MANU AL OF PUBLIC LIBRARIESS, INSTITUTIONS, AND SOCIETIES, IN THE UNITED STATES, AND BRITISH IPROVINCES OF NORTH AMERICA. By WILLIAM J. RHREES, CHIEF CLERK OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPIN C O TT & C O. 1859. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, BY WILLIAM J. RHEES, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the District of Columbia. C. SHERMAN & SON, PRINTERS, Corner Seventh and Cherry Streets, Philadelphia. CONTENT S. PAOE NOTES AND ERRATA, iv INTRODUCTION..... V THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIBRARY BUILDINGS... vii Lighting and Heating Libraries, viii Fittings and Furniture, ix LOCAL ARRANGEMENT.i. ROUTINE DUTIES,. i CLASSIFICATION, xiii CATALOGUES xiv Preparation, xiv Cost of Catalogues, Xvi CLASSES OF BOOKS READ, Xvii NUMBER OF VOLUMES READ).. XX BOOKS IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES,.xi EXCHANGES, xxii SALARIES OF LIBRARIANS,. xxiii STATISTICAL TABLES, xxiii NOTICES OF LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1 i" t~" CANADA, 528'~ "r NOVA SCOTIA, 550 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES,. 552 SUNDAY-SCHOOL LIBRARIES. 578 MILITARY LIBRARIES,... 582 LIST OF LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES,.... 585 it r " BRITISH PROVINCES,. 666 INDEX,. 666 NOTES AND ERRATA. Page 39. ILL. Springfield. Ill. Institution for the Blind is located at Jacksonville, not Springfield. Page 41. Ill. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb is at Jacksonville, not Springfield. Pages 55 and 597. Ky. Augusta. " Augusta College has ceased to exist."Letter from J. Doniphan, late Secretary. 1858.'Page 88. The College of St. James is not in Chestertown, as might be supposed from the types. Its post-office is " College of St. James." Page 124. Harvard College: lines 18 to 27 should be omitted. Page 464. Franklin College is the post-office as well as the name of the College. It is not in Columbia, Tenn. Page 465. Hiawassee College is the post-office of the College of that name, not Greeneville, Tenn. Page 525. Only $5000 have been appropriated for the Territorial libraries of Kansas and Nebraska. Page 597. KY. Harrodsburg. Bacon College is now "Kentucky University." Letter from H.f H. White, May, 1859. Page 640. S. C. Theological Department of Furman University is discontinued, and an independent Theological Seminary established, for which $100,000 have been raised in South Carolina. Letter from C. H. Judson, May, 1859. Page 642. TEXAS. Chappell Hill. Soule University succeeds Chappell Hill College, and has its buildings, &c. The Young Men's Christian Association of Philadelphia is now the largest in this country, having 2000 members and a large library. A full notice of this highly useful and important society was accidentally omitted in the proper place. An account of the Agricultural Societies in the United States, may be found in the Patent Office Reports for 1857 and 1858. Most of these, however, have but small libraries. The " Boston Library" has been transferred to the " Athenaeum." in the same city. The Mass. Historical Society now has 100 members. " Normal College," North Carolina, is now called " Trinity College." It has a library of 600 volumes. Columbian Society, 2500; and Hesperian Society, 2400 volumes. Part of the Introduction was transposed after the Index was printed. INTRODUCTION. TniIS work was commenced with the intention of making it merely a continuation of a report prepared by Professor C(. C. Jewett in 1850 for the Smithsonian Institution, but the materials which were collected in answer to circulars, contained much information relative to educational and other institutions that the compiler thought too important to be omitted. When, however, the work was presented to the Secretary of the Institution, he found it so extended with matter not within the original design, that he did not think himself authorized to adopt it as a Smithsonian report on libraries. The work is therefore published by the compiler in the belief that the additional matter, while swelling the cost beyond the appropriation which was made for it by the Institution, will greatly increase its value, and render it more acceptable to the public. Full acknowledgment is here made for the materials collected, and the facilities afforded in the preparation of this volume, by the Smithsonian Institution. The difficulties in procuring information, and of properly arranging the data, can only be appreciated by those who have been engaged in statistical inquiries. While much, which could be desired, has not been accomplished, many imperfections may be attributed to the fact that the work was prepared at the intervals of leisure, during several years, from the engrossing duties of a responsible position, and that unavoidable delays have occurred in the publication. It is hoped, however, that the facts presented will be considered valuable and instructive, and will not only serve to throw new light on our advancement as a people; but will tend to produce greater interest in those powerful means of mental and moral improvement,our Public Libraries. Vi INTRODUCTION. The name of Professor Jewett is affixed in the index to those notices taken in whole or in part, from his Report; and other authorities are also referred to in the same manner. Special acknowledgments are due, however, to the following persons: S. Hastings Grant, Esq., Colonel J. H. Wheeler, Y. Peyton Page, Esq., William Q. Force, Esq., D. Jay Browne, Esq., Ben. Perley Poore, Esq., Lyman C. Draper, Esq., Pierre J. O. Chauveau, Esq., and F. B. Hough, Esq. Also to the following publications: C. B. Norton's Literary Gazette and Annuals, R. A. Guild's Librarian's Manual, Thomas Hodgin's Canada Educational Directory, H. Barnard's Journal of Education, R. C. McCormick's Young Men's Magazine, The Quarterly Reporter and Young Men's Christian Journal, Rev. Z. Freeman's Manual of Amrerican Colleges, American Almanac, Educational Year Book. The size of this volume precludes the insertion of articles on several subjects, which were originally designed to form a part of the Introduction. Instead of these, however, extracts containing much important information relative to the construction of library buildings, lighting and heating, fittings and furniture, local arrangement, routine duties, and the classification of books, are made from an elaborate and highly valuable work by Mr. Edward Edwards, of England, entitled "Memoirs of Libraries," published since the greater part of this volume was printed. WVe also give the results of the examination of the materials at our command relative to the construction of catalogues and cost of printing them; classes and number of books read; books in different languages; exchanges; salaries of librarians, and statistical tables. After the Introduction, with several articles and tables not here given, was prepared, it was lost by the person to whom it had been sent for examination, and the appearance of the volume has therefore been delayed, until, as much as time would allow could be reproduced. LIBRARY BUILDINGS. V11 THE CONSTRUCTION AND FURNISHING OF LIBRARY BUILDINGS.* " 1. THE site must be dry and airy, and capable of affording light on several, and (when possible) on all sides. The building should, therefore, be isolated, and if it be necessary to place it near to any great thoroughfare, as much open space as possible should intervene. " 2. The building should be fire-proof; walls, floors, and roof should be exclusively formed of brick, stone, iron, and slate. If the readingroom, or any other special apartment have a wooden floor, it should be embedded in stucco upon a stone flagging, or upon brick arches. "3. The ground floor should be vaulted, and in the external walls of the entire structure there should be ample passages and channels for ventilation. If the building be extensive, large water pipes ('fire mains') should be carried along the roof.'4. In general, the building should not exceed two stories in height, and the upper floor should be lighted by sky-lights, lantern lights, or cupolas. " 5. The principal room, or rooms, for the reception of books should be of such proportions, and be so constructed, as to admit of the greater part of the contents of the library, if of moderate extent, being seen at one view. "6. The entire collection of books should be accessible without steps or ladders. This condition may be attained in the loftiest rooms by the use of light galleries of perforated iron, with railings breast high, and with small spiral staircases at each angle. These galleries should be placed in tiers at intervals of about every seven feet, of the height of the inner walls; so that if these be thirty-five feet high in the clear, there would be four such tiers on all sides of the room. 1" 7. The reading-rooms should invariably be distinct from the rooms appropriated to the main collection of books. If the library be a large one, two reading-rooms at least should be provided. Such rooms should be shelved for the reception of books of common reference, and of a selection of such as form the bibliographical apparatus of a library. A smaller and contiguous room should be assigned for * E. Edwards, Memoirs of Libraries, 2 vols. 8vo., Triibner & Co. London: 1859. Most of this matter is also found in vol. xiii of the Encyclopedia Britannica. viii LIBRARY BUILDINGS. the use of such readers as need special facilities for collation, copying, and other like pursuits. The reading-rooms should be provided with a series of shelved closets, which might be distinguished by the letters of the alphabet, for the reception of books which are in continuous use by readers from day to day. " 8. There should be an ample provision of smaller rooms for the general business and internal working of the library. In any considerable library, the following rooms will be indispensable: 1. A receiving and unpacking room, with access, if possible, distinct from that of the public. 2. A stamping and registering room. 3. A cataloguing and account-keeping room for clerks and transcribers. 4. A bookbinding room. If the binding be done within the library premises, this room should communicate with the workshop; but if otherwise, advantage will result from the assigning a separate small room to the business connected with binding. 5. Committee or board room, with ante-room thereto. 6. Librarian's room or study. In a large library, this room also should have its vestibule or waiting-room. 7. Rooms for the assistant librarians and attendants, according to the extent and character of the library. 8. Cloak-rooms, lavatories, and other conveniences. 9. A room, the extent and situation of which must depend on the other arrangements of the library, into which the books can be readily wheeled on proper trucks or barrows, for the dusting and cleansing, which is periodically needful." LIGHTING AND HEATING. " It may now be taken to be a settled point, that a library can be so constructed as to be warmed either by open fire-places (which in most cases would have descending flues), or by hot water pipes carried throughout the building with equal and absolute security against danger by fire. In the former case, the fire-places should be grated and the grates locked; in the latter, the apparatus should be heated by furnaces and boilers placed either in fire-proof vaulted chambers beneath the library, or in an isolated building; the pipes should be carried through all the apartments in channels provided in the fireproof floors, at a distance of at least three feet from the nearest books; other pipes should be carried round, or near to, all extensive glazed surfaces, and the circulation of the heated water should be unintermittent. LIBRARY BUILDINGS. ix "It may also be taken to be an established maxim, that gas may with perfect safety be introduced inio a properly constructed building; but the gas-fittings should invariably include tubes for the carrying off of the vapors produced by its combustion. Such tubes may be either pendent from the ceilings or attached to the walls; the inner tube may be of copper, and the outer one of opaque glass: or, on the other hand, the lights may be placed entirely on the outside of the building, of which method very successful applications may be seen at University College, London, and elsewhere." FITTINGS AND FURNITURE. "Oak, or well-seasoned deal, without veneering, staining, or other deceptive process, should be employed for cases. If it be determined that the book-cases shall be wholly uninflammable, the shelves may be made of enamelled slate, and the other portions of galvanized and perforated rolled iron. Whatever the material, the shelves should be movable. The cases should everywhere be perfectly flush, and without any sort of protruding ornament near the shelves, or of cavity at the sides. There should always be a space between the back of the cases and the inside of the external walls against which they are to stand, and a plinth of at least six inches between the lowest shelf and the level of the floor. It will also be found both advantageous and economical to make the framework of the various presses of equal dimensions, as much as may be, so that the shelves should be mutually transferable, and even the presses themselves, should occasion arise for their removal. " In estimating the extent of shelving which it may be necessary to provide, we may fairly calculate that in an ordinary library, such as would now be formed, a space two feet high and two feet wide will, on the average, contain about thirty-five volumes; or, in other words, it may be estimated roughly that every thousand volumes in the library will require about one hundred and ten square feet of shelving. " All shelves intended for choice and richly-bound books should be covered with leather, and especially such as are intended for books of large sizes. " For the bulk of a great collection of books, I see little or no advantage in the use of closed cases, whether wired or glazed. Under proper regulations, and with the precaution of a railing carried around all X LIBRARY BUILDINGS. rooms to which the public have access, at about four feet from the front of the book-presses, there is as much safety without them as with them. They sometimes induce carelessness as to the proper condition and fit binding of the books; and if the latter are well bound and well kept, they undeniably detract from the external effect and beauty of appearance: and, in fine, their great cost would go far towards an important increase in the valuable contents of the library —a consideration to be especially borne in mind where the funds for enlargement are of small amount. But in all cases, the rarities and choice contents of a library should be protected by glass; and all open presses, without exception, should be furnished with curtains, of linen, or other fit material, on spring rollers, for which provision should be made under the cornice or entablature of the presses. Every shelf should have its "fall" of leather, morocco cloth, or other good material, from two to three and a half or four inches in depth, according to the size of the volumes for which the shelves are intended. " Some fixed shelves will be needed for the select books, and the usual height may be specified:For folios, 18 to 21 inches. " quartos, 12 to 15 " " octavos, 10 inches.': duodecimos, 7 " " These spaces will allow ample room for the average sizes. As to the depth, it should never be less than 20 inches for folios, 15 inches for quartos, 8 inches for octavos and duodecimos, which dimensions will allow of the free circulation of air behind the books. The' Atlas folios,''elephant folios,' and the like, are best accommodated in single shelves, on which they may lie fiat, or on'trays' in tablecases. Some of the library tables should also be fitted up for the reception of maps and charts, if the extent of the collection be not considerable enough to induce the setting apart of a particular room or gallery for them. Others should be provided with drawers, or'trays,' in tiers, for the preservation and arrangement of the catalogue titles or slips. " Book barrows or trucks are serviceable. The tops and end rails are covered with padded leather, and on such barrows books may be wheeled from one end of the library to the other, speedily, and without risk of injury. Leather-covered trays are also necessary. " In no library in the world can better examples of nearly all the LOCAL ARRANGEMENT-ROUTINE DUTIES. xi varied mechanical arrangements and appliances be seen than those of the British Museum." LOCAL ARRANGEMIENT. " If the books come by purchase, the first thing to be attended to, is their collation and comparison with the booksellers' bill. The marking of each volume with the dealer's name, and the date of acquisition, is a useful precaution. The next process is the stamping of the book with the library mark. The preparation of the title-slip is the next step. Then comes the placing of the book on its proper shelf in the library; and its press-marking, both on the inside of the cover, preferably upon a label bearing the name of the library, and also a reference to the place of the book in the classed catalogue, and likewise on the outside. " The sort of' press-marks' to be employed will, perhaps, be partly determined by the size of the collection. Progressive numbers to each volume may suit a small library, but would be very inconvenient in a large one. The better plan will be that (long since adopted at the British Museum) of numbering the presses, distinguishing the. shelves by letters, and numbering the books of each several shelf." ROUTINE DUTIES. "The duties, from highest to lowest, which have to be daily provided for in a public library, if it be steadily growing, may be thus enumerated:"1. The examination of booksellers' catalogues, and of sale catalogues; the selection, from time to time, of books to be purchased, or recommended for purchase. " 2. Attendance at sales, and in the shops of dealers; and the correspondence respecting purchases. " 3. Examination and registration of periodical and serial works, in order to their punctual supply or completion. "4. Collation of books purchased; examination and signature of the booksellers' bills. " 5. Examination, entry, and due acknowledgment of all books presented. "6. Stamping, cataloguing, classification, and shelving, from time to time, of all books added to the library, whether by gift or purchase. xii ROUTINE IJUTIES. " 7. Entry of all books added in the accession catalogue, shelf catalogue, and classed catalogue, respectively. " 8. The daily supply of books to readers in the Reference Department; the classified record of the books so supplied; and their due return (lst) to the distributing table, and (2dly) to the shelves. " 9. The daily supply of books to borrowers in the Lending Department; the numerical registration, and the classified abstracts of the books lent; the checking or'marking off' of the books returned; and the examination, from time to time, of the registers. " 10. The preparation of lists of the books unduly detained by borrowers; the filling up and delivery of the necessary circulars; notices to guarantees, &c. 4" 11. The periodical examination of both departments of the library: shelf by shelf, and book by book; every book being duly marked off in the shelf catalogues. (" 12. The daily examination of the'vouchers' sent in by applicants for admission to the Lending Department; their signature, when approved of; the signature, entry, and delivery of tickets. " 13. The frequent examination of the condition of both departments of the library, as to binding; the selection and entry of every book needing binding or repair; the preparation of'letterings;' the collation of periodicals for binding; the classification and chronological arrangement of tracts of all kinds; the examination and checking of all books returned by the binders; the verification and signature of the binders' bills; the elimination and entry, or marking off in the shelf catalogues, of books worn out by constant use. " 14. The preparation of monthly and annual reports of the progress of the library, and of special reports from time to time; and their entry in a'Report Book.' " 15. The examination and signature of the miscellaneous accounts; the preparation of the schedules of salaries and wages; the payment of wages, and of petty cash accounts. "16. The general correspondence of the library, as well for the:information of inquirers and of students, as for its ordinary and immediate business. " 17. The reception of visitors and the assistants of readers in their iresearches. " 18. Attendance on committees and sub- committees, and the special duties thence arising." CLASSIFICATION. Xiii CLASSIFICATION. Mr. Edwards, after a careful examination of every system of classification proposed, in ancient or modern times, gives the following plan, as founded on the broad principles which experience has indorsed, but modified, with a view to the special characteristics and requirements of the new institutions. His aim is to avoid over-elaboration on the one hand, and confusion on the other. He proposes six main classes: I. THEOLOGY; II. PHILOSOPHY; III. IIISTORY; IV. POLITICS and COMMERCE; V. SCIENCES and AnTs; VI. LITERATURE AND POLYGRAPHY. "d CLASS I. THEOLOGY.-DiV. 1. Holy Scriptures. Div. 2. Sacred Philology. Div. 3. Collective works of Theologians. Div. 4. Dogmatic and Polemic Theology. Div. 5. Catechetical Theology. Div. 6. Pastoral and Hortatory Theology. Div. 7. Mystical Theology. Div. 8. Liturgies and Treatises on Ecclesiastical Rites and Ceremonies. Div. 9. Works relating to Judaism. Div. 10. Natural Theology. "' CLASS II. PHILOSOPHY.-Div. 1. Collective works of Philosophers and general treatises on Philosophy. Div. 2. Treatises on Ethics, or Moral Philosophy in particular. Div. 3. Treatises on Metaphysics, or Intellectual Philosophy in particular. " CLASS III. HISTORY.-Div. 1. Treatises and Lectures on the Composition and Study of History, and on its objects and uses. Div. 2. Universal History and Biography, including Treatises on Geography, on Travel, and general collections of Voyages and Travels. Div. 3. Ancient History and Biography. Div. 4. History of the Middle Ages. Div. 5. General Ecclesiastical History. Div. 6. History of Modern Europe generally. Div. 7. History of Great Britain and Ireland. Div. 8. Modern History of the other countries of Europe. Div. 9. History of America. Div. 10. Modern History of Africa, and of Asia, and of parts thereof.'CLASS IV. POLITICS AND COMMERCE. —Div. 1. General Treatises on Politics, on the objects and functions of Government, and on the Province of Legislation. Div. 2. National Constitutions, and Treatises relating thereto. Div. 3. Treatises on Monarchy. Div. 4. Treatises on Parliamentary and Representative Assemblies. Div. 5. Treatises on the Administration of Civil Government. Div. 6. General xiv CATALOGUES. Treatises on Law. Div. 7. Collections of Laws, and Expository treatises thereon. Div. 8. Treatises on Criminal Laws. Div. 9. Political Economy. Div. 10. Treatises on Church Establishments and Revenues, and on Religious Liberty, and matters connected therewith. Div. 11. Treatises on Public Education. Div. 12. Treatises on Armies and Navies; their organization, maintenance, and discipline. Div. 13. Treatises on Foreign Policy, and on the rights, duties, and payment of Ambassadors and Consuls. Div. 14. Political Satires, and Miscellaneous Treatises on the Liberty of the Press. " CLASS V. SCIENCES AND ArTs.-Div. 1. Treatises on the Sciences and Arts collectively; Dictionaries of Science and Art; General Transactions of Philosophical Societies. Div. 2. Physical Sciences. Div. 3. Mathematical Sciences. Div. 4. Mechanical Arts. Div. 5. Military and Naval Arts. Div. 6. Arts of Design. Div. 7. Art of Writing. Div. 8. Musical and Histrionic Arts. Div. 9. Medical Arts. Div. 10. Domestic and Recreative Arts. "CLASS VI. LITERATURE AND POLYGRAPHY.-DiV. 1. General Treatises on Literature and Literary Compositions; Histories of Literature in general. Div. 2. Linguistics or Philology. Div. 3. Poetry and Fiction. Div. 4. Oratory, or Collections of Speeches on various and Miscellaneous subjects; and Treatises on Oratory. Div. 5. Essays, Proverbs, and Literary Miscellanies. Div. 6. Epistolography; or Collections of Letters on various and miscellaneous subjects; and Treatises on Letter-Writing. Div. 7. Bibliography, and Literary history of particular countries. Div. 8. Polygraphy, i.e. Collections of works and treatises on subjects extending over two or more of the classes comprised in this scheme of classification." CATALOGUES. The Smithsonian Institution has endeavored for many years to procure all the catalogues of public libraries which have been printed, and it is believed has now the largest collection of this kind to be found in this country. Much attention has also been given to the preparation of general rules for cataloguing, and the establishment of a uniform system. It appears, however, that unanimity cannot be secured. The plan of cataloguing which seems the most generally useful and CATALOGUES. XV practical, and which has been adopted by the Astor Library, Mercantile Libraries of New York, Cincinnati, and Philadelphia; the American Antiquarian Society, New York State Library, New York Society Library, and other high authorities, is that of, first, an Alphabetical arrangement of all the titles; and, second, an Index, either alphabetical or classified. One of the ablest and most experienced librarians in this country, E. C. Herrick, Esq., of Yale College, remarks respecting catalogues: "After considering the question of the best manner of doing the work, and after reading the various discussions respecting the new Catalogue of the British Museum Library, and consulting other sources of information, I find still so many points doubtful, that I have come to the conclusion that no system, logical and consistent with itself and equitable to authors, can be carried out without making the Catalogue unreasonably large; and that no scheme of indicating the subjects can hope to be anything more than a most imperfect guide to the resources of the library on any given topic. I doubt further whether it is best to incur the expense of printing a Catalogue, unless a very condensed one; leaving to a MS. Catalogue in the library the minuter details." The following remarks relative to Catalogues were made by Nath. B. Shurtleff, Esq., in his report of the Council of the American Antiquarian Society, October, 1856:" Many plans and projects which appear very plausible in theory are found to fail in practice, and, without subserving any important object, to throw great, and in many cases insuperable obstacles in the way of convenient administration. " Experience has clearly shown that large Catalogues can be quickly made and printed, if the undertaking is earnestly and enthusiastically commenced, and industriously pursued; and this at a moderate and economical charge, if a satisfactory index, only, instead of a labored bibliography, is attempted." Professor Turner, Librarian of the Patent Office, remarks:" Experience has abundantly proved that, for a library of a general character, an alphabetically arranged Catalogue is the best, it being the only one which is both easy to construct and easy to use. An arrangement by the order of numbers would be easy to make, but not easy to use; for one must know that the book is in the library, and the xvi COST OF CATALOGUES. number that happens to be attached to it, before he could look for it in the Catalogue. An arrangement by subjects is difficult to make, and a Catalogue so made is difficult to consult, because it is often doubtful under what head a work should be placed, and consequently where it should be looked for. The proper arrangement, as said before, is the alphabetical one, beginning each title with the author's name, or in the case of Transactions, &c., of learned bodies, with the name of the Institution; where the publication is anonymous, begin with the first word of the title, excepting particles, which may be inserted afterwards in a parenthesis. A copy of the Smithsonian pamphlet on the Cataloguing of Libraries will indicate more fully how the titles should be written out. " In the case where a person desires to consult a certain book, the name of which he knows, this alphabetical catalogue is sufficient; but as it is often requisite to know what means of information a library possesses on some given subject, it is necessary to add to the alphabetical Catalogue an index of subjects, and of this a very good model is presented in the Classified Index to the London Catalogue of Books published in Great Britain." COST OF CATALOGUES. The expense of catalogues formed a subject of special inquiry; but the returns received are somewhat indefinite, as to the items included. The following are sufficient, however, as examples, and may serve as a guide to those wishing to print catalogues:Library. Size. No. of Pages. No. of Copies. Cost. Mercantile Library, San Francisco, Cal., 8vo. 244 500 $1000 Delaware College, Newark, Del., 8vo. 52 500 50 University of Georgia, Athens, Geo., 8vo. 31 350 50 Yoing Men's Association, Chicago, Ill., 8vo. 120 1000 325 Mercantile Library, Portland, Me., 8vo. 52 500 65 Maryland Institute, Baltimore, Md., 8vo. 300 500 275 Mercantile Library, Baltimore, Md., 8vo. 338 1000 700 Odd Fellows' Library, Baltimore, Md., 8vo. 60 1000 82 Boston Library, Boston, Mass., 8vo. 180 500 543 Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Boston, Mass., 8vo. 26 1000 40 Mercantile Library, Boston, Mass., Svo. 294 3000 1736 Boston Public Library, Boston, Mass., 8vo. 180 5000 935 Youfig Men's Chris. Assoc., Boston, Mass., 8vo. 64 1000 121 BOOKS READ. Xvii Library. Size. No. of Pages. No. of Copies. Cost. Athenamum, Fall River, Mass., 12mo. 36 500 67 Lawrence Academy, Groton, Mass., 8vo. 206 500 250 Pbabody Institute, South Danvers, Mass., 8vo. 121 1000 225 State Library, Jackson, Miss., Svo. 58 500 50 M4ercantile Library, St. Louis,'lro., Svo. 315 1000 477 Albany Institute, Albany, N. Y., 8vo. 354 300 347 Athenmutm, Brooklyn, N. Y., 8vo. 64 1000 150 Young Men's Association, Buffalo, N. Y., 8vo. 146 1000 202 Apprentices' Library, New York, N. Y., 12mo. 248 2000 733 Mercantile Library, New York, N. Y., Svo. 460 2000 1500 Young Men's Association, Troy, N. Y., 8vo. 113 1000 100 Mercantile Library, Cincinnati, O., Svo. -750 1000 1191 Historical Society, Philadelphia, Pa., 8vo. 36 250 35 Mercantile Library, Philadelphia, Pa., 8vo. 132 750 380 Brown University, Providence, R. I., Svo. 560. 750 1000 CLASSES OF BOOKS READ. The character, as well as the numbler, of the books read, formed a subject of inquiry; but comparatively few responses have been received. In most general libraries, the readers of fiction largely preponderate; in the New Bedford Free Public Library, reaching threefourths; in the Buffalo Younyg Men's Association, San Francisco Mercantile Library, and large numbers of others, throughout the country, about one-half. The following extract, from a recent report of the Astor Library, is worthy of attention: " Withl respect to the extent of the use of the library the following statement is believed to be as exact as the nature of the case will admit. One hundred volumes a day is a low average of the daily use, making the whole number which have been in the hands of readers, since it was opened, about 30,000; and, as these were often single volumes of a set of from two to fifty volumes, it may be considered certain that more than half of our whole collection has been wanted during the first year. But this is a matter in which numerical statistics do not afford much satisfaction; nothing short of a specification of the books read or consulted, would show the importance which the library is to the public, as a source of information and knowledge; and as this cannot be given, a more general account must serve as a substitute. On observing the classes and kinds of books which have B XV1i1 BOOKS READ. been called for, I have been particularly struck with the evidence thus afforded of the wide range which the American mind is now taking in thought and research; scholastic theology, transcendental metaphysics, abstruse mathematics, and oriental philology, have found many more readers than Addison and Johnson; while, on the other hand, I am happy to be able to say, that works of practical science and of knowledge for every-day use, have been in great demand. Very few have come to the library without some manifestly distinct aim; that is, it has been little used for mere desultory reading but for the most part with a specific view. It would not be easy to say which department is most consulted, but there is naturally less dependence upon the library for books of theology, law, and medicine, than in the others, -the three faculties being better provided for in the libraries of the institutions especially intended for them. Still, in each of these departments, the library has many works not elsewhere to be found. It is now no longer merely a matter of opinion; it is shown by experience that the collection is not too learned for the wants of the public. No one fact will better illustrate this position than the following: in the linguistic department, it possesses dictionaries and grammars, and other means of instruction in more than a hundred languages and dialects, four-fifths of which have been called for during the first year of its operation. Our mathematical, mechanical, and engineering departments are used by great numbers, and they are generally known to be so well furnished, that students from a distance have found it a sufficient object to induce them to spend several weeks in New York, to have the use of them. The same remark applies to natural history, all branches of which are much studied here. In entomology, we are said to have the best and fullest collection in this country, to which naturalists have free access. Passing to the historical side of the library, we come to a department in which a very general interest has been taken-far more general than could have been anticipated in our country,-it is that of heraldry and genealogy. Among the early purchases for the library, there were but few books of this class, as it was supposed but few would be wanted; a year or two's experience proved the contrary, and the collection has been greatly enlarged; it is now sufficiently ample to enable any one to establish his armorial bearings, and trace his pedigree at least as far back as the downfall of the Western empire. From this rapid glance at the library, it has been seen that there are students and BOOKS READ. xix readers in all departments of it, and that no one greatly preponderates over the rest; still, I think it may be stated, that on the whole, that of the fine arts, taken collectively, is the one which has been most extensively used; practical architects, and other artists have had free access to it, many of whom have often had occasion to consult it." The librarian of the Providence Athenmaum has paid particular attention to collecting information as to the number and character of books read. From his reports for 1855 and 1857, the following facts are taken as illustrations: 1855. 1857. Shares used,... 552 546 Volumes delivered,. 17,846 19,289 Average number of volumes to a share, 32 35 Fiction,.... 8971 9,214 Biography and History,... 2,158 2,971 Voyages and Travels, 1,481 1,865 Poetry and Belles-Lettres,... 19733 1,774 Art, Science, and Law, 972 1,087 Religion and Philosophy,.. 843 873 Periodical and Miscellaneous Literature,. 1,688 1,505 " From an estimate by the delivery of their works, the following is the order in which the authors here mentioned are ranked by our reading community; or rather, we should say, by those who use the books in the Athenaeum Library. First, Sir Walter Scott; next, Simms, Cooper, and Dickens, with not ten volumes lifference between them; Irving stands next; then Mrs. Stowe; after her, Prescott, the historian, Charlotte Bronte and M3Irs. Hentz; then Bulwer, Longfellow, Willis, Kingsley, Thackeray, Abbott, Macaulay, James, Bayard Taylor, Curtis, Hawthorne, and Bancroft, in the order in which we have placed them. As some consolation to those who stand last in this list, it is proper to state that Shakspeare, if enumerated, would have to take his stand after the last of them. This apparent anomaly is only to be accounted for by the supposition that this author is to be found on the shelves of almost every one. " It should be remembered, in connection with the classes of books taken out, in which that of Fiction so greatly preponderates, that many proprietors of shares possess very considerable private collections of books; and perhaps the larger number of the actual readers, although not owning large libraries, do possess more or less of the standard Xx BOOKS READ. works. These are not often the buyers of works of fiction or ephemeral literature, and rely upon the library of the Athenceum for them. This sufficiently accounts for the limited demand from the Athenmumr for standard works in history, biography, and other higher departments of literature. " A very slight circumstance will serve to turn the current of taste of our reading public into a particular channel; and a newspaper discussion or a popular lecturer sensibly influences the demands for the books on our shelves. The publication of Dr. Kane's travels, and the discussion about the' cold term,' gave a great impulse to the demand for Arctic adventures; and the course of lectures given by a celebrated astronomer during the last winter, kept our shelves bare, for a time, of all astronomical works. The reading year commenced simultaneously with the publication of I'Dred,' by Mrs. Stowe; and for a month or two the demand for the works of that authoress was commensurate with that for the works of Scott; but before the close of the year it had dwindled below that of the lowest on our list; while, on the other hand, the demand for the works of Charlotte Bronte, owing to the publication of her Life by Mrs. Gaskell, has increased in nearly the same ratio. Such writers as Scott and Cooper, Irving and Dickens, are the general favorites, and the call for them appears to be about as great at one time as another." Many other facts on this subject will be found in this volume. NUMBER OF VOLUM1ES READ. For comparison, in relation to the subject of the number of books read, we give the following items from recent reports of British Public Libraries:From the report of the Free Public Library and Derby Museum, Liverpool, England, 1857, we learn that the readers number 166,346, or an average, for twelve months, of 583 per day. Among the 710,000 readers since the commencement of the library, twenty shillings would cover all the losses sustained. There has been a considerable increase in every class of reading except that of novels and works of imagination, which exhibits a decrease of 6130 volumes. In the lending libraries, the issues for the year ending 31st August, 18571, have been 308,200 volumes, and the returns 302,240 volumes, BOOKS READ. Xxi making 610,440 volumes; the actual number passed through hands averaging 1970 per diem. Each volume has been lent, on an average, eighteen times. The statistics show an increase in the number of volumes lent of 78,552 over the previous year. Ten volumes are in embossed printing for the use of the blind, which are proving very attractive to this interesting class of readers. Although these books have been only a short time in the library, there are already fourteen blind persons eagerly enjoying the privilege thus afforded. The number of visitors to the Salford Museum, during the year ending November, 1855, was 448,220, while the number of volumes issued to readers was 115,457. The total issues from the lending department from 1850 to 1857 were 179,725. The only library issuing as large a number of books to readers, in this country, is the Mercantile Library in New York. The following is a list of all the public libraries from which 20,000 volumes or upwards were lent during a single year:Mercantile Library,. New York, 160,274 Mercantile Library,. Boston, 96,000 Public Library of the City,... " 89,423 Maryland Institute,.... Baltimore, 60,000 Apprentices' Library,.... Philadelphia, 48,000 Mercantile Library,.... " 45,000 Apprentices' Library,. New York, 36,987 Mercantile Library,. Cincinnati, 35,000 Youths' Free Library,.. Brooklyn, 30,000 Public Library,. Newburyport, 29,562 Young Men's Association,. Buffalo, 27,830 Odd Fellows' Library,. Baltimore, 27,406 Mercantile Library Association,. Baltimore, 26,000 Public School Library,. Poughkeepsie, 25,000 Peabody Institution,. South Danvers, 24,957 Newark Library Association,. Newark, 24,000 Young Men's Institute,. Hartford, 24,000 Free Public Library,. New Bedford, 23,240 Young Men's Association,. Troy, 20,000 XXii BOOKS IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES-EXCHANGES. BOOKS IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES. The library, from which reports have been received, having the largest collection of books printed in FRENCH is that of St. Louis University, Missouri, 4000 volumes; of those printed in GERMAN, that of the Union Theological Seminary, in New York, 6000 volumes; of SPANISH, that of the College of Nva. Sva. de Guadelupe, at Santa Ines, California, 596 volumes; of all modern languages other than English, the Smithsonian Institution, and Georgetown College, District of Columbia. Of LATIN, GREEK, and CLASSICAL works, Union Theological Seminary, New York City; Georgetown College, D. C.; Brown University, Providence, R. I.; Columbia College, N. Y.; St. Louis University, Mo.; Santa Clara College, Cal.; Trinity College, Hartford, Ct.; the College of New Jersey, Princeton; St. Joseph's College, Bardstown, Ky.; the University of Vermont, Burlington; Newton Theological Institution, Newton Centre, Mass.; have the most extensive collections. EXCHANGES. In connection with the subject of the increase and improvement of our public libraries, it is proper to allude to the system of international exchanges, established and actively carried on for some years, by the Smithsonian Institution, by which the volumes published by all the leading Societies in the world, are annually received, and placed on the shelves of our own libraries. This benefit is reciprocal, for the foreign institutions thus become possessed of the latest American works on all subjects of importance; the existence of which, in most cases, would otherwise be unknown to them; and nothing has been more advantageous to the cultivators of literature and science in the United States, and the promotion of friendly feelings between literary and scientific men of different nations. During the years 1851-'58, the Smithsonian Institution received from abroad, over 20,000 packages of books, for its own and other libraries in this country; and forwarded in exchange, 47,000 parcels, contained in about four hundred boxes, weighing over 100,000 pounds. These facts will give some idea of the magnitude of the system which SALARIES OF LIBRARIANS. xxiii is constantly increasing, and contributes materially to the growth and development of American libraries. A full account of its details is given in the Smithsonian Report for 1857. It should also be mentioned that a system of international exchange has been carried on for several years, through the agency of Mr. Vattemare, of France, in which some of our State and city governments have participated. From 1847 to 1851, 30,655 books and pamphlets were sent to the United States, and 30,356 volumes transmitted to foreign countries, through this agency. The State of New York pays MIr. Vattemare a salary of;400, and an annual appropriation of $600 is made for exchanges. The Smithsonian system, however, is the principal medium of exchanges for nearly all the learned Societies of the world; and the Smithsonian library, it might here be mentioned, has the largest collection in this country, of the proceedings of such Societies. SALARIES OF LIBRARIANS. Very many public institutions pay no salary to librarians, the officer usually employed in this capacity, receiving compensation for some other duty. The principal institutions paying the largest amounts are the State Library, Massachusetts,..$1900 State Library, Virginia,.1620 Mercantile Library, New York,.1500 Mercantile Library, St. Louis, Missouri,.... 1500 South Carolina College, South Carolina,. 1500 Harvard College, Massachusetts,.1300 State Library, Louisiana,. 1200 Charleston Library Society, South Carolina,... 1000 Mercantile Library, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,.. 1000 Young Men's Christian Association, New York,.. 1000 Mercantile Library, Baltimore, }Maryland,... 1000 Young Men's Association, Buffalo, New York,... 1000 Eighty-six libraries give an average of $450, as the annual salary, thirty-nine being above, and forty-seven below this amount. Most of these officers receive other compensation besides that nominally given as pay of librarians.* * The salary of the Chief Librarian of the Liverpool Free Library is $900; of the Manchester Library, $1000; of the British Museum, $4000. xxiv STATISTICS. STATISTICAL TABLES. Mr. Jewett, in his "Notices of Public Libraries," in 1850, gave the following summary, stating the number of Libraries at 10,199, and their aggregate contents at 3,753,964. Exclusive of Public School Libraries, however, the number was 694, with 2,201,632 volumes. Mr. JEWETT'S SUMMARY IN 1850. No. of Aggregate Libraries. No. of Volumes. State Libraries,. 39 288,937 Social Libraries,... 12 611,334 College Libraries,. 126 586 912 Students' Libraries,. 142 254,639 Academies and Professional Schools, 227 320,909 Scientific and Historical Societies,. 34 138,901 Public School Libraries,. 9,505 1,552,322 Total,.10,199 3,753,964 The following Table is also given for reference from Mr. De Bow's Compendium of the Census of 1850:SUM1MARY OF UNITED STATES CENSUS) 1850. No. of Aggregate Libraries. No. of Volumes. Public Libraries,... 1,217 1,446,015 School Libraries,... 12,067 1,647,404 Sunday-School Libraries, 1,988 542.3'21 -College Libraries,... 213 942,321 Church Libraries,... 130 58,350 15,615 4,634,411 Mr. E. Edwards, of England, has given the following table in Triibner's " Guide to American Literature." STATISTICS. XXV MR. EDWARDS'S SUMMARY, 1856. Average No. of Vols. Estimated No. in each Library of Character of the Libraries. No. of Libraries of Vols. in the several classes in each class. the aggregate. respectively. Collegiate,... 149 1,083,954 7,274 Proprietary,. 133 819,594 6,162 State and Congressional,. 36 333,321 9,258 Town and Parochial, 11 94,188 8,562 School,.12 40,830 3,402 341 2,371,887 Mr.-Edwards states that he has no information of later date than that contained in the Census of 1850, respecting the " Public School," "District,' and "Township" Libraries, and does not include them in his table. From the data before us the following tables have been prepared, the same general arrangement as Mr. Jewett's being adopted. In the first column is included State, Congressional, and City or Town Libraries, not depending on subscription of individual members for support. The number of Libraries from our list, of which we have no information respecting the size, is first given, and then the number of those with the volumes reported:C PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES........~ ACADEMIES AND HISTOIHCAL, SCIENTIFIC, TOTAL. STATE AND CITY. SOCIAL. COLLEGE. STUDENTS. PROFESSIONALSCH00LS. AND AGRICULTUi~&L. I.. __... ~'~ ~'~ ~'~ ~'~ ~'~ ~'~l ~'~ ~o~.'Vols d ~ ~ o~ ~7ols. -~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Alabama,.... i........ 5 2 2,800 3 5 24,729.... 2 5,000 24 3 4,000 2......... 35 i 12 36,529 Arkansas,...,ooo::::.....,ooo 2..~. 11,750 9.... California,................ 13 32 70,428 23 44,925 1 8,853''i' 3,000 1 Connecticut,.... I"i'..... I 6,000 18 7 27,783.... 3 48.850 4 5 36,92o 36 6 15,500 4 10,000 62 24 145,058 Delaware, ~ ~ ~ 1 4,000 3 3 10,800.... 2 13',600 1 2 1,660 I 2 1.025............. 5 10 31,085 Florida,....''1' I 6,500 2 2 1,367............ 7 I 2~000. 11 4 9,687 Georgia......... 1 6,000 7 4 5,531 "i' "6' 28,613 34 3 5,807'i' "i' 9~000 43 22 64,236 "i' ~ 9,2'85 Illinois,.... 4 2 6,900 16 11 161937 7 11 22,440 i 4,511 26 3 1,713 1 1 6~000 55 35 58,501 Indiana,.... 10 3 24,323 15 12 23,618 14 10 24.492 14........ 1. 56 33 81,851 12 7 8~968 Iowa...... 2 I 4,881 8 1 1,200 9 5 4,750........ 2.... 2'{ "600 24 8 11,431 Kentucky,... 2 1 i 10~000 15 6 29,011 11 13 47,485 1'11 11,735 17 "6' 12,652 3 1 1,410 49 38 112,293 Louisiana.... 21 21,020 8 1 360 9 9 24,100.... 2 3,200 7 1 10,000...... 25 15 58,680 Maine..... "1' 2i 8,172 7 26 47,120.... 3 35,000 8 6 19,820 56 2 3,500 "2' i' 500 74 40 114,112 Maryland~.. ] 1 2 27,500 5 ll 45,649.... 9 52.492.... 5 4,770 9 8 6,860 1 17,400 15! 36 194.671 Massachusetts,.. 4 7 117,501 53 61 228,674 2 9 1421935 9 i ll 34,097 101 22 49,463 "6' 9 60,130 175 119 632;800 Michigan,........ 15 6 6,82~ 6 i 8 16,129 7 l i 1,7C'0 52 4 4~080 1 I 253 81 21 35,986 Minnesota, I 7,000........ 5,300 5 1 300 3 1 100 2.... 1.... 3.. 14 3 5,700 Mississippi.... I 1[ 5,000 4 I 2,083 10 4 12,740 2 "2'i 3,000 14 "3' 1,500 1 i' 1;000 32 12 25,323 Missouri,...... 1 4,637 5 5 16,565 16 7 30,700 4 i l 8,125 9 5 8.882 4 2 600 38 24 69,509 New Ilampshire,. 5 6 11,368 4 12 18,665 5 22,898 I I'20,945 28 7 91539 3 I 1,500 41 42 84,915 New Jersey,........ I 7,787 18 7 13,633 "1' 5 43,573 1 4 13,822 10 6 8.511 I I 2,194 31 24 89,520 New York, 3 7 168,892 62 42 263,662 9 19 128,040 10 10 23,691 33 201 1321786 2 5 33,350 119 284 750,421 North Carolina,..... I 6,693 4 2 1,950 6 12,501.... 3 13,400 16 I 1,800 I 27 11 36,344 Ohio,..... 2[ 19,459 25 19 52,209 11 Pennsylvania,.. 1 2[ 15,250 50 51 227,361 14 20 87,302 "3' 19 47,658 135 7 13,280 6 11 56,865 209 110i 467,716 Rhode Island,...... 29 i 21,605 4 20 61,883. 28:500 2 8,000 10 11 31:854 3 I 3,000 17 64 154,842 South Carolina,..... I 4 3 i 17,300 11 7 31,615'7' 8 56,350 "4' I 200 7 I 615 3........ 32 20 106,080 Tennessee,........ 1'13,300 11 I 250 10 15 51,122 8 7 17,879 17 3 11,700 2........ 48 27 94,251 Texas,...... I I 1,000 4 I 700 21 2 1,350 5. 11............. 42 4 3,050 Vermont......... 1 7,000 4 2 2,373 3 3 15,549 4'4' i,6'78 34 2 1,700 2 "1' 1~560 47 13 32,800 Virginia..... 2 1 13,000 18 12 15,956 2 14 82,887 3 12 22,424 14 7 6,000 1 1 2:500 40 471 142,767 Wisconsin,....... 4 8,600 13 9 14,730 7 12 22,178 2 6 2,117 3 9 7,675.... 2 41300 25 42 59,600 Dist. of Columbia,..... 17 172,729 3 6 17,350 2 2 31,000 3 2 1,556 8........ 4 50,200 16 31 272,835 Kansas,........ I 7.000 2 ~............. "1'........ 3 7,000 Nebraska......... 1'800 1........ "9,'::::.... ~2~2 ~::::::: ~:::: ~::~ 1........ 4 1~ 800 S~'texico........ o................. oo I oo I "i' 160:::: "i' "i~1 "~' "~' 1,7oo...... ~':::~...... i' lO'1'~,b;1 Oregon,.................... ~............ Washington,....... 2 4,352,............ 1............;...................... 1......... 2 2 4,352 42 111 772,779 436 376 1,235,075 196 24~ i,211,238 88 171 362,064 766 339 372,588 65 56 266,852 1,594 1,298 4,280,866 PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES. I ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~ I ] I I. F —--- I UNDER 5 10 1 20,000 1,000voLs. 1 To 2,000 2 TO 3 000 3 To 4,000 4 TO 5,000 5 To 6,000 TO,000 7 To,000 8 TO 9,00 9 TO 10,00 0 TO 1 to WADS.20,000 1,000 VOLS. A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O~1,00 15o0,0 ND UPWARDS. No. Vols. No. Volo. No. Volo. No. Vols. No. Volo. No. Volo. No. Vols. No. Vols. No. Vols. No. Vols. No. Vol. No. Vole. No. Vols. Alabama, 2 800 1 1,000 6 14,200......1 5,529.... 1 7,000 1 8,000........ Arkansaso1 1,000 California,.t 12 5,129 8 9,488 5 11,050 2 6,000 1 4561 1 000 1 8,000. I 2 21,200o Connecticut,.: 4 1,953 4 5,800 2 4,800 1 3,625 1 4,800 2 10,500 4 25, 250 1 7,769 1 8,000. 3 36,611 1 36,000 Delaware, 3 1,251.60-i 9,0 Delaware,....31 1,625 1 1,0600 1 2,000 1 3,800 2 8,600 1 5,000.... 1 9, 000..... I Florida,. 1 30 1 1,337 1 2,000.......... 6,500 Georgia,. 9 5.736 3 3,500 2 5,000 2 7,000 1 4,500 2 0,500 1 6,/000.. 1 9,000 1 13,000 Illinois,. 13 3,783 6 7,100 8 17,418 4 12,200 3 12,000 1 6,000 Indiana, 13 6,068 10 14,289 3 9,535 1 3,000 2 8,500... 1 6,459.. 1 14,000 1 20,000 Iowa, 4 1,550 2 2,700 1 2,500.:~/1 4,881...... Kentucky,.. 11 5,821 11 15,472 3 6,000 4 12,500 2 8,500 2 10,000 1 6,000 1 7,000 1 8,000. 33,000 Louisiana,.. 2 660 5 7,000 1 2,.000 2 6,000.... 2 12,000 1 7,000..... 2 24,020. osMaine,.. 1%2 4,920 12 18,572 5 10,950 4 12.500 1 4,500 1 5.500 1 6,720 1 7,600 1 8,550 3 35,000.. Maryland,. 12 7,255 9 10,880 3 6,200 2 6,292 1 4,000 1 5,000 1 7,5004 50,64 3 5700 Masoachusetto, 41 20,376 26 36,803 10 23,287 8 25,627 5 21,980 5; 26,634 3 19,530 1 7,200 5 41,593. 11 132,215 1 16,075 5 262,700 b Michigan,.. 3,391 12 15,375...2 6,500......2 14,000. Minnesota, 2 400.1 5,300,0 Mississippi,.4 2,000 3 3600 3 6..... i1 5,000....,0......... Missouri,.. 14 5,715 3 3,653 2 4,800...... 3 13,094 1! 5,500..' 1 7,000.. 1 14,800 1 16000 Now Hampshire, 22 10,918 11 13,761 2 4,000 2 6,510 1 4,300 1 5314 3 22,'751 1 8,252... 1 14,423 New Jersey, 6 3,033 5 6,773 3 6,694 1 3,000 3 13:233..... 21,787. 3 35,000 New Yorke, 18 69 38...095. 2~ New York,. 182 69,381 331 40,957 12 27,679 14 46,578 10 42,726 6 31,149 7 42,845 2 14,500 4 32,560 3 27,736 4 46,393 3 53,418 6' 3,500 North Carolina,. 3 1,600 2 3,150 1 2,400 1 3,501 1 5,000 2 12,693. 1 8,000.... Ohio,. 30 13,254 17 24,275 14 31,971 6 19,382 2 8,054 4 20'808 3 18,800 1 7,634.1 9,200 2 23,500 2 35,664 Pennsylvania, 25 10,372 26 33,528 15 33,695 14 46,209 3 12,418 6 31,181 5 31,750 3 21,700 5 40,337 1 9,000 3 34,000 4 60,726 3 10'9,9'0 Rhode Island, 42 19,8238 7 9,758 4 9,000 2 6,500 3 12,700 1 5,000.. 1 7,052 1 8,000....1 19,637 2 51,102 South Carolina, 6 3,030 5 7,100 2 4,850 1 3,500 2... 2 14,000..... 1 12,000 1 16,600 2 45,000 Tennessee,. 9 4,240 6 7,300 1 2,500 4 13,300 8,434 1 5,000.. 1 7,000.. 4... 47,300 Texas, 2 1,050 2 2,000........ Virginia~~~~~001,10,4........................../ Vermont, 4 2,504 5 7,747 1 2,000.1 78.. 5 1 7,50 0 1 8,00 2 09 Virginia, 14 65 4414 5,742 9 11,512 13 31,792 2 6,500 4 17,624 1 5,001 7,500 8,00 2097... 1 30,000 Wisconsin,.. 24 9,614 7 8,295 3 7,691 2 6,000 5 21,000. 1 7,000. Dist.of Columbia, 8 3,163 4 4,943 1 2,900 5 15,717 1 4,256 2 10,0001 8,56 4 51,300 5 O 1,700 Kansas-.1....7, /......,. /.... Nebraska, 1 800................................ Oregon, 3 551 1 1,500..... Washington, 1 1,500 1 2,852.. 548 236,347 25 342,728 129 298,287 87 281,7~41 57 244,691 42 217,915 32 200,547 30217,093 26 212,697 7 63,936 55 662,503 17 295,120 25 979,90.: ;xXViii STATISTICS. PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES. Average Average Average Average ain't STATE. No. of Vols. No. of Vols. No. of annually added lent Persons expended for annually, annually. borrowing. Books. Alabama,..... 130 559 95 $200 Arkansas,........ California,... 234 3,124. 333 Connecticut,... 348 4,852 161 202 Delaware,.... 86 3,250 115 55 Florida,..... 500.. Georgia,....... 190 346 91 367 Illinois,...... 291 2,423 238 250 Indiana...... 408 2,677 114 245 Iowa,..... 221 500... 625 Kentucky,.. 231 4,680 491 255 Louisiana,.. 750 200... 566 Maine....... 94 3,316 159 111 Maryland,... 479 13,436 1,465 458 Massachusetts,... 509 8,772 861 241 Michigan,.. 149 1,570 145 226 Mississippi,.. 40... 793 Missouri,.. 508 6,215 442 670 New Hampshire, 217 9,820 300 247 New Jersey,... 545 5,220 244 233 New York,.. 587 12,232 443 511 North Carolina, 412 719 78 270 Ohio,. 245 4,225 294 350 Pennsylvania,.. 264 5,918 408 355 Rhode Island,. 413 7,815 791 425 South Carolina,... 319 1,670 110 494 Tennessee,..... 235 616 86 129 Texas,...... 80 300... 1,500 Vermont,... 126 631 94 85 Virginia..... 381 2,406 244 342 Wisconsin,.. 248 1,629 126 224 Average,... 345 5,856 416 310 GENERAL SUMMARY, 1859. No. Vols. LIBRARIES with volumes reported, 1,297 4,220,686 " " " estimated, 1,593 500,000 of COMMON SCHOOLS, 18,000 2,000,000 of SUNDAY SCHOOLS, 30,000 6,000,000 Grand Aggregate, 50,890 12,720,686 PUBLIC LIBRARIES' IN TH E IUNITED STATES. ALABAMA. MOBILE. FRANKLIN SOCIETY. (1857.) 2500. vols. FOUNDED January 17, 1835. This Society occupies a building erected by itself and the Freemasons. The library room is 62 feet long by 32 wide. About 60 volumes are added annually, and 50 lent to readers. TUSCALOOSA. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. (1857.) 6000 vols. Founded 1831. The receipts from the annual fund during 1854, were $200; during 1856, 8344. Expended for periodicals, $30; salaries, 8144; incidentals, $3 50. The library is open for the free use of the students one hour three times a week. During 1854, 687 volumes were lent to 95 persons. Of the volumes in the library (1857), 5000 are in English, 210 French, 10 German, 10 Spanish, 20 other modern languages, 140 Latin, 120 Greek, 6 Hebrew. The librarian receives a salary of $144. About 200 volumes are added annually. The library is in "'The Rotunda," a large circular apartment, 85 feet in diameter, which is occupied, besides, as a chapel, and for public exhibitions. The whole building cost $75,000. The foundation, to 1 2 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. about four feet above the surface, is of sandstone; the residue of the walls of brick. The first printed catalogue, a pamphlet, was published in 1838. The last, a volume of 257 pages 8vo., was printed in 1848. It was prepared by Prof. Wilson G. Richardson. The plan of it is substantially the same with that of the Edinburgh Signet Library. The titles of works are recorded alphabetically, under the names of the authors, or persons to whom they refer. These also follow the alphabetical arrangement, except that the complete works of a writer stand first, and biographies by another hand last, single works occupying the intermediate space. Anonymous publications are usually registered under the name of the individual to whom they relate, and, in some instances, with reference to the principal word of the title. During the last five years $1500 have been expended for books. Annual cost of support $350. The students' libraries contain (1857) 4000 volumes. PHILOMATHIC SOCIETY, UNIV. OF ALA. (1855.) 2200 vols. Founded 7th January, 1832. It is supported by an annual contribution of three dollars from each member. The receipts during 1854 were $121; expenditures for books, $100; periodicals, $20; incidentals, $1. The library is open every Saturday morning for three hours. Of the works taken out during 1854, 31 were theological, 4 law, 6 medical, 300 historical, and 600 novels. A number of English and American reviews are taken. The librarian is elected every two months. CALIFORNIA.?MlARYSVILLE. MARYSVILLE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 2500 vols. Organized 1855. All of the books are new, and of standard character. MONTEREY. MONTEREY LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1138 vols. Organized 1849. This, it is believed, was the first public library CALIFORNIA. 3 established in California. It is placed on a permanent basis. The greater part of the library was purchased in New Yorkl, and consists of English and Spanish works of standard character. $135 have been expended annually for books; 68 volumes added, and 420 volumes lent. SAN FRANCIS0CO. MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 6135 vols. The first meeting to organize this Association was held on the 22d December, 1852, at which $2000 were subscribed. The constitution was adopted January 25th, 1853. A valuable collection of books belonging to General Hitchcock, consisting of 1500 volumes of standard literature, was purchased as a nucleus, and the library was opened the 1st of March, 1854. In the report for 1854 it is stated that the "institution is now firmly established on a permanent basis. Its success has been unexampled in the history of any association of a like character." The capital stock is 850,000, divided into 2000 shares of $25 each. The annual assessment is $3. Clerks and employees pay 85 initiation, and $3 quarterly in advance. Persons in business on their own account pay an initiation of $10 and an assessment of $3. The whole number of books withdrawn fronm the library by readers during the year 1856 was 10,466, classified as follows, viz.: Romance,...... 4,548.... or about 43 per cent. Biography,....1..,157.. " 11 Travels,...... 1,422.... " 14 History,........ 922.... 9 Belles-Lettres,.789. 8 " Arts and Sciences,. 341. " 3 Poetry......... 404. " 4 " Law and Politics,. 117.... 1 " Religion,..... 69.... less than 1 " Bound Periodicals,.... 262.... or about 2 "C Miscellaneous,..... 435..,. " 4 c" Total,.....10,466 volumes. The whole number of books on the shelves of the library (1857) is 6135, classified as follows, viz.: 4 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Romance,...... 730 Law and Politics,.. 340 Biography,.3....398 Religion,...... 274 Travels,.. 407 Bound Periodicals,... 682 History,.......431 Miscellaneous,.... 526 Belles-Lettres,..... 391 Newspapers, bound,... 73 Arts and Sciences,.... 386 Scott's Lectures,... 362 Poetry..... 287 There are likewise from four to five hundred valuable pamphlets, embracing statistical reports, &c., many of them relating to California, all of which possess more or less interest for the general reader. The whole number of members who have enjoyed the privileges of the Association since the date of its organization is 1486. The estimated current expenses of the institution amount to about $650 per month, or $1950 per quarter, leaving a clear surplus of $1050 per quarter, after paying all expenses; which amount may be entirely appropriated to the purchase of books. The total amount of receipts, from all sources, by the treasurer, during the year 1856, including a balance of $1896 41, transferred at the commencement of the year by the former treasurer, was $12,196 41; total amount of disbursements for the year, $8989 27: leaving a cash balance in the hands of the treasurer of $3207 14. The whole number of members belonging to the Association at the present time (1857) is 1250, viz.: life-imembers, 84; honorary members, 62; shareholders, 554; subscribing members, 550; total 1250. The following statistics will show the condition of the library at the end of the year, commencing with the period of its organization in January, 1853: Number of volumes at date of Annual Report, January, 1854, 2705; 1855, 3315; 1856, 3833; 1857, 6135. 140 newspapers, from all parts of the world, are received, also 10 Am erican and 6 English magazines. A catalogue was published in August, 1854, 8vo., 244 pages. Five hundred copies cost $1000. ODD-FELLOWS' LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 5000 vols. Founded 1856. This library contains the largest collection of books in the United States upon the subject of Odd-Fellowship. It also contains nearly all the books published in relation to California and the Pacific coast. The library is open daily from 9 A. ~M. to 10 P. M., at the Odd-Fellows' Hall, iMontgomery Street. CALIFORNIA. 5 SOCIETY OF CALIFORNIA PIONEERS. (1857.) 1200 vols. Organized August, 1850. " The object of this Society is to cultivate the social virtues of its members, to collect and preserve information connected with the early settlement and conquest of the country, and to perpetuate the memory of those whose sagacity, enterprise, and love of independence induced them to settle in the wilderness and become the germ of a new State." All funds remaining after the current expenses are paid, are to be appropriated exclusively for the use and benefit of the widows and orphans of pioneer immigrants, members of the Society. The anniversary meeting is held on the 7th of July,-the day when the American flag was first hoisted in California. Every effort is to be made to collect records, relics, minerals, curiosities, &c., connected with the early history of the State. The admission fee is $10, and annual dues $12. The library was commenced in 1854. Since that time $200 have been expended for books, and 400 volumes added annually. About 1100 volumes are lent every year to members. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1856.) 1273 volumes. Founded 1854. During 1856, 511 volumes were taken out. Receipts, 1856, $2739 92; expended for books, $500. SANTA CLARA. SANTA CLARA COLLEGE. (1855.) 8000 vols. Founded in 1851, by Rev. John Nobili, S. J. Incorporated April, 1855. The sum of $500 is appropriated annually for the library. During 1855 over $1000 were expended for books. The books are arranged by subjects, and the library is open daily from 10 to 11 A.M., and from 4 to 5 P.M. There are 2500 volumes in English, 3000 in French, 10 in German, 500 in Spanish, 2000 in other modern languages; 2000 in Latin, 50 in Greek, 3 in Hebrew, and 2 Oriental. A collection of all the Latin and Greek Fathers of the Church has lately been purchased in Europe for the library. "Besides an able and numerous body of experienced professors froml 6 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. the best colleges of the Society of Jesuits, both in Europe and in the Atlantic States, the institution enjoys considerable advantages for the mental and physical training of the students. Among others, it possesses, 1st, a complete philosophical and chemical apparatus, from the best manufacturers of Paris, which cost the institution nearly ten thousand dollars; 2d, a large collection of specimens of minerals imported from Paris; 3d, an artificial bathing-pond, of elliptic form, with a cemented brick wall, 160 feet long, and 120 wide, supplied with water by an artesian well; 4th, an extensive gymnasium for athletic exercises, 60 feet long and 40 wide." SANTA INES. COLLEGE OF N'VA S'VA DE GUADALUPE. (1857.) 853 vols. Founded 1844. In this institution, instruction is given on all branches of education. The library is composed principally of books formerly belonging to the late Rev. F. Garcia Diego, first Roman Catholic Bishop of California. 174 volumes are in Latin, 20 in English, 596 in Spanish, 57 in French, 4 in German, 2 Italian. The library can be freely consulted by any one. STOCKTON. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1855.) 76 vols. Founded January 29, 1855. Any person under forty years of age, a member of an evangelical church, can become an active member. Any one of good moral character can become an associate member. Annual fee, $1. Meetings are held every other Saturday evening. CONNECTICUT. YOUNG MEN'S INSTITUTE LIBRARY. (1857.) 103 vols. Organized February 18, 1857. 103 volumes have been added during the last eight months. CONNECTICUT. 7 CROMWELL. FRIENDLY ASSOCIATION (formerly of Upper Middletown). (1857.) 600 vols. Founded February 22d, 1810. Incorporated 1851. The library is open once a week from October to April, and once a month during the rest of the year. The increase of the library has been very slow,-only about 200 volumes in five years. A catalogue of 12 pages 8vo. was published in 1848. EAST WINDSOR. THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. (1857.) 6400 vols. Founded 1833. Incorporated 1834. The library is open twice a week,-Wednesdays and Saturdays. 900 volumes were received during the year 1855, from the library of the late Rev. Stephen Dodd. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $25. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, about 50. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 300. The Society of Inquiry and the Nettleton Rhetorical Society have small libraries. The Athenaeum is furnished with about 50 periodicals. HARTFORD. HARTFORD COUNTY LAW LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Founded December, 1854. It is the design of this association to obtain English reports and valuable text-books, and in general such works of reference as are not usually found in the private libraries of the members of the legal profession. It has received a munificent donation from the heirs of the late Hon. Thos. Day, consisting of several hundred volumes of valuable English and American reports, &c. Among them might be specified a complete series of the Statutes of Connecticut, from the edition of 1673, and a set of the British Statutes at Large. The annual fee for membership is ten dollars. The library belongs to the State of Connecticut, and in case of the dissolution of the Society, becomes a part of the State library. It is now kept with that collection. 8 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. IISTORICAL SOCTETY OF CONNECTICUT. (1857.) 8000 vols. This society was incorporated in 1825. Owing, however, to the removal of several of the more prominent members from the State, its operations were suspended for several years. Its charter was revived in 1839, and soon after, through the intervention of Mr. Henry Barnard, the present library was obtained. This collection was made by the late Rev. Thomas Robbins, D.D., a clergyman of Rochester, Massachusetts, formerly of East Windsor, Connecticut, one of the founders of the society. In early life he determined to buy about $200 worth of books every year. This he continued to do nearly half a century, till he had accumulated about 5000 volumes. It is a curious and valuable collection. STATE LIBRARY OF CONNECTICUT. (1857.) 6000 vols. A collection of some 3000 volumes of public documents and miscellaneous books was placed under the care of the Secretary of State, as a nucleus for a State library, before a distinct department of the kind had been organized. In the May session, 1854, it was resolved by the General Assembly that a committee should be appointed to regulate the affairs of the library, and select a librarian. J. Hammond Trumbull was appointed, and entered on the discharge of his duties in the autumn of 1854. The rooms in the upper story of the State House at Hartford, until then appropriated to the library, were found too small and inconvenient, and another room was constructed, well adapted for the purpose, and readily accessible from all parts of the building. In February, 1855, the books were removed to it, classified and arranged upon the shelves. A catalogue was prepared for use in the library; but in view of a probable rearrangement of the books, and of changes consequent upon supplying missing volumes and filling up imperfect series of reports, &c., the numbering of the books has not been completed. The librarian remarks in his report, 1855, "As yet, Connecticut has only the beginning of a library, not entirely complete in any of its departments, and in some very deficient-far from being adequate to supply necessary books of reference to the legislators, judges, state officers, and others who have occasion to resort to it. Its increase has been, necessarily, very slow, having been mainly dependent on exchanges with other CONNECTICUT. 9 States, the receipt of public documents and other works distributed by Congress, and (since 1849) the operations of the system of international exchange." The library of the Hartford County Law Library Association, which contains a valuable collection of rare and important works, has been practically united with that of the State. TRINITY COLLEGE. (1855.) 6000 vols. Historical Sketch. —" At a very early period in the history of the Diocese of Connecticut, after its complete organization by the consecration of Seabury, its first bishop, in 1784, a seminary of sound learning and Christian education began to be regarded as a desideratum. The first step in this direction was the founding of the Cheshire Academy; the earliest measures for the establishment of which were taken by a Convocation of the Clergy of the Diocese under Seabury, held at East Haddam, in February, 1792. This institution, which was incorporated with limited privileges in 1801, was designed to serve as the foundation of an institution of a higher character as soon as a charter conferring full collegiate powers could be obtained from the State. In this view it was often spoken of as' Seabury College.' "Unavailing efforts were made to enlarge the powers of the Academy in 1804, and again in 1810. In one instance only were they so far successful that an act granting a collegiate charter was passed by a decided vote in the House of Representatives, but rejected by the Council (Senate). Vacancy in the Episeopate, and afterwards the establishment of the General Theological Seminary, were among the causes which led the churchmen of Connecticut to defer their project for founding a college to happier times, which seem to have dawned with the adoption of the State Constitution in 1818; for Bishop Brownell, who was consecrated in 1819, was enabled shortly after to carry the design into execution. A petition, numerously signed, was presented to the Legislature on the 13th of May, 1823. On the 16th the charter passed the lower House, and soon after received the sanction of the Senate and the signature of the Governor. "The news of the final passage of the bill granting the charter was received with great joy by the citizens of Hartford. Cannon were fired and bonfires lighted. Measures were immediately taken to raise the requisite funds, the charter having provided that the trustees should 10 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. not proceed to organize the institution until funds to the amount of $30,000 should be secured. Over $50,000 were immediately subscribed; three-fourths of this sum in Hartford and its vicinity. AAn ample site, possessing rare capabilities, was secured on an eminence overlooking the city of Hartford, and about half a mile west of the State House. The buildings were begun in June, 1824, and the College commenced its operations in September of the same year, Bishop Brownell being its first President. The first Commencement was held in August, 1827, in the Centre Church, when ten young gentlemen received the degree of B. A. " Bishop Brownell, finding that the cares and labors of the Diocese required his undivided attention, resigned the presidency in 1831, and was succeeded by the Rev. N. S. Wheaton, D.D., who continued at the head of the College until 1837. During his presidency, and chiefly by his personal efforts, the Hobart Professorship was endowed with the sum of $20,000; the Seabury Professorship of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy with $14,000, and large additions made to the general funds of the institution. The Rev. Silas Totten, D.D., was chosen President in 1837, and continued to hold the office till the close of the academic year in 1848. During his incumbency Brownell Hall was erected (in 1845); the funds having been mainly contributed by the citizens of Hartford. About the same time a charity fund, amounting to $12,000 was raised by subscription throughout the Diocese, to enable the College to give free tuition in the form of scholarships to those who may need such assistance. " By permission of the legislature of this same year (1845) the name of the College was changed from Washington to TRINITY. It was in 1845 that the Trustees passed certain statutes organizing the House of Convocation and creating the Board of Fellows. " The Rev. Dr. Totten was succeeded in 1848 by the Rev. John Williams, D.D., an alumnus of the College. Under his presidency the library was considerably augmented, the number of students increased, the Professorship of Public Economy established, and a Theological Department organized. In 1849, by an alteration of the charter, the Bishop of the Diocese was made Chancellor and ex officio President of the Board of Trustees. In 1851, Dr. Williams was elected Assistant Bishop of this Diocese, and in 1853, finding that his Episcopal duties demanded his whole time and attention, he resigned the presidency of the College. His successor is the Rev. Daniel R. Goodwin, D.D., late of Bowdoin CONNECTICUT. 11 College, who entered on his duties in September, 1853. The year 1854 saw the Scovill Professorship of Chemistry and Natural Science endowed with $20,000 by a single family, and a donation of $5000 from a single individual, which is to be known as the Elton Fund for the library. It is the purpose of the trustees and friends of the College to go on and endow at least one professorship every year until its apparatus for instruction is, in all respects, of the most complete and perfect character. " The College Halls, three in number, are built of Portland stone, and in the Ionic style. Jarvis Hall, which was erected in 1824, is 45 feet in width, 150 in length, and four stories high. Seabury Hall, erected in 1824, 90 by 55 feet, and three stories high, contains the chapel, 50 by 35 feet, which is furnished with a fine organ, the library, and cabinet, each of the same dimensions with the chapel, the laboratory, the philosophical and other public rooms. Brownell Hall, built in 1845, is 48 by 150 feet, and four stories high. " The cabinet contains an extensive collection of minerals and geological specimens, to which has recently been added one of the finest collections of shells in the country."-(( Catalogye.) " The library was commenced in 1824. It is open every Monday to all who wish to consult it, a small sum being charged to under-graduates for its use. 3500 vols. are in English, 500 French, 100 other modern languages, 1600 Latin, 250 Greek, and about 50 Oriental. Among the rarer works may be mentioned a fine copy of Walton's Polyglot, with the Lexicon, 8 vols. folio, the gift of Dr. J. W. Francis, of N. Y., Hiitter's Polyglot, Nuremburg, 1599, and Bagster's superb copies of the Codex Bezre, and the Codex Alexandrinus of the New Testament, Stephens's Greek Testament, 1550, and of Greek works printed before 1600, the following in folio: Plutarch, Paralella, Basle, 1533. Plutarch, Moralia, Basle, 1542. Isocrates, Wolfii, Basle, 1570. Isocrates, H. Stephens, 1593. Suidas, Lexicon, Basle, 1544. Dionysius, Halicarnassus, Frankfort, 1586. Plato, H. Stephens (with the dedicatory epistles), 1578, 3 vols. in 2. Nicetas, Acom. Wolfii, 1593. Demosthenes and Eschines, Wolfii, 1572, 2 vols. Eusebius, Preparatio Evang., Paris, 1544, Editio Princeps. AEschyli Tragoedire VII, H. Stephens, 1557. 12 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. A large number of rare and valuable English pamphlets, many of which probably could not be duplicated in this country, among which are: Bishop Provost's collection, 20 vols. That of Rev. Coesar Otway, Minor Canon of St. Patrick's, 58 vols. From the Duke of Sussex's collection, 6 vols. Collected by the Father and Grandfather of the late Dean Rennel, 42 vols. Collected by Dean Rennel, Catholic Emancipation, &c., 48 vols. Collected by Dean Rennel, Reform and Education, 23 vols. A collection of very scarce and curious Tracts on Popery, from 1606 to 1746, 7 vols. About 60 more bound volumes, and nearly 2000 unbound. And about 2000 American pamphlets. A copy of Junius's Letters, original Edition, with MS. corrections, by Junius himself,-presented by Rev. Dr. Thomas Hartwell HIorne. Of early printed works, we have: Henry de Hessia's Exposition of the Lord's Prayer, &c., 1470-1474. St. Augustine de Civitate Dei, 1490. The interest of the Elton Fund, $5000, founded by John P. Elton, Esq., of Waterbury, and other funds of small amount, are devoted to the increase of the miscellaneous library. The interest of the fund presented by Bishop Burgess, of Maine, $500, is devoted exclusively to the purchase of recent theological works. Jos. E. Sheffield, Esq., has also given $5000 to the library fund. A catalogue was printed in 1832. 8vo. pp. 24. The libraries of the ATHENEUM and the PARTHENON Societies contain upwards of 7000 volumes." —( C J. Hoadly.) ATHEN2EUM, TRINITY COLLEGE. (1857.) 3625 vols. " The history of the Athenaeum dates from the earliest days of Trinity College. In the fall of 1824 the first movement was made for its organization, and at a meeting of the students of Trinity (then Washington) College, a committee, consisting of the Rt. Rev. T. C. Brownell, Professor G. W. Doane (now Bishop of New Jersey), and Messrs. Wallace, Crary, and Clemens, was appointed to frame a constitution for the proposed literary society. The first regular meeting was held on the 4th CONNECTICUT. 13 June, 1825, at which time the constitution was presented, adopted, and subscribed. From this time weekly meetings were regularly held, and an enthusiastic d6votion uniformly manifested to the interests of a society'established for the literary improvement of its members, especially in declamation, composition, and extemporaneous debate.' "The badge and motto of the Athenaeum were not determined upon until the year 1826. In the month of January in that year, the badge was adopted, and the motto declared to be: SAPIENS SOLUS EST LIBER. The form for diplomas was first set forth in 1827, although none were issued until 1834, in which year also the method of conferring them was arranged. "On the 27th October, 1827, the request of nineteen members to withdraw was granted, and an honorable dismission given. This defection resulted in the establishment of another society, known as the Parthenon. "In the summer of 1828, some members of the Athenmeum were dismissed to carry into effect their wish to found a third society. The endeavors of these members issued in the organization of the OBNP, a society of which little is now known save the mere name. " The hall at present occupied by the Athenmeum was obtained from the Faculty, and furnished during the year 1828; but it was not till the year 1849 that the very large accumulation of books rendered a separate library-room necessary. ~" With the exception of the small sums necessary for incidental expenses, all the treasury money is devoted to the improvement of the library." The average increase of the library has been 110 volumes annually. YOUNG MEN'S INSTITUTE. (1857.) 11,611 vols. The first meeting for the formation of this society was held on Friday evening, 19th May, 1838, at which Hon. Thos. S. Williams was chairman, and WinVm. Jas. Hammersley, secretary. Henry Barnard, 2d, was elected president. Before the close of the first year a reading-room was opened, a library of 2600 volumes established, a course of twenty lectures given, two debating classes formed, and 83 life and 344 annual members obtained. An arrangement was also effected with the shareholders of the Hartford Library Company, by which their valuable collection of 3000 volumes was transferred to the Institute. In 1839 an act of incorporation was procured. 14 PUIBLIC LIBRARIESe Every member of the Institute who has paid all sumns due from him to the Institute, and made good all damage and loss which he may have occasioned, and any person by paying $3 a year, in advance, to the librarian, is entitled to all the privileges of the library and reading-room. The library is open for the delivery and receipt of books every day (Sundays excepted), from 10 A. M. until 9 P. M. The following tables show the progress and statistics of the Institute: VOLUMES IN THIE LIBRARY. Year. Whole No. Donated. Purchased. Expeorditure. Members. 1839, 5,620 800 1500 $1,261 91 1840, 6,335 159 597 831 80 427 1841, 6,924 126 463 678 57 497 1842, 7,453 175 478 443 39 484 1843, 7,819 75 280 393 43 540 1844, 8,701 116 882 1,078 80 496 1845, 8,871 121 49 596 13 529 1846, 8,989 21 97 46 21 560 1847, 9,218 27 202 253 96 516 1848, 9,346 23 105 151 84 472 1849, 9,465 36 83 252 54 478 1850, 9,600 40 95 135 78 584 1851, 9,987 103 284 186 85 604 1852, 10,349 59 303 349 18 675 1853, 10,736 63 324 479 68 725 1854, 10,940 43 161 172 08 758 1855, 11,181 51 190 315 47 792 1856, 11,6].1 46 123 Owing to the time and labor required in making the necessary estimates, few of the reports announce the number of volumes annually circulated by the Institute. The following are the estimates that have been made: Circulation, first year,.. 2,000 volumes. do. fourth year,. 25,178 " do. fifth year,. 23,250 do. eighth year,. 25,115 do. ninth year,. 23,100 do. tenth year,.. 24,000 do. eleventh year,... 22,100 do. fourteenth year, 25,000 do. fifteenth year,... 24,000 CONNECTICUT. 15 MIDDLETOWN. WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 6850 vols. Incorporated in 1831; the library was commenced the same year. It contained, August 1, 1848, 5623 volumes, a few MSS., maps, and coins, and in 1855, 6400 volumes. An income of about $225 per annum is derived from a tax upon the under-graduates. A catalogue was printed in 1837, containing fifty pages 8vo. The library is opened five days in the week, in term time, for one hour. The persons entitled to the use of the books are: the faculty, president, graduates, and under-graduates. The last pay $2 per annum. A member of the faculty acts as librarian, with no additional salary. Eleven periodicals are taken regularly. Besides the college library, the PEITHOLOGIAN and PHILORHETORIAN Societies of students, connected with the University, possessed, in 1850, 5500 volumes. " The college library has been enriched by many valuable donations, only a few of which can be here noticed. The most valuable was made by Thomas Chapman, Esq., of Camden, New Jersey, and is called, as a token of respect to the donor, the Chapman Library of the Wesleyan University. This portion of the library, in number about 2000 volumes, consists of all the books in cases D, E, and F, except such as are marked with a t. There are among them 177 folios and 121 quartos. Of these, 1655 volumes were fixed at a low price: one-half of the amount was presented by Mr. Chapman, and the other half paid by the trustees. The remainder of the 2000 volumes was given with no reserve but the privilege of adding to the number. Among the latter is a splendid copy of the Antwerp Polyglot, in 8 folio volumes. That part of the catalogue distinguished by a ~, numbering 375 volumes, was the library of the late John Summerfield, and presented to the University by his brother-in-law, James Blackstock, Esq., of New York. Those distinguished by a %, are books presented by the British Conference, valued at ~100. Other valuable presents have been made by authors and other individuals, of which more specific notice cannot be taken in this place." Two hundred and fifty dollars were expended for books during 1854, $207 26 during 1855. From 1851-6, $960 66. During 1855, 520 volumes were taken out by 91 persons. About 150 volumes are added yearly. 16 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. NEW BRITAIN. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. (1856.) 5600 vols. Established by the Legislature in 1849. The school is furnished with the best works on the theory and practice of education, which the Normal pupils are expected to read, and on some of which they are examined. The library has recently been increased by the addition of the best standard works in English literature; and the members of the school have free access to all the best dictionaries and encyclopedias in the language. The library is open on Wednesday and Saturday, from 8~ to 9 o'clock A. M. About $50 are annually expended for books. 1600 volumes are lent during the year. NEW HAVEN. YALE COLLEGE. (1857.) 35,000 vols. " In the year 1700, ten of the principal ministers met at New Haven and formed themselves into a society, and agreed to form a college in the colony. At their next meeting, which was at Branford, the same year, each of them brought a number of books, and, presenting them to the society, said: I give these books for the founding of a college in this colony2.' "Bishop Berkeley, about 1733, sent to the library from Europe'the finest collection "of books that ever came together at one time into America.' Sir Isaac Newton, Sir Richard Steele, Drs. Burnet, Woodward, Halley, Bently, Kennet, Calamy, Edwards, the Reverend Mr. Henry, and Mr. Whiston, presented their own works to the library. "The growth of the library till 1845 was very gradual. In that year a very large and valuable accession, selected and purchased in Europe by Professor Kingsley, gave to the library a new and vigorous impulse, and placed it among the best collections of books in this country. " The library contains also a few MSS., charts, and engravings-not easy to specify in numbers. The IMSS. bequeathed by President Stiles are in about 40 volumes." For the ten years preceding 1849, from 900 to 1000' volumes were added annually; since that time the number has been about 2000. CONNECTICUT. 17' There is a permanent fund of $27,000 for the increase of the library, yielding annually $1620. In 1845-46 a building was erected for the use of the College Library and the three Society libraries. The material is red sandstone from Portland, Connecticut. The total cost was $40,000. The books are arranged on the shelves according to subjects, as far as may be conveniently practicable. The books are not numbered. Catalogues were printed in 1743, 1755, 1791, 1808, and 1823. The library is open every day in the year (except Sundays and three or four public days), in term time, from 10 A.M. to 1 P.M., and from 3 to 5 P.M.; and in summer, commonly an hour or two more: in vacation, every day from 3 to 5 hours. The persons entitled to the use of the books are, the professors, members of the professional schools of the college, and members of the senior and junior classes. Seniors and juniors pay a small charge; others pay nothing. The privileges of the library are granted to many literary and scientific persons in town. Books are lent out, but consultation in the library is encouraged in preference. The number of volumes lent during 1854 was 2389 to 323 persons. The term of loan is one month, except to the officers of the college, who frequently retain books until the general return in August. The number of visitors from curiosity and study is, in fair weather, large. The number of consulters may vary from five to fifteen daily. Books are lent to persons at a distance on application to the library committee, and without charge. For two or three years past, books have been constantly out of town under this regulation."' The expenditure for books during the year ending July 1, 1854, was, $3208 13 CC" " binding " " " 85 30 periodicals " " " 84 80 " salaries " " " ] 125 00 " books " " 1855, 1069 19 " binding " " " 62 15 " periodicals " " " 77 11 " " salaries " " " 1416 66 In five years, ending January 1, 1857, $7800 have been expended for books. The average yearly expenditure for periodicals is about $200. A large number of the most valuable European journals are taken. The library of the AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY (1857), 2000 vols., was deposited in one of the rooms of the College building in the spring of 1855. 2 18 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. The Theological Library, in the Trumbull Gallery Building, the Law Library, in the Law College, the Medical Library, in the Medical College, and the Scientific Library, in the Analytical Laboratory, are intended for the especial use of those who are connected with these several departments. The whole number of books in the College library is about (1857),. 35,000 " " " libraries of the professional schools,. 5,000 "( 5" "L libraries of the literary societies,. 25,000 Total,.. 65,000 LINONIAN SOCIETY, YALE COLLEGE. (1855.) 12,500 vols. Founded September, 1753. The library was established principally by the members of the classes of 1769-70. In the records of the society at that time is found a vote of thanks to Timothy Dwight, Nathan Hale, and James Hillhouse, for the first contribution of books. From the records and catalogues we are enabled to show the number of volumes at different periods. In 1770 there are stated to be nearly 100 vols.; 1780, 152 vols.; 1790, 330 vols.; 1800, 475 vols.; 1811, 724 vols.; 1822, 1187 vols.; 1831, 3505 vols.; 1837, 5581 vols.; 1841, 7500 vols.; 1849, 10,103 vols.; 1855, 12,500 vols. The last catalogue was printed November, 1846; 274 pp. 8vo. BROTHERS IN UNITY, YALE COLLEGE. (1855.) 12,500. Founded in 1768, by twenty-one individuals, among whom was David Humphreys, LL.D., who was distinguished for his patriotic services during the Revolution. "It may be interesting to some to know the object for which the society was founded. It is well known, that in ancient times the members of the lower classes were compelled to be servants to those of the upper classes. The junior members were forced to do the bidding of the seniors, even to the most servile occupation, under dread of the severest penalties; and, we are informed by some of the oldest graduates of the College, that prior to the establishment of the'Brothers in Unity,' no freshman was received into any society in College. " To the Freshman Class of 1768, headed by General Humphreys, and to the Society of'Brothers in Unity,' founded by such men, for such a CONNECTICUT. 19 purpose, is due the breaking up of that senseless class distinction, and degrading servility, which had so long disgraced the senior members of College, and had done so much injury to those newly entered on its catalogue. The attempt to break up this custom was so successful, that other societies, which had sneered at freshmen, were forced to treat them with respect. " Since its establishment, the Brothers Society has been conspicuous in the number and talent of its members. Among other distinguished names, on the catalogue, are those of six governors of States, seven chief justices and fifteen justices of Supreme Courts, thirteen senators and forty-five representatives in the United States Congress, fourteen presidents of colleges, and forty-six professors, of whoml twelve have been professors in Yale College, sixty-seven tutors of Yale College alone, three lieutenant-governors of Connecticut, two attorneys-general, one bishop, and one vice-president of the United States. Thirty members have attained to the honorary degree of LL.D., and twenty-nine to that of S.T.D. Every President of the United States, with the exception of two, has had in his cabinet one of our members, and the governor's chair of Connecticut has been filled for twenty years with Brothers in Unity. " The library of the Society of Brothers in Unity is located in the north wing of the new College Library building. "The oldest catalogue which we have seen (probably the oldest in existence), is a manuscript originally prepared by Judge Baldwin of this city, and by him lately presented to the library. Judge Baldwin was librarian of the class of 1781, thirteen years subsequent to the formation of the society. This valuable relic contains a list of only 163 volumes, but those carefully selected standard works. The library was at that time kept in a private room, and jealously closed against all except mnembers. A collection of the printed catalogues, nearly if not quite complete, is to be found in the library of the College. It appears from these, that from 1808 to 1825 the various societies issued joint catalogues. The last catalogue was published in April, 1846, 224 pp. 8vo. It differs in several respects from those which have preceded it. The list of authors has been very much increased-completed, so far as time would allow-and inserted in the body of the work. The whole has been rewritten, and in very many cases the titles of books given with greater distinctness. The index has also been rendered more perfect, by 20 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. the addition of three or four new divisions. Books can, therefore, be found almost invariably under the name of the author, usually also under the most prominent word of their own title, and finally, under their appropriate subject in the index." The number of volumes in the Brothers' library, at various periods, is as follows: 1781, 163 vols.; 1808, 723 vols.; 1811, 756 vols.; 1814, 860 vols.; January, 1818, 937 vols.; September, 1822, 1187 vols.; November, 1825, 1730 vols.; April, 1829, 2550 vols.; September, 1832, 3562 vols.; January, 1835, 4565 vols.; June, 1838, 6078 vols.; 1850, 9140 vols.; 1851, 10,500 vols.; 1855,. 12,500 vols. CALLIOPEAN SOCIETY, YALE COLLEGE. (1849.) 6020 vols. A catalogue, 94 pp. 8vo., was published in 1846. YOUNG MEN'S INSTITUTE. (1857.) 7769 vols. In 1826, eight young men founded an association under the name of "; The Apprentices' Literary Association." For several years it had but few members; and, in 1828, the name was changed to that of "The Young Mechanics' Institute," having for its object "mutual assistance in the attainment of useful knowledge." It numbered, at this period, 24 members; and its library contained about 65 volumes. In May, 1841, the Society was incorporated under the name of "The New Haven Young Men's Institute," after an arrangement had been made with a library association, by which the library was increased to 3200 volumes. From 1841 to 1851 the average annual increase was about 200 volumes; and in the latter year, the library contained upwards of 5000 volumes of miscellaneous books. In July, 1856, the Institute took possession of an appropriate and convenient building, erected for its use. The library is open every day on which business is usually transacted, from 8 to 12 A.li., and from 2 to 5, and from 7 to 9 P.M. A separate apartment has been fitted up as a Ladies' Reading-Room. The following table gives interesting statistics relative to the Institute CONNECTICUT. 21 Year. No. of Members. No. of Volumes. Year. No. of Members. No. of Volumes. 1826, 8, - 1840, 480. 1827, 18, 1- 841, 350, 3200. 1828, 24, 65. 1842, 275, 3530. 1829, 43, 130. 1843, 200, 3650. 1830, 50, 140. 1844), 3648. 1831, 52, - 1845, 220, 1832, 44, 217. 1846, 1833, 52, 225. 1847, 368, 3534. 1834, 60, 333. 1848, 414, 3731. 1835, 126, 352. 1849, 396, 3731. 1836, 131, - 1850, 442, 3731. 1837, 67, - 1851, 660, 5000. 1838, 100, - 1857, 600, 7769. 1839, 124, 445. NEW LONDON. YOUNG MEN'S LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1900 vols. Founded Dec. 11, 1840. Open four days in the week, from 12 to 1 P.M. Members pay $1 on joining, and if over twenty-one years of age, $3 per annum; $2 if under that age. A catalogue was printed in 1851, 39 pp. 8vo. In 1850, the library was entirely destroyed by fire. The Association has been laboring under embarrassments, but is now in a flourishing condition. About 150 volumes were added during 1856. About $200 are expended for books. Between 1852 and 1857, $1500 have been expended for the same purpose. 2000 volumes are lent annually. NORWICH. NORWICH FREE ACADEMY. Founded 1856. Mrs. Harriet Peck Williams presented $5000 to the Academy for the endowment of a library, the income of which is to be appropriated annually for the purchase of books, preparing a room at the same time for its reception, and furnishing a large number of valuable works for immediate use. This is to be called the " Peck Library," in honor of the father of Mrs. Williams, the late Captain Bela Peck. "A living perpetuating memorial, it will exist with freshness long after 22 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. monuments of marble shall have crumbled, or shall have ceased to attract attention." OTIS LIBRARY. (1857.) 4800 vols. Founded in 1850, by Joseph Otis. Any citizen of Norwich can have the use of the library by paying one dollar a year. It is open four days and evenings every week. Mr. Otis expended $10,000 for the building, books, &c., and at his death left $7000, the interest of which is appropriated to the increase of the library. Two hundred volumes are in German. A catalogue was printed in 1853. The average increase has been 400 volumes yearly. The annual cost of supporting the library is $600. $400 are expended for books. About 12 periodicals are taken. WEST XERIDEN. STATE REFORM SCHOOL. (1855.) 1000 vols. Founded in 1854. During 1854, 600 volumes were lent to 70 persons. Its support is derived from donations. Nine periodicals are taken regularly. DELAWARE. DOVER. STATE LIBRARY. (1854.) 2800 vols. The State and Law libraries contained about 2800 volumes in 1854. About 100 volumes are added yearly. GEORGETOWN. ACADEMIC RHETORICAL LIBRARY. (1857.) 225 vols. Incorporated 1854. About ten dollars have been spent for books, and 50 volumes have been added annually to the library. DELAWARE. 23 NEWARK. DELAWARE COLLEGE. (1857.) 9000 vols. Founded 1833. The receipts during 1854 were $200. Expended for books during the same time, $50; binding, $50; periodicals, $20; incidentals, $40. The faculty, students, and those to whom the librarian grants the privilege, have the use of the library. During 1854, 400 volumes were lent to 130 persons. 8000 volumes are in English, 30 in French, 50 in German, 25 in Spanish, 10 in other modern languages, 400 in Latin, 100 in Greek. A catalogue was published in 1843, 52 pp., at a cost of $50 for 500 copies. ADELPHIC SOCIETY, DELAWARE COLLEGE. (1856.) Has a well-selected library. DELTA PHI LITERARY SOCIETY, DELAWARE COLLEGE. (1857.) 1060 vols. Founded January, 1835. This Society lends its books to members, and citizens of Newark. Its library is open once a week. Historical books are most called for. The yearly increase of volumes varies from 25 to 150. The annual expenses are about $100. NEWCASTLE. ASHMUN INSTITUTE. This Institute was founded for the instruction of persons of African descent. It has suitable buildings, well located, and able instructors. NEWCASTLE LIBRARY COMPANY. (1857.) 3800 vols. Founded 1812. The Company is governed by a Board of Directors annually elected by the stockholders, and supported by the income of a fund of $2500, and by annual payments of $2 by stockholders, and $3 by others. The price of a share is $20. The receipts during 1854 were $200, of which $50 were expended for books, $10 for periodicals, $30 salary of librarian, and $10 incidentals. The library is open one hour, on Wednesdays and Saturdays. 1000 24 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. volumes were taken out during 1854 by 25 families. $300 were expended for books during the last five years. A catalogue was printed in 1840, 114 pp. 12mo. About 50 volumes are added yearly. WILMINGTON. LIBRARY COMPANY OF WILMINGTON. (1857.) 4500 vols. Incorporated June 11th, 1788. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851 to January 1st, 1857, $162 41. Average annual number of volumes added to the library to January 1st, 1857, 157. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers from November 1st, 1856, to November 1st, 1857, 10,803 volumes. Owing to increased facilities, by opening the library every day, the increase in three years was from 3000 to 10,803. WESLEYAN FEMALE COLLEGE. (1857.) 800 vols. Incorporated 1857. Average annual amount expended for books, since 1851, $100. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 150. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 800. The " IIs," a literary society, has its weekly meetings, a reading-room, and valuable library of nearly 600 volumes. FLORIDA. JACKSONVILLE. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 30 vols. Organized April 25th, 1857. The library has just been commenced. PENSACOLA. NAVAL HOSPITAL. (1850.) 1337 vols. Founded January 16th, 1847. The library has been raised by voluntary subscriptions of the inmates of the hospital, and of benevolent indi GEORGIA. 25 viduals, officers of the navy, &c. Mr. Secretary Mason directed $150 to be given from the Naval Hospital Fund. A considerable number of donations have been received. The library-room is in the hospital, and measures 27 feet by 24, and 17 feet high. It is open from morning to evening every day. Any inmate of the hospital may take out one book at a time. The library is the property of the hospital, and is under the direction of the surgeon in charge. ST. AUGUSTINE. HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF FLORIDA. Organized 1857, for the purpose of collecting and preserving books, pamphlets, manuscripts, maps, relics, and other materials and memorials connected especially with the history of Florida, and the diffusion of information thus obtained. TALLAHASSEE. STATE LIBRARY OF FLORIDA. (1857.) 6500 vols. Established in 1845, re-organized in 1854. The average annual number of volumes added to the library is about 500. This is not a circulating library. The books are not allowed to be taken from the building. It is merely a library of reference, consisting of Congressional and State documents, Law-books, and Reports, for the use of the Judges. No appropriations have ever been made by the Legislature of this State, and the only source of increase is by private donations, exchange of documents with other States, and such books as can be obtained by exchange of Florida documents. GE OR GIA. ATHENS. UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, OR FRANKLIN COLLEGE. (1857.) 13,000 vols. The present college library was commenced in 1831, the former one 26 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. having been destroyed by fire in October, 1830. The yearly average increase for the last five years has been about 500 volumes. The income of the library is derived from appropriations by the trustees of the College. In 1835, a brick building was erected for the accommodation of the library and mineralogical cabinet, at a cost of $3000. It is 50 feet long and 40 wide, measuring from the outside of the walls. It is two stories high, with two rooms on each floor. The books are arranged according to subjects. The trustees, faculty, resident, and under-graduates, are allowed the free use of the books. Under-graduates are required to return or renew them every two weeks. Literary gentlemen and ministers of the Gospel, in the place, are, on the responsibility of the faculty, admitted to the privileges of the library. The trustees and faculty alone are allowed to take books out of the town. In the libraries belonging to the societies, there are 5000 volumes, making, in all, 18,000 volumes to which the students have access. A catalogue was published in 1850, 146 pp. 8vo.; and a supplement in 1853, 32 pp. 8vo. A catalogue was printed in 1855, 31 pp. 350 copies cost $50. The receipts during 1856 were $50. During the same year, $150 were expended for books, $10 for binding, $12 for periodicals. The library is open to the use of all the students, one hour, two days in the week. During 1856, 500 volumes were lent to 109 persons. 2646 volumes are in English, 12 French, 6 Spanish, 24 Latin, 8 Greek, and 1 Iebrew. The PHI KAPPA Society was founded in 1820, and possesses a library of 2300 volumes. The DErOSTHENIAN Society was founded in 1801; the library of which contains 2700 volumes. AUGUSTA. MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA. (1857.) 3500 vols. Founded 1853. The average yearly increase is about 100 volumes. The expenditure for books, $100. The library occupies a room in the College building 25 feet by 35, and is opened daily during the forenoon. The faculty are allowed the use of the books by having the work taken out charged to the borrower; the students, by depositing $10 as security for the return of each volume. GEORGIA. 27 2500 volumes are in English, 1000 in French, 50 German, 30 Italian, 60 Latin. YOUNG MEN'S LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1855.) 3500 vols. Founded 27th January, 1848. It is supported by the proceeds of a permanent fund of'13,500 and annual subscriptions. The receipts during 1854 were $1220, and in the same time $780 were expended for books, $81 27 for binding, $281 for periodicals, $300 for salaries, $450 for incidentals. Life-members are constituted by the payment of $50. Clerks, apprentices, and members of the free schools, pay $1 a year; all others $5. The library is open daily from 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. The books are arranged in the order of purchase. During 1854, 484 books were taken out by 73 persons. The Reviews are more read than any other class of works, then fiction, travels, and biography. Sir Walter Scott and Charles Dickens are the favorite authors. The objects of the Association are: 1. To furnish, at a low rate, to the advanced scholars of the two free schools, and to clerks and apprentices of the city, works of standard authors. 2. To acquire and furnish to the community standard works of reference, such as are not usually found in private libraries. 3. To furnish to the commercial community the quickest and most reliable intelligence, from such points as most affect their interests. The reading-room is admirably supplied with the leading foreign and American reviews and newspapers. CASSVILLE. CHEROKEE BAPTIST COLLEGE. (1857.) 563 vols. "Organized 1854.; Located near Cassville, Cass County, Georgia, one and a half miles from the Western and Atlantic Railroad, on a tract of land of about one hundred acres, reserved for college purposes. This enterprise was commenced in 1854, and the funds for the erection of the buildings, &c., were raised by the liberality of the friends of education, who felt a pressing necessity for such an institution in Cherokee, 28 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Georgia, where young men could obtain an education nearer home, and at less expense than required at other like institutions; and where education could be placed more especially in the reach of our poor young men. The institution, while it is not intended or designed to be sectarian, is denominational, and is under the control of the'Cherokee Georgia Baptist Convention.'" The trustees have erected a commodious three-story brick building in a beautiful grove. This building, besides a large and convenient chapel, contains seven recitation-rooms, a room for library, chemical and philosophical apparatus each, a large lecture-room, and also two rooms for literary societies which lmay be established by the students. The ALPHIA PI DELTA Society has a library of 600 volumes. COLUMBUS. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. Organized on the 18th of November, 1856. It has seventy members, July, 1857. " The meetings occur once every week, but for a different object each week in the month. The first week is a prayer-meeting, the second a debate, the third a meeting for business, and the fourth for hearing an essay by some member. Our Sabbath-school, of fifty scholars, is in successful operation, and another one is about being organized under the auspices of the Association. Our friends are coming up to our assistance with a kind spirit, and we hope soon to open a respectable reading-room, and purchase a choice library. A class for the study of the Holy Scriptures will soon go into operation, under the kind instruction of an able minister. We meet in the very comfortable rooms of the Sons of Temperance, in this city, being unable to build for ourselves. We have public lectures once each month, to which all are invited." GRIFFIN. MARSHALL COLLEGE. (1857.) 50 vols. Organized 1853. GEORGIA. 29 MACON. WESLEYAN FEMALE COLLEGE. (1857.) 1500 vols. Incorporated in November, 1837, and opened for students in January, 1839. The library occupies a room in the College edifice, and is accessible at all hours of every day. The use of the books is free to the officers and pupils of the school. About 200 books are added annually. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 800 vols. The books belonging to this Association formed originally the Iechanics' Library, and cost $1000. Any citizen can use the library by paying 61 per annum. MILLEDGEVILLE. OGLETHORPE UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 4000 vols. The College library was founded with the College, in 1838. It contains about 4000 volumes, mostly donations, and occupies a large and airy room in the College edifice. It is open twice a week, one hour each time. The laws allow the books being lent, within a mile of the College, at the discretion of the president. Persons connected with the College may use them without fee. The two literary societies (the THALIAN and the PHI DELTA) have well-selected libraries of 1000 vols. each. STATE LIBRARY OF GEORGIA. (1857.) 6000 vols. Founded December 17th, 1847. An annual appropriation of $1000 is made for the library. During 1854, $2000 were expended for books, $14 for periodicals, $300 for salaries, and $50 for incidentals. In 1855, the salary of the librarian was increased to $500 a year. Most of the books are on law, but about 300 are of a miscellaneous character. About 300 volumes were taken out during the year 1854. $5000 have been expended for books during the last five years. A few of the leading reviews are taken. 30 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. OXFORD. EMORY COLLEGE. (1857.) 2700 vols. Founded in 1839. The library contained, 1850, 1020 volumes, increasing by donations alone. It occupies 20 feet square in the College building. There is no printed catalogue. It is open four days each week, half an hour at a time. Professors and students are allowed to use the books without charge. About 250 volumes are taken out each year. There are two societies of students having libraries. The FEW SOCIETY has 725 volumes; the PHI GAMMA SOCIETY, 960 volumes. PENFIELD. MERCER UNIVERSITY. (1856.) 3000 vols. The library was commenced when the College was chartered, in 1838. The available funds of the College have hitherto been devoted mainly to the purchase of apparatus and the erection of buildings, whilst the library has remained nearly stationary. In the year 1829, IMr. Josiah Penfield, of Savannah, bequeathed to the Baptist Convention of the State of Georgia, $2500, to aid in the education of poor young men preparing for the Gospel ministry. Other funds were obtained for the same object; and in January, 1833, a Literary and Theological Institution, with a department for manual labor, was established. In its progress, the character of the institution became elevated, and, in 1838, it received a charter from the Legislature, with the title of Mercer University. In 1844, the manual labor was discontinued, and the present course of Theological instruction was commenced. The Philosophical and Chemical Apparatus cost $2500. The Cabinet of Minerals, and the Museum of Curiosities, contain valuable specimens. Two Literary Societies, connected with the University, have valuable libraries. Besides its valuable buildings, the University possesses the following funds University Fund............ 81,524 Central Professorship Fund,....... 18,400 Mercer Theological Fund,..... 21,492 New Theological Fund......... 450 Total,............'. 121,866 GEORGIA. 831 SAVANgNAH. HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 4000 vols. Founded in June, 1839, and incorporated on the 19th of December of the same year. It has published several volumes of Collections. The Legislature confided to the care of the Society the valuable documents obtained in England by the Rev. Charles W. Howard, at a large expense to the State. "These are comprised in 22 volumes folio. Fifteen are from the records of the Board of Trade, six from the State Paper Office, and one from the King's Library; forming a body of historical information full of the most interesting statements, letters, and reports relating to the colonial period of Georgia." Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, about $100. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, about 50. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, about 200. "' This province (Georgia) was scarce thirty years settled before it had three fine libraries in the city of Savannah, the fourth at Ebenezer, and a fifth 96} miles from the sea, upon the stream of Savannah. In these libraries could be had books written in the Chaldaic, Hebrew, Arabic, Syriac, Coptic, Malabar, Greek, Latin, French, German, Dutch, and Spanish, besides the English, viz., in thirteen languages." —(De Brahm's Georgia, privately printed by G. W. Jones, of Georgia, in 1849, from an old MS. in Harvard University Library.) SAVANNAH MEDICAL COLLEGE. (1857.) 807 vols. Founded 1853. "It has a commodious building, unusually well designed and constructed for its purposes, contains all the necessary lecture-rooms, museum, library, laboratory, and dissecting-rooms, and all the accommodations for 300 students. "It is furnished with all the requisite apparatus and means of illustrating the various subjects taught by the different professors. The charter of the College is most ample in its provisions, and will confer on its graduates every privilege which any other institution is capable of granting." 32 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. SAVANNAH YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 800 vols. Organized January, 1855. $75 have been expended for books. