out of the river. There were quite a number of our citizens who wished to go east, but who dared not venture on the Astor, preferring the
journey by land to Milwaukee. Our family numbering six, Mr. Goodell and daughters, Mrs. D. W. King and two children, and a number of others concluded to run
the risk and went on board the boat, some of us feeling as though we would stand
as good a chance of reaching Mackinaw, if we jumped into the river. However,
thanks to a kind Providence, we had good weather and arrived safely at Mackinaw
after ajourney of thirty-six hours. Just before reaching there, a heavy rain fell, and
as the deck of our boat was not waterproof, we received the benefit of it, the water
being so deep on the cabin floor as to oblige us to sit with our feet on the chairs.
I think Mr. Goodell made three trips with this boat that season, but she was finally
wrecked on the shore of Lake Michigan. In this same year the Robinson Bro's
came to this place with their estimable mother, and established the Advocate so long
and well known among us.
After a residence of one year at Mackinaw we returned here on a small boat
having had a chapter of accidents, such as the bursting of the cylinder of one boat
obliging us to return to Mackinaw, and wait several days to find another boat.
This was scarcely seaworthy and before reaching here the crank broke so that we
came into port with only one wheel.
In 1850, Mr. Otto Tank came here with a view of settling a colony of his own
countrymen in this county. They were members of my family during that summer,




106               l7te American  Sketc7  Book.
finally concluding to remain here permanently. Mr. Tank died several years since
and his daughter, an accomplished lady and devoted christian, also died about three
years ago. She was very active in the relief work of the fires of 1871, and in sp
doing injured her own health, and died in the winter following. Mrs. Tank still
survives. In 1856, the River Improvement was finished and the day was one of jubilee when the first boat, the Aquila reached here from Pittsburg, by the Ohio and
Mississippi. Every bell in the place was rung, the old cannon at the fort fired, and
hurrahs were echoed from every quarter, all however drowned by the most unearthly
whistle of the boat itself. This was the long expected time to which the old settlers
had looked forward as the event which was to make a city of this place and all our
fortunes besides. Years have rolled on since then, and other improvements have
been made, fortunes made and lost, and Green Bay has become a city with thousands of inhabitants, but no event, it seems to me, has had the stirring effect upon
the people, which the completion of that River Improvement had. For a number
of years, the travel was by thee boats; and although it was tedious passing through
so many locks, still the beauty of The scenery made the trip a very pleasant one.
Now we come to the year of the war, which brought to us in common with our whole
country sorrow and pain. My two elder sons enlisted as musicians, one sixteen and
the other fourteen years of age. They were in the band of the 12th Wis. Inft.
A gracious Father watched over them and they returned home at the end of the
war, withoutra wound, both being discharged before they were of age. My husband
who had received a commission to raise a company of French and Belgians, accompanied by Father Bonduel, went through the settlement for that purpose, but was
unsuccessful, those people being very much opposed to the war. Father Bonduel
injured his own health by exposure at that time and died soon after. Many of our
valued citizens left their homes, to participate in our country's struggle. Some
returned, but many laid down their lives a sacrifice for their country, The history
of our place is of prosperity since the war.
The fall of 1871 will long be remembered here, for the great forest fires,with
their horrors upon horrors. No one but eye witnesses can realize the sufferings of
that time, nor can any one understand, the gigantic charity of the whole country,
but those who were on the spot. Words would fail to describe the incidents of
that time. It was a work of months dispensing these goods and those, who were
engaged in the relief business, will long remember their experience as an era from
which to date.
In reviewing this article, I find a history of the events of more than half a century,
which have passed under my own eyes, and which had 1 the pen of a ready writer
might have been made much more interesting; but if this sketch, drawn from
memory alone, (for I have never kept any record of passing events,) serves to give
an idea of life in the old time, the memory of which is fading from the minds of
those who were actors on the stage then, I shall feel that the hours spent in writing
it have not been wasted.
Returning to her own researches of Brown County history, the
writer comes to the great fire of 1840, which destroyed a large part of




History of (Brown  County.                 107
the business portion of Green Bay. It caught in the store of W. D.
Colburn, spreading rapidly until it had consumed much valuable
property. There not being.sufficient men for the task, the ladies
worked with untiring energy to save the spreading of the flames.
The effects of the fire were so depressing upon business, that the W'isconsin Democrat, the only paper then being published in the county,
was moved immediately afterward to Southport.
Mr. David Ward, now of Wrightstown, gives the information that,
up to 1840 orlater, there were no district schools at Green Bay. About
that time, the school commissioners, who were John F. Lessey, Henry
Sholes and himself, succeeded in raising a school fund, which they
used in opening the first public school. This measure was strenuously
opposed by a larger number of both Catholics and Protestants, who
were not satisfied to have the church tenets banished from  the
schools. But the more liberal minded people carried the day. The
public school system'gained ground little by little, until now the citizens point with pride and pleasure to the public edifices where their
little ones have every opportunity of obtaining a superior education.
The first steamboat to navigate to Fox River went up in 1841.
She was the Black Hawk, Captain Peter Hotelling, master, and was
originally an Erie Canal boat, but had been fitted up with a propeller
wheel and an engine. She was drawn over the several rapids with
machinery and ox teams on the shore.
In September, 1841, an association started the Green Bay Republican, a Whig newspaper, H. O. Sholes, publisher and C. C. P. Arndt,
editor. After Mr. Arndt's death, H. S. Baird occupied the editorial
chair for a season. S. Ryan Jr. had entered the office at the outset
as devil, and progressed so rapidly that in November 1844, the control
of the establishment passed into his hands, whereupon he changed
the name of the paper to the Wisconsin Republican.
A newspaper known as the Phoenix was also published at Green
Bay in 1841, with J. V. Suydam as publisher and Judge J. G. Knapp as
editor. But on the night of the 23rd of December, 1841, the office
and considerable other property were destroyed by fire; and so the
paper died at the early age of six months. The press on which it had
been printed was the old Ramage which had brought the Intelligencer
into life.




108             The American., Sketlc7h  Bc7.
During the summer of 1841, Capt. T. J. Cram one of the Topographical engineers, surveyed the line between the State of Michigan and
Wisconsin, procuring his assistants from Green Bay, The party lived
four months on bread and salt pork, and as a consequence became
infested with the scurvey.
During a session of the third Territorial Lgislature, convened at
Madison, Charles P. Arndt, a citizen of Green Bay, the son of John
P. Arndt, and a member from Brown County, was murdered in the
council chamber by James R. Vineyard. This occurred February 11th,
1842, under the following circumstances: A motion had been made to
lay on the table the nomination of E. D. Baker, which was opposed
by Mr. Arndt, because he said, the gentleman from Grant (Mr. Vineyard) had given the highest testimonials as to the character of the
nominee. Mr. Vineyard interrupted by declaring this to be a falsehood. Soon after a motion was made to adjourn and a division had
thereon. As the members in the negative arose from their chairs,
Mr. Arndt passed over to the side of Vineyard and demanded an
explanation. Hard words followed, and the two were separated by the
by-standers. After the adjournment, Mr. Arndt again demanded an
explanation, whereupon Vineyard repeated his assertion that Mr.
Arndt's statement was false. On hearing this, Mr. Arndt struck Vineyard in the face, and the latter immediately fired upon his assailant.
Arndt fell into the arms of Mr. Deering and died in a few moments.
The council expelled Vineyard but he received no other punishment.
Sometime during the year 1842, Albert Weise settled at Green Bay
and in October of the same year started a carriage and wagon manufactory, which still flourishes.
Political strife began to run high about 1844. At an election,
held about that time, David Jones, a whig, claimed, with considerable
force, that two illegal democratic votes had been cast. The judges,
Col. Ryan and Major Shaler, to quiet him, offered to open the ballot
box and take out two democratic votes, which they accordingly did,
without tlinking what the result might be; for upon learning the
facts, the opposition party had the judges arrested, brought to trial
and fined.
In April, 1844, M. L. Martin bought the steamer Patronage for the
river trade, but found that she was too large. Afterward, Luther




Eistory of ~Browrn  OC-nt'J,.                109
Hagedon, built or purchased  the hulk of the Astor and put the
machinery of the Patronage in it. The Astor was also found too
large to navigate the Fox River (this being previous to the completion of the "improvement") and she was put on the lakes.
On September 22nd, 1845, Morgan L. Martin was elected delegate
to Congress. The next year, 1846, witnessed the passage of a bill for
the improvement of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers which was accomplished through the persevering efforts of the delegate, Morgan L.
Martin. As the Fox River Improvement has always been and still is
a work of vast interest to Brown County and in fact to the whole
state, it is necessary to give a brief outline of its history here:
Early in the growth of our country, the Government discovered that
such improvement would be of great benefit not only to the people
in the immediate vicinity, but to the entire west, and took steps which
must ultimately result in its completion. A divide or portage separated the waters of the Fox River, that flow into Green Bay, from the
those of the Wisconsin, which by the way of the Mississippi, lead to
the Gulf of Mexico. This portage is but a mile and a half in
width. The Wisconsin River at that point has an elevation of about
two hundred feet more than the Fox River at its mouth. The portage, being a level, sandy strip of land, was frequently overflowed, and
then the waters of the two rivers would be mingled. By means of a
canal across the portage and of locks to overconie the fall of the Fox
River, a direct navigation could be established between the lakes and
the Gulf of Mexico by the way of the Mississippi River. By sufficient dredging, large draft boats would be enabled to pass at all seasons, when the rivers are unimpeded by ice.
By an act of Congress, passed by the instrumentality of Hon. M.
L. Martin, and approved August 8th, 1846, the Government of the
United States granted to Wisconsin, certain lands on either side of
Fox River, and of the canal to enter the same, to aid in such improvements as were necessary to make complete navigation from the
lakes to the Mississippi, the act to take effect on the admission of
Wisconsin as a state. The grant was accepted in 1848. "At the
same time" says the report, "a law was passed appointing a Board of
Public Works to carry out the purposes of Congress. The Constitution of Wisconsin forbids the creation of debt. The Board were therefore confined in their expenditures to the amounts received from the
15




110            l'e A;^: e;ric-n  Ske tchZ B3cc~.
sale of land, and the progress of the work was entirely dependent
upon such receipts. The population of the state was then comparatively small and the amounts of unsold public lands large. This
caused delays in securing the advantages of navigation, the collection
of tolls upon commerce, and subjected the enterprise to heavy and
unnecessary'expenses. To avoid these evils, after having expended
$301,359 upon the work and about $128,000 for other purposes, the
state resolved to abandon the whole improvement." A number of persons residing on the line of work, impressed with the vast importance and interested in the speedy development of the resources of
the Fox River valley, were not satisfied to see it thus summarily
abandoned. They formed an association and offered to complete the
enterprise, if the necessary legislation was secured to enable them to
do so without sacrifice. This proposition was readily accepted, and
the required charter passed to carry it into full effect.
The Fox River Improvement Company was organized by an act
approved July 6th, 1853, with a capital stock of five hundred thousand dollars, divided into shares of one hundred dollars each, under
bonds of two hundred thousand dollars to the state to complete the
work in a given time. By this act, the state could become owner of
the works by the payment of the actual costs of building and operating it to the company, at the end of twenty years. The first directors were M. L. Martin, Mason C. Darling, Otto Tank, Edgar Conklin,
B. F. Moore, Joseph G. Lawton and U. H. Peak.
The Company was so far successful that on the first of October, 1855,
the first boat passed from Lake Winnebago to Green Bay, and in June
of the following year, a steamer purchased by parties residing at the
latter place, made the round trip from  Pittsburg, Pa., throulgh the
Ohio, Mississippi, Wisconsin and Fox Rivers and discharged her cargo
on the wharf of the Company at Green Bay. All that the charter of
the company required had thus been accomplished, except payment of
a small part of the debt contracted under state authority; but the hostility which had always existed in other parts of the state to the
improvement, would not allow the company to enjoy the fruit of their
energy and enterprise. They had procured from Congress a liberal
construction of the grant of lands, from which to re-imburse themselves for about a million dollars of money already expended. A committee of the Legislature recommended a violation of the charter by




His ocry of  BroTnv;   cO-o,'.                111
taking from the company the grants before solemnly guaranteed and
applying the proceeds of the lands to other works in the southern
part of the state. At that time, the country, watered by the Fox
River and its tributaries, was sparsely settled and its representation in
the Legislature comprised but a small part of that body. The company which had saved the works from abandonment by taking it from
the superintendence of the state authorities, and had demonstrated its
pra.cticability and usEfulness were, therefore, at the mercy of lho:tile
legislation and compelled to accept any terms which might be imposed
upon them.
An act was passed requiring the company to convey all their land
and property to three trustees appointed by the Governor and charging them with a large amount of additional outlay, by constructing a
channel of more than twice the capacity contemplated by their charter. The result was obvious to any one acquainted with their affairs.
Encumbered with debt and forced to incur a further burden, the company maintained its organization for a few years, but was finally
driven into insolvency.
In February 1866, the trustees through power in them vested, sold
at public sale the works of improvement and the unsold lands and
applied the money thus raised to pay the state indebtedness and to the
completion of the works according to the plan specified in the deed of
trust. The proceeds were sufficient to meet such demands, the stock
and bondholders receiving nothing.  The purchasers were incorporated on the 15th of August, 1866, as the Green Bay and Mississippi
Canal Company, and as such company held the works df Improvement. This company, after holding the work a short time, as specified
in the charter, disposed of it to the Government of the United
States in 1872. But a more perfect navigation is needed and the Gov-.ernment is now making yearly appropriations toward a better improvement. A few years hence, the dream of its projectors will be realized.
Large boats will be able to pass the whole distance, and a regular line
of steamers will be run from Green Bay to the Mississippi during the
entire summer season.
To the untiring energy and persistent endeavors of Morgan L. Martin, the improvement of Fox River is mainly due. It was a great work
and presented many, discouragements which would have disheartened
a less enterprising man. But his life, energies and fortune were all




112             T;ze Ame7ricLz   Ske'cih  Booek.
devoted to the cause, and most nobly has he succeeded in its accomplishment. Incidents connected with its history appear in other parts
of this work.
Another of the great events of 1846 was the establishing of the
Green Bay Advocate, which has had an existence of over thirty years.
A history of Brown County, or indeed of Wisconsin, would beincomplete without an outline of the history of this paper, so intimately has
it been connected with the rise and progress of the state. -The first
number was issued on the 13th day of August, 1846, by Messrs:
Charles D. and Albert C. Robinson, brothers, who came here from Buffalo for that purpose-the former as editor, who has retained that posiion until now, through the thirty years of its existence, with only short
intervals-one occasioned by his serving a term as Secretary of State
for two years; another by a term of service in the War of the Rebellion; and another by a year's sojourn in Europe, mainly for the benefit
of his health, which was seriously threatened by a paralytic attack,
from  which, however, he completely recovered. The only change
ever made in the proprietorship was the recent additon to the firm of
Mr. Dorr Clark, the son-in-law of the junior proprietor.
The initial number of the Advocate was a small sheet of six columns.
It had a fair amount of advertising. By reference to it, the following
persons are found to have been doing business at Green Bay at that
time. H. S. Baird, D. Agry, S. R. Cotton, T. 0. Howe, John A. Eastman, attorneys at law; Ed. Hicks, William D. Colburn, O. P. andW.
A. Knapp, John F. Lessey, L. Day & Son, Saunders & Godin, D. Butler,
and William Carland, merchants; D. W. King, druggist; S. French,
and Oliver G. Steele, dealers in books and stationery; H. A. Learned
& Co., hardware dealers; Ed. E. Brenan and John F. Phillips. tailors;
Nathan Goodell and D. W. Bromley, commission merchants; Elisha
Morrow, land agent; Thomas Green, proprietor of the Astor House.
Before the close of the year there had been a few additions; among
them were George I. Wallace, attorney; and 0. B. Graves, gunsmith.
The original material for the paper was brought here by these gentlemen from Buffalo on one of the earlier steamers, the Columbus,
Capt. Dorr, running in the Buffalo and Green Bay line. The senior
proprietor, Mr. C. D. Robinson, had arrived previously on the 4th of
July, on a tour of inspection to ascertain whether a new paper would
be supported, and had formed his conclusions so rapidly that the




Kid'o-/ry  of 3r;ztun  Cou4nty.              113
material was ordered forward, from Buffalo by the return boat, only
two' days after. It consisted mainly of second-hand presses and type,
taken from the Buffalo Pilot establishment, with some new material
from N. Lyman & Son's type foundry in that city.
At that time, another paper existed at Green Bay-the Republican,
whose proprietors were the Ryan Brothers, who now publish the
Crescent, at Appleton. No other papers existed north of the latitude
of Madison and Milwaukee, though there were papers at Fond du Lac,
Sheboygan, Beaver Dam, Watertown, &c. The Ryans withdrew from
the field not long afterwards, starting a paper at Fond du Lac, and
later at Appleton, and for a long series of years the Advocate was alone
at Green Bay.
It was very natural that the proprietors of the Advocate, being
quite young men and inexperienced in the conduct of a paper, should
distrust their ability; and Col. C. D. Robinson now tells a good story
on himself, which will serve as an illustration.  Before leaving Buffalo, he had gone to his friend, the editor of the Buffalo Pilot, and
prevailed upon that gentleman to write a salutatory article forthe new
paper.  This article, Mr. Robinson carefully preserved and brought
with him as one of his choicest treasures. With this he proudly
imagined he was to blossom forth a full-fledged editor in his new
Western home. But even this pardonable pride was to meet with a
fall. The type for the initial number of the paper was set up, with
the exception of the leading article, or masterpiece, which was left to
the last. The eventful day of issue arrived, and Mr. Robinson, before
leaving his lodgings for the office, carefully deposited the manuscript
in his hat. A high wind prevailed that morning, and alas! on his
way to the office his hat blew off, and the priceless manuscript sailed
away upon the gale beyond all hope of recovery, leaving the newlyfledged editor to rely only upon his own resources to fill the column.
Col. Robinson in describing this event, says that, for nearly the whole
of that day, he almost regarded his great enterprise as being wrecked;
but in his room that night, stretched at full length upon the floor, he
undertook its reconstruction, partly from memory and partly from his
own resources, resulting in a production,.which, looking back upon it
now, after thirty years of experience, he doubts if he could equal,
much less improve in any essential point.




114              T'e' Amerzcnv   SZe  a       c ok.
The Advocate has always been steadily Democratic in principle,
never supporting any man or measure seeming to the editor as
unworthy, or of doubtful utility; looking more intently upon absolute
right and justice than strict party views, without fear or favor. It
has thus sometimes been in direct opposition to some of its party
measures, or has been in advance of the party in measures subsequently acknowledged as accepted Democratic principles.  The Colonel tells an incident in this connection which came near being a serious joke upon him. At one time, he being called to other duties, his
wife occupied the editorial chair during his absence. What his surprise was upon finding that in one short week his paper had changed
politics, and had stepped out of the ranks of democracy, can only be
imagined. The howl, which his surprised patrons set up, could only
be hushed by his explaining that his editor pro tern belonged to the
opposition party.
In the war for the suppression of the great Rebellion, while too
many of the Democratic papers of the country gave but cold comfort
to the Union cause, the Advocate upheld the Union arms, and Col.
Robinson dropped the paper and took up the sword in its defence,
remaining in service until compelled to leave it to recover from an
almost mortal illness resulting from the exposures of camp life.
While] prominently connected with the politics of the state, Col.
Robinson has avoided office holding or seeking. In 1851, he was
elected Secretary of State, and held that office through'52 and'53,
and was at one time since the candidate of his party for Governor.
The Advocate has not been exempt from the ups and downs, inseparable from newspaper life. The beginning was in a modest way, and
in 1853 the office was burned, totally destroying presses, type, and
everything-no insurance existing on any part of it. In this emergency, the senior proprietor being absent, and the junior sick, their
mother, Mrs. Emily Harris, a woman of great energy and self reliance,
without hesitation left for Buffalo by steamboat and purchased for
them a new outfit complete, on the credit of their good name; and in
a few weeks the Advocate reappeared, looking brighter and younger
than ever. It is now among the largest papers of the State, having
ten columns to the page, with a circulation quite up to the average of
the prominent papers in the United States, and will celebrate its
thirty-first anniversary on the 13th of August of the year 1877.




HIistory of Brcown  Co^nvtv.                  115
Col. Robinson came out of the army with health so shattered that
for several years, the question of his recovery was one of much doubt;
and this was greatly aggravated in 1868, when he suffered a stroke of
paralysis, which wholly disabled his left side.  Leaving the establishment in charge of his brother Albert, who undertook the sole burthen
of its editorial as well as business management, he set out with his
energetic and devoted wife for Europe, and, for nearly a year traveled
up and down the continent in search of the Goddess of Health. He
never definitely overtook her, but, as he describes it, touched the hem
of her garment repeatedly during the journey, and came home conmparatively a well man, having in this interesting year traveled over,
and written his impressions upon, England, Scotland, Ireland, France,
Germany, Belgium, Holland, Austria and Italy. These notes, in the
shape of letters, were published in full in the Advocate, and Col.
Robinson is now revising and preparing them for publication in book
form.
A view of the Adtocate block, as it at present exists, is presented
with this sketch. Below are the general office of the firm, steam
press room, etc. Above is the large, and well furnished editorial room
whose walls are covered with pictures from all parts of the world, and
At —~  -—;~ —-~-..representing many noted people:,' and places. Here are the desks of
na~vocAt s   L.=o    -   the editors and also that of the
l Alb s~:.       energetic assistant editor, Frank
Tilton.  On one side of the editorial room is tihe large bindery preTEHARRShl~W  -.:... U IIIWII!~sided over by an experienced workman, George Emerson.  Back of
natives of Marcellus, N. Y. Charles D. Robinson was born in 1823,
and Albert is two years his junior.
T. E. Harris, who occupies a store in the Advocate block, is a half
brother to these gentlemen.
Upon Mr. Martin's return to Green Bay after the passage of the
Fox River Improvement. bill, through his instrumentality while in




116            hze American  8keotc'h  Book.
Congress, the citizens of Brown County tendered him a public dinner.
The celebration in honor'of his labors occurred on September 9th,
1846. The letter of invitation and commendation bore date of Sept.
8th, 1846, and was signed by D. Agry, William Dickinson, T. O. Howe,
and John P. Arndt as committee. To this letter, Mr. Martin made a
very appropriate response.
J. S. Fisk was appointed post master at Green Bay this year.
Daniel Bromley came to Green Bay and opened in the tin and hardware business during 1846, continuing the same business some twenty
four years. He represents the old settlers at that time, with a few
exceptions, as being rather indolent and averse to building up the
country. Upon the day of his arrival, he says that he stepped into
Dr. King's store, and found that gentleman taking a nap on the
counter. On glancing into the back room, he discovered Gen. Green,
Col. Tullar and Edward Outhwaite, there enjoying a quiet game of
cards. He concluded immediately that business in this loc:,lily was
not pressing. Not long after his arrival, Mr. Bromley began to
agitate the matter of making a good road between Green Bay and
Fond du Lac to secure the trade in that direction. But the majority
of the old settlers would not listen to such a proposal. When asked
why they objected, they declared that they did not want any more
people here, for more people would bring more tradesmen, and that
would injure their own business. From this statement, inferences
regarding the slow growth of Green Bay may be easily drawn.
We have to record the death of three old settlers. On August 5,
1846, Col. George Boyd died. He was sent to Green Bay in 1831 as
Indian Agent which office he held until a few years before his death.
Major John A. Me Kesson, an old resident of Brown County, died at
De Pere, January 20, 1847. On May 8, 1847, Hon. Henry Baird
father of H. S. Baird departed this life, aged eighty-four years. He
was one of the early American settlers of Green Bay.
At the April election of 1847, the people were allowed to vote on a
state constitution. The Borough of Green Bay polled one hundred and
forty-one votes for it and eighty-two against it. The following persons
were elected to office: Chairman of the Board of Supervisors for the
Borough of Green Bay, Thomas Green; Town Clerk, E. S. Desbrow;
Treasurer, E. Morrow; Collector, D. W. King; Assessor, Edward
Outhwaite; School Commissioners, T. O. Howe, N. Goodell and








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I-istory of Brozn,   C-::mt.                 121
Augsustus Rosse u; Justice of the Peace, Robt. Gibson; Constables,
J. P. Dousman, James Rouse and Peter Brunette. Town of Howard:
Ephraim  Shaler, Supervisor;  Clerk, Lemuel Tyler.  De Pere:
Randal Wilcox, Supervisor; and Reuben Field, Clerk and Treasurer.
At the fall election, Charles L. Wheelock became Register of Deeds;
Thomas Bennett, Treasurer; Peter Lafond. Coroner; and A. G. Ellis,
Surveyor.
The three first lodges of Odd Fellows in the State of Wisconsin
were organized June 10th, 1847.  These were the Hope, No. 17,
Friendship, No. 18, and Green Bay No. 19. The charter members of
the Green Bay Lodge were T. O. Howe, H. O. Scholtz, H. S. Baird, D.
W. King, John Day and C. L. Wheelock. The first meeting was
held in a building afterward known as the Bay City House. The following were the first officers: H. S. Baird, N. G.; H.' O. Scholtz, V. G;
J. V. Suydanm, S.; G. S. Armstrong, T.; T. C. Morgan, W.; T. O.
Howe, C.; E. S. Disbrow, R. S. N. G.;... King, L. S. N. G.; C.
L. Wheelock. R. S. V. G.; John Day, L. S. V. G.; E. Hart, I. G.; T.
Bennett, 0. G,; A. C. Robinson, R. S. S.; J. W. Arndt, L. S. S. The
Green Bay Lodge is still flourishing. "This Lodge" says a worthy
member "has founded four other lodges beside contributingmore than
its share of members on the institution of the Lodges at Foid du Lac,
Oshkosh and Waupun. It has also supplied the Grand Encampment
with one Grand Patriarch, Prof. Werden Reynolds, compiler of the
Wisconsin Digest; and the Grand Lodge with a Grand Master and
Grand Representative. The latter is the Hon. M. P, Lindsley of
Green Bay.
On June 14th, 1847, Hon. Alex J. Irwin, a prominent and useful
citizen of Brown County, died. Mr. Irwin was of Irish descent and
was born at Greensboro, Penn., in 1799. He located at Green Bay in
1823, from which time until his death he held public office. He was
for many years, while this state was a part of Michigan, clerk of the
United States' District Court. In 1836, he was chosen as representative of Brown County to the Territorial Legislature, and, in 1837, as
a mmmbsr of the Council, in which office he continual until 1843,
when he resigned. In 1815, he became Receiver of Public MIneys,
and remained such until his death. His widow Mrs. Frances Irwin,
survives him and is still a worthy resident of the City of Green Bay
in 1876.
17




122             The A.mericcz  S57tcch  B ooo.
The second Wisconsin Militia Regiment was organized at Green
Bay in the fall of 1847, with the following officers: Colonel S. Ryan;
Lieutenant Colonel Charles Tullar; Major S. Irwin; Adjutant Reed
Bartlett; Paymaster D. M. Whitney. John B. Jacobs received a
commission as Captain of Company No. 6.  The first drill was on the
grounds. east of the present residence of L. J. Day, and transpired on
Sept. 6th.  A court martial was held at the house of Gen. Wheelock
on December 12th of the same year. A few samples of the military
fines imposed at that time are here given: H. E. Eastman, $2., G. W.
Featherstonehaugh $5., J. L. Lessey $2., T. L. Franks $2., Ed Hicks$2.
From 1842 until 1847, H. H. Albright and Nathan Goodell were
engaged in the shipping business at Green Bay. In 1847, Mr. Albright
was employed with Dr. Judd in the Receiver's office. This gentleman
says that his duty was to take care of the gold and silver which often
accumulated to the amount of $20,000. It would then be transported
to Milwaukee or Chi6ago, Mr. Albright taking it in a stage with him,
and not even carrying a revolver for self protection. At night, he
would pile up the boxes of moniy in his bed room, make his bed upon
them and sleep without fear of being molested.
During the year 1847, H. H. Albright engaged in the mercantile
business in Astor; and in 1852, he bought out A. A. Smalley, who for
many years had been a leading merchant of Green Bay. In addition
to his mercantile business, Mr. Albright engaged largely in lumbering, forwarding and fish business. In 1855, he was elected city treasurer and held that office for two terms. About this time, he had a
line of boats on the Fox River and operated two warehouses on the
Desnoyer & Day docks.
About the close of the year 1847, S. Ryan Jr., removed his paper,
the Republican, from Green Bay to Fond du Lac.
The year 1847, witnessed the formation in Green Bay of Washington Lodge; No. 21, of Free and Accepted Masons. In former pages
has been noted the first glimmering of the "mystic light" in this
region and the history of the organization and decline of the first
lodge traced. The brethren, prominent in that earlier lodge, have
nearly if not quite all gone to their reward.
On December 23d, 1847 the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin granted a
Dispensation for the formation of a Lodge at this point, naming as
officers: Henry S. Baird, W. M.; Nathan Goodell, S. W.; Solomon




H"istory of Drown  Coun'.                      123
Davis, J. W.  December 16th, 1848, a charter was granted the Lodge.
The Charter members were Henry S. Baird, Solomon Davis, Nathan
Goodell, Wm. Dickinson, A. P. Williams, Robt. Irwin, Sr., G. Dunlap.
The, officers named  above continued to serve in their respective
capacities for foar years following the date of the dispensation, each
of them at subsequent times being called to important stations.  The
first meeting of Washington Lodge was held over a store on Washington street occupied by D. Colburn.  The last communication in
that room was held on June 24th, 1849, (St. John's Day) on which
occasion the Lodge marched in a body to the building on the corner of
Adams and Doty streets, then owned by N. Goodell, and took possession
of the same as a lodge room.  This was the first public parade of the
fraternity in Green Bay, Wim. Dickinson acting as'Marshal.  After
taking possession of the new room, they marched to the premises owned
by MSr. Dunlap (now Mr. D. W. Britton's residence on Main Street.)
where a booth had been erected and where a dinner was served.  Some
of the older brethren recall with amusement the appearance on this
occasion of a late well known militia colonel in full regimentals, ofliciating as drum major of the band that had been hired to head the
procession.
(In October, 1852, the Lodge moved into the hall over Desnoyer's'Gothic" Block, corner of Washington and Cherry.  They remained
there until the year 1859, when they moved into a hall fitted up
especially for their use in Baird's stone building, on Pine street.
Here they continued to meet four years.  In the spring of 1863, they
removed to the third story of Desnoyer's brick building, Washington
street, (now a two-story edifice.) On April 1st, 1869, this. building
was almost wholly destroyed by four, the Lodge losing the original
cha-rter. all of their effects and a portion of their books, including all the early records. Through the courtesy of Green Bay and
Hermann Lodges of Odd Fellows, Washington Lodge held its communications, during some time ensuing, in the hall of the former. In
June, 1870, they took possession of a new hall prepared especially for
them in the third story of Mrs. E. S. Whitney's block, on west side Washington street, where they are still located. Their room is spacious,
handsomely furnished and appropriately- fitted.
Of the charter members, N. Goodell is the only one now  living.
He continues an active and zealous member.  Several members remain




124              T'2e Americca   S7~Cetcc   Bcoc.
who were initiated during the first year of the existence of the Lodge.
The last report to the Grand Lodge shows one hundred and twenty-four
Master Masons. The present officers are A. W. Kimball, W. M; J. M.
Norris, S. W; J. F. Lyon, J. W; D. W. King, Treas; D. I. Follett, Sec;
A. Pardee, S. D; J. H. Case, J. D; R. Schwarz, Steward; R. Sommerville, Tiler.)
The Catholics having lost their church in Shanty Town by fire on
Christmas eve, 1847, the next year, 1848, they bought the Methodist
Church in Astor, which they occupied for several years.
The election records of the spring of 1848 give the following result:
Burough of Green Bay-Chairman of the Board of Supervisors, D.
W. King; Clerk, Ed. Outhwaite; Treasurer, William  Mitchell; Justices, Charles Chapman, John Woutman, Edwin Hart and N. Goodell;
School Commissioners, T. O. Howe, A. Rosseau and E. W. Follett.
At De Pere, R. Wilcox was again elected Supervisor, and at Howard,
Col. S. Ryan, the same.
During this year, a light-house was erected on Lang Tail Point,
near the entrance of the bay, which had the effect of increasing the
harbor facilities very materially.  The schooner Rossiter, built by D.
W. Ketchum  of De Pere was launched on April 24th.  Some time
during the year, Joel S. Fisk was appointed Registrar of the land
office.
John Jacob Astor died in 1848, leaving the bulk of his property to
his son, William  B. Some years later, the Astor property in Green
Bay was put up at auction and the greater portion of it sold. (One of
the agents of the American Fur Company was the late Samuel
Abbott, whose widow still resides in Green Bay.  Nathan Goodell was
also for a long while the agent for the company.  On his resignation,
Henry S. Baird was appointed to fill the place, and on the death of
the latter, James S. Baker took the agency.)
Some incidents of historical interest occurred in 1849. A telegraph
line* was completed to this place on November 20th of that year, and
business began to grow more lively and prospects better.  The fort
which had not been garrisoned for some time, now became so by two
companies of soldiers under the command of Col. Lee. (The govern*This line afterward fell into disuse and the wire became a plaything for the boys who would
string it for miles up and down the roads. In consequence, this part of the country was without a telegraph for several years thereafter.




Hiscory of Drowv   Oozntv.                  125
ment was in apprehension of trouble with the Menominees, the latter
having lately sold their lands to the United States, and had the fort
made ready in case of an attack, which however was not made.) Joel
S. Fisk erected a warehouse on the flat opposite Green Bay, and steps
were taken to begin the building of a village on the site of what is
now known as the city of Fort Howard.
This same year, 1849, W. C. E. Thomas settled at Green Bay, and
about the same time he, in company with Cyrus Eames and Gen. E. R
Wadsworth, erected the Green Bay tannery on Ea:t River, which is
at time of writing occupied by the Green Bay Hide and Leather Company. (In 1851 Mr. Thomas retired from  the leather business and
engaged in mercantile pursuits.)
Congress this year made an appropriation of $40,000 for the descendants of the Menominees settled at Green Bay. Every person, having
Menominee blood in his veins, had a right to a share of the money
The names of some two hundred persons appear in the published list,
many of whom belonged to the first families in point of social standing.
The census of Brown County taken in 1849 gave the number of
inhabitants as 6,153, of which the town of Green Bay had 1,922 and
the town of De Pere seven hundred and ninety-eight.
A murder was perpetrated at Green Bay, September 5th, by Alex.
McCarty who murdered Gustave Wanderburg by stabbing him in the
back. The murderer was drunk at the time he committed the deed.
Soon after the coming of the soldiers of Col. Lee's command, H. M
Cady was appointed sutler of the fort. He had previously served in
the Mexican war'as a lieutenant in the Fifteenth Regiment. Mr.
Cady is now a resident of Green Bay.
Before closing the history of the early days, the writer desires to
say that opinions differ about the comforts enjoyed by the people of
that time.  Those who had acquired comfortable homes can not
remember any considerable hardships, while the new comers have sad
tales of want to tell. Some of the hardships experienced by the poorer
classes may be imagined from the experience of John Platten, now of
Fort Howard, a Hollander, who came to this country with his parents
in 1842. In some reminiscences, written for this work he says that on
his arrival at Green Bay there were but few of his country-men here
and they were direct from their native country. Some extracts are




126.Te  Americanz  S'etch  (Book.
made from  the article, the whole being too lengthy for our limited
space.
My father having served five vears in Bonaparte's army, his knowledge of French
came very handy. Money among a portion of the people was almost unknown, and
in our case consisted of some forty dollars. With this alone to support the family,
my father, fifty-three years old, in a strange land without employment, myself a lad
of eleven, the oldest help (to eat) and a long cold winter before him, found his prospects not very brilliant. There was nothing to do but to go into the forest and
clear a farm. The nearest land, for which he was not required to pay down, was in
the present town of Howard. He was informed after a while about an abandoned
sugar camp, some eight miles from town on the Manitowoc road and thither, about
the 8th of November, we started to take possession; all carrying loads, to the extent
of their ability, of bedding etc. Our farming implements consisted Qf two oxen, a
draw-shave and an auger. My mother was armed with a sickle to cut the winter's
supply of hay, for we supposed the climate here to be like that of Spain from the
latitude, which opinion was strengthened by the Canadians who told us: "Not here
much snow, cows feed every days."  Had the ground remained bare for a few days,
she would have cut a supply of hay sufficient for the cow, bu t about a foot of snow
fell the next day, and blighted her prospects in that direction. Our fire had to be
made in the center of the shanty, Indian style, and it made such a smoke that
mother and the children covered their eyes by hiding their faces in the bedding.
The cow had nothing to eat, neither had the chickens, and in a tew days we were no
better off. Then father and I started for civilization (Green Bay) the procession
headed by the cow, which father traded off on our arrival. A treneau was sent for
the rest of the family; and thus ended our attempt at farming in the promised land
of America. But the worst had yet to come. Father went to sawing wood and
mother took in washing; but father froze his feet and mother was struck down by
sickness, and want stared us in the face. But with the aid of God, and of the kind
hearted people, for whom Green Bay has always been noted, we survived our
misfortunes.
The next season, we cultivated a garden and a field of potatoes; and on the fourth
of the following March, we again took possession of the sugar camp, this time
having a stove, two barrels of flour, some seeds and two shillings in cash. Father
hired a Frenchman to haul him a load of potatoes before the sleighing gave out. A
boy was sent with a horse and treneau for that purpose; but at a steep hill, six miles
out, the horse fell, sleigh broke and the potatoes were scattered over the ground,
two miles from their destination. The boy patched the treneau as best he cou'd
and started back. Father shouldered a bag of the potatoes and carried it home,
bringing us the sad news that the load of potatoes were in the woods, sure to be lost
by the frost. This sent a cliill to every heart, for in those potatoes had been our
last hope for food and seed. All of us started on. foot to save as many as possible.
What was our surprise and joy when we met Chas. Le Claire, of Green Bay, who
having heard of our misfortune, had run out with his fast gray, loaded our potatoes
and was bringing them to us. Such acts of kindness can never be forgotten.




Histcry  of  Brown  County.                      127
Our nearest neighbors at this time were seven miles north, ten miles south, and
none at all west. But the next winter, a squad of Indians terrified us by making
their camping grounds near us, rendering us as helpless as caged birds. But happily they became very friendly, bringing us venison in exchange for potatoes.
Our farm grew too large for the hoe, money we had not to purchase other implements. We chopped one hundred cords of wood, and a pair of three year old steers
did the hauling. But we had neither a wagon nor a road, and an old sled had to
answer for a conveyance both summer and winter, for several years. Such was
farming and teaming in the early days.
Commerce was not much batter off. I have known the first merchants of Green
Bay, with boots and socks in hand and pants rolled up, wading knee deep in the
mud of that same Manitowoc road on their way to a lake port after their spring
goods.
It seems that on account of the ice in the bay, merchants had to
take boats for New York at Sheboygan, Milwaukee and Chicago in
order to get their goods in time, and the trip had to be made thus far
on foot or on horse back.  William  Mitchell, once a merchant of
Green Bay, tells an amusing incident in making port one spring on
horse back, accompanied by Gov. Doty. They camped where Manitowoc now is, in the single shanty that it contained. There was a little
grazing, and thinking that the horses would not go far, they let them
loose. But to their surprise, the animals made a bee line for home,
leaving the two men fifty miles from their destination. After some
perplexity, they came across an Indian camp, and there hired some
Indian boys to go to Green Bay and bring the horses back, when
they continued their journey.
Mr. Platten in his remembrances tells how a large grey wolf came
to the farm shanty, and his mother and the children thinking it was
a dog, strayed from  home, tried to coax it in with some potatoes.
They thought it would be nice to have such a dog on the farm. But
though they tried to entice him  by calling him Carlo, Tiger, Rover,
Watch, etc., he kept two or three paces away.  They followed him
until he got over the brush fence, where he paused as if to say: "The
potatoes are too few for a good meal and the old Woman and children
too much for a feast."
Another wolf story he tells in this wise:
As my brother Jo., one nice winter's morning, was coming up the road about an
half mile from home, he saw three wolves in the middle of the road, feasting on a
newly captured deer. kleas without weapons, not having even a walking stick,
or jack knife. Without.thinking of the danger, he sprang forward, slapping his




128              l'ze 2Americarn  Sketch  (Book.
mittens and hallooing at the top of his voice. The wolves sat there showing their
teeth until he was within a few paces of them. Then he began to think that he
was getting into bad company. But he knew that he must keep a bold face or the
chances would be against him. Another jump would bring him among them; but
just then they sprang to one side of the road, leaving him to appropriate the deer.
This he did by tying his long comforter to its legs and thus dragging it home. Such
was his story. which we could not doubt when the venison lay before us.
Mr. Platten speaks thus of the early foreign settlers:
About a dozen German families came in 1842, and scattered over the county.
Three families took up a residence at the Bay Settlement viz. Maus, Godshied andt
Wald's. Salscheider went to Duck Creek. About eight years later, the Hollanders
began to come in, and were followed, a year or two after, by the Belgians, who
flocked into the northern part of Brown County and into Kewaunee and Door counties. They were frugal and industrious and matde a living where others would have
starved. The Scandinavians also came about the same time and settled in the
eastern part of the county.
(Mr. Platten in his remembrances, remembers that he got married
and in 1863 moved into the city where he opened a meat market, and
later a provision store.  He caught the small pox in the fall, and
meeting with other difficulties, took Greeley's advice and went farther
west-only to return in a short time with the opinion that he likes
this part of the country best. Since his return, he has invented and
patented a stump machine which bids fair to be very successful.)
Among the few living old settlers of De Pere, is Isadore Laundrie,
a Frenchman.  He came hither some twenty-nine years since,, and
was for many years the only teamster in the place.  Times were hard
and when he got work to do, he could seldom get his pay.  He actually
had his horse, the only means of his support, starve to death because
he could not get means to buy food for it.  He bought another horse
on credit, and saw it die as its predecessor had done-by starvation.
Horses were more easily obtained than the where-with to keep them.
In spite of all these draw  backs, Mr. Laundrie has raised a family of
nine intelligent daughters, all of whom are married and doing well.




HEistory of (BDrown  COonty.               129
CHAPTER  VII.
DE PERE AND ITS WATER POWER. —EMORIES OF MRS. A. B. WILLIAMS.LAWRENCE.-THE PLATTING OF HOWARI).-BOROUGH OF FORT HOWARD.-INCIDENTS OF GENERAL HISTORY FROM 1850 TO 1860.
THE spirits of the people of De Pere were at a low ebb from 1838 to
1846, when Hon. M. L. Martin succeeded in obtaining the grant of
land for the purpose of improving the navigation of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers. This had the effect again to bring the attention of
eastern capitalists to this section of the country, which resulted in
the conveyance of the water power to Joshua F. Cox. The transfer
took place, October 5th, 1847. This same year, the dam was forced
from its bed by the action of the water, which raised some eight feet,
9ccasioned by a terrific wind storm from the north. The storm caused
considerable damage to property; portions of the dam were carried
five miles up the river, and there left when the flood subsided. A
number of piers, which had been erected below the dam, for the purpose of catching fish in dip nets, were swept away; and a large quantity of salt in the fish house was destroyed. The dam had never been
a complete success, as it had been impossible to keep the water. from
running under it. The next season, (1848) David M. Loy, agent for
J. F. Cox, built the present dam. On the 22nd of April, 1850, Mr.
Cox conveyed a half interest in the property to John and Archibald
H. Lowery, of New York. Mr. Loy, as agent for the firm, was about
making other substantial improvements to the water power, when the
news of Mr. Cox's death was received, causing a general stagnation
in business, and a sadness of the people in the loss of so worthy a
citizen, and so valuable a proprietor.
David M. Loy was appointed administrator for the Cox estate, and
in March, 1854, conveyed the entire interest of J. F. Cox, deceased, to
Joseph G. Lawton. On the 23rd of the same month, the Legislature
passed an act, incorporating Joseph G. Lawton and his associates
under the name of the De Pere Company. In July, both the Lawton
and the Lowery interests were conveyed to the De Pere Company, the
18




130             -Z e.American  AS7ketc7z  (Bok.
former on the 18th and the latter on the 27th of that month. The
De Pere Company is' and has always been a stock company, and
J. G. Lawton is its president at date. Mr. Lawton has always been a
very enterprising man, and has been interested in almost every
improvement made in either of the De Peres, from the time of his
arrival until the present.
Returning to the earlier history of De Pere, we find that the first
post master was William Dickinson, who kept the post office from the
time it was started, until 1846, when he was succeeded by Mrs. D. W.
Ketchum, who took in it July of that year and held it until August,
1849. Her successor was C. C. Phelps who was in turn succeeded by
T. Charles Morgan.
A charter for a bridge at De Pere was granted in June, 1849, and
the bridge completed in 1850. In March, 1852, one hundred and fifty
feet of the bridge was carried away by high water. After it passed
into the hands of the De Pere Company, it was almost entirely rebuilt.
From the time of its building until leased to the villages some years
since, it was a toll bridge. The village of De Pere and the town of
Lawrence, now West De Pere, leased it from the De Pere Company for
ninety-nine years, at two hundred dollars per year for ten years, and
four dollars for each subsequent year.
The lock and canal, and the wharf at De Pere were completed June
15, 1850, and the first boat passed through the lock that day.
The labor prospective to the organization of a Presbyterian Church
at De Pere was commenced July 1st, 1849, by Rev. John Stewart.
There had been preaching before, for a short time, by Rev. Mr. Marsh,
a member of the Congregationalist convention; and previous to that,
by the Rev. Mr. Porter, of Green Bay. The First Presbyterian
Church, of De Pere, Wis., was organized in December, 1849, by Rev.
John Stewart, of Warren County, New Jersey. At the time of its
organization, it consisted of ten members, the names of whom are as
follows: William M. Stewart, Mrs. Rachel Stewart, Godfrey Miller,
Mrs. Caroline Miller, Joseph C. Stewart, Mary C. Stewart, Theodore
Stewart, Mrs. Rebecca Loy, Mrs. Cynthia Clow, Mrs. Mary Webster.
All but the three last mentioned were natives of Warren County,
New Jersey, and all but Godfrey Miller, Mrs. Loy, Mrs. Clow and
Mary Webster, were children of Robert D. Stewart, and grandchildren of Thomas Stewart, Esq., who was for a long time previous to his




History of Brown  Cozntz.                    131
death a Ruling Elder of the First Presbyterian Church of Greenwich,
Warren County, New Jersey. Robert D. Stewart, his son, was a
member of the same church. All his children were baptized members
of it. He moved with his family to Wisconsin, about the year 1836.
He was afterwards elected an officer in the Congregational Church, at
(Green Bay. Mr. Maxwell Stewart was chosen Ruling Elder, at the
time of the organization of the Presbyterian Church at De Pere, in
December, 1849, and was ordained by the Rev. Mr. Robertson (who was
a delegate of Presbytery.) The place of worship was the Court House,
capable of seating about one hundred and fifty persons. The audience
averaged about sixty on fair days. The present church edifice was
dedicated March 31st, 1854. The services were conducted by Rev. J.
Porter, of Green Bay. The sermon was preached by Rev. H. M.
Robertson, of Neenah, Wis.' The dedicatory prayer was offered by
Rev. L. C. Spafford, who was elected the first Pastor of the new church.
(The Rev. S. M. Crissman, commenced his labors in the church,
August 10th, 1873, and continued to serve to a late date. The present
number of communicants is one hundred and forty.)
The Methodist Episcopal Society was organized about 1850. The
original church records are lost. The church edifice was built in
1856.
The first newspaper published at De Pere was the  )e Pere Adverti.ser which was started in the fall of 1850, by Baldwin & Thayer. It
lived just one year. The next attempt at a newspaper in De Pere was
made in December, 1852, by a man by the name of White, who
issued a semi occasional sheet, known as the De Pere Regulator. He
exchanged with the Green Bay Advocate, which often copied from his
little sheet. On one occasion the Regulator spoke of a ship, loaded
with smuggled silk, and lying at the port of De Pere. The article
was copied by the Advocate, and it caused the United States Revenue Collector to start post haste in search of the ship. On his
arrival at De Pere, however, he found the story to be a joke. It was
a sharp little sheet, yet not always reliable. A few numbers only
were issued; then for many years, De Pere was without a newspaper.
The following is a handbill issued at De Pere, containing an invitation to a fourth of July celebration in 1853:
(GLREEN BAY, TURN OUT. If you want to see fun come to De Pere on the 4th.
I'he B'hoys have got two bulls in training for a race across the bridge at this place.




132              2'ce 2American  Sietc7   (oc7c.
The bulls each to be rode with saddles. After the race, fireworks will be attached to
their tails and the run will be very interesting, as there are heavy bets on time
Spectators not allowed on the bridge. Come to the Hickory pole.
On this the Advocate commented that the sell came off in the m orning and the ebriation in the evening.
A lodge of Free Masons, De Peres, No. 35, was established at De
Pere, March 30th, 1857, with John 0. Roorback, W. M; William
Field, Jr., S. W; H. M. Cady, J. W; and Richard Sager, Sec.
De Pere was incorporated as a village, under a charter approved
March 6, 1857. The first village officers were as follows:' PresidentRandall Wilcox; Trustees —William  Field, Jr., J. 0. Roorbach, T. C.
Morgan, J. F. Lessey, G. S. Marsh and E. C. Merrill; Assessors-)D.
Jordan and William Wakeman; Justices of Peace —William  Wakeman and A. R. Martin; Constables-William  Armstrong  and A. H.
Davis; Supt. of schools-J. F. Lessey; Clerk-James T. Reeve. William Field, Jr., was designated as the Trustee, who should represent
the village in the County Board of Supervisors.
The present school buildings were erected in 1857. and are now
inadequate to the present needs of the village. (The public schools
were first graded by I. A. Sabin, in 1872. Seven teachers are required
to form a full corps, and three hundred and fifty pupils are enrolled
The next step for the school board will be a high school building.
There are also two Catholic schools in De Pere. whose enrollment
numbers about the same as the public schools.)
In this connection, we will give
MRS. A. B. WILLIAMS' MEMORIES OF DE PERE:
On the first day of April, 1847, Dr. A. B. Williams accompanied by his family
left Belvidere, I11., to seek a home farther west. He had not decided, upon starting,
whether to go to Chicago or Fond du Lac. The advantages of the latter place
were being noised abroad over the country, and the doctor was in favor of settling
there. But I preferred Chicago. To settle the question, he decided to give the
horses the rein, at the junction of the two roads, and let them choose the course.
They took the Fond du Lac road, and thither we went. But upon arriving at our
destination, we were saluted by a myriad of frogs, some of which gave the information that the mud was "only knee deep," while others declared "you'll drown!
you'll drown!"  This disgusted the doctor, and the next day he turned his face
toward Green Bay, intending, if chances were favorable, to settle there, if not to go
to Chicago. A while before reaching Wrightstown, he inquired of an Indian the
distance to Green Bay. The Indian laid his head on his arm and shut his eyes; then
raising his head repeated the action, thus giving the information that it was two




History  of Brown  Co?7zty.                        133
days travel. Neither the doctor nor any of our family had ever heard of De Pere,
and it flashed upon our vision like a dream of Fairyland; only the inhabitants
seemed to have deserted it. Though in early spring, the earth had alrhady spread
its carpet of green, dotted here and there by beautiful wild flowers, aid the birds
were already singing of summer.  "Dickinson's Folly" stood like a grand old
castle, in ruins and deserted. The Frontier House and several other large buildings
were empty, while on the street, there was not a sign of life to be seen. The village which a few years before had been so flourishing, at that time, contained only
some half dozen families, and these were so scattered that our first impressions
were that we had entered a deserted place, properly belonging to legendary times.
We got out of the wagon and walked around the castle, in front of which stood a
large locust tree, apparently many years old. (We afterward learned from Mr.
Dickinson, that the tree had been raised from  a, sprout of a locust growing at
Washington's grave.) Beside the empty houses, there were several wigwams in
sight. We drove to where the Village House stands now, then a log house supposed to be a hotel, and kept by Peter La Fond. Here we stopped to make some
inquiries, not knowing but that we had reached Green Bay; and here we met General Dickinson. The doctor asked what fool built the castle that we had passed,
and he answered, that it was a fool who had ruined himself by it, speaking in sr ch
harsh terms that no one would have supposed that he was the man, as we afterward
found him to be.
We took a dinner of fish, (the hotel furnished but little else,) and then continued
our journey toward Green Bay. Mr. Dickinson mounted a horse and followed us.
He had taken a liking to the doctor and meant to have him settle at De Pere, if
possible. We found that we could not readily get a house at Green Bay, so we
turned back and decided to occupy one at De Pere, furnished us by Mr. Dickinson.
The following families were settled at De Pere at that time: Dickinson, Wilcox,
Webster, Clow, Vesey, Soper, Ketchum, Reeves, Call and La Fond. Reuben Field,
then and always a bachelor, was the only single man in the place. He had come to
De Pere with Mr. Wilcox, who was a relative. Besides these there were several
French people.
Mr. Williams was the first, and for some time, the only physician in De Pere. He
had, at that period, but few calls. The people lived plainly, and there were but few
cases of sickness. There were weeks together that we lived on fish and game, other
meat being out of the question. That fall, David Loy came, as agent for Mr. Cox.
He brought a stock of goods, the first sold in De Pere, since the crash of'37 had
closed up the general business. In the winter, C. Allen came, and bought the
property known as the De Pere House, where he opened a hotel. But Soper and
Vesey had left, so our number remained the same. At that time Mrs. Ketchum
kept the post office, and Ed. White carried the mail by land. There were two mills
when we arrived, a saw-mill, belonging to Mr. Dickinson, and a grist mill, owned
by Mr. Wilcox. Mr. Clow run the latter, whenever there was any wheat to giind
and when there was not, he fished. The saw mill situated on the west side, at the
end of the dam, was not running. It was burned the spring we came. Mr. Lov




134                Tke  American  Sietich7    cck.
built the lock and employed a number of Frenchman, whom he paid in trade. No
one expected any money for work, only directly after an Indian payment.
Mr. Porter, a Presbyterian minister, used to hold meetings here once in every two
or three weeks. Two years later, Mr. Thorp, a Methodist, commenced holding
meetings occasionally. Marcus Shaler faught school and "boarded around."  His
schlool I think was the first in De Pere.
In the spring of 1848, we moved into the Frontier House, which had been built
by Fish Hamilton in the good time of 1836. It had been deserted for a long time.
The rats, bats, swallows and pigeons had occupied it so long, and the spider webs
were so thick and heavy, that it took three men a week to get it in a conditicn
fit for us to enter it. That fall, we built a house near the old jail and moved into
that. and the next spring we set out some shade trees, the first set out in De Pere.
The doctor's practice increased steadily, and extended over a radius of forty
miles. In fact it increased so fast that the doctor sent to Illinois for a physician,
named Johnson, whom he took as A partner. About this time, a young physician
settled at Green Bay, who advertised very largely in the Green Bay Advocate, his
advertisement claiming that he was capable of performing many different kinds of
surgery which he named. Dr. Williams never advertised to any extent, and in view
of the young doctor's flaming advertisement, friends in both places urged him to
occupy a like space in the paper. At last he consented, and inserted the following
notice, for one is! ue, directly beneath that of the Green Bay doctor:
"Dr. A. B. Williams still resides at De Pere and intends to practice medicine and
surgery if called upon. His medicine is of the pure gelicum whilicnm aurora borealis, coated over with elicumfrasier fat and knocks the foundation from the ague.
He has a iTicroscopic eye and a stethoscopic ear, and can see as far into a mill stone
as the next man. His preceptor was a hyena for human flesh. He trusts one year
and takes grain if he canl get it."
The next week, the Green Bay doctor's advertisement was cut down to a mere
card.
The next year, both the doctor and myself got the California fever, and April 1st,
1850, we bade good bye to our many friends and with six teams left De Pere en
route for the land of gold.
We returned, in 1857, to find some change. The locks were completed and so
was the bridge, and the Cox property had changed hands, Mr. Cox having died.
while we were absent. De Pere had improved some. The population all told was
about four hundred. Wilcox & Wager had a flouring mill. There were two saw
mills, one owned by Ritchie & Reed, and the other owned by Frank Thompson; four
stores kept by D. Jordan, C. R. Merrill, Mr. Kelsey and Mr. Wager respectively,
three churches, Presbyterian, Methodist, and Catholic; two hotels, and a cabinet
shop belonging to T. E. Sharp; yet there was not business enough to keep the grass
from growing in the streets.
The next spring, we commenced building the large stone hotel known as the Ca -
ifornia House, of which James Millar was the architect. I looked upon its being
built as rank insanity, for the country was settling up with poor people and the




Hiscory  of  Brown   Co:ounty.                       135
prospects were not bright, though some persons predicted a grand future for De Pere.
The building of the hotel made times livelier for awhile as a great many persons
were employed in the work. We put a stock of goods in the south lower room
which was subsequently sold to James Childs, who still continues in that line.
The Catholic church was burned in 1861. It was not completed at the time, and
it was so illy fitted for services, that Father Bonduel took a cold, while holding
meetings there. which resulted in his death.
In 1860, the Northwestern railroad reached West De Pere, but it did not enliven
business much, on this side of the river; and, at last, totally discouraged, we offered
our entire property in De Pere, consisting of the California House, De Pere House,
and nineteen lots, some of which were built upon, for $8,000; and offered $500 to
any one who would find a purchaser, but found none.
In 1864, the doctor went to Idaho, and soon after a flax factory was put into operation, by A. T. Stout, J. G. Lawton, and others. It flourished for a while, and made
times lively; but upon the closing of the war, it failed, owing to the sudden reduction in the prices of articles manufactured, which were less than they had paid for
raw material.
With the building of the first blast furnace, De Pere began to improve, and it
has continued to improve steadily ever since, until our village has become one of the
finest manufacturing points north of Milwaukee, and one and all look forward'to a
golden future.
But the old settlers have, with a few exceptions, all passed away. "Uncle"
Reuben Field, always highly esteemed by all, and P. Call are all that remain of the
men who settled here, previous to 1850. General Dickinson passed to the other
shore several years ago. Mr. Jordan followed him soon after. Both were very
much missed. The latter's son-in-law, B. F. Smith, an enterprising merchant,
continued the business founded by Mr. Jordan. Mr. Wilcox died October 16th,
1872, leaving his blessing with De Pere. He had been a very influential man, having filled many offices of trust, under the territorial and state governments, in fact
having been in public offices all his life. He was much loved, and deeply mourned.
Mr. Buck, another old settler went next. D. M. Loy, one of the most energetic
men, De Pere ever had, fell a victim to disease, brought on by working so much in
the water, while building the locks, etc., and departed this life, August 30th, 1873,
aged fifty-six years. The Dickinson, Loy, Wilcox and Jordan families still reside
here.
Dr. A. B. Williams, the poor man's friend, closed his mortal eyes upon earthly
things, February 28, 1875. His work continued to the very last. He wrote a prescription at ten o'clock A. M., and at one P. M., was gone. To those who knew
and loved him, his place can never be filled.
We  will now  turn  our attention to the new  settlement which
sprung up across the river from De Pere in 1850.
Previous to 1850, the site of the present village of West De Pere
was almost an unbroken wilderness, containing not a house or inhab



136            Ad A::vP:n  S0,,    CBo,,
itant.  On the m'lrgin of the river,was an immense plum  thicket,
presenting in the spring an Elen of perfume and beauty. Later the
beautiful red fruit glowed in the summer sunlight, then fell in crimson showers to the earth, where it laid, ungathered, till it decayed.
In 1819, John S. Monroe built a house on the West side, near Sorenson's ship yard, and now owned by J. Dunham.  This was, however,
some considerable distance from  the' village of West De Pere (or
rather Lawrence, as it was known until its incorporation) at the time
that it was platted.
Dr. Louis C:arabin of Green Bay, in 1850, laid out two blocks and
built the first house in what is now the village of West De Pere.
Louis Scheuring, a man who has figured quite extensively in the history
of West Depere, built the second, and Mr. Harris the third. About
this time, 1851, James Ritchie (the oldest lumberman in the business
now living in the vicinity of De Pere) in company with his brother
Robert and Andrew Reid built a steam saw-mill on this side of the
river. (This mill was, in 1870, converted into a planing mill and sash
and door factory by Andrew Reid.  In 1873, it was burned. It stood
where the brick planing mill belonging to E. W. Persons now is.)
After the erection of the saw mill, two or three other houses were built,
and then for some three years the place grew no more.
We will now turn our attention to the new village of Howtard, plat-;ted in 1849 as before mentioned.  Private claim, No. one, together
with several hundred acres of land surrounding the garrison of Fort
Howard had at an early day been reserved for military purposes.  This
claim, the owners thereof viz: Daniel Whitney, MA. L. Mlartin, J. TW.
Arndt of Green Bay and James Murray of New York, succeeded in
getting released by the War Department.  Soon after this, a petition
was filed in the circuit court for a division of the claim among the
several owners. During the progress of the consumation of the order
for the division, M. L. Martin sold to Joel S. Fisk of Green Bay one
half part of the claim which in all was some four hundred and twentyfive acres., The petition was effected in 1849-50, setting off to Jamn s
-Murray, the north one eighth; to Joel S. Fisk, the adjoining one half; to
John W. Arndt the one eighth adjoining the last, and to Daniel
Whitney the south one fourth.
Early in 1850, Joel S. Fisk and John W. Arnd.t united their
-interests, in laying out their respective shares into village lots, which




-istory of 6Brown  Counfty.                  137
they recorded as the Town Plat of Fort Howard. Subsequently,
Francis Desnoyer bought James Murray's portion, and laid it out into
lots, as his addition to the plat before mentioned. Then Jalies Callaghan bought Daniel Whitney's portion, and laid that out as another
addition. Since then, the Tank, Dousman, Dousman & Elmore and
several other additions have been added, in all comprising the six wards
of the present city of Fort Howard.
In the spring of 1850, Joel S. Fisk purchased a building used as a
sutler's store at the fort, which he moved on lot number one, of the
new plat. During the summer, Mr. Fisk also commenced building a
school house, and three dwelling houses. One of the latter, he sold
to John Tiernan. About the same time, he sold one half of his possessions in the new village, to Dr. U. H. Peak, who soon after began the
building of his residence, now standing at the head of Main street. The
house bought by John Tiernan was finished by him and opened a- a
hotel, known as the Fort Howard House. It is now kept by his son
James, one of the present aldermen, who was born there. Previous to
the opening of the hotel, Moses Allard built a house, which was among
the very first erected in the new village.
Tanktown, originally a settlement by itself. was founded by Rev.
Otto Tank, formerly a Norwegian missionary, a man who had traveled
much, and was well informed. He arrived here in 1850, and soon
after purchased two or three private claims, and then began the building of the place which bears his name, and which, on July 19th, 1851,
he recorded as Tank's addition to Fort Howard. (It is now a ward of
that city.)
During 1851, F. Blesch started a brewery on a small scale, at
Howard. It was thefirst brewery in the county. Very few of the
people, he affirms, had ever tasted beer. Subsequently he erected the
large stone brewery, which he now owns and operates, and it was the
first stone building in the county. He also owns, at present, the first
frame house built in Fort Howard.
L. Hathaway, blacksmith, and Charles Rossiter and Thomas O'Keefe,
carpenters, started shops during the year 1851. Following the early
business of Fort Howard, we find that John Salscheider started the
first tailor shop; H. P. Huffman and W. Pamperin, the first shoe
manufactories; Fisk & Fisher, the first tannery; P. Tiernan, the first
ship yard, and V. B. Bromley, the first law office.
19




133            The Am;ericzan Sec 0h (B3ook.
It may be interesting also to know that the present Green Bay
Turners' Society was organized in Fort Howard, in 1851. The chief
movers in the work, were Francis Blesch and Gerhart Oldenbuarg, who
to use the latter's words "were unmarried and, as young ladies were
scarce, had to look around for some kind of amusement, which did
not require the aid of the other sex."  Their hall was a barn in Fort
Howard. Many of the Brown County people were in the habit of
congregating there to see them turn.
The first store opened in the village of Fort Howard, was in 1852,
by Oscar Gray, Esq. His principal customers were the Oneida
Indians, who exchanged shingles and shingle bolts for provisions
groceries, blankets, broad cloth and due bills; the latter being again
exchanged for "wet goods."  Saturday was their market day. All
came to town, men, women and children; no postponements on
account of the weather. They were generally very agreeable on their
arrival; but by noon they were frisky, and before sunset, having
imbibed too freely, they became impertinent and quarrelsome. Then,
after having entertained them, and traded with them  all day, the
inhabitants were obliged to drive them off with clubs. The Indians
would show fight, and a battle with fists and clubs would ensue, the
whites always coming out conquerors. Regularly every Saturday
evening did these skirmishes take place, and all the white men took
part in them. they were as much to be expected as was the Saturday's supper.  D. Hunt was at one time clerk in this store. The
manner he had in getting rid of damaged goods may be illustratd by
an incident: The flour sold by them was brought from a distance,
packed in barrels. On one occasion in the sunny month of September, they received some of the article which had been packed while
warm, and which was so hard that it had to be chopped out of the
barrels with an ax. An Indian who had come to purchase some flour,
eyed it dubiously, and asked what ailed it. "It's froze, that is allfroze!" returned Mr. Hunt, and filled the Indian's sack in a hurry.
The answer seemed satisfactory.
The Indians are great beggars, and in the earlier times were very
annoying to the settlers. Mrs. Moses Allard tells of an adventure
with one of the begging squaws which is given here. Mrs. Allard
had in her employ a half breed girl whom she instructed to tell the
Indians, who came begging, that she could not talk French, and that




HIistory of ~rowrn GOo:nt.                   139
she was so cross that it would not do to ask her for any fool or clothes.
One day, a squaw came begging and the girl answered the requests as
her mistress had bidden; but the squaw was persistent. "I can eat,"
said she in French,'hard bread, cold potatoes, old meat or any thing."
The girl shook her head warningly, but the squaw would not be
silenced. "I can eat pork rinds," she added. MSrs. Allard was in the
room but, of course, did not pretend to understand what was said. At
the mention of pork rinds, however, she burst out laughing. Comprehending now that she was understood, the squaw sprang at Mrs.
Allard with a drawn knife, which she would have used had not Mrs.
Allard proved quicker than she, and, evading her, run out of the
room.
As an example of Indian wit: the writer cites the following: An
Indian talking to Mr. Lessey once exclaimed excitedly: "Lots of
muskrat killumn me!" "What! lots of muskrats killed you? Are you
dead?" asked the other mischievously. "No, me live-muskrat dead,
you fool," was the contemptuous reply.
Another story is told of by Dr. M. E. Williams of De Pere about
an Indian who claimed to be very aged. "How old do you think you
are?" asked the doctor. "Don't know. Very, very old!" he answered
mysteriously. "Can't you remember some incident, that happened in
your childhood that will give a clue?"  The Indian thought a
moment and then replied: "When me come to Fox River, him just
so big," indicating the size by one of his little fingers. Dr. Williams
did not attempt to compute the years which the Indian had lived.
In 1854, a post office was established at Fort Howard, and Oscar Gray,
was appointed post master. He carried the mail in his hat from the
Green Bay distributing post office.
Up to 1855, there was neither Justice of the Peace nor Constable on
the west side of Fox River from the Oconto County line to the line of
Ontagamie County; not but that the good people elected both at their
annual elections, but the parties invariably refused to serve;-so says
D. Hunt, Esq.
Ford Howard was chartered as a borough, October 3rd, 1856. Previous to this, the Town Board of Howard convened at Duck Creek
in Mr. Cormier's blacksmith shop. At that time, there was but one
school house in the entire Town of Howard, and that was at Duck
Creek.