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 100. YOUNG MEN'S LITERARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 431 vols. Founded October, 1855. Up to 1857, $350 had been expended for books. The library was destroyed by fire soon after it was formed, and 150 volumes lost. ILLINOIS. ALTON. ALTON LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1000 vols. Founded December 18th, 1852. The value of each share of stock is $5, on which an annual tax is laid of $1. The library is open every Saturday afternoon. Very strict regulations are adopted to prevent those from using the library who may be in arrears. Receipts during 1854, $400; expenditures, $469. In 1853, there were 309 books taken out; in 1854, 863; in 1855, 913; in 1856, 1309, by 374 persons. A course of Scientific Lectures is given every year. The librarian's salary is $52 per annum. $700 were expended for books during the last five years. ILLINOIS PENITENTIARY. Fifty dollars are appropriated annually for the purchase of books. " There ought to be at least five hundred dollars appropriated, at once, for the purchase of books for the use of the prison, in addition to the fifty dollars per annum now so applied. Most of the standard works of History, Travels, and Biography, and many of the abridged metaphysical works, ought to be in the prison. For these, there is more demand than for reli ILLINOIS. 33 gious literature. Such books would be sought, and read with intense interest, and therefore ought to be supplied. No great improvement in morals can be expected without intellectual enlargement, and hence I would earnestly recommend that more care be taken to furnish'wholesome food for thought.' "- Chaplain's Report. BELLEVILLE. GERMAN LIBRARY, OF ST. CLAIR CO. (1855.) 2066 vols. Founded 1836. It is supported by an annual contribution of $2 from each member, and an initiatory fee of $3 from new members. The receipts during 1854 were $100; and about $90 were expended for books. Any person can borrow books by paying five cents a week per volume. During 1854, 412 volumes were lent to 35 persons. Of the volumes in the library, 647 are in English, 81 in French, I Spanish, 35 Latin, 5 Greek, and 1297 in German. A catalogue of 24 pp. 8vo. was printed in February, 1854. A number of foreign and American papers are taken. Mr. Anthony Schott, President, has given the following interesting account of the library, founded and sustained by the intelligent and educated German settlers in St. Clair County: "About the year 1830, the wave of immigration from Germany reached the Mississippi River, and but shortly afterwards it was swelled to an unprecedented height by political causes on the old continent. The consequences and reactions of the French Revolution of that year, in and on Germany, caused a great number of persons to despond of any meliorations in the state affairs of Germany, and to seek for an asylum from the renewed and increased oppressions in their fatherland. Those who wended their way to America, were in great numbers from the professional classes, and mostly men in the prime of their lives, who, with youthful ardor, had entered into the political arena, and many of whom had been more or less implicated in the efforts fruitlessly made to obtain the liberty of the press, and more liberal constitutions. Upon them the following book exerted an immense influence:'Duden's Account of a Residence in the Western States of North America' (first edition: Ebberfield, 1829). It was written in an earnest and philosophical manner, in a style, as it were, expressly adapted to the well-educated classes. To that book, it may safely be ascribed, that etweenb 3 34 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 1830 and 1840 so large a number of German immigrants settled in the counties of St. Louis, St. Charles, Washington, and Franklin, in Missouri; and of St. Clair, in Illinois. Thus, in 1836, we found some 5000 to 6000 volumes of books in the possession of new settlers in St. Clair County, Ill., who lived not very far apart and mostly in social intercourse. It was, therefore, practicable to provide for a common centre, in which these books, if not immediately, yet in the future, might be collected, instead of being scattered and lost. The impulse was given by Sparks's Writings of Washington, offered by a trading agent and desired by many, but too expensive for any one alone. This book was fitly made the corner-stone of a common library, to be built up by a very small annual contribution ($2), by donations (and of course they were very often books discarded from the shelves of the donors for their worthlessness to them; though I have had the satisfaction of seeing many of them used to good purpose, which I never had expected to take down again), and eventually by legacies." CARBONDALE. June 9th, 1857, a library association was organized, for the purpose of furnishing good, moral, and religious works to the reading community. CHICAGO. BELL'S COMMERCIAL COLLEGE. (1857.) 2000 vols. Founded January, 1854. The students of the College, and donors who are life-members, have the gratuitous use of the library. It is open every evening from 7 to 9 o'clock. The books are arranged in numerical order. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $300. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 200. During the course of a year all the volumes are read. CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 16,473 vols., including Pamphlets. Organized April 24, 1856. Chartered February 7, 1857. Since 1856, $348 have been expended for books. ILLINOIS. 35 CHICAGO MECHANICS' INSTITUTE. (1856.) 4000 vols. Incorporated in February, 1843. The library has been judiciously divided into departments of circulation and reference. The former is made up of history, biography, tracts, and light reading in general. The library of reference is already a valuable collection, and it is designed to make it a great storehouse of facts, of national, political, and social interest, particularly in relation to the Northwest. The Institute has 600 members, but efforts are now being made to increase this number, and to enlarge its field of operations. Members of the Institute, their families, and apprentices, use the library without charge. Other citizens pay $3 per annum, apprentices, $1. About 2000 volumes are lent yearly. A catalogue was published in 1843, and another in 1847. CHICAGO THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1857.) 710 vols. Chartered March 6, 1855. This Seminary has been organized by the Congregational churches in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Wisconsin, Missouri, and Minnesota, and is under the charge of a board of directors elected by a triennial convention of these churches. Each of the professors, previous to his inauguration, must promise adherence to a "Declaration of Faith." During 1855, funds amounting to $70,000 were raised, and the effort will be made to increase it to $200,000; of this amount, $60,000 is to be vested in a permanent fund for the support of the professors, $60,000 to be expended for the building, and $80,000 for the purchase of a library. The students spend seven months of each of the three years of the course at the Seminary, pursuing their studies; and four months with pastors of churches, engaging with them in the practical performance of the duties of the clerical profession. This is considered a feature peculiar to this institution. During the past two years $850 were expended for books. 655 volumes are in English, 46 Latin, 5 Greek, 4 Hebrew. EXCELSIOR SOCIETY. (1851.) 2250 vols. Founded June 26, 1846. The average yearly increase of volumes is 462. A partial catalogue was printed in 1851. The library is open once a week, and no charge is made for the use of the books. 36 PUBLIC LIBRAPIES. YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 4000 vols. Organized February-6, 1841. Incorporated January 30,1851. During the first ten years of its existence, it was sustained by the voluntary contributions and efforts of its members. At the outset the library contained 100 volumes. In 1855 it had 2540, and was the largest in the city. During 1855, 688 volumes were added to the library, and $1000 appropriated for books, although $800 had not been expended. The number of books drawn during 1855 was 3966, by 500 members. In 1856, 10,200, by 500 persons. A classified catalogue of the library was printed in 1855, at an expense of $325 for a thousand copies. Eight reviews, ten magazines, and sixty-eight newspapers are taken. About 1000 volumes are added annually, and the expenses amount to $2200. During the last five years $3000 have been expended for books. EVANSTON. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 2030 vols. The first purchase of books for this library was in 1857.;1000 will be appropriated per annum for this purpose. Students pay $1 50 per annum for the use of the library. It is open three hours every Saturday. 1916 volumes are in English, 41 French, 1 German, 22 Latin, 20 Greek. Fourteen periodicals are taken. GALESBURG.:KNOX COLLEGE. (1856.) 2500 vols. Chartered 1837. The academic department was opened in the fall of 1838, with forty students. The library was founded in 1844. Two commodious buildings have been erected, which furnish ample accommodations for college students, as well as rooms for the library, philosophical and chemical apparatus, lecture and recitation rooms, and also rooms for the use of the literary societies. There is also an academy building, a neat and substantial brick edifice, fifty feet by thirty-six, two stories. The upper story is appropriated to the female department. ILLINOIS. 37.ADELPHI SOCIETY, KNOX COLLEGE. (1857.) 401 vols. Founded January, 1845. The library is open to the use of the students on two days in the week. The librarian states that all kinds of books are called for "excepting theology." The Society publishes a monthly magazine called " The Knoxiana." About $60 are annually expended for books. GODFREY. MONTICELLO FEMALE SEMINARY. (1850.) 1100 vols. Founded April 11, 1838. Situated four miles from Alton. It has a large and commodious building, well provided with the facilities for instruction. iHILLSBORO. HILLSBORO COLLEGE. "The library is respectable, as is also the cabinet of natural science.9 JACKSONVILLE. ILLINOIS COLLEGE. (1856.) 3000 vols. Founded 1830. The students pay $1 a year for the use of the library, and have access to it twice a week. This institution was originally founded as a manual labor college, but this was soon abandoned. The buildings were consumed by fire in 1852. An interesting history of this College was given to the alumni by Dr. Sturtevant, at its "quarter century celebration," July 11, 1855. The society libraries have 1500 volumes. STATE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. "A donation of books from the ever-constant friend of the insane, Miss D. L. Dix, whose efforts in behalf of the afflicted are becoming almost conterminous with civilization," has formed the nucleus of a library. About forty-four periodicals are received regularly. 3 8 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. LEBANON. McKENDREE COLLEGE. (1857.) 5000 vols. Founded 1820. The average increase is about 100 volumes a year, mostly donations. About 400 volumes are taken out annually. $100 are expended annually for books. The PLATONIAN Society, formed in 1849, has (1851) 160 volumes. 800 volumes were lent during 1854, to 60 persons. The fee to students for the use of the library is 75 cents a year. It is open on Saturday afternoons. 12 volumes are in French, 40 German, 100 Latin, 50 Greek, 10 Hebrew, and the remainder in English. Twenty-one periodicals are taken. PHILOSOPHIAN SOCIETY, McKENDREE COLLEGE. (1857.) 2000 vols. Founded January 10, 1837. Members of the society and any person presenting it with $8 worth of books can use the library. The books are arranged by size. 870 volumes were lent during 1856. 1450 volumes are in English, 5 French, 15 German, 3 Spanish, 12 Latin, 2 Greek. About 348 volumes are added yearly. $50 have been expended for books in the last five years. A catalogue was printed in February, 1850. 500 copies cost $25. Ten periodicals are taken. PEORIA. PEORIA CITY LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 2900 vols. Organized January, 1856. Incorporated 1857. There has only been one purchase of books, amounting to $1000. The average number of volumes lent to readers is 2800 annually. QUINCY. QUINCY LIBRARY. (1857.) 2172 vols. Organized March 20, 1841. Incorporated February 4. At the first ILLINOIS. 39 meeting 64 shares were sold at $5 each, and the amount thus raised was invested. The first president was E. J. Phillips. The circulation of the books was at first confined to the stockholders, who were allowed to draw two books every fortnight, and it was supposed that the number would increase sufficiently to support the library. This did not prove to be the case, and, in 1848, the public generally were allowed to use the library on the payment of $2 a year. The library is open on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday evenings, from 7 to 9 P.M., and on Saturday afternoon from 2 to 5 P.M. During 1855, 3200 volumes were lent to 44 persons. Three-fourths of these were novels, travels, and adventures. During 1856, 6000 volumes were lent. A catalogue was printed in 1848, at a cost of $30. A course of lectures was given in 1855-6, the net proceeds of which were $120, and a course in 1856-7 yielded $110. It is the intention to add a reading-room as soon as there is a prospect of its being supported. About 130 volumes are added yearly. $450 were expended for books during the last five years. The library is valued at $2838 52. The receipts during 1856 were $428 52, and expenditures $356 43. ROBIN'S NEST. JUBILEE COLLEGE. (1857.) 3200 vols. Organized 1841. Incorporated 1848. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 65. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 300. SPRINGFIELD. ILLINOIS INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE BLIND. "We have been enabled to procure at least one copy of all books printed for the blind, in this country. We now have a fine library for the blind, which furnishes an agreeable and useful source of amusement and instruction. On the Sabbath, and at other times, our school-rooms are often occupied by our pupils industriously employed in reading the Scriptures, and other valuable works from the library, understandingly, though slowly. 40 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. " To devise a form of letter and method of printing, which should diminish the difficulties incident to reading by the touch, has exercised the ingenuity of many teachers of the blind, since the time of the Abbe Hauy. These various attempts to improve have had the effect to multiply the form of the letters, and cause a trial of abbreviations in spelling. The result has been, that the New Testament and some other works have been printed, at great expense, in several styles of typography. " To agree upon a uniform character, and for other purposes, a convention of superintendents of American institutions for the blind, was held in New York, in the vacation of 1853. Fourteen institutions were represented; being all in the United States but two, and it was unanimously resolved to recommend the typography of Dr. Howe for general adoption. " In the great exhibition in London of the industry of all nations, the report of the jury upon books for the blind, contains the following remark, and we hope the conductors of institutions will cheerfully assent to its conclusions: I' In France, Belgium, Prussia, Austria Switzerland, and the United States, the roman lower case alphabet is used. In most, if not all these countries, the institutions for the blind are supported and partially controlled by government, and perhaps this is the reason why in all of them nearly the same system of typography prevails. I"'In Great Britain, however, the case is different. There are now five entirely different systems of typography in use here, and vigorously pressed upon the benevolent public. " The unfortunate blind are thus deprived of the advantages they might have, if harmony of action and uniformity of typography were adopted. This diversity of opinion is causing great injustice to them, and the jury cannot but urge upon the parties concerned the speedy adoption of some one system throughout the country. Our opinion is decidedly in favor of Dr. Howe's American typography.' " From the concurring action of this jury and of the superintendents of American institutions, we have much reason to hope a uniform typography will be adopted by all presses printing for the blind, wherever the English language is spoken. This will greatly tend to enlarge the library for the blind."-Frorm Fourth Report, 1857. ILLINOIS. 41 ILLINOIS INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMsB. Twenty-one periodicals are received. ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 1000 vols. Commenced operations April, 1852. The building is 70 feet by 65, four stories in height. The whole edifice will present a front of 152 feet, the cost of which is estimated at $35,000. The UTILIOR and PHILOMATHEAN Societies have libraries of 100 volumes each. STATE LIBRARY. (1850.) 4000 vols. By Act of the Legislature, March 3, 1845, the Secretary of State is made librarian, and responsible for all the books, papers, maps, &c., belonging to the State. Books may be taken from the State library by the members of the General Assembly and its officers, by the governor, executive officers, justices of the Supreme Court, and attorney-general. No one is permitted to take more than two volumes of miscellaneous works at any one time, and they must be returned within two weeks. If not returned within the time, three times the value of the book is forfeited; and before the auditor can issue his warrant in favor of any member or officer of the General Assembly, for his services during a session, he must be satisfied that all books have been returned by him to the library. An annual return of all the books must be made before the second Monday of each regular session of the Legislature, and a report furnished of the condition of the library. The proceeds of the sales of surplus copies of the laws of the State, are appropriated for the benefit of the library. During 1855 and 1856, $500 were appropriated for books; and the librarian reports, at every session, the number and titles of volumes purchased, and their cost. 42 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. UPPER ALTON. SHURTLEFF COLLEGE. (1855.) 2000 vols. The College and Society libraries contain about 2000 volumes, embracing quite a number of standard works and books of reference, important to the student in his studies, as well as an entertaining variety of general reading, on subjects of useful knowledge. The reading-room has 25 weeklies, 10 monthlies, and 5 quarterlies. The students have established among themselves two Societies. The ALPHA ZETA, and the SOCIETY OF MORAL AND RELIGIOUS INQUIRY. The latter meets once in two weeks, alternately, for discussion of some question of religious interest, and for hearing reports, prepared by its members, on the moral and religious condition of the world. It contributes a number of religious journals and periodicals to the reading-room. Both Societies have made considerable progress in collecting libraries. ALPHA ZETA SOCIETY, SHURTLEFF COLLEGE. (1857.) 250 vols. Founded 1848. The Alpha Zeta Society is literary in its character, designed for the improvement of its members in public speaking, composition, and general information. It holds meetings weekly for exercises in essays, orations, debates, and criticisms. It has a spacious hall, fitted up and furnished with good taste, in the fourth story of the new College edifice. It has also a reading-room, supplied with a rich variety of periodicals, religious, literary, and political, weekly, monthly, and quarterly, from all parts of our country, and reprints of several European quarterlies. About 50 volumes are added yearly. WARSAW. HANCOCK LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 149 vols. Organized September 2d, 1857. One hundred dollars worth of books has just been purchased. INDIANA. 43 WHEATON. ILLINOIS INSTITUTE. "Three railroad lines pass through the town of Wheaton,-the Chicago and Galena Union, the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy, and the Illinois Central. It is 25 miles west of Chicago. The grounds of the Institute inclose 17 acres of land. One large stone edifice and a commodious boarding-hall comprise the present buildings. As the means are furnished, additional buildings will be erected. A fund of $5000 is now subscribed for purchasing apparatus. Of this $1000 have been paid in and expended. The articles now in the rooms of the Institute are of the best class. No distinction is made in the reception of students on account of ancestry or color." INDIANA. lBLOOXINGTON. INDIANA STATE UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 1080 vols. Founded 1816. In the spring of 1854, the University buildings were destroyed by fire, with the College library and those of the PHILOMATHEAN and ATHENEAN Societies. These contained 5000 volumes. In the College Societies there are, respectively, belonging to the PHILOMATHEAN, 400 volumes, and to the ATHENEAN, 392 volumes. " The new University building is in the Collegiate Gothic style, simply and truly carried out; the exterior of closely set brickwork, the openings of doors and windows on the principal front having cut stone dressings; the quoins and gable copings, string and base courses of same material (a beautiful cream-colored limestone, found in great abundance on the ground). The length of front is 145 feet. The building consists of a centre main building, 60 by 53 feet, and three stories high, gabled, and surmounted by a bell-turret at about 80 feet high. The chapel, 66 by 50 feet, society-rooms, committee-rooms, and professors' room, main hall, and passages of communication to the wings, are in the centre building. 44 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. " The wings are each about 38 by 26 feet, also three stories high, but lower than the centre, with intermediate spaces or side halls, in which are placed stairs (to approach the chapel from either side); the library, museum, recitation-rooms, law lecture-room, law library, president's rooms, &c., are in the wings. Under one wing, where the ground falls considerably, a laboratory may be had, or it may be used as a hot-air room, fuel, stores, &c. "An addition of over 800 volumes (worth $1500), has been made to the University Library during the year, by a munificent donation from HI. W. Derby, Esq., of Cincinnati, the great book publisher of the West. The faculty have taken great care in the selection of these books from Mr. Derby's very large assortment of both European and American publications; so that this donation alone, will constitute a most valuable collection of standard works. An alcove is being fitted up, in the new library-room, for their reception; where they will remain as an enduring and ever-speaking monument, to the memory of the generous and liberal donor, who is entitled to and will receive the warmest gratitude of all the friends of the University." CENTREVILLE. SIGOURNIAN SOCIETY, OF WHITE WATER COLLEGE. (1856.) This Society is reported to have "a handsome library of select books." CRAWFORDSVILLE. WABASH COLLEGE. (1855.) 4000 vols. Established in 1833. The library was commenced in 1835, and destroyed by fire in 1838. It was a choice collection of about 2000 volumes, exclusive of the text-book library. A new collection was begun in 1839. During 1854, $460 were received, and $350 expended for books, $25 for binding, $25 for periodicals, and $60 for incidentals. The library is open once a week, and is accessible to all persons connected with the College. Twenty-six periodicals are taken. CALLIOPEAN SOCIETY, WABASH COLLEGE. (1857.) 1753 vols. Founded December 10th, 1847. During 1856, 3900 volumes were lent INDIANA. 45 to 90 persons. 1745 volumes are in English, 3 French, 3 Latin, 2 Greek. A catalogue was printed in 1856, 32 pp., at a cost of $50 for 500 copies. LYCEUM SOCIETY, WABASH COLLEGE. (1857.) 1638 vols. Organized in December, 1847. Previous to this period there were four societies connected with the College, two literary and two secret, the Euphonian and Columbian, the Phi Beta Kappa and the Atalantian; but, contentions arising between these, threatening to destroy their harmony, it was thought best to dissolve their organization, and to establish frome the same materials two new societies, exclusively literary. These were styled the A and Z,.till a permanent organization was effected, when the A, a new constitution having been drafted and adopted, selected the name of the " Lyceum," with the motto, "Inter silvas academi quserere verum;" and the Z the name of " Calliopean." Eight hundred dollars have been expended for books during the last five years, and about 100 volumes are added yearly. Prof. Mills lately made a donation of 103 volumes to the library. Open Saturday morning. Historical books are most read. EVANSVILLE. EVANSVILLE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1650 vols. Founded August 12th, 1855. The capital stock consists of $30,000, divided into 1000 shares of $30 each. Each holder of one or more shares of stock, and contributing $1 annually, is entitled to all the privileges of the Association. Annual subscribers pay $5. The reading-room is supplied with 26 monthly, 15 daily, 7 weekly, and 8 semi- and tri-weekly periodicals. The annual expense is about $700. The library is open daily from 8 A.nM. till 10 P.M. During 1856, 1366 volumes were lent to 228 persons. The books read during 1856, were as follows: history, 527; biography, 360; travels, 218; classics, 107; theology, 55; fiction, 1658; miscellaneous, 341. VANDERBURG COUNTY LIBRARY. (1857.) 2540 vols. Organized in 1852. Average amount expended for books $400. Three hundred volumes added annually. 46 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. GREENCASTLE, INDIANA ASBURY UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 6459 vols. The students pay fifty cents a session of three months, for the use of the library. It is open an hour once a week. There is no fund for literary purposes. The increase is chiefly by donations. In addition to the College library, there is another, received, in 1853, by bequest from HIon. Jas. Whitcomb, formerly Governor of Indiana. The books are not to be taken from the College building. It contains 4159 volumes, of which there are a number of rare old English works, also valuable German, French, Spanish, and Italian books. The PLATONEAN Society has 2000 volumes, and the PHILOLOGICAL Society 1500 volumes. Both have fine halls. INDIANAPOLIS. INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 450 vols. Organized and incorporated by Act of January 10, 1831. No expenditure has been made for books since 1851, the Society having remained almost inactive. The books of the Society are kept for reference, not for the use of general readers. An effort to reorganize the Society will be made at some time in the course of the next session of the State Legislature. INDIANA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. (1856.) Forty-two periodicals are received gratuitously. INDIANA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. (1857.) 1367 vols. Founded 1854. The receipts for the library during 1854, were $196 95. It is open to the officers and pupils, and also donors, once a week. About 45 newspapers and 5 magazines are received. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $120, exclusive of donations. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 273. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 370. INDIANA. 47 STATE LIBRARY. (1857.) 20,000 vols. Founded by Act of Legislature, February 11, 1825. It has many valuable maps and charts; some curious Mexican armor and arms; a portrait of " Beato Simon de Cassia," painted in 1751; a painting of the " Tippecanoe battle-ground," 150 square feet; and a small collection of minerals and fossils. The average increase is about 250 volumes per annum, including Congressional documents. The average expenditure is about $200 a year. The Legislature makes, annually, a specific appropriation for the increase of the State library. It is usually $300, part of which goes to pay for newspapers, periodicals, and binding. The library occupies four rooms on the first floor of the State House, together, 80 feet long, 24 feet wide. The last printed catalogue was published in 1841, and contains 36 pages 8vo. The library is open daily (Sundays excepted) from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M., during the sittings of the Legislature, the Supreme Court of Indiana, and the District Court of the United States; at other times, every Saturday, from 8 A.M. to 4 P,M. Persons entitled to the use of the library are: members of the Legislature, ministers of the Gospel, editors of newspapers, physicians, engineers on the public works, judges of the United States and State courts, attorneys of the Supreme Court, officers of State benevolent institutions, secretaries and clerks of the Legislature, and all persons elected to office by the Legislature. To such persons, the books may be lent out for a period not exceeding thirty days-the books not to be taken from the seat of Government. About 1600 are taken out annually. LAPORTE. INDIANA MEDICAL COLLEGE. The medical department of Laporte University. The catalogue for 1845-46 states: "During the past winter, a medical and scientific library association, connected with the institution, was formed. Students can have access to the library by complying with necessary regulations." LOGANSPORT. LADIES' SIGOURNEY LIBRARY. (1855.) 1100 vols. Founded in 1848, by ladies. Incorporated December 28, 1848. It is supported by the fees of members and the proceeds of entertainments. 48 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. The receipts during 1854 were $75, and expenditures, $63. The library is open two hours on Saturday. During 1854, over 1000 volumes were lent to 65 persons. Any lady may become a member by paying one dollar annually in advance, and shall thereupon be eligible to any office in, and entitled to a vote at any election of, the Library; and gentlemen may become honorary members on payment of one dollar annually in advance; but honorary members are expressly excluded from the right of voting or holding office, unless that the directors may, in their discretion, appoint a gentleman librarian. All persons under the age of sixteen years, may have the benefit of honorary members, on payment of one dollar annually in advance. The Society owns the building that contains the library. A catalogue of 8 pp. 8vo. was printed in 1851, at a cost of $16. MADISON. MADISON LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 2495 vols. First meeting December 5, 1853. Incorporated January 7, 1854. The system of annual membership being regarded as too precarious and uncertain, none are admitted as members except subscribers to the stock of the Association. The property of each member is thus protected, and the control of the Association is placed in the hands of those who are permanently interested in its success. Ample provision is made to accommodate all who desire to become members, the directors being prohibited from requiring a larger payment than three dollars per annum on the stock. By this plan, a pledge is obtained of means for the gradual increase of the library, each share of stock being thirty dollars. Those who cannot conveniently become members are not restricted from the use of the library, but the directors are required to mnake provision, upon equitable terms, for annual and semi-annual subscribers. Thus all are accommodated, though nothing is left to the vote or control of persons who are connected with the Association merely by subscriptions for a short period. For the purpose of securing funds sufficient to place the library at once on a respectable footing, the directors made special efforts to obtain life-members, and to induce a number of others to pay up their shares INDIANA. 49 of stock in full without availing themselves of the constitutional privilege as to annual instalments. This appeal was liberally responded to, and thus the Board were enabled to commence the delivery of books on the 30th of July, 1854, with about 1500 volumes, of which 275 were received from the Ladies' Library of this city, under an arrangement by which the members of that association became entitled to the more valuable privileges of our own. It has been the aim, from the first, to allow no part of the stock payments to be invested in anything else than books. In this they have been entirely successful, so that if the Association were to be dissolved to-day, every member would receive in books even more than the amount of his payments on stock. This has been effected by avoiding all useless expenditures, and particularly by an arrangement which secures the constant and regular services of a librarian without expense to the Association. The number of volumes issued to readers since the commencement, seventeen months, is 7113. The average annual number of volumes lent is 5022. The library-room is in complete order, handsomely though not expensively furnished, and is a pleasant place of resort for the members and readers, as well as for strangers visiting the city. In one respect no library offers better facilities. The librarian is in attendance every day except Sunday, from an early hour in the morning until a late hour at night. Persons who have been connected with institutions which allowed the opportunity for exchanging books only once a week or once a month, will know how to value the advantages afforded by this arrangement. A catalogue, 108 pages 8vo. was printed in 1856. " Persons desiring to become members, sign the Constitution and subscribe for one share of stock,-thirty dollars. On this stock an annual payment is required, not exceeding $3. An annual contribution is also required of $1. "Under this plan they are immediately entitled to the privileges of membership; at the end of ten years they receive a stock certificate, and thenceforth pay only one dollar a year. "Another plan.-At the time of subscribing, or within thirty days thereafter, pay for the share of stock in full, —thirty dollars. Thenceforth no payment can be required except the annual contribution of one dollar. 4 50 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. "By this plan, a subscriber not only enjoys all the privileges of membership, but is authorized to give to another person-a lady —the use of the library for five years. "The number of members under this plan, in May, 1855, was forty. " The payment of fifty dollars at one time secures one share of stock, entire exemption from the annual contribution, entitles the payer to lifemembership, and authorizes him to confer upon another person-a lady — the use of the library for life. "The number of life-members in May, 1855, was six. " Shares of stock, when fully paid for, may be transferred, as in other companies. "A comparison.- In most of the associations organized under the system of annual membership, the cost is $3 per year, the expense being, for twenty years, $60; and the member at the expiration of that period having no interest in the property. "In the Madison Library Association, the cost for the same time would be as follows: One share of stock,. $30 00 Annual contributions,.20 00 $50 00 Being $10 less than under the other system, and giving to the member a share in the property of the Association."-First Report. NOTRE DAMIE DU LAC. ST. MARY'S LIBRARY. (1857.) 2500 vols. The University of Notre Dame du Lac, established in 1842, possesses a library with the above name. It is kept in a fine room, 21 feet by 14, in the College, and is open daily from 1 to 5 o'clock, for the use of the professors, students, and neighbors. About 1000 books are lent out annually. About half the books are scientific and historical, and in English; the remainder are principally philosophical and theological, in Latin and French. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, about $300. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, about 160. INDIANA. 51 SO0UTH HIANOVER. HANOVER COLLEGE. (1857.) 3000 vols. This College was founded as an academy, in 1827, by the Rev. John Finley Crowe, D.D. The cabinet contains several thousand specimens in mineralogy and geology. Students pay $1 50 per annum for the use of the College library. It is open every Saturday for two hours. 2124 volumes are in English, 105 French, 1 German, 25 Latin, 15 Greek, 42 Oriental. About 25 periodicals are taken. There are two societies connected with the College, the UNION LITERARY, founded in 1830, and the PHILALETHEAN, founded in 1840, whose libraries contain about 1500 volumes each. There is also a SOCIETY OF RELIGIOUS INQUIRY, which has begun to collect a library, maps, &c., and which, in connection with another association formed for the purpose, sustains a valuable reading-room. PHILALETHEAN SOCIETY, HANOVER COLLEGE. (1857.) 1265 vols. Receipts during 1856, $100. Expended for books, $100. During 1856, 1566 volumes were lent to 75 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1850. Much interest is felt in the library by the members of the Society, 200 books having been presented in two months. During the last five years $300 have been expended for books. The books are well arranged, and all numbered, with the section and shelf where they are to be found. VINCENNES. CATHOLIC DIOCESAN LIBRARY. (1857.) 14,000 vols. This library was first organized by the Rt. Rev. S. G. Brute, in 1835, and considerably enlarged by his successor, the Rt. Rev. C. G. De la Hailandidre, in the year 1839. The intention of the founders was to establish it for the particular use of the Ecclesiastical Seminary and Catholic clergy of Indiana, though all persons who so desire have-access to it. 52 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Since 1851, and previous even to that time, owing to financial difficulties, nothing has been spent towards increasing the number of books. There is a special building adapted to the use of the library, where students may come and read, but no books are allowed to be taken home, experience having taught that it occasions considerable losses. Theological works, embracing rare works on this subject, in all languages, both ancient and modern, form the larger number of the volumes of this library. It contains, however, a fine collection of classical and scientific works. It possesses two well-preserved manuscripts of the thirteenth century, and a number of the earliest among printed books. PUBLIC LIBRARY. (1850.) 1700 vols. The Vincennes Library was established July 20, 1806. It is kept in a room 15 feet square, in the City Hall. The first catalogue was printed in 1813; the next, and last, in 1838, of 17 pages 8vo. The library, is opened once a week for three hours. Any individual may have the use of the books by paying $2 annually. IOWA. BURLINGTON. IOWA HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. (1857.) 600 vols. Founded in 1843, by David Rorer, A. D. Green, Greenleaf Neally, and Dr. Hoit. The library and cabinet were destroyed by fire in 1853. It then had 800 books, 5000 pamphlets, 100 maps, 200 manuscripts, a splendid collection of the fossils and other specimens, illustrative of the geology of the State, a fine herbarium of its indigenous plants, and many other specimens illustrative of its natural history. Also about 400 Indian relics, among them the trappings of Black Hawk. His bones are now in the possession of the Society, with the exception of the skull, which was destroyed at the fire. Files of the territorial papers shared the common fate. IOWA. 53 For a time the Society was almost broken up, but it has been gradually regaining strength, and is now in a flourishing condition. About 200 volumes are added yearly, but nothing expended for books. The receipts during 1854 were $250. DAVENPORT. IOWA COLLEGE. (1857.) 1800 vols. The College building is 49 by 80 feet, three stories high, besides a basement, and commands a magnificent view of the cities of Davenport and Rock Island, and a very large extent of prairie. The cost of the edifice was $20,000. The College grounds embrace about eight acres. The institution is under the management of the New School Presbyterian and Congregational denominations. The first college class was formed in 1850. YOUNG IMEN'S LITERARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1200 vols. Date of organization, 22d of October, 1853. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $1000. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 400. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 500. DES MOINES. CENTRAL COLLEGE OF IOWA. Organized May, 1855. Chartered November, 1855. College edifice commenced May, 1856. STATE LIBRARY OF IOWA. (1850.) 1600 vols. Founded in 1839. The yearly additions have been very small, derived from an exchange of law books and public documents between the States, and donations by Congress. The library-room is in the capitol, and measures 42 feet by 21, and 14 feet high. A catalogue was printed in 1839, and another in 1845, containing 18 pages 8vo. The library is open every day, during the sessions of the Legislature and the 51 NPUBLIC LIBRARIES. Supreme Court, from 9 o'clock A.M. to 9 P.M.; at other times, it is open on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons. State officers, members of the legislature, and members of the Supreme Court bar, are entitled to the use of the books. IOWA CITY. HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF IOWA. "' The Legislature of this State, at its last session, in the true spirit of enlightened legislation, granted the Society an annual appropriation of $250, to aid in collecting works and documents, and spreading information relative to the history and progress of Iowa. This fund, though small, places the Society on a firm basis, and will insure the commencement of the collection of a Library of Western History of which we may all feel proud. " Our State is in its infancy, but no State has the prospect of a brighter or more glorious future. Let us commence now to collect and preserve whatever may tend to elucidate its history and progress. Indeed, what is not soon secured will, in a few years, be beyond our reach. The past is rapidly receding, which admonishes us to begin at once, if we would preserve a faithful record of passing events, and keep alive the memory of the meritorious llen who have contributed, or may hereafter contribute to mould the rising destinies of Iowa." — Ciculctr, March, 1857. MOUNT PLEASANT. IOWA WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY. This institution was originally chartered by the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, by the name of "Mount Pleasant Collegiate Institute." In 1849, it was tendered, with a beautiful plot of twenty acres of ground, and a two-story brick building, 30 by 60 feet, by the Iowa Annual Conference of the M. E. Church. It was received and adopted, in 1850, as their "Conference University," and for its support and maintenance as such, they pledged their "perpetual patronage." The Legislature of the State at its last session amended its charter, in accordance with a petition of the Annual Conference, changing its name from'" Mount Pleasant Collegiate Institute," to " Iowa Wrcsleyan University," KENTUCKY. 55 and clearly defining its corporate powers as a University. Under this charter, it is expected that a Medical Department will be organized during the present summer, and be open for the reception of medical students, with an able Faculty, by the approach of the coming winter. The other departments of the University will be organized as soon as they may be required by the wants of the community. The College buildings are situated on a beautiful plot of ground, containing twenty acres. They consist of one two-story brick building, 30 by 60 feet, and the main College edifice, 100 feet long, 55 wide, and three stories high above the basement. This building is said to be one of the most commodious, beautiful, and substantial College edifices in the Western States. PELLA. CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF IOWA. (1857.) 300 vols. Organized June 1, 1857. WEST POINT. DES MOINES COLLEGE. (1857.) 450 vols. Founded in 1850. The library contains a few rare and valuable books. 64 volumes are added annually. The "UNION LITERARY SOCIETY" has made a beginning towards a library. KENTUCKY. AUGUSTA. AUGUSTA COLLEGE. (1855.) 3000 vols. Established in 1822, and was the first college of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the world. —Harafler's Gazetteer. 56 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. BARDSTOWN. ST. JOSEPH'S COLLEGE. (1857.) 5000 vols. Founded by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Flaget. The College library was commenced in 1824, when the College was incorporated by the Legislature of Kentucky. Before August, 1848, the library contained about 6000 volumes. At that time, the Board of Trustees divided the library between this and several other institutions which they directed, leaving to St. Joseph's College about 500 volumes of theological, historical, and literary works, with a set of Congressional documents. The principal reliance for the increase of the collection is upon donations. The library occupies a room, 24 feet by 15, and 13 feet high, in the College building. The books are arranged according to subjects, each subject having one or more panels. There is no printed catalogue. The library is opened every day twice, to allow the professors opportunity for consultation, three-quarters of an hour in the morning, and one hour in the afternoon. Books are freely lent to persons connected with the College, and, by permission of the superintendent, to others residing in the immediate vicinity. During 1854, $800 were expended for books, and $150 for periodicals. During 1856, $350 were spent for books, and $80 for periodicals. Of the volumes in the library, 2500 are in English, 1040 French, 60 German, 25 Spanish, 100 other modern languages, 1005 Latin, 200 Greek, 7 Hebrew. DANVILLE. CENTRE COLLEGE. (1857.) 2000 vols. Centre College was chartered by the Legislature of Kentucky, in 1819. Jeremiah Chamberlain, D.D., the first president, went into office in 1823. In 1824, the Board of Trustees, according to an arrangement with the Presbyterian Synod of Kentucky, procured an Act of the Legislature modifying its charter, so as to secure to the Synod, on its payment of $20,000 to the funds of the institution, the right of appointing the Board of Trustees. This condition having, in 1830, been completely fulfilled on the part of the Synod, all the members of the Board have, since that period, been appointed by the Synod, as their terms of office KENTUCKY. 57 have from time to time expired. One-third of the Board are appointed each year. Dr. Chamberlain resigned his office in 1826, and the Rev. Gideon Blackburn, D.D., succeeded him in 1827; the office having, in the meantime, been temporarily filled by the Rev. David C. Proctor. On the resignation of Dr. Blackburn, in 1830, John C. Young, D.D., present president, was elected. The number of students varied, in the earlier period of the existence of the institution, from 50 to 110, and a very large proportion of those in attendance were pursuing only a partial and irregular course. In 1830, the number of students had been reduced to 33, of all classes, including those in the Grammar School, which is under the direction of the Faculty. Since that period, the number has been, with slight temporary variations, steadily but slowly increasing, until it has ranged, during the last few years, from 180 to 220. The number of those pursuing a full course has increased in a much greater ratio. The graduating classes, formerly very small, have been steadily enlarging. The graduates of the first twelve years amounted to 55. This number is now increased to 478. Upwards of 1700 have been connected with the institution, nearly all of whom have received all their higher education from its instructions. The Faculty, students, and public, have the use of the library. The students pay $2 annually. It is open two hours once a week. During 1854, 6000 volumes were lent to 800 persons. 4800 volumes are in English, 25 French, 150 Latin, 15 Greek, 6 Hebrew. During the last five years, about $400 were expended for books. There are three literary societies connected with the College. They occupy halls, large, commodious, and fitted up with taste and elegance. The societies hold public exercises on the 22d of February, and on the Tuesday preceding commencement, each year. Each of them possesses a well-selected library of about 1700 volumes. The College library contains about 2000 volumes, among which are a number of rare and valuable works. tFRANKFORT. STATE LIBRARY. (1856.) 10,000 vols. Founded in 1834. The library consists almost exclusively of law books. There are about 400 volumes of miscellaneous works. In 1840, 58 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. the legislature appropriated $3000 for law books for the courts and the legislature. The library is kept in a room, 50 feet by 20, in the State House. A catalogue was published in January, 1856. The library is open daily during the sessions of the courts and legislature. Officers of the State government, members of the legislature, and lawyers attending the courts in Frankfort, are allowed the use of the books. The books are not lent out to others. During the last five years $2500 were expended for books. The annual cost of supporting the library is $1500. GEORGETOWf N. GEORGETOWN COLLEGE. (1855.) 6000 vols. The library was founded in 1837, and contains many costly works in philology and theology, but chiefly scientific and historical books, a few manuscript journals of early settlers of Kentucky, and many maps and charts. It has also 64 medals and 676 coins, comprising those of Burmah, Siam, iindostan, the East India Company, South America, Dutch East Indies, &c. The average annual increase is about 500 volumes. The library is in a room of the main building of the College, 45 feet by 32, with lofty ceiling. The coins, medals, pictures, &c., are kept in a room devoted to the purpose, on the same floor as the library. The books are arranged on the shelves, according to subjects, under twenty divisions. A catalogue raisonne' has been printed, containing 76 pages, 12mo. The library is open twice a week, half an hour each time. All persons connected with the College are allowed the use of the books; under-graduates are taxed $1 each per annum for the privilege. By permission of the president, books may be taken out by citizens. The philosophical and chemical apparatus is of the first quality. The cabinet of minerals, fossils, and shells, embraces over six thousand specimens, besides charts, maps, &o. The museum contains over seven hundred articles of different countries, many of them Oriental. GLASGOW. URANIA COLLEGE. This educational institution was chartered under the name of Urania KENTUCKY. 59 College. At first a certain part of the forfeitures and fines of the County was set apart to its use, a good building erected, and two or three lots of ground appropriated to it. The fines have been withdrawn, but the institution still has about $1700 in money, just enough to keep up repairs. It has a collection of public documents, comprising the Acts of Congress and State papers as far back as 1774; also a small library of nmiscellaneous works, but no extensive apparatus. A board of seven trustees supervise the affairs of the establishment, and attend to its financial interests. Number of pupils, session 1855-6, I01. LEXINGTON. LEXINGTON LIBRARY. (1857.) 11,000 vols. Shareholders pay $2 per annum. Receipts during 1856, 8373. Expended for books, $162. Binding, $35.. Periodicals, $20. Salaries, 8259. Incidentals, $50. About 400 volumes are added every year. During the last five years $1280 were expended for books. The books are arranged according to their size. The library is open on Wednesday and Saturday, from 10 A.M. to 1 P.M. During 1856, 3000 volumes were lent to 175 persons; the books principally read were novels, biographies, and travels. A catalogue was printed in 1852; 200 copies cost $100. The library building was destroyed by fire in 1854, and a number of books lost. The American editions of the English Reviews are taken, but no other periodicals. TRANSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 12,000 vols. The College library, founded in 1798, is kept in three library-rooms in the three departments of the University, under the control of the Faculties of arts, law, and medicine. Several catalogues have been published, but none of recent date. The students' libraries contain 2000 volumes. In September, 1857, it is stated that "the libraries, having been mainly burnt when the old College edifice was consumed many years ago, are not extensive." 60 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, TRANSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 8000 vols. Founded in 1819. The books are principally medical and scientific: they are arranged by subjects. More than half are in English; about 2000 in French. LOUISVILLE. LAW LIBRARY. (1852.) 1350 vols. This library is only for reference. Terms, $5 per annum, to law students. Open from 9 to 12 A.M., and 2 to 5 P.M. A catalogue was printed in 1852, and 145 volumes added during the same year. MECHANICS' INSTITUTION. (1857.) 7000 vols. Organized March 25th, 1853. Incorporated July 18th, 1854. From the 1st May, to the end of the year 1856, 1065 persons drew books; of this number, 523 werd members, 807 ladies, and 235 minors. In the same time, 10,523 volumes were circulated, averaging 1403 per month; an increase of nearly 300 volumes per month over the previous year. The annual exhibitions are very successful. The receipts for 1856 were $7309 42; and expenditures, $5706 92, leaving a balance of $1602 50 in the treasury. Average annual amount expended for books, about $315, since 1854 (including 1854). Average annual number of volumes added to the library, about 313, since 1854 (including 1854). Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, about 13,500. PRINCETON. CUMBERLAND COLLEGE. Established in 1826. It was first organized as a manual-labor school. " This was an experiment, and proved a failure. In the course of the experiment, however, many valuable young men were educated here. LOUISIANA. 61 Some of them occupy high positions in society." About the year 1841, the system was changed for the ordinary literary course. Cumberland College is the oldest institution of learning in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. RUSSELLVILLE. BETHEL COLLEGE. (1857.) 3000 vols. This institution was formerly known as the Bethel High School. An act of incorporation was granted to it in March, 1856, with the above title. It is under the direction of members of the Baptist denomination, and particularly the "Green River Baptist Education Society." SHELBYVILLE. SHELBY COLLEGE. (1855.) 2427 vols. Founded in 1841. The library is open to the free use of students and professors. The books are classified by subjects. There are 1922 in English, 50 French, 12 German, 1 Polish, 240 Latin, 123 Greek, 60 Hebrew, 15 Oriental. Silliman's Journal is the only periodical taken. LOUISIANA. BATON ROUGE. STATE LIBRARY. (1855.) 14,020 vols. Founded by Act of the Legislature, March 12, 1838. The receipts during 1854 were $1000, which were expended for books. The librarian's salary is $1200. The public have free access to the library, but members of the legislature exclusively have the right to take out books. It is open daily from 10 A.M. to 3 P.M. The books are arranged by subjects. 10,400 are in English, 3100 in French, 80 in Spanish, 410 in Latin, and 20 in other languages. The following is the number in each department. 62 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. IN ENGLISH. Belles-Lettres, Arts, Sciences,.. 3200 vols. Maps and Atlases,. 30 Engravings,.200" Law books,.2930" Congressional and State documents,..4050 IN FRENCH. Belles-Lettres, Arts, Sciences,. 2637 " Law,.... 463 There are 2000 copies of miscellaneous pamphlets, and a very valuable collection of historical documents relative to the colony of Louisiana, in French and Spanish. About 1400 volumes are added annually. The success of the library is mainly due to the exertions of Hon. C. Gayarre, and Hon. And. S. Herron. It now possesses all the elements of prosperity. The librarian has 40,000 volumes of law books and documents to exchange for other works. The annual reports of the librarian give a list of all books procured by purchase and exchange, with the cost price affixed to each. The following is a general statement of the affairs of the library for 1854: RECEIVED. Literary works purchased,..224 Books acquired per exchanges,... 691 Books received from other governments,.... 469 Books received from State printers and publishers,.. 14,955:_____ 16,339 vols. Pamphlet reports and documents, received from the State printer,.10,900 pamphlets. DELIVERED. Law books and documents delivered to State officers, 3018 Law books and documents forwarded to other States and governments, * 686 Law books given in exchange,... 603 -- - 4891 vols. Law books sold,... 103 Books not returned by members of the legislature, 481 JACKSON. CENTENARY COLLEGE OF LOUISIANA. (1855.) 3000 vols. Founded in 1845. Under the charge of the Methodist Episcopal LOUISIANA. 63 Church, South. The College library contains 3000 well-selected volumes. $200 are annually expended for books, and 100 volumes added. About 200 volumes are taken out in a year. There are two literary societies, having libraries of 1600 volumes each. MIOUNT LEBANON. MOUNT LEBANON UNIVERSITY. The library is small, but- is continually receiving valuable accessions. An appropriation of $500 was made by the last Baptist State Convention, for the purchase of books. NEW ORLEANS. LYCEUM AND LIBRARY SOCIETY. (1857.) 10,000 vols. "The Public School Library and Lyceum Society of Municipality No. 2," was founded December 3, 1844. It is supported by subscriptions, donations, and voluntary contributions of the pupils of the public schools, and is fast increasing. An elegant room, 75 feet by 35, and 20 feet high, has been provided for the permanent accommodation of the library, in the new Second Municipal Hall. The exact cost of this room is not perhaps known; the cost of the entire building is estimated at $300,000. There have been two printed catalogues: the first, numbering 29 pages, was published in 1846; the second, 155 pages, in 1848. The library is open daily (Sundays excepted) from 2 to 8 o'clock P.M. Subscribers pay $5 per annum. Pupils of the public schools may become life-members by paying $9. The teachers of the public schools are entitled to the privileges of the library without charge. MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Incorporated 14th August, 1857. Any person elected by the Board of Directors, over 16 years of age, can become a member by paying $5, and $5 thereafter annually. The library is open from 9 A.M. to 2 P.M., and from 4 to 10 P.m. 64 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1856.) 360 vols. Organized November, 1852. This Association was among the first formed in this country of the same character, and it has continued to maintain a high position for activity and usefulness. Its members exerted themselves nobly when the yellow fever raged in the city, and they have always devoted themselves to the good of the community. It was here that the first periodical, "The Companion," devoted to the interests of the Young Men's Christian Associations, was established, by L. A. Duncan, Esq. 1[MAIN E. AUGUSTA. STATE LIBRARY. (1857.) 7600 vols. Founded in 1836. During the sessions of the legislature, the library is open from 8 A.M. to 6 P.M. Books may be taken from the library by the Governor, members of the Council, Senate, House of Representatives, Heads of Departments, Judges of the Courts, Secretary and Members of the Board of Education, and the Superintendent of the Insane Hospital. The privilege to the members of the legislature and Board of Education is limited to the time they may be in session. No law-books (excepting those of the State of Maine), nor books presented by the United States, or any other State, or received through exchange, can be taken from the library, except for the use of the two Houses, and the committees, at the committee-rooms, during their session. Four catalogues have been printed; the first (60 pages 8vo.) in 1839; the second (105 pages 8vo.) in 1843; the third (120 pages 8vo.) in 1846; and the fourth (248 pages 8vo.) in 1850. An appendix of 48 pages 8vo. was published in 1854. The last catalogue was "arranged and prepared by Abner Oakes, Assistant Librarian, under the direction of Ezra B. French, Secretary of State." In addition to the books, there are pamphlets, 272; MSS. 4; maps, 80; engravings, 145; coins, &c., 43. MAINE. 65 The receipts from all sources for 1854, were $1153 26; for 1856, $1171. Expenditures during 1854, for books, $300; 1856, $250. Binding, $53 26; 1856, $65. Periodicals, 1856, $50. Salary of assistant librarian, $800. The books are arranged on the shelves by subjects, and the catalogue is constructed in the same manner. The following classification is adopted: Part I. Miscellaneous Books: Encyclopamdias and general knowledge; arts and sciences; historical works; literature, political and religious. Part II. Law-books: Elementary and miscellaneous law; judicial reports; statute law. Part III. State Papers: American State papers; census documents; Congress documents; Maine State documents; Northeastern boundary documents; State legislative documents. Part IV. French exchanges. Part V. Maps, charts, and plans. 1000 volumes were lent, during 1854, to 286 persons. 1100, in 1856, to 225 persons. 7300 volumes are in English, 730 in French, 4 in Spanish, and 2 in Latin. Eight periodicals are taken. VAUGHAN AND McLELLAN LIBRARIES (of the M2faine Insane Hospital). (1855.) 1100 vols. The Vaughan Library was founded in 1847, by the heirs of Benjamin Vaughan, LL.D., of Hallowell, Maine, and is chiefly medical in its character. The McLellan was founded in 1842, by a legacy from Hon. Brice McLellan, of Bloomfield, Maine, and is supported by an annuity from that fund. The receipts during 1854 were $30; and expenditures during the same time, $33. The library is open to all the inmates of the Hospital for the Insane who can use the books properly. 960 works are in the English language, 100 French, 25 Latin, and 12 Greek. There is no printed catalogue. About 22 periodicals are taken. BANGOR. BANGOR MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 4500 vols. Founded in 1843. Receipts during 1854, $1534 72. Expenditures 5 66 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. for books, binding, and periodicals, $464 73. For salary of librarian, $400. Incidentals, $932 63. Receipts during 1856, $1300. Expenditures for books, $400; binding, $20; periodicals, $40; salaries, $400; incidentals, $440. Terms of membership, $5 per annum. The books are arranged in numerical order. About 12,000 volumes were lent during the year 1854, to 300 persons, and 12,000, in 1856, to 275 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1855, 55 pages 8vo.; 800 copies issued, cost $65. By the act of incorporation, the Association may purchase and holdreal and personal estate, the annual income of which shall not exceed $1500. 300 volumes are added yearly. The annual cost of supporting the library is $425. During the last five years $1200 were expended for books. 51 periodicals are taken. The salary of the librarian is $400. BANGOR MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 2000 vols. Incorporated February 28th, 1828. Receipts in 1854, $51. Expenditures for binding, $21. Periodicals, $5. Salaries, $25. Receipts in 1856, $250. Expenditures for books, $32 97. Binding, $18 50. Periodicals, $7. Salaries, $25. Incidentals, $26 57. Members of the Association, their families, and apprentices, are entitled to use the library, which is open every Friday evening. The books are arranged according to date of reception. 2500 volumes were lent, during 1854, to 150 persons. 1229 volumes were lent, in 1856, to 50 persons. The last printed catalogue was issued in January, 1853, and a supplement in January, 1856. 400 copies were printed, at a cost of $37. The books most called for during the year, were the Journal of the Franklin Institute, Kansas and Nebraska, Grinnell Expedition to the Arctic Regions, Uncle Tom's Cabin, and Abbott's Series. On the 1st January, 1855, there were 1727 books, 16 portfolios of maps, 2 pieces of music, 93 engravings, 300 other articles. Only 800 volumes were purchased. About 100 volumes are added yearly. The annual cost of supporting the library is $50. During the last five years $400 have been paid for books. There is a collection of about 1500 specimens of minerals, about 1000 of natural history, and several hundred curiosities; among them is a printing-press, used in the time of Franklin, by Benjamin Edese. The Journal of the Franklin Institute is the only periodical taken. MAINE. 67 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1857.) 10,200 vols. The Theological Seminary received its charter from the Legislature of Massachusetts, in 1814. It went into operation at Hampden, in 1816, and in 1819 was removed to Bangor, where it is now permanently established, and is under the direction of the Congregationalists. The library was commenced in 1820. The existing Professorships are fully endowed; the buildings are in a.good condition, and the number of students has been very uniform, rarely rising above fifty, or falling below forty. No student is charged for instruction, room-rent, or use of library. The receipts for the library during 1854, were $300. Expenditures for books, $200; binding, $20; periodicals, $25; salaries, $60. The receipts during 1856 were $200. Expenditures for books, $150; binding, $20; periodicals, $30; salaries, $40; incidentals, $10. The yearly increase of volumes is about 150. The cases are lettered, and the shelves numbered; the letter and number are inserted in every book, also on the alphabetical catalogue. The library is open twice a week for exchange of books, and every afternoon for consultation. It is estimated that 4000 volumes were lent, during the year 1854, to 55 persons. During the last five years $750 have been expended for books. 8000 volumes are in the English language, 500 German, 300 Latin, 150 G0reek, 50 Hebrew, and a few in other languages. There is no printed catalogue. 25 quarterlies and 50 newspapers are received in the reading-room. The salary of the librarian is $40. The SOCIETY OF INQUIRY ON MISSIONS, connected with the Seminary, is in possession of a valuable cabinet and library. BRUNSWICK. BOWDOIN COLLEGE. (1857.) 14,300 vols. The College was incorporated in 1794, and the first class graduated in 1806. The library was opened in 1802. The average annual increase for ten years ending 1849, was about 130 volumes; for the last five 68 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. years, 450. The receipts for 1854, for the purchase of books, were $412. Expenditures for books, $401; binding, $11. The incidental expenses, including salaries, &c., are paid by special appropriations. About $450 are annually expended for books and binding. The last printed catalogue was published in 1819, containing 120 pages 8vo., and has long since been out of print. The library is open three times a week, one hour each time, and the trustees, overseers, officers, and students of the College, neighboring clergymen, and resident graduates are entitled to use it. Resident graduates pay 50 cents' each term, all others without charge. The books are arranged by subjects. About 13 periodicals are received. The library room, Banister Hall, is 70 feet in length, 30 feet in breadth, and 17 in height. The ceiling is divided into compartments, and painted in encaustic. The books are arranged on the sides of the room, and extend from the floor to the ceiling. Light galleries afford access to the higher shelves. ATHENIAN SOCIETY (BOWDOIN COLLEGE). (1857.) 5500 vols. This Society was organized in June, 1808. To increase its membership, it provided for the admission of freshmen, and succeeded in initiating all but one. The foundation for a library was then laid, and great exertions made to excel the PEUCINIAN, a rival society. After having considerable success, the interest in it languished, and the Society was discontinued in 1811. It was revived, however, in 1813, to be disbanded in 1816; and the library, amounting to 200 volumes, distributed. It was again reorganized in 1817, with success. On the 29th of August, 1818, it was voted "that a general meeting of the Society, honorary and acting members, be held on the day previous to commencement, for the purpose of adopting measures relative to the property of the Society." It was then determined that the library should not be distributed, in any case, without the consent of three-fourths of the honorary members. On the 4th of March, 1822, Maine Hall was destroyed by fire, and the library sustained considerable injury. At the annual meeting in 1825, it was decided to give the library, in trust, to the officers of Bowdoin College, for the use of the Society, but an act of incorporation having been obtained in 1828, this trust was withdrawn. IMAINE. 69 In 1830, a catalogue of the library was published. The number of volumes at that time was 2238. On the 17th February, 1836, the Athenian had its library again almost totally destroyed by fire. This third collection "had been obtained," in the language of the records, " amidst opposition and discouragement, by the indefatigable efforts, perseverance, and liberality of friends, till it had become, for miscellaneous reading, one of the best libraries of the size to be found in the country." The number of volumes at the time of the fire was 3321, of which only 220 were saved. In August, 1838, another catalogue was printed, of 2050 volumes. In March, 1841, a reading-room was established, but discontinued a year afterwards. In 11850, the CALUVIAN SOCIETY presented the Athenian with its cabinet and other property. In July, 1852, a modified constitution was adopted. Each class subscribes once during their course for books, to be presented in their names. This subscription usually amounts to $200. Members of the Society and other persons, at the librarian's discretion, are entitled to use the library. It is open on Tuesdays and Saturdays from 11 to 12~ o'clock. About 2200 volumes were lent during 1854 to about 200 persons. Novels and poems are most in demand. The books are arranged by subjects. About 75 volumes are added yearly. Three librarians are employed, one from each class. There..is a small collection of minerals belonging to the Society. About 6 periodicals are taken. The expenditures for binding and periodicals during 1854, was $55. PEUCINIAN SOCIETY (BOWDOIN COLLEGE). (1857.) 6720 vols. Founded in 1805. Receipts during 1854, $400. Expenditures for books, $325. Binding, $25. Periodicals, $35. Incidentals, $15. During 1856, $225 were expended for books, $5 for binding, $25 for periodicals, and $5 for incidentals. The books are arranged in accordance with convenience, size, color, &c. The right to borrow books belongs to the executive government, trustees and overseers, resident graduates, medical students graduated at this College, and all under-graduates. Any medical student may secure the right of borrowing books by paying 50 cents per term in advance, and any citizen of Brunswick or Topsham, by paying $1 per term in advance. 70 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. The library is open twice a week, one hour each time. About 5000 volumes were lent during 1854, to about 300 persons. 3000 in 1856, to 192 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1855, 66 pages, 600 copies issued. 5293 volumes are in English, 150 French, 10 German, 200 Latin, 14 Greek, 3 Hebrew, 5 Oriental. About 130 volumes are added yearly. The Society has a very good and quite extensive collection of minerals, coins, shells, &c. About 10 periodicals are taken. HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MAINE. (1857.) 500 vols. Incorporated February 5, 1829. By a grant of the legislature, made in 1849, the Society received a half township of land, which has 8ince been sold for $6000. The library is annually increasing. The collection of manuscripts and pamphlets is a considerable and valuable one. Two volumes of historical collections have been published, the first in 1831, and the second in 1847. The Society has rooms in King Chapel, Bowdoin College. MEDICAL SCHOOL OF MAINE. (1855.) 3400 vols. By an Act of the Legislature, this School is placed under the superintendence and direction of the Boards of Trustees and Overseers of Bowdoin College. The library embraces an extensive and valuable collection of plates, among which are the works of Albinus, Baillie, Bateman, the Bells, Bresehet, Bright, Carswell, Cloquet, Cooper, Cruveilhier, Home, Hooper, Lizars, Maygrier, Scarpa, Seerig, Swan, Tiedemann, Vicq d'Azyr, Weber, &c. &c. All the members of the medical class are entitled to borrow two volumes a week from the library. Those who are candidates for examination for the degree of M.D. during the year, are permitted to exchange their books twice a week, thus giving them the privilege of consulting four volumes each week. BUCKSPORT. EAST MAINE CONFERENCE SEMINARY. The Seminary has a library, cabinet, and apparatus, and a literary society has established a good reading-room. MAINE. 71 SOCIAL LIBRARY. (1857.) 1350 vols. Founded in 1806. An annual assessment of $1 is made on each share. During 1856, $59 were received, $49 expended for books, and $20 for salaries. During the same'year, 1300 volumes were lent to 60 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1847. About 40 volumes are added yearly. Cost of support, $20. During the last five years, $200 have been expended for books. CASTINE. CASTINE PUBLIC LIBRARY. (1857.) 572 vols. Founded in 1855. In 1854, a law was passed, authorizing towns to establish public libraries. This law originated with a citizen of this town. Under it $274 were voted for a library, in 1855, $68 in 1856, and $68 in 1857. The " Social Library" was presented to the town, consisting of 260 volumes.' In 1855, 225 volumes were added, and in 1856, 87. During 1856, 2600 volumes were taken out by 188 persons. Open Saturday afternoon and evening. Librarian's salary $52. GARDINER. MECHANICS' ASSbCIATION. (1857.) 2250 vols. Organized April, 1841. A catalogue of 20 pages, 12mo. was printed in 1847; another in 1856, 57 pages, at a cost of $42 for 300 copies. About 75 volumes are added yearly. The annual expenses are $120. During the last five years $350 have been expended for books. The initiation fee is $1, and annual payment $1. During 1856, 3500 volumes were lent to 400 persons. Works of fiction most called for, then history, biography, and travels. "Any female, of good moral character, residing in the city, and of the age of 18 years and upwards, may be allowed to take books from the library." HALLOWELL. HALLOWELL SOCIAL LIBRARY. (1857.) 1720 vols. Instituted in 1843, by forty-three stockholders, who paid $20. Stock 7-2 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. holders pay $1 per annum, and annual subscribers $2. Open Wednesdays and Saturdays, from 2 to 5 P.M. During 1856, 3976 volumes were lent to 100 families. From 80 to 100 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support, $50. During the last five years $464 70 have been expended for books. No works of a sectarian character are purchased. A catalogue was printed in 1843, 24 pages, 12mo., with a supplement of six pages in 1847. HOULTON. FOREST CLUB. (1857.) 500 vols. Established July, 1849. Receipts during 1856, $40. Expended for books, $35. Members pay $1 per annum. Open twice a week. 100 volumes were lent, during 1856, to 100 persons. About 20 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years $125 were expended for books. Waverley Novels and Irving's works are most read. KENT'S HILL. CALLIOPEAN SOCIETY OF THE MAINE WESLEYAN SEMINARY. (1857.) 1600 vols. Founded in 1835. Receipts during 1854, $20. Expenditures for books, $10; binding, $6; periodicals, $3; incidentals, $1. Members of the Society use the library, by paying 25 cents a term. The books are arranged by subjects. The library is open once a week. 200 volumes were lent, during 1854, to 100 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1840. On the 1st of January, 1855, there were 1500 books, 150 pamphlets, 30 manuscripts, 20 maps, and 4 engravings in the library; one-half of the books having been received by donation, the other half purchased. The average number of volumes added annually is 12; average expenditure for books, $20. Number of volumes lent, 200. A cabinet, containing several hundred specimens of birds, is in the Seminary. 14 newspapers are taken, and the Lady's Book and National Magazine. MAINE. 73 MACHIAS. MACttIAS SOCIAL LIBRARY. (1857.) 620 vols. Founded in 1820. Open Saturday afternoons. A catalogue was printed in 1841. About 20 volumes are added yearly. $100 expended for books, during the last five years. Annual cost of support, $30. There are about 500 pamphlets in the library. PORTLAND. MECHANICS' LIBRARY. (1857.) 2220 vols. Founded July, 1820, by the Maine Charitable Mechanic Association, the members of which, their families and apprentices, are entitled to use it. The widows of deceased members and their children are entitled to books also. It is a miscellaneous lending library, open every Saturday evening. About 200 volumes are lent per week. The books are arranged numerically as received. A catalogue was issued in December, 1855, 57 pages 16mo., the titles being printed numerically. The Maine Charitable Mechanic Association was incorporated June 14, 1815, it being provided, that " the annual income shall be employed for the purpose of relieving the distresses of unfortunate mechanics and their families, to promote inventions and improvements in the mechanic arts, by granting premiums for said inventions and improvements, and to assist young mechanics with loans of money." In 1827, these powers were extended to include the diffusion of useful knowledge and the support and enlargement of the Apprentices' Library in Portland. In 1834, the charter was extended for the period of 20 years, and power was granted to the Association to hold property to the amount of $20,000. The fee for membership is $5; annual dues $1. MERCANTILE LIBRARY. (1855.) 1550 vols. Founded October, 1851. Receipts during the year ending April 12, 1855, $2250. Expenditures for books and binding, $252. Periodicals, $336. Salary of librarian, $35; assistant librarian, $25. Incidentals, $1589. Total, 82177. 74 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. All members of the Association are entitled to use the library, the admission fee being $2, and annual dues $2. It is a miscellaneous lending library. Open every Saturday evening. The books are arranged numerically in the order received. 3971 volumes were lent during 1854. A catalogue (the titles classified by names of authors, alphabetically) was printed in January, 1854, 52 pages 8vo. 500 copies cost $65. The library has been formed, with few exceptions, by purchase from the balance of the receipts of the Association, after defraying other expenses. A course of public lectures is maintained every winter. About 50 newspapers are taken, also 11 periodicals. PORTLAND ATHENIEUM. (1857.) 8550 vols. Incorporated March 6, 1827. An alphabetical catalogue of 88 pages in 12mno. was printed in 1839. Another was printed December, 1849, 12mo. 150 pages. The books are arranged in 18 chapters. The library is open twice a week, 3~ hours each time. The following historical account of the Atheneum is by Mr. Willis, of Portland: "; This institution is the successor to the Library Society, which was established in 1765, by twenty-six gentlemen, who associated together for that purpose. Previous to that time, there was nothing in the form of a library existing in the town. The library opened in 1766 with 93 volumes, of which, 62 volumes were Ancient and Modern Universal History, Rapin's History of England, 7 volumes, Lardner's Writers of the New Testament, 3 volumes, London Magazine, 9 volumes, &c. Not much addition was made till after the Revolution, during which the small collection was scattered, and a number of the, books lost. In 1780 a new attempt was made to resuscitate it, and the fragments were reunited. But it was not till the peace of 1783 that any successful movement was made to give it vitality. In May, 1784, twenty-six new members were admitted, who were required to pay $2 each, in money or books. Others were subsequently admitted on the same conditions. On the 3d of April, 1786, the library was valued at ~25; the worth was diminished by the number of broken sets of works which it contained. In 1794, the books were again appraised, and valued at ~64 3s. 8d., and the price of admission was raised to 42s. The committee MAINE. 75 were this year instructed to purchase Sullivan's History of Maine, Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts, Belknap's Biography, Ramsay's American Revolution and Carolina, and the History of the County of Worcester. These are all American publications and on American subjects. In 1798 they procured an act of incorporation. The library went on slowly and gradually increasing until 1825, when its number of volumes was 1640, and its proprietors 82; and the whole annual expense $331. At this period the design was formed for enlarging the institution, and giving it a more elevated and diffusive character, better suited to the wants of the age and spirit of the times. The present Athenssum grew out of these suggestions. It was incorporated in 3March, 1827; purchased the property of the old library, and the former society was dissolved, most of the members becoming proprietors of the new institution. 133 persons became proprietors in the Athenseulm, at $100 a share, of which, $60 only were paid, the principal part of which was invested in bank stock, as a fund towards the support of the establishment. The books go into circulation to all the members who pay a tax of $5 a year, and to others who pay W10." PORTLAND SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. This Society was organized in 1843, with a respectable cabinet, which had been increased till it contained more than 600 mounted birds, 4000 different species of shells, and 10,000 or 12,000 specimens; more than 2000 varieties of minerals; a large number of rare fossils; several cases of reptiles, crustacea, skeletons, and preparations of animals; more than 100 species of fishes, &c. On the 8th of January, 1854, this whole cabinet, together with the Society's choice collection of books, was consumed by fire. As there was no insurance, the loss was at least $25,000. It is gratifying to learn, that through the liberality of the citizens of Portland, and other friends of science abroad, a new cabinet has been formed, valuable in itself, and a nucleus around which, it is hoped, another will be gathered, still more valuable than that which was destroyed. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1856.) 442 vols. This Association was organized in November, 1853. The library was 76 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. opened January 15, 1855. The books are of a miscellaneous character, arranged according to size, and given out every Saturday evening, from 7 to 9 o'clock. 6 daily, 15 weekly papers, and 12 monthly and quarterly magazines are received. The number of members admitted during 1855, was 153; the whole number belonging to the Association, January, 1856, is about 450. The annual subscription is $1. The library has been but recently formed. It is, however, much used, and is rapidly increasing. Aside from the regular monthly and weekly exercises at the room, religious meetings and Sabbath-schools have been sustained in other places. ROCKLAND. ATHENzEUM. (1855.) 1600 vols. Established in 1850. The original stock of the Association was $1000, divided into 100 shares, at $10 each. Receipts during 1854, $175 65. Expenditures for books, $111 32. For librarian's salary, $50. Incidentals, $28 64. Shareholders and subscribers are entitled to use the library; the former by an annual payment of $2; the latter of $3. The books are arranged with reference lst, to subject; 2d, size; 3d, country. The library is open on Wednesdays and Saturdays, from 1 to 9 P.M. 3410 volumes were lent, during 1854, to 86 families. A catalogue was printed in 1850. Of the books read in 185-, there were 1476 works of fiction; history, 158; travels, 314; biography, 292; poetry, 70; religious and moral, 241; miscellaneous, 559. On the 1st of January, 1855, there were 1600 books, 100 pamphlets, 1 map, and 5 engravings, in the library. Only 50 books were received as donations. THOMASTON. LADIES' HOME LIBRARY (formerly Thomaston Female Library). (1857.) 625 vols. Founded April 3d, 1851, by an association of ladies. Receipts for 1851, $66 31. Expenditures for books, 8-10. Incidentals, $13 79. About 70 volumes are added annually. Members are constituted by MARYLAND. 77 paying $1 on joining, and 50 cents annually. 98 persons borrowed books during 1854. A catalogue was printed in 1853. WATERVILLE. WATERVILLE COLLEGE. (1855.) 10,500 vols. Incorporated in 1820. The College library contains 10,500 volumes. There are also valuable libraries connected with the Literary Societies. The EROSOPHIAN ADELPHI has 2500 volumes, and the LITERARY FRATERNITY 3000 volumes, making a total of 16,000 volumes. The number of specimens in the cabinet is about 2000. There are two other Societies, the ZETA PSI, and the DELTA KAPPA EPSILON, but they are not known to have libraries. A catalogue of the library was printed in 1845, containing 47 pages 8vo. The library is opened twice a week, and kept open half an hour each time. The trustees, faculty, and students, are entitled to the use of the books without charge; the students pay $1 a year for the privilege; other persons are allowed to consult the library, at the discretion of the librarian and library committee. $200 annually expended for books. 150 volumes are added. Receipts during 1854, $250. Expended for books, $200. Periodicals, $20. MARYLAND. ANNAPOLIS. STATE LIBRARY. (1857.) 20,000 vols. Founded in 1827. The yearly average number of volumes added to the library for the last six years, is 400. There has been an annual appropriation by the legislature of $500. There is also in operation a system of exchanges with other States. The library occupies a room in the State House. A catalogue (132 pages 8vo.) prepared by David Ridgely, then librarian, was published in December, 1837, at Annapolis. The titles are classified under 37 chapters. The arrangement 78 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. of the books upon the shelves corresponds with the divisions of the catalogue. The library is open daily (Sundays excepted) during the sessions of the legislature, from 9 o'clock A.M. to the time of the daily adjournment of both Houses, and from 5 to 9 P.Mi., except during night sessions, when it is kept open till the adjournment. The Governor, Chancellor, Judges, State officers, members and ex-members of the legislature, lawyers practising in the Court of Appeals, and officers of the Army and Navy, stationed at Annapolis, can take out books. Any person may consult the library in the room. 5000 volumes are lent annually. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. (1851.) 3292 vols. The library dates, with the College, from 1784. Occasional appropriations are made by the Board for the increase of the library. The collection is in a room of the new brick College, 36 feet by 15, in 7 alcoves. The books are arranged according to subjects. Only one catalogue has been printed; date 1847, pages 38. The library is open one hour every Saturday. All persons connected with the College are entitled to use the books; and they are occasionally lent, by courtesy, to others. About 800 volumes are lent in a year. UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY. (1855.) 4600 vols. A library was commenced in 1845, at the same time the Academy was established by the United States Government. Appropriations are annually made by Congress. During 1854, $2000 were received, and the same amount expended. The library consists chiefly of naval and military books, with collateral works on mathematics, physics, history, &c. It is open daily three hours, for the use of the officers and students of the Academy. A number of valuable periodicals are regularly taken. BALTIeORE. MANUAL LABOR SCHOOL FOR INDIGENT BOYS. (1856.) 600 vols. This School was incorporated in 1840. It is located on a farm about seven miles from the city of Baltimore, and furnishes relief to a most MARYLAND. 79 interesting class of the unfortunate, who cannot be reached as efficaciously in any other way. The rudiments of a plain English education are taught, and the boys are instructed in practical farming, or bound out to trades. It is open to all sects of religion, without exception. The average number in the School is 50. The receipts of the institution for 1855, were $4589 79, and expenditures $4251 67. MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 15,000 vols. Founded in 1843, and incorporated March, 1844. The set of the Maryland Gazette, in the library, commences in 1728, and, though this is imperfect, a complete series of papers printed in Maryland, from that time to the present, exists in the library. The collection of manuscripts, though not large, embraces many of value and interest, especially those placed under the care of the Society by the State legislature, as the journals of the old Council, and letters to and from the governors and the proprietors. Among the MSS. are also several unpublished orders of General Washington, and some valuable letters from officers of the Maryland line, with regard to the Southern campaign. A large and commodious building has been erected for the joint accommodation of the Maryland Historical Society, the Library Company of Baltimore, and the Mercantile Library Association. The Maryland Historical Society holds in fee the third floor of the Athenaeum building; and this floor is divided into four intercommunicating apartments: a room for the use of the officers of the Society, which is 14 feet by 23; a meeting-room and library, 26 feet by 47, and 23 feet high; a gallery of fine arts, 47 feet by 53, with a ceiling 23 feet high at the apex, and sloping to 20 feet at the walls, lighted by a skylight in the roof, affording 400 superficial feet of glazed surface; and a gallery for sculpture and casts from the antique, 14 by 23 feet. The rooms of the Society are furnished in an elegant manner, with solid oak cases, tables, and chairs. The whole cost of the building was $28,182. The furniture is valued at $8000. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $100. The additions arise, in greater part, from donations. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 1000, from date of incorporation to 1855; since then, 200. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 750. 80 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. As yet, no regular catalogue of the library has been prepared for printing. The library is open daily from 10 in the morning until 6 o'clock in the afternoon. The regular meetings of the Society are held upon the first ThurSday evening of every month. The members of the Society are, of course, entitled to the use of the library; but as the object of the institution is not only to collect valuable material, but to make it as generally useful as possible, the books, original papers, &c., are at all times open to the examination and perusal of all who may wish to refer to them, subject only to the observance of such rules as are essential to their preservation. The books are not allowed to be taken from the rooms, except under circumstances which appear to justify a departure from the rule; because, the library being chiefly valuable for purposes of reference, it is thought desirable that investigations should be conducted in the rooms as much as possible; and much inconvenience would result to the many from this partial accommodation of the few. The number consulting the library is large. One of the prominent features in the plan of the Society, was the establishment of chapters in the different counties of the State. From the commencement of the Society to 1854, 466 members have been enrolled, and in May of that year the actual number was 301. The library in nMay, 1854, contained 2123 volumes, relating chiefly to historical or to such other subjects as are in strict accordance with the purposes of the Society. Of these, 605 consist of United States Congressional and executive documents, forming an invaluable and perfect series, which, together with 307 volumes of gazettes, furnish ample and highly useful sources of reference. There are 56 bound volumes, containing 703 pamphlets, all accurately indexed and catalogued. Among the valuable donations to the library, one, if not the most important, is the Peabody Index to Maryland Documents in the State Paper Office, London. It consists of eleven volumes, bound in blue morocco, under lock, and contains abstracts and descriptions of 1729 documents, extending from the year 1626 to 1780, exhibiting a chronological reference to the complete Colonial History of Maryland. This elaborate work in manuscript was prepared by Mr. Henry Stevens, at the cost and under the direction of George Peabody, Esq., who presented it to the Maryland Historical Society, as a testimony of his regard for the State in which he formerly lived. The "Baltimore Library," consisting of 15,000 volumes, has lately been transferred to the Historical Society. MARYLAND. 81 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. (1857.) 11,000 vols. "The Institute was formed in December, 1847, and upon the completion of its organization, February 1st, 1848, William Minifie was appointed chairman of a committee on the library, which was one of the original features of the Association. Upon the 13th of March, 1848, at the instance of the committee, the Board appropriated $300 to enable them to'purchase some books, and to subscribe to some mechanical and scientific periodicals.' The committee was also authorized'to issue an advertisement soliciting donations of books for the use of the Institute.' On the 20th of March the first book was presented to the library, being a copy of'The Experienced Millwright,' the gift of the late Moses Sheppard. On the 10th of April, on motion of Ross Winans, then a member of the Board, the library was ordered to'be opened for the use of the members, every evening (except Sunday), from 7 till 10 o'clock, beginning with Monday next, 17th inst.' On 8th May, a librarian or actuary was appointed, at $150 per year. During the first year of its existence, some 250 volumes were received as donations, and 250 volumes purchased at a cost of'500. Among the most valuable of these early contributions, were a set of 38 volumes of its Journal, by the Franklin Institute, and a set of Rees's Encyclopmedia, in 85 numbers, by Benjamin II. Ellicott. " The library thus founded and organized, begun its second year, in 1849, with 500 volumes; IH. R. Hazlehurst, chairman of its committee. During 1849, but $100 seem to have been spent, which, with donations, added about 200 volumes to the library. In 1850, however, numerous acceptable contributions of books were made; among them, some 500 volumes which had formerly belonged to the Apprentices' Library of Baltimore. The outlay by the Institute, for the same year, was $400; and the library was enlarged to about 1700 volumes, with which it begun its fourth year, in April, 1851. In 1851, 665 volumes were acquired, 443 by donation, 222 by purchase, for which latter, $348 were expended by the committee, of which William H. Keighler was chairman. " At the close of this year, the Institute's newhall was completed, and the library was removed thereto, from its confined location in the old Post Office building on Fayette Street. The committee, in the Fourth Annual Report (April, 1852), remarked that'this department is beginning to assume the appearance of usefulness and success which was 6 82 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. expected of it when the library should be removed to the new building and the books properly arranged for circulation.' For the first three years the library was confined to scientific and mechanical books almost exclusively, and which were not allowed to be taken from the hall. As an evidence of its value, however, even at this early period, we may quote the same report, which says:'Notwithstanding the limited means at hand for supplying the numerous call for books (most of the works in the library not being of the proper description or size for circulation), the accounts kept open with members, —nearly all of whom are constant readers,-number 592; an evidence of the extent to which the library would be used, did it contain more miscellaneous readable matter.' The committee further remark (and their language as forcibly and pertinently applies in the present report),'the library must always be a point of great attraction to the members of the Instituteparticularly to the younger portion; and it is therefore important that this favorite department should be made as complete and effective as possible.' "During the succeeding year (1852 and 1853), 800 volumes were added; 500 being by purchase, and 300 by donation. A considerable accession of mineralogical specimens was also then received, which, with previous contributions, formed a respectable nucleus for a cabinet. During this year, the Institute appropriated $1031 to the use of the library, about $600 of which was expended in books, maps, periodicals, and binding, and $440 in fixtures,-Wm. Bayley being the chairman of the committee. "The Sixth Annual Report (for 1853 and 1854) shows that $564 were expended, that 430 volumes were added (150 by donation, and 280 by purchase), and that the number of volumes increased to 3627. The daily newspapers were introduced for the first time this year. " In 1855, the committee say, that a' new feature has characterized the Institute's library, in the daily attendance of ladies; seeking, some the substantial mental food, others the light and graceful literature which tempts their more delicate intellectual appetites. Many of the senior members not having time to read, or lacking the taste, their wives and daughters avail themselves of the privilege of taking out books in their names.' The committee state that they have continued to exercise the utmost care in the selection of books, excluding all that are of doubtful morality. They further remark, that'a number of young men have withdrawn from the Institute and subscribed to other city MIARYLAND. 83 libraries, because this was insufficient in general literature to supply their wants;' and justly add, that the circumstance'serves to illustrate the fact, that those who have cultivated a taste for reading, and desire improvement, will dispense with other things to provide their intellectual culture, even at much enlarged expense.' The committee (Win. H. Young, chairman) make an eloquent appeal in behalf of their department, and remark that,' previously to the fiscal year now ending, a large proportion of the book fund has been expended very properly for works of science and art, and our library, in respect to such works, is probably the best in the State.... The library of the Maryland Institute,' they add,'is now assuming a more promising attitude.''Some 1020 volumes were added in 1854 and 1855-about 420 by purchase and 600 by donation-the sum of $554 being expended during the year. "The Eighth Annual Report, made in April, 1856, says, that'notwithstanding the able and urgent arguments heretofore used in favor of a liberal policy towards this department, particularly in the last annual report, the appropriations during the year just expired have been entirely inadequate to enable us to meet the demands of the reading portion of the membership.' The committee remark, that'there are a large number of books in the library which require either binding or rebinding, requiring the immediate attention of our successors-the want of funds alone having prevented the execution of the work.' The reason assigned for this condition of the books is,'the relatively small number of volumes for the very large number of readers, which causes nearly all the best and more popular works to be constantly out, and thereby subject to the deterioration of steady use.' The sum of $665 was expended by the committee, being the amount of the Institute's appropriation for the year. The number of books added was about 650 volumes, of which 175 were by donation, and 475 b'y purchase. "The number of volumes, therefore, which made up the library of the Institute a year ago, when its care was assigned to this committee, was 5245, which may be analyzed or divided as follows: scientific, artistic, mechanical, and other works of reference, 570; law, public documents, etc., 1800, and miscellaneous books available for circulation, 2875. The number of readers had regularly increased from year to year, until they numbered about 1020; and the number of volumes circulated by them amounted perhaps to 20,000, during the year ending in April last. "Such was, generally, the condition and extent of the library of the 8 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Taryland Institute, when the undersigned assumed their office. The entire sum of money expended in its development, for the eight previous years of its existence, as shown, was but $4162, being an average of but $520 per annumn."-Report of Committee, April, 1857. Receipts during 1856, $6300. Expended for books, $4600. Binding, $200. Periodicals, $125. Salaries, $2620. Incidentals, $875. tIembers of the Institute who pay;5 the first year, and $3 annually afterwards, and ladies and junior members who pay half that sum, are entitled to the use of the library. It is open from 9 A.M. to 4 P.M. for ladies, and from 4 to 9 P.M. for gentlemen. The special departments of the library are science, the fine arts, architecture, civil and marine, engineering, and mechanics' general encyclopmedias, &c. During the year 1854, about 24,000 volumes were taken out by 1200 members. About 60,000 volumes were lent during 1856, to 1971 persons. 9534 volumes are in English, 40 in French, 36 in German. A catalogue was printed in 1857, 300 pages, costing ~275 for 500 copies. "A simple general plan was adopted, without strict regard to technical propriety." Being a popular library (in its eirculating department), in the largest sense, the books of fiction, travels, biography, and history, have been used to the greatest extent. The departments of history, biography, travels, poetry, beiles-lettres, have the greatest extent in the circulating list. The special department, science, art, &c., is quite full, and great efforts are making to still further develope it. All the standard English and American authors (in these branches of learning) of the present century are now found in this portion of the library. Thirty-three periodicals are taken. MECHANICAL FIRE COMPANY. (1857.) 2200 vols. Founded in 1839, by Charles West, P. W. Loring, and H. P. Duhurst. Members of the Company pay $%5 per annum for the support of the library. The books are arranged in alphabetical order. 1800 volumes are in English, 100 French, i00 German, 50 Spanish, 50 Latin, 50 Greek, and 50 Hebrew. Novels are most called for. All the city papers of Baltimore are taken. The salary of the librarian is $25. MARYLAND. 85 MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 14,060 vols. Founded in 1839. Incorporated in 1842. Active members pay $3; honorary members, $5 per annum. Receipts during 1854, $3616 08. Expenditures for books, $1496 65. Binding, 864 47. Periodicals, $239 37. Salaries, $900. Receipts during 1856, $3616. Expenditures for books, $1496. Binding, $64. Periodicals, $240. Salaries, $900. Incidentals, $800. The library is open daily from 10 A.M. to 10 P.m. During 1856, 26,000 volumes were lent to 960 persons. Nearly all the books are in English. The books most called for, during the year, were Wide Wide World, Queechy, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Homes of the New World, Haps and Mishaps, Sunny Memories of Pleasant Lands, Mrs. Mowatt's Autobiography, Life of Barnum, Lamplighter, Fashion and Famine, Heir of Redclyffe, Ruth Hall, and Wikoff's Courtship. A catalogue was printed in 1851, 8vo. 1000 copies cost $700. It is arranged alphabetically by authors and subjects. A supplement was printed in 1854. 1200 volumes are added yearly, and during the past five years $7000 have been expended for books. The whole cost of the library has been $20,000. The annual expenses are 83500. The salary of the librarian is $1000; assistant, $300. ODD FELLOWS' LIBRARY. (1857.) 12,584 vols. Founded in February, 1840. It is supported by yearly donations from the several lodges and encampments in Baltimore, and governed by a committee of three members from each body; in all 102 representatives, who delegate the actual management to a Board of Directors, consisting of nine persons: president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, and five directors. Every Odd Fellow in Baltimore has the free use of this library. It is open three hours five evenings in the week. The books are arranged by subjects. 27,406 volumes were taken out during 1856. Novels were most called for, then voyages and travels. 7907 volumes are in English, 4677 in German. A catalogue was printed in 1852, 60 pages. Cost $82 50 for 1000 copies. Eight periodicals are taken. 806 volumes are added yearly. The annual expenses are $1159. During the last five years $846 28 were expended for books. Receipts from all sources 86 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. daring 1856, $1190. Expenditures during 1856 for books, $575 04; binding, $50 07; periodicals, $28 65; salaries, $187 50; incidentals, $36 25; total, $877 51. PEABODY INSTITUTE. On the 12th of February, 1857, George Peabody, Esq., an American banker, in London, addressed a letter to twenty-five gentlemen in Baltimore, stating his intention to found an Institute in that city, and giving them a credit of $350,000 for this purpose.' He specifies certain objects he desires to be established: 1st. A library; 2d. Lectures; 3d. An academy of music; and 4th. A gallery of art. He also wishes accommodations provided for the Maryland Historical Society. The following are his remarks relative to the library: " For an extensive library, to be well furnished in every department of knowledge, and of the most approved literature, which is to be maintained for the free use of all persons who may desire to consult it, and be supplied with every proper convenience for daily reference and study, within appointed hours of the week days of every year. It should consist of the best works on every subject embraced within the scope of its plan, and as completely adapted as the means at your command may allow to satisfy the researches of students who may be engaged in the pursuit of knowledge not ordinarily attainable in the private libraries of the country. It should be guarded and preserved from abuse, and rendered efficient for the purposes I contemplate in its establishment, by such regulations as the judgment and experience of the trustees may adopt or approve. I recommend, in reference to such regulation, that it shall not be constructed upon the plan of a circulating library; and that the books shall not be allowed to be taken out of the building, except in very special cases, and in accordance with rules adapted to them as exceptional privileges." ST. MARY'S COLLEGE. (1857.) 13,000 vols. The library was commenced with the institution, in the year 1809. It has a few manuscripts, among them a modern 4to. MS., entitled "Tableau present des Etats Unis, par George Novion," in 369 elegantly written pages, with statistical tables: date, about 1791-2; some valuMr. Peabody has since added the sum of $200,000 to his former munificent gift. MARYLAND. 87 able maps, charts, and engravings. The annual increase is about 500 volumes. The library occupies two large rooms in the College edifice. The librarian is engaged in classifying the books according to subjects. There is no printed catalogue. A complete MS. catalogue is in preparation. There is no stated time for opening the library, but it is accessible at all times on application to the librarian. All persons connected with the institution are entitled to the use of the books, and others are allowed the use on application. Books are sometimes lent out to read, but the practice is discountenanced, at present, on account of former abuse of the privilege. With the permission of the Superior, books may be lent to persons at a distance. Since 1851, a gift of 1100 volumes was made to the institution. The library is composed for the most part of theological and classical books, but is not deficient in other departments. There is a small library of some 600 volumes belonging to a society of students. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1200 vols.'This Association has fine rooms, and a library of over 1200 volumes, nearly all of which were purchased in 1856. Care was taken to exclude such as would be either immoral or pernicious in their teachings and tendencies. For some time the Association was embarrassed with debt, but this was successfully removed by the result of a festival, participated in by the various denominations represented in the Association. It was held on the 26th and 27th of March, 1856, and realized, over all expenses, the sum of $2133 53; of which, $1074 58 were appropriated for old debts, and $1058 95 for the purchase of books. Total receipts, 1856, $2966 87; expenses, $2875 87. The annual paying memberships is about 335. Essays are read, and discussions held, every month. The Association is engaged in what are called " Boys' Meetings," held on Sundays, in different parts of the city, and has charge of "Union prayer-meetings." CHARLOTTE HALL. CHARLOTTE HALL SCHOOL. (1857.) 1560 vols. " The site now occupied by Charlotte Hall-formerly known as the Cool Springs of Maryland —was selected, as early as 1770, on account 88 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. of its healthfulness, excellent water, and distance from any village, as a most admirable locality for an institution of learning. Lands were secured and arrangements made for building, with a zeal, liberality, and intelligence, nowhere equalled in the Colonies at the time. In the midst of these active preparations to secure the blessings of a liberal education to their children and posterity, the all-absorbing Revolution not only demanded all energies, but exhausted all available funds, and it was not until 1796, that buildings were in readiness to be consecrated to the important work of diffusing learning and intelligence among the citizens of the new republic." 850 volumes are in English, 88 in French, 38 in Spanish, 422 in Latin, 227 in Greek, 5 in Hebrew. The books most read are standard histories and British classics. 500 volumes were added to the library in 1856. During the last five years $600 have been expended for books. CIIESTERTOWN. WASHINGTON COLLEGE. (1857.) 2000 vols. The College library was founded in 1783. In 1827, the College was burned down, and only 170 volumes rescued from the flames. In 1844, the College was revived, a new building erected, and 380 new volumes added. These, together with the valuable present of State papers and other documents, by Hon. J. A. Pearce, form an aggregate of 2000 volumes, with some good collections of maps, &c. There is a manuscript, but no printed catalogue. Persons connected with the College are allowed to use the books without fee. Strangers are sometimes, by courtesy, permitted to use the library. The MOUNT VERNON SOCIETY OF STUDENTS, founded in 1847, has about 100 volumes. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $25. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 50, mostly at present by gift. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 150. COLLEGE OF ST. JAMES. (1857.) 5000 vols. Founded in 1842. Chartered in 1844. The BELLES-LETTRES MARYLAND. 89 SOCIETY, founded in 1845, has a library of 1420 volumes, the IRVING SocIETY, founded in 1847, has 1595 volumes, and the WAVERLEY 850 volumes. ELLICOTT'S MILLS. ST. CHARLES COLLEGE. (1855.) 600 vols. This institution was opened towards the close of the year 1848, and the library has been but recently formed. The number of volumes is as yet very limited, not exceeding five or six hundred, mostly ecclesiastical. FREDERICK CITY. FREDERICK FEMALE SEMINARY. (1856.) 1000 vols. Chartered in 1840. Commenced operations 1st September, 1846. " A handsome building was erected at an expense of $16,000, which, so far as beauty, neatness, and elegance of structure, its central location, comfort, convenience, and the perfect adaptation of all its parts to the purposes for which it was constructed, are concerned, is believed by the directors to be equal to any similar institution in the United States. It is 50 feet front by 90 deep, contains 40 apartments, and will accommodate from 70 to 80 boarding-scholars. The order of architecture is Grecian Ionic. All its proportions are in exact imitation of the celebrated temple of Erectheus. The columns are 27 feet high." The Seminary is entirely exempt from sectarian control. The course of instruction is said to be thorough and, extensive. There is a large chemical and philosophical apparatus, and a library of 1000 volumes. SANDY SPRING. SANDY SPRING LIBRARY COMPANY. (1857.) 700 vols. Founded in 1841. The officers are, president, five directors, treasurer, and librarian. No salaries are paid. The shares are $5 each, with an annual contribution of $1 50 from each shareholder. Subscribers pay $2 a year. The receipts during 1854, were $55 84, and the expenses about the same. $40 worth of new books were obtained. It 90 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. is a lending library, open every day, from sunrise to sunset. About 300 volumes are lent annually. The books are arranged by size. The last catalogue was printed in 1854, 18mo. 200 copies cost $15. Littell's Living Age is the only periodical taken. MASSAC IHUSET TS. AMHERST. AMHERST COLLEGE. (1856.) 12,000 vols. The library was commenced in 1821,-the same year that the College went into operation. It, however, numbered very few books previous to 1832, in which year about 2000 standard works, in literature and science, were purchased in London and Paris, by Professor Hovey, with money raised by general subscriptions among the friends of the College. From that time the library gradually increased to 1850, when it numbered about 6000 volumes. During that year, the room in the chapel devoted to the library, having become too small to accommodate the books, a subscription was started for the purpose of procuring funds for the erection of a new library building, and the purchase of such books as the necessities of both officers and students seemed imperatively to demand. With the $20,000 realized from this subscription, a new library building was erected in 1853, and such additions made to the library, that with the donations, the number of volumes which it now contains, varies not far from 12,000. Students pay $1 50 a year for the use of the library. The books are classified by subjects, on Brunet's system. The library is open four days in the week, for three-quarters of an hour each time. A catalogue of 177 pages 8vo. was printed in August, 1855. The students' Societies have 8000 volumes in their libraries. ANDOVER. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1857.) 22,700 vols. This Seminary is under the direction of the trustees of Phillips Academy, which was founded April 21, 1778, and belongs to the Orthodox MASSACHUSETTS. 91 Congregationalists. The library was commenced in 1808. There is a permanent fund of about $12,000, the income of which is appropriated to the purchase of books. The library is in a handsome room in the second story of a brick building, erected in 1818, at an expense of about $19,000, for chapel, recitation-rooms, and library. The library-room is 60 feet by 40, and about 18 feet high, fitted up with alcoves, and adorned with the portraits of the principal benefactors of the institution. The books are arranged but partially according to subjects. In 1819, a catalogue of 160 pages 8vo., by Professor J. W. Gibbs, was printed. In 1838 an elaborate catalogue, containing 531 pages 8vo., was published. A supplementary catalogue of 67 pages 8vo. was printed in 1849. The library is open three times a week, from 1 to 3 o'clock P.M. The persons entitled to the use of the books are, besides the officers of the Seminary, students and resident licentiates, on the payment of $3 per annum, and others by permission of the Faculty. Each student is allowed eight books at a time. Probably 4000 volumes are lent out in the course of the year. Books may be carried out of town by permission from the Faculty. Besides the public library, the following collections are connected with the Seminary: Library of the PORTER RHETORICAL SOCIETY, 2600 volumes. A catalogue of this library was printed in 1839, in octavo form. Library of the SOCIETY OF INQUIRY, 1349 volumes. " The library of the ANDOVER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY is one of the most valuable in the country. The books mostly belong to the departments of theology and philology. It is a selected library, and not a chance accumulation of volumes rejected from the shelves of a multitude of donors. Profound theological learning, thorough bibliographical knowledge and skill, have for the most part presided over the formation and arrangements of the library. The catalogue, by Rev. Oliver A. Taylor, A.M., is on the plan of Audifreddi. The books are placed under the authors' names. The names are in alphabetical order. To the name of each author is appended a biographical note. Annotations upon the books are also interspersed through the work. The catalogue is destitute of an index." "The library has a collection of between 2000 and 3000 small books and pamphlets, relating to or written by the Puritans, and published in England in the time of Charles I, the Commonwealth, and Charles II. The department in the library which is most fully supplied, is that relat 92 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. ing to the Christian Fathers, and Church history generally. It has also a good collection of works relating to biblical commentary, criticism, and antiquities. It possesses also many of the best early editions of the Greek and Rooman classics and works illustrative of them. It is quite deficient in works on the English language, and standard English literature; in the productions of the English and American Puritans; in general works of science which would be suitable to a theological library; in the best later editions of the classics, etc."- Bibliotheca Sacra. BOSTOg. AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. (1857.) 9600 vols. This Society was incorporated May 4, 1780. Among the scientific associations of the United States, it is next in age to the American Philosophical Society at Philadelphia, which is the oldest in the country. The average annual increase of the library is about 150 volumes. An annual appropriation of about $600 is made from the general fund of the Academy for the purchase of books. The library is open during the day, every week-day. All members of the Academy, and strangers, are allowed the use of the books, which may be taken out by any member, or in his name. A catalogue (57 pages 8vo.) was printed in 1802. Lists of accessions are, from time to time, printed in the publications of the Academy. This library contains a valuable collection of the memoirs and transactions of learned societies, reviews, and magazines, and of modern scientific works. AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. (1857.) 5626 vols. The library was founded in 1822. The average annual increase is about 150 volumes. The library is in the Mission House, Permberton Square. There is a catalogue, but it has not been printed. The collection is designed mainly for the use of the officers of the Board, and is always accessible to them. The books are occasionally lent to persons investigating subjects relating to missions. It is designed to be a library for reference on subjects connected with the work of foreign missions, is in no sense a circulating library, and nothing is paid for the use of MASSACHUSETTS. 93 the books. Books may be lent to persons at a distance by consent of the Prudential Committee. BOSTON ATHEN2EUM. (1857.) 70,000 vols. " The Athenmum owes its origin to a society of gentlemen who conducted a literary publication called'The Monthly Anthology.' In the year 1806, they issued proposals for establishing a reading-room, to contain the most valuable foreign and American journals, with works of reference suitable to such a place of resort, open to subscribers, at;10 per annum. The enterprise proved unexpectedly successful. MIany valuable books were presented, and the gentlemen who commenced the undertaking, in order more effectually to secure and extend the benefits of their labor and expense, transferred their right in the Anthology Rleading-room and Library to trustees, with power to supply vacancies in their number. At the winter session of the legislature, in 1807, the proprietors were incorporated under the name of'The Boston AtheThe price of a share was fixed at $300. Annual subscribers were admitted at $10 per annum. From these sources, occasional voluntary subscriptions, and frequent donations, the institution has risen to its present important position. The principal endowments of the Athenmun, before the year 1847, are thus enumerated in an inscription under the corner-stone of the new building:'The sum of $42,000 was raised for the general purposes of the Athen6umn, by voluntary subscription for shares created in 1807. "James Perkins, in 1821, gave his own costly mansion in Pearl Street, which from that time has been the seat of the institution. "In the same year, the sum of $22,000 was raised by voluntary subscriptions for shares. " Thomas Handasyd Perkins (besides his earlier and later valuable donations), and James Perkins the younger, seconded, in S826, the liberality of the brother and the father, each giving $8000; and the, sum of their contributions was increased to $45,000, by other subscriptions, obtained chiefly through the efforts and influence of Nathanliel Bowditch, Francis Calley Gray, George Ticknor? and Thomas Wren Ward. " Augustus Thorndike, in 1823, gave a choice collection of easts of the most celebrated ancient statues. 94 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. " George Watson Brimmer, in 1838, gave a magnificent collection of books on the fine arts. " John Bromfield, in 1846, gave $25,000 as a fund to be regularly increased by one-quarter of the income, of which the other three-quarters are to be annually applied to the purchase of books forever. " The sum of $75,000, for the erection of the building, was raised by voluntary subscription for shares created in 1844."' Liberality like this is seldom witnessed, and deserves the most honorable mention. The institution first occupied rooms in Congress Street, whence it was removed to Scollay's Buildings, in Court Street, and in 1810 to the building on Common (now Tremont) Street, north of King's Chapel Burial-ground. In the year 1822 it was removed to the house in Pearl Street, presented, as already stated, by James Perkins. In 1823, the King's Chapel Library and the Theological Library, containing together 1300 volumes of theological works, were deposited in the Athenaeum, where they still remain. In 1826 a union was effected with the Boston Medical Library, and its books, valued at $4500, were added to those of the Athenaeum. In the same year, also, an association which had been formed for the purchase of a scientific library became merged in the Athenzumn, and its funds, exceeding $3000, were transferred to the Athenaeum, to be expended in the purchase of scientific books. —[See sketch of the Boston Athenceum, by Edward Wigglesworth, M.A., in "The American Quarterly Register," for November, 1839.] In July, 1849, the library was removed to its new home in Beacon Street, just above the Tremont House. The location is central, yet free from the dust and noise of crowded thoroughfares. The edifice is elegant, spacious, and convenient. The front is 114 feet long and 60 feet high, in the Palladian or later Italian style of architecture, and built of freestone. The other walls are of brick. In the basement story are rooms for the packing of books, for a bindery, for the accommodation of the janitor, &c. The main entrance opens into a pillared and panelled rotunda, from which the staircases conduct above. On the first floor aree two large reading-rooms, a room for the trustees, and a sculpture gallery, 80 feet by 40. The library occupies the second story, which is divided into three rooms, two in front and one large hall (109 feet by 40) in the rear. The western division of this room is filled with l This sum having been found insufficient for the completion of the building, an additional subscription was made. MASSACHUSETTS. 95 encyclopedias, transactions of learned societies, magazines, and other works in long series of volumes. The other and larger portion is divided into 26 alcoves. This hall is beautifully finished in the Italian style. The shelving is carried to the height of 18 or 20 feet, and the upper shelves are made accessible by means of a light iron gallery, reached by five spiral staircases. The two front rooms will accommodate some 25,000 volumes. The picture-gallery occupies the upper story. It is divided into six apartments, each lighted by a skylight. It is admirably adapted to its purposes. The roof affords a magnificent view of the- city and the surrounding country. The whole building is constructed in the most substantial and workmanlike manner.l Besides 70,000 bound volumes, including 1500 or 1600 volumes of pamphlets, the library possesses 20,000 or more unbound pamphlets, between 400- and 500 volumes of engravings, and the most valuable collection of coins in this part of the country. For an American library it is rich in certain departments, as, for example, in the reports and transactions of learned societies, in periodical publications in the English language, works in the natural sciences, &c. It has complete sets of the Transactions of the Royal Society of London, the French Institute, the Royal Societies of Berlin, Copenhagen, Gdttingen, Lisbon, Madrid, Stockholm, St. Petersburg, Turin, &c. It has also the Encyclopedie Raisonne, 35 volumes folio; the Encyclopedie M6thodique, 258 volumes 4to., including 37 of plates; Buffon's Natural History, by Sonnini, 127 volumes 8vo., &c.2 The institution has a valuable collection of books and papers, once forming a part of the library of General Washington. It contains in all about 450 bound volumes, and from 800 to 1000 pamphlets unbound, nearly all of which belonged to the library of Washington. About 350 contain his autograph, and a few of them notes in his handwriting. One little book has the autograph of Washington in a rude, schoolboy hand, at about the age of nine years. There are several autographs of Augustine Washington, the father of the General; of Mary, the mother, and of Martha, the wife. One book contains, on the title-page, the autograph of John Custis (first husband of Martha), and on the next leaf that of George Washington. One volume has the autograph of Thomas Jefferson. There are several presentation copies from eminent authors, —Sir John Sinclair, Arthur Young, Ebeling, Alfieri, Jefferson, I Literary World, August 11, 1849. 2 Bibliotheca Sacra,'January, 1850. 96 NPUBLIC LIBRARIES. Dr. Morse, and others. Ten volumes contain the name of RPichard Henry Lee, in his own handwriting. These books came into the possession of the Athenoeum in the following manner. General Washington bequeathed his books and papers to his nephew, Bushrod Washington. On the death of Bushrod Washington the library was divided: one portion was left at Mount Vernon, where it still remains; another fell to Colonel Washington. The latter portion included the public papers afterwards purchased by Congress, and a considerable number of the books, pamphlets, and private papers. The books had been offered for sale. Congress had declined the purchase. Mr. Henry Stevens at last bought the collection, and offered it for sale to the Athenmum. A few gentlemen of Boston and its vicinity subscribed the required amount, and presented these precious memorials to this institution. The Athenceum possesses many valuable paintings and statues. Among the latter is the Orpheus of Crawford, and the Backwoodsman, by Dexter, in marble. Several catalogues of the books have been printed; one, without date, in 266 pages 8vo., in which the books are arranged in 16 classes. Another was printed in 1827j and contains 356 pages 8vo. It is alphabetical. A supplement (60 pages) was printed in 1829; a second (80 pages) in 1834. These two supplements, with the other additions to the library up to 1840, were in that year printed together, in a volume containing 179 pages 8vo. The printed catalogues have not heretofore contained the titles of the numerous pamphlets belonging to the library. A neat and accurate catalogue of these pamphlets, prepared by Dr. A. A. Gould, and complete to within two or three years, exists in manuscript. The library is hardly surpassed, either in size or in value, by any other in the country; and its regulations are framed with the design that it shall answer the highest purposes of a public library. Practically it is such; for each proprietor, besides the right for himself and his family to use the library, may grant to two other persons constant access to it, free of all assessments, and tickets for a month to any number of strangers. Any person, indeed, stranger or resident, may be introduced for a special purpose by a note from a proprietor. Thus, the by-laws open the doors of the institution to a large number of persons; so that the proprietor who bestows on others the free use of all the rights lihe can impart, renders himself thereby a public benefactor. MASSACHUSETTS. 97 The following are the principal regulations of the institution: The proprietors meet annually on the first Monday of January. The officers are chosen annually. They are, a president, vice-president, treasurer, secretary, and nine trustees. The trustees appoint a librarian, and& sub-librarian. The price of a share is $300; that of a life subscription $100. Annual subscribers pay $10 for the use of the library and reading-room, but are not allowed to take out books. Every proprietor has, besides his own right, two rightW of admission, transferable to such persons as he may select. Proprietors and life shareholders, on paying $5 annually, may take books home —not to exceed four volumes at once. Every proprietor and life-subscriber may introduce strangers not residing within twenty miles of Boston, and such strangers are entitled to visit the Athenaeum for one month from the time of their introduction. Certain persons, by virtue of their offices, are entitled to free admission to the Athenaeum. These are, the Governor and Council, the Lieutenant-Governor and members of the legislature of Massachusetts for the time being, the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the Courts of the IUnited States, the officers and resident graduates of Harvard College, of Williams College, of Amherst College, and of the Theological Seminary at Andover, the several presidents of the American Academy, Historical Society, Medical Society, Agricultural Society, Salem Athenaeum, and the East India Marine Society of Salem; also clergymen settled in Boston. These last are likewise allowed to take out books on the same terms as proprietors. In 1853, a donation of a large number of books was made, unequalled in value by any previous gift of books to the library since its foundation. " The works thus presented are all of a most costly and splendid character, and include several which are not to be found in any other public library in America. Among them is a complete set, in 29 folio volumes, of the works of Piranesi. Those works are of hardly less interest to the scholar and the man of letters, than to the artist. Equally important, as illustrating another department of inquiry, is a very fine copy of Champollion's great work on Egyptian Antiquities, published under the auspices of the French Government, in four folio volumes. Accompanying this, are Perring's splendid volumes on the Pyramids of 98 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Gizeh. But, perhaps, the most magnificent work in the collection, is a copy of Gould's Birds of Europe, a work which rivals, in beauty and expense, Audubon's Birds of America. The copy now placed in the Athenaum is a remarkably fine one: the plates are brilliant, and colored with extreme delicacy. The five large volumes are bound in the most sumptuous manner. " These works may serve to indicate the character of the whole collection. There is not a single book comprised in it, which does not give proof of the excellent judgment with which the selection has been made." No reports, excepting a condensed statement of the treasurer, are printed. BOSTON LIBRARY SOCIETY. (1857.) 14,395 vols. Founded in 1792. Incorporated in 1794. The principal founder of this Society was Jeremiah Belknap. There are 274 shares, on each of which an annual tax of' 3 is levied. The receipts during 1854-'55, were $744 45; and during the same time, $316 62 were expended for books; $31 85 for binding; $33 for periodicals; $250 for salaries; and $68 65 for incidentals. The library is open three hours on four days in the week. The books are placed on the shelves as received, where most convenient. 13,000 volumes are in English, 1244 in French; none in other languages. A catalogue was printed in 1849, 8vo., at a cost of $543 91 for 500 copies; the first supplement, in 1849, cost $130 50 for 300 copies; second supplement, 1855, cost $105 for 300 copies. About 200 volumes are added yearly. The annual expenses are $400, exclusive of rent. During the last five years $23:32 55, have been expended for books. The principal object of the Society has been to form a collection of books for popular use, admitting none of an injurious moral tendency, and preferring those of solid and standard value. History and biography (particularly American), travels, the English and French classics, and fiction, are the departments best supplied. Most of the books have been selected and purchased. The donations have been comparatively few. For some years after the library was founded, the shares were not MASSACHUSETTS. 99 transferable, and subscribers had only the use of the library for their lives; consequently, by the death of the original proprietors, many shares have fallen into the common stock; which has given to the shares of present proprietors a value far beyond their cost. Shares are now, however, transferable, and do not cease at the death of the proprietor. BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. (1857.) 6000 vols. Founded in the winter of 1830, and incorporated February 24, 1831. Its great design is to "promote a taste and afford facilities for the pursuit of natural history, by mutual co-operation and the collection of a cabinet and library." The Society has been conducted with much energy. It holds regular and frequent meetings, issues a "Journal," and has collected a valuable cabinet and library. "When the Society originated, the great difficulty in the way of making advances in the study of natural history was the want of books. When we consider how essential a library is to the study and arrangement of every department of the cabinet, it cannot but be felt that the Society have done wisely to contribute largely towards it. It is of vital importance, that the naturalist who is engaged in the investigation of any subject, should be able to know all that has been written upon his subject. Scientific books are expensive, and no man among us can promise himself such a library as he may need."-[See notices of Boston Society of Natural History, by Dr. A. A. Gould, in the American Quarterly Register, February, 1842, p. 236, seq.] The Socie*ty has a permanent fund of about;12,000; 810,000 of which were received from a bequest of Ambrose S. Curtis, Esq., $300 from a grant by the State, and 8500 from the legacy of Simon E. Green, Esq.; one-third of the income of which is, by vote, appropriated to the library. This arrangement is liable to alteration. The Society owns a brick building with iron shutters. This contains the library and cabinet, and cost 830,000. The library room is 30 by 26 feet. The centre building is 40 by 30 feet, with two wings 26 by 30 feet each. Individuals not members of the Society are freely allowed to make use of the books, on application. Books are lent to persons at a distance, who are known to be engaged in scientific pursuits requiring them. The library committee has power to lend them, and so may any member, he being responsible for their safe return. 100 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. The receipts during 1854 were $230; and in the same time $150 were expended for books, $50 for bindingi $15 for periodicals, and $15 for incidentals. The library is open every day from 9 to 12. During 1854, 320 volumes were lent to 65 persons. 1850 volumes'are in English, 472 French, 460 German, 150 Spanish, 130 in other modern languages. A catalogue was printed in 1840, of 26 pages 8vo., at a cost of $40 for 1000 copies. The Transactions of the leading scientific societies at home and abroad are received. The Society has a large collection in all departments of natural history. In January, 1857, a collection of 1145 volumes, &c., was deposited by Mrs. Binney, for the use of the Society, which will be a very great aid to the student of natural history. The yearly increase of the library is about 200 volumes and 150 pamphlets. The annual cost of supporting the library is $100, including binding of books and fuel. During the last five years about $200 have been expended for books. BOWDITCH LIBRARY. (1857.) 3000 vols. The late illustrious mathematician, Dr. N. Bowditch, collected a valuable scientific library of about 2500 volumes. Since his death, his family, with a liberality worthy of their name, have allowed to the public the free use of the books. Although, therefore, this collection is private property, its public usefulness requires that it should find a place in notices of the public libraries of Boston. The proprietors have established the following " Rules for the Bowditch Library, at 8 Otis Place, Boston: " As this library is peculiarly valuable from the circumstance of its former ownership, it is particularly requested that books taken from it be used with care and returned punctually, subject to the following rules: " 1. No person will be allowed more than four volumes at a time. " 2. If any book be lost, it must be replaced, although, of course, the loss can never be entirely supplied. "3. No book must be kept from the library more than three months, without being renewed upon the record book. MASSACHUSETTS. 101 "4. All books must be returned on or before March 1st, of each year, for examination. After the 20th of the same month, the library will be again opened. "5. Omission, for the space of one week, to comply with the requisitions contained either in the third or fourth rule, deprives the party in default of the right thereafter to use the library, unless two at least of the proprietors are satisfied that the neglect is excusable, or are willing to pass over the omission." About 250 volumes are taken out annually. None have been lost. The library is open every Saturday afternoon, freely to all. COMER'S COMMERCIAL COLLEGE. Founded in 1840. A large and valuable library of the best works on commerce, commercial law, &c., is provided for reference. CONGREGATIONAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 4050 vols. Incorporated in 1854. It is supported by an annual fee of $1 from members. It is mostly a reference library. Open from 8 A..M. to 6 P.M. every day. Besides the books, there are 14,500 pamphlets, and 250 MSS. This Association has purchased the late residence of Judge Jackson, on Chauncey Street, Boston, and will at once occupy it with its valuable collection of books, manuscripts, pictures, and other memorials of the fathers of New England. The lot purchased has a front of 44 feet by 100 feet in depth; price paid, $25,000. A Boston paper remarks (May, 1857): " This purchase is one important step in the plan which this Association has in contemplation, of erecting in this city a splendid building, which shall afford accommodations for the prominent benevolent societies connected with the Congregational denomination, contain an excellent reading-room, and be a kind of Religious Exchange and home for the denomination; where the members, clerical and lay, from all parts of New England, may meet for conference and consultation. The design of the Association is, for the present, to occupy the building which 102 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. now stands on the ground for their own accommodation, and the accominodation of such other kindred associations as may choose to secure rooms there. The building is so arranged that, with very little expense, it can be made to accommodate, conveniently, six or seven societies. At a suitable time, and that before long, it is the design of the Association to make an appeal-and it is to be the only appeal for life-to the Congregational churches in New England, to contribute the means to enable the Association to erect the proposed building. Such an appeal, we have no doubt, will be liberally responded to by the denomination, and the means will be at once placed in the hands of the Association to enable it to carry out fully its design." MASSACHUSETTS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. (1857.) 300 vols. Founded in 1823. Incorporated in 1851. The receipts for 1854 were $50. Expenditures for books, $25 j binding, $5; periodicals, $10; incidentals, $100. Members of the College have the free use of the library, which is accessible at all times. Nearly all the works are in English. Silliman's Journal, American Journal of Pharmacy, New York Journal of Pharmacy, and Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, are taken. Average annual amount expended for books since.1851, $25. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 20. A committee of three members is chosen each year to take charge of the library. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (1853.) 8000 vols. Organized in 1791, incorporated in 1794. The foundation of the Massachusetts Historical Society was originally suggested by Rev. Jeremy Belknap and Mr. Thomas Walcutt. The library contains about 8000 volumes, inclusive of bound newspapers; about 2000 unbound pamphlets, 300 maps and charts, 450 volumes of manuscripts, a few coins, and 70 portraits. It increases about 100 volumes annually, wholly by donations. The Society possesses no funds, not even for the support of a librarian. The entrance fees and annual assessments go MASSACHUSETTS. 103 for binding and other charges. The library occupies rooms in a stone edifice, erected in 1833. These rooms were purchased by the Society for $6500; $5000 of which were collected by subscription at that time. These rooms are 84 feet by 40 in their whole length and breadth. The books are placed upon the shelves according to size, without regard to subjects. Two catalogues'have been published-the first, 40 pages 8vo., in 1796; the second, compiled by Rev. Timothy Alden, 96 pages 8vo., was printed in 1811. The continuation is in manuscript. The library is open daily from 9 A.M. to 1 o'clock P.M., and from 3 to 6 P.M. It is accessible to members and others pursuing historical investigations. About 200 volumes a year are lent out. About 1000 persons a year consult the library without taking away books. By permission of the standing committee, books may be lent to persons at a distance. " Among the most valuable treasures belonging to this Society are the manuscripts of the historian Hubbard; of the first Governor Winthrop, 11 volumes; of Governor Hutchinson; of Governor Jonathan Trumbull, of Connecticut, 23 volumes; the manuscript of Washington's Farewell Address to the officers of the American Army. The Society has also 98 folio volumes of Commercial Statistics of the United States, embracing the years from 1816 to 1842 inclusive, drawn up with care, and very complete. There is a copy of Eliot's Indian Bible in the library. Thirty volumes of Collections have been printed, in three series, of 10 volumes each. The last volume of each series contains a full index of all the volumes in the series. The portraits of about 70 persons, mostly New England worthies, adorn one of the rooms. Some of these are of special value, e. g., the portraits of Rev. Increase Mather and of Rev. John Wilson." An interesting "Account of the Massachusetts Historical Society," prepared by William Jenks, D.D., of Boston, was printed in the American Quarterly Register for November, 1837, pages 166-177. "The Massachusetts Historical Society is one of the oldest incorporated societies in America that is entirely devoted to literary pursuits. The number of its members has always been limited, having been for many years restricted by legislative enactments to 60 residents within the commonwealth; consequently it has had a standing which no other society, with the single exception of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, has acquired. The following is a correct list of the present members, arranged in order of election: 104 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Hon. Josiah Quincy, LL.D. Hon. Solomon Lincoln, A.M. Hon. James Savage, LL.D. Rev. Chandler Robbins, D.D. Hon. Nathan Hale, LL.D. Francis Bowen, A.M. Hon. Edward Everett, LL.D. John Langdon Sibley, A.M. Rev. William Jenks, D.D. Hon. Richard Frothingham, Jr. Jared Sparks, LL.D. Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, M.D. Joseph E. Worcester, LL.D. Henry Wheatland, M.D. Joseph Willard, A.M. Hon. David Sears, A.M. Lemuel Shattuck, Esq. Sylvester Judd, Esq. Rev. Joseph B. Felt, A.M. Thomas H. Webb, M.D. Hon. Lemuel Shaw, LL.D. Charles Deane, A.M. Rev. Convers Franeis, D.D. George Livermore, A.M. George Ticknor, LL.D. Francis Parkman, LL.D. Hon. Nathan Appleton, LL.D. Ellis Ames, A.M. Hon. Rufus Choate, LL.D. Hion. John H. Clifford, LL.D. Hon. John G. King, A.M. William Brigham, A.B. Hon. Daniel A. White, LL.D. I-on. Emory Washburn, LL.D. William H. Prescott, LL.D. Rev. Samuel K. Lothrop, D.D. Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, LL.ID. Rev. Willianm Newell, D.D. Rev. Alvan Lamson, D.D. Hon. Lorenzo Sabine, A.M. Hon. Charles F. Adams, A.M. Thomas Aspinwall, A.M. Rev. William P. Lunt, D.D. Rev. John S. Barry. Rev. George E. Ellis, A.M. John A. Lowell, LL.D. Hon. John C. Gray, LL.D. Lucius M. Sargent, A.M. Rev. Nathaniel L. Frothingham, D.D. Cornelius C. Felton, LL.D. lIon. George S. Hillard, A.M. J. Lothrop Motley, A.M. Hon. William Minot, A.M. Nathaniel I. Bowditch, A.M. Hon. Peleg W. Chandler, A.M. George R. Russell, LL.D. Rev. George W. Blagden, D.D. Hon. Charles H. Warren, A.M. Rev. Lucius R. Paige, A.M. "During the past year, the Society has been prospered beyond the usual measure allotted to associations of a purely literary and scientific character. Its funds have been so far increased by the generous contributions of its wealthy friends, that the large stone building in which its library is preserved has been purchased, and a portion of it fitted up for the accommodation of its valuable collections of rare books and interesting portraits. But a short time since, by the munificence of the late and lamented Samuel Appleton, a liberal fund was established, MASSACHUSETTS. 105 which will insure for all future time a continuation of its learned and much-sought-for publications. Add to this the late gift of the venerable Thonias Dowse, the unasked-for, freewill offering of one, who seems to have remained on earth, the few last years, that he might place his longloved treasure in a most secure place for usefulness and preservation. " The Dowse Library consists of a very large and well-selected collection of books, containing the choicest editions of the most desirable works in the English language, embracing chiefly those that belonged to the departments of bibliography, history, biography, travels, theology, and general literature; and these are all in the most appropriate and durable binding that could be obtained for them. The description of this rare collection of books is too well known to require further notice in this place. [Mr. Dowse did not long survive this liberal act, but in his declining days looked upon it with more satisfaction than any one thing he had done in his long and useful life.' "Within the last month this addition to the library of the Historical Society has been-removed from Cambridge, and placed upon the shelves of the elegant cases which have been prepared for it in a special apartment, where it will ever be kept by itself, for the use of scholars. The room devoted to this portion of the Society's library measures about 25 by 30 feet, and fronts upon the King's Chapel burial-ground. It has been fitted up especially for the purpose, under the immediate direction of Rev. Dr. Chandler Robbins, chairman of the Standing Committee of the Society, and Dr. Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, with the co-operation of George Livermore, Esq., the special friend and confidant of the generous donor. " The glazed bookcases, and entire finish of the room, are of solid black walnut. In a large recess in the case fronting the folding doors, through which the room is entered from the general library-room of the Society, is placed an admirable and lifelike portrait of Mr. Dowse, painted by Wight. Over the fireplace is suspended a head of Edward Everett, painted by Stuart, many years ago, when the subject of the portrait was about twenty-six years of age; and in a corner of the room is a marble bust of Sir Walter Scott, executed by Chantry. These two last-mentioned works of art were much esteemed by the original possessor of the library, and were the ornaments of it when in Cambridge. The only other artistic decorations are busts of Washington, Franklin, Shakspeare, Milton, Tasso, and Roscoe. The furniture of the room consists of a very handsome oval-shaped table, highly and appropriately ornamented 106 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. with carvings of black walnut, and very comfortable and elegant chairs of the same material, trimmed and seated with garnet-colored plush. The Wilton carpet, which corresponds with the furniture, give firne effect to the room, and adds much to the comfort and general appearance of the premises. " The arrangement of the books is very fine, and perhaps presents the most elegant appearance to be witnessed in any library in the country. " The general library-room of the Society has also been newly fitted up with mahogany cases and furniture, and the books have been classified and arranged in a very proper and convenient manner according to the decimal system. "With the encouraging prospects of the last few years, it is expected that this venerable association will continue to be, what it has been for more than sixty years, the headquarters of historical learning in Massachusetts." LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (1857.) 600 vols. Organized in 1821. The first appropriation for books was of $40, in 1856. Addition to the library during 1856, 90 volumes. About onethird of the books are lent, on an average, to the patients. 150 volumes of Lardner's Cyclopedia are seldom read by the patients, for whose benefit the library is designed. Books of light reading, novels, history, or travels, are always preferred. As the first appropriation has been made to the library, it is to be hoped it will increase with the growing prosperity of the institution. MASSACHUSETTS STATE LIBRARY. (1857.) 13,000 vols. The State Library was established by an Act of the Legislature, passed March 3d, 1826, requiring that " all books and manuscripts belonging to the Commonwealth, and now in any of the departments of the State House, shall be collected, deposited, and arranged, in proper cases, in the room in the said State House usually called the Land Office." 609 volumes are added yearly. The regular appropriation for the library has been $300 per annum, till January, 1857; hereafter $2300, with occasional extra allowances " to procure such books, manuscripts, and charts, works of science, and the arts, MASSACHUSETTS. 107 as tend to illustrate the resources and means of improvement of this Commonwealth, or of the United States." " Additions are also made annually of the statutes, legislative journals and documents, and law reports of the United States, and of the several States of the Union, received in exchange through the Secretary's department. Of such works it probably contains a more complete collection than any other library. One thousand and eighty duplicate volumes of laws, public documents, and reportsi have been deposited in the law library of Harvard University by a resolve of the legislature. " The library contains MIr. Audubon's collection of American Birds, in four large folio volumes, at an original cost of about $600. An addition was recently made of 440 volumes of French, German, and Swedish books of science, arts, history, and statistics, some of which are of great value, by international exchanges through M. Vattemare. Among them are the following works, presented by the Chamber of Deputies: Collection of Etruscan, Greek, and Roman antiquities, from the cabinet of Hon. William Hamilton, Naples, 1766; four large folio volumes, with English and French text, and 520 plates. Presented by the Minister of the Interior: Monuments of Nineveh, published by order of the Government; descriptions by P. E. Botta; designs by E. Flandin; the first ten numbers-to be continued. Presented by the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce: Statistics of France, comprising territory, population, external commerce, &c., from 1837 to 1843; nine large folio volumes. Presented by the National Library of France: The New Theatre of the World, containing maps, tables, descriptions, &c., of all regions of the globe; 1639; 3 large folio volumes. This, considering its date, is a magnificent work. The Holy Evangelists, in Arabic and Latin: printed at Rome, in the typographia of Lorenzo de Medici, 1591, large folio; the works of Euclid, in Arabic: printed at Rome, in the 16th century, folio; Acta Historica Ecclesiastica Nostri Temporis: printed at Weimar, 1741 to 1774, extremely rare, 43 volumes. Presented by the King of Sweden; History of the Kingdom of the Moors, until their expulsion in 1726, in Arabic and Latin: edited by Professor Tornberg, two volumes in one; Ancient Sweden, &c., with three volumes of plates of its provinces, cities, buildings, &c., in oblong quarto. The choicest volumes in the State library to a descendant and admirer of the Puritans, and indeed to any true son of New England, are the ancient General Court Records of Massachusetts. They are copies, in manuscript, of original papers in the archives of the Secre 108 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. tary of State, and make 34 large folio volumes. The Records commence with 1629 and extend to October, 1777, and contain the entire legislative, and much of the religious history of Massachusetts between those periods. Each volume has a copious index at its close, containing the names of persons and places, also a list of subjects spoken of, in separate columns, which facilitates reference, and greatly increases the value of these treasures of our colonial history. No books in the library are consulted more frequently or with more interest. ~ Since the first volume was transcribed, several pages have been inserted at the beginning, containing records of a still earlier date."' The Secretary of the Board of Education is, by law, made ex officio librarian, and is allowed an assistant. Two rooms in the State House are appropriated to the library; one of them is 54 feet by 22, and the other 36 feet by 25. The books are arranged in cases with glass doors, and generally according to subjects. A catalogue (43 pages Svo.) was published in 1831; another in 8vo. was printed in 1839; and one (125 pages 8vo.) was printed in 1846. Receipts during 1854, $500. Expenditures for books, $500. The public can consult books; but only officers of Government can take them out. During the session of the Legislature, the library is open from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M.; at other times from 9 A.i. to 2 P.M. 9000 volumes are in English, 1000 French, in 1855. MECHANIC APPRENTICES LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 5000 vols. This institution claims the distinction of being the first of its kind established in the world. It is due to the wise suggestion and philanthropic energy of IMr. William Wood, of Canandaigua, New York. Lord Brougham remarks, that "although the remote origin of these institutions may be traced to Franklin, Mr. Wood has the -merit of establishing them on their present plan, and adapting them peculiarly to the instruction of mechanics and apprentices. He founded the first, in Boston, in 1820." Mr. Wood has been actively engaged in the formation of libraries of a similar character in most of our large cities, and has even extended his benevolent efforts to the cities of the Old World. In his own words, " from the establishment of this library, in 1820, until now, as oppor1 Bibliotheca Sacra, January, 1850. MASSACHUSETTS. 109 tunity offered, the circulation of books, in any shape which might do good, has been the hobby of a life now drawing to a close." The name of this gentleman deserves to be held in lasting and grateful remembrance as a public benefactor. MIr. Wood's efforts to collect a library for apprentices in Boston were warmly seconded by several distinguished citizens, and about 1500 volumes were soon collected. The library was a gift from the public to the apprentices of Boston. On the 22d of February, 1820, it was formally intrusted to the guardianship of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' Association, a society of long standing and established reputation. They agreed to take upon themselves the management of the institution, on condition that they should not be chargeable with its incidental expenses. The library was accordingly opened, and the apprentices gratuitously supplied with books; the expenses being defrayed by public subscriptions. After a few years these subscriptions ceased, and the doors of the library were consequently closed. The apprentices feeling keenly this deprivation, held a meeting and agreed to take upon themselves the cares and responsibilities of the establishment, if the Association would appropriate a small amount to aid them in the undertaking. This request met with a favorable answer. The present Association of Apprentices was formed June 19, 1828; and the library committed to their entire control in 1832, by the Mechanics' Association. The Association consists entirely of apprentices to mechanics and manufacturers-of course, embracing only minors. Any young man who is an apprentice to a respectable mechanic (and learning a mechanical trade), on producing a certificate that he is worthy of confidence, paying into the treasury the sum of one dollar per year, and signing the constitution, shall be a member. The affairs of the institution have been very ably and successfully conducted by its youthful members. The Association occupies two rooms in Phillips Place, opposite the head of School Street; the one for reading and lecture-room (say 30 feet by 40), the other (say 30 feet by 15), for library and conversation room. The library.is well selected to promote the intellectual culture of the class for whom it was intended. The reading department contains the principal newspapers and periodicals of the city, and many from different parts of the country, and is in a most flourishing condition. A cabinet of minerals and curiosities has been commenced; an annual course of free lectures is supported by the institution; an elocu 110 PUBLIC LITBRARIES. tion class has been formed, the exercises of which consist in the reading of original compositions, declamation, and debate. The yearly average increase of the library is 150 volumes. A catalogue was printed in 1847, containing 68 pages 12mo. A supplement was printed in 1853, at a cost of $69 for 500 copies. During 1854, the receipts were $778 48, and expenditures $552 13. All the books are in English. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $100. The library is open three hours every Tuesday and Saturday evening. About 5000 volumes are lent out annually. MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 18,000 vols. "This was the first Mercantile Library Association formed in this country. It originated at a meeting of merchants' clerks, and others, held at the Commercial Coffee-House, corner of Battery.march and Milk Streets, Alarch 11, 1820. The meeting was numerously attended; and 1Mr. Theodore Lyman, Jr. (afterwards Mayor of Boston), was called upon to preside. "The original rules required that'one of the directors should be in the employment of a dry-goods' merchant;' and at a later date, a vote authorizing the appointment of a committee was passed with a similar proviso. "The terms of subscription were two dollars annually; and each subscriber, on becoming such, was required to present to the library' one or more volumes, either in biography, history, voyages, travels, or works relative to mercantile subjects;' a condition which was afterwards abolished, the books given being generally of a worthless character. "A room was soon after procured in Merchants' Hall, corner of Congress and Water Streets, where, on the 24th of April following, the library was formally opened. "Active exertions were now made to increase its available resources; and, before the close of a year, two hundred and twenty members were enrolled, many of the leading newspapers and magazines of the day were received, and the library numbered eleven hundred volumes. " But these flattering prospects were of short duration. The history of the institution for the next fifteen years is, with but few exceptions, a history of uninterrupted reverses. "A report made in 1829, stated that there were then but eighty-one members; that the funds were exhausted, and there were many unsettled MASSACHUSETTS. 11l demands. The investigating committee also stated that the financial aspect of the treasurer's report seemed an emphatic earnest of a process of ejectment, and a writ of attachment on books and chattels.' The following year, owing in part to donations of money from its friends among the merchants, but chiefly to an arrangement which had been entered into with the Society for' the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, whereby the members were privileged to attend the lectures of that society at one-half the usual price, affairs wore a more cheerful aspect, and the directors reported the Association out of debt, and with two hundred and thirty members. "During the next two years, however, the number of members fell off slightly; andy in 1832, but one hundred and seventy retained their membership. Again, in 1834, there occurred a critical era; for, during that year, the number of subscribers had diminished to eighty-eight, and so small was the income that only $20 had been appropriated during the year for the purchase of books. Truly, this was an unpromising state of affairs; but even more disheartening reports than these were yet to be submitted. In September of the same year, a conmmittee, appointed to investigate the affairs of the institution, reported that the whole number of members was but seventy-six; and they presented an estimated statement of the finances, by which it appeared that there would be a deficit, on the 1st of October, 1835, of $246. "In 1832, an Address to the merchants of Boston, for a second time, was prepared and published, setting forth the objects of the institution, its then reduced circumstances, and soliciting aid. As the result of this measure, small sums were given to the amount of about $150, though by far the most important was the generous donation of Mir. Amos Lawrence, from whom the directors received, in June, a friendly letter inclosing 8100. "Encouraged by Mr. Lawrence's kindness, the directors addressed him a lengthy letter of thanks in reply, in which they complained that the Society had suffered great neglect from the mercantile community. They stated, that on the opening of their new rooms, at No. 93 Washington Street (whither they had removed in December previous), invitations, personal and through the newspapers, were extended to the merchants, to visit them on three evenings set apart for the purpose, but not a merchant appeared. "Mr. Lawrence soon afterwards presented to the Library thirty-nine volumes of valuable works, one of which,'Chalmers's Discourses on 112 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Christianity, applied to the Commercial and Ordinary Affairs of Life,' he especially recommended. " In 1831, the number of directors was increased to 13;1 and, in 1834, the office of president was created. A vice-president was first chosen in 1835, and a corresponding secretary in 1844. "In October, 1833, the Association removed to 53 Washington Street; where, in 1836, the calamity of fire did great damage to the books and other property. Fortunately, however, insurance was recovered to the amount of $800; which sum was immediately applied to the replenishing of the library. A removal was soon after made to more convenient rooms in Harding's Building, School Street. "But the leading members, in these dark days, were zealous, efficient, and self-sacrificing. They signed pledges binding themselves to procure new members, or, from their own resources, pay into the treasury the amount of subscription; they made loans to the Association; they subscribed money for books; they made personal application for aid; and they not unfrequently made donations themselves. " Where so many have labored, it were difficult certainly, and perhaps invidious, to particularize; yet Sampson and MeCandish —both of whom have died beloved and respected —and Coates, and Stearns, and Atkins, and Mather, and Whipple, and Cowdin, and Hlaskell, and Allen, are names so inseparably connected with the very existence of the Society, that no historical account of it can be complete without them. "' In the year 1835, the affairs of the institution assumed a more favorable aspect. The establishment of the nucleus of a reserved fund in July of that year, and the introduction of the weekly literary exercises, in 1836, seem to have infused into it new life and spirit. The fund was started by a subscription from the lEon. Abbott Lawrence of $100, and amounted to $676. Small additions were made to it from year to year until 1845, when, immediately following the Act of Incorporation, Hon. Thomas 3[. Perkins made the Association the handsome donation of five shares in the Merchants' Exchange Company, equal to $2500; and, in January following, Ilessrs. Abbott Lawrence, William Sturgis, Nathan Appleton, John Bryant, William Appleton, Amos Lawrence, John P. Cushing, and Samuel Appleton, gave $1000 each, to be applied, at some future period, to the erection of a suitable building. These sums, together with other donations made at different times, and the excess of I By the present constitution the number is 8. MASSACHUSETTS. 113 receipts-over expenses, have been added to the fund, and the Association now holds certificates of stock to the amount of about $20,000. "The subject of connecting literary exercises with the institution was first brought forward in October, 1830; but they were not permanently established until January, 1836. It was proposed, when the matter was first agitated, to set apart the second and fourth WTednesdays of each month for this purpose; but the subject met with little favor. Many regarded them as an innovation upon the objects of the library, and urged that, if undertaken, they would not succeed. In 1836, however, their foundation was laid, by the embodiment into the Constitution of provisions for an Elocution Class. Such a class had been formed some time previous as a distinct organization; and, at its weekly meetings during the winter months, questions were discussed, original compositions read, and selections recited for improvement in declamation. Occasionally, the exercises were varied by the delivery, by some one of the members, of a written lecture. In the next year, they took the general form, which is embodied in the present By-Laws, consisting alternately of debate, composition, and declamation. " Whatever may have been the misgivings of our predecessors a generation ago, the weight of evidence now proves conclusively, that no more judicious variation from the original plan has ever been adopted; and the literary exercises are justly regarded as a most interesting and valuable means of improvement. In August, 1835, a committee was appointed to inquire into the expediency of celebrating the Fifteenth Anniversary by an address and a supper. They subsequently reported, that they deemed it expedient and proper that an address should be delivered, but discountenanced the supper. One of their resolutions cannot but be commended for its good sense and just views of the objects of the institution:' Resolved, That to celebrate our annual meetings by public entertainments is contrary to the intention of the founders of the Association, and, aside from the bad effects which it may have on its individual members,-and more especially the younger portion,-will strike a blow on its future prosperity, in the minds of the mercantile community (to whose assistance we look in hours of adversity), from which it may never recover.' The recommendations of the committee were approved of; but no memlber could be found willing to deliver the address. The next year, however, Mr. G. TW. Tyler, an honorary member, delivered an address; and the anniversaries have since been regularly celebrated. 8 114 PUBLIC LTBRARIES.'"In 1835, also, the practicability of establishing a course of public lectures was first discussed, but decided to be inexpedient. In 1838, an arrangement was entered into with J. Silk Buckingham, Esq., of England, to deliver a course of eight lectures on Egypt. These proved quite successful, and were the means of adding 124 new members; though, as lectures, they were of no pecuniary income to the Association. In 1843, the present plan was adopted; and, in October of the same year, a course was delivered at the Odeon, which resulted in a profit of $325 83. The Annual Report of the directors, prepared by Mr. Elliott C. Cowdin, the chief originator of the scheme, stated that' the enterprise had succeeded beyond the expectation of its most zealous advocates.' These courses of lectures have been continued from year to year, and have conduced, in an eminent degree, to the prosperity of the institution. In 1851, their popularity had so increased, the number of members being about 2200, that it was found necessary to establish a second course; an expedient which met with success, and has since been continued. "In September, 1841, a fourth removal was made,-this time to the Amory Hall Building, corner of West and Washington Streets; and in January, 1848, the rooms at present occupied were dedicated. The Association was incorporated in 1845. " Ten years after its formation, the library contained eighteen hundred and forty-six volumes; and, in 1833, the number was twenty-three hundred and seventy-eight. In 1844, the Association became again indebted to its generous and wise patrons, Messrs. William Sturgis, Abbott Lawrence, Nathan Appleton, William Appleton, John P. Cushing, John Bryant, David Sears, William Lawrence, Robert G. Shaw, and Amos Lawrence, who each subscribed $100, to be expended in the purchase of books. This was followed by the munificent donation of $500, from the late Hon. Daniel Webster, in behalf of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, of which he was President, to be invested in the same manner. These sums were judiciously expended, and in 1848 the library contained about six thousand volumes. Since that time, by means of increased resources, the income from the fund, and the profits of the lectures, large additions have been made. The circulation of books, especially within the last few years, has been larger probably than that of any similar library in the country. In 1853, it reached eighty-one thousand volumes. (During five months, ending lMASSACHUSETTS. ].15 June 1st, 1856, 40,000 volumes were taken out, at the rate of 96,000 a year.) " The design of making the reading-room an attractive place of resort, has been steadily kept in view. At its very commencement, it received, gratis, the leading Boston newspapers; and these generous contributions have been' continued to the present time. Now, the principal reviews and periodicals; and more than a hundred newspapers, daily invite the perusal of its members. "In December, 1850, the rooms were opened from I to 10 o'clock P.M., instead of during the evening only, as had hitherto been the practice; and the services of a permanent librarian were secured. In July, 1852, the reading-room was made accessible during the entire day and evening." — Report of Association, 1854. Number of volumes in 1852, 11,451; 1853, 13,626; 1854, 15,275; 1855, 16,867; 1857, 18,000. The yearly increase of volumes is 1500. The cost of support during 1856, $9174. During the last five years 87100 have been expended for books. The number of members in June, 1856, was 2667. A catalogue was printed in 1854, 8vo., 294 pages, cost $1736 26 for 3000 copies, including binding of 800 copies. The rooms are open from 7 A.M. to 10 P.M. The Association has the second story of a large building at the corner of Summer and Hawley Streets. The accommodations are ample. There are, a reading-room 44 feet by 57; a periodical room, 22 feet by 30; a conversation room, 22 feet by 30; a room for the delivery of books, 10 feet by 22; the library, 22 feet by 82; a hall with seats to accommodate 600 persons, 52 feet by 60; two committeerooms, each 10 feet by 16; a private room for the librarian, 10 feet by 11; a room for the storage of books, &c., 10 feet by 11. The dimensions are given above in the clear, and do not include the space occupied by partitions and passages. In the aggregate, there is an area of 11,000 square feet in the new rooms. The rooms are finished 20 feet in height. The walls of the hall are built with deep and heavy sunken panels. There is an entrance 8 feet in width, from Summer Street, and another entrance from Hawley Street. 116 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. MUSICAL FUND SOCIETY. The following is a list of musical works belonging to this Society: L. Von Beethoven's 9 symphonies, complete. Joseph Haydn's 13 symphonies, complete. W. A. Mozart's 12 symphonies, complete. Mendelssohn's 3 symphonies, complete. R. Schumann's 1st and 2d symphonies, complete. Kittl's 2 symphonies, complete. F. Lachner's prize symphony, complete. L. Spohr's symphony, Consecration of Sounds, complete. N. W. Gade's 4th symphony, complete. 73 overtures of various composers. 27 pieces from different operas, for full orchestra. Mendelssohn's music to Shakspeare's Midsummer Night's Dream, complete, and 12 pieces of a lighter character, by various composers. NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC AND GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 12,000 vols. Incorporated 17th of March, 1845. Its object is " to collect and preserve the genealogy and history of early New England families." Its library is mostly the fruit of donations, and comprises most of the local histories of New England. The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, published quarterly, under the auspices of the Society, is a valuable repository of facts relating to the early history of the country. More than 500 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support, $350. The library contains many curious, valuable, and interesting works. PRINCE LIBRARY. (1851.) 1800 vols. "The Old South Church (Congregational), in Boston, possesses a valuable collection of books and MSS., bequeathed to the church by Rev. Thomas Prince, one of its pastors (the learned author of'The Chronological History of New England,' &c.). Mr. Prince, while in college, in 1703, began a collection of books and public and private papers, relating to the civil and religious history of New England, to which he continued to make valuable additions for more than 50 years. It is a precious collection, containing many standard works in church history and biblical literature and theology, the works of the early MASSACHUSETTS. 117 divines of New England, and valuable pamphlets and MSS."-Bibliotheca Sacra, January, 1850. Mr. Prince's will was proved in 1758. Since that period, or nearly 100 years, this has been the public library of that church, and accessible to any person desirous of using it for literary purposes. It appears from Mr. Prince's will, that he had made a separate collection (to which he gave the name of the New England Library) of books, papers, &c., either published in New England, or pertaining to its history and public affairs. This collection he gave also to the Old South Church, on condition that it should be kept in a different apartment from the other books, and " that no person shall borrow any book or paper therefrom; but that any person whom the pastors and deacons of said church shall approve, may have access thereto." In 1814, 259 works, as they are numbered on the catalogue, belonging to this library, were deposited in the rooms of the Massachusetts Historical Society. A " Catalogue of the library of Rev. Thomas Prince, former pastor of Old South Church, presented by him to the Old South Church and Society," in 112 pages 8vo., was printed at Boston in 1846. PUBLIC LIBRARY OF THE CITY OF BOSTON. (1857.) 56,000 vols. Instituted in 1852. A munificent donation of $50,000 was made to the library, in October, 1852, by Mr. Joshua Bates, a native of Boston, but long a resident of London, the interest of which is annually to be appropriated for the purchase of books. In addition to this act of liberality, as soon as 3Mr. Bates was informed that the City Council had determined to erect a spacious fire-proof building, he communicated to the Mayor his intention to present to the city such a number of books, in the various departments of science and literature, as would enable the library to commence its operations in the most satisfactory manner, as soon as the new building should be completed. The cost of the books thus presented had reached, in less than a year and a half, the sum of $38,893, and it is probable the aggregate value of this donation will equal the amount originally contributed by Mr. Bates as a permanent fund. In 1853, HIon. Jonathan Phillips gave $10,000 to the library, the income of which was to be used exclusively for the purchase of books. This donation was invested in like manner as that of Mr. Bates, and 118 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. these two donations, with that of tMr. Bigelow, of $1000, constitute a permanent fund, yielding an annual income of $3660, for the gradual increase of the library. An appropriation was made by the city, in 1855, of $9000; in 1856, $7000. The receipts during 1854-5, were $11,220. Expenditures for books, $6247 30; binding, $525 43; periodicals, $680 22; salaries, $2543 98; incidentals, $3841 14: this includes cost of catalogue and furnishing reading-room. The books were first circulated in May, 1854. All inhabitants over 21 years of age can use the library free of expense. The Trustees are a body of 7 persons, 1 of whoin is chosen from the Board of Aldermen, 1 from the Common Council, and 5 from the citizens at large. At present the members are Edward Everett, George Ticknor, John P. Bigelow, N. B. Shurtleff, W. W. G-reenough, Oliver Frost, and F. L. Washburn. During 1856, the number of books borrowed was 82,661. The average number of books issued daily was 291. The highest number in one day was 647, on the 23d of February. The greatest average per day, for one week, was 385, ih February; the smallest was 194, in October. During the year 1857, 2236 names were registered, and 2263 accounts opened in the loan books. The whole number of subscribers is now 15,092, and the number of accounts is 13,781. The number of volumes delivered to borrowers was 92,233. The average daily circulation was 320. The largest number borrowed in one day was 730, on the 24th of January, 1857. It is worthy of remark, that not a fine has been enacted or called for on account of damage to a book, caused by abuse or carelessness. "The catalogues consist of: Catalogue of Accessions, Alphabetical Card Catalogue, Alcove or Shelf Catalogue, and Printed Alphabetical Catalogue. The Catalogue of Accessions contains the name of every book received into the library, Prom its beginning, in the order of reception, with its condition at the time, its cost, if purchased, and the name of the giver, if presented. The Alphabetical Card Catalogue contains the full title, or transcript of the title page, of every book, on a separate card, with brief references on other cards, to all the names or words of the title under which it is deemed at all likely that the book will be inquired for. The Alcove Catalogue, attached to each alcove or range of shelves, contains the names of all the books in the order in which they belong on each shelf; thereby furnishing ready means of knowing, MASSACHUSETTS. 119 at any time, the exact condition of the library, in regard to books missing, &c. Copies of the Printed Alphabetical Catalogue, with abbreviated titles of books, are on the tables of the reading-room. They are interleaved, and include the name of every book which has been added to the library since the catalogue was printed. Besides these catalogues of books, there are two folio volumes containing the names (autographs) of all persons who have claimed to avail themselves of the privileges of the institution. The names are attached or subscribed to an obligation to observe the rules and regulations of the library. The books used for charging and crediting the volumes delivered or received, are arranged on a decimal plan, new and peculiar to this library, which greatly facilitates rapid and correct delivery and reception. At the re-opening of the library, on the first instant, more than 500 volumes were charged, and given out to as many different individuals, within the space of five hours, and as many more could have been given out within the same time, if applied for. There can be no doubt that, with a proper number of assistants, rightly accommodated, the plan will admit of giving out thousands of volumes in a day, if occasion therefor should ever occur. For the invention, and practical application of this admirable plan, the community is indebted to Dr. Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, whose zealous and efficient endeavors to promote the interests of the institution, cannot be too highly estimated."-Report, 1856. A catalogue was printed in May, 1854, 8vo. 180 pages; cost $935 for 5000 copies. 138 periodicals are taken, costing $600 annually. It is considered particularly rich in periodical literature. In the first annual report the whole number of volumes was stated to be 10,000; in the second, 16,221; third, 22,617; fourth, 28,080 and 12,386 pamphlets. The annual increase is therefore about 6000 volumes. The alcoves are shelved for books on the decimal plan, having ten shelves in height, divided into ten spaces in length, making one hundred spaces in each alcove. The shelves are of wood, covered with a fireproof solution of glass, &c. The building cost $247,051, the land and preparation $116,582, making a total of $363,633.1 REPUBLICAN INSTITUTION. (1855.) 1000 vols. Founded in 1819. Endowed by James Lloyd, 1826. Receipts l Guild's Librarian's Manual. 120 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. during 1854, $100. All members of the institution, and of the Society of Natural History, are entitled to the free use of the library, which is open from 9 to 12 daily. During 1854, 200 volumes were lent to 100 persons. 900 volumes are in English, 100 French. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 2396 vols. Founded December, 1851. Incorporated March 30, 1852. Membership, $1 per annum. The library in Tremont Temple is open every day from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M. In the fall of 1851, a correspondent of the "Watchman and Reflector," a religious paper of Boston, wrote an account of a visit to the rooms of the London Young Men's Christian Association, and gave a brief sketch of what it was doing. It attracted the attention of several young men, and they resolved to form a similar organization. On the evening of December 15th, 1851, thirty-two young men, representing about twenty churches of different denominations, met to consider the matter. Charles Demond was chairman, and Henry L. Chase, secretary. A Constitution was adopted December 29; officers elected January 5th, 1852; and the first Board of Managers chosen on the 10th of January, 1852. A catalogue was printed in 1857, 8vo., 64 pages; 1000 copies for $121. The salary of the librarian is $600; assistant, $156. About 200 volumes are added annually. The cost of supporting the library and reading-room is $3000. During the last five years about $425 have been expended for books. The receipts for 1855-'56, were $3366 35, and expenditures, $3297 75. Receipts for the year ending May 30th, 1857, $4003 79. Expenses, $3995 97. The works in the library, 1857, are thus classified-: anecdotes and tales, 170 volumes; science and natural history, 143; biblical, 107; biographical, 371; geography, voyages, and travels, 209; history, 296; lectures and sermons, 111; magazines and reviews, 245; poetical and dramatic, 48; public documents, 89; miscellaneous, 626; total, 2415. 10 daily, 47 weekly, 7 monthly papers, and 31 magazines and reviews are taken. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN UNION. (1857.) 2083 vols. This society was organized in 1851, and incorporated in 1852. "Its purpose is to aid, elevate, and improve the young men of the city, who MASSACHUSETTS. 121 are clerks, mechanics, or apprentices, living, for the most part, in boarding-houses, and without the comforts, interests, or influences of a home. The rooms of the Union are at No. 6 Bedford Street. They are open every evening,-well lighted and cheerful; and are supplied with newspapers, magazines, reviews, and other periodical literature. The library numbers about 1600 volumes of standard works. To these rooms members resort every evening for reading or for conversation. The average daily attendance is about 40. During the winter months meetings are held at the rooms on alternate Thursdays for declamation, and the reading of original essays, &c., and for debate; and, on every other Tuesday, a social religious meeting. These meetings, during the past winter, have been conducted with great spirit, and fully attended. They are open to all members of the Union, and to their friends,-ladies as well as gentlemen. "Besides these meetings, lectures by the members, addresses from clergymen on religious matters, and from other friends of the society, are from time to time delivered at the rooms of the Union. During every winter, since its organization, a course of lectures upon church history has been maintained with great success in various churches of the city, upon Sunday evenings, under the direction of the Union; and the most eminent clergymen of all denominations have freely lent their aid in its support." The Union requires no sectarian test as a qualification for membership, and is mainly composed of Unitarians. The number of members at present is about 600. Receipts during 1853, $2454 65; 1854, $2438 61; 1855, $1257 47; 1856, $1877 02; 1857, $1362 37. Expenditures during 1853, $1849 42; 1854, $1818 51; 1855, $1032 73; 1856, $1601 84; 1857, $1231 73. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $147 12. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 152. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, about 3000. BRIDGEWATER. BRIDGEWATER NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. (1855.) 525 vols. Founded May, 1853. Members pay $2 entrance fee, and $2 annually. Subscribers to the library pay 50 cents per quarter. It is open on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons and evenings. During 1854, 450 vo 122 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. lumes were lent to 65 persons. A catalogue was printed in January, 1856, 16 pages, cost $19 for 400 copies. CAMBRIDGE. HARVARD COLLEGE. (1857.) 72,000 vols. Historical Sketch.-On the 24th of January, 1764, in a stormy winter's night during the college vacation, Harvard Hall, containing the library of more than 5000 volumes, the philosophical apparatus, and all the little collections of objects of interest belonging to the College, was destroyed by fire. " Thus perished the valuable books given by John Harvard, Sir Kenelm Digby, Sir John Maynard, Dr. Lightfoot, Dr. Gale, Bishop Berkeley, and other distinguished benefactors; the books and pamphlets connected with the early history of New England, the precious, though scanty, accumulations of a hundred and twenty-six years-a loss which, in those days, must have seemed appalling, and which the historian, the antiquary, and the bibliographer can never cease to deplore." The State legislature was in session. Indeed, at the time of the calamity, Harvard Hall was occupied by them in consequence of the alarm excited by the existence of the small-pox in Boston. At the instigation of Governor Bernard, they immediately appropriated ~2000 to erect a new building in place of that which had been destroyed while occupied by them. A general subscription was made for the same purpose among the towns and counties of the State, amounting to ~878 16s. 9d.' A generous sympathy was shown by many persons in the parent country. The subscription of Thomas Hollis, for the new building, was ~200. The friends of the institution manifested not less zeal and liberality in supplying the new hall with books. The General Assembly of New Hampshire gave books to the value of ~300 sterling. The Society for Propagating the Gospel in New England and adjacent parts, gave ~200 sterling, and the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts, gave ~100 for the library. In 1790, the library had increased to 12,000 volumes; in 1830, to 30,000. It is almost entirely the fruit of individual munificence. First among its distinguished benefactors I See Sketch of the History of Harvard College, by Samuel A. Eliot, Boston, 1848. MASSACHUSETTS. 123 stands the name of Thomas Hollis, a wealthy Baptist, of London, whose "deeds of peace" entitle him to our warmest respect and gratitude. The books which, during the first ten years of the present library, he placed upon its shelves, were very numerous,' admirably chosen, and many of them elegantly bound, and containing curious and interesting notes in his own handwriting. At his decease, in 1774, he bequeathed to the College a sum of money which now constitutes a fihnd of $3000, the interest of which is laid out in the purchase of books. In a note in Giggeius's Thesaurus Linguva-Arabicme, he states that he has " been particularly industrious in collecting grammars and lexicons of the Oriental r9oot languages, to send to Harvard College, in hopes of forming by that means, assisted by t:he energy of the leaders, always beneficent, a few prime scholars, honors to their country and lights to mankind." Thomas Brand Hollis gave to the library many excellent books, and at his decease, in 1806, one hundred pounds sterling. Hon. John Hancock, in pursuance of the known intention of his uncle, Thomas Hancock, whose estate he inherited, presented to the library, in 1767, ~554 sterling. He gave for himself, also, "a large collection of chosen authors." Thomas Palmer, of Boston, in 1772, presented the Antiquities of Herculanaum, and Piranesi's Views of Rome, in twenty folio volumes; and at his decease, in 1820, bequeathed his library of nearly 1200 "choice and costly volumes," valued at $2500. Samuel Shapleigh, librarian of the University, in 1801, gave a piece of land and the residue of his estate for the increase of the library. The sum obtained from this bequest was $3000, the interest of which is applied to the purchase of books in modern literature. Israel Thorndike, of Boston, purchased and presented, in the year 1 818, the celebrated library of Professor Ebeling, of Hamburgh, containing 3200 volumes of works mostly relating to America, and a collection of 10,000 maps and charts, "probably unrivalled by any other collection of the kind in the world." The whole cost $6500. In 1823, Samuel A. Eliot, of Boston, purchased and presented the valuable collection of books relating to America, of D. B. Warden, consisting of 1200 volumes, besides maps, prints, and charts," costing $5000. The " Boyleston Medical Library," of more than 1100 volumes, was presented by Ward Nicholas Boyleston. The I The arrivals of 43 "cases" are noted on the records at different intervals during this period. 2 Mr. Warden subsequently made a second collection, which was bought by the State Library of New York. 124 PUBLIC LI!BRARIES. sumn of $2000, given to the University, in 1825, by Hon. Peter O. Thacher, "from a fund left him in trust by the late William Breed, Esq., of Boston," was applied by the corporation to the purchase of books for the library. The Hon. Christopher Gore, who had previously enriched the law library by frequent and valuable donations, at his death, in 1831, left by will to the College the residue of his estate, of which $38,000 are reserved for annuities bequeathed by him. The whole ultimately receivable by the College amounts to $94,888. From this fund Gore Hall, the present library building, has been erected. In 1842, the sum of $21,008 was subscribed by thirty-four gentlemen in Boston and vicinity, for the purchase of books; not as a permanent fund, but for use when wanted. In 1844, Horace A. Haven bequeathed, for the purchase of mathematical and astronomical works for the library, the sum of $3000. In 1845, the Hon. William Prescott bequeathed $3000, which has been expended for books on American history, topography, &c. In 1846, Hon. Thomas Grenville, of London, gave, through President Everett, ~100 for the purchase of books for the library.1 The income of the Hollis and the Shapleigh funds, to be expended for books, amounted to about $300 annually. A subscription of more than $21,000 was raised in the year 1842, by the merchants and scholars of Boston and vicinity, for the purpose of meeting the almost disreputable arrearages, in modern works, into which the library had fallen. In 1843, a bequest of $3000 for mathematical and astronomical works was made by the accomplished scholar, Horace Appleton Haven, of Portsmouth, N. H., a graduate in the class of 1842. A bequest of $3000, in the year 1844, by the Hon. William Prescott, was spent, to the gratification of his friends, in purchasing scarce old books on American history. A subscription of $1100 for improvement in the department of English Poetry, was raised by Professor Child in 1852. Some small grants were made by the corporation of the University. In all, more than $31,000 were paid for books in the quarter of a century during which Dr. Harris was librarian. Besides these, were the volumes and pamphlets given by societies, authors, editors, publishers, and other friends of the University. From all these sources about 36,000 volumes were added to the 33,000 of which the library consisted when the late librarian commenced his duties, in 1831, as successor to the laborious and lamented Benjamin Pierce. I For a full list of donations, see the Appendix to Eliot's History of Harvard College; compare also the preface to the catalogue, by Benjamin Pierce. MASSACHUSETTS. 125 The public library is kept in Gore Hall, the foundation of which was laid April 25th, 1837, and to which the books were removed July, 1841. The outer walls of the building are of rough stone (Quincy granite, or sienite), laid in regular courses, with hammered stone buttresses, towers, pinnacles, drip-stones, &c. The inner walls, columns, and' the main floor (which rests on solid brick arches), are of brick, the floor covered with hard pine boards; the other parts finished with plaster. The partitions are strengthened with iron columns concealed within them, and the roof and galleries rest on iron rafters. The whole cost, including the heating apparatus, by steam, was little short of $75,000. It is in the form of a Latin cross, the extreme length of which, externally, is 140 feet, and through the transept, 81~ feet. The interior contains a hall 112 feet long and 35 feet high, with a vaulted ceiling, supported by 20 ribbed columns. The spaces between the columns and side walls are divided by partitions into stalls or alcoves, for books above and below the gallery, which is 12 I feet from the floor. One transept is used for a reading room, and the other is divided into three apartments for books. (See Quincy's History of Harvard University, II, page 599.) The books are arranged according to subjects. A catalogue of the old library, in 102 pages 4to., was published in 1723, with the title,'"Catalogus Librorum Bibliothecoa Collegii Harvardini quod est Cantabrigim in Nova Anglia. Bost. Nov. Angl. typis B. Green." After the burning of the library, a " Selectior Catalogus in Usum Academice Alumnorum," was published, but no copy of it exists in the library. Another, "Catalogus Bibliothecm Harvardiane. Cantabrigiom, NoV. Anglorum. Bostonice, typis T. & J. Fleet, 1790," 8vo., 358 pages. The last printed catalogue is entitled: " A Catalogue of the Library of Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, 3 vols. 8vo., Camb. 1.830." This catalogue was prepared by Benjamin Pierce, then librarian. The first two volumes (952 pages) contain an alphabetical catalogue. The third volume (223 pages) contains a systematic index, in the five classes: theology, jurisprudence, arts and sciences, belles-lettres, history; with a sixth division, comprising works relating to America. Each class has nmuerous subdivisions. As a fourth volume, was published 6"A Catalogue of the Maps and Charts in the Library of Harvard University, 8vo., Camb. 131;" 322 pagres; also prepared by Mr. Pierce. 126 PUBLIC LIBRARIES A "First Supplement" to the catalogue, prepaired by the present librarian, was published in 1834 (260 pages 8vo.), containing the additions to the library up to September 1st, 1833. All officers and students of the University, officers of the State government, and members of the Legislature, clergymen of all denominations living within ten miles of the library, benefactors to the library to the amount of $40 during their residence in Cambridge, and all persons temporarily residing in Cambridge for purposes of study, may borrow books from the library, under certain conditions prescribed in the laws. " A ready admittance, and the requisite information and facilities for examining and consulting the works, are afforded to all visitors. The privileges granted to individuals are not exceeded by those enjoyed at any other institution of a similar kind, and are believed to be in all respects as great as a due regard to general accommodation and to the preservation of the books would permit." —Prefcce to Catalcoue. A small sum is assessed on the students for the use of the library. All other persons are allowed to take out books without charge. The library is very much used for the purpose of consultation, not only by persons who are entitled to borrow books, but by others. The books have not suffered much by insects. The injury has been confined mostly to old books, infested before they came to the library, and to some others which were kept in closed cabinets. " The recent loss of two of the citizens of Boston, has been the occasion of greatly enriching the literary and scientific resources of Harvard University. Francis C. Gray, Esq., one of the accomplished sons of her own liberal culture, just deceased in the midst of life, has bequeathed to that institution $66,000, beside the richest and costliest private collection of engravings, probably, in the country —a department of art in which he has long been known to be a diligent seeker and a distinguished connoisseur. $16,000 are appropriated to the perpetual care of this collection. $50,000 are devoted to the establishment of a Museum of Natural History. Another splendid bestowment is from Dr. Henry Wales, a fastidious young man of taste and travel, with a passion for buying rare and elegant books in his lifetime, and a grateful disposition to hand them over to his alma mater at his early death. Probably no single donation to the Harvard library has been so munificent. There are about 1400 volumes, in beautiful typography, and costly bindings of vellum and gold; among them, numerous and magnificent editions of the Italian poets, Latin classics, modern Greek and German authors, MASSACHUSETTS. 127 specimens of the Romaic literature, works of superb illustration, like Canini's Roman Buildings, and Inghirami's Etruscan Monuments, and Gerhard's Mirrors, and others illustrative of the ancient letters and poetry of the East, with a sprinkling of Spanish and Portuguese. Many of these are from the celebrated press of Bodoni of Parma. Dr. Wales caused as many of his books as possible to be bound to order, in the several countries that produced them, in the best style of the masters of their craft. These countries he visited in person, having been abroad three times, and dying, last June, in Paris. He graduated at Cambridge in 1838; prepared himself for the medical profession, but never practised; and studied Sanskrit nearly three years, at Berlin, with Professor Bopp. This, indeed, was his favorite pursuit; and he gave the final proof of his attachment to that most ancient of languages, by leaving $40,000 for the foundation, after a time, of a chair of instruction in the Sanskrit literature at Cambridge."-(New Yorbk pacer.) The Law library was commenced by the purchase of the valuable collection of Judge Story. Itis in the building erected for the law school. It contains about 14,000 volumes-having cost, excluding large donations, more than $35,000. "-It includes all the American reports, and the statutes of the United States, as well as those of all the States, a regular series of all the English reports, including the Year Books, and also the English statutes, as well as the principal treatises in American and English law, besides a large collection of Scotch, French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, and other foreign law, and a very ample collection of the best editions of the Roman or civil law, together with the works of the most celebrated commentators upon that law." " This library is one of the largest and most valuable relating to law to be found in the country. As an aid to study it cannot be estimated too highly. Here the student may range at will through all the demesnes of jurisprudence. Here he may acquire a knowledge of the books of his profession; learning their true character and value, which will be of incalculable service to him in his future labors. Whoso knows how to use a library, possesses the very keys of knowledge. Next to knowing the law, is knowing where the law is to be found." The library is open for the use of students during the term, and those who desire it pursue their studies there, especially in the preparation of their moot-court cases. Several catalogues of the library have been published; one (not, we believe, the first) was in 80 pages 8vo., 1833; a supplement (16 pages 128 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 8vo.) contained the books bequeathed to the library by Hon. Samuel Livermore, of Portsmouth, N. H. A general catalogue of the library was published in 1834 (228 pages 8vo.). This excellent catalogue, prepared by Charles Sumner) Esq., is alphabetical, with a systematic index. The preface contains an interesting sketch of the history of the library. The fourth edition, with the additions, was printed in 1846, in 354 pages 8vo.' The Theological library is in Divinity Hall. Persons entitled to its privileges must be connected with the Divinity School. The books consist of valuable select works, principally in modern theology, with some of the early fathers in the original. Means have been recently devised to add to the library valuable modern works in theology and morals, as they are published. An important accession has been made to the theological library, by the purchase of the library of the late Professor Liicke, of Gdttingen, comprising upwards of 4000 volumes. It includes Greek and Latin classics, editions of the Fathers, and historical and philosophical works; but it is especially rich in the recent German contributions to dogmatic and exegetical theology. The whole expense has been defrayed by subscriptions, among the friends of the School,-twelve hundred dollars, the original cost of the library, having been contributed by Colonel Benjamin Loring. In acknowledgment of this liberality, the collection, being deposited in'a separate apartment of Divinity Hall, will bear his name.'"The Medical library is in the Medical College in Boston. It is placed there for the convenience of students attending the medical lectures. It contains all the elementary works which are the most important and the most used by students. Besides these, it has the writings of the early Greek and Latin medical fathers, and the works of the later medical classics; and, with the latter, it contains numerous valuable modern works." The following extract is from the report of Hon. E. Washburn to the overseers of Harvard University, January 29th, 1857: "In judging of the library and its wants and deficiencies, your committee would not be so unreasonable as to institute a comparison between the number of volumes it contains, and those of the principal libraries in the Old World. " We may never hope to rival, if, indeed, it were desirable to do so, the accumulations which royal munificence or governmental bounty may have gathered in a long course of years. MASSACHUSETTS. 129 " Nor should we count a library as intrinsically of little value because it failed to approximate to those of Paris, or Munich, or Petersburg, or the British Museum. It may, from the character of the works it contains, and the wants it is designed to supply, be everything that could be desired in one state of things, though wholly inadequate and unsatisfactory in another. "The intrinsic value and distinguished character of many of the works of which the University library is composed, as well as the munificence of its private contributors, need no encomiums from your committee. "But while they would do justice to these, they would do injustice to the subject, if they were unmindful of the wants that are still to be supplied. " The library is not designed for a school of mere elementary instruction. If it were, there are already more books upon its shelves than could be profitably made use of for such a purpose. " The public have a right to regard it as a University, —and not only so, but as an institution almost coeval with the Commonwealth itself, and always treated in some respects as an institution belonging to the State.' The library is open six hours on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays, and four hours on Fridays. The salary of the librarian is $1300; assistant librarian, $1200; janitor, $420. The total number of volumes connected with all the libraries is (1857) 112,000, (1858) 114,500. INSTITUTE OF 1770 (HARVARD COLLEGE). (1855.) 2800 vols. Founded in 1770, as a debating club, and is the oldest society of students of Harvard College. The library was founded in 1796. The receipts during 1854 were $150; expenditures for books, $120; binding, $20; incidentals, $10. Members of the three upper classes in the College are entitled to use the library. It is open one hour every day. The books are classified by subjects. 1000 volumes were lent during 1854 to 96 persons. 2750 volumes are in English, 25 French, 15 La-tin, 10 Greek. 9 130 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. PORCELLIAN CLUB (HARVARD COLLEGE). (1855.) 5000 vols, Founded in 1791, by Mr. Joseph McKean. The library is entirely dependent upon the voluntary donations of the members. Receipts during 1854, $88; expenditures for books, $300; binding, $125; periodicals, $50; incidentals, $85. "Immediate and honorary members of the Club are entitled to the use of the library, though the books are occasionally lent to others." The books are arranged by subjects. The library is open at all times, except during the annual examination. About 1000 volumes were lent, during 1854, to 30 persons. 4500 volumes are in English; in other languages, 500. A catalogue, 120 pages 8vo., was printed in May, 1854. The Porcellian Club is a convivial and literary club of many years' standing. Considerable annual additions from the periodical and other current literature are made to its library, which is the largest society library connected with the University, and contains a large number of valuable editions. HASTY PUDDING CLUB (HARVARD COLLEGE). (1855.) 4500 vols. Founded in 1795. The library was formed in 1808. The books are classified by subjects, and are accessible every day to members. During 1854, 8000 volumes were lent to 100 persons. 4000 volumes are in English, 50 in French, 60 German, 30 Spanish, 70 other modern languages, 250 Latin, 40 Greek. The annual increase is now about 300 volumes, —the additions being made, at present, solely by the donations of the members. The intention of the library is to give to the members of the club those facilities for reference and relaxation which are ordinarily afforded by a gentleman's private library. A catalogue was printed in 1838. ALPHA DELTA PHI SOCIETY. (1852.) 300 vols. Founded in 1837. The library consists principally of sets of important periodicals. RUMFORD SOCIETY. Founded 16th November, 1848. This society was so called in honor MASSACHUSETTS. 131 of Count Rumford, who, at his death, in 1814, bequeathed a handsome sum of money to Harvard College. A library has been commenced. PHI BETA KAPPA SOCIETY (HARVARD COLLEGE). By vote of the Society, in July, 1855, it was decided to discontinue the library, and divide the books between the other larger society libraries of the College. There were about 400 volumes thus distributed. HARVARD NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Founded 4th MIay, 1837. The library is small but valuable. CAMBRIDGE HIGH SCHOOL. (1857.) 1700 vols. " The library of the Cambridge High School owes its origin partly to the liberality of a private individual, and partly to encouragement afforded by the Legislature of the State of Massachusetts. The nature of this encouragement may be learned from the following resolve, which was approved Mlarch 7th, 1843. "'Resolved, That the provisions of the resolve of March 3d, 1842, concerning school-district libraries, be and the same are hereby extended to every city and town in the Commonwealth, not heretofore divided into school districts, in such manner as to give as many times $15 to every such city or town as the number 60 is contained, exclusive of fractions, in the number of children between the ages of,4 and 16 years in said city or town; provided, evidence be produced to the treasurer, in behalf of said city or town, of its having raised and appropriated, for the establishment of libraries, a sum equal to that which, by the provision of this resolve, it is entitled to receive from the school-fund.' "The School Committee of Cambridge, in their Report for the year 1843, recommended to the town to raise the sum necessary to authorize it to draw an equal amount from the State Treasury. This recommendation was not adopted. But, in the spring of 1850, the present master of the High School, Mr. Elbridge Smith, generously offered to place at the disposal of the City Council, a number of suitable books, selected from his private library, of sufficient value to enable the city to avail 132 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. itself of the patronage of the State. The offer was accepted. The books presented to the City Council were appropriated to the High School, and an order was drawn by the Mayor on the State Treasurer, to the amount of 8825. This money was expended for the purchase of books, under the direction of the School Committee. "The value of the library at its commencement, it thus appears, was $1650. Since that time, considerable additions have been made. Several hundred volumes have been given by Mr. Smith, and valuable donations of books have been received from other individuals, among whom may be mentioned, the Hon. Edward Everett, George Livermore, Esq., Prof. Benjamin Pierce, Prof. C. C. Felton, Prof. Henry W. Longfellow, the Rev. George R. Noyes, D.D., John Sargent, Esq., Charles Folsom, Esq., John E. lHorr, Esq., Zelotes Hosmer, Esq., and Master William Everett. The city has appropriated $75 for the purchase of books and for binding, and has procured a bookcase at an expense of $115. The present value of the library, which now contains about 1600 volumes, may be estimated at not far from $2400." —Cctalogue. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $157 831. About 200 books have been added since 1851. The number of volumes taken out from September, 1856, to September, 1857, was 1390. The following remarks are made by Ezra Abbott, Jr., Esq., in the preface to a catalogue to the library: " A good alphabetical catalogue of a library will be entirely satisfactory to one who knows all the books which may be useful or interesting to him, and who, accordingly, wishes simply to ascertain whether certain works are to be found in it. But, as such extensive bibliographical knowledge was hardly to be presupposed in the members of the Cambridge High School, I could not doubt that for them, at least, a classed catalogue, one which should guide them to the sources of information on particular subjects, would be far more valuable. It is hoped that the use of such a catalogue may promote the formation of those habits of investigation and research, which are essential to success in the pursuit of truth,-without which, even genius may only mislead and bewilder its possessor. When the curiosity of the student is excited, it is most desirable that he should have every facility for pursuing the inquiries to which he is led, that he may thus be encouraged to examine and think for himself. "One who has become acquainted with the books of a well-selected MASSACHIUSETTS. 133 library of one or two thousand volumes, and has learnred how to turn then to account, will find this knowledge and experience of very great service to hinm, should he afterwards have access to larger collections. And if the classification adopted be not unnatural and arbitrary, the use of a classed catalogue, and the habit to which it leads of referring books to their proper place, in a systematic arrangement of the different departments of literature, cannot be without value as a means of mental discipline. It may be, also, that, to those who are just beginning to traverse the vast fields of literature and science, a survey, as if from some eminence, of the territory that lies before them, will enable them to understand better the relations of its different parts to each other, will give them new conceptions of the varied objects of interest which it presents, and animate them to press cheerfully through the somewhat tangled and thorny paths by which it is to be entered. " The classification, here adopted, may be seen in the synopsis prefixed to the catalogue. It is necessarily imperfect. The different branches of human knowledge are so intimately connected, that no scheme of classification can be devised, in which the several classes will not run into each other; and in the practical application of any system, it will be found that some books belong equally to two or more different divisions. When such is the case with respect to any work, its title has usually been recorded in full under only one of these divisions, and briefly noticed under the others, with a reference to the complete entry. The affinities between different classes have often been pointed out by notes, which will also, it is hoped, aid the student who wishes to find what the library contains on a particular subject.'4 The Alphabetical Index, at the end of the volume, will show at once whether a particular work belongs to the library. "In each class, the titles of the works belonging to it are entered alphabetically under their authors' names, when these are known; or, in the case of anonymous publications, whose authors are not ascertained, under the first word of the title, not an article or a preposition. Pseudonymous works, if the true name of the author is not known, are entered under the assumed name. Care has been taken to make such references from the most important words in the title, and from the assumed name, as will enable one readily to find the entry of any anonymous or pseudonymous work which is placed under the name of its author. There is one important exception to the rule given above. In Class XXIV, Part II (Individual Biography), the names of the subjects, 134 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. not the authors, of the works contained in it, are prefixed to their titles; and, as the authors' names all appear in the index, it has not been thought necessary to make cross-references from them in this Part. " Works published by any organized society, using the term in its most comprehensive sense, if the production of its officers or agents in their official capacity, and also if anonymous or polyonymous (that is, bearing the names of several authors), are entered under the name of the society. The first word of that name, not an article, is made the leading word in the heading. This rule is intended to include documents published by national, municipal, and other governments. In cases not comprehended in the preceding statement, if the author's name is prefixed to a work published by a society, the work is entered under his name. All the works, however, published by a society are noticed under its name in the index. "Periodical publications, except those issued by societies, are entered under the first word of their titles, not an article, with cross-references from the names of editors, and from other words under which they might naturally be looked for. " Collections embracing the works of several authors under a general title, except such as may be included in the two preceding rules, are entered under the name of the editor. If the editor's name does not appear, such a collection is treated as an anonymous work, unless the authors' names are given on the title-page, in which case it is catalogued under the first of these. " When any work forming part of a collection has an independent titlepage and pagination, it is also catalogued separately under the class to which it belongs, its place in the collection, however, being indicated by a reference within parentheses, at the end of the title. "In accordance with the spirit of this rule, though it is not strictly required by its letter, the tracts composing Chambers's'Miscellany,''Papers for the People,' and'Repository of Instructive and Amusing Papers,' have all been classed and entered as distinct works. There was a special reason for doing this in the present catalogue, as these tracts are admirably adapted to the wants of those for whose use it is chiefly intended. They were all, it is also to be observed, originally printed and paged independently. " In like manner, the titles of the various treatises contained in the first thirteen volumes of the Encyclopmdia Metropolitana, with the exception of some anonymous portions of the first volume, have been inserted in MASSACHUSETTS. 135 their proper places in the catalogue -under the names of their authors. The articles in these volumes are not arranged alphabetically, as they are in the remainder of the work, and many of them have been published independently. "A similar course has been pursued in respect to the different works which are comprised in the four volumes entitled'Natural Philosophy,' published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. "' In some instances, a reference has been made under the proper class to a particular treatise of especial interest or importance included in the collected writings of an author, which are entered under a different class. "All the more important biographical collections, not alphabetical, which belong to the library, have been analyzed; that is to say, references are made to the biographical sketches contained in them, under the names of those to whom they relate. This course has been pursued with the thirty-one volumes of Lardner's'Cabinet Cyclopcdia,' which are devoted to biography, Sparks's'Library of American Biography,' twenty-five volumes; Belknap's'American Biography,' Brougham's'Historical Sketches of Statesmen, and his' Lives of Men of Letters and Science,' Mrs. Jameson's'Memoirs of Celebrated Female Sovereigns,''St. John's Lives of Celebrated Travellers,' and many other collections. 1" In some cases it has appeared advisable to specify the contents of particular works. "Some explanations may now be given respecting the headings of the titles, or the words which determine their place in the alphabetical arrangement. These consist, for the most part, of the surnames of authors, which, as well as their Christian names, appear in the vernacular form. There are a few exceptions to this rule. The works and biographies of canonized persons, as Thomas Aquinas, are entered under their Christian names. Sovereigns are also designated by their Christian names, in the form in which they are commonly written in English. The names of ancient Greek authors, of the fathers of the Church, and of authors of the Middle Ages who wrote wholly in Latin, with a few others, as Confucius, Copernicus, Grotius, are given in their Latin form. "In respect to surnames with prefixes, the following rules have been observed. In English names, the prefix is treated as a part of the surname. Accordingly, in the alphabetical series, De Morgan and D'Israeli are placed under D. In all other languages, except the French, sur. 136 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. names are entered under the letter following the prefix; as, Von Humboldt, under H; Las Casas, under C; Della Valle, under V. In French, also, this rule applies to names preceded by the preposition de; thus, De Monts is placed under M. French surnames preceded by Le, La, L', are entered under L, as Le Vaillant, La Fontaine, L'Epee; if preceded by Du or Des, under D, as Du Bois, Des Cartes, more commonly written Dubois, Descartes. " Compound surnames, except English, are generally entered under the first part of the name, as Calderon de la Barea, Cubi i Soler, Merle d'Aubigne, Simonde de Sismondi. But it has not been thought expedient to put Fenelon under Salignac, though the rule has been carried to this extent by Lelong, in that monument of bibliographical industry and skill, the'Bibliotheque iistorique de la France.' "The works and biographies of English noblemen and ecclesiastical dignitaries are catalogued under their family names, not their titles, even though they may be more generally known by the latter. * The Duke of MIarlborough accordingly appears under Churchill, Lord Chatham under Pitt, and Lord Mahon under. Stanhope. There can be little doubt that this is the best rule for English names, and perhaps it should be made universal, as it is in the new catalogue of the British Museumn, and by Professor Jewett. But partly from a doubt of the expediency of putting Buffon under Leclerc, Condorcet under Caritat, Lacepede under La Ville, Mirabeau under Riquetti, Richelieu under Du Plessis, Madame de Genlis under Duecrest de Saint-Aubin, and, as would seem to be required, Lafayette under Motier, to give no more examples, —and partly from the impossibility of determining with confidence, in some cases, whether a particular name is to be regarded as a family name or only as part of a title, -I have enrolled all noblemen, except British, under their titular appellations. This accords with the general usage in French and German biographical and bibliographical works. The necessary cross-references have been made from name to title, and vice ves&a. 1" Family names and prefixes to them, which, for any reason, do not stand in the heading of the title as a part of the surname, but are placed after it in a parenthesis, with the Christian name, are printed in small capitals. This rule includes the case of names changed by the assumption of a new surname, when the original name is also retained; as, Sigourney (Mrs. Lydia Huntley); Tooke (John Horne). The maiden name of a married woman, if not known to be retained, is likewise printed in small capitals, but in brackets. The works of an author MASSACHUSETTS. 137 whose name has been changed are all entered under his last adopted name, with the necessary cross-references. " Some persons who have two or more Christian names are generally designated by only one of them, and no more than this may appear on the title-pages of their works. In such instances, this name is distinguished by being printed in spaced letters. When the initial only is used, as in cross-references and in the index, it is italicized. "The heading of a title is inclosed in brackets when it does not appear in any form on the title-page.'"In transcribing titles, no alteration has been intentionally made in the language of the author, and even the orthography and punctuation have been scrupulously preserved. The following abbreviations have, however, been used:' ed.' for' edition,' lst,'2d,''3d,' &c., for'first,''second,' third,' in designating the number of the edition; and, not unfrequently, the initial only of a name is given in the title, when that name appears in full in the heading. I now, however, doubt the expediency of this use of initials. " In works consisting of several volumes, it occasionally happens that their titles differ. Such differences are sometimes pointed out in a note. More frequently, after giving the title of the first volume, it has been found convenient to add the peculiarities in the titles of others, indicating the transition from the title of one volume to another by the sign I. " For illustrations of the course which has been pursued in the case of volumes with double titles, one general and the other special, or one engraved and the other printed, differing from each other, see Butler) Chalmers, Ware, Ewbank.'" Additions to a title are inclosed in brackets; any omission, except of the mere designation of the author's name when that appears in the heading, is denoted by three dots.. "The abbreviation, n. d. is used for'no date.' It must be mentioned, that no reliance can be placed on the date of stereotyped books printed in this country, as affording evidence of the time of their publication. The common booksellers' trick of affixing false dates to the works which they issue, with the view of promoting their sale, and, especially, of postdating them by three or four months, if published so near the end of the year, is to be reprobated as a falsification of literary history, with which all other history is so intimately connected. "In accordance with general usage, the terms folio, quarto, octavoe, &c., 138 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. or rather their abbreviations, have been used in designating the form of books. They denote, as every one knows, the number of leaves into which the printed sheet is folded. But this is what the best bibliographer cannot always determine, without knowing the size of the sheet. The signatures often fail him, because they may be the same in several different forms; for example, they are eight leaves apart in an ordinary 8vo. and in a 16mo. printed in half-sheets; six leaves apart in a duodecimo printed in half-sheets and in a common 18mo. All that can be stated with certainty is the number of leaves intervening between the successive signatures. In the more doubtful cases, I have added this, within parentheses, after the ordinary designation of form, which, in general, is only given as probable. " It must be distinctly understood that the terms folio, quarto, &c., afford very little indication of the actual size of a book. A large duodecimo may be twice the size of a post octavo. If it is the purpose of the cataloguer to state the size, the only satisfactory mode is that recommended by Professor Jewett, namely, to give the measurement of the full printed page in inches and tenths of inches. " Another point must be noticed. Many stereotyped books have two sets of signatures, one usually consisting of letters, the other of Arabic figures,-in order that they may be printed in different forms, at the pleasure of the publisher. Thus there happen to be in the High School library two copies of Keightley's History of Rome, one printed at Boston, in 1839, as an octavo, the other printed at New York, in 1848, from the same stereotype plates, as a duodecimo. It has, accordingly, two sets of signatures, in one of which they occur at intervals of four, in the other of six leaves. Examples of a similar kind are numerous. They are noted in the catalogue by the abbreviations'4. and 6.''8. and 6.,' and the like, within parentheses, immediately following the designation of form. " In other cases the signatures succeed each other at intervals, it may be, of eight and four, or twelve and six leaves, alternately. This is indicated in the catalogue by the abbreviations' 8. 4.,''12. 6.,' &c. " In works consisting of but a single volume, the number of pages is stated as it is noted in the book, if less than 100 or more than 600. The sign + is added when the volume contains several pages not numbered, and therefore not taken into account. A" In two or three classes a different course would have been pursued MASSACHUSETTS. 139 had not the number of volumes belonging to them been so small as to make it hardly expedient. In a classed catalogue of a more extensive library, it would be of great advantage if, under the heads of'Voyages and Travels,' and of' Geography,' the names of the countries, &c., to which the works contained in these classes relate; should appear in their alphabetical order, as in a geographical dictionary, with references to the works in the library descriptive of each. Thus, in the present catalogue, under Class XXIII, we might have the entry:'ITALY. See Goethe (J. W. Von); Morgan (Lady S. [O.]).' In such a case, it would be well to have the names of countries, &c., printed in a different type from that of the headings of the titles."- Catalogue. CAMBRIDGEPORT. CAMBRIDGEPORT PARISH LIBRARY. (1855.) 494 vols. Founded in 1849. Receipts during 1854, $100; expenditures for books, $80 13; incidentals, $22 75. All the members of the Parish are entitled to the use of the library. The books are arranged on the shelves in the order in which they are purchased. The library is open 14 hour each Sunday. In 1854, 1022 volumes were lent to 85 persons. In the catalogue the books are arranged in alphabetical order. The last catalogue was printed November 1, 1854. FRANKLIN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1855.) 400 vols. Founded in 1848. Incorporated in 1854. This is an active and flourishing association. It holds weekly meetings for debate, &c. The library has increased slowly, almost entirely by donations. At the organization of the Society there were 12 members; in 1855 there were 80. A number of periodicals are taken. CHARLESTOWN. MISHAWUM LITERARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1000 vols. Founded September, 1851. Any person of good moral character and 140 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. above the age of 17, is eligible to membership. An entrance fee of g2 is required, and an annual assessment of $2. The library is open two evenings a week. During 1854, 1500 volumes were lent to 55 persons. There are no works in foreign languages. A catalogue of 24 pages 8vo. was printed in 1857, together with the by-laws, &c. A number of periodicals are taken. YOUNG MEN'S EVANGELICAL UNION. The Union has been obliged (1857) to give up its rooms and scatter the library. The proximity of Boston prevents a sufficient interest being taken in the organization. CHELSEA. CHELSEA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 850 vols. Founded in 1847. Annual dues, $1. 2000 books were lent during 1856, to 250 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1856; 500 copies cost $37. About 100 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $450 were expended for books. Annual cost of support, $250. All the books are in English. In case the Association is ever dissolved, the library will become the property of the town, for the use and benefit of its common schools. WINNIS1MMET LITERARY INSTITUTE. (1855.) 