140           1Te A merican  Sketch o        Boo7c.
The first school at Fort Howard was taught by Caroline Lawrence.
(Miss Lawrence afterward removed to Duck Creek where she died in
July, 1872.)
About 1856, N. C. Foster, now one of the heaviest lumbermen in
the northwest, came to Brown County. IHe commenced life as apoor
laboring man gradually working his way upward until he became one
of the wealthiest men in the county. (Daring the summer of 1876
he shipped to Chicago a cargo of 450,000 feet of lumber and 1,500,000
shingles. It was the largest cargo of lumber that ever entered that
port, so says the Commercial Adv;ertiser.)
Capt. S. C. Fowles established a ship yard at Fort Howard, in 1859,
building the schooner Picayune that year. He subsequently built the
schooner U. S. Grant. Both of these he owned and commanded.
Since the establishment of his ship yard, until the present time, he has
been engaged in building and repairing vessels.
The Fort Howard Fire Company was organized in 1859, with the
following officers: H. H. Hubbard, Chief Engineer, James Beattie,
Foreman, 0. Gray, Secretary, and James Canim, Treasurer. (The fire
department of Fort Howard, at the time of writing, has a fine engine
house and a first class steamer.)
The writer will now return to incidents of general history.
Col. Lee, of the Fourth Infantry, stationed at Fort Howard, died
about a year after his arrival, and Col. Bonneville was appointed commander of the fort, holding that position until 1852, when the fort
was abandoned.
The  Unterstutzungs Verein  was organized in the old bank
building of Green Bay, January 1st, 1850. Their object was to help
each other in case of sickness.  Some time in 1851, the German
ladies presented the society with a flag. (This society is still in
existence in 1876, and has about $500 in the treasury, gleaned from
monthly payments. It has forty members.)
A disastrous fire occurred at Green Bay, March 21st, 1850. A store
belonging to L. Day & Son, the drug store of E. Hicks, where the
post office was kept, and other buildings were consumed.
This year Green Bay lost one of her old settlers by death, viz, Geo.
Johnston, who settled at Fort Howard in 1819, as sutler for the troops.
He served in the Winnebago War, and was captain of a company from Brown County, during the Black Hawk war. During the




Histcry  of (Br7ow-n  Co-unty.                 141
adniinistration of Gov. Cass, he was sheriff of Brown County and was
known by the French at the Bay as Le Grand Sheriff. Throughout his
whole life he was a prominent and useful man. Thomas J. Johnston, a son of this gentleman, born at Fort Howard, in 1829, was
educated at Detroit for the profession of law. He was there admitted
to the bar and practiced until 1858, when a pulmonary affection
obliged him to seek a milder climate. He located in Texas. But his
inclinations turning more to religion than to law, he now began to
study for the priesthood; and later was raised to that position, by
Right Rev. C. M. Dubois, Bishop of Galveston, by whom  he was
ordained, in 1865. He was then appointed first curate of the cathedral at Galveston.  In 1867, he was made president of St. Mary's
College, and, in 1868, a canon. His health failing, in Galveston, he
was, the next year, appointed pastor of St. Mary's church, at San
Antonio. He, at present, occupies the high position of Vicar General
of the Diocese. He is withal a graceful and learned writer, and is the
author of several valuable works, one of which is the "History of the
Missions of Texas."  In his boyhood, Rev. Thomas J. Johnston was a
warm friend of George I. Wallace, for many years a prominent lawyer
of Green Bav, and later a citizen of California. Mr. Wallace was a man
who always had words of encouragement and advice for the young,
and for such kindness, his memory is green in the hearts of many,
Mr. Johnston was not long since the victim of an accident which somewhat disfigured his face, and which is thus spoken of in the New York
Freeman's Journal:
We are grieved to learn of the sudden death of the gallant Major Ord, late of the
U. S. A., at San Antonio, Texas. He was driving out with his kinsman the Very
Rev. F. J. Johnston, V. G. of the Diocese of San Antonio. A collision occurred on
the road, and the gallant Major Ord lost his life. We are glad to say that the Very
Rev. Father Johnston, dear to the Catholics of Texas, as he is to his Bishop, Right
Rev. Dr. Pellicer, though hurt, is recovering from his injuries.
A sad incident occurred May 6, 1850, when the house, built several
years before at Shanty Town by William Dickinson, was destroyed by
fire. Hon. John F. Meade, who happened to be in it at the time, perished in the flames. The Advocate of that time says that he had been
to the house of his brother-in-law, James Boyd, in the evening, and
returning is supposed to have entered the above mentioned house (the
occupants of which were in the sugar bush) with the intention of
spending the night there: and that in making a fire or lighting a can



142             M he Arnerican   Tce        6Bc Ok.
die he accidentally set fire to the place. But John W. Arndt informs
the writer that Mr. Meade, with out doubt, was murdered, the position
of the body, under a pile of straw, when found, testifying this. The
event cast a shadow over the entire community, for the victim of that
terrible disaster had been universally beloved, and was sincerely
mourned. He was a brother of M. J. Meade, Esq., for many years the
efficient clerk of Brown County.
The great event of 1850, was the passage of the first regular
steamer up the Fox River. This was the Indiana, brought here by
her owner, H. R. Williams, of Grand Rapids, Michigan, and commanded by Capt. William 0. Lyon. She arrived on the 5th of August,.
and on the 7th made the memorable trip to Bridgeport. She carried
a large party of excursionists. Unlike boats of the present day, she
seemed to have no eatables on board, for the party dined at a hotel in
De Pere. Half way to Bridgeport, she encountered a deer, pursued
on either side by men' in canoes. The poor creature, swimming for
dear life, was so freightened by the sudden appearance of the steamboat, that it gave up its struggles, and was captured. Half a mile
below Wright's, the boat grounded and was obliged to stay there
until morning. The hungry excursionists abandoned her and flocked
in a body to Wright's house, where they made an onslaught on every
thing eatable. The next day the boat reached Bridgeport. The
return trip was made without noteworthy event.
The election of 1851, gave Green Bay the following officials: President, F. Desnoyer; Trustees, C. B. Wheelock, Edward Hicks, T. Trudell,
J. P. Arndt, H. E. Eastman and C. D. Robinson.
The boat, Navarino was built, during the spring of 1851, by D. M.
Whitney & Co., for the Fox River trade. The same spring, the
Indiana was purchased by Messrs. R. P. Harriman and N. Goodell,
and run for a time between De Pere and Kaukauna; but on September 11th, of that year, she had the misfortune to be sunk. Mr. Goodell
afterward rernoved her machinery and used it in another boat.
Early in the spring of that year, S. Ryan, Jr., brought his printing
office material back to Green Bay and started a Whig paper which he
called the Spectator, and which lived about one year.
L. M. Marshall, an extensive manufacturel of lumber and shingles.
established himself in business at Green Bay and Fort Howard in
1851, and some years following handling as high as 100,000,000 feet
of lumber.




History of ~BrouW7  Cou1nts.                148
A  fine steamer that ploughed the lake in 1851 was the Michigan,
Captain John Stewart, Master. She made regular trips between Buffalo and Green Bay. Whitney & Co. were her agents at the latter
city. Among the events of the year the following are noted: Drs.
Carabin and Lawrence started a brick yard at Lawrence in February
1st, 1851, near the present site of what is now West De Pere. An
act was passed to incorporate the Green Bay, Milwaukee and Chicago
Rp. R. Company. Like many of its predeessors and successors the
road proved a failure. A new road was opened from Fort Howard to
1)e Pere to connect with one leading thence to Kaukauna. Several
improvements were made in Green Bay: Eleven new stores were
erected. Among these were those of Mr. Whitney, Mooers & Bromley,
John Day, J. V. Suydam, G. Mc Farlane, Porter Parish, F. Desnoyer,
and J. Me Fayden. A wharf and a ware house was built the same season by W. H. Bruce, and another by John Day. Smalley & Co. completed two others which were in process of erection. Besides these
business improvements, numerous dwellings were built during the
year.
During 1851, or thereabout, a brewery was started in the old bank
building which became the head quarters of the German population,
and where, as Gerhart Oldenburg expresses it, they "got all their
pleasure."
A desire among the Masonic fraternity for the establishment of a
Chapter of Royal Arch Masons in Green Bay took first shape in the
latter part of the year 1851, when a dispensation was granted for the
formation of Warren Chapter No. 8. In February, 1852, a charter
was granted, in which the following R. A. Masons were named: H. S.
Baird, S. Davis, N. Goodell, John Gray, T. J. Bailey, W. H. Blodgett,
E. R. Wadsworth, A. Saunders, E. P. Doane. H. S. Baird was named
II. P.; S. Davis, K; N. Goodell, Scribe.
The chapter, has ever since its beginning, occupied the same room
with Washington Lodge, and its general fortune has been mainly
identical with the latter. As in the case of the Lodge, most of the
charter members have been called from their earthly labors. But
three of them survive. Of these N. Goodell continues to reside in
Green Bay and T. J. Bailey in Fort Howard. E. R. Wadsworth is in
(Chicago.




144              Zhe American,e'tc7^ Dcok.
(The officers of Warren Chapter for the present year (1876) are 0.
Libbev, H. P; X. Martin, K; (S. vacant by death of M. F. Greeley,)
W. E. Thomas, C. H; J. H. Elmore, P. S; A. W. Kimball, R. A. C;
A. Pardee, M. 3d V; J. D. Griswold, M. 2d V; J. F. Lyon, M. 1st V:
M. V. B. Benson. Treas; J. H. Case, Sec.)
About the year 1855, Eleazer Williams began to represent himself to
be the "Lost Prince," Louis XVII, of France. It will be remembered
that, upon the downfall of the Bourbons in 1792, Louis XVI and
M~rie Aatonnette were executed, and their only child, a son of eight
years, was confined in the Tower of the Temple in Paris from that
time until June 9th, 1795, when, according to the records, he died.
Subsequently a\ story obtained circulation that the young prince was
rescued from imprisonment and sent to America, another child being
adroitly smuggled into the Temple and dying there as the Dauphin.
Eleazer Williams was the reputed son of Mary Ann and Thomas
Williams of the St. Regis or Mohawk band of Indians.  Both parents
were of mixed blood. He was educated under the auspices of the
Episcopal church, and was afterward appointed missionary to the
Oneida Indians. While there, he conceived the ambitious design of
founding a republic in the west, himself the president or ruler of it,
and partially succeeded in so doing, as before related. During the
winter of 1847-8, Col. H. E: Eastman of Green -Bay, having been
reading French history, penned a romance in which Eleazer Williams
figured as the lost Dauphin.  He subsequently lent the manuscript to
Williams and afterward learned that the latter had copied it. This is
substantaited by Col. James H. Howe, who saw the manuscript while
Col. Eastman was writing the romance. The surprise of the parties
may be imagined when, in 1853, the article appeared verbatim in Putnam's magazine, with appended affidavits and proofs of the genuineness of its assertions. Added to the facts, is the testimony of several
Indians who had known the would-be Dauphin since his earliest childhood as the son of the people who claimed him, to prove that he was not
Louis XVII of France. Yet there are many good people, who were
intimately acquainted with him, and who believe his assertions, as
they think, upon sufficient proofs. Certain it is that his claims to royalty made, for a time, a stir over a large part of the known world.
(Eleazer Williams died August 28, 1858. His wife survives him  and




History of  7Brc'n  Cc4,ntZ.                 145
resides at their house a few miles above De Pere. She is represented
as being a woman possessed of more than ordinary intellect.)
Quite a remarkable duel occurred during 1852, at the old bank building. While a dance was in progress, a lady complained to a Mr.
James (a son of the novelist of that name) that a gentlemen had purposely tripped her. Mr. James slapped the offender, who repaid the indignity with interest. Mr. James then said that he was not the equal in
strength with the other, but he could fight him with the weapons of
a gentleman. Seconds were immediately chosen, and pistols brought.
The place selected was an outer hall. While the preliminaries were
being arranged, the dance went on undisturbed. Ready for any adventure the wild young men of that time'acquiesced in the manner by
which the two young men were to get satisfaction. The space had
been measured and the duelists had taken their places, when the lady,
who had been offended, rushed forward and retracted the assertion
which she had made. Mr. James immediately apologised to his opponent, and so the matter ended.
Joseph Tayler came to Green Bay, in 1852, and in company with
Alfred Pelton, opened largely in the mercantile business. In 1857,
they built a warehouse and dock where the Klaus ware house now is.
(The ware house and a part of the dock were afterwards destroyed by
fire.)
June 10th, 1852, a new  steaner, the Morgan L. Martin, was
launched. She was run between Green Bay and Kaukauna, with
Captain Battershill in command. Some time during the summer, a
severe storm, occurred which caused the wrecking of four vessels at
the mouth of Green Bay.
During the year, a Moravian church was built.
The land office was removed in July, 1852, from  Green Bay to
Menasha. The event caused much dissatisfaction, and the papers
loudly censured the President and others therefor, claiming that it
had been sold to the highest bidder. It will be remembered that the
first Register of the land office at Green Bay, was W. B. Slaughter.
In 1838, or 1839, he was succeeded by John S. Horner. Those succeeding Mr. Horner, were appointed as follows: April, 1847, John F.
Meade; July, 1848, Joel S. Fisk; May, 1849, H. F. Brown; December,
1850, Mr. Spaulding. Appended are the names and dates of appointment of the different Receivers: S. W. Beall, 1835; Mr. Lee, 1838;
20




146             The nAmerican  S7eZch t   Boo7.
Mr. Pease, 1840; Stoddard Judd, 1841; A. J. Irwin, 1845. Mr. Irwin's
death, in  1847, leaving the office vacant, Elisha Morrow  was
appointed to fill the place, and in 1849, he was succeeded by Edgar
Conklin. John Last was for several years connected with the land
office and from him the preceding information was gained.
The next year, 1853, a plank road was built from Green Bay to De
Pere, with Messrs. Call & Harriman as contractors. In June, a daily
mail was established.' Two new railroad companies were incorporated. Samuel Ryan's paper the Spectator was moved to Appleton,
and was merged into the Crescent. Barling Giles, while out in company with a party of men, hunting deer, accidentally shot and killed
himself, October 11, 1853. November 1st, a terrible conflagration
occurred by which the Advocate office and all of its contents were
destroyed.
The popular boats running on the lakes, in 1853, were the Franklin
Moore, owned by the Day Brothers; the Fashion, Capt. Newberry, and
the Norton, Capt. Al. Stewart.
This year, Edward Hicks was appointed post master at Green Bay.
Green Bay was incorporated as -a city, March 9th, 1854. The following were the first city officers: Mayor, W. C. E. Thomas. Aldermen, north ward, F. Desnoyer, John Day, Amos Saunders and Paul
Fox; south ward, John P. Arndt, F. A. Lathrop, Louis Carabin and
Charles Le Clair.
The Fox River Bank was started, in June, at Green Bay; J. G.
Lawton, Prest., F. Desnoyer, Cashier. The Northern Bank at Howard was established in August; Otto Tank, President; J. S. Baker,
Cashier.
This year, Gen. Stanton proposed to sell the Fort Howard military
lands by sealed proposals. None of the proposals coming up to the
Government's secret valuation, the sales didno,t take place.
About this time the Improvement Company erected a ware house
and dock in the upper part of Howard.
In April of this year, the county seat was removed from De Pere to
Green Bay, by a vote which occurred on the fourth of that month.
Four De Pere people voted for its removal and sixteen of the Green
Bay people against it. The first court house in Green Bay was the
present Holland Catholic Church on Adams street. There was no jail
here for many years.




HIistory of (Brown  GoC tzs.               147
A steamboat company was organized, in 1854, for the purpose of
securing a daily line of steamers between Green Bay and Buffalo.
Otto Tank was the president of the company.
The private secretary of Eleazer Williams, F. J. Woutman, who
hal done all of his employer's writing for many years, was drowned in
the fall of 1853, and his body was not recovered until sometime in
1854. Two large fires occurred in November of this year. On the
fifth, the Washington House owned by Mr. 1. G. Beaumont, was consumed. During this conflagration, Peter H. Anderson, of Little
Chute, saved a child at the risk of his own life. He sustained but
little injury however. The other fire occurred on the 28th. It took
in Call & Marshall's store. Four stores, and a boat belonging to J. S.
Fisk, were burned. Loss $20,000.
An early fire company, organized at Green Bay, was the Germania
No. 1, in 1854, with twenty-eight members. The constitution,
adopted on December 14th, of that year, was signed by the following
officers: Henry C. Reber, foreman and C. C. Frommeyer. secretary.
W. C. E. Thomas, then mayor of Green Bay, also signed the constitution. No candidate was ever admitted to membership, without being qualified by understanding the German language. (This company, at time of writing, has a fine steam engine, purchased by the
city in 1868, and named the Enterprise. It numbers thirty members
and has the motto, "Rough and Ready."' The foreman is Fred. Deikman, and the engineer, one of the best in the country, is John F.
Bertles.)
H. Mooers built a sawmill about six miles from Green Bay on the
Manitowoc road in 1854, oi thereabout, which was subsequently purchased by J. W. Woodruff & Co., and by them owned and operated
at the time of writing. The mill has machinery for making lath,
shingles and moulding, as well as for planing. Its capacity is 30,000
feet of lumber, 35,000 shingles and 10,000 lath per day.
Gustave Crickelair (a Belgian,) and family came to this part of the
country in 1854. He was murdered soon after his arrival by parties
unknown. He left a wife and three children in destitute circumstances, who were adopted by the Menominee Indians and cared for by
them. Frank Crickelair, now a well known painter of Green Bay,
lived with the Indians as one of them for five years. (The same Frank
has thrice rin for the office of Mayorof Green Bay and intends to con



143             Te A merican    oefch 7       Bsook.
tinue ruining on an independent ticket until he shall be elected as
such. He has a private secretary engaged for that event, to whom he
has promised half of his salary, as he scorns to do his own writing.
"Nothing venture nothing win,"is his motto.)
April 20h,11855, the Howard Era, a Democratic paper, edited by E.
P. Royce, appeared, hailing from the village of Howard.
The city officers of Green Bay, this year, were F. Desnoyer, Mayor;
and D. W. King, Nelson Langton, Wash. Parish, C. J. Bender, A.
Pelton, Porter Parish, Louis Hoffel and A. Scheller, Aldermen.
The census taken this year shows the population of Green Bay to
have been 3,051; of Howard, 1,239; of De Pere, 507.
The Howard steam mill, belonging to T. O. Howe, C. R. Tyler and
the Robinhson Bros., was burned August 26th. Loss $30,000. A boy
sixteen years old, perised in the conflagration.  The next season a new
mill was erected on the same site by Robinson & Ballou.
The Duchateau brothers, Leon and Abeillard came from France in
1856 and later established in the general mercantile business at Green
Bay.
The city officers in 1856 were H. E. Eastman, Mayor; and David
Agry, H. MI. Cady, L. J. Day, S. II. Marshall, John P. Arndt, Thomas
Green, A. C. Robinson and P. Parish, Aldermen.
The great event to which the people had looked forward to so long
as the ultinmtum  of success, viz. the completion of the Fox River
Improvement to the degree stated in the charter, occurred this year,
and in June 19th, Mayor Eastman called out the organizations and
citizens to meet, with proper honors, the first steam boat from the
Mississippi River, by the way of the Fox River. This was the Aquila
from Pittsburg, Ohio; and she brought, as excursionists, prominent
people from all along the route.  Every where demonstrations of welcome were made, and banners and symbols were hung out in victorious greeting.  At De Pere, people hurrabed as though they had but
one throat.  Major Shaler, at the Fort, greeted the boat with rounds
of musketry.  After she had landed, James H. Howe made an appropriate speech.  Supper was served at the United States Hotel by Geo.
Farnsworth. A dance in the evening on the Sultana, a Buffalo boat,
finished up the festivities.  The Aquila was owned in part by Morgan
L. Martin.  Her commander was Captain Stephen Hotelling, a son of
the former master of the Black Hawk. She was an exceedingly flex



Htistory of (rown  Cozuty.                   149
ible craft, and moved upon the water much as a large flat basket would
do, bending and twisting with every turn of the waves. Her shrill
whistle was a great annoyance to the people who were little used to
hearing a whistle of any kind. The Advocate in commenting on her
says that she would come whistling into port just as people were taking their first nap at night, dausing them to spring in alarm from
their beds. Then about four o'clock in the morning, she would give
a screech to let people know that she was getting ready to go; another,
to let them know she got ready; another to tell them that she was
about to start, and that they would better hurry up if they wanted to
take passage on her; and another still to inform  them  that she had
started and that they could not get on even if they wished.
Among the local events of this year was the building of a school
house, 36x54 feet. It was one of the first brick buildings in Green Bay.
Here the graded school system was introduced by J. K. Bixby, who
was the first principal that presided over it. The building, upon the
erection of larger and more commodious edifices for school purposes,
became the high school department. The same year a hub and spoke
factory was put into operation at De Pere, by Messrs. Merrill, Sager
&  Whiteside. In September of this year, another severe storm
occurred, and a Frenchman was killed by lightning, not far from the
Astor House.
January of 1857, was ushered in by the completion and dedication
of the Congregational church at Howard. Rev. J. Porter delivered
the dedicatory sermon.
H. E. Eastman was re-elected mayor, and the council this year
were, D. Agry, J. V. Suydam, Anton Klaus, G. A. Lawton, John P.
Arndt, F. A. Lathrop, B. Follett and W. J. Green.
Another railroad vote was taken and $300,000 voted to the G. B. &
Lake Shore R. R., which, however, never had a real existence.
On August 26th the Astor House was burned. It was the work of
an incendiary.
The Washington Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, was organized January 1st, 1858, as an American Fire Company, with James
Morton, foreman.  (In 1864, a  number  of German  members
having been added, the American members retired, more Germans
were added, and the company became German throughout. The city
council in 1876, authorized the chief enigineer to purchase a new out



1509            1&e American  St  2eo7c ~Bok.
fit for this company at a cost not exceeding $1,075. J. P. Hills is the
foreman, and A. Michaal, secretary.)
The Banner, a German weekly newspaper, was started at Green
Bay, in 1858, by Arthur Jacobi.
The Agency house, formerly the residence of Judge Doty, which
was the first frame house built in Wisconsin, was destroyed by fire
March 31st, 1858.
In April, a daily mail was established between Green Bay and
Fort Howard.
This year, Burley Follett served as mayor, with D. Agry, A. Burkhard, James Me Guire, C. Woelz, Edson Sherwood, A. Kimball, P.
Parish and James Morton as council.
Major Shaler was still stationed at the fort in charge of the military reservation, which now that the troops were removed was the
cause of considerable trouble and litigation. Certain people would
trespass and cut down timber and the War Department would prosecute them for so doing.
On June 9th, the American House at De Pere was burned, and a
most infamous plot disclosed. One of the incendiaries confessed that
an organized gang of blacklegs had intended to burn the entire business portion of the village. One of the party was convicted and
sentenced to penitentiary for a number of years.
A new Fox River steamboat was built this year. It was proposed
to call it the Morgan L. Martin, but instead it was named the Pioneer.
She was built by Dr. Peak and made her trial trip, September 14th.
She was afterward owned by Morgan L. Martin.
William Dickinson, of De Pere, died October 27. He was buried
with masonic honors, followed to the grave by a committee of masons
who went up to De Pere on the Pioneer to attend the funeral.
Several substantial improvements were made during the year. The
bridge across the Fox River at De Pere was completed and twentyone houses were erected in the new village of Howard; besides which
several fine buildings were built in Green Bay.
During 1858, certain enterprising people discovered that Green Bay
was the location of magnificent pearl fisheries, and their spirits began
to rise in anticipation of the great fortunes that might be made here.
Great excitement existed in the small circle to which the knowledge
was confined, and they talked in a mysterious way to each other that




History  of  Bro-wn  Goounty.                    161
ma-ile outsidier a little curious to know what it all meant.  Finally
in the miidst of tlheir speculations, the wise ones resolved to send a
specimen of the pearls, found in such quantities here, to a New York
house in order to ascertain the value.  The reply that the pearls were
vwvorth about sixty cents a bushel somewhat dampened their ardor.
The Guardian Fire Company, No. 2, was organized October 17th,
1858, with the appended charter officers:  Lewis J. Day, foreman; B.
C. Gardiner and Paul Dakin, assistant foremen; C. E. Case, secretary
and C. L. Wheelock. treasurer.  The comnpany chose  the motto
"-VWide Awake," and has ever since proved itself worthy of such a one.
On July 4th, of the sCa1me year, the ladies of Geeen Bay presented the
company with a costly banner of heavy blue silk, with the design in
colors of a wreath of flowers and circle of hose, and having an open
eve in the center, to ereresent their motto.
The next year several
substantial  iniprove____,                      ments were mclade  in
Green Bay. The Beau~thle site of the~ o-raont Hoouse  was built
The city officers this year, were Nathan    by IIoo essrs. Beaungont
& Pelton.
A. CG. Robins....     i i?       Anton KClaus  put up
the  block fornoerlyn  as
Kilaus Hall block.; lJ~~~~~~i"~~K__              A new light house
Bank of Green.....Bay, w..hi.h    was  also  erected on
Long Tail Point, near
the site of tLhe old one which was becoming worthless.
The city officers this year, were Nathan Goodell, Mayor; D. Agry,
A. Burkhard, C. Woelz, C. C. Lovett, John P. Arndt,  Jamnes Morton,
A. C. Robinson and Charles Le Claire, Aldermen.
The oldest bank in Green Bay is the First National, formerly the
Blank of Green Bay, which was established in 1859 by Henry  Strong
who had previously been connected with the Commercial Bank of
Oshkolh.  (This bank commenced business as the First National in
March, 1865. Its capital is $50,000; surplus $10,000.  Deposits average from  $300,000 to $500,000.  It has passed safely through all the
hard times since its establishment in 1859, almost entirely unembar



152             n-e A merican  0S7ke'ctc!B'oo:.
rassed. Henry Strong is the president and M. D. Peak, cashier. Both
gentlemen had been long at the business before establishing the bank
of Green Bay, since which time they have won the reputation of being
among the most reliable business men of Brown County.)
A few anecdotes, appertaining to the times to which this chapter
relates, are here appended. But while perusing the same it must be
remembered that during a large portion of the year, all communication with the outside world was cut off, and the young people were
left to their own resources for excitement and amusement. Even in
the summer, the only thing that broke the dull monotony was the
occasional arrival of a boat.
In those days, the young women played at out door sports with the
young men, and were not thought either rude or immodest. Wearying of games, the young people invented jokes which they played on
one another and on the more sedate citizens. No harm was intended
The jokes were simply youthful exuberance.  Bill Batser was a leader
in all kinds of mischief. He was reckless, thoughtless and daring.
From Jule R. Morris, Esq., city clerk, who was one of the "olden
time boys," the writer has gained much pleasing information concerning the search for amusement in those days; but lack of space
prevents more than a passing mention of the same.
At one time, a number of young men roomed in a building which
stood where Douville & Ba-che's store now is. Bill Butser, Lewis
Day and Dr. Blodgett were among the number. Bill Butser kept a
skeleton in his room, and this, by wires and electric power, was often
sent in the stillness and darkness of the night to the apartments of
his companions. Although all were aware of its existence. no one of
them ever awoke in the night and found the grinning,' ghastly thing
bending over him without an emotion of fear. One time, when several
young men were in those rooms making the night gay with their
revels, some of the number slipped out unnoticed and, repairing to a
lumber yard near by, began filling up the stair-way and side-walk
with bundles of shingles. This work was continued until it was
impossible for those inside to make their egress except by a bed-cord
from a window. Corded bedsteads were used in those days, and in
the middle of the nights, the occupants would often be thrown suddenly to the floor by Bill Butser, who would crayvl underneath them
and rising on all fours, give the bed a quick push with his back.




History of Brown  OoxtvA.                    153
About 1850, early on the morning of July 4th, the wild young men
of Green Bay stole a cannon from the fort and took it to their own
side of the river. They loaded it plentifully with powder, using for
wadding, old coats, old boots, stones, sand etc., with a few bars of soap
mixed in. They started a slow match and then fled to a place of
safety. The explosion was terrific. Windows were broken, houses
shaken, and the people frightened half out of their wits. A piece of
the cannon went through the side of a house near by, passing directly
over the heads of two persons who were in bed. (Some twenty-two
years after, the muzzle of that same cannon was found embedded in the
ground at Mr. Hudd's place-about two blocks from where the explosion had taken place.)
On the same morning, that the cannon was exploded, the boys set
fire to an old blacksmith shop; yet so cute were they that befor the
alaim of fire was given they were safe in bed, and were those ailong
those who expressed innocent wonder regarding the perpetrators of
the rough jokes. These matters were investigated by United States
officers, but so well did all parties keep the secret that it was impossible to fasten the deeds of that day upon any one. The parents of the
young men swore truthfully and with good faith that their sons were
in bed at the time when the alarm was given, and consequently it
must be presumed had no hand in the transactions then being investigated. Suspicion rested, for a time on Dr. Crane, since a keg containing powder was found hidden under the bed in his office. He was
however, innocent of having had any hand in the matter. The wild
young men, on that long-to-be-remembered-morling. had routed him
from his bed and, against his expressed wishes, had insisted on making
their head quarters in his office. The doctor was too noble to inform
on his young friends and so bore the opprobrium of the peace-loving
people, without trying to excuse himself.
Among the rough jokes of that period, was another perpetrated by
Bill Butser, who was then employed on a lake boat. At one time, the
body of a sailor was washed ashore and buried at Eagle Harbor.
Butser found this out, and, instigated by the spirit of mischief, he
dug up the body, cut it up, salted and packed it, then sent it to a
prominent citizen of Green Bay, who received it with the supposition, based upon its appearances, that it was a barrel of pork. The
consternation upon discovering human remains can not be described.
21




154               27WT  Americzan Setch ~Bcoe.
Tne news spread like wildfire.  People believed that a murder had
been committed, and were wrought up to the highest pitch of indignation.  Investigation followed, but no clue could be obtained that
would in the least way explain the matter, until Butser finally owned
his part in the transaction to a friend. Then the secret leaked out.
The Advocate of March 6th, 1856, says that among the papers of
the late Judge Reaume, were some giving the origin of the names
Green Bay and De Pere.  The writer inserts the information  they
contain merely as a matter of history:
In the early days, want of roads, of capital, of right energy among the inhabitants, rendered this a hard place to get a living. The patience and stoical fortitude of the people won the admiration of every body. Hence the locality got the
title of "Grin-and-bear-it," of which'Green Bay" is a corruption.    *   *'lhe
Rapids des Peres, supposed to have been named in honor of Marquette and others,
really took its name from the fact that numerous Indian progeny became a shade
lightcr after the advent of the fathers, and in consideration of their comparatively
few numbers, they somehow got the title of the Rapid Fathers.
In another copy of the Advocate of the same year, we find an
article in relation to a false report concerning Col. Child's death. In
some way a report was circulated that Col. Child died of cholera in
St. Louis, in 1855. The Advocate copied it, and here is what it says
later on the subject:
Finding the report was premature, and that the young man was not dead at all,
we sent him a copy of the notice, and a private apology. His reply was curt and
characteristic. He had received the notice he said, and accepted the apology though:e did not know any thing about it. He knew it was a d —d lie the moment he saw it.
Neil Gallagher, Esq., of Fort Howard, the present gentlemanly proprietor of the North Western Hotel, who is one of the oldest inhabitants of Fort Howard, having been there over twenty-five years,
related to the writer many of his early experiences, among which
were some very amusing ones, showing the shrewdness of some of the
early settlers. In the fall of 1853, he purchased a yoke of oxen at
Fond du Lac, and drove them  by way of Fort Howard to Oconto.
There being no road, he followed the bay shore, and one night found
himself at the shanty of a Yankee. The next morning, after paying
his bill, he started on his way, having been wished a pleasant journey
by his host. He very soon discovered some trees blazed through the
woods as if intended to mark a road.  This he thought was very fortunate, as following along the bay beach was often very far out of




Iistory  Iof   rowru   County.                   155
the way and a poor road. He therefore followed the blazed road which
very soon led him into marshy jumbles and swamps.  After wandering about nearly all day, he finally gave up and returned to spend
another night with his friendly host. In the morning, he proceeded
on his way to Oconto by way of the bay shore. He learned afterward
that this blazed road was a scheme, gotten up by this Yankee for the
purpose of getting his customers to spend the second night with him,
then pay liberally for his services as a pilot, in addition to their two
night's lodging bill.
Mr. Gallagher, for many years, was a very large and successful
drover of stock, to the Lake Superior country; in fact was the first
man that ever drove stock through the country by the way of what
is now known as the military road.  Himself and his men were compelled to cross the river on their oxen's back, and frequently suffered
for food which sometimes would be lost in crossing these rivers. At
one time, they actually had their provisions taken out from under
their heads by the prowling wolves.  As they  suffered frequently
by getting cold and wet, he, at one time, got a tin can made in which
to carry a little grog; this was made like a pair of saddle bags just
the size to strap on a cow's neck behind the horns. Of course, they
were very saving of the grog in the early part of the journey, but
after traveling many days, their stock got scattered in the woods,
and the cow which carried the grog was lost, among the rest, a day
and a night.  Upon finding her, they discovered, greatly to their disappointment, that some rascally half breed, or Indian, had caught the
gentle animal, and had drawn all of the grog from the can, supplying its place with water.
D. Hunt, Esq., of Fort Howard, contributes the following
The adjustment of private claims was made by the agents of the Government in
1820. Those on the west bank of Fox River, all had claimints, excepting two or
three strips. One of these belonged to a mythical individual, by the name of Laventure, whom no body knew except an old Menominee Indian, who, when a boy
saw him cutting hay "down yonder." The soldiers were removed in 1852, and the
Government lands, the fort being abandoned, in course of time came into market.
Some time after this, a party of surveyors were sent to fix upon the boundaries of
the fort, and the various claims. In order to do so, it was necessary to fix upon the
boundaries of the Laventure claim, which would be a starting point for the others,
and that was not so easy to do. But the party of surveyors stopped over night at
the United States hotel, of Green Bay, then kept by George Farnsworth; and early




156                      Ahe American  S Sie'Th  Bco7k.
the next morning, while the others slept, one of the number, an interested party.
procured some old stakes, crossed the river in a canoe, arranged the boundaries to
suit himself and returned before it was breakfast time. At the table, all of the
number met, and after the meal was finished, the party started out on their work
Strange to say, they discovered the stakes without the assistance of Livingston or
Stanley, and without dispute fixed the boundaries of Howard.
An amusing anecdote of those times is told concerning a certain
little shaver, named Lester P —, who, though not more than three
or four years old, attended Sabbath school regularly. On one occasion,
a new minister was called to preside, who was pleased to see the little
fellow there, and at once began a conversation with him.  "What is
your name my little man?" he asked.  The child who had a quick
sharp accent, did not enunciate distinctly, and the minister misunderstood him to say "Buster."  "0, you are a very nice little boy to come
to Sabbath school," he returned.  "Come again, little Buster."  In an
instant the boy's tiny fists were doubled up, and he astonished the
good man, by taking a fighting attitude and exclaiming: "If you call
me Buster again, I'll bust your head for you!"




His'cry of  7C'cWn  Ccu:nty.              1l57
CHAPTER  VIIi.
BRnOWN COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.-SKETCH BY CAPT. CURTIS R. MERRILL.-MILITARY LIFE OF COL. H. E. EASTMAN.-HISTORY
OF THE "STATE GAZETTE. — THE GREEN BAY AND LAKE PEPIN RAIL
ROAD AND ITS PROJECTOR. —INCIDENTS OF GENERAL HISTORY FROM
1860 TO 1870.
THE year 1860 was issued in with the discovery that a large amount
of forged Brown County orders and orders of the city of Green Bay
were afloat.
About the same time, Alexander Guesnier was admitted to the
Brown County bar. Mr. Guesnier is a native of France, where during the earlier years of his manhood he was engaged in law business.
Upon coming to America, he found that, having no trade and being
unable to speak the English language, he was without the means of
earning a livelihood. But he sat dilligently to work and in a short
time had mastered the language, and had become sufficiently well read
in the law to practice in our courts. He has since become a prominent man of the county.
June 30th, 1860, the first number of the Bay City Press, Col. H.
E. Eastman's paper was issued. Soon after, the publication passed
into the hands of Porter Jones and John D. Lawe, Col. Eastman,
for some time, continuing on the editorial corps. After a while,
differences of opinion arose, whereupon one of the editors pocketed
his manuscript add walked over to the Advocate office with it. The
paper was Republican in politics, but some naughty young lady,
doubting its sincerity, on one occasion, contributed an acrostic which
its editors unwittingly published and which read "The Bay City Press
is at heart for Douglas."
The present Turners' Society of Green Bay was organized on the
16th of August, 1860, by the consolidation of three German Societies,
viz: the Turners' Society, The Harmony (Dramatic) Society and the
Liedertafel (Musical) Society. The members of the new society met




158            The American  Sketch   Book.
in a hall on Pine street, for over ten years, and there the people of
Green Bay have spent many a pleasant evening. (In 1870, the membership, having increased from forty to over one hundred members, it
was deemed necessary to have a more commodious building, and the
society bought two lots on the corner of Walnut street and Monroe
avenue, where they built the large new hall which they now occupy.
The building was formally opened November 6th, 1871, and since has
not only been used by the Turners, but by the Philharmonic Society,
theatrical troupes, etc. The society claim that it is the largest Turners' Hall in the state. The Turners' Society is not a secret organization, and it represents no religious or political party. Its exercises
partake of a gymnastic, dramatic or musical nature, or of the three
combined, and its object is instruction, health and amusement. The
Green Bay Turners' Society was admitted to the Nord Amerik. Turnerbund about six years ago. Its present president is August Brauns.)
This year, the Northwestern railroad, the first and only one of the
many which had been proposed that ever had a reality, received a charter. At this time, the population of Brown County was 11,900. The
following were the results of the elections on this memorable year:
County Board of Supervisors, D. Agry, of Green Bay, Chairman; D.
Ward and T. Bennett, of the city of Green Bay; F. Blesch and A. J.
Vieau, of Fort Howard; J. P. Dousman, of Bellevue; Cornelius
Doherty, of Glemore; Peter Becker, of the Town of Green Bay;
Robert Gibson, of Scott; Henry Fountain, of Humboldt; Andrew
Reid, of Lawrence; Chris. Kunz, of Morrison; J. Rasmussen, of New
Denmark; P. Burns, of Eaton; Chauncey Aldrich, of Preble; Stephen
Joyce, of Rockland; Sam. Watkins, of Suamico; L. B. Wright, of
Wrightstown; J. S. King, of the town of De Pere and Wm. Field,
Jr., of the Village of De Pere.
At the fall election, the following were the successful candidates:
F. S. Ellis, member of the Assembly; J. B. A. Masse, Clerk of the
Court; Matthew Bellew, Treasurer; M. P. Lindsey, Clerk of the Board:
0. B. Graves, District Attorney; J. H. Heyrmann, County Surveyor; M.
J. Meade, Register of Deeds; D. M. Whitney, Sheriff. John Last
was appointed Deputy Clerk of the Court.
The dark cloud of the threatening war of the rebellion spread itself
over the country early in 1861, arousing even the most sluggish of
our people to action and adding much of historical interest to the




History of  Brown   Ocunty.                   159
transpiring incidents of Brown County. T. O. Howe of Green Bay
was elected to the United States Senate, and on receipt of the confirmation of his election, the different organizations and the citizens of
Green Bay turned out in grand parade to congratulate him. E. H.
Ellis, the same year, received an almost unanimous call to the office
of Circuit Judge. A change of post masters occurred both in Green
Bay and Fort Howard, W. J. Green, editor of the Bay City Press.
being appointed for the former place, instead of Ed. Hicks; and
Joseph Tayler, for the latter, instead of William Fisk, Jr. (Joseph
Tayler has held the office to the present time-a period of sixteen
years.)
Upon the declaration of the war, an eager people responded to the
call of their country. Even the Oneidas were anxious to enlist. The
"Bay City Guards" were partially organized, with F. S. Ellis captain, and T. Ten Eycl and Joseph Harris as lieutenants. They wele
drilled by Capt. J. W. Cotton, of West Point. The company failed
in being enrolled and consquently disbanded. In May, the ladies of
Green Bay presented a flag to Major Shaler, at Fort. Howard. The
present was acknowledged by the firing of thirty-four guns from the
fort, to which Green Bay responded in a like salute. In June, Capt..J. F. Loy, of Green Bay made a trip to Madison, to get his company of Oconto Log Drivers accepted by the Government, and on.July 6th, the company departed for active service. Shortly before
this, Curtis R. Merrill, of De Pere, was appointed United States
Marshal, and H. H. Aldrich, his deputy; and about the same time Dr.
(. E. Crane became surgeon of the Fifth Wisconsin Regiment.
The fourth of July was observed by an enthusiastic celebration, on
which occasion Gov. Seymour made the address.
On the 29th of August, Morgan L. Martin was appointed paymaster
in the regular army with the rank of Major. At the November election, James H. Howe, of Green Bay, was elected Attorney General;
Ed. Hicks, Senator, from the second district, and T. R. Hudd, now of
Green Bay, Senator from the twenty-second district. F. S. Ellis again
represented Brown County in the Assembly, at the following session
of Legislature.
In August, 1861 a general order was issued authorizing the recruiting of a reriment from the German population of the state, and of
this regiment (the Ninth Wisconsin) Green Bay furnished Company




160            SMe A moricuanz S3ktch (ooL.
H, which was oficered at the starting by Capt. Gumal Hesse and
Lieutenants Fred Molzer and Phillip Kruer. Arthur Jacobi of Green
Bay was promoted during the war from Adjutant to Colonel of the
regiment.
The regiment reported at Fort Leavenworth, and there became
attached to the great "South Western Expedition."  Later, the force
was augmented by two Indian regiments and then was called'"Indian
Expedition."  At Newtonia,Mo., they met some eight thousand of
the enemy's troops, and a battle ensued with quite a loss to the
Ninth. Four of Company H were slain in the engagemrent, viz: Nick
Birkel, Richard Feldtrappe, Daniel Heineritz, and Valentine Haak.
At Sarcoxie, on the same day, Charles Horn, H. Lotlhwesen and
Michael Zyleusky of Company 1- were killed. The battle of Jenkins'
Ferry, on the Saline River, thinned the ranks so much that the regiment, after the muster out of the non veterans, was consolidated into
four companies under the commind of Lieut. Col. Arthur Jacobi. The
killed of Company H, at Jenkins' Ferry were John Becker and August
Schulz. Hermann Pfotenhauer was promoted from the ranks of Company H to First Lieutenant of Company D. The veteran Ninth w.Ls
mustered out at the close of the war.
The Union Guards of Green Bay were organized for the war of the
rebellion. They were ordered to report at Camp Randall, in October,
1861, and became Company H. of the Twelfth Wisconsin Infantry,
with Milo E. Palmer, Captain; Nathan A. C. Smith and C. C. Lovett.
Lieutenants. They remained in camp, engaged in drill exercises until
near the middle of the next January, when the regiment was ordered
to report at Weston, Mo., to take part in the "Gen. Lane's Expedition."
The march to Fort Scott was one of exposure and suffering, owing to
the intense cold weather which prevailed at the time. Later, they
marched as far west as Fort Riley, enroute for Santa Fe, and soon
after that "expedition" having been abandoned, they turned their faces
eastward, arriving at Leavenworth on the 24th of May. Thence, they
were ordered south, and in July, of the same year, reached Humboldt,
Tenn. There they remained some time, scouring all the country
within a radius of sixty miles, and during the time were engaged in
several brilliant expeditions. While there, the regiment published a
parer which wasnamed the Soldier's Budget. The printing material
was dug out of a hennery where it had been hidden by a retreating




History of  Brown  Coonty.                 161
rebel printer. George C. Sager, of Co. H, A. J. Blodgett, of Co. C,
John D. Cole, of Co. D, and a Mr. Walker, of Co. A, did the work of
publishing and printing.
But it is impossible in the limited space to follow the Union Guards,
in all their wanderings. With other companies of the Twelfth, they
were constantly in active service during the remainder of the war.
They participated in the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson; in the
battle at Atlanta and in several lesser engagements, with honor to
themselves and to their country. So rapid were the movements of
the Twelfth Regiment that it was nicknamed the "Marching Twelfth."
It was also called Bryant's menagerie, on account of the number of
animals belonging to the regiment, particularly a young black bear
owned by Company C. Two years from the date of the enlistment of
the same, the soldiers composing it had marched sixteen hundred
miles on foot, boen transported by steamers fifteen hundred miles and
by railroads six hundred miles. A few months later, they accomplished a imarch of four hundred and sixteen miles on foot in thirtyone days.
In May, 1862, Chas. C. Lovett resigned and returned home, where
he set about raising another company. Ephraim  Blakeslee was
appointed to the place of second lieutenant, left vacalt by Lovett.
In August of the same year, Nathan A. C. Smith also resigned.
Captain Palmer resigned his commission in August 1863, and Carlton B. Wheelock, who had entered the service as a sergeant and had
risen to first lieutenant, was promoted to the captaincy, and afterward to Major of the regiment, whereupon Ephraim Blakeslee, of La
Valle, became Captain of Company H. At the time the veteran
Union Guards were mustered out (August 16, 1865,) the officers in
command were Capt. Blakeslee and Lieutenants William  R. Bouton
and James Lennon.  Five of the Union Guards were killed in action,
-iz: Peter Askanette, H. H. Beaulieau, Henry A. Keeler, John Pung,
and Christopher Shaddaker. John Gunn died of wounds received in
battle. Fourteen of the company died of disease, viz: Chas. H. Allen,
Daniel Brown, Peter Brouilliard, John Coats, Selon Campbell, Jerome
Forsyth, Henry Gribner, Joseph Jepson, James Mitchell, N. H. Neilson, Jacob Rogers, Eliphalet Sanford, Joseph Tonard and Samuel
Watkins.
22




162'      ine Anmerican  S2etch  (Booc.
Among the incidents of purely local interest, in 1861 was the falling in of a saw mill at Bay Settlement, on January 18th, whereby S.
M. Durand of Howard miraculously escaped death by jumping through
an opening in the floor to the basement, where he was free from
injury from the falling timbers. The mill was the property of C. R.
Tyler. June 14th, the Northern Bank, U. H. Peak, President and R,
Chappell, Cashier, closed its doors on account of the pressure of the
times. A mirage occurred in April, which brought Peshtigo, thirtyeight miles distant, apparently nigh and plainly visible. The following were the fortunate candidates at the April election: Mayor of
Green Bay-H. S. Baird; Aldermen-E. A. Tooker, A. Weise, J. P.
Walls, E. Sherwood, Charles Le Clair, Porter Parish; Supervisors-C.
L. Wheelock, John Last. President of the village of De Pere-Randall
Wilcox; Trustees-William  Field Jr., William  Gow, William Armstrong, J. C. Roorbach, R. Jackson; Treasurer-F. Trudell; AssessorW. Sutherland; Justice-W. W. Mathews; Supervisor-Win. Field,
President of Fort Howard-Robt. Chappell; Trustees-E. Brehme, S.
Rupiper, 0. Grey, W. J. Fisk, C. E. Dubois, G. Oldenburg, T. Davison,
John Spence; Supervisors-D. W. Hubbard, B. Morris. The following
were the Chairmen of the Boards of the different towns as far the
writer has been able to ascertain: A. Reid of Lawrence, J. S. King of
De Pere, L. Laplant of Scott, D. Brunette Jr. of Howard, J. P. Dousnan of Bellevue, C. N. Aldrich of Preble, H. P. Hayden of Pittsfield.
In September of that year, the bridge at De Pere was completed.
Joseph Kieper, postmaster at that place died November 22nd. Another
old settler of Brown County passed away on December 29th. This
was Dominick Brunette, Sr., of Duck Creek, who settled here in
1798.
A tannery in Fort Howard which William J. Fisk and James Fisher
had been building was completed about the close of the year.
There were stirring war meetings both before and after election,
which were frequently addressed by James H. Howe, John C. Neville
and other prominent men.
Company F of the Fourteenth Regiment was recruited at De Pere,
in the fall of 1861, by Capt. Joseph J. LawLon l and others of
that place. Of this company, George W. Bowers became First, and
Samuel Harrison Second Lieutenant. The history of the Fourteenth
Regiment is long and marked from beginning to end with dangers




Histvory of ~Brcw Ot Ccnt-uy.                163
and privations which the brave band met with so much firmness, that
General Ransom, at Vicksburg, declared: "Every officer and man in
the Fourteenth Wisconsin is a hero."  Almost immediately on leaving the state, they went into active service. The battle of Shiloh w. s
their first, and for their determined bravery thereat they gained for
themselves the soubriquet of "Wisconsin Regulars."  One man only
of Company F fell in this battle, John D. Putnan.
The siege of Corinth soon followed. Previous to this, Capt. Lawton
had resigned, and Second Lieutenant, Samuel Harrison, had been proinoted to the captaincy. The latter fell mortally wounded at the
battle of Corinth; and was, in course of time, succeeded by D. A.
Ward, who was also promoted from second lieutenant to that place.
The commanding officer in his official report commended the Fourteenth in unmeasured terms of praise for the cool daring manifested
by its members during this battle. Though quite fatal to the regiiment in general, only one man beside the captain lost his life at the
battle of Corinth, viz: Samuel Morrison. After some other engagements, and considerable marching, they participated in the siege of
Vicksburg where a position of honor was accorded to them. Here
the company lost two men, killel, John L. Munger and Joseph
Bergman. The battle of Tupelo followed, but fortunately without
loss to the company. Subsequently they were in engagements at Old
Town Creek, Nashville, Spanish Fort and other places. At Spanish
Fort, Company F lost one man, Henry Hill. Disease took fifteen of
the company during the war; H. L. Cady, Abram Antoine, Thom.s
Baird, James H. Cramer, C. Danforth, Joseph Garrow. Alexis La
Count, S. E. Morrison, Thomas Me Nedl, James Nimham. Alex. Tidd
Thomas Thomas, Andrew Vertz, A. J. Vieau and Daniel Rockwood.
The survivors were mustered out in October, 1865, the following
officers being in charge, Capt. John P. Ryan, and Lieutenants Charles
Beattie and James K. Newton.
The first incident of local interest to Brown County upon the open
ing of the year 1862, was the election for the issue of bonds to the C.
& N. W. Railroad, by which $49,500 in bonds were exchanged for a
like amount of stock.
At the April election, H. S. Baird was re-elected Mayor and Philipp
Klaus, Treasurer of Green Bay. The Aldermen were E. H. Ellis, 0.
A. Tooker, C. Woelz, James Maguire, E. Sherwood, T. Bennett, P.




164           nThe American Sketoh Dock.
Parish and Louis Scheller; Justices, W. C. E. Thomas and C. H. Kics.
Otto Tank was elected president of the Borough of Fort Howard and
D. Jordan, president of De Pere. The trustees for the latter place
were J. W. Childs, Robt. Jackson, W. P. Call, Wm. Field, Jr., G. S.
Marsh and Wm. Gow.
The steamer Swan purchased at Detroit by Charles T. Harvey, with
D. M. Whitney as master, this season b Jam piyii a between Green Bay
and Masonville for the purpose cf carrying the United States mails,
as well as such passecngrers and fre'ght as were passing between here
and Marquette, Lake Superor.  Increasing business demanding a
larger craft, Mr. Harvey built the steamer Sarah Van Epps to take
the place of the Swan. The latter was one hundred and forty feet
long with twenty feet beam. She continued in the trade until 1866,
when she was sold to parties in Chicago and taken from  the bay'
Capt. E. Hagerty, Capt. Brooks and Capt. Vance were among the
various masters in command of the Sarah Van Epps during her
sojourn upon Green Bay.
The Bay City Press suspended publication in April. On the 26th
of the same month, Thomas Green a settler of 1834 died. A little
later W. J. Green, postmaster of Green Bay resigned and D. M.
Whitney was appointed as his successor.
Among the improvements of the year were the building of Dousman & Elmore's large elevator in Fort Howard, and the completion of
telegraph communication to St. Paul. The first message to St. Paul
passed over the wires on the fifth of August. About this time, James
H. Howe was appointed Colonel of the thirty-second Wisconsin Regiment and Dr. H. Pearce examining surgeon of Brown County.
The writer has to chronicle the death of three old settlers among the
events of 1862: that of D. W. Hubbard on July 22nd, of Edward
Hagarty, a popular lake captain on October 27th, and of Daniel Whitney the founder of Navarino, on November 4th. By the death of the
latter, Green  Bay lost one of its honored and valued citizens.
The Advocate says that Mr. Whitney  had delighted  in  the
growth and improvement of the place which  he had founded
and had never lost the belief that it would ultimately becolme, what
its advantages bespoke for it, the most important city in the state.
He was, at the time of his death, a zealous member of the Episcopal
Society, which edifice, the first protestant church in the city, he helped




History  of  Brown  Coonty.                    165
to build by large contributions.  He is remembered as honest, generous and kind in his dealings with his brother men. He died in the
house which had been his home for nearly thirty years, leaving his
widow sole executor of his large estate.
The Thirty Second Regiment which was organized under the superintendence of Col. James H. Howe, of Green Bay, was mustered into
service on the 25th of September, 1862. Company F of that regiients was recruited at Green Bay, Mathew J. Meade, Captain; Michael
F. Kalmbach and Paul Dakin,* Lieutenants.  (The latter had served
as a sergeant in Co. H, of the Twelfth.  He died July 12th, 1863, at
Memphis, Tenn.)  At Memphis, the regiment was joined to Sherman's corps.  At the time of Lee's attack upon Moscow, they received
orders to proceed to that place. Being at the time stationed at La
Grange, nine miles distant, they marched thither in less than two
hours, and saved Colonel Hatch's cavalry from capture. Subsequently,
their movements were rapid and varied, and  were enlivened by
numerous engagements with the enemy. At the seige of Atlanta,
they were constantly under fire for ten days; yet comparatively few
were killed; Sergeant Joseph P. Whidden, was the only one of Co. F
killed at this time —in fact the only one of said company killed in
action during the war, although the regiment was engaged in battles
and skirmishes both before and after that time. Corporal S. W. Smith
died of wounds received at Salkatratchie, S. C. Disease was*more destructive to the regiment than battle.  Beside those already mentioned
eighteen of Co. F fell victims to the destroyer: D. D. Ausis, P. H.
Beaulieu, Stoddard Cannon, John Deckers, Englebert Dequin, Alonzo!Edson, I. M. Ferguson, John  C. Griffiths, E. G. Haines, H. W.
I-Haghes, Moses Jerdon, Wm. Johns, Alex. Olen. David Paige, Jr.,
Increase Stevenson, Win. Teller, Daniel Vaughn, Joseph Welding.
The regiment was mustered out at Washington, June 12, 1865. At
tlhat time Co. F had the following officers:  Henry C. Graham, Capt;
Nelson R. Lee and Oscar B. Smith, Lieutenants.
G. P. Farnsworth, of Green Bay, was quarter-master of this regiment, and Benj. H. Beckwith, adjutant.
*Piil:Dakin was a most exeel2ent young man and his loss was sincerely mourned. To this
(';-y his memory is fresh in the hearts of his numerous friends who breathe his nalme softly
with the lines;
"Green be the grass above thee,
lFriend of onr early days;
None knew thee but to love thee,
None named thee but to praise."




166            TIre America7n  S7cetc7h (Book.
Quite an excitement occurred upon the occasion of the draft which
was ordered to take place November 13th. A number of Belgiais
and other foreigners from two or three of the towns flocked en msasst
into the city. They were armed with muskets, shot guns, rifles.
pistols and clubs and presented quite a blood thirsty appearance.
Some straightforward advice from Senator Howe, to whose residence
they subsequently repaired, brought them to their senses and they
gradually dispersed. The number drafted in Brown County on that
day was one hundred and fifty-five.
The C. & N. W. R. R. reached Fort Howard November 11th, 1862,
and the event was observed by a general celebration. The party of
excursionists from Chicago and along the line were received at the
terminus by the steamer Queen City under the command of Capt. J.
B. Jacobs, who had volunteered to give them a trip on the river and
bay. After the steamboat ride a bountiful dinner gotten up by Theodore Noehle was served at Klaus' Hall, where numerous toasts and
responses were given. This railroad which has since pushed several
hundred miles north, has the following men in its employ at Fort
Howard: H. A. Rannous, Agent; R. Barclay, Operator; L. F. Smith.
Master Mechanic; L. W. Dousman, Cashier; C. T. McElroy, Bill
Clerk; W. C. Tyler, Ticket Clerk.
In the spring of 1863, Mr. Harvey, finding the steamer Sarah Van
Epps intfficient for his increasing trade, purchased the Arrow, at
Detroit, and put it upon the bay in charge of Capt. Alfred Taylor.
These boats were run as the Green Bay Transit Company's Line.
This was but another name for the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad Company, which for obvious reasons did not choose to be known
in connection with the boating business any farther than it was profitable to be so. In the fall of the same year, the company began the
building of a new steamer which was named the George L. Dunlap,'in
honor of the general manager of the Northwestern Railroad. It was
put into the trade the next year with Capt. A. Taylor as master. The
George L. Dunlap was built at Tank Town by W. H. Wolf. She
was one hundred and eighty-eight feet long with twenty-five feet beam.
About this time, Mr. Violf built the propeller Favorite and the
schooner Etna. The former was to ply between Chicago and St. Jo.
The spring election of 1863 made Burley Follett, mayor of Green
Bay, Philipp Klaus, treasurer, and William Scott and C. Eames, Jus



Histcry of  Brccwn  County.                  167
iices. The aldermen for this year were E. H. Ellis, N. Freund, James
Ma Guire, D. M. Whitney, B. C. Gardnier, P. Parish, Louis Scheller
and Edson Sherwood. At De Pere, R. Wilcox was elected president
and the board the same as the preceding year. Fort Howard elected
the following officials: President E. P. Royce, Justices, D. Hunt and
M. Clark; Trustees, Joseph Rupiper, W. J. Fisk, Oscar Gray, Wim. Bell,
IF. Blesch, C. E. Dubois, Julius Bergman and E. Doty.
On May 9th, the "Church astray," at Muskrat Town, near the mouth
of the river, was burned. It had been built several years before by
sone enterprising men who hoped to make a city there. The plan
proved a failure, and the church'stood alone and unoccupied, until
so'le one, weary of seeing it, set fire to it.
Peter Van den Wall, of Bay Settlement was murdered this summer
and his son and son-in-law's brother were arrested therefor. At the
next term of court, the former was sentenced to Waupun for a period
of ten years and the latter for life. In July, Martin L. Martin, (a
brother of Xavier Martin) also of Bay Settlement, was crushed by a
falling tree and so injured that he soon died.
The bridge at Wrightstown was completed in August, and the
Walnut street bridge (Green Bay) was also completed on the 22nd of
September. At the formal opening of the latter on that day, the
mayor and the council passed over it in omnibusses decorated with
flags. In October, of the same year, the De Pere bridge tolls were
abolished.
A great storm occurred August 21st, at which time a boat containii g Theodore Johnson and two others, which was out on Fox River,
was capsized. The former was drowned, but his two companions were
rescued by the Duchateau brothers who were coming in with a load
of shingles.
The Baptist church at Fort Howard was dedicated on the 3rd of
September, and the dedicatory sermon delivered by Rev S. Adams.
On the 1st of October, the light house on Green Island at the mouth
of the Menominee river was completed. The material used in building was Milwaukee brick.
In November, F. S. Ellis was elected to the Senate and W. J. Abrams
to the Assembly. The following received a majority for supervisors:
J ohn Last, C. W. Aldrich and M. Quinn.