650 vols. Founded January, 1849. The annual fee for membership is $1. The books are arranged by size. The library is open every Monday evening. 350 books were lent during 1854, to 44 members. A catalogue was printed in 1850, 16 pages 12mo. CLINTON. BIGELOW LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 2280 vols. Founded in 1852. Stockholders and subscribers pay an annual fee of $2. The library is open 4 hours every Saturday. During 1854, 4000 volumes were lent. 2123 volumes are in English. During 1854, MASSACHUSETTS. 1.41 the receipts were $865 06; expenditures for books, $588 84; binding, $10; salaries, $50; incidentals, $92 08. About 400 volumes are added yearly. During the last 5 years, $2010 73 were expended for books. The annual cost of supporting the library is $125. The Association has erected a commodious and substantial building, sufficient in capacity and arrangement to accommodate the increase in the library for many years to come. The liberality of E. B. Bigelow, Esq., has provided for the annual addition to the library of about 400 volumes. A catalogue was printed in 1853, 42 pages; a supplement in 1854; and a second in 1855. DEERFIELD. DEERFIELD ACADEMY. (1857.) 600 vols. Incorporated in 1797. Many of the books are donations, but appropriations are made occasionally from the funds of the Academy. The trustees and scholars have the free use of the library for reference. SOCIAL LIBRARY. (1855.) 1400 vols. Founded in 1790. It is supported by a subscription of $2 annually from each member. During 1854, the receipts were $54; expenditures for books, $20; binding, $8; periodicals, $20; salaries, $4. The library is open once a week. The librarian remarks, "Books of solid literature are not much read. This is a general feature of the age." A number of periodicals are taken. DORCHESTER. DORCHESTER ANTIQUARIAN AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 480 vols. Founded January 27, 1843. Incorporated May 3, 1855. It is supported by annual assessments and voluntary contributions. The receipts during 1854, were $112; expenditures for books, $10; periodicals, $3; incidentals, $96. It is a special library, consisting of historical, statistical, biographical, and genealogical works. There are 5250 pamphlets, 15 MSS., 10 maps, 30 engravings, and 250 coins. It 142 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. is open once a week, for 3 hours. During 1854, 220 volumes were taken out by 16 persons. 70 volumes is the average, annually. 400 volumes are in English, 4 French, 2 German, 6 Latin. The Society has published three volumes of their collections. No. 1, being "The Memoirs of Roger Clapp." No. 2, " Annals of Dorchester;" by James Blake. No. 3, " The Journal of Richard Mather;" with his Life. The Society have also entered on the publication of a "History of Dorchester;" three numbers of which have already been issued. MATTAPAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1855.) 987 vols. Founded December 18, 1848. It is supported by money received for shares, which are $5 each, annual subscriptions, fines, &c. Receipts in 1854, $175 19. Expended for books, $152 44. Incidentals, $22 75. Open Saturday afternoon. About 25 persons change books every week. All the volumes are in English. Works of fiction, biography, travels, and history, are most read. DORCHESTER AND iMILTON. DORCHESTER AND MILTON CIRCULATING LIBRARY. (1855.) 1000 vols. Founded in 1838. A fair was held by the ladies, from which $1000 were realized; of which $500 were expended for books, and $500 invested in bank stock. Another fair was held, from which $600'were realized. There are about 100 subscribers, who pay $1 annually. During, 1854, the receipts were $100. Expenditures, $89 46. For books, $6. Binding, $18. Periodicals, $52. Salaries, $2. The library is open daily from 8 A.I. to 8 P.M. All the books are in English. A catalogue was printed in 1854, at a cost of $25 for 300 copies. A few periodicals are taken. FALL RIVER. FALL RIVER ATHENIEUM. (1855.) 2500 vols. Established in 1835. A warrant for the first legal meeting was issued MASSACHUSETTS. 143 by Joseph Gooding, a Justice of the Peace, dated March 31, 1835; and the meeting took place on the first Monday of April following. Several hundred dollars were raised at once on shares, the price of which was, and still is, $5 each. Stockholders pay $1 per annum.- Subscribers, $2. The receipts during 1854, were $488 43. Expenditures for books, $45 55. Binding, $11 25. Periodicals, $41 07. Salaries, $65. Incidentals, $86 15. The library is open nine hours, once a week. During 1854, 4316 volumes were lent to 83 persons. 2300 volumes are in English, a few in French and Latin, and one in Greek. A catalogue was printed in 1855, 36 pages 12mo.; 500 copies cost $67 70. During 1854, the books read were as follows: 3150 novels; 52 philosophy; 65 theology; 78 medicine; 130 scientific; 468 biography; 433 history. Eleven periodicals are taken. A few years since, the library and natural history collections were entirely destroyed by fire. The whole was then larger than at present. It was insured, but the Company failed, and nothing was recovered. There is now a beautiful building expressly for the library. The librarian receives $50 salary. ~FRANKLIN. FRANKLIN LIBRARY. "This library was presented to the town in the year 1786, by Dr. Benjamin Franklin. It consisted of 116 volumes, of a sterling character. Among these volumes are the following: Locke's Works; Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws; Blackstone's Commentaries; Newton on the Prophecies; Sydney's Works; Priestley's Institutes; Ridgeley's Works; also Hoadley's, Barron's, Hopkins's, and Erskine's Works. There are Duchal's, Price's, Stennek's, Fordyce's, Barnard's, and Emmons's Sermons; Laws of Massachusetts; Backus's History; Price on Providence and on Liberty; Addison's Evidences; Life of Cromwell, and of Doddridge; Dickinson on the Five Points; Prideaux's Connections; Cambridge Platform; Cooper on Predestination; History of the Rebellion; American Constitution; Young's Night Thoughts; Pilgrim's Progress; Spectator, &c. " We have enumerated some of the volumes, without regard to their classification, simply for a specimen. It is quite evident that Dr. Franklin selected the library in a systematic way, taking the 116 volumes from 144 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. the departments of law, religion, history, and general literature, aecordl ing to the importance he attached to them. The volumes on history are limited, while Christianity and law have their full share. Any person who is familiar with Dr. Franklin's life, will see that the library is characteristic. A man exhibits his own mental and moral proclivities in selecting a library, in some degree. So did Dr. Franklin. "We have examined the library with reference to the number of books it contains which are now out of print, so that young ministers and lawyers cannot find them for their libraries. About two-thirds of the volumes cannot now be had at the bookstores. Another class of volumes has taken their place, many of them of far less intrinsic value. "L Many of the works were very expensive at that time. It is probable that they cost three or four times as much as they would now. With the same amount of money to expend at the present time, a committee would probably purchase five or six hundred volumes. " At the time this library was presented, the town added thereto about the same number of volumes; in which were included several works by Dr. Franklin himself, and which his modesty forbade him to number in his gift. Since that time not a volume has been added, except certain public documents from the State or National Government. For some years past the library has been neglected."-(Boston Traveller, February 9th, 1858.) GREENFIELD. GREENFIELD LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 692 vols. Founded March, 1855. Any resident of the town over fourteen years of age, can become a member, by paying $1 annually. The library is open two and a half hours, three days a week; four and a half hours on Saturday. All the books are in English. $346 38 have been expended for books, during 1855-'56. The annual cost of support is $125. GROTON. LAWRENCE ACADEMY. (1855.) 3500 vols. Founded in 1793, and incorporated under the name of "Groton Academy." "It received, in 1797, frommthe Commonwealth, a grant of MASSACHUSETTS. 145 half a township in Maine, which yielded a permanent though small funicl. In consideration of the munificent donations of Messrs. William and Amos Lawrence, natives of the town of Groton, the Legislature, in 1847, gave to the institution its present name. Its endowments are already ample, and when the proceeds are fully realized, as they will be in a few years, the Academy will rest on a pecuniary basis as large, with two or three exceptions, as that of any similar institution." The library is open for an hour on W~ednesdays. 3400 volumes are in English, 50 French, 12 Spanish, 12 other modern languages, 50 Latin, 30 Greek. There are 500 pamphlets, 20 maps, and a case of medals. A catalogue was printed in 1850, 8vo. 206 pages, at a cost of $250 for 500 copies. No periodicals are taken. HAVERHILL. HAVERHILL ATHENAIEUM. (1857.) 1288 vols. Incorporated February, 1852. The receipts during 1854 — were $1068 18; 1856, 433 75. Expenditures for books during 1854, $317; 1856, $264 52. Salaries, 1854, $67 50; 1856, $52 25. Incidentals, 1854, $210 92; 1856, $29 70. Lectures, 8475. The library is open on Wednesday and Saturday evenings. During 1854, 10,735 volumes were lent to 274 persons. All the volumes are in English. A catalogue was printed in 1854, at a cost of $30 for 500 copies. Another was printed in October, 1856, 36 pages 8vo., cost $50 for 1000 copies. Yearly increase, 100 volumes. Annual cost of support, $100. During the last five years, $1012 35 have been expended for books. ESSEX NORTH DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 275 vols. Organized in 1854, by Dr. Thomas Manning, late of Ipswich, by will. HAVERHILL CIRCULATING LIBRARY. (1857.) 600 vols. Owned and kept by 0. W. Flanders. Terms to subscribers: $3 per year, $1 75 for 6 months, $1 for 3 months, 374 cents for 1 month, in advance. About 100 volumes are added yearly. A catalogue was printed in 1855. Works of fiction are most read. 10 146 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. JAMAICA PLAIN. ELIOT LITERARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1400 vols. Organized September, 1857. William H. Spooner, Jr., president. T. J. Brewer, secretary.'Judging from'present appearances, we may soon expect to see the'Eliot Library Association' standing high in the scale of young men's library societies. We learn that the Association has already a large fund at its disposal, for the purchase of books, &c."-(Boston Paper.) 1300 volumes were received from the Eliot Social Library and the Parish Library. LANCASTER. LANCASTER LIBRARY. (1857.) 415 vols. Founded December, 1851. Members pay annually, 83; transient readers, 50 cents per quarter. The receipts during 1854, were $91 54; expenditures for books, $54 05; binding, $4 52; periodicals, $20; salaries, $3; incidentals, $10 50. The library is open twice a week from 3 P.M. till sunset. 300 volumes were lent during 1854, to 25 persons. A catalogue of 12 pages, 8vo., was printed in March, 1854, at a cost of $8 for'100 copies. Blackwood's Magazine, Putnam's, and the Horticulturist, are the only periodicals taken at present; it having been found that little interest was taken in this branch of literature. The annual salary of the librarian is $3. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $60. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 70. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 700. LAWRENCE. FRANKLIN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1800 vols. Established by Act of Legislature, 1847. The shares originally were $10 each, with an annual assessment of $2 on each share. In July, 1847, a donation of $1000 was received from TIon. Abbott Lawrence, which was expended entirely in books. In 1853, the shares were MA SSACHUSETTS. 147 divided, making them $5 each, with an annual assessment of $1 on each share. In the will of the late H1-on. Abbott Lawrence, there was a bequest of $5000 to the library, to be expended in books. During the last five years, $286 22 have been expended for books. The receipts during 1854, were $151 37; expenditures for binding, $16 29; periodicals, $32; salaries, $50; incidentals, $96 63. The annual cost of supporting the library is $125. It is open every Saturday, from noon till 9 P.M. 1025 volumes are in English, 23 French, 14 Spanish. There are some valuable sets of periodicals in the library, among them the North American Review, from 1812; Edinburgh, from 1803; Foreign Quarterly, 1834 to 1841; Silliman's Journal, from 1847; Journal of Franklin Institute, from 1847; Westminster Review, from 1844; Christian Examiner, firon 1826, &c. &c. A catalogue was printed on 1st of January, 1855, 46 pages, cost $42 for 500 copies. PACIFIC MILLS (PRINT WORtKS). (1857.) 2024 vols. Pacific Mills is the largest manufacturing establishment in the United States. The following interesting information has been furnished by the superintendent: "Pacific Mills was organized in 1852 (the Hon. Abbott Lawrence being the active spirit of the enterprise), capital 82,000,000, as a manufacturing corporation. We have 1500 operatives employed; 450 are native born, 1050 are foreign born. 600 are females, 900 are males. Age of operatives, from 10 to 50 years. To elevate and enlighten the minds of these operatives, has ever been a matter of deep interest to the managers of this corporation. In the structure, an elegant lecture hall was built, capable of seating 900 persons. This is the first instance on record, we believe, that ai lecture hall formed part of a manufacturing establishment. A library and reading-room was also a part of the means adopted for the elevation, &c., of the operatives employed here. To make these features practical and permanently established, a condition of employment is, that each person shall pay one cent per week to the'Library Fund;' this fund is expended by a committee of the operatives, chosen annually. Apart from the purchase of books, we expend from $250 to $350, each winter, for popular lectures, musical entertainments. panoramas, &c. &c. We frequently have to repeat musical entertainments, having our hall densely crowded (as we allow heads of families to bring their wives). The panoramic displays are for the youth, which prepon B148 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. derates: very largely. Ouar reading-roonm is open daily, Sundays excepted, from 6.30 A.M. until 9.30 P.nM. Daily papers, 7; weekly papers, 15; weekly magazines, 1; monthly and quarterlies, 15. Total, 38. 4" Our library contains 2024 volumes. We have 650 daily readers. The library is open daily. 220 are American by birth, 430 are foreign by birth. 325 are females, 325 are males. The daily earning of males is 109 cents, of females 63 cents. $8500 is required weekly to pay our operatives." A catalogue of 84 pages 8vo. was published in 1855, and a supplement in 1856. LENlOX. LENOX LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1100 vols. Organized January 1st, 1854. TWhole amount expended for books, about 800. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 100. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, from 60 to 80 per week. It owes its existence to the private liberality of a few individuals of moderate means. To the sum thus raised, the town appropriated M300. The united amount, $600, was the nucleus of the enterprise. For the reception of the books, a small room was appropriated in our town hall. This soon became too small, and a fire-proof brick building was erected, in octagonal form, sufficiently large to accommodate 6000 volumes, at a cost of $1600. MIuch interest is felt, in the town, in this library. LOWELL. CITY SCHOOL LIBRARY. (1857.) 11,000 volumes. Founded October, 1844. First opened for the delivery of books, February 11, 1845. The first purchase consisted of.3800 volumes. The city drew from the State its proportion of a fund that had been accumulating for the purpose of forming school libraries, amounting to $1215, and appropriated $2000 to purchase this library. The library occupies a room 60 feet by 28, on the ground floor of a brick building belonging to the city, and centrally located. The books are arranged according to size, without regard to subjects, and each volume is numbered. MASSACHUSETTS. 149 An annual appropriation of $1000 is made by the city to the library, and all persons approved by the directors, are entitled to draw books, by paying 50 cents a year. The receipts during 1854, were $1384 97. Expenditures for books, $683 53. Binding, $5 80. Salaries, $600. Incidentals, $21. The library is open five hours daily. There are 800 subscribers. All the books are in the English language. A catalogue was printed in January, 1853, and supplement in 1854, 16mo., at a cost of $250 for 2500 copies. MIDDLESEX MECHANIC ASSOCIATION, (1857.) 6630 vols. Founded in 1825. Reading-room established in 1834. Stockholders and subscribers are entitled to take books out. Shares $12 50. There is an annual assessment on the former of $1, and on the latter of $2. The library is open nine hours every day. During 1854, 368 persons borrowed books. The receipts during 1854, were $2636. Expended for books, $302. Binding, $35 50. Periodicals, $81. Newspapers, 8120. Salaries, $600. Incidentals, taxes, repairs, fuel, &c., $1131. Subscribers pay 82 per annum. During 1857, 11,000 volumes were lent to 450 memlbers. There are 4610 volumes in English, 533 in French, 8 German, 3 Spanish, 5 Latin, and 10 Greek. Total, 5250, in 1855. The receipts during 1856, were $2636. Expenditures for books and binding, $336 81. Periodicals, $202 70. Salaries, $600. About 300 volumes are added annually. The yearly expense of supporting the library and reading-room is $1958 47. In 1833-'34, the Association erected a large building of brick, at an expense of $20,486 04, for all the purposes of the Association. The library-room is 40 feet by 26, and 11 feet high. The reading-room is of the same size. A catalogue was printed in 1840, containing 136 pages 8vo. A supplement of 22 pages was printed in 1846, another in 1853, and a third in 1856. 600 copies quarto, cost $315. The books are arranged upon the shelves in classes and sections. The shelves are numbered consecutively. The books are numbered upon the backs with two numbers (thus 3 y). The upper number denotes the shelf to which the book belongs. The lower'number marks the relative position of the book upon its shelf. More or less frequent changes in the numbering of the books will be required under the system of arrangement which has been adopted; and the catalogue was printed without numbers '115m0 JPUBLIC LIBRARIES. on this account. But "finding-catalogues," containing the numbers of the books, are placed upon the table in the library. The following classification is adopted: CLASS I. THEOLOGY. CLASS II. LAW, POLITICS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, COMMERCE, ETC. CLASS III. SCIENCE AND ART. SECTION 1. Moral Philosophy, Mental Philosophy, Logic, Education, &c. " 2. Mathematics. " 3. Physics. 4.' Natural History, Mineralogy, Geology, Botany, Meteorology, and Medicine. 5. Fine Arts, Useful Arts. " 6. EncyclopEedias, Learned Journals, and Transactions. CLASS IV. LITERATURE. SECTION 1. Philology (including Languages, Criticism, Rhetoric and Oratory, Speeches, and Essays). 2. Poetry and the Drama. 3. Novels, Romances, Tales, Works of Wit and Humor. 4. History (including Chronology, Geography, and Statistics). " 5. Biography.' 6. Voyages and Travels. " 7. Periodical and Miscellaneous Literature. 21 magazines and reviews, 15 daily, and 50 weekly newspapers, are regularly taken. Works of fiction are most read; then voyages and travels and history. The favorite authors are Sir WV. Scott, Dickens, Cooper, James, Irving, Mrs. Stowe, Grace Aguilar, &c. MIDDLESEX NORTH DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY. (1855.) 166 vols. Founded in 18545, frion a part of the library of the Massachusetts Medical Society. It is a special medical collection. Open once a month for three hours. 141 volumes are in English, 15 French, 10 Latin, 1 Greek. There are also 300 pamphlets. LYNN. LYNN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 3500 vols. Incorporated March 24th, 1855. Organized July 7th, 1855. Went MASSACHUSETTS. 151 into active operation, i. e., distributing books, October 22d, 1855. Reading-room (with 58 different newspapers, representing all sections of the country, and 18 different magazines and reviews) added, November, 1856. Average annual amount expended for books since 1855, $400. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 707. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 9004. Of the books circulated, fiction comprises more than half. Travels, nearly a fifth. Biographical and historical, about a tenth each. Scientific and miscellaneous, the remainder. The rooms are open every evening, from 6 till 9 o'clock. Also Wednesday and Saturday afternoons, from 3 till 5 o'clock. In addition to the library and reading-room departments, there is a cabinet-room, filled with a miscellaneous assortment of natural and artificial curiosities; minerals, shells, coins, birds, animals, reptiles, South Sea Island curiosities, &c. &e. Any person of correct moral habits may become a member of this Society by paying $2. The annual payment is $2. A catalogue was printed in 1856, 12mo. 84 pages. MAN~CHESTER. MANCHESTER LYCEUM. (1857.) 650 vols. This Lyceum was organized February 21st, 1830, for mutual improvement by lectures, disquisition, and debate, and proved highly useful and beneficial to those within its influence; and as showing the appreciation of such means of improvement by the people by whom the Lyceum was established, the fact is significant that it numbered, in its first year, 118 male members, in a population not greatly exceeding a thousand. (The exact population was 1260.) Among its first acts was one to lay the foundation for a library, by, at first, each member contributing such book or books as he chose; and afterwards, appropriating the surplus funds of the Lyceum to the purchase of books. The library, thus formed, was open to any one, on the payment of 50 cents and subscribing to the regulations: these constituting him a member and joint proprietor, for one year. From such beginning, it has slowly increased to its present size (which, though 152 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. small, yet when viewed in regard to its influence on a limited population, is not without importance); and, from the nature of its existence, must be permanent while there remain any to enjoy its benefits. The fee annually due from members, is 50 cents. During 1854, $26 60 were received, $8 50 expended for books, $10 for salaries, and $7 28 for incidentals. The library is open half an hour every Saturday. During 1854, 500 volumes were lent to 37 persons. About 10 volumes are added annually. During the last 5 years, $30 have been expended for books. MiARLBOROUGH. PARISH LIBRARY OF THE SECOND PARISH. (1855.) 726 vols. Founded in March, 1847, by Mrs. Elizabeth Phelps. There is a fund of 8500, under the charge of trustees, the interest of which is applied to the purchase of books. Other expenses are defrayed by the parish. Receipts during 1854, $30; expenditures for books, $30; binding, $1 50; salaries, $10; incidentals, $1. All members of the Second Parish can use the library free of charge. 1500 volumes were lent to 100 persons during 1854. Works of fiction, of which a few of the best are bought, were most read, biography and travels next. A catalogue was printed in July, 1852, 12mo. 8 pages; 300 copies cost $15. MEDFORD. TUFT'S COLLEGE. (1857.) 3300 vols. Founded in 1854. Students pay 50 cents a year for the use of the library. About 1000 volumes were added during 1856. The library is open on Saturday. Most of the volumes in the library were received as donations. NANTUCKET. NANTUCKET ATHENJEUM. (1857.) 3202 vols. Incorporated in 1834. The building and library were destroyed by MASSACHUSETTS. 153 fire in 1846. They were reopened February, 1847, the library being made up of donations from the citizens of Boston, publishers of New York and Boston, and the shareholders. The institution is supported by a tax of $2 per year on the proprietors, who are 270 in number, and by the renting of a lecture-room. It is governed by a president, vicepresident, two secretaries, treasurer, and five trustees, chosen annually. Receipts during 1854, $897 23; expenditures for books, $87 75; binding, $52 68; periodicals, $37 50; salaries, $130. The shareholders and the public are entitled to the use of the library. Shareholders pay $2 per annum, and non-proprietors $3. A wooden building was erected for the use of the Institution, in 1846-'47, containing a lecture-room, library-room, and museum-the cost, about $5000. The library-room is 49 feet by 24, and 12 feet high. It is arranged in alcoves, and capable of holding 10,000 volumes. It is both a reference and lending library. The books are arranged by subjects. Open 3' hours daily, and 3 hours on Saturday evening. 5369 volumes were lent during 1854. 2902 volumes are in English, 60 French, 3 German, 2 Spanish, 3 Italian, 13 Latin, 39 Greek. Novels are most read, then travels, biography, natural science, poetry, and history. Quite a number of periodicals are taken. About 100 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of supporting the library, $864. During the last five years, $437 78 were expended for books. NEW B:EDFORD. NEW BEDFORD FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY. (1857.) 10,000 vols. On the 24th of May, 1851, an act was passed by the Legislature of MIassachusetts, giving authority to towns and cities to tax their ratable polls one dollar each to establish, and twenty-five cents annually to maintain libraries for the use of their inhabitants. On the Sth of July, 1851, a member of the Common Council introduced an order for the raising of a committee to consider the expediency of establishing a public library in New Bedford. This is believed to be the first order ever introduced into any representative body for the establishment of such an institution. On the 14th of June, 1852, the Councils appropriated $1500 for the library, and the proprietors of the Social Library transferred their col 154 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. leetion of 5961 volumes to the city. It is claimed for this institution, that it is " the very first free public library known to the ancnals of the world." (Address of J. B. Congdon, 1856.) The corner-stone of a new building for the library was laid with appropriate ceremonies, August 28th, 1856. This building is of brick and freestone, with a basement of dark Quincy granite. It cost $37,000, exclusive of the ground on which it stands. By its regulations " all adult residents of the city are entitled to the privilege of taking books from the library," and all minors, on an order from a resident adult. There is no distinction of color or sex; all citizens sixteen years old participate freely in the advantages of the library, subject to nothing but an implied engagement to observe the regulations of the institution, and children less than sixteen may take books by leaving a deposit of books or money, in case they can find no adult to become responsible for them. It has always been urged by the opponents of free libraries, that people who pay nothing, individually, for the use of books, are careless about returning them. This is found to be a fallacy. When 40,000 volumes had been taken from this library, by everybody who cared to apply, an examination disclosed the fact that but 60 volumes were missing. The annual reports of the Board of Trustees, written by Mr. J. B. Congdon, Cashier of the Merchants' Bank in New Bedford, who has devoted much time to the foundation and supervision of the library, say among other things: c A striking and dilightful feature of our operations is the large number of females who visit the rooms both as takers of our books, and readers of our periodicals. Nearly one-half of the names upon our books are those of females. The convenient location of the library, the liberality of its arrangements, and the quiet and decorum which pervade the place, have attracted thither, that class of the population which has hitherto seldom been found visiting our public libraries. "It is a most gratifying fact, and one that is highly creditable to the inhabitants of our city, that during the year, no indecorum, no breach of the rules for maintaining order, quiet, and neatness, in the rooms, have interfered with their pleasant and profitable use by any portion of our people." Two thousand dollars are appropriated annually by the city to the library; one-half goes toward its current expenses, the other toward new books. The entire expenditure incurred for it has been nearly $55,000. During 1854, 20,843 volumes were lent to 2951 persons. During MASSACHUSETTS. 155 1855, 20,041 volumes were lent to 3183 persons. During 1856, 23,240 volumes were lent to 3937 persons. About three-fourths were works of fiction, and the larger portion of the remainder, voyages and travels. Of novels, Scott's, Cooper's, and Miss Edgeworth's, are most read. Works relative to Napoleon, are always in demand. In history, Bancroft, Hildreth, and works on the French Revolution, find the most readers. 22 periodicals are taken. The librarian receives a salary of $500. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $900. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 1000. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 22,000. Cost of supporting the library, $2000. Amount expended for books during the last five years, $4500. NEWBURYPORT. PUBLIC LIBRARY OF THE CITY OF NEWBURYPORT. (1857.) 8493 vols. Founded September, 1854, by Hon. Josiah Little. Opened for public use, 5th September, 1855. Receipts for 1857, $850 80; expenditures, $837 76. A donation of $5000 was made to the library by Hon. Josiah Little; and a legacy of $5000 was left by Matthias Plant Sawyer, of Boston, the interest forever to go to the purchase of books. The library is open every day. In 1855, 5600 volumes were in English, 100 French, 50 Spanish. During the year 1857, 29,562 volumes were taken out. The librarian receives a salary of $400 per annum. "The Newburyport Public Library has one of the most valuable collections of books to be found in the State. Though small, little rising 8000 in number, the classification is very thorough, and every department of literature is represented by the best authors. Hon. Caleb Cushing, Hon. Timothy Davis, and others, have recently contributed largely to the shelves, and added much to its value. Its use is quite general: the greater portion of the citizens avail themselves of its advantages. The city has been very fortunate in the selection of a librarian, through whose exertions the institution has been managed in a manner not only conducive to the public good, but to the entire satisfaction of its patrons." 156 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. NE WTON CENTRE. NEWTON THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTION. (1857.) 10,325 vols. Founded in 1825. A fund of $10,000 is set apart for the support of the library by the trustees. Salaries of librarian and assistant, 850. The books are arranged by subjects. Library open two days per week, one hour each day. 6800 volumes are in English, 700 French, 1000 German, 50 Spanish, 400 other modern languages, 500 Latin, 350 Greek, 130 Hebrew, 120 Oriental. There are also 500 pamphlets, 25 MISS., 25 maps, 20 engravings. A number of reviews, magazines, and newspapers, are taken. About 300 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $2500 have been expended for books. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 1000. NORTHAMPTON. NORTHAMPTON YOUNG MEN'S INSTITUTE. (1857.) 3000 vols. Founded in 1845. Supported by membership; $2 per year for adults, and 81 for minors. Receipts during 1854, $600. Receipts, 1856, $350; expenditures for books, $200; salaries, 8100; incidentals, $25. The books are not arranged by subject, but are placed upon shelves as they are added, and numbered consecutively. The library is opened six hours every day, and one evening each week. 2500 volumes are in English, 10 French, 6 German. (1855.) About 200 volumes are added yearly. The annual cost of supporting the library is $125. During five years, $1000 were expended for books. NOIRTH BROOKFIELD. NORTH BROOKFIELD LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 413 vols. Founded January 1, 1857. This is a joint stock company, with shares of 85 each. $750 were subscribed in 1856. Several periodicals are taken. The clergymen in the Brookfield Association formed themselves into a library company June 16, 1819. MASSACHUSETTS. 157 In January, 1825, they solicited of the Legislature an act of incorporation. As the result, a general act was passed in the following month, authorizing "any seven settled or ordained ministers of the Gospel, within this Commonwealth, who shall become proprietors in common of any theological library," to form themselves into a society or body politic, with corporate powers. In accordance with the provisions of this. act, the clergymen in this association were incorporated under the name of " The Theological Society in the Town of Brookfield," on the 5th of October, 1825. The library of this Society, by a change in the Constitution, in 1849, was permanently located in the town of Brookfield, and confided to the care of the pastor of the evangelical church in that town, who acts as librarian, &c. The library consists now of about 400 volumes and many rare pamphlets, but there has been no addition to it of late. PLYMOUTH. OLD COLONY PILGRIM SOCIETY. The Old Colony Pilgrim Society was formed 9th of November, 1819, for the purpose of commemorating the landing of the Pilgrims upon the rock of Plymouth, of cherishing the memory of their virtues and sufferings, and of preserving such well-authenticated relics as could then be gathered. In 1824, a monumental edifice was erected by the Society. It is of unwrought split granite, 70 feet in length by 40 in width, and is two stories in height. It has a handsome Doric portico. The whole expense of the building and appurtenances was about $15,000. In the edifice, a room is set apart for a library and a cabinet of curiosities. It has, as yet, but a small number of volumes. It has also some manuscripts relative to our early history. The cabinet contains a large number of curiosities of great interest. [See History of the Pilgrim Society, by W. Cogswell, in the American Quarterly Register for August, 1838, pp. 82-90.] ROXBURY. ATHENIEUM. (1857.) 6900 vols. Founded May 1, 1848. Incorporated in 1851. It is supported by 158 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. assessments on shares of $2, and subscriptions of $4 per annum. Receipts during 1854, $626 75; expenditures for books, $99 44; periodicals, $14; salaries, $200; incidentals, $323 25. It is open daily for six hours in summer, and five in winter. During 1854, 5850 volumes were lent. A catalogue was printed in 1849, 12mo. 115 pages. Five reviews and two newspapers are received. 300 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $349 97 were expended for books. Annual cost of support, $500. SALEM. ATIHENZEUM. (1855.) 12,000 vols. Incorporated in 1810; and was formed by the union of the Social and Philosophical Libraries. "In the year 1 760, a number of gentlemen united to form the' Social Library,' the number of shares in which, at the commencement, was 32, at five guineas per share. In 1797, an act of incorporation was obtained; and, in 1809, a catalogue was printed. " During the Revolution, an American privateer captured a vessel, on board of which, a part of the library of the celebrated Dr. Richard Kirwan,: had been shipped for transportation across the Irish Channel. These books were carried into Beverly, Massachusetts, and sold to a company of gentlemen, who thus laid the foundation of the'Philosophical Library.' An offer of remuneration was afterward made to Dr. Kirwan, who generously declined it, expressing his satisfaction that his books had found so useful a destination. " The Athenaeum has received many liberal gifts from Nathaniel Bowditch, LL.D., Miss Mehitable Iigginson, Miss Susan Burley, Miss Caroline Plummer, and other benefactors. "a Miss Caroline Plummer, who died in 1854, bequeathed to the Athenxcum the sum of $30,000, for the purchase of land and the erection of a safe and elegant building, for the legitimate uses of the Athenaeum, to be completed within three years. Leave was also given, by the will, 1 "Dr. Kirwan, a chemical philosopher, was born in Ireland about the middle of the last century, and died in 1812. His principal works are,' An Essay on the Constitution of Acids,' Elements of Mineralogy,' in 2 vols. 8vo., and a work on Logic, published in 1809." —-Penny Cyclopcedia, art. Kirwan. MASSACHUSETTS. 159 that the Athenaum might grant the use of the building to other societies, of a kindred character, for similar purposes; and it was provided that the bequest should not be forfeited in case the library should become a public library. The bequest was accepted, and measures have been taken to secure the erection of the building according to the conditions of the will. The receipts during 1854, including Miss Plummer's bequest, were $30,595; expenditures for books, $129 50; binding, $61 14; periodicals, $99 50; salaries, $50; incidentals, $288 22. Proprietors pay an annual assessment of $5; subscribers, $6; clergymen, $3. The library is open for reference from 9 A.M. till sunset; for delivery, one hour every day. There have been several catalogues printed: Catalogue of the Social Library, 1809,.. 8vo. 42 pages. " " Salem Athenueum, 1811,.. " 72 ":' " "( -*. 1818,.. 77 " 1826,.. " 95 " "C 1842.. " 171 Supplement to the san]e, 1849,. " 13 The catalogue of 1842, by Thomas Cole and Dr. HI. Wheatland, consists of two parts: the first, of 93 pages, contains the titles of the books, systematically arranged; the second (pp. 95-171), a list of about 1600 pamphlets, inserted alphabetically under the names of their respective authors. A short account of each author, as far as could be ascertained, is affixed, noticing the year of his birth and death, the college or university at which he was graduated, the principal places of residence, occupation, &c. The library is open every day, except Sundays, from 8 o'clock A.M. till sunset. Proprietors and their families, also settled clergymen of the city and neighboring towns, are entitled to the use of the books. Proprietors have the liberty to introduce strangers as readers. The pamphlets, forming a very valuable collection, are mostly bound in volumes. This is not only an excellent library for popular use, but it contains an unusually large proportion of works of standard value. Early theological and scientific works, and the transactions of learned societies, are more fully represented than in most libraries of this kind. The later additions have been well selected, and mostly in the depart 160 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. ments of modern history, biography, voyages and travels, and general English literature. EAST INDIA MARINE SOCIETY. (1850.) 300 vols. This Society, whose membership is confined to those who have doubled Cape Horn and the Cape of Good Hope, as masters of vessels, was formed in 1799, and incorporated in 1801. It has a library containing 300 volumes, some 20 or 30 of which are manuscript journals of sea-voyages, &c. The museum belonging to this Society is valuable and interesting. A catalogue of the museum, &c., was printed in 1831 (178 pages, Svo.). ESSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. (1850.) 650 vols. Formed in 1818, under the auspices of the late Hon. T. Pickering, its first president. He purchased the agricultural library of the late Henry Colman, containing 525 volumes. It is deposited in a room in the City Hall, Salem. ESSEX INSTITUTE. (1857.) 10,500 vols. Incorporated in 1848, and formed by the union of the Essex Historical Society (incorporated in 1821), and the Essex County Natural History Society (incorporated in 1836). About 400 volumes and 1000 pamphlets, are added yearly. The annual cost of supporting the library is $350. During the last five years $400 have been expended for books. The receipts during 1854, were $716 40. Expenditures for books, $25. Binding, $80. Periodicals, $12. Incidentals, $420. During 1854, 650 books were taken out by 100 persons. 8804 volumes are in the English language, 203 French, 23 German, 6 Spanish, 32 other modern languages, 209 Latin, 105 Greek, 6 Hebrew, and 12 Oriental. In 1857, there were 10,500 volumes, and 20,000 pamphlets in the library. No catalogue has been printed. ESSEX SOUTH DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 725 vols. Founded in 1805. Members of the Massachusetts Medical Society, MASSACHUSETTS. 161 residing in the district, are entitled to the use of the library, by paying an annual fee of $3. 591 volumes are in English, 73 French, and 61 Latin. There are some very valuable works in the library. During the last five years, $60 have been expended for books. A catalogue of 16 pages 16mo., was printed in 1824. The London Lancet is the only periodical taken. SALEM CHARITABLE MECHANIC ASSOCIATION. (1855.) 3006 vols. Founded in 1820. Receipts during 1854, $500. Expenditures for books, $150. Binding, $4. Salaries, 100. The library is open every Saturday evening. About 150 volumes are lent weekly. All the volumes are in English. A catalogue was printed in 1851; a supplement in 1854. SOUTH ANDOVER. PUNCHARD FREE SCHOOL LIBRARY. (1857.) 28 vols. Founded December 22d, 1856. Members pay 25 cents annually, or give two such books as shall be considered an equivalent. The library is open every Friday afternoon. SOUTH DANVERS. PEABODY INSTITUTE. (1857.) 5408 vols. "Its foundation is due to the munificence of George Peabody, Esq., now of London, who has chosen this method of conferring a lasting benefit on his native town. The circumstances attending the announcement of MIr. Peabody's gift are interesting. The citizens of Danvers had determined to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of the existence of the town, as a distinct municipal corporation, which fell upon Wednesday, the 16th of June, 1852. Although Mr. Peabody had long been absent, yet the many proofs by which he had, in previous instances, evinced his regard for the place of his birth, gave him peculiar claims to be included among the invited guests. Accordingly, an invitation was early forwarded to him by the committee of the town, to be present at that festival, with a request that, if unable to attend, he would signify by letter his interest in the occasion. In his reply, after 11 162 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. stating that his engagements would allow him to comply only with the latter part of the request, he said, "I inclose a sentiment, which I ask may remain sealed till this letter is read on the day of the celebration, according to the direction on the envelope." The indorsement on the envelope of the sealed packet was as follows: "The seal of this is not to be broken till the toasts are being proposed by the Chairman, at the dinner, 16th June, at Danvers, in commemoration of the one hundredth year since its severance from Salem. It contains a sentiment for the occasion, from George Peabody, of London." In obedience to the above direction, at the proper moment, the reading of the communication was called for; and the following was received by the delighted audience with loud acclamations: "By George Peabody, of London: EDUCATIoN —A debt duef'om npresent tofitture generations. "In acknowledgment of the payment of that debt by the generation which preceded me in my native town of Danvers, and to aid in its prompt future discharge, I give to the inhabitants of that town the sum of twenty thousand dollars, for the promotion of knowledge and morality among them. "I beg to remark, that the subject of making a gift to my native town has for some years occupied my mind; and I avail myself of your present interesting festival to make the communication, in the hope that it will add to the pleasures of the day. "I annex to the gift such conditions only as I deem necessary for its preservation, and the accomplishment of the purposes before named. The conditions are, that the legal voters of the town, at a meeting to be held at a convenient time after the 16th of June, shall accept the gift, and shall elect a committee, of not less than twelve persons, to receive and have charge of the same, for the purpose of establishing a lyceum for the delivery of lectures, upon such subjects as may be designated by a committee of the town, free to all the inhabitants, under such rules as said committee may from time to time enact; and that a library shall be obtained, which shall also be free to the inhabitants, under the direction of the committee. "That a suitable building for the use of the lyceum shall be erectedl, at a cost, including the land, fixtures, furniture, &c., not exceeding seven thousand dollars, and shall be located within one-third of a mile of the Presbyterian Meeting-House, occupying the spot of that formerly under the pastoral care of the Rev. Mr. Walker, in the south parish of Danvers. "That ten thousand dollars of this gift shall be invested by the town's com IMASSACHUSETTS. 163 mittee, in undoubted securities, as a permanent fund, the interest arising therefrom to be expended in support of the lyceum. "In all other respects, I leave the disposition of the affairs of the Lyceum to the inhabitants of Danvers, —merely suggesting that it might be advisable for themn by their own act, to exclude sectarian theology and political discussions forever from the walls of the institution. "I will make one request of the committee; which is, if they see no objection, and my venerable friend, Capt. Sylvester Proctor, should be living, that he be selected to lay the corner-stone of the Lyceum building. " Respectfully yours, " GEORGE PEABODY." "The officers of the Institute are a Board of Trustees chosen by the town, in whom are vested its funds and other property, for the purpose of maintaining a lyceum and library; and another Board, chosen annually by the trustees, called the Lyceum and Library Committee, whose duties are to superintend and direct all its active operations. "i Mr. Peabody afterwards added ten thousand dollars to his first donation; the whole to be so expended, that seventeen thousand dollars should be appropriated for the land anid building, three thousand to the purchase of books, as the foundation of a library, and ten thousand to remain as a permanent fund. " The difficulty of procuring a suitable lot of land, within the prescribed distance from the meeting-house, caused some delay in the erection of the building. But at length a site was selected on Main Street; and the corner-stone of the new structure was laid, with appropriate ceremonies, on the 20th of August, 1853, —Hon. Abbott Lawrence, an intimate friend of Mr. Peabody, performing the part assigned to Capt. Sylvester Proctor, who had deceased. The building was finished in the course of the following year, and dedicated to its future uses on the 29th of September, 1854. Hon. Rufus Choate delivered an eloquent address on that occasion. "It is a stately edifice, 82 feet in length by 50 in breadth, built of brick, and ornamented with brown Connecticut freestone. On its front, a slab of freestone bears the words, PEABODY INSTITUTE, in relief. The lecture hall, occupying the whole of the upper story, is finished with neatness and simlplicity, and is furnished with seats for about 750 persons. Over the rostrum hangs a full-length portrait of Mr. Peabody, by Healey, which has been pronounced by connoisseurs to be a chef d'oeuvre of that artist. It was set for by hinm at the request of the citi 164 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. zens of the town, but, at its completion, was presented to them. The library-room, in the lower story, is comlmodiously arranged for the delivery of books. The shelves for books are placed around the walls of the room; but, by the addition of alcoves, its capacity can be greatly increased. "The first course of lectures was delivered in the Lyceum Hall, during the last season, to large and attentive audiences. The situation of Danvers,1 within an hour's ride, by railroad, of the metropolis, is highly favorable for availing herself of the best talent in this field of literary labor. "The attention of the Lyceum and Library Committee was early directed to the formation of a library. The selection of books, preliminary to an extended purchase, was found to be a work of no small difficulty; for, while they appreciated the importance of laying a broad foundation, they also felt it to be their duty to render the library not only "free to the inhabitants," but truly useful to all the citizens. In forming lists, therefore, under the general heads of science, history, belles-lettres, &c., they gave the preference rather to such works as they believed would meet the wants of the reading community, than to those more elaborate productions which are better calculated to aid the extended researches of the scholar; trusting that the library would, by future accessions, gradually arrive at that symmetry and completeness so desirable to be attained. Pursuing this plan, the committee were relieved from much embarrassment, and were enabled to prosecute their labor with so much success, that, as soon as the library-room was ready to receive them, about 1500 volumes had been prepared to be placed upon its shelves. "' In December, 1854, a donation of books was unexpectedly received from Mr. Peabody, —affording a new proof of his generosity, and his continuing interest in the institution that bears his name. These books, in all about 2500 volumes, were selected by his order, in London, by Mr. Henry Stevens, agent of the Smithsonian Institution. They comprise many valuable and even rare works; among which may be mentioned the'Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,' and a complete set of the'Gentleman's Magazine.' Subsequent additions to the library, by purchase and by gift, have increased the number of volumes ]By an Act of the Legislature, passed May 18, 1855, that part of the town in which the Peabody Institute is located, was incorporated as a new town, by the name of South Danvers; but the privileges of the Institute will continue to be enjoyed by all within the limits of the former town of Danvers. IMASSACHUSETTS. 163 mittee, in undoubted securities, as a permanent fund, the interest arising therefrom to be expended in support of the lyceum. "In all other respects, I leave the disposition of the affairs of the Lyceum to the inhabitants of Danvers,-merely suggesting that it might be advisable for them, by their own act, to exclude sectarian theology and political discussions forever from the walls of the institution. "I will make one request of the committee; which is, if they see no objection, and my venerable friend, Capt. Sylvester Proctor, should be living, that he be selected to lay the corner-stone of the Lyceum building. "' Respectfully yours, "G EOPGE PEABODY." i" The officers of the Institute are a Board of Trustees chosen by the town, in whom are vested its funds and other property, for the purpose of maintaining a lyceum and library; and another Board, chosen annually by the trustees, called the Lyceum and Library Committee, whose duties are to superintend and direct all its active operations. " Mlr. Peabody afterwards added ten thousand dollars to his first donation; the whole to be so expended, that seventeen thousand dollars should be appropriated for the land arid building, three thousand to the purchase of books, as the foundation of a library, and ten thousand to remain as a permanent fund. " The difficulty of procuring a suitable lot of land, within the prescribed distance from the meeting-house, caused some delay in the erection of the building. But at length a site was selected on Main Street; and the corner-stone of the new structure was laid, with appropriate ceremonies, on the 20th of August, 1853, —Ion. Abbott Lawrence, an intimate friend of Mr. Peabody, performing the part assigned to Capt. Sylvester Proctor, who had deceased. The building was finished in the course of the following year, and dedicated to its future uses on the 29th of September, 1854. Hon. Rufus Choate delivered an eloquent address on that occasion. "It is a stately edifice, 82 feet in length by 50 in breadth, built of brick, and ornamented with brown Connecticut freestone. On its front, a slab of freestone bears the words, PEABODY INSTITUTE, in relief. The lecture hall, occupying the whole of the upper story, is finished with neatness and simplicity, and is furnished with seats for about 750 persons. Over the rostrum hangs a full-length portrait of Mr. Peabody, by Healey, which has been pronounced by connoisseurs to be a chef d'ceuvre of that artist. It was set for by him at the request of the citi MASSACHUSETTS. 165 to above 5000; of the latter, about 200. volumes were received from the MIechanic Institute,-an association that had existed in the town since 1841, and had itself been preceded by the Lyceum Society. "The library has been open for the delivery of books about nine months, with the most gratifying result. During library hours, which at present are the afternoon and evening of Wednesday and Saturday, the room has been thronged with eager applicants; and their choice of works is, in general, highly creditable to their literary taste. It appears from the ledger, that during this period, commnencing October 18, 1854, 1356 persons have availed themselves of its privileges; and that, during four months of this time, commencing November 11, the number of volumes taken was 11,866,-an average of 349 each library day. For the success of this department of the Institute, much credit is due to the efforts of Mr. Eugene B. Hinkley, the present librarian, by whom the first catalogue was compiled."-Catalogue. Every person in the town over 15 years of age, is entitled to the free use of the library. It is open on Saturdays and Wednesdays from 2 to 8 p.m. In 1855, 5000 volumes were in English, 75 French, 12 Germlan, 1 Spanish, 10 Latin, 10 Greek, 1 Hebrew. A catalogue was printed in 1855, 8vo. 121 pages, cost $225 for 1000 copies. The books are all covered with substantial paper, numbered on the outside, and are called for by the numbers on cards. Works on biography, natural history, the better class of fiction and general literature, have been most read. During 1855, 24,957 volumes were lent to 1413 persons. Eight periodicals are taken. About 400 volumes are added yearly. The annual cost of support is about $600. During the last five years, $2800 have been expended for books exclusive of donations. SPRINGFIELD. SPRINGFIELD INSTITUTE. (1857.) 1600 vols. The annual fee for membership is 50 cents. In the large and expensive City Hall, erected in 1855, a handsome room was prepared for a library. The proprietors of the Institute collection offered it to the city Z1(G3 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. as a nucleus; and, on the petition of 1200 voters, the city government voted $2000 for the establishment of a free library. A catalogue, 78 pages 8vo., was printed in 1817. SWADIPSCOTT, SWAMPSCOTT LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 625 vols. Founded October 9, 1852, by a donation of books from William RH. Lawrence, of Boston. TAUN TO N. OLD COLONY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Incorporated 4th of Mlay, 1853. A fine building has been erected for the library. The valuable library and MISS. of the late Hon. Francis Baylies, forms a part of this collection. TAUNTON SOCIAL LIBRARY. (1857.) 3119 vols. Founded in 1828. Shares are $5, and annual assessments $l. Receipts, 1854, $250; expenditures for books, $70; binding, $20; periodicals, 810; incidentals, $150. The library is open 8 hours every day. During 1854, 5182 volumes were lent to 208 persons, the whole number of shareholders. Novels, histories, and travels, have been called for in about equal proportion. 2830 volumes are in English, 1 German, 1 Hebrew. A catalogue was printed in 1841. A number of reviews are taken. About 300 volumes are added annually. During the last five years, $1000 were expended for books. YOUNG MEN'S LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1855.) 417 vols. Incorporated by the Legislature March 16th, and was organized by the choice of officers, April 21st, 1854. The annual fee for members is $1. Receipts during 1854, $1043 65; expended for books, $232 94; binding, $15; periodicals, $75; salaries, $71; incidentals, 8225. All the books are in English. MASSACHUSETTS. 167 Thetreading-room is open every day and evening, except Sunday, and is supplied with 5 quarterlies, 7 monthly magazines, 6 daily and 5 weekly newspapers. The library was first opened July 8th, 1854. The whole number of volumes at that time was 150. From the commencement, great interest has.been manifested by the members of the Association in the library. It is open on Wednesday evening, and Saturday afternoon and evening, of each week. From July 8tl, 1854, to April 22d, 1855, 4029 volumes were taken from the library; being an average of about 100 per week, during the whole time. The evening schools were commenced early in December, 1854, and continued in operation something more than three months. Instruction was given in reading, writing, spelling, grammar, geography, arithmetic, and algebra. There were five classes, each of which met one evening in the week; about 150 members of the Association were connected with these classes. Messrs. John E. Sanford, George A. Sawyer, William L. Gage, A. A. Leach, E. H. Bennett, and Dr. William Dickinson, gentlemen well cualified to teach, generously volunteered their services, which were gratefully accepted by the directors. An opportunity was thus afforded to apprentices and others, whose engagements prevented their attendance at the public schools, to give attention to the various branches taught, free of expense. The success in this department the past year is, in a great measure, attributable to the untiring zeal of those who, without compensation, engaged in teaching. A course of interesting lectures was delivered the past winter, under the direction of the Association, the proceeds of which amounted to $95 12. TOPSFIELD. TOPSFIELD ACADEMY. (1855.) 800 vols. Founded in 1854. Students and citizens have the use of the library. It is open once a week. 700 volumes are in English, 25 French, 10 German, 20 Latin, 15 Greek. 10 periodicals are taken. WESTFIELD. WESTFIELD NORMAL SCHOOL. (1857.) 1687 vols. All the normal pupils are entitled to the use of the library for $3 per 168 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. annum. The books are partly arranged on the shelves by subjects. The Reference Library is open every day that school is in session. The Lending Library twice a week,-Tuesdays and Fridays. The volumes are nearly all in the English language. WEST NEWTON. NEWTON ATHEN2EUM. (1856.) 1843 vols. Founded January, 1850. Receipts during 1854, $202 10; expenditures for books, $84 24; salaries, $50; incidentals, $24. $10 constitutes a life-member; annual subscription, $1 50. Open on Mondays, from 4~ to 9 P.M. -A catalogue was printed in 1856, at a cost of $42 for 300 copies. About 88 volumes are added annually. Cost of support, $150. Expended for books during the last five years, $731. Salary of librarian, $50. WEST ROXBURY. "An effort is making in West Roxbury to establish a public library. One gentleman is said to have contributed $1000 for the purpose, while he is ready to contribute the further sum of $5000, provided that $15,000 is raised by other individuals within the current year."NAorton's Literary Gazette, 1853. WILBRAHAM. WESLEYAN ACADEMY. "The institution is furnished with a reading-room, supplied with political, literary, and religious newspapers, and other periodicals, from various parts of the Union. This, with the institution, society, and Sabbath-school libraries, to all of which the students have access, furnishes an amount of miscellaneous reading as extensive as the wants of the student demand. " Connected with this institution, are four flourishing Societies for mutual improvement, viz., The YOUNG MEN'S DEBATING CLUB AND MASSACHUSETTS. 169 LYCEUM, the UNION PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, the ATHENA, and the PIERIAN ASSOCIATION. " The Trustees recently expended about twenty-five thousand dollars, in the erection of new buildings, and in repairs on those formerly occupied.'" WILLIAMISTOWN. WILLIAMS COLLEGE. (1857.) 7200 vols. The College library was founded contemporaneously with the College, in 1793. The yearly average increase for the last ten years has been 188 volumes. Yearly expenditure, $190. A brick building was erected for the accommodation of the library, by lion. Amos Lawrence, of Boston, in 1847, at a cost of $7000. It is called Lawrence Hall. A catalogue, 51 pages 8vo., was printed in 1845. The first was printed in 1794, others in 1812 and 1828. The library is open one hour every Wednesday and Saturday, during term time. The students of the two lower classes pay 40 cents each per term, for the use of books; those of the two upper classes pay 50 cents each. Books are lent out to clergymen and other literary gentlemen, even at a distance front the College, at the discretion of the librarian. About 800 are taken out annually. "As the building erected for the library of this College is one of the fewn in the planning of which the internal conveniences have been primarily consulted, it may not be amiss to give in this place a somewhat minute description of it. " It was required to erect a building for a library of 6000 volumes, capable of accommodating 30,000, and of being extended so as to hold 50,000, or more, without interfering with the part first built. The edifice was to be of brick, substantial and tasteful, and not to cost more than $7000. These, it must be confessed, are somewhat difficult conditions to meet. " The building is in form a regular octagon, each side 19 feet, the whole height 40 feet. The elevation presents a principal story of the Ionic order, with arched windows, one on each side, and plain pilasters. There is a rusticated basement, 13 feet in height. The entrance is by a single door in one face of the octagon. This door opens upon a vestibule, from which rises a circular staircase conducting to the library story, and 170 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. intended, when the increase of the library may demand it, to be carried up to the galleries. Leaving, for the present, the basement, we will notice the principal story. This is occupied as the library. It is lighted from the sides and the top; is cheerful, airy, and elegant. In the centre is a circular colonnade of eight Ionic pillars, from which springs a dome, surmounted by a lantern. The cases for the books are to be placed against the walls, and radiating from the columns to the corners of the octagon, thus dividing the room into eight alcoves and a circular area in the centre. One of these alcoves contains a circular staircase. The shelves at first built are only 7 feet high, and will contain say 10,000 volumes. When more shelves are required, a light iron gallery is to be laid upon the top of the cases, and another set of shelves, also 7 feet in height, is to be placed upon the first. This gallery is reached by a continuation of the circular staircase, one staircase being sufficient for so compact a library. The room will admit three such tiers of shelves. Thus the apartment will hold 30,000 volumes; all of which may be reached without the use of movable ladders. The librarian's desk is in the centre; from it he can see, by simply turning round, every person and every book in the room. "d The basement is divided into rooms corresponding in shape to the alcoves of the library. One of these divisions and the central area form together a lobby comm-unicating with the several rooms. Another of the divisions is occupied by the stairs. Two others form a room for the meetings of the trustees, and for a reading-room of periodicals. The division of the octagon directly behind the stairs, serves as an entrance to the cellar and as a lumber-room. The first room on the left of the lobby is the'packing-room,' into which all boxes of books are to be first brought, to be unpacked and examined. All books to be bound, or to be sent away for any purpose, should be invoiced and packed here. A dumb-waiter communicates with the library above. Next to the packing-room, and opening into it, is the librarian's room; next to that a room for engravings, manuscripts, and other articles which require to be kept apart from the principal collection, and guarded with special care." PHILOLOGIAN LIBRARY, WILLIAMS COLLEGE. (1857.) 4360 vols. Founded in 1795, by members of the College. The library is supported and governed by the Society. Expenditures for books and bind MASSACIHUSETTS. 171 ing in 1854, $100. Members are entitled to the use of the library; terms $5, initiation, and $3 yearly thereafter. The books are arranged on shelves by subjects. The library is open for one hour on Wednesday and Saturday. About 200. volumes are taken out each week. About 150 persons borrowed books during 1854. Nearly all the volumes are English, with a few Latin and Greek. A catalogue was printed in 1853: size, 130 pages; number, 900 copies; cost, $217 50. Another catalogue, 81 pages 8vo., was printed in 1856, at a cost of $100 for 400 copies. During 1854, the books were read as follows: fiction and poetry, one-fourth; history and travels, one-fourth; biography, oneeighth; magazines and reference-books, one-eighth; miscellaneous, onefourth. From 50 to 100 volumes are added yearly. The librarian receives $5, and two assistants, $3 each. PHILOTECIHNIAN LIBRARY, WILLIAMS COLLEGE. (1857.) 4410 vols. Founded November 11th, 1795, by the students. The library is supported by fees, taxes, and contributions. Receipts during 1854, $390. Expenditures for books, $125. Incidentals, $264. During 1856, the receipts were $300. Expenditures for books, $60. Binding, $25. Salaries, $11. Incidentals, $80. The members of the Society, Alumni, and Professors, are entitled to the use of the library; to members, 83 a year. The books are arranged on the shelves by general subjects. The library is open Wednesdays and Saturdays, one hour each day. 75 persons borrowed books during 1854; 220 during 1856. 4137 volumes are in English, 47 French, 16 Latin, 20 Greek, and 2 Tamil. A catalogue was printed in 1853, 120 pages; cost $113; number, 500. Another catalogue was printed in July, 1856, 80 pages 8vo., cost $94 for 350 copies. About 120 volumes are added every year. The annual cost of supporting the library is $40. Fiction, history, and reviews, are most in demand. The Philotechnian and Philologian Libraries originally formed the Adelphi Union Library, but were separated in 1841, and ever since have rapidly increased. Of those who have been connected with the former Society, 6 have become Presidents of Colleges, or Theological Semina*ries, 21 Professors, 5 College Trustees, 37 College Tutors, 2 U. S. Senators, 13 U. S. Representatives, 2 Governors, 2 Lieutenant-Gover MASSACHUSETTS. 173 royal 8vo. The regular hours for keeping the library open are from 9 AM. to I P.M., and from 2 to 5 P.m.; Saturday afternoons exceptecl. The library is free to the public for use on the premises. But books are not lent out, except that, by a special act of the Council in each case, permission may be had to take books from the town, a bond being given for their safe return. It is impossible to say how many persons consult the library annually.'The number is very large. The Preface to the catalogue (1837) contains the following sketch of the history of this library, which, from its public interest, we insert in full: " The library of the American Antiquarian Society owes its origin to the sound judgment and sagacious foresight, not less than to the public spirit and zeal for the diffusion of.knowledge, which marked the character of Isaiah Thomas, the venerable founder of the institution. The important contributions made by Dr. Thomas, both as an author and a printer, to the cause of good learning, need not here be repeated; they already form a part of our public history. From his press, much of the early literature of the country was supplied; and to his pen was it occasionally indebted for suggestions and illustrations, in the form of notes, prefaces, and appendices, giving increased value to the publications which issued under his auspices. His'History of Printing,' written after his retirement from business, was the fruit of his past industry and research, and is a standard work on the shelves of our principal libraries. "During his active period of life, while engaged in the publication of books, to an extent which kept nearly twenty presses in constant operation, and at the same time in conducting a magazine and newspaper of wide circulation, Mir. Thomas necessarily collected many books, pamphlets, and papers, which already constituted a library of considerable magnitude. To this he subsequently made additions, with a view to the preparation of his History. After the publication of that work, he justly considered the library which he had been gradually gathering, as a treasure of too much value to society to be hoarded in private while he lived, and perhaps scattered to the four winds at his decease. He was led, by this consideration, to propose an association for collecting and preserving the materials of history, to whose charge he might intrust his literary treasures, for the use of the present and future generations, and with the fond expectation that they would be the embryo of a collection hereafter to rival the famous libraries of Europe. His 174 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. design was submitted to his friends, with whose advice and assistance he matured a plan of organization for the American Antiquarian Society, and procured an act of incorporation October 24th, 1812. He was elected the first president, and continued in that office till his decease, April 4th, 1831, at the age of 82. "Immediately after the incorporation of the Society, Mr. Thomas bestowed upon it his library, then composed of about 3000 bound volumes, a great number of pamphlets, and a series of newspapers far more complete than any other existing in America. Soon afterwards, a donation of 900 volumes was received through the hands of Mrs. Hannah Crocker, a descendant of the Mather fallmily (in part a gift from herself, and partly a purchase by Mr. Thomas), being the remains of the library formerly belonging to Increase and Cotton Mather, the most ancient in Massachusetts, if not in the United States. A valuable addition was also made to the library and cabinet by the legacy of Rev. William Bentley, D.D., of Salem. The books bequeathed by Dr. Bentley, amounted to several hundred volumes, principally German editions and in the German tongue, besides a collection of Oriental manuscripts, including a splendid illuminated copy of the Koran, and several commentaries thereon. " Our munificent founder continued to cherish the child of his old age with truly parental assiduity. Every year he made liberal donations of books and rare curiosities, some of which were procured by him at considerable expense. The whole amount of his donations in books was between 7000 and 8000 bound volumes, a large number'of unbound tracts, and the greater proportion of all the newspapers now belonging to the Society. He was at the charge of printing the first volume of Transactions, published in 1820. In the same year, he erected the edifice now occupied by the Society, and gave it for their exclusive use. And to crown his benefactions, and place the existence and usefulness of the institution beyond the reach of ordinary vicissitude, he endowed it, at his decease, with a fund which, if not equal to all its wants, is ample compared with many other institutions, and will probably enable it hereafter to do good service in the republic of letters. " There are many other benefactors of the Society entitled to their gratitude, among whom it may be permitted to the committee charged with the publication of the catalogue to name the Hon. Thomas L. Winthrop, whose solicitude for the interests of the institution has been unceasing, and who has enriched the library with many volumes of MASSACHUSETTS. 175 great price and rarity. Mr. Thomas Wallcut, of Boston, has been the donor of a large collection of old books and pamphlets, especially suited to the objects and taste of the antiquary. The names of all donors, even of a single volume or tract, or any article of curiosity, are entered on our records, and will be transmitted, on the list of our patrons, to those who may come after us. " Soon after the incorporation of the Society, the national Government -made provision for supplying us with copies of the public laws and documents. The Legislatures of several of the States have generously made a similar provision. The Government of Miassachusetts furnishes two sets of all the publications ordered by the Legislature, including the statutes and judicial reports. These documents compose a valuable portion of our library; and should the example be imitated by the other States of the Union, a collection of public documents would soon be formed, whose importance to the statesman and the historian cannot be too highly estimated. " Nearly all the American papers printed before the Revolution are in this collection, and of some of them a more complete series is here to be found than is anywhere else in existence. " The manuscripts of the Society are of considerable value, especially that portion of them which relates to the early ecclesiastical history of New England. They embrace many of the papers of the BlathersRichard, Increase, Cotton, and Samuel; those of John Cotton, minister of the first church in Boston, and of John Cotton, the second, minister of Plymouth. There are many other manuscripts, which have already been consulted with advantage by authors and others, who have had occasion to investigate the venerable records of the past. The lapse of years will add to their importance; and those time-defaced pages, which are now merely glanced at as objects of curiosity, will hereafter be studied with an intense and eager interest. " The cabinet of the Society is not yet of great extent. The articles of most interest are those illustrating the manners of our fathers, and the weapons of war, articles of apparel, and doamestic utensils of the aborigines of North America. Specimens of this kind, of American origin, are more to be desired by an American Society of Antiquaries, than any articles, however rare or antique, brought hither froim the ransacked domains of the Old World. The cabinet contains a collection of coins, comparatively small, but amounting to nearly 2000 pieces, of 1716 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. which, however, many are duplicates. Among them is a considerable number of coins of the Roman Empire, and a few said to be of still more remote antiquity. It is believed there are specimens of nearly all the pieces of money ever struck in the present United States. "The library and cabinet of the institution are deposited in a building, in the construction and occupation of which great precaution has been taken for the security of the treasures accumulated within its walls. "A catalogue of the library has long been a desideratum, not only to the members of the Society, but to all who sought access to their archives. Without such an index, a great portion of our volumes were no better than sealed books to every inquirer who had not time or patience to seek, among the undigested mass, for such dates and facts as he desired to ascertain. The catalogue now published is almost wholly the work of the late lamented librarian, Christopher C. Baldwin, whose decease the Society deplores as an irreparable loss. It was prepared by him.with great care and labor, and is a monument of his untiring industry. It has been completed and brought up to the present date by the acting librarian, Maturin L. Fisher, Esq. Its accuracy, as far at least as regards the bound books, has been since subjected to the test of a careful comparison of its titles with the correspondent volumes on the shelves of the library. It is in the alphabetical form, which has been generally adopted by librarians, as more simple in its arrangement and more convenient for reference, than a systematic index. The plan pursued was to give the name of the author when known, and where the work is anonymous, briefly to state the subject. Each letter of the alphabet has been paged by itself, to facilitate the insertion of future additions under the respective letters, and thus render a new edition of the whole catalogue unnecessary, at least for several years. Our list of books, it will be observed, contains an unusual proportion of tracts, for which reason it is swollen to a size somewhat disproportionate to the solid contents of the library. But we prize this large collection of pamphlets, as a most important part of those materials for history, which it is the great object of the Society to preserve; and if the list was confined to these alone, we should judge it of sufficient consequence to warrant a publication. " A written catalogue of manuscripts, very minute in its titles and details, is now in a course of preparation, and will be kept in the library for the inspection of all who may have occasion to consult it." MASSAICHUSETTS. 177 Mr. S. F. Haven, the present accomplished and learned librarian, gives the following additional particulars respecting this library: " A prominent feature in the collection is the Mather Library, consisting of about 1000 volumes, and containing probably the greater portion of the books owned by Increase and Cotton BMather, as well as those of Richard, the father of Increase. The first two were emphatically the scholars of their day, in New England; and the works they collected, fairly represent the literature and learning of their time, whether historical, theological, or metaphysical, or relating to the natural sciences. This is perhaps the oldest private library in the country that has been transmitted from one generation to another. It was obtained from Mrs. Hannah Nather Crocker, granddaughter of Cotton Mather, and only remaining representative of the family in Boston-partly by gift and partly by purchase. It is called, in the records,'The remains of the ancient library of the Mathers,' and was considered by Isaiah Thomas as'the oldest library in New England, if not in the United States.' With these books was obtained a large collection of tracts and manuscripts belonging to the Mathers: the latter consisting of sermons, diaries, correspondence, and commonplaces. Many of the tracts are political, and relate to the period of the Revolution and the Commonwealth in England. Taken together, this Mather collection is unique, and of great historical value. "The pamphlets formin another prominent and somewhat peculiar feature. They undoubtedly contain a greater number and variety of fugitive publications, such as illustrate the character and spirit of the time, than can be found elsewhere in the country. Those of ancient date are numerous and curious. "The newspapers begin with the first number of the first paper printed in the United States; and, though the series is not perfect, it is, taking the whole period together, the most perfect that has been preserved. The collection of almanacs is, also, the most complete and curious that can probably be found in the country. The manuscripts are chiefly such as illustrate New England history. Many are theological; some are treatises and commentaries that have not been printed. There are many letters written by or addressed to the original settlers and their immediate descendants. There are a few diaries, and an untold quantity of manuscript sermons. Besides those of an older period, a mass of military papers relating to the American Revolution belong to the Society, 12 1s8 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. which, at the request of the State Government, have been deposited in the State House at Boston. "As to paintings and engravings, besides the family portraits of the Mlathers, five in number, the Society possesses an original portrait of Winthrop (received from the late William Winthrop, of Cambridge), together with the'stone pot, tipped and covered with a silver lydd,' containing the genealogy of the direct line in which that heirloom, the pot, had descended. This stone pot is referred to in Savage's edition of Winthrop's Journal. We have also portraits of Endicott, Higginson, John Rogers, the martyr; Governors Burnett and Leverett; Hannah Adams; our late presidents, Isaiah Thomas and Thomas L. Winthrop; Mr. Baldwin, late librarian; Charles Paxton, by Copley; Judge Chandler, &c.; and a very considerable collection of engraved heads in frames, bequeathed by the late Dr. Bentley, of Salem. "There are also many curious and rare old maps and charts." Receipts, and on hand, April, 1856, $35,010 16; October, 1856, $35,256 26. Expended, April, 1856, $911 71; October, 1856, $585 73. The average annual number of volumes added to the library for six years, is 798 books, and 1989 pamphlets. Books are not taken from the library. The following is an extract from the report of the librarian, S. F. Haven, Esq., 1856: " The prominent incident of the last six months, affecting the interests of our library, is a gift from IHon. Stephen Salisbury of a fund of five thousand dollars, the proceeds of which are restricted in their use to the binding of books, tracts, manuscripts, and other matter requiring that mode of preservation., The full importance of this foundation, may not, at first thought, be entirely obvious: it is only when its possible I"The binding of books is an humble and unattractive work, which, in all libraries, is liable to be neglected. My conviction of the importance of this work induces me to make the following proposition:'I offer to the American Antiquarian Society five thousand dollars, to be safely and productively invested as a separate fund, to be called' The Bookbinding Fund.' The income of this fund, as it accrues, is to be appropriated and paid, first to maintain the principal of said fund at the full value of five thousand dollars, and the balance of said income is to be expended in binding the manuscripts, books, and pamphlets of the American Antiquarian Society. And, if it shall happen in any year that there shall be a surplus of said balance of income above what is required for bookbinding, that surplus may be expended for the purchase of books for the library, and for no other purpose. "-Extract from Letter of Stephen Salisbuey. MASSACHUSETTs. 179 consequences are duly estimated that all its advantages appear. I am not aware that a similar provision has been made for any other institution. The means for such purpose are always drawn with reluctance from general funds; and the temptation to apply any spare accumulation of income to the purchase of new books is seldom resisted. It is natural that this should be the case, as a larger number of volumes of recognized value can usually be obtained in that way, than by employing an equal sum in binding loose materials. Hence, in most libraries, if not in aill, a vast majority of the papers and pamphlets that have been collected are packed away in boxes or bundles; while only a few, deemed the most important, are selected to be bound; the remainder are postponed to that indefinite and very uncertain time to come, when the treasury shall have no other pressing demands upon its resources. All librarians will testify to this condition of things, as a weight on their official consciences which they find little prospect of removing. "But a short treatise upon a new subject, of which but few copies are printed, although the subject itself, and the original suggestions respecting it, may ultimately swell into great importance, stands very little chance of reaching posterity, unless, in some fortunate companionship, it has been raised to the dignity of a bound volume. It is gratifying to be able to hold out to the busy multitude of thinking men who are not authors, in the ordinary sense of the word, but who speak and write in a casual way on topics of public interest, an assurance that the ideas they have cherished, and labored to express, shall have a place among the permanent materials of history, if they will intrust them to our care; and it may be anticipated, that the knowledge of an ability to make good this assurance will much increase the number and variety of publications that are tendered for our acceptance." COLLEGE OF THE HOLY CROSS. (1852.) 4660 vols. Founded in 1843. It is opened every day. The professors of the College, and such of the students as have special leave from the president, are entitled to the use of the books. Books are occasionally lent out to persons at a distance from the College. There are 742 coins and medals. There are 600 volumes in the Society libraries. The librarian makes the following remarks: "I would mention, as rare books in our library, a Psalterium Octo Singnarum, by Augustine Giustiniani, Bishop of Genoa; published in 1516. It contains the 180 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Psalter in Hebrew, Greek, Arabic, and Chaldaic, with three Latin interpretations and notes. There is, in one of the notes, a short life of Columbus, interesting, as being by a contemporary. It was presented to the library by the Rev. A. Manahan, of Boston. " A Journal of the Irish House of Commons, in 30 folio volumes, for which we are indebted to the generosity of Mr. Donahoe, of the Boston Pilot, is rare, I believe, in this country. We have also some folio editions of the Fathers of the Church, and of the Greek and Latin Classics, published in the 16th and 17th centuries, of which, I think, there are but few copies in the United States. A Sallust, in Saxon character, printed in 1526, at Paris, might be noticed as a curiosity." WORCESTER COUNTY MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1796 vols. Founded February 5th, 1842. Incorporated March 9th, 1850. Receipts in 1854, $400. Expended for books, $200. Binding, $45. Salaries, $150. Incidentals, 5. Open Saturday evening. 366 persons borrowed books in 1854. All the volumes are in English. A catalogue was printed in 1854, of which 1500 were printed. Another in 1857, of 83 pages 8vo. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $175. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 190. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 7860. A building was commenced for the Association in 1855, and dedicated March 19th, 1857. It is of brick, and erected in the most permanent manner. The library-room is 24 by 36 feet. WORCESTER LYCEUM AND LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1855.) 1298 vols. Founded November, 1829. Incorporated March 26, 1853. Any inhabitant of Worcester over 16 years of age can use the library, by the annual payment of $1 by gentlemen, and 50 cents by ladies and minors. All the books are in English. Receipts during 1855, $677 52. Expenditures, $410 28. WORCESTER DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 1800 vols. A society of physicians was first organized in Worcester, in 1794, MASSACHUSETTS. 181 under the name of the Worcester Medical Society. This continued in operation ten years, till 1804, when it was dissolved, and the same members organized under the present title, with a charter from. the Massachusetts Medical Society, which is authorized by law to establish district societies in different parts of the State, to be composed of the Fellows of the State Society, residing within the limits of their respective districts. A small library was started early in the existence of the Society, but up to 1846 it did not contain more than 200 volumes. At that time, a bequest was received from the Hon. Daniel Waldo, of $6000, to be retained as a permanent fund, the interest only of which should be expended for books. Another bequest for the same purpose, has since been received from Dr. C. W. Wilder, late of Leominster, of $500. These funds were suffered to increase, and there is now $8000 invested, the interest of which is annually expended for books. The design is to make it a special medical library, including the collateral sciences. A room is granted, free of charge, for the library, by Dr. John Green. From Nay, 1853, to May, 1856, about 900 volumes were added. The annual cost of supporting the library is about $480. During the last five years, $2400 have been expended. YOUNG MEN'S LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 3800 vols. Incorporated March, 1853. Opened June, 1853. All inhabitants of Worcester over 14 years of age can use the library, by paying $1 annually, or $20 for life-membership. Receipts during 1854, $1028. Expenditures, $1048 30. During 1854, 11,000 volumes were lent to 400 persons. The librarian receives $200 salary. In 1854, there were 1762 volumes. 8620 were taken out by 434 persons. In 1855, there were 2126 volumes. 11,000 were taken out by 450 persons. In 1856, there were 2610 volumes. 14,100 were taken out by 350 persons. In 1855, the library of the Rhetorical Society was transferred to the Young Men's Association, and the Worcester Lyceum was also united with it. In 1856, Dr. John Green placed his valuable collection of 6000 volumes in charge of the Association. In the report for 1857, great complaint is made of the number of volumes missing, and supposed to be "stolen.", It is stated that many who are not members, make use of the library and reading-room. 182 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Al I C H I G A N, ALBION. ALBION FEMALE COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE AND WESLEYAN SEMINARY. (1856.) 1000 vols. Students have access to the library by paying 25 cents per term. The reading-room is furnished with periodicals from Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and Cincinnati, and also with the leading American and foreign reviews. The CLEVER FELLOWS, ECLECTICS, YOUNG LADIES' ASSOCIATION, and the ATHENIEDES SOCIETY, are literary circles, formed for improvement in the art of composition. Periodicals are published monthly by each of these societies, under the names of the American Peloponnesus, the Eclectic Review, the Yougig Ladies' Casket, and the Athenzceuz. The PARTHENON and the PHILOSIATHIAN SOCIETY, are debating societies that meet weekly for the purpose of improvement in general information, in forensic debate, in parliamentary usages, and in extemporaneous speaking. WESLEYAN COLLEGE. (1857.) 1129 vols. Founded in 1842. It was only in.1856 that a room was devoted to the library. The present librarian states: " Our students are beginning to appreciate a good reference library, and call daily for books we have not. How much we need books here in the West relating to biography and scientific researches! Our youth literally devour the literature we have." The fee for the use of the library is $1 per annum. None but officers and students of the College are entitled to the privilege. The library is open six hours, five days every week. Eighteen periodicals are taken. Fifty volumes are added yearly, mainly by donations. MICHIGAN. 183 ANN ARBOR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. (1857.) 7000 vols. This institution was established in 1837, and in the following year Dr. Asa Gray, now of Harvard, was elected to the chair of botany and zoology. $5000 were placed at his disposal for the purchase of books in Europe, as the commencement of the University library. This secured a collection of nearly 4000 volumes, comprising many rare works. The valuable library of Dr. Houghton, the State Geologist, was next obtained. In 1853, there was an addition of 1000 volumes, by means of a subscription from the citizens of Ann Arbor. The University has always been in the constant receipt of public documents and pamphlets. Many works have also been presented, at various times, by different individuals. There are now about 7000 volumes in the library, among which are such works as Audubon's Birds of America, Lord Kingsborough's Antiquities of Mexico, &c. A large number of periodicals, both American and foreign, are annually received. One of the main buildings of the University has been appropriated for the library, cabinet, and museum. The means of illustration of the natural sciences are very ample, and include, 1. A collection of minerals, embracing over 6000 specimens, mostly' European. This collection was purchased of the late Baron Lederer, and is therefore called the "Lederer collection." 2. A collection of the mineral species of Michigan, embracing all the varieties of copper and associated minerals from the different localities of the Lake Superior district. This collection is partly the fruit of the State Geological survey, and partly the result of the subsequent labors of the Professor of Geology. 3. A complete series of geological and paleontological specimens from Michigan, being the collections made by the State Survey. 4. A museum containing about 1000 specimens of birds, besides quadrupeds, reptiles, fishes, marine shells, and a nearly complete series of land- and fresh-water testacea, from Michigan and surrounding districts. There is also a fine collection of marine, terrestrial, and fluviatile mollusca. An extensive and valuable addition to the museum is expected from Lieutenant W. P. Trowbridge, recently elected to the chair of mathematics in the University, " who, while successfully pursuing his duties as tidal observer on the Pacific coast, in connection with 184 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. the United States Coast Survey, employed his leisure moments in forming one of the largest collections of natural history ever made in this country."-e Smithsonian Report, 1854. 5. An herbarium, illustrative of the flora of the State, containing 1500 species. The last catalogue of the library was published in 1846, which is now out of print, but a new and more complete one is in course of preparation. The library is continually receiving additions by purchase, donation, and exchange, and is open daily for consultation.-J. L. Tapp2an. DETROIT OBSERVATORY. This Observatory, a donation of the citizens of Detroit, is situated half a mile fiom the University ground, on a hill 150 feet above the Huron River, from which is presented one of the most charming views in the country. The building consists of a main part, with the movable dome, 21 feet in diameter, and two wings, one of which contains the rooms for the observer, while in the other, the splendid Meridian-Circle presented by H. N. N. alker, of Detroit, is mounted. This instrument, which is one of the largest and best of its kind, was imported from Berlin. The focal length of its telescope is 8 feet, the aperture of the object glass, 6 French inches. It is furnished with two circles, a little more than three English feet in diameter, and with 8 microscopes, by which one can read the divisions of the circles up to one-tenth of a second. The same room contains a siderial clock, made by Tiede, in Berlin, and two collimators, north and south from the Meridian-Circle, for the determination of the error of collimation and of the flexure of the telescope. In the dome a large telescope, with an object-glass of 13 English inches in diameter, is mounted. This instrument, which, in size, is surpassed only by the telescope in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and by that in Pulkova, in Russia, was made by Mr. Fitz, in New York. Its object-glass, the first of a large size made in this country, is very excellent, and does great honor to the skill of Mr. Fitz. DETROIT. HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MICHIGAN. Reorganized in 1857, under circumstances so auspicious as to give assurance that it will be permanently successful and extensively useful. MICHIGAN. 185 MECHANICS' SOCIETY. (1857.) 1566 vols. Founded in 1818. Incorporated May, 1820. Library commenced October, 1842. The initiation fee is $5. The receipts during 1854 were $339 33. Expenditures for books, $105 40. Salaries, 116 98. Incidentals, $40. In 1856, expended for books, $238 40. Binding, $50. Periodicals, $15. The library is open every Saturday evening. During 1854, 1100 volumes were lent to 150 persons; during 1856, 1500 to 150 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1851, 8vo. 300 copies cost $35 20. About 120 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years $1001 93 have been expended for books. All the books are in English, except one in German, and one in an Oriental language. In August, 1856, the library building was injured by fire. MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. (1855.) 253 vols. Founded in 1850. The library of the Society is merely a nucleus for future growth, no appropriations ever having been made by the Society. It is slowly but steadily increasing in its number of volumes and value. The library is open every day for the use of members. (See State Agricultural College, Lansing.) YOUNG 3MEN'S SOCIETY. (1857.) 3500 vols. Formed in 1833. Incorporated in 1836. The annual increase has been about 100 volumes; but of late a new and vigorous impulse has been given to the Society. 5000 volumes were taken out during 1854. A brick building was erected by the Society, in 1850, 95 feet by 48. The second story contains, besides two offices, a large hall for lectures, 70 feet by 40. The third story is divided into two rooms: one for a library, and the other for a committee-room, &c. This edifice cost about $8000. The lot on which it is built (valued at $5000) was given to the Society by the Land Board of the then district. It is eligibly situated on Jefferson Avenue, the principal commercial street of the city. Receipts during 1854, $2121 66. Expended during 1854, $2052 97. Members are elected by the Board of Managers. They pay $2 each, as initiation fee, and an annual assessment of $2. The Society is not solely a library association, but it embraces also another department, 186 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. that of lectures and debates. A catalogue of the library (43 pages 8vo.) was printed in 1842. Another, 67 pages 8vo. in 1857. FLINT. FLINT SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE. Incorporated February 3d, 1853. The objects of this Society are to promote the study and investigation of the several branches of scientific knowledge; the establishment of a library of scientific works and cabinet of natural history; and, by the Constitution, its funds shall be exclusively devoted to the procuring of such books, charts, and other matters, as shall promote those objects. It is provided that the following Article of the Constitution shall be irrepealable and unalterable. " Art. XII. This Institute shall never be dissolved without the consent of every member. In case of dissolution, the property of the Institute shall not be distributed among the members; but donors may claim and receive their donations; and the remainder shall be given to some public institution, on such condition as may be agreed on: the faithful performance of which condition shall be secured by bonds, with sufficient penalties for the non-fulfilment thereof." KALAMAZOO. LADIES' LIBRARY. (1857.) 633 vols. Founded in 1852. The annual subscription for ladies is 50 cents per annum, for gentlemen, $1. The receipts during 1854 were $321 31. Of this, $100 25 were expended for books, $5 38 for binding, and $214 91 for incidentals. During the last five years, $1627 82 were expended for books. The library is open every Friday afternoon. During 1854, 4000 volumes were lent to 140 persons. A catalogue was printed in December, 1853; 100 copies on a half sheet cost $5. Another catalogue, of 14 pages 8vo., was printed in 1856, at a cost of $22 63 for 250 copies. There were 170 members in 1855. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $87 33. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 84. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, about 5200. MICHIGAN. 187 LANSING. STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. (1857.) 300 vols. Incorporated February 12, 1855. In 1857, $40,000 were appropriated for building, furniture, library, &c., by the Legislature. A building, 100 feet by 50, has been erected for the College, and a boardinghouse of the same size. The tuition is free. The students must be residents of Michigan. They labor three hours a day. The library of the State Agricultural Society has been presented to this College. STATE LIBRARY. (1857.) 7000 vols. Founded in 1836. From 1839 to 1848, there were no additions by purchase. In 1848, about 395 volumes were purchased for $620, and 226 volumes were presented. In 1849, about 400 volumes were added to the collection. The library is kept in a room of the capitol. A catalogue was printed April 1st, 1846. Another in 1857, 41 pages 8vo. The library is open every day from 9 A.nM. to 12 M., and from 2 to 4 P.M. State officers and members of the Legislature are entitled to take out the books. The salary of the State librarian is $500. An Act, April 8, 1851, provides as follows: "The State librarian, in addition to the duties prescribed by law, shall keep a set of meteorological tables, after the forms adopted by the Smithsonian Institution, and under the direction of the Superintendent of Public Instruction; and the same shall be embraced with the Annual Report of the Superintendent, together with the report of the librarian." STATE PRISON. (1856.)'600 vols. The library is valued at $235. The expenditures on the library were, in 1853, $87 31; 1854, $112 69; 1855, $121 84. 188 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. MINNESOTA. ST. ANTHIONY. ST. ANTHONY LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1851.) 200 vols. The St. Anthony Library Association was incorporated November 1, 1849. During the winter of 1849, a series of lectures was delivered before the Association. Just after the incorporation of the Society, a purchase of books was made, as a nucleus of the proposed library. UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. The first meeting of the Regents of this institution was held May 31, 1852. Four acres of land for the site of the building were given by Franklin Steele, Esq. ST. PAUL. MINNESOTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Incorporated October 20th, 1849. This Society has been exceedingly active in collecting materials for the illustration of the history and settlement of the country, and have published valuable transactions. One of its members, Rev. S. R. Riggs, was the author of the Dacotah Dictionary, published by the Smithsonian Institution as Volume IV of its " Contributions to Knowledge." It has already collected a library and cabinet of considerable value. TERRITORIAL LIBRARY. (1856.) 5000 vols. Founded in 1849, by an appropriation of $5000 by Congress for the purpose. Officers of the Territory, members and ex-members of the Legislature, have the use of the library. It is open every day, from 9 A.M. to 12 x., and from 2 to 4 P.M. During 1854, about 400 books were lent to 100 persons. 5000 volumes are in English, 5 French, 1 German, 1 Spanish, 1 other modern language, 1 Latin, 2 Greek. A list of the books was printed in 1850, 32 pages 8vo. Nine newspapers are taken, but no periodicals. The salary of the librarian is 8600. MISSISSIPPI. 189 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. The first meeting having reference to the organization of this Association, was held on Monday evening, July 28, 1856. The Constitution was adopted September 22d. Active and associate members must be under 45 years of age, and pay $2 per annum. Counselling members are over that age, and pay the same amount. Life-members, $20. MISS ISS IP PI. GRENADA. TOWN LIBRARY. An effort has just been made (January, 1857) to establish a town library and reading-room association. JACKSON. STATE LIBRARY. (1855.) 5000 vols. Founded by Act of Legislature, passed February 15th, 1838, appropriating $3000 for the purchase of suitable books. Previous to 1842, there was an annual appropriation of $1000 for the purchase of books; since then, the appropriation has been $500, one-fifth of which is for law books. The library is on the third floor of the State capitol. " A Catalogue of the Library of the State of Mississippi, arranged alphabetically, under different heads, with the number, size, and cost of the volumes of each work specified, to which are prefixed the rules and regulations provided for its government," 27 pages 8vo., was printed at Jackson in 1839; the same, with additions, 34 pages 8vo., 1841; same, 1845, 43 pages 8vo.; same, 61 pages 8vo., 1847; same, 51 pages 8vo., 1849. A catalogue was printed in January, 1854, 58 pages 8vo., 500 copies cost $50. Another in January, 1857, 62 pages 8vo. The price of each book is given in every catalogue, and forms a novel 190 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. but interesting feature. The library is open every day during the session of the Legislature, Sundays excepted, from 9 A.M. to 3 P.M. All persons are allowed to use the library when open, but no one is allowed to take out books but the trustees, State treasurer, adjutant-general, judges of the United States Circuit Court, and members of the Legislature while in session. Persons who have filled the office of governor of the State, chancellor, judge of the High Court of Errors and Appeals, United States senator from the State, whilst they may be in the city of Jackson, are allowed to borrow books. For every book issued, a receipt or note of twice its value, or twice the value of the set to which it may belong, must be given, conditioned on its safe return, and the payment of all forfeitures and penalties for detention beyond the time limited by the laws. The fines for detention are: for a folio, $1 per day; quarto, 50 cents; an octavo or duodecimo, 25 cents. OAKLAND. OAKLAND COLLEGE. (1857.) 2640 vols. " The origin of this College may be traced to a meeting of the Presbytery of Mississippi, held in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in April, 1829. There was not, at that time, a single college prepared to give a regular collegiate education within the States of Louisiana, Mississippi, and the Territory of Arkansas; containing a population of more than 200,000, and a tract of country of more than 145,000 square miles. "In the winter of 1831, a charter was granted by the Legislature of the State, conferring the name of'The Institution of Learning under the care of the Mississippi Presbytery.' On the 4th of February, 1832, the name of Oakland College was assumed, by which title it has ever since been known. In 1833, the first commencement was held, believed to be the first ever celebrated south of Tennessee. The College has had many vicissitudes, but is now (1856) out of debt; all its buildings, equal to any in the South, are in good condition. During the 22 years which elapsed from their first commencements, the average number of students graduated each year, were: at Yale, 516-; at Harvard, 6-3; at Oakland7 6-~9. "In 1841, $83000 were appropriated for books, but the library has been increased principally by donations. An apartment in the College chapel (a brick building), 26 feet by 22, and 14 feet high, is used for the MIISSISSIPPI. 191 library. The library is open once a week for an hour, and frequently at other times. Books are lent to all who apply for them: few, however, are taken out except by the officers and students of the College. " The number of volumes in the English language is 2484; French, 16; German, 8; Spanish, 4; other modern languages, 3; Latin, 99; Greek, 19; Hebrew, 7; total, 2640. a" The only system adopted thus far, has been to place upon the shelves as many volumes as could be crowded upon them, and to distribute the remainder in boxes, or upon the floor. We hope for better things ere long. " At present (1857) the library is not in a condition to encourage fiequent resort to it. The hope is entertained that before long it will be suitably fitted up, shelved, &e. &c., and a catalogue made out. The trustees are incurring very heavy expenses for additional college buildings, which may, for a while, retard the improvement of the library. "' There are the following collections of natural history: ornithology, 300; reptilia, 200; mammalia, 15; minerals, 2000; fossils, 5000; mollusca (marine and fresh-water), 6000. Indian antiquities, 500. Collection illustrating manners and customs of various nations, 300. (Chiefly given to Oakland College by Rev. Benjamin Chase, of Natchez, and called,'The Chase Cabinet.') "In addition to the 2640 volumes in the College library, there are 2000 in the libraries of the literary societies, making 4640 in all, in the libraries connected with the College, and 2400 in the private libraries of the faculty: in all, 7040 volumes at the College. A much larger number has been erroneously stated in former years." OXFORD. UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI. (1857.) 4000 vols. This University went into operation in November, 1848. The State makes an annual appropriation for books and apparatus of $3000. The income of the College is $16,000. A large sum has recently been expended in the purchase of valuable books in every branch of science and literature. During the last five years $9000 were expended for books. 250 volumes are in French, 5 other modern languages, 60 in Latin, 45 in Greek, 4 in Hebrew. 15 periodicals are taken. Salary of librarian, $100. 190 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. MISSOURI, CAPE GIRARDEAU. ST. VINCENT'S COLLEGE. (1857.) 5000 vols. Incorporated in 1843. About 200 volumes are added yearly. $500 were expended during the last five years for books. "As our library is private and for the use of the College, we have never furnished any report of it. We have no printed catalogue. The librarian is always one of ourselves, appointed for the time by the president of the College. "The library is arranged by the subjects of the works, viz.: Holy Scripture and commentators, theology, philosophy, history, &c.; these names are printed in large characters, and placed over the shelves containing the volumes. " We have a generally well-assorted collection of theology, holy fathers, history (ancient and modern), Latin, French, Greek, Spanish, and English works."- Letter from J. J. McCGarry, Secretary of Board. COLUMBIA. MISSOURI UNIVERSITY. (1856.) 2300 vols. The University of the State of Missouri was chartered by the Legislature during the session of 1838-9, and went into full operation under its present organization on the 1st of January, 1844; since which time it has been in successful operation, affording to students the educational advantages ordinarily enjoyed in similar institutions. The University edifice, a spacious, tasteful, and commodious building, was erected at an expense of about $85,000, by the liberality of the citizens of the County of Boone, in which it is located. The annual revenue of the institution, exclusive of fees for tuition, is the income of a. State fund of $100,000; being the proceeds of the sales of lands donated by Congress to the State for university purposes. The principal is well invested, and is legally inviolable. MISSOURI. 193 The receipts during 1854, were $1874. $1100 were expended for books. The faculty and students have the free use of the library, which is open two hours every Friday. During 1854, 261 volumes were lent to 57 persons. Blackwood's Magazine and the four British Reviews are taken. The ATHENIAN SOCIETY had, in 1855, 200 volumes; and the UNION LITERARY SOCIETY, 325 volumes. In 1856, the aggregate number of volumes was 1000. FAYETTE. HOWARD HIGH SCHOOL. This School was founded in 1844, and had a library of 500 volumes in 1851. In 1854, the building with all its contents was entirely consumed. A new edifice has been erected, and a commencement made of a library. The School is in a very prosperous condition. FULTON. DEAF AND DUMB ASYLUM. This institution has a small library and cabinet. 14 periodicals are furnished by publishers to the reading-room. STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM. This institution has a library. 25 periodicals are received. WESTMINSTER COLLEGE. (1856.) 400 vols. " Westminster College is placed by its charter under a board of trustees, all of whom are appointed by the Synod of the (0. S.) Presbyterian Church of Missouri. The leading acts of the Synod, therefore, founding this institution, and commending it to the Church, may be instructive and interesting. " At the meeting of Synod in Potosi, 1851, the following preamble and resolutions were passed: " Whereas, the interests of religion and the wants of the Church 13 194 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. imperiously demand that there should be established at some eligible point within our bounds, a literary institution of high order, to be in the interest of the Presbyterian Church, subject to its control and favored with its patronage and supervision: "' And whereas the indications of Providence suggest that the time has come to set about the work: therefore, "' 1. Resolved, That we rise up and build. "'2. Resolved, That Preston B. Reed, William Provines, John G. Miller, James Young, Edward M. Samuel, S. S. Watson, Hamilton R. Gamble, M. P. Cayce, and James Sterritt, be, and they are hereby appointed, commissioners, and empowered to select and recommend a suitable site or sites, and report to the next meeting of Synod.' "There are three societies in the institution: two literary and one religious. The PHILOLOGIC and the PHILALETRIAN Literary Societies, have elegant halls in the College building, which have been neatly fitted up and furnished during the year. They have weekly meetings, and their libraries already number several hundred volumes. The SOCIETY OF INQUIRY has a set of missionary maps, and is in correspondence with similar societies in the colleges throughout our land. It receives several periodicals, is collecting a library, has monthly meetings, and is a source of great benefit to the students." HANNIBAL. HANNIBAL LIBRARY INSTITUTE. (1855.) 425 vols. Chartered by the Legislature in 1845. It flourished for some years, and was productive of much benefit, but subsequently declined. An effort has lately been made to revive it, with great prospect of success. The annual fee is $1. JEFFERSON CITY. HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI. (1851.) 300 vols. From the first number of the " Annals" of the Society (29 pages 8vo., 1848), we take the following account of the Society and its collections: " In the year 1844, a few individuals made an effort to establish an MISSOURI. 195 Historical and Philosophical Society for the State of Missouri, similar to institutions successfully established in other States. On the 18th of December, in that year, a meeting was held in the Senate chamber, in the City of Jefferson, at which measures were taken to organize the Society; addresses were delivered explaining its object and utility, a constitution adopted for its government, fourteen gentlemen enrolled their names as members, and a committee was appointed to apply to the General Assembly for an act of incorporation. The Rev. Dr. Goodrich presented to the Society a volume of ancient travels in America, and a fac-simile engraving of hieroglyphics, *found in an Indian mound in Illinois, and these constituted the beginning of a library and cabinet, which will probably become extensive and valuable. The constitution declared the objects of the Society to be, to collect and preserve all papers, memorials, and documents connected with the early history of Missouri; and all statistics in any way pertaining to the population, mineral, navigable, and agricultural resources of the State, and to make publication thereof from time to time. In conformity to the request of the Society, an act of incorporation was passed and approved by the governor on the 27th day of February, 1845. Since that time, an act has been passed granting to the Society the use of a room in the Capitol, well adapted to its purposes. The Society is located at the City of Jefferson, but branches or auxiliary societies may be established in any other part of the State. "The first annual meeting of the Society was held on the 20th of January, 1845. "A room has been fitted up for the reception of books, pamphlets, papers, manuscripts, curiosities, and other articles; and the foundation for a library, cabinet, and museum, has been laid; and hopes are entertained that the liberality and public spirit of the citizens of Missouri will cause the same to be rapidly increased by many valuable additions." STATE LIBRARY OF MISSOURI. (1851.) 4637 vols. Established by law in 1829. In 1831, the sum of $150 a year was appropriated for the purchase of books. In 1833, this was raised to $450. On the 15th November, 1837, the library was nearly entirely destroyed by fire, and very little aid has been received to replace it. The Legislature of 1855, however, appropriated $3000 to this purpose; and ordered an annual appropriation of $500 hereafter, together with 196 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. whatever money is received by the Secretary of State from the sale of Missouri Supreme Court Reports. The library is open during the sittings of the Supreme Court and General Assembly, from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. Members of the Legislature and attorneys of the Supreme Court only, are allowed to take books from the library. The clerk of the Supreme Court is ex-officio chief librarian, with a salary of 8300 per annum. He has two assistants. LEXINGTON. MASONIC COLLEGE. Incorporated in 1843. "The institution is furnished with apparatus and a library adequate to its present wants." ST. LOUIS. ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. (1857.) 300 vols. Incorporated January 17, 1857. The objects of the Academy are stated in the constitution to be " the promotion of science. It embraces zoology, botany, geology, mineralogy, palseontology, ethnology (especially that of the aboriginal tribes of North America), chemistry, physics, mathematics, meteorology, and comparative anatomy and physiology. "It shall, furthermore, be the object of this Academy to collect and treasure, specimens illustrative of the various departments of science above enumerated; to procure a library of works relating to the same, with the instruments necessary to facilitate their study, and to procure original papers on them. "It shall also be the object of this Academy, to establish correspondence with scientific men, both in America and other parts of the world." In August, 1856, the library, consisting of 120 volumes, the mineralogical and geological collection, cases, and apparatus belonging to the Western Academy of Natural Science of St. Louis, was transferred to this institution. A volume of Transactions was published in 1857, 92 pages, with plaLtes; containing, also, a catalogue of about 300 volumes in the library. MISSOURI. 197 MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 13,510 vols. Founded January, 1846, by the following merchants, John C. Tevis, Peter Powell, A.:B. Chambers, J. F. Franklin, R. P. Perry, R. K. Woods, John Halsall, and William P. Scott. The Association is governed by a board of twelve directors, elected annually. The Association is formed of merchants and dle-rks. The former pay an entrance fee of $5, and $5 annually. Clerks pay 82 entrance, and $3 annually. Other persons can use the library for $5 a year, without any voice in the government. Life-members are constituted by the payment of $100. The library is open every day from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M. "The rooms, in which the library was long kept, being found too small for the accommodation of its fast-increasing volumes and numerous readers and visitors, some of its friends determined to make an effort for its more permanent and suitable accommodation. To this end they procured the enactment of a law by the Legislature of the State, for the incorporation of a Joint Stock Company, for the purpose of building a library hall; first, for the accommodation of the library, and secondly, for such other useful purposes as they might elect. " After some effort the stock was taken up, one of our enterprising and most esteemed citizens, Henry D. Bacon, Esq., having subscribed twentyone thousand dollars to this object. Others, although in smaller sums, made up the whole amount of stock, and the building has been erected, which, while it furnishes the library ample accommodations, is at the same time highly ornamental to the city, and a monument to the enterprise and public spirit of those who were instrumental in its erection. This fine and substantial edifice is one hundred and five feet front by one hundred and twenty-seven feet deep, by a height of ninety feet, and cost about $140,000. The lower or first story is arranged as stores, on Fifth Street, while on Locust Street are suitably fitted up the rooms of the Young Men's Christian Association. The second floor is occupied for the library, beautifully fitted up and elegantly lighted with gas, while excellent works, in all languages, filling the cases, seem to court attention, and chairs and desks everywhere invite both young and old to the intellectual banquet. On this floor also, beside many small rooms,. is the small hall or'lecture-room,' fitted up for the accommodation of an audience of 700 hearers. But the grand feature of the building is the great hall in the third story, which will easily seat two thousand persons. This hall, also, is splendidly illuminated with gas, and 198 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. when built was the only one in the city capable of seating an audience of that size. The design ultimately had in view in building this edifice was, that it might enure to the advancement and extension of the library; to this end the library Association have the right to purchase, or otherwise acquire the stock in the hall, and the income from rents is to be a source of annual increase of the books in addition to donations and other means of increase; and it is to be hoped that the large stockholders will accede to the very liberal suggestions of Mr. Bacon, and donate their stock to the library, thus giving it a permanent endowment for all time to come, and the means of increasing both the number of volumes and the facilities for reading them.", From the outset, the greatest care was observed in the selection of books. The original classification was proposed by Mr. Alfred Vinton, to whose devotion to its interests the Association owes much of its prosperity. His classification was: 1. Books of Reference. 2. Science, Art, and Manufacture. 3. Voyages and Travels. 4. History and Biography. 5. Poetry, Belles-Lettres, Bibliography, Oratory, Drama, Philosophy, and Fine Arts. 6. Fiction. The librarian asserts that there is a less amount of trash in it, than in any similar library in the country. The library was opened in April, 1846, and in 1847 there were 1018 volumes, a membership of 261, and an income of $2664. In 1851, there were 589 members; in 1854, 1005; in 1855, 1157; and in 1856, 1303 members. 1854. 1855. 1856. Total receipts,... $12,208 89 $13,241 50 $19,690 46 Expenditures for books,.. 1309 66 410 98 298 92 binding, 11 15 272 35 r" periodicals,. 345 18 409 38 343 78 salaries,. 2100 00 2150 00 1675 00 " incidentals,. 8442 90 9998 79 17,272 76 Total,... $12,208 89 $13,241 50 $19,690 46 During 1854, 10,983 volumes were lent to 870 persons. During 1855, 15,219 volumes were lent to 1021 persons. During 1856, 16,012 MISSOURI. 199 volumes were lent to 1137 persons. Of the volumes in the library, 11,666 are in English, 858 French, 218 German, 55 Spanish, 32 other modern languages, 210 Latin, 30 Greek, 15 Hebrew, and 5 Oriental. A catalogue was printed in January, 1850, 8vo. 315 pages, at a cost of $477 80 for 1000 copies. A supplement, of 107 pages 8vo., was printed in January, 1851, at a cost of $229 40 for 1000 copies. The cost of binding is not included. The catalogue is classified on the plan of Professor B. Pierce's catalogue of 1830, of the library of Harvard University. On the 1st January, 1856, there were 13,089 books, 2 MSS., 7 maps, 2 engravings, 17 paintings, 11 busts, and 1 statue, in the library; also a case of American birds. The number of magazines and periodicals received is very large, embracing 17 quarterlies, 3 bi-monthlies, 40 monthlies, 1 semi-monthly, 17 weeklies, 26 dailies; total, 105. On the 13th January, 1857, the property was valued at $47,862 54. In relation to lectures, the following remarks are made in the last report: "In conclusion, we would remark, that it appears to be almost useless to attempt to get successful courses of lectures before our Association, and there is but one plan that we think could be adopted with success. It is to raise a lecture fund by procuring subscribers to a list, for a series of twenty or twenty-five lectures, to be delivered during a season. 350 or 400 subscribers would, at twenty-five cents each lecture, create a fund sufficient to insure the Association from any loss, and the Lecture Committee would then have some data to be governed by, so as to make engagements with able and distinguished lecturers, whose terms have hitherto precluded the idea of their visiting us. We believe, with such a list of subscribers, there would be more interest taken in lectures, and that there are also many persons who would be willing to contribute $5 or $6 for the purpose of assisting, in that manner, the promotion of useful knowledge and literary taste, at a small expense. We doubt if in any other manner the present rate of admission, 25 cents, can be maintained, and lectures ever pay expenses." The librarian receives a salary of $1500; the assistant librarian, $600; janitor, $480. The average annual addition of volumes is 1000. The annual cost of support is $3500. From 1852 to 1856, inclusive, $5610 53 were expended for books. The following extract from the Report of the President of the Association (John T. Douglass, Esq.), for 1855, presents a gratifying view of what had been accomplished up to that time: 200 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. {" With this Report closes the official history of the first ten years of your existence as an Association. It is a history of which you may well be proud. But a single decade, yet how fruitful in great results accomplished, and the partial achievement of others grander still, for the completion of which there is fair promise. The germ of this hope is already in the bud; it is for you, of the present time, to say whether the bud shall wither or blossom unto fruit. The strongest hopes of the most sanguine among that little group which, ten years since, resolved that it was'expedient and proper that a Mercantile Library Association be formed in this city,' could not have shadowed forth to his imagination the exhibit of this evening. A membership of nearly 1200; the noble library-room, so brilliantly lighted, so comfortably furnished; and the splendid bookcases, well filled with good books; paintings and statuary, too, are yours; the conceptions of genius, from many hands and various countries, are around you. From imperial Rome comes the bust of the great discoverer of this mighty continent, while, by its side, a St. Louis artist places -the likeness of one who has done your own State good service; and, standing in the centre of all these, is the life-size image of him who won for himself the, proud title of the Great Defender; and so it is, that, at the expiration of the first ten years, your institution, commencing with nothing, is the owner of property valued at $45,000. Whence came it? How was it acquired? There was no rich endowment, yielding its annual income, to be thus expended; but each board of directors found themselves, at the commencement of their official term, with an empty treasury, and entirely dependent upon public favor for the means to carry out their plans, and it is solely owing to the largespirited beneficence of our citizens, that your association has made such progress-a progress without parallel in the history of any similar institution." ST. LOUIS LAW LIBRARY. (1857.) 3664 vols. Founded in 1838, by members of the St. Louis bar. It is supported by an annual contribution of $10 from each member, and the admission fee of new members is $20. The receipts during the year 1854, were $1346 32; 1855, $1531 44. 1854. 1855. Expenditures for books,. $760 62 $894 23 binding,... 2 90 120 90 salaries,... 150 00 174 15 incidentals,. 199 76 249 78 Total,..1113 28 $1439 06 MISSOURI. 201 Members of the Association, and all members of the legal profession residing out of St. Louis County, are entitled to use the library. New members pay $20 on admission, and all pay $10 annually as dues. The books are arranged in four departments: 1. British reports. 2. American reports. 3. Treatises, digests, &c. 4. Statute law. In each department the books are arranged alphabetically, according to the name of the author, reporter, or State. The library is open every day during daylight. The average annual increase of books is 340. Annual cost of support, $1395. During the last five years, $3815 have been paid for books. The salary of the librarian is $200. In 1857, 3581 volumes were in English, 50 in French, 28 in Spanish, 5 in Latin..A catalogue was printed in January, 1853, 71 pages 12 mo., at a cost of $107 for 300 copies. "In the spring of 1838, proposals for the formation of'The Law Library Association of St. Louis,' were circulated among the members of the bar, of whom twenty inbarked in the enterprise; each agreeing to pay in the beginning $20, and every three months thereafter $5. This afforded, to start with, a fund of 8400, with a prospect of as much more within a year; both together not being sufficient to buy more than 250 volumes of books. The first purchase of books was made in the fall of 1838. "The first two years of the existence of the Association were not marked by much prosperity. Its full success depended as much on the addition of new, as on the adherence of the original members. Unfortunately, however, the by-laws contained a feature which, for a time, almost closed the door against accession of members; which was, that every person elected to membership should pay, as an admission fee, a sum equal to the whole amount which had been assessed upon the original members, together with their first donation; so that, at the end of one year, a new member had to pay $40; at the end of the second year $60, and so on. This regulation, however, was changed in 1840, when the admission fee was fixed at $20, with an addition of $5 each year. The fee has been since then the subject of several changes, until, in December, 1850, it was fixed at $20, under circumstances which make it almost impracticable thereafter to change it. a" Of the growth of the library from time to time, not much information can be given, as the entire records, and many of the papers of the 202 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Association, were destroyed by fire, in January, 1851. The earliest date at which we have any knowledge on that point, is November, 1842, when the number of'volumes was 640: the result of four years' operations. In January, 1845, a catalogue was printed, showing the number then to have been 717; in February, 1846, it was 932; in November, 1846, it was 1132; in May, 1847, it was 1285. ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 16,000 vols. Founded in 1829. The library is supported by appropriations granted by the Faculty. The receipts during 1854, were $405; and the expenditures for books, $260; binding, $65; periodicals, $68; and incidentals, $12. During 1856, $800 were expended for books, and $100 for periodicals. All persons are permitted to consult the library free of charge. The books are arranged by subjects. In 1855, there were 3500 French and 3300 Latin books in the library. In 1857, 8000 volumes were in English, 4000 French, 3500 Latin. A new building, 130 feet by 60, has been'erected for the library. 10 reviews and 10 papers are regularly received. The library increases at about the rate of 300 volumes a year. The PHILALETHIC SOCIETY, in 1851, had 630 volumes; the ORTHOLOGICAL, 200; and the PHILEUPIIRADIGNE, 200 volumes. In 1857, the aggregate number was 4000 volumes. The following account of the institution was prepared by J. Hogan, Esq., in 1855. " The library of the University is one of its features, too important to be omitted even in this brief description; and I am free to say I was not prepared to expect its magnitude or extent, and I doubt if many of our citizens have any adequate idea of its variety. At present it contains over 15,000 volumes, embracing almost every branch of literature and science, in ancient and modern languages. Here have been gathered together many rare and curious works, from almost every country, some of them coeval with the art of printing. "Among many curious and interesting works, I noticed a theological dictionary, entitled' Summa Angelica,' by Angelus Clavasis, printed at Alost, July 4th, 1490; also another work dated in March, 1499. Here are the Sermons and Homilies of Augustin, printed in 1521; also, Cicero's Offices, printed in 1539;'Epitome of Antiquity,' printed in 1553, and most beautifully illustrated with medallions. There is also a MISSOURI. 203 copy of the Sibyline Oracles, printed in Greek and Latin, in 1599; several editions of the Bible, with beautiful marginal and other illustrations, in various colored inks, printed in 1556 and down to 1628. "Among the many rare and interesting works found in this library, there is one which, from the beauty of its execution, the strength and perfection of its varied coloring and illustrations, is well worthy the attention of the curious. It is a Geography of the Earth, illustrated with maps and plates, of men, animals, birds, and scenes, in all the countries described: all done in various colored inks, true to nature and accurately portrayed. This work was published by Bleauw, at Amsterdam, for subscribers, in eleven large folio volumes, in 1662. The type is clear, the paper fine, yet very strong; the maps, even of America, very accurate and correct, especially of those portions where the Jesuit Fathers had their most extensive missions; the names of places, rivers, capes, and bays, as now in our more accurate knowledge placed upon the best maps, are all found on these; while the coloring seems as fresh and bright as if done last year, instead of nearly two hundred years ago. It is said that the edition of this work was absolutely limited to the subscription list, and when the full number of copies had been printed, the whole of the plates were destroyed-no extra edition was printed, and hence the great scarcity of this beautiful work. " There are in this library over 30 volumes folio of American State Papers, and some 300 volumes octavo of debates, reports, &c. &c., with many other excellent and useful works published by the Government, and distributed to this and other analogous institutions. " Here are also to be found a series of valuable wvorks: The Archives of the British Government, published in 27 royal octavo and 84 folio volumes. These Archives, containing all that is curious in English history or action, were gathered and reprinted in this form, for more certain preservation, by an ordinance of the Government, who appointed a learned commission for this express purpose. The ordinance, with the names of the commissioners appointed to collect, arrange, and publish these papers, is printed in each volume. At the head' of this list I find'His Grace, the Archbishop of Canterbury;' and last,'Charles Purton Cooper, Secretary.' "Among these Archives are presented a fac-simile of the famous Doomsday Book, 2 volumes, printed in 1758; also a beautiful fac-simile of Magna Charta, as originally engrossed on parchment. In these volumes are preserved the old Black Letter, and all the abbreviations 204 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. used are continued as in the originals, with the old English spelling, &c. &c.; of all of which, however, translations are added. " In each of these 111 volumes, there is printed as follows:' Record Commission, 1831. This book is to be perpetually preserved in the Library of St. Louis University. C. P. Cooper, Sec. Com. Pub. Rec. April, 1837."' ST. LOUIS VOCALIST ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1053 vols. Founded in 1847. The books comprising the library, are classified as follows: historical, 49 volumes; geography and travels, 92; philosophy and scientific, 73; German and foreign classics, 700; dramas, 56; political and miscellaneous, 20; journals, &c., 23. The library is open on Wednesday and Saturday evenings. During 1856, 2380 volumes were lent to 134 persons. 40 volumes are in English; 1013 in German; none in any other language. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 485 vols. Founded in 1853. The library was not commenced till 1854. All the books, at present, are of a religious character, and were presented to the Association. 19 reviews and magazines, and 23 newspapers are taken. "W~Ve have a pleasant and convenient suite of rooms in a central part of the city, where visitors are always cordially received. Our library, as yet, is but small, but we design making additions from time to time, as circumstances permit. In connection with, and under the auspices of our Association, we have a city missionary employed, who, during the first year, has been actively employed in spreading the Gospel. We have also established Mission Sunday-schools, which are at present in a thriving condition. A Sunday evening prayer-meeting, held by some of the members, in a destitute portion of the city, we think will do much good. "Our Association has been in existence about three years and a half. During that time, it has undergone material changes, which have manifestly been for the better, and we consider that we are on a firmer basis than ever before."-Quar. Rep. 1857. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 205 NEW HAM3IPSHIRE. CONCORD. METHODIST GENERAL BIBLICAL INSTITUTE. (1857.) 3000 vols. This institution commenced its operations in April, 1847, since which time the number and character of its students have improved each year. Eight annual Conferences are pledged to its interests, viz., all of those in New England, and two in New York. The charter of the institution provides that the trustees may hold property to an amount not exceeding $100,000. A very valuable addition of 300 volumes has recently been made, by the will of Rev. Bishop Hedding, D.D. A missionary library has also been recently commenced, principally through the generosity of Rev. William Butler, of the New England Conference. It now consists of about 400 volumes. NEW HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (1850.) 1500 vols. This Society owes its origin, and much of its early prosperity, to the suggestions and active exertions of Mr. John Farmer, and Mr. Jacob B. Moore. It was founded March 13, 1823, the two hundredth year after the first settlement of the State, and incorporated the 13th of June following. Its objects are like those of the other historical societies in the country. They are thus stated in the first article of the Constitution, namely: "To discover, procure, and preserve whatever may relate to the natural, civil, literary, and ecclesiastical history of the United States in general, and of this State in particular." The Society has published five volumes of valuable collections. The library of the Society contained, in 1838, "about 1500 volumes, a considerable collection of pamphlets and newspapers, a small collection of minerals, some valuable manuscripts, ancient coins, and Indian relics." The Hon. William Plumer, its first president, gave to the Society several hundred volumes of American State Papers, arranged with a copious manuscript index by himself. The Hon. William Bartlett gave his private library, a part of the library of the late Nathaniel Peabody, and a portfolio of autograph 206 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. MS. letters, amounting to about 200 in all. Deposited in the library "are a considerable number of papers and documents, formerly belonging to the Rev. Dr. Belknap, and used by him in the compilation of the second and third volumes of the History of New Hampshire," transmitted to the Society by John Belknap, Esq., son of the reverend historian. An article in the fifth volume of the Society's collections, written by Hon. William Bartlett, entitled "Remarks and Documents relating to the Preservation and Keeping of the Public Archives," deserves to be particularly mentioned, and commended to the careful perusal of librarians, secretaries of state, and all others to whose care are intrusted the original records of our history.-[See Hist. N. H. Historical Society, in American Quarterly Register, February, 1838, pp. 229-241.] PUBLIC LIBRARY. (1857.) 900 vols. Any resident, can enjoy the privileges of this library, by giving security or approved references, and by paying 25 cents per annum. A catalogue of 48 pages 8vo. was published in March, 1857. In 1856, the city appropriated $1500 for the library. STATE LIBRARY. (1857.) 4000 vols. On the 16th-of June, 1818, an act was passed, authorizing the Secretary of State to collect and arrange all the books belonging to the State. On the 23d of July, 1823, a resolution was adopted, appropriating $100 annually for the purchase of books. The library occupies a room in the north wing of the State House, which is 23 feet by 43. The books are arranged alphabetically. The last catalogue (57 pages 8vo.) was printed in 1847; another in 1857, of 48 pages 8vo. The library is open during each day when the Legislature is in session. The members and clerks of the Senate and House during the sessions of the Legislature, and at all times the Governor and Council, Judges of the Superior Court, Secretary, and Treasurer, may take out books, to be returned in one month. Except during a session, any person may take out books by depositing double the value thereof, as security for the return of the book in good order. Few books, however, are lent out in this wayperhaps fifty a year. It is impossible to tell how many consult the library in the room. During the session of the Legislature, it is gene NEW HAMPSHIRE. 207 rally resorted to by the members. The Secretary of State is ex oficio librarian. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. This Association had collected a small library; but in January, 1857, it was decided to discontinue it, and the books were distributed among the members. DUBLIN. JUVENILE LIBRARY. (1857.) 1213 vols. "The library was started in 1822, by Dr. Leonard, for young children especially. Soon it came to be a common invitation, from one child to another,'to go up and get one of Dr. Leonard's books.' In 1825, the people of Dr. Leonard's parish, with Dr. David Carter at their head, formed a society'to help Dr. Leonard buy books for children;' and soon after formed themselves into a society, and received an act of incorporation. "At that time, Dr. Leonard had collected 308 volumes. When he left the charge of the first parish, in 1852, the catalogue contained a list of 2001 volumes. Some three years after, a careful collection and revision of the library brought together only 955 books that it was deemed advisable to retain. Many had been lost; and some were so worn out, that it was thought best to dispose of them. "A vast amount of good has resulted from this humble institution. Through the wise management of Dr. Leonard, our people are known throughout the State as an intelligent, reading people; particularly so. Nothing else, perhaps, has contributed nearly as much to this end, as the establishment and management of the'Dublin Juvenile Library Society.' " During 1856, 2100 volumes were lent to 200 persons. During the last five years, $150 have been expended for books. About 200 volumes are added annually. UNION LIBRARY. (1850.) 438 vols. Founded in 1793. Proprietors pay $1 50 per share, and an annual assessment of 25 cents. 37~ cents a year are paid by those who borrow books. 208 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. EXETER. GOLDEN BRANCH SOCIETY. (PHILIPS EXETER ACADEMY.) (1857.) 1539 vols. Founded in 1841. The annual dues of members who are students in the Academy are $1 50. 1465 volumes are in English, 10 French, 39 Latin, and 25 Greek. TOWN LIBRARY. (1857.) 1716 vols. Founded in 1852, by a vote of the town, and is supported by annual appropriations by the town, and by donations. The receipts during 1854 were $326 49; during 1856, p450. During 1856, $313 were expended for books; $12 for binding; $75 for salaries; $50 for incidentals. All residents in the town over fourteen years of age, are entitled to use the library, and also the students in the Philips Exeter Academy. It is open on Wednesday, from 3 to 5 o'clock P.M., and on Saturday, from 7 to 9 P.M. A catalogue of 20 pages 18mo. was printed in July, 1855. 1000 copies cost $25. A catalogue was also published in October, 1856, 64 pages 12mo.; cost $130 for 1500 copies. One cent per day is the penalty to be paid for keeping a book more than two weeks. The librarian receives a salary of $50 per annum. 400 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support, $500. During the last five years $1800 were expended for books. During 1856, 12,000 volumes were taken out by 904 persons. All the books are in English. The public interest in the library is shown by the following extract from the Report for 1855: "The eagerness with which books are called for, in the hours when the library is open, prevents many females from mingling in the crowd, and complaint is made by them that they cannot obtain books, as they would, if better facility was afforded. We recommend, therefore, that an hour on some day in the week be appointed for the delivery of books to such females as choose not to call at the usual times of opening the library. "We regret to feel it proper to state that, on some occasions, it was deemed expedient by the librarian to have a police officer present to enforce order during the delivery of books." NEW HAMPSHIRE. 209 GILMANTON. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1856.) 3421 vols. This Seminary had its origin in Gilmanton Academy, which was incorporated June 14, 1794. It is ordained that "the President and every Professor in this Seminary, shall be a Master of Arts, an ordained minister of the Gospel, of the Congregational or Presbyterian order, and, sustain the character of a sober, honest, learned, and pious man. He shall, moreover, be a man of sound and orthodox doctrines, drawn from the Scriptures, and expressed in the Cambridge and Saybrook platforms, and in the Westminster Assembly's Catechism, and more concisely delineated in the Constitution of this Seminary. And, in order to prevent any perversion of the sentiments here maintained, the Creed or Declaration, taken and subscribed by the president and each professor, at his inauguration, shall be repeated and subscribed anew, in the presence of the trustees, at the expiration of every succeeding five years; and no man shall be continued president or professor, who shall not continue to approve himself a man of sound and orthodox principles in theology, agreeably to the aforesaid creed." The reading-room is well supplied. A SocIETY OF INQUIRY, respecting Missions, a RHETORICAL SOCIETY, and a SACRED MUSICAL SOCIETY, have been formed, and are collecting libraries. Some collections have been made for a museum. GREAT FALLS. MANUFACTURERS' AND VILLAGE LIBRARY. (1857.) 3510 vols. Founded in 1841, by the Great Falls Manufacturing Company, which makes an annual donation of $100 to the library. The balance is raised by taxes and fees for the use of books. The stockholders choose annually five directors, who have the management of the library. The receipts in 1854 were $245 28; expenditures for books, $204 07; binding, $9 50; incidentals, $15 63. Annual cost of support, $58. During the last five years, $1000 were expended for books. Proprietors and subscribers pay $1 per annum, for the use of the library; females, in the employment of the Manufacturing Company, 50 cents; clergymen and public school teachers, free. The library is open every Saturday evening. During the year 1854, 5000 books were lent to 154 persons; 14 210 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. during 1856, 4810 volumes to 160 persons. All the books are in English. Works of fiction are most read. A catalogue of 14 pages 8vo. was issued in 1847, and yearly supplements are printed. In 1856, a catalogue of 104 pages 8vo. was printed, at a cost of $104 for 500 copies. The North American Review is the only periodical taken. GROTON. PUBLIC LIBRARY. (1855.) 800 vols. Founded at the suggestion and aided by the munificence of the late Hon. Abbott Lawrence. Open every Saturday from 9 to 12 A.M. and 1 to 3 P.M. A catalogue was printed in 1855, 26 pages 8vo. HANOVER. DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. (1857.) 14,423 vols. The College was founded in 1769. There are three libraries accessible to the students beside the Medical Library and the library of the Northern Academy of Arts and Sciences. An annual appropriation is made for the increase of the College library. The number of books in the different libraries connected with the College, is as follows: 1855. 1856. 1857. College Library (exclusive of pamphlets), about... 13,350 14,050 14,423 Social Friends' Library,. 7,213 7,250 7,933 United Fraternity's Library,..... 7,200 7,300 7,818 Society of Inquiry's Library,. 500 500 500 Philotechnic Society's Library (Chandler School), 300 300 540 Medical Library,.. 1,200 1,200 1,200 Northern Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1,300 1,300 1,300 Total,.31,063 31,900 33,714 The College has a number of portraits in oil, among which is one of the Earl of Dartmouth, a copy of the original by Sir Joshua Reynolds, and, a donation of the present Earl; a portrait of Daniel Webster, of Jeremiah Smith, Jeremiah Mason, Francis Hopkinson; a full-length NEW HAMPSHIRE. 211 portrait of Eleazer Wheelock, the first president of the College; of John Phillips, of Exeter, also full length; of Samuel Appleton, Charles Marsh, &c. The library contains some rare and valuable works. In addition to the usual apparatus for illustrating the several branches of physical science, the College is furnished with the best instruments used in practical surveying and engineering. Through the munificence of the late George C. Shattuck, LL.D., an elegant building has been erected for an astronomical observatory, and furnished with the requisite instruments and books. The I-Tall cabinet, presented by the late Prof. Frederick Hall, LL.D., of Washington, D. C., contains a large collection of specimens of rocks, minerals, and fossils, American and foreign. ATHENJE1UM OF THE UNITED FRATERNITY (DARTMOUTHI COLLEGE). (1857.) 7818 vols. Instituted in 1786. Incorporated July 6, 1827. Receipts during 1854, $938 46; expenditures for binding, $30; periodicals, $30; salary of librarian, $70; assistants, $50; executive committee, $40; incidentals, $50. All the members of the College faculty, graduated members of the Society, and the Society of Social Friends, honorary members, and under-graduates, are entitled to use the library, which is open an hour every day. The'initiation fee is $5. 7000 volumes were lent during 1854, to 350 persons. 6800 volumes are in the English language, 270 French, 20 Spanish, 30 other modern languages, 50 Latin, 30 Greek. The last catalogue was printed in 1852, 168 pages; 500 copies cost $185. Supplements were issued in 1853, of 24 pages; and, in 1854, of 12 pages. Of the 7200 volumes in the library, 500 were purchased, all the rest being donations. Twelve periodicals are taken. 225 volumes are added yearly. Cost of support, $150 per annum. During the last five years, $500 have been expended for books. SOCIAL FRIENDS' LIBRARY (DARTMOUTH COLLEGE). (1857.) 7933 vols. Founded in 1783. Chartered in 1826. Receipts during 1856, $960; expended for books, $105; binding, $50; periodicals, $40; salaries, $120; incidentals, $700. 212 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Students, by payment of taxes, may take out books. Freshmen and sophomores, two books each; juniors, three; seniors, graduates, and honorary members, four; faculty, ad libitum. The library is open daily from 1 to 2 P.mr. The number of volumes taken out was 40,000, to 225 persons. 6760 volumes are in English, 200 French, 120 German, 50 Spanish, 30 other modern languages, 200 Latin, 100 Greek, 25 IHebrew, 15 Oriental. 11 reviews, &c., are taken. A catalogue of 136 pages 8vo. was printed in 1841; another of 150 pages, in 1857, at a cost of $300 for 600 copies. 250 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support, $250. During the last five years, $950 were expended for books. NORTHERN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. (1857.) 1300 vols. This Society was formed June 24, 1841, and is composed of the professors of Dartmouth College and a few other gentlemen in the vicinity. It has 800 unbound volumes of pamphlets, &e., partially arranged; also 700 unbound volumes of newspapers. This collection also contains some valuable private papers, among which are a meteorological journal kept by Mr. John Farmer, of Concord, New Hampshire, from 1813 to 1830; Governor Bartlett's correspondence from 1774 to 1794; also a M.S. journal of the weather, kept by Eleazer Russell, Esq., of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Efforts were early made to procure for the library complete sets of the first newspapers printed in that part of the country. Spooner's Journal, published at Hanover, by Judah C. Spooner and Timothy Greene, in 1771, and from February, 1781, at Westminster and Windsor, Vermont, is nearly complete. This paper is extremely valuable, as it was published at the time of the American IRevolution, and was the first periodical issued in that part of the country, and consequently contains much of its early history. Complete sets of the VTermont Chronicle, the Boston Recorder, and the Dartmouth Gazette, are also contained in the library.-See American Quartersl Register, November, 1842. iANCHESTER. MANCHESTER CITY LIBRARY. (1857.) 4794 vols. Instituted February 19, 1844, as the Manchester Athenaeum, by an NEW HAMPSHIRE. 213 association of the citizens of Manchester, and transferred by them to the City as the basis of a free public library, on certain conditions and limitations, and the name changed, September 6, 1854. It is supported by the City, and governed by a board of nine trustees, seven of whom were designated by the Athenaeum, holding office seven years, the term of office of one expiring each year. The number of volumes in 1854, was about 4307. The library was totally destroyed by fire, with all its records, February 5, 1856; it then contained 5446 volumes. It has since been re-established, and now contains about 4794 volumes. It is impossible to state the amount expended for books from 1851 to 1854, probably about $150 a year. Since September, 1854, $1000 per year. Average annual number of volumes added to the liblrary since 1854, about 800. Number of volumes lent to readers in 1855, 17,640; in 1856, 17,794. Accounts are not made up for 1857, but it will amount to 20,000 or more. The receipts from May, 1854, to February, 1855, were 81339 37; and expenditures for books, $399 25; binding, $48 79; periodicals, $58 19; salaries, $156 36; incidentals, $559 39. All residents of Manchester, and such others as are permitted specially by the Board of Trustees, and also the shareholders of the Manchester Athenmum, are entitled to use the library free of charge. The books are classified by subjects.. The library is open every day from 9 A. M. to 9 P.M. for reference, and fron 2 to 9 P.M. for circulation. There is I French, I Anglo-Saxon, 1 Gaelic, and 1 Irish book, in the library, besides 5310 English works. A catalogue was printed in 1853, of 112 pages 8vo., 300 copies cost $164 25; and a supplement in 1855, of 37 pages 8vo., 300 copies cost $24. 25 reviews and magazines and 11 newspapers, are taken. The librarian receives a salary of $300 per annum. YOUNG IMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1855.) 100 vols. Organized March 17th, 1854. The receipts for the Association, during 1854, were $635 50; expenditures, $579 29; but little, if any, of this, however, has been for the library. The annual fee for young men is $1; for ladies, 50 cents. 214 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. This Association had 164 members, in 1854. It has pleasant rooms, beautifully fitted up. 10 quarterly reviews, 9 monthly magazines, 18 weekly journals, and 4 dailies are regularly received. Lectures are given every winter. The financial result of the first course was as follows: Whole amount of receipts, $200 11. Amount paid to lecturers, $167. Incidental expenditures, $126 72; total, $293 72. XERIDEN. KIMBALL UNION ACADEMY. (1855.) 2000 vols. Founded in 1815. Receipts in 1854, $300, which were all expended for books. The books are arranged by size; and the library is open once a week, for the use of the teachers and students of the Academy. In addition to the Academy library of 2000 volumes, there is a wellselected library of 1000 volumes connected with a literary society in the school. There is also a valuable mineralogical cabinet. PHILADELPHIAN SOCIETY. (1855.) 1000 vols. This Society is composed of pupils belonging to the Kimball Union Academy, and its library, having been just commenced, is small. A catalogue of 16 pages 8vo. was printed in 1854. NEW HAMPTON. LITERARY ADELPHI. (1855.) 1000 vols. Founded in 1827. Incorporated in 1829. A supplemental act was passed, in 1853, granting the power to the Association to hold property to the amount of $5000. It was formed in connection with the New Hlampton Academical and Theological Institution, which was removed to Fairfax, Vermont, in 1852. The Society, by a unanimous vote, decided to remain, however, and give their support to the new school, the LITERARY AND BIBLICAL INSTITUTION, which sprang up to fill the place of the one which had removed. The Society have a beautiful and elegantly fitted room in; "Randall HIall," where their library and cabinet, both constantly increasing, are daily open to the members. "No person is allowed to take out more NEW HAMPSHIRE. 215 than four hundred pages at any one time, unless contained in one book." 1004 volumes were lent, during 1854, to 335 persons. Receipts during 1854, $345; expenditures for books, $36 34; binding, $25 73; periodicals, $25; incidentals, $248. 13 newspapers and magazines are taken. SOCIETY OF THEOLOGICAL RESEARCH. (1856.) 800 vols. Founded January 3d, 1855. Open every Wednesday and Saturday, from 2 to 4 P.M. This library is connected with the Biblical School of the Free-will Baptist denomination. During 1856, $200 were expended for books. NEW IPSWICH. APPLETON ACADEMY. (1857.) 800 vols. Incorporated June 18, 1789. Receipts during 1854, $200. The institution has just erected a new building for the reception of the library and cabinet. The latter consists of several thousand specimens in mineralogy, conchology, &c., and was presented by Dr. A. A. Gould, of Boston. This Academy was originally called the New Ipswich, but was changed to its present title in consideration of the repeated liberal donations of the Appleton family; particularly Samuel Appleton, from whom it has recently received nearly $30,000. PORTSMIOUTH. ATHEN2EUM. (1857.) 8252 vols. Incorporated in 1817. Yearly increase, 200 volumes. Annual cost of support, $200. During the last five years, $494 were expended for books. The building now occupied by the Atheneum was purchased for $7500; it is of brick, with slated roof, three stories high; the first story is used as a reading and newspaper room; the second is the library, and the third a museum and cabinet. The books are arranged on the shelves according to subjects. A shelf-catalogue is prepared, containing the titles of the books as they stand upon the shelves; by this the library is annually examined. A " Catalogue of Books in the Portsmouth 216 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Atheneum, to which are added the By-laws of the Institution, and a List of its Proprietors," 108 pages 8vo., was printed at Portsmouth, in May, 1833; at that time the library contained between 4000 and 5000 volumes. A " Catalogue of Books added to the Library of Portsmouth Athenvaum, from May, 1833, to January, 1839," was published at Portsmouth, in 1839, 31 pages 8vo.; at that time the library contained 5300 volumes. This catalogue is alphabetical; the titles are recorded under the names of authors, with cross-references from subjects to authors-the subjects and authors being arranged in one alphabet. This is a very convenient way in a small library. Another " Catalogue of Books in the Portsmouth Athenmeum, to which are added the By-laws of the Institution, and a List of its Proprietors," 192 pages 8vo., was printed January 1, 1849, at Portsmouth. This catalogue is upon the same plan as the preceding. From a note (p. 12) we take. the following facts respecting the history of the institution: "In 1829, John Fisher, Esq., of London, gave his library, in this town, amounting to nearly 300 valuable volumes, to the Athenaum. In February, 1830, James Edward Sheafe bequeathed $1000 to the Athenmeum, which sum was invested in the purchase of books for the library. In October, 1843, Horace Appleton Haven bequeathed $2000 to the Athenmaum, one moiety for the purchase of books, and the other for the preservation of the library. These sums have been invested accordingly." In the departments of English and American history, it is quite full. It has also a fine collection of voyages and travels, and of works on natural history, besides many valuable works on architecture and ship-building. It has, in its collection, the original letters addressed to General Sullivan, during the Revolutionary War; and, upon the walls of the reading-room, hang original portraits of Sir William Pepperel, Sir Charles Knowles, Sir Richard Spry, and Commodore Warren, all well known for their connection with the early history of the State. The Athenamum is owned in a hundred shares, at $100 each, the institution having the right of pre-emption, at half the value of the shares; thus, by the sale of shares, it has an income. Members are required to be proprietors of shares; but persons not shareholders, on the payment of $6 per annum, may make use of the library and reading-room, but are not allowed to remove books therefrom. The institution is open every day, from sunrise till 10 P.M., and is much frequented by the citizens of Portsmouth. NEW HARIPSHIRE. 217 MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1293 vols. FEounded March, 1852. Incorporated July 27, 1855. A catalogue of 47 pages 12mo. was printed in 1856. The average annual increase is about 250 volumes. During the last five years, $450 were expended for books. The library is open an hour every Friday and Saturday evening. During 1856, 430 books were lent to 73 persons. Seven reviews and thirty-two papers are taken. SOUTH PARISH LIBRARY. (1857.) 746 vols. Founded by the trustees of the South Church Charity Fund, in 1820. it is supported by appropriations from the Church fund for religious purposes, by parish contributions, and by individual donations. The receipts during 1854, were $35; and expenditures for books, $18; binding, $1; periodicals, $4; salaries, $12. During the last five years, $60 were expended for books. Members of the Society are entitled to use the library free of charge. It is open every Wednesday evening. The books are arranged according to size and convenience. 181 volumes were lent during 1854, to 49 persons. An alphabetical catalogue, of 20 pages 12mo., was printed in 1840, at a cost of $13 for 300 copies. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1856.) 540 vols. Founded in December, 1852. The library is supported by donations, and by such appropriations as the Association makes from time to time. It is in charge of a library committee of four persons, including the librarian, elected annually, whose duty it is to purchase all books ordered by the Association. A catalogue was published in 1856, 24 pages 12mo.; 400 copies cost $18. Expenditures during 1854, for books, $40; periodicals, $1 50; incidentals, $10. Total, $51 50. During 1856, $60 were expended for books. The books are lent to members every Wednesday evening. Four monthly and nine weekly periodicals are taken. The number of members is, at present, about 70. It holds a prayer-meeting on Sabbath afternoons, at the close of the services of the several churches. These 218 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. meetiigs have been of interest to those attending them. The several churches of the city maintain Sabbath-schools, well occupying the field, andl leaving no room for labor in this sphere. SALMON FALLS. LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1856.) 983 vols. Founded in 1846, by an association of citizens. The receipts for 1854 were 8134 43; expenditures for books, $76 12; binding, $5 58; salaries, $18; incidentals, $7 89. Receipts, $51 32; expenditures for books, $55; binding, $4; salaries, $6; incidentals, $7 50. Members pay an initiation fee of 50 cents, and a tax of 50 cents per annum. Subscribers pay $1 per annum. The library is open one evening a week, and the books are arranged according to size. 3249 volumes were lent during 1854, charged to 154 persons; 3210 in 1855, to 120 persons. A catalogue of 16 pages 16mo., 500 copies, was printed at a cost of $9 50. UNION. UNION VILLAGE LIBRARY. (1857.) 202 vols. Founded in 1854. Receipts during 1856, $125; expenditures for books, 893 53. The price of shares is $3. Open every Saturday for delivery of books, but accessible at all times to the public. Salary of the librarian, $10. WAKEFIEL1D. WAKEFIELD AND BROOKFIELD UNION LIBRARY. (1857.) 550 vols. Founded February 6, 1797, by a number of the citizens of Wakefield. David Copp, Esq., was first moderator of the Society. Rev. Asa Piper, librarian. NEW JERSEY. 219 Receipts during 1854, $7; expenditures for binding, $2; periodicals, $5. About $40 have been expended for books during the last five years. The books are placed in cases without arrangement, and are accessible at all times to the stockholders, who pay an annual tax of not less than 25 cents a share. About 60 volumes have been lost during the last 60 years. One review is taken,-The North American. NEW JERSEY. BURLINGTON. BURLINGTON COLLEGE. (1853.) 1300 vols. Founded A.D. 1846. No catalogue has been printed. The library is open daily from 3 to 4 P.M. Books are freely lent, mostly to students, to be returned in a week. GREENWICH. GREENWICH LIBRARY. This library was instituted about the year 1806, by the Presbyterians and Quakers. It is now flourishing, and promises to be permanent. MORRISTOWN. MORRIS INSTITUTE AND APPRENTICES' LIBRARY. (1855.) 1500 vols. Founded in 1812. The Apprentices' Library was instituted June 16, 1848. The capital stock is $1500, divided into shares of $3 each. Each shareholder and subscriber is subject to a yearly assessment of $1. Apprentices pay 25 cents a year. The reading-room is free to all. During 1854, the receipts were $378 50; of which, $5 were expended for books, $1 75 for binding, $34 25 for periodicals, $100 for salaries. 220 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. The library is open from 7 to 9, five evenings in the week. 540 volumes were lent out during 1855, to 64 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1850, 14 pages 12mo. NEWARK. NEWARK LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 7000 vols. "On the 23d of October, 1846, a committee, appointed at a previous meeting to prepare a plan for a public library, having been called upon to report, presented the plan from which the Newark Library Association originated. The foundation of the Association was to be a jointstock, the shares $25 each; and the committee recommended, that subscriptions should be obtained for at least 600 shares, but that the Association should commence operations so soon as 400 shares were subscribed. 1"On the 25th of November, the people were called together again, and told that, notwithstanding the imost patient and persevering labor on the part of those authorized to collect subscriptions, only 360 shares of stock had been subscribed for; and that, within a week, the project of a public library must be abandoned, unless there were individuals willing to come forward and subscribe for the remaining shares. The appeal of the committee was sustained by a number of eloquent speeches; and near the close of the meeting, it was announced that the subscriptions had reached 424 shares. The success of the enterprise was now beyond a doubt. The committee for obtaining subscriptions was enlarged, and by the 16th of December, the 600 shares were all taken. " The first meeting of the first Board of Directors was held on the 7th of January, 1847. With as little delay as possible, an eligible site was procured, and the foundation of an edifice, adapted to the wants of the Association~ was laid. The main edifice, having a front on Market Street of 51 feet, and being 51 feet deep, is three stories high. The lower story and basements are occupied as stores. The second story is appropriated to the library and reading-rooms; and the third is used by the New Jersey Historical Society, as a depository for their valuable collections, and by the Board of Education' of the city. There is a rear building, connected with the main edifice, 51 feet wide by 65 feet deep, on the lower floor of which is the hall of the Association, exceedingly well arranged for concerts or lectures. In the second story are several NEW JERSEY. 221 offices and a large hall, originally intended for the New Jersey Art Union, and now occupied by the New Jersey Natural History Society and the Newark Young Men's Christian Association. " The cost of the real estate, which is considerably below its value at the present time, was $23,283 40. During the year 1848, the building was completed, and 1900 volumes were placed upon the shelves of the library. But the success of the enterprise required a larger sum of money than h'ad been subscribed, and a loan of $8000 was accordingly obtained by mortgaging the real estate. " During the third year, 1400 volumes were added to the library; and the following year the whole number was increased to 3807. "In consequence of the withdrawal of a portion of the revenue for requisite repairs and improvements to the building, the number of volumes added during the fifth year, was only 173. For similar reasons, only 193 volumes were added during the sixth year. At the close of the seventh year, the total number reached 4543, being an increase of 370 volumes. During the eighth year, this number was raised to 5028; and during the ninth year, to 5408.'Throughout all this period, the Association sustained itself in a creditable manner, and continued to exert a great and healthful influence. By reason, however, of the heavy debt under which it labored, the means of extending its usefulness were slowly acquired. "On entering the tenth year of its existence, the Board of Directors, several of whom were among its most zealous founders, determined to make a strong effort to remove its embarrassment; and accordingly adopted a resolution to increase the capital stock sufficiently to pay off the debt of $8000. A committee was appointed to solicit subscriptions; and by the middle of the year, 368 shares, amounting to $9200, were sold and paid for. The Association, thus relieved from. a heavy debt, has been recently enabled to make many valuable improvements in its rooms, to add to the number of its periodicals, and to increase its library to nearly 7000 volumes; and it is anticipated that its additional resources will hereafter admit of the purchase of from 500 to 1000 volumes annuall."-Report. The receipts during 1854, were $2834 63; of which, $473 81 were expended for books. The salary of the librarian is $900. On the 1st of January, 1856, the number of full subscribers was 213, minor subscribers, 287. Of the 300 among whom the shares are distributed, only 87 drew books during the year. 222 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. The capital now consists of 725 shares of $25 each, amounting to,..$18,125 And the mortgage debt to,.8,000 Making together,.$26,125 Which sum is represented byReal estate (cost),.. $23,283 40 Library (cost), 4,576 56 Bills receivable,. 88 50 Furniture (cost),. 826 22 Rents due January 1st, not collected, 300 00 Cash on hand,.. 261 31 -------- 29,835 99 Showing an excess of assets,. $3,210 99 The receipts during the year 1855 were as follows: From rents,..$1,966 00 Annual dues,. 113 75 Subscriptions,..338 78 Fines,........ 13 13 Other sources,. 4 75 Balance on hand January 1st, 1855,. 508 18 Making a total of,... $2,939 54 And the disbursements wereFor books,.. $461 93 Furniture,.......... 8 00 Salaries,......... 900 00 Interest,.4.. 80 00 Insurance..... 120 00 Gas,.. 166 67 Fuel, repairs, and incidentals,.541 63 Amounting to,. $2,678 28 Leaving in the treasury $261 81; and there are rents uncollected amounting to over $800 —more than sufficient to meet all outstanding claims against the Association. The library building, with the collections of the Library Association and the Historical Society, now contains the finest and rarest collections of the State, and in proportion to its size, will compare favorably with any collection in the country. It is much to be regretted that they are not contained in a fire-proof building, lest the collections and labors of years be destroyed in an hour's time. NEW JERSEY. 223 Adults are charged 62 per annum; minors, 81. The library is open every day from 10 A.M. to 10 P.M. During 1854, 24,000 volumes were taken out by 636 persons. About nineteen-twentieths of the books read were fiction and poetry. A catalogue was printed in 1850, with a supplement in 1852. The books are arranged by subjects. About 16 periodicals are taken, foreign and American. The yearly increase of the library is from 500 to 1000 volumes. During the last five years (1857) $2919 72 were expended for books. NEW JERSEY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 2194 vols. Founded in 1845. Annual dues, $2. The library is principally composed of historical and biographical works, documents, &c., and is used for reference entirely. In 1857, 2093 volumes were in English, 68 French, 23 other modern languages, and 10 Latin. The books may be classified as 148 volumes of newspapers, 1021 history and biography, 1025 documents, laws, &c. The Society has an oil portrait of General Peter Schuyler; also one of Aaron Burr. The Society has published four volumes, viz.: Whitehead's East Jersey, under the Proprietary Government; Duer's Life of William Alexander, Earl of Stirling; Field's Provincial Courts of New Jersey; and the Papers of Lewis Morris, Governor of the Province from 1738 to 1746; also 7 volumes of the Proceedings of the Society, with papers read before the Society, and correspondence. The average increase of the library for five years, is 130 volumes and 246 pamphlets, and during that time, $195 41 were expended for books. The report, in 1857, states that, of 325 members, 52 are for life, and pay nothing; 154 have neglected or declined payment for five years past, leaving only 120 paying members. The unpaid dues amount to nearly 82000. NEW BRUNSWICK. RUTGERS COLLEGE. (1857.) 12,000 vols. t"Rutgers College, in New Brunswick, New Jersey, is emphatically the child of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in North America. Its Trustees were originally incorporated by Governor William Franklinl of the Province of New Jersey, on the 20th of MIarch, 1770, in the 224 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. tenth year of the reign of King George III, as the' Trustees of Queen's College, in New Jersey,' at the request of certain persons'of the Reformed Protestant religion, according to the Constitution of the Reformed Churches in the United Provinces, and -using the discipline of the said churches, as approved and instituted by the National Synod of Dort, in the years 1618 and 1619.' The charter of the College declared its object to be,'to promote learning for the benefit of the community, and advancement of the Protestant religion of all denominations; and more especially to remove, as much as possible, the necessity our said loving subjects have hitherto been under, of sending their youth intended for the ministry, to a foreign country for education, and of being subordinate to a foreign ecclesiastical jurisdiction;' and it accordingly ordained'that there be a college, called Queen's College, erected in our said Province of New Jersey, for the education of youth in the learned languages, liberal and useful arts and sciences, and especially in divinity; preparing them for the ministry, and other good offices.' "The Trustees of Queen's College held their first meeting in the year 1771, at Hackensack, in New Jersey. It was debated whether the institution should be established there or in New Brunswick, and the latter place was chosen. The Rev. Dr. Jacob R. Hardenbergh, of Rosendale, afterwards pastor of the church at New Brunswick, and a distinguished scholar and divine, was elected President, and John Taylor, the Revolutionary patriot, Professor of Languages. The College went into operation at once; and before the breaking out of the war, several students were graduated. Among these was Simeon De Witt, who soon became the distinguished Surveyor-General of the United States, and afterwards of the State of New York. His original diploma as Bachelor of Arts, dated October, 1776, signed by President Hardenbergh and several of the Trustees, and bearing the seal of the College, with its motto,'Sol Justitiae et occidentem illustra,' is still preserved among the archives. In a note, by the son of General De Witt, it is stated that Professor Taylor'also drilled the students as a military company, and they were quite expert' in the use of arms. The irruption of the British troops broke up the College, and my father had but time to take his knapsack and musket and retreat to Hackensack. He lost his clothes and books, which were in the College.' Professor Taylor subsequently became colonel of the New Jersey State Regiment. But that did not prevent his discharging, also, his duties to the College; and in a letter of his to Governor Livingston, of 25th September, 1779 (N. J. NEW JERSEY. 225 Rev. Cor. p. 177), he speaks with great interest of'the necessity of my attending the examination of the students of Queen's College,' and that as the trustees insist upon'my fulfilling my engagements, I hope I shall be discharged from the regiment as soon as possible.' "In spite of the difficulties and interruptions resulting from the Revolutionary War, Queen's College continued in operation. President Hardenbergh having died in his office in 1790, Dr. Livingston was appointed to succeed him, but he declined, at that time, to accept. The next year the Rev. Dr. Theodoric Romeyn, of Schenectady, was elected, but he also declined the office. The Rev. Dr. William Linn, of the Collegiate Church of New York, was then appointed, and acted as President pro tempore, as also the Rev. Dr. Ira Condict; and degrees were conferred upon graduating students and alumni until the year 1795. "The exercises of the College were then suspended, and a union with the College at Princeton was contemplated by some. This idea, however, was soon abandoned; for it was felt that a union would be nothing less than a merging of Queen's into Nassau Hall. The trustees preferred to hold their charter, and wait patiently for a favorable time to revive the institution. " In 1807, they accordingly sent a memorial to the General Synod of the Reformed Dutch Church, in which they proposed to form a union of the College with the Theological Professorate then held by the Rev. Dr. Livingston, under the appointment of Synod. They engaged to make the College not by any means sectarian, yet to some extent subservient to one of the great ends for which its charter had been obtained, namely, that the Reformed Dutch Church'might be properly supplied with an able, learned, and well-qualified ministry.' It was agreed that funds should be raised by the Trustees for the support of the Theological Professor, and that they would call the one appointed by the Synod. "Under this arrangement, the sum of $20,000 was raised;:nd in 1809, the foundations of the present College edifice were laid. The Rev. Dr. Livingston was also appointed president, and the next year he removed from the city of New York, and established his residence in New Brunswick. " In 1825, it was judged expedient to change the name of the College. In honor of Colonel Henry Rutgers, of New York, a distinguished Revolutionary patriot, and a considerable contributor to its funds, the 15 226 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. corporation determined that the College should thenceforth bear his name. Accordingly, at the request of the Trustees, the Legislature of New Jersey, on the 30th day of November, 1825, passed an act declaring that the name of Queen's College'be, and the same hereby is changed to that of Rutgers College.' "The libraries of the College and literary societies embrace, in the aggregate, about 12,000 volumes. Each student may have access to the College library by paying the annual fees, amounting to $1. "The libraries of the literary societies are accessible to the members of the societies, upon compliance with such laws as the societies respectively enact." NEWTON. NEWTON COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (1857.) 500 vols. " Our Institute is an incorporated academy. The act of incorporation was passed February 12th, 1852, but the library is now just organized. "There was a Town Lyceum here, some years since, that collected a library of some two or three hundred volumes, but it had fallen into disuse, and was fast going to ruin. Since my connection with this Institute, I have obtained possession of it, and, by donations and purchase, have increased the number to 500 volumes, and it is now open for the use of the members of the Institute and the citizens of the town gene. rally. I am about calling a public meeting of the citizens, to adopt a regular system for its permanence and increase."-J. S. Smith. PRINCETON. COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY. (1855.) 10,144 vols. The College was founded in 1746. The library was commenced in 1755, but was entirely consumed by fire in 1801. It now contains 10,144 volumes, of which, 6474 are in English, 1443 French, 399 German, 27 Spanish, 155 other modern languages, 1180 Latin, 353 Greek, 62 Hebrew, 51 Oriental. During 1854, 1095 volumes were lent to 230 persons. The books are classified by subjects. The students pay $2 a year for the use of the library. It is open an hour every Monday and Tuesday. NEW JERSEY. 227 During 1854, the receipts were $463; of which, $309 76 were expended for books, and $61 72 fobr periodicals. There is a collection of maps and also of medals and coins, besides over 8000 sulphurets,-fac similes of ancient Roman and other coins. A catalogue was printed in 1760, in 12mo. CLIOSOPHIC SOCIETY (COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY). (1855.) 4322 vols.* Founded, 1765. "As this Society is of a secret nature, no information can be furnished." It has a handsome building erected exclusively for its purposes by its members. AMERICAN WHIG SOCIETY (COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY). (1853.) 4500 vols. This Society has erected a fine building for its own use. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1855.) 14,000 vols. Founded in 1812. The students pay $1 a year for the use of the library. It is open twice in the week, an hour each time. The books are, for the most part, arranged by subject. During 1854, about 130 persons took books out. About 1000 volumes are added annually. The works are mostly theological, including all the Polyglots and most of the Fathers, besides a very valuable collection of about 1000 volumes of bound pamphlets, collected mostly by one individual. It is a very choice and valuable library. No certain sum is devoted annually to the purchase of books. The average annual expenditure would not exceed $200. On one occasion, a private library was purchased for about $1000. A beautiful Gothic building, 80 feet by 50, of brown stone, has been erected by the liberality of a single individual. The floors are of marble. The roof is slated. The whole, except the vestibule, is in one room, with a gallery. There are alcoves on the two sides of the room. TRENTOIN. STATE LIBRARY OF NEW JERSEY. (1854.) 7787 vols. Founded in 1804. During 1854, $190 were expended for books; 22?8 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. $70 for binding; $42 for periodicals. The salary of the librarian, $200, is paid by the Legislature. The library is mainly for reference. During 1854, 1890 volumes were lent to about 378 persons. It has one volume, of about 600 pages, of letters in manuscript, most of them from men who served their country in the Revolution; a number of General Washington's. There is an annual appropriation of $250 for the purchase of books. The library occupies an apartment in the State House. Three catalogues have been printed: the first in 1838, 36 pages 8vo.; the second in 1847, 37 pages 8vo.; the last in 1853. The library is open daily, from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M., during the sessions of the Legislature and the State Courts, and also of the United States Courts, which sit at Trenton. The persons entitled to the use of the books are, officers of the Executive department, members of the Legislature, and members of the New Jersey bar. WEST HOBOKEN. WEST HOBOKEN LYCEUM AND LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1855.) 811 vols. Founded April 5, 1852, by members of the First Ecclesiastical Society, of West Hoboken. Gentlemen pay $1 initiation, and $2 annual fee; ladies, $1 a year. The receipts during 1854 were $61 51; expenditures for books, $13 72; periodicals, $1 87; incidentals, $31 59. The library is open two hours every Tuesday and Friday evening. During. 1854, 582 volumes were lent to 26 persons; of which novels formed the largest number. Four periodicals are taken. NEW YORK. 229 NEW YORK. ALBANY. ALBANY ACADEMY. Incorporated March 4, 1813, at the instance of the corporation of the city, and appropriate grants were made for its endowment. The building was commenced in 1815, and completed in 1817. In relation to this Academy, Professor Henry, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, made the following remarks before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, which held its sessions in its walls, in August, 1851: "The Albany Academy," he said, "is my Alma Mater. The Albany Academy was, and I presume still is, one of the first, if not the very first institution of its kind in the United States. Its system of education is more extensive and more thorough than many colleges in our country. It early opposed the pernicious maxim in education, that a child should be taught nothing but what it can perfectly understand, and that the sole object of instruction is to teach the pupil to think. The Albany Academy adopted the more philosophical maxim, that the child should first be taught to do; that art should precede science." ALBANY INSTITUTE. (1857.) 10,000 vols. It was formed by a union of the " Society for the Promotion of Useful Arts," and the " Albany Lyceum of Natural History," on 5th May, 1824, and incorporated 27th January, 1829. The yearly dues are $2 each, and initiation fee, $5. Receipts during 1854, $313. A catalogue was printed in 1855, 354 pages 8vo., at a cost of. $347 for 300 copies. The books are arranged alphabetically. There is also a museum of natural history, coins, &c. Three volumes of transactions have been published by the Institute. ALBANY MEDICAL COLLEGE. (1857.) 2474 vols. Founded in 1845. A library has been accumulated from funds set 230 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. apart for the purchase of books, and by the donations of the friends of the institution. A portion of this library is appropriated to the use of students during the lecture term. No fee is charged for the use of books, to those who have matriculated. The library is open one hour every week. "The books are arranged by size and accident." $8800 were expended for books during the last five years. The students also have a library. NEW YORK STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. (.1857.) 2097 vols. Founded in 1832. Receipts during 1856, $184; expenditures for books, $60; binding, $60; periodicals, $15 50; incidentals, $48 50. About $300 have been expended for books during the last five years. About 250 volumes are added yearly. The library is free to members of the Society and strangers. The books are intended to be arranged by subjects. The library is open all week days (except holidays) from 8 A.M. to 6 P.M. Fifteen volumes were lent in 1854, to four persons. 1763 volumes are in English, 210 French, 25 German, 1 Spanish; other modern languages, 9. The last catalogue was printed in 1850; cost, $3 50. The collection of books is an excellent one, containing many old, rare, and valuable agricultural works; and the modern ones, as they are published, are secured. The library is much used, and is of great advantage to members of the Society and others. The following periodicals are taken. The list is given here, as it embraces most of the agricultural journals of the country, and will be useful to others desiring to procure them. FOREIGN. Gardener's Chronicle, Weekly, London. Mark Lane Express, " " North British Agriculturist, " Edinburgh. Farmer's Magazine, Monthly, London. Journal Chemico-Agricultural Society, " Belfast. Journal Royal Agricultural Society, Quarterly, London. Journal Highland and Agricultural Society, " Edinburgh. Journal Agriculture Pratique, Weekly, Paris. Journal La Science Pomologique, " " NEW YORK. 231 Journal Mensuel des Travaux, &c. Monthly, Paris. Bulletin de la Societe, Imp6rial Zoologique, Staats und landwirthschaftliche Acadamie Eldena, Quarterly, Berlin. UNITED STATES AND CANADA. Country Gentleman, Weekly, Albany. Rural New Yorker, " Rochester. Roman Citizen, " Rome, N. Y. Sabbath Recorder, " New York. Life Illustrated, " Saratoga News, " Saratoga Springs. Saratoga Republican, " " West Chester Gazette, " Morrisania, N. Y. Maine Farmer, " Augusta, Me. Farmer and Visitor, " Manchester, N. H. Homestead, " Hartford, Conn. Boston Cultivator, " Boston, Mass. Massachusetts Ploughman, " " Colonization Herald, "' Philadelphia, Pa. Germantown Telegraph, " Germantown, Pa. Ohio Farner, " Cleveland, O. California Farmer, " San Francisco. Prairie Farmer, " Chicago, Ill. Ohio Cultivator, Semi-monthly, Columbus, O. Northern Farmer, " Clinton, Oneida, N. Y. Genesee Farmer, Monthly, Rochester. American Agriculturist, " New York. Working Farmer, " " Plough, Loom, and Anvil,: " Stock Journal, " Middlebury, Vt. Northern Farmer, " Woodstock, Vt. New Jersey Farmer, " Freehold, N. J. Veterinary Journal, " Boston. Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, " " New England Farmer, " " Farm Journal, " Philadelphia, Pa. Horticulturist, " " Western Agriculturist,: Pittsburg, Pa. American Farmer, " Baltimore, Md. Southern Planter, " Richmond, Va. Virginia Farmer, " Harrisonburgh, Va. Carolina Cultivator, " Raliegh, N. C. Avator, " " 232 PUBLIC LTBRARIES. South Carolina Agriculturist, Monthly, Columbia, S. C. Southern Cultivator, " Augusta, Ga. Indiana Farmer, " Richmond, Ind. Ohio Valley Farmer, " Cincinnati, O. The Cincinnatus, " " Michigan Farmer, " Detroit, Mich. American Farmer, " Kalamazoo, Mich. Western Farm Journal, " Pewee Valley, Ky. Valley Farmer,' St. Louis and Louisville. American Cotton Planter, &c., " Montgomery, Ala. Illinois Farmer, " Springfield, Ill. Wisconsin Farmer, " Madison, Wis. Iowa Farmer, " Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. Northwestern Farmer, " Dubuque, Iowa. Cedar Valley Farmer, " Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Tennessee Farmer and Mechanic, " Nashville, Tenn. Agricultural Journal, " Montreal, Canada. Agriculturist, " Toronto, Canada. Lyceum Natural History, Quarterly, New York. American Journal of Education, " Hartford, Ct. NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY. (1857.) 50,000 vols. Founded in 1818, by the Legislature of the State. Receipts during 1854, $10,205; expenditures for books, $2537; binding, $792; salaries, $3450; incidentals, $848. Receipts during 1856, $7355 96; expenditures for books, $2537 30; binding, $696 19; salaries, $3450; incidentals, $600. The whole amount appropriated by the State for the library, from 1818 to 1850, was $62,995 97. The books are partly arranged by subjects, generally alphabetical. Historical and genealogical works are most called for. The greater -part of the library consists of works on law and history. About 4000 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $14,000 have been expended for books. Annual cost of support, $8000. During the year 1855, the arrangement of the library in the new building was completed. The additions during that year hmounted to 3000 volumes. The Trustees of the State Library are required by law to report annually, to the Legislature, the additions to the library, and, at the end of every five years, a full catalogue of its contents. The catalogue of 1850 was comprised in one octavo volume of 1100 pages. The catalogue of 1855 occupies three volumes. The first, contains the printed NEW YORK. 233 books in the general library. The second, the law books and State papers; and the third, the manuscripts, maps, engravings, coins, &c. This last catalogue cost $5000 for 1500 copies. In 1850, there were 23,274 volumes; in 1855, 43,634; of which, 30,011, including 144 volumes of MSS., are in the General Library, and 13,623 in the Law Library. This shows an increase of 20,360 volumes in five years. There is a large collection of manuscripts connected with the history of the State, most of which have been received from the office of the Secretary of State, from which they were transferred to the State Library, in pursuance of a joint resolution of the Senate and Assembly. A separate catalogue of these, forming 55 pages 8vo., was printed in 1849, being No. 148 of the Assembly documents. Some of these manuscripts are of great interest and value. Among them are the original charter, or grant, of Charles II, to his brother, the Duke of York, of this State, in 1664; several royal commissions, of which the oldest is that of William and Mary, in 1689, constituting Henry Sloughter, captain-general of the province of New York; oaths of allegiance and office, extending from 1698 to 1810; certificates of entry for land and land patents; rolls of laws passed by the Legislature of the Province, &c. Respecting the general character of the collection, the Select Committee of the Assembly on the library say, in their Report dated February 3, 1849: " We feel constrained to say that we have been surprised and gratified to find such completeness in some of the departments, and the whole to be of such great value. An examination will convince all that it has become a worthy object of State pride. Already the law department is considered the most perfect of any similar collection in the States. It is believed, also, that nowhere can be found so many useful works on America and American affairs. The most unwearied pains have been taken; Europe and this country have been ransacked to procure everything valuable in this department. The value of these books cannot be estimated in money, for money could not replace very many of them. There are, also, valuable scientific, statistical, documentary, and miscellaneous works, otherwise inaccessible to Americans generally." This library has, at different times, received large and valuable accessions by means of exchanges. The additions, since 1850, in the department of American history, to which the trustees have given special attention, have been very con 234 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. siderable. The papers of George Clinton, the first Governor of this State, who acted a conspicuous part in the war of the Revolution, have been purchased by legislative authority, and arranged in twenty-three substantially bound folio volumes, which are now in the library. Those of Sir William Johnson, extending from 1738 to 1774, liberally contributed by General John Cooper, of Albany, have also been appropriately arranged, and bound in twenty-two folio volumes. These both contain much valuable information in reference to the early history of the State, and various matters connected with the Revolutionary War. The catalogue is arranged under the names of the authors, States, or societies, publishing the books. Anonymous works are inserted under the first substantive or important word in the title, unless the name of the author is generally known. Surnames of foreign authors, commencing with prefixes, as La, De, &c., have been inserted according to uniform rules. The index to the catalogue has been arranged on the principle of a dictionary, in preference to scientific classification, as being probably best adapted to the wants of the largest number of readers. By the aid of its cross-reference, each work may be found either under the popular or scientific name of the subject. Subjects, such as the acts of States and corporations, anonymous biographies, &c &c., are not necessarily repeated in the index; which makes it advisable, sometimes, to have recourse both to the catalogue and the index. The marks, fol. 80, 12~, &c., in the catalogue, refer not to the absolute folding of the sheets, but to the average size of the volumes. The library is open, during the session of the Legislature and the courts, from 9 A.M. to 4 P.M., Sundays excepted. On Christmas, New Year's, and other holidays, it is open one hour, from 9 to 10 A.M. It is accessible, for reading and consultation, to every citizen. The following statutes and regulations of the trustees relate to the use of the library: "It shall be the duty of the trustees to provide, in their regulations, that any member of the Senate or Assembly, during the session of the Legislature, or during the sitting of the Court for the Correction of Errors, or of the Senate only, shall be permitted, under proper restrictions, forfeitures, and penalties, to take to his boarding-house, or private room, any book belonging to the library, except such books as the trustees shall determine are necessary always to be kept in the library as NEW YORK. 235 books of reference; but no member of the Legislature shall be permitted to take or detain from the library more than two volumes at any one time.-Revised Statutes, vol. i, pt. i, chap. ix, tit. 8, sect. 6. " Before the President of the Senate, or the Speaker of the Assembly, shall grant to any member a certificate of the time of his attendance, he shall be satisfied that such member has returned all books taken out of the library by him, and has settled all accounts for fines for injuring such books or otherwise. " The trustees hereby declare, agreeably to the provisions of the Revised Statutes, that the Law Library, in its most extensive sense, comprehends such books of reference as should always be kept in it; but, during the session of the Legislature, of the Senate, of the Court for the Correction of Errors, and of any court held in the Capitol, law books may be taken from the library to any room in the Capitol, to be returned on the same day. The librarian shall previously charge each person, so taking, with the book or books, and a fine of fifty cents shall be imposed for each day's detention beyond the above time. The regulations above ordained, as to loss, injury, or damage of books, shall apply in the present case. " No books belonging to the Law Library, are to be taken to the Miscellaneous Library to be read; nor are books, maps, charts, or prints, belonging to the Mliscellaneous Library, to be taken to the Law Library to be read or examined."-Ibid. sec. 7. The number of persons consulting the library is said to be very large, but it cannot be accurately stated. ST. MARY'S LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 450 vols. Organized March 4, 1849. "The objects of this Association are: First: To establish in this city, on a permanent basis, a library for the dissemination of Catholic and useful knowledge. Second: To forward the moral and intellectual advancement of its members; *and third: To create among its members a spirit of harmony and good feeling, that will be conducive alike to their interest and pleasure.. "Any person over eighteen years of age wishing to join this Association, will be required to pay the sum of 1, as initiation fee, and 3 shillings per quarter, in advance; and any person under eighteen, will be required to pay 50 cents as initiation fee, and 3 shillings per quarter in advance." 236 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Receipts during 1854 were $180 91; expenditures for books, $90; binding, $9; periodicals, $31 50; incidentals, $50 41. The library is open Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday evenings, from 7 to 10 P.M. During 1854, 310 volumes were lent to 60 persons. All the books are in English. 13 papers are taken. About 50 volumes are added'yearly. Annual cost of support, $200. During the last five years about $350 were expended for books. The library rooms are attached to St. Mary's Church. The members of the Association are all young mechanics, clerks, and apprentices. Lectures are given every winter. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. (1857.) 1000 vols. In the Report for 18-16, of the Executive Committee of the State Normal School of New York, established at Albany, in 1844, it is stated that " a donation for an educational library has been made to the Normal School, by the executors of the Hon. James Wadsworth, out of certain funds left by that distinguished friend of education, to be disbursed in such manner as would best promote the interests of the schools of the people." This valuable donation has been received, and composes the principal part of the " Miscellaneous Library." YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 8060 vols. Founded on the 13th of December, A.D. 1833. "The plan originally contemplated, and which has been hitherto carried into successful operation, was to furnish, at the cheap rate of $2 per annum, admission to a news and periodical room, in which all the leading journals and periodicals of the State and nation, and such foreign ones as were deemed proper, should be taken; the privilege of taking books from a library, to which additions are constantly being made of new and valuable publications; attendance upon popular lectures on literary and scientific subjects at least once a week, during the winter months, and opportunities for debate during the same period. Such extended means of information, of so varied and practical a' character, it is confidently asserted, were never before offered at so cheap a rate." The Association was incorporated by Act of Legislature, passed March 12, 1835. The following is a summary statement of the affairs of the Association, taken from the Annual Reports of its presidents, from the time of its organization. NEW YORK. 237 No. Perio- Vols. in Number Honorary Regular Total'YEAR. news- dicals Library. of Life- Members. iMembers. number of papers taken. Members. embers. taken. Feb. 1 S34 92 23 811 8 - 134 502 644 " 1835 87 20 917 9 41 328 378 " 1836 84 16 1169 17 123 502 642 1837 80 30 1369 23 91 494 608 " 1838 80 25 1711 21 100 605 726 1839 91 29 2205' 24 108 769 901 " 1840 85 30 2244 28 123 885 1036 " 1841 81 25 2618 35 113 905 1053 1842 88 31 3067 37 113 934 1084 1843 78 20 3208 38 107 761 906 July,1843 72 17 3236 No report on file. " 1844 76 20 3294 No report on file. Feb. 1845 68 18 3323 39 177 627 844 1846 76 19 3616 38 150 745 933 " 1847 76 20 4015 41 154 1009 1204 "1848 74 20 4401 41 130 877 1048 " 1849 74 25 4989 44 102 908 1056 1850 78 25 5289 46 97 1070 1213 " 1851 79 21 5949 49 100 1088 1237' 1855 7365 " 1557 8060 A catalogue of the library, classified, with an alphabetical index, was published in January, 1848. It contains 103 pages 8vo. An earlier catalogue was printed in 1843. The last catalogue was printed in 1853. In the report for 1855, the following recommendations are made, relative to classification of the books: "In our estimation, the system of alphabetically arranging the books under their respective titles has great advantages. As the library is now assorted, Fiction, Poetry, History, Biography, &c., have allotted places, and these favorite haunts are sought by numbers; while Science, Philosophy, and Ethics, have few to do them reverence; and many excellent and delightful works are entirely ignored by readers, because they are in an unpopular and almost uncared for classification. Let the books be arranged alphabetically, and every member who knows the title of the book he wants, will know where to find it unassisted; and, in his research, ~may meet with a volume, the possession of which, 1 The several reports of the presidents having been presented at the annual meeting held on the evening preceding the election for officers, the foregoing table does not show the actual number of members on the day of election. The number of members who had renewed their tickets at the close of the election, held February 6, 1856, was 1439, of whom 1261 voted at the election. 238 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. by the Association, he was not aware of, and for which he may have often sought. "This suggestion, if followed, will entail considerable labor on the committee; but its benefits will be adequate thereto." The receipts during 1854, were $6086 90; expenditures for books; $300; binding, $96 98; periodicals, $100; salaries, $741 83. About 300 volumes are added yearly. From 1852-57, $1850 were expended for books. The salary of the librarian is $500; that of the janitor, $300. During 1854, 12,600 volumes were lent to 600 persons. During 1856, 14,000 volumes were lent to 654 persons. AUBURN. AUBURN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1856.) 5250 vols. Founded in 1821, by the Presbyterian Church. "The Seminary library is very inadequate to the wants of the institution, not having been enlarged by any important additions for fifteen years or more. The trustees and commissioners have resolved to raise $30,000 for this purpose as soon as possible." $20 a year is paid the librarian, which is given to one of the students who acts as assistant librarian. BROOKLYN. BROOKLYN ATHENAEUM AND READING-ROOIM. (1857.) 3759 vols. Incorporated January 31, 1852. The building of this association is located on the corner of Atlantic and Clinton Streets. Its cost was not far from $50,000. In addition to a few rooms which may be rented, it contains a library-room, 21 feet by 70; a reading-room, 25 feet by 42; a conversation-roomn, 21 feet by 36; and a lecture-room, 90 feet by 30, which will seat over 1800 persons. Number of volumes, 1854, 2600; 1855, 3000; 1856, 3551; 1857, 3709. Number of volumes drawn, 1855, 8642 by 840 persons; 1856, 9813; 1857, 10,000. About one-half of -the books called for are works of amusement and fiction. Next to these are history and general literature, biography, and travels, and, least of all, philosophical and scientific works. NEW YORK. 239 The receipts for the year 1856, were $8746, and expenditures, $8624. The entrance fee is $1, and annual dues $3. About $300 are expended every year for books, and 375 volumes added. The books are arranged alphabetically. The library is open daily from 8 A.M. till 10 P.M. About 45 periodicals are taken. A catalogue of 64 pages 8vo. was printed in 1853, cost $150 for 1000 copies. 3331 volumes are in English, 63 French, 77 German. This institution has a picture-gallery, containing, among others, an historical painting by Barker, of London, 10 feet by 14 feet, " William Rufus, hunting." CITY LIBRARY. (1857.) 3000 vols. Founded and incorporated in 1839. The books (400) of the Hamilton Association have been purchased. The whole now occupy a part of the Free Library room of the Brooklyn Institute, but are not merged in the library of the Institute. A right in the library costs $25; annual assessment, $3. Persons not owning "rights," may enjoy the privileges of the library on paying $5 per annum. -An alphabetical catalogue, 80 pages 8vo., was published in 1841. The act of incorporation and by-laws are prefixed to the catalogue. The library is under the care of the Institute, and no separate librarian is employed. STRONG PLACE BAPTIST CHURCH LIBRARY. (1858.) 500 vols. Founded in 1852, by E. B. Litchfield, Esq. The object of this library is to collect all the books of a denominational character, written or edited by Baptists, and none others are procured. Most of the books now in the library were purchased by Rev. Dr. Taylor, in London, in 1854, and some of them are very rare. This is considered already the best collection of Baptist books in America, and additions are constantly being made. UNITED STATES NAVAL LYCEUM. (1856.) 4500 vols. Founded in 1853. Chartered in 1835. Formed by officers of the navy and marine corps. Supported and governed by subscriptions. Initiation, $5; annual dues, $1. All members are entitled to the use of the library, which is open every day from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. A number of magazines are taken. About 300 volumes are added yearly. 240 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. A catalogue was printed in 1856, 500 copies cost $75. The assistant librarian receives a salary of $500 per annum. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1856.) 1150 vols. From the net proceeds of the lectures in 1854-'5, there was appropriated the sum of $500, with which the Library Committee, under the direction of the Board, have purchased 600 volumes, mainly of standard works, and all of permanent value. These, in addition to those already in its possession, constitute the library; embracing religious, biographical, historical, scientific, narrative, and belles-lettres, with a careful selection of standard and approved fiction. Many valuable, and a few rare books of reference, are included in the number; to which will soon be added bound volumes of standard periodicals and magazines, among which are thirty volumes, complete, of the Missionary Herald. Perfect files of the New York Daily Times, Tribune, and Post, from 1852, are now in process of binding, together with those of the Ohristian Advocate and Journal, from its commencement to the present time. Many young men habitually resort to the rooms to consult commentaries and other helps in the study of the Bible, preparatory to their attendance upon Bible classes or teachers' meetings; and thus, already, the library is subserving one of the ends for which it was designed. The reading-room, which is free to all young men, now offers a rich repast to literary taste and appetite. Receipts from 1854-'56, $3606 87; expenditures, $3177 51. The annual dues are $2. The following provisions of the constitution are peculiar to this Association: " The officers of the Association are, a president, one vice-president from each denomination represented in the Association, a corresponding secretary, recording secretary, treasurer, and librarian; who, together with twelve managers, of whom each denomination shall be entitled to an equal number, constitute a Board of Managers.. " All of the above-named officers shall hold office for one year; and at the election in 1856, twelve managers shall be chosen, the first nominee of each denomination elected holding office for two years, and the second for one year, and thereafter six managers shall be elected annually, one from each denomination, whose term of office shall be two years." NEW YORK. 241 YOUTIT'S FREE LIBRARY OF THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE. (1857.) 5000 vols. The Institute was founded August, 1823. Chartered September, 1824, by the name of the Apprentices' Library Association of Brooklyn; charter renewed April 13, 1843, and name changed to the Brooklyn Institute. The Free Library dates from 1828. The present rate of increase is 200 volumes a year.' The average annual expenditure for books is $200 a year. M'any books are annually worn out by constant use. There is, at present, no permanent fund for the increase of the library. A part of the rent of the Institute rooms is devoted to that purpose. The sum of $5000 is about to be invested as a permanent fund for the library. A building of granite and brick was erected for a lyceum, at an expense of $30,000. It was sold under mortgage, bought by an individual, and presented to the trustees expressly for a library. It is 80 feet long, 50 feet wide, and three stories high. About 30,000 books are taken out each year. The librarians are volunteers, and frequently change. " TMinors of twelve years of age and upwards may have free access to the Youths' Free Library, Brooklyn Institute. " A guarantee is required for the safe return of all books loaned. " Each reader is required to purchase a catalogue, at twenty-five cents. The numbers of the books wanted, must be legibly marked on the card supplied for that purpose previous to coming to the library. " The library is open for girls every Wednesday and Thursday, from 2 to 4 o'clock P.IM.; for boys, every Monday, Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday evenings, from 5 to 7 o'clock." A catalogue was printed in 1857, 12mo. 118 pages; 2000 copies cost, including binding, $220. BUFFALO. YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 9331 vols. Founded in 1836. The initiation fee is $1, and annual dues $3. The books are arranged by subjects. The library is open daily, from 8 A.I. to 9 P.M. During 1854, 22,995 volumes were drawn by 1100 persons. The books most called for were "Ida Mlay," " Lamplighter," "Ruth Hall," " Autobiography of an Actress," "Queechy," and 16 242 PUBLIC LTBRARIES. " Lofty and Lowly." 6454 volumes are in English, 36 French, 3 German, 19 Spanish, I Dutch, 70 Latin, I Oriental. A catalogue was printed in 1848, 146 pages 8vo., cost $202 for 1000 copies. There is a geological, mineralogical, and paleontological collection belonging to the Association, of value. The yearly increase of volumes is 775. During the last five years, $6000 have been expended for books. 24 newspapers and 16 periodicals are taken by the Association. The annual expense of this department is about $250. The salary of the librarian is $1000; of the assistant librarian, $150. The following statistics are taken from the annual reports. The numberi and kind of'volumes drawn from the library have been as follows: 1841.1842.1843.1844.1845.1846.1847.1849.1853.1854.1855.1856. Fiction,.. (per cent.),. 40 33 36 32 33 34 35 37 56 57 622 62 History and Biography,". 30 37 32 34 36 35 38 39 27 244 224 23 Standard literature, ". 20 20 21 22 20 21 19 16 14 14 10 11 Science,.. " 10 10 11 12 11 10 10 8 3 41 3 4 -da CPAST HISTORY OF THE YOUNG MEN S ASSOCIATION, BUFFALO, IN A TABULAR FORM. Cq~~~~' ~~ A T A'0 B U L R O M ed~ iiC C C I~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 0 C), CC'0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A1C E'C C. 0 0 ) -C a "o cd d 0l. 02.5 Q~d t 3C 0J0 ~ -'4 C 3 Presidents. 3 A 3 ~~~~~e 3 ~)M d t d CZ PI PI PC z ) C i~'0 CCC) a,.0 3e 0~ cC - d 3. gC)~C) C COM Ca C1o, 3,, 0 ~0 t )i. Rk 0' ~~;5 a / 1 C / /G Y 3.0 30.O'~ -Z a *4 Ca d S ~~ ~. z ~ HG ~ Z G Q/. Z.~ /' Feb. 1837 $2,102 00 $703 00 2,700 102 400. 4 400 $2 $2 $300 00 5,500 ($1234 00 53787 00 Free. $180 15. Seth C. Hawley. 1838 653 00 341 00 86 45 82 8 14 30l 2 5 2,484 00 7.500 1010 75 1425 00 Free. 168 19 Seth C. Hawley. 0 S 1839 140 00 378 00 no act 48 53..203 2 5 2,075 00 68300 1121 00 484 00 Free. 78 16... George E. Hayes. "..S0.. 1250 oo/nonel 27 / 85. 1,976 001 6,6000114 0 1840 5 250 00 none 27 35.. 195 2 5 1C976 00 6,600 1047 00 297 75 14 50 69 47 Edward Norton. "1841 36 00 32300 128 28 28.. 22 124 2 5 80300 6,40 67575 1253 00 10 00 3 84 Walter Joy. 1842 148 40 284 00 81 -33 281 1 7 407 1 3 408 62 10,400 1352 00 418 00 35 69 63 64 Warren Bryant. "1843 92 23 289 00 122 36 90.... 401 1 3 370 04 11,100 1292 00 35 50 2 00 273 23. W. L. G. Smith. "1844 144 30 158 00 243 42 57 271 1 3 481 53 9.000 868 75 60 00 7 00 164 74 W. H-. Green. 1845 73 48 204 33 20 no act 40'.. 1 278 1 3 545 78 8C000 874 87 52 00 no lec. 16 75. abez 1. Bfll. 1846 427 60 140 00 385 21 74. 458 1 3 5 8,200 1447 44 246 28 162 90 367 93 Gibson T. Williams. "18471 159 82 208 95 155 no act 63 400 1 3 9,250 1263 25 51 25 144 47 571 39 Samuel T. Atwater. "1848 574 99 209 64 420 43 133 1 475 1 3 10,600 1556 56 318 75 31 20 603 38 Thomas C. Welch. 1849 231 97 233 96 170 41 134 11 398 1 3... 14,200 1327 62 227 46 20 77 466 12... James Sheldon. 1850 320 04 190 07 199 31 132 1 14451 3... 12,000 1467 12 260 421 * 546 75... IsaacSherman. 1851 245 00 196 82 228 30 72 3 397 1 3... 9,477 1262 18 60 00 18 41 349 36... Charles D. Norton. " 1852 382 43 198 76 75 34 275 1 4 797 1 3... 11,600 2664 60 1494 00 392 29 1900 45... J. M51. Hutchinson.1 1853 796 67 196 87 918 48 267 2 1 814 1 3.. 14,440 2708 36 110 001152 34 2038 98... James L. Butler. 1854 1,345 14 202 49 576 52 254 1 1 838 1 3 19,229 2769 25 220 50 691 93 2954 77... Bronson C. RIumsey. 1855 1,618 00 245 51 857 55 184 9 1 853 1 3 22,995 2743 63 50 001380 37 2114 11.. Wells D. Walbridge. 1856 730 88 233 21 079 55 344 9 3 1070 1... 22,793 3524 751 150 00 271 69 3040 53. Alexander W. Harvey. 1857 2,068 41 238 45 1,289 55 324 9 20 11046 1 3... 27,830 3461 12 1000 00 827 43 3651 64 1150 00 John G. Guenther. 9' $156 82 lost this year. t During this year moved from roomsover 175 Main Street to rooms on South Division Street. 7 During this year moved from rooms on South Division Street to American Hall, Main Street. 244 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN UNION. (1856.) 1200 vols. Organized in 1852. During the year ending March 2d, 1857, 90 volumes were added to the library. 1894 volumes were drawn out by members; of which 4 per cent. were scientific, 15 per cent. religious, 23 per cent. historical and biographical, and 58 per cent. miscellaneous literature. 13 periodicals and 32 papers are taken. The number of members is 844; 201 having been added during the year. Receipts during 1856, $2248 82; expended during 1856, $1952 71. The course of lectures, in 1856-57, netted $226 37 to the Association. During the year, the Association distributed 36 English, 114 German Bibles; 161 English, 217 German Testaments; German and English, 69; French, 9; total, 609. English tracts, 18,600; German, 16,000; whole number of pages, 139,600. This association is one of the first in the United States, in numbers, efficiency, and usefulness. CARMEL. RAYMOND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (1857.) Has a good library and reading-room. CAZENOVIA. ONEIDA CONFERENCE SEMINARY. (1856.) 3000 vols. Founded in 1824. The library was commenced in 1830. The Seminary library, consists of volumes well selected, in the several departments of Science and Art, Philology, Belles-lettres, History, Encyclopemdias, and Journals; of course, to a limited degree in each. 25 cents per term is charged for use of the books. Receipts during 1854, $540; expenditures for books,-$500; binding, 827; periodicals, $6; incidentals, $7. The library is open on Saturday, from 11 to 12 A.M. 1656 volumes are in English; 5 modern languages, 65 Latin, 125 Greek, and 1 Chinese. 11 newspapers and 7 periodicals are taken. Two literary societies, the LYCEUM and PHILOMATIHESIAN, have long been in very efficient operation. Both have libraries, containing a total NEW YORK. 245 of 779 volumes, and beautifully furnished and attractive halls for their weekly meetings. CHARLOTTEVILLE. NEW YORK CONFERENCE SEMINARY. (1856.) The institution is furnished with good philosophical and chemical apparatus, and a well-selected library. Connected with the Seminary, is a reading-room, which the Principal says is "unsurpassed in the extent and excellence of its contents, by that of any other literary institution in the land." It contains over 70 publications; embracing 6 dailies, over 20 magazines and reviews, and a large number of weeklies, religious, literary, scientific, and political, from all sections of the country. The room is neatly furnished and kept, and is open to all students, upon payment of 25 cents per term. The buildings are new, and contain good and neatly furnished rooms, for the accommodation of nearly 500 students. Connected with the institution are four flourishing literary societies, the PHILOMATHEAN, WESLEYAN LITERARY ASSOCIATION, THETA PHI, and the ATHENA; three of which have fine libraries belonging to them. CLINTON. HAMILTON COLLEGE. (1857.) 3340 vols. Founded in 1810. The College and Society libraries, amounting, in 1857, to 10,000 volumes, are at all times accessible to students. Geological and mineralogical cabinets, and collections in natural history, are also connected with the College, embracing the following, viz.: 3000 specimens of ores and simple minerals; 2500 specimens of fossils and rocks to illustrate the geology of New York; 1000 specimens to illustrate the geology of the United States; 600 specimens of fossils, mostly from the Silurian formations of Europe; 500 specimens from the coal formations of the United States; 250 specimens from the New Red Sandstone formation; 600 specimens of crystallized minerals from New York localities; 600 specimens of land, fresh-water, and marine shells; 300 specimens in ornithology, from China; 500 specimens in botany. The library is open on Tuesdays and Fridays, at noon, for half an 246 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. hour. During 1854, 455 volumes were lent to 102 persons. 2880' volumes are in English, 120 French, 4 German, 152 Latin, 144 Greek, 30 Hebrew, and 10 Oriental. A catalogue was printed in 1826. The average annual expenditure for books the last ten years, has not exceeded $60. There is no permanent fund, except an income of $50, attached to the department of classical literature. The library room is about 75 feet by 20, in the same building with the chapel. All persons connected with the College-trustees, officers, and students-are allowed the use of the books gratuitously. The UNION SOCIETY, formed in 1834, has a library (1850) of 3400 volumes. The triennial catalogue, printed at Utica, in 1847, 55 pages 8vo., contains names of members, catalogue of the library, and of the cabinet. The PH(ENIX SOCIETY has a library (1850) of 3400 volumes. The triennial catalogue, published in November, 1847, 61 pages 8vo., contains the names of members, catalogue of books, and of articles in the cabinet. In the year 1832, William H. Maynard, by his last will, left to Hamilton College, the sum of $20,000, as a permanent endowment for a law professorship. FORDHAM. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. (1857.) 12,090 vols. The library was founded in 1840; but considerably increased, in 1846, by the accession of the library of St. MIary's College, Marion County, Kentucky, when the Faculty of the latter institution was transferred to St. John's College. A large number of the books brought from Kentucky, belonged formerly to two Colleges in France, situated at Bourdeaux and Montmorillon. St. John's College Library contains a variety of works in divinity and kindred sciences; classics, historical, and scientific; some valuable and rare, especially in this country. The books are arranged according to the matter they treat of. The catalogue is well kept in folio manuscript, but has not been printed. Every year an inventory of the library is made. A binder and an assistant have been constantly at work in the College for the last four years; and many books are still unbound. The books are inscribed in the catalogue, under nine chief heads, with subdivisions under each head. NEW YORK. 247 At first, most of the books were those in dead and foreign living languages. But of late, the number of English works has greatly increased. Since last year, several hundred books have been added, proceeding both from purchases and donations. Among the valuable books, few only can be mentioned. Houbigant's Biblia Sacra, 4 in fo. 1753; Concordantim Sacrorum Bibliorum Hebraicorum, Romem, 1621, 3 in fo.; several collections of the Holy Fathers, in Greek and Latin; two copies of Petau's De Theologicis Dogmatibus, 6 fo.; Natalis Alexander, iistoria Ecclesiastica, 9 fo.; De la Place, Mecanique Celeste, English translation. The splendid work of MM. Martin and Cahier, Vitraux de Bourges; Michaud's Biographie UniverseIle, with the Supplement to the eightieth volume; Suarez, complete; Forcellini's Totius Latinitatis Lexicon, 4 in fo.; a collection of public documents of Congress and New York Legislature; as also of the lois, d'crets, &c., de l'Assemblee Constituante, Convention, &c., during the French Revolution. Different collections of periodicals and newspapers from Europe and America, &c. The room appropriated to the library is 43 feet by 19; but a place twice as large would be needed, that the books might be all exposed on the shelves: although 1700 are constantly scattered in the house for the use of the professors and inmates. The library is open daily from morning to night. Strangers are admitted on application, and are allowed to take books for a short and limited time. The students, having different private libraries for their own use, cannot, without special leave, enter the College library, and take books out of it.- C. Pernot. GENEVA. HOBART FREE COLLEGE. (1857.). 3282 vols. "In January, 1813, the Vestry of Trinity Church, New York, granted an annuity of $750 per annum to the Academy at Fairfield, Herkimer County, New York, on condition that the principal should be a clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and give clerical and theological instruction to eight young men, preparatory to their taking holy orders. "In February, 1821, the managers of The Protestant Episcopal Theological Education Society, of New York, having resolved upon Geneva, as the place for the Branch Theological School, the Vestry of 248 PUBLIC LIBRARIE.S. Trinity Church transferred the $750 per annum to Geneva, on condition that the inhabitants would erect a suitable building for the accommodation of the theological students. The result was the erection of Geneva Hall, which was completed during the next year. The funds were transferred; and Dr. McIDonald, the principal and theological professor in the Fairfield Academy, became principal of the Academy at Geneva, and professor in the Branch Theological School; and theological instruction commenced in June, 1821. "In the January following, in accordance with a previous plan, the Trustees of the Geneva Academy petitioned, and received from the Regents of the University, a provisional charter for a College, bearing date April 10th, 1822. "In 1824, after the General Theological Seminary had been finally established at New York, the Branch School was given up, and the Trustees of the General Theological Seminary gave $8000 towards the endowment of the College, in consideration of its relinquishing all claims for funds towards the support of the Branch School. In 1837, this $8000 was appropriated to the erection of Trinity Hall. " In February, 1824, the Trustees of the Protestant Episcopal Society for the Promotion of Religion and Learning, contributed $12,500, or the annual interest on that sum, at six per cent.; and on the 8th day of the same month, the charter for a College was granted, and the classes were formed in the September following. "In 1825, the CHARLES STARTIN Professorship was founded, on a legacy left by Mrs. Startin, at the disposal of Bishop Hobart, amounting at that time, in principal and interest, to $5260. "In September, 1834, statutes were passed creating a Medical Department in the College; and, in 1836, the Middle College Building was erected for the use of the Medical Facultv. But, in 1841, the New Medical College having been erected, the Middle College was appropriated to the use of the Literary Department. The State contributed $15,000 towards the New Medical College. "In 1836, the Protestant Episcopal Society for the Promotion of Religion and Learning, made an additional grant of an annuity of $500 per year; and likewise a conditional grant of $22,000, $7000 of which was paid at the time, towards the erection of College buildings; and the interest on the remaining $15,000 has been paid since 1851, at which time the condition of the grant was fulfilled, on the part of the College, by establishing and endowing the HOBART Professorship. "In 1838, the State granted the College an annuity of $6000 per NEW YORK. 249 year, which grant, however, was held to be inoperative by the amendment to the State Constitution, made in 1846, and has not been paid since that date. " In 1844 (chiefly through the efforts of President HALE), the Society for the Education of the Sons of the Clergy, was instituted, and has been in beneficial operation ever since. "In August, 1848, the Board of Trustees passed certain statutes, constituting the alumni a House of Convocation, with the power to elect such other members as the Convocation might, from time to time, choose to elect from among those who should have received either honorary or ad eundem degrees in the College. "In 1848, the small building which had been used for lecture-rooms, was fitted for a chapel; and, in 1852, an organ was obtained for the chapel, and put up in its appropriate place. "In 1849, the sum of $15,000 having been raised for that purpose, chiefly in the diocese of Western New York, the HOBART Pro-fessorship was founded, and has since been appropriated to the department of the Greek and Latin Languages and Literature. "And on the completion of this foundation, by the collection and investment of the funds above specified, the Protestant Episcopal Society for the Promotion of ReIigion and Learning, gave the College, in 1851,'the interest on a similar sum for the endowment of a Professorship. "In November, 1851, the Vestry of Trinity Church, New York, endowed the College with a permanent annuity of $3000 per year, on condition that, "1. Tuition and room-rent in the College should be made forever FREE OF CHARGE to all students. "2. The name of the College should be changed (by Act of the Legislature) to HOBART FREE COLLEGE AT GENEVA. "3. There should be established a Professorship, to be called the TRINITY PROFESSORSHIP OFr CHRISTIAN ETHICS. "' In the same year, 1851, the Faculty founded the two Faculty Prizes, for ]Declamation at the Sophomore Exhibition, at the close of the Fall Term. "In 1852, John H. Swift, Esq., of New York City, founded the Fellowship which bears his name, giving to the Fellow $350 per year. The Fellow must be a candidate for Holy Orders, and reside in the College buildings, and may be required to do duty as a tutor, hearing one recitation a day. "And in this same year, Horace White, Esq., of Syracuse, founded 250 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. the two White Prize Medals, of $25 and $10, respectively, for English Essays. "In 1853, Mr. White also gave the College an additional sum of $15,000, to found a new professorship. "In 1854, a lady in New York gave the College $1000, to found the HENRY LAIGHT Scholarship, for the benefit of an under-graduate, while pursuing his college course. He must be a communicant in the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is to be appointed by the Bishop. "TIn 1855, Horace White, Esq., further endowed the College by giving $500, the income of which is to constitute a prize, to be called the White Rhetorical Prize. "In 1855, a Greek Prize was instituted by Professor Metcalf, to'be given annually, at Commencement, to the member of the Junior Class who shall sustain the best examination in a Greek tragedy, previously selected for the purpose. " There was established in the College, at a very early day, a Course of Natural Science and Modern Languages, including, in fact, all of the College course of study except the Latin and Greek languages. Those who have completed this course, are called Bachelors of Science."Triennial Catalogue. It was the design of the founders, that the College should be under the direction of members of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and should, in its religious aspect, be conformed to the standards and offices of that church. Bishop Hobart, in his address to the Convention of his Diocese, in October, 1822, made the following remarks relative to the objects of the College: "The union between science and religion, and their reciprocal intluences, are so intimate and powerful, that no religious community can flourish where that union is not recognized, and that influence maintained in literary institutions and colleges subject to its paramount control. There is no instance of any universities or colleges in the Christian world, in which some religious denomination has not, directly or indirectly, predominating influence. The causes of this may be traced to the intimate union between science and religion, and to principles deeply seated in human nature. And it is believed that no universities or colleges, whatever may be their professions, will long be managed on any other footing. But, without digressing into these general views, it is surely obvious that Episcopalians, in common with other Christian NEW YORK. 251 denominations, ought to have colleges in which their candidates for orders may receive preparatory instruction, and in which they may have an opportunity of educating their sons under circumstances most favorable to their being confirmed in those principles and views of religious truth, maintained by the church of which they are members." The yearly increase of the library is irregular, depending chiefly on donations. During 1856, 200 volumes, some of great value, were added. There are 1700 pamphlets in the library. The College possesses a large collection of specimens in geology and mineralogy-probably as many as 8000; in ornithology, perhaps 250 specimens; a few in zoology, in herpetology, &c.; some in botany. The library has now a set of medals, presidential, naval, and military, forty-eight in number: a bequest of the late Hon. J. C. Spencer. HIERMzEAN SOCIETY (HOBART FREE COLLEGE). (1857.) 