163      I. Qe A mericwan   kelto   Book.
A terrible conflagration occurred on November 12th, which laid in
rains a whole block situated between Adams and Washington streets,
and Pine and Cherry streets. On Washington street the following
places of business were burned, Joseph Harris' jewelry store; a saloon
building owned by F. Desnoyer, above which was the Odd Fellows
Hall; Cormier & Co's boot and shoe store; L. & J. Herschede's bakery;
A. Kimball's hardware store; Charles Bern&r's saloon, the United
States Hotel, owned by J. S. Baker, and the tailor shop and residence
of William Rowbotham. On Pine street a saloon and billiard rooms
of Resch & Noehle, and three large store buildings, belonging to
Philip Klaus, were consumed. Those destroyed on Cherry street were
H. W. Harvey's gun shop; Anton Burkard's cabinet factory; George
C. Wirth's tobacco store, the post office building and some others.
Four small buildings in the block were saved; the remainder of the
property was a total loss. During the conflagration, the firemen
became exhausted, and a number of ladies sprang forward and worked
the brakes. Prominent among these were Mary Joyce, Josephine Foisythe and Miss Rowbotham. The contents of the post office department were saved, and the next morning the post master established
his quarters on the green, a square distant from the ruins.
Later in November, a railroad accident occurred near Fort Howard,
by which three persons were severely injured. The mail was pitched
into Ashwaubanon Creek, and was not recovered for two or three days.
The next month the Green Bay Stave Factory was destroyed by fire.
A draft took place in the county, November 21st, from which Green
Bay, Fort Howard and De Pere were free by previous enlistments.
Charlotte Busche, an Indian woman of the tribe of Mandans (now
about extinct,) died in the town of Bellevue in December, 1863, aged
one hundred and twenty-five years. A sketch of her very eventful
history will certainly be interesting to all. In her early life a battle
occurred between the Mandans and the Sioux Indians and she was
taken prisoner. By her captors, she was obliged to ran the gauntlet
naked. Coming out lacerated but alive, she became their slave. After
a time they sold her to the Winnebagoes, who in turn sold her to a
French trader and he took her to Little Traverse Bay and gave her to
the wife of an Ottawa chief. There she was subjected to all kinds of
torture, and finally her mistress, having a dying son, reo'ved to kill
her that she might bear him company to the other land. On hearing




Col. C  D. Rob~iis-on.                       -o       T  R. - Iudd.
~Dr. A. 113 Wifliiih s.








History of  Brown  Cozuny.                 173
this decision, she ran away. After long wandering, she became so
worn out and hungry that she threw herself upon the protection of some
Indians and they returned her to her mistress, who immediately cut
off her ears and obliged her to eat them; then condemned her to die
the miext day. But in the night some unknown friends cut her bonds
and she again escaped. After wandering three days, she hailed a
caioe and its occupants took her to Mackinac. There she found a
trader who offered to convey her to Green Bay. She accepted, but
instead of/leaving her at Green Bay he took her to the portage (now
Portage City) where he gave her to a Mrs. Lequya. The new mistress
proved as heartless as the old one had been; abused her and compelled
her to marry a man by the name of Dashna by whom she had two
children. About this time, the trader returned and claimed her. He
now carried her to Green Bay and sold her to Joseph Busche with
whom she lived until his death, which happened about 1833. She was
the mother of a large family of children.
Events of 1864: Early in January a row occurred at Clow's saloon
in De Pere, at which time a man named Me Henry injured Henry
Forrestel so that he died. In March, a post office was established at
Duck Creek in the town of Howard. In April, the following men
were elected to office in Brown County.  Mayor of Green Bay,
Nathan Goodell; Council, D. W. Britton, George Stone, J. Van den
Moeslaer, C. Woelz, B. C. Gardiner, A. Kimball, P. Parish and Louis
Scheller. President of Fort Howard, Oscar Gray; of De Pere, R.
Wilcox.
It is here necessary to chronicle the death of Rev. Neils Otto Tank,
the founder of Tanktown, which occurred May 4th, 1864. Mr. Tank
was a native of Frederickshald, Norway. He was educated partly in
the land of his birth and partly in Germany. He was at one time
under the instruction of the celebrated Hugh Miller, in the study of
geology. He finished his education in England. He early became a
convert to religion, and having connected himself with the Moravian
Congregation in Norway, was employed by that church as a teacher
and afterward as their commercial agent. He married Miss Mariana
Dorothea Frueauff, of Hernhut, Germany.  Later, he received an
appointment of missionary to South America, and entered on his
labors there about 1840. Four years later, he lost his devoted partner
by death, which left motherless his little daughter, then only eighteen
24




174            TIe A merican   r keto7h  Book.
months old. In 1847, he returned to Earope where he married, in
1849, Miss C. L. A. van der Mulen, daughter of Rev. R. J. van der
Mulen of Amsterdam, Holland. The next year, he came to America.
Upon his arrival he was requested by the Moravian Home Missionary
Society to look after the Norwegian emigrants in Wisconsin. This
brought him to Green Bay. He purchased a large tract of land on
the west side of the river with the intention of founding a Norwegian
colony. He is represented in all of his dealings with his fellow men
as having been actuated by true Christian principle.
Soon after the spring election, the lots upon which the new court
house is built, were purchased at cost of $2,800.
Some time in May, a company called the Brown County Guards was
organized,which enlisted for one hundred days. Its officers were-Captain, J. Camm; Lieutenant, Leonard La Plant. A. Guesnier was one of
the Corporals. The company was mustered into the Forty First Regiment, as Company G. James Camm had previously served as Lieutenant in the De Pere Company and had resigned; and Leonard La
Plant had served in Company H of the Thirty-fourth Regiment as
second lieutenant and had been mustered out at the expiration of his
term.
A little later, Col. James H. Howe resigned his commission and
accepted the position of attorney for the Northwestern Railroad.
Dr. Louis Carabin, the proprietor of the Village of West Depere, died
July 22nd, after a residence of eighteen years at Green Bay.
The new Beaumont House was opened in September by R. P. Harriman and his worthy lady. On the 10th of the next month the
American House, which belonged to the Carabin estate was destroyed
by fire.
During the fall of 1864, Col. Eastman, at that time an inmate of
Libby prison, was exchanged and returned home. Dr. Lamb, formerly
assistant surgeon of the Fortieth Regiment, located at Green Bay about
that time. Upon the third draft being ordered, the quota of Green
Bay and that of the town of Howard were found over full.
Upon November. 10, the long desired sale of the Fort Howard Military Reserve took place.
At the November election, W. J. Abrams was re-elected to the
Assembly. At the same time the following county officers were
elected: Xavier Martin, Register of Deeds; Anton Klaus, Treasurer;




Historuy of  Brown  County.                  175
0. B. Graves, District Attorney; M. P. Lindsley, Clerk of the Board
of Supervisors; J. B. A. Masse, Clerk of the Circuit Court; and George
Langton, Sheriff.
This year a money order department to the post office was established.
Company F of the Fiftieth Regiment was recruited in Gieen Bay
by Charles C. Lovett and Chas. Pfotenhauer in the spring of 1865,
and sent out to Dakota Territory, with the above named gentlemen
acting as captain and first lieutenant. Being organized so near the
close of the war, there is not much of a military record for this compiny, although it was detained in service something over a year. During this short time, Company F lost six men by accident and disease:
— George Hermon, (drowned) Jacob Harr, Ed. Lacount, Henry Gardner, Peter Nelson, and T. Thompson.
The first saw shop, and the only one now in Green Baywas opened
in the spring of 1865, by Samuel Lindley and Joseph Clark, of New
York. Not meeting with such success as they had looked for, in the
following fall, they returned to New York. In the spring of the next
year, however, they again came to Green Bay, and entered anew into the
business of repairing and furnishing saws. In June of this same
year, Mr. Clark disposed of his interest in the business to Mr. Lindley,
who has since conducted it; and from a small and somewhat discouraging beginning, has, by his superior skill, and a thorough knowle4ge of this branch of business, builded up a large and lucrative
trade.
At the spring election of this year (1865) M. P. Lindsley became
Mayor of Green Bay, with the following council: D. W. Britton, A.
Guesnier, J. A. Killian, D. M. Whitney, B. C. Gardiner, A. Kimball,
P. Parish and E. Sherwood. Philipp Klaus was elected Treasurer; D.
Agry; County Judge; and John Last, Assessor. At Fort Howard, J. S.
Fisk was elected President; C. Schwarz, Treasurer, and James Camm,
Constable.
It will be remembered that a national calamity occurred in April of
this year in the assassination of President Lincoln  which  was
mourned by a sorrowing people every where in the land. At Green
Bay the day of the funeral obsequies was universally observed. Nearly
all of the houses were draped in mourning, the bells tolled and a cannon fired at half hour intervals throughout the day. In the after



176'The American  Sketc7h  Book.
noon, at the hour appointed for the funeral, a large procession was
formed which marched slowly through the principal streets to Harvey
& Co's dock (all of the halls being far too small) where Col. C. D.
Robinson delivered an able address.
This spring, a military road to Lake Superior was authorized to be
made, and the contract let to R. P. Harriman and George Field.
During the boating season of [865, sixty vessels loaded at De Pere
and sailed therefrom. Several improvements were made during the
year. The contract for the new court house was let to Schwarz &
Kemnitz of Fort Howard at $37,950. Baily & Son of Fort Howard
built a turning factory and James Fisher, a tannery. At De Pere a
furniture factory was started by D. M. & E. Loy; and a new saw mill
of sixty horse power was erected seven miles south of Green Bay by
R. P. Harriman and Alfred Smith.
The saw mill, built by Judge Arndt in 1824, which had been
repaired and refitted, making it one of the best mills in the county,
was destroyed by fire September 1st.
At the fall election Capt. M. J. Meade received a large majority of
votes for State Senator, and W. J. Abrams was re-elected to the Assembly. John Last, C. N. Aldrich and M. Brick were elected supervisors.
About this time, Capt. C. R. Merrill's provost office was discontinued
and he returned t6 De Pere. Before closing the war record the writer
desires to make mention of a few more of the gallant men of Brown
County belonging to other regiments and not previously noticed,
some of whom did not become residents here until after the war.
Lieut. Leonard Martin (a son of Morgan L. Martin) of the regular
army and a graduate at West Point, served during the war in the
army of the Potomac. He had command of the well known Ayers
Battery until 1864 when he was appointed colonel of the Fifty-first
Wisconsin Regiment. This gentleman's record during the war is a
most praiseworthy one. Morgan L. Martin tells of being in Washington at one time in conversation with a friend when a young sunbrowned man entered the apartment unannounced and greeted them
cordially Neither recognized him and so informed him, whereupon
he turned to Mr. Martin's companion and said: "Though neither of
you know me I assure you that man is my father."
Levi J. Billings, a well known lawyer of Green Bay at the present
time, entered the army as second lieutenant of Company K of the




History of DBrown  County.                 177
twenty-eighth regiment. He was promoted in August 1863 to first
lieutenant and in October of the same year to captain of the company.
Major Levi Howland, now one of the firm of J. P. Laird & Co. lumber dealers and manufacturers, Fort Howard, entered the army as second lieutenant of Company G of the First Regiment. He was promoted to first lieutenant of Company A, September 5, 1861; to captain of Company C in November of the same year, and to major of
the Third Battalion, July 23, 1863. In 1865, he was mustered out,
h ving served the entire period of the war.
Dr. A. H. Van Norstrand, now a prominent man of Brown County,
was surgeon of the Fourth Regiment from the time it was mustered
in until January 28, 1864, when he resigned.
Col. T. B. Catlin enlisted in the Fifth Regiment in 1861, and was
captain of Company D. He was promoted to Lieut. Colonel January
14, 1863. He was mustered out in 1865, having served during the
entire period of the war. He is now a well known painter of Green
Bay.
Dr. B. C. Brett studied medicine at the age of twenty-one and graduated at the Dartmouth Medical College in the year 1859. He was
engaged in New York City in Dispensary practice until shortly before
the breaking out of the war of the rebellion, when he came west. He
was appointed assistant surgeon in the 21st WV isconsin Regiment and
just before the close of the war was promoted to surgeon of the 17th
Regiment.  Later he located at Brodhead, Wisconsin, where he
practiced until 1872, when he became established in his profession at
Green Bay.
Henry D. Bannister was second lieutenant of Co. I of the Third
Regiment. On December 20th, 1864, he was promoted to first lieutenant of the same company, and on the following March was transferred to Company D. Mr. Bannister is now proprietor of the Gas
Works at Green Bay.
Samuel M. Bond, now a conductor on the Green Bay & Minnesota
Railroad, entered the army as a private. He was promoted Sept. 14th,
1864 to second lieutenant of Company A of the Independent Battallion, Second Regiment, which formed a part of the celebrated Iron
Brigade. He was transferred to Company G of the Sixth Regiment
and promoted to first lieutenant, Dec. 21, 1864, and was mustered out
at the close of the war.




178             OTe American  Sketc7h  Book.
The following list comprises a number of persons then residents of
Brown County who served out side of the companies raised here:
Cooper D. Ayres, Surgeon, Seventh Infantry; W. T. Barclay, First
Lieutenant, Co. H Thirty-fourth Infantry; William Beaupre, Captain,
Co. G Seventeenth Regiment; P. H. Campbell, Second Lieutenant, Co.
B  Thirty-fourth Regiment; Aug. Cantin, Second Lieutenant, Co. G
Seventeenth Regiment; Edgar Conklin. Captain, Co. F Twent-first
Regiment; C. E. Crane, Surgeon, Fifth Regiment; Joseph S. Curtis, Second Lieutenant, Co. E Forty-second Regiment; H. E. Eastman, Major,
Second Battalion, Second Cav. Regiment  Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel; John B. Eugene, Quartermaster, Forty-third Regiment; Franz
Hermon, First Lieutenant, Co. C Ninth Regiment; Chas. N. Hoag,
Lieutenant, Co. E. First Regiment, (died September 13, 1862); Maurice Maloney, Colonel, Thirteenth Regiment; Napoleon Mignault.
Chaplain, Seventeenth Regiment; J. M. Norris, Second Lieutenant, Co.
G. Forty-seventh Regiment; Joseph F. Loy, Captain, Co. H. Fourth
Regiment; James T. Reeve, Surgeon, Twenty-first Regiment; L. M.
Rossiter, Lieutenant, Co. B Fifth Regiment; H. S. Schuyler, Lieutenant, Co. I First Regiment; Chas. D. Suydam, Lieutenant, Co. C Fortyseventh Regiment; James P. Walls, Lieutenant, Co. G- Second Regiment Cav.; Wm. R. Torrey, Lieutenant Colonel, First Cavalry, (died
August 2nd, 1864.)  Chas. D. Robinison, editor of the Green Bay
Advocate was commissioned Assistant Quartermaster.
Cornelius Doxtater, now  head warrior and interpreter of the
Oneidas, raised a company of sharp shooters for the war.  They were
assigned to the seventeenth' corps and more than half the number
were killed in battle. (Doxtator is a fine looking man, gentlemanly
in.his bearing and dress, and having received a collegiate education,
speaks and writes the English language with ease.)
At the request of the writer, Captain Curtis R. Merrill has contributed the following article concerning
THE BROWN COUNTY DRAFT.
The history of a nation or people is largely a history of its war. Take from
Rollin, or Me Cauley, or Bancroft. all that refers to the wars of the nations or people
written about, and little remains that will be read.
The United States has not, in its one century of national existence, accumulated
a. very large amount of this valuable historical material. Its great revolution, and
great rebellion are famous in history, but it can point to no rise and fall of empires,




History of Brcwn County.                             179
no long Iine of rival dynasties warring for power or conquest. and has only here
and there, a famous battle field, or crumblin  fiortification to remind an admiring
posterity of the valor of their ancestors. The north west is particularly barren in
this respect, and is indebted to Black Hliwk for almost the only oppdrtunity it
h s had of breaking the dull monotony of the reign of peace.
Wonderful traditions of Indian warfare may lie buried in its mysterious "Buttes
des Morts," but the Black Hawk war is the only conspicuous movement of the white
man's military powers. The names of Forts Howard, Winnebago and Dearborn,
are suggestive of military warfare, but they suggest only its possibilities, not its
realities. Ostensibly for war, they were silently preaching peace to the original Lo,
and his red skinned legions, and they were successful missionaries. The Forts had no
sieges, and the only enjoyments of its garrisons were between "fair women and
brave men."  The great rebellion brought the war question more directly home to
thie people. The stirring notes of "fife and drum," were heard in almost every
village, and the nation seemed to be a great encampment of soldiers. The response
to the call for volunteers, had been so prompt and general as to have the appearance of a national upraising; but after two years of hard fighting, it became evident
that we were engaged in a life and death struggle for national existence, and that
the impulsive enthusiasm of national patriotism must settle down into systematic,
patient persistant war. Notwithstanding the zeal with which the armies had been
filled by volunteers, there was a large class, who for various reasons were not
inclined to voluntarily share in the hardships and dangers of the camp and field;
and, that the burdens of war mnght be more evenly borne, Congress passed, in
the winter of 1863, the conscription or draft act. This put a new face, not only on
the war, but the people. Under this act, every congressional district became a military district with a Provost-marshal head quarters, and a board of enrollment for
recruiting and drafting soldiers.
The oicers appo'nted by the war department, for this congressional district were
as follows: C. R. Merrill, Provost-marshal and President of Board of Enrollment;
H. 0. Crane, Surgeon of Board of Enrollment; W. A. Bugh, Commissioner of
Board of Enrollment.
Provost-marshal Merrill appointed the following deputy marshals for the thfrteen
counties in the district: Col. John Hancock, Winnebago County; Capt. John F.
Guyle, Manitowoc County; Honr. John Robinson, Calumet County; S. P. Wing,
Outagamie County; Col. George C. Ginty, Oconto County; Hon. Geo. D. Warring,
Green Lake County; Hon. A. K. Osborne, Waupaca County; N. W. Milliken,
Waushara County; Dr. John Wiley, Shawano County; Hon. E. Decker, Kewaunee
County; J. D. Stevens, Door County.
In April, 1863, the Secretary of War ordered the Provost-marshal to establish his
Head Quarters, at Green Bay, and to occupy Fort Howard as a rendezvous for
recruited and drafted men, and the confinement of deserters, and a detachment of
the Veteran Reserve Corps were assigned and reported to him for duty at that post.
The enrollment of those liable to military service, was a tedious, difficult and sometimes dangerous work. In some localities the law was openly set at defiance and




180                  he& Americxn ~SXect  Book.
the officers were resisted ani military aid was required to protect them and carry on
the work.
The first draft under the national act, was made in November, 1863, in the old
wooden Court House at the corner of Adams and Doty streets, in Green Bay. The
excitement and anxiety were intense, and the city was full of people from the different
counties. The court room was filled with a more anxious audience than it had ever
contained before, and no judicial tribunal, whether represented by Irving, or Stow,
or Howe, or Cotton, was ever regarded with amore profound and breathless attention, than was the blind man who stood silently and passively beside the draft
wheel. At the appointed hour the marshal announced the commencement of the
draft.
The commissioner broke the seals of the envelopes containing the tickets of each
sub-district and deposited them in the draft wheel, from which a blind man, procured for the occasion, drew at every turn of the wheel, a name, until the quota
of the sub-district was filled. A week was required to complete the draft. The
number drawn under the call was two thousand eight hundred and forty. Under
the President's call of July 18, 1864, another draft was made of four thousand eight
hundred and ten men, and under the last call of December 1864, a further draft
of eight hundred and forty was made. For over two years, the board continued its
work of drafting, examining, clothing and forwarding soldiers, until the surrender
of Lee in the spring of 1865, which entirely closed the war. Perhaps no two years
in the history of Green Bay or Brown County will be remembered with more deep
and varied interest. The inside history of broken families, desolate hearthstones,
and the real tragedies of life so incident to war will never be written, but will be
repeated and preserved in family tradition through many generations.
In October 1865, the war department ordered the office closed. The old fort
which was built by Col. Chambers in 1816, after a military occupation of one and a
half centuries, was turned over to the Chicago & North Western Rail Road. This
being its last military occupation. Its white stockade and barracks and officers
quarters have disappeared, and the great wheel of a windmill intices the bay breezes
on which the old flag used to float so gracefully.
The following official letter may be of interest in this connection.
Mayor's Office, City of Green Bay, November 7, 1864.
Capt. C. R. Merrill, Provost Marshal, Fifth District, Wis.
Sir: In consequence of the beligerent state of the county I feel it my duty as
guardian of the city of Green Bay to call upon you for the veteran reserve corps
under your command in putting down any -riotous conduct on the day of election
should there be occasion to resort to arms.
I am unwilling to think that there will be any cause,or sufficient cause to call upon
the military department for assistance.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
N. Goodell, Mayor.




History  of (rown   Cozuty.                        181
War Department, Washington, D. C., April 15,1865.
Capt. C. R. Merrill, Provost Marshal, Green Bay, Wis.
It is believed that the assassins of President Lincoln and Secretary Seward are
attempting to escape to Canada. You will make a caretul and thorough examination
of all persons attempting to cross from the United States into Canada and will
arrest all suspicious persons. The most vigilant scrutiny on your part and the force
at your disposal is demanded. A description of the parties supposed to be implicated in the murder will be telegraphed you to-day, but in the mean time be active
in preventing the crossing of suspicious persons.
By order of the Secretary of War.
N. S. Jefferies, Brvt. Brig. Gen. and acting Pro. Mar. Gen.
The friends of Col. Eastman request, as an act of justice, the publication of the following article concerning his military life:
Col. H. E. Eastman entered the military service as a Major of the Second Wisconsin Cavalry, November 9, 1861, and was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, April 2,
1864. He commanded the brigade and military post at Redbone Church, Mississippi,
from August'63 to March 1864, and had many lively fights but no disasters. On the
3,rd of that month, the Second Cavalry, all that were left of it, having re-enlisted
for another three years, "or for the war," Major Eastman was ordered to conduct
the regiment home from Vicksburg for a thirty days furlough "within the State." On
reaching Madison, April 2nd, was handed his commission as lieutenant colonel; and
before separating at that place, the officers of his command presented him with an
elegant gold watch and chain, made to order, "as a token of their admiration and
esteem."  This was the second testimonial made to Major Eastman, by'his
command, the first being a splendid gold mounted sword, presented on the 22nd of
February, 1862. He conducted the regiment back to Vicksburg, May 2nd, 1864, and
was captured by the enemy, while visiting Redbone Church, with a single orderly,
July 4th, 1864, remaining in captivity at Meridian, Mississippi, Mobile and Cahaha,
Alabama, and at Libby Prison, Virginia, till September 1st, 1864. Having been
exchanged he reached Anapolis and Washington, September 3rd, 1864; but he came
home on sick leave, and was confined to his house and bed for many months.
There is, or was a cloud upon Col. Eastman's military history which requires but
a breath of candid, fairminded review to utterly dispel. During his service in the
army, Col. Eastman was three times "tried by Court Martial, as follows: Once in
August, 1862, at Helena, Arkansas, on charges preferred by Gen]. Eugene Carrs,
for refusing to give up the hospital of his sick soldiers, to be occupied as the Headquarters of that supercillious officer. No report of this trial was ever promulgated;
and it is fair to believe that Major Eastman's defense to that charge was more
damaging to the reputation of the officer who made the charge, and the commanding General who convened the court, (Genl. Steele) than to the plucky accused,
who dared to maintain the rights of his sick and wounded men, even to the point
of disobedience of an infamous order. The second and third trials were at Vicksburg,
in the winter and summer of 1864, and upon charges preferred by Col. Thomas
25




182                The  American  ASketch   book.
Stephens, ot his own regiment. Upon the promotion of Col. Washburn, the first
Colonel of the second cavalry, to Brigadier General, Lieutenant Colonel Stephens,
succeeled to the Colonelcy. Col. Stephens' single and sole qualification for the position was that of being a superior swordsman, having once been a member of the
Queen's Guards, in the British Army. He was a gladiator, with a skill and physique
fit for, and only fit for, the prize ring; yet the veriest coward in the service. So it
happened that when any active service was required of the regiment, Major Eastman was always detailed to command. Out of this, grew jealousy; and vindictiveness succeeded. While the regiment was lying at Haines' Bluff, before Vicksburg,
during the siege, there came one day, an order for Major Eastman to conduct the
available force, with three day's rations to the neighborhood of Black River Bridge
to reconnoitre rebel Gen. Johnston's movements in that direction. Now that
country had been overrun by both armies for months, and there was absolutely no
sustenance, for man or beast in it. Knowing this fact, from experience, Major
Eastman ordered his Quartermaster to get ready two teams to accompany the expe
dition, for the transportation of supplies. Col. Stephens undertook to countermand
the order. But Major Eastman assuming.to command the regiment for that occasion, because he had been detailed by tie commanding General, for that purpose,
took his teams and his supplies, without which, his force would have been anything
but "available."  That was called disobedience of orders; and constituted one
charge, upon which he was afterward found guilty by a punctilious court martial
Another charge grew out of an earlier transaction, and was incited by the same
spirit of jealousy and revenge. It was as follows: At Memphis, on the 18th of
April, 1863, Colonel Bryant, of the Twelfth Wisconsin Infantry, had been sent out
to Coldwater River, a distance of about forty miles, to engage the enemy, under
the rebel General Chalmers, while Col. Greeisan, was making his famous raid
through Mississippi. Major Eastman, was at that time, President of a Courtmartial at Fort Pickering, Memphis, and not subject to orders for any other duty.
Of a Saturday night, after midnight, and raining hard, a dispatch was received
from Col. Bryant requesting cavalry reenforcements. Col. Stephens was then with
the regiment. But the commanding General saw fit to request Major Eastman as
a favor, to take command of the force, and he cheerfully did so. He was in the
saddle with four hundred picked cavalry before daylight; and by noon had made the
march of forty miles, actually fighting his way nearly the whole distance, with
bands of the enemy on either flank, like so many Siberian wolves; and swimming
two rivers, the Cane and Nonconnah, full to the bank, in the march.
It was so brilliant and so daring a march, as to win the admiring comments of all,
with but a single exception, Col. Stephens. To him it seemed that no man would
dare undertake it, especially the swimming of the swollen streams. unless he were
drunk. On that expedition the cavalry captured ninety-three prisoners, including
seven rebel officers. And after the fight was over, next day, Major Eastman was
ordered by Col. Bryant to take one hundred of his men as a guard, and conduct
the prisoners to Fort Pickering. He finally undertook the duty with but fory men,
a light guard to convey that number of prisoners through a woody country,




History of Drown County.                                 183
infested by bands of guerrillas, but Major Eastman accomplished it without loss of
a man. Now having adjourned his court on that Saturday, till Tuesday morning,
and having returned with his prisoners, just in time to take his seat on the bench,
at the adjourned hour, Major Eastman did not return to Col. Bryant's camp, nor
was he expected or required to do so. And that was called, in Col. Stephens'
charges, "misconduct before the enemy."  And being exactly as is above stated,
that is what the Court-martial called it.  On the contrary, this is what Col.
Bryant called it in a letter dated
MADISON, DECEMBER 9,1867.
COL. I. E. EASTMAN:
My Dear Colonel:-I well remember the circumstances to which you call my attention in your
favor of the 30th inst., and am glad of an opportunity to set your record right in that particular.
After our fight at Coldwater, on the   day of April, 1863, in which you and your command
took conspicuous part, reaching me just in the nick of time. After one of the most brilliant
and daring marches of the war, I required the services of some trusty officer to take command of a guard of one hundred men to conduct our prisoners to headquarters at Memphis,
You undertook that difficult duty, with but forty men, and safely executed it. You did not return
to me at Coldwater, nor were you required or expected to do so, as my entire command returned
to Memphis next day, the object of the expedition being accomplished.
If I can do or say any more for you in the premises. you have good right, at any i   te to cal
on me.                    Most truly yours,                        G. E. BRYANT.
That was the first case presented by Col. Stephens against Major Eastman, and
the trial was had at Vicksburg, in January, 1864. Major Eastman was then in command of a Brigade at Redbone Church, twelve miles from  Vicksburg. He was
present in court for but a single half hour, just long enough to hear the charges read
and to plead not guilty, and then returned to his duty.  He was never under
arrest or dispossessed of his sword or command.  Gen. Dave Stewart volunteered
to conduct the defense, and after examining the charges and hearing the witnesses
for the prosecution, the whole thing seemed to him so utterly frivolous and ridiculous, that he believed it impossible that any member of the court should entertain
an idea of conviction for a moment; and so left the case in their hands without a
word of defense.  How much he was disappointed and disgusted, will appear from
the following note dated
VICKSBURG, JANUARY 29,1864.
DEAR HARRY:-The d-d fools have found you guilty on the two charges, "disobedience of
orders," and "misconduct before the enemy." Clark says the papers will never see daylight.
Truly,                          D. S.
"Clark" was Maj. Gen. McPherson's Adjutant General, and apparently as much
disgusted as Gen. Stewart. Major Eastman remained in command of his troops all
the time and doing active and efficient duty; and not a word was ever heard of the
proceedings of that court, until November following, and after Major Eastman had
left the service. It transpired then that the sentence pronounced by that court was
"dismissed from  the service with loss of pay."  Meanwhile, Major Eastman had
been promoted to Lieutenant Colonel; had been home in command of the re-enlisted
veterans of his regiment; had returned with them to Vicksburg to find his amiable
adversary cocked and primed with another set of charges. He had been boiling
over with rage and shame for forty days, because it was Major Eastman, and not




184'The American Sketch 0Book.
himself, upon whom Gen. McPherson had conferred the honor of conducting the
veteran regiment home upon their furlough of honor. Major Eastman was again
brought before a Court-martial, at Vicksburg, upon Stephens' second batch of
charges, in June, 1864, They were too numerous to mention, and embraced every
disgraceful thing that any military officer was ever accused of, except cowardice.
But, of the whole array, there was no proof, nor attempt at proof, except as to two
specifications under a charge of "conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline."
All the other charges and specifications were mere fustian and gasconade. These
two specifications grew out of the following state of facts: On the 18th of February,
1864, Gen. McArthur, then in command of the Forces and Defenses at Vicksburg,
(in the temporary absence of Gen. McPherson,) issued to Major Eastman, the follow'
ing order:
Major H. E. EASTMAN,
Commanding at Redbone Church:
You will send an adequate force, of your command, to Thompson's Mill, on Black River;
construct a bridge at that point; drive back the enemy, and protect the navigation of that river.
as far up it as practicable, until further orders from these headquarters.
J. MOARTHUR, Brig. Gen. Corn.
In obedience to that order, Major Eastman sent Major G. N. Richmond, now of
Appleton, a prudent and gallant officer, his second in command at Redbone Church,
with four hundred mounted men and two pieces of artillery to the point indicated
in the order, to duly execute the same. This point is nineteen miles from Redbone
Church. Major Eastman remained at his post with the balance of his command,
receiving daily reports from Major Richmond, but having no occasion to give any
further or other instructions than those contained in Gen. McArthur's order. This
was during Sherman's first expedition against Meridian and Selma; and the troops
having been nearly all withdrawn from Vicksburg, to accompany the expedition, the
post occupied by Major Eastman's command, always an important one, became
doubly so in this interval. Redbone Church was the point of intersection of three
roads leading from so many fords across Black River to Vicksburg. Rebel General
Pinson and Wirt Adams commands of cavalry had made several attempts upon
that post during the winter, and now that the force had been so much weakened
by the detail to Thompson's Mill, it offered a tempting prize to those two enterprising commanders should they get information of its exposure. Hence it was
that Major Eastman never left his post for an instant, but kept sleepless vigilance
during the fortnight's absence of Major Richmond's command. Now, for all such
expeditions as that of Major Richmond's there were standing orders to seize all "C.
S. A." cotton, (that is, cotton which had been turned over to the Confederate Government, by the planters in exchange for bonds, and branded "C. S. A.") and send it
to headquarters. Moreover it turned out to be the prime object of this order of
Genl. McArthur's to open out that rich cotton district in Claiburne County at a time
when he supposed the Rebel forces of that district would be hanging on the flanks
of Sherman's expedition, and off guard as to their local interests, and, not only to
convey away all the "C. S. A." cotton,but to afford to the cotton dealers, under license
at Vicksburg, access to and protection in purchases of private parties. So it was




History of Brown Ocuntv.                           185
the Government teams which accompanied Major Richmond's command were
employed, under direct orders from Gen. McArthur in transporting "C. S. A." cotton from places of concealment in the vicinity of Thompson's Mill, to the banks of
Black River, where it was shipped in Government transports to Vicksburg. It was
alleged that a portion (some three or four bales) of the cotton so conveyed by Government teams, was not "C. S. A." cotton lawfully seized by our troops, but the private property of speculators. And so it was charged by Col. Stephens, in one specifici.tion. that Major Eastman had employed the Government teams of his command in the transportation of property other than that of the Government. The
testimony ol Major Richmond was, that, by accident and without his authority,
there was a small quantity of cotton, (three or four bales) belonging to a purchaser
named Griffin, brought by one of his teams from a plantation in Claibrne County,
to Black River. But that he had had positive orders from Major Eastman not to
allow any such use of his teams, and that he had not allowed it. That it was simply an accident-the driver of the team and the sergeant who commanded the detail
accompanying it, supposing it to be "C. S. A." cotton. But the ridiculous punctillio.
of the Court held Major Eastman responsible for the act, notwithstanding he was
never within a score of miles of its happening; had no part or interest in it, and
had given positive orders against it.
Another specification of that charge grew out of the history of the same expedition, and was as follows: When Major Richmond's command was recalled by
Major Eastman, in obedience to orders from headquarters, it was of a Saturday
afternoon. There was one squadron of Richmond's force, under command of Lieut.
Riley, of Co. C, that day on a scout in the direction of Rocky Springs, which
would bring it nearer to Redbone Church than to Richmond's encampment at
Thompson's Mill. On receiving Major Eastman's order of recall Major Richmond
dispatched a sergeant and five men in pursuit of Lieut. Riley to notify him of the
order, and directed him to report immediately to Redbone by way of Ragan's ford,
a point twenty miles higher up the river. The sergeant's squad found Riley, delivered Richmond's order, and reported back. Richmond reached headquarters at
Redbone, at midnight, with the balance of his command.  But Riley and his
squadron were not heard from till next day at noon, when it appeared, that instead
of making haste to report to Eastman as ordered, he had been persuaded by a Mrs.
Pettitt, a rebel, to protect her teams in getting out of the rebel lines, at Ragan's
ford, a quantity of cotton belonging to her, and which she had been forbidden to
move by rebel guerrillas under threat of its destruction. This occupied Riley and
his troops on the enemey's side of the river till sometime in the morning of Sunday.
And while he was so engaged he was attacked by a rebel force, superior to his own,
and lost five horses, and arms and equipments.  For this act of disobedience of
crders Lieut. Riley was liable to be disgraced. But he was a gallant and valuable
officer, he had never made a mistake before, he really believed himself justified in
affording the lady the required protection; especially so as that was exactly what
Richmond's command was being employed for at Thompson's Mill under orders
from the commanding General. And for these reasons Eastman made no charges



186               Tie American Sket1ch  Book.
against him. He did, however, what he considered a wise and more appropriate
thing. He sent Riley immediately to Vicksburg, to report to Major Genl. Me Pherson, who then had returned from Meridian-all the circumstances of the misadventure; recommended to Gen. Me Pherson that the cotton of Mrs. Pettitt, be seized to
reimburse the government for the loss of the horses, &c. And it was done. The
property was seized by order of Gen. McPherson-about one hundred bales-and
held in the government warehouse until Mrs. Pettitt paid an equivalent for the loss,
about $1,500. Now, Riley himself, was responsible for this loss. He had receipted
to government as commandant of Company C in the absence of Captain Wood for
these horses and arms and equipments, and his account never could be settled without properly accounting for this loss. He must therefore make it good. And so
under Gen. McPherson's directions, the money received from Mrs. Pettitt by the
Quarter Master, was turned over to Riley, with which to replace the lost animals
and arms. That was an end of that. Riley, a valuable officer, barely escaped cashiering. It was Eastman's humanity and General Me Pherson's mercy that saved
him, and the government was without loss. It was only Eastman that suffered.
The charge was against Eastman; that he permitted Riley to receive money from
Mrs. Petitt for the service of his troops, and the above was the proof.  The whole
thing had been done-not by Eastman-but by Major General Me Pherson. But
(leneral Me Pherson could not be present at this trial, nor his Quarter Master, being
then before Atlanta. There was no accessible record of these facts. Nothing to be
shown except the abstract facts that Riley was an officer of Eastman's command;
that he had rendered Mrs. Pettitt a service with his troops; that he had received
money for such service, with the knowledge and approbation of Eastman, and there
was an end of the inquiry. In the absence of Major General Me Pherson, Eastman
was powerless to show that he had nothing whatever to do with the transaction,
except to recommend to General Me Pherson that the loss be repaired in the way it
was, and a good and faithful officer saved blameless. That also was called "conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline," and Eastman alone suffered for it.
He was at length set right, as the sequel will show.
This then was all. For a period of two years and a half, Stephens had camped
on Eastman's trail, lying in wait with the hate and bitterness; and watchfulness of
a relentless foe, for some hold upon his rival, by which he could bring him down to
disgrace. And this, after all his aching  igilance, and deadly animosity, was all he
was able to find. Stephens was Colonel of the regiment, but he had never led it to
field, or any part of it, except upon one occasion, in Arkalnsas, when he made a
scout with four hundred men and suffered sixty-five Texas rangers to hound him into
the Union lines. How well he became his position, and how kindly his efforts to
disgrace Eastman were appreciated, may be inferred from the following significant
fact: Lieut. Col. Eastman was captured by the enemy on the 4th day of July, 1864;
and on the 16th day of the same month, Stephens was summarily dismissed from
the services "for general worthlessness."  The capture of Col. Eastman bad left the
regiment without a head, except a blockhead; and Gen. Dana struck that off by a




Histc,-y of (Brown Ccinty.                                 187
It has b en se3n that the finding of these Courts-mi rtial were not promulgate I
Llntil November, 1864, two months after Col. Eastman had retired from the service,
in consequence of disability.  Then it was shown by the record, only just then
received by the War Department, that the findings upon the specifications by the
courts were guilty.  All the other charges were dismissed as "frivolous and vexatious." The sentences in both cases, were dismissal from the service with loss of
pay. Now there is at Washington, a certain tribunal called the "Bureau of Military Justice." It is, in military jurisdiction, what Supreme Courts and Courts of
Appeal, are in civil and criminal jurisdictions. To that tribunal Col. Eastman, as
soon as practicable, appealed for a review of his case, and for redress, and got both.
The accumulation of business in that court, made justice seem slow.  But finally on
the 6th of January, 1868, that Bureau reported that "the case of Lieut. Col. Eastman, late of the Second Wisconsin Regiment Volunteer Cavalry. is a meritcous
one. The findings of the Courts-martial were not warranted by the proofs, and his
dismissal from the service in either case, was clearly unjust and uncalled for. There
should be a removal of all disabilities resulting from such dismissal, and restoration
o his forfeited pay."
The balance of this history will be best told in like official parlance as follows:
WASHINGTQN, D. C., MAY 22, 1875.
MY DEAR COLONEL:-The enclosed is what you should have had years ago.
"The mills of God grind slowly,
But they grind exceedingly sure."
ENOCH TOTTEN.
The enclosure was as follows:
War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, May 21, 18T5.
Lieut. Col. Harry E. Eastman, late of Second Wisconsin Cavalry,
Sir: —I have respectfully to inform you that the disability from your dismissal by sentence
of Court-martial promulgated in General Orders No. 22, and General Court-martial No. 15,
series of 1864, from Headquarters' Department and Army of the Tennesee has been removed.
I am Sir, Very Respectfully, Your Obedient Servant,
THOMAS M. VINCENT, Asst. Adjt. Gen.
Treasury Department, Second Auditor's Office, August 18, 1876.
Sir:-Your account, the same being in full satisfaction of your claim for pay as Lieutenant
Colonel of the Second Wisconsin Cavalry Volunteers, amounting to $639.08, has been settled
in this office, and confirmed by tbe Second Comptroller. A report of the settlement has been
forwarded to the War Department for requisition on the Treasury. As soon as the requisition
is issued, a draft for the amount will be sent you.    Respectfully,
To Lieut. Col. HARRY E. EASTMAN, GREEN BAY.                  E. B. FRENCH, Auditor.
Treasury of the United States, Washington, September 14, 1876.
Sir:-Herewith I have the honor to transmit draft No. 5176, on War Warrant No. 4259, for
$639.08 payable to the order of                           A. N. WYMAN, Treas. U. S.
HARRY E. EASTMAN, Green Bay.
No. 141,010.                                      United States of America.
Department of the Interior Pension Bureau.
It is hereby certified that in conformity with the laws of the United States, Harry E. Eastman, who was Lieutenant Colonel of the Second Regiment of Wisconsin Volunteers, as




188             17ze A merican  S7etch   Book.
inscribed on the pension list roll of the Milwaukee Agency, at the rate of    dollars per
month, to commence on the 10th day of June, 1875. This pension being for injuries received
in the service.  Given at the Department of the Interior this 21st day of August, 1876.
Countersigned,           CHAS. T. GORHAM, Acting Assistant Sec'y of the Interior.
J. W. BABson, Acting Com. of Pensions.
Truly, Justice is almost always sure, though sometimes, somewhat slow.
Col. Eastman's previous life may be summed up as follows:
He was born in Somersette County, Maine, in 1819, and received an
indifferent education in two sectarian institutions of learning in Sectarian New England, up to the age of eighteen; when being nearly
rained in health, by injudicious cramming, he went South and spent
a year and a half as private tutor; part of the time near Natchez.
Mississippi, and part of the time at Galveston, Texas, in the family of
the American Consul. He read law in the office of Judge William
E nmons, of Hallonell, Maine, during the year 1839. Afterwards for
six months with D. P. Hall, of New York city.  In June, 1840, he
came to Green Bay. Here he finished preparatory law studies in the
office of Hon. M. L. Martin, and was admitted to practice in May,
1841; then entered into patnership with Mr. Martin for three years.
He was appointed District Attorney in 1842, and was married in March,
1843, to Elizabeth M. daughter of the late Judge John P. Arndt.
-(Mrs. Eastman was born on the Island of Mackinac, December 27, 1822,
and came with the family, to Green Bay, in November, 1824; and,
with the exception of a couple of years at school in New Jersey, has
never been absent more than two months in all, during that time.)
Mr. Eastman formed partnership with Hon. T. O. Howe, in 1845, but
abandoned the practice in 1846, and engaged in real estate operations,
by which he accumulated a competence in a few years, to lose it again
ia commercial enterprises and other unlucky adventures.  He was
delegate to the National Whig Convention, at Philadelphia, in 1848,
and chairman of the delegation, which voted every time for Henry
Clay, as the nominee.  He was Deputy County Treasurer in 1849,'50
and'51, and in 1852 and'53 was engaged in the settlement of the
estate of the late John Liw as assignee of the heirs and executors.
In 1854 and'55, he was employed by the Fox and Wisconsin River
Improvement, as Attorney and lobbyist at Washington, to advocate
the enlargement of the grant of lands for that work. Being entirely
successful in that mission, he received as compensation for his services,
the bond of the company for twenty-four thousand five hundred acres




History of  Bro'wn  Coonty.                  189
of selected land, and for one thousand dollars in money. The company afterwards repudiated the contract and escaped its payment, on
the plea that such services were contrary to public policy. Col. Eastman was elected Mayor of the city of Green Bay, in 1856. and reelected in 1857. In 1857, he organized a company for the purchase
of a line of Lake steamboats to run between this port and Buffalo.
Up to that time there had never been  a dollar of carrying stock
owned in town, but we were entirely dependent upon the caprices
and subject to the selfish exactions of foreign owners.
At one time during the war, a Belgian woman who traded at a store
in Fort Howard, complained when asked seventy-five cents for a gallon
of kerosene, that she had paid only forty cents heretofore. "It is
raised on account of the war," explained the merchant. "Ah!"
responded the woman innocently. "Do they fight by lamp light?"
Dr. P. Marchand located at Green Bay in 1865, and was the first
French regular physician who settled in the county. He graduated
at the Burlington, Vermont, University in 1862, and began the prac_
tice of medicine at Troy, New York, soon after.
The Green Bay Gazette was established in 1866, by Col. George C.
Ginty and Dwight 1. Follett. The first number was issued Maich 3d
of that year. In the following September, Col. Ginty purchased the
interest of the latter, and the paper was conducted under his name
until December, 1867, when Wm. B. Tapley, of Racine, purchased a
half interest. In February, 1868, the office, located as it had been
from  the start, in Desnoyer's "Gothic Block," north-west corner of
Washington and Cherry streets, burned out. The entire contents
were destroyed, not even the books being saved. But the energy and
pluck which had carried the new institution over the difficulties that
invariably mark the initial progress of a public journal, was equal to
the emergency. In less than forty-eight hours after the fire, and
before the embers had fairly ceased smoking, an order for an entire new
outfit was being filled in the Milwaukee type-foundry, and in the
shortest time possible the paper was again issued, enlarged from six
columns before the fire to eight columns. The office was then located
in the rear rooms in Weise's block, on Washington street, near corner of Pine. In May of that year D. I. Follett, by purchasing Col.
Ginty's interest, again connected himself with the paper, and it was
published under the name of Tapley & Follett, for the following year
26




190             2h'e Americ;zn  Setch  cook.
and a half. The office was in the meantime moved to the third story
of Klaus Block, foot of Washington street. In November, 1869, the
office moved to Baird's stone building on Pine street, which was conveniently arranged and fitted for the purpose, and where it is still
located. On January 1st, 1870, W. B. Tapley sold his interest to Geo.
E. Hoskinson, and the paper has since continued under the management of Hoskinson & Follett. In 1870, the hand press, which had
served to print the edition, was superseded by a cylinder press. The
same year the title was changed to The State Gazette and a column
added to each page. The following year still another column was
added to the paper, making it ten columns, one of the largest Weeklies in the State.
Shortly before November, 1871, Messrs. Hoskinson & Follett determined to make the experiment of a Daily newspaper, and accordingly on the 6th of that month, issued The Daily State Gazette. The
ii3W venture was looked upon favorably by business men, and it was
soon demonstrated that a Daily newspaper was a necessity and would
be adequately supported. Having been once enlarged the Daily has
been regularly issued to the present time.
The Gazette during its course has upheld the principles of the Republican party, and since 1870, has been regarded as one of the most
prominent political papers in the State. While giving its adherence
to a party it may be said that it has been distinguished for candor and
independence of thought and expression. In its columns it has, as its
name indicates, paid special attention to State politics and State news,
and is ranked as a power in the State press.
The Gazette printing establishment has, beside its editorial and
news composing rooms, a large and complete job department, capable
of printing anything from a small hand bill to a book of any size.
This History of Brown County, printed by this establishment, is a
sufficient proof of the assertion. The job department is ably presided
over by James Kerr, a printer of much ability and long experience.
A Lodge of Odd Fellows known as the Hermann No. 111, was instituted March 7th, 1866, with the following charter members: Louis
Scheller, Robert Graner, Joseph Nick, Charles Jansen, Ernst Straubel and August Straubel. This Lodge was an off shoot of the Green
Bay Lodge.




zistory of  Brown  Cooutzy.                191
At the April election of 1866, the following were voted officials for
the succeeding year. Mayor of Green Bay-C. D. Robinson; Treasurer-Phillip Klaus; Council-A. Guesnier, J. A. Killian, C. L. Wheelock, Charles Henry, J. F. Loy, and P. Parish. President of Fort
Howard village-J. S. Fisk; of De Pere, G. S. Marsh.
In May, M. L. Martin was appointed by the President, Indian Agent
at Green Bay.
Two sad accidents occurred before the close of the month of May.
The boiler of Tooker's shingle mill on East river burst on the 14th,
blowing the mill into fragments, and killing a young man by the
name of Me Kinnon. Some seven or eight others were injured. The
other accident was the drowning of a little son of Rebecca Herrman,
in a well on the burnt district, May 25th. The child's father, George
Herrman. had been drowned about a year previous, at Jefferson City,
Missouri, while on duty in the Fiftieth Regiment. A little later,
Joseph Pauquette and wife, a couple of the earlier residents of Brown
County, died, only a few weeks elapsing between the demise of the
two.
A destructive fire occurred on the 11th of August which consumed
the elevator, dock and adjoining buildings owned by Messrs Pelton &
Beaumont, and leased by Pinto, Benson & Avery.  During the
season, the Nicholson pavement of Washington street was laid. A
little sketch of the laying of the pavement may be of interest. Washington street, Green Bay was, for several years after the granting of a
city charter, in a sad condition. A large portion of the people were
anxious to have a Nicholson pavement put down, but it was strenuously opposed by a majority of the city council. The people were
some surprised, one morning, at finding a pole with a board attached,
in the center of a mudhole at the corner of Washington and Pine
streets, bearing the words, "Bennett's Pond."  Mr. Bennett was one
of the opposers. In 1866, the resolution to build such a pavement
having been carried, the work was commenced. Mr. Guesnier was
street commissioner and Anton Klaus, contractor. They got as far in
the work as the then best business block in the city, when the owners of it, who were opposed thereto, commanded that it should be
stopped, and threatened to serve an injunction, if this was not
instantly done. Messrs. Guesnier and Klaus knowing that such a
step would cause a delay even though it would not prevent the ulti



192.      lae Americca   SkSetc~h Bcok.
mate completion of the pavement, immediately put twelve men and a
couple of plows at work, and in a very short time had the side walk
torn up, and the street plowed. While the plowing was being done
they laughingly asked the angry owners what should be planted there.
The work was continued without farther interruption.
The Congregational Church of De Pere, was organized April 18th,
1866, with F. Holman, Samuel Blake and B. F. Smith, as trustees.
Previous to this time, its members had worshipped with the Presbyterians. The chapel was built in 1868; and rebuilt in 1875. The present pastor is Rev. E. P. Salmon.
During the spring of 1866, the Northwestern Railroad Company put
upon Green Bay, the steamer Saginaw, built on the St. Clair River,
the preceding year. She formed, with the George L. Dunlap, a line
running between Green Bay and Escanaba. Both boats were removed
from the trade in 1872, and taken elsewhere.
During the fall of 1866, Ed. Hicks had been appointed -postmaster
in the place of D. M. Whitney, removed; but for some reason or other,
he did not receive the proper papers, and Mr. Whitney held on the
post office. So the matter rested until the early part of 1867, when
Charles R. Tyler received the proper documents and the post office
was turned over to him.
At the November election the following were the successful candidates: W. J. Abrams, Senator; John B. Eugene, Member of the
Assembly from the First District; Oscar Gray, Superintendent of
Schools.
The Lake Pepin Railroad was chartered this year through the instrumentality of Hon. W. J. Abrams, who put his whole soul in the enterprise, believing it to be for the good of a great portion of the state.
The charter was obtained by a special act of the legislature of Wisconsin, April 12th, 1866; and the company was organized July 7th,
1866, under the name of the Green Bay & Lake Pepin Railway Company. Lake Pepin, a wide portion of the Mississippi River, furnished the company with a part of its corporate name, and Wabasha,
at the foot of Lake Pepin, was the point originally designated as the
terminus of the road on the Mississippi river. The construction of
the road was commenced in 1869, in which year four miles of grading
ras done.




History of  Brown  CountSy.                  193
The writer will now give a brief sketch of the man who was chiefly
instrumental in opening the great western thoroughfare, now known
as the Green Bay & Minnesota Railroad.
W. J. Abrams, now of Green Bay, was born at Cambridge, Washington County, New York, March 19, 1829. He received an academic
education and entered the Theological Preparatory School at Williamstown, but was compelled to leave on account of ill health; after which
he spent several years in travel both in this country and abroad. He
came to Green Bay Wis., in May 1856, to take charge of the railroad
surveys from the Lake Shore to Ontonagan, and in 1861, he became a
permanent resident of said city. Later he succeeded in getting the
Northern Railway of Canada to put on a line of steamers from Green
Bay to Collingwood, and acted as their agent, and he was also connected with the Sarnia and Buffalo lines till1870.
Mr. Abrams was elected to the State Legislature as a Democrat in
1863, and was several times re-elected, serving in the Assembly during
1864, 1865, 1866 and 1867. He then was elected to the State Senate
and served in 1868 and 1869. He immediately came out as a war
Democrat and was the leader of that faction of the party. He
received the complimentary vote of the party for speaker several times,
He supported all the measures introduced for the vigorous prosecution
of the war and voted for the Fouiteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
to the constitution, abolishing slavery and equalizing citizenship, and
according to the papers, made two of the ablest speeches in favor of
their adoption made in either branch of the legislature. He was also
active in authorizing and organizing the Soldiers' Orphans' Home and
was one of the board of Trustees and its Vice President for four years.
In 1870, he withdrew from the propeller lines, and entirely from political life, to take a more active part iii the construction of the Green
Bay & Lake Pepin Railway, now the Green Bay & Minnesota Railroad, which he was chiefly instrumental in organizing, having procured the charter and worked steadily for its advancement. This year
he succeeded in securing, in its interest, Mr. D. M. Kelly, to whom the
community are more particularly indebted for its successful completion. He was one of the first incorporators of the company, and has
remained one of its active directors and officers up to the present time,
in fact being the only member of the company that has remained




194            DTe American  ~Sketch  BooT.
with it during all of its vicissitudes and fortunes. At the present
time, he is Secretary and Auditor of the company.
One thing may be said of Mr. Abrams' political life that can not
be said of every politician: He always worked for the best good of
the state in general, regardless of personal interest or of party whimThe entire press of Wisconsin gave him, during his political life, the
credit of being an honest, earnest, unselfish worker for the good of
the people. May his example be emulated by his successors.
A disaster occurred January 25th, 1867, on the Northwestern railroad near De Pere. The car was thrown from the track by a broken
rail and all of the passengers more or less injured.
The following is the result of the election of 1867; Mayor of Green
Bay, J. S. Marshall; Assessor, Louis Scheller; Justices G. E. T.
Kyber and C. H. Kies; Aldermen, Alex. Guesnier, J. A. Killian, ID
M. Whitney, H. O. Crane, A. Kimball and Charles Henry. President
of Fort Howard, Oscar Gray; Treasurer; J. Tayler; Justices, D. Hunt
and M. Clark. President of De Pere, G. S. Marsh; Treasurer, W. W.
Mathews.
In June. 1867, the Central Baptist church of Green Bay, was
organized by seven members, dismissed by letter from the Fort Howard Baptist church. Their first sermon was preached June 16th, by
Rev. W. Whitcome, of Oshkosh.
Judge S. R. Cotton died February 15th, 1867. He was born at
Newport, R. I., in 1818, and educated to the profession of law. He
came to Green Bay in 1842, and soon became a leading member of
the Brown County Bar. In 1855, he was elected Circuit Judge,
which position he held until 1861, when he resigned. He was an
active member of the Episcopal church at the time of his death.
About this time fifty acres of land known as the Beaumont Plac*
on the southern boundary of the city, were purchased and named the
Woodlawn cemetery.
The Golden Rule Encampment No. 18, I. O. O. F. was instituted,
April 25, 1867, with Werden Reynolds, B. C. Gardiner, C. C. Lovett,
O. B. Graves, J. A. Pinto, X. Martin, M. P. Lindsley, E. C. Keeler
and T. J. Bailey as charter members. The first officers were J. A.
Pinto, C. P.; M. P. Lindsley, H. P; B. C. Gardiner, S. W.; Werdeu
Reynolds, Scribe; C. C. Lovett, J. W.




Hisitory of  Brown  County.                    195
In the fall of 1867, the St. Andrew's Society was established at Fort
Howard, by some thirty Scotchmen for the purpose of aiding and
advising all persoff of that nationality that might come under their
notice.  William  Hood was the first president.  James Ritchie,
Andrew Reid, Robt. Mailer and James Millar, of De Pere, and David
Burns, of Fort Howard, succeeded him in turn. James Millar is president in 1876. The secretary of the society, for the same year is James
Kerr.
A new depot at Fort Howard was completed in the fall.  A little
later, a terrible accident happened at one of the Fort Howard public
schools. A  little girl, only seven years old, named Cora Baker, was
burned to death by her clothes taking fire while standing near the
stove.  And about the same time, an explosion occurred at Lison &
Doty's lumber and shingle mill in the town of Humboldt, at which
time three men were killed and five badly injured.
During the year 1867, a straight cut was made through Grass Island
to facilitate navigation. This island, which is situated in Green Bay
about a mile and a half north of the mouth of Fox River, is a long
narrow sand bar, stretching nearly half across the bay.  The former
channel ran northierly nearly to the island, thence to the eastward;
thence backward on the'north side of the island to nearly opposite
the mouth of the river, making a circuit of some three miles. In
expending the appropriations made by Congress for improvements, it
was decided by the Government to cut a channel through Grass Island
opposite the river's mouth, making a straight sailing line. The work
was accomplished by Mr. Richardson, under the supervison of Capt.
Littlefield. The first boat that passed through the cut was the Queen
City, on September 8th, 1867.
Frank Tilton is accountable for the following, which shows how
adverse to improvements many of the early settlers were:
In 1867, the Fox river, or the basin at the junction of the Fox and East rivers,
washed the foundation of the Beaumont House, including the ground where the
planing mill now stands, and came nearly'up to the skating rink. That year, Mr.
Klaus concluded to make some land by commencing to fill up his water lot property
on Washington street, and incidentally the street itself, with slabs. Strange as it
may seem now, this developed much opposition, although he was doing the work
at his own expense. The Council sued out an injunction restraining him and got men
to haul away the slabs as fast as he brought them. After some trouble and considerable expense, Mr. Klaus got the injunction dissolved and went on with the work.




196              17te American  2S~etch   xcc~.
Mr. Klaus probably did not go to work right in filling up the street without first
asking the consent of the Council, but the measure was so clearly a public benefit
that it did not occur to him that there could be any opposition. The reason given
by one of the aldermen for his objection was that with the end of the street filled up,
cattle could not go down there to drink. But the city has grown since then, and
the three objecting Aldermen would laugh at their own reasoning now. From that
beginning, nearly three blocks of useless, shallow water has since been filled in and
added to the taxable property of the city.
On January, 1st 1868, J. H. Elmore and H. E. Dousman (sons of the
proprietors) were admitted to the firm of Dousman & Elmore.  Their
elevator was built in 1862 at a cost of $80,000. The amount of business done thereat in 1865, was $506,490, and in 1867, $1,174,490.
On February 11th, the fire-fiend again visited Green Bay, destroying Desnoyer's Block, corner of Washington and Cherry streets.
Skeels & Best, dry goods merchants, lost$12,000 worth of goods and
L. M. Marshall lost $20,000 worth. The Gazette printing office, also
in the block, with its entire contents, including subscription and
account books, was at this time consumed, the loss being about $6,000.
The other buildings, destroyed by fire during the year, were the sawmill of Peters & Co., at Little Suamico, May 29th; Jacob Schellenbeck's Tannery on East River-loss $2,500; Desnoyers warehouse
(used by D. M. Kelly & Co., proprietors of a line of Lake and River
steamers, as a freight house, and by Crandall & Kellogg, as a commission house) November 17th; and the shingle mill of Delveaux Bros.,
situated eight miles from  Green  Bay.  The last mentioned fire
occurred October 27th, and one of the brothers was severely injured
thereat; beside a yoke of oxen and one hundred thousand shingles
were consumed.
Margaret Okeewau, an Indian woman living at Bay Settlement, died
February 13th, aged one hundred and twenty-three years. She left
two disconsolate orphan's aged respectively ninety-seven and eightytwo years. She had lived to see her descendants to the fifth generation.
Election results of 1868: Anton Klaus, Mayor of Green Bay; A.
Burkhard, Treasurer; Council; James Flatley, P. Fox, D. M. Whitney, H. O. Crane, Charles Henry and P. Parish.  President of Fort
Howard, O. Gray; Treasurer, J. Tayler.
A word here concerning Mayor Klaus will not be out of place. He
is a native of Prussia, who came to Green Bay, in 1850, without a




History of  Brown  County.                197
dollar in the world. He commenced life here by sawing wood, at fifty
cents per cord. Since then he has been County Treasurer six years
and three times Mayor, and is now one of the substantial men of
Brown County. Moral-you chaps, who are lounging around in idleness, and who have to give your clothes to pay for your washing, go
to sawing wood.
Early in this year, the East River Foundry had been purchased by
John Vigeant, of Canada, who shortly after married a lady from Montreal. Later, he became embarrassed in business, and on May 9th,
1868, committed suicide at the Jacobs House, by shooting himself.
In July of this year, a German paper, called the Staats Zeitung, was
established: Burkard & Schauer, proprietors.
In the middle of the night, July 11th, 1868, a man was put off of a
C. & N. W. R. R. freight train, at the mouth of Ashwabenon Creek
for not paying his fare. The next morning his lifeless body was
found in the creek. Investigation proved him to be John Doyle,
chairman of the board of supervisors of Kaukauna, once a town in
Brown County, but now in Outagamie county. He was a man sixtysix years old, and in consequence of his age, is supposed to have
slipped from the bridge into the water.
Of the buildings erected this year the following are noted: The Irish
Catholic church, and a new school house in the north ward, Fort
Howard; at De Pere a Congregational church, and a new saw mill by
Elias Sorenson; at Green Bay the Jacobs House, opened on the European plan by John B. Jacobs. A large steam flouring mill was also
built in Fort Howard by A. W. & N. C. Foster & G. C. Arnold; while
Green Bay witnessed the completion of the new court house, a fine
building erected at the cost of $40,000. One of the greatest improvements of the year was the building and putting into operation of
the Howard foundry by Whitney & Co.
Two hundred and ninety-eight lots in Astor, belonging to the
estate of John Jacob Astor, were sold at auction in the spring of
1868, at an average price of sixty-six dollars each.
Rt. Rev. Joseph Melcher, first Catholic Bishop of Green Bay, in 1868
conceived the idea ol establishing an academy at the aforenamed city,
and invited four Lay Sisters to his diocese where he had a home prepared for them. Their community was organized on August 20th,
and Rev. Mother Mary Ann Mayer from the Ursuline Convent in
27




198            Tle American  S,7'etk,   oo,.
Landsput, Bavaria, was chosen Superior. The academy was opened
on the 15th of October. Two years later, the increase of pupils having demanded its enlargement, an addition was added to the building.
It is a pleasantly situated and popular school at the time of writing.
Hon. Francis Desnoyer died August 13th. He had at different
periods held the offices of Member of the Territorial Council, President
of Fort Howard and Mayor of Green Bay.
At the November election, J. S, Curtis was chosen Member of the
Assembly from the first district, and D. C. Ayres from the second; J.
B. A. Masse, Clerk of the Court; O. J. Brice, Sheriff; Xavier Martin,
Register of Deeds; O. B. Graves, District Attorney; A. Klaus, Treasurer; J. B. Eugene, Clerk of the Board, and S. E. Baldwin, Surveyorall for the ensuing term.
On or about December 7th, of this year, Sheriff G. N. Langton
received a telegram from Marquette, to arrest one Nehill, charged
with burglary. The sheriff found the man at the Beaumont House,
and arrested him. At the first opportunity, the burglar attempted to
run away, whereupon Langton fired at him. He returned the fire and
Langton fired again. This time the burglar fell, mortally wounded.
In his satchel, which Langton had previously taken from him, were
found numerous instruments for burglarious purposes. At a meeting of
the citizens, called to ascertain the public sentiment in regard to the
matter, a resolution was presented by Hon. John C. Neville, approving the act. It was passed unanimously.
On the third day of December, the "Holy Catholic See" established the Diocese of Green Bay, just two hundred years from the
time that Allouez said his first Mass at De Pere.
John P. Dousman, Collector of Customs, at the Port of Green Bay
in 1868, gives the following number of arrivals of vessels for that
year: Steamers, three hundred and eighty-four; sail vessels, two hundred and thirty-nine; propellers, eighty-one.
The first event of 1869, worthy of mention, was the death of Gen.
Jonathan Wheelock, which occurred on the 12th of January, whereby
Green Bay lost an old and valued citizen. Mr. Wheelock was born
in Barnard, Windsor County, Vt., in 1790. He became a settler of
Brown County in 1833. He opened the Washington House soon after
his arrival, and later built the Navarino House, afterward known as
the United States Hotel, which stood upon the site of the Jacobs




Zitstory of  Brown   County.                 199
House building. He was several times unanimously elected President
of the Borough of Green Bay. His title was received from the Governor. His remains were buried with Masonic honors. Gen. Wheelock was the father-in-law of Col. William Chapman, another old resident of this county.
The events of the early part of this year were briefly as follows:
The construction of the Green Bay, Shawano and Ft. Wilkin's Military road commenced in January. February 14th, the Moravian
church at Fort Howard was dedicated. The same month the contract
for building the East River bridge at the foot of Mason street was let
to C. W. Williams, and W. H. Nye & Co., of De Pere, made arrangements to change the Flax Factory into a woolen mill. J. S. Stetson's
mill in Glenmore was burned, March 28th. Loss $12,000.
Soon after the bridge was built across East River, at the foot of
Main Street, a worthless scamp by the name of Gleason, buried his
wife one Saturday morning and married another the same evening.
Some of the boys of the village thought it their duty to admonish
the uxorious rascal that such indiscreet haste in wife taking did not
comport with their ideas of propriety. They prepared him, therefore,
a suitable coat of tar and feathers and disturbed his nuptial dreaming
by a peremptory command to come forth and take on his wedding
vesture and take a ride on a rail. They rode him up and down Washington street and up and down Main street to the new bridge, and
over the bridge on a run, and then and there dismissed him with a
warning never to recross that structure. Heedless of the consequences
however, he did return and next day was seen consulting with a lawyer
with a view, it was suspected, of prosecuting his persecutors. One of
the party quickly conceived a way of heading him off. There was no
law against a man's marrying another wife as soon as the former
incumbent was under the sod, but there was a village ordinance fixing
a five dollar fine for riding across that bridge faster than a walk, and
that they were prepared to prove against him. and in default of paymnent of such fine he could be committed to the county jail. A warrant was therefore sworn out of a Justices Court and the officer sent
in pursuit of the victim. But some friendly citizen warned him of
what was going on and advised him to escape while he might.' And
he actually did, and has never returned.




200            lne A mericazn  Sketoh  Boo.
The April election resulted as follows; Mayor of Green Bay, Anton
Klaus; Aldermen, C. Berner, James Flatley, Paul Fox, H. O. Crane,
Charles Henry and P. Parish; Treasurer, A. Burkard; President of
Fort Howard, O. Gray; Treasurer, J. A. Salscheider. County Judge,
D. Agry.
On April 5th, the Green Bay Iron Company was organized. Of a
meeting held at that time, John C. Neville was appointed chairman
and J. J. Williams secretary. The first board of managers then
elected were Phillip I. Earle, President; Anton Klaus, Albert Weise,
R. C. Evans and Mitchell Resch. Arrangements were made for
the building of the Green Bay Blast Furnace. Hon. John C. Neville
was appointed attorney.
Early in the same month, Green Bay was visited by a large fire,
which consumed Mrs. Desnoyer's three story brick building on Washington street. The following were losers thereby: B. Follett, bookstore; First National Bank; W. H. Norris, law office; A. NW. Kimball,
Revenue Collector; V. B. Bromley, law office; M. L. Martin, law office
and library; Dr. A. Munroe; J. Crandall, furniture stored. Wm.
Horn aid Louis Neese, who roomed in the building, lost their clothing. Mrs. Desnoyer immediately rebuilt the block.
This spring witnessed the completion and opening of the First
National Hotel, of Green Bay, built, furnished and opened by R. P.
Harriman at a cost of $52,000. A  complimentary banquet was
given at the opening. The Green Bay Silver Band made th3 music
upon the occasion, and T. R. Hudd delivered an appropriate address.
This hotel, after numerous changes, now is conducted (in good style)
by L. M. Harriman, son of the owner, assisted by his mother, Mrs. R.
P. Harriman. L. M. Harriman is the gentlemanly clerk of the
establishment.
Upon June 5th, the community was called to mourn the loss of
Dominicus Jordan, the President of De Pere.  Mr. Jordan  was
seventy-two years old. He was a native of Maine and at one time
Senator of that State. Upon settling in Brown County he proved
himself a very active, enterprising man, and was in fact, one of the
fathers of De Pere. His business and enterprising spirit are however
well represented at the present day by his son-in-law, B. F. Smith.
Mr. Jordan's place in the village board, was supplied for the remainder of the unexpired term by J. W. Childs.




Eiistory  of  Brown  Gontvs41.                 2()1
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Fort Howard was dedicated
June 13th.
During the season, the consolidation of the Shawano and MZilwaukee railroad and the Green Bay and Lake Pepin railroad took place,
and a new company was formed of which David Me Cartney was
President, and Anton Klaus Vice President.  The directors were D.
Me Cartnay, A. Klaus, E. Decker, E. D. Clinton, C. D. Robinson, J
Whitney, W. J. Abrams, George R. Cooke, W. J. Fisk, L. J. Day and
J. S. Featherly. Work on the road commenced July  2Sth, 1869.
The occasion was observed as a gala day.  The officials and citizens
congregated at Fort Howard to make the grand commencement.  A.
JTF'lS;ir NAPrTIONAAI  -IOT SJ I.
Taylor brJaguht a couple of spades and wheelbarrows in his wagon to
tle field of action. and claimed th:at he ran the first construction
train.  On his arrival he presentel the s)pades, one to Mta or Klatus and
the other to President Gray, who stripped off their coats, filled a
wheelbarrow with earth and emptied the contents on the road bed.
Then -D.  eTc Cartney aind Oscatr Gray filled one of the wheielbarrows
and Anton Klaus the other, and when;these were again emptied, Hon.
T. R. Hudd inade a pleasant address, followed by remarks from  Hon.
John C. Neville, Judge E. H. Ellis, and Messrs. 1). Me Cartney and
Oscar Gray. The houses in close proximity were decoraited for the
occasion. One place of business bore, "Green Bay and Lake Pippin
Store;" another, "Green Bay and Lake Pippin Salloon."




202            The American  Sketoch  Book.
Later in the year, Dousman & Elmore's elevator passed into the
hands of Elmore & Kelly, the firm consisting of A. E. Elmore, J. H.
Elmore and D. M. Kelly.
On October 24th the Flax Factory, at De Pere, was burned. Loss
$30,000.
The East River Stove Foundry was established during the summer,
by Woodworth & Felix, from the remains of the East River Foundry,
whose former owner came to so sad an end. Later, this foundry underwent several changes in proprietorship, and it is again known as the
East River Foundry. It is owned and operated by Robt. Silber, President of the Green Bay Savings Bank. A. Delforge superintends the
institution in the absence of the proprietor.
The fall election sent Edward Hicks, and Michael Dockery, of Holland, to Madison as Assemblymen. This fall, the county voted down
the G. B. & Lake Pepin railroad bonds and the company who had
graded five miles of the road, previous to the action of the county,
suspended work for a season.
The schooner Excelsior, Captain W. R. Bouton master, of Green
Bay, carrying a cargo for Lewis Day & Co., was lost on the lake in
November 1869. The crew was saved by embarking in a yawl, and
rowing for twelve hours through the darkness and ice. The Excelsior was built by Capton Bouton about 1865.
Of the other casualties this year the following are noted: Sometime in the summer, Mrs. Mary Loftus, wife of P. Loftus, of Green
Bay, was burned to death while attempting to light a fire with kerosene. The steamer Morning Star, while passing through the draw of
the bridge at Wrightstown, on September 3rd, knocked down some
timbers which struck the bridge-tender, Thomas Castello, killing him
instantly.
The Fort Howard Methodist Church was a brainch of the Methodist
Church of Green Bay, and was organized in 1869, with Rev, W. J.
Olmstead as pastor. The place of worship at that time was Blesch's
Hall. The church building was commenced in 1870, and was used
over a year before it was finished or dedicated. The dedication took
place May 26, 1872, and the dedicatory sermons were delivered by
Rev. A. C. Manwell and Rev. W. W. Case. The society commenced
with thirty-three regular meumbers and three probationers, all transferred from the Green Bay church. Sixteen of these are still mem



Itito'y of   r7'own  CO:0nty.                  203
bers. The first board of trustees was composed of the following gentlemen: E. Crocker, R. Henderson, M. F. Kaimbach, L. T. Jenkins,
and Frank Marshall.  The first sabbath school superintendent was
Robert Henderson.  The church at the time of writing has a membership of one hundred and fifty-two persons, under the charge of
Rev. T. F. Allen. The sabbath school is under the superintendence
of J. H. Erwin. It has one hundred members and fifteen teachers.
There are two Catholic churches in East De Pere, known respectively
as the Holland and Irish.  The former was erected in 1869 by Father
Verboort. It is a large finely finished brick building, the most costly
church in De Pere.  The altar is ma4e of Italian marble, and the
church is furnished with a large pipe organ. It has seats for over
eight hundred people. Attached to the church is a brick school house
and a parsonage, the whole property occupying an entire block. This
church has a membership of over three hundred families over whom
the genial Rev. W. Takken* presides as pastor.
There are three societies connected with the Holland Catholic
church. The Altar society, composed of two hundred ladies; The
Holy Family and the Pius Benevolent society.  Of the last John
Smith is president.
Near the close of the year, the tidings of the death of Col. William Whistler, reached Green Bay. It will be remembered that Col.
Whistler was for many years stationed at Fort Howard, and was considered by the people, as almost belonging to this locality. He died
at Cincinnati, December 4th, 1869, at an advanced age. He was a
native of Maryland, but was appointed to the army from the Northwest Territory June 8th, 1801. He retired from service October 9th,
1861, having been in the United States army over sixty years. At
that time, he was Colonel of the Fourth Infantry.
*Since this work has been in press Father. Takken has been transferred to Hollandtown.
He went with the deep regrets of the people of De Pere and was received with demonstrations of regard by his new flock.




201  T7ze A nJrz,.rzn  Sk7etch  Book.
CHAPTER  IX.
THE DE PERES AND THEIR M.A-NUFACTORIES.-MANUFACTORIES OF FORT
HOWARD. -GREAT FIRES OF OCTOBER 1871.-EVENTS OF GENERAL
HISTORY FROM 1870 TO 1876.
WE will now turn our attention to the growth of the manufacturing
interests at De Pere; where the greater portion of the manufactories
of Brown County are situated. Many of the earlier institutions of
this kind proved failures, owing to the undeveloped resources of the
country and the lack of facilities for easy transportation. It is with
those now in existence that the writer will particularly deal.
Situated on the bridge at East De Pere, is the flouring mill of J. S.
Dunham & Co. This mill was erected in 1843, by Joel S. Fisk. The
present proprietors repaired and began running it in 1867, and later
almost entirely rebuilt it. It has three run of stones and a capacity
of fifty barrels of flour per day. Five hands are employed. The
flour made is of a superior quality.
Capt. Elias Sorenson, a well known ship builder of the present day,
had a ship yard at De Pere as early as 1855, at which time he built
the sloop Traveler. Since, he has built some twenty-four steamers
and vessels. The steamers Elwood Loy, Mary Reid and Katie Reid,
were among the number.
Though West De Pere was platted many years before, its real
growth did not commence until the advent of the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad. Squire & Sabin built a mill there in 1855, and the
same year James Peck started a store near by. After the railroad had
been completed to that point, manufactories of various kinds began to
be established, which since have so flourished and increased that at
present, West De Pere is the great manufacturing point of Brown
County.
The saw mill at the west end of the dam, built in 1855, by Squire &
Sabin, was in 1860, sold to James Ritchie, the present proprietor,
who enlarged it and put in machinery capable of cutting twenty
millions of shingles and three millions of feet of lumber if operated




History of (Brown  Coznty.                   205
night and day. Among his other improvements is a dock fifteen hundred feet long for piling and shipping lumber.
The saw mill and Agricultural Implement Manufactory of John S.
Monroe, was built by W. 0. Kingsley in 1856. It is situated at the
bridge on the east side of the river. Its machinery consists of one muley,
one large circular and three small circular saws, lath, shingle and jig
saws, edger, planer etc. Its full capacity is three million feet per
year. At present, it employs but five hands: S. B. Cornish, E. Paddock, Charles Vincent, J. B. Lawrence and one other.
The stone flouring mill situated near the lock at East Depere was
erected by Randall Wilcox and Eugene Wager in the year 1858; but
after a few years the entire ownership passed into the hands of Mr.
Wilcox. At the time immediately following its erection, it was
employed principally as a grist mill, farmers coming forty and fifty
miles to have their wheat ground there; but for the last five or six
years it has been used only for merchant work. The present proprietors are E. A. Tyler of Green Bay and Ed. W. Arndt of De Pere, the firm
name being Tyler & Arndt.
The mill is a solid stone structure, founded on bed-rock. The
material used in building was quarried from the spot where the mill
stands. The power is furnished by five water wheels, and four run of
stones are kept constantly employed. The mill has an enviable reputation for its superior make of flour.
The Stave Factory now operated by Marsh & Murray was built in
1863 by Bliss & Seldon. They run it for a time with H. O. Kelsey as
superintendent, then sold to the Chicago Barrel Company. This
Company kept it in possession, renting it a portion of the time until
1872, when G. S. Marsh purchased it, and entered into a cQ-partnership with Michael Murray for the purpose of manufacturing barrel
staves and barrel heads. Mr. Murray is the superintendent of the
works. The factory employs about twenty hands and cuts up about
two million feet of logs yearly.
The new Stave and Barrel Factory of H. Collette is situated near
Marsh & Murray's factory. Mr. Collette leased and operated the last
named factory from the Chicago Barrel Company for some four years
previous to its sale to the present owner; and at the time of the
change of ownership built the large new factory which he now operates.  The  mill has a capacity of seventy-five horse power and
28




206            fhe American  S~ketch  Bcck.
employs from thirty toforty hands. It manufactures barrels and lumber for Green Bay, Sturgeon Bay, Oshkosh, Fond du Lac and other
markets.
Another institution of the West Side is the Sash, Door and Blind
Factory belonging to James Robb. This factory was built in 1860
by the De Pere Company.
In 1865, Mr. E. E. Bolles conceived the idea of establishing a factory for the purpose of manufacturing fish-packages, especially fishkits. He formed a partnership with F. Holman, who prior to this
was foreman of the Menasha Wooden Ware Factory, the firm name
being E. E. Bolles & Co. They commenced operations in a building,
on the bridge, owned by J. G. Lawton, using sufficient water power
for their purpose. Here they put up the necessary machinery, and
soon after were in the market with their ware. Being practical
mechanics and thorough men, their goods were received with favor,
and they very soon acquired a reputation that enabled them to dispose
of all which they could make.
Mr. Holman, after a few years, became interested in a pine land
speculation, and withdrew his interest to engage more largely in
locating such lands. Mr. Bolles continued business at the same
place, until the building of the Wisconsin Central Railroad, which so
interfered with his yard-room, that he was compelled to build his
present establishment. In 1872, he laid the foundations for these
extensive works, which occupy about ten acres of ground, having a
side track from the C. & N. W. R. R., leading to the large ware house.
The main factory building is three stories high and one hundred and
twenty-five feet long. In this are employed about one hundred and
twenty-five men and boys, who are engaged at the saws, matchers and
other machinery, all of which is run by steam, at a rate of speed that
induces visitors to hold on to something solid as they pass through
the different rooms. The whole number of men employed is above
one hundred and fifty, many of whom are in the yards, and in the
other buildings. From thirty to forty coopers are required to hoop
the packages which are turned out daily, and which, in round numbers, are three thousand. It seems incredible that so large an amount
can be made and the standard of quality so well maintained. The
timber used is pine and ash, brought to the mills by the cord. The




History of  Brown  0zznt-y.                  207
proper treatment of the pine used is very essential in order that it may
retain as much as possible of its resinous substance.
Within the last year, a branch has been added to the manufactory,
which gives employment to a large number of coopers in setting up
half and quarter barrels used in picking fish. The eompany has
recently engaged to make a large quantity of packages, to be used by
the Milwaukee Iron Company for packing horse shoe bolts, etc.
EE.. Bolles Wooden Ware Company have their own cars, which
are built expressly for them. These are several feet longer than the
ordinary box cars and are handsomely lettered. The owning of these
cars reduces the price of transportation, and gives the company an
advantage over competitors, as well as enables them to reach markets,
where otherwise they could not possibly sell without a loss.
This enterprise is one of great importance to West De Pere. and
Mr. Bolles, its founder, is entitled to all the success that he has earned
for himself, besides the esteem and gratitude of all who are benefited
by the labor that he employs.
The E. E. Bolles Wooden Ware Company is represented by E. E.
Bolles, President; R. A. Meiswinkel, Vice President; and C. A. Willard, Secretary.
In connection with E. E. Bolles & Co's Wooden Ware Factory is a
Clothes Pin Factory, operated by C. and J. R. Shepard.
Thomas Jackson, an old resident of De Pere, started a blacksmith
shop on the West side in 1867. Five years later, he enlarged his business and established a foundry and machine shop which is run by
steam and employs twelve hands. Plow-making is a specialty, some
three hundred plows being manufactured every year.
We now arrive at an epoch in the history of the De Peres, which
viewed in a. commercial light, has  been the very backbone of their
prosperity, and also the surrounding country, viz: the establishment
of, and successful operating of blast furnaces, for the reduction of
iron ores and conversion into merchantable product, called Pig Iron.
In the spring of 1868, the firm of Blanchard & Arnold, of Milwaukee,
seeing the many advantages grouped together at this point for the
manufacture of charcoal iron, such as the short distance to the extensive iron deposits of Lake Superior, and facilities for transportation
of the same as well as the product, and also the large area of timber
lands for the production of charcoal, decided upon making the ven



208           7Te American  Sketch (Book.
ture, which culminated in the purchase by them of a part of the
property owned by the then, New York & De Pere Iron Company.
This company had some years previous acquired the property, and
commenced the building of a furnace; but made a failure of it after
spending a large amount of money. The works were abandoned, the
property sold out at a forced sale, and the affairs of the company
closed up. Upon this ground and their blunders, the present Fox
River Iron Company, during the summer and autumn of 1868, built
the first furnace in Brown County, and put it into blast the following
February. This may truly be said to have been the turning point in
the prosperity of the villages. Previous to this the business and
industries had dwindled to small importance, and the villages, especially West De Pere, were maintaining but a sickly existence. It
formed a nucleus, and opened the way for other enterprises of the
same character which soon followed, and still others of different
classes centered in and around them. Population increased from one
thousand five hundred to five thousand in the short space of five years.
Property doubled and trebled in value, and in the same time the
benefits accruing to the villages and the country adjoining can readily
be seen and estimated when it is known that each furnace, when in
active operation, gives employment to at least one hundred and fifty
men and fifty horses, and consumes yearly from ten thousand to
fifteen thousand cords of-wood. These multiplied by four make a
home market alone of no small importance to the agricultural interest surrounding it.
The firm of Blanchard & Arnold were the sole proprietors until
1872, when they merged into a Stock Company, incorporated under
a special act of Legislature in 1870, and during the season of 1872,
built and put into blast the second furnace. The organization consisting of D. W. Blanchard, President; S. D. Arnold, Vice President
and manager; Chas. H. Lovelace, Supt. and'D. D. Kellogg, Secy.
The National Iron Company organized in 1869, and built an extensive furnace at East De Pere. Its annual capacity is twelve thousand
tons of charcoal pig iron. Its capital is $200,000. The officers are
A. B. Meeker, of Chicago, President; W. L. Brown, of the same
place, Treasurer, and M. R. Hunt, of De Pere, Secretary. The
National Iron Company have a supply store of general merchandise
on Broadway.




Hzisory qt Brown  County.                    209
West De Pere was incorporated as a village, in March, 1870. Its
first officers were Andrew Reid, President; James Ritchie, Supervisor;
Charles Lovelace, Thomas Jackson, T. Whitesides, Paul Tillman and
Henry Collette, Trustees; T. L. Decker, Treasurer; Geo. Welsh and
James Millar, Assessors; Louis Scheuring and S. E. Baldwin, Justices.
What are now known as the West De Pere Agricultural Works
were built in 1871, by the De Pere Iron Works Stock Association for
a Car Factory, and were sold under the bankrupt law in the fall of
1875. Messrs. Blanchard & Arnold bid in the real estate, and the
stationary machinery. On the 8th of November, of the same year.
they formd a stock association under the name of the West De Pere
Agricultural Works Company, of which the following gentlemen
were elected officers: President, D. W. Blanchard; Vice President, S.
1). Arnold; Secretary, D. D. Kellogg; Superintendent, W. Workman.
They do a general foundry and machine business in Agricultural
Implements.  Their standard machines are the Workman Seeder,
Appleby Reaper and Crusader Thresher. The Workman  Se6der
has all the points that a good seeder requires. It will sow all kinds of
grain, grass and flax seeds, and for lightness of draft, durability and
perfect work is perhaps unrivaled. It has been in use since 1861.
The Appleby Reaper has been tested in all conditions. It has a controllable rake, and is light and durable. The Crusader Thresher is
comparatively a new machine in this part of the country. It is the
invention of Mr. A. Mc Naught and was originally built at Alba,
Penn. It has been in successful operation  in  Pennsylvania  and
Ohio, since 1867. It is a machine of but few parts and not more
than quarter of the wheels and pulleys that are used on most other
machines. They claim that for durability and simplicity of construction, lightness of draft and separating capacity, it has no equals in
market.
They also make a specialty of building horse power (two to ten
horse power) circular and drag saws for cutting cord wood, etc. These
works are extensive and centrally located, with railroad side track
and boating facilties for shipping at the very doors  The annual
capacity of business is $500,000.
A Sash, Door and Blind Factory was built on the West side in 1874
by Andrew Reid. It is two stories in height, made entirely of brick
and iron, sixty by one hundred and twenty feet upon the ground. It




210             The American  Sketchz  Booi.
has several necessary out-buildings in the immediate vicinity, all built
entirely of iron and brick, one of which is an office and store house
thirty-two by seventy-two feet. The machinery throughout is new.
Upon its completion, it passed into the hands of E. W. Persons, who is
operating it at the present time. The works are capable of employing forty or fifty men. Charles E. Chamberlin is the foreman of the
factory.
A. R. Hammond, who has had a residence of twenty-six years in
this section of the country, owns and runs a saw mill, situated on the
east side at the bridge, and which was built by Mr. Marsh. The capacity of the mill is three million feet, and sixteen hands are employed
in the work.
De Pere has among its population a large proportion of,Hollanders, and they are mostly Catholics. Of a few of the older Holland
residents it is proper to make mention here. The Coenen family emigrated to this place in 1848. M. Martins with five sons and a daughter, Mrs. A. M. Regnen, settled in the vicinity of De Pere about 1850.
Mr. Martins is eighty-one years old and still vigorous and healthy.
John Smith, a live insurance agent, also settled there years ago. He
had served in the royal army of the King of the Netherlands, but on
coming to De Pere, commenced business as a brick-layer. He worked
at this until he had made himself acquainted with the English language, when he was enabled to pursue a different calling. He now has
a prominent Insurance Agency, is Notary Public and land agent, and
has most of the German business in his line.
Just outside of De Pere, in the borders of the Town of Allouez, is
a large Hub and Spoke Factory, established by Irvine Ballard, but now
the property of the Webster & Lawson Manufacturing Company.
Capt. E. C. Clark is the Superintendent of the establishment.
Next to De Pere, in point of manufactories, stand Fort Howard.
Much credit is due to the different proprietors for their energy and
perseverance in surmounting the difficulties which came in their way
in the establishment of the same. The pioneer of this industry was
Jonathan Whitney, a native of Connecticut, and a machinest by trade,
who settled at Fort Howard, at an early day. He built a work.shop
upon the present site of the Howard Machine Shop, where he carried
on the business of foundry and machine work for several years. He
then removed to Green Bay, and built the East River Foundry.




If-istor- otf f2'7o0W;a  Ojrt7y.             211.
The foundry and machine shop, at Fort Howard, passed into the
hands of Otto Tank, who carried on the business there under more
favorable circumstances than his predecessor had done. After Mr.'Tank's death, Mrs. Tank sold the property to the original owner, who
at once began enlarging the premises and adding new and improved
machinery. Here, he carried on a prosperous business until weary of
the incessant toil, he concluded to sell the establishment.  The purchasers were Messrs. Taylor & Duncan, who have still farther perfected the institution and who have been doing an extensive and
flourishing business ever since.
-I............. -_             The firm  of Schwarz &
=-..............___   Co. was established in the
=__  =__ -____.; _T? spring of 1866, by Chris~______       _an_ _ea tian  Schwarz, Theodore
___l___=____._  Kemnitz and John Voigt,
|~__ _ ___ ____ p  LAthree Ienterprising _er---- -fi~~mans, who have built up a
M laige business in general
"''2'1.:!*el ~''jRi[       builcding, and in manufac-,I.!!':,,,,,                     turing sash, door, blind,
and all kinds of store, bank
____:~:~   ____        ~.  and office fixtures, and all
___~           _____- kinds  of turned   work.
_ —    They  also  manufacture
and deal in all kinds of
building lumber, including flooring, siding, moulding, &c. Their
factory is run with  a forty horse power steam  engine, and they
have all the latest improvements in machinery in use in their business. They  employ from  thirty  to fifty  men and their annual
amount of business is from fifty to seventy-five thousand dollars.
Mr. Schwarz commenced business in Fort Howard with the limited
capital of a jack-knife and a hand-saw.
The organization, known as the Monitor Iron Works Company, was
perfected August 13th, 1868, with Andrew  Whitney as President.
Since that time the management has undergone many changes. The
-works are at present operated by David M. Burns, familiarly known in
this section, in connection with the Monitor Boiler Works. The




212            The American 07Setc7zh  Book.
institution taken all together is as large and complete as any manrfactory of the kind, north or west of Chicago.
The manufacture of Sewing lMchines is a new branch of industry
at Fort Howard. The kind manufactured is known as the Appleton,
and the inventor is Mr. J. S. Fletcher, a man who had been employed
tnany years in operating machines at Milwaukee, and who, finding
most machines so liable to get out of order, became convinced that
the public needed one with a less number of parts. By a new kind
of take-up, or thread controller, he was enabled to leave out the cani,
the weak part in cam machines, and by reversing the shuttle was
enabled to do away with the separate machinery for drawing the shuttle and feed, one shaft doing for both purposes.
In the early part of the year 18T5, a machine was constructed which
was exhibited with marked success before the Appleton Chamber of
Commerce. The trial so fully satisfied the business men of that city
of its worth, that a stock company was immediately formed for its
manufacture, and a fund raised to pay the expenses of perfecting and
patenting it. But the rejection of the case, by the commissioner of
patents, disheartened the Appleton Company. The faith of the inventor, however, remained unshaken. He made a new model with many
improvements and in many respects superior to the first, on which a
patent was granted, February 8th, 1876. Subsequently, the original
application was allowed, so that now the machine has two patents.
During the summer of 1875, Mr. A. W. Dunne, a man of extensive
acquaintance with sewing machines, saw the Appleton machine, and
was so pleased with it that he associated himself with Mr. Fletcher to
manufacture the same. In March,. 1876, a few enterprising citizens
of Green Bay and Fort Howard, wishing to have the manufactory
established at this point, offered room and power free to Messrs.
Fletcher & Dunne, who accepted the liberal offer. The factory is
located next door to the Monitor Iron Works.
The Howard Agricultural Works were established 1876 by H. F.
Spencer, who formerly was proprietor of a steam fitting establishment
in Green Bay, and who changed his business on account of the prospective loss of the pine timber.
We now return to the general events of 1870. A bridge, across
East River at the foot of Monroe street, was built this year. In
April, the Milwaukee & Northern Railroad was surveyed. The fol







Froni Photograph take exc'pressly for this work, in July, 1870, by T. D). Bow-ring ot De Prero
lparlial "View- of Eas~t 1.e'jPere  shiow  ing  latiorial  Iron   F'ui nace.




--;c-. —..-5-..r- ________:::-;f__ —.L I_;l--_:_.-i;i ——  C -. —-- — ~ —- — ~- L-i-".' — — -w. —-.
__-;=11_*- "T-:'=. —:-: —-—: —=' -
___ _______
I ——  —-,_, -I —' ---
~.T_=-L1- ~ — ~.--111, ~
= —= _Ji
1.
-— c=-.-=I
= —-_I r
-3L
J5
rl —------ "

---
--— -I — =-L —=;T;-.:.: —-— r_~ —=-= —-; — ^I  — —--
ig;Fjcl
a~"-"""~.i',i~~~-~ —
rll
--— ~11 —--- --
~
)i~ -— =
------.-I-I.-
3 —— c-
E —i —r-L`3C--7-=-=;1L —-T= —-C ~.I~; _____~iB
sS.~P ~=,'=
===-=--                 —II-'
rcrm I']loto~Lr~:l,h t;tken expreslp fcr thir; wor)i, in.Tnl!~. IRi'ii, by'l`. D. Ro\yrinr: ctf I)e I-'cri!
Prtx~Ci:tl View of VVest De Pcr ii~orn S;rttioral Ir~oP* ri'llrntse, showinlr lu-u Eiivsr Iron E`lrmaoei








History of (Brown  Coount.                 217
lowing were the officials of Green Bay and Fort Howard. MayorAnton Klaus; Council-H. 0. Crane, J. R. Morris, P. Parish, Charles
Berner, M. Resch, J. Whitney, Arthur Jacobi, C. Pfotenhauer and
H. Rahr; Supervisors-F. S. Ellis, W. C. E. Thomas and C, Woelz.
President of Fort Howard, Oscar Gray. This spring the county voted
a second time on the matter of the G. B. & L. P. Railroad bonds.
The proposition was carried by six hundred majority. The work on the
road was immediately re-commenced. A new Lutheran church at De
Pere was dedicated June 26th. On June 9th an accident happened in
the town of Howard which resulted in the death of one of its most
respected citizens, John Ruel. The frame of a barn, which he was
raising, fell, crushing him beneath it.
We have also to record this year the death of Mrs. Martha L. Stoddard, who departed this life July 4th, aged seventy-nine years. Mrs.
Stoddard was formerly Mrs. John Camm, and became a settler ol
Brown County about the year 1827. It will be remembered that Mr.
Camm died during the Black Hawk war. His widow was marriedf at
Detroit in 1835 to Thomas Stoddard, also a military man, who died
while engaged in the Florida war. Four of Mrs. Stoddard's children
are residents of Fort Howard, viz., James Camm, Thomas M. Camm,
Mrs. Moses Allard and Mrs. Cassie Dunlap.
The Fourth of July was celebrated this year at Green Bay. E. F.
Parker of De Pere read the Declaration of Independence, and J. S.
Curtis delivered the oration. During the summer, Mr. Resch built a
large new block, at the time the handsomest in the city. September
1st, Mrs. M. P. Lindsley gave a baby party. There were eighteen
babies present, and the beverage upon that occasion is said to have
been catnip tea. A murder occurred at Duck Creek this fall. Theodore St. Onge, while drunk, killed Michael La Riviere in a saloon.
The census taken about that time shows Green Bay to have had a
population of 4,666 and Fort Howard 2,463. The total population of
Brown County'was 25,180. The Green Bay Iron Furnace was completed and went into operation on Sept. 22nd. The engines and other
machinery were furnished by the foundry of Taylor & Duncan, Fort
Howard. The cost of the furnace was $50,000.
A great excitement occurred in De Pere during the summer of 1870.
An Irishman named Frank Me Shane, an inebriate, was drowned in
the canal. He was without friends or money, and a question arose
30




218           LThe American  S7ketcAh  Book.
regarding how and where the remains were to be buried. The Catholics would not admit the body to their cemetery, on account of the
manner of his death. While it lay on the river bank, a physician
said: "Give it to me to dissect; I will pay ten dollars for it, and stop
all further trouble regarding its burial." The offer was not accepted;
and the body was buried in the cemetery on the river bank, a mile or
so from the village, in a very shallow grave, from which it was
subsequently  stolen, the  affair having  been  arranged  before
hand with  the  grave-digger.  The  robbery  was soon discovered. There were two physicians at that time in the village,
who had students, and both were suspected. George Phipps had a
drug store where H. 1. Wheeler now is. There was a cellar in the
building that he did not use. Others were allowed the use of this cellar; among them was a merchant named Doane who kept his butter
there. About the time of the grave robbery, one of the doctors asked
permission to put a barrel of pork in the cellar, which was granted.
Not long after, the stench of decaying animal matter began to pollute
the air, and a search for the dead body was commenced. The Irish
were on the tip-toe of excitement, and full of feelings of revenge; and
the doctor who had offered to buy the body was believed to have it in
his possession; though it was the other who had been successful in
getting it. Parties having been seen entering the cellar beneath the
drug store, at night, the deputy marshal was apprised of the fact and
the cellar broken open. There the body, in numerous pieces, scattered
promiscuously about, was found. This happened on a Monday morning, and George Phipps who had spent the Sabbath at Green Bay, had
not yet returned. Believing him to be a party in the grave robbery,
the tide of indignation turned upon him. He, however affirms that
he knew nothing about the affair until his return, when he was asked
to whom he had given the key of the cellar, and by telling disclosed
who the guilty parties were. It was then discovered that said parties
had left town. But the Irish were determined upon revenge. They
threatened to mob Phipps and burn his store. He was grabbed by a
couple ofthem, and would have sustained personal injury had it not been
for the deputy sheriff, who bade him arm himself and shoot the first
man that laid hands on him. Between nine and ten o'clock in the
evening the excitement was at its height. It was reported that alarge
number of the Irish were congregated at a saloon on the west side.




History of  (Brotw    Oo:nty.                219
On the east side, the citizens armed and turned out en masse to protect Phipps. One of the west side belligerents reconnoitered the situation and reported that the bridge, locks and the bank of the river
were well guarded with armed men. The Irish, on hearing this,
decided to retire from the field.
It may be well to add as a matter of history, that for months after,
butter was a drug in the market at De Pere. Every body was afraid
of getting some of that which had been kept in Phipps' cellar.
The Green Bay Business College, which had been established in
January, 1868, passed into the proprietorship of Prof. A. C. Blackman some time during 1870; and since that time has steadily been
increasing in popularity. This institution, which gives instructions
in all branches necessary for a practical business life, has graduated
over a thousand pupils. Prof. Blackman has the reputation of being
one of the best teachers in the State, and the course pursued at the
Green Bay College is said to be a most thorough one.
The shingle mill of Charles Wickham, in Hollandtrwn, was blown
up, October 27th. The hands being at dinner at the time of the
explosion, no one was hurt.
The following gentlemen were elected to office at the November
election: To the Assembly from the first district, J. S. Curtis; second
district, ). C. Ayres; Sheriff, G. N. Langton; Treasurer, F. Van
Stralen; Clerk of the Board of Supervisors, M. J. Meade; Register
of Deeds, G. W. Watson; Clerk of the Circuit Court, J. B. A. Masse;
Surveyor, J. V. Suydam; Coroner, D. C. Brown.
On December 11th, L. W. Dunham's steam saw mill in Howard was
consumed by fire. Loss $5,000.
The Green Bay Gas Company organized January 18, 1871, with the
following directors: Peter Rupp, James G. Miller, Richard Dix,
George Sommers and Henry D. Bannister.  The first President was
James G. Miller and the first Secretary and Treasurer, Henry D. Bannister. (The Gas Works were completed June 8th, 1872, at a cost of
$25,000. In 1874, the works were enlarged, making a total cost of
over $54,000. The Gas Works establishment was operated by the
officers of the stock company until 1876, when it was leased by Henry
D. Bannister, who has it in charge. The present directors are Henry
D. Bannister, S. D. Hastings Jr., M. D. Peak, W. J. Fisk and L. Van
Dycke.)




220             lhe American Sketcoh  Book7.
The Sarah Lodge, No. 16 of the Rebekah Degree of I. O. O. F. was
chartered January 19th, 1871, with nineteen members.
On the 21st of January, 1873, Hon. T. O. Howe was re-elected
to the United States Senate. Senator T. O. Howe was born at Livermlore, Mass., February 24th, 1816. He received an academic education,
after which he studied law and was admitted to the bar. In 1845, he
was a member of the Maine Legislature. Late in the same year, he
removed to Wisconsin, where in 1850, he was elected a Judge in the
circuit and supreme courts. He was first elected to the United States
Senate in. 1860 and has been twice re-elected to that position, as previously stated and at the end of his present term will have served
eighteen consecutive years. Sentor Howe, as these pages have already
shown, has been, since his advent here, one of the most prominent
and popular men of the County.
The old court house at De Pere was burned'in February, 1871, and
two men confined there, in a state of inebriation, perished in the conflagration, which occurred at midnight, and which was in all probability caused by one of them in igniting matches. A strong temperance excitement followed immediately after this, but, as is generally
the case, was short lived.
The Old Settlers' Club was organized March 4th 1871, with the following members. (Those marked with a * were born here.) Henry S.
Baird arrived July 16, 1824; M. L. Martin, May 20, 1827; Nathan
Goodell, June - 1830; Charles Tullar, June 11, 1830, *P. B. Grignon, June 12, 1806; *J B. Jacobs, March 31, 1818; John V. Suydam,
July 6, 1830; E. IH. Ellis, Aug. 26, 1826; *Joshua Whitney, Aug. 30,
1839; *Fred S. Ellis, Jan'y 17, 1830; *Thos. M. Camm, Jan'y 16,1828;
Joel S. Fisk, July -1835; John Last, May 29,1833; Charles Gebo, June1, 1832; John Parent, June 11,-1832; Wm. Chapman, July 20, 1833;
Thomas Bennett, May 7, 1836; E. W. Follett, May 25, 1836; H. H.
Albright, Oct. 9, 1836; D. W. King, June 10. 1837; Daniel Butler,
July - 1837; Henly W. Chapman, April 25,1837; Porter Parish, Aug.
12, 1835; James C. Brown, Aug. 5, 1846; Michael B. Smith, Sep. 5,
1842; Thomas W. Call, July 19, 1838; Elisha Morrow, Nov. 26,1840;
C. D. Robinson, July 4, 1846.
The De Pere News was established April 8th, 1871, by P. R. Proctor,
formerly of the Times office, of Appleton. The News is a spicy little




fHistory of  Browwn  Gounzty.                 221
sheet and its energetic editor is having the bountiful success he so
richly deserves.
The results of the April election were as follows: Mayor of Green
Bay-A. Kimball; Council-J. R. Morris, P. Parish, C. Berner, M.
Resch, J. Whitney, A. Delforge, A. Jacobi and A. Seibel; C. H.Kies
and G. E. Matile, Justices; Anton Burkard, Treasurer; F. S. Ellis, C.
L. Wheelock and Henry Rahr, Supervisors. President of De PereG. S, Marsh; Supervisor —B. F. Smith; Trustees-E. E. Bolles, W. P.
Call, Wi. Armstrong, M. R. Hunt and E. C. Merrill; Treasurer —
Reuben Field; Justices-George Munson and J. F. Lessey; AssessorMichael Murry and W. P. Call; Constables-J. Harp and Wm. Sutherland.  President of Fort Howard-O. Gray; Trustees-J. H.
Elmore, W. J. Fisk, A. Gray, J. Bergman, S. Anderson and P. Murphy; Justices-D. Hunt, J. H. Churchill and J. J. Moger; Constables-S. Atkinson and John Getlcoff; Supervisors-U. H. Peak and
G. Oldenburg. President of West De Pere-A. Reid; Trustees-J.
Ritchie, J. C. Stewart, Th\mnas Jackson, Charles Lovelace, Paul Tillman, P. McCabe; Supervisor-A. Reid.
On June 26th, the Wisconsin Editorial Convention met at Green
Bay, and was addressed by Judge Howe. The following two days
were spent in excursions north. The Wisconsin Press returned thanks
to the people in general, ani to Capt. Charles Reynolds, A. E. Elmore,
Anton Klaus, Col. Robinson, A. C. Robinson, D. I. Follett, Charles
Berner, Capt. W. R. Bourne and Albert Weise in particular, for
courtesies extended.
The Old Settlers celebrated the fourth of July at Green Bay, by
giving their first annual festival. M. L. Martin made the address, and
H. E. Eastman followed by an original song; the last stanza of which
is given:
When Clio with her roll of fame
And Euterpe with her lay
Shall tell of mortals most akin
To angels, will they say,
"There's a people on the shores of time
That never saw a day'Twas worth their while to le other than
Old settlers of Green Bay."
At De Pere an oration was given by James Anderson; at Fort Howard, by Har. J. S. Curtis, and at Wrightstowa by A. J. Morrison.




222             The American  Sketch  Book.
During the month of July, a light airy insect, winged, but exceedingly weak, flourishes in this part of the country and is known as the
"Green Bay fly."  The numbers of this insect are very great during
certain seasons. One day, in 1871, the Advocate devil, an enterprising youth, undertook to count the amount collected on the bridge,
and found there 1,200,000,004, beside 1.014 which were riding over on
a lady's shoulders. Any one who doubts the statement is referred to
the Advocate files of that year.
Among the improvements of 1871, was a new school house at Green
Bay, C. W. Kellogg, architect; and the Green Bay Opera House, built
by Gus. Crickelair.
September 21st, a large fire occurred at De Pere. The Traveler's
Home, Ritchie's store and residence and other buildings were destroyed.
On September 26th, 1871, Henry E. Brown, a well known hardware merchant of Green Bay, accidentally shot himself by having a
loaded pistol in his pocket, while endeavoring to pull a spike from a
board. While pulling the spike the hammer slipped and struck
the pistol, which discharged its contents into his body. Mr. Brown
settled in Green Bay, in 1864. He was much respected and his loss
was deeply mourned by his fellow citizens.
The firm of Ellis, Hastings & Greene, attorneys and counselors at
law, was established in 1871. (Later Mr. Ellis retired, Messrs. S. D.
Hastings, Jr., and George G. Greene continuing under the firm name
of Hastings & Greene. Their office is on the corner of Pine and
Adams street.)
The autumn of 1871, that year of disasters and fires, brought particular desolation to Brown County in common with the many others
that were ravaged by the destructive element. On that never-to-beforgotten eighth of October, while the fire-fiend was desolating Chicago, many of his terrible emmissaries were laying waste Peshtigo and
the surrounding country, on both sides of the bay. There is no
known cause for the origin of the fires. But little snow had fallen
during the previous winter and the summer had been one of unusual
drouth. The storms, which had come during the year, had been tornadoes, that blasted instead of refreshing the earth. The flames seemed
to spring out of the very ground, in places remote from each other,
and rushed on, a tornado of fire, wrapping every thing which came in




History of  Brown  Oounty.                   223
their path in a firay winding sheet, leaping over creeks and rivers to
join each other in their mti work of destruction.  The fire had been
raging for days and days, in the forests before the dire calamity,
attended with such a fearful loss of life, fell on the doomed villages
surrounding Green Bay. No wonder the people belonging to the
burning districts thought the world was coming to an end, (as it did,
alas! for over a thousand souls.) The whole heavens seemed to be
ablaze. In places apparently safe for the time being, a long tongue
of flame would shoot up from  the ground, then another and
another, and in a few moments what had been a thrifty farm or a beautiful grove would present a surface of nothing but cinders and ashes
The apprehensions of the people of Brown County were fearful in
the extreme. The smoke was so dense that a more than twilight
gloom prevailed, while upon the bay mariners were obliged to use a
compass, the shores not being visible. Flakes of white ashes would
fall like snow into the streets of Green Bay and the roar of the flames
could be heard with terrible distinctness. At De Pere, live cinders
fell, and the smoke was so dense, at times, that the inhabitants could
not see across a street. On the limits of Fort Howard and Green
Bay were people fighting the fires, which many times threatened to
sweep away those cities in the terrible conflagration. Thus the fearful days went slowly away. Meanwhile, the refugees began to pour
in, and nearly every house was turned into a hospital.  Many of
the ladies devoted their entire time to the work of caring for the
sufferers, and people vied with each other in acts of kindness.
The fire raged in the different localities for a period of over two
months, the burnt district comprising an area of several hundred
square miles.
While the amount of destruction was not nearly as great in Brown
County as in other districts surrounding the bay, it was yet so terrible that the people remember that period'with a shudder, occasioned
by. the fright, the terrible suspense and the heavy losses then endured.
The village of New Franken, in the town of Green Bay, was almost
entirely destroyed, the inhabitants fleeing with nothing but their
lives. The fire struck the place about eight o'clock, on the evening
of the eighth, and at midnight it was a mass of blackened ruins.
Willard Lamb's saw-mill, with thirty thousand feet of logs on the
roll-way, his boarding house, store, goods, residence and furniture,




224            The American S7ketot  3Book.
eleven tenement houses, five barns and numerous logging sheds, were
all destroyed, making him the loser of a fortune. Among the others
who lost heavily were Ed. St. Thomas, Burkhart Brothers, Francis
Trudell, Matthew Ripp, and Aug. Hein. The school house was also
burned. At Robinsonville, in the town of Green Bay, two churches
and other buildings, also a church in Humboldt were destroyed.
Anton Klaus lost a mill in Humboldt. Hubbard's mill in Glenmore,
was also consumed. In fact the towns of Green Bay and Humboldt
were scathed with a whirlwind of flame. The city of Green Bay was
undoubtedly saved by the heroic exertions of the people of Bellevue.
Aquila, when she made her first trip on Fox River. Capt. Hawley/
was, at the time of the fire, and is now the master of the steamer
whistle to sumon the people, who cae flocking on board to the
I~ QW
%URGEO/' IV BAY
GREEN
One name that should be wreathed by History in evergreens is
that of Capt. Thomas Hawley, at the time of writing the oldest steamboat man in the business on Green Bay. It was he who piloted the
Aquila, when she made her first trip on Fox River. Capt. Hawley
was, at the time of the fire, and is now the master of the steamer
Union. On that fatal Sunday night, the little steamer was lying at
Marinette, and the captain and other officers were at the Dunlap
House. Seeing, by the red glare in the heavens, the impending fate
of the village, he hurried to the boat, got up steam, and blew the
whistle to summon the people, who came flocking on board to the




Iistory of  Brown  County.                   225
number of four hundred or more. He waited as long as he dared,
then cut the lines and steamed out into the river. The tornado, then
raging, carried the flames to the opposite side of the narrow channel,
and in the storm the rudder became useless. In that withering heat
and choking smoke, destruction seemed inevitable; but the brave captain and officers faced it through that long night, and though destruction reigned on either side, and the red flames leaped over so near
them as.to scorch their flesh, they managed to keep the boat in the
center of the river until the smoke had cleared away sufficiently to
allow them to proceed. She arrived the next morning at her dock at
S. M. Stephenson's pier, Menominee, with every one of her precious
burden safe and well. Almost before the smoke had cleared away, the
people of Green Bay had raised $4,000 and large amounts of clothing
and provisions for the sufferers. Mayor Kimball called a meeting,
and on motion of Hon. John C. Neville, it was resolved that relief
committees be appointed-three persons to each ward. The following
were the persons who served as such: M. L. Martin, W. Parish, E.
H. Ellis, first ward; H. S. Baird, M. Resch, W. C. E. Thomas, second
ward; Henry Rahr, C. Woelz, A. Delforge, third ward.  Doctors
Elderkin, of Fort Howard, Munroe and Rhode, of Green Bay, and
Fisk, of De Pere, set out immediately to care for the sufferers. People in all parts of the country responded nobly to the appeal for aid,
and large amounts were raised for the sufferers in money as well as in
food and clothes.
The old Turners Hall was turned into a relief hospital under the
charge of Dr. H. O. Crane. Tables loaded with food were kept standing day and night, free to all who came, and were waited upon by
Green Bay ladies, with souls overflowing with sympathy. Double tiers
of cot beds were arranged around the walls, where the injured found
rest. At the formal opening of the new Turner's Hall on November
5th, of the same year, after an opening address by Gustav Kustermann,
Hon. T. R. Hudd delivered the address proper, and while dedicating
the new hall, thus touchingly referred to the old:
There is one memory connected with the formal opening of this hall and the use
and purposes to which you to-night dedicate its future, that can never fade away,
and that will be hereafter told and sung, when pen and inspiration of historian
and poet, shall recount the great horror that befel a whole people in the dark days
of October, 1871. It will be the memory of the last use of the old Turner's Hall,
occupied so many years for the uses of your society by your men of strength and
31




226              l7he Americacn  S3ketcAh  BCok.
health, but freely tendered in the hour of that great calamity of fire, and made by
soft hands and kind hearts a home and shelter for the weak, the suffering and the
dying.
A map of the burnt district appears in this connection.
Two weeks after the day of the great calamity, Lamb, Watson & Co..
of Suamico, lost a barn and several horses by fire. John Vancell, a
workman, in trying to save the horses, lost his own life.
During the year 1866, the ladies of Christ's Church had formed a
society with a view of ultimately establishing a home for destitute
men, women and children. They were aided, in 1870, by the late
Bishop Armitage who succeeded in procuring a deed from the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of what is iiow the mission Farm,
in favor of Christ's Church.  The surplus money from  donations
received to aid the sufferers of the fire of 1871 was transferred to the
Women's Aid Society, and that Society organized the Cadle Home, in
1872, according to the provisions of their charter, granted that year.
The institution is a very praiseworthy one, and the ladies, having it
in charge, deserve a great deal of credit for the superior manner in
which it is managed. The buildings erected and used by the society
consist of the "Home" proper and a Hospital, the two conveniently
connected, and affording comfort and shelter for the destitute, friendless and sick. These structures are in the city of Green Bay, on
Madison street, immediately in the rear of Christ Church. Ultimately
it is the intention of the managers to locate the "Home" on the
mission farm, already referred to. Its first matron was Mrs. D. W.
Ketchum. She was succeeded by Mrs. Kate Hume, who in turn
was  succeeded  by  the  present  matron, Mrs. C. Burt.  The
present Board of Managers is composed of'the following ladies:
Mrs. J. S. Baker, Miss Helen S. Carswell, Mrs. D. C. Ayres,
Mrs. J. J. Tracy, Mrs. E. S Whitney, Mrs. J. Whitney, Mrs. C. D.
Robinson, Mrs. W. C. Corey, Mrs. Frances P. Irwin, Mrs. A. G. E.
Holmes, Mrs. Eliz. A. Tyler, Mrs. H. Pearce.
Christmas of 1871, witnessed a celebration in honor of the completion of the Green Bay and Lake Pepin Railroad to New  London, at
the latter place. Speeches were made by D. M. Kelly of Green Bay,
W. H. Paige, of New London, and others. After a sumptuous dinner,
Wm. H. Norris, being c4lled upon, said that he could not make an
after dinner speech since he was too full for utterance. He remarked




Ilis-ory  of (Brow7zn   Oo:tnty.                 227
that Green Bay, being very aged, had a class of old fogies with whom
she must contend, but New London was not old enough to have raised
any.  Many of the Green Bay fogies had remained at home because it
was Christmas. But the city was represented by two newspaper men
who would be glad to receive subscriptions; two dry goods men ready
for orders; a shingle maker; a boiler-maker and a specimen Belgian,
by name Xavier Martin. He was not a fair average, but the best that
they could do. The celebration closed with three rousing cheers for
D. M. Kelly, general manager, and three more for B. P. Roberts,
superintendent of the track-laying.   The road was completed to
Winona in 1874, and to the enterprise of D. M. Kelly, Esq., its completion thus early is mostly due.
Though not an old settler, David M. Kelly* has been for several
years one of the prominent men of Brown County. He was born in
Hamilton, Mass., in 1841. He was educated for the law profession, and
was admitted to the bar in 1865, beginning his practice at Haverhill.
Passing over the intervening years, we find him, in 1868, in Green
Bay, as President of the Lake and River Transportation Company. In1870, he became director and Vice President of the Green Bay and
Lake Pepin rail road. He took the contract of building the entire
road, now completed to Winona, and known as the Green Bay and
Minnesota railroad.  Mr. Kelly is also known in connection  vith the
Green Bay Elevator.
As a lawyer, Mr. Kelly is able and eloquent. He has been admitted
to practice in the Supreme Court, but at present attends mostly to the
management of the railroad.  The terminus of this railroad having
been changed from  Wabashaw  to Winona, it was thought best to
change the corporate name, and on April 5th, 1873, it was given that
of the Green Bay and Minnesota Railroad. The company will obtain
during the present summer, connection with La Crosse by a lease of
twenty-three miles of the La Crosse, Trempealeau and Prescott railroad, between Marshland Junction and Onalaska, and by building a
piece of track of their own, six and three quarter miles in length,
between Onalaska and the depot grounds within the limits of the
*At the.November election of 1876. and while this work was still in press, D. M Kelly. Esq.,
was elected to the Assembly from the First District, W. J. Fisk to the Assembly trom the Second District, and M. H. Touhey to the Assembly from the Third District. The following are
the County Officers elect for 1877: Sheriff, Daniel Lee: Treasurer, Fred S. 1llis: Clerk of the
Court, E. P. Boland; Register of Deeds, B. M. Berendsen; County Clerk, M. J. Meade; Surveyor,
J. V. Suydam; District Attorney, John C. Neville, Coroner, M. Van den Bur,.




228            The American  Sketch  Book.
city of La Crosse. The connection will be perfected on or about September 1st.*  For the advantages derived from this direct road west,
the reader is referred to the map of the Green Bay & Minnesota Railroad and its connections which has a place in this work. The following are the present moving spirits of the enterprise.
Board of Directors.-Henry Ketchum, New London; D. M. Kelly,
W. J. Abrams. Fred. S. Ellis, M. D. Peak, George Sommers, W. E.
Peak, Green Bay; E. F. Hatfield, Jr., New York; W. W. Scranton,
Scranton, Pa.
Officers —H. Ketchum, President; D. M. Kelly, Vice President and
General Manager; S. B. Kenrick, Superintendent; W. R. Hancock,
Treasurer; W. J. Abrams, Secretary; J. T. Alton, Chief Engineer; J,
H. Erwin, Master Mechanic; Norris & Chynoweth, Attorneys; George
Richardson, Wood and Tie Agent; 1. E. Bucknam, Road Master; G.
H. Culver, Green Bay Agent.
The conductors of the passenger trains are Edward Arnold, William Monahan, Samuel M. Bond and J. H. Murphy.
As a closing item of the year 1871, the writer is obliged to note the
death of an esteemed lady, Mrs. Emily C. R. Harris, mother of C.D. and
A. C. Robinson and T. E. Harris, which occurred, December 27th. The
deceased was born in New Haven, Conn., in the year 1800. She and
her three sons became residents of Green Bay in 1846. Those who
knew her say that she was loved by the rich and worshipped by the
poor-arid moved like an angel among all.
January 5th, 1872, witnessed the death of an old settler, Amable
Durocher of Bellevue. He was a native of Green Bay, and at the
time of his death had reached the advanced age of seventy-nine years.
In the early days, he was known as one of the most successful voyaguers on the river. He was born and died in the old Durocher homestead, two miles south of the city of Green Bay. The following are
his children; Alex. Durocher, Mrs. John B. Jacobs, Ellen Durocher,
Mitchell Durocher, Mrs. Laduke, Mrs. Briquelet, Frank Durocher.
January 8th, another prominent settler, Col. Maurice Maloney, also
passed away. He was born in Ireland in 1813, and was a gallant soldier all his life. He was in the Florida and Mexican wars and the war
of the rebellion, rising from a private to the rank of Lieut. Colonel in
*The above mentioned branch has been completed since this work has been in press.




History  oJf  Brown  County.                     229
the Regular Army, a rank he held at the time of his death. At the
close of the Mexican war, he was ordered to Fort Howard and thereafter called this county his home. His wife is a daughter of the late
William Dickinson of De Pere. Still another old settler passed away
in January of this year, viz; Patrick Flatley, the well known landlord
of the Fox River House.  His death occurred on the 21st.  Two
other prominent mei  died during the year: On August 7th, occurred
the death of Charles R. Tyler, Postmaster. of Green Bay, aged fifty
years.  Mr.Tyler served in the late war as quartermaster.  He was
a son-in-law of Capt. J. W. Cotton. Randall Wilcox, for many years
the moving spirit of De Pere, died October 16th.
Mr. Tyler's successor as Postmaster was W. C. E. Thomas.* This
gentleman, it will be remembered, was the first mayor of Green Bay.
He was born at Muncy, Lycoming County, Penn., November 21st,
1818.  His parents were Arthur and Susannah Thomas. Mr. Thomas
was educated at the Milton, Penn., Academy, after which he served an
apprenticeship at the printing trade. In 1839, he came west, and
locating at Galena, became connected with the Galena Daily Gazette.
He continued in this position until 1849, when his health becoming
impaired, he removed to Green Bay.  His subsequent career has been
noted. For some years previous to his appointment as Postmaster he
had been engaged in the forwarding and commission business, and
was also agent for the American Express Company at Green Bay.
Mr. Thomas has proved an able manager of the post office at Green
Bay. Assisted by his son, William E. Thomas, Assistant Postmaster,
and by two efficient clerks, John Detienne and Gus. Kuhlman. It is in
every way a model institution.t
On the 17th of January, 1872, another celebration occurred in
honor of the completion of the Northern Extension of the C. & N.
W. R. R. The banquet - was at Klaus Hall, the walls of which were
decorated with appropriate devices of Col. T. B. Catlin's own handiwork. An address was made by J. S. Curtis.
*Since this work has been in press, Mr. Thomas has passed away from earth, His death
occurred August 13th, 1876. His health had been declining for two years previous to this. In
the fall of 1875, he took a trip to the Pacific coast from which he received temporary benefit.
Soop after his return in the following spring, he grew worse, and so passed gradually away.
By his death Brown County lost one of its most influential and upright citizens. He was
buried with Masonic honors, and followed to the grave by a large concourse of sad hearted
people.
tA. W. Kimball, on the 1st of January, 1877, succeeded Mr. Thomas as postmaster, and Mr,
Will E. Thomas, retained as assistant postmaster.