4060 vols. Founded in 1845, by the union of the Alpha Phi Delta and the Euglossian Societies. Initiation fee, $2. Members pay 75 cents a year, and others $1 for the use of the library. It is open three days a week. In 1855, 800 volumes were lent to 55 persons. The librarian receives a salary of $15. About 120 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support, about $30. HAMILTON. MADISON UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 5671 vols. The germ of this institution is to be found in the incorporation of "The Baptist Education Society of the State of New York," "to educate pious young men to the Gospel ministry." It was chartered on the 5th of March, 1819, and in the fall of the same year, Hamilton was selected as the permanent seat of the Seminary to be established, the friends of that location having paid $6000 towards this object. The institution here founded has borne different names, as "School," " Seminary," "Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution," and finally "Madison University." In the year 1829, the course of studies was extended to four years; in 1831, to six. In 1835, the first senior collegiate class graduated. On the 26th March, 1846, a University charter was obtained. 252 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. In 1847, a series of efforts were made to remove the University to Rochester, New York, and in 1850, five members of the Faculty and a majority of the trustees resigned their places, and went to that city to aid in establishing a new University, taking with them about one-half of the students. Although this difficulty occasioned great embarrassment and injury to the University, it soon recovered its position, its amount of property was more than doubled, and its number of students more than tripled. Receipts during 1854, $424 90; expenditures for books, $320; binding, $19; periodicals, $35; salaries, $20; incidentals, $30. In 1852, the library of the University was worth $8000; Missionary library and museum, $2058; Adelphian Society library, $896;.Eonian Society Library, $2036; total value, $12,990. In 1856, the College library contained 5636 volumes, worth $9500; the Society libraries contained 2500 volumes, worth $5000. The reading-room is supplied with journals from nearly every State in the Union. 3 dailies, 33 weeklies, 3 semi-monthlies, 14 monthlies, and 1 quarterly. Total, 54. In 1857, the University library had 5671 volumes; Grammar School, 650; MISSIONARY, 800; ZEONIAN, 900; the ADELPHIAN, 800; total, 8821. "Few books in the library of Madison University are ephemeral. They are mostly of permanent and of standard value, affected little by the fluctuations of the age. They have been selected with especial reference to the wants of the officers of instruction, and of the students, in all the departments of study and investigation. They are mostly philological, theological, archeological, lexicographical, encyclopcmdiacal, and historical. Particularly in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and German Philology, there is a choice selection, made mainly by the Professors in the University. Few libraries connected with our institutions of learning are more valuable for literary and theological purposes. In grammars, dictionaries, and lexicons, the collection is good. Among encyclopoadias, are the following: the Edinburgh, Britannica, Penny, Rees's, Americana, Iconographic, Nicholson's, Brande's, Chambers's, The Conversations Lexicon, &c., all complete. " The library has, as yet, no permanent fund to draw upon. It was founded in May, 1820, at the same time that a'Theological School' was opened by the Baptist Education Society of the State of New York. It was commenced by voluntary contributions of books from NEW YORK. 253 pastors of churches, and the patrons of the institution in general. At first, imost of the books were theological. Those that were not of standard value have mostly been sold, from time to time, by the librarian, and more valuable books substituted. To meet the demand of the University, now and then sums of $1000 or $1500 have been raised by subscription, and the books have been imported to order from Germany, free of duty. In most cases, the books have been selected by officers of the institution, while on a visit to Europe. The former librarian was successful in collecting, by his personal efforts, the best English and American works. And the present librarian has added, within the past three years, by purchase and donations, 600 volumes, valued at about $1000. It is hoped that ere long some benevolent individual will establish a library fund, from whose income the library may steadily be replenished."-P. P. Brown. The books are arranged according to subjects, particular portions of the room being assigned to a particular class, as classical literature, sacred philology, church history, modern languages, &c. Within each section, the books are arranged according to their size. There is no printed catalogue. The library is open for consultation every day at 1~ o'clock, and is kept open until 4 o'clock, except Saturday. Books are drawn three times a week. The students are entitled to the use of the library by the payment of 25 cents per term; the Board of Trustees, Faculty, and clergymen of the place, gratuitously. Books are always lent by the librarian to gentlemen of responsible character who desire them. Books are thus occasionally lent to persons at a considerable distance. HARTWICK. HARTWICK THEOLOGICAL AND CLASSICAL SEMINARY. (1857.) 1500 vols. Incorporated in 1815. The several libraries contain about 1500 volurnes, many of them of permanent interest and value. About 6 volumes are added annually. The THEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, and the PHILOPHRONEAN SOCIETY, have each libraries of their own. 254 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. HUDSON. FRANKLIN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1783 vols. Founded in 1837. Incorporated April 2d, 1838. The annual dues are $2. Receipts during 1854, $1030 56; expenditures for books, $91 07; salaries, $40; incidentals, $105 07. The library is open on Saturday evenings. During 1854, 6240 volumes were lent to 120 persons. Works of fiction are mostly called for,-Uncle Tom's Cabin, The Lamplighter, Ruth Hall, Fern Leaves, Dickens's Works, George W. Curtis's Works, Thackeray's Works, Melville's Works, &c. A catalogue was printed in May, 1855, 32 pages 12mo., cost $33 for 500 copies. All the books are in English. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $74. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 75. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 10,400. LE ROY. INGHAM COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (1856.) 1000 vols. The Institute has a library of 1000 volumes, to which the students have access, by paying one shilling per term. The ALTONIAN LITERARY SOCIETY has a library of more than 500 volumes. This Society takes its name from Mrs. Rev. D. C. Houghton, formerly Miss Juliana Alton, of Covington, Genesee County, New York, from whom it received a contribution'of 300 volumes, as the foundation of a library. LIlMA. GENESEE COLLEGE.'(1857.) 3500 vols. Commenced in 1850. The yearly increase of the library is about 225 volumes. The annual cost of supporting it is about $200, which is mostly for books and periodicals. About $600 have been spent for books during the last five years. Receipts in 1854, $23; expenditures for books, $21 51; periodicals, $9. Students pay $1 50 a year for the use of the library. During 1854, 200 volumes were lent to 25 persons. 956 volumes are in English, 36 French, 5 Italian, 135 German, 3 Spanish, 105 Latin, 146 Greek, 8 Hebrew, 5 Oriental. 38 periodicals are taken. NEW YORK. 255 The AmPHICTYON, GENESEE LYCEUM, and LADIES' LITERARY SOCIETY, connected with this seminary, have each a library and an appropriately furnished room. Reading-rooms are connected with the two first societies. McGRAWVILLE. NEW YOREK CENTRAL COLLEGE. (1856.) 600 vols. Founded in 1849. Receipts for the library, 1854, $20. Expended for books, $35. Students pay 12] cents per college term, for the use of the library. During 1854, 100 books were lent to 100 persons. All the books are in English. There are 107 pamphlets and 725 specimens of natural history. 9 periodicals and 14 newspapers are taken. NEWBURG. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF THE ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. (1850.) 3230 vols. Incorporated in 1835. The library was founded in 1802. The only considerable accession was the donation of the Rev. R. Forrest, containing 855 volumes. A catalogue, 16 pages 8vo., was printed in 1848. The library is open for one hour on Thursday of every week, in term time, and the use of it is free to all persons connected with the institution. NEW Y1ORK. AMERICAN BIBLE UNION. (1857.) 4000 vols. Founded June, 1850. The revisers and translators of the Bible Union are entitled to the use of the library. The books are arranged, as far as practicable, by subjects,; though, at the present time, they are distributed among the revisers, who occupy six or eight rooms. The library is open to the revisers at all hours, night and day. The yearly increase of the library is about 700 volumes. This library is exceedingly rich in everything relating to the Sacred Scriptures, biblical history, antiquities, &c. 256 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 450 vols. Founded in 1853. Annual dues, $5. The books are arranged alphabetically according to authors. The library is open five hours every day. 333 volumes are in English, 22 French, 56 German, 13 Spanish, 20 Italian, 3 Danish, and 4 Swedish. "The object of the Society is the advancement of Geographical and Statistical Science, by the collection and diffusion of knowledge in those branches. "Among the measures at present contemplated for this purpose, are the following: " 1. A collection of the most valuable maps and books of reference on Geography and Statistics, from all countries, to be deposited and kept for public use, under proper regulations.' 2. Stated meetings on Thursday of every week (July, August, and September, excepted), open to the public, for the reading of valuable papers on geographical and statistical subjects, collected from all quarters, with conversational discussions, personal narratives of explorers and travellers, &c. " 3.' A bulletin of the Society's transactions and collections, published periodically, furnished to all members, and sent in exchange to kindred institutes in all countries. " 4. To obtain, through the kind co-operation of the foreign Consuls residents here, the latest, completest; and most authentic information, publications, and public documents, from their respective countries.' 5. By correspondence with missionaries, officers of the Army and Navy, and others, to increase the extent and accuracy of geographical and statistical knowledge. " 6. Originating and assisting in explorations of undescribed regions, and in voyages of discovery. " The Society does not expect to receive, as donations, books, maps, charts, &c., which from their costliness, rarity, recent publication, or other circumstance, are highly valued by their owner. They look rather to the obtaining of ancient books of voyages and travels, obsolete maps and charts, gazetteers, and geographies long disused, compilations of statistics, duplicate copies of books, pamphlets, maps, &c. &c., in any quantity, for our exchanges or other disposition, which may encumber the shelves of a private library; but which would, nevertheless, NErW YORK. 257 add greatly to the value of a collection such as we propose to establish; or facilitate our exchanges with governments, societies, or individuals." AMERICAN INSTITUTE. (1855.) 7500 vols.' The library of the American Institute was organized in the year 1833. At a meeting of the Institute, held on the 4th day of February, 1833, a resolution was offered by Robert K. Moulton, that a committee be appointed to report on the subject of a library for the Institute; which was adopted, and Robert K. Moulton, Joseph P. Simpson, William Inglis, Clarkson Crolius, and George Bacon, were appointed. "The committee subsequently reported a plan for the organization of the library, which was adopted, on the 22d day of July, 1833, and the Institute then made an appropriation of $500 to the library. On the 13th of February, 1834, an additional appropriation of $500 was made by the Institute. " The library was first opened at the rooms of the Institute, in the year 1833, in Liberty Street near Broadway, in this city. In 1834, the library and Institute removed to No. 41 Cortlandt Street. The Institute and library remained there until 1836, when a lease was taken by the Institute of the second floor of No. 187 Broadway, at a rent of $1000 a year, where they remained for three years. In 1839, the Institute and library were removed to rooms in the new City Hall, in the Park; rented from the corporation for four years, at a rent of $400. " In 1843, the corporation granted a free lease to the Institute for ten years, subject to the right of the corporation to terminate the same when wanted for public purposes. In 1848, the corporation terminated the lease, additional rooms-being wanted for court-rooms. " In November, 1848, the Institute hired the second floor of the building corner of Broadway and Anthony Street, at the rent of $1000 per year. There being no accommodation for the library in those rooms, the books were carefully packed up and stored. "After the close of the Annual Fair in the fall of the year 1848, there appeared to be a general desire among the members to obtain a permanent location for the Institute. "The Institute having accumulated about $17,000, being the surplus proceeds of their fairs, in the spring of 1849, purchased the building now occupied by them, No. 351 Broadway, for $45,000. "The Institute removed to their new building in June, 1849, and the 17 258 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. library was then unpacked and reopened for the use of the shareholders and members of the Institute. The library-room is 80 feet long by 25 feet wide, and has been handsomely fitted up by the Institute with glass cases, gas fixtures, &c., at an expense of $702 19. Connected with the library is a reading-room, furnished with the newspapers published in the city of New York and one newspaper from each of the principal cities in the United States, and also with the principal periodicals and scientific magazines published in the United States and Great Britain. "a As the Institute had, at various times, voted appropriations of money to the library, increasing its value, questions arose as to the relative right of the shareholders and the Institute in the library. The members of the Institute were not entitled to take a volume from the library until +the 1st day of 3May, 1850, when that privilege was given them by the new by-laws. " For the purpose of settling the questions as to the rights of the shareholders, a paper was drawn up and signed by fifteen of them, releasing their rights as such, to the Institute, and which was presented at a meeting held on the 11th of April, 1850; whereupon, a resolution was passed that shareholders, who should release their rights in the library, should be life-members of the Institute; and a special vote of thanks, to those shareholders who had so released their rights, was passed. Since that time, nearly all the shareholders have released their rights and become members of the Institute for life. Uip to that time, April 11, 1850, the Institute had contributed to the library, for the purchase of books,...... 2478 25 Contributed by shareholders, in money and books,... 2494 29 Donations made by members and others, valued at,... 1270 00 Since 1st of May, 1850, the Institute has expended for books,. 948 03 Total amount contributed and expended for books for the library,. $7190 57 "From May, 1850, to January, 1852, there have been added to the library 1280 volumes, and its gradual increase has been provided for by an annual appropriations passed by the Institute on the 6th day of March, 1851, of $500 a year." The value of the library and fixtures is estimated at $11,118 58. The library is open ten hours every day. During 1854, 1150 volumes were lent to 100 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1852, at a cost of $500 for 1000 copies. The salary of the librarian is $600. Annual fee for membership, $2. NEW YORK. 259 APPRENTICES' AND DEMILT LIBRARY. (1857.) 19,026 vols. Founded November, 1820, by the General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen of the City of New York; supported by the same. The library is free to members of the General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen; also apprentices. Journeymen and other persons, $1 per annum. The library is open every day, except holidays, from 5 to 9 o'clock P.M. The last catalogue was printed in July, 1855, 12mo. 248 pages; cost $733 93 for 2000 copies. The following extract is taken from the catalogue published in 1855: "; The principal difference between this and most other catalogues of the present day, is in the last part, wherein the titles of the books are arranged in classes, and which serve as an index to the rest. The method of arranging catalogues of public libraries is a subject that has, during the last twenty-five years, occupied much of the attention of those who have had the management of such institutions; and in the course of that time, it has undergone several important changes. Of all that have come under the notice of the committee, none appeared to be so well adapted for our purpose, as the catalogue of the Mercantile Library of this city, and that, therefore, was chosen as our model." 1854. 1855. 1856. Total receipts,.$. $2628 14 $2000 00 $3060 85 Expenditures for books,.. 1573 54 662 00 981 50 binding,. 178 31 85 25. 182 84 periodicals,. 104 53 96 60 110 00 salaries,.. 381 42 700 00 700 00'" incidentals,. 310 35 400 00 1100 00 The librarian's salary is $350; and two assistants receive $150 per annum. About 16 periodicals, and a few newspapers are taken. The whole number of accounts opened with readers, from September 1, 1855, to July 31, 1856, was as follows: With apprentices, 1628; pay readers, 148; members of Mechanics' Society, 160;. total, 1.936; and the largest number ever reported. The number of volumes taken out during the same period, was as follows: By apprentices and pay readers, 33,967; by members of the Mechanics' Society, 3020; total, 36,987. The whole number of volumes in the library, on the 1st September, 1856, was: In the Apprentices (a lending) Library, 14,899; in the 260 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Demilt (a reference) Library, 3032; total, 17,931. 17,296 volumes are in English, 25 French, 2 German, 3 Spanish, 5 other modern languages, 12 Latin, and 3 Greek. "A large proportion of our readers are boys, between the ages of 12 and 21 years, who are employed in various occupations usually called mechanical. They generally come in the evening to the library to exchange their books, and numbers remain in the rooms until they are closed. The consequence of this is, that there is little leisure to attend to anything but their wants, and we have not yet been able to devise any plan by which to keep a minute report of the various descriptions of books taken; we have noticed, however, that the works most frequently called for, are the following, according to the order in which they are stated, viz.: Cooper's Novels, Simms's, most of Scott's, Mlarryat's, Dickens's, Lever's, Mayne Reid, The Three Guardsmen, Twenty Years After, Bragalone, Monte Cristo, The Wandering Jew, The Arabian Nights, Robinson Crusoe, Shakspeare's Plays, some of James's Works, some of Bulwer's Works, some of Thackeray's Works, Uncle Tom's Cabin, DI)red, Kane's Second Expedition, and a few others. There are, of course, many others called for quite frequently, but those named are much the most so, and several of them about equally. " From this statement, it will appear that a large proportion of the books taken by our readers, are works of fiction. This, we think, is to be attributed to their youth and limited education, and will, in many cases, be gradually changed for the better. We trust, too, that not a little good is accomplished, even by this description of reading, as well as by its withdrawing them from idle and vicious associations, and cultivating a habit of spending their leisure in this manner. " Let it not be supposed, moreover, that there are not also given out a considerable number of works of a more useful character, for there are, among our readers, a number of young men who, from the time they first came to the library, have chosen such books as cannot but tend to their improvement."- T. Van NTorden, February, 1857. ASTOR LIBRARY. (1855.) 80,000 vols. John Jacob Astor, the founder of the library which bears his name, was born in Waldorf, Germany, on the 17th of July, 1763. He came to America in 1783. He died on the 29th of March, 1848, at the age of 84. He left many liberal bequests to charitable institutions; but the NEW YORK. 261 largest amount to establish a public library. IHis intention was expressed as follows: " Desiring to render a public benefit to the city of New York, and to contribute to the advancement of useful knowledge and the general good of society, I do, by this codicil, appropriate $400,000 out of my residuary estate, to the establishment of a public library in the city of New York." By the same instrument, this sum is to be applied and disposed of"First. In the erecting of a suitable building for a public library. " Second. In furnishing and supplying the same from time to time with books, maps, charts, models, drawings, paintings, engravings, casts, statues, furniture, and other things appertaining to a library for general use, upon the most ample scale and liberal character. "Third. In maintaining and upholding the buildings and other property, and in defraying the necessary expenses of taking care of the property and of the accommodation of persons consulting the library. " The said sum shall be payable, one-third in the year after my decease, one-third in the year following, and the residue in equal sums in the fourth and fifth years. "The said library is to be accessible at all reasonable hours and times for general use, free of expense to persons resorting thereto, subject only to such control and regulations as the trustees may, from time to time, exercise and establish for general convenience. "The affairs of the institution shall be conducted by eleven trustees, to be from time to time selected fiom the different liberal professions and employments in life, and the classes of educated men. "All the property and effects of the institution shall be vested in the said trustees. They shall have power to direct the expenditure of the funds, the investment, safe keeping, and management thereof, and of the property and effects of the institution; also to make such ordinances and regulations from time to time, as they may think proper, for the good order and convenience of those who may resort to the library or use the same; also, to appoint, direct, control, and remove the superintendent of the library, and all librarians and others employed about the institution; and, also, they shall have and use all powers and authority for promoting the expressed objects of this institution, not contrary to what is herein expressed." Other clauses in the will fix the site of the librarybuilding, limit the costof the edifice to $75,000, exclusive of that of the lot, authorize an expenditure of $120,000 in the purchase of books and 262 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. other objects for establishing the library, and direct the residue to be invested as a permanent fund for its maintenance and gradual increase. The reports of the trustees to the Legislature of the State show that these several testamentary directions have been exactly followed, and the library carried into operation in exact conformity to the will of its founder. The above cited clauses exhibit the whole that is contained in the instrument, expressive of Mr. Astor's intentions, relative to the character of the institution which he founded. "It may not be uninteresting to know that the first purchase for the library was made at the sale of part of 3Major Douglass's books, March 15th, 1839, when about 40 volumes were bought, among them Britton's Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain; Young's Recent Discoveries in Hieroglyphic Literature; White's Gradations in Man; and Churchill's Voyages. These were the nucleus of the Astor Library, and may fairly be considered as a type of the whole collection. In the course of the same year, a very valuable library, which had been collected by Count Boutourlin, and left at his death in Florence, where he had. resided, was offered to Mr. Astor, for about $54,000. HIe decided to buy it, and furnished a friend (Mr. Cogswell) who was about visiting Europe, with the credit necessary to effect the purchase. But it was too late; when he arrived, he found the library had been removed to Paris, to be sold by auction, and a part of it already dispersed. It may help to correct the general false impression, that the value of a library can be estimated by its number of volumes, to know that the Boutourlin library did not contain more than 12,000 volumes, and would have cost between $50,000 and $60,000; that is, it would have absorbed nearly one-half of the whole sum to be expended by the Astor Library for books, and it would not have filled more than one-eighth of its shelves. The 12,000 volumes of the Boutourlin, would have been preferred by the bibliomane,-the 40,000 or 50,000 which the same sum has procured for the Astor Library, will be found vastly better adapted to the wants of those who use it. The only work bought by Mr. Astor himself for his library, was a copy of Audubon's Birds of America, and the whole number of volumes bought for it during his lifetime was not above 1000. It was not until nine months after his death, in March, 1848, that the work of collecting books can properly be said to have been undertaken. The first meeting of the trustees of the institution, founded by John Jacob Astor, was convened in May of the same year, at which meeting they gave to it the name of the Astor Library, and appointed J. G. Cogswell, of New York, NEW YORK. 263 to be its superintendent, the latter being, as has been stated in their official report, in accordance with the wishes and intentions of the founder. At a meeting afterwards, on the 18th of October, as it was known to be a favorable time for buying books abroad, in consequence of the political agitations in France, the superintendent of the Library was authorized to go to Europe, and purchase books for it to the amount of $20,000. " In accordance with this vote, he embarked on the 12th of November, 1848, and remained abroad until the beginning of the following March, reaching New York on his return, about the middle of the month. IHis whole absence was a few days over four months, which allowed him three in Europe for the purposes of his visit. This time was divided between London and Paris, with a short excursion to Brussels, and wholly devoted to hunting up books. The auction sales in London, particularly of the Duke of Buckingham's large library, and the still unsettled state of Paris, enabled him to bring together a collection justly considered rich, for the time and means employed in effecting it. The opportunity seemed too favorable to be neglected, and tempted him to exceed the appropriation by $5000, which excess he proposed to be individually accountable for, if the trustees did not see fit to sanction it. As they were satisfied with the reason for exceeding the limit they had fixed for the present purchase, and with the purchase itself, they did not accede to his proposal. "The 20,000 volumes which now belonged to the library requiring a place for safe keeping, in which they could be placed on shelves, arranged, and inventoried, a house in Bond Street was rented by the trustees for that purpose, and provided with the necessary shelving. It now became evident that in order to go on with the formation of the collection upon system, and apportion to each department its just share of the fund, it would be -necessary to have a prospective catalogue of the books, deemed, if not indispensable, at: least very important to form the library. As no such catalogue existed, the superintendent undertook to prepare one, based upon the calculation of being able to start with a library of 75,000 or 80,000 volumes. Being intended for a manual, it was necessary to make the titles as concise as could be done, and identify the book. Restricted as they thus were, to a single line, they formed a volume of 446 pages, exclusive of 30 of bibliography prefixed. It required the unremitting labor of 18 months to prepare this volume, which was printed at the expense of the superintendent, as it was 2 64 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. mainly intended to facilitate his work: but, from want of a better, it has since been the only printed catalogue in use. Without some guide of the kind, it is certain that no systematic collection of books of the extent of the Astor Library, could have been formed by a single individual in the short space of four years. The fidelity with which it surveys the whole field of printed books, from the invention of the art to the time of its going to press, in the beginning of 1850, has been put to the severe test of daily use for nearly two years, by numerous readers, and the examination by many thousands altogether, who agree in pronouncing it as complete as a work of such limited extent could be made. "While the superintendent was thus engaged, the trustees were preparing to erect the library edifice. After examining various plans, that upon which it has since been constructed was adopted, and Mr. A. Saeltzer, by whom it was drawn, appointed the architect to superintend the building. The corner-stone was laid on the 14th of March, 1850; the keys of the building completed were given up by the contractors in July, 1853. By the end of the same year, the books were placed on the shelves, classified, and prepared for use. On the 9th of January, 1854, the library was open for inspection, and on the first of the following month for use. " Early in 1851, when it was found that the library edifice would not be completed for a year or more, the superintendent proposed to the trustees to allow him to return to Europe, and make further purchases of books for the library. Permission was given him to do this, and a credit of $25,000 opened in London for this purpose. HIe embarked at New York, on the 26th of February, 1851, and returned on the 24th of December of the same year, making his whole absence ten months. During this absence, the search for books was extended to almost every great mart of Europe, from Rome on the south, to Stockholm on the north, in every one of which the most valuable productions of science and literature, in the language of the country, were carefully collected. Every day was scrupulously devoted to the interests of the library, and contributed more or less to increase its stores. Particular attention was given to Scandinavian and Oriental literature, and to the Transactions of learned societies, which departments of the Astor Library now constitute three of its most distinctive features. Every one conversant with book-buying, knows how difficult it is to find all valuable works of an early date, and will readily understand the extent of the labor that must NEW YonRK. 265 have been expended in forming a whole library in which there is a great number of works of this class. It was only by the combination of favorable circumstances, and unremitted efforts, that it has been accomplished. It would not be easy to cite an instance of the collecting of a library of equal extent in an equally short space of time, and certainly not one in which it was done by a single individual. The library itself is the only test by which it can be determined whether it was done well or ill. This second book-buying tour of the superintendent added nearly 25,000 volumes to the number before possessed, making the aggregate now collected at home and abroad, little, if anything, short of 50,000 volumes. This was the extent which it was at first expected the library would reach, when its whole fund of $120,000 had been expended, and one-half of this sum was still in reserve. "It was now necessary to arrange and inventory the recent additions, and in the expectation that so much of the work as should then be done, would not have to be done again in the new library, an exact systematic classification was undertaken. To this, more than six months of assiduous labor were devoted; and in accomplishing it, it was necessary that every volume should be taken in hand by the superintendent, and put in its proper place; and this was done. The consequence was, as might naturally be expected, an inroad upon his health, and an exhaustion of his strength, that rendered him wholly incapable of labor. Finding himself in this condition, he requested the trustees to allow him to spend the winter in Europe, and to regain health and strength that would enable him to complete the work of forming the library, with which he had been intrusted. As the voyage was made primarily on his own account, he would not allow the expenses of it to be a charge upon the library; the opportunity, however, was not neglected of greatly increasing the collection already formed, which he was authorized to do by a vote of the trustees, providing funds for the same. He was again absent just four months, during which he collected an additional 20,000 volumes, including the two considerable libraries which were bought, the one mathematical and the other miscellaneous. The former made a very important addition to the mathematical department which the previous purchase of:Mr. Samuel WMard's excellent library, formed out of Labey's and Legendre's, had raised to the first rank in its class. The expectations that the new library building would be ready for the books early in the spring of 1853, were again disappointed; and as the lease of the house in which they had been arranged, was out on the 1st PUBLIC LIBRARIES. of May, they had to be removed. There was no alternative but to pack them in boxes and stow them away in the lower rooms of the new building, by which operation they were thrown into such disorder, that the labor of classifying them was all to be gone over again when they came to be placed on their shelves. This was done during the summer and autumn of 1853. By the end of the year, the library was made ready for public inspection, and its opening announced for the 9th of January; when it displayed to its visitors a larger number of volumes than ever had been contained in any one library- in America. This, of itself, would have been little to boast of, as a still greater number might have been collected at one-quarter the cost and one-hundredth the labor. To do it full justice, it should be added that, for its extent) it would ftvorably compare with any library of printed books, at home or abroad, in character and intrinsic value." " The system of classification is that of Brunet, whose great work on bibliography, entitled'Manuel du Libraire,' is better, more complete, and more generally known, than'any similar publication. His system is by iio means unexceptionable, but so'me chart is indispensable in arranging a library, and this is the best that'has been given to the public." - "The catalogue of the library is now finished, except a small portion of history. It embraces fourteen leading departments, for each of which a classified catalogue has been prepared, and: fills thirty-two manuscript volumes. "The receipts during the year 1856, have been;$16,866. Expenses, 16,830 27. Leaving $35 73 in the Treasurer's hands." "The Astor Library, in accordance with the intention of the testator, as far as expressed, is organized upon the plan of a library of reference; and does not lend out its books. It is not a popular library, in the ordinary sense; that is, it is not made up of the so-called popular books, but it really is and should be known to be a library for popular use, in the fullest acceptation of the words. Just as freely as the youth, of New York, of every class, can repair to the Free Academy for a:higher education than can be had at the common public schools, can every man, of any class or condition, repair to the Astor Library to improve his mind by the reading and study of books of a higher order than those in common circulation. It is a first experiment of throwing open a library in a great city to any one and every one, without any formality of admission, or any restriction whatever, except as to age. It was NEW YORK. 267 thought impossible, by many, to carry out a system of such entire freedom of admission; and so it must be, where there is no barrier between the bookshelves and the visitors. The barrier in the Astor Library is a light iron railing, which does not conceal the books in the slightest degree, and merely serves as a notice that the alcoves are not to be entered, or the books taken down from the shelves, without the knowledge of the library attendants. This obviates the necessity of having glass or other doors to the bookcases, which are' always in the way, and consume much time in locking and unlocking, beside being injurious to the books by preventing a free circulation of air among them." ~ ASTOR LIBRARY REGULATIONS. "1. The library is open every day, except Sundays and established holidays, from 10 A.M. until half an hour before sunset. " 2. Admission free to all persons over sixteen years of age. "3. When a book is wanted, its title is to be written on this ticket, with the name of the applicant. The ticket is then to be given to an attendant, who will look out the book, if in the library, and put it into the hands of the reader without delay. "4. Readers must return their books before leaving the library, and take back their tickets, otherwise they continue responsible for the books. " 5. No one is allowed to enter the alcoves, or remove a book from its place, unless accompanied by an officer of the library. " 6. Readers wishing to consult costly works of art, must make special application for that purpose. " 7. In taking notes from books, pencils, not pen and ink, are to be used. " 8. Smoking strictly forbidden in any part of the library." "This library has been in operation now nineteen months (October, 1855), and it may give some idea of the extent to which it has been used to know that, during this period, 33,000 tickets for books have been presented at the librarian's table. On each of the tickets an average of at least three volumes has been asked for, making in all more than 100,000 volumes which have been read or consulted in the library since it was opened. Notwithstanding the people are not accustomed to the use of a library of this descriptions it has been much more resorted to than its friends anticipated. To various classes of the community it 268 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. has already been found of great advantage, and most of all, perhaps, to those engaged in the industrial arts. The public are indebted to TW. B. Astor, Esq., for the founding of this special department. The funds for it have been received from him, and not from the amount bequeathed for the library. The sum given by him for this purpose was $12,500, more than three-fourths of which have been expended on the most important works proper for the department. It is enriched by daily additions; and, when completed, will be one of the best polytechnic collections existing in the country. We are here reminded of what ought to have been said, when speaking of Mr. Astor, the founder of the library, that, in the whole progress of it, from the moment it was started until now, it has been cordially and liberally aided by his son. No one could have more sacredly carried out the known or supposed intentions of a father, than he has done. " The Astor Library is placed in a central and easily accessible situation. Lafayette Place, on the east side of which it is built, communicates with the two great thoroughfares of the city-Broadway and the Bowery —by Great Jones Street at the south, Astor Place and Eighth Street at the north, and by Fourth Street near the centre. A more appropriate site could not be found in New York. The style of architecture is the Byzantine; the front, which has too little mass or spread for effect, is rendered somewhat imposing by the deeply-recessed arched doors and windows, the rich brownstone mouldings and mullions, and still more by the boldly projecting cornice, corbels, and entablature, all beautifully wrought in the same material. On opening the main entrancedoor, the eye falls at once upon a beautiful flight of thirty-six broad marble steps, leading, between straight walls of solid mason-work, to the second floor of the building, which is the main floor of the library proper. These stairs land the visitor at a point about the centre of the room. The room is 100 feet in length by 64 in width and 50 in height; a broad skylight, extending two-thiids its length, with a row of huge curved panes of glass on each side, and a double sash spreading nearly horizontally across the centre, pours in a flood of light from above, which, with that let in through the ten broad windows in front and eight in the rear, gives an uncommonly cheerful aspect to the apartment. It is really beautiful as it is, and will be much more so when the glare of its stucco ornaments, and of its gilded balustrades, become softened down by time. The internal arrangement is a very convenient one, and very economical of space. A series of seven alcoves or apartments, NEW YORK. 269 open in front and rear, fills up the space on each side, from the side walls to the columns which SUpport the roof, leaving corridors two and a half feet in width along the walls, by which a communication is established between the different parts of the library. On this plan, the capacity of the room for books, is more than doubled; that is, for every 51 wall shelves, there are 72 in the alcoves. On no other could it be made to contain 100,000 volumes, as it is now ascertained it will. Each alcove has a light gallery, eleven feet above the floor, to give easy access to the higher tiers of shelves; and these galleries, extended in front of the wall shelves, form a continued corridor from end to end. The room within the columns which support the roof, is open from floor to skylight, but divided into two stories between these columns and the outer walls. In the second story there is a series of alcoves exactly corresponding to that on the first, with similar galleries above. The part of the library which is divided into alcoves, is separated from the open area in the centre by a light iron railing. This area is provided with reading-tables, for those who wish to use the books, which are to be handed to them by the assistant librarians. The only part of the library above the first floor which has not been described, are two small rooms in the northeast corner, appropriated to the superintendent; these two rooms are not taken from the main building, but formed by carrying up a portion of the walls of the projection in the rear. " Although we have above stated the number of volumes in the Astor Library to be 80,000, it is here proper to add, that some thousands of these are double and triple volumes, bound together for the sake of economy. Had these remained as they were bought (as is always the case in the large libraries of Europe-in fact, in some, the smallest pamphlet is dignified with a pasteboard cover, and the appellation of volume), the whole number could be fairly set down at 100,000. "To estimate the value of a library by the number of volumes it contains, is about as correct a mode as it would be to estimate it by the number of pounds they weigh. The truth of this assertion is easily made out. In this collection, a dozen volumes might be taken, the average cost of which was $200; another fifty, of an average of $100 per volume; and then an equal number could be selected which did not cost half as many cents per volume. An' average of things so totally unlike in value, should never be thought of. Another fact will prove this position still more clearly. There are libraries in this countryand one, at least, in this city-which do not occupy as much shelving 270 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. as one of the 28 alcoves of the Astor Library, and yet were most costly, and, it may be, more valuable than the whole of this collection. "In regard to this subject, Dr. Cogswell, in a letter to the editors of the'Home Journal,' remarked:'It is a real degradation of books to value them by dollars and cents. Nothing relating to this library has so much mortified and disgusted me, as to hear men, and sensible men, too, boast how cheap the books had been bought, as if there was anything higher than a huckster's merit in that. When a man, who is intrusted with the expenditure of money for the benefit of the public, is conscious that he has spared no pains to make it produce as much as possible, and executed his trust with fidelity in all respects, he is not particularly pleased that it has acquired for him the reputation of a sharper. A much more rigid economy has been used in buying books for the library, than the buyer would have used had it been done for his own account-if he has any merit, that is the sum of it.' "To correct a strange mistake which some have made, of comparing the Astor Library with the older first class libraries of Europe; and as the American people are fond of statistics, and given to estimate by figures, we will state the difference by a fact, in figures, which will dissipate such a delusion. The shelving in the Astor is about 11,000 feet, or somewhat over two miles, and would reach, if placed in a continuous line, from the Park to Union Place; that of the British Mluseum is more than fourteen miles, and would reach, in a similar line, from the Battery to King,'s Bridge. Is it not absurd to suppose that a library founded by the munificence of a single individual, and formed within four years, could begin to approach, in any one respect, to a library which has had the fostering patronage of the British Government for a century, and on which, in a single year, a larger sum has often been expended than the whole cost of the Astor Library to the present time, to say nothing of the two very large and very choice libraries, and the numerous smaller ones that have been engulfed in it? The library of the British Museum is rich in everything which time and unlimited means and untiring pains can procure; rich in manuscripts; rich in paloaotypes; rich in the science, history, and literature of every age and nation. The Astor Library has no manuscripts, and in printed books is rich only for one so recently and so rapidly formed." NEW - YOR. 271 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. (1857.) 14,000 vols. "The establishment of a college in the city of New York, was many years in agitation before the design was carried into effect. At length, under an Act of Assembly, passed in December, 1746, and other similar acts which followed, moneys were raised by public lottery'for the encouragement of learning, and towards the founding a college,' within the colony, These moneys were, in November, 1751, vested in trustees; of whom, ten in number, seven were members of the Church of England, and some of these seven were also vestrymen of Trinity Church. "These circumstances, together with the liberal grant of land to the College by Trinity Church, excited apprehensions of a design to introduce a church establishment within the province, and caused violent opposition to the plan, as soon as it became known, of obtaining a royal charter for the College. " This opposition, however, being at last in a great measure surmounted, the trustees, in November, 1753, invited Dr. Samuel Johnson, of Connecticut, to be President of the intended College. Dr. Johnson consequently removed to New York in the month of April following, and in July, 1754, commenced the instruction of a class of students in the vestry-room of the school-house belonging to Trinity Church; but he would not absolutely accept of the Presidency until after the passing of the charter. This took place on the 31st of October, in the same year, 1754; from which period, the existence of the College is properly to be dated. The Governors of the College, named in the charter, are the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the first Lord Commissioner for trade and plantations, both empowered to act by proxies; the LieutenantGovernor of the Province, and several other public officers; together with the rector of Trinity Church, the senior minister of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, the ministers of the German Lutheran Church, of the French Church, of the Presbyterian congregation, and the President of the College, all ex-officio, and 24 of the principal gentlemen of the city. The College was to be known by the name of King's College. Previously to the passing of the charter, a parcel of ground to the westward of Broadway, on which the College now stands, had been destined by the Vestry of Trinity Church, as a site for the College edifice; and, accordingly, after the charter was granted, a grant of the land was made, on the 13th of May, 1755. 272 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. " The sources whence the funds of the institution were derived, besides the proceeds of the lotteries above mentioned, were the voluntary contributions of private individuals in this country, and sums obtained by agents who were subsequently sent to England and France. In May, 1760, the College buildings began to be occupied. In March, 1763, Dr. Johnson resigned his office of President, and the Rev. Dr. Myles Cooper, of Oxford, who had previously been appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy, and assistant to the President, was elected in his place. In 1767, a grant of land was obtained, under the government of Sir Henry Moore, of 24,000 acres, situated in the northern parts of the Province of New York; but by the terms of the treaty which the State of New York concluded with Vermont upon its erection into a separate State, this among other grants of lands lying within its limits, was annulled, and the College consequently lost a tract of great value, inasmuch as it constituted the county town of the county in which it was situated. "In August, of the year 1767, a Medical School was established in the College. "TIn consequence of the dispute between this and the parent country, Dr. Cooper returned to England, and the Rev. Benjamin Moore was appointed PPrceses pro tempore, during the absence of Dr. Cooper; who, however, did not return. " On the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, the business of the College was almost entirely broken up, and it was not until after the return of peace, that its affairs were again regularly attended to. " In May, 1784, all the seminaries of learning in the State of New York were, by an act of the Legislature, placed under the authority of Regents, who were styled Regents of the University. These Regents immediately set about the regulation of the College, the name of which was now changed to Columbia College. New Professors were appointed; a grammar school and a medical department were established. " The College continued under the immediate superintendence of the Regents until April, 1787; when the original charter, with necessary alterations, was confirmed, and the College placed under 29 trustees, who were to exercise their functions until their number should be reduced, by death, resignation, or removal from the State, to 24; after which, all vacancies in their Board were to be filled by their own choice. NEW YORK. 273 "In May, 1787, Dr. William Samuel Johnson, son of the first President, was elected President of Columbia College. During the previous vacancy of the presidential chair, the Professors had presided in turn; and certificates were given to graduates, in place of regular diplomas. "In the beginning of the year 1792, the Medical School was placed upon a more respectable and efficient footing than before. "Dr. Johnson resigned the office of President in July, 1800, and was succeeded the year following, by the Rev. Dr. Wharton, who resigned his office at the end of about seven months. "'Bishop Moore succeeded Dr. Wharton as President. His ecclesiastical duties were such, that he was not expected to take an active part in the business of the College, except on particular occasions. The chief management of its concerns devolved upon the Professors. "In 1809, the requisites for entrance into College, to take effect the following year, were very much raised, and a new course of study and system of discipline were established. "A new amended charter was obtained from the Legislature in 1810, by which the power of the College to lease its real estate for 21 years was extended to 63 years. "Bishop Moore resigned his office of President in 1iMay, 1811, in order to make room for some person who might devote his whole time and attention to the College; and in June following, a new office, styled that of Provost, was created. The Provost was to supply the place of the President in his absence, and was to conduct the classical studies of the senior class. Shortly after this new arrangement, the Rev. William HIarris and the Rev. John M. Mason, were elected President and Provost. "In consequence of the establishment of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, the Medical School of Columbia College was, in November, 1813, discontinued. "The Provost resigned his office in 1816; since which time the College has been under the sole superintendence of a President. " In September of 1817, steps were taken by the trustees for a thorough repair of the old edifice, which was in a very decayed state, and for the erection of additional buildings. Before the end of the year 1820, the proposed alterations and additions were completed. "'At the close of the year 1827, the trustees resolved upon the esta18 274 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. blishment of a granmlnar school, under the superintendence of the Faculty of the College; which resolution was carried into effect early in the following year; and in 1829, a building was erected upon the College ground for the accommodation of scholars. "In October of the year 1829, Dr. Harris, the President of the College, died; and, on the 9th of December following, William A. Duer, LL.D., was elected in his room. "With a view of rendering the benefits of education more generally accessible to the community, the system of instruction, at the commencement of the year 1830, underwent very extensive additions and mnodifications, and the time of daily attendance upon the Professors was materially increased. The course of study in existence at the time of making these additions, was kept entire, and was denominated the full course. "Another course of instruction was established, denominated the scientific and literary course; which latter was open to others beside matriculated students, and to such extent as they might think proper to attend. " In May, 1833, the Jay-Professor of Languages was appointed rector of the grammar school, and an arrangement in regard thereto was made with him, which still continues in force. " On a revision of the statutes in the year 1836, both courses of study pursued in the College were further enlarged; and the literary and scientific course, in particular, defined and materially extended. And in order that this course, as well as the scientific branches of the full course, might be conducted in the most efficient manner, the trustees appropriated the sum of $10,000 for the purchase of additional apparatus, as well as for adding to the library the requisite books of reference and illustration. " The literary and scientific course, however, as distinguished from the full course, did not appear to find favor with the public, and upon a revision of the statutes, in the year 1843, was discontinued. "Among other important changes made on this same occasion, was the adoption of the German language and literature as part of the sub-graduate course, and the establishment of the Gebhard Professorship thereof, upon the endowment made by the last will and testament of Frederick Gebhard, Esq. "In April, 1842, William A. Duer, LL.D., resigned his office of President, and in the following month of August, Nathaniel F. Moore, LL.D. was elected in his place. Mr. Moore resigned in October, 1849, and in NEW YORK. 275 the following month of November, Charles King, LL.D., was elected his successor."- Catalogue. The library was founded about the year 1757. About this time Mr. Joseph Murray "bequeathed to the College property worth about ~8000, including his library." Rev. Dr. Bristowe, of London, also bequeathed his library of about 1500 volumes. From these sources, from purchases, from presents by the Earl of Bute and others, and from the University of Oxford, the College was in possession of a considerable library; when, on the 6th of April, 1776, the treasurer of the College was ordered to prepare it in six days for the reception of troops. " The students were in consequence dispersed, the library and apparatus were deposited in the City Hall or elsewhere, and the College edifice was converted into a military hospital. Almost all the apparatus, and a large proportion of the books belonging to the College, were wholly lost to it in consequence of this removal; and of the books recovered, 600 or 700 were so only after about thirty, years, when they were found, with as many belonging to the New York Society library, and some belonging to Trinity Church, in a room in St. Paul's chapel, where, it seemed, no one but the sexton had been aware of their existence, and neither he nor anybody else could tell how they had arrived there." (See Moore's Historical Sketch of Columbia College, page 62.) In 1792, "a large addition to the College library was made by a grant of money obtained from the Legislature. In 1813, the College purchased the library of Professor Kemp. Tn 1838, it purchased the library of Professor Moore, who was'employed for about a year in making a new arrangement and a catalogue of the whole library.'" Receipts during 1854, $1900; expenditures for books, binding, and periodicals, $600; salaries, $400. The trustees, faculty, students, and alumni subscribers, are entitled to the use of the library, which is free to all, except the last, who pay $4 annually. During the last five years, $4000 have been expended for books. The books are arranged by subjects. The library is open Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from I to 3 P.M., when College is in session. 400 volumes were lent during 1854, to about 100 persons. 7000 volumes are in English, 1500 French, 1000 German, 100 Spanish, 300 in other modern languages, 2000 Latin, 2000 Greek, 100 Hebrew and Oriental. Works on history are most read, though the library is mainly used for reference. The annual cost of supporting the library is $1000; one 27 6 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. half of which is expended for periodicals. 10 periodicals are taken. From 100 to 300 volumes are added yearly. FREE ACADEMY. (1856.) 14,600 vols. The library contains a large collection of valuable and well-selected books, and is increasing by the additions being made to it, from time to time, from funds appropriated by the Regents of the State of New York. Students of the Senior, Junior, Sophomore, and Freshman classes, are allowed to draw books from the library on alternate Fridays, during term time, under certain conditions. Those who do not obtain two-thirds of the maximum, have received any demerit marks for misconduct, or have not been punctual in their attendance, are not entitled to receive books from the library. It contains many works which, probably, can be found in but few public libraries. The works are mostly of a scientific and general character, and a very limited number of a light and evanescent character. In selecting books, particular reference is had to the wants both of the instructors and students. The amount paid for books up to 1856, was $6457 07. LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. (1857.) 3000 vols. Founded in 1818. The library consists chiefly of works on natural history, voyages, travels, &ce. containing natural history, and the transactions of kindred societies. The Lyceum has, also, extensive collections in mineralogy, geology, fossils, conchology, ichthyology, entomology, amphibia, reptiles, radiata, corals, botany, and small collections of birds and quadrupeds: Very few books have been purchased. Nearly all are donations from individuals, or have been received from societies in exchange for the publications of the Lyceum. The rooms occupied by the Society consist of three large apartments on the second floor of the large fire-proof building, No. 659 Broadway, and known as the Medical ]Department of the University of the City of New York. The premises are leased, by the Lyceum, of the Medical Faculty. A catalogue of the books was printed in 1825, Svo.; another in 1830, 72 pages 8vo. A new one has been prepared, and will shortly be printed. The library is open every Monday evening, during the meeting of the Society. Members have access at any time, on application to the librarian. Books NEW YORK: 277 are lent out to members. Persons of standing in science, residing at a distance, have, by special vote of the Society, been allowed to take out any work from the library. This is seldom done. Any person not a member, wishing to consult the books, can do so on application to the librarian. MECHANICS' INSTITUTE. (1854.) 5000 vols. Founded in 1831. Incorporated April 24, 1833. The library is arranged under three heads, Juvenile, Popular, and Scientific. Terms of membership, $2 per annum for adults, $1 for minors. Ladies' reading-room, $1. The funds of the Institute are derived from assessments of members, school-fairs, exhibitions, lectures, &c. A catalogue of the library was printed in 1835, containing 26 pages 12mo.; and another in 1844, of 64 pages 8vo. The library is open daily, Sundays excepted. Members only are entitled to the use of it; others may be admitted by courtesy. The books are lent out, with the exception of large and valuable works. "d This institution was founded for the purpose of promoting the general diffusion of useful knowledge among the mechanical classes, by means of lectures on natural and mechanical philosophy, and other scientific subjects; by founding a library and museum; by forming classes for mutual improvement; holding conversational meetings, debates, and discussions for the benefit of its members; by having, from time to time, public exhibitions for the promotion of excellence in the mechanical arts; and by establishing schools fox educating on the most approved principles, as well as on the most reasonable terms, the apprentices and children of its members. During the brief space of time this institution has existed, all and even more has been accomplished than its deserving founders could reasonably have expected. "' Connected with the library is a reading-room, amply supplied with the most popular and scientific American and foreign periodicals." MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 47,904 vols. "The Mercantile Library Association of the City of New York, was formed on the 9th of November, 1820. A few active and zealous young men, perceiving the necessity of a library for the use of merchants' clerks, after a public meeting held for the purpose of taking the 2 7 8 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. matter into consideration, determined upon founding one, and united themselves, for that object, under the name still retained by this institution. "'A small apartment was hired at No. 49 Fulton Street, and subscriptions, as well as donations in books and money, were solicited. During the first five years, this location sufficed for the wants of the library; but at the end of that time, the number of volumes obtained, mainly by donations, having reached 3300, its removal was resolved upon. "In 1826, the library was established in more spacious quarters in Cliff Street, near the site of the present Harpers' establishment. This removal had a most beneficial effect upon the growth of the institution. Its progress was so rapid, that it soon became evident that still larger and more permanent accommodations were demanded. This necessity incited the members to make an appeal to the mercantile community for aid. Accordingly, a meeting of merchants and others was held, at which subscriptions were obtained to a large amount. " At the invitation of the officers of the library, their friends, who had so generously come to its assistance, formed themselves into a separate corporation, in order that the Mercantile Library Association should always enjoy the full benefit of the fund contributed for it, and at the same time, that a proper supervision might be exercised by the donors in the appropriation of their bounty. The results of this plan were the formation of the Clinton Hall Association. "An eligible site having been chosen at the corner of Nassau and Beekman Streets, the first Clinton Hall was erected, and the edifice formally dedicated, in the year 1830,.to the cause of science and literature. Here the library gradually expanded from 6000 volumes to 40,000, and the membership from 1200 to 4500; so that the accommodations, which at first were sufficiently ample, became at length entirely inadequate, and some extensive change was absolutely required. "In addition to this, it was felt that the position of the population, with reference to its convenience of location, had undergone a great change within twenty-five years, and that this fact should be fully considered in making provision for the future. After much deliberation, it was decided, by the Clinton Hall Association, to dispose of the property then held by them, and to effect the purchase of the Astor Place Opera House; which was done in the early part of the year 1853. Measures were at once taken for making such alterations in the structure of that building, as would best adapt it for the present and prospec NEW YORK. 279 tive wants of the institution, and for providing a source of revenue for the future support of the library, after all debts of building and alterations should have been paid. At this time, the merchants of New York again responded liberally to the appeal of the Clinton Hall Association, and subscribed, during the years 1854 and 1855, the sum of $61,500 towards the new building,-an amount sufficient to relieve the corporation from all fears as to the debt being ultimately removed. " On the 1st of May, 1854, the former premises in Nassau Street were finally given up, and on the 8th of June following, the new building in Astor Place was formally opened, and inaugurated with appropriate services. The advantages of removal have since been well shown in the increase of members, and in the much greater use that is made of both the library and reading-room. "When the Association assumed possession of its hall, in 1830, it numbered 1200 members and 6000 volumes. It has been almost wholly self-sustained; having received, during twenty years, but few donations of books, and none of money until 1850, when $3000 were added to its funds by the munificent bequest of Miss E. Demilt. The average amount annually invested in books since 1830, is $2500." A bequest of $10,000 has since been left the Association by Seth Grosvenor, Esq., which, by the Constitution of the Society, will be funded, the income alone to be expended upon the library. The following table exhibits the pecuniary progress of the Association, and the aggregate of members, since its foundation 280 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. ANNUAL ADDITIONS OF MEBIBERS AND BOOKS, EXPENDITURES FOR BOOKS, TOTAL RECEIPTS, ETC., FROM THE 9THI OF NOVEMBER, 1820, TO 1ST OF 3iAY, 1856..,P I -*..... 1823 81 100 273 00 250 00 72G 69 1824 77 175 208 00 712 23 1825 257 675 619 00 $73 00 795 00 1,469 00 1826 471 1,000 756 72 190 28 785 75 2,246 42 1827 360 1,200 695 12 31 38 1,750 52 1828 295 1,000 330 27 146 25 1,572 47 1829 414 600 562 30 154 28 1,701. 81 18o30! 486 600 567 91 99 25 1,755 82 1.831 507 750 1,177 19 68 44 2,360 71 1832 383 864 1,107 36 197 55 3,033 58 1833 382 1,397 1,303 98 224 20 2,978 98 1834 393 1,090 1,278 20 223 29 2,977 59 1835 680 1,522 2,126 32 238 51 4,333 18 1836 867 1,845 2,286 74 250 70 5,110 80 1837 936 2,547 2,806 47 186 04 6,109 20 1838 1,003 2,471 3,1.15 72 423 91 7,477 99 18391 1,097 3,583 4,278 23 729 60 8,082 15 1840 501 390 1,995 19 615 42 7,071 17 1841 627 1,136 1,495 12 591 75 6,935 30 1842 308 1,252 2,179 79 670 77 5,567 70 1843 252 465 797 90 536 85 4,355 86 1844 387 745 708 35 271 25 3,959 20 1845 582 1,428 1,628 60 402 65 4,982 04 1846 609 1,883 2,072 59 500 34 51044 61 1847 687 2,258 3,311 95 549 19 5,902 90 1848 681 2,276 3,392 71 445 52 6,286 21 1849 1,013 2,517 3,531 83 600 35 7,207 06 1850 1,116 1,865 2,608 63 286 72 3,000 00 7,691 95 1851 1,041 2,957 4,050 01 560 84 8,290 00 1852 1,293 4,346 4,786 35 889 67 9,931 32 1853 1,149 2,900 3,916 54 418 96 9,156 01 1854 1,216 2,409 3,019 07 381 22 10,153 42 5 5mos.-6 l733 3,588 4,477 42 1,475 44 17,604 28 22,164 55,084 $68,214 58 $12,433 62 $5,580 75 $1.72,942 17 1 The extraordinary excess of this year was owing to the fact that the Board anticipated the income of the Association. NEW YORK. 281 To give some idea of the business of the institution, we present the following statistics (1855-6): Number of volumes delivered from the Library,.. 137,252 No., 2 Nassau Street,. 14,682 Reading-room,.. 8,340 Total,. 160,274 Number of visitors to the Readcing-room... 147,980 308,254 Mlaking a total for sixteen months, of 308,254; or, a daily average of 750 members, who avail themselves of the privileges offered by the institution. Each volume in the library has had an average of nearly four readers; and, on an average, each member of the Association has drawn from the shelves more than thirty volumes. Extract from the 34th Annual Report: " READING-ROOM.-To this magnificent branch of our institution we take pride in drawing your attention. In point of capacity, elegance, and adaptation, it stands unrivalled. We have the authority of experience in affirming that, as a reading-room, none, in this country or in Europe, approximate to it, save, perhaps, the Exchange Reading-Room, of Liverpool. It is richly supplied with a valuable collection of periodical literature, embracing all the principal foreign and domestic papers and magazines. The following is a list of the magazines and newspapers received by the Association in 1858:1 MAGAZINES. *-q i signifies that the Periodical is published quarterly; m, monthly; w, weekly; and d, daily. as Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. m American Agriculturist,..New York. asm "L Farmer's Magazine,... New York. q " Journal of Education (Barnard's),. Hartford. q " Journal of Medical Science (Hay's), Philadelphia. bi-m " Journal of Science and Art (Silliman's), New Haven. mn " Merchant,.New York. 1 This list is inserted here for reference, on account of the valuable information it affords. 282 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. m American Messenger,.. New York. a " Monthly,...New York. m " Phrenological Journal,. New York. g " Quarterly Church Review,. New Haven. g " Quarterly Review of Freeimasonry, New York. m " Druggists' Circular,. New York. m Art Journal,...... London. q Assurance Magazine,...... London. mn Atlantic Monthly,.....Boston. m Atlantis,..... New York. w Ausland (Der),..... Augsburg. in Banker's Magazine,.... New York. m Bent's Literary Advertiser,..... London. sn Bentley's Miscellany,. London. w Bibliographie de la France,. Paris. mn Bible Society Record,. New York. rn Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review, Philadelphia. q Bibliotheca Sacra,.... Andover. 7n Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine,.. Edinburgh. m Blackwood's Edinburgh MIagazine (reprint),. New York. g British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, London. q British Quarterly Review,. London. q Brownson's Quarterly Review,... New York. m: Bulletin de la Socidt6 G6ographique,.. Paris. m Builder,... London. q Calcutta Review,. Calcutta. mn Chambers's Edinburgh Journal,.... Edinburgh. s-m Chemical Gazette,.... London. m Chemist,.... London. m Chess Monthly,. New York. bi-m Christian Examiner,.. Boston. mn Christian Observer,.... London. g Christian Remembrancer,. London. q Christian Review,.... Baltimore. g Church of England Quarterly Review,. London. q Church Review,. New Haven.?a Church Record,.... Chicago. rn Colburn's New Monthly,..... London. w Comptes Rendus,... Paris. m Colburn's United Service Magazine, London. m Crayon,.... New York. m Cultivator,. New York. m Daguerrean Journal,.... New York. ia De Bow's Commercial Review,. New Orleans. g Deutsche Vierteljahrschrift,. Stuttgart. NEW YORK. 283 w Deutsches Museum,..... Leipzig. m Democratic Age,. New York. s-in Dingler's Polytechnisches Journal, Augsburg. q Dublin Review,. London. n Dublin University Magazine,.... Dublin. mn Eclectic Magazine,..... New York. m Eclectic Review,..... London. q Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, Edinburgh. q Edinburgh Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, Edinburgh. q Edinburgh Review,..... Edinburgh. w Fliegende Blatter,...... Munich. mn Foreign Missionary,..... New York. mn Frazer's Magazine,..... London. g Freewill Baptist Quarterly,..... Dover. m Gentleman's Magazine, London. mn Graham's Magazine,..... Philadelphia. w Grenzboton,...... Leipzig. m Harper's New Monthly,... New York. mn Historical Magazine,.. New York. a Home and Foreign Record,.... Philadelphia. n Hornceopathic Review, New York. as Home Missionary,. New York. in Horticulturist,...... Rochester. mr Household Words,. London. mn Hunt's Merchants' Magazine..New York. m Insurance Monitor,... New York. q Irish Quarterly,. Dublin. q Journal of Classical and Sacred Philology,. London. m Journal of the Franklin Institute,. Philadelphia. a Journal of the Royal Geographical Society,.. London. q Journal of Sacred Literature, London. w Journal of the Society of Arts, London. g Journal of the Statistical Society, L. ondon. m Journal des Economistes,.. Paris. m Knickerbocker Magazine, New York. m Lancet,.... New York. mn Leisure Hour,.. London. w Littell's Living Age,.... Boston. q London Quarterly Review,. London. m Mathematical Monthly,..... Cambridge. m Medical News,. Philadelphia. q Meth. Quart. of Meth. Epis. Church, South,. Nashville. at Mechanic's Magazine,... London. q Mercersburg Review,...... Chambersburg, Pa. q Methodist Quarterly,.... New York. 284 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. in Minerva,....... Jena. mn Mining Magazine,..... New York. mu Missionary Herald,..... Boston. n Mittheilungen Von Petermann,.... Gotha. mu Monthly Religious Magazine,.... Boston. un National Magazine,..... London. q National Review,..... London. un National Magazine,.... New York. u Nautical Magazine,.....London. us Neuer Anzeiger fir Bibliographie,.. Dresden. q New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Boston. q New Englander,. New Haven. q New Quarterly,... London. m Newton's London Journal,. London. q North American Review, Boston. q North British Review,. Edinburgh. mn Notes.and Queries,..... London. n Philosophical Magazine,.. London. m Practical Mechanics' Magazines. Glasgow. q Presbyterian Quarterly,.... Philadelphia. m Printer,..... New York. q Protestant Episcopal Quarterly,.. New York. s-m Publisher's Circular,..... London. w Punch,.... London. q Puritan Review,... Boston. q Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society, London. q Quarterly Journal of the Microscopic Society, London. q Quarterly Review,. London., Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society,. London. q Quarterly Journal Pure and Applied Mathematics, Camb., Eng. u Repertory of Patent Inventions,. London. s-ut Revue des deux Mondes,. Paris. s-mn Revue Contemporaire,.Paris. m Revue Germanique. Paris. un Rivista Contemporanea..... Turin. un Sailor's Magazine,.... New York. q Sanitary Rules,. London, q Scalpel,.... New York. m School Journal.. Philadelphia. q Scottish Review,... Belfast.,u Sharpe's London Magazine,. London. m Southern Literary Messenger,... Richmond. m Spirit of Missions,.... New York. irn Sporting Magazine,...... London. m Student,.... New York. NEW YOR1. 285 m Tait's Edinburgh Magazine,... Edinburgh. Technologiste,..... Paris. q Theological and Literary Journal,.. New York. g Theologische Studien und Kritikenl, Gotha. m Tiffany's Monthly,..... New York. mn Titan.... London. m Type of the Times (Phonographic), Cincinnati. m U. S. Democratic Review,. New Yorkr. q Universalist Quarterly, Boston. sm Vegetarian Messenger,.... London. m Water-Cure Journal,.....New York. r7n Wesleyan Methodist Magazine, London. q Westminster Review,. London. m Westermann's Deutsche Monatshefle,... Leipzig. m Zeitschrift fir Allgelneine Erdkunde,... Leipzig. q Zeitschrift fMr Staatswissenschaft,... Leipzig. FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS. d Aftonbladet,... tockholm. d Allgemeine Zeitung,...... Augsburg. w Athenreum,.... London. w Beacon and Christian Times,. London. w Bell's Life in London,. London. w Bremen Handelsblatt,.. Brenmen. d Charivari,....Paris. s-m China Mail,... Macao. d Correio Mercantil,..... Rio Janeiro. d Correo de la Tarde,...... Havana. w Continental Review,.. London. s-?n Critic,... London. d Daily News,......London. w Dublin Native,..... Dublin. w Economist,.... e London. s-w Edinburgh Witness,...... Edinburgh. w Examiner,...... London. d Fdcdrelandet,..... -. Copenhagen. s-m Friend of India,.. Serampore. w Illustrated London News,.. London. w Illustrated News of the World,. London. w Illustrated Times,......London. w Illustrite Zeitung,..... Leipzig. w Illustration (L'),. D Paris. d Independence Belge,...... Brussels. s-wV Journal de Constantinople, Constantinople. 286 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. d Journal de St. Petersburg,..... St. Petersburg. d Journal des Debats,.... Paris. w Leader,. London. w Literary Gazette,. London. w Mark Lane Express, London. d Morning Star,.London. d Moniteur,. Paris. d Nord (Le),. Brussels. d Opinione (L'),..Turin. d Presse (La),. Paris. w Saturday Review, London. w Spectator,..... London. d Times,.......London. AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS. DAILIES. Philadelphia North American. Albany Evening Journal. Pittsburg Free Press. Baltimore American. Providence Journal. Boston Evening Transcript. Richmond Inquirer. i' Post. San Francisco Evening Bulletin. Buffalo Express. St. Louis Missouri Democrat. Charleston Mercury." Republican. Chicago Tribune. Savannah Daily Republican. Cincinnati Commercial. Toronto Leader. Cleveland Herald. Washington National Intelligencer. Detroit Advertiser. Globe. Louisville Journal. Mobile Advertiser. WEEKLIES. New Orleans Picayune. Albion. N. Y. Commercial Advertiser. American Mining Chronicle. C Courier and Inquirer. " Publishers' Circular. " Courrier des Etats-Unis. " Railroad Journal. " Daily News. Ballou's Pictorial. " Day-Book. Banner of Light. " Evening Post. Century. c" Express. Christian Advocate and Journal. " Herald. " Inquirer. " Journal of Commerce. " Intelligencer. H" andel's Zeitung. " Spiritualist. " Staats Zeitung. Church Journal. " Times. Churchman. " Tribune. Commercial Times. Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. Country Gentlerian. 44 Daily News. Evangelist. NEW YORK. 287 Examiner. New York Musical Review. Frank Leslie's Illustrated. ": Musical World. 4" Illustrite Zeitung. " Observer. Harper's Weekly. Porter's Spirit of the Times. Home Journal. Presbyterian. Independent. Protestant Churchman. Irish American. Saturday Press. Irish News. Scientific American. Jewish Messenger. Shipping and Commercial List. Life Illustrated. Spirit of the Times. National Anti-Slavery Standard. Spiritual Age. New Jerusalem Messenger. Spiritual Telegraph. New York Chronicle. Truthteller.': Freeman's Journal. United States Economist. " Leader. Oregon Statesman. " Ledger. Weekly Oregonian. "From a careful record, it has been ascertained that the number of visits made to the reading-room, during the past five months, has been 47,696. ~"In connection with the reading-room, and leading from. it, is the cabinet, which occupies portions of the conversation-room and ladies' reading-room. This last feature is peculiarly novel, and is the result of a most pleasing necessity, influenced by a large increase in the list of our lady subscribers, which, we may be permitted to hope, will shortly be enumerated by hundreds." Receipts during 1854 (aside from lecture and class receipts), $10,224 61. Expenditures for books, $2074 17. Binding, $538 22. Periodicals, $944 90. Salaries, $3643 07. Incidentals, $3024 25. Subscribers and stockholders of the Clinton Hall Association are entitled to the library. Clerks paying $1 initiation, and $2 yearly dues. All others, $5 per annum. Novels are arranged according to their titles; all other books alphabetically, according to their authors. The library is open six days in the week, from 8 A.Mf. to 9 P.M. Reading-room open from 7 A.M. to 10 P.M. About 120,000 volumes were lent in 1854, to 100,000 persons. Catalogue published in 1850, and supplement in 1852; size, 8vo.; pages number 460; cost, $1500. Another catalogue in 1856, 214 pages 8vo. The largest class of books read is novels. A cabinet of minerals and shells, a collection of revolutionary medals, miscellaneous coins, various paintings, statue of the Dancing Girl Reposing, Minerva, and a bust of Philip Stone. 288 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. MERCHANTS' AND CLERKS' LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 600 vols. Foundecl, June 1853. Incorporated, April 17, 1854. First opened July, 1855. This library was established to supply a want felt, especially by the commnercial community, in consequence of the,removal of all libraries and literary and scientific institutions to the upper part of the city. The intention is to make it principally a library of reference of superior character. By the act of incorporation, the library must be located in the lower part of the city of New York, not above the line of Reade Street. Clerks pay an initiation fee of 81; and 81 for the first six months; regular, annual dues thereafter, $2. Merchants pay $3 initiation, and $4 annually. Other persons pay $1 initiation, and $4 annually. Lifemembership fee, $100. A membership for one year is necessary to make a member eligible to office. One of the directors is elected by the Chamber of Commerce. The library is open from 10 A.MI. to 6 P. rI. NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 25,000 vols. Founded in 1804. Incorporated in 1809. As nearly all the additions are from donations, it is difficult to ascertain, from the records, the yearly average increase. From $100 to $200 are annually expended for the purchase of books. The Society has no funds; the library is supported by annual subscriptions of its members. The Society occupies leased rooms in the University of the City of New York. A catalogue, prepared by Rev. Timothy Alden, was published in 1839, 139 pages 8vo. The library is open daily from 10 until 2 in the morning, and from 4 to 6 in the evening, in summer, andfrom 7 to 9 in winter. Members of the Society, and persons introduced by members, are entitled to the use of the books. Books are only to be consultedl in the library. The yearly average number of persons consulting the library is estimated at 500. A building for the Society was dedicated November 3d, 1857. The entire cost of the building and site, is about $85,000. NEW YORK HOSPITAL. (1857.) 6000 vols. "' Upon the recommendation of the medical faculty of Columbia College, the governors of the hospital, in August, 1796, appropriated the NEW YORK. 289 suam of 8500 towards the purchase of a medical library, to which the members of that Faculty contributed books from their private libraries, and part of their fees in public instruction. A hospital library was thus instituted, which was further augmented by the purchase of the medical library of the late Dr. Romayne, in 1800, and by the accession, in 1805, of the library of a private association of physicians, then called'The Medical Society of New York,' who gave their books on condition that they, and such of their sons as should become practitioners of medicine in the city of New York, should have free use of the Hospital library. In 1805, the governors appropriated the annual sum of $250 for the purchase of books-; and other larger additions were afterwards made to it, by special purchases and donations from time to time, amongst which was the valuable botanical library of Dr. Hosack, bought by the Hospital. " For somle years past, there have been appropriated for the support and increase of this library, all the proceeds arising from the sale of tickets to students of medicine, which permit them to see the practice of the house, to attend the clinical instruction, and to take books from the library. The moneys thus accruing are appropriated to the purchase of medical and scientific publications, selected by the library committee (composed of three governors, one physician, and one surgeon), to the payment of the librarian's salary, binding, and other contingencies. "The annual average expenditures and receipts on account of the purchase of books, are now from $500 to $800. "The library now consists of more than 5000 volumes, confined entirely to medicine and surgery, and those collateral branches of science (as chemistry, botany, &c.) specially connected with the healing art. It is believed to be as useful and complete in this department as a library can be made in that number of volumes, and contains many of the most splendid and costly works on anatomy and natural history. During the last year, the governors have fitted up, in'the large hospital building, two spacious apartments, one above the other, communicating by a central spiral staircase, and deposited the library in them, the lower room being used as a reading and consultation chamber." Books may be lent free of charge to the present or former governors, physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, and other officers of the tHospital; to all donors of books (approved by the library committee), or money to the amount of $25; and to other persons on the payment of $5 a year. 19 290 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. An alphabetical catalogue of the books (194 pages 8vo.) was published in 1845. Receipts during 1854, $320; expenditures for books, $44 56. Owing to financial embarrassments, the purchases were much smaller than usual. About 100 volumes are annually added by purchase. The governors have recently appropriated $200 for this purpose. The books are arranged numerically. During 1854, 164 volumes were lent to 50 persons (a much smaller number than usual). The Hospital has a very valuable cabinet of pathological specimens, amounting to about 800 specimens, in a state of excellent preservation. NEW YORK LAW INSTITUTE. (1857.) 6000 vols. Incorporated February 22d, 1830. Its library is composed almost exclusively of law books. Its average increase is about 225 volumes a year. From the commencement of the institution to 1850, the sum of $21,894 had been expended for books, making a yearly average of $1094 70. The annual income, varying from $1200 to $1500, is derived from charges for membership ($80 for each member). The corporation of the city at present furnishes two rooms in the City Hall for the accommodation of the Institute. The one used for the library is 50 feet by 56. The conversation-room is 18 feet by 33. A catalogue was published in 1842, containing 128 pages 8vo. This catalogue, prepared by Lewis H. Sanford, contains also "' A Chronological List of Contemporary English Reporters." The library is open daily from 84 o'clock A.M. to 6 P.M. Only those members of the New York bar who belong to the Institute, are entitled to the use of the books; but those who do not practise law in the city, Kings County, or Jersey City, and strangers generally, are permitted to use the library free of charge. No book is allowed to be taken out of the library, except to be used in the different Courts in the City Hall. "The Law Institute partakes of the character of a close corporation. Only certain persons are entitled to admission to its privileges, and these only under peremptory rules and regulations. "There is, probably, no law library in the country which has upon its shelves so rich and valuable a collection of rare works on legal topics. The catalogue comprises a very full collection of reports of cases in the American, English, Scotch, and Irish Courts; sets of Ame NEW YORK. 291 rican and English Statute Law; the publications of the English Record Commission; and, in addition to the less rare and curious volumes which are set forth in all the glory of fresh sheepskin, there is a set, nearly complete, of English reports from the year 1216 (reign of Henry II), down to the present time. The state papers of England and America are a feature of this institution of peculiar value. Among the documents pertaining to American history are the charters of the American colonies, Congressional papers from 1791 down to the present time, and New York state papers since 1691. The English and Irish Records, in which this library is peculiarly full and rich, contain complete accounts of the foundation of British and American law. The early laws of the Anglo-Saxons, those of England under William the Conqueror, the laws ascribed to Henry I, and the' Monumenta Ecclesiastica,' from the 7th to the 10th century, are among the documents which will be found to possess interest and attraction-not for the lawyer only, but for the antiquarian as well."-American.Publishers' Uircular. NEW YORK SOCIETY LIBRARY. (1856.) 40,000 vols. "In the year 1700, while William Prince of Orange sat upon the English throne, Richard, Earl of Bellamont, was Governor of the Province of New York, and th6 Rev. John Sharp was with him as chaplain of His Majesty's forces in that colony. This latter gentleman, it appears, besides discharging his sacred duties while alive, had a kindly care for those who should come after him, and, at his death, left those books which had been his solace and his strength, for the use of the public, to whisper words of wisdom and of warning to those who might turn for a moment from the pursuits of trade to listen to their teachings. "Although the storm of the Revolution nearly destroyed this early collection, a portion of it is still preserved in our library, and bears witness to the learning of its founder. Such volumes as remain consist mostly of the writings of the Fathers and standard authors of the Church, with a few classics and histories. In 1729, another worthy clergyman, the Rev. Dr. Millington, rector of Newington, in England, taking thought for his brethren across the seas,'bequeathed his library to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, and they presented it to the city of New York, for the use of the clergy 292 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. and gentry of New York, and the neighboring provinces. These books were received by the authorities with grateful formality, and deposited in the public library already founded.'" "Occasional reference is made to this library in the proceedings of the Common Council; but it appears to have been mismanaged and neglected until 1754, when, as Smith's History of New York tells us,'a set of gentlemen undertook to carry about a subscription towards raising a Public Library, and in a few days collected near ~600, which were laid out in purchasing 700 volumes of new, well-chosen books.' " These gentlemen also offered to take charge of the City Library, and deposit their own collection with it in the City Hall. " This proposal was acceded to, and the entire collection was called'The City Library.' " In 1772, a charter was granted to it, under the title of'The New York Society Library,' by which name it has continued to be known down to the present day. Thus, from 1754, twenty-one years of peaceful increase and of quiet usefulness had passed by when the war of the Revolution began. " This war threw the country into a state of confusion not easily realized at the present day, and New York being peculiarly exposed, suffered severely. The Library was left as a spoil to the invading army. An eye-witness (Mr. John Pintard) has affirmed that the British soldiers were in the habit of carrying away the books in their knapsacks, and bartering them for grog. Six hundred volumes were found, after the war, in a room in St. Paul's Church, but no one could tell how they came there. "No meeting of the trustees was held, from the last Tuesday in April, 1774, until Saturday, December 21st, 1788, when twelve trustees were chosen. These were, Hon. Robert R. Livingston, Robert Watts, Brockholst Livingston, Samuel Jones, Peter Kettletas, Walter Rutherford, Matthew Clarkson, Samuel Bard, Hugh Gaine, Daniel C. Verplanck, Edward Greswold, and Henry Remsen. " The fragments of the Library were gathered together, new subscriptions were obtained, and thus the institution resumed its quiet course.' In the fall of 1784, the Federal Congress met in New York. They held their sessions in the old City Hall, at the corner of Nassau and Broad Streets, where the Custom House now stands; and their delibeI This and the following extracts are mainly from the different publications of the late librarian, P. J. Forbes, Esq., and an Address by John MacMullen, Esq. NEW YORK. 293 rations were, no doubt, materially assisted by this collection, which constituted at that time the only library of Congress. "In 1789, the first Congress under the Constitution met in the same place, and George Washington was there sworn in as first President of the United States. An additional value is thus lent to many of the volumes in our library, from the fact that they have been in the hands of those heroes and sages who built up this goodly frame of government, under which we have now lived so many years in happiness and peace. "In 1793, a separate building for the Library was commenced in Nassau Street, and the first catalogue was printed. The Library then contained 5000 volumes. "In 1795, the books were removed from the City Hall to the new building. The Society numbered at this time 900 members. " In 1813, the second catalogue was published, and comprised 13,000 volumes. In 1825, a supplement was printed, showing a total of 16,000 volumes. " In 1836, the property in Nassau Street was sold for $44,200, and a lot purchased on the corner of Broadway and Leonard Street, 60 feet wide and 100 feet deep, for the sum of $47,500. "; In 1838, the New York Athenmeum was finally merged in the New York Society Library. "In 1840, the new building on Broadway was completed at a cost of about $74,000, and the Library removed from the rooms of the Meehanics' Society, in Chambers Street, where it had been since the sale of the Nassau Street property, in 1836. " In 1849, a bequest of $5000 was received from Mliss Jane ]Demilt. " In 1850, the last catalogue was published, showing a total of 35,000 volumes. "In 1853, the property in Broadway was sold for $110,000, from which the net amount, after paying off all mortgages and debts, was about $55,000. "In the same year the Library was removed to the Bible House. At this time, also, the property in University Place, 70 feet front, by 104 deep, was bought for $18,650. " The building was commenced in the spring of 1855, and the Library was removed to it in MIay, 1856. "The cost of the site and building to the Library is about $70,000. The building is now completed and paid for, and the corporation does not owe a dollar." 294 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. " The present location is one of the best in the city for a literary institution; near the University and the Union Seminary, central, quiet, and easy of access. The building is commodious, well planned, well lighted, and finished throughout in excellent taste. On the ground floor is a fine reading-room, well supplied with journals and periodicals; up stairs is the spacious library hall, with its well-stored volumes. " An excellent feature in the new building is an elegant reading-room for the exclusive use of ladies, who, in answer to a bell, are furnished with whatever they-may desire from the principal reading-roomn or the library. The reading-rooms are open in the evening. " The library now numbers 40,000 volumes. It is particularly rich in the departments of history, and of general literature. The institution is entirely free from debt, and is steadily increasing its resources and its benefits to the public." The library is open daily, Sundays excepted, from 8 A.M. till sunset; but the reading-roomls are open till 10 P.M. Persons entitled to the use of the library are, members who pay $25 for a right, and then $6 annually, and temporary subscribers at $10 per annum. Strangers may be introduced, for the use of the books, &c., in the rooms, for one month. The number of members, in 1793, was 900; in 1856, 1240. Books are lent out, with the exception of very expensive worksthose of reference, as encyclopedias, dictionaries, bound newspapers, &c. The trustees have full power to extend the use of the library to persons at a distance. OMACATL SOCIETY. (1855.) 339 vols. Founded in 1855. Supported by donations. The library contains 242 unbound volumes and 97 bound volumes, besides 27 engravings. Expenditures in 1854 for binding, $3 62. The nmembers and their friends are entitled to the use of the library. The books are arranged promiscuously. The library is always open to members. The books are all in the English language; and are mostly Government, State, and city documents, with a few mercantile, commercial, and standard works. PRINTERS' FREE LIBRARY. (1857.) 4000 vols. Founded by the New York Typographical Society, for the use of the NEW YORK. 295 members only; but afterwards changed, in 1850, to a free public library. Supported principally by donations, and subscribers, who pay $1 a year for the privilege of taking books from the library. Receipts during 1854, $400; expenditures for books, $75; binding, $30; salaries, $200; incidentals, $500. The books are arranged according to numbers. The library is open daily from 6 to 10 P.M. During 1854, about 2000 volumes were lent to 200 persons. Works of fiction are most read; next biography; next history. About 3000 books are in English, 20 French, 5 German, 6 Spanish, 3 other modern languages, 15 Latin, 2 Greek, and 2 Hebrew. The last catalogue Was printed in 1854; supplement, in 1855. Size 12nmo. 100 pages; number printed, 1000; cost, $125. The New York Typographical Society holds annual meetings upon Franklin's birthday. It was instituted in 1809, for the purpose of affording relief to indigent and distressed members and their families, and to other proper objects of charity. In 1818, the Society was incorporated; re-chartered in 1832, for fifteen years; and in 1847, incorporated under the general law of the State, enacted in 1848. SPINGLER INSTITUTE LIBRARY. (1857.) 2000 vols. Founded in 1852, by the principal and proprietor of the Institute. The officers and students of the Institute are entitled to the use of the library. The books are mostly arranged by subjects. The library is open one hour daily. The last catalogue was printed in 1852; number of copies, 500; cost, $200. Books of reference in the various departments of history, philosophy, and general literature, are mostly called for. Scarcely any works of fiction or light reading are in the library. It is mainly composed of the best English editions of standard works of general reference. UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1857.) 24,000 vols. Subscriptions were obtained at the commencement of the enterprise, to the amount of about $80,000. The directors must be ministers or members in good standing of some Presbyterian Church; and also the Faculty, who are obliged to solemnly promise not to teach or inculcate anything subversive of the Presbyterian Form of Government. " The institution was opened for instruction, December 5th, 1836. It 296 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. was incorporated March 17th, 1839. In the number of its students it has been signally favored, having been one of the first three theological seminaries in the land:; and for several years has stood as second. " The basis of the library was made by the purchase of the library of Dr. Van Ess, of Germany, comprising about 15,000 volumes and pamphlets. It is rich in all the Latin and earlier German theological works. Its editions of the Scriptures in Latin, Greek, and German are numerous. It has most of the standard collections in Church history, and the various editions and collections of the Church fathers. Of the first editions of the works of the reformers, Luther, Melancthon, and others, it has 1246 distinct publications. Of works printed before 1500, and Incunabula, it has 430, and 37 MSS." The library occupies a hall in the Seminary building, No. 9 University Place. The room is a parallelogram, about 65 feet in length. The books are arranged on the shelves according to size. There is only a MS. catalogue. The library is open each week-day, except Saturday, from 10 o'clock A.M. to 3 or 4 P.rm.; closed from the third Wednesday in June, to the third Wednesday in September. Persons entitled to the use of the library are those connected with the Seminary, or who may have permission from a professor. During 1854, 1500 volumes were lent to 150 persons. Of the volumes, 7000 aI;e in English, 1000 French, 6000 German, 50 Spanish, 50 other modern languages, 7000 Latin, 500 Greek, 250 Hebrew, and ~280 Oriental. About 1000 volumes are added yearly. Receipts during 1854, $600; expended for books, $250; binding, $100; periodicals, $150; salaries, $100. UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. (1857.) 1381 vols. The University of the City of New York was incorporated in April, 1831. It was opened for the reception of students at Clinton Hall, in October, 1832. The first class, consisting of three students, graduated in 1833. The foundations of the building on Washington Square were laid in July, 1833; and the building was so far completed, as to be occupied for purposes of instruction in 1836. Receipts during 1854, 117 volumes, valued at $225. The Council and Faculty are entitled to the use of the library, which is open from NEW YORK. 297 10 to 12 A.M. daily. The books are arranged by subjects. The yearly increase of the library is over 100 volumes. $200 have been expended for books during the last five years. The value of the library is estimnated at $4728. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 2142 vols. Organized May, 1852. Incorporated July 16th, 1852. The library, in Mlay, 1855, numbered 1813 volumes; 74 volumes were added during the year, giving a total, in 1856, of 1887. 329 members have made use of the library, and 1834 volumes have been withdrawn. The reading-room is supplied with 7 daily papers (secular); 2 semi-weekly (secular); 45 weekly (6 secular, 39 religious); 1 semi-monthly (secular); 10 monthly (2 secular, 8 religious); 14 monthly magazines; 10 quarterly magazines. " Though small, the library has been well selected; and its constant and large use betokens the appreciation of its excellence. It is scarcely necessary to state that we view the less than 2000 volumes which we now possess, as the beginning merely, of a collection of Christian, moral, and religious literature, that shall be suitable to the ends proposed by our organization. For its increase, we look to a kind and discriminating public." —'ourth Annual Report. During 1855, the receipts were $2611 48; and expenditures, 2555 75. Annual cost of support, $3000. A catalogue of 65 pages 8vo. was printed in 1855. Young men under 40 years of age pay $2 a year; those over that age, $5. The library is specially religious; but open to works of a good moral and religious character. Open daily, from 8 A.M. till 10~ P.M. The librarian receives $1000 per annum; and one assistant librarian, $500. "The Christian community seems to be fully convinced that the Young Men's Christian Associations, which have sprung so numerously and rapidly into existence throughout the civilized world, are filling a hitherto unoccupied space in the field of Christian effort; that they have arisen at their appointed time, at the bidding of the Great HI-ead of the Church, to perform an important part in the multiplying and accelerating movements which shall at length introduce the bright day of millennial glory for our earth." —/. Crosby's Report, 1854. 298 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. PEEKSKILL. PEEKSKILL ACADEMY AND CORTLANDT LIBRARY. (1857.) 607 vols. The collection called " The Cortlandt Library,"' was organized about fifty years ago. At the erection of the institution called Peekskill Academy, in 1838, the Cortlandt Library was merged in the Peekskill Academy Library. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $52 50. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, for the last six years, 536. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, about 1000. POUGHKEEPSIE. PUBLIC SCHOOL LIBRARY. (1857.) 4650 vols. Founded in 1843. Receipts during 1854, $341; expended for books, $341; binding, $64; salaries, $336. All persons have the free use of the library. It is open daily, from 1 to 8 P.M. All the books are in English. A catalogue was printed in 1851; and a supplement in 1855; both cost $300. 6 magazines are taken. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $204 for new boo0s, and the same amount for binding periodicals, and rebinding books. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 200. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 25,000. ROCHiESTER. ROCHESTER ATHENIEUMI AND MECHANICS' ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 6524 vols. The payment of $2 entitles any person to the privileges of membership for one year; which term will always commence and end on the 1st day of January. The books in the library are well selected and valuable, a large part NEW'YORK. 299 being on science and mechanic arts, engineering, architecture, &c. The library is open daily, except Sundays and Mondays, from 8 A.M. to 1 P.nM., and from 2~ to 8 P.M. A catalogue of 107 pages 8vo. was printed in 1854, at a cost of 8250 for 2000 copies. 1855. 1856. Receipts,. $1738 93 $21ll 16. Expenditures for books,... 53 00 22 50 binding,... 66 00 59 84 CC periodicals,.. 204 72 110 92 "c salaries,... 534 59 600 00 During 1855, 20,000 volumes were lent to 800 persons. During 1856, 15,025 volumes were lent to 600 persons. Novels and tales, 60 per cent. Biography, 8 per cent. Travels, 10 "' Reviews, 6 4 History, 8 " Poetry, 2 " Science, 4 " Theology, 2 " 6000 volumes are in English, 40 in French, and 250 in German. The salary of the librarian is 8600. 14 periodicals are taken. For the last few years, the number of books worn out, equal the number added. During the last five years, $2000 were expended for books. Annual cost of support, 81600. In 1854, there were 8000 volumes; in 1857, the number reported is 6524. COURT OF APPEALS. (1855.) 5000 vols. Founded in 1829. In 1849, the Chancellor's Library was divided, one-quarter was located at Rochester, another at Syracuse, the remaining half at Albany. New law books are added to the library, from time to time, and their cost is paid out of the annual fund appropriated by the Legislature. The library contains principally law books, although there are several hundred miscellaneous works. No catalogue printed. "' This is the proper place to notice a publication of great value to the bar of this city, and which deserves to be imitated in other places. It is'AL- Catalogue of Law Books in the different Libraries in Rochester, on the 31st August, 1847, with References to the several Owners of each, by William F. Liddle. 8vo., 55 pages: Rochester, 1847.' This catalogue contains the law books in 63 private libraries, besides those 300 PUBLIC LTBRARIES. in the public library. The catalogue is alphabetical, and under each title all the attorneys owning books are referred to by means of numbers. An index of subjects is appended to the catalogue."-Jewett's Notices. UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER AND ROCHESTER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1857.) 6500 vols. Founded November, 1850. The library of the late Dr. Neander, of the University of Berlin, has been purchased for this Institution. It contains 4600 volumes, consisting mainly of the original sources and materials for investigation in the field to which his life was devoted. To these are added the choicest works of modern scholars in the same field, and also the best fruits of modern evangelical learning in the department of Biblical Exegesis and Theology. This collection was made under the most favorable circumstances, by one of the first scholars of the age, and contains many important works, of which few if any copies are to be found elsewhere in this country. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $1709 74. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, about 1000. The library is for consultation, and not for circulation. SCHENECTADY. UNION COLLEGE. (1857.) 9000 vols. The College library was founded (with the College) in 1795. The yearly average number of volumes added to the library, is 100. The expenditure for books during the last five years, was $500. Receipts during 1854, fromn students, $486 88; expenditures $215 49. The library is open twice a week, one hour each time. Officers, students, and resident graduates are entitled to the use of the library. About 2110 volumes are lent out annually. 11 reviews and 4 newspapers are taken. Salary of librarian, $250. ADELPHIC SOCIETY (UNION COLLEGE). (1857.) 3550 vols. Founded in 1796. The library is open only to members two hours on one day of every week. 3500 volumes are in English, 25 French, NEW YORK. 301 5 other modern languages, 30 Latin, 17 Greek. About 70 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years $500 have been expended for books. Annual cost of support, $20. A catalogue was printed in 1856, 89 pages 12mo.; cost $120 for 500 copies. During 1855, there were read 1600 volumes; of theology, 150; history and biography, 500; philology and rhetoric, 300; law, 100; poetry, 200; fiction, 300;u miscellaneous, 50. 7 periodicals and 16 newspapers are taken. PHILOMATHEAN SOCIETY (UNION COLLEGE). (185T.) 3812 vols. Founded October 17th, 1793. Receipts during 1856, $154; expended for books, $110; periodicals, $24; salaries, $12; incidentals, $8. The books are arranged according to size and binding. 3770 volumes are in English, 11 French, 4 German, 19 Latin, 7 Greek, and 1 Hebrew. A catalogue was printed in 1856, 70 pages 16mo.; cost $70 for 400 copies. 10 magazines and 11 papers are taken. The librarian receives $7 50; assistant, $4 50. About 75 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support, $20. Expended for books during the last five years, $301 84. STAPLETON. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. The Young Men's Christian Association of Staten Island was organized on the 26th of 3May, 1856. Its membership at the present time is 72.'" In the early part of December two classes were formed, for instruction in music and drawing. These classes are free to all members of the Association, and to all others on payment of $1. The rooms of the Association are fitted up in a simple, but tasteful manner, and they contain the nucleus of a library, which has grown most encouragingly, chiefly owing to the munificence of private individuals. "In February, a course of lectures was commenced, which have been well attended. They have contributed to our pecuniary means, and have proved instructive and interesting. "A movement to canvass the field of labor embraced within the boundaries of the Association was made in January. A committee was appointed to draft a plan of operations, and to district the ground 302 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. to be gone over. The specific objects contemplated in this undertaking were: first, the distribution of tracts and copies of the Holy Scriptures; and second, the gathering up of facts relative to the moral and spiritual condition of the various classes in such districts. Inquiries like these are made: How many children of this family attend Sabbath-school? How many members of this family are members of any Christian Church, and how many are willing to engage in Sunday-school instruction? How many attend regularly any place of worship on the Sabbath? How many young men are members of the Christian Association, and how many are willing to become such? "The work contemplated in this undertaking is now in progress, and the results, when all are gathered in, will form the basis of some new system of operation, whereby our Association may become an aggressive agency, the design of which shall be to bring all our population into close and Christian sympathy with us, and to do the utmost amount of good by diffusing the principles of Christianity, and a saving knowledge of the truth to those who are ready to perish for lack of that bread, of which, if a man eat, he shall never hunger, and of that water, of which, if a man drink, he shall never thirst."- Quarterly Reporter, July, 1857. SYRACUSE. FRANKLIN INSTITUTE. (1857.) 