230             The American  Setch  cook.
The following was the result of the spring election of 1872: Green
Bay:-Mayor-C. D. Robinson; Aldermen-P. Parish, Anton Klaus,
W. Parish, Chas. Berner, M. Resch, J. Gotto, C. Meister, A. Delforge'
A. Seibel; Supervisors-F. S, Ellis, J. V. Suydam, W. B. Carpenter;
Treasurer-A. Burkart.  Fort Howard: —-President-B. J. Smith;
Treasurer-J. A. Salscheider; Assessor-James Delaney; TrusteesD. Burns, C. Schwartz, N. C. Foster, Levi Howland, J. Bergman, H.
Ehle; Justices-D. Lacy, M. Sellers, M. Carroll; Supervisors-U. H.
Peak and G. Oldenburg. Village of De Pere: —President-G. S. Marsh;
Trustees-D. Allie, M. R. Hunt, M. Murray, Albert Martins, E. C.
Merrill, Alex. Ball; Supervisor-B. F. Smith; Treasurer-R. Field;
Justice-S. H. Barrows.  West De Pere:-President-A. Reid; Trustees —H. Watermolen, Charles Lovelace, P. Me Cabe, Thomas Jackson, Paul Tillman, Thomas Scanlan; Supervisor-H. Watermolen;
Treasurer-L. Burgoyne; Justice- -Wm. Martin. Bellevue: —Chairman
Board of Supervisors-J. P. Dousman; Town Clerk-P. M. Wirth;
Justices-C. C. Connerwurf; J. Boersehinger, F. Van Stralen, L. Dennis. Town of De Pere:-Supervisor-John Dollard; Clerk-Andrew
Sherlock; Treasurer-A. Hayes. Ashwaubanon:-Supervisor-James
Rasmussen; Clerk-Andrew  Sherlock; Treasurer-R. Johnson; Justices-A. F. Lyon, John  Peterson, James Bagge, L. Thompson.
Suamico:-Supervisor-W. H. Bartran; Clerk-B. M. Bodle; Treasurer —D. Davidson.  Wrightstown:-Supervisor-C. O. Sandeborg;
Treasurer-John Hein; Clerk-E. R. Smith. Glenmore:-SupervisorC. Doherty; Clerk-B. P. Brennan; Treasurer-John Hurley; Justices-C. Doherty; John Hurley.  Humboldt:-Supervisor-Joseph
Houllotte; Clerk-M. Horckmans; Justices-J. Buryer; H. Cleeremans.  Green Bay:-Supervisors-A. Paque; Clerk-F. Coel; Justices-G. Z. Jenkins, Emil Me Gillen. Preble:-Supervisor-J. Van
den Heuvel; Clerk-B. Berendsen; Justices-J. B. Forsyth, J. M.
Smith, N. Kemter, N. Stein. Howard:-Supervisor-Wm. Battershill; Clerk-Sylvester Wright; Treasurer-Joseph Williquet; Justices-Wrn. Battershill, L. W. Dunham, Wm. Carhart. Holland:Supervisor  P. Dockery; Clerk-Michael Finnerty; Treasnrer —Morris Sommers. Rockland:-Supervisor- James Hobbins; TreasurerPhillip Devier; Clerk-John Mile. Lawrence:  Supervisor-C. H.
Williams; Clerk-C. R. Clough; Treasurer —Henry Crabb. Scott:



zistory of Brown  Co:nty.                    231
Supervisor-H. K. Cowles; Clerk-Peter Morrison; Justices-D. J.
Parent, C. Cook.
On March 8th, the French Catholic Church of Green Bay was
destroyed by fire. Several other disasters happened during the year.
A fire occurred at Fort Howard June 12th. The sufferers were Harris
& Co., druggists, W. A. Hall, hardware dealer, L. H. Dunlap, grocer,
and Tasser & Co., butchers. The post office building was destroyed
but the contents were saved. On August 25th the propeller Bertschy,
Capt. Vance, master, was partially burned at her dock at De Pere;
Sylvester Sandford's mill, four miles east of Green Bay was burned,
September 14th, and on the 19th, of the same month, the Astor mill
was also destroyed by fire. The latter belonged to Anton Klaus and
James Featherly. The loss was $21000. On October 22nd, a fire
occurred in Fort Howard, whereby Salscheider's row was destroyed.
The Fort Howard Times, Stone & Pratt, proprietors, which was printed
there, had its types and presses entirely destroyed. A few days later,
tlie'Tank ware house in Tanktown was consumed. It was filled with
staves belonging to L. J. Day & Co. who thus suffered a loss of $7000.
The scow, Firefly, lying at the wharf, was also burned.
This year, 1872, the city authorized the purchase of a second steamer,
to be used by the Guardian Fire Company, No. 2. It bears a silver
plate on which is inscribed the name of the Mayor, C. D. Robinson,
and of the chief engineer, Samuel Lindley. (This fire company has
always been in a flourishing condition.  Their meeting room is beautifully furnished and decorated. Among the decorations is a silver
trumpet which the company won in an inspection contest with other
companies. The members have a very striking uniform for gala days.
It enrolls thirty-three active members. The fire department of Green
Bay in 1876 is very efficient. It is under the charge of Louis Scheller, Chief Engineer, assisted by August Brauns. H. W. Chapman is
Treasurer and Secretary.
Among the improvements of 1872, we note the Steam Forge of
John P. Willard, at West De Pere, which went into operation some
time during the spring. Soon after, Lgndwehr & Byers erected a brewery at the foot of the Astor Heights, which is one of the finest buildings in Green Bay. Two churches were also erected in Green Bay
during the  year, beside many  fine residences; one of these is
the St. John's (Catholic) church. Rt. Rev. Bishop Melcher officia



232             aze A merican  7Sketch   ook.
ted at the dedication. (It will be remembered that the church
of this society was three times burned down. The present church is
a magnificent building. Its ground dimensions are fifty-eight by one
hundred and thirty-seven feet, and it is thirty-two feet high, with an
extension of forty-one feet running the full length of the church
above the nave. Eight feet from the walls, on either side, is a row of
massive pillars in imitation of Napoleon marble. The ceiling is
frescoed and the windows are set with stained glass. The church has
an auditorium, fifty by ninety feet, and two steeples one hundred and
thirty feet high, each containing a bell.  The structure is of brick
and the architect was David M. Harteau of Green Bay. The chalice of
the church was made from a silver tumbler donated by the Langlade
family. The beautiful gold embroidered chasuble, worn by the priest,
is the handiwork of Miss Ursula Grignon.
The St. James Episcopal society of Green Bay was organized by a
portion of retiring members of the Christ Church, in 1872. (In 1874
the society built a fine house of worship on Monroe street near the
southern limits of the city. The location is one of the most beautiful
that the city affords.)
The church of the Messiah. (Episcopal) was organized at De Pere,
December 18th, 1872, senior warden, Joseph G(. Lawton; junior warden,
John Longdin; Rector, George A. Whitney. The next year, the German Emanuel Church was organized. This society has a neat edifice
in which Jacob Schneller presides as pastor.
Of the other De Pere churches, we find that the first church built
in West De Pere, was the St. Joseph's (Catholic,) erected under the
supervision of Father Wermare, during 1871. (The incumbent in
1876 is Father Ritter. It has an attendance of one hundred and fifty
families, mostly French, and is known as the French Catholic Church.
The Baptists have just completed a fine edifice. Rev. E. S. Thomas is
the pastor of the society, and the trustees are E. R. Van Galder, Wm,
Handeyside and Norman Bowers. The-German Lutherans have also
a church in West De Pere.)
The public schools of West De Pere, were graded, in 1872, by C.
Corning. Between three and four hundred pupils are in attendance
and the services of seven teachers are required. (West De Pere has
a fine new school building, well planned and built of brick with a very
sightly location.)




History of 3Brown  Coznty.                   233
Up to 1872, Broadway in De Pere, was unplanked and was noted
for its mud.'It is asserted that it was at times impassable, even for
an empty wagon, the red clay mud being two or three feet deep. Foot
passengers could not cross, at times, without danger of being lost, in
the event of a misstep at the crossings. Some of the citizens became
so disgusted, that they resolved to annoy the village fathers until a
better state of affairs should prevail. Accordingly, one Saturday
night, the street was placarded with such inscriptions as: "Too much
mud for inudturtles."  "Good fishing here," etc. Near the corner by
Phipps' drug store a card stated: "No bottom here." A farmer read
it and drove his team across the sidewalk to get clear of the mud hole,
causing considerable amusement. On Monday night following, a boat
was put in the middle of the street, and in it were effigies covered
with placards, stating that the vessel was bound for Green Bay by the
way of Mud Creek, and'for further information to inquire at the barber shop, which bore the sign, "Ticket Office." The affair caused considerable amusement, and no one could discover who the perpetrators
of the joke were. But it had the desired effect. Shortly after, Broadway became as good a street as any community could wish.
The De Pere bank was established in 1872, in a fine new building
built for the purpose. The officers are M. R. Hunt, President; F.
Stafford, Cashier, and Eugene Smith, Assistant Cashier.
Prominent among the leading business firms of Brown County, is
that of W. A. Bingham  & Co., dealers in general merchandise, who
located in West De Pere, in the fall of 1872, and by thorough and
energetic labors, soon developed a trade of about one hundred thousand dollars per year, which has well repaid them for the untiring
efforts expended in establishing a large trade on true busit:ess principles. The new firm has always exhibited the liveliest interest in
every good enterprise which was to be of value to the De Peres, and
has, especially, encouraged every manufacturing interest to the fullest
extent of its power. The leading characteristic of this establishment
is promptness with both creditors and customers, and their unparalelled success is due mainly to this. The firm is composed of the Fox
River Iron Company and W. A. Bingham.
The first number'of the Fort Howard Monitor was issued October
10th, 1872, by Wm. Humphreville, editor and proprietor, who continued its publication up to  February 27th 1873, when it came into
32




234             T7he A.merican  ASketch   Jook.
the possession of David McCartney, its present proprietor, Mr Humphreville, however, continuing in the editorial chair. About one month
after the transfer of the paper to Mr. Me Cartney, Dan Camp became
its local editor, and added considerably to the popularity of the paper
by his humorous contributions to it. Mr. Camp severed his connection with the Monitor in December 1874, to assume the editorship of
the Whitehall Messenger, at Trempealeau. On the 2nd of July 1875,
Mr. Humphreville resigned the editorial management of the paper to
accept a position in one of the manufactories of Me Cartney & Wheelen, at Medford. For four months thereafter, the paper was conducted by Dan. C. Fink, who was. connected with it from its inception until he left in the presant year. In the early part of November
1875, Mr. G. B. Taylor, an excellent printer, and an able and industrious writer, became its editor, and made a radical change in the
paper. Up to this time, the Monitor had been printed entirely at
home; and- it was perfectly neutral in politics up to the Gubernatorial campaign of 1875, when it advocated the election of Ludington
for Governor, and gave its support to the Republican party. Upon
Mr. Taylor's advent to the paper, it was published upon the co-operative plan, with "patent" outsides, and is still published in that garb.
On the first of May, 1876, Mr. Taylor resigned the editorship of the
paper, and Mr. Humphreville was again called upon to resume his former duties upon it.*
The Fort Howard Herald was established in November of this
year, by C. J. Pratt. It was neutral in politics until the summer of
1876, when it came out for Tilden and Hendricks. It is published on
the co-operative plan.
The November election resulted as follows: Assemblymen —J. S. Curist, First District; Dr.W.H. Bartran, Second District; Den is De Wane,
Third District; Clerk of the Court —-J. B. A. Masse; County Clerk —
M. J. Meade; Register of Deeds —G. W. Watson; District Attorney
-J. J. Tracy; Treasurer-Frank Van Stralen.
On January 12th, 1873, The St. Patrick (Catholic) Total Abstinence
Society was organized with forty-six members and the following officers: President, James Delaney; Vice President, Moses Allard; Treasurer, Rev. E. Walsh; Recording Secretary, E. P. Boland; Financial
*Since the above was written the Fort Howard Monitor has suspended publication.




History of ~rown  Countm.                  235
Secretary, G. R. Bracken; Marshal, P. Me Cormick. Following this
society we find at the time of writing that it has a membership of
seventy persons and has added "Benevolent" to its other titles. Its
members have a neat regalia, beside which the society own a large
American flag, and a temperance banner; as well as the furniture of
their meeting room. Their brass band is one of the best in the
county. The following are the officers in 1876: President, James
Delaney; Vice Presidents, Hugh Gunn and M. F. Mc Cann; Treasurer,
John Cody; Recording and Corresponding Secretaiy, M. J. Me Cormick, Financial Secretary, M. Flatley; Marshal James Clary.)
January 27th, 1873, a destructive fire occurred at Green Bay, destroying the wholesale dry goods house of George Sommers, Schettler's
Block and H. Hall's gun shop. March 21st. Hugh Monroe's mill in
New Denmark was destroyed by fire.
On May, 11th, a former soldier of the war of the rebellion, Anton
Zens, committed suicide at Green Bay, by hanging himself. Want of
employment and low spirits were the causes. Mr. Zens served in
Company G of the Eighteenth Regiment. He was wounded at the
battle of Chicamauga, and soon after was discharged for disability.
The April election of 1873, resulted as follows:-Green Bay:Mayor-A. Kimball; Aldermen-C. W. Hendricks, W. Parish, A.
Seibel, A. Klaus, M. Resch, C. Meister, C. Woelz and P. Parish;
Supervisors-F. S. Ellis, W. B. Carpenter, A. Weise; Treasurer-A.
Burkart; Justices-C. H. Kies, D. H. Grignon.
Fort Howard, which this year had obtained a city Charter, elected
the following for her first officcrs:-Mayor- -James H. Elmore; Aldermen-A. Gray, W. S. Mellen, Geo. Richardson, C. Schwartz, N. C,
Foster, J. Duncan, B. J. Smith, S. Anderson, H. Ehle; SupervisorsC. C. Lovett, U. H. Peak, L. Howland; Justices-D. Hunt. V. B.
Bromley, M. Carroll; Treasurer-J. A. Salscheider.
The following shows the election for the remainder of the county:
De Pere:-Supervisor-B. F. Smith; President-E. C. Merrill; Trustees-M. R. Hunt, E. E. Bolles, W. P. Call, R. Weyenburg, M. Murray, David Le Claire; Treasurer-R. Field. Ashwaubanon: —Chair,
man Board of Supervisors-J. Rasmussen; Clerk —. Christianson;
Treasurer-R. Johnson; Justices-A. F. Lyon, M. Johnson.-Bellevue:-Supervisors —James M. Boyd; Clerk-Phillip M. Wirth. Howard:-Supervisor-W. Battershill; Clerk-H. Desollier. Scott:



236             T7he A merican  Scetcih  Bcoc.
Supervisor —I. K. Cowles; Clerk-Peter Morrison. New Denmark:Supervisor-F. W. Rasmussen; Clerk-A. Peterson. Lawrence:Supervisor-Geo. W. Woodward; Clerk-C. R. Clough. Morrison: —
Supervisor-B. Etten; Clerk-John D. Burke. Wrightstown:Supervisor-Arthur Kellogg; Clerk-E. R. Smith. Preble:-Supervisor-Frahk Leibman; Clerk-B. M. Berendsen. Town of De Pere:Supervisor-John Dollard; Clerk-Andrew  Sherlock; TreasurerAnthony Hayes. Village of West De Pere:-President —Andrew
Reid; Trustees-Thomas Jackson, Thomas Lyons, James Liddell, W.
P. Dolber, Wm. Murray, Sen., Patrick Me Cabe; Supervisor —S. E.
Baldwin; Treasurer-Louis Burgoin; Justices —Louis Scheuring, N.
Bowers. E. H. Ellis was elected Circuit Judge and D. Agry, County
Judge.
Hon. Edgar Conklin died at Chippewa Falls, May 21st. His funeral
took place at Green Bay, on May 24th. Mr. Conklin came to Green
Bay in 1848, as Register of the land office. He was subsequently a
member of the Fox River Improvement Company. In 1857 and in
1858 he represented Brown County in the Legislature. He was twice
married, both times to daughters of William Mitchell, one of the
early merchants of this County. His widow, Mrs. Harriet Conklin,
and her three children reside in the city of Green Bay.
June 19th of this year witnessed the completion of the Milwaukee
& Northern Railroad to Green Bay. The first passenger train was
greeted by ten thousand enthusiastic people, and was welcomed by
salutes of cannon, music and bells. All the companies of the county
were out in uniform. Hon. T. O. Howe made a speech of welcome to
the party, after which a bountiful dinner.was served at the First
National Hotel. In the evening a ball was given at Turner's Hall, at
which time Mr. Noehle supplied the refreshments. The next morning, the excursionists made a trip to De Pere on a steam boat, where
they were received with due welcome.
The Milwaukee & Northern Railroad was leased to the'Wisconsin
Central Railroad Company, (Phillips & Colby construction Company)
December 1st, 1873. This road was a God-send to Green Bay and De
Pere, opening up a rich country to their markets and affording better
and cheaper facilities of travel to the people along the line, since its
depots are on the east side of the river and the route is fifty-one miles
nearer to Chicago than is that of the Northwestern Railroad.




History of Brown Counrzy.                                    237
This line of road is not only the shortest one to Milwaukee and Chicago but is the only continuous line leading through the Wisconsin
pineries and to Ashland.* The Central Railroad Company owns large
quantities of excellent timber lands along the line of the road. These
consist not only of Pine, but hemlock, oak, beech and elm timber.
These lands are offered for sale cheap and on reasonable terms. Their
locality may be traced by referring to the map of the Wisconsin Central Railroad and its connections, to be found in this work.  For further information apply at the head quarters of the Wisconsin Central
Railroad, in Milwaukee.
The following is a list of the Officers, Directors and Conductors of
the Wisconsin Central Railroad:
Directors:-Gardner Colby, E. H. Abbot, Sam'l Gould, J. W. Converse, W. T. Glidden, Boston, Mass.; Chas. L. Colby, E. B. Phillips, H.
L. Palmer, Milwaukee, Wis.; Matt. Wadleigh, Stevens  Point, Wis.;
Officers:-E.  B. Philips, General Manager: H. Pratt, Auditor and
General Ticket Agent; E. Bacon, Superintendent; M. H. Riddell, Acting General Freight Agent; I. B. S. Isted, Pay Master; T. F. Clark,
Chief Clerk; Jos. W. Curtis, Secretary to General Manager; C. R. Hanchett, Train Despatcher, all Milwaukee. Conductors: —E. Leffingwell,
C. W. Brown, Geo. F. Mills, P. Dewitt, T. Mitchell, 1. S. Holton, G.
S. Rhoades, F. Dunbar, S. G. Weller, J. B. Shafer, T. B. Guy, J. G.
Scully, G. H. Swart, J. H. Clark, J. Allen, T. F. Fuller, E. S. Clark,
Solon Curtice, R. E. Ryan, S. G. Bergin, J. F. Loomis, G. Gates, Thos.
Horn, J. H. Schutt, James Casey, P. Pendergast.
*Beginning Monday, December 11th, 1876, the Wisconsin Central Railroad was operated
through to Ashland, Lake Superior. a daily train leaving Chicago at 9:80 r. M., and Milwaukee
at 1:30 A. M. Sleeping cars and coaches for Green Bay, Menasha and Stevens Point will be
ready for occupancy at 8:30 P. M. Passenger fare, Chicago to Ashland $17.50, Milwaukee to
Ashland, $14.50.
Freight will be carried to and from Ashland, Bayfield, Lapointe and Odanah. The rates for
the winter between Milwaukee and Ashland will be: First class, $1 15; second class, 1.09'
third class, ninety-five cents; fourth class, ei hty-five cents; frozen fish, $1.25 per hundred.
Rates from Chicago (via C., M. & St. P. Wty to Milwaukee) to Ashland: First class, $1.30'
second class, $1.21; third class, $1.05; fourth class, ninety-two cents; frozen fish from Ashland
to Chicago, $1.40 per one hundred lbs.
The road is now completed excepting that portion between Butternut Creek and Chippewa
River, over which-twelve miles-stages and teams will be ran by the company in connection
with the trains in each direction.
The distances are as follows:                                               MILES.
Milwaukee to Butternut Creek............................................ 267
Butternut Creek to Chippewa River (stage line)............................... 
Chippewa River to Ashland.......................................... 42
Total...................................................................351
The uncompleted portion will be finished in the spring of 1877, to accommodate the summer
travel to Ashland, Bayfield, Thunder Bay, Prince Arthur's Landing, Silver Island, Isle Royale,
Duluth, and all points on Lake Superior.




238            The American  S7ete ~Boo~k.
Those in the employ of this company at Green Bay are William
P. Vary, Agent; H. Longlot, day operator; J. Crombie, nightoperator;
and M. Franks, yard Master. At De Pere H. Lambdin, is Agent.
The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad makes close connection with the Wisconsin Central at Milwaukee for all points south
and west. This, the oldest road in the state, is well known and a
favorite with the people, beside, in its different lines, it passes through
some of the finest scenery in the west.  Persons coming from the
east to Brown County should be sure to buy their tickets by the way
of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul and the Wisconsin Central railroads, to ensure the shortest and most pleasant passage. Note the
lines of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul road, and those of the
Wisconsin Central on the accompanying map.
The General Manager of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, is Hon. S. S. Merrill, and the General Passenger Agent, is A. V.
H. Carpenter, Esq., both of Milwaukee.
Two mills were destroyed during the summer of 1873: R. C.
Evan]' mill in the town of Glenmore by fire, and Charles Delveaux's
mill in Bellevue, by a boiler explosion. The latter mill was a perfect
wreck after the accident. The engineer, Urbain Marique,was blown
to pieces. A portion of his vest was found, fifty yards from the wreck.
There, in the pocket, was his watch, still running, when picked up.
Several new public buildings were erected during 1873, among
which were a new post office, a Baptist church and a County Poor
House. The latter is a fine structure, three stories high, thirty six by
fifty feet, with two wings each thirty by forty-five feet on the ground.
The architect was David M. Harteau, and the brick for the building
was furnished by James Finnegan, of Duck Creek.
One event of the year was the arrival of a lady who called herself
"Ella Wheeler, the Wisconsin poetess."  She said she was getting
subscribers for a volume of poems of hers, soon to be issued, which
she proposed to furnish, bound in blue and gold at the astonishingly
low price of twenty-five cents per copy. This lady seemed to consider herself a privileged character. She went into strange houses,
unannounced, and seated herself uninvited at the spread tables. She
recited poetry by the yard when ever she could get listeners, and
talked to every body that she met. Her case was reported to Mayor
Kimball and Anton Klaus, who concluded that she was crazy, and




HistIory of  Brown  C0ofty.                  239
dztermined to take her in charge.  But she refused to accompany
them. She knew Mr. Kimball, she affirmed. He was her cousin, and
she was afraid of him. They finally got her lodged at the First
National, where they left her. But she took her departure at day
break the next morning, none knew whither, leaving scraps of her
poetry, purporting to be written for the Oshkosh papers, of which she
named herself a regular contributor.
A lodge of Odd Fellows, the Da Pere, No. 222, was organized at
De Pere, September 16th, 1873, with the following officers: G. W.
Lamb, N. G; William  Willes, V. G; William  Handyside, Treasurer,
and G. H. Albee, Recording Secretary.
The First National Bank building, a fine structure of stone, with
windows of heavy plate glass, having a fire proof vault and other
banking appurtenances, was built at De Pere, in 1873, by G. S. M rsh.
The Bank was chartered January 16, 1874, with a capital of $50,000,
G. S. Marsh, President, and H. R. Jones, Cashier.
Some time during the latter part of 1873, somebody in Hollandtown, aching for excitement, wrote for one of the papers,an account of a
matrimonial lottery, whereby twelve widowers drew for eleven widows
put up as the prizes, one man only drawing a blank.  The article was
extensively copied all over the UniteA States with various comments.
But it was only a joke, as the anger of those marriageable but unmarried parties testified.
The following was the result of the election in November:  To the
Assembly fro'm the First District, M. L. Martin; Second District, W.
H. Bartran; Third District. Patrick Hobbins; Superintendent of
Schools, M. H. Lynch.
In December of this year, the Cadle Home was robbed. A part of
the stolen articles were subsequently found at the residence of one
Wald, a laborer, in Green Bay.
The amount of building in the city of Green Bay, during the year
1873, was $370,600.
The Kellogg National Bank was established January 1st, 1874, and
is the successor to the City National Bank. The following are its officers; President, Rufus B. Kellogg; Vice President, William J. Fisk;
Cashier, H. G. Freeman. Directors:  Wm. Hoffman, J. H. Elmore,
Rufus B. Kellogg, Philetus Sawyer, H. H. Camp, David McCartney
W. J. Fisk, and Paul Fox, all of Green Bay, excepting Messrs. Saw



240            lhe A merican Skcetc7h  Book.
yer and Camp. The capital of this bank is $50,()0; Surplus $25,000.
The banking rooms are in the lower story of Cook's Hotel.
On March $1st, Mayor Kimball and others presented Hon. M. L
Martin with a massive gold headed cane, out of respect for services
tendered while in the legislature durintg the winter.
Daniel Bread, a noted Oneida chief, died in the spring of 1874,
aged seventy-eight years. His labors as a warrior were always in
favor of the United States. In the war of 1812, before the advent of
the Oneidas here, and while they yet found a home in the State of
New York, he led a number of his tribe to war against the British.
He was also energetic in his endeavors in inducing his young men to
enlist for the war of the rebellion  He was much honored and
beloved by all who knew him
The following were the officials for this year, 1874:-For the city of
Green Bay: C. E. Crane Mayor; Frank Lenz, Treasurer; J. A. Killian,
Marshal; Mat. Miller, J. D. Williams, A. Weise, A. G. E. Holmes,
C. Meister, C. W. Hendricks, A. Seibel and C. Woelz, Aldermen;
John B. Jacobs, F. S. Ellis, J. V. Suydam, Supervisors.
At Fort Howard, David Burns was elected Mayor by an unanimous
vote, with the following Council: J. Salvo, J. S Fisk and H Ehle.
L. Howland, U. H. Peak, and C. C. Lovett were elected Supervisors.
The President of De Pere was E. C. Merrill  Trustees-P. Dillon,
C G. Wilcox, P. S. Loy, Mat Reynan, Leonard Bone and E. W.
Arndt; Supervisor, G. S. Marsh
The President of West De Pere this year was Andrew Reid  The
following were the Trustees: William Murray, Sr, Thomas Jackson,
James Liddell, William Handyside, P. Me Cabe, H. Waterinolen.
Thomas Norton was Supervisor.
The following were the Chairmen of the Board of Supervisors and
Clerks elected for the various towns, the Supervisors being named first:
Allouez, Thomas Me Lean; G. E  T. Kyber. Bellevue, M. Wald;
Phillip M. Wirth.  Lawrence, Charles Williams; C  R. Clough.
Scott, Leonard La Plant; Peter Morrison. Ashwaubanon, J. J. Rasmussen; A. F. Lyon. New Denmark, M. Lewis; Casper Harrison.
Howard, C. D. Johnson; B. Champagne. De Pere, John Dollard;
Andrew Sherlock. Suamico, E. B. Burnham; B. M. Bodle. Preble,
Frank Leibman; B. M. Berendsen.