2700 vols. "The Franklin Institute had its origin in the Syracuse Library and Reading-Roonm Association. Previous to this latter, and about the year 1830, a Lyceum for debates was formed in the school-room of Mr. Ambrose Kasson. Another similar association of young men was afterwards conducted, in the school-room of Messrs. Clark and Green, in the old Onondaga House. It was no part of the object of these lyceums to form a public library or reading-room. The first movement for this purpose was in 1837. On the 1st of November in that year, the citizens of Syracuse were invited to meet in the session-room of the Presbyterian church, to deliberate on the formation of a public library. At a subsequent meeting, on the 13th, a constitution was adopted, and on the 15th, the following were chosen as the first officers of'The Library and Reading-Room of the village of Syracuse,' viz., Harvey Baldwin, Esq., President; John G. Forbes, Esq., Vice-President; H. W. Van Buren, Treasurer and Librarian; G. F. Comstock, Esq., Secretary. NEW YORK. 303 "Funds were liberally subscribed, and the trustees immediately directed $800 to be expended in books and periodicals. A readingroom was opened; a cabinet of minerals was presented; and for several years a course of lectures was had in each winter season. When, in 1843, District School Libraries were established, and the country was flooded with cheap books, the previous interest in the library and reading-room of the Association flagged, debts accumulated, and at length, in the fall of 1845, all its operations were suspended, and the stockholders, by neglect to pay their annual dues, finally forfeited their rights.'"In this state of things, an effort was made, in 1849, to organize a new Association; and the Executive Board of the old Society, having signified their assent to a transfer of its property to a new one, on condition of paying the debts, the Franklin Institute was accordingly organized, in December, 1849. "It having been found impracticable to obtain a special charter from the Legislature, the Board of Directors proceeded to incorporate themselves under the general law of the State." The property of, the Library and Reading-Room Association which came into possession of the Franklin Institute, was as follows: 871 volulues of books, estimated to be worth not less than $400. A cabinet of about 450 mineralogical, conchological, and geological specimens, which, with its case, must have cost not less than $100. To the above books, 496 volumes have since been added by purchase and donations; and the library of the Institute now embreces 1367 volumes. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $275. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 179. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 6000. TROY. YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 9405 vols. The Young Men's Association of the City of Troy, was organized on the 22d of December, 1834. On the 27th of November, 1834, there appeared in the city papers the following notice: "The Young Men of the city of Troy who are in favor of a Public Course of Lectures this winter, are requested to meet at the Mayor's Court-Room, Friday evening, 28th inst., at 8 o'clock, to make the necessary arrangements. At the same time the expediency of forming a Young Men's Association, will be discussed." 304 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. "'The meeting held under the above call (on the 28th) was well attended. John T. MIcCoun presided, and Alexander McCall acted as Secretary. "In 1837, the number of members was 534; from this it had risen, in 1842, to 577; in 1847, 663; and in 1852, the Treasurer's list furnishes a total of 1389 nanoes, of which 204 are new members, 1079 renewals, and 106 life —members; the last including the subscribers to the Life-M3embership Library Fund. "Our library, always an interest of paramount importance, has shared in the general prosperity. " In the annual report of 1837, it is described as consisting of 600 volumes of'all sorts;' in 1842, it contained 1511 volumes; in 1846, by the purchase of new books, donations, and the incorporation of the Troy Library, it had increased to 3200; at the date of this report (1852), it consisted of 5356 volumes; of which there have been added during the past year, 59 by donations, and 498 by purchase, at an expense of 1$690 82."-Report. LIBRARY, GENERAL FINANCES. MEMsBERS. VOLS.~ Year. Receipts. ments. Life. Reg'lar. Total. Atioddi- Total. ip fe-Meber-d. 1835 $2846 00 $1825 79 33 443 476 1222....... 1836 2124 66 2340 52 35 486 521 200 1400..... 1837 1654 64 1487 95 35 573 608 100 1500 1838 1901 58 2156 14 38 508 546 300..1800 1839 1544 64 1654 94 38 565 603 300 2100..... 1840 1482 75 1657 15 38 488 526 100 *2200 $671- 00 1841 1816 58 1735 06 38 563 601 50 ~2250 1650 00 184:2 1490 27 1412 22 38 495 533 50 a 2300 1650 00 1843 1054 09 1338 74 38 351 389 16.... 1650 00 1844 1445 02 1483 73 47 517 564... *2400t 1650 00 1845 1485 11 1347 05 47 583 630 107.... 1650 00 1846 1768 95 1839 17 48 641 689 i......1G50 00 1847 2043 84 2060 87 48 697 745 230.... 1650 00 1848 2037 08 2083 52 I 48 776 824 531.... 1695 00 1849 1775 07 1775 55 48 712 760 343.... 1695 00 1850 2092 65) 2086 29 49 883 932 347 4061 1685 00 1851 2457 72 2434 20:t,129 1026 1155 764 4799 1680 00 1852 2953 98 2968 86 t130 1283 1413 557 5356 ~1680 00 Including the " Troy Library," which embraced between 600 and 800 volumes.' "Troy Library," purchased by the Association. 4 Including subscribers to "Life-Membership Library Fund." ~ Of this fund $1650 is loaned on bond and mortgage; the remaining $30 is in the hands of the Treasurer, who pays 7 per cent. interest upon it. NEW YORK. 305 Extract from the Report of the Executive Committee, for 1851: "At a meeting of the Executive Committee, held May 9th, 1851, it was Resolved, That the committee soliciting subscriptions to this fund, be empowered, upon receiving any subscription of $50 or upwards, payable in five or less than five annual instalments, upon the payment of the first instalment thereon, to present such subscriber a ticket of lifemembership. It was further Resolved, That the money raised in accordance with the above resolution, be appropriated for no other purpose than to improve the condition of the library." Supported by annual membership dues; new members, $3; renewals, $2. Expenditures for books during the last five years, $4500. Receipts during 1854, $2950; expenditures for books in 1854, $835; binding, $82 98; periodicals, $267; salaries, $1100; incidentals, $61. Strangers in the city are entitled to the use of the library. The books are arranged by subjects. The library is open 6 days in the week, 8 hours per day. During 1854, 19,500 volumes were lent to 650 persons. During 1855, 20,000 volumes were lent to 700 persons. From 200 to 800 volumes are added yearly. The last catalogue was printed in 1853, 113 pages; cost $100 for 1000 copies. 8800 volumes are in English, 150 French, 1 German, 4 Spanish, 41 Latin, 2 Greek, and 1 Hebrew. 25 reviews and 62 papers are taken. UTICA. STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM. (1856.) 4060 vols. Founded in 1843, by Dr. Amariah Brigham. It is supported by voluntary contributions, annual appropriations by the Legislature of the State, of $150, and an annual fund created by the proceeds of the "Opal," a monthly magazine published by the inmates. 3800 volumes are in English, 254 French, and 3 Spanish. WEST POINT. UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY.. (1856.) 16,392 vols. Founded in 1812. There have been three printed catalogues: one in August, 1822, 22 pages octavo; the second in May, 1830, 132 pages Svo.; and the last in 1853, 403 pages 8vo. 20 306 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. There are, in the library, 10 volumes of manuscripts, 300 maps and charts, 70 volumes of engravings, 10 sheets of loose engravings, 6 volumes of music, 3 medals, 4 busts, and, temporarily, 10 paintings (portraits), belonging to the Military Academy. Exclusive of the above works, there are 15,500 volumes in the various classes. The following have been the additions to the library since 1838: 1838, 250 volumes. 1846, 25 volumes. 1839, 602 " 1847, 50 " 1840, 159 " 1848, 80 1841, 377 " 1849, 256 " 1842, 108 " 1850, 700 " 1843, 171 " 1851, 446 1844, 50 1" 852, 577 1845, 130 " 1854, 330 " There is no permanent fund for the increase of the library. There has, usually, been an appropriation made by Congress, of $1000 annually, for the library; but for the years 1846, 1847, and 1848, no such appropriation was made. The sum of $1500, however, was appropriated on the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1849; and the usual appropriation was made by Congress for 1850, 1851, and 1852, of $1000 annually. Receipts during 1855, $1125 30; expended for books, $787 28; binding, $222 70; periodicals, 8115 32. The library occupies the east wing of a granite building, of the Elizabethan style of Gothic architecture, erected in 1840-'41. The remaining portion of the building contains four public offices, and rooms for philosophical apparatus; in the east tower is a transit instrument, in the middle one an equatorial telescope, and in the west one a mural circle. The cost of the entire building was 850,216 86. The library room is 46 feet square, with a gallery and two tiers of cases. Height of room, 31 feet. The books are arranged on the shelves alphabetically, according to subjects. The library is open daily, Sundays excepted, between 8 and 12 A.M., and between 1 P.M. and sunset. Only the professors, instructors, cadets, and officers residing at the post, are entitled to the use of the books. Cadets may draw books on Saturday, to be returned on the ensuing Monday; and they are also allowed to take such books during the week as are calculated to assist them in their class studies, i. e., one volume of text, with accompanying plates (if any) at a time, and to be retained for 10 days only; for a longer period of time, they must NORTH CAROLINA. 307 obtain the special permission of the Superintendent in writing. Officers may draw four volumes, and professors eight volumes at a time; to be retained for a period not exceeding two months. The annual number drawn is, on an average, 12,000 volumes. The officers of the library are, a librarian, who is also a member of the Academic staff; and an assistant librarian, who is a private soldier. Neither receive salaries. The chief object of the library is to furnish the professors and instructors in the institution, with the most complete information on the subjects which they teach, and the greatest facilities for imparting instruction. It is, in consequence, essentially scientific and military; but contains, likewise, a great number of works on all branches of literature. During 1855, 5243 volumes were lent to 296 persons. As to the character of books read, those taken out by professors and officers are chiefly scientific and military; and those by the cadets, chiefly light works, as a relaxation from study. No newspapers are taken; but all of the best American, and many foreign periodicals, are regularly subscribed for.-Lieut. Baird. NORTH CAROLINA. CHAPEL HILL. UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA. (1851.) 3501 vols. Incorporated December 11, 1789. The business of education was commenced early in the year 1795. At that time the library was begun. (See History of the University of North Carolina, American Quarterly Register, November, 1842.) It contained, in 1851, 343 folios, 357 quartos, 2536 octavos, and 265 duodecimos; in all, 3501 volumes, besides a collection of manuscripts, principally relating to the history of North Carolina. The Society libraries are in buildings apparently connected with the wings of the other College buildings; separated, however, by a wall and copings of some four feet high. They were erected, of brick, in 1847, at an expense of $10,000. The rooms are fitted up 308 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. with alcoves, 8 by 8 feet on each side. The central aisle is 20 feet wide; the length of the room is 37 feet. All residents on the Hill who seem to be proper persons to have books, are allowed to use them without charge. The library is open five times a week, an hour at a time. The Faculty and the students use the library without fees. DIALECTIC SOCIETY (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA). (1857.) 6000 vols. Founded in 1795. During 1856, $300 were expended for books, $100 for binding; $44 for periodicals. The library is free to members of the Society and Faculty. It is open one hour every Wednesday and Saturday. 20 periodicals are taken. During the last five years $2150 were expended for books. A catalogue was printed in 1821, 21 pages 12mo., containing 1673 volumes; another in 1835, 26 pages Svo., containing 3060 volumes. DAVIDSON COLLEGE. DAVIDSON COLLEGE. (1857.) 8000 vols. This institution took its name from a distinguished patriot, General Davidson, who fell at Cowan's Ford, a few miles distant, fighting for the liberties of our country. The motto of the College is, "Alenda lux ubi orta Libertas." During the year 1856, there were about 90 students. FORESTVILLE. EUZELIAN SOCIETY (WAKE FOREST COLLEGE). (1857.) 5000 vols. Founded in 1835. Members only are entitled to use the library. The books are arranged "according to appearance." The library is open every Saturday between I and 4 P.M. During 1854, 1157 books were taken out by 78 persons. During 1856, 1000 books were lent to 80 persons. Historical and biographical works are read most. Tytler's Universal History, and Wirt's Life of Patrick Henry, are most called for. There is a Latin Bible in the NORTH CAROLINA. 309 library, printed in 1566, at Frankfort-on-the-Maine; also a copy of Lawson's Voyage to Carolina (1st edition), a very rare work. A catalogue was printed in 1853; 300 copies cost $30. The Christian Review, Southern Literary Messenger, and the African Repository, are the only periodicals taken. 400 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $1000 have been spent for books. The EUZELIAN Library has 3386 volumes, and the PHILOMATHESIAN, 2400 volumes. PHILOMATHESIAN SOCIETY (WAKE FOREST COLLEGE). (1857.) 2400 vols. Founded February 14, 1835, by James C. Dockery. The students, faculty, and citizens, have the use of the library, which is open one hour on Wednesday, and two hours on Saturday. Nearly all the books are in English. Receipts during 1856, $300; $200 were expended for books; $5 for binding, and $5 for periodicals. Nbout 150 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $1000 were paid for books. MOUNT PLEASANT. WESTERN CAROLINA MALE ACADEMY. Founded in 1854. Under the supervision of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of North Carolina. It is intended to change this institution into a College, as soon as the requisite means are obtained. MURFREESBORO. CHOWAN FEMALE COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. Has a small select library, and is well supplied with periodicals from various parts of the Union. RALEIGH. STATE LIBRARY. (1857.) 6693 vols. The capitol of the State, containing the library, was destroyed by fire (D!0 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. in 1831. The present library was formed in 1840, by appropriations by the Legislature. State officers and members of the Legislature, Judges of the Supreme Court, and attorneys practising therein, only can take out books for a limited time; all others can consult them in the library room. A catalogue was printed in 1854, classified as follows: 1. Miscellaneous; arranged alphabetically. 2. History, Laws, Journals of Assembly, and State Documents. 3. Laws and Documents of other States. 4. Laws of the United States, Congressional Documents, &c. 5. Maps, Charts, &ec. 6. Works obtained by exchange. 7. Law Library. The Southern Literary Messenger is taken. 13 newspapers, published in the State, one from each Province, are received and bound every year. The librarian receives a salary of $300. About 1000 volumes are added annually. An annual appropriation of $500 is made by the State for the use of the library. SALEIM. SALEM FEMALE ACADEMY. (1857.) 1800 vols. Founded in 1804. New buildings have been erected for the Academy; and the library has been rearranged and increased. OHIO. ATHENS. OHIO UNIVERSITY. (1857.)!!1870 vols. Founded in 1816. The books are arranged by subjects, and can be used by the officers and students of the University. The library is open one hour weekly. In 1854, 3450 volumes were lent to 156 persons. A catalogue of 12 pages was printed in 1829. There is an extensive collection of mineralogical and geological specimens in the museum. The ATHENIAN and PHILOMATHEAN libraries contain 2772 volumes. The whole number in the College has nearly doubled in the last five years. 01110. 311 " The Ohio University is the oldest institution of the kind in the State. It was chartered by the Legislature of Ohio, in the year 1804. Its graduates are found among the most distinguished men in our country. The College edifices are large and commodious, and afford ample room for the accommodation of 200 students. The campus, in which the College buildings are situated, contains 10 acres, filled with a great variety of forest and ornamental trees." ATHENIAN LITERARY SOCIETY (OHIO UNIVERSITY). (1856.) 300 vols. Incorporated December 19, 1836. Members pay $1 when admitted, and 50 cents at the commencement of each College term. BEREA. BALDWIN UNIVERSITY. "Baldwin Institute was established in 1846, by the gift of a building and lands to the North Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for educational purposes, by John Baldwin, Esq. This grant included a valuable stone quarry, which has been a regular source of income. "Considering that an institution of still higher grade, under the patronage of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was needed in the Western Reserve, the trustees, acting under the direction of the Conference, recently effected a change of charter, by which university powers were secured. In addition to the grindstone quarry, the land fund and subscriptions amount to $30,000. This is regarded as the beginning of a permanent and liberal endowment, which the trustees are making active and successful efforts to complete. " Three spacious buildings are now occupied by the institution. The'North' and'South' Halls, are three-story brick buildings, 40 feet by 70. The one to be occupied, during the ensuing year, by gentlemen, and the other by ladies, who board in the institution.'Baldwin Hall' is a four-story stone building, arranged and furnished for the accommodation of students who desire to board themselves. A new brick build '312 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. ing,'Wallace Hall,' will be ready for occupancy in the early part of the ensuing College year." CENTRAL COLLEGE. CENTRAL COLLEGE. (1857.) 600 vols. Founded in 1843. Students pay 25 cents a year for the library. It is always open. 588 volumes are in English, 5 German, 2 Hebrew, and 5 Oriental. The library of the College, together with those of two Societies, contains 600 volumes. CHILICOTHE. YOUNG MEN'S GYMNASIUM AND LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1000 vols. Organized in 1855. The library was started in 1856. Average annual amount expended for books in 1856-'57, $200. Average annual number of volumes added to the library since commencement, 500. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers including periodicals, about 2000. Extract from a circular of the Association: " We are now regularly receiving forty-two periodicals, any of which members may take from the library any evening and return any evening-the library room being open every evening for that purpose —without charge; provided, only that they are not retained longer than two weeks without renewal. Thus, members have the use of the most valuable periodicals of England and America, costing, at publishers' prices, $123 75 per annum, while the expense to members is less than the cost of some single ones. TERMS OF MEMBERSHIP. To the Gymnasium alone,.. $5 00 To the Library alone,...... 5 00 To the entire privileges of both,.... 5 00 "The above is not a misprint. It is published because there have been so many inquiries as to whether -one branch of the institution could be used without paying for the other. If the library is subscribed to, we OHIO. 313 give the use of the gymnasium, without additional charge, and vice versa. Is not $5 a small tax for the privileges of either?" CINCINNATI. CINCINNATI HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Organized August, 1844. In 1849, this Society was united with the State Historical Society. It has a library containing much very rare and valuable historical material, books, maps, charts, &c. It has published several important works. (See Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio.) ECLECTIC MEDICAL INSTITUTE. (1857.) 1941 vols. Founded in 1845. Students of the Institute, and physicians generally, have the free use of the library. It is intended for reference; and the books are arranged by size. It is open from 8 A.M. to 10 P.M., daily. On the 1st of January, 1857, there were 1941 volumes in the library; of which, 1800 were in English, 46 French, 16 German, 4 Spanish, and 75 Latin. The annual cost of supporting the library, is about $1200. FAIRMOUNT THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1857.) 4000 vols. The Western Baptist Theological Institute, at Covington, having been discontinued, this Seminary was founded in its place. The library and other property was transferred to it, and it is now in a flourishing condition. HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO. (1857.) 1800 vols. Organized December 31, 1841. In 1849, this Society, with its books and archives, was removed from Columbus to Cincinnati, in order to form a union with the Historical Society of Cincinnati, which would prove materially advantageous, and advance the design and objects of both. An accession to the library was thus attained; about 200 volumes being rare and valuable historic works. Receipts during 1856, $282 50; expended for books, $119 45; in 314 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. cidentals, $133 72. About 100 books are added annually. Cost of support, $200. Expended for books in five years, $300. LANE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1857.) 10,500 vols. This institution was incorporated in 1829, and commenced full operations in 1832. It is under the direction of the Presbyterians. The library, founded in 1837, contained, in 1850, 10,000 volumes, 4 ancient.manuscripts, and 33 volumes of engravings. It is intended to appropriate $500 a year, from the funds of the Seminary, for the increase of the library. There is a manuscript catalogue. The library is open twice a week, regularly. It is for the free use of the Faculty and students. Other persons wishing to consult the library, are always accommodated by the librarian. LAW LIBRARY. (1857.) 2729 vols. "Organized June 2L4, 1847. From June, 1852, to June, 1857, we expended for books, the sum of $5445 40. Before 1852, our records are defective, and the information cannot be given. For purchases since June last, the debts are not yet due. The average of the five years is $1089 68. "Since 1852, there have been added 1349 volumes (that is, since October, 1852), making an annual average of 270 volumes. This statement includes 212 volumes added since June last, and not yet paid for. "Our library is in the court-house, at Cincinnati. Books are never lent, except for use in the various Courts, where, perhaps, 100 volumes, more or less, are taken every day. We keep no record of books used in this way. " One fact in the history of our library is worthy of mention. Our books have been three times removed-once in consequence of the destruction of the court-house by fire; and yet we have not lost over half a dozen volumes in any way."- Geo. Ioadly. MEDICAL COLLEGE OF OHIO. (1850.) 2129 vols. The library, founded in 1826, contained, in 1850, 2129 volumes, 50 OHIO. 315 volumes of engravings, and the manuscript theses on medical subjects, by the graduates. It occupies two rooms in the College edifice. The books are arranged in 9 chapters, viz.: 1. Anatomy. 2. Chemistry. 3. Surgery. 4. Materia Medica. 5. Obstetrics. 6. Theory and Practice of Medicine. 7. Periodicals. 8. Miscellaneous Works. 8. Engravings. A catalogue was printed in 1832, but the library has been considerably enlarged since that time. The library is open Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from 1' to 5 o'clock P.mu. It is for the use of the trustees, professors, and students of the College. OHIO MECHANICS' INSTITUTE. (See Ohio School Library.) The first movement towards the formation of this Institute, was made by Dr. John D. Craig, in October, 1828. The Constitution was adopted November 20, 1828, and a charter was obtained February 9, 1829. A building was purchased in 1829, for $4000; but the Institute was unable to meet the payments; the number of members was small, and all the expenses were borne by.a few. After great embarrassments, for the purpose of raising funds to defray the debts of the Institute, in 1838, a grand "Mechanics' and Citizens' Ball" was given. It went off with Ecict, the profits being $2400. A Mechanics' Fair was held in May, 1838, which was also successful. In 1839, a building, erected by Mrs. Trollope, an English lady, at an expense of $25,000, was purchased for $10,000; and another ball given to assist in paying for it. This was equally successful. In 1843, however, this building was relinquished; and after various removals, the Society was located in a building of its own, on the corner of Sixth and Vine Streets. In 1843, the library contained 2639 volumes; in 1850, 7300; in 1855, 8000. During 1833-'34, 7900 books were circulated. During 1854-'55, 15,578. The value of the library in 1855, was $6100. The experiment was tried of keeping the reading-room open on the Sabbath, but it was abandoned, for the following reasons, stated in the Report for 1855: "The privilege became most seriously abused; in fact, it had become more a place of resort for conversation and amusement, than for mental culture and improvement; and the continued complaints from the librarian, of destruction of pamphlets, newspapers, and periodicals, led to 316 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. the determination to close the room entirely on that day, as an experiment; which has thus far been productive of much benefit, and has met the almost unanimous approbation of members and visitors." In connection with the history of this Institute, it is proper to state the unremitting labors of Miles Greenwood, Esq., in its behalf, and his donation of over $12,000 to it; and also that of over $5000 from lMarston Allen. A catalogue was published in 1857, 100 pages; 1000 copies. Annual cost of support, $2500. OHIO SCHOOL LIBRARY. (1857.) 13,000 vols. "The foundation of this library is due to the wise and liberal provisions of the School Law of Ohio, passed in 1853, which appropriates the proceeds of a State tax of one-tenth of one mill on the dollar valuation of property taxable for State purposes, to establish and sustain libraries and apparatus for all the common schools in the State. " The law would have given a library to every School District in the city of Cincinnati, but the Board of Education regarded this as an unnecessary and unprofitable diversion of the fund, and an arrangement was made, by which the entire quota annually distributed to the city of Cincinnati, was appropriated to establish and maintain a single library, common to all the districts." On the 31st of July, 1856, the Ohio Mechanics' Institute, for the sum of $10,000, granted a perpetual lease to the Board of Common Schools of Cincinnati, of the second and part of the first story of its building, together with the entire use of the library. During 1856, $157 were expended for books, for the common school and family library. The library is open from 9 A.M. to 8 P.M.; and the most liberal arrangements are made for the use of the books. A catalogue of 114 pages 8vo. was printed in 1856. I. H. Barney, State Commissioner of Common Schools, published a catalogue of books distributed by the authority of the State to each Township Board; in which, in addition to the titles, is given a brief notice of the character of the work. PHYSIO-MEDICAL COLLEGE OF OHIO. (1855.) 442 vols. Founded by A. Curtis, M.D., in 1848, and supported by voluntary con OHIIO. 317 tributions. The library is open every week-day from 7 to 8 A.M., and 4 to 7 P.M. There are numerous skeletons, models, and wet and dry preparations in the institution; also large herbariums of American and English plants; and a small, but choice, geological and mineral collection. A monthly journal of medicine, entitled "The Physio-Medical Recorder," is published as the organ of the College. "The professors in this College teach the doctrine that irritation, fever, and inflammation, are not diseases, but simply manifestations of vital efforts to restore diseased organs to the performance of their functions. They reject, in their curative treatment, all poisons, or intrinsically injurious agents, and recommend only those, the tendency of which, in the degree, mode, or measure used, is to harmonize with and promote the physiological actions. In surgical operations, they advise only those escharotics that are incapable of entailing permanent injury on the constitution." ST. XAVIER COLLEGE. (1850.) 5600 vols. The library was founded in November, 1841. It increases at the rate of about 400 volumes a year. The College having no endowment, nor any established fund, there is no permanent appropriation for the library, but only such as occasion justifies. The library is in a hall of the College building, 40 feet by 25. There is a manuscript catalogue. The library is open daily from 7 to 8 A.M., and from 4~ to 5 P.M.; on Thursdays from 9 to 12. The use of the books is confined to those belonging to the College; but by courtesy any literary, or other respectable person, may have access upon application. There are two Societies of students possessing libraries: the PHILOPEDIAN has 300 wellselected books; and the PI-IILHERMENIAN, nearly the same number. WESTERN ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. (1855.) 200 vols. Founded April 25, 1835, by R. Buchanan, J. Hall, Drs. Shotwell, Drake, Wood, Gross, Riddell, Whitman, Colby, McDowell, Marshall, Mason, Locke, Flagg, Joseph Clark, W. Ellis, P. S. Symms, W. D. Gallagher, G. Graham, Rev. J. I. Perkins, and J. S. Armstrong. Incorporated February 5, 1836. The library, though small, consists of valuable scientific works. 318 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN UNION. (1857.) 530 vols. The following statement is from the Annual Report of the Corresponding Secretary, delivered at the eighth Anniversary meeting, held in October, 1856: " In speaking of the Society itself, before referring to its operations, it may be well to premise that, although one of the oldest Societies of the kind in the country and in the world-having been organized and in operation upwards of eight years,-it has never been, and is not now, conspicuous for its size, having fewer members than many Associations of much more recent birth and in much less populous cities. Its efficiency and the extent of its operations are chiefly owing to the simplicity and thoroughness of its organization, by which a large part, if not all, of its members are made to become in reality active members. Thus, although the number of members is but 250, yet a large majority of them may be depended upon as efficient working members, it being the aim of the Society to furnish every one of its members with something to do, and to impress upon him that he is expected to do it. "At the tinie of the presentation of the Annual Report above referred to, the Society was contemplating a change of rooms, those then occupied being found inconveniently small, and not sufficiently accessible. The proposed change has since been made, and the Society has great reason to congratulate itself on the superior accommodations afforded by their new rooms. The rooms are open, as heretofore, every evening to the public, and some 50 papers and periodicals are to be found on our tables. Our library is not large, as the Society does not feel able, with its limited means, to do much in that way; but has been increased, during the past year, 130 volumes, and now numbers 520 volumes, and is steadily increasing. "The regular meetings of the Society are held bi-monthly, in their rooms. At these meetings, all the business of the Association is transacted by the Society as a body, each member having a voice and a vote in all matters of business. In addition to the transaction of business, reports are read from the Sabbath-schools, under charge of the Society, and two reports on different missionary fields, together with an essay, are also read by members appointed for that purpose. The only other meeting the Society is called on to sustain as a body, is the prayer-meeting held every Saturday evening, which was established some months since, OI-IIO. 319 and has been growing in interest and in the estimation of members ever since, regarding it as they do as the chief source of their prosperity. " The prominent features of the Society's operations are its Sabbathschools and Bible-classes for young men. The Sabbath-schools, nine in number, are located in various parts of the city, as far as possible in those districts most destitute, and not reached by church Sabbathschools, and it is believed that a large majority of the children taught in these schools would never, in all human probability, be reached by church schools. The average attendance of scholars in these schools for the year past, has been 802, although nearly twice that number have been enrolled, and have received partial religious instruction during the year. " One of the most interesting objects of the Society's care, is the Bibleclass for young men, held every Sabbath afternoon in the rooms of the Association. This class is conducted by a member of the Society, himself a young man, and although organized on its present basis only some three months since, and commenced with 15 members, it now numbers over 100 young men in regular attendance upon its exercises, and is increasing steadily in numbers and in interest. Here again it is believed that the Society, by the blessing of God, has been enabled to reach a portion of the community who in this class receive their only religious instruction. " In addition to these, its regular operations, the Society has, within the last few months, been instrumental in organizing a Christian Association among the German young men of this city. The large German population of this city, constituting nearly or quite one-third of its whole population, and the great prevalence of infidelity amongst the Germans, rendered the formation of such a society a matter of vast importance. A committee from the Society succeeded, some months since, in establishing an Association of German young men, as a branch, partially under its control. It has its own rooms and peculiar exercises in the German language, and bids fair to become a large and influential body. "The Society, this fall, determined to attempt, for the first time, a regular course of popular lectures on a Christian basis. A course of eight lectures has been arranged, and promises to be eminently successful. A course of lectures will probably hereafter be a part of the regular winter operations of the Society. 320 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. GERMAN BRANCH. "The first steps towards the formation of this Society, were taken in September last, when, at the request of a committee of the Cincinnati Association, about 30 young Germans, from the different Evangelical Churches, met to consider the expediency of such an organization. The project was received with great favor, and several meetings were afterwards held, at which a Constitution was adopted, and other arrangements made. The organization was finally completed, September 29th, by the election of officers. By the Constitution, the business affairs are directed by a Board of Managers, composed of the executive officers, one member from each denomination represented in the Society, and three members appointed by the parent Association. The number of members, at present, is about 60. Through the generosity of some friends, rooms have been procured and fitted up for reading and classrooms, and the former contains quite a number of papers and periodicals. A class has been formed for the study of the English language, and one in vocal music. Each meets twice a week, and both are well attended. The remaining two evenings are spent by the members in reading and study, and in conversation on religious experience, and other interesting topics. All business is transacted, and exercises conducted, in the German language, and a monthly report is furnished the parent Society by the Corresponding Secretary."- Quarterly Reporter, January, 1857. YOUNG MEN'S MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 17,541 vols. Founded April 18, 1835. In July, 1836, the Board reported subscriptions of $1800 for the purchase of books, and other purposes. In January, 1840, the Association procured the use of rooms in the old Cincinnati College. In 1841, the Annual Report was, for the first time, published. A catalogue was printed, showing 2800 volumes in the library. The number of books added was unusually large, being 1076, and the circulation reached 15,000. On the 19th of January, 1845, the Cincinnati College building was destroyed by fire. " In 1846, the third catalogue, containing the titles of 4700 volumes, OHIO. 321 was published, under the direction of Mr. Charles E. Cist, at an expense of $257. In 1848, 2089 volumes were added to the library. In 1853, the Association took possession of the rooms which it now occupies. The library is 45 by 60 feet; reading-room same size; connecting corridor, 14 by 18 feet; height throughout to ceiling, 17 feet. The shelves will accommodate 20,000 volumes. The books are arranged in cases, protected by light wire screen-work. In the reading-room, the wall surface of one end of the apartment is neatly shelved for files of bound newspapers, with capacity of accommodating some 1500 bound volumes of the largest size. A new and very splendid set of reading-desks has been constructed after original designs of the architect, light and ornamental iron framework, with mahogany tops and silver mountings, accommodating 120 files of newspapers. A catalogue, printed in June, 1855, 750 pages 8vo., contains the titles of 15,450 volumes. Its cost was $1191 for 1000 copies. The following table exhibits, at a glance, the progressive growth of the Association, as indicated by the membership list and library catalogue at the several periods named: Month. Year. No. of Members. No. of Volumes. April, 1835 45 none. January, 1836 169 767 1837 207 913 1838 346 1,159 1839 480 1,343 t" 1840 500 1,660 1841 541 1,809'~' 1842 550 2,885 1843 700 3,299 ":31844 592 3,626 1845 625 3,998 "~'- 1846 722 4,250 (" 1847 1007 4,786 ((" 1848 1144 6,106 1849 1517 8,195 1850 1697 9,804 6C 1851 1782 11,096 1852 1956 11,769 1853 2157 12,641 r" 1854 2381 13,839 185.5 2550 14,841 " 21856 2714 16,423 CG 1857 3113 17,541 21 322 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Annual Total Total Receipts from Receipts from'Receiplsfrom Statement. Receipts. Expenditures. Members. Lectures. Classes. 1856,$13,022 10 $12,588 88 $9,311 00 $2844 50 $497 00 1855 10,011 91 9,084 64 7,246 00 2236 00, 225 00 1854 9,501 93 9,478 77 6,512 00 1561 54 1057 00 1853 9,243 55 8,985 93 6,804 50 1929 75. 18521 15,740 74 15,570 50 10,651 00 2424 55.... The circulation of books during 1854, amounted to 25,000 volumes to 2000 persons; in 1855, 30,000; in 1856, 35,000. The directors find that many of their newspapers are mutilated, and that engravings are frequently taken from magazines, &c. In the year 1856, a marble statue of "Silence," from the chisel of J. Mosier, executed at Rome, was presented to the Library by Davis B. Lawler, Esq. The department of classes for instruction is not well sustained. The library is open every day, except Sundays and holidays, fromn 9 AM. to 10 P.M. The books are arranged by subjects. 1500 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $5000 were expended for books. Terms of membership, $3 per annum. 160 newspapers and 65 magazines are received frolm all parts of the world. CLEVELAND. BOARD OF EDUCATION. (1857.) 1500 vols. The city received from the State the following sums for the purchase of a library and apparatus: 1854.. $766 59 1855. 1191 44 1856.. 1322 00 $3280 03 Of this there was expended for maps, charts, and apparatus, $2087 79, and for a library of miscellaneous books, $1192 24. About 1500 vols. 1 The heavy receipts and expenditures of 1852, indicated above (as compared with previous years), were occasioned by the extensive improvements of that year to the property of the Association; the heavy liabilities being anticipated by the addition of a large number of life-members. OHIO. 323 have been procured of books that will be read. If the appropriation is continued, works of reference will hereafter be added. COLUMBUS. CENTRAL OHIO LUNATIC ASYLUM. (1856.) 275 vols. In 1846, there were over 600 vols. In 1856, the number had dwindled down to 275, of which only 31 had any reference to the subject of insanity. Those on medical and scientific subjects are 37 vols. The Superintendent earnestly invites the attention of the Legislature of the State to the deficiency now existing, and urges the establishment of not only an extensive collection of miscellaneous books, for the diversion of the minds of the patients, but full and ample collections on the subject of insanity, on the profession of medicine, jurisprudence, and the general sciences. INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. (1855.) 300 vols. The library of this Institution has been but recently commenced, and consists mainly of standard miscellaneous works, and those relating to the subject of the instruction of the deaf and dumb. It is increased by annual appropriations from the funds of the Institution, which are derived directly from the treasury of the State. OHIO STATE LIBRARY. (1857.) 18,123 vols. Founded in 1817. "The librarian is appointed by the Governor for two years. He gives a bond for $10,000, for the faithful discharge of his duties. The State Library is under the management of a Board of Commissioners, consisting of the Governor, Secretary of State, and State Librarian. 1" Members and ex-members of the General Assembly, Judges of the Supreme Court and Court of Common Pleas, officers of the State and their clerks actually engaged in the service of the State, and clerks and sergeants-at-arms of the General Assembly, have free access to the use of the books of the library, and have the liberty of taking the same out; but no public officer, or other person having this right, can delegate it to another." —Act, January 27th, 1853. 32T:4 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. The librarian, during the year 1855, had all the MS. returns of the census bound and preserved. A valuable donation of files of the "Connecticut Mirror" was received. The librarian remarks: " There are no volumes which are consulted more frequently or eagerly than bound newspapers, especially of early dates." The librarian is anxious to obtain copies of all newspapers, even if the files are imperfect, which were published in Ohio, prior to 1830. Every pamphlet printed in the State is carefully preserved. During 1854-'55, the State appropriated $4000 for the purchase of books. The receipts during 1856, were $1400. All citizens have access to the Library. The books are arranged by subjects. Nearly all the books are in English. A catalogue was printed in 1849, 12mo. 96 pages. The librarian receives a salary of $600 per annum. 18 periodicals and 16 newspapers are received. During the last five years, about $8000 have been expended for books. The annual cost of supporting the library is $1000. DELAWARE. OHIO WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 6300 vols. Founded in 1845. In 1846, there were 1000 volumes; in 1847, 1300; in 1848, 1800; in 1849, 2000; in 1850, 2000. 5670 volumes are in English, 147 French, 58 German, 289 Latin, 120 Greek, 16 Oriental. There is no printed catalogue. 5 reviews and 12 papers are taken. During the last five years, $7500 were expended for books. " The library building was erected at a cost of about $17,500; and is heated by a furnace in the basement story. There are four halls, besides the library room, at present devoted to the use of the students' societies. The library room proper is about 70 feet by 60 in size, and 25 feet high, with double galleries and alcoves. It is well lighted, and is conveniently arranged for comfort and use. The majority of the books are recent purchases, made on the foundation of William Sturges, Esq., of Putnam, Ohio." DAYTON. DAYTON LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 3724 vols. "This Association was organized in December, 1846, and now pos OHIO. 325 sesses one of the best miscellaneous public libraries in the 5West. It contains more than 3700 volumes, all of which have been selected with discriminating judgment, and comprise the best standard works upon history, biography, the natural sciences, mechanic arts, and fiction, together with a large number of books upon miscellaneous subjects. "It is located in an elegant and commodious room, especially built for the purpose, in Phillips's Building, on the corner of Main and Second Streets, and furnished, originally, by subscription, at an expense of $2000. " In connection with the library, and in the same apartment, there is a reading-room department, where all the leading newspapers of the country are kept on file, and all the foreign and home publications are regularly received. "These rooms are open daily, except Sundays, from 8 o'clock A.M. to 9 o'clock P.M., and a librarian is in constant attendance at an annual salary. "' The price of membership of the Association, with the privileges of the library department alone, is $3 per annum; and with the privileges of the library and reading-room together, $5 per annum. "The $3 membership entitles a person to draw two books from the library every week for the entire year, or they may be drawn by any member of his family. In addition to this, it gives the privilege of guaranteeing for any minor, who may draw books, under certain regulations, for the same length of time.."The 85 membership, in addition to the above privileges, gives the subscriber access to all the newspapers and periodicals received at the library rooms. " The number of members of the Association is now about 458; but in a city containing so large and intelligent a population as that of Dayton, it is not doubted that the membership can be increased at least threefold by properly bringing the merits of the institution before the people. "Not less than 250 minors are now enabled, every week, to avail themselves of the incalculable benefits of this institution. Its beneficial influence, in this respect alone, ought to commend it at once to the hearty support of every good citizen. "Every subscriber, in effect, purchases a library of nearly 4000 volumes, and has it taken care of for him, for the trifling sum of $3 a year —less than he pays for a single newspaper. 326 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. "As an institution conferring honor and reputation upon the city, it commends itself to the favor of the people. Any member may introduce a visitor from abroad, who thereby becomes entitled to the privileges of the room during his temporary stay." Receipts during 1856, $2100; expenditures, $1950. Annual cost of support, about $1000. During the last five years, $800 have been expended for books. About 100 volumes are added yearly. During 1856, 10,000 volumes were lent to 500 persons. All the books are in English. No catalogue has been printed. GAMBIER. KENYON COLLEGE AND THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF THE DIOCESE OF OHIO. (1857.) 6000 vols. "The original object in founding these institutions was the rearing up of ministers of the Gospel in the midst of the habits and circumstances, and with all the facilities of economy peculiar to the Western country, with especial reference to Western wants. The first incorporation, therefore, was under the name of the'Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio;" and in this character, the institution was opened for elementary instruction, at Worthington, near Columbus, in 1825.' Subsequently, as pupils in elementary science and the classics increased, an act of the Legislature was obtained, by which the president and professors of said Seminary, were constituted the Faculty of a College, by the name of Kenyon College; and by a concurrent act of the Convention of 1826, the institution, thus modified and enlarged, was transferred from Worthington to Gambier, its present site. t" In this arrangement, however, the original object of the institution was not changed. Its aim was still to furnish, on the most economical plan, such an education, whether in elementary or other branches, as is required in a thorough preparation for the ministry; and as a College course became necessary for this purpose, it was believed-and the belief has been fully realized, that by throwing open the College and its auxiliary institutions for the reception of pupils at large, the two departments would mutually aid and promote each other. "The operations of the institution, as a Seminary of learning, for some years after its transfer to Gambier, as well as at Worthington OIO. 327 before, were, under the circumstances of its organization, almost exclusively academic; and in this department, therefore, were instituted the first professorships. That of Latin and Greek, the first in order, was filled as early as the year 1825, while the institution was still at Worthington; that of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy in 1829; Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and Chemistry, in 1830; and Rhetoric, History, &c., in 1834. " In the Theological Department the first professorship, that of Systematic Divinity, was filled in 1830; Ecclesiastical Polity, Pastoral Divinity, and Sacred Literature, in 1838; and Ecclesiastical History in 1837." "There is no library peculiarly belonging to Kenyon College, though, at some future day, a division will take place, giving to the Collegiate department of the Seminary, a share of the books. "K enyon College is merely one of the departments of the Theological Seminary. Connected with Kenyon College are two society libraries: the PPHILOMATHESIAN SOCIETY, 3040 volumes; and the Nu PI KAPPA SOCIETY, 3000 volumes. " The Theological Seminary and College library was collected in England, by Bishop Chase. One matter worthy of note: we have the Bible in 56 languages, ancient and modern."-Rev. J. H C. Bonte. 2000 volumes were lent during 1854, to 150 persons. 6000 volumes are in English, 40 French, 20 German, 10 Spanish, 2 Indian, 100 Latin, 90 Greek, 50 Hebrew, and 20 Oriental. The library is kept in the building of the Theological Seminary, and occupies a room 40 feet long, 18 feet wide, and 12 feet high. A catalogue was printed in 1837, containing 76 pages 8vo. The library is open one hour each week, and is free to the members of the College and Seminary. PHILOMATHESIAN SOCIETY (KENYON COLLEGE). (1857.) 3040 vols. Founded December, 1828. Members of the Society, the faculty and ladies have the use of the library gratis, but members of all other societies and 1male residents of Gambier, pay 25 cents per College term of 3 months. The library is open on Wednesdays and Saturdays from 1 to 2 P.M. In 1854, 1633 vols. were taken out by 120 persons. The 328 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. books are of a miscellaneous character, and arranged " according to the style of binding." About 200 vols. are added yearly. A catalogue was printed in 1853, 600 copies Svo., at a cost of $125. Two catalogues had been printed previously, in 1834 and 1850. The receipts during 1854 were, $90 37; and expenditures nearly the same. A number of the leading periodicals are taken. NU PI KAPPA SOCIETY (KENYON COLLEGE). (1857.) 3000 vols. Founded in 1832. The library is open on Wednesday and Saturday from 1 to 2 P.m., free to the students, $1 per annum to citizens. The books are arranged by subjects. During 1856, 7000 vols. were lent to 150 persons. This Society was founded by the students in the College from Southern States, at a time of great excitement and party feeling. GRANVILLE. DENISON UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 5000 vols. Founded in 1832. Formerly Granville College. The faculty and students have the free use of the library, which is open one hour a week. The books are arranged according to size and appearance. About 100 volumes are added yearly. $500 have been expended for books during the last five years. The annual cost of supporting the library is $100. /HILZLSBO1ROUGH. OAKLAND FEMALE SEMINARY. (1856.) 650 vols. Founded in 1840 by the teachers and pupils of the Oakland Female Seminary. All who pay $1 in advance and afterwards 75 cents a year, are entitled to use the library. A catalogue, 8 pages, was printed in 1848. SIGOURNEY LIBRARY. (1856.) 100 vols. This is also in connection with the Oakland Female Seminary. OHIO. 329 HUDSON. WESTERN RESERVE COLLEGE. (1857.) 7634 vols. The college library was founded in 1826. The average annual increase for the last ten years has been 133 volumes, mostly donations. About $50 a year have been appropriated for books. A brick building, 62 feet by 42, was erected for a chapel and library. The library-room is 40 feet square. The library is open each Saturday afternoon. The faculty use the books without charge. The students pay $1 50 per annuml. About 1000 books are lent out each year. PHI DELTA SOCIETY (WESTERN RESERVE COLLEGE). (1857.) 2204 vols. Founded March, 1840. Members pay $1 50 a year for the use of the library. It is open on Saturday from I to 2 P.M. 1580 vols. are in English, 11 French, 18 German, 6 Spanish, 1 other modern language, 53 Latin, 51 Greek, 3 Hebrew. No catalogue has been printed. Four reviews are taken. PHILOZETHIAN SOCIETY (WESTERN RESERVE COLLEGE). (1857.) 2000 vols. Founded in 1828. All persons connected with the College are entitled to use the library, which is open an hour every Saturday afternoon. Terms 50 cents each, per term. The books are arranged by subjects. 588 volumes were lent, during 1854, to 62 persons. The secretary, T. J. McLain, Jr., states, " We think we speak not extravagantly nor unadvisedly when we say, that in point of the number of volumes, and the general character of the works, it will compare favorably with any of the other Society libraries to be found in Western colleges. Upon the library shelves are to be found many of the best works now extant, comprising bound numbers of the mQst prominent English and American Reviews, various magazines, valuable encyclopedias, together with a fine collection of the standard productions of English, French, and German authors." 90 vols. are added yearly. During the last five years $200 have been expended for books. 330 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. IRONTON. IRONTON LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 445 vols. Organized, December 5th, 1856. Number of members at that time..... 10 Present number of mlembers, 1857,.78 Number of volumes in library,. 445 Value of Association's property,. 586 59' The original design of the institution was to establish a well-furnished library and reading-room, where every one, at a small cost, could possess the means of informing himself. To aid in this object, the members of the former Library Association-with the exception of six, who received memberships in this for their shares-very generously transferred their interest in the books and other property of that society to this, by means of which we were immediately supplied with a good library of about 400 volumes. The Ironton Athenaeum also transferred all their property, consisting of the principal magazines, reviews, &c., for 1855-6, and furniture, books, and money, to the amount in all of $83 in value, to this Association. From these sources we have been able to commence under more prosperous circumstances than had we depended alone upon the receipts for membership, to purchase books, papers, &c., and defray the general expenses of the society. "The Board hope to be able in a short time, if aided by the liberality of the members and of the citizens of Ironton, who have thus far manifested great interest in our success, to make large additions to the library during the year." JEFFERS0N. HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF ASHTABULA COUNTY. Organized July, 1838. This Society has diligently sought out everything in relation to the history of the country, together with mluch of the Western Reserve and Northern Ohio, and has several valuable MSS., and a cabinet of natural history. OHIO. 331 MARIETTA. MARIETTA COLLEGE. (1857.) 9200 vols. ThU College library was founded in 1835, when the present College charter was obtained. Its average rate of increase has been, of late, about 120 volumes annually. The library is open for one hour every Saturday. The use of the books is free of charge to the trustees and faculty; the students pay $1 per year. " The first class graduated at Marietta, in 1838. Only one College in the West has equalled Marietta in its annual average number of graduates, and that one is situated in a populous country, near a large city. "A fact worthy of note is, that Marietta College has devoted but a small portion of its funds forshow, buta large portion for substance. Fine buildings are tempting, and colleges sometimes expend $20,000, $30,000, $50,000, even more, in the erection of a'show-case,' and then have but little of value to exhibit inside. Prudence and economy indicate the substantials first, luxuries afterwards. Marietta College has not expended over $15,000 in buildings; but its apparatus, its cabinet of minerals, &e., are very valuable, and probably no Western college has so large and so good libraries,-15,000 volumes, steadily increasing. " The present property of Marietta College is about $90,000; but one. half of this, in libraries, apparatus, &c., is unproductive." The library room is, say 53 by 25 feet, and 14 feet high. A catalogue of the library, 42 pages 8vo., was printed in 1840. "The College library embraces, in addition to works of. general literature, a valuable collection of philological works, procured in Europe. " It also contains a large collection of text-books, which furnishes, at a trifling percentage, nearly all the text-books used in the preparatory and College' courses; and a considerable portion of these are the best German editions of entire works. " In addition to these, there are three libraries belonging to the College societies, carefully selected, and placing within the reach of students a considerable amount of useful reading. "The present number of volumes in the several libraries, in 1856, is as follows: COLLEGE LIBRARY, 9200; PsI GAMBMA SocIETY, 2400; ALPHA KAPPA SOCIETY, 2730; SOCIETY OF INQUIRY, 815; total, 15,145." Dr. S. P. Hildreth has lately presented his valuable cabinet to the 332 PUBLIC LIBtRARIES. College. This cabinet contains 1" more than 4000 specimens in the various departments of natural history, arranged in cases and drawers, labelled, numbered, and entered in a catalogue under their respective heads." A catalogue was printed in 1840; Svo. 42 pages; another in f857. 6000 volumes are in English, 1100 French, 1000 German, 25 Italian, 700 Latin, 350 Greek, and 25 other languages. ALPHA KAPPA SOCIETY (MARIETTA COLLEGE). (1857.) 2730 vols. Founded in 1840. Officers and students can use the library without charge; others pay $1 per annum. The books are arranged partly by subjects and partly by binding. 2000 volumes were lent, during 1854, to 65 persons. Biography, history, and poetry, are most called for. 200 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $504 77 were expended for books. 6 periodicals are taken. Receipts during 1856, 8172 37; expenditures for books, $116 47; binding, $12 75; periodicals, $15 25; incidentals, $27 90. PSI GAMMA SOCIETY (MARIETTA COLLEGE). (1857.) 2400 vols. Founded in 1840. The annual fee for the use of the library, is $1. The library is open half an hour on Wednesday, and one hour every Saturday. All the volumes are in English. During 1856, 2700 volumes were lent to 115 persons. Of these, there were 876 works of fiction, 555 history, 489 essays, 312 biography, 239 poetry, 85 travels, 54 philosophy, 21 translations of Greek and Latin. SOCIETY OF INQUIRY (MARIETTA COLLEGE). (1857.) 815 vols. A catalogue was printed in 1850, 32 pages 8vo. MARIETTA HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. (1850.) 150 vols. Organized November 21st, 1841. In 1850, this Association had a library of 150 rare old books, a few volumes of old newspapers, and a quantity of old MSS. oHIO. 333 MAiRIETTA LIBRARY. (1855.) 1903 vols. Founded in 1829. The funds for the establishment of the library were originally raised in the form of stock; it is now supported by a tax on shares, and rent of part of the Library building. This edifice was erected expressly for the purpose about 25 years ago; and is of brick, two stories high, 38 by 30 feet, and cost upwards of $1800. A catalogue was printed in 1855; 300 copies, at a cost of $60. The library is open every Saturday from 2 to 5 P.m. Persons entitled to use the library, are the shareholders, about 150 in number; and the number of shares held by them is 530; the price of each share is $5, and transferable. Others than shareholders, by paying $1 per year, are entitled to draw one book at a time. About 3500 books are taken out in a year. OBERLIN. OBERLIN COLLEGE. (1857.) 5208 vols. Founded in 1834. Students pay 50 cents per annum for the use of the library. It is open one hour every Wednesday. The books are arranged by subjects. The yearly increase of the library is 200 volumes. During five years ending 1856, $400 were expended for books. "The number of students in 1834, was 101; in 1852, 1050; and in 1856, 1216. The average number reported by the annual catalogues of the last five years has been over 1150 each year. Of the whole number of students, 26 per cent. were ladies, in 1835, 33 per cent. in 1839, 37 per cent. in 1843, 40 per cent. in 1848, 44 per cent. in 1853, and 46 per cent. in 1855. The number of graduates from the college department has been 264, of whom 36 have been ladies. The number of graduates from the ladies' department has been 143. "Of the 228 male graduates from the college department, 134 have entered the ministry, or are preparing for it, 23 have become lawyers, 9 physicians,, and 20 have held appointments as presidents, professors, or tutors in colleges. " The whole number of Alumni in the theological department has been 152; of these 11 are deceased. Of the 141 now living, more than 100 are living in the Western or Northwestern States. 3 34 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. " The whole number of missionaries, male and female, who were students at Oberlin, has been from 70 to 100. " During the year ending 1856, 330 gentlemen and 200 ladies, 530 in all, were employed more or less in teaching. The demand is usually greater than the supply. "The whole number of accessions to the church in Oberlin, from 1834 to September, 1856, was 1070. Of these a great portion were students. 1" The whole number of pupils who have ever attended school at Oberlin cannot be told. The aggregate sum of all the annual catalogues since 1834, is more than 13,000. As a fact in the history of Oberlin College, it may be mentioned that for more than twenty years colored pupils have been admitted to its classes. Several colored persons have graduated from different departments. Many others have secured a good general education, and some have attained honorable distinction as men of thought and culture."-N. Y. Indepenclent. OXFORD. MIAMI UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 6500 vols. Founded in 1809. A grammar school was established in 1818. The library of the University was founded in 1812. It increases at the rate of about 200 volumes a year. Some appropriation is generally made for each year to purchase books: for five years previous to August, 1847, it was about $250 a year. Now, it is $150. The University library and the two society libraries occupy three separate rooms, each 32 feet in length, 18 feet in breadth, and 18 feet high. The University library is open every Saturday morning for half an hour, and generally for two or three hours every afternoon. Persons entitled to the use of the books are, —the faculty, free; students, who pay fifty cents a session; also the inhabitants of Oxford, on the same terms as the students. The number of volumes lent out of the library during the year ending October lstj 1848, is 489. This is, perhaps, about the average. During 1856, 152 volumes were added to the library. ERODELPHIAN SOCIETY (MIIAMI UNIVERSITY). (1857.) 1550 vols. Founded in 1825. " The library was continued from year to year, and OHIO. 335 enlarged by taxes on the members of the Society, who generally number from 50 to 100. The tax laid was different at different times, from 50 cents to $2 on each member. In 1853, the College took charge of the library, and the Society knows very little of the arrangements that govern it (which are none of the best). The College is bound, by a bond, to give back our books as we gave them to it; and we hope, when the University edifice will allow of it, to restore our library. It is composed mostly of standard histories, reviews, poetry, theology, and a few works of fiction, together with such public documents as the members of the Society, who are in Congress, have given it. "Although our library is not under our control, yet the Society takes an interest in all things pertaining to it." —Report from Society. SPRINGFIELD. WITTENBEIG COLLEGE. (1857.) 2000 vols. Founded in 1846. Open to the students, for reference, at all times, and once a week for exchange of books. The library consists chiefly of works in German. About 150 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years $600 have been expended for books. No catalogue has been printed. EXCELSIOR SOCIETY (WITTENBERG COLLEGE). (1857.) 2500 vols. "This Society was organized November 20, 1845. The founders were thirteen in number; two from Pennsylvania, the rest from Ohio. " During the first session of College, only a few members were added, in consequence of there being but a small number of students. The meetings, however, were interesting and profitable, manifesting that love of improvement which has conducted the Society to its present position. There were also other discouragements besides the fewness of members. The place of meeting was not very suitable, and as yet the Society had no library, and but very limited funds. The opening of the second session added an additional number of members. About the middle of this session, some of the members of the Society, together with several students who were not members, thought proper to form a rival society. 336 IPUBLIC LIBRARIES. Accordingly, June 26, 1846, at a meeting of the Society, a petition was presented by those members wishing to withdraw, stating their reasons for so doing. Dr. Keller, the president of the institution, being present, offered the following resolution:' Resolved, That the petition be granted, on condition that the funds and credits of the Society be equally divided,' which was passed. Accordingly, thirteen (among whom were six of the founders of the Excelsior Society) withdrew, and on the 4th of July, 1846, organized themselves into a new society. There were now rival societies, with about an equal number of members, and nearly on an equality in other respects. Both vigorously applied themselves in the advancement of their respective interests. The Excelsior Society, at the time of division, had not more than 20 or 25 volumes of books. At the session of the 26th of June, 1846, it was made the duty of the vice-president to collect and take care of the books belonging to the Society; a motion was also made for purchasing a book-case. By the energy of the members, this was filled in a little more than a month, and a second partly filled before the close of the summer session. The number of volumes was about 500. This was the result of only two months. The library was now permanently established, and the Society, by the spirit of its members, and timely aid of its friends, having succeeded in founding a library, felt encouraged to go on in its successful career. " The vacation was employed to such advantage, that, at the beginning of the next session, October 19, 1846, the members reported $250 in books and money. The Society, now having greater facilities for improvement, increased in numbers and interest. " For the first year and a half, the meetings were held in the schoolroom in the basement of the Lutheran Church. On the 12th of May, 1847, the Society first met in the hall of the College building, where it still holds its sessions, every Wednesday afternoon. The object of the Society is the mental, moral, and social improvement of its members. The advancement of this Literary Association has surpassed the expectations of its most sanguine friends. The books are arranged according to size. The library is open once a week for two hours. During 1854, 1680 volumes were lent to 70 persons. Receipts in 1854, $1163 72. 201 volumes are in German, and a few in other languages; 1908 in English. A catalogue was printed in 1850. About 30 volumes are added yearly. 01110. 337 PHILOSOPHIAN SOCIETY (WITTENBERG COLLEGE). (1855.) 2500 vols. Founded July, 1846. The annual receipts and expenditures are about $200. 2179 volumes were lent, during 1854, to 213 persons. STEUBENVILLE. CITY LIBRARY. (1857.) 1336 vols. In 1846, a library was formed, under the name of the Steubenville Institute; but in 1848, this was transferred to the organization known as the City Library. Members pay $2 as an initiation fee, and 10 cents a month; others pay 25 cents a month. A Board of Directors is elected annually, who control the affairs of the Library. The room is open from 6 to S P.M., on Tuesdays and Saturdays. During 1855, 163 persons borrowed 1882 volumes. In 1850, a catalogue of 24 pages was printed, at a cost of $12 for 500 copies. The books are arranged by subjects. The annual receipts and expenditures are about $300. The library association is entirely free from debt; had, in 1857, 125 members, and is in a very prosperous condition. About 136 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $350 were expended for books. Annual cost of support, $50. TIFFIN. HEIDELBERG COLLEGE. (1857.) 420 vols. "This institution was founded in the year 1850, by direction of the Synod of Ohio of the German Reformed Church, and was subsequently organized under a charter froml the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, passed during its sessions of 1850-'51. Its first session commenced on the 11th of November, 1850, and it at once met with most encouraging patronage and success." During the last five years, $50 have been expended for books. The increase is very small. 22 338 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF THE GERMAN REFORMED CHURCH. (1857.) 2100. Founded in 1853. Receipts during 1854 about $50. The library is free to all, open once a week for an hour. During 1854, 350 volumes were lent to 25 persons. 1800 volumes are in English, 10 French, 150 German, 20 Latin, 20 Greek. No catalogue has been printed. There are about 500 pamphlets in the library. During the last five years $600 have been expended for books. URBANNA. URBANNA UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 3100 vols. Founded in 1853. The library is open at all times when the University is in session for the use of the students. Very few books are in foreign languages. As each book is received it is numbered, and the title-page in full is entered in the general register; in the ordinary record the title only is given. During 1856, 1000 volumes were added. During the last three years $500 have been expended for books. The University museum contains a good collection of the Phanerogamia of the United States, especially of the West, with a few hundred European species, a collection of the fresh-water and land shells and 2000 marine species, besides minerals, fossils, and specimens of ancient remains of the West. WASHINGTON. MILLER ACADEMY. (1857.) 400 vols. Incorporated in 1852. The PHILO and JEFFERSON LITERARY SOCIETIES have libraries of 200 volumes each. About $20 are expended annually, and 20 volumes added by each library. WESTERVILLE. OTTERBEIN UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 1500 vols. " The Otterbein University is a young and thriving institution, located at Westerville, Franklin County, Ohio, twelve miles north of Columbus. OHIO. 3839 It is under the auspices of the United Brethren, a rigidly anti-slavery denomination. A fine college building is in course of erection, and will be completed the coming summer. The institution is to have an endowment of $150,000, and agents are now vigorously prosecuting the scheme." —New York Independent, 1857. This college had no library until 1857. During the summer of that year, the institution accepted the overtures of the officers of Mount Pleasant College, Pa., to unite with it, taking its library, apparatus, &c. XENIA. ASSOCIATE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1857.) 2050 vols. Founded in 1794, at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, by the Associate Presbyterian Synod. In 1855, the Seminary was removed to Xenia, Greene County, Ohio, and new buildings were erected for the accommodation of the institution. The annual expenditures for the library amount to about $200; the librarian receiving a salary of $25. The books are arranged partly by subjects, and partly by size. The library is open every Saturday, from 8 to 10 A.M., and at other times, at the option of the librarian. There are 10 French, 4 German, 1 Spanish, 1 Persian, 293 Latin, 37 Greek, and 73 Hebrew books in the library; all the rest being in English. A catalogue was printed in 1854, at a cost of $28 for 395 copies. About 15 newspapers are taken. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $75. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 100. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 1500. The following historical sketch, from a recent Report, is interesting, as giving an account of the establishment of the first Protestant Theological Seminary in America. "We are not, at present, in possession of such materials as would be requisite in giving a minute detail of the early history of the Associate Theological Seminary. It is a subject which appears to have engaged the attention of the Church at an early period. In the year 1764, it was agitated in the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania, and in November of that same year, the Presbytery agreed to petition the Synod in Scotland to send them some one qualified to teach the'Languages and Philosophy.' In 1778, the Rev. John Smith was appointed to' direct the studies of such young men as were preparing to pursue their studies with a view to the holy ministry.' The Seminary was discon 340 PUBLIC,IBRARIES. tinued in 1782, in consequence of the union which gave rise to the Associate Reformed Synod, and greatly reduced the number of the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania. But in 1794, the Rev. John Anderson, DID., was appointed Professor of Theology, and the location of the Seminary selected to suit his convenience. This was Service Creek, Beaver County, Pennsylvania. There a building was erected; a professor appointed; a library collected, quite extensive for those days, comprising about 800 volumes. Thceology was made the exclusive study and an institution was founded possessing every requisite to entitle it to the name of a Theological Seminary; and thus, in the woods of Western Pennsylvania, was established the first Protestant Theological Seminary founded oni the Western Continent. To show that this assertion is historically correct, we subjoin the following account of the public organization of the seminaries of other churches, taken from a sermon preached by Dr. Bradford, of Albany, before the- Superintendent of the Seminary of the Reformed Dutch Church, in 1813. He gives the dates as follows: Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church, 1804, Reformed Dutch Church, 1810; General Assembly, 1812; and Andover, 1808. " Dr. Anderson continued to fill the chair of Professor of Theology, till the year 1818, when the gathering infirmities of age induced him to resign. At the next meeting of Synod, held in Huntingdon, May, 1819, it was agreed that two Theological Seminaries should be established, to be called the Eastern and Western. Philadelphia was selected as the site of the Eastern, and the Rev. John Banks, D.D., was chosen Professor. At the next meeting of Synod, in 1.821, Canonsburg was selected as the location of the W;Testern Seminary, and the Rev. James Ramsey, D.D., was appointed Professor. After the death of Dr. Banks, which occurred in 1826, it was agreed to unite the Seminaries, and Dr. Ramsey was chosen Professor of the united institution. He continued to have the entire care of directing the instruction of the students, till the year 1833, when the Synod established a Professorship of Biblical Literature and Ecclesiastical History, and elected the Rev. David Carson to fill this chair. It pleased God, however, in his mysterious providence, to remove him by death before he entered upon his office. In 1835, the Rev. Thomas Beveridge, D.D., was chosen to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr. Carson. In 1841, Dr. Ramsey, owing to his advanced age, tendered his resignation as Professor of Didactic Theology, and in 1842, the Rev. James Martin, D.D., 01110. 341 was chosen his successor. This chair was again left vacant, by the death of Dr. Martin, in 1846. The whole charge of the Seminary then devolved upon Dr. Beveridge during the ensuing year. At the next meeting of Synod, in 1847, the Rev. Abraham Anderson, D.D., was appointed to fill the chair of Didactic Theology; since which no changes have been made. " There is a very valuable library belonging to the institution, comprising between 2000 and 3000 volumes, furnished through the liberality of the Church, for the use of the students. Many of the most valuable of these books, it is believed, were sent by the Mother Church in Scotland, while the Seminary was in its infancy. It is confidently expected that the Synod will soon greatly enhance the value of the library by the addition of many rare and standard works." YELLOW SPRINGS. ANTIOCH COLLEGE. (1857.) 3018 vols. Founded in 1853. Students pay 50 cents each term for the use of the library. It is open three times every day. 2800 volumes are in English, 45 French, 10 German, 3 Spanish, 3 other modern languages, 85 Latin, 62 Greek, 2 Hebrew, 3 Oriental. No periodicals or papers are taken. $5000 have been expended for books. Salary of librarian $75. ZANESVILLE. ATHEN2EUM. (1857.) 4054 vols. Founded in 1828. The annual subscription is $3; or 30 cents a month for a less period. The reading-room is open every day from 7 A.M. to 9 P.M., and the library on Wednesday and Saturday, from 2 to 9 P.M. The books are arranged by subjects. 15 newspapers and 13 periodicals are regularly received. The receipts during 1855, were $769 93. The librarian receives a salary of $125; and the Secretary 5 per cent. upon collections. Three catalogues have been printed; one in 1831, of 20 pages 12mo., another in 1843, of 72 pages 8vo., and the last in December, 1855, at a cost of $60 for 250 copies. "The books are classed according to the nature of the subject treated 342 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. of in chief, and are catalogued in each of such classes alphabetically, according to the name of the author. When the author is not known, then according to the title of the book itself." The library increases at the rate of about 100 volumes a year. During 1855, 4289 volumes were taken out by 164 persons; and of the following classes: Biography, 643; ethics, 6; geography, 478; history, 276; natural history, 101; novels, 1423; oratory, 12; periodicals, 874; poetry, 142; politics, 18; theology, 67; technical arts, 6; all others, 243. The following books have been most read in their respective classes: NOVELS.-Ruth Hall, 26; The Attorney, 20; Lofty and Lowly, 19; Ida May, 19; Lamplighter, 17; David Copperfield, 17; Bleak House, 14; Queechy, 14; Wide, Wide World, 15; Pendennis, 9. BIOGRAPHY. —Life of Barnum, 24; Life of Greeley, 15; Pardoe's Louis XIV, 11; Queens of England, 10. HIsToRY.-Prescott's Mexico, 16; Prescott's Peru, 13; Hildreth's United States, 13; Hume's History, 15; Macaulay's England, 13; Bancroft's United States, 10. TRAVELS.-Bayard Taylor's Central Africa, 12; Bayard Taylor's Lands of the Saracen, 12; Bayard Taylor's Views Afoot, 8; Yusef, 8. POETRY, &c.-Tennyson, 8; British Drama, 14; Joanna Bailey, 5. There is a small, miscellaneous collection of geological and mineralogical specimens; also some bones of a mastodon found in the neighborhood. PENNSYLVANIA. ALLEGHANY. WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1857.) 9000 vols. "Established by a Resolution of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in 1825. Under this Resolution, Gen. Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, Hon. Benjamin Mills, of Kentucky, Hon. John Thompson, of Ohio, the Rev. Obadiah Jennings, and the Rev. Andrew Wylie, of Pennsylvania, were appointed a committee, to report on a favorable location for the Institution. Several sites were offered to the committee, and PENNSYLVANIA. 343 by them reported to the Assembly. After very full discussion and deliberation, the present location was determined upon by the Assembly of 1827. In the fall of the same year (1827), the Institution was opened with a class of four young men. Since that period to the present (1856), over four hundred students have prosecuted their Theological Course, in whole or in part, at this Seminary. " Many valuable modern works have been lately added to the library. The greater part of the large private library, 2300 volumes, of the Rev. Dr. Halsey formerly Professor in the Seminary, has also been deposited in the Institution, for the special use of the faculty." The library is in one of the wings of the Seminary edifice, on the third story. The base of the library is a floor projecting some six feet from the wall, with a railing on its margin. The centre is open from the floor of the second story. It was designed, in the construction of the building, for a library-room. Its material is brick, and its dimensions are 50 by 30 feet; height, 11 feet from the floor, and 23 or 24 feet from the floor of the second story in the centre. The books are arranged upon the shelves according to size. Around the ceiling, above the shelves, is a broad border, on which the letters of the alphabet are printed-one above each tier of shelves. On the margin of each shelf, small letters are placed in alphabetical order. On the back of each book is inscribed its number on its appropriate shelf. On the inside of the cover is this same number, together with the large and small letters, and the whole number as it advances, with the name of the institution. In the catalogue the books are arranged according to subjects; each book under its appropriate division, having the number and letters referring to its tier and shelf. Thus, by a reference from the catalogue, every book may readily be found, and, by the marks on the book, may quickly be returned to its place. The whole number is of no further use in the plan than to indicate the number of books in the library. There is as yet no printed catalogue, but a good one in manuscript. The library is opened, statedly, once a week, and kept open one hour each time. The professors and students. only are entitled to its use. By courtesy the use may be allowed to others. The faculty have the supervision of the library: they appoint one of the students annually to attend to the duties of librarian. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $420. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 630. 341 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. BYBERRY. BYBERRY LIBRARY. (23d Ward, Philadelphia.) (1857.) 1738 vols. Founded December 29th, 1794, by a number of young men, the principal movers of which, were Ezra Townsend, John Comnly, Benjamin Walmsley, Thomas Townsencl, James Walton, and Asa Walmsley. It is supported by an annual tax on the members. *1 The books are arranged by size. The library is open every day from 8 A.MI. to 6 P.M Ih 1854, there were 410 volumes lent to 41 persons. The last catalogue was printed in 1849. This library " contains many ancient works of sterling merit, and valuable works of more recent date, altogether forming a very useful and interesting collection. It is steadily increasing in size, and is in a very prosperous condition." Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $35 78. Average number of volumes added by purchase and donation for the past 6 years, 42 per annum. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, about 455. BYBERRY PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. This Society has a complete and interesting collection of the birds, animals, minerals, &c., of this locality. CANONSBURG. JEFFERSON COLLEGE. (1857.) 2000 vols. " The College library is not large, but contains a considerable number of rare and valuable books. The whole number of volumes in the various libraries connected with the College is about 10,000. Nothing has been expended for books lately. " efferson College is the oldest literary institution west of the mountains. It is almost coeval with the first settlement of Western Pennsylvania. It had its origin in a small' Latin School/' which was formed PENNSYLVANIA. 345 by the Rev. John McMillan, about the year 1780. This school was originally intended to prepare pious young men for the Gospel ministry; and some of the most eminent ministers of that early day received their academical and theological education in this humble institution. " After remaining for about eleven years in'the log cabin,' which its pious founder had built for its accommodation near to his own dwelling, this primitive school was removed, in 1791, to Canonsburg, where it was permanently established, and where a large and substantial building was erected for its use. Here, also, were educated many distinguished men and useful ministers, who may be ranked among the honored Alumni of the institution, although their names do not appear among the graduates under the College charter. The'Canonsburg Academy' grew up, at length, into'Jefferson College,' which was chartered in 1802. The whole number of graduates since that time, is 1362. Of these, not less than 575 have devoted themselves to the Christian ministry, and 35 to the work of Foreign Missions. " The whole number of students who have been in attendance at the College, is not less than 4000." FRANKLIN LITERARY SOCIETY (JEFFERSON COLLEGE). (1856.) 3679 vols. Founded November 14, 1797. Chartered April 11, 1848. About $150 are annually expended for the library. A catalogue of 83 pages was printed in 1854, at a cost of $115 for 400 copies. The Society had, in 1856, 121 " present," 1649 regular, and 264 honorary members. PHILO LITERARY SOCIETY (JEFFERSON COLLEGE). (1857.) 4029 vols. Founded in 1805. Members of the Society are entitled to the use of the library, free of charge. Open three days every week for half an hour. About $300 were expended for the library in 1854; $250 in 1856. A catalogue was printed in July, 1854. 400 copies, 87 pages, cost $82. 4000 volumes are in English, 4 French, 12 German, 12 Latin, and 1 Chinese. During the last five years, $1000 were expended for books. About 200 volumes are added annually. Salary of librarian, $75. 346 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. CARLISLE. DICKINSON COLLEGE. (1856.) 6250 vols. The library was founded in 1782. The increase is about 200 books per annum. The books are arranged according to subjects, following the system of Brunet. The library is open once a week for an hour, and is free to all connected with the College. There is no printed catalogue. The BELLES-LETTRES SOCIETY has a library of 6583 volumes; and the UNION PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, one of 7563 volumes. The latter has increased about 3000 volumes in five years. UNION PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY (DICKINSON COLLEGE). (1856.) 7563 vols.' The Union Philosophical Society, of Diclinson College, owes its origin to the enterprise of some students of the institution, who felt the need of such an association to qualify themselves fully for the duties of active life. They accordingly met together, and resolved to form themselves into an association for' mutual improvement in science and literature,' and appointed a committee, consisting of John Chew, Robert Smith, Thomas Peachy, and Thomas McComb, to prepare a constitution and code of laws. At a subsequent meeting, this committee presented a report, which was adopted, and the organization was fully completed on the 31st of August, 1789, by the election of proper officers. "At an early day, the nucleus of a library was formed by the purchase of books, and by donations from the members and friends of the Society. "For many years, the meetings of the Society were open to all who chose to attend them; but, subsequently, it was thought best to have them attended by members only, who were, by its laws, forbidden to disclose any of its proceedings. This rule is in force at the present time. "The badge of the Society is a white rose, worn upon the left arm, and its seal is an impress of Minerva, with the motto,' Sapientia omnibus prcestat.' "In 1844, some changes were made in the organization of the Society. Prior to this time, it was composed of under-graduates of the College, graduates, and honorary members. But, in order to strengthen the PENNSYLVANIA. 347 bonds of union between the graduate and honorary members, and the acting Society,' to promote the interests of the latter and of Dickinson College,' it was deemed advisable to divide it into two branches, the Acting and the General UNION PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETIES. "The Acting Union Philosophical Society is composed of under-graduate members of the College; but all'Unions' have the privilege of attending its meetings, which are held in its hall, on Wednesday afternoon, weekly, during College sessions. The anniversary of the Society is celebrated on the Fourth of July in each year; on which occasion, an anniversary address and five orations are delivered by members elected by the Society. " The General Union Philosophical Society is composed, " 1. Of graduate members of the Acting Union Philosophical Society, of Dickinson College. "2. Of such persons as, from time to time, have been elected to honorary membership in the Acting Society, and of those who may hereafter be elected honorary members of the Society at its annual meetings. "' 3. Of such under-graduates as leave the institution without taking a full academic course, and who have received diplomas from the Acting Society, according to the provisions of its constitution. "The General Union Philosophical Society meets annually on the day preceding the College commencement, at 9 o'clock A.M., and its public anniversary exercises are held on the evening of the same day, when an oration and a poem are delivered by members of the Society, elected at its last annual meeting. "The Union Philosophical Society has now been in existence 61 years, and 830 regular members have enjoyed its advantages. Of the deceased, not a few proved their worth, while living, by adorning the highest stations of honor and influence in Church and State; and, among the living, there are many names which, we are assured,'the world will not willingly let die.' The expectations of its founders and early members have been more than realized in its past history; and its present prosperous condition, though furnishing but little to narrate that would be attractive to any but a' Union,' gives promise of a glorious future.'Happy is the people whose history is uninteresting.'" 348 PU13LIC LIBRARIES. CHESTER. CHESTER LIBRARY COMPANY. (1857.) 1000 vols. Founded February 14, 1769, by an association of citizens, who contributed "30 shillings" each. It was incorporated March 11th, 1840. It is supported by sales of shares at $5, and annual contributions of 81 by each member. Others pay $2 per annuml. The library is open from 2 to 5 P.M. every day except Sunday. The books are arranged according to size. A catalogue was printed in 1845, 200 copies 12mo., at a cost of $16. EASTON. EASTON LIBRARY COMPANY. (1857.) 4139 vols. Established January, 1811. The founders were, Hon. Samuel Sitgreaves, Rev. Christian Endress, John Ross, and George Wolf. A catalogue of 98 pages 8vo. was published in 1855. The cost, $76 for 300 copies. The library then contained 4069 volumes, of which, 1029 were works of fiction, 419 Magazines and Reviews, 393 History, 334 Belles-lettres, 81 Theology, 3 Statistics, &c. 4010 volumes, are in English, 1 French, 33 German, 1 Spanish, 3 Danish, 2 Italian, 1 Dutch, 17 Latin, I Greek. About 60 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support 850. During the last five years, $350 were expended for books. The annual fee is $2. The library is open on Tuesday and Saturday afternoons for two hours. During 1856, 1860 volumes were lent to 60 persons. Works of fiction are "by far the most called for." Three magazines are taken. Salary of librarian $40. An effort is being made to raise funds sufficient to erect a large and suitable building, for the library, lectures, &c. LAFAYETTE COLLEGE. (1850.) 402 vols. Library commenced 1833. There are two Literary Societies in the College-the WASHINGTON and FRANKLIN-which have spacious and well-furnished halls. Each Society has also an extensive and valuable library. The BRAINERD EVANGELICAL SOCIETY has also a hall appropriated to its papers and library. PENNSYLVANIA. 349 ERIE. IRVING LITERARY INSTITUTE. (1850.) 1015 vols. Formed July 4th, 1839, and incorporated in 1847. The funds are raised by a semi-annual assessment of members and the loan of books. The amount will average $50 per annum. Voluntary subscriptions are occasionally made for the library. The Institute occupies two rooms in the court-house,-a large hall for weekly meetings, and a private room for the library. A catalogue, 16 pp. 8vo., was printed in 1848. The library is open every Saturday, from 6 to 9 o'clock r.m. The members of the Institute, and subscribers at $2 per annum, have fi'ee access to the books. The Institute maintains a course of free lectures every winter. They have been well attended. FALLS INTON9. FALLSINGTON LIBRARY COMPANY. (1857.) 1800 vols. Founded and incorporated in 1802. No book is allowed in the library "which shall have been written with an intention to discredit the Christian religion, or bring into disrepute any society or denomination thereof" Each member pays $5 initiation, and $1 annually. The present number of shareholders is 46. In 1855, 1119 volumes were taken out, making an average of 243 to each shareholder. The highest number taken out by any one was 82. About $25 are expended annually for books. A catalogue of 31 pages 12mo. was printed in 1844, and another in 1854. GETTYSBURG. PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE. (1857.) 3417 vols. The library was commenced in 1832. It is supported by voluntary contributions, but has a permanent fund of $1000. The library is open on Saturday morning for all the students, and on Wednesday for the seniors. About 300 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years $250 were expended for books. About 1000 volumes were taken 350 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. out by 50 persons. In 1855 there were 2000 volumes in English, 25 in French, 622 in German, 125 Latin, 175 Greek, and 25 in the Oriental languages. The College library, to which all the students have free access, contains many valuable works. The libraries of the two Literary Societies also comprise a large number of well-selected and standard volumes, which are regularly increased by annual appropriations for that purpose. These libraries are accessible to the members of the Societies, upon compliance with such laws as the Societies respectively enact. The College Library contains 3417 volumes; the PHRENAKOSMIAN 3100; the PHILOMATH1EAN 3000; the LINNnAN 100; the EDUCATION SOCIETY 250; the GERMAN SOCIETY 200; total number of volumes (1857), 10,067. PIRENAKOSMIAN LIBRARY (PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE). (1857.) 3100 vols. Founded February 4, 1831. Members pay 62- cents per session. Open an hour on Wednesdays and Saturdays. During 1855, 75 persons borrowed 1200 volumes. During 1856, 2700 volumes were lent to 75 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1852, at a cost of $60 for 500 copies. During 1856, $300 were expended for books, and $5 for binding. During the last five years, $600 were expended for books. 3021 volumes are in English, 9 French, 45 German, 16 Latin, and 9 Greek. LUTHERAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY. At the annual meeting, in May, 1857, it'was resolved that "every Lutheran author be requested to send a copy of his publications to the library of this Society." It was also resolved, r" that the Corresponding Secretary endeavor to collect the likenesses of all Lutheran ministers in this country, as far as issued." Annual dues, 50 cents. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF THE GENERAL SYNOD OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. (1857.) 10,000 vols. The library was begun in 1825, and contains about 8500 volumes PENNSYLVANIA. 351 and a few MSS. There is no printed catalogue. The library is open for the use of the students every Saturday, one hour. The constitution limits its use to the faculty and students of the institution. By courtesy the professors of the Pennsylvania College, located in the same town, are allowed the use of the books. The use is, in all cases, gratuitous. HARRISBURG. STATE LIBRARY. (1856.) 15,000 vols. Founded February 28, 1816. During 1854-'55, $1000 were appropriated for law, and $500 for miscellaneous books for the library, by the State Legislature. The Library occupies two rooms in the Capitol, each 40 by 30 feet. The Law Department contains 2200 volumes. A catalogue of 168 pages 8vo. was printed in 1839. Books are lent out to officers of the State government and members of the Legislature. Strangers can read in the library; but are not, by law, permitted to take out books. The library is open from 9 A.M. to 2 P.M., every day; during the sessions of the Legislature, front 9 A.M. to 1 P.M., and from 2 to 5 P.M. During the year 1856, the librarian expended $467 98, for miscellaneous books; $1006 28, for law books; $260 58 for binding; $248 50, for purchasing Pennsylvania State Law Reports, to be sent to other States in exchange. After much search, only one complete set of the journals of the Legislature could be procured for the library. The State librarian is appointed every third year by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. He cannot be removed, except for misbehavior or misconduct; and the Governor must communicate his reasons for removal to the Senate. The librarian gives bonds to the amount of $2000. He makes an annual rQport to the Legislature in January. His salary is $800. STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL OF PENNSYLVANIA. (1857.) 1200 vols. The museum and reading-room buildings are of brick, cemented on the outside, and are 42 feet long by 25 feet wide, and 15 feet 6 inches 352 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. high. A portico runs nearly the whole length of the front, from which there is a very pleasant view. There is a large and fine collection of books. About 50 newspapers are regularly received. By a resolution of the Legislature, one of the cabinets of geological specimens, made by the Geological Survey, was directed to be deposited in one of the museums. The collection is large, numbering over 5000 specimens, and is quite rich in the peculiar mineral products of the State. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 460 vols. Founded December, 1855. During 1856, $200 were expended for books. $300 have been raised towards the establishment of a fund of $1000; the interest of which is to purchase books. The library is open every Tuesday evening. During 1856, 250 volumes were lent to 40 persons. Travels are most read. All the books are in English. "The number of members is about 112 and increasing; but few, however, active and zealous. The regular meetings are tolerably well attended. Prayer-meetings are held every Sunday morning. A course of six lectures, upon literary and moral topics, has been delivered, and generally well received. Also a course of sermons by the pastors of the city, which have been well attended. We have a library of about 450 selected volumes, and in connection therewith a reading table, upon which are placed the principal papers and periodicals. Both the library and reading-room are patronized to a large extent."-Quarterly Reporter, April, 1857. HARTSVILLE. TENNENT SCHOOL. The IKz Literary Society has a well selected library. HATBOROUGH. UNION LIBRARY. (1857.) 5000 vols. Founded 1755 and incorporated in 1787. Nathan Holt left by will a donation of $5000, of which he directed $3000 to be given for the PENNSYLVANIA. 353 purchase of a lot, and the erection of a suitable building. The remaining $2000 is placed out on landed security, and the interest devoted to the purchase of books. In 1849 a stone building was erected, 33 feet by 40, and finished after the plan of the Mercantile Library of Philadelphia, in one room 16 feet high. The annual expenses and receipts are about $250. A catalogue was printed in 1847, at a cost of $40 for 100 copies. The library is open daily except Sunday. Persons may become members on the payment of $10 and an annual tax of $1. Strangers and non-subscribers have the privilege of reading in the library. The number of members in 1855 was 95. About 150 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support $42 32. During the last five years $1000 have been expended for books. Receipts 1856, $257 40. Expended for books $187 63; binding $5 85; periodicals $21 60; incidentals $42 32. 11 magazines are taken. HAVERFORD. HAVERFORD COLLEGE. (1857.) 2500 vols. " About the year 1830, a strong interest was manifested by Friends in New York, Philadelphia, and other places, for the establishment of a Collegiate Institution, where members of their own Society might be instructed in the higher branches of learning. Measures were accordingly taken for this object; subscriptions were opened, the site was selected, and an act of incorporation obtained from the Legislature of Pennsylvania. The buildings were erected and the school was opened in the year 1833. In 1856, an additional act of the Legislature was procured, giving the institution the rights and title-as it had always had the character-of a college. " The library of the College has been selected with great care. The number of volumes is at present about 2500, additions to which are frequently made. Besides a good selection of classical, scientific, and popular works in various departments, it includes the valuable mathematical collection of the late John Gummer6, the most approved Lexicons, and many of the best German commentaries on the Greek and Latin authors. "The library of the LOGANIAN SOCIETY, founded 1848, contains about 1000 volumes; making the whole number of books in the two libraries, 3500. 23 354 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. "The two libraries are complements of each other, books which are bought for the one, not being procured for the other. " This Society also has a museum, a gymnasium, and a carpenter's shop, with lathe and tools. This feature is not common to similar societies. " Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, for the College library $100, for the Loganian $110; total $210." Average annual number of volumes added to the library, College 30, Loganian 110; total 140. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, College 600, Loganian 1100; total 1700. The College has an observatory, furnished with good instruments. The whole cost was $7000. The instruments with which it is furnished are an Equatorial Telescope; a Meridian Transit Circle; a Prime-Vertical Transit; a Sidereal Clock, and Bond's ingenious and beautiful " Spring Governor." JONESTOWN. SWATARA LITERARY INSTITUTE. (1857.) 271 vols. Founded April 12, 1850. The object of this Association is to establish a library and museum, and to encourage such exercises as will tend to spread general and useful information. The following regulations for the library and museum may contain useful hints to those who are about forming similar associations. Some of these rules are unique:"The catalogue of books procured from publishers and booksellers. shall be placed in the hands of every active member of the Society, and they shall select such books which they consider useful. "' The Executive Committee shall prepare a catalogue of the books thus marked, to be submitted for the deliberation of the Society, and such books which are considered by the majority of the members present useless to the object of the Society, immoral in their tendency, shall be stricken out. " The catalogue approved by the majority of the members, shall be sent by the Corresponding Secretary to the bookseller, and inquire the lowest price of such books named. "If the aggregate amount for these books exceed the funds on hand, PENNSYLVANIA. 355 a special committee of three active members shall be appointed to decide which shall be omitted, to reduce the list so as not to exceed the money in the treasury; these books omitted shall be put on record for the next purchase. " The catalogue thus agreed on shall be placed in the hands of the Corresponding Secretary, and he shall procure these books in the manner indicated by a special resolution of the Society. Each book shall be numbered on the back and marked 50 per cent. above the original cost, and shall be stamped'Swatara Literary Institute, of Jonestown,' incorporated by the Court of Common Pleas of Lebanon County, on the 12th day of April, A.D. 1850, and a caution to the public not to purchase any book or books thus stamped from any member or members, person or persons whatever, whereas such purchase is declared null and void by the Constitution. "They shall then be placed in the care of the librarian, who shall give a receipt for the same to the Recording Secretary, on a catalogue prepared for that purpose. "'The librarian shall charge all books taken away from the library, and shall, in like manner, give credit when returned, by regular entries. Each member, on drawing a book, shall sign a receipt in the following manner, to wit:-'Jonestown, May 10th, 1850, —Received of C. Shade, librarian of Swatara Literary Institute, No. 107 (title of the book), valued $1, which I promise to return in or within four weeks, undamaged, or pay the value thereof in lawful money of the United States, without defalcation or stay of execution.' "Every active member has the right to take, after complying with the above rule, any book present, and keep it for one week, free from charge, but for every week longer he or she has to pay one per cent. on the value of the book. The first Saturday of every month all the books must be returned to the library. "Persons who are not members of this Society may draw books by paying a weekly rent of 6 per cent. on the value of the books, and by producing an order from an active member, in the following form:-'Mr. C. Shade: You will please give to A — B -, book No. 12. I will be responsible for the return of the same and the payment of the rent.' 356 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. "' The first Friday evening of each month, the Committee on Finance shall examine the journal of the librarian, to ascertain what book-rent is due by the members, and report the result of their investigations at the next monthly meeting. "The Secretary shall furnish, quarterly, the librarian with the names of the members who are in arrears for dues to the Institute, and they shall be deprived of the privilege of the library until they have paid the same." "The Executive Committee shall make collection of interesting objects on Art and Nature, and see that the following regulations and resolutions in respect thereto are carried into effect. "Those taken from Nature shall be arranged in three classes, viz. Zoology, Botany, and Mineralogy. "Those of Art shall be put up in a way to admit of free and easy inspection. " Each specimen shall be labelled with its proper name, the locality from where it is procured, and by whom contributed." "Whenever a member meets a paragraph in a book which he does not clearly understand, he or she shall read the same at a regular meeting, and its intended meaning shall be discussed by the members. " Each member shall deem it a duty to write, from time to time, an essay on some scientific subject, such as he or she may select. " These essays shall be read at one of the regular meetings, and then be filed in the archives of the Institute. F' Opportunities shall be held out and given for the delivery of lectures by members or others." Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, about $20. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, from 30 to 40. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 76. KING OF PRUSSIA. UNION LIBRARY OF UPPER MERION. (1857.) 725 vols. Organized January 1, 1853. Shares are $2 each, and the annual payment, 50 cents. About $50 are annually expended for books. Members are entitled to use the library; and others, by depositing PENNSYLVANIA. 357 twice the value of the book borrowed. The library is open on Thursday, from 2 to 5 P.M., and on Saturday, from 5 to 8 P.M. About 350 books were lent, in 1854, to 50 persons. In 1856, 200 to 40 persons. The demand is principally for works of fiction. The neighborhood is not thickly settled; and the library is not, therefore, as well sustained as it might otherwise be. It is proposed to form an association on the following plan: The stock to be limited to $2000, in shares of $10 each, to erect a building, and have annual courses of lectures. Two shares shall entitle a stockholder to the use of the library and attendance on lectures, without any annual payment; one share and an annual fee of $1 will give the same privileges. The income of the building to be divided amongst those members who do not accept or receive the privilege of the library and lectures; not, however, to exceed 5 per cent.; the balance to form a fund for the purchase of books, &c. LANCASTER. FRANKLIN AND MARSHALL COLLEGE. (1857.) 6000 vols. " This new institution has been formed, by the union or consolidation of two older colleges bearing separately the honored names which are now brought together in its single title. " Franklin College was created by the Legislature as far back as the year 1787; with special reference to the interest of education and learning among the German population of the State. To secure this object, the charter provided that the Board of Trustees should be composed always of three equal interests or divisions, one representing the Lutheran Church, another the German Reformed Church, and a third, the community at large, on the outside of these two long-established German confessions. Owing to circumstances which the Board had no power to control, the original purpose of the institution could never be carried into full effect. It remained at most a grammar school or academy rather than an actual college; and in this character its advantages, in the nature of the case, became local altogether, instead of general. It belonged to Lancaster, more than to the German interest of Pennsylvania. In the meantime, however, its funds were increasing in value, and forming a solid foundation for some more comprehensive and efficient scheme of instruction, such as its charter was felt all along to contemplate and 355 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. require. It was evidently necessary at the same time, if any such enterprise was to succeed, that it should go forward in some way under the auspices of one or the other, if not both, of the German confessions, which divided between them already two-thirds of the corporate rights and powers of the institution. This led to negotiations, the result of which was, finally, that the German Reformed Church consented to buy out the Lutheran interest in the College, and to consolidate it with her own separate institution previously established at Mercersburg, under the provisions of a new charter committing the whole to her special denominational charge and care. " Marshall College, the subject of this translation, was founded in the year 1835. It sprang originally out of the High School attached to the Theological Seminary of the German Reformed Church, which had been removed the year before from the borough of York to the village of Mercersburg. It has stood all along, of course, in intimate connection with this Seminary. The primary object of the institution may be regarded as one and the same. The Church needs ministers, and she is concerned to have them properly educated for their high and responsible work. It was her zeal for this interest which gave birth to Marshall College; just as Harvard University, Yale College, and Nassau Hall owe their origin mainly to similar zeal on the part of the religious bodies by which they were first called into existence. But though thus consecrated, as the daughter of the Church, to the service of religion as well as letters, the institution has not been confined in its purposes and scope by any means to the object of preparing young men for the sacred ministry. Like the venerable seminaries of learning which have just been named, it has aimed to be a nursery of liberal education in its most general form; and in the prosecution of this end, it pursued its course for 17 years with no inconsiderable efficiency and success. By the arrangement which has been mentioned, its history as a separate institution has now, however, been brought to an end. Much was to be sacrificed, in the nature of the case, by the removal of the College from Mercersburg. But this has been outweighed by other considerations, still more strongly entitled to regard; and the institution is at length merged accordingly in what is known now as Franklin and Marshall College, in the city of Lancaster. " The act providing for the union of these two Colleges was passed by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, in April, 1850. Certain terms or specifications, however, were to be fulfilled, before the new charter could PENNSYLVANIA. 359 go into effect; so that the first meeting of the Board of Trustees created by it, did not take place until January, 1853. The regular course of collegiate instruction began in May following; and the opening of the College was formally solemnized by a public celebration, held in Fulton Hall, on the evening of the 7th of June. "' Until April, 1856, the exercises of the institution were conducted in the building which formerly belonged to Franklin College. With some changes, especially for the accommodation of the Department of Natural Science, this was found to be both amply and conveniently sufficient for the use of the several classes. Efficient measures, however, were immediately taken towards the erection of new buildings. A fund of $25,000 having been raised in the city and county of Lancaster, a large tract of ground was purchased a short distance from town, offering the most beautiful site that is to be found anywhere in the neighborhood, on which the principal edifice, in the Norman Collegiate style, has been erected. It was completed at a cost of $19,000, during the course of the past year, and is now occupied by the institution. The dedication took place with appropriate ceremonies, on the 16th of May, 1856." "There are two literary societies established among the students, bearing the names DIAGNOTHIAN and GCETHEAN. Each of these societies has established already a handsome library of well-selected books, which is increased, through the zeal and liberality of the members, from year to year. These libraries contain altogether, at this time, nearly 6000 volumes. "The consolidation of Franklin and Marshall College involved the heavy loss of the splendid halls erected at a cost of some $10,000 or $12,000, at Mercersburg. The societies, however, were partially indemnified by the Board of Trustees; and have, in consequence, resolved upon an effort to repair their loss by the erection of new halls; the Goethean to be situated to the south, and the Diagnothian to the north of the College edifice. " The regular members went to work again with commendable energy and zeal, to collect funds; the citizens of Lancaster, the honorary members, and friends of literature and science, responded generously. One year ago, the work was begun; and now, two chaste, beautiful, and commodious halls are erected and completed, at a cost of $12,000." — Catalogue, 1857. 360 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. DIAGNOTHIAN SOCIETY (FRANKLIN AND MARSHALL COLLEGE). (1857.) 