History  of Drown  Oonety.                        241
The Advocate of the present year speaks as follows concerning the
second Mayor of Fort Howard, David Barns:
He is of Scotch birth, and came to this country about twenty-five years ago, and
is now forty-four years old. He is a boiler maker by trade and held a position in
1857 in a large sugar refinery in St. Louis. In 1859, he put the boilers and machinery into a new sugar refinery in Chicago. He has since been employed as head
boiler-maker for the Michigan Southern Railroad, for a railroad in Nebraska, and
for the Milwaukee & La Crosse Railroad. About twelve or thirteen years ago, he
c ame here and settled in Fort Howard, since which time he has been proprietor of
a boiler shop and also identified with the Monitor Iron Works Company. He has
been a successful business man, accurlmulating sonle property, and has given employment to a large number of men, and added materially to our business, wealth and
prosperity. He has served one term as Mayor of Fort Howard and is now President
of the Council of that city.
_.-.......... _       During  the year 1874, the,=____________________    _ = ==___  -  Duchateau brothers built the
Duchateau block on corner of
:~!_,_ C__-_:-_   _ _     Main and Washington Streets,
_.  where they carry on a wholesale liquor business.  The same
year, Al   Duchatean  patented
l 1,  the Novelty  Folding Pail, of
whih he anda J. D. Woilliams
{  Th~are t                           he  manufacturers.  This
y $26, 187 4,pail is of India rubber and iron
~ tq-, i,~;''    "_______    and may be folded like a book
~~~Sch-u-lllltte~so as to occupey              a s pace of not
more than an inch in height.
Ae slight shake will again foipr it into a large, light pail.  Everybody ought to have one.
On April 14th, the Mayor elect of Fort Howard presented to the
retiring Mayor, J. HI. Elmnre, in behalf of the city council, a beautiful ivory gavel, at the same time making an appropriate address
The Green Bay Yolks Zeitzng was established from the material of
the then existing  WVisconsin Staats Zeitztnc/, by a stock  company
May 26, 1874, with B. G. Grunert, editor.  It passed into the hands of
Sehutte & Son, February 20, 1875, who are stiil the proprietors.  It is
a large four page weekly Gxermman paper, Republican in politics and
edited by J. B. Sehutte.  The subscrption price is two dollars per




242            The A.mericarn SOtketoh ~'ook.
Julius Fisk, of Fort Howard, was robbed in quite an amusing manner (to all but himself) on June 12th of this year. While he was
sitting in the front part of his store, gossiping with some of his neighbors, (as men will gossip,) unmindful of what was transpiring in the
back, a thief entered from the cellar, and carried off the contents of
his money-drawer.
M. F. Kalmbach's schooner, Lettie May, was built this year by
Simeon Vaughn, and launched September 23. It was built for the
fish trade-Capt. Albert Kalmbach, master.
The magnificent building in Green Bay, known as Cooke's Hotel,
and owned by George R. Cooke and Joseph Brown, was completed during the year, and by them furnished in first class style. It was rented
and kept one year by J. W. Hutchinson, a well known landlord, who
was succeeded in May, 1876, by M. E. Cozzens, for many years known
in connection with the Beaumont House. Cooke's Hotel under its present as well as its previous management, is in every particular a firstclass institution, worthy of a city like Green Bay.
Among the other notable improvements of 1874, were a new Baptist church, at Fort Howard, which was dedicated November 8thdedicatory sermon by Rev. W. F. Ravlin; the completion of the
bridge across the Fox River at Wrightstown; two new bridges across
the Fox River, between Green Bay and Fort Howard, one at the foot
of Main street, and the other at the foot of Mason street, Green Bay,
built by Messrs. Fox & Howard, one at the cost of $22,500 and the
other at $25,900; a German Methodist church at Green Bay, and dedicated November 15th-dedicatory sermons by Rev. M. Lymsemeyer,
Rev. J. M. Walker and Rev. M. Evans.
Col. Charles Tuller died, October 13th, 1874, aged seventy years.
He was a native of Royalton, Vt. He came to Green Bay in 1830, as
a clerk for Daniel Whitney. In 1835, he went into business for himself. He held different public offices during his life, one of which
was that of Indian Agent, at quite an early day. Col. Tuller was a
confirmed old bachelor, and lived alone in a small building on the corner of Pine and Jefferson streets. He was not seen from the Saturday preceding his death until the following Monday, when friends,
seeking him at his house, found him unconscious but alive, he having
been struck down by apoplexy. He died the next day at the house ol
Mrs. E. S. Whitney, whither he had been carried.




History of Brown  Cozunt.                  243
The following are the more note worthy disasters of the year:
The Sash, Door and Blind Factory of Aidrew Reid, of West De Pere,
was destroyed by fire July 12th. Loss $25,000. On July 22nd, L. J.
Day & Co's mill near Wrightstown was consumed. Loss $30,000.
September 6th, S. Wright's store at Mill Center was destroyed by fire.
Two large fires occurred at Fort Howard during the year: one April
30th, destroying the European Hotel. which had been kept by W. H.
Haight; the livery and sale stable of D. Hammel & Co.; the restaurant of M. P. Peterson & Co., and the boot and shoe store of A. Planert. Beside the persons mentioned, several others were losers by the
fire. among whomn was G. Oldenburg who lost five hundred
dollars worth of furniture. Ho-OO
The second fire was on Sep-              -'tember 30, whereby the Good-                                 t
rich warehouse.and its con-wi 
tents were destroyed. It was                            a
the work of n incendiary, who.twice before had made a like
attempt. Messrs. Warren &
Disbrow, agents for the line,
lost their books, bills, etc. etc.
100,000 shingles belonging to a
N. C. Foster were destroyed. I 
On October 7th, Lee Alling,  a!
respected citizen of Fort How-        ).OOK/E S HOTEL.
ard, was killed by some switching cars. He was crossing the tracks
and did not see the engine. In July previous to the last named event,
Oscar B. Smith was drowned at Fowles' dock while bathing. Ed.
Montgomery attempted to save him, but failed. The event affected
the young man's mind so much as to re ult in a serious illness.
November20th, Cowles Bros. mill at Wequioc was destroyed by fire.
The November election resulted in sending T. R. Hudd, W. J. Fisk
and P. Hobbins to the Assembly. The following wore the County
officers for the ensuing year: B. M. Berendsen, Register of Deeds;
Gerhard Bong, Sheriff; J. B. A. Masse, Clerk of the Court; M. J.
Meade, Clerk; George R. Cooke, Treasurer; J. V. Suydam, Surveyor;
David Agry, Probate Judge.




244            The American SkeitJo   Book.
Near the close of the year, the military company known as the
Bay City Light Guards, was organized. The original call for such a
company was signed by upwards of one hundred and twenty-five citiizens of Green Bay, of which number ninety-nine signed their names
to the muster roll on the night of December 2nd, 1874. The company being duly organized, proceeded to elect their commissioned and
non-commissioned officers as follows: James I. Elmore, Captain.
Oliver Libbey, First Lieutenant; John D. Williams, Second Lieutenant. Sergeants in order: M. F. Greeley, John D. Lawe, David W.
Soper, Charles F. Wallwitz, Porter Jones. Xavier Martin, Quarter
Master Sergeant, Henry Hagermeister, Color-bearer. Corporals in
order: James Tiernan, George C. Sager, Julius Hoeffell, James Dudley, Lewis J. Day, Jr., L. H. Dunlap, Reese Mitchell, Mather Kimball. Win. Hoffman, Treasurer; W. J. Lander, Recording Secretary.
The company adopted the name of "Bay City Light Guards,"
drafted a constitution and by-laws, and decided to select a uniform. On
the 4th day of December, 1874, the commissions arrived from Madison, signed by W. R. Taylor, Commander in Chief, and A. C. Parkinson, Adjutant General of the State of Wisconsin.
The state armed and equipped the company, and Captain Elmore
received sixty stand of the latest pattern, Breech Loading Springfield
rifles, accompanied with a box of metalic cartridges and all necessary
accoutrements to complete a soldier's outfit, from the Quarter Master
General of the state. The company very soon became efficient in
their evolutions and movements in company drill in the manual of
arms under the constant drill and discipline of the very efficient Drill
Master, Captain Jas. H. Elmore. The first annual inspection at Turner Hall, May 26th, 1875, was a credit to the company and was favorably commented upon by the Adjutant General and Colonel Arnold of
the First Milwaukee Regiment, and several prominent military men
from New York state, who were present.
The uniform of the campany is a Cadet gray dress coat with black
trimmings; epaulette pants, with a black stripe an inch. wide;
caps of the same material with monogram, B. C. L. G., in a star and a
white plume tipped with red; white web cross belts and waist belt
complete the very handsome uniform of the company.
On the 5th day of July, 1875, Mrs. T. E. Harris presented the company on behalf of the ladies of Green Bay with an elegant silk flag




Zistory of!Brown  County.                 245
bearing the inscription, "Bay City Light Guards, organized December 2nd, 1874, Green Bay, Wisconsin." On the steps and in front of
the First National Hotel, she made a patriotic address to the officers
and members of the company to which Captain Elmore responded in
fitting terms and turned the flag over to Henry Hagermeister, Color
Sergeant, charging him to hold it sacred and never let it trail in the
dust, but be an honor to Green Bay, Brown County and the fair donors. The occasion was very impressive and will be long remembered
by every member of the Light Guards, and everybody who witnessed
the flag presentation. The company visited Menominee, Michigan,
and the Northwestern Agricultural Fair at Oshkosh, during the season and received at both places a grand reception and the best of
treatment at the hands of the citizens of Menominee and Oshkosh.
They made a fine appearance and were highly complimented by the
Press, for their soldierly bearing and efficiency in drill.
During the year, J. D. Williams resigned his commission and Private E. L. Kendall was elected 2nd Lieutenant of the company. Of
the non-commissioned officers M. F. Greeley resigned and Chas. F.
Wallwitz was elected Orderly Sergeant. Martin Franks was elected
fourth Sergeant in place of C. F. Wallwitz promoted. Porter Jones
resigned as fifth Sergeant and Private W. E. Peak was elected to fill
his place. Lewis Carabin was elected Recording Secretary in place of
W. J. Lander resigned, an4 Theodore E. Harris was elected Financial
Secretary.
A Drum and Fife Corps numbering eleven members was organized
and Private D. W. King Jr. was elected Drum Major by the company, and under the efficient teaching of Frank Shephard (fife) and
Charles Hambitzer (drum) they made progress.  The company procurred uniforms for them corresponding with their own.
A Brass Band was organized under the leadership of George L.
North, Conductor, by non-members of the company. This is among
the best bands in this state. The Band members were elected members of the company and are called the Bay City Light Guard Band,
and will be uniformed as soon as the company is in condition to do so.
Private M. Resch, at his own expense, built an armory for the
company.  It is situated on Pine street and will compare favorably
with any thing of the kind in the state. The hall inside is forty by
eighty feet with large entry, ladies' rccmi and ticket office in front




246               lihe Americanc   SketcZh  Boo~.
and spacious.dining room  and kitchen in the rear.  The Hall was
formally opened Dec. 15, 1875, by a grand reception party at which a
number of military men were present from outside.
The company at present numbers seventy-four active members, officers and enlisted men and a drum  corps of eleven.  They had their
second annual inspetion and reception at the armory May 21, 1876,
before General E. E. Bryant, Adjutant General of Wisconsin, and Governor Ludington's Private Secretary, which passed off satisfactorily to
all parties concerned, the Adjutant expressing much surprise at finding such a well drilled and efficient company so recently organized.
In the fall of 1874, Frank Van Stralen the County Treasurer was
found to have embezzled a large amount of the County funds.*
Speaking of him one of the local papers of a later date says:
The history of his official life is familiar to most of our people, as he made himself unpleasantly notorious, about the time he stepped down and out of office, by
refusing to give any aid to a committee who were authorized to make some pointed
inquiries in and about his office; and further by soon thereafter making himself
scarce just as a warrant was issued for nim. The officers vainly hunted for him
until word came that he was in Holland. Upon his return, last spring, (1876) he was
arrested and in default of bail tarried a few days in the county jail. Upon a bond
in the sum of $5,000 being furnished by his friends he was set at liberty. The information filed against him was for embezzlenment of the public funds, several counts
being made. Owing to his peculiar system of book keeping and the mixed state of
accounts between himself and the then City Treasurer, it was impossible to fix the
sum of his defalcation definitely above $8,000.
A post office was established at West De Pere, in January, 1874,
and W. H. Chapman appointed postmaster.  The same month, the
West De Pere Baptist Church was dedicated.
A soap factory was started about this time on East River, Green
Bay, by Messrs. Ingersoll & Case, and has since become a very large
and flourishing establishment.
In February, of this year, the Weekly Globe, by Root & Kimball,
job printers, Green Bay, made its appearance.  The Globe, though
small, is a spicy and very interesting sheet. It is printed on the cooperative plan.
The Green Bay Savings Bank was chartered in March, 1875, with
the following officers:  Albert Weise, President; Herman Gieseler,
Cashier, and Louis Neese, Assistant Cashier. The officers of 1876 are
*Since the History was in press, Van Stralen has been tried and convicted of embezzlement.




History  of' Browrn  aounty.                      247
as follows:  Robert Silber, President; J. Schellenbeck, Vice President;
Hermann Gieseler, Cashier, C. Kustermann, Assistant Cashier.  Directors:-Albert Weise, J. Schellenbeck, Robert Silber, August Brauns,
Carl Kustermatn..
Green Bay city officials in 1875, were: Mayor-C. E. Crane; Aldermen-A. Weise, C: W. Hendricks, William  Hoffman, Xavier Martin,
A. Seibel, A. G. E. Holmes, David Harteau, C. Meister, and M. Miller; Treasurer-J. D. Williams; Clerk-J. R. Morris; Chief of the
Police- -0. J. B. Brice.  The city officers of Fort Howard, elected this
year, were:  Mayor-George Richardson; Treasurer-R. Chappell;
Assessor-P. Hanrahan.
The officials for the remainder of the County were as follows: De
Pere: President-E. C. Merrill; Trustees —M. Reynen, P. Flannigan,
A. R. Hammond, G. Remington, R. Gallaher; Treasurer-P. S. Loy;
Police Justice-William  Smith; Justice of the Pe~.ce-Thomas Hobbins; Assessors-James Herbridge and  R. Weyenberg.   County
Supervisors —J. B. Jacobs (elected without opposition), F. S. Ellis and
J. V. Suydam, of.Green Bay City; C. C. Lovett, J. S. Beattie and M.
Sellers, of Ft. Howard; B. Etten of Morrison; Thomas Fineity of Holland; D. Davidson, of Suamico; N. H. Godfriedson of New Denmark; C.
H. Aldrich,of Preble; Thomas Me Lean, of Allouez; H. K. Cowles of
Scott; A. Kellogg, of Wrightstown; G. S. Marsh, of the Village of De
Pere; A. T. Buckman, of Pittsfield; Charles Williams, of Lawrence; J.
Brimer of Town of Green Bay; William  Pamperin, of Howard; T. E.
Sedgwick, of West De Pere; James Rasmussen, of Ashwaubanon;
Anton Vander Heuvel, of Bellevue; C. Doherty, of Glenmore; James
Coleman, of Eaton; James Hobbins, of Rockland; Anton Van den
Berg, of Humboldt.  Morgan L. Martin was elected Judge of the
County.
Henry S. Baird died on April 30th.  In the Green Bay Advocate of
May 6th, 1875, his life at Greeu Bay is thus summed up:
In July, 1824, when the Green Bay settlement was commencing, he came on a
tour of inspection and decided to locate here. He returned to Mackinac, was married to the present Mrs. Baird, then a girl of scarcely fifteen, who had been one of
his pupils, came back in September of that year, and located where the Green Bay
settlement then existed, about two and one half miles south of here. A United States
District Court, with Judge James D. Doty presiding, had been established here the
previous year, with jurisdiction in the counties of Brown, Mackinac and Crawford;
and in a paper on early times in Wisconsin, by Hon. James H. Lockwood, we find




248              Tlhe American  Skec7h  (Book.
this sentence: "I found no attorneys in Brown. There were several in Mackinacamong them Henry S. Baird, then quite a young man, just commencing practice
and whom I considered the best lawyer among us."  He was admitted to the bar
here in that year, and at once entered upon a successful practice, which was actively
continued until some ten vears ago, when he withdrew from court work, only continuing to a limited extent the management of private affairs and estates. As a
lawyer, he was accurate and painstaking, throwing himself with all his force into
every case he undertook, and giving his clients the utmost services in his power to
render. He had the reputation, probably won through these qualifications, of
being one of the most successful lawyers in the state. The legal profession of those
days and for a long time afterward involved long journeys by primitive modes of
conveyance to Mackinac and Detroit by sail craft, to Prairie du Chien by bark
canoes with Indian Voyageurs; to Milwaukee on horseback, and so on. In 1835, he
removed from up the river to what was then called Navarino, now the Third Ward
of Green Bay, and in 1836, built the house where he has ever since resided.
Within the space which we can devote to the subject, we can only give a glance
at his public record. In his own home in Green Bay he has several times been
called upon to preside over its councils, having been President of the Village Board
in 1853, and Mayor of the city in 1861 and 1862. He was President of the first
Legislative Council of the Territory of Wisconsin, which was held at Belmont, Iowa
county, in 1836. Upon the organization of the territory he was appointed Attorney General by Governor Dodge. And he was a member of the first convention to
form a State Constitution which met at Madison in 1846. As one of his local services here, also, he was one of the three commissioners-A. J. Irwin and Ebenezer
Child being the others-to open the road on the east side of Fox River from Green
Bay to Kaukauna. He was Secretary for Governor Dodge at the Great Treaty at
Cedar Rapids in 1836, wherein the Menominees ceded some 4,000,000 acres of this
country to the Government. In our home matters, societies, lecture associations,
etc., his name has always been prominent; and while m active life, no public event
could scarcely transpire without his being more or less prominently connected with it.
Dr. Henry Pearce died May 26th, aged sixty years.  He was born
in London, in 1815, and there educated. In 1860, he became a citizen
of Green Bay, where he had a large practice and was much beloved.
On the night of June 4th, Michael Harteau of Scott, was knocked
down and robbed, near the Adams House, in Green Bay.  The robber
took $900, which Mr. Harteau  had recently drawn from  Chicago,
where it had been deposited.
On June 15th, a beautiful three masted vessel, named Lizzie IM.
Sorenson, and built by Elias Sorenson, of De Pere, was launched.
As usual, the fourth of July was celebrated this year at Green Bay,
the cities of Green Bay  and Fort Howard uniting for that purpose.
A large procession formed in front of the National Hotel, Mayors Crane




Geo. Richardson, Esq.               lion. A. J. Irwin.
I                -I
Rev. T. J. Johnton..  lon. Daniel Whitney.








History of  Brown  County.                  251
and Richardson acting as marshals. It was upon this occasion that
Mrs. T. E. Harris in behalf of the ladies of Green Bay, presented the
banner to the Light Guards.
The company of militia for some time known as the Fort Howard
Zouaves, was organized in July, 1875; and M. F. Kalmbach chosen as
Captain. They have since taken the name of Kalmbach Rifles, and
donned a more dressy style of uniform. A very efficient fife and drum
corps, neatly uniformed, is attached to the company.
The following are the names of the present officers of the Kalmbach'Rifles: M. F. Kalmbach, Captain; E. F. Henderson, First Lieutenant; J. K. Ford, Second Lieutenant; non commissioned:-Robert
Henderson, Orderly Sergeant; M. J. Corbett, Second Sergeant; John
Manning. Third Sergeant; John Glass, Color Sergeant; C. O. Lovett,
Fifth Sergeant; Corporals-H. Mahoney, E. Perry, R. Sommerville,
Wm. Faulkner, W. P. Henderson, Lewis King, George Haslin, Wm.
Erwin. Drum Corps-Masters Charley Kerr, Johnny Marshall, R.
Eisman, J. P. Haslin, Willie Reinhardt. Secretary-Lewis King.
Treasurer-Robert Sommerville.
In September of the same year David M. Burns commenced the
issue of a small monthly paper, called The Fort Howard Review. It
was intended as an advertising sheet, but it ably discussed local questions and was otherwise interesting. After being published a year, it
changed hands and is now published by the Review Printing Company, with James Kerr as Secretary. It was enlarged to double the
size and it bids fair to take a prominent position amongst its cotemporaries in the Fox River Valley. Unlike the majority of papers in
the district, which are on the co-operative plan. The Review is printed
at home, and as the publishers say, it is " a Home Journal, devoted to
the interests of the community in which it is published."*
Some time during the fall of 1875, the Walnut street bridge, which is
the middle bridge crossing Fox River from Green Bay, was damaged by
the schooner Alice Richards, coming in collision with it. The schooner having slipped her lines had been driven by the wind and waves
against the bridge, completely destroying two bents. This bridge
was left in its wrecked state for several months, owing to a difference
existing between the cities of Green Bay and FQrt Howard, in regard
*Since the above was written The Fort Howard Review has been changed to a weekly newspaper.
35




252            The AmericLn  Sketch  Book.
to whose duty it was to keep the bridge in repairs. It having been
built by the city of Green Bay, said city objected to being at the
whole expense of repairing it. The matter was finally amicably
arranged by Fort' Howard's agreeing  to bear her share of the
expenses.
A new saw mill was built at Green Bay, in 1875, by A. Weed & Co.,
who, at the time of writing, still own and run it. The mill has a
capacity of about seventy-five thousand feet of lumber, one hundred
thousand shingles and ten thousand lath per day. It employs twentyfive hands, and runs day and night. H. A. Mc Kenzie is superintendent, and E. B. Burnham, book keeper of the establishment.
At the November election of 1875, Mitchell Resch, D  Dewane and
W. J. Fisk were elected to the Assembly, and T. R. Hudd to the Senate At the same time, T. E. Sedgwick was elected County Superintendent of Schools.
The writer wishes to say a few words here in reference to Hon. Thos.
R Hudd, the present State Senator, from the Second District, who is
one of the rising men of Brown County. He is a native of the city
of Buffalo, where he was born October 1st, 1834. At the age of six,
he went with his widowed mother to settle in Chicago, where he
remained until 1853, at which time he removed to Appleton, Wisconsin. His education was finished at the Lawrence University, and in a
printing office. Later, he studied and began the practice of law. In
1857-8, he was the District Attorney of Outagamie County, and from
1862, until 1864 was State Senator from the Twenty Second District.
In 1868, he was Member of the Assembly, from  Outagamie County.
During this year, he took up his residence at Green Bay, where in
1873-4, he held the position of City Attorney. In 1875, he was sent
to the Assembly from Brown County and made so favorable a record
then that at the next election he was elected to the position of State
Senator from the Second District
On November" 21st, 1875, the bay steamer Queen City, was burned
off Ford River. In the days before railroading, this boat was run by
Capt. John B. Jacobs. At the time of her destruction, she was
owned by Capt. Alfred Taylor and was on her way to Escanaba.
Captain Taylor and his men saved themselves by the use of the small
boats.




History of DBrown  Coxnth v.               253
J. D. Williams having tendered his resignation as City Treasurer,
on the first of December, George L. North was appointed to fill the
vacant place.
On the completion of the new armory built by Hon. M. Resch, the
Light Guards gave a grand reception This occurred on the night of
December 14th. The supper was presided over by Mrs. William
Mitchell and Mrs. J. S Baker.
The express company have a large and finely fitted-up office in
Shaler's Block, Green Bay, which is in charge of the gentlemanly
agent, M. Fargo, Esq., and his clerk, D. C. Gaines. From Mr. Fargo
the writer learned that the business done by the company during the
year 1875 amounted to $35,400. Other years have averaged even better. Mr. Fargo employs two drivers, viz: H. Fulkeson and C. P.
Hamm.
The writer has neglected up to this time to speak of the Philharmonic Society which stands unquestionably without a superior among
the musical societies of Wisconsin, and which was organized at Green
Bay August 3rd, 1872, with the following officers: President, A. W.
Kimball; Vice President, G. W. Watson; Secretary, W. C. Bailey;
Treasurer, J. F. Gooding; Conductor, G. L. North; Librarian, C. T. Kimball. It has given twenty-nine concerts in all, eight being miscellaneous concerts, one by Bach's celebrated orchestra from Milwaukee, and
twenty dramatic representations. The latter consisted of eight nights
of the cantata of "Esther, the Beautiful Queen," eight nights of "Belshazzar" and four nights of "Ruth and Naomi." The two latter being
sacred operas of a high order composed by Prof. J. A. Butterfield, of
Chicago. Among the standard choruses presented at miscellaneous
concerts may be mentioned: "The Heavens are Telling," from "Creation;" "Inflammatus," from "Stobol Mater;" "Thanks be to God,"
from "Elijah;" "Damascus," from "Naaman;" "Gloria," from "Mozart's Twelfth Mass." The aim of the Society has always been progressive, and to educate the mrusical taste of Northern Wisconsin to
the appreciation of first class music. The intention of the directors
is next to take up the study of "The Creation," Haydn's masterpiece
This has never before been undertaken in Wisconsin by a musical
society and will be a distinguished credit to the Philharmonics if successfully carried out, as no doubt it will be. Mr. G. L. North, the
musical conductor of the society from its organization, resigned his




254             12ze American   k              etchz  Book.
position in February of the present year and in connection with Prof.
Butterfield has since been superintending the presentation of the two
sacred operas. The Society then secured as conductor the services of
the eminent Prof. John G. Parkhurst. He is without doubt one of the
finest baritone singers in the west and one of the ablest chorus conductors in the whole country. The present officers of the Society are, President, A. W. Kimball; Vice President, J. D. Williams; Secretary, M.
H. Walker; Treasurer, H. G. Freeman; Conductor, J. G. Parkhurst;
Librarian, M. D. Kimball. Directors: —Oliver Libbey, M. V.B. Benson, W. C. Bailey, L. W. Briggs, 0. J. B. Brice.




History of  Brown  County.                   255
CHAPTER X.
DESCRIPTION OF BROWN COUNTY.-AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER RESOURCES.-SKETCHES OF THE VARIOUS TOWNS.
BROWN County is now in extent twenty-four miles from east to west
and thirty miles from north to south, and has an area of five hundred
and forty miles. It is made up of a variety of soil, and was once covered by heavy forests. It was formerly a large territory, in fact comprising about half of the State of Wisconsin-the mother county of
the northern portion of the state, from  which other counties have
been set off until now it comprises nineteen towns. The principal
place, and the county seat, is Green Bay, which  according to
the census 1875, was a city of 8,037 persons, and has been steadily
growing since then. The Fox and East rivers are about two miles
distant from each other, running parallel and emptying into the
head of the bay. The peninsular strip of land, at the point where
it meets the bay, is the site of the city proper, which thus has the
advantage of possessing an admirable harbor. There is a natural
growth of trees upon the outskirts of the city, as well as shade trees
along many of its streets, which lend it much of its attractiveness in
summer. The business streets are well paved, and side-walks extend
in every direction, bordered by large business houses, magnificent
dwellings and beautiful gardens. Viewed from the bay, the city is a
picture worthy of the attention of the tourist, or the pencil of an
artist; while all along the bay and river are minute caves and picturesque scenery that must entice even the least romantic.
The Devil's River, now known as the East River, has the following
legend for the origin of its name: Far back in the misty past, two
weary hunters came to the banks of the stream, sipped of the waters,
and then set themselves down upon a log which lay by the river's
edge. But scarcely were they seated, when the log began to move.
They sprang up just in time to save themselves a ducking and see the
log dart into the water. "It is the Devil's River!" they exclaimed in
a breath. They had mistaken a living monster, lying asleep upon the




256            The American  Sktco7h (ook.
bank, for a log, and in their consternation thought it must be the
devil. Such was the origin of the name, as affirmed by the late
Rachel Grignon.
Green Bay is both a healthy and a beautiful city. The clean wide
streets are nearly all bounded with rows of magnificent trees, among
whose green leaves the birds sing as sweetly and as unceasingly as in
any forest. Even in the business portions of the city, the trees and
birds and flowers form a pleasing variety with the din and rush of
busy life, unlike any other city that the writer has ever seen. The
western shores are washed by the noble Fox River, and just a little to
the north, the bay stretches away like a sea of glass. Nothing is
more delightful than a trip in summer upon that same river and bay.
However warm it is landward, out upon the waters, the air is deliciously'cool. Above spreads the sky, blue as the wild violets, with no
spot upon it, save the great, golden sun that sends its shining rays
every where. lighting the world up into glory. Beneath are the translucent waters, upon whose surface wave after wave of liquid gold
dances, glistens, and then rolls out of sight to be replaced by others,
just as beautiful. And so you glide along, watching the golden waves,
the blue sky, the shining sunbeams and the green, receding shores,
until you begin to wonder if you are ntt dreaming some beautiful
dream of fairy land. In the evening, you sit upon the guards in the
delicious twilight, and look at a sky, the like. of which you never saw
before. In the west, stretches the sun-set glory of red, purple, gold
and brilliant white, so finely blended that a dividing line could not be
drawn; and above is the clearest, bluest, star-bespangled sky that can
be imagined. By and by, the great full moon rises up out of the
waters, over which it sends its long white beams, which the waves
catch, reflect, lengthen and widen, until fhe scene becomes comparable with nothing on earth. At day-break, the same, purple, red and
brilliant white glory, that marked the setting of the sun, lies in the
eastern sky and heralds the approach of the day-god.
Across the river from Green Bay is Fort Howard, now a thriving
little city, with nothing left to tell of the old French fort, Fort
Edward Augustus, or even old Fort Howard. Four miles further up
the river, the De Peres, twin villages, are situated, forming with their
active manufactories and fine residences, a very pleasing picture to the
traveler. A few miles further up, you come to Wrightstown, a smart




Zistory 7of Brown  Co:nty.                  257
village, divided by the Fox River into East and West Wrightstown.
These are all the important places in Brown County.
The De Peres, known as De Pere and West De Pere, are separated
by the Fox River, but connected by a bridge fifteen hundred feet long.
A waterfall of eight feet, upon a rocky bottom, gives this place a
water power estimated to be equal to twelve thousand horses.
The Fox River, at De Pere, is halfa mile in width, with an average
depth of channel of eighteen feet. The land on either side of the
river rises gradually until it attains the height of sixty feet above the
water's level, and is covered by forests of oak, maple, elm, pine, hickory and cedar. The Rapids des Peres (Rapids of the Fathers) were at
the site of the present dam and are formed by a level table rock running across the river.
Lake boats of any draft can pass up Fox River, as far as De Pere
with safety, and consequently the place has become a port.
De Pere is essentially a manufacturing point. The Fox River furnishes great manufacturing facilities, only a portion of which are as
yet put to use. That the resources are not more fully developed is
owing, so it is claimed by many of the citizens, to the injudicious
management of the owners in times past. It is not the writer's province to discuss this question in these pages, further than to remark
that at both De Pere and Green Bay a seeming lack of foresight has
had a retarding influence on the growth and prosperity of the same.
More particularly is this true of Green Bay. -Many of the original
land owners refused to sell land even to parties whose business would
be a material help in building up the place, or if they did decide to
sell, would put the price so high that no one would purchase. People did not wish to build manufactories and business houses on leased
grounds, and so turned toward places with far less facilities, but where
they could get land on reasonable terms. Even the most needed
improvements were fought as innovations. The writer is informed that
some of those simple minded people looked upon the building of sidewalks as an outrage and used all the influence which they could
command to prevent their being made. They were good-hearted, hospitable people, but were lacking the spirit of enterprise which characterizes their offspring and the later settlers, and which is so necessary in
the building up of any city. They lived in the present, with little
thought for the future. But for their lack of foresight, Green Bay




258             I'he A merican  13ketch. 60ook.
might have been the first city, in numbers and wealth, of Wisconsin,
and De Pere a ward of that city.
Fort Howard, a busy, self-sufficient city of 3,610 souls, lies on the
west side of Fox River, and is connected with Green Bay by several
bridges, situated conveniently for crossing from the different parts of
the two cities. Like Green Bay, it is enshrined in an emerald setting,
bordered by translucent waters, upon which white-rigged schooners
and bird-like pleasure boats glide, each "like a thing of life;" the
whole viewed from a distance forming a magnificent picture. This
illusion might be preserved did not the hum and smoke of the manufactories on either side of the river, and other signs of busy life, assure
one of its reality. So nearly are the two cities united, that the history
and advantages of one belong in a greater or less degree to the other.
It is even thought by some of the far-seeing that the day is not far
distant when they will have but one city charter; while the very farseeing include the De Peres in the one great city. This is something
not to be considered impossible, for it is no great thing for two growing cities, in the course of even a few years, to reach over five miles
of intervening country and shake hands.
The De Peres at present have a population of about 4,000.
The Fox River and Green Bay furnish some valuable fisheries, and
this business is carried on to a great extent, all along the coast. At
De Pere is a particularly fine fishery, where fishing is done at all
seasons of the year. Large quantities are constantly being shipped
from the different points to Chicago and other cities.
We will now turn our attention to the agricultural capacity of
Brown County. Lumber dealing and trading in furs were, until very
recently, the principal businesses followed by the people. The great
forests, covering the land, presented a difficulty in the way of farming, and money-making by dealing in lumber and furs being easier,
few thought of tilling the ground to any great extent. Hence Brown
County began to be considered by outsiders, and by some of the
chance residents, as well, as an inferior farming region. The falsity
of such an opinion has been well proven by J. M. Smith, Esq., an
influential citizen of Brown County, and, at the time of writing, a
member of the County Board of Supervisors as well as President of
the Wisconsin Agricultural and  Mechanical Association. Some
twenty years since, Mr. Smith purchased a few acres of land, near




History of B3rown County.                         259
East River, (now in the city of Green Bay) and determined upon trying his skill at market gardening. The land was considered worthless
by even the oldest residents of the county, and Mr. Smith's intention
of trying to till it was looked upon as rank insanity. But he had made
such a purchase because the land was cheap and near a market. With
out following the many difficulties which he had to overcome, it will
suffice to say that he has made an immense success of gardening on
that same so-considered worthless land. The writer has twice visited
the garden which is certainly an honor to Brown County. Here she
ate some of the largest and finest-flavored strawberries that ever grew,
and there were bushels more upon the vines just as good. In fact,
the writer has been informed that upon this land, last season, was
grown the largest amount of strawberries to the acre, ever grown in
the State of Wisconsin.  From  thirteen acres planted to vegetables
ani fruit, Mr. Smith now  realizes yearly about $7,000.  Having
studied carefully into the needs of the soil, with no great amount of
work or expense, he made it suitable for his crops. He has utilized a
small stream that runs through the garden, so that he may, with a
piece of hose, water any part of it. He has also followed up a fine
system of drainage, so that there need be no damage to crops in wet
weather. At the request of the writer, Mr. Smith has prepared the
following article which should be read by all intending to settle in
this part of the country:
AGRICULTURAL CAPACITY OF BROWN COUNTY, WISCONSIN.
This county was at the commencement of its settlement, and for years after an
aim st unbroken forest, the most of it being covered with an immense growth of
pine, oak, basswood and sugar maple, interspersed with other varieties of timber
that grew in this latitude and climate. It was not an easy matter. for the first settlers to get farms under way, as there were no other settlements near, no roads and
but very irregular communications by water. The early settlers were more disposed
to hunt and fish than to cultivate the soil. The woods were full of game and of fur
bearing animals; the waters of the bay and the rivers were alive with fish of the
best quality. During the spring and fall, wild ducks covered the waters literally by
the million. In short it was a sportsmen's paradise. The furs and perhaps a few
shingles made by hand from the every-where-present forest, traded off to the occas'
ional vessels that came along, helped the first settlers to make quite a comfortable
living without giving much attention to the soil. The result of this was that for
many years but feeble attempts were made at farming, and those in a very primitive way. The first business men that came here to live were the lumbermen.
36




260                Thze American Sketc7 Book.
They saw that the settlers here (some of them had even then been here at least a
number of years) made some attempts at farming, but as a general thing with but
poor results. The crops were almost all poor and in fact the settlers of that day did
not depend upon their crops for their living, but upon their game and fish. The
result of all this was that the lumberman reported that the country was a splendid
one for lumbering, but for farming it was at best but moderately good and perhaps
the less said about it the better. This impression prevailed very extensively, not
only abroad but even among the business men of the county who had in some cases
lived here many years, but were engaged in other business than farming, and had
n3ver taken the trouble to ascertain whether the current reports were true or notNow, what are the facts in the case? They are what we design to place upon
record at this time. In most of the county, the soil is a dark loam with a red clay
subsoil. This clay is so intermingled with fine limestone pebbles that it is often and
in some places impossible to get clay sufficiently free from them to make good bricks.
This of course indicates what is really the fact, that it is not only a good wheat
a)il, but a lasting one. In proof of this, we can point to some fields that have been
cultivated for more than twenty years, much of the time in wheat with but little
fertilizing of any kind, and yet the crop this year (1876) is the best one that the
land has ever produced. If we take into consideration the crops of wheat, rye, oats,
barley and potatoes, this country is certainly more than an average one as compared
with the other counties of the state. As regards corn, whilethere are thousands of
acres of land that will raise excellent crops of corn, it is not equal to such counties
as Fond du Lac or Winnebago, possibly not quite equal to Calumet, or Outagamie,
for the above named crop. The question is often asked "Is it not too far far north
to raise good corn?" It is too far north to raise the large Illinois corn, and have it
ripen with any certainty; but the King Philip, the White Flint, the Dutton, and
the improved Dutton as well as a number of other varieties, all good and reliable,
are just as certain to ripen here, as the Illinois variety is to ripen in that state. As
regards grass and hay which are the foundation of all truly successful farming, this
county has but very few equals and no superiors in the state.
In addition to these advantrges the land is rolling and well watered. There are
but few farms of one hundred and sixty acres or more, but what have a natural
supply of water upon or near by them, and the number is still less where an abundant supply can not be obtained by digging from fifteen to twenty-five feet. These
things point toward successful dairying. It is undoubtedly true that this is in
reality one of thebest counties in the state for that purpose.
But very little has been done thus far in this branch of farming, and there is of
course an excellent openinghere for intelligent and enterprising men to make
themselves comfortable homes, and establish both themselves and their families in
a permanent and successful business. For the various root crops of our latitude,
this county certainly has no superior in the state. This has perhaps been shown at
her exhibitions at fairs of late years, as well as at other places. In 1875, one of her
growers made an exhibit of his root crops, at the state fair in Milwaukee. He carried off a larger number of premiums than any other exhibition. The Northern Wis



History of B-rcwn-n  C:unty.                         261
cousin Agricultural Association which holds its annual fairs at Oshkosh, and which
has always been famous for its splendid exhibitions of vegetables, and root crops,
llnd has held six annual fairs, has awarded her highest premiums to growers in
this county every year with a single exception. That one exception was in favor of
the gardener of the State Asylum, at Oshkosh-Brown County coming in for the
second premium.
In apple- ulture, the county can hardly be said to be either better or wors? than
its neighbors. A variety of circumstances have conspired to render apple-growing
in this county and state, not as successful as it was fondly hoped a few years since
that it would be. It is now believed by our best fruit growers, that with our present knowledge of what varieties will succeed, and what will not, as well as what
locations to select. apple-growing in many places in,this county will not only be
successful but profitable. In or about 1860, a little pear orchard of from forty to
fifty trees was set upon some high and dry land, about two miles from the city of
Green Bay. They commenced bearing about 1867. Since that time they have
borne annually; some years the crops have been immense for trees of their size and
age. They have endured the late terrible winters, and are nearly all of them alive,
bringing forward their annual crop of fruit to-day. It is believed that this is th'
best sample of pear trees in the state, and there is no known reason why hundreds
of other places within the county would not produce equally good crops of this delicious fruit. As regards the small fruit, it is only necessary to say a few words.
One of the strawberry growers here, who has for many years been well known for
his uniformly large and excellent crops of this fruit, during the summer of 1875.
measured off an exact quarter of an acre of ground, and kept a strict account of the
product. The result was three thousand five hundred and seventy-one quarts of
berries, or at the rate of four hundred and forty-six and a half bushels per acre.
This is believed to be the largest crop ever reported from one fourth of an acre in
the United States. Such results as this, in a climate and upon a soil not adapted
to it, would be simply impossible. Raspberries also do well. Grape-culture is still
in its infancy, although enough has been done to demonstrate the fact that some of
the finest varieties now grown in the United States, at least east of the Rocky Mountains, are perfectly at home in this county. Among, these may be mentioned the
Deleware, Concord, Creveling, Diana, and all of the best varieties of Rogers'
hybrids, as well as others that need not now be named. The old red and white
Dutch currants, with reasonable culture, are almost as sure to yield a large crop as
the seasons are to roll around. In location, this county is not excelled by any one in
the northwestern states. Green Bay with the best harbor of the lakes almost in
her centre, where vessels may be laden for our eastern ports, or may run direct to
London or Liverpool; two railroads running.south and connecting with the great
eastern lines; one running north directly into the heart of the lumbering and mining regions, where immense quantities of supplies are, and always must be wanted
beyond what they can themselves produce, gives her and must, at least for many
years to come, continue to give her a very desirable market for all her surplus produce. We have thus in brief stated, as it appears to us, the agricultural capacity




262             The American  Sketch  Book.
of this county. There really seems to be no good reason, why she should not in the
not distant future take her place amonk the first agricultural counties of this flourishing and prosperous state.
Mr. J. M. Smith has been an energetic and worthy citizen of Green
Bay since 1854. He is a native of Morristown, New Jersey, where he
was born December 13th, 1820. He was elected a member of the
Board of his native place, served as long as the law would allow, and
after a year's retirement was re-elected to the same office.
It is a fact, of which the people of Brown County must not lose
sight, that not many years hence the timber will be exhausted. It
therefore behooves them with one accord to encourage the development of its other vast resources. It has a variety of soil, clay predominating, and is particularly adapted to-grass and clover which
spring up naturally when the timber is cleared away. There is no
reason that dairying should not be carried on to a great extent. It is
a branch of industry waiting for some enterprising parties to develop
and bring into successful operation.
While we are giving descriptions of Brown County, we must not
lose sight of "Jim Sweet's Island" in Fox River between the De Peres.
Jim Sweet took up his residence at De Pere, in 1834. He calls himself a child of nature and says that there is the same difference
between him and people in general that there is between a partridge
and a tame fowl. He aims to be facetious and sometimes succeeds,
though in an uncouth and odd way. He is said to be quite ingenious,
and to have laid many schemes for his own aggrandizement, which
through mismanagement have generally amounted to nothing. He
seems to be a very easy victim of deception, and the fun loving people lose no opportunity of having a laugh at his expense. One of his
chimeras is the belief that he is the owner of a sandbar or island in
the Fox River between the De Peres. At low water, and at the ebb
of the tide, a portion of the bar is comparatively dry; but at all other
times it is covered with from two to six feet of water. He has named
his possessions (?) the Fox Center, and has laid it out into lots (on
paper) many of which he has sold. But he adds sorrowfully, when
telling of the various sales, that he has never been able to get his pay
for one of them. The writer is informed that in 1851, he made,
through some pretended friends, a formal application to government
for a grant of the island; but those with whom the business was




History  oJf  Brown  County.                   263
entrusted, never forwarded the document to Washington.  They
obtained an old land patent, and, carefully erasing the original writing, they filled the space with a description of the property desired,
which was thus apparently deeded to Sweet.  The patent was dated
at Washington, and bore the United States' seal. Hence it is not surprising that the poor fellow was so completely deceived, especially as
the deception was continued by others making pretended purchases ol
the lots, designated by a chart, which some one drew for him. He
says that the Northwestern Railroad promised to build the De Pere
depot on Fox Center; but like many another promise of that Road,
that promise was made to be broken.  Mr. Sweet has since conceived
the idea of converting the island into a park.  It is quite possible
that a century hence it will be available for some such use, more likely
for ware houses, since by that time De Pere and Green Bay will probably join, and every spot, where a building can be erected, will be put
to use. Thus poor Sweet's dreams may be realized after he is with
"the things that were."
Mr. Sweet has had many adventures since his coming to De Pere.
Several years ago, a hurricane swept over the country, demolishing his
cabin, which at that time was the only building in what is now known
as West De Pere.  The hurricane occurred in the night, and, coming
from the west, carried the logs, of which the cabin had been made,
across the dam to the other side. Sweet, in undress, was obliged to
bear them  company. He used his arms as balancing poles to keep
from going over the dam. In the midnight darkness, with the howling tempest above his head an  the angry waters beneath his feet,
himself ghostly white, with his Arms widely stretched, he must have
looked like the wraith of the storm.
James Millar, a Scotchman and an old citizen of De Pere, furnished
an account of the same hurricane that was so disastrous to Jim Sweet.
Some extracts are made from the article, the whole being too long for
insertion here:
"In the summer of 1857, I was credited with building the first yacht put upon
the Fox River from this place. It was a sloop named the Clutha (the Gaelic for
Clyde.) Upon the memorable day of the hurricane, I made a trip in company with
John Roorback to the light-house, a few miles below the city of Green Bay, for the
purpose of hunting ducks. On leaving port, we hoisted the sails, heaved up the
anchor, which happened to be a large stone, (real anchors being scarce in those days,
except for larger crafts,) and fired our guns to let our friends know that we had




264                ie& Amrerican  Sketch   Book.
started. The cay was fair, and, in due time, we arrived at the light-house, but
without having killed any ducks. There Jack Roorback hired some Indians to do
his hunting for him, and we started homeward well supplied. On our way back, I
espied two ducks and took aim at them with my single barrel gun, then over a hundred years old. To our surprise, both ducks keeled over. They were the first ducks
I ever killed. Jack wanted to buy the gun, but I would not sell it. The wind
being fair, we made short work of our return journey, and at eight o'clock in the
evening, we had got as far as Morgan & White's mill, but a short distance from our
anchorage which we were not fated to reach that night; for all of a sudden down
came a squall fiom the south-west, followed by rain, sleet and hail. The heavens
were rent with lightning, the thunder roared, and such a war of the elements is seldom seen hereabouts. The darkness reigned supreme, except when the vivid
flashes of lightning coursed the heavens. In less time than I can tell it, we were
sailing back toward the bay; and finally ran aground at the toll gate beneath Captain Cotton's house.'We now jumped out, and, having fastened the Clutha, to a
fence with rope, went into the toll house. We were thoroughly wet and chilled, and
being unable to hire or coax the people there to build a fire for us, we started out in
the pitchy darkness and storin, in search of the Astor House. Here our efforts were
also unavailing in getting a chance to warm and dry ourselves, and we left for more
hospitable quarters. In the darkness, nothing could be seen, and after two hours
wandering, a flash of lightning showed us a house which we had just passed. We
retraced our steps and found ourselves at Captain Cotton's residence. Jack applied
for admission. Mrs. Cotton knew his voice at once, and called to Jim Howe, who
was in bed, to let us in. It was now midnight, but Mr. Howe seeing our deplorable
condition, fully sympathized with us. He furnished us some dry clothes and Mrs.
Cotton prepared us some supper. The meal having been dispatched, Mr. Howe
asked if there was any thing more he could do for us before we retired. We were
ashamed to mention it, but we finally said that we were smokers and were without
the article to smoke. Mr. Howe replied that no one in that house used tobacco, but
he would see if he could find any in the rooms which visitors had occupied. After
a short search, he returned with some good cigars. We then sat down by our bedroom window, and, while we smoked, watched the Clutha, bobbing up and down
at her mooring, when the lightning rendered her visible. We  etired at two o'clock
and at five, before the family was astir, went out to see to our boat, not wishing to
trouble the good people further, especially as it was the Sabbath. We found the
Clutha all right; but, owing to an adverse wind, we did not arrive at home until
three o'clock in the afternoon.
The writer will now attempt to give a sketch of the different towns
of Brown County.  The present county of Brown originally consisted
of but two towns, viz. Green Bay on the east of Fox River, and Howard ou the west.  From these, other towns have been organized from
time to time until Brown County now  comprises nineteen towns, viz.
Green Bay, Scott, Humboldt, Preble, Eaton, Bellevue, Allouez, De




History of Brown Oounty.                            265
Pere, New Denmark, Glenmore, Rockland, Wrightstown, Morristown
and Holland, east of Fox River; and Pittsfield, Suamico, Howard
Ashwaubanon and Lawrence on the west.
The writer is indebted for the sketch of the Town of Green Bay to
Xavier Martin,.Esq., a prominent real estate man of Brown County,
and, at present, president of the city council of the city of Green
Bay, who for six years was one of the early settlers of said town in
the capacity of school teacher. town clerk, school superintendent and
justice of the peace.  Mr. Martin carnm  to this country in the same
vessel as did the families who first settled the presenb Town of Green
Bay.
The small territory ot the present Town of Green Bay is all that remains of one of
the largest towns in the state, and up to the year 1854, the present city of Green
B.iy was part and parcel of said town, and its people enjoyed the privileges of paying taxes, getting married by its justices of the peace, of sueing and being sued, etc.
After the "secession" of the city of Green Bay trom said town, the said town ol
Green Bay was yet one of the largest towns in the state, its northern boundry line
having over twenty miles of shore on the bay; and it continued to be so until 1858,
when the present towns of Preble, Humboldt and Scott also "seceded "  Its area
up to that time was about ninety-eight square miles. The subject of our sketch is
so reduced in size that its territory is only about eight miles long and three miles
wide, embracing the following sections to wit: Sections numbers thirteen, fourteen,
fifteen, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, thirty-four,
thirty-five, thirty-six, in township number twenty-five north of range number
twenty-two east; also sections numbers one, two, threw, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen,
fourteen, fifteen, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, in townships number
twenty-four north of range number twenty-two east. These sections of lands at
the time of its settlement in 1853 were covered with dense forests of oak, ash, beach,
maple, cedar and pine, and these for about twelve years furnished the principal
means of subsistance to its inhabitants. Millions of shingles, staves etc., have been
manufactured by the hands of the early settlers, their wives and children, and by ox
teams were hauled to the city of Green Bay where they would find an essy market;
and thence be shipped over the continent. Its dense forests gradually gave way
under the axes ofits inhabitants. The wolves and the bears, which made sad havoc
among the pigs of the early settlers, and the Indians who hunted them, have all disappeared; and the town is now thickly dotted with well cultivated farms, substantial
homes, barns, churches and school houses. Its soil is good and well watered by
creeks and rivulets which empty into the bay, except a few which constitute the
head of Kewaunee River emptying into Lake Michigan at Kewaunee. Its soil
is well adapted for the cultivation of wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn and all veg table
cultivated in the State of Wisconsin.




266                Ihe American  SkeBetch  2Boc.
Tobacco of a superior quality is also cultivated in this town, and almost every
farm has a patch of the weed which the farmer cultivates and cures either for his
own use or for market.
Of its first settlers who immigrated from Belgium in 1853, a few lines ought to be
written, not for the many difficulties and privations to which they were subjected for
the first few years, but because the first eight families who first settled in this town
formed the nucleus of the thousand of Belgians who followed them in 1854 and 1855,
and settled the peninsula between Green Bay and Lake Michigan as far north as
Sturgeon Bay and even beyond; which territory now constitutes the counties of
Door, Kewaunee and the east part of the county of Brown. The namesof those
people who have opened the way to so many thousand intelligent and industrious
men, women and children, and who have contributed so much to the wealth of the
county of Brown are as follows, to wit: Francois Petinoit, Philip Hannon, Etienne
Detienne, Joseph Jossart, Joseph Moreau, Lambert Bodart, Jean Bt. Detienne and
Adrien Masy, all now living except one. These families sailed from Antwerp on the
18th of May 1853, and arrived in New York on the 5th of July and in Green Bay
in August of the same year. Leaving their families in the now city of Green Bay,
most of the men went out prospecting for their settlement, and finally concluded to
settle along the Fox River near Kaukauna; and were it not for a little incident
which occured in one of those families, the Belgian Settlement would in all probability be situated between Wrightstown and Kaukauna.  But it was otherwise
ordered. The death of a child in the family of Philip Hannon caused a delay of a
few days. The child was buried by the Catholic Priest of St. John's church in the
city of Green Bay, and on the day of the funeral, Rev. Father Daems of Bay Settlement happened to be visiting the pastor of St. John's church, formed the acquainttance of the families named and by the glowing description made by Father Daems
of the country beyond Bay Settlement, the little squad abandoned their first prospect, forfeited the entries of land they had made near Kaukauna and determined to
strike their tents in the present town of Green Bay.
With the exception of a few German families, the town is settled entirely by Belgians speaking the French language. They are chaiacterized as being hard working
people, perhaps a little superstitious and noisy, but as a rule making good farmers
and good citizens.
The town is supplied with two school houses, one Catholic church, one chapel and
one Presbyterian church.
At the present writing the large majority of the people are Catholics in religion
and republicans in politics.
A word about the chapel may be of interest to the reader. It may or may not be
generally known to the people of this state, that in this town and within fifteen
miles of the city of Green Bay, there exists a chapel and a shrine, built to the Virgin Mary to which thousands of pilgrim  worshipers come yearly from far and near
to offer up their devotions, and if we are to believe the reports of some of the faithful, many invalids have found a permanent cure which is attributed by them to the




History of Brouwn  County.                         267
virtue and power of the Virgin Mary; many having left their canes and crutches on
the altar, in the chapel, and gone home repeating,Ava Maria Gracia Plena Domi#us tecrn.
The building of this chapel and shrine deserves to be noted. In the month of
August, 1858. on the spot where the chapel is now built, there stood two small trees,
a few feet apart, between which it is said appeared the Virgin Mary. in person, and addressed a Miss Adele Brice, who was passing at the time on her way
home from church and to whom she spoke in the French language, requesting said
Ailele Brice to devote all her time to the service of the Virgin Mary, and the dissemination of the Catholic faith, and to build a chapel on this sacred spot. The
report of this strange apparition spread all over the settlement in this and adjoining counties with lightning speed, and the people came in large numbers to see
what they considered holy ground, and to listen to the words of said Adele Brice.
Without going into the details of this event, and its result, I will simply say, that
Miss Brice, for several years, met with considerable opposition from the clergy of this
Diocese, who declared publicly that the apparition of the Virgin Mary to Miss
Adele Brice was a "myth" and an imposition, and for a time the Holy Sacrament
was even refused to said Adele Brice for her perseverance, and assertion of this
strange apparition. But in spite of this opposition, the multitude would congregate
on the spot, and with said Adele Brice* would worship and even say niass on certain days. In the same year, a small chapel was built, afterwards achurch, and
now a chapel, church and even a convent, in which young boys and girls are educated and boarded for a nominal consideration. The Right Reverend Bishop of this
Diocese has never recognized the authenticity of this apparition, but has virtually
sanctioned the building of a church or chapel on the spot, and allows the ftiithfu
to congregate there for the purpose of worship according to the Roman Catholic
faith.
The Town of Howard was organized at quite an early day, probably
as early as 1838 or 1839.  (The writer can find no records to show the
exact date of organization.)  It is watered by Duck Creek (and its
branches) which runs across the southern  part of the town and
empties into Green Bay.  This creek took its name from the countless
number of ducks which used to swim upon its waters, appearing like
great dark rafts upon their surface.  Settlements were made upon
this creek at quite an early day. One of the earliest settlers was John
Marston, a fisherman and shingle maker, who began a residence there
about 1830.  Marston split his shingles by hand.  The same year,
John Hogarty employed by the government to cut wood and hay, also
took up a residence there..Judge Arndt built a sawmill on this creek
in 1836.  In 1837, William Baker, a farmer, settled not far from  the
mill.  A freshet in 1839 washed out the few settlers and obliged them
to find a home for a time in other parts of the county.  After the
37




268             The' A.-2'ricxn  QEet^(B^3'k.
flood had subsided, these returned and others began to settle along
the creek, where at that time was an almost unbroken forest —the
home of the Indians. Francis Irwin, Patrick Cummings and Wales'
Perrigoue began farming there about 1839. Four years later, Irwin
was killed by the falling of a tree. Both he and Cumlmings had been
soldiers previous to settling there.  Perrigoue, some fourteen years
since, was sentenced to state's prison for abuse of his daughters. In
1815, a float ferry was established across the creek at the settlement,
and a couple of years later, Judge Arndt built a spile bridge near the
same point. The first shingle mill in the town was built in 1846 by
Trowbridge, Gray & Root, who soon after sold it to L. M. Marshall.
Later, it became the property of D. Brunette and, while in his possession, was burned.
There are two sttlements on Duck Creek, and they-are about three
miles apart.  The lower one is quite a village. Here some twenty
years or more ago, a French Catholic church was built. A Green
Bay priest, Father Bonduel, preached the first Catholic sermon at
Duck Creek Settlement. In 1860, the'presiding priest at that place,'Father Napoleon Mignault, was instrumental in having a post office
established  there, which he named Velp, and of which he was
appointed post master. In December, 1861, he entered the army as
chaplain of the Seventeenth Regiment, and William Battershill took
the post office. At the upper settlement, there is an Episcopal church
and a few dwelling houses. The places of business are all at Velp. The
principal farmers in the town are David Cormier and his son Joseph,
who settled there in 1850, Joseph Hussin and son, John Salscheider,
James C. Delaney, Joseph Pringle, Williaiii Lewins, M. Brunette,
Stephen Burden, George Allen, William Pamperin, Joseph Lanweir,
M. Belchner aid'L. Crimps.
One or two incidents which occurred in the early days at Duck
Creek may be of interest. About 1840, two Indians, Skin-ne-ot-ter
and Bat-te-sick  got into  a quarrel while drink. Skin-ne-ot-ter
snapped his gun at the other, but it did not go off. Bat-te-sick then
snatched the gun and shot Skin-ne-ot-ter with it. The other Indians,
upon learning the affair, doomed' Bat-te-sick to die, but the white
settlers deprived them  of their guns. Still filled with feelings of
revenge, the Menominee squaws took Bat-te-sick, who was a Chippewa, and massacred him  by pounding his head and disjointing his




Histcry of  Brown  C cuntv.                 269
hands, thus making a horrid spectacle of the body, which was afterward brought to the Indian burying ground, and there left exposed to
view until some of the more pitying people put it out of sight.
William  Baker tells a curious incident concerning one, Alvin
Adams, an early settler of Duck Creek, who one day while on a raft,
and while inspired by a little "fire water," conceived the idea, that
with sufficient faith, he could walk on the water. He made the
attempt, but his faith did not hold out and he got a wetting. About
a month later, while in a canoe near the mouth of the creek, his frail
craft sprang a leak, and, being unable to make a landing, he was
drowned.
A rather comical adventure is told of one of the early settlers of
Howard-a stock drover, who on one winter's night became parted
from his companions and was eventually lost in the forest  Afttr
some hours of wandering, he came upon a single Indian wigwam, and
there asked shelter for the night. The occupants (three women-one
married, her man being out on a hunt) pretended not to understand
English; but he.showed them by gestures and signs what he wanted,
and they consented to his making one of their number. When the
Indians retire, they form a circle around the wigwam, lying feet to
head. The drover's place was at the feet of one of the younger squaws.
Some time in the night, he was awakened by the pressure of
her feet on his head, and forgetting where he was in his semi-unconscious state, quite likely imagined that a wolf was about to scalp him,
he threw up his hands and grabbed the squaw. The next mloment
there was a yell, and a minute later all of the squaws were on the
war-path. How they did jabber English, too. They used up all the
words in the dictionary, and a few others beside, despite their previous
assertion that they did not understand the language. He tried to
explain, but it was useless. They pitched upon him with their clubs
and drove him out into the mid-night cold and darkness, throwing
burning embers from their fire after. him, and threatening that if he ventured back they would have their men shoot him. The drover was
therefore obliged to: take up his quarters on the outside, and as he sat,
curled up in the crotch of a tree, waiting for day-light, his meditations were upol the uncertainty of human expectations.
George R. Cooke.and N. C. Foster, now among the wealthiest and
Lmlost influential nien of Brown County, commenced life as laborers at
Duck Creek, working in Judge Arndt's mill.




270            T7he American ASketcXh  Boock.
A settlement was begun in the territory comprising the Town of
Scott, on the bay shore, not long after the establishment of Fort
Howard-at least such a fact is mentioned by early writers. But the
settlement was made by French or half breeds, and the writer is not
advised of their names. Louis Corbielle, who settled on the bay shore,
in 1830, says that he found but two families there, viz: Louis La Resch
and Joseph Greenwood's. Louis Rouse and family settled there a little
later, as did the Rosseau family, Anton Allard and others. The first
American settlers came in about 1836. They were Van Rennssalaer
Marshall, William Sylvester, John Campbell and Robert Gibson.
What is now the village of New Franken, in the town of Scott,
was settled by Bavarians, the Burkhart family and others, led by
George Schauers, in 1845. On April 1st, 1850, the Town of Scott was
organized. The first town clerk was F. *V. Morrison, brother of the
present clerk, Peter Morrison. The post office of Wequiock was
established in 1856, with John A. B. Masse, as post master; and in
1860, one was established at New Franken, with George Schauers as
post master. The former now has H. K. Cowles as post master. In
1868, a third post office was established in the town. This was called
Bay Settlement post office, and F. Van Stralen'was appointed as its
post master. Its present postmaster is (regoire Denis
The town presents much fine farming land, the soil being a black
loam with a clay subsoil. Agriculture is the principal occupation of
the people. Some of the more wealthy farmers are B. F. Sawyer
John Campbell, Cowles & Bro., Robt. Gibson and H. P. Campbell.
Cowles & Bro. have a saw mill at Wequiock, and Ebling & Daly, a
grist mill at New Franken. E. P. Cowles is the inventor of a steam
wagon, which he patented in 1874, and which is said to be a perfect
success, passing over ordinary roads with the swiftness and ease of a
locomotive on a railway track. The town has two Catholic churches
and five school houses, and several business houses. The principal
business men are Cowles & Bro., dealers in lumber, dry goods and groceries; E. Schilling, wagon maker and blacksmith; C. Malliet, manufacturer of boots and shoes; Gregoire Denis, dealer in general merchandise; Christian Craanen, merchant, and Ebling & Daly, dealers in
flour and feed. Green Bay washes the entire western and northern
portion of the town of Scott, and at various points, are docks for the
landing of vessels and the shipment of produce. The celebrated Red




History  of  tBrown  County.                       271
Banks are situated on the northwestern shore.  The following description of them  and the legend concerning them is from the pen of Hon.
C. D. Robinson:
Upon a high bank, on the eastern shore of Green Bav, about twelve miles north
of the town, is an interesting earth-work, bearing a singular resemblance to military
defences of modern times. Its walls, at one time, must have been some seven feet
in height, or thereabouts, having a ditch or moat on the outside, and provided on
its three exposed sides with regular bastions. Its fourth side fronts on a precipice
of perhaps one hundred feet in height, whose base is washed by the waters of Green
Bay; and leading down this steep bank impassible at any other immediate point, is
what seems to have once been a protected passage of steps cut into the clay, and
perhaps covered with boughs of trees. This was the communication from the fort
to the water; and standing here now, it needs but little fancy to see those grim warriors of the olden time filing down their covered way, with less of the pomp, and
more of the nerve of the mailed knights of feudal days, issuing from their rockbound castles.
In, or near, the centre, are two parallel walls, about twenty-five feet long, which
were probably united at the ends, as there is some appearance of it now. It is very
difficult to imagine the use of this part of the structure, unless it was to protect valuables, or such inmates of the fort as were incapable of aiding in its defence. Had
th3 place been constructed in these days, it would have made a magazine of the
most approved kind. A few rods north, outside the walls, and on the very brink of
the precipice, is what was once, apparently, a look-out-a mound of earth, a
few feet high, now half carried off by the wearing away of the cliff. To the southward and eastward of the fort, occuping some hundreds of acres, were the planting
grounds of the people who inhabited the place. Large trees now over-grow the
ground, yet the furrows are as distinctly marked as if made but last year, and are
suprisingly regular. The whole work is admirably placed, and would do credit to
the forethought and judgment so necessary in correct military positions of modern
times.
This is the only ancient earth-work, it is believed, which possesses an undoubted
history or tradition, and that is but the history of its fall. Of when and by whom it
was built, there is no story-nothing but the persistent declarations of the Indians
of the vicinity that it was the work of red men long, long ago, The tradition
which follows, was related by O-kee-wah, or the Sea.'It was long ago," said
O-kee-wah —"I was so high"-placing her hand about three feet from the ground,
"when my grandfather told me the story. The Sauks and the Outagamies lived
in the old fort at the Red Banks. They had lived there a long time, and had their
planting ground there, and ruled the whole country. The forests eastward were full
of deer, the waters of the bay were full of fish, and they possessed the whole. We
(the Menominees) lived over the bay, (at the Menominee River,) and we sent down
the lakes, inviting the other tribes to come up and help us to drive out the Sauks
and the Outagamies. They came in canoes-the Chippewas, and Pottawattamies,




272               2The American  A5~kech  fBook.
and Ottawas, and many more. You see how wide this bay is; their canoes stretched
h ilf way across, the bay was half full of canoes, and each canoe was full of fightilg men; they sent their greatest braves. They landed here at the Red River, after
comning' aross from  Menominee, and for two miles along the beach their canoes
were so thick that no more could be crowded in. From here they all went, in the
night, to the Red Banks. They had bows and arrows, anl the heads of the arrows
wire of flint. Silently they paddled along until they came to the fort. and then the
canoes were stationed all alona in front, out of reach of arrows fromn the shore. A
part of the warriors staid in the canoes, and a part went on shorn and formed a line
around the fort, so that, with those on shore and those on the water, it was completely surrounded, and there was no escape for the people inside. So cautiously
was all this done, that of all within that fated fort, but one discovered ii. A young
woman, whose parents lived within the walls, had that day been given, against her
will, to be the wife of one of the Sauks living in the immediate vicinity. In the
night she ran away from his wigwam and went home, passing on her way the lines
of the besiegers. Rushing into the fort, she awakened her family, with the cry,
"We are all dead!"  The father laughed at her story, and laid down to sleep again.
"Just before daylight the battle began, ard it lasted many days. The besieged
fought bravely, standing in the trenches within the walls, and the blood was up to
their ankles. They had no water, for the supply was cut off by the party on the
beach. They tried in every way to obtain it. Vessels attached to cords were let
down to the water by night, but the cords were cut before they could be drawn up.'Come down and drink!' cried out the Menomlinees;'there is plenty of water, i' you