3400 vols. Founded in 1835. Receipts during 1856, $100; expended for books, $75; binding, $8; periodicals, $10; incidentals, $15. During 1856, 1500 volumes were lent to 125 persons. A catalogue was printed in May, 1841, 24 pages. The librarian is elected at the beginning of every College session, and receives no salary. MECHANICS' LIBRARY. (1857.) 1200 vols. Founded in 1831. Annual cost of support, $240. Nothing has been done during the last three years. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1855.) 250 vols. Founded January 19, 1855. The object of this Association is the improvement of the spiritual, mental, and social condition of young men. The By-Laws provide that "There shall be established at the rooms of the Association, a library of bound volumes, periodicals, and papers, selected under the care of the librarian; which shall be open every week-day, from 6 or 7 to 10 P.M. " The following means, in addition to the establishment of a library and reading-room, are authorized by the Association for the extension of its usefulness.' An annual course of lectures, during the winter months, on subjects calculated to interest young men; also, during as much of the year as practicable, regular lectures or sermons on Sabbath evenings, by clergymen of the various denominations who may consent. " A book shall be kept at the rooms of the Association containing a list of the churches in our city, their pastors' names, and residences; a list also of the Sabbath-schools, the denomination to which they are attached, their superintendents, the number of teachers, pupils, &c., in each. "At the regular monthly meetings of the Association, there shall be presented an essay by a member of the Association, on a subject previously assigned him; alternating monthly, with a written review of some book; the subject to be of a moral or religious character, not sec PENNSYLVANIA. 361 tarian or political, and in length limited to fifteen minutes; after which the subject shall be thrown open to the Association for general discussion. " No essay, review, or motion, of a sectarian or political character, shall be entertained by the Association, nor shall any denominational reference be made in debate. "' In case any member shall be about to leave this city for other places in which are similar Associations, he shall, on requesting the same, receive from the President and Corresponding Secretary, a card of introduction to the officers of those societies. " There shall be appointed, quarterly, a committee to visit sick members. When informed of the sickness of any member, this committee shall visit him, shall ascertain his condition and wants, and if watchers or other assistance is needed, they shall supply it, and report their action at each monthly meeting." About 72 papers and magazines are received regularly. LEWISBURG. UNIVERSITY OF LEWISBURG. (1857.) 3000 vols. Founded in 1851. "The corporation is worth, in lands, buildings, mortgages, and reliable subscriptions, over $130,000. Its endowment fund is over $60,000. Not a dollar of the capital is allowed to be used in paying current expenses, which hitherto have all been promptly met. The funds are wholly unincumbered with scholarships. "The SOCIETY OF ALUMNI is composed of all the graduates, and such others as having left this institution free from censure, may be elected at the annual meetings. Its objects are the promotion of literature, the preservation of pleasing associations, and especially the welfare and advancement of the University. "The EUEPIAN and THETA ALPHA SOCIETIES have weekly meetings for debates, essays, &c. Each has a convenient hall; and by an arrangement of the Faculty, will always have about an equal number of members. " The ACADEMIC SOCIETY comprises all such students in the Academy as may choose to join it, and are of proper age. " The SOCIETY OF INQUIRY comprises students from both depart 3G62 PUBIIC LIBRRIES. ments. It receives religious periodicals, and corresponds with kindred societies, and with missionaries in various parts of the world. At its monthly meetings there is an essay read in public, touching some important subject connected with the evangelization of the world. It has a valuable library of works connected with missions, and a museum of ethnological articles, to which contributions are solicited." MEADVILLE. ALLEGHANY COLLEGE. (1856.) 8000 vols. Founded in 1815. The College library is composed almost entirely of three bequests: the first, in point of size, by Hon. James Winthrop, LL.D., of Cambridge, Massachusetts, who died in 1821; the second, by the Rev. William Bently, D.D., of Salem, Massachusetts; the third, by Isaiah Thomas, Esq., LL D., of Worcester, Massachusetts. A catalogue of the library (130 pages 8vo.) was prepared and printed in 1828, by the Rev. Timothy Alden, who also compiled the catalogues of the libraries of the Massachusetts and New York Historical Societies. In the Alleghany Library catalogue, each bequest is separately registered, under the name of its giver. " In the catalogue, the intelligent will perceive that there is an extensive range of the best editions of the Greek and Roman classics, and of the ancient Fathers of the Christian Church; that there are books in 30 different languages, ancient and modern, with lexicons and grammars, and elementary books for studying most of them; and that in history, ancient and modern, in belles-lettres, and other branches of literature and science, there is a most excellent collection."-Remarks of Mr. Alden, Catalogue, p' 136. ALLEGHANY LITERARY SOCIETY (ALLEGHANY COLLEGE). (1856.). 350 vols. Founded in 1820. Members of the Society, and all students of the College, are entitled to the free use of the library, which is open every Saturday morning. The books are arranged alphabetically. About $200 are expended annually for the purchase of books. 450 books were lent, during 1854, to 160 persons. PENNSYLVANIA. 363 PHILO FRANKLIN LITERARY SOCIETY (ALLEGHANY COLLEGE). (1857.) 900 vols. Founded June, 1834. The members of the Society pay 12~ cents each College term towards the library. The library is open every Saturday morning. No catalogue has been printed. MEADVILLE ACADEMY. (1857.) 405 vols. Organized December 4, 1854. A library has been collected, consisting of standard books in the several departments of science and polite literature, to which the students have free access, by paying the nominal sum of five cents per term for the payment of the librarian and the gradual increase of books. It is designed to be a working library rather than one for show, and there are few libraries that are said to have so good a selection of books in proportion to the number. $91 53 has been the average amount expended for books in the last five years; and 135 volumes added. 1333 volumes are lent annually. MEADVILLE THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL. (1857.) 6350 vols. This flourishing institution was opened October 1st, 1844, through the liberality of H. J. HIuidekoper, Esq., of Meadville, who, with all his family, have been its warmest friends and most generous benefactors. The Unitarian and Christian denominations have contributed to establish this Theological School. The full course of study lasts three years, but students are admitted for a shorter period. The requisites for admission are a moderate English education and satisfactory testimonials of a good moral character. No charge is made for tuition or text-books. Indigent students are aided by donations in books and funds from the Unitarian and Christian denominations. The social, physical, and literary advantages of Meadville, where this School is located, are unsurpassed by any place of the same size in this country. During the year 1855, 100 volumes were added to the library, making the total number 5700 volumes. Adding text-books 1200, and private libraries open to the students, 5000 volumes, there will be a total of 12,550 volumes accessible to all who attend the school. 364 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Md:ERCERSBURG. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF THE GERMAN REFORMED CHURCH. (1857.) 8110 vols. The library was commenced with the Seminary, in 1825. The annual expenditure for books is $150. The books are arranged by subjects, and three volumes are lent for three weeks. The library is open every Saturday afternoon. It has increased at the rate of 400 volumes a year since 1850. 2500 volumes are in English, 100 French, 5000 German, 250 Latin, 200 Greek, and 60 Hebrew. NORRISTOWN. NORRISTOWN LIBRARY COMPANY. (1857.) 5000 vols. Incorporated March 18, 1796. Stockholders pay 81 per year; others six cents per week. It is open one hour every day. A catalogue was printed in 1853; 200 copies cost $25. The North American Review and Silliman's Journal are regularly taken. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $120. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 100. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 1000. OAKLAND FEMALE INSTITUTE. (1856.) 3000 vols. "On the 29th of October, 1845, the'Oakland Female Institute' was opened in a commodious building with but four pupils. This nucleus, however, gradually increased, until it was necessary, before the close of the first session, to provide more room. " The institution continued to grow, and five extensive additions were successively made, and the room thus furnished was immediately filled. "In 1854, the centre building, which completed the original plan, was finished. And in connection with this, every other part of the establishment was renovated, and thus to the whole, the uniformity and freshness of a new building was imparted. Since that time, the demand for room has been much beyond the capacity of the building to supply. PENNSYLVANIA. 365 " As now arranged, the edifice is 183 feet long, 41 feet wide, and four stories high; and contains 130 apartments. "' The chambers, of which there are over 70, are mainly calculated to receive but two pupils each, while a few are fitted up for the accommodation of four, which is the highest number that will, under any circumstances, be admitted to a room." $100,000 have been expended in establishing this Institute. The apparatus cost $3000. YOUNG LADIES' LITERARY AND LIBRARY ASSOCIATION (OAKLAND FEMALE INSTITUTE). (1856.) 1000 vols. " Under the auspices of the' Young Ladies' Literary and Library Association,' a reading-room has been fitted up, and furnished with many of the best religious and literary periodicals of the day. A library has also been commenced, which already numbers about 1000 volumes, of standard value; all trashy literature being contraband." PERXIOMEN BRIDGE. PENNSYLVANIA FEMALE COLLEGE. (1856.) 1000 vols. "Established in 1851, for the education of young ladies, in the various branches of useful learning. "In 1853, the Legislature of the Commonwealth, in order to extend its usefulness, and give to it a more comprehensive and permanent character, erected it into a College proper, vested with full university privileges, including legal authority to grant diplomas, and confer degrees in literature and the liberal arts. " The institution is completely organized as a regular College, and has been operating as such, for the last three years; having an efficient Board of Teachers, and all needful facilities for imparting a course of instruction, as full and thorough, as that pursued in our American Colleges for the other sex." PHILADELPHIA. ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. (1855.) 17,000 vols. "The hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 866 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. stands at the northwest corner of Broad and George Streets, on a lot of ground measuring 50 by 120 feet. The building is of brick, fire-proof throughout, and unpretending in its exterior design and finish. It extends 45 feet on Broad, and 115 feet on George Streets, with an elevation of 55 feet. When built, in the year 1839, the George Street front was 85 feet; but, in 1847, the edifice was enlarged to its present dimensions, to accommodate the Wilson collection of birds. The hall is divided into a basement and a single story above. "It is accessible by two doors; the George Street door opens to the library only; the front or Broad Street entrance is used, almost exclusively, by visitors to the museum. "The principal story consists of a single apartment or saloon. It is 110 feet long, and 42 feet wide, and is lighted from the roof and east and west extremities. On the north and south sides are three galleries, which, with the exception of the lowest, are supported b' graceful iron columns; four ranges of vertical cases are placed against the walls, and a range of foot-cases, at the outer edge of tle second and third galleries. Shallow cases are suspended horizontally on the rail of the lowest or flying gallery. On the west side, are three galleries and four ranges of vertical cases. The floor is occupied by three ranges of broad horizontal cases extending the length of the hall; and each is surmounted in the centre line by a series of vertical cases, two feet and a half high, glazed on both sides. " At the eastern, or Broad Street extremity, on each side, is a strong vertical case, containing the skeletons of large fossil saurians, imbedded in massive slabs of lias limestone. Above the case, on the south side, are suspended the portraits of William Maclure, William Hembel, and Samuel George Morton; and above that of the north side, those of Thomas Say, George Ord, and Gerard Troost, all distinguished members, and, during many years of their lives, official servants of the institution. " The basement is divided into five apartments: two on the west, two on the east, and one on the north of the hall or vestibule, connected wiflh the George Street entrance. "The northeast basement room is 9 feet by 16, and has a gallery with two ranges of vertical cases on three sides of it. "The east basement room is 41 feet in length by 40 in breadth, with a gallery and two ranges of vertical cases on four sides. Vertical cases form a central partition, which has a continuous gallery on each side. Horizontal cases occupy the floor. PENNSYLVAN A. 367 " The north basement-room is 20. by 28 feet: it is used as a workshop. " The southwest basement-room is 20 by 24 feet. It is surrounded by a gallery and two ranges of vertical cases. "The west basement-room is 28 by 42 feet. It has a gallery and two ranges of vertical cases on its four walls, and cases extend from the north and south sides, several feet towards the centre. This apartment communicates with the main saloon by a flight of broad stairs. "The south and west rooms contain the library: the sessions of the Society are held in the latter.' This brief description of the building will serve to introduce the reader to the several departments of the museum. " The collections are extensive in several departments, and, with very few exceptions, all are still in process of classification. The entire work of arrangement devolves upon the members, whose ordinary vocations permit them to devote to it only the leisure moments which most men spend in amusements. Only a few of them, a part of those composing the standing committees, are able to give any portion of the day to assist in this very tedious task. Every department receives a due share of attention; and though all advance slowly, enough has been accomplished to deserve high commendation. It should be remembered that no pecuniary profit accrues from the labor and pains bestowed in labelling and displaying the very many thousands of objects, which have been brought together here, for the sole purpose of diffusing knowledge among our fellow-citizens. * * * "The insects are arranged in boxes, made to resemble folio volumes, about two and a half inches thick; two sides of the boxes are glass, protected on the outside by movable covers, like those of a book. A label on the back of each designates the class to which its contents belong; and a catalogue or index is written on the inside of the left hand cover. The series on the shelves of the cases might be mistaken for a work on entomology in many volumes. The insects are secured in such a manner that both their upper and under surfaces may be readily examined without exposing them to dust or air. Before they are fixed in the boxes, they are exposed to a high temperature, in an oven contrived for the purpose, in order to destroy the vitality of those eggs or larva they may contain, which have always been more or less destructive to such collections. After the specimens are arranged, all the joints of the boxes are 368 VPUBLIC LIBRARIES. thoroughly closed with poisoned paste, which secures them from the invasion of ravaging marauders. "By this plan, the collection is kept in a perfect state of preservation, and is entirely available for study." "The library commenced in April, 1812, with a few volumes given by Mr. John Speakman and Dr. Mann. Among the early patrons of the library, Mr. William Mlaclure, R. E. Griffith, and Zaccheus Collins, were prominent. The donations of Mr. Maclure alone, up to the time of his death, in 1840, amount to 5232 volumes. In the year 1841, the library contained 7000 volumes; in 1855, 17,000 volumes. "Very few volumes have been purchased or received from public sources; almost all have been gifts from individuals or societies devoted to the cultivation and diffusion of knowledge. Some are received in exchange for the publications of the Academy. The donors are very numerous. Those who have presented the largest number of volumes since the year 1840, are Dr. T. B. Wilson, Mr. Edward Wilson, and Dr.:i. E. Griffith.'"A manuscript catalogue of the library was prepared by Dr. Hays, assisted by Mr. Keating; and, subsequently, the Library Committee, consisting of Dr. Samuel George Morton, Dr. Charles Pickering, Dr. Thomas McEwen, Professor Walter R. Johnson, Dr. Robert Bridges, and Dr. Joseph Carson, prepared another catalogue on a different plan, which was printed October, 1836. At that date, the library contained 6890 volumes, exclusive of duplicates, and 435 separate maps and charts: " The number of volumes for circulation is limited. It has been generally considered desirable that the library should be for reference chiefly, and the library apartment a reading-room, open freely to the members and strangers properly introduced. The use of large and costly works and periodicals, is restricted to the hall.;" It is remarkable that so large a collection of books should have been made without the assistance of a library fund, the establishment of which has long been deemed an important object. But the treasury of the Society has never been more than sufficient to meet the demands against it, for purposes and objects necessary to the care and preservation of the museum. "At a meeting of the 17th of March, a' Constitutional Act' was discussed and agreed upon; but the present title, Academy of Natural Sciences, was employed, for the first time, in the minutes for SMarch PENNSYLVANIA. 369 21st. This name was adopted on a suggestion of Dr. Samluel Jackson, at present the distinguished Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania. On this occasion, the members pledged themselves to a mutual support in all things pertaining to establishing an academy of natural sciences, and to share the expenses and responsibility which might accrue. They agreed' to contribute to the formation of a museum of natural history, a library of works of science, a chemical experimental laboratory, an experimental philosophical apparatus, and every other desirable appendage or convenience, for the illustration and advancement of natural knowledge, and for the common benefit of all the individuals who may be admitted members of our institution.' " It was determined that the founders, seven in number, should constitute a Committee and Board of Regulations, Management, and Direction.' " It was decided, at a meeting of the same day, that the origin of the institution should date from the 21st of lBarch, A.D. 1812, or the 37th year of the United States, and its anniversary should be on that day. Thursday was fixed for the meetings of the Board of Ilanagement, and Saturday for the general session of the Society.' The formation of a society, devoted to the cultivation of natural knowledge, from which the discussion of national, religious, and political questions should be excluded, had been a subject of public conversation for three months, and'many men of scientific acquirements and apparent zeal' had been consulted, and probably invited to join in the enterprise. But up to this date (March 21) only six had formally met together, and they found, in their small number, little to encourage them to proceed. They were aware of the difficulties and dangers to which they were exposed; but they bravely determined to push forward.'We cannot dissemble to ourselves,' say the founders at this time,'that unless we take on ourselves, among our very small number, a responsibility, as to character and expenses, that may and must be considerable, and, unless we make very extraordinary, zealous, determined, and persevering exertions, the institution must die in the nutshell, before it can germinate and take root: in fine, that unless we be faithful and honorable to each other, and zealous for the interests of science, liberally devote much time, much industry, much labor, much attention, and any sum of money that may be requisite, such an establishment as the one we desire may never take place, or not for ages, in this community; a 24 370 PUBLTC LIBRARIES. society of generous, good-willing emulation for the acquirement, increase, simplification, and diffusion of natural knowledge.' "About the 1st of April, a small room was rented on the second floor of a house on the east side of North Second Street, near Race, No. 121. The ground-floor was occupied as a milliner's shop. "' In this small room the nucleus of the present museum and library first appeared. Mr. Speakman and Dr. Mann presented books Mr. Parmantier presented an herbarium collected in the environs of Paris; Dr. Barnes presented a few shells and insects; Mr. Say, a few mounted birds; and Dr. Troost some artificial crystals, prepared by himself. Each member had given something; and, though the'display of objects of science' was'calculated rather to excite merriment than procure respect' at the time (April 16, 1812), when Mr. Say was first introduced to the temple, it was the germ which his assiduous care assisted in developing to the present extent and value. "Dr. John Barnes, who was the first member elected, took his seat on the 18th of April. On this occasion, the Board of 3Management, which included all the founders, retired to an adjoining apartment for the transaction of business, leaving Dr. Barnes alone to constitute the meeting of the Academy. " The rapid increase of the collections, and the narrow limits of the apartments at No. 121. Second Street, rendered more extensive accommodations necessary. With the approbation of the Society, Messrs. Speakman and Say rented the upper part of a three-storied house, on the west side of North Second Street (now No. 78 or 80), the groundfloor of which was occupied for the sale of iron in bars, and other forms. To these apartments, called the Hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences, the collections were removed in the month of September. " The increase of the museum required larger accommodations than the apartments of the Academy afforded. On the 9th of August, 1814, Mr. J. Gilliams proposed to build a hall for the use of the Academy, on a vacant lot in the rear of his father's residence, at an annual rent of $200; but this generous offer was not accepted until April, 1815. "The cabifiet and library were moved into the new hall about the end of July. The minutes of the meeting for August 1, 1815, are as follows:'Owing to the confusion of moving from the old hall, in Second Street, to the new hall, Gilliamls' Court, Arch Street, between Front and Second Streets, the members assembled judged it most expedient not to organize the meeting for this evening, and accordingly withdrew.' PENNSYLVANIA. 371 " The first period of the history of the Academy, extends from the foundation to its establishment in the new hall, erected at the expense of Mr. Gilliaims. "During the year 1816, a constitution was adopted, and in December Messrs. Mathias Morris, Zaccheus Collins, and Dr. R. M. Patterson, were appointed a committee to apply to the Legislature of Pennsylvania for an act to incorporate the Society, which was obtained, and is dated March 24, 1817. This committee received considerable aid from Benjamin R. Morgan, Esq., John Reed, Esq., and John M. Scott, Esq., in procuring the act of incorporation; and the Society acknowledged their services in a series of resolutions adopted on the 15th of July. "At the instance of Mr. Maclure, a committee was appointed, on the 4th of February, 1817, to inquire into the expediency of publishing a periodical journal of the transactions of the Society. This committee consisted of Mir. 1Maclure (chairman), and Messrs. Z. Collins, T. Say, R. laines, and S. Hazard; they reported in favor of publication, on the 4th of March, but the report was not adopted until the 11th. It was feared that a periodical devoted exclusively to science, would find too few patrons to defray the expense of printing, and for this reason it was anticipated by some that the entire cost of publication would fall upon the treasury of the Academy, which had been empty for a considerable time. But Mr. Maclure zealously urged the advantages which would inure to the institution, from a publication designed to make known to the world the labors and discoveries in natural science by members of the Academy. He himself was so confident of the success of the measure, that he inspired hope in those who regarded the undertaking despondingly or in coldness. The first number of a journal was laid before a meeting of the Society, on the 20th of May, 1817. It contains a description of six new species of Firola (with a plate), by C. A. Lesueur; an account of the Rocky Mountain sheep (Ovis montana), by George Ord; and a'Description of seven species of American Freshwater and Land Shells, not noticed in the Systems. By Thomas Say.' "The first committee of publication consisted of Messrs. Maclure, T. Say, G. Ord, R. Haines, T. Nuttall, J. Dulles, Dr. Coopdr, and Dr. R. M. Patterson. "The year 1817 was eventful in the history of the Academy. A charter was obtained, which gave the institution a legal existence; and the publication of the Journal was commenced, which was the means of opening intercourse with learned societies at home and abroad, and 372 PUB.IC LIBSRARIES. making known our own existence. An exchange of journals, first with the American Philosophical Society, and subsequently with other learned societies, was begun, and has been continued to the present time, when the publications of the Academy are exchanged with 12 societies within the Union, and 34 beyond its limits, in America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. No one act of the Academy has contributed so much to its prosperity as the publication of this Journal. "In November of this year, the Academy appointed, for the first time, standing committees on Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, and Geology. " The progress of the Academy was not very rapid; yet, at the close of 1820, the question of enlarged accommodation once more presented itself for consideration. The institution had sprung from inconsiderable beginnings, and pursued its objects in a retired and unpretending manner, and now in the eighth year of its existence, was favorably recognized by the friends of natural science, both at home and abroad. At that time, it numbered about 100 members and 190 correspondents.'"In the year 1823, a committee was appointed to consider the best means of obtaining better accommlrodations. On the 25th of January, 1825, that committee was discharged, and another appointed, consisting of Isaac flHays, M.D., William Mason'Walmsley, William Strickland, William S. Warder, Samuel George Morton, MJ.D., and Roberts Vaux. This committee was continued, and finally succeeded in establishing the Society in new quarters. "' On the 3d of January, 1826, the Society purchased a lot of ground and building at the southeast corner of Twelfth and George Streets, for the sum of $4300. It had been originally designed, and was used as a place of religious worship for several years, by a society of Swedenborgians; and, to fit it for the purposes of the Academy, an expenditure of $1.700 was required, making the aggregate cost about $6000. This sum was made up of donations from members, to the amount of more than $2000, the balance being lent by a few members and others. A debt of $3000 was thus created, and up to August, 1837, only $300 of the amount had been paid off.; At that tim'e, Mr. Maclure, with his characteristic liberality, presented the institution with $5000. The debt was forthwith liquidated, and $2300 placed at interest for the use of the Society. " The purchase of this property was opposed by some few of the members, who urged that its situation was too remote, and that in PENNSYLVANIA. 373 winter it would be scarcely accessible to a majority. And Mr. Maclure, when first called upon to contribute towards the purchase, declined on the ground that, though the property was at a moderate price, it would never increase in value. He urged that' the community system' must prevail in the course of a few years, and then Philadelphia would be deserted, and those who might live long enough would'see the foxes looking out at the windows.' But, finding his arguments did not prevail, he subscribed several hundred dollars. "'The Academy met in that hall for the first time, on the 9th of May, 1826. The edifice, commonly called the'New Jerusalem Church,' was 44 by 50 feet, and surmounted by a dome; the lot of ground on which it stood, was 99 by 45 feet. There is a representation of the old hall on the title-page of the sixth volume of the Journal. "To render the museum extensively useful, and to diffuse a love of science, the Academy opened it to the public gratuitously, in 1828; and, from that time, it has been visited by citizens and strangers on Tuesday and Friday afternoons throughout the year; tickets of admission being presented by the members to any who may apply for them.1 The Legislature of the State, appreciating the liberality and usefulness of the Academy, exempted the institution from taxation for a period of 20 years from the year 1831. "' Here the collections of the Academy continued to increase; the zeal of the members was unabated. In the year 1837, there was again a demand for increased accommlodation, which must be regarded as positive evidence of prosperity. " On the 22d of April, 1839, the Society purchased the lot at the northwest corner of Broad and George Streets, for the sum of $13,333, and on the 25th of May, the corner-stone of the present edifice was laid with the usual ceremonies. On the occasion, Professor Walter IR. Johnson delivered an eloquent and appropriate address, which was published by order of the Society. "The value of the premises at the corner of Twelfth and George Streets had appreciated very much, but the means of erecting this hall were chiefly derived from William Maclure, who subscribed towards During a considerable period, admission to the museum was without any restriction whatever on the public days; but finding that it became a resort for young children, who frequently damaged the cases and collections, it was determined to exclude all who were not provided with tickets, which could always be procured on application to members. 374 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. this desirable object, $20,000. $17,000 were reserved as a building fund, which was largely augmented by liberal donations from members and others interested in the cause of science. "The Society held its first meeting in this hall, on the 7th of February, 1540, and from that date to the present, the prosperity of the Academy has continued. "In March, 1841, the Society commenced the publication of the'Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,' a number being issued every two months, and furnished to subscribers at $1 a year. This periodical contains a record of the meetings of the Academy, which are held every Tuesday evening. Strangers may be present, except at the last meeting in each month, which is reserved for the private business of the institution. The other or ordinary meetings are devoted to the reading of scientific papers, verbal cohmmunications, the reception of donations, &c. &c., all of which are appropriately stated in the'Proceedings.' "A second series of the Journal of the Academy was commenced in December, 1847. It is in quarto form, and is furnished to subscribers at $1 50 the number. Six numbers have been published; four of which constitute a volume. This new series embraces, at this time, 45 articles by 20 authors, with 59 handsome plates or illustrations; the aggregate consists of 540 quarto pages. "The authors of contributions receive no remuneration for their labors. These periodicals are sustained by subscription, assisted by a legacy from the late Mrs. Elizabeth Scott. She bequeathed $2000, to be securely invested, and the interest to be expended in'printing and publishing such papers communicated to the Academy, as it may direct' to be published. It is expended exclusively on the Journal. "As already stated, the founders of the institution were seven in number. Since the 16th of April, 1812, when the first election took place, up to the 31st of December, 1851, 420 gentlemen and 1 lady have been elected members, making an aggregate of 428. Of this number, 112 became'life-members,' 38 of whom are known to be deceased; so that there are 74 members at this time exempt from the payment of annual contributions. Of the 317 ordinary members, 46 are known to have deceased; many have removed from the city, some have resigned, and a few have been erased from the list of members. The books of the treasurer show that, in the year 1851, there were only PENNSYLYANIA. 375 69 annual subscribers; so that, at this time, the number of members does not probably exceed 200. " From the formation of the Society up to December 31, 1851., 306 persons, resident within the United States, but not of this city, and 277 persons resident in foreign countries, or an aggregate of 583, have been elected correspondents. Of this number, 93 are known to be deceased. The number of correspondents at this time does not probably exceed 450. " Supposing that every member and every correspondent elected has done something to advance the institution, its present condition is due, on the most liberal estimate, to the joint liberality and labors of not more than 1000 individuals, in all parts of the world, in the course of 40 years. In that period, the population of Philadelphia has increased from less than 100,000 to more than 400,000; yet, from this great number of people, in all that time, only 428 citizens of Philadelphia have become members, and contributed to the advancement of the Academy of Natural Sciences, an institution for the acquisition and diffusion of knowledge, second to none in this city or State. " The institution is supported exclusively by donations, and the annual contributions of its members, of whom very few possess superfluous means. It owns no domain yielding revenue; yet, in spite of a mortgage debt on the building, of 811,000, it has thus far lived, and almost flourished, on means afforded by the generous who are lovers of science." A Notice of the Academy. AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION. (1857.) 6000 vols. "The American Sunday-school Union is a school-founding society, and the schools it founds, are designed for a particular class of the community; are restricted to a single day of the week; and are expected to furnish instruction in only one branch, viz., moral and religious truth. The gain to the general state of intelligence and mental activity, though incalculably great, is incidental. The officers and managers, by the charter, must be laymen. "' In the early operations of the Society, and for the purpose, mainly, of securing the attendance of pupils, and rewarding punctuality and good behavior, tickets were given, redeemable in little books (hence called, to this day, premium books), to be the property of the recipient. This being found somewhat burdensome on the teacher, and the ticket system, itself, having gradually fallen into disuse, the sensible idea was 376 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. conceived of putting the collection of books into the school as a library, to be distributed and returned weekly. "The number of suitable books being small, however, the variety then obtainable would not serve a school of 20 pupils a single month. The necessity of making them was, therefore, inevitable. And, as the schools to be supplied were, for the most part, organized on the broad, catholic basis of Protestant Christianity, irrespective of sectarianism, it was needful that the books for their use should be prepared on similar principles. A committee was, therefore, formed (exclusively of laymen), to serve the Society in this respect, consisting of eight or more members, only two of whom shall, in any case, belong to the same denomination; and it is the predominant feature in the character of this conimmittee, that each member has a peremptory, unqualified veto on every publication. Under this stringent arrangement, the Society has issued nearly 2000 different publications, about half of which are bound library-books, varying in size, from 36 to 500 pages 18mo. "The publication of this class of books was, for some years, almost exclusively the work of our institution; but, as the lines which separate the various denominations from each other became more distinct, and were more rigidly observed, the Sunday-school and its library were. enlisted in the propagation of their respective views; and now, the leading divisions and subdivisions of the Christian community have, each, a publication department, and the total amount issued from them all, cannot be much less than 100. So that we cannot estimate the additions made to the stock of juvenile books, in the United States, at much less than 200 per annum. I have not a doubt myself, that such a redundancy of books of this class is, in a high degree, prejudicial to the moral and intellectual habits of those for whom they are designed. "In the publication of our books, all responsibility is shifted from the author to the committee, but no book is published with the name of the author (living or dead), which says what he did not say, or suppresses what he did say, unless express or implied consent is first obtained to such addition or omission. " My official connection with the Society, is as editor of its publications; which office I have held for nearly 30 years. During that period, nearly nine-tenths of our publications have been imsued. I am a member of the Committee of Publication, and have a veto, in common with the rest; but when a 1MS. has passed the committee, it is my duty to PENNSYLVANIA. 377 prepare it for the press, and see to its progress, until the stereotype-plates are ready for the blocks. "I may say (to show the labor of our committee, whose services are gratuitous) that four-fifths of the matter submitted for publication, are declined, but not without examination. "In the discharge of these various duties, and in the editing of our two semi-monthly periodicals (of which we circulate between 3,000,000 and 4,000,000 annually), there is much occasion for books of reference; and whenever we notice the publication of a book, in this country or abroad, bearing on that department of religious literature, which lies within our province, we secure a copy. In this way, we have gathered a collection of books of a very miscellaneous character, and some 5000 or 6000 in number. Among these, we have probably the largest variety of books for children, which is to be found in the country; embracing every kind of toy-books, picture-books, and story-books (English and American); nearly 200 varieties of catechismls, and elementary question-books; and almost endless specimens of children's periodicals. " It has long been my desire to catalogue this collection; for though many of the items are very diminutive in themselves, they combine to illustrate the successive efforts of thoughtful men and women to impart knowledge and impress truth on the minds of children. When it is considered in how large a degree the tastes and habits of a generation are influenced by early impressions, this primary department of literature cannot be uninteresting; and the advances which have been made in it are very strikingly seen in a comparison of books prepared specially for children, in 1806 and 1856. " If I had the time, I should take exquisite pleasure in preparing a catalogue of these diminutive volumes, even the least of them, with full titles, authors' names, imprints, date, &c. &c.; and I am sure I could not complete such a catalogue without a conviction that it would reveal quite as much of the influences that have moulded the political and social fabrics of Protestant countries, as the folio catalogues of the British Museum. " You will perceive, that we have a'library,' with a'locality,' but it is entirely anomalous in its character. We have been kindly favored, at various times, with Government publications for our library. And hence, I felt bound to put ourselves in the way to be recognized in some form; and yet, as you will readily see, I could not reply in the forml prescribed by the circular."-Frederick A. Packard. 378 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. APPRENTICES' LIBRARY COMPANY. (1856.) 16,500 vols. Incorporated April 2, 1821. In 1841, a separate department was established for girls. The boys' library contains about 11,450 volumes; the girls' library, 5050. The annual income of the institution is, from members, $600; from investments, $950. There is a catalogue for each library. For the boys' library, the last catalogue (12mo.) was printed in 1854; for the girls' library, in 1853 (12nmo.). The library is opened for boys, on four evenings; and for girls, on three afternoons of each week. Apprentices and others under 21 years of age are allowed the use of the books gratis. The library is used regularly by about 1800 boys, and 1700 girls. Members pay $2 per annum, or $25 for life. The library is situated at the southwest corner of Fifth and Arch Streets. From the Annual Report of the Managers, presented March, 1848, we gather the following additional statements: "' Mr. Thomas W. Goldtrap has bequeathed to the Company $1000 for the increase of' the library. It is not the object of this Company to swell the number of volumes in its libraries for effect, either at home or abroad. The sale, a year or two since, of about 2000 volumes, will probably be followed by another when the present catalogue is disposed of. It is desirable that the libraries be kept fresh and attractive. Books, as they are now prepared, have a charm for youth, which the more ancient tomes do not possess; but it has been the care of your board to reject that spurious literature with which the market has been inundated by persons whose object appears to have been to make'a book, regardless of historical accuracy. No work of a known immoral tendency is ever admitted." About 600 copies of a work published by the Company, were, in 1847, distributed among the apprentices using the library. During 1855, 804 volumes were added to the library. The following extract is made from the Annual Report for 1855: "The first of the many institutions which now exist in our midst, for furnishing free reading to the young who possess not the means to procure it for themselves, our library continues to hold a high place in the public estimation; and deserves, as justly as it enjoys, the confidence of an enlightened benevolent public. In the progress of its history, the Library has risen from 850 volumes, when first opened, June 3d, PENNSYLVANIA. 379 A.D. 1820, to over 16,000 at the present time, with a constant annual increase by the steady addition of new publications; while its circulation has advanced from a correspondingly limited, but unknown, number of volumes, among 1088 readers in the first year of its existence, to almost 48,000 volumes among 3637 readers in the past year, diffusing far and wide, at the home fireside and happy family circles, blessings, and benefits untold and inestimable, to an interesting and useful class of youth of both sexes; many of whom, but for the attractions afforded by our Library, we believe, would have spent much of their time thus happily employed, in a manner less advantageously to themselves, or profitably to the community. From the time when the Library was first opened, till the present, as nearly as can be ascertained, about 38,000 persons have availed themselves of its privileges." The Board of Managers report that, during the year 1856, there have been loaned from the boys' library, 18,717 volumes, and from the girls' library, 16,253 volumes. There are now out 726 volumes from the boys' library, and 586 volumes from the girls'. In the course of the year, 481 new boolks have been added to the former, by purchase, and 356 to the latter, and 1111 new applicants have been admitted to the privileges of the institution, of whom, 732 were boys, and 379 girls. During the last five years, $3000 have been expended for books. ATHENAzEUM. (1856.) 1.3,000 vols. "Founded in 1813, by a few young men,' who, feeling the want of a convenient place of common resort in which their leisure hours could be passed, without danger to morals or tastes, came together and arranged a plan for the establishment of reading-rooms.' On the 9th of February, 1814, when the articles of association were adopted, the number of subscribers amounted to 200; and on the 7th of March following, the institution was first opened to the public, in the room over the book store of Mr. Matthew Carey, at the southeast corner of Chestnut and Fourth Streets. Chief Justice Tilghman and Mr. Duponceau each bequeathed to the Athenaeum $200. " Dr. William Lehman, who died in 1829, bequeathed to the Athenaeum the sum of $10,000, for the erection of a suitable building. This legacy, by the prudent management of the treasurers, amounted, on the 1st of January, 1847, to $24,845 45. It is now invested in the beautiful building occupied by the Athenaeum, the Historical Society, 38&0 PPUBLTIC LIBRARIES. and the Controllers of the Public Schools. The Society derives a permanent income of $2000 from the rent of the rooms. The entire cost, including fitting up, &c., will be less than $50,000, leaving a debt, to be secured by mortgage, of less than $14,000. " The whole structure is 50 feet front on Sixth Street, 125 feet on Adelphi Street, and 58 feet high. It is an excellent specimen of the Italian style of architecture, treated with spirit and taste. The first story is divided into offices, and a large room of 37 by 60 feet, 14 feet high, for the Controllers of the Public Schools. The second story is arranged for the uses of the Athenmeum, and is divided into a news-room, library, and chess room. The news-room is on the Sixth Street front, and is 37 by 47 feet, and 24 feet high; it will be finished in pilasters, with an enriched cornice and cone to the ceiling. The library is 37 feet wide, 65 feet long, and 24 feet high, and will be finished with a columnar ordinance of the Corinthian order, advanced from the sides of the room, forming a centre cell or nave and aisles; the latter will be filled up with bookcases, set laterally from the pillars to the wall, and is designed, at' some future time, to be finished with a gallery, as the library extends; the cornice will be enriched with modillions and ornament, the ceiling being in panel. The chess-room is 18 feet square, and is an ante-room between the two large rooms; a room of the same size over this, is intended for the directors' room. The third story is divided into 8 rooms (three of large size); one of them, to be occupied by the Historical Society, is-26 by 37 feet, and 14 feet high." "A feature (says Mr. Wharton) of this institution, to which I would advert with complacency, but certainly without boasting, is the free admission which it has always afforded to strangers; meaning, by this term, persons not permanently residing in the city, or within 10 miles of it, introduced by members. It may be worthy of remark and remembrance, that, according to a register kept by our worthy and attentive librarian, more than 30,000 strangers have visited the rooms, and availed themselves of the facilities and conveniences which they afford. During certain years, the number has exceeded 1000 annually, including representatives of every civilized country and community. "Whatever may be the deficiencies of our catalogue, in respect to the standard works of English literature, I believe it will not be easy to find, in this country, a more complete or various collection of periodical literature, from the daily journal, through the various monthlies and quarterlies, to the annual registers. Our library consists now (Oc PNNSYLVANTA. 381 tober, 1847), I am informed, of nearly 10,000 volumes. We receive 24 foreign journals, scientific and literary; and 25 American. We take 5 foreign newspapers, and 62 American; one at least, I believe, from every State. "Among the curiosities of literature in our rooms, is a large collection of pamphlets, bound into 148 volumes, which belonged to Dr. Franklin, some of them containing his manuscript notes and marginal remarks; and a regular series of the Journal de Paris, bound in volumes, and continued during the whole eventful period of the French Revolution."Address of T. J. YWhartoln. Shares of stock are $25. Stockholders pay $5, and subscribers, 88 per annum. Books are loaned to them only. The library is open daily, from 7 A.M. till 10 P.M. 12,000 volumes are in English, 600 French, none in other languages. A catalogue was printed in 1820, but a written onedis now used. Receipts during 1855, $5241 20; expended for books, 8674 62; binding, $56 59; periodicals, $303 49. Receipts during 1856, $4307 50; expended for books, $600; binding, $70; periodicals, $350; salaries, $800; incidentals, $1200. Salary of librarian, $800 per annum. Travels and biographies are most read. About 300 volumes are added annually. During the last five years, $2000 have been expended for books. AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 30,000 vols. "The American Philosophical Society, the oldest of the scientific associations in the United States, was formed in 1742. The American Society for Promoting, and Propagating Useful Knowledge, in Philadelphia, was established in 1766. These two Societies were united in 1769, and incorporated March 15, 1780, as the'American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge.' The Society has an'extensive collection of manuscripts, maps, charts, and engravings, and, in its cabinet, medals, coins, &c.' The precise number'cannot readily be given.' The annual increase is about 500 volumes. Few books are purchased, except scientific periodicals, &c., by subscription. The chief accessions to the library are by donations from learned societies and individuals, abroad and in this country. The library is in the hall of the Society, a brick building, 50 by 70 feet, erected in 1786, on a part of the'State House Square,' in the city of Philadelphia, 38 2 PUBLIC TIBRARIES. granted to the Society for that purpose, by the State Legislature, in 1784. The books are arranged on the shelves in numerical order, each volume having its number attached. Folios, quartos, and octavos' have their respective systems of numbers. No catalogue has been printed since an 8vo. of 290 pages, in 1824. The laws of the Society require the library to be opened every Friday evening, from 7 to 9 o'clock, and at such other times as the librarian may think proper. All members of the-Society are entitled to the use of the library; and facilities are afforded, at the discretion of the librarian, to well-known visitors of respectable character. Books are lent out to members. A considerable number of persons consult the library at the room. BOARD OF MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Commenced in 1816. The library is only for reference, and is open all day, free of charge, to any who wish to visit it. The officers report unfortunately, it is not large." CARPENTERS' COMPANY. (1857.) 1500 vols. The Carpenters' Company of the City and County of Philadelphia, instituted in 1724, was incorporated during the War of Independence, after having entitled themselves to honorable consideration, from permitting the use of their hall by the first Congress, in 1774. They have a library of 1500 volumes, composed principally of scientific works. The average annual expenditure for books has been $241 67. COLLEGE OF ST. THOMAS OF VILLANOVA, NEAR PHILADELPHIA. Chartered in 1847. It has no regularly organized library, but possesses about 2000 books of all kinds. CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL. (1857.) 1075 vols. Organized in 1841. The library has been closed for several years, in PENNSYLVANIA. 383 consequence of there being no appropriation either for books or for librarians. EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY. (1857.) 2300 vols. Commenced in 1835. Has a large and well-selected library; and a number of religious newspapers are taken. 100 volumes are added annually. " I am happy to say that the systematic distribution of books, adopted the last two years, continues to operate well. There is, comparatively, little abuse of them, and during the past year, none have been so injured as to be thrown out of circulation. Yet, by constant use, they are somewhat injured, and may need to be replaced by others. The account of distribution in the various corridors shows that 11,919 volumes have been circulated in the course of the year. It is hoped that the influence of these volumes may prove useful in elevating and improvin g the minds of the prisoners." —Report of T. Larcomnbe,.Moral Instructor. FRANKLIN INSTITUTE. (1857.) 6962 vols. Founded in 1830. The apartment occupied as the library and reading-room of the Society, is 45 feet by 44. A catalogue was printed in 1847, containing 117 pages 8vo. The library is open every day, except Sunday, from 9 o'clock A.M. till 10 P.M. It is intended primarily for the use of the members of the Institute. The books are lent out. Not less than 1000 annually consult the library without taking away books. The library is but an auxiliary means of producing the effects desired by the Institute, the improvement of its members, and is not made or considered a separate branch or department. It is intended, like the collections of models, machines, &c., to be open for constant reference to the members and their friends. FREE READING-ROOM ASSOCIATION OF SPRING GARDEN. (1856.) 1400 vols. This Association is intended for the benefit of young men and apprentices. Any person paying $2 a year, or $20 as a life-subscription, is made a member. No one can be excluded from the room on account of hip religious or political opinions. 384 PUB3LIC LIBRARIES. The visitors vary from 30 to 90 each evening, and onl some occasions, upwards of 100 have been present. "'Previous to 1856, it has generally been the practice to admit all who applied, without any reference being required; but on opening the room after the summer vacation, it was found the number increased so greatly, that it was impossible to maintain the order and quiet so requisite for the well-being of such an institution, without placing some restriction upon the admissions. It was accordingly determined to require all who wished to avail themselves of the benefits thus gratuitously offered them, to present a written guarantee or recommendation from their parents or guardians, or from some other responsible person. To all who have complied with this requisition, tickets have been given, entitling theln to all the privileges of the room; to be retained during good behavior. This arrangement has been productive of much good, and has enabled the librarian to exclude all who have not conducted themselves properly, and also secured to those who now frequent the room for the purpose of improving themselves, the opportunity of doing so without interruption." GERMIAN SOCIETY. (1851.) 7341 vols. The German Society, contributing for the relief of distressed Germans in the State of Pennsylvania, was instituted in 1764, and incorporated in 1781. The library was established on the 25th of March, 1817. It contains (January, 1851) 7341 volumes; of which 3137 are in the German language, and 4204 in the English language. The yearly average number of volumes added to the library for the last ten years, has been 250; the annual expenditure for books, 8390. There is a standing annual appropriation, by the Society, of $300 for the library. The payments of annual subscribers and the fines are also devoted to the purchase of books. The Society, in 1806, erected a twostory brick building, on the west side of Seventh Street, between BIarket and Chestnut Streets, called the " HIall of the German Society." This buildin-g was enlarged in 1846, and now is 37 feet wide and 63 feet in depth. The second story is in one large room, and is occupied as the meeting-room of the Society, and for the library. The library room is 35 feet wide in the clear, 54 feet in length, and 12~ feet in height, lighted by windows on three sides. The books are arranged and numbered according to the order of their reception, and without regard to PENNSYLVANIA. 385 subjects. The first catalogue was printed in 1831, and contains 86 pages. The second catalogue was printed in 1839, and contains 218 pages. An addition to this catalogue was printed in 1850, and contains 60 pages. The library is open every Saturday afternoon for three hours. Miembers of the Society and their widows, have a right to use the books; also subscribers, at $4 per annum. About 15,000 books are lent out each year. GIRARD COLLEGE. (1857.) 3163 vols. Although the College has been in operation for ten years, no serious effort to establish a library has been made until within the past four years. The library has been located in the room used for the meetings of the Board of Directors and committees, and the larger portion of one year's appropriation was used in providing the necessary furniture and fixtures. The number of volumes at present is 3163. There is no fixed sum given to the library, and consequently no regular annual increase. The appropriations for the support of the College are made at the commencement of each year, by the Councils of the City of Philadelphia, and may or may not include a sum for the increase of the library. The sum expended during 1857, for books and binding, was $1320 50. The appropriation for 1858, was $1000. The College library is, at present, only for reference, and for the use of the professors, teachers, and officers of the institution. The pupils are not entitled to take books from it; but in place thereof, they are provided with small libraries in the section-rooms, containing books adapted to their ages and capacities, and numbering from 50 to 150 volumes each. These libraries are under the charge of the prefects and governesses, and the books can be taken out during play-hours, or after the preparation of the lessons in the evenings. The number of volumes lent from the College library, to the officers, during 1857, was 426. No effort has yet been made to arrange the books on the shelves according to subjects. They are at present arranged simply with reference to the size of volumes. As the library becomes enlarged, it is proposed to classify them according to subjects. —.L IE T Arey. HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (1857.) 4250 vols. Founded in 1825. Incorporated June 21, 1856. During the first 25 386 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. twenty years of its existence, only 60 volumes had been collected by the Society. It has increased, however, during the last five years, at the rate of 550 volumes annually. The library is open, only for reference, every day, from 10 A.M. to 1 P.M., and 3 to 5 P.M. The books are arranged by subjects. The shelves are distinguished by letters, A, B, C, &c.; and each shelf has a distinct series of numbers, commencing with No. 1. A catalogue was printed in 1849, 36 pages 8vo., 250 copies costing $35. The Society, prior to 1855, had published six volumes of memoirs, bulletins, and collections, and about ten addresses. In 1855, a volume, the " History of Braddock's Expedition," and an address, the "History of Mason's and Dixon's Line," were published -and delivered by the Society, to the subscribers to its publication fund. This fund, commenced in 1854, is composed of subscriptions, of $20 each, by any persons, which entitles them to receive one copy of each future publication. This fund now amounts to over $5000. The following notice, prefixed to the published catalogue (1849), gives some additional facts respecting the library: "The Historical Society of Pennsylvania was founded in 1825. It met for nineteen years in one of the rooms of the American Philosophical Society, and had the use of a small closet in this room to contain its books. In the year 1844, the Society removed to a room rented by itself for its exclusive accommodation. Its collection of books then amounted to about 60 volumes, in addition to some boxes of public documents from Washington, which had not been opened, as the Society had no place in which to place the books. Immediately after the removal, the library increased rapidly, and a still further increase has followed its removal to their present location in the Athenseum building, South Sixth Street. The library is divided into ten classes: history, biography, manuscripts, pamphlets, periodicals, voyages and travels, newspapers, public documents of Pennsylvania, public documents of the United States, and miscellaneous. These observations have been considered necessary to explain why a society 24 years in existence, has not a larger collection of books. Had it not been for the cramped position it was compelled to occupy before it had a room of its own, it would doubtless have long since reached its present size." An address before the Society, delivered by William B. Reed, on the occasion of opening the hall in the Athenceum, January 28, 1848, has PENNSYLVANIA. 38 been printed, and contains some interesting facts concerning the Society, besides valuable remarks and suggestions respecting the objects of such an institution. INSTITUTE FOR COLORED YOUTH. (1857.) 1450 vols. Incorporated June 23, 1843. Library established March, 1853. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $140 nearly; or $830, the whole amount expended for books. Average annual number of volumes added to the library from 1851, 242; not counting the original number, about 100 volumes. Average annual number of volumes lent to readers, 6605; including those lent to be used in the reading-room. LAW ASSOCIATION OF PHILADELPHIA. (1857.) 6000 vols. "' In the year 1802, a few gentlemen of the bar associated themselves for the purpose of forming a law library, for the use of the profession in this city; and, partially by donations which they made, and partially by payments from members of the company, succeeded, by degrees, in forming a collection, which, with the small number of books formerly known, was all that was needed. With the increasing number of reports in modern times, the library as originally organized, fell very far behind the professional requirements of the day; and in September, 1841, an effort was made by a number of gentlemen to enlarge the collection, and to place it, generally, upon such a basis as should make it more worthy ofthe bar to which it belonged. Between the 15th of October, 1841, and; the 1st of March, 1850, there has been laid out by the Association, in the purchase of new books, the sum of $9583 72, exclusive of $865 87, in which last sum is embraced the cost of binding such of them as were bought in sheets. " The collection, we are happy to believe, is now complete in all those departments usually required in tlhe practice of the law. There exists in it a series of all the English, Irish, and American Reports,-a departnlent in which we believe that no other library, either in Great Britain, or the United States, is equally perfect. The department of text-books is also reasonably good; and, in addition to complete collections of the British statutes at large, and of the acts both of our State and Federal: 388 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Legislatures, in their authoritative, unabridged condition, there will be found upon the shelves of this library such digests and works of general jurisprudence as have obtained, with the profession, any title to authority. As a means of professional culture, and of extending among the bar a knowledge of the judicial decisions of England and of the United States, the collection affords all that as yet is practicable, and much of all that can at any time be desired. " In the course of nearly 50 years which has passed since this library was founded, neither the State, the county, nor the city, have contributed a dollar to its increase; and while, even in its present condition, the payment of a sum merely nominal makes the least opulent practitioner among us the possessor of a library larger than any which the most wealthy owns, it is yet certain, that as a public library, answering all the demands of a numerous and intellectual profession, stimulated by the keen spirit of ambition and reward, and pushing its investigations through every avenue of knowledge, the collection is yet far in arrear of what it might be. There are some departments in which it is entirely wanting, and others where it is very imperfect. The civil law has no place in it at all, and the canon and ecclesiastical law have much too small a one. There is also a large class of books which do not come exactly within the title of law books, that yet belong to the law, considered as a philosophic science, or as a system of lofty morals. They are sometimes cited in courts, and would form, at any rate, a graceful addition to a library which represents in its corporate dignity an intellectual and elevated profession." —[See circular letter of a committee of the Law Association.'l About $2000 a year are expended in the purchase of books. There is no vested fund. The income is derived from assessments of members and occasional contributions. The library occupies a room 50 feet square, in the county court-house. The last catalogue, containing 64 pages 8vo., was printed in 1849. The following are the most important rules of the library: " The library is open from 10 o'clock A.M. till 3 P.M., and from 4~ till sunset, daily throughout the year, excepting during the months of July and August, on Christmas and New Year's day, the 22d of February, and on Saturday afternoons and Sundays; at which times it is closed. " The following persons are allowed to use the library: "1. Miembers of the Association and subscribers to the library; 2. PENNSYLVANIA. 389 Judges of the Courts sitting within the city; 3. Members of the bar from the country, attending the sessions in this city of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or of the Circuit Court of the United States. " Persons desirous of using this library can have the use of it for life, free of any annual charge, by paying the sum of $100. Or they may become members of the Association by paying $30 in the first instance, and afterwards an assessment of $10 a year.' Gentlemen of the bar who are not members of the Association, nor subscribers for life to its library, may become subscribers to it annually by paying, during the first two years after their admission to the bar, $6 a year; during the ensuing two years, $8 a ~year; and afterwards $12 a year. "No book can be taken from the library-room by any person whomsoever, except for the purpose of being used in the court-rooms." LIBRARY ASSOCIATION OF FRIENDS. (1855.) 5581 vols. The receipts during 1854, were $376; and nearly $200 were expended for books. In the same year, 3981 volumes were lent to 292 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1853, a duodecimo, of 350 pages, costing $278 for 250 copies. A number of periodicals are regularly received. Twenty. one years have elapsed since the formation of this Association, which has been for that period silently, though usefully pursuing its career. By summing up the account for those years of which there is any record, we find there have been lent from the library, during the past four years and nine months (commencing with a portion of the year 1852) no less than 31,215 volumes. The use made of the library during 1855, was as follows: 1247 applications from females, on which were loaned 3011 volumes; 1136 applications from males, on which were loaned 2696 volumes: showing a circulation of upwards of 5700 volumes. The whole number of persons using the library during the past year, has been 228 females, of whom 98 were apparently under 16 years; 210 males, of whom 107 were apparently under 16 years; in all, 438 individuals, of whom 205 were apparently under 16 years. While the increase of the library during the same period, has been 198 volumes, comprising 114 works of various kinds, a few of which were donations. 390 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. The entire number now catalogued as belonging to the library, is 4632, classified as follows: abridged and juvenile, 707 volumes; scientific, 560; religious, 1147; voyages and travels, 503; history and biography, 812; miscellaneous, 903. "The library is now open on Fourth and Seventh day evenings, for the accommodation of Friends generally, Seventh day afternoons being, as usual, appropriated exclusively for females.; for the more pleasant accommodation of whom, an arrangement has been made with the daughter of the librarian to be in attendance in the library-room, during the periods allotted to them." LIBRARY COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND LOGANIAN LIBRARY. (1857.) 64,900 vols. The following facts of general interest, respecting the history of this venerable and useful institution, are extracted' from an article written for Waldie's Portfolio, by John J. Smith, Esq., the librarian: "The first entry in the records of the Library Company, is in the following words:''The minutes of me, Joseph Brientnall, Secretary to the Directors of the Library Company of Philadelphia, with such of the minutes of the same Directors as they order me to make, began on the 8th day of November, 1731. By virtue of the deed or instrument of the said Company, dated the 1st day of July last.' " The said instrument being completed by 50 subscriptions, I subscribed my name to the following summons or notice, which Benjamin Franklin sent by a messenger, viz.: "'To Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Hopkinson, William Parsons, Philip Syng, Jr., Thomas Godfrey, Anthony Nicholas, Thomas Cadwalader, John Jones, Jr., Robert Grace, and Isaac Penington:' GENTLEMEN: The subscription to the library being completed, you, the Directors appointed in the instrument, are desired to meet this evening at 5 o'clock, at the house of Nicholas Scull, to take bond of the treasurer for the faithful performance of his trust, and to consider of and appoint a proper time for the payment of the money subscribed, and other matters relating to the said library. "' JOSEPH BRIENTNALL, "' Secretary. " IPHILADELPHIA, November 8, 1731.'' At this meeting a treasurer, William Coleman, duly executed a PENNSYLVANIA. 391 bond with sureties, and Benjamin Franklin proposed that the said Coleman attend at suitable places to receive the subscription moneys; which, says our secretary,'it was the general opinion should not be delayed, lest the directors be disappointed in sending it to England this fall to purchase books, or that other disappointments, prejudicial to the library design, should happen by delays or negligence on any hand.' "The price of a share was fixed at 40s., and on the first evening of attendance for that purpose, ten persons appeared and paid the amount of their subscriptions. Several individuals, however, were dilatory in meeting their engagements, and Benjamin Franklin printed and sent them notice either to pay on a certain evening, or signify their determination to relinquish the copartnership. Much difficulty and no little forbearance appears to.have been the lot of the directors and treasurer, in collecting from some of the original subscribers; but, satisfied of the utility of the project, at a meeting on the 29th of March, 1732, the sum in hand being'above half' the amount originally intended to be raised, it was concluded to be the interest of all concerned to send for some of the books immediately. Thomas Godfrey, at this meeting, informed the directors that Mr. James Logan had heard of the plan, and would willingly give his advice in the choice of books; the minute on the subject, is in these words:' Upon this information, Thomas Godfrey was requested to return the thanks of the committee to Mr. Logan for his generous offer; and the committee esteeming Mr. Logan to be a gentleman of universal learning, and the best judge of books in these parts, ordered that Thomas Godfrey should wait on him and request him to favor them with a catalogue of suitable books against to-morrow evening; which Thomas Godfrey readily agreed to do.''" With the advice of Mr. Logan, the list was made out, and Robert Grace,'to expedite the affair,' agreed to draw on Peter Collinson, mercer, in Gracious Street, London, for' ~45 sterling, at 65 per cent. advance the current rate,' in favor of and to be remitted by Thomas Hopkinson, then about sailing for England, with directions to purchase as many volumes as he could for the money. The catalogue of this first effort evinces considerable judgment, and was very carefully prepared with a view to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge in the various departments required by the wants of a young community. "In October, 1732, the first importation of books was received by Captain Carnock, in good order. Thomas Hopkinson informed the directors that he had received advice from Thomas Cadwalader and 392 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Peter Collinson, in adding and omitting various books; and that'Peter Collinson, who had given great assistance, had moreover made the Company a present of two valuable books.' His claim is thus established of having been the first donor to the yet infant library. " The importance of the step thus taken, although it was on a small scale, can be justly appreciated only by a knowledge of the fact, which is stated in the reply of Peter Collinson, that there was no manner of provision made by the Government for public education, either in this or the neighboring provinces,'nor so much as a good bookseller's shop nearer than Boston.' " The books were taken to'Robert Grace's chamber, at his house in Jones's Alley,' and there placed on the shelves, a catalogue made out, and Dr. Franklin undertook to print the blank promissory notes for the librarian to fill up, and get subscribed by those to whom he lent books. The rules and regulations adopted were few and simple. The first librarian, Louis Timothee, gave attendance front 2 to 3 P.M. on Wednesdays, and on Saturdays from 10 A.M. till 4 P.mI. He was allowed to permit'any civil gentleman to peruse the books of the library in the libraryroom; but not to lend or to suffer to be taken out of the library, by any person who is not a subscribing member, any of the said books, Mr. James Logan only excepted.' Timothee, it appears, occupied Grace's house, and he was to receive, at the expiration of three months,'S3 lawful money certain,' and a further'reasonable reward,' as should be agreed on in consideration of services and rent. "In December, 1732, several new applicants presented themselves, and were admitted. Dr. Franklin produced the printed catalogue, which he presented without charge. "The original number of 50 subscribers was not Completed till the 22d of February, 1733, when Joseph Growden signed the constitution, being the 50th member. "'William Rawle appears to have been the first American donor, having, on the 12th of March, 1733, presented'six volumes or books of the works of Mr. Edmund Spenser.' "On the 15th of May, of the same year, it was agreed by a committee of directors to draw up an address to Thomas Penn, proprietor,'in order for his countenance and protection in an affair so useful and well intended as the library, and which the proprietor signified, through his secretary, Mr. George, that he approved and designed to encourage.' " Mr. Penn replied, that he took the address'kindly,' with the assu PENNSYLVANIA. 393 rance that he should be always ready to promote any undertaking so useful. He presented several articles to the institution, and it is to the honor of the proprietary family that they promoted the design as long as they continued to preserve any influence in the province. "Mr. Timothee having vacated his office, Benjamin Franklin, one of his sureties, offered to take his situation for the current year, in consideration of Timothee's having been serviceable to him; he occupied. the station of librarian for three months and a day, and was succeeded by William Parsons. During the period of Franklin's service as librarian, the room was agreed to be open but once a week, on Saturdays from 4 to 8 o'clock P.M.-it having been observed that borrowers rarely came on Wednesdays, and four hours were found amply sufficient to supply all applicants. The librarian's salary was then reduced to ~6. "The increase of books was supposed to raise the value of a share annually 10s., and I find the price gradually increased. "On the 12th of December, 1737, the directors were informed by the secretary that the proprietor was pleased to say that nothing remained to delay his grant of a lot of ground he intended to bestow on the Company for their library. In May, 1738, a letter was received from John Penn, with a present of an air-pump. The first paragraph conveys information highly honorable to the Company. It is dated London, 31st of January, 1738, and begins: "'GENTLEMEN: It always gives me pleasure, when I think of the Library Company of Philadelphia, as they were the first that encouraged knowledge and learning in the Province of Pennsylvania.' c" A suitable reply and a vote of thanks for the lot and the air-pump, were ordered to be returned to the generous donor. The pump excited considerable curiosity among the citizens; frequent notices of application to borrow it being minuted; a committee was appointed to provide a case and frame for it, with glass lights in the door,'to look ornamental in the library room.' " The first, and I regret to add, one of the very few presents of money made to the institution, was from Dr. Walter Sydserfe, of Antigua, in 1738, who, having the sum of ~58 6s. 8d. due him in this country, generously presented it to the Company. In June, 1739, the number of members had been increased to 74. "On the 7th of April, 1740, the books were removed to'the upper 394 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. room of the westernmost office of the State House;' the use of which had been lately granted to the Company by the Assembly. "In a catalogue printed in 1741, in my possession, there is a short account of the state of the institution. Shares were then granted at the price of ~6 10s. In this year, John Penn, Esq., presented a microscope and camera obseura, still in the Company's possession. " In 1746, Samuel Norris bequeathed the Company ~20. " From 1748 to 1752, many of the minutes are missing, and I have only to note the reception of a telescope and a number of valuable books front Thomas Penn, Esq. " In 1752,'a noble present of ancient medals,' was received through Mr. Peters from Mr. Gray, member of Parliament for Colchester. "In 1762, Charles Thomson, who afterwards became Secretary to Congress, was elected a director, and in April, the long-expected patent from the Penns for a lot of ground in Chestnut Street near Ninth, was received. The lot was inclosed with a post-and-rail fence, and continued for many years to yield a small revenue. On Dr. Franklin's return from Europe, he was unanimously re-elected a director by the Board, to supply the place of Samuel Shoemaker, resigned. "On the 14th of February, 1763, the celebrated John Dickinson was elected a director. In an address to John Penn, November 21, 1763, occurs the following paragraph:'The encouragements the library met with in its infancy have had good effects. Many other libraries, after our example and our plan, have been erected in this and the neighboring provinces, whereby useful knowledge has been more generally diffused in these reimote corners of the eaqrth.' " Some dissatisfaction is noted at this period at the new regulations, by which members were prevented from coming into the library and taking down books; in consideration of which, it was' Resolvedi That the librarian should prepare a bond, which should be tendered to every member who should desire the privilege of entering the library and examining the books there, at the hours of attendance on Saturdays, by which he should bind himself to be answerable for his proportionable part of the loss that may arise from any books being lost or stolen out of the library.' "This appears to have had the desired effect; as, however anxious members might have been to consult the books, they could not be supposed willing to join in the librarian's responsibility for losses. "1767. Mr. Hopkinson visiting England, the directors, in order not PENNSYLVANIA. 395 to lose his services on his return, were allowed to appoint a proxy. H e brought home with him a few rare books, purchased by Dr. Franklin, with the Company's money, and a present from Benjamin West,' formerly,' says the minute,'of this city, but now of London, historical painter: a woman's hand, taken from an Egyptian mummy, in good preservation.' This hand, which has sometimes been called Cleopatra's, is still in the building, and,, notwithstanding the length of time which it has been exposed to the action of the air, is in perfect preservation. "1768. On the 20th of February, 1768, a law was enacted for admitting new members for the sum of ~10. "1769. At a meeting of the directors, February 13th, 1769, the following gentlemen, viz., George Roberts, Jonathan Shoemaker, James Pearson, Charles Jervis, David Evans, Anthony Mlorris, Jr., and Moses'Bartram, being a committee of the Union Library Compally of Philadelphia, waited on the Board, to signify their approbation of the plan which had been some time in agitation, of uniting the two institutions. The directors replied,'that they thought such a scheme might better answer the intention of public libraries, than if they were to continue in separate bodies;' and on the 13th of March a law was enacted, giving the directors'full power and authority to admit the members of the Union Library Company,' &c. "' Of the value of this accession of books, I have no data to form a judgment. The Union Company owned the house in Third Street where their books had been kept, and it was for a considerable period a source of revenue, until sold. Benjamin Franklin, at this time in London, handed the orders for books to William Strahan for shipment. "The institution having now acquired additional consequence by the accession of new members, and an increase of books, the Board petitioned the Assembly of the Province for permission to erect, on some part of the State House lot, such a building as would prove an ornament to the city, and continue to accommodate their rapidly increasing library. This application was refused; and at a general meeting of the Company, convened by advertisement, on the 5th of October, 1771, it was deemed inexpedient to build elsewhere, and the project was, for the present, suffered to rest. It was not till the 25th of September, 1769, that the room was opened three days in the week; these days were Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, for four hours each, and two 396 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. librarians were then appointed, viz., John de Maurengault and Ludowick Sprogell, at an annual salary of ~20 each. "' 1771. Another junction was formed, in 1771, with the Association Library Company, but there are no data by which to judge of the extent of this institution. The Amicable Company, also admitted about this time, is only casually mentioned, and the two collections were probably of no great value.'"1773. Early in the year 1773, the second floor of Carpenters' Hall was rented, and the books removed from the room in theb State House, which was now too small for their accommodation; the library was then first opened daily, from 2 till 7 o'clock P.M., under the charge of Charles Cist, at an annual salary of ~60. The books were here first placed behind the protection of latticed doors. The increase of the cabinet of coins seems to have been a favorite project; a great number are noted as having been presented from time to time. In October, 1773, several specimens of minerals, and 53 curious coins, were presented by Edward Pole. Unfortunately, the secretary, in reporting the gift, was obliged to add the following memorandum:'but the library being entered by some thief (as supposed) last night, he carried off all the coins and tokens, together with some change which was left in the drawer.' Mr. Pole, however, received the thanks of the directors, and the articles were advertised, but never recovered. "1774. On the 31st of August, 1774, it was,' upon motion, ordered that the librarian furnish the gentlemen who are to meet in Congress, in this city, with such books as they may have occasion for, during their sitting, taking a receipt for them.' Congress enjoyed this privilege during the whole period of its sittings in Philadelphia, and the members experienced much inconvenience from the want of a similar institution for reference, after removing to Washington, before a good library had been collected in the Capitol. The members of the Legislature of Pennsylvania likewise enjoyed the use of the books for a long period, free of charge. "1776. In M3ay, 1776, an advertisement appeared in the'Pennsylvania Gazette,' and other journals, requesting a general meeting of the Company, in order to consider the propriety of empowering the directors to remove the books and effects of the Company, in case any event of the war should make that measure necessary. Two attempts to get together enough members to pass such a law failing, the books remained, and were unmolested. PENNSYLVANIA. 397 " The British army had possession of Philadelphia from September 26, 1777, to June 18, 1778, but it does not appear that the Company sustained any loss from those who composed it. The officers, without exception, left deposits, and paid hire for the books borrowed by them. " 1777. In this year, the library room was occupied by the sick soldiery, and Messrs. Alison, Jones, and Hughes were' appointed a com: mittee, on the 11th of March, to wait on General Gates, commanding officer in this city, in order to procure, if possible, an order for their removal.' During the whole progress of the war, the importation of books was, of course, suspended. The funds thus accumulated were expended, on the conclusion of peace, in a large importation of the standard works.which had appeared in the interval. By the will of the Hon. William Logan the institution received this year a very handsome bequest of books of ancient authors, being a more extensive and valuable gift than any heretofore received. They may all be traced in the catalogue, by the L. attached to each.'" 1779. John Todd, librarian, received ~100 per annum, and a share. " 1781. On the.4th day of lMay, 1781, the directors agreed to receive 30s. State money, in lieu of a bushel of wheat, by which the annual payments were the previous year directed to be made.;' 1783. The Committee on Importations remitted ~200 sterling to London, on the 10th of June, 1783, nine years having elapsed since their last order. Joseph Woods and Williaim Dillwyn were selected as proper agents, from their well-known attachment to literature, and knowledge of books; they acted during the remainder of their lives to the satisfaction of the directors, and Joseph Woods's son is now the agent. In their letter, the Committee of Correspondence state,'We shall confide entirely in your judgment to procure us such books of modern publication as will be proper for a public library, and though we would wish to mix the utile with the dulce, we should not think it expedient to add to our present stock anything in the novel way.' This has been the uniform plan pursued, with the exception of a few of the best class of novels and romances; the consequence has been that, with the very great increase of the number of volumes, the shelves are supplied with books of real merit in most other departments, and are not lumbered with the temporary trash so -greedily devoured by the sickly taste which procures its mental supplies from circulating libraries. " 1783. November, 1783, Dr. Franklin presented six volumes of the Natural History of the South of France. " The erection of a building for the accommodation of the library 398 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. having been long a matter of discussion,' at a general meeting, held June 1st, 1789, a large number of members appeared, either in person or by proxy, and a law was passed giving the directors power to proceed, as soon as 100 new members should be added to the list, to appropriate the money on hand, reserving sufficient for the current expenses, and to sell the ground-rents and real estate owned by the Company.' Bisho"p White was nominated by the directors chairman of this meeting, at which he presided. "All the shares requisite, except nineteen, were soon subscribed, many of which were to be paid for in labor. The directors and treasurer and secretary assuming to themselves to procure the remaining nineteen, the purchase of the lot and erection of the building was proceeded in with all convenient speed. The present site was purchased of Mary Norris and Dr. Logan. A number of plans were submitted for approval, and the one prepared by Dr. William Thornton, with some slight alterations, was adopted, for which he received a share. It may be supposed that this undertaking was not without its difficulties, and I find that, owing to the low state of the funds, the directors, treasurer, and secretary, individually, advanced sums amounting to ~250, of which Josiah Hewes advanced ~50, and the others from ~10 to ~25. " 1789. The first stone of the edifice was laid on the 31st of August, 1789; the minutes state,'that, upon the suggestion of Dr. Benjamin eFranklin, a large stone was prepared, and laid at the southwest corner of the building, with the following inscription, composed by the Doctor, except so far as relates to himself, which the committee have taken the liberty of adding to it:'Be it remembered, in honor of the Philadelphia youth (then chiefly artificers), that in MDCCXXXI, they cheerfully, at the instance of Benjamin Franklin, one of their number, instituted the Philadelphia Library, which, though small at first, is become highly valuable, and extensively useful, and which the walls of this edifice are now destined to contain and preserve; the first stone of whose foundation was here placed the thirty-first day of August, 1789.' PENNSYLVANIA. 399 " 1790. By the 30th of December, 1790, the books were all removed and ready'for delivery, when it was resolved to have the room open daily, from 1 o'clock to sunset, and Zachariah Poulson was continued librarian, at ~100 salary. During the progress of the building, more than the stipulated 100 names were added to the list of stockliholders-many apprentices having been allowed by their employers to give sufficient labor to purchase the privilege of admission. Their names are faithfully recorded; and it may, in future, be interesting to their descendants to discover that they are reaping the benefits of literary instruction from the honest labor and the sweat of the brows of their progenitors. " Among the benefactors of the library occur the names of Robert Barclay, of London, and of Abraham Claypoole, of Pennsylvania. The former repeatedly sent presents of rare or curious books, and till his death continued to correspond with his American friends, and to mention the institution with interest. The latter left the Company, by will, ~100. "1791. In January, 1791, the directors again tendered to the President and Congress the free use of the books in the library, in as full and ample manner as if they were members of the Company. President Washington, through his secretary, Tobias Lear, returned thanks for the attention in a very handsome note.' 1782. On the 18th of February, 1782, Dr. Parke informed the Board that the heirs of James Logan had made a proposition to transfer to the Library Company of Philadelphia the Loganian Library, and also to convey to them, under certain conditions, a lot of ground in Philadelphia, and certain rents charge, together with the arrearages thereof, now due from estates in Bucks County. On this subject, a committee was appointed to inquire into the condition of the property, and the terms intended to be annexed to the transfer. "1792. An additional five-foot lot having been purchased of Samuel M. Fox, on Library Street, a building was erected for the accommodation of the Loganian books by the Library Company of Philadelphia, for which the Loganian trustees pay an annual rent. " On the 4th of October, John Fitch's manuscripts, respecting the steam-engine, were deposited in the library, under seal, with a request that they might be kept unopened till the year 1823. This was done, and as they have undergone an examination, I shall not here attempt their analyzation. 400 PUBLIC LIBRARIES.' 1793. On the 30th of August, 1793, at a general meeting of the members, the price of shares was raised to $40, at which sum they still remain.'" 1799. In April, 1799, Henry Cox, of the kingdom of Ireland, presented a large number of manuscript volumes relating to the history of his native country. They consist of the original correspondence of James the First with the Privy Council of Ireland, from 1603 to 1615, inclusive, and a great variety of historical data, the value of which remains unknown. In one of the volumes is an original letter from Queen Elizabeth, dated in 1568. Several valuable printed books are also in this collection. "1804. In this year the institution was greatly enriched by John Bleakly and the Rev. Samuel Preston. The former left, by will, ~1000 to the library, and the latter bequeathed a most valuable collection of rare and curious books, selected with great taste and judgment, together with two shares of United States Bank stock. Dr. Preston was influenced, in selecting this library for the reception of his own, by our countryman, Benjamin West, who painted the portrait of the donor, which was, in the succeeding. year, presented by Mrs. West, as an appropriate ornament for the library rooms. To appreciate the value of Preston's library, it must be examined in detail. There are, in the collection, many rare books of plates, &c., of the most costly description, which the funds of the institution would forever have forbidden being purchased. " George Campbell was now elected librarian-an office he filled for twenty-three years, during which long period he was never once prevented by sickness from attending to his daily duties; a circumstance almost unprecedented in the annals of a salary officer. Under his charge, the institution continued to flourish, and was again enriched, at the period of his resignation, by the bequest from William Mackenzie of 500 rare volumes, and the purchase from his executors of the additional number of 1466. " Since this period, about 5000 volumes were purchased, on very favorable terms, froml James Cox, an artist, since deceased, consisting of many expensive volumes on the fine arts, and miscellaneous books. They supplied a prominent deficiency, and many rarities are among theim." From the preface to the last catalogue we take the following: " Besides the books, the personal property consists in some available PENNSYLVANIA. 401 funds yielding interest, the sale of shares, the price of each of which, since 1793, has been fixed at $40, and the annual payments of $4 from each member. The real estate of the Company consists of the lot and buildings where the Philadelphia and Loganian libraries are kept. "' The members dispose of their shares by transfer or will; but the assent of the directors, as well in such cases as in case of an original purchase, is previously necessary-a restriction early adopted, in order, as much as possible, to prevent improper persons from having access to a collection of a nature peculiarly liable to injury." The preface to the catalogue of the LOGANIAN Library, contains the following account of that, establishment: "This collection of rare and valuable books, principally in the learned and existing languages of the continent of Europe, owes its origin to the Hon. James Logan, the confidential friend and counsellor of'William Penn, and for some time President of the Council of the Province of Pennsylvania. Its foundation consists of a portion of his own private library, which, having collected at considerable expense, he was anxious should descend to posterity, and continue usefully to extend to others the means of prosecuting those pursuits he had himself so successfully cultivated. With this view, he erected a suitable building in Sixth Street, near Walnut, for the reception of a library, and, by deed, vested it (with the books and certain rents, for the purpose of increasing their number, and paying a librarian) in trustees, for the use of the public, forever. "This deed he afterwards cancelled, and prepared, but did not live to execute, another, in which some alteration was made in the funds and regulations. After his death, his children and residuary legatees, with commendable liberality, carried into effect the intentions of Mr. Logan, and conveyed the building, books, and rents charge to trustees, who caused the library, consisting of more than 2000 volumes, to be arranged, and a catalogue to be printed. " About 1300 volumes, collected by Dr. William Logan, of Bristol, England, a younger brother of James Logan, and by William Logan, of Philadelphia, son of the founder, were afterwards bequeathed to the institution by the latter gentleman, who acted for some time as librarian. After his death, in 1776, the library remained unopened during several years. 26 402 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. "To insure its perpetuity, the Legislature of Pennsylvania, in 1792, at the request of Jamles Logan, the only surviving trustee, passed an act annexing the Loganian Library to that belonging to the Library Company of Philadelphia, under certain restrictions. This act constitutes the directors of that prosperous Company for the time being, trustees, together with the eldest male descendant of the founder, and two other gentlemen to be by him appointed. " Since the two libraries were thus connected, the books of the Loganian institution have been kept in a room appropriated to the purpose, owned by the Library Company of Philadelphia, in which they were first opened for the benefit of the citizens in 1794, in accordance with the original intentions of James Logan, and the Act of Assembly. " Very considerable additions have continued to be made to the collection by means of the funds arising out of the sale of the lot and building in Sixth Street, and from the rents of the lands in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, settled originally on the institution by the Logans, and by donations-particularly of that from the late William Mackenzie, Esq., a native of Philadelphia, who bequeathed by his last will, in 1828,'all his books printed before the beginning of the 18th century, and 800 volumes more, to be chosen by the trustees, from his French books and Latin books printed since the beginning of the 18th century.' This valuable bequest consists of 1519 volumes of great rarity and value; and subsequently 3566 volumes were purchased from his executors. They had been accumulated by Mr. Mackenzie during a life extended beyond 70 years, which had been almost exclusively devoted to literary pursuits. During this period, one of his few intimate friends says,'he believes he never had aln enemy: at least, from the purity of his principles and the correctness of his conduct, I am sure he never deserved one.' " The following extracts are from the preface to the catalogue, 1856: "In administering the fund, the directors, while they have kept steadily in view the original and main object of the Association, to form a library for home reading, and while they have restricted their purchases in those departments-such as law, medicine, and mechanics-to which special libraries in the city of Philadelphia are devoted, have yet been equally solicitous to avoid ephemeral productions of no real merit. The income of the institution is not (as is frequently supposed) sufficient to warrant large outlay for rare and costly works; and yet, on PENNSYLVANIA. 403 taking a glance at the whole collection, many treasures will be found, among which it may not be uninteresting to mention a few of the most valuable and rare. " Of manuscripts, the most ancient is an exemplar of the entire Bible, on parchment, of the date of 1016. The most beautiful is an illuminated Psalter, on fine vellum, and in perfect preservation; though written in Roman characters, it appears to be a specimen of German art of the early part of the 15th century. Two volumes of original letters of King James I; two of his official correspondence with the Irish Viceroyalty; an original diary of the Marquis of Clanricarde (1641-1643); and the unpublished autobiography of John Fitch, are noteworthy. " Of early printed books, there are several of the date of 1470, and others without date. The Loganian Library possesses a copy of Caxton's Golden Legend; several works fromu the press of Wynkyn de Worde; a Vulgate Bible, printed at Rome, by Sweynheym and Pannartz, in 1471, pronounced'fort rare,' by Brunet; another from the press of Koburger, at Nuremberg, in 1475; an English version, printed by Grafton, in 1539; and a Nouveau Testament, printed by Barthelemy and Buyer, at Lyons, about 1480. A noble edition of Perce-forest-'de tous les Romans de C7,evalerie le pl9us estimnn,' in 6 volumes folio, Paris, 1531; an early German version, with numerous wood-cuts, of Reynard, the fox-Reynlke Voss de olde, Rostock, 1549; and Copland's edition of Caxton's Recuile of the Histories of Troie, London, 1553, are rare and curious. "Of works relating to antiquities, the following are the most remarkable: Lepsius's, Rosselini's, Denon's, and Vyse's Egypt; Botta's and Laya.rd's folio plates of Nineveh; Kingsborough's and Lenoir's Mexico; eight folio volumes of plates on Herculaneum; Piranesi's Works; I1 Vaticano; and Meyrick on Ancient Armor. "' In the department of works relating to America, the two libraries may, without exaggeration, be said to be very rich. The sets of newspapers, from the first number of the first paper published in Philadelphia, continuously to the present time, include a set of'Bradford's American Mercury,' from 1719 to 1745;'The Pennsylvania Gazette' (published successively by Samuel Keimer, Dr. Benjamin Franklin, and Hall and Sellers), complete, from 1728 to 1804;'The Pennsylvania Journal,' from 1747 to 1793;'The Pennsylvania Packet' (afterwards 404 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Poulson's Advertiser'), under various names, from 1771 to the present time;'The Federal and Philadelphia Gazette,' from 1788 to 1843; and the'United States Gazette,' now the'North American,' from 1791 to the present time. "After the newspapers, nhay be mentioned the inestimable collection of books, pamphlets, broadsides, and manuscripts, collected by Pierre du Simitiere, before, during, and after the Revolution, and purchased for the Company. A portion of these pamphlets, and the larger part of the broadsides are believed to be quite unique. Beschreibuncg von Pennsylvania, _Frankfort und Leipzig, 1704, by Pastorius, the personal friend of William Penn, and the founder of Germantown, is believed to be the only copy in the United States; with it, is bound up a German translation of Gabriel Thomas's Pennsylvania, and Faulkner's COltietlse Nacshricht von Pennsylvania, 1702. Hl. J. Wynkelmann's Americanischlen Neuen TYelt Beschreibung, Oldenburg, 1664, with wood-cuts is a most curious and extremely rare production. Other German works on America, not often met with in this country, are Gottfriedt's Historia Antipodum, Frankfurt, 1655, and Dapper's JUnbekannte neue Welt, Amsterdam, 1763; both have numerous fine plates and maps. Campanius's Kort Beskryfnnig omr Provincien Nya Swerige callas Pennsylvania, Stockholm, 1702, with curious plates and maps, is one of the few copies known to exist; and Ovalle's Historica Relation del Reyno de Chile, with the maps and all the plates, is of great rarity. Jones's Present State of Virginia, London, 1724,'one of the scarcest works relating to Virginia, published in the 18th century,' is bound up with The Present State of Virginia and the College, by Messieurs clartwell, Blair, and Chillton, London, 1727, which appears to be still more scarce, as it is not mentioned either by Rich or Lowndes; nor does it appear in the British Museuum catalogue, of 1819. These and other choice works on the American Colonies, have the initials of Peter Collinson on their title-pages. Plantagenet's New Albion, Leah and Rachel, and other scarce books, were reprinted in Force's Historical Tracts, from originals in this library. Aiken's Bible, of 1782, published under the patronage of Congress; and Poor Richard's Almanac, from 1733 to 1747, are very rare works; " The Library's set of the Laws of Pennsylvania is complete from the beginning; and of the journals of the Legislature, nearly so. Indeed, but few works relating to Pennsylvania and Philadelphia are wanting; and of PENNSYLVANIA. 405 the local histories of other States, the collection is good. The collection of the public documents of the General Government is respectable, and will shortly, it is hoped, be as complete as any other in the country.' Not the least interesting portion of the library is that consisting of works in the languages of Continental Europe. In the departments of Belles-Lettrcs and History, the collection of French, Spanish, and Italian books embraces most of the standard authors. The edition of the French classics, in 32 large quarto volumes, entitled' Collectioni du Dauelphi,' a beautiful specimen of typography; and Landinu's'Rare eet Reche2rchze edition of Dante, Venetia, 1512, are worthy of notice. The German library is by no means so valuable; but it includes the'S:,immtliche Werke,' of Luther (89 volumes), Goethe, Schiller, Jean Paul, Zschokke, leine, &c. The collection of Spanish authors (mostly in the Loganian library) is most complete, and was, and perhaps is, the finest public collection in the country. Many of the volumes are interesting, either from their rarity or intrinsic worth. Among these, may be mentioned El Condc.Le Lucanor, by the Prince Don Juan Manuel (Sevilla, 1575), described by Ticknor as' one of the rarest books in the world;' an unmutilated edition of Celestina, the first Spanish dramatic work of note (1599); the Cronica del Famosa Cavallero del Cid (Burgos, 1593); and the Coronica de el Rey Don Alonzo (1604); it contains also, the excellent reprint of the ancient Spanish chronicles (1787); and Zurita's Anales de la Coronta de Aragon, with the supplement of Argensola. Not to mention the better known names of Calderon, Lope de Vega, and other early dramatists, it may be said that all modern authors of consequence, Feijoo, Father Isla, Moratin, Yriarte, Melandez Valdes, and many others, have been added to it. The Spanish writers on America are equally well represented.. "In the large collection of English works, mnay be found complete sets of the Royal Philosophical Transactions, the Gentleman's Magazine, the Annual Register, Cobbett's and Hansard's Parliamentary Debates, Curtis's Botanical Magazine, and other periodicals, some continued for more than a century; the publications of the Record Commission, in 77 volumes folio, and 25 volumes octavo; a curious collection of 700 English pamphlets in 36 volumes quarto, published during the revolutionary period, from 1620 to 1720; which, with Somers's Tracts, the IHarleian Miscellany, and the Camden Society's publications, eminently deserve the attention of the student of English history; a series of the English chronicles, from Bede downwards, in the original Latin, as well as in English; and Dansay's English Crusaders." 406 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. STATE OF THE LIBRARY. In August, 1835, the library containedWorks. Volumes. 1184 folios,.... 1,853 2282 quartos.. 3,454 9220 octavos,.... 18,721 6076 duodecimos, 11,193 Total,.35,221 In April, 1856, the library containedAWorks. Volumes. 1,455 folios,.... 2,578 2,698 quartos,.3,893 14,012 octavos,..... 29,065 11,655 duodecimos,... 17,786 Total,. 53,322 Duplicates not catalogued, say,... 1,000 The Loganian Library contains, 9,873 Total of both libraries,.. 64,195 In 1857, the total number was,. 64,900 About 1000 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support of both libraries, $3050. During the last five years, $12,500 have been expended for books for the Library Company, and $1000 for the Loganian. The books are arranged as they are received, according to size. The first catalogue was gratuitously printed by Benjamin Franklin, in 1732; the second by Franklin, in 1741, 56 pages 12mo.; the third by Franklin and Hall, in 1757, 132 pages 8vo.; others in 1764, 150 pages 8vo.; in 1770, 8vo.; in 1789, 406 pages 8vo., with supplements; 1793, 38 pages; 1794, 34 pages; 1796, 38 pages; 1798, 48 pages; 1799, 32 pages; and 1801, 23 pages; in 1807, 616 pages 8vo. A catalogue was published in 1835, in two volumes 8vo., making 1050 pages. This catalogue is classed on the system of Brunet, somewhat altered. The index is alphabetical. Under each sub-class, the titles are arranged alphabetically under the names of authors. Anonymous works are recorded after the others. In the supplements, the division of belles PENNSYLVANIA. 407 lettres is included under that of science and arts. A supplement was published in 1844; and a second supplement in 1849. A catalogue of the Loganian Library, was published in 1837, 450 pages 8vo. The first catalogue of this collection was printed in 1760, 116 pages 8vo. The third volume of the catalogue was published in 1856, containing the titles added from 1835 to 1856, together with an alphabetical index to the whole. It is an octavo, of 1138 pages, and is sold at $4 and $5 a copy. Persons entitled to the use of the library are, stockholders who pay $4 yearly; others, on deposit and hire. The books are lent out in great numbers; the librarian estimates it at 34,200. The number of persons who consult the library, without taking away books, is very considerable — the exact number cannot be stated. A deposit of double the value of the books taken, will obtain most of the books of the institution, if applied for by proper persons. LIBRARY OF THE FOUR MONTHLY MEETINGS OF FRIENDIS. (1857.) 5300 vols.;"The Library of Friends of Philadelphia, owes its origin to a bequest made by Thomas Chalkley, as appears by the following extract from his will, dated the 19th of February, 1741, viz.:'Having spent most of my days and strength in the work and service of the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, and having been joined as a member of the Monthly 11Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia, for above these 40 years, to them, as a token of my love, I give my small library of books.' "' A transcript from the will was presented to the Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia, held the 30th of February, 1742, and Robert Jordan, a member and eminent minister of that meeting, offering his services as librarian, the books, being 111 in number, were delivered into his possession, with a catalogue of their titles. Soon after this, Robert Jordan deceased, and Anthony Benezet being requested by the Monthly Meeting to take charge of the library, it was accordingly removed to his house; where it continued to be kept until the erection of a meeting-house, at the corner of Fourth and Chestnut Streets. "The small collection left by Thomas Chalkley, was gradually increased by purchases and the donations of benevolent individuals, 408 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. among whom we may particularly notice, Dr. John Fothergill, Peter Collinson, David Barclay, of London, grandson of the Apologist, and James Bright, of this city. Little attention, however, was given to it, and the books having been loaned without a regular record of the persons who borrowed them, many volumes were irrecoverably lost. " In the year 1765, the attention of the Monthly Meeting seems to have been awakened to the importance of preserving a collection of the writings of our early Friends, and other suitable books, for the perusal of its members; and a committee was appointed to devise some method of rendering the library more useful-to collect the books which had been lent out, to purchase others, and report the names of suitable Friends to have the charge of them. This committee recovered some of the missing volumes, repaired those which were injured, and made a new catalogue of the whole. " The late John Pemberton, who appears to have taken a warm interest in the improvement of the Library, and was actively engaged in its promotion, bequeathed a large number of books to it, as appears by the following extract from his will, dated Ist of April, 1794:'I give and bequeath unto my aforesaid friends, John Field and William Wilson, and the survivor of them, after the decease of my wife, one-half of my library of books, in trust, for the use and benefit, and perusal of Friends of the Three Monthly Mleetings in this city; and to be placed in the library for that purpose; wishing the beloved youth were more willing to read and become acquainted with the trials, sufferings, and religious experience of our worthy ancients.' " When the meeting-house on Arch Street, between Third and Fourth Streets, was erected, the library was removed to a room in the building, and in the year 1817, it was placed under care of a committee, consisting of one Friend from each monthly meeting in the city. "In March, 1842, an association of Friends who had supported a reading-room and library, having concluded to dissolve, presented their library, and the funds belonging thereto, to'the Committee of the Monthly Meetings, who have the care of Friends' Library;' with liberty for the committee to dispose of the gift as it might see best. This was an acceptable present, the interest on the funds enabling the committee to increase the library more rapidly than heretofore; but, as many of the books received were such as were already in the library, the committee made large donations of such duplicates to libraries not possessing them. PENNSYLVANIA. 409 "In the spring of 1844, a new building was erected on Arch Street near Third, for a book store and tract depository for the Society of Friends, the second story of which was offered for the accommodation of the library. The committee having charge of it, on its removal to the new building, concluded that it should be kept open on two afternoons in the week, instead of one, as it had for many years been. As this would involve an additional expense, the Four Monthly Meetings of Friends in Philadelphia, on the application of the committee, concluded to pay annually a small sum each, towards satisfying the librarian. At the same time, they increased the number of the committee having charge of the library, to two from each meeting. " The library, as a depository of the ancient writings of Friends, is invaluable, furnishing the most complete collection in America; and no expense is spared to add to it such scarce and valuable works of that description, as are not already on its shelves. "Among the few MSS., is a copy of the Vulgate, or St. Jerome's Bible, beautifully written and illuminated, on vellum, a thick 12mo. size volume, much admired and highly valued. It is supposed