dare to come down and get it.' And they did go down many times. These taunts
and their great necessity made that narrow way the scene of many desperate sallies.
but all to no purpose. The besiegers were too strong.
"The heat of a burning sun, and the dreadful suffering for the want of water
became intolerable. Some rain fell once, but it was only a partial relief for those
who were perishing in sight of that sparkling water which was almost within reach.
At length one of the youngest chiefs, after fasting strictly for ten days,* thus
addressed his companions:'Listen!-last night there stood by me the form of a
young man clothed in white, who said.'I was alive once'-was deatd, and now live
forever; only trust in me, now and always, and I will deliver you. Fear not. At
midnight I will cast a deep sleep upon your enemies. Then go forth boldly and
silently, and you shall escape.'
"Thus encouraged, and knowing this to be a direct revelation, the besieged warriors decided to leave the fort. That night an unusual silence pervaded the entire
host of their enemies, who had been before so wakeful. So in silent, stealthy lines,
the wearied people passed out and fled. Only a few, who disbelieved the vision.
preferred to remain, and they were massacred with fiercer barbarity then ever,
when next morning the besieging tribes awoke fiom their strange slumbers to find
that their prey was gone."
*The Indian custom when desirous of supernatural direction,




Iizttory  of  1B7'own   Coun:ty.:  273
The town of Wrightstown is one of the most important in Brown
County.  It consists of thirty-six townships of admirable farming
land, and is crossed by the Fox River and by both the Wisconsin Central and the Northwestern Railroads.  Logs, stave bolts, wood, wheat,
oats, butter and wool are the staple products of this town,'and these
find their principal market at the village of Wrightstown.  It is
quite thickly settled,'and contains three flourishing villages,,iz.
Wriglhtstown, Greenleaf and Ledgeville.  The two latter villages are
stations on the Wisconsin Central Railroad and the former is -a wood
and water station on the Northwestern Railroad. Ledgeville has one
mill, that of Messrs. Blake & James.  It's capacity is 30,000 feet of
lumber, 50,000( shingles and 10,000 lath per day.  What is now Greenleaf was, previous to the advent of the Wisconsin Central Railroad,
known only as Day's mill.  But soon after the building of the railroad, a small village began to spring up, which has now several flourishing business houses.  It is in the center of a magnificent farming
district, and-is well watered by numerous springs, besides being convenient to good timber and building stone.
Wrightstown furnishes large quantities of wood every year for other
markets.  From the village of Wrightstown alonesome six thousand
cords of wood are shipped every winter.  Arthur Kellogg, an enterprising merchant and business man of that locality, buys and ships
every winter to Janesville some six hundred cords of maple wood.
The town has many wealthy farmers, among whom  it nay be well
to mention Nicholas Smith, N. Leavett, Dr. Ward, Jacob Hein, N. G.
Grant and Charles Finnegan.
The village of Wrightstown is beautifully located on the Fox
River, twelve miles above the city of Green Bay.  The river divides it
into East and West Wrightstown.  The land rises gently from either
shore, presenting avery picturesque view.  It is a busy little place
and its inhabitants are energetic, hospitable and social.  For a history of this charming locality, the writer is indebted to Mrs. Elizabeth
Dayton, who contributes pleasant articles to various publications
under the signature of "Beth Day." She writes as follows:
My first recollections of Wrightstown are rather cloudy, and indistinct, owing
perhaps, to the fact that I arrived here about ten o'clock one cloudy dismal night in
the latter part of November, 1858. I remember my first impressson was that the
village was a large black miu hole, like the one we had been traveling through all




274              TIhe American  Sketch  (Bccc.
day; but after a good nights rest at the only hotel in town, we found we could
count from the steps of that institution, one store, one mill, one shoe shop, three
barns, one nondescript building, usually dignified by the name of'ware house
(though why so named, I never could determine,) and eleven dwelling houses, the
latter occupied by H. S. Wright, F. N. Wright, Geo. Lee, Geo. Western, Mr. Fish,
Frank Zimmer, P. Costello, Dr. D. Ward, Mr. Kelso, Mr. Cook and Mr. Garner.
The latter kept the toll gate about half a mile below what was then called the village.
We could not see all the houses, but the people said they were here, so we took
them on trust and counted them in. The roads were crooked and narrow and of
an indefinite depth.
I remember n3 religious meetings, except funerals for some years. I am told
that the first sermon was preached here in 1846, by Robert Hayward. Several funny
stories are told of the first religious meetings held in Lawrence —one of the towns
adjoining this. One of the settlers died and as there was no one to conduct the
funeral services, it was decided not to have any. But a young man requested permission to read a chapter in the bible and sing a hymn. It was granted. Two
voices joined in singing the hymn, but there was no one to pray. A lady present
remarked that it seemed hard to bury any one without a prayer. They must
appoint a meeting in order to learn how to pray. They did so, and met at the house
of Delos Philipps; but no one volunteered to lead. Other business was introduced
and the neighbors'finally traded clocks. Another meeting was appointed. One
man, who still lives in Lawrence, knelt down and commenced a prayer, but getting
frightened and confused, he arose from his knees and left the house on a run, without the ghost of an apology. Elder Yocum, of Appleton, getting lost somewhere
in the neighborhood of Lawrence, was obliged to stay over night and, hearing of
these meetings, made an appointment which was filled by Rev. Mr. Sensiba, of
Green Bay, assisted by Thomas Peep, of De Pere, then a Methodist exhorter. This
meeting was more successful and many arose for prayers.
The land here originally belonged to the Menominee Indians. But in 18:30, the
Brothertown Indians, living in New York, became dissatisfied and obtained permission from the General Government to seek a new home with the promise that it
would sanction any treaty the Brothertowns might make with Western Indians.
In 1831, they sent a delegation west and purchased from the Menomlinees the tract of
land reaching from the section line above Wrightstown to the south line of De Pere,
and from Fox River to Lake Michigan, making a settlement near the ledge, eight or
ten miles from here. The land commissioners came west, examined the land and
refused to sign the treaty. They called the Menominee chiefs together and tried to
buy the land already sold to the Brothertown Idians. The chiefs refused to sell.
The commissioners then called a council of the minor chiefs, and recognizing Old
Oshkosh as head chief, bought the land of him. The Brothertown Indians then
removed to Calumet County and settled on the east shore of Lake Winnebago, opposite Oshkosh, where they still reside.
H. S. Wright deserves especial mention, as one of the pioneers in this part of
Wisconsin. He was born in Vermont in 1802, came west in 1833 and with his wife




Eistory  of    7-0roxn   Co:nty.                       275
and family settled here in the wilderness, five miles from any white neighbor. His
indomitable perseverance soon won for them a cosy home, and in a few years there
grew up around them a little village called by Mr. Wright, Bridgeport. In 1844 the
first mill, a water mill, was built by Mr. Wright, about one-fourth of a mile above
the mouth of Plum Creek.  In the summer of 1847, he built the hotel-now known
as the American House, where for some time he resided.  It was afterward leased by
two of his sons, Samuel and Fairchild, and again leased by Geo. Lee in 1854, since
which time it has been under the m:;nagltment of ten different landlords, the present
owner being Geo. Clark*. In 1836, the Military road was cut through here and the
l;nd came into market, the same year. Mr. Wright established a ferry, at this
time, and the place soon canme to be known as Wright's Ferry, which name wAas
afterwards changed to Wrightstown, in honor of Mr. Wright as the first white settHer. The business h3 followel at this time appears to have been hunting, trapping
and trading with the Indians, with whom he had established a sort of trading post.
Rumor has it that at that time cats were decidedly scarce among the early settlers
and as Mr. Wright possessed the only female feline in the settlement, he sold her
progeny and with the proceeds paid for his first forty acres of land. But for this
statement I do not vouch; if true, one of two things is apparent, either the price of
cats was exorbitantly high, or land was very low. One of the old settlers informs
me that he, himself, bought a miserable scrawny little kitten that could not stand
alone, for which he was obliged to pay fifty cents.
The first school was held in a log shanty, in 1842. It was taught by Miss Clarinda
Wright. There were about a dozen pupils, and here it was (oral history informs
us,) that L. B. Wright and L. B. Hendricks, for some childish misdemeanor were
tied back to back and stood upon the floor for the good little boys and girls to
laugh at.
The first boat propelled by steam, which passed here, was a small tug, owned by
Captain Hotelling, and called "Black Hawk."  It was an eastern canal boat with a
stern wheel, and came through as far as Little Kaukauna, where they were obliged
to get assistance to get over the rapids.  At the rapids above Wrightstown, it was
found impossible to proceed. My informant, Mr. J. Simonds, states that the
machinery of the Black Hawk was afterwards used in the first boat ever run olr
Lake Winnebago.  I am  not positive about the date, but think it was in 1841.
Some ten years after this, the Indiana came up the river, buit ran aground about a
mile below here and remained aground over night. The Pioneer ran to Kaukauna
for several years. The Kaukauna lock was completed in 1855, and in 1856 the
Aquilla passed, being the first to make the trip from the Ohio River to Green Bay.
The first saloon and store was established in 1857, by C. G. Mueller, in a small
building near the site of the large brick store which he now occupies. The first
shoe shop was established in 1858, by Frank Zimmer. The first physician was Dr.
David Ward, who came from Canada to Fort Howard, in 1831.  He was Post Surgeon for three years, and later came to Wrightstown where he still resides. In
*The American House was burned in December 1876.
38




276               The AnAerrican Sketch Book.
1855, the first steam saw mill was built by F. N. Wright & Co. This mill stood on
the site now occupied by the flouring mill of Kellogg & Bro's. Wright's mill was
burned in 1865. That year, H. S. Wright sold his entire property here, to E. D.
Smith, of. Menasha, and with all his family removed to Greenville, Michigan,
(where part of the family still reside,) but the climate not proving congenial, he
ret. rned to Wisconsin and settled at Omro, where he resided until his death, which
occurred October 7th, 1875, of sciatic rheumatism.
The village was first platted in 1866. In 1864, C. G. Mueller bought one hundred
a ndl sixty acres of land of Mr. Field, of New York. This is now known as Mueller's
addition to Wrightstown, and comprises over one half of the village
The first steam stave factory was built by May & Simms in 1866. This mill was
burned and rebuilt in 1867, was bought by W. McKesson in 1871, burned and
rebuilt in 1871, and again in 1874. Capacity twelve hundred barrels per day.
Employs forty men. The steam mill, known as Mueller's mill, was built by Wmin.
Morrill in 1870, was purchased by Mueller & Co. in 1871, burned in 1872, and
rebuilt by Mueller the same year; capacity thirty thousand feet of lumber, six
thousand tight barrel staves, ten thousand lath, one hundred thousand shingles per
day, and employs fifty men. The flouring mill of Kellogg & Bros, built in 1871, is a
custom  mill and grinds about sixteen thousand bushels of grain for farmers and
about the same amount of course grain per year. A planing mill was built in 1873
by Brill & Salscheider and employs six or seven hands. A brewery was built in
1868, by Otto Gutbier, burned in 1870, rebuilt in 1873 by Gutbier & Mueller.
Capacity five hundred barrels per year. Armstrong's mill was built in 1871, and
run three years. Capacity thirty thousand shingles per day. A cheese factory was
built in 1876, by Vanderheiden & Co.
The town boasts two large school houses. One built in 1874, and one in 1871;
one Catholic church, built in 1867. The Catholic society in 1867, numbered one
hundred and ten; at present numbers five hundred. The Lutheran church was
built in 1868 and has one hundred members. The Baptist church was built in 1870.
The Methodist society as yet own no church.
Fox River Lodge 1. O. of G. T. No. 532 was organize, in 1867 and has a membership of thirty-five. Fox River Lodge No. 237,. 0. of 0. F. organized in 1874, has
twenty-five members. The Riverside Juvenile Temple, No. 31, organized in 1875,.
has forty members.
We have a large hall built by the Turner Society in 1874.
The first drug store wa.s built in 1871 by G. W. Stickles, who still flourishes here.
The first bakery was started in 1873 by A. Dayton, and the first harness shop in 1869
by Julius Nitzer.
The town of Pittsfield, situated at the northwestern  extremity of
Brown County, is one of the largest of the nineteen towns forming
said county.  It was formerly a heavy forest district, but the timber iv
rapidly disappearing, leaving a fine farming region for such as will
cultivate it.  It is watered by several creeks, which  take their rise in




History  of  Brcntt' Ccunty.                 277
different parts of the town and, running together, form  the Suamico
River, which flows easterly, dividing the entire town of Suamico,
lying adjacent to Pittsfield. The southern part is watered by a tributary of Duck Creek, where, about 1855, or a little later, some ten mills
flourished and the place was kllowh as Mill Center.  George R. Cooke
and N. C. Foster, Sylvanus Wright and 0. Gray were the principal
mill men at that time.  Ex-post Master General, Hon.. A. Randall
established a post office at Mill Center, on August 2nd, 1867, and
appointed Sylvester Wright, post master, which office he still holds at
time of writing.  The great fire of 1871 destroyed so much of the
timber north, that the mills from that time began to diminish, until
now Mill Center has but three, viz. A. L. Sanborn's. L. W. Dunham's
and 0. Gray's. During the last five years, people have turned their
attention more to farming, and the town now shows some very large
and flourishing farms. Luther Wilson has over one hundred acres
under the plow, besides owns a fine residence and good barns. James
Potter an extensive lumberman and farmer, owns the most elegant
residence in the town.  A. T. Buckman, F. Strickenbach, T. Delaney,
T. Doran and F. Gothe are also extensive farmers and own fine residences.  S. Wight, also a lumber dealer, keeps a grocery and provision store at Mill Center. The town is well supplied with good schools;
and the German Methodists have lately completed a neat church which,
cost over $1200.
The Town of Suanlico, was formerly a part of Pittsfield, from which
it was set off about 1857. The soil is a sandy loam with a clay subsoil, and is of a very warm and fertile nature, giving abundant products of crops, adapted to the climate, such as wheat, rye, oats, barley,
corn, peas, potatoes and grass. The more hardy varieties of fruits
such as apples, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, currants and gooseberries,
can be raised in abundance.  But the natural advantages for farming
have been sadly neglected on account of lumbering, which gives quicker
returns for the labor and money expended, and which claimed all the
attention of the people as long as the timber was plentiful. But
farming and stock raising can both be made very profitable.
The water privileges of the -town are excellent, the whole eastern
shore being washed by the waters of Green Bay, while the Suamico
River runs eastward through the center of the town; besides which




278             The Amerio'anz  Sketch {Book.
there is a plentiful supply of smaller streams and springs of pure cold
water. In all of the streams speckled trout abound.
The first settlements were made in the town between 18446 and 1850, at
or near the Suamico River. Among the first settlers at this point,
were A. Sensiba who is still a resident of this town, Stephen Burdon
now of Howard, Mr. Kitchen who afterward had a bakery at Green
Bay, and Willard Lamb, later of Green Bay.
The first mill in the town was built by Judge Arndt, at a place near
where Joseph Poitras' tavern now is, on the bank of the Suamico
River where the bridge crosses it; the second was built by a man
named Wheelock, and these were soon followed by others until there
were eight mills, all doing a flourishing business, three of the best
being M. E. Tremble & Co's., at the mouth of the river; A. Weed &
Co's farther up, and Willard Lamb's at Flintville.
There are two post offices, each the center of a small village or settlement, viz, Suamico and Flintville. Suamico is a point where the
C. & N. W. R. R. crosses the Suamico River. Here are two hotels;
one kept by Joseph Poitras and the other by John Cook. The settlement extends from the depot to the mouth of the Suamico River, the
distance of a mile. There are also two taverns at Flintville, one kept
by A. Bouchard and the other by C. J. Lucia. C. E. Kanute, the post
master at Flintville, is also proprietor of a store there. The other
principal business men in the town are M. E. Tremble, lumberman
and merchant, whose place of business is situated near the mouth of
the river; Peter Krouse, merchant; and Munroe Brothers, lumbermen
and merchants, situated in the south west township of the town.
There are four school houses in the town, where schools are kept
about ten months in the year, and about three hundred children drawing public money.
About one hundred and fifty families are engaged in farming.
Some of the heaviest farmers are Neil Munro, Thomas Smith, David
Davidson, J. Verhulst, Robt. Vickory, John Cook, M. E. Tremble, A.
Sensiba, C. J. Lucia, Joseph Poitras, Paul Keiser and Alfred Wallingfang.
The writer is indebted to David Davidson, Esq., Chairman of the
Board of Supervisors for the Town of Suamico, in 1876, for the foregoing information concerning said town.




History of  Brown  County.                 279
Holland belongs to the southern tier of Brown County towns, and
was settled by the Dutch in 1848. The first settlers consisted of seven
families, those of Henry Heuvener, Martin Garretts, Henry Vanderhey and others, led by Rev. Edward Godhart. The following year,
some dozen Irish families among whom were those of Patrick Finnegan and Patrick Golden, settled in what is now the east precinct of
the town. A little later Maurice Sommers settled in the west precinct. It was then all known as Wrightstown. Others followed until
what was then a wild forest, is now a fine farming region, the soil
being of a sandy and clayey loam, well adapted to agricultural purposes. The Wisconsin Central Railroad passes through and has a
depot in this town; but the farmers do their marketing at De Pere,
Appleton and Wrightstown, as the roads and prices permit. The
only manufacturing institution in this town is the lumber and shingle
mill of John Bruren. There are two Catholic churches, fine edifices,
and five school houses. Its heavy farmers and prominent men are
Patrick Dockry, Michael Dockry, John Clark, John Spain, Daniel
Clune, Michael Brick, Joseph Franskee, Henry Freeman, Michael Sullavin and James Sommers on the east; and Patrick Finnegan, James
Golden, Thomas Finnegan and Thomas Finnerty on the west. The
village of Holland town is quite a settlement.
The first settlers in the Town of Rockland were James Hobbins
and Mr. Illebary, who settled there in 1850. The next year, their
number was increased by the advent of Maurice Ryan and Stephen
Joyce; and still a year later by that of G. G. Hannon, A. W. Foster
and Leonard Bone. This town contains about two thousand acres of
land with soil varying from a rich sandy, loam to red clay, and about
two thirds ofit is under cultivation. It is watered by numerous
streams flowing into East River. The only manufactories are a number of charcoal kilns, owned by the National Iron Company and the
Fox River Iron Company of De Pere.
The Town of Glenmore was set off from the Town of De Pere, in
1856. Its first settler was Samuel Harrison, who located in that
region about 1846. Its inhabitants, at date, are principally Irish. Its
manufactories are three saw mills, one built by Bersie & Bros., about
ten years since, which was the first mill in the town; another by J. S.
Stetson, in 1870, and still another by B. F. Smith, of De Pere, in
1871. Glenmore has one church, a Catholic. It has good farming




280            12e A rmerican  Sketck   Book.
lands, well watered. Its principal farmers are Michael Patten, James
Heiffernan, B. P. Brennan, Thomas Lawton, Michael Moran, Patrick
Bailey, John Healey and Cornelius Donahoe. Michael Patten and
Tim. Murphy were the first Irish settlers in Glenmore.  Mr. Patten
came in 1846, and Mr. Murphy in 1850.
The Town of New Denmark is the full township twenty-two, range
twenty-two, east, and was set off from the Town of De Pere in 1855.
It has a population of over twelve hundred; the majority of the people being Danish, and the remainder Germans and Irish.  There is
not a full blooded American in the whole town.  Among the earlier
settlers are John Bartelme, N. H. Gotfredson, Ed. Rasmussen, F. W.
Rassmussen, Casper Hanson, and M. Lewis. The town, which was formerly a dense forest, is watered by the Neshoto River and its tributaries. The soil in the eastern part is composed of clay and a black loam
mixed; north and west it is mostly blue clay and sand, nearly all of it
being good farming land.
A post office was established in New Denmark, about 1848, called
Coopersown, but afterward changed to Denmark.  John Bartellme
was the first postmaster. He held the office until 1863, when he was
succeeded by Julius Peterson who held it three years. John Bartelme
was then re-appointed. and is still serving  at date. A  second
post office was established in this town in 1871. It was named' Fontenoy, and D. Bencke was appointed postmaster.
The manufacturing interests are now represented by a cheese factory, owned by D. Bencke; and a saw mill, the proprietor of which
is N. E. Thompson, also a large farmer. The other influential farmers are Mike Bradley, N. H. Gotfredson, C. Hanson, Ayers Buchman,
F. W. Rasmussen, M. Lewis, M. Rasmussen, A. Arverson, Dennis
Dewane and John Meehan.  There are four stores in the town, one
kept by Thomas Fagan and another, just across the road, kept by D.
Bencke; Leopold Kellner and Mr. Byer also have stores.
M. Lewis, the town clerk, gives the information that there are good
schools in all of the six school districts. District No. One registers
one hundred and eight pupils, and district No. Three, one hundred and
five. The town also has a military company, drilled and uniformed,
which was organized in Junle 1875, and which conducted the centennial celebration of that town.




History of  Brown  Countmy.                  281
The public buildings consist of two churches, a town hall and six
school houses.
The first settlers in the Town of Eaton came about 1855. They
were Patrick Carney, Patrick Burns, Jas. Kehoe, Mr. Jackson, William
Colret, Michael Day, Mr. Me Avery, J. Gradey and Mr. Ditmer. These
were soon after followed by Danes, Belgians, Polanders, Germans and
Irishmen who have settled up the town to a considerable extent. At
that time, Eaton was a part of the Town of De Pere, from which it
was set off about 1860. The soil is light and loamy, and is covered by
maple and beech timber. It is watered by the Neshoto River and
numerous creeks. There is a beautiful little sheet of water in this town
known as Lilly Lake, and here J. W. Woodruff & Sons have a saw mill.
There is also another saw mill in the town, the property of Mr.
Benjamin.
The Town of Bellevue formerly included the Town of Allouez,
which was separated from it in 1873. The territory now composing
it, comprises that portion of the former town lying east of East River,
in all but little more than eight thousand acres of land. A part of
this land is known as the "lost section." For some cause unknown,
it was never brought into market like other government lands. It
was, however, settled upon by Germans and Hollanders from 1851
until 1855, who remained upon it under the pre-emption law until
May. 1865, when it was conveyed to them by an act of Congress at
$1.25 per acre.
The settlement of the territory comprising the present Town of
Bellevue was commenced, about 1850, by the following industrious Germans who are now its heaviest farmers: Nicholaus Schlay, Sylvester
Boehm, J. Boehm, M. Huempfner, F. Hammes, J. Boerschinger, H.
Magdlung, A. Anhauser, M. Wald and John Conley. Later, other
settlers came in, and now the population is mostly composed of Belgians and IIollanders, with a few Germans, Canadians and Bohemians.
The town has two school districts, but the school houses are not in
very good condition. It is watered by the beautiful stream known as
Devils. or East River and its tributaries from the east. Three mills
were formerly situated on this river within the boundaries of the
present town of Bellevue. One of these, owned by J. Ritchie, has
been removed; another belonging to C. Delvaux, was destroyed by an
explosion of its boilers; the remaining one belongs to J. W. Wood



282            l7he AAmerican  7Sketch (Book.
ruff & Sons, and is doing a good business. The soil is fertile, particularly in the valley portion. The eastern part of the town is hilly,
but all is well adapted to farming purposes. The larger portion of
the land is already occupied by actual settlers; but there is but one
place in town where liquor is sold.
For the foregoing information, the writer it indebted to Phillip M.
Wirth, one of the prominent men of Bellevue.
The Town of Allouez was formerly that part of the town of Bellevue, situated west of East River, and separated from  it in 1873. It
was here that the historic Shanty Town was located, and accordingly
its earlier history has already been given. The Shanty Town of old
has dwindled down to a mere settlement, comprising a few of the
ancient land marks mingled among buildings of a later date. The
manufacturing establishments are the Hub and Spoke Factory, built
by Irvine Ballard, just on the borders of De Pere, a very large and
flourishing institution; and a large brewery near the former site of
Shanty Town, built and owned by Aug. Hochgrave.  The town lies
bordering Fox River, lengthwise, and along the entire western boundary runs the Wisconsin Central Railrioad. The soil is excellent. The
land is in a great measure owned by citizens of Green Bay. The
Cadle Home farm is situated in this town.
Morrison is a full town, containing thirty-six townships, and is situated in the southern part of the county. It is watered by numerous creeks and the soil is in general, well adapted to agriculture. The
town is well timbered by both hard wood and pine, but as yet, has no
convenient market. About four sections consist of a cedar swamp.
The first settlers of the Town of Morrison were A. J. Morrison and
wife, who date their time of settlement there on February 8th, 1851.
On the 17th of the April following, their first child was born, and
this was the first white child born in that town. In 1855, Mr. Morrison sold out his property and removed to Wrightstown where he now
resides. The person who bought him  out was Phillip Falck, who
started a store there. Upon the establishment of a post office at that
point, Mr. Falck was appointed postmaster. He has always been considered the most prominent business man in town. About 1853, John
and James Clark settled in Morrison and engaged largely in farming.
John Clark was one of the first town officers. The first town clerk
and first justice of the peace was Michael Quinn, who was also one of




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Iistory of  BaZrotv   Co0 nty.               287
the early settlers. Among other prominent farmers, who have since
settled there, we might mention John G. Gross, John Hickey, John
Lemke, Jerry Branin and John Malloy   The Town of Morrison hs
two post offices, two saw mills and three stores.
Humboldt is a full town lying north of Eaton. It contains some
very valuable farming land and is watered by the Searboro creek and
other small streams. It is settled by a hardy, industrious class of
foreigners, who are building up good homes and fortunes for themselves and families.
Ashwaubenon is a small irregularly shaped town lying on the west
side of Fox River, opposite Allouez. The Ashwaubenon creek is the
principal stream running through the town. The Chicago & Northwesters Railroad passes along the entire eastern shore. A great portion of the land is owned by parties belonging to Green Bay, Fort
Howard and De Pere. A part of West De Pere extends into the town
of Ashwaubenon.
The leading historical incidents relating to the various towns have
been given in the general history. Preble, Lawrence, De Pere, etc.,
have much of their early history in common with the cities and villages which have represented them. The following comprises the
present business of Preble: Cedar Creek, flouring mill, T. Smith,
proprietor; a flouring mill owned and run by A. Deuster; H. A. Straubel's hotel; P. Hogan's hotel, and two extensive trout ponds, owned
by Mark English and F. Hagen, respectively. Sometime during 1876
a portion of the town of Preble was taken into the limits of the city
of Green Bay and three more wards organized in said city, making in
all nine wards.
40




288           lhe A meTican  7Sketch DBcok.
CHAPTER XI.
BEGINNING OF THE CENTENNIAL YEAR.-DECORATION I)AY.-CENTENNIAL FOURTH OF JULY.
NEW Year's Day, of the Centennial year, was fitly observed throughout
the county in spite of asoaking rain-storm  which prevailed. The
newspaper offices of Green Bay sent out their regular addresses; that
of the State Gazette was a unique and beautiful design- a handsome
specimen of typography-every' way appropriate and worthy of the
Centennial year. It was the handiwork of James Kerr, the foreman of Ihe Gazette; and the poetical effusion was from the pen of J.
H. Nevins, a gentleman of fine talents and well known as a contributor to both eastern and western publications.
A few days later, Geo. E. Hoskinson, editor of the Gazette, who
had, a short time previous, been appointed United States Consul to
Kingston, Jamaica, bade good bye to his numerous friends and sailed
for the scene of his new labors. A few words here concerning this
gentleman:
Geo. E. Hoskinson was born at Akron, Ohio, May 17, 1836. While
he was yet young his father and mother emigrated to Beloit, in this
state, being among the pioneers of that place. Mr. Hoskinson, who
early evinced a fondness for books and study, in due time entered
upon a course in Beloit College, being among the earlier students of
that then young institution. He pursued his studies through the
successive classes, and finally entered on the senior year. When
within a few weeks of graduating, some incident compelled him,
reluctantly, to drop his studies and begin the battle of life at a distance from those scenes. He obtained employment for a time in New
York, and afterwards went to Chicago. While in the latter place, in
the year 1856, a friend, D. H. Mills by name, had a large stock of
goods to dispose of and offered Mr. Hoskitlson the responsibility of
selling them. They were at a loss just where to take the goods, and
after having about settled on some southern point, were one day,
strolling in the vicinity of the river, when the sign "Green Bay Lum



fHistory of (Brown  COoznty.                  289
ber," attracted their attention.  They were led to make inquiries;
learned of the heavy lumbering interests of this region; how the tide
of immigration was setting in here, and the companies of Germans,
Belgians and other nationalities that were constantly arriving. Times
in Green Bay were represented as good, and money as being plenty.
This, apparently, was the point for their business, and the goods,
already directed elsewhere, were at once re-marked and shipped here.
Thus began Mr. Hoskinson's business life in Green Bay. He managed Mr. Mills' business successfully, was subsequently given an interest in, and finally purchased the business-that of dry goods. August
27th, 1860, he married Miss Callie King, daughter of Dr. D. W. King,
of Green Bay. In 1867, he sold out, to Messrs. Skeels & Best, his dry
goods establishment, who then commenced business in Green BayMr. Hoskinson next turned his attention to the shingle trade and
purchased an interest with L. Beard, in a mill on the Shawano road.
He subsequently disposed of this interest, and engaged in the commission business, which he continued until about 1874. In the meantime,
on January 1st, 1870, he acquired an interest in the State Gazette
newspaper, and in company with D. I. Follett, continues its publication. Until receiving an appointment that called him from home,
he occupied the editorial chair of the Gazette, and held a distinguished position among the editorial fraternity of the state. In the
Presidential campaign of 1872, Mr. Hoskinson was assigned a position on the Republican electoral ticket from this congressional district. Daring the years 1873 and 1874, he was Grand Secretary of
the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Wisconsin. January 29th, 1876, he received commission as United States Consul to
Kingston, Jamaica, and on the 24th of the same month he left Green
Bay to proceed to the scene of his new duties. He is still resident
consul at Jamaica.  Mr. Hoskinson's tastes and habits fitted him
peculiarly for literary pursuits. His range of reading has been extensive, and in books he finds his highest pleasures. As a writer, his style
is striking and finished.  A clear and original thinker, and of impulsive tendencies, he is calculated to be a leader in sentiment. He is
a radical in his views. He abominates "policy" or temporizing; is
frank in his utterances and in dealing with questions of a public
nature takes a direct course. Of matured judgment, accompanied




290             The American  S cetch   Book.
with a facility of thought and expression, he excels in editorial labora labor which enlists his sympathy and tastes more than any other.
On March 16th, 1876, Post No. 15, of the Grand Army of the Republic was established at Green Bay. It was named after the late Governor
Harvey. The following are the present officers: T. B. Catlin, Post
Commander; L. J. Billings, Sen. Vice Post Commander; C. F. Wallwitz, Jun. Vice Post Commander; James Kerr, Quartermaster; J D.
Lawe, Officer of the Day; George C. Sager, Officer of the Guard; John
B. Eugene, Post Adjutant.
During the month of April, J. V. Suydam surveyed a tract of land
embracing some four hundred acres and known as the Newberry estate,
adjoining the city on the east, which he platted as an addition to the
city of Green Bay.
The result of the April election for the cities of Green Bay and
Fort Howard, and for the De Pere villages was as follows:
Green Bay:-Mayor-Fred S. Ellis; Chief of Police-A. Durocher,
City Clerk-J. R. Morris; City Treasurer-Aug. Brauns; City Attorney-O. B. Graves; Assessor-Thomas Bennett; Police Justice-H.
E. Eastman; Justices-David Grignon, A  G. M. Masse, C. H. Kies;
Aldermen-D. Fl atley, A. G. E. Holm-s, Joseph Brown, Xavier Martin
P. Parish, Henry Rahr, A. Delforge, Joseph Nick, F. Pireaux. City
of Fort Howard:-Mayor-Geo. Richardson; Treasurer-Robt. Chappell; Assessor-Patrick Hanrahan; President of the Council-David
M. Burns; Aldermen-H. Cornell, Peter Servais, James Tiernan, C.
Schwarz, R. J. Black, E. Sorenson. Village of De Pere:-PresidentE. W. Arndt; Trustees- Henry Phelps, William Armstrong, D. Donavan, J. H  Wheeler, P. Flanigan, Jas. Harbridge; Treasurer-J. H.
Scott; Assessor-Wmi. Gow; Constables-J. Hobbins, D. O. Neil. West
De Pere:-President-Wm. Workman; Trustees-J. P. Willard, Thos.
Jackson, A. Wassenberg, Max Scheuring, A. Smith, E. Farrell;
Assessor-H. Watermolen; Treasurer-John B. Collette; ConstableWm. Martin.
George Richardson, the Mayor of Fort Howard, re-elected in 1876,
was born in London, England, April 19th, 1830, from  whence he
emigrated, in 1845, to America, locating in Waukesha, Wisconsin.
In 1866, he was engaged to take charge of Elmore & Kelly's elevator
and docks. He was elected as an alderman, and subsequently became




gisgory oJ grc-un  Countv.                   291
President of the Council, in 1873; and, as we have already noted, was
elected Mayor of Fort Howard in 1875, and re-elected by an unanimous vote in 1876.  Before locating in Fort Howard, he had  frequently held town offices elsewhere. He is now engaged by the Green
Bay and Minnesota Railroad Company as their wood and tie purchasing agent. George Richardson is one of the live and energetic business men of Brown County, and as such must continue to rise.
The following comprise a list of the Brown County officials'for 1876:
Sheriff-Garret Bong; Deputy-D. Lee; Treasurer-Geo R. Cooke;
Register of Deeds —B. M. Berendsen; Clerk of the Court-John B. A.
Masse; County Clerk-M. J. Meade; District Attorney-John C.
Neville;  Surveyor-John  V. Suydam; Coroner —Wm. P. Call,
County Judge-David Agry; Judge of Second County Court-M. L.
Martin; Members of Assembly-M. Resch, Wm  J. Fisk, Denis
Dewane; Board of Supervisors —Green  Bay City-I. Lison, O. S.
Avery, G. A. Lamb, John Last, J. B. Jacobs, J. M. Smith, A. Guesnier,
H. Osterloh, J. Heyrman.  Fort Howard —E. P. Boland, P. Sheridaa,
Albert Gray, Jas. Faulkner, J P. Laird, Levi Howland. Village of
De Pere-B. F. Smith; West De Pere-Thomas Norton; SuamicoDavid Davidson; Wrightstown-Arthur Kellogg; Town of De Pere —
Peter Kolb; Scott —H. K. Cowles; Preble-Frank Liebman; Ashwaubenon-James  R ismussen; New  Danmark —N.  H. Gotfredson;
Allouez —Thomas Mc Lean; Glenmore-B. Po Brennan; Eaton-Jos.
Donk; Morrison —D. H. Martin; Rockland-Patrick Ryan; HollandPatrick Dockrey; Humboldt-W. Thielens; Town of Howard-W.
Battershill; Pittsfield-G. S. Lawrence; Lawrence — P. Boynton; Green
Bay-Francis Lardenois; Bellevue-A. Van den Heuvel.
J. W. Woodruff & Co. completed a shingle mill on Lilly Lake, in the
town of Eaton during the spring of 1876. Capacity 125,000 shingles
per day. The company consists of J. W. and NV. H. Woodruff, and
does business at 526 Main street, Green Bay.
Through the exertions of D. Me Cartney, D. M. Burns, N. C. Foster, C. B. Calkins, W. H. Williams, James Kerr, W. Bell, C. Allen
and others, a Presbyterian Church was established in Fort Howard,
this year. The first meeting was held at the residence of D. Me
Cartney, on March 13th, 1876. Salscheider's Hall was secured for a
meeting house, and the Rev. S. M. Crissman, of De Pere, preached




292              -7Ye American  Sketh  (Book.
occasionally, and interested hinmelf in the organization of the church.
On the 2nd of May, the church was fully organized; the address was
made on the occasion by the Rev. F. J. Rossiter, of Oshkosh, the Reverends Crawford, Curtis and Crissmmn  assisting in the ceremoniesThe elders elected were Messrs. Allen, Williams and Bell.  The
organization at the time of writing owns a lot with a handsome and
substantial edifice erected thereon; and is entirely out of debt.  The
ladies of the society provided the church with an organ and otherwise neatly furnished it.  The Rev. David Street is the pastor.  1).
Mc Cartney, D. M. Burns and N. C. Foster are the trustees.  C. B.
Calkins is Treasurer, and James Kerr, Clerk.  The Church has made
remarkable progress since its organization.
On May 1st, the management of Cooke's Hotel passed into the
hands of M. E. Cozzens, who is still proprietor at the time of writing,
and who has preserved the reputation, won for that fine hotel by J.
W. Hutchinson.
Decoration Day of the Centennial year was fitly observed in Brown
County.  A large concourse of people met at Green Bay to do honors
to the illustrious dead.  Some extracts from the State Gazette of May
30th, concerning the occasion are here made:
To-day all over the land a grateful people have united in memorial tributes to dead
soldiers. Fitting words have been spoken, the service of prayer and song inspiringly rendered, garlands tenderly strewn upon the graves, and by common consent,
the day made one of homage to those defenders of their country who have gone to
their rest.   *   *   *   *   *   Arriving at Calhoun Park, the procession
having formed a "hollow square" around the memorial tree, which had been
planted near the center of the park in the morning, the Commander of Harvey Post
No. 15, Grand Army of the Republic of this city, Col. T. B. Catlin, stepped to the
front and said:
"Comrades and Friends:-We are about to proceed with the ceremony prior to
decotating the graves of our comrades, and the G. A. R. have here planted a memorial tree in memory of our departed comrades who died in the defense of the right.
Let us unite with the Chaplain in invoking a blessing upon our undertaking."
The Rev. Wm. Crawford offered a fervent and appropriate prayer for the occasion. After prayer, the assemblage joined in singing "America." When the last
notes of this national air had died away, the appointed speaker, Mr. J. H. Leonard,
delivered in an eloquent and impressive manner the address, which was followed by a
national air from the Bay City Light Guard Band. Following this portion of the
programme, Mrs. Bella French read in a clear and distinct voice the poem which had
been written by this lady for the occasion:



History of DBrown  CcutZv.                          293
DECORATION DAY.
We are decking the graves, where the dead heroes sleep,
With the beautiful flowers of May,
And deep down in each heart is a mem'ry to keep
Through the years that are speeding away.
We are singing the songs, which the dead heroes sang,
And the drum has the music of yore,
When, among these same hills, voices pleasantly rang,
That are silenced in death evermore.
As a nation, we meet, with century's pow'r,
Which the tempest of war still survives;
Yet remember with feelings that sadden this hour,
We were saved at the cost of their lives.
We had fought the good fight, and the victory won,
In our struggle for Liberty's sway;
And of all the lands, that are under the sun,
None were blest, as was ours on that day
When dissensions arose-need I now repeat why?
There were chains in the land of the free,
And the banner, that raised its bright stars to the sky,
Had a stain that all nations could see;Had a stain, washed away by the blood of these menThe brave heroes, who, cleansing it, fell.
With the thoughts of this moment, we half live again
The sad morning they bade us farewell.
Oh! the mornings have come, and the mornings have gone,
(And the Father has numbered them.all)
Since they went to the beat of the drum, marching on,
In response to their loved country's call.
When our hearts, which were full of the bitterest woe,
Yet swelled with a feeling of pride,
For we felt, that wherever our soldiers should go,
They would not be found wanting when tried.
Oh! how slow went the weeks, and how anxious were we
For a word from the dear ones afar!
And in every paper, we feared we might see
They had fallen the victims of war.
You recall now a day-O, my God, who does not?When a husband, or brother, or son,
Was reported as dead-by the rebel bands shot,
Else disease had the victory won.
How your tears thickly fell all that sad message o'er,
Though you. knew but a line you had read;




294              lD  e  Am;. erzican  Sketch          BooZc.
On your lap lay the sheet, bitter tidings it bore
In that line-such a soldier is dead!
Oh! how weary the years of the future seemed, then r
And how dark, was the sky up above!
You have plunged in the world and seem happy again
Though you sigh for your lost soldier love.
You are not quite so selfishly sad as of yore,
For you see with a much clearer sight;
And your sky is fast growing as fair as before
That sad message brought darkness and blight.
But your hero-how proudly you name him so now!
He, who died for his country's dear sake!
You are weaving a garland,- to-day, for his brow,
Though his slumbers you never may break.
But how nmany to-day, whose loved ones are lost,
Have not even a grave they may own!
In some field of the slain, in the sunshine and frost,
Sleep their darlings, unmarked by a stone.
Yes, how many the graves, untended-unknown.
Where the loved and the lost ones lie low,
All undecked on this day save by wild flow'rs alone,
And the grasses which wave to and fro.
There is one that I claim-of a brother most dear!
Where? O, God, only Thou canst decide!'Tis bedewed by the rain of many a year,
And by many a sun has been dried.
For the sake of that grave and the dear sleeper there,
I will kneel by these heroes to-dayOh! how happy are they who fresh tributes may bear
To the graves of their lost every May!
0, my God, may the flowers some May be as bright
On the graves of the hopes that are dead!
And into each soul may the radiant light
Of sweet peace ever after be shed.
Music by the Fort Howard Cornet band followed the reading of the poem; after
which the ceremonies by the officers and comrades of Harvey Post, G. A, R. commenced by the order from the Post Commander-"Comrades, to the Front"-when
four of the members of the Post took respective places in the square. Senior Vice
Post Commander L. J. Billings, after placing flowers on the memorial tree, spoke
as follows:
"Comrades; in accordance with the request embodied in the Proclamation of the
Governor, and in obedience to'the general order No. 3, G. A. R. Department of
Wisconsin, we, together with our friends and fellow citizens, have assembled to pay
our annual floral tribute to the memory of our comrades who chose death rather




Eistory of Brocwn Oountv.                             295
than national dishonor. It is fitting that we, who survive and who have long since
stacked our arms and returned to civil pursuits, should devote a day each year in
commemoration of the services of those who laid down their lives that the nation
might live. As comrades of the Grand Army, and as citizens of the Republic, we
do not come here to revive sectional hatred and strife; we do not come here to fan
anew the dying embers of past differences; we do not come here to exult over a
fallen foe; but we come rather to pay our respect to the memory of those who, with'us, stood sentry over the nation during the Rebellion; we come here to demonstrate
by our presence and by our tribute of the first offerings ot spring, that with us, the
nemory of our fallen comrades is a sacred heritage. They died, that the victory
might be ours. They died, that the old flag might wave,over every state. They
died, and all this boundless country is ours, covered by one Constitution, governed
by one system of national laws, May peace be with us always, and may prosperity
pervade every nook and hamlet in the land.
"Comrades; after the battle of war, comes the battle of history. What you and
I fought for, we as citizens of the Republic ought to be willing to live for and stand
by. Nor should we be ready to retire until the great principles for which we fought
are crystalized in the history of our common country, With these thoughts then
and this resolve let us proceed to hang our floral offerings on this symbolical tomb
of our fallen comrades'"
On the conclusion of Mr, Billing's remarks, the Officer ot the Guard, Mr. Geo. C,
Sager, stepped from'the second front and depositing a wreath on the tree said:
"In memory of the honored and heroic dead, I here deposit these flowers. May
the lessons of purity which they symbolize, rest in our hearts and incite in us the
emotions of patriotism exemplified in the lives and in the death of our departed
ornmrades,'
Following this, Comrade J. B. Eugene decorated the tree, and then spoke as
tollows:
"We have planted this evergreen tree symbolical of the remembrance that our
comrades who have fought, bled and died in freedom's cause, are still fresh and
green in our memories, and we strew these beautitil flowers around it as a tribute
of our love and appreciation of their noble deeds. And as the fragrance of these
flowers ascends heavenward as a sweet, smiling incense, may our prayers blend with
it for our noble dead, whom we honor this day. These beautiful flowers will lade
and die, but the lesson thus taught by honoring our gallant defenders, passing
down to future generations, will never, never die."
From the fourth fio-nt, Quartermaster James Kerr advanced to the memorial tree
and placing a wreath of flowers on its branches said:
"Death comes to us all; none can escape his relentless mandate. The highest
potentate and the humblest toiler must at last take their places in the bosom of the
earth, and it becomes us all to be ready for the messenger whose summons we must
all obey. Our comrades, upon whose graves we are this day to scatter flowers, and
hang floral emblems on this memorial tree, thus to revive and celebrate the memorries of those who died in the performance of the noblest of duties, met the destroyer
41




296               oe Am&rcnz ESgged. (5~.
where every true patriot would desire to meet him-beneath the folds of our starry
banner, and in defence of that cause in which it is sweet and pleasant to die-the
cause of our country. As the grass will spring anew from the storms and death of
winter, and other flowers will come forth to take the place of these so soon to fade, so
be it ours, for ourselves and our descendants, to keep bright the memory of our
fallen comrades."
Following Mr. Kerr's remarks, the bands played a dirge and the ceremonies at
the park closed with a prayer and benediction.   *   *    *      *
During the progress of the procession the line of march was crowded with spectators, The streets were full during the entire afternoon, and the exercises at the park
were very largely attended. The various flags in the city were at half mast, while
many of the stores and private residences wvere appropriately decorated.
Daring the latter part of 1875, and the beginning of 1876, there
were many daring burglaries committed throughout the county.  On
the night of October 25th, 1875, seven houses in Green Bay were
broken into.  Almost every night a robbery transpired somewhere
and the robbers escaped without being known or suspicioned. On the
night of June 18th, 1876, a burglar entered the residence of O. S.
Avery, on the corner of Gherry and Jackson streets, Green Bay. The
noise he made trying to open the blinds attracted Mr. Avery's attention.  The latter watched his chance carefully, with a small revolver
in hand, and while the burglar was raising the window, fired through
the half open slats of the blind.  He heard the man jump and retreat,
but did not know whether his shot had been well aimed or not.  But
Captain Denis, of the tug, Botsford, while on his way to the boat at
an early hour in the morning, discovered the body of a man lying
across the Cherry street walk, between Jackson and Van Buren streets.
The people in that vicinity were aroused, the authorities notified, and
the body carried to the Hook and Ladder Company's house. Justice
Masse was then informed and he impaneled a jury, and summoned
Doctors Brett and Marchand to hold a post mortem examination.  It
was soon found that the ball had hit the fellow's heart. While making the examination, Dr. Brett found on the man, some clothing
which he himself had lost through a burglar some months before.
The body was first recognized about noon by a little boy, attracted by
curiosity, and who pronounced it to be that of one Anton Eckl, who
lived near East River. The man's wife was immediately summoned
and  she  identified  her husband's remains.  Considerable  stolen
property was found at Eckl's house, much of which was recog



History  of  rown 0Conty.                          297
nized and claimed.  W. J. Abrams, whose residence had been robbed a
short time before, found all of his property except a watch and a
memorandum  book.  Mrs. Eckl was soon after arrested for having the
stolen property in her possession, but was afterward released for lack
of evidence of guilt.  The act of Mr. Avery was considered by the
coroner's jury, a justifiable one, and a vote of thanks was tendered him
by the people, for ridding the place of an outlaw,
The writer had a burgl r scare one night, not long after the last
event, which ended some what differently.  It is here given as told by
her to Frank Tilton, of the Advocate:
My sister and myself prepared for bed as usual-nothing very remarkable in that
only it begins the story. I told my sister to jump into bed while I put out the light,
which she did. The nlght was cloudy, and after extinguishing the lamp, I found
myself in pitchy darkness. But I groped my way, as best I could, and was soon
ready for a snooze. I had been writing on the Brown County History all day, and
had closed my labors by penning an article about a wild young scamp who had
found the body of a sailor, buried in the sands at Eagle Harbor, which he had cut
up, salted in a barrel and shipped to a worthy citizen of Green Bay. With my
mind full of this startling story, I went to sleep, and dreamed-yes, dreamed of that
very barrel of sailor, only I thought it had been sent to me. And while I was woi:
dering what I should do with it, for the fear that a murder might be fixed on rre
began to haunt me, a most miserable looking individual walked into the room, without so much as opening the door. I looked at him and through him, for his body
was transparent, with terror and surprise. And what did he do but unpack that
very barrel and taking out the pieces, one by one, began the rather puzzling work
of joining them together in order; commencing with the feet and building upward
until he had completed the entire body. Then he opened the dead mouth with his
two transparent hands and, inserting his head between the dead jaws, disappeared
in an instant. Thereupon the body began to move, to walk-yes, it was actually
coming towards me. In my terror, I uttered a scream and awoke. Gracious! there
by my bed stood a tall white figure. Thinking the vision was the effects of my
dream, I rubbed my eyes and looked again. It was still there, The moon, which
had come up in the night, though hidden by clouds, threw sufficient light into the
room to give objects a dim outline. The form did not move. Convinced now that
I was thoroughly awake, I began to think of burglars. Involuntarily I reached for
my pocket book, containing the silver half dollar, bearing the date of the Green Bay
city charter, which I had saved for seed, and also my railroad passes. I was determined-that a burglar should not spend my half dollar for whisky and then go traveling on my passes, if I could prevent. Still the form stood there, straight, white and
immovable! Suspense was agony. I grew frantic. With the terrible resolve to
know my doom, I reached out my hand and grabbed hold of the object.  One
instant and it was all over. The white thing was on the floor, and I was back on




298, t    A;rns ioan Stch  (Bcci^
my pillow, laughing hysterically. Here is the solution: (Our landclady had givenr ou-r
bed, in addition to the pill)ws, a stiff r)und bolster, which we always took off on.
retiring. My sister,. while I had been putting out the light. had snatched it friom
the bed and thrown it toward a chair standingo near. It had fallen against the chair
and, being Yery stiff, had remaineed standing there upright. Oviring to fie intense
darkness, I had not seen it on getting into bed.
The amount of business done in Brown County during the years
of 1875 and 1876, though not as great as some other years, owing to,'7.-~_______-__________ =_  -:'__          _     aged   well   witl
____The principal                 portions of wch was sold at C hicago. H is  ftrae 
the diffrent fisheries in the way of supplies will range about as folhas eployed the Steamer Northwest for by shore statei. Fe     o and i,_____ _              __       exam-nple  we cite
schooner, Lettie May, among          the   business eof
M           17           __   ___         r. M. F:. Kalin____.                   4l__Mi                      bachig  wolesale
~a ~~5I:sd                           H  __ i  d Howard, andC sue___                            _____    __ e2ssor in that busi-__                          B 3=;ness  to  Joel S.
Perhaps there is no more fitting time to eFisnd. The fhistory o- Brown
l )iounty memorandl  shows the nialount of his pcurcases and sales durhil e past yeawr: ewa    eiven   from p areen Bay and Lake Mfichigai
fialeieice, 28,0t)0 half barriel  salt fisht and 550,000 pounds fresh fish.
tIe principal portion  of which was sold at Chicago.  His trade wimth
the ditferenlt tishneries in the way of supplies vwill range about as follows: 16,000 enlpty fish barrels, 3,500 barrels salt, SE5,000 worth nlettings and twines; $ 3,00() worth cordage; $25,000 worth groceries and
)rovisieoils.  For the collection of fish and clistributing of supplies, he
has elllployed the Steamer Northwest for bay shore fisheries and his
schooner, Lettie d ay, am  ong te islands along the north end of Lake
pichigane
Perhaps there is no more fitting time to end the history of Brown
County than with the Centennial Fourth of July, which occurred
while this work was being prepared for press.  The following description of the Brown County celebration at Green Bay is taken from the
Daily Gazette, andl is as concise and perfect a statement as could be
penned:




History of Brown Coonty.                           299
Of a town that long ago observed its two hundredth anniversary, something
peculiarly fitting was expected in the way of a celebration of the Centennial of
National Independence. And these expectations were met in the fullest manner. A
committee, full in numbers and equal to the occasion, commenced in ample season
the preparations that culminated in the elaborate and thoroughly'successful and
enjoyable programme of Tuesday. Nature, which for days and weeks past had
assumed a forbidding aspect, favored the occasion and wreathed her face in her
brightest smiles, the day proving the most perfect that could have been desired.
Delegations fiom outside towns began to arrive on the previous evening and the
morning trains and boats bore large numbers who had been attracted by the prospective celebration. At an early hour in the morning, the city was thronged with
visitors, and the streets were fairly alive with people.
In the way of decorations, the citizens took great pains, and never before was the
city so gaily and perfectly decked. Bunting was displayed from public buildings,
residences and the shipping, and the national emblem in a variety of shapes was
shown in every conceivable place. The woods sent their offering and the business
streets were transformed into the veriest bowers. Mottoes and appropriate devices
were everywhere visible, and throughout the city the utmost of ingenuity and pains
were displayed in decorating.
The first thing on the programme was the grand procession, and preparations for
its formation were begun at an early hour. Chief Marshal Crane and his numerous
aids were early in the saddle, galloping from one to another point of rendezvous.
They rapidly brought order out of confusion and the several divisions were formed
in good shape. At a few minutes past ten o'clock, the order to march was given and
the procession got under way. The following comprises the order of procession:
Marshal and aids. Light Guard Band.
First Division-Major Levi Howland commanding. Zouave drum  corps; Fort
Howard Zouaves, one rank, platoon front; Light Guard drum corps; Bay City Light
Guards, same order; Artillery; Juvenile Cadets.
Second Division-Chief Engineer Louis Scheller commanding. Germania Fire
Company No. 1 with steamer; Guardian Fire Company, No. 2, with steamer; Fort
Howard Fire Company, No, 1, with steamer; Washington Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, with truck.
Third Dlvision-E. E. Stevens commanding. Golden Rule Encampment in
uniform; Green Bay Lodge No. 19, and Hermann Lodge No. 111, I. 0. O. F.; Green
Bay Turn Verein.
Fourth Division-Dr. H. Rhode commanding. St. Bonifacius Benevolent Society;
St. Patrick's T. A. Society; Juvenile T. A. Society; St. Joseph's Society; Scandinavian Benevolent Society; Oneida Band; Uncle Sam; Goddess of Liberty and Tableaux
of States; Mayors and Councils; President of the Day, Orator, Chaplain, etc.
Fifth Division-Representative trades, business, etc., viz: Duchateau & Bro.,
Bacchus; J. W. Woodruff & Co., lumber, with eight horses; J. Kalb, lamb
in wagon; Burkard & Tickler, planing mill; F. Crickelair, painter; E. Straubel,
brick-yard; W. H. Marvin & Co.. furniture; Light Guards menagerie, lion and




300               hze American  ASket~ch   Book.
tamer; Joannes Bros., grocers, two wagons, results cash and credit systems; (G. B.
Hide & Leather Co.; Lefebre & Co.. flour and feed; Fred Glahn, cigar manufacturer; Globe printing office, Root & Kimball; J. B. Last, hat establishment; G.
Gruenn, well drilling; Schumaker & Fay upholstering; M. F. Kalnibach, ship
chandlery and fish dealer; Second Hand store; John Beth, crockery; East River
lager beer saloon; Weise & Hollmann, crockery; The Daily Gazette, printing office,
Hoskinison & Follett; Kendall & Nichols, planing mill; W. G. Bruce & Co.. grocers;
Howard Foundry, Taylor & Duncan: Advocate printing office, Robinson Bros. &
Clark; Howe S. M. Co., Ingalls & Suydani; Oneida Indians.
The procession observed the following line of march:
South on Washington to Walnut; east on Walnut to Adams; south on Adams to
Crooks; east on Crooks to Monroe avenue; north on Monroe avenue to Main; west
on Main across the bridge, to Dousman, Fort Howard; west on Dousman to Broadway; south on Broadway to Main; west on Main to Chestnut; noth on Chestnut to
Elmore Park.
Arriving at the park, the officers of the Day, together with those appointed to
conduct the exercises, ascended the commodious stand, the Light Guard Band,
occupying a position on their right. After music by the band, an anthem was sung
by the Philharmonic Concert Company. Prayer by Rev. E. P. Salmon, of De Pere,
followed. Then Prof. J. G. Parkhurst stepped to the front and read the Declaration of Independence, giving it the full benefit of his strong voice and fineeelocutionary powers. The band played another piece and then the President introduced
A. W. Kimball, Esq., of this city, who pronounced the oration. To characterize his
effort as masterly and successful is but to echo the sentiment of the vast audience
who gave respectful attention throughout its delivery. The matter of his production was timely and in agreeable contrast to the partisan political harrangues similar audiences are for the most part subjected to. The oration was a finished one,
clothed in choice language, interspersed with dashes of humor and eloquent passages. Not one of Brown County's citizens who heard it but was gratified that on
this memorable anniversary,[the speech was from the lips of one bred here, and in
whom the community have a just reason to take pride. The oration concluded, the
band followed with music and then the benediction was pronounced. The exercises
closed with the singing of the Red, White and Blue, by the Philharmonic Concert
Company, the assemblage joining in the chorus.
The procession was then re-formed, marched south to Dousman; east on bridge to
Washington; south to Walnut and thence east to Newberry Park, where a grand
programme was mapped out for the entertainment of the crowd. The exercises and
sports here were wholly under charge of the Bay City Light Guards, who had been
to much expense in fitting up the grounds. And such another afternoon of pleasure a crowd probably never witnessed! There were booths and refreshment stands,
a menagerie and a shooting gallery, flying horses and all sorts of contrivances
to catch pennies and afford amusement. The Light Guard Band remained in the
park during the afternoon discoursing their pleasantest strains, and the T. A. Band
did likewise. Boats plied on the river, a dancing pavilion was filled again and




History  qf PBrowrn  Ooztnty.                        301
again with merry dancers; the park afforded pleasant promenades, and the amplest
opportunity for chatting, gossiping and flirting. A dining hall was maintained by
the ladies of the Cadle Home, and refreshment stands by the ladies of St. James and
St. Patrick's churches.
The attendance at the park during the afternoon is estimated to have been fully
six thousand persons, at any hour between two and five o'clock. As evening wore on
the crowd began to visibly increase, and the number present at nine o'clock must
have exceeded the above figures. The evening proved as perfect as the day, and
after its shades had fairly settled down, the park presented a beautiful appearance.
It was indeed a summer night's festival on a grand scale. Brilliant Chinese lanterns showed at every turn, flaming torches sent out their light and announced the
locality of various amusements. Merry groups were dispersed in all directions and
shouts of laughter and notes of pleasure resounded on every side. Meanwhile active
preparations had been progressing in the direction of the all-absorbing event of the
evening, the fire works.
The larger pieces of the display were firmly mounted on scantling and reared to a
position where they could be seen by all. The Roman candles and smaller pieces
were seat off from  a raised platform. This display of fireworks was by far the
largest and most elaborate ever seen in this section, and called forth expressions of
unqualified delight from all. We have no room to-day, to describe in detail the
beautiful variety of the display. A number of pieces were made expressly to order,
including the historical one that closed the evening. This latter one consisted of a
centre piece displaying the word "Green Bay" and underneath it an Indian paddling
a canoe. On either side were the figures 1672 and 1876. As our readers are all
aware, these fire-works were the contribution of H. J. Furber, Esq. The large
ctowd who witnessed them felt themselves greatly indebted to him for the generous
act and attested their appreciation at the close by a series of ringing cheers for the
donor.
The procession of the morning was the largest ever witnessed here and in its
make up was brilliant and imposing.
A pleasant feature of the morning was the presentation at the Armory, of a flag
to the Cadets, by Miss Emma Harris, and the response by Capt. Harry Furber. The
presentation and response were written by Mrs. Bella French and delivered by the
young people in fine style. We append both:
PRESENTATION.
A hundred years, the stripes and stars
Have waved o'er land and sea.
Since,'mid the deafening din of wars,
The nation's children swore
This flag should float forevermore
Above the noble free.
The ones who bore it then, are gone,Called to a higher sphere,




302               The American Sketch!Book.
Their feet have thither wandered on;
But they have left behind
A charge their children all must mind —
This banner they held dear.
0, take it, youthful soldiers, do!
Ne'er let it trail in dust;
But high above the free and true
Forever let it waveThe noble birthright of the brave,
The law-scroll of the just.
RESPONSE.
0, never fear!
This banner dear,
That above us proudly waves,
We will bear in hand
O'er the sea and land,
Till it floats above our graves,
Ah. loved too well
For foe to fell
Is this flag our fathers bore,
For those fathers brave,
Who this banner gave,
Have bequeathed us something moreBequeathed each heart
A noble part
Of the patriotic fire,
That has burned so bright,
With a changeless light,
On their altar of desire,
0, never fear!
Each bosom here
Will yet shed, if shed it must,
All its crimson tide
With a throb of pride,
Ere this flag trais in the dust.
following- this, Mrs. Bella French read to the Light Guards the appended poert
dedicated to them, at the same time decorating their flag with a garland of red,
white and blue flowers. The graceful act was acknowledged by the company coming to a "present."
0, how bright is all Nature, this beautfful morn f
And her subjects are happy, as happy can be,
For the breezes of summer,'mid orange groves born,
Come singing so softly the song of the free;




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FIlistory of Brown County.                           307
And the birds catch the notes-they are sweeter it seems
Than any of those of the yesterday were,And the flowers wake up from their innocent dreamsWake up with a kiss for the pure morning air;
And the butterflies, flut'ring the roses among,
Have added full many a ray to their gold;
And from sea unto sea the glad anthem is rung:
"Our nation to-day is a century, old."
0, thy shores, old Green Bay, flower-dotted with white,
All jeweled with dew-drops like costliest pearls,
Into splendor lit up by the sun's brilliant light,
Are pressed by the feet of fair boys and sweet girls.
They are flitting about like the lambkins at playDeeply red is each cheek and how bright is each eye!
0, how few are the clouds that have darkened their way,
And how few are the sorrows that cause them a sigh!
And by them, oh! how gaily the chorus sung,
While the ringlets of black touch the ringlets of gold,
As from sea unto sea the glad anthem is rung:
"Our nation to-day is a century old."
Yes, a century old! There are hearts older grown,
No longer the echo of sweet singing birds,
And about whom the winds of life's winter have blown,
That thrill with a joy at the sound of those words.'Tis the watch-word of freedom; the joy of the brave,
And the key-note of souls, all unselfish and true;'Tis the treasure that martyrs and patriots gave,
As a heritage, brave hearted soldiers, to you.
How each bosom Ahust swell, while the chorus is sung,
With feelings of pride that can never be told,
As from sea unto sea the glad anthem is rung:
"Our nation to-day is a century old."
0, our brothers and sisters, from lands o'er the sea,
America gives you a glad welcome here,
To the land of abundance, the land of the free,
The land to all patriots sacredly dear.
And none gives you one warmer, than does old Green Bay
To all hearts that are faithful, and earnest, and true0, then, sisters and brothers, from lands far away,
Lift your voices and cheer the dear "Red, White and Blue;"
Gaily join in the chorus, that's now being sung;
Let your singing be heard in tones, thrilling and bold,
43




308              1he American  SkeFtch  cBo7c.
As from sea unto sea the glad anthem is rung:
"Our nation to-day is a century old."'Tis a century since, that the lips, silent now,
A most weighty work pledged the owners to do,
And recorded on high by God's hand was the vow,
Then made by the earnest, the faithful, the true.
Yes, recorded on high, where it fades not awayAnd 0, beautiful star-spangled banner of outs,
For their sakes, we will weave you a garland to-day,
And will wreathe your bright folds with the bonniest flow'rs,
And while History writes, her fair pages upon
The name of this day in letters of gold,
From the sea to the sea the glad song shall be sung:
"Our nation to-day is a century old."
In the memory first of the heroes, who gave.
To their children the name of the free, we will sing,
Not forgetting'the ones who that freedom to save,
Of their strength and their lives made a full offeringNot forgetting the ones who have marched through the strife
Of a direful rebellion as conquerors doNot forgetting the ones who stand ready with life
To protect and to cherish the Red, White and BlueNot forgetting these soldiers who gather among
This great people, whose numbers can scarcely be told,
While from sea unto sea the glad anthem is rung:
"Our nation to-day is a century old.'
Noble Light Guards of Freedom, so gallant and brave,
Should the terrible moment be yours yet to see,
When'mid tempests of war this dear banner shall wave,
And when tyrants shall reach for the land of the free,
Well we know that your bosoms, with ardor aflame,
Will be cheerfully bared for the homes you adore,
And your bright, trusty steels will, in Liberty's name,
Cut from sea unto sea, and from shore unto shore;
And when many more years shall be numbered among
The ones of the hundred which backward have rolled,
By some Light Guards of Freedom this song shall be sung:
"Our nation to-day is ten centuries old!"
Thus ended the Centennial celebration in Green Bay. The occasion proved one
of unbounded pleasure to all, and not a single incident or accident occurred to mar
the proceedings,




-History of (oDrwn Oozmty                               309
APPENDIX.~
IIST OF THE PROFESSIONAL AND PRINCIPAL BUSIKES IRS FIRS OP
BROWN COUNTY, WISCONSIN.
PR OrF'ESSIONTAlx.
Cooper D. Ayres, M. D., office in Parish's block, Green Bay.
D. Agry, 1 County Judge and Attorney, office in the Court House, Green Bay,
Mrs. Lucy Arthur, Teacher, Dancing, Monroe street, Green Bay,
Rev. M. V. Averill, Pastor Christ Church, Green Bay.
Rev. T. F. Allen, Pastor Methodist Church, Port Howard.
B. C. Brett,* M. D., office over Cherot's Drug Store, Green Bay.
Dr. H. A. Brooks (Homeopathist,) office opposite Cooke's Hotel, Green Bay.
V. B. Bromley, Attorney at Law, office over First National Bank, Green Bay.
Business College,: Green Bay, Prof. A. C. Blackman, proprietor.
Levi J. Billings, Attorney, office in Chapman's block, Green Bay.
Willard C. Bailey, Attorney at Law, office over First National Bank, Green Bay.
W. H. Bartran, M. D. (makes a specialty of surgery. Came from New York to
Brown County, in 1869,) office corner Broadway and Main street, Fort Howard,
T. D. Bowring, Photographer, De Pere.
Father Brassoit, Pastor French Catholic Church, West De Pere.
Prof. J. F. Byers, Principal of Public Schools, De Pere,
Prof. L. W. Briggs, Principal of Green Bay Schools.
Prof. G. Clithero, Principal Public Schools, West De Pere.
W. C. Corey, Dentist, Washington street.  Established at Green Bay in 1870.
P. Carscadden, M. D. (Homeopathist) office one door west of W, H. Chapman &
Co., West De Pere.
Mrs. Mary Camm, M. D., corner of Cedar and Dousman streets, Fort Howard,
C. E. Crane,* Physician and Surgeon, Washington street, Green Bay.
Rev. William Crawford,*Pastor First Presbyterian Church, Green Bay.
Rev. D. C. Curtiss, Pastor, Congregational Church, Fort Howard,
Rev. S. M. Crissman, Pastor Presbyterian Church, De Pere.
Father De Kelver, Pastor Irish Catholic Church, De Pere.
Father Deloue, Pastor Holland Catholic Church, Green Bay.
~The History of Brown County closes with the Centennial Fourth of July, but the Appendix
dates January 1st, 1877.
iDied January 30th, 1877. By the special act creating the "Second County Court.,' the office
at this juncture devolved upon Judge M. L. Martin, Judge of "Second County Court," the
two courts being merged and hereafter to be known simply as "County Court."
*Mentioned elsewhere.
SAdvertisers and names mentioned in another portion of the History.




310               The Americcan Skcth  3Book7.
F. H. Dahl, Pastor Norwegian Lutheran Church, Fort Howard.
E. H. Ellis, Judge of Circuit Court, Court House, Green Bay.
A. H. Ellsworth, Dentist, office in Uncle Frank's block, Green Bay.
H. R. Elderkin,* M. D., corner of Cedar and Dousman streets, Fort Howard.
G. W. Emery, M. D., office Broadway, De Pere.
H. E. Eastman, Police Justice, Washington street, Green Bay.
M. H. Fisk, M. D., Church street, De Pere.
Charles Faber, Attorney, Fort Howard.
D. H. Grignon,* Attorney at Law, office on Washington street, Green Bay.
O. B. Graves,* Attorney, Washington street, Green Bay.
Rev. A. Gustavason, Pastor, Methodist Church, West De Pere.
Hudd & Wigmant (T. R. Hudd,l J. H. M. Wigtnan,) Attorneys at Law, Washington street, corner of Pine street, Green Bay. (Mr. Wigman a native of Holland, settled in Brown County in 1848, where he remained until 1863, when he
began the practice of law at Appleton, as an associate of T. R. Hudd. In 1868
they removed their office to Green Bay.)
-. J. Huntington, Attorney at Law, office in Chapman's block, Green Bay.
Rev. Dr. J. G. Henshall, Pastor Baptist Church, Fort Howard.
Hastings & Greene, (S. D. Hastings Jr., Geo. G. Greene,) Attorneys, successors to
Ellis, Hastings & Greene) office corer of Pine and Adams streets, Green Bay.
E. W. Hall, Photographer, Washington street, Green Bay.
Rev. A. M. Iverson, Pastor Moravian Church, Fort Howard.
J. A. Jackson, M. D., office over H. I. Wheeler's Drug store, De Pere.
Rev. D. O. Jones, Pastor Methodist Church, De Pere.
Ed. B. King, M. D., oTflbe Washington street. (Dr. King is a native of Green Bay
and a son of D. W. King, one of the earliest druggists of Green Bay.)
E. S. Kellogg, M. D., Wrightstown.
G. A. Lamb,* M. D., office Washington street, Green Bay.
W. J. Lander, Attorney at Law, office in Nau's block, Green Bay.
H. S. Leftingwell. M. D., (Practice limited to nose, ear and throat.) Pine street,
Green Bay,
G. F. Merrill, Attorney, Broadway, De Pere.
H. McLean, Attorney, Broadway, De Pere.
Dr. E, Martin, office Washington street, Green Bay.
G, E. Matile, Attorney, Washington street, Green Bay.
Morgan L. Martin," County Judge, office Court House, Green Bay.
A. G. M. Masse,* Attorney at Law and Justice of the Peace, corner of Pine and
Washington streets, Green Bay. (Mr. Masse studied law with Hudd & Wigman and was admitted to the bar in 1874.)
C. Martin, Notary Public and General Agent, 109 Washington street.  Established at
Green Bay in 1874.
John B. A. Masse* Notary Public, General Conveyancer, and Belgian Consul.
P. Marchand,* M. D., office corner of Adams and Cherry streets, Green Bay.
C. W. Monroe, Attorney at Law, office corner Main and Broadway, Fort Howard.
J. C. Neville* & A. C. Neville, Attorneys at Law, office over Savings Bank, Green
Bay.
tSee advertisement.




History  of (Brown   COounty.                       311
Norris & Chynoweth, W. H. Norris, Jr.,* T. B. Chynoweth,Attorneys at Law, olfice in
Shaylor's block, Green Bay. Firm established January 1st, 1871, (Mr. Norris
became a resident of Green Bay about 1856 and has been, since the year 1857;
when he was admitted to the bar, one of its prominent lawyers.)
C. Nanscawen,t M. D., Fort Howard.
Rev. N. Nuss, Pastor Germin Ll'theran Churci, De Pere.
Dr. A. F Olmsted, (Homeopathist,) in Shaylor's block, Green Bay.
Rev. C. A. Oppen, Pastor German Lutheran Church, Green Bay.
E. F. Parker, Attorney, Broadway, De Pere.
Father Ritter, Pastor French Catholic Church, Green Bay.
H. Rhode, Physician, Jefferson street, Green Bay.
W. H. Squire, M. D., office in Klaus block, Green Bay.
C. F. Schroeder, Photographer, Washington street, Green Bay.
T. E. Sedgewick & Brother, Attorneys at Law, West De Pere.
D. E. Sedgewick, M. D., Wrightstown.
G. W. Stickles, M. D., Wrightstown.
W. J. Suelflohn, Photographer and Artist, corner Pine and WaShington streets, Green
Bay.
Rev. E. P. Salmon, Pastor Congregational Church; De Pere.
Rev. David Street, Pastor First Presbyterian Church, Fort Howard.
J. Tayler.* Notary Public and Conveyancer, office at Post Office, Fort Howard.
John J. Tracy, Attorney and Counselor, room No. 2, Chapman's block, Green Bay.
Rev. H. H. Tenbroek, Episcopal Missionary, Green Bay.
Rev. E. S. Thomas, Baptist Church, West De Pere.
Vroman & Sale, (Chas. E. Vroman, L. B. Sale,) Attorneys at Law, 94 Washington
street, Green Bay. Firm established 1873.
Father Van Grottel. Pastor Holland Catholic Church, De Pere.
S. N. Whitting, M. D., office Washington street, Green Bay.
J. D. Williams,* Mercantile Attorney and Public Accountant, 72 Washington street
Green Bay.
M. E. Williams,* M. D., office Broadway, De Pere.
J. P. Weter, Surgeon Dentist, Broadway, De Pere.
Rev. Edward Walsh, Pastor Catholic Church, Fort Howard.
Rev. G. A. Whitney, Pastor Episcopal Church, De Pere.
R$EATIJ ESTATE, INSUTRA.NCEO, ETC.
E. K. Ansorge, Fire Insurance Agency, 103 Washington street, Green Bay, Wisconsin. Represents eight well-known and reliable Insurance Companies. Assets
$2,500,000. Established in 1873.
0: J. B. Brice,* Real Estate, Passage and Collection Agency, Green Bay.
M. V. B. Benson, Insurance Agent. Represents only reliable companies. Washington street, Green Bay.
James S. Baker, Abstract Office, Insurance Agency, Shaylor's Block, Green Bay.
F. S. Ellis,* Real Estate and Insurance, Court House, Green Bay.
Alex. Guesnier,* Real Estate Agency, Washington street, Green Bay.
G. E. T. Kyber, Real Estate, Insurance, Exchange, Passenger and Collection Agency,
Washington street, Green Bay. Established 1863.




312               Tae American  Sketch A3Book.
Kimball & Libbey, (A. W. Kimball, Oliver Libbey,) Green Bay, Wis. Agency
established in 1869, represents one hundred millions of Assets. Do a large
business in Fire, Marine, Life and Accidental Insurance. Represents ten leading American and English Companies. One of the largest and most successful
agencies in the State.
James Kerr, Notary Public and Agent of the Red Star and American Lines of
Ocean Steamships. Room No. 1, Gazette building, Green Bay; corner of Main
and Broadway, Fort Howard.
Rt. Rev. Fr. Krautbauer, German Catholic Church, Green Bay.
Xavier Martin,* General.Real Estate Agent and Conveyancer, 81 Washington street,
Green Bay.
E. Morrow, Broker, Washington street, Green Bay.
Merrill & Smith, Real Estate Agents, Broadway, De Pere.
E. C. & G. F. Merrill, Insurance Agents, De Pere.
Constant Martin, Notary Public and Real Estate Agent, Green Bay. Business
established in 1874.
E. F. Parker, Real Estate Agent, Broadway, De Pete.
J. J. St Louis, Real Estate Dealer, Washington street, Green Bay.
John Smith, Real Estate Agent, De Pere.
M. H. Walker, General Real Estate Agent, Washington street, Green Bay.
Williams & Warren, Insurance, Shaylor's block, Green Bay.
BANSKS OF BROWN COUNlTY.
Bank of De Pere,* De Pere. M. R. Hunt, President; F. Stafford, Cashier; Eugene
Smith, Assistant Cashier.
Commercial Bank of De Pere, successor to the First National.* G. S. Marsh, President; H. R. Jones, Cashier.
First National Bank,* Green Bay, Henry Strong, President; M. D. Peak, Cashier.
Green Bay Savings Bank, Green Bay, Robt. Silber, Presidefit; Herman Gieseler,
Cashier.
Kellogg National Bank,* Green Bay, R. B. Kellogg, President; H. G. freeman,
Cashier.
NEJ"WSFPAJPERBS OF BROWVNWX COUNTTY,
Green Bay Advocate,* Robinson Bros. & Clark, Proprietors.
State Gazette,* (Daily and Weekly,) Green Bay, Hoskinson & Follett, Proprietors.
Globe,* Green Bay, Root & Kimball, Proprietors.
Volks Zeitung* (German) Green Bay, Schuette & Son, Proprietors.
Concordia (German) Green Bay, Fred Burkard, Proprietor.
Review,* Fort Howard, Review Publishing Company, Publishers.
Herald,* Fort Howard, Pratt & Monroe Bros., Proprietors.
News,* De Pere, P. R. Proctor, Proprietor.
Facts,* De Pere, J. A. Comerford, Proprietor.
IIOTELS OFI BROWNr COTTJNTY.
Adams House, Adams street, Green Bay, George Snavely, proprietor.
Beaumont House*, corner of Main and Washington streets, Green Bay, Capt.
Trowell, proprietor.
Bodart House, G. Bodart, proprietor, Main street, Green Bay.




Hiistory of Brown C0ount.                           313
Bay City House, C. W. Redeman, proprietor, corner Walnut and Washington
streets, Green Bay.
Broadway House, C. McGinnis, proprietor, Fort Howard.
Cooke's Hotel,* M. E. Cozzens, proprietor, Washington street, Green Bay.
California House, Mrs. A. B. Williams & Son, proprietors, De Pere.
Commercial Hotel, J. Harp, proprietor, De Pere.
Champagne's Hotel, Joseph Champagne, proprietor, Velp.
First National Hotel,* Lake Huron Harriman, proprietor, Jefferson street.
Fort Howard House, Broadway, Fort Howard, James Tiernan, proprietor.
Fox River House, Fred Kaufmann, proprietor. Opened 1855, by P. Flatley.
Green Bay House, S. Landwehr, proprietor, corner Main and Adams streets, Green
Bay.
Grand Central Hotel, Fort Howard, Monroe Bros, proprietors.
Huffman House, Broadway, Fort Howard, H. P. Huffman, proprietor.
Luke's Hotel, William Luke, proprietor, Greenleaf.
Manitowoc House, James Touhey, proprietor, De Pere.
Northwestern Hotel, M. Gallagher, proprietor, Fort Howard. Free'bus to and
from the cars.
New City Hotel, Charles Welliquette, proprietor, Velp.
Reis Hotel, Andrew Reis, proprietor, Main street, Green Bay.
Rockhorn House, Mrs. B. E. Kelm, proprietor, Wrightstown.
Travelers' Home, F. Naass, proprietor, Wrightstown.
Waterloo House, Fabien Coel, proprietor, Main street, Green Bay.
Whittington House, Henry Whittington, proprietor, Washington street, Green Bay.
Village House, W. P. Call, proprietor, De Pere.:MA.N~UFA.CTUtRER[S OF GREEN BA3Y.
A. Hart, Ship Builder and Repairer. Ship yard East River.
Joseph Brown,* manufacturer of and dealer in Harness, Saddles, &c., 163 Washington street. Established 1856.
Burkard* & Tickler, proprietors Planing mill, Washington street.
T. M. Brien, Manufacturer of Boots and Shoes, Washington street.
Anton Burkard, Manufacturer of and wholesale and retail deale in Cabinet Ware,
Cherry street.
H. Brauechle, Tannery, East River.
Gus. Crickelair, Patentee and Manufacturer of Crickelair's Car Coupler.
J. H. Cleggett, Manufacturer of Human Hair Goods, foot of Washington street.
J. D. Emeigh, successor to Spencer & Emeigh, Plumber, Steam and Gas Fitter,
Pine street. (H. F. Spencer and J. D. Emeigh, commenced this business in
1870. In January 1876, Mr. Spencer retired and commenced the Manufacturing of Agricultural Implements in Fort Howard.)
P. J. Etienne, French Bakery, Pine street Established 1873.
East River Foundry* Robt. Silber, Proprietor.
Charles Enoch, Broom Factory, Main street.
J. M. Franssens, Harness Maker and dealer in Trunks, Main street, opposite the
Beaumont House. Established 1875.
Geo. B. Follett, General Tinsmith, Main street.




314              lTze American ASketch (ook.
W. W. Follett, Manufacturer of Patent Steaxm Cooker, and General Tinsmith, Washington street.
Green Bay Gas Works,* H. D. Bannister, proprietor.
Green Bay Hide and Leather Company,* Office at TanneryEast River; J. T. Wright,
President; Harvey Chandler, Superintendent.
Fred Glahn,t Cigar Manufacturer, 44 Pine street. Established September 20, 1870.
Green Bay Iron Company.* G. A. Lawton, Manager.
Horace Hall, Gunsmith, Washington street.
J. P. Hills, Manufacturer of Harness, <c., Washington street.
George Herr, Cigar Manufacturer, Main street.
George Haupt & Co. successors to Albert Pahl, Furniture Manufacturer, Washington street (established in 1884 by E. W. Follett.)
Edward Kittner, successor to H. A. Straubel, Carriage and Wagon Manufactory,
Washington street. Employs ten hands.
Kendall & Nichols, Planing Mill, Manufacturer of Sash, Door and Blinds, foot of
Adams street.
C. W. Kellogg, Architect and Builder, foot of Adams street.
Samuel Lindley,* Saw Repairer, Pine street.
J. B. Lefebvre, Manufacturer of Boots and Shoes, Adams street.
M. M. Lawrence, Restaurant,  Washington street.
E. C. Morrell, Fashionable Tonsorialist and Manufacturer of Human Hair Goods.
A. C. Mc Donough, Manufacturer of Boots and Shoes, Pine street.
George Markle, Manufacturer of and wholesale and retail dealer in Harness, Collars,
&c, Washington street.
W. H. Marvin & Co.,t Manufacturers of and dealers in Parlor and plain Furniture,
123 Washington street.  Established June 1873. Annual business $25,000.
W. H. Marvin & Co., Marble Works, Adams street.
L. M. Marshall,* Manufacturer of and dealer in lumber and shingles, Washington
street. Established 1851. Annual business from $100,000 to $300,000.
J. H. Nevins,* Patentee Nevin's Fire Escape, and Nevins' Vegetable Parer.
Miss Nellie O'Connell,t Manufacturer of Human Hair Goods, Pine street.
Frank Pireaux,* Manufacturer of Brick, East River. Established 1866. Manufactures 1,000,000 yearly.
Charles Pfotenhauer, manufacturer of Boots and Shoes, Cherry street.
Henry Rahr,* Proprietor East River Brewery. (This institution was built in 1866,
and is one hundred by one hundred and twenty feet on the ground. Five thousand barrels of beer are manufactured yearly.)
Phillip Schaus & Co., Cigar Manufacturers, Cherry street. Established 1875.
Scruton Bros., Trunk Manufacturers, Washington street.
J. B. Schumaker, Upholstering, corner Walnut and Adams streets.
E. Straubel, Proprietor Brick yard.
Soap Factory, H. J. Thompson, successor to Ingersol & Cook,* Washington street.
Thomas Spear, Ship Builder and Repairer, East River.
Union Brewery, F. Hagermeister, proprietor, office Adams street.
Albert Weise,* Carriage and Wagon Manufactory, Washington street. Established
1842. Employs fifteen hands. Annual business, $14,000.
J. W. Woodruff & Co.* 4J. W. Woodruff, H. E. Woodruff, W. H. Woodruff,')
Manufacturers of and dealers in Lumber, Lath, Shingles etc.




History of DBrown County.                           815
A. Weed & Co.,* Manufacturers of Lumber and Shingles. H. A. Me Kenzie, Supt.
Fred Woelz, Harness Maker, Main street.
A. F. Willim, Cigar Manufacturer, Cherry street.
E. Weidner, Soda Water Manufacturer.
John Young, Broom Factory, Pine' street.
1M]ERCIIHANTS, DEALEtRS, ETC., G:REIEN' BAY.
Albright & Co.,t Wholesale and Retail dealers in Boots and Shoes, 92 Washington
street.
Theodore Arter, Commission Merchant, Washington street.
S. W. Alden, Wood Dealer, Main street.
E. Asimont, Jeweler, Washington street.
John Beth,t Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Crockery and Glassware, 87 Washington street. Established  1870. A resident since  1855. Present business
$25,000 per annum.
F. W. Basche, Dealer in Toys, Musical Instruments, &c., Cherry street.
Charles Berner, Grocer, Washington street.
W. A. Brandenstein,t Merchant Tailor and dealer in Cloths, Cassimeres, Suitings, &c.,
25 Cherry street. Established 1870.
D. Butler & Son,t Dry Goods Merchants, Washington street. Business established
1840. Annual trade $50,000.
Charles Bliedung, Druggist, Cherry street. Established seven years.
Thomas Bennett, Dealer in Flour and Feed, Washington street.
L. B. Berendsen, Commission Merchant and General Market, Pine Street
Barth & Co., Wholesale Liquor Merchants, Washington street.
E. Boaler, Grocer, Main street.
Cherot & Co., Druggists, 117 Washington street. Established 1868. Prescription
business made a specialty.
August Copei, Hardware, IW ashington street.
J. B. Cauwenberghs, Grocer, Main street.
Geo. R. Cooke, Lumber Dealer, Monroe street.
Walter Carswell, Grocer, Monroe Avenue and Washington street.
Douville & Basche, dealer in Boots and Shoes, Washington street.
J. P. Danz, successor to H. Danz, Wholesale and Retail Grocer, Washington street.
L. De Laporte, Dealer in Hardware, 98 Washington street. Established 1868. He
manufactures Stoves, Copper, Tin and Sheet Iron. Especial attention paid to
Roofing.
Duchateau & Bro., Wine and Liquor Merchants, Duchateau's block. Established
1869.
Charles De Laporte, dealer in Ready Made Clothing, Washington street.
James Flatley, dealer in General Merchandise, 75 Washington street. Established
1860. Annual business $20,000.
B. Follett & Son, dealers in Books, Wall Paper, Stationery, Fancy Goods, &c., Washington street.
S. Frank, Second Hand Store, Main street.
Joseph Fohrman, Sr., Clothing Merchant, Washington street.
Fontaine & Martens, Hardware Merchants, Main street.
44




316               The American Sketch  BooCk.
P. Fox & Son, General Dealers in Furs, Washington street.
Green Bay Iron Company, General Store, Main street.
E. L. Hallf, dealer in Jewelry, Clocks, &c., 95 Washington street. Established in.
the fall of 1869.
Charles Hartung, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Hardware, Washington street
Established 1865. (Mr. Hartung was Captain of Company G., of the TwentyFourth Wisconsin Regiment, and settled at Green Bay at the close of the war.)
T. E. Harris,* Dealer in Hardware and Tinware, Pine, near Washington street.
Present business established in 1861.
William Hoffman,t Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Clothing and Merchant Tailoring, 105 Washington street  Annual business from $60,000 to $75,000. The
oldest established business of the line in the County.
Harteau & Co.,t Dealers in staple and Fancy Dry Goods, (successors to Holmes &
Harteau) Washington street. This business was established in  1851 by
Sherwood & Holmes and continued by them until 1873 when Mr Sherwood sold
his interest to Mr. S. W. Harteau. In the fall of 1876, A. G, E. Holmes retired
and Mr. Harteau associated with him Mr. H. J. Bebeau.) Annual business
$50,000.
H. A. Hollmann, wholesale and retail dealer in Dry Goods, Carpets, Boots and Shoes
&c., 103 Washington street, established 1872. Annual business $40,000
John Hora, Merchant Tailor, Cherry street, established 1875.
C. WV. Hendricks, Wholesale and retail Dealer in Dry Goods, Clothing, Hats, Caps,
Boots and Shoes, Millinery and Fancy Goods, 47 Main street. Established in
1868. Mr. Hendricks is one of Green Bay's self made men. He came to Brown
County from Holland in 1852, and settled on a farm up the river. Later, he
went to the north part of the state as a cook, and alter he had laid up a little
money, he came to Green Bay and opened a Confectionery store and bakery.
This was in 1868. In 1871, he sold out, and opened in the dry goods business
and has been steadily increasing in wealth ever since. At his store, the French,
Holland, German and English languages are spoken.)
F, Hurlbut, Commission Merchant, Washington street.
Albert Hoppe, Merchant Tailor.
Gustave Huinger, General Store, Main street.
Joannes Bros., Dealers in Staple and Fancy Groceries, Canned Fruits, Fresh Fruit,
&c., Washington street. Goods delivered in any part of the city.
A. Kimball,4 Dealer in Stoves and Hardware. (The oldest hardware establishment
in the county ) At the old stand on Washington street.
Phillip Klaus,t Dealer in Wall Paper. Worsteds and Yarn, Toys, Fancy Goods, etc.,
Washington street.
D. W. King,* Druggist, Washington street. Established 1836. (The oldest drug
store in the State.)
Anton Klaus,* dealer in Lumber, Shingles and Groceries, Washington street.
C, Kaster, Merchant Tailor, Pine street.
Lawrence & Co., Wine and Liquor Merchants, Washington street, under Cooke's
Hotel.
John B. Last,t Dealer in Gent's Furnishing Goods, Hats, Caps, &c., 125 Washington street. Established 1875. (Mr. List formerly belonged to the firm of Case,
Klaus, & Co., Dealers in General Merchandise.)
Lenz & Brauns, Wholesale and Retail Grocers, Washington street. Firm established in 1868 as Klaus, Lenz & Brauns. Mr. Klaus retired September 1st,
1870, knd the present, firm was organized. Average business $200,000 per
annum.




History of DBrown Coznty.                            317
C.Lamarre & Co., Commission Merchants and Dealers in Flour and Feed, No. 79,
Washington street. Established 1874. Annual business $30,000.
L. Lefebvre, Dealer in Flour and Feed, Adams street.
G. N. Langton, Dealer in Flour and Feed, Washington street.
Joseph Leisch, Grocer, Main street.
Looze & Pigeon, Dealers in Flour and Feed, corner of Main and Adams streets.
Established 1876.
S. Labart, (Gcneral Store, Main Street.
J. W. Me Kinney, Wholesale and Retail Druggist, No. 49 Pine street. Established
1875; formerly a druggist of Sturgeon Bay.
Eli Martin, Grocer, Washington street.
Peter Miller, General Merchandise, Main street.
Mrs. F. Me Fayden, Dealer in Millinery and Fancy Goods, Washington street.
(Oldest house in the line in the city.)
Theodore Mueller.t Dealer in all kinds of Dry Goods, Washington street.
A. Michaal, Dealer in Watches and Jewelry, Washington street.
Theo. Noehle,* Dealer in Toys, Confectionery, &c., Pine street. Established 1868.
Northam & Diekmann, Wholesale Liquor Merchants, Washington street.
Neese & Kustermann, Dealers in Muscial Instruments, Music, Books, &c., Washington street.
Louis Netter, Druggist, Main street.
Lambert Nau, Grocer, Washington street.
H. J. Ott & Co., Jewelers, Washington street.
Osterloh & Miller, Grocers, Washington street.
Pat. O'Conner, Grocer, Walnut street.
John Orth, Dealer in Boots and Shoes, Washington street.
W. Parish, Dealer in Hides, Furs and Rags, Washington street.
Pinto & Co,, Grocers, 110 Washington street. Established 1874.
C. F. Plessing, Jeweler and Repairer, Main street.
Jule Parmentier, Grocer and Dealer in Clothing, Main street.
W.* & A. H. Reynolds, Book Store, Music Rooms, Periodical Depot, Reading Room,
&c., Pine street. Established 1866. (They are agents for the Electric Pen, a
perfect wonder in copying. Call and see it, or send for circular.),
I. Richman,t Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Clothing and Merchant Tailonng,
"Star Clothing Store," 130 W ashington street. This business was established in
1866 by Messrs. Richman & Lehman, and so continued until January 1876 when
the latter retired. Annual business $30,000.
J. Robinson & Co.,t Wholesale and Retail Druggists, corner Pine and Washington
street. Established in 1866.  They have branch stores at Seymour, Grand
Rapids, (Wis.) and Manitowoc. The store at Green Bay is supplied with a magnificent Soda Fountain, manufactured expressly for the trade here, and which
cost $1000.00.
Mathias Remich, Grocer, Cherry street.
Skeels & Best,* Wholesale and Retail dealers in Dry Goods of all kinds, 94 Washington street. Established 1867,
L. G. Schiller & Co., Grocers, Pine street.
Geo. Sommers, Dry Goods, Washington street.
J. Schellenbeck, Dealer in Hides and Leather, Main Street.




318               The American Skefoh cook.
J. J. St. Louis, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Hardware, Tinware and Railroad
Supplies, Washington street. Business established fifteen years.
F. R. Schettler, Hardware, Washington street.
Mrs. J. A. Sprague, Dealer in Fancy Goods and Millinery, Pine street, near Washington. Established March 1876.
E. L. Tyrrell. Jeweler, at Reynolds' News Depot. Established 1875.
Frank Tillman, Wholesale and R tail Grocer, Washington street.
Van Norstrand & Son,* Forwarding, Storage and Commission Merchants, Washingington street.
G. J. Van Deuren, General Merchandise, Adams street.
L. Van Dycke, Dealer in Dry Goods, Washington street.
A Van der Zande, Grocer, Main street.
A. Weise & Hollmann,t Dealers in Crockery, Silverware, Glassware, &c., Washington street. (This business was established in 1859 by A. Weise and James Poale.
In 1870 Mr. Poole retired. Annual business $40,000.)
R. M. Winslow & Son, Lumber Dealers, Main street.
Christian Woelz,* General Store, Main street,
MISCRELLAN:EOUTTS BUSINESS OF G-REP3EN BAY.
J. Buscher, proprietor of Steam Dye Works, Washington street.
J. F. Bertles, Engineer, Washington street.
J. S. Baker,* Abstract Office, Pine street.
E. Boaler & Co., Dealers in Hard and Soft Wood, Slabs and Shingle Bolts, East
River.
Briquelet & Wilson, Meat Market, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Fresh and Salt
Meats, etc,, Paul Fox's block, Washington street.
D. W. Britton, Cooper, foot of'Monroe street.
Col. T. B, Catlin,* Fresco and Ornamental Painter, Washington Stieet.
J. T. Cranney,t successor to Lawe & Cranney, Auction and Commission House,
Washington street. Established 1866.
Frank Cricklair,* Painter, Paper Hanger and Grainer, 189 Adams street. Established at Fort Howard, 1865; at Green Bay 1867.
L. F. Darbellay, Restaurant, Confectionery and Bakery, Pine street. Established
1875.
H. & J. Dougherty, Dealers in Staves, etc., Washington street.
John B. Dufresne, Hair Dresser and dealer in Cigars, Washington street.
Express Office, Shaylor's block, M. Fargo, Agent.
Dominick Flatley,: Livery and Sale Stables, Pine street. Established 1866.
First National Laundry, A. O. Hebert, proprietor.
M. Gagnon, Barber and Hair Dresser, Washington street.
Win. Garner,t Bakery, Confectionery and Restaurant, 35 Pine street. Established
1873.
Green Bay & Minnesota Rail Road Offices, S. B. Kenrick, Superintendent; D. M.
Kelly, General Manager; Dan. Atwood, General Passenger and Freight Agent.
Jacob Gruen, well driller, Monroe street.
David M. Harteau,* Architect and Superintendent. Established 1870.
John Hendricks, Proprietor of City Hack. Rates same as Omnibus.




iistory of Brown C0ounty.                            319
Hoskilison & Follett, Book and Job Printing, Gazette Building, Pine street.
John Hagerty, Livery and Sale Stable, Washington street. Established 1871.
F. Hagen & Co., Sale and Livery Stable, Adams street.
Geo. Ingalls, Agent Howes' Sewing Machine, Adams street.
Charles Klaus, proprietor Klaus' Hall; Pine street.
Joseph Kalb, Meat Market, Washington street.
M. M. Lawrence, New Restaurant, Cooke's Hotel block.
L. H. Long, Manager Northwestern Telegraph.
E. Morell, Sulphuric Bath Establishment, Cherry street.
J. McDonnell, Architect, Walnut street.
John Mallory, Bill Poster, Cedar street.
Theo. Noehle,* Ice Cream Saloon and Green House, Pine street.
Robert Nichol, Dealer in Lumber, Lath and Shingles, East River.
Ocean Steamship Agency-Red Star and American Line —James Kerr, Room No.
1, Gazette Building, Pine street.
P. Parish,* Champion Billiard Hall, (strictly temperance,) Parish's block, Washington street.
A. Pardee, Bakery and Cracker Manufactory, Washington street.
Joseph S. Redline, People's Meat Market, Main street.
Rogers & Markell, Quadrille Band, D. R. Rogers, proprietor, Main street.
Rogers & Miller, proprietors of Patent Hoof Parer, Adams street.
Andrew Rice, proprietor German Boarding House, Main street.
M. E. Roberts, Livery and Sale Stables. Walnut street bridge.
Robinson Bros. & Clark, Book and Job Printers, Pine street.
Root & Kimball, Printers, Washington street.
Oscar Rogers, Blacksmith, Adams street.
E. E. Stevens, Contractor and Builder, and dealer in all kinds Stucco work and
Mantels, Klaus' building, Pine street. Established 1871.
H. Schumacher, Meat Market, Main street.
J. M. Smith,* City Market Gardens, Oak Grove.
John Safranek, Teacher of Brass and String Music, Cherry street.
George Salchert & Co., Blacksmith, Main street.
Smith Brothers, Gardeners, East River.
Schuette & Son, Printers, (German) Pine street.
Capt. A. Taylor,$ Livery and Sale Stable at the Beaumont House.
Ursuline Academy,* Sisters of Notre Dame, corner Webster Avenue and Crooks
street.
W. P. Vary, Agent Wisconsin Central Railroad, Depot Washington street.
Henry E. Whitney, News Depot, Shaylor's block.
White & Grover, Horse Shoeing and General Blacksmithing, 188 Washington street.
Established 1869.
S. Warn, Agent for Singer's Sewing Machines, Klaus' block, foot of Washsngton
street.
Frank Willim, leader of Willim's Brass and String Band.
Nicholas Wagener, Carriage Painter, Pine street.
H. J. White, Blacksmith, Washington street.




320               I e American Sketch B ook.
IM:A NJNUFACTUIRER:E0S 0F IORT IIOWAR I)D.
Hans Anderson, Shoe Manufacturer, Broadway.
S. Anderson, Ship Builder. Business established twenty years since.
T. J. Bailey, & Son, Generul Turning Factory.
August Brehme, Wagon Manufacturer.
H. Burmeister, Merchant Tailor, Main street.
George Cadieux, Cooper.
Vincent Conley, Boat Builder.
Miss Dougherty, Dressmaking and Tailoring, corner Main and Broadway.
James Faulkner, Boot and Shoe Manufactory, Pearl street.
N. C. Foster,4 Manufacturer of and Dealer in Lumber and Shingles.
Fletcher & Dunnet Manufacturers of Appleton Sewing Machines.
S. C. Fowles,* Ship Builder.
Mathias Heidgen, Wagon Manufacturer and Blacksmith.
Jargon Hanson, Wagon Manufacturer and Blacksmith.
Michael Henkle, Merchant Tailor, Broadway.
P. F. Johnston, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Furniture, Main street.
J. P. Laird & Co., Manufacturers of and Dealer in Lumber and Shingles.
Chris Larson, Merchant Tailor, Broadway.
William Lewnins, Manufacturer of Brick.
Monitors Iron Works, David M. Burns, proprietor.
Monitor Boiler Works, David M. Burns, proprietor.
O'Leary & Company, Steam Boiler Works, near the bridge.
Gerhard Oldenburg, Cabinet Maker and Manufacturer of all kinds of Furniture,
Main street.
F. Planert, Dealer in and Manufacturer of Boots and Shoes, Main street. Established 1870.
J. Platten, Manufacturer Platten's Stump Puller, Pearl street.
Wales Perrigue Jr., Potash Manufactory.
C. Schwarz* & Co., Planing Mill,~Sash, Door and Blind Factory.
H. F. Spencer*, Manufacturer of Agricultural Implements.
Peter Servais, Shoe Manufacturer, Hubbard street.
Taylor & Duncan*, proprietors of the Howard Foundry and Machine Works.
Simeon Vaughn,: Ship Builder and proprietor of the Sixth Ward Ship Yard.
(Established 1873; amount of business since then $25.(00.)
Henry Wallenfang, Manufacturer of Boots and Shoes, Hubbard street.
MERCHANTS, DEAI ERS, ETC., FORT HOWARD.
W. G. Bruce & Co., Wholesale and Retail Grocers, Broadway.
Thomas Burns, Grocer, Main street.
D. W. Bromley, Hardware Store and Tin Shop, Main street.
Thomas M. Camm,* Wholesale and Retail Dealer in General Merchandise, corner of
Main and Broadway. Business established 1856.
James Callaghan, General Store, Broadway.




History of BZ7own   Cozunty.                        321
Silas L. Doyen,t Druggist, (first drug store in Fort Hroward.) EstablisheJ 1869.
Elmore & Kelly,: Forwarding and Commission Merchants, at Elmore & Kelly's
Elevator.
H. Flatley, Wholesale and Retail Grocer, Main street.
Julius S. Fisk,* Grocer, Dousman street. Established 1870.
Gray & Jorgenson, Dealers in Dry Goods, Main street.
Oscar Gray, Lumber Dealer, Chestnut street.
D. Hunt,* Dealer inGeneral Merchandise, (also Justice of the Peace) corner Broadway and Dousman street. Business established in 1856.
Hall & Burns, Dealers in Hardware, Broadway. Established 1870.
Ole Jorgenson, Grocer, Broadway.
Johnson & Larsen, Grocers, Broadway.
M. F. Kalmbach,t successor to Joel S. Fisk, Fish Depot.
M. Levy, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots, Shoes and
Millinery, Main street.
August Laget, Grocer.
S. Mandel, Dealer in Ready Made Clothing, Main street.
David McCartney, Lumber Dealer, Broadway.
Mrs. Mary Marshall, Dealer in Millinery, Main street.
Jules Mars, Grocer, Broadway.
C. Nanscawen, M. D., Dealer in Drugs, Books and Stationery, Main street.
Andrew Spence. Grocer, Broadway,
John A. Sorenson, Grocer.
Fred Wohlfarth, Dealer in Ready Made Clothing, Broadway.
MISCELLAJ JNEOTTS BUSINETSS OF FORT IHOWARD.
Stephen Atkinson & Son, Cattle Dealers, Willow street.
G. C. Arnold, News Depot, Post Office Building.
R. J. Black,t Union Meat Market, Main sreet. Established 1874.
William Barlamentt, Livery and Sale and Exchange Stable, Main street, between
Chestnut and Cherry streets. Established 1874.
Julius Bergmann, Contractor and Builder.
F. Blesch, proprietor Bay Brewery, Pearl street.
Calkins & Powers,f proprietors of Flour and Feed Store, corner of Main and Chestnut streets. Do an annual business of $45,000.
John St. Dennis, Steam Laundry, Peail street.
G. H. Culver, Agent Green Bay and Minnesota Rail Road.
Alex. Detry, House and Sign Painter.
Chris. Fink, Meat Market, Dousman street. Established business in 1864 in Green
Bay, removed to Fort Howard in 1866.
George Franks,' Dealer in Watches and Jewelry, Pearl street.
Capt. John Howlet, City Marshal, Elmore street.
Robert Henderson, House and Sign Painter, corner Broadway and Hubbard streets.
Henderson & Fisher, Dealers in Paints and Oils, corner Broadway and Hubbard
streets. Also do a general Painting Business. Established 1867.
Anton In dra, Meat Market, Broadway.




322               The  American  Sketch   2oock.
Jos. Lonzo, Shaving and Hair Cutting Rooms, dealer in Cigars, Main street.
Lucas & Bro., Tin Shop, over Hall& Burns' Hardware Store.
Daniel Lucas, Engineer.
Lars Nelson, Meat Market, Broadway.
Ocean Steamship Lines-American and Red Star-James Kerr, agent, cornel  ol
Broadway and Main stieet.
S-mn. Preston, Livery and Sale Stable, Bt'oadway. Established 1874.
H. A. Ranous, Agent Chicago and North Western Rail Road.
Schwarz & Co., Contractors and Builders.
W. Y. Thompson, Contractor and Builder, P. 0. box 61.
Joseph Taylor, Notary Public and Conveyancer, office at the Post Office.
Union Steamboat Line, Elmore & Kelly Agents.
W. L. Witters, Flourrnd Feed Store, Broadway.
G. C. Wirth, Florist.
N:JIAZNUFC'ACTUR ERS OF DEIPEIRE,
M. Cooney, Harness Maker.
J. S. Dunham & Co., Flouring Mill, on the bridge.
J. Du Jardin, Manufacturer of Boots and Shoes.
A. R. Hammond, proprietor Saw Mill.
P. Jans, Manufacturer of Boots and Shoes.
P. Loftus, Wagon Manufactory.
Charles Lawton, Manufacturer of Picture Frames, Broadway.
Mc Donald & Wilcox, Harness Makers, Broadway. Business established 1871.
P. Mewusens, Manufacturer of Boots and Shoes.
J. S. Monroe, Saw Mill, on the bridge.
P. H.. Mularky, Wagon Manufactory.
National Iron Company, M. R. Hunt, Secretary.
M. Reynan & Co., Flouring Mill, on the bridge.
T. E. Sharp, Furniture Manufactory, Broadway.
Spoke and Hub Factory, Webster & L:wson, proprietors; Capt. E. C. Clark, Superintendent; Irwin Ballard, Bookkeeper.
Tyler & Arndt,.Stone Flouring Mill.
L. Van der Castielle, Manufacturer of Boots and Shdes.
William Willis, proprietor Pump Factory.
J. Weiss, Harness Maker.
M1EaiRCIIANTS, DEAI, ER8, ETC., DEPERISE.
E. W. Arndt & Co., Dealers in General Groceries, Ciockery, etc. (Business established 1869, by Scott & Son, and bought in 1876 by the present proprietors.)
Mrs. E. A. Annas, Dealer in Millinery, Broadway.
M. Burnett, Grocer, Broadway. Settled at De Pere, 1856. Established present
business 1873.
M. H. Bedell, Confectioner and Express Agent, Broadway.
J. H. Bixby, Dealer in Watches, Clocks and Jewelery, Broadway.
J. F. Clark & Co., Dealers in General Merchandise, Broadway.




History of 3rown County.                              323
Jas. W. Childs, Dealer in General Merchandise, Broadway. Business established
1861.
John Cook, Merchant Tailor, Broadway.
B. Dernbach, Dealer in Confectionery, Broadway.
A. S. Fifield, Hardware, Broadway.
Mrs. C. H. B. Gile, Dealer in Millinery and Fancy Goods, Broadway. Business
established 1874.
Mrs. M. Gow, Dealer in Millinery.
J. B. Heyrmann & Co., Grocers, Broadway. Established 1871.
Jackson & Sanders, Dealers in General Merchandise, corner of Broadway and
George streets. Business established 1873.
P. S. Loy, Dealer in Hardware, &c., Broadway.
J. N. Langworthy, Wholesale Liquor Dealer, Broadway. Business established 1873.
A. Meuelendyke, Dealer-in General Merchandise, Broadway.
S. Marshall, Dealer in General Merchandise, Broadway.
J. H. Muzsers, Merchant Tailor. Broadway.
Charles Munich, Merchant Tailor, Broadway.
J. C. Outhwaite, Dealer in Watches, Clocks and Jewelry, Broadway.
National Iron Company, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in General Merchandise,
Broadway.
James A. Phipps, Druggist, corner of Broadway and George street. This firm formerly Robinson &  Phipps was established in February, 1870. Mr. Phipps
occupies a large new building and has one of the finest drug stores in this part
of the state.
N. F. Passino, Dealer in Boots and Shoes, Br6adway.
B. F. Smith, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in General Merchandise, Mill Fittings
and Tools, California House Store.
Jacob Schenk, dealer in Boots and Shoes, Broadway.
H. I. Wheeler, Dealer in Drugs, Paints, Oils, Window Glass, Books and Stationery.
This business was originally carried on by Messrs. Merrill & Marsh. Mr.
Wheeler who was for many years a clerk for that firm bought out the establishment in 1870.
R. Weyenberg, Dealer in Books, Millinery and Fancy Goods, Broadway.  Business
established 1870.
Mrs. S. A. Weyenberg, Dealer in Millinery, Broadway.
M. Walsh, Confectioner, Broadway.
MISCELLANEOUtS BUSINESS- 0OF1 DE PERIE.
Mrs. J. A. Annas, Dressmaker, Broadway.
J. W. Arndt, proprietor of the De Pere Nursery.
J. Dallas, Blacksmith.
B. Dernbach, proprietor, Restaurant, Broadway.
De Pere Company, J. G. Lawton, President; F. O. Mason, Book-keeper.
M. H. Bedell, proprietor, Restaurant, Broadway.
Charles Henry, proprietor Livery Stable, Front street. Mr. Henry settled at Green
Bay in 1837. and at De Pere in 1874.
Mrs. K. E. Hobbins, Dressmaker and Milliner, Broadway.
Thomes E. Hobbins, Justice of the Peace.
45




324              The Amenrican S^7etz Boak.
P. Jackson, Blacksmith.
H. S. Lambdin, Agent Wisconsin Central Rail Road.
P. Lee, Blacksmith.
Michael Farrell, proprietor Broadway Livery Stable.
G. Moffatt & Son, Blacksmiths,
Charles McVey, Blacksmith.
G. Remington, Meat Market, Broadway.
Thos. Struthers, Notary Public,
William Smith, Justice of the Peace and Collection Agent, Broadway.
John Steckart & Co., Meat Market, Broadway. Established 1871.
Wim. Sutherland, Meat Market, Broadway.
Tessia Bros., Bakers, Broadway.
M. Walsh, Proprietor Restaurant, Broadway.
MATNUFT.ACTURERS OF W'EST 1DEI PIREE.
Agricultural Works,* Fox River Iron Company, proprietors; William' Workman,
Superintendent.
E. E. Bolles & Co.,* Woolen Ware Company, E. E. Bolles, President; R. A. Meiswinkle, Vice President; C. A. Willard, Secretary.
J. Burkhard & Co., Wagon Manufactory.
N. Bowers, proprietor Saw Mill, Dealer in Lumber, etc.
Clothes Pin Factory,* C. and J. R. Shepard, proprietor.
H. Collette,* proprietor Stave Factory.
Fox River Iron Company,* D. W. Blanchard, President; S. D. Arnold, Vice President; D. D. Kellogg, Secretary.
Thomas Jackson,* Foundry and Machine Shop.
Marsh & Murray,* proprietors Stave Factory.
E. W. Persons,* proprietor Sash, Door and Blind Factory, M. P. Persons, Book'
keeper
Jos. A. Rupiper, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Furniture, Main street.
J Ritchie,* proprietor Saw Mill, Dealer in Lumber, Lath and Shingles.
J. Robb,* proprietor Sash, Door and Blind Factory.
J. P. Willard,* proprietor De Pere Steam Forge.
William Zeborosky, Mlanufacturer of Wagons and Buggies; also carries on a Blacksmithing and Painting business.
MISCEMLLjA.N}EOUS BUSINESS OF WBEST DE PIERCE.
W. A. Bingham, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in General Merchandise.
W. H. Chapman & Co., Dealers in Drugs, Medicines, Chemicals, Books and Stationery, Main street. Established business in 1872.
H. A. Hamniond, Agent Chicago and North Western, Rail Road.
Hanrahan & Sedgewick, successors to Hanrahan & Co., (T. Hanrahan and Thomas
Summerville,) Dealers in Groceries, Flour and Feed, opposite Fox River Iron
Co's store. Established 1875.
T. J. Mackey, Blacksmith.
H. Me Creadie, Grocer and Justice of the Peace.




Ilistory  of  Brown  County.                       Be
E. Wilson, Telegraph Operator, Chicago and North Western Rail Road Depot.
Max. Scheuring, proprietorof West De Pere Livery.
H. Watermolen, Dealer in General Merchandise.
J. Wassenberg, Grocer.
A. Wilcox, Justice of the Peace.
G-NENERAL BUSINESS O  WROIF'    ioSi-rL^WN ^
J. Arneil, General Store.
L. C. Burnett, Druggist and Groceries
C. B. Brown, Justice of the Peace.
Mrs. C. B. Brown, Milliner.
H. S. Campbell, Blacksmith.
W. Duescher, Wagonmaker.
A. Dayton, Bakery.
Gutbier & Mueller, Wrightstown Brewery.
L. Graff, Furniture Dealer.
J. Hoegh, Harness Maker.
J. D. Hawkes, Agent Chicago and North Western Rail Rosa,
F. Henchell, Meat Market.
H. Icke, Tailor.
Spencer Kellogg & Bro., Custom Flouring Mill,
Arthur Kellogg, General Store.
George W. Kaufman, Harness Maker.
P. Kettenhofen, Blacksmith.
J. W. McKesson, Stave Factory.
J. W. McKesson, Grocery Store.
P. S. Mumford, Telegraph Operator.
C. G. Mueller, Steam Saw Mill,
C. G. Mueller, General Store.
A. Marcelles, Tailor.
G. Pahl, Boot and Shoe Manufactoip.
Rather & Schaeuble, Tinsmith.
Dr. G. W. Stickles, General Store and Druggist,
1. H. Sawyer, Barber and Hair Dresser.
Salschider & Zuelke, Planing Mill,
J. Sawyer, Blacksmith.
J. Stuht, Furniture Dealer.
T. L. Snider, Boot and Shoe Manufactory.
T. Sairs, Boot and Shoe Manufactory.
Yanderheiden & Co., Cheese Factory,
Yanderheiden & Co., General Store.




826               The American Sketcth  Book.
BUSINESS OI G-REELEAF.
A. Bahl, Blacksmith.
Day & Snyder, General Store.
C. W. Day, Lumber, Lath and Shingle Mill.  Capacity 30,000 feet of Lumber,
50,000 Shingles and 10,000 Lath per day.
Charles W. Day, Planing Mill.
J. B. Ellis, Wheelwright.
F. C. Jenkins, General Store.
John Hein, General Store.
Huiss & Rogers, Flour Barrel, Stave and Heading Factory. Capacity 1000 barrels
per day.
J. Lee, Blacksmith.
C. F. Luke, Flouring Mill. Capacity seventy-five barrels per day.
G(. A. Lawton, Proprietor Patent Lime Kilns.
Walter McNutt, Shingle Mill (near Greenleaf on Wisconsin Central Rail Road.)
Capacity 1000 barrels per day.
E. R. Smith, House Builder.
Smith & Brill, Planing Mill and Broom Handle Factory.
Christ. Woelskee, Boot and Shoe Manufacturer.
BUTSINESS OF VELP (DUCK CREUEK.)
M. Brunette, Proprietor of Stone Quarry.
J. B. Bergeon, Blacksmith.
David Cormier, Proprietor Stone Quarry.
L. Kerby, Wagon Manufacturer.
Charles Lefebvre, Grist Mill,
James Miller, General Store.
Peter Prince, Proprietor Stone Quarry.
J, Poitras, General Store.
L. Rioux, Proprietor Stone Quarry.
L. Reinhart, Blacksmith.
James Walker, Dealer in General Merchandise.
F. Van der Vaart, General Store.
BUSIN'ESS OF T.EE r TOWNiS OF BPROWN COUNXT"Y.
D. Benecke, Cheese Factory, New Denmark.
P. Benjamin, Saw Mill, Eaton.
A. Bouchard, Tavern Keeper, Suamico.
Bersie Bros., Saw Mill, Glenmore.
Blake & James, Manufacturers of Lumber and Shingles, Ledgeville, Wrightstown.
Prescott Boynton, Dealer in General Merchandise, Little rapids, Lawrence.
Phillip Coppens, General Store, Humboldt.
Christian Craanen, Merchant, Bay Settlement, Scott.
Cedar Creek Flouring Mill, A. Deuster, proprietor, Preble.




History of DBrown County.                         327
Cowles Bros., dealers in Lumber and General Merchandise, Wequiock, Scott.
Darwoin & Bro., Dealers in Lumber and General Merchandise, Humboldt.
Gregoire Denis, General Merchandise, Bay Settlement.
M. Daul, Grist Mill, Green Bay.
D. Duquaine, General Store, Robinsonville, Green Bay.
Joseph De Keuster, General Store, Robinsonville, Green Bay.
J. B. Doyen, General Store, Robinsonville, Green Bay.
L. W. Dunham. Lumber Dealer, Mill Center, Pittsfield.
Ebling & Daley, Dealers in Flour and Feed, New Franken, Scott.
Mark English, Proprietor Trout Pond, Preble.
Henry Fountiene, General Store, Humboldt.
Phillip Falck, General Store, Morrison.
Paul Ferry, General Store, Schiller.
Oscar Gray, Saw Mill, Mill Center, Pittsfield.
Florentine Hannon, General Store, Green Bay.
Phillip Hannon, General Store, Robinsonville, Green Bay.
Frank Hagen, Proprietor Trout Pond, Preble.
P. Hogan, Tavern Keeper, Preble.
Aug. Hochgrave, Brewer, Allouez.
Fred. R. Hjoeth, Manufacturer of Lumber, Turned Hand Spikes and all kinds of
Wood Turning, Ledgeville, Wrightstown.
Peter Krouse, General Store, Suamico.
Anton Kaye, Tavern Keeper, Humboldt.
C. E. Kanute,.General Store, Flintville, Suamico.
Peter Labby, General Store, Humboldt.
C. J. Lucia, Tavern Keeper, Suamico.
Ed. Lawler, Tavern Keeper, Mill Centre.
Monroe Bros., Dealers in Lumber and General Merchandise, Suanico.
C. Malliet, Boot and Shoe Manmiacturer, Scott.
-  Maher, General Store, Holland.
Robert Murray, Station Agent, Little Kaukanna.
Joseph Poitras, Tavern Keeper, Suamico.
James Potter, Lumber Dealer, Mill Center.
Henry Rubens, General Store, Green Bay.
E. Schilling, Wagon Maker, Scott.
Maurice Sommers, General Store, Holland.
H A. Straubel, Tavern Keeper, Preble.
T. Smith, Flouring Mill, Preble.
J. S. Stetson, Saw Mill, Glenmore.
A. L. Sanborn, Lumber Dealer, Mill Centre.
N. E. Thompson, Saw Mill, New Denmark.
M. E. Tremble & Co., Dealers in Lumber and General Merchandise, Suamico.
B. Van den Berg, General Store, Holland.
M. Verkeilen, General Store, Holland.
Sylvester Wight, Dealer in Lumber and General Merchandise, Mill Center.




328               1 e American Sketc7h Book.
BAY AyND) RIVER BOATS.
Steamer Arrow, Captain and Owner John Dennesson.
Schooner S. Anderson, Captain Wm. Aga; owners, Anderson & Aga.
Tug Botsford, Captain Joseph Dennis.
Steamer Canisteo, Captain G. A. Gaylord, Union Line.
Schooner Cuba, Captain J. P. Clark.
Steamer East River, Captain A. Hart.
Steamer Fawn, Captain C. C. Fowles.
Scho. ner Lettie May, Captain Al. Kalmbach. M, P. Kalmbach, owner.
Steamer Menominee, Captain Friend Spafford.
Steamer Neptune, Captain E. F. Burnham.
Steamer Northwest, Captain W. H. Hart.
Schooner Mary Nau, Captain Gunderson. Owners, L. Nau and Capt. Gunderson.
Steamer North Star, Captain C. Freeman.
Steamer Passaic, Captain Joiner, Union Line.
Schooner A. M. Peterson, Captain Peter Peterson. Owners, Nau and Peterson.
Steamer Union, Captain and Owner, Thomas Hawley.
Steamer Waubun. Owner Commodore H, J. Furber.
POST O:FPClCES OFi BROEWN COU:NJTY.
Bay Settlement, Gregoir Denis, Post Master.
De Pere, Theodore Stewart, Post Master; Mrs. T. Stewart, Assistant.
Denmark, John Bartelme, Post Master.
East Wrightstown, N. G. Grant, Post Master.
Fort Howard, Joseph Tayler, Post Master; Joseph Tayler, Jr., Assistant.
Flintville, C. E. Kanute, Post Master.
Fontenoy, D. Benecke, Post Master.
Green Bay, A. W. Kimball, Post Master; Will E. Thomas, Assistant; J. Ietienae,
Gus. Kulmann, Clerks.
Greenleaf, Phillip Snyder, Post Master.
Holland, W. Fox, Post Master.
Ledgeville, Fred B. Hjoeth, Post Master.
Little Rapids, Prescott Boynton, Post Master.
Mill Center, S. Wight, Post Master.
Morrison, Phillip Falck, Post Master.
New Franken, M. Schauer, Post Master.
Oneida, Rev. E. A. Goodenough, Post Master.
Pine Grove, John Eisman, Post tMaster.
Robinson, J. A. Rubens, Post Matter.
Schiller, T. Charlier, Post Master.
Suamico, D. F. Smith, Post Master.
Velp, James Walker, Post Master.
West Depere, W. H. Chapman, Post Master.
Wrightstown, G. W. Stickles, Post Master.
Wequioc, H. K. Cowles, Post Master.




History of Brown Co7nty.                                       329
INDEX
TO THEI PRINCIPAIAL SUBJE CTS
PAGE                                            PAGE
ABRAMS, Hon. W. J., mentioned,    -    193   First National Bank, Green Bay.    -    151
Allonle, mentioned,    -        -   -     26   First National Bank, De Pere         -    2
Anecdotes,       -     -      -     152-156   Fort Edward Augustus,                 -      32
Astor, platted,   -       -   -     -           Fort Howard Manufactories,  -       -    210
Bank of Green Bay,      -     -         1-51   Fort Howard, platted,,  -     -    136
Baird, Hon. II. S.. mentioned,      -      7   Fo  River Improvement,         -     -    109
Bay City Light Guards,           -       244   Franks, Jacob, mentioned,   -        -      36
Black Hawk War, cited,        -     -     79   French and Indian War, cited,               30
Borough of Green Bay, organized,   -      92   Fort Surrendered,        -     -            34
Brown County in the War of the Re-              Green Bay Advocate.   -       -      -    112
bellion,      -     -     -      159-178   Green Bay Savings Bank,         -     -    246
Building of Fort Howard,      -        -      46   Green Bay Transit Company,       -    166
Caimp Smith,    -       -     -     -     45   Green Bay and Minnesota Rail Road,         226
Carver, mentioned,      -     -     -     32   Grignon, Pierre, noticed,      -      -     35
Catholic Mission of 183,            -     6      reat Fires of1871,     -     -      -    22
Catholic Diocese, established,      -     t98   Hoskinson, Geo. E., noticed, -            288
Centennial Year, -        -   -     -    288   Howe, Hon. T. O., mentioned,          -    220
Centennial Fourth of July,           -    298     udd, Hon. T. R., mentioned,        -    252
Chapman, Col. William, mentioned,         55   Incidents from 1639 to 1689,   -     - 25-29
Chicago and Northwestern Rail Road,    166   Incidents from 1689 to 1816,   -       - 3044
Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul R. R.   238   Incidents from 1816 to 1830,   -      - 45-72
Colony of New York Indians, -       -     60   Incidents from 1830 to 1840,.        -73-96
Curious Deed,    -  -  -  -   6     Incidents from 1840 to 1850,   -    - 97-128
Curious Deed,                             66
Incidents from 1850 to 1810,   -     129-156
Description of Brown County -Cities             Incidents from 1860 to 1870,   -     157-201
Iand Towns,  -      -     -      2-2        Incidents from 1870 to 1876.   -     204-254
Decoration Day, 1876,   -     -     -    292   Incidents from 1870 to 1876    -      204254
De Langlade, a poem, (Bella French,)      11   Irwin, Hon. R, mentioned,       -     11
De Langlade settled at Green Bay,  -      30,., mentioned, - 
Jacobs, John B., mentioned,  -      -     35
De Pere HdBank,.  -m    -     -           Johnston, Geo., mentioned,  -       -     55
De Pere Hydraulic Company, -        -     84
De Pere H    ydr aulc Company,    -  -    91   Johnston, Rev. T. J., mentioned,    -    141
De Pere as County Seat,       -     -     91   Kellogs National Bank,         -           239
Kellogg's National Bank,      -          239
De Pere and its Water Power, -      -    129   Kelly on.D.M., noticed,   -           - 
Kelly, Hon. D. M., noticed,   -     -    227
De Peres and their Manufactures,   -     204        e, Judge, noti      -           -      36
Dickinson's Folly,      -     -     -     84
Dickinson's Folly,      -     -     -     84   Lake Pepin Rail Road Chartered,   -    192
Doty, Judge, mentioned              -     64
Early Settlement of De Pere, -      -     77
Early Settlers, mentioned,    -     - 26-92   Legislature Convenes at Green Bay, -         87
Early History of Shanty Town,       - 58-76   Madison, Dr. W.S., murdered,                 48
Eastman, Col H. E., mentioned,    -      188   Marquette's Description of Green Bay,    28
Ellis, Gen; A. G., noticed,    -    -     82   Marquette, noticed,                         26
Martin, Hon. Morgan L., noticed,   -      67
First Session of Court in the Northwest,  64   Martin, Ho  Morgan L., noticed,             6
First Steamer up Fox River,  -      -    142   Mission at De Pere,    -       -      -     26
First Steamer fo o River,    14    Memories of Mrs. A. B. Williams,   -    132
First Paper in the Northwest,       -
First SPaper in the NorthwestO      -    81   Meade, Hon. J. F., Tragic Death,    -    141
First Printing done in the Northwest,    67
First Printing done in the Northwest,    67   Military Life of Col. Eastman, -      -    181
First Bank in the Northwest,        -     86   Murderof David Gorham,               -      5
First Settler at Wrightstown,       -     86 Murder of Liet. Foster,                 -     53




330                   fz4e American  Sketch (lBook.
PAGE                                           PAGI
Navarino Platted,-            -     -     77   Sketch by James Millar,             -    2 68
Nicolet, mentioned,    -     -     -      25   Sketch by Capt. C. R. Merrill,      -    198
North WesterD Fur Companies,   -          42   Sketch of Wrightsiown, (Beth Day,) -    273
Old French Fort and Colony at Green            Sketch by Ursula Grignon,   -       -     42
Bay,   -      -     -     -    -      30   Smith, J. M., noticed,  -     -     -    259
Philharmonic Society, -      -     -    253   Smuggling Liquor into the Fort,    -       47
Porlier, James, mentioned,   -     -     33   State Gazette,   -       -           -    189
Recollections of Mrs. Mary Mitchell, -   97   Tanktown Platted,        -     -          17
Richardson, George, mentioned,    -    290   Tank, Rev. N, 0,, mentioned, -        -    173.
Rheume, Charles, mentioned, -      -     35   The Straight Cut,          -         -    15
Robinson, Hon. C. D., noticed.     -     112   Treaty with the Menominees,  -            87
Shanty Town Settled,  -      -     -     45   War of 1812, cited,     -     -      -     41
Sketch of Presbyterian Church, (Rev.           Wisconsin Central Rail Road, -           236
W. Crawford.)-            -     -     90   Whitney, Daniel, noticed,    -      -     78
~Sketch by J. M. Smith, -        -  -    259   Williams, Dr. A. B., noticed,  -    -    132
Sketch of Town of Green Bay, (Xavier           Williams, Eleazer, noticed,   -     -    144
Martin,)     -      -                265   Winnebago War, cited, -.         -     50
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE                                           PAGe
loN. W. J. Abrams,.       ~.    249   Hon. A. J. Irwin,..    249
Advocate Block,....    115   Rev. Thomas J. Johnston,.    249
Beaumont House,...        151   M. F. Kalmbach's Fish Depot,..    298
Col, WiUliam Chapman,..    73   Judge John Lawe,...     73
Cook's Hotel,....    243     on. M. L. Martin,.. 169
De Peres,...  214 and 215   Map Green Bay and Minnesota Rail Road, 284
Duchateaus' Block,...      41   Map Wisconsin Central Rail Road,          304
Col. H. E. Eastman,..     73   Map of the Burnt District,.           224
(reen Bay, two views,..    38 and 39   Old Fort Howard,.           49
First Printing Office in the Northwest,    82   George Richardson, Esq.,..    249
First National Hotel,...    201   Col. Charles D. Robinson,.,    169
Hon. T. 0. Howe,.     - Frontispiece   J. M. Smith, Esq.,..           73
Port Howard, two views,.  118 and 119   Schwartz & Co.'s Planing Mill.            211
Hon. T. R. Hudd,..        169   I)r, A. B. Williams,..          169
Indian Signatures,..    66 and 67   Hon. Daniel Whitney,..           4
arww-r **i~~L~uc~ —*rrl~~C —~)~-U-) —CU-o4




TI A t8         l  ktt I Bcl -o       is-to   0f  rai    Joty
WHOLEALE AND BETAIL DEALERS IN
t ~q [........................r -.-....._; r..........
g  y8::'8:-:E~r -,,, A\, UPr -AN8
CROCKERY, GLASSWARP,,
Outle ry,.echanics' Tools, &c.
Sole Agents for th~ Celebrated
rofpo     TiDftYf~AIlU WA  1flAlT
Firm in the belief that "He who gives the Best Value will ever win in the
race for commercial supremacy," we have constantly striven to that end.
W. A. BINe  iA  & 00.i
Nrest -De Pere, B"8Wisoonsin,




MRs.-J. SPRAGUE.
42 P IY'EI S TbJR EIETJ)
-  _R r               MI -   -..    -_
Andrew E. Elmore.        David M. Kelly.       James H. Elhore.
r<eri            r,,r
FOT.7.4EDIfrTGANDB —
AND PROPRIETORS OF THE
The Union Steam Boat Co's Green Bay & Buffalo.Propeller Liue.
DEALERS IN GRAIN, $ALT, COAL, CEMENT AND STUCOGO
- ~.




~VXEXM  mP 0ER5 LOTS' -and FsMtte
O;'OFERS TO SELL ORt LEASE
LOTS V7 T 3PtOWE
In the Village of De Pere and West Depere, Brown Co., Wis,
AND TO SELL FARMS OF FROM
5 TO 100 AC'sS7
WVithin or adijoining the Corporate Linmits of said Villages.
The Water Power is made by the firat Dam  on the Fox River ol the Green Bay and
Mississippi Canal Company.
The Villages of De Pere and West De Pere lie on opposite sides of Fox.River, and are
connected by a eommodious Bridge of Fifteen Hundred Feet in length. Their population
nunbers over four thousand people. There are eight churches; three public and one private
school; four Furnaces for smelting Iron Ore; one extensive Rail Road Car Mannfactory and
Iron Works; one Foundry; one Machine Shop; three Flour _Mills; two large Wooden-Ware
Factories; three Shingle Mills; four Saw Mills; two Sash and Door Factories; one Stave Factory; one Hub and Spoke Factory; five Wagon Shops: seven Smitherier, a Steam Forge. and
various other Manufactories. The Mlilwaukee and Northern Railway runs on the river bank
through De Pere, and the Chicago and Northwestern Depot is at West De Pere. The Goodrich
Line of Steamers makes regular trips between De Pere and Chicago, and the Buffalo line takes
freight from our wharves to Buffalo and intermediate ports. a For terms or further particulars, apply in person or by letter to          JOSEPH[   G. LAWTON, Pres't,
DE PERE, BROWN CO., WiS.
A new Machine retain.g' all the dur-ble qualities of the older Machines while
dispensing with many ot their objectionable points.
Our great f action in this Machine is the entire absence of camrs or co, wheels'
and other complicated devices for driving needle-bar feed and shuttle.  Tnere is by
actual count less than one-half the working parts contained in the older Machines.
The great simplicity of the iMachine renders it extremely light rmnning and reduces
the wear and the liability to get out of order to the lowest possible point.  But
above all it fits the public.  Xny one can run it.  It needs only a, few  irs-mutes instruction to run it.  Another result of its great simplicity is the fa.ct that if you
happen to run the MIachine baclkwards it does not brealh the needle or thread but it
sews just as well as when turned forward.  In addition the Machine is very large
and strong, uses any kind of thread and nmakes the lockstitch (shuttle) and will sew
from the linest gause to the heaviest sole leather.  The present price, at which  the
iachine is sold, t35 and upwards, puts it in reach of alL
Fl'TOHER & DUNNE, M anuficturers
wowT  Mow-A~at 19-Xs




DEALER IN
LT~, RCAPS am  GENT'S FURYISHIlNG Gr00)P"
125 Washington Street-Sign of the Big Hat,
GREEN BAY9                               -  WISCONSTN.
aV, H.0DIAARVIN & CO0,
Dealers in FIN-E AND COMMON!TJtUNITURtEs
PICTURE FRAMES and MOULDINGS, WALL PAPER and CURTAINS., PS-"iJPtOLSTERING and UNDERTAKING RIECEIVE PERSON AL ATTEN'lTIOl:N.
l23'WASHrNTOos     STREET,                  GR EEN. BA-Y, WS.
(Slc,9'~'Sr Sf LA./E & CR AIVNEY.)
A-UCTIOI  ANU  COIIlg1SSI I  MHBE:
114 Washington Street, GREEN  BAY, WIS,
I am- prepared to sell all kinds of God at Aucit.ion    EAI ESTATE. BATN AK
RUTPT, MAORTGAGE and ASSIO-NEE'S SALES paticulrlzy at. end.ecd to.  Ad.
vances macde on Commissionl
AMES T,  BANNEY, Auacotoneer,
I9wesaaceNO   ent an M  + s A S                            P D
Office Cor, Broadway and George St  DE PEBE, WIR,
Mortgages, Etc., legally made oot in. moments' notice.
Fire, Life and Accident. None but First Class Companies represented and
rates as low  as in any responsible company.  Large lines placed on shoit
notice, and a specialty made of'r'-m Property alnd. Detateced'Rescidences, -which
can be insured on the installment pla.n.
To and frcm Europe at the Lowest Going Rates.
~clnt any ipart of the Worild alder gularlntee by aMorris European EXprcvC
c".i...1.             _,L0T  ACIIE:
Of C0loice Farminn' Lands in lowa anld Nelraska fo;r sale oen ten yea  e
aodLit, SaX  i' lwetnl  s g iving. f- d'ei lona s  >and p'li'ax 




A)DVfta TXSXV  s0UPPLEMUIT%                t
Q~T              A  
F iT  8 OWNARD, SIXTIH SWCO
2:   hip i'.Buid.c.ng l1id  l lepairing g Done Well
and  Prlvoi -Tiptly.
VVJIL IAM BARLAMENT
0OR!i~Bvli    LIVlRY  AND SALE STABLES,'I.ia:i Straebt,, Between Ohestnut and. Oherry Streets,
-JQ^" R II -SI O'Ais g;T  X k        If VIr( COI) hNI
KKA.LKI NS T &  P                  EO ERS
DEAL El S IN
SGtvi  b-0'3duc l              at~ss t Foure and FeedI
~...-^.............'IVb,:;H2:  strrs, FO BHWADAC.    IS.A
BUTC-I:Ei A DN.A) 1EAE IN
y^    FBI Mi.i r.+! Bi   M Iit.ll, Port ikPotlli II  Yegotablo3'in i  "St  FOn jT HO5 WARD, WiS0CONSINT
-g  & %g;10 xs v M, Etf  XP $v$rtie
~  "AIB:,,SO~ --  
Wts.-:le  and -ea-   De1r i na   I -1AVANA ara aothe CHOIC:E CIGAS,
CORNER lAIN STREET AND BROADWAY,
AN. E' [S AT LAWS
O"::'IPO!CE-GOO'Jr WASHINGITON AND PINE STiEETTS,,1B A Y_~x_ l              GU.EL.NT BA Y, ICOSI
G.I,, -.''   ALY,  A/ISC-    SINL




6                 tISVoY 01 B0QWI. OOXTI.- )l o4t1_e3a1atee. aL  Tt 4Xl0lateat.
DUCHAJTEAU & BRO
Jobbers, and Wholesale Dealers in
Coraner of Mau and W ashi8ngton  ts. S.,  GREEN BAY, WIS,
C P:IETZOT & c 0.
Dealers in DRUGS, MEDIOINES and CiHEICALS,
Fancy and Toilet Articles. Sponges. Brushes. Perfumery, &c. jIPrescriptions
carefully compounded with accuracy and dispatch by competent persons, at
all hours of the day and night.'W.o A. ]~1RANDENvTIN,
MiERCHANT TAILOR
and: Dealer in
GIEEN ]BAY,.                       -           WI S.
DEALE  IN
SA o9$-$0 [   aW t LSu,  oat ooz' u$ 8sot   of   & e
90 Washington St, one door south of. R. SEchettler's.
cS5~sgwEEoifL  12  NffrghigtigotonrvE*4eaMs  lvl'E&aqr nSa^aa Ba    C m                E R
B dD 2v 1"                  *J IT.   -




ADVj V-P IS  Sr  -8 IN  PM L MM 0 MTt
COPT, ~a& T.YTL.R
BE.AUMON.I,R.EEN.
n- HOUSE                               BAYSi o
BARNP,                               WISOONSIN,
BiA]/NIi aiN!  S;ll  ST/BLES,
FI ST CLASS RIGS ON SHORT  NOTICE.
IWHOLESAIE AND RETAIL D)EALER IN
BSBB     off
GLASSWARE, LAMP GOODS CUTLERY, BIRD CAGS,s and
/HOUSE FURNISHING  GOODS'
O(rocery and Glassware, by the Orate and Bos, and Repaeked,
8 7 Washington St,   GREEN BAY WIS>.-/
j. P0EoI - S0Tso &            co-.,
CHEST:,'E A 2 11^ 3 i      $m *^
Fine Toilet Goods, Paints, Oils, Glass, & Dye-Stuffs,
tC:=?EAGLE DRUG STORES 
Wasvinton St,.. -GEEN BAY, WIS




-                sM L fT'.e \a'                  eT:
HISTORYO pBROWN COUNTY.
/@;Xt  </ -^/ o ooent for tho Th0-nn' 2Sp)etoe1o snol Ly GB&ua^D
S   D  iraa    Stl. n     ii
t7  ---          A         ^ ^ =  A T.~^-J  1
-]BEADS'T1EADS, CHLIRTES, TA.. BLES STA NDCOSt etvc.)
ifacturer o alW o holes ale    a dd R retail   1)Deal in 
Unt'  FurniBEDSTEADS, CHats, TABLES. STANDS, etc.Etc
\      I TBOYS   AND YOUTHP   S "  L OTHING.   " J"
Common7, Roewood, and Wal-t C'OFFIN'S maudl CASK( ETSI: Also F1SX'S
PATENT 7NI1ET.A L.(C B UR-IAL CAS ES &;,'AS \ —I awTJ_; alwrys o h,1): a, i,.
130 W ashington S t.,                                        GJI..-"i'''..~, "i'af.ALER, S  II STA LEi  D   FANJY
Successc.r to Richxxna LIe:1-, edhrnan.
and Wholesale anid Reail Dealer in
Gent's Furnishing  Goods, Hats, Cap&5  TIsnk   S, I. thle,                tit
BOYS' A-ND YOUTI-IS'  CL6THIN G.
130 Washirngton St                                           GIE1s11M Bis2. tV
TDEAERS IN STAPLE TND P.ANC          (
FRUITS, 00NFE`TI0j1EEl   &r,
VWRMEN'i~~a~s~~~x~~d~i ~i~b~s~ ~            "~-:!..e~




ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT.                             9..
D. BUTLER & SON,
DEALERS IN
8t~Ie s~~ ~~noy DI:Y OOmDS
Ladies' Furnishing Goods, Corsets, Notions, &c.
C A_-"S' ['~E-_C Ai zN      O 11. C LOTIJ~.,
S  E~VI~N'~_rk 1~  LCXI-II_-El  ENTIEl TFID_)tE[S.
0ORDERS BY  M'AIL  PROMPTLY  FILLED.   AGENTS FOR BUTIERICK'S PATTE   NS,
BANK ] OF DE PERE.
M. 3. I.:IIUNT, _i-estldelnt.:E. SI^TAiSF<RiD, Casl tieP.:iESXC(; NiT^:E'; l M[ITEJi, A ss9't  Cashier-.
Transacts a GENERAL BANKiING BUSINESS. Government and Corporate Bonds, Gold
and Silver bought and sold. Drafts on all parts of the World. Agents for the sale of
Passage Tickets from and to the Old World, by Cunard, Inman, National and Guion
lines. Time and Current Deposits Rec'd. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT now open.
Interest at the rate of six per cent. per annum, compounded seoiii-annually.
tiThe customary Pass Books printed in the German, Holland and English languages
will be given.
The LARGEST STOC K!
The LOWEST PRICES!!
The BEST STYLES!!
ARE ALWAYS TO BE FOUND AT
WlM. H[OFFMANS
IlERHAlT  PTAILOI' HOISEt.
Mv Stock of FINE BLACK CLOTHS and DOESKINS as, well as imported and
domestic FANCY CASSIMERES, is the most complete ever exhibited here.
Gentlemen will please make a note of the fact. In
Ready -Made CLOTHI N G,
We always keep a full assortment for GENTS, YOUTHS and BOYS.
g=lThe want long felt by Gentlemen here, for getting SILK HATS to fit the exact
shape of the head has been removed. I have the only French CONFORMATOR in the
city and am enabled to guarantee fits every time. GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS, Hats
and Caps and everything usually found in first-class clothing houses, alvays on hand in large
quantities, best qualities, and at lowest living price.
WM. HOFFMAN,
Washington Street, GREEN BAY, WIS.
B




10                       H1STORY  OF BROWN  COUNTY.
GBBF]i kiA all  IENES0ThA
NOW  COMPLETE AND IN OPERATION BETWEEN
GRE]EN BAY  Nd LA CRO
The SHORTEST, MOST DIRECT  and  MOST  DESIRABLE ROUTE  between
GR21914 DAY and
NEW LONDON,                       WINONA,.    ST. PAUL,
GRAND RAPIDS,                     LA CROSSE,    MINNEAPOLIS,
DUBUQUE, STEVENS POINT,
And intermediate Towns connecting at WINONA  and LA  CROSSE, on the
Mississippi River with lines of Steamers for
ALL MISISSIPPI RIVER POINTS!
THIS ROAD AFFORDS THE' SHORTEST AND CHEAPEST ROUTE
BETWEEN THE:Pinie  }^"olests of iNox- lelrix /lviseo    sil  aaiicl'thLte  (c-reat
ILtafles aLnidl  Jlississippi l$iver.
Also, the Most Direct and Desirable Route between
Buiffialo, Cle-velsiiicL nd     l a td etro lt  iL t.he L3 aJes arid all
1Up3per 3Iississilipi Poi:its.
CO N iTIS T 10 T I                     S
At GREEN BAY with Chicago and Northwestern R'y for Oconto, Menominee, Escanaba,
Marquette, L'Anse. Close connections are made. except Sundays, with night and morning
trains, which run daily to Appleton, Neenah and Menasha. Oshkosh, Fond du Lac, Aiilwankee and Chicago. Through Tickets sold at principal Stations for Eastern Cities, via all
routes from Chicago. With Wisconsin Central R. B.  for Milwaukee and points on line of
that Road; also during season of navigation with Union Steamboat Company for Detroit,
Cleveland, Buffalo and New York.
At NEWr LONDON with the best equipped Stage Line in the Northwest for Clintonville,
Embarrass and SHAWANO.
At AMHEIRSI' JTUN. with Wisconsin Central R. R. for Waupaca, Medina,, MILWAUKEE
and CHICAGO.
At PLOVER   with Wis. Cen. R. R. and with fast Stage Line for STEVENS POINT.
At GRANED RAPIBS with Wisconsin Valley Railroad lor Tomah and Wausau.
At I-iATFiELD with fast Stage Line for NEILLSVILLE.
At MIERRILJ LAN JUN. with West Wisconsin Railroad for Blaclk River Falls, Madison, Eau
Claire. Menomonie, Hudson, Stillwater, ST. PAUL, MINNEAPOLIS and Breckenridge.
At V7ION A with Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R'y for Wabasha, Redwin, Hastings,
ST. PAUL and MlINNEAPOLIS. With Winona & St. Peter R. 1. (C. & N. NT.) for St.
Charles, Rochester, Owatonna, Mankato, New Ulm and St. Peter, and during the season of
navigation with Keokuk Northern Line, "A 1" Packets for all Mississippi liver Points.
At LA CROSSE with Southern Minnesola R. R. and with Chicago, Dubuque & Mlinnesota R.
R. and with Keokuk Northern Line of Packets.
D.  lM   KELLY, Gen'lManager,                   S, B. KENRICK, Supt.




ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT.           11
I__________________ _______ __                   ii
D.                      I
-  ~D ae 2  ~           iet
Mrs. A, B. WtLLt$   & SON, Proprietors.
This Large and Superior HIouse has been
re-mdodeled and re-furnished, and offers the best
Accornmmodations to the Traveling' Public. It is
Centrally Located and has ILarge and Comnodio-ls Sample Riooms.s and other lIotel Convenienceso
GOl OD> 1-,1, F)..'..A),- -ATT   ^H
GOOD   T)ABI)NG ATTA  IIIED.




12                 HISTORY OF BRO'WV  COUNTTY.
103 and 105 Washington St., 3d Floor, GREEN BAY, WIS.'i[6-EDUTA.TES LADIES ANI GOETLSElIEN FOI THE DUTIES OF PRACTICAL LIFE.
A. C. BLACKMAN, PIRINCIPAL AND PROPRIETOR.
MANUFACTUIER ANDI) IPORTEIt OF
And Dealer in
SMOK[ERS' ATICIES.
rxfhIe; $ ia iR    I 6   tal, 
~s   _   -    __    _t.NfsiRS:        _        D,,x.U  3..I':F" r;l? 
A. WEISE &  O LLMA N,'  ^W' IhI-mporteir  auci tiholesale Dealers i
i  AS~    i Chimna and  lasswiare,
&L\ SILVER WARE,
CHANDELIERS,
STONE WARE, &c.
/ 9 ""    WT'Prices G'uara, teed as low
as Chicago or Eastern Hlcuses.
93 and  95 Washigton StreetIS.
GtRtE1E~'q ]B3AY, WIS.




ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT.          13.ManufactlLarit's aInd Whloisai e and Retail Dealers in,    r-=- s  ^  SI ID
Cor, Washington and Cherry Streets,
GRE IN  BAY, -'WISCON SIN.
~:0'
ItLBJB  IIG I-ITU &  CO.
Have the Largest Stock  of La ces' and
Gent's Fine Shoes in tlhe city.  Exclusive
Agents for Edwin 0. Burt's Fine Shoes..1 G56.          ES:FABLIS:-LE) a20J  YEAR,.  3.!-'T.
DEALER IN
G R O0 C E R ES
Main St1, Corner Broadway,
F(IRPT 1-10 OVARP~Dq- WIS.




14                    HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTYO
WISXMgSIN CENTRAL R.AILVAYS
FORM THE VEIY BDEST ROUTE
~For CHICAGO.
NEW.ENGLAND,
The CANADAS,
All Eastern  and Soutern   oints!
@rIt is the only Northwestern Line connec'ting at'1the same Depot in Chic;lfgo, with any of the great Eastern or Southern Lines, and is. the most conveniently
located with reference to reaching- any Depot, Hotel or Place of Business in that city
CHE:I[CAGCO D:EIPOT'.Jorne-  Canal and  Wt IMadison St reets  Horse Cars and Stage Line for alt
parts of the City constantly passing,
COICAGO CITY OFF1TC -E
61 and 63 Canal Street,
M2ILWAU IE D DEPOT
iorner Reed and South Water Streets. Horse Cars and Omnibus Lines runnimgrl
regularly therefrom to the principal parts of the City.
CITY TICKIET OFFICE
400 East 7Water Street, cor Wisconsin Street, Milwaukee.
A.,  ie R. CAo, l a TEP 2y
Qen. TPia, and TcletP Agealt, Ohioago, Mil. na t. Paal Ballnway,
ItWLf;AE"og'-, W3is.




ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT                          15!1z                                          I 2- 1 I  X   I
PROPR IETOR OF
Lnea   t    tl  e  on Pine It  r et
11    Z: Ej 1"NT I I     3 - A All I     79VI
GasEhgt                BAYt  WISo
Be VI HARTEAU & co09
DE A.LERS IN
SHAoVLS and DBESnS GOODS..l,-Specialty made of all kinds of WORSTEDS ancld WORKING CANVASS. All
kinds of SEWING MACHINE NEEDLES. Orders Solicited
and Promptly Filled.
NVashington Street, GrREEN BAY, WIS.
DEALER IN REAL AND IMITATION
Dressi.l and Shalmpooing Ladies' and Children's Hair. Ornamentrs  of all
kinds. Old Switches colored and -made over to order as good as new. Combings
picked out and made up in new Style. Stamping' done, and Kid Gloves cleaned
alnd repaired.,DA.EY, B. WIS.




Z10"     H~IISTORY 01 BROWN COUNTY.
MONITOR^ I11EtON WO RK-LS.
D. M. BURNS,
I ANUFACTURIR, OF
_                   lEN GIN ES,
___BOILERS
AND ALL KINDS OF
COVEL'S 1PATENT SAW SHARPETEnS'TAYLOR'S PATENT SHINGLE PACKEIRS.
DEALER IN BRASS GOODS, ENGINE TRIMMINGS, Etc.
FORT IHOWARD,  -  -  WISCONSIN.
N. C. FOSTER,
MANUFAOTURER OF AND DEALER IN
K v~;~~En~ipl~.~aan. g- C~ — B~%L~6~ a~lp~~IV~ C~~-bF~r~~~-c..aak




'SABTI3is&:EXD   X  1854T
IORONI STEEL,  =                             v'4 <    MILL;F P IE S:{s 2155, and 157 Washington Street,                            GEEN'BAT7 WISG
NA{~v.>Li3                 iY            ~            t~ e CES   0 {ffi  E  &    c
Beaters in CHOICE CONaECTa rEi snES,
ti  UFITS      T, N U'T-     ('tIAS   &c.  OYST'TlRANGD ICE  CREA.M   PAtiLOJ
CONNEOTET().: iPLEASURE ANTD WEDDING PA'-TI' S
1FURNISHED A.T SHORlT NOTICE.
"1.1/   ili   t ran d i1                         4 i e              ns,'l'ht initialsin the 4i1-e  -tnc for  OItl Henlry W. Holley, of Winn(ie'afo CJity, M.'4rhis State,'who is bett:.r known to the pubrli c as,an editor, leisat'r, cidvial t'i,01xd3 ier
m.d ralroa, c superidti.itenlellt, than as a  poet,, thoulh Mhis productions ha"ve'a    i:l.en:l:\,
appeare't in the local press of the SttI;o a-i-l ha. ve man'y  nadmirer,. " oitit.ia.,..'4,d Otihe.r Poems, "is ain elegant volumes of 126 pag'es dedicated  "to IHoe. -A i~liatii
W\i:ndonma    United States Senator from Mi nnt esota, whose public life stands.m marked:ralntrast to all that is satirized in thses  p   es."  T'he title poem1  is now  printetd for
l    tme, and e!t tme, and we a   sure tha  all who know  the author will be im1':oi,,      t to
a,'ad  this splendid satirn  on political tricksters of the daty.   It is full' viva,.it 
it humnnor and sarcaim,  atnd yet not p]lpapbly  person al —tht  t is  not  intended  to
st'.i:- a  blow at any particular  individual.  The mii.ior poims, e'v enteen in n1n11b1'
rio equalluy nieritoFilous, and  thevoh'luTm-   s a- 1       whole,  wril not  en.haInce the authllor0)'cpxt. tattion act home, but should give, him  rank ani.l ong the poets of thil  11. tion, not
I'below that enjoyed by Saxe, -whose style is not dissilmilar, to Mr. Hooley's.  The
pn-.lihiliers are Claxton, Remsen &  Hlaflfltfiner, who will send a copy to any a' ddr"-s' r     i^pxdptt of   1.00. — Pios eer Press
ihe books for which there is most demandi in this worried and Stirurin   a.f, ar Se'   t ho'a'  e
ywoHe basis is fun in -onne of its nmanifestations. The i'PoLITICIA^8' s' i a coel'ctt io  of satiri1'.alpoems by H. W. HO..LEY, of Winnebago City, Minnesota. The title poex-1 is now pailtel
for;he first time, but the, best of the others niil be commended to the reader by the circuin-. r.oattanuce that many of them have appeared in. the "G'raphic" during the patit, two vears, 31ar. 1
-'~it:2one( of our contributors. SoAme01 hers woe ahill copy. The book sp'arkl's witlh vivacity sand'::.'.bles over0l with fun. and we congratsulate o'ur tIedgling on the song ho  ii:gts.h- "ax'wa York
t s     s avery neat worlk, fill of life, vim, i1cae, sarcasm and hard hits as good. powder i oaf e -
1po.iln. T'he author here has had not only one but a great many good ideas, and proves  by hi
*p.;n'ted at ir ei that  he is a rlo   observer, has keen wit and a.i1 uuisual amount of' 1\hatt L i   rml.,:compreeliensive ability. The argument tells
"1iow Bunkem, Patch, and Bab, all three,
Great men as eyes could. wish to see,"'.ia::;. iatr political reputatioii, notoriety an.d prf)tit at the expeu.8e of the eve. gullible public. —
"''ti:.l>?aJtrv'S Chicago.Democrat.",^




18                         HISTOR.Y  OF BROWN  COUNTYo
W$SC.NS $].N CENTRAL
operate by PHILIPS & COLBY CONST'UCTION COMPANY,
Thi lils Thoroglfre of__orilir   eRtr lWisconsin l!
The SHORTEST and MOST POPULAR ROUTE from
AND  ALL POINTS  NOI(RrlT   TO
PLY~~"9~'~e~:O"TI-I,. S:H~3~:BB OY.O~2k~~~)
PI ALiIIOUT>t  0, C~IC-GANO
AND  A.:LL EA.STERN, S(OUTHERN  AN) SOUTH-WESTERN  STA.TES
TWO DAILY TRAINS BETWEEN'
GEEI 4BAY and IgLIPAEE  
K'-"^One tihroul'h Line daifly between  (.-REEN  BAY  AN) DEPERE. 5MT,,ASIA,  ST'EVENS POINT, SPENCER, C(OLB Y. DOR.CHESTER, MEDFOH)FI-)
\\TV1EST'B[IORO.9 PHILLTPS. ET. FIPIELI) andR ASHLAN1 D, LSAKE SUPERIOR. Malkingt
c'lomlect ions o WA'TVJSAU and G-RAND  RAPIDS,  l(1d wvith Southern  Division I.t
Steven  Point for Po lover, Piainfield, Hancock, c Westfield,  Packwaukee, PO1RTA(-t <
_.CITY and,MA'DISON,
D  YTTl tT UT' DT1TfS  n A             1 1 T^ MILIWA.IKEE and CHI1GAGO dafiiv;
THP~OUG   SLEEPING  CARS To  WII iTKIE and CICAGO d iii
I R U         H    SLEEP U;^1  M^ ~^gIN     C AjWS  except Sunday, on evening tra'in Soluri.,
rllrivinr iil'ITniou DIepot cor. Madison and Canal Streets, Chicago, at 7 a, m. The AMilwaukSileepint Ca6'r will be detached from train on arrival in.Milwaukee, and passengers can rest nl1is1lurbd)e in it until mnorunil, The return Sleeper firon l Milwaukee to Green Bay will he ii
t'cadiness for pi).ssengers at 8:'0 p. m. and will be attached oIn rrival of 9:30 p. mn, trailn fi:,i.
('lic ago,.t U  MILWAULKEE wit.h Chicago, hMilwaukee & St. Paul and Weestern Union Railwa:.-. i!
Uniou): Depot,'Reed Street,
At PLY MOPUTH with Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railwa  fior Shcbhoygan and Fond du Lac.
A. t  FOi.S.CT JUNCTIOIN withl Mtiiwaukee, Lake Shore aind.Western ]tlil wavs.
At G-REEN BAY with G. B. & M1..Ry for New London and. C:,  N, W. Rly for points Notrt.h.,
At AME;S;i IISI JUN-CTI6A     Wvitlh Green Bav & Minn. R'y for  Grand Rapids and points West.
~At J'UNCTION CITY with Wis. Valley  Railway for Wausai.
At PORTAGE with C., M. & St. P,R y for MIadison a.nd the, West.
E. B. PILLIP S  ~e    anager   E BA0 QN, E     pt, HENRY PRATT, Gep Ti k. A.gt,,
11. IL~A.i-W     U ~IIC;52 iaE.
pW lThis Cnompany offers 1'or                         u lnin I ands Rober Lueand. n th,:
sale a large an-ou nei t of exsellt et  -e              line of its Road, covered vit.lh..
heavy gror6wth of Pine., iIernlock, Oak, Maple, Beach and Elm. Payments easy..A 4.8.9. CO.LBY  eLant Com m~i.'fio.esrc  Afiotw.leu^ te, 1'is.




ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENTo                                             1'
PHILIPP  KLAUS,
DEALER IN
WfNDOW SHADES, OIL-CLOTH TABLE'COVERS, TOYS AnD FANCY
GOODS, WORSTEDS, KNITTING COTTON. YARN, WILLOW
WAR.E.         ET-CHILDREN''S (AR- IA(ES, &c., &c.:.,A.IREGTO. STR.EET, FIRST DOOR }                         CT~AY WIT
N'It.{ LOF D.]l,'HITLER          (}N. i''     1       B       BA  Y    W IOS
Rea   1'Bell Prn h's  e w                                           Interestin  Story:_ _NT ITLEDI
N                                         an
fliroucrhout.    r   iei                            fi tBla IAdo                        tl5
s *                FStruggling up to the Light is the story of a felf-made woian and like all simil1ar
stories 1will be w elcomned by that large class of people who have either accomplished the f(fi t
or still wrestling with it. It will also prove extremely stimnulatiing to those who, wistfullv
longing, ihave not yet entered the arena.. Bella French writes in a crisp. cheerful wta, alnd th(l
rise: ofPer lite rar  lady from proverty to fame holds thle  reader ail)ot as she would wish --;"hicago Timees."
*    T'he story posesses s;uficient, interest to hold  the close attention of the read(lt
throughou t. —h'oGreen Bay Advocate."
We, "WTest Texas Free Press," have received a copy of the above wvork firom the gitted autlhoress, and heartily endorse the following (copied from the Green Bay "State CIazett e:"
*    *    The pages of the book are replete with interest. Mrs. French is a vigorous
writer yet gracefil and easy with'd. As a story writer, she combuines the.requisites of stlccess.'ter plan  is thoronghly matured, and the construction natural, and consecqiently made
subject to the end in viewx. The dottings of sentimoent and song cannot fail to impress thie
ret der with their fitness and be auty.
I. like "Stri.ggling up to the Light" ever so much. The stanzas atl the commencement Iof
the chapters are heattiful, aind the closingi poeml is one of the most beautiful. alnd touching 1
ever reaad. How tll he, art of tle author nmust stir with sympathy for:all mankind, and in whs.r,
thirlling lanonuat-e she clothes her ideas. low I love the closing lines and how I should love
the author too, if I Inew her. —Ex.tract from a letter by a Minnesota lady to a friend.
1* The beautiful binding is no more than appropriate for the interestinr        g enclosenres.,.- "Steve-s Point Pinery."
"'Strug<ling ulp to the Light" is:h.e title of a new story by Mrs. Bella French, known to
our people'amog other ways as the editor of the American Sketch Book. It is elegtntly gotten lp by Kean, Cook &c Co., 113 State street, Chicago. The story is interestino and'. pathetic
It describes the struggles of a misunderstood, unappreciated child, from poverty and sufferina
"up to the light," and displays a great deal of invention, dramatic power, and narrative skill. —' "au Claire'ree Press."
In ouir ltst, we made a brief mention of Mrs. Bella French's new work, lack of space preventi;l a more extended one at that time. We are so pleased with the work that we desire to
call more than a passing attention to it. It is a charaming story clothed in simple yet beauitiful
language.   *    *    The author's gift of son0   is shown in the m1any gems of poetry which_
are scatterel through the book. Here she is most at ht ille. Mrs. Frenc i is an author of whom
Wisconsin ought to be prIod, and wye' trust thlat this state at least, will aplpreciate her efforts
mied lenl a he'lping h'md t;i one whi is "strggiling up to thea ligiht,"- -"Fort Hovard Review. "'




1,i3)                        HISTORY  OF  BROWN' COUNTY.
Dousma  Street Bxi dge.,
/I
F   OR, rJ             =IO
(8ucessor to JOEL   S. FSK.)
WiJOLLSATE XND RIITAIL I)EATELR-i IN ALL KINDS OF
I would respectfully announce to the citizens of Fort Howard and Green Bay, that I hav^
o:lpened: a RETAIL ESTABLISIH1ENT for the sale of all kinds of Fresh Lake and River Fiah,
LAKE  SUPERIOR TROUT, &c, Orders from Hotels and Boarding Houses will be promptly
filled and delivered
I would also announce to the Fishermen on Green Bay and Lake Michigan, that I have th.l
Ai:ecyv for the sale of the   y -AIMERBICAN NET AND TIWINE  CO'S CELEIRATEID (GILLIN('TiRE ADS, TWINES and NETTINGS and can furnish all kinds of nets made to order om
hort inotice, and at N. Y. Prices. Will constantly keep on hand the best quality of Gillin.g'Threads, Cotton Nettings and Twines, Cordage, Fish Barrels, Salt, &c.  Country orders for
t^i: sh or salt Fish will receive prompt attention.
1ML~~ <3  -:11b3 vtC}0 




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THE DAILY STATE GAZETTE is a First Class Business and.Family Journal.
As a Local Paper it excels in giving the fullest details of everything of
public interest transpiring in this locality.
Each issue contains the Latest News, both Domestic and Foreign.
THE DAILY GAZETTE discusses with ability and brevity, all the current
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XrEERELY ST TE GAZETTE
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and the constant and rapid increase in its circulation affords both a flattering and
substantial evidence of its popularity.
Aside from its political character, TIHE STATE GAZETTE, as its na1me indicates,
o'ives a complete weekly review  of everything of interest transpiring  in  the
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and patronage firmly established; and its extensive circulation in Northern Wisconsin, renders it the most desirable medium for advertising in the State.
JOB PRINTING OFFICE is complete, having all the facilities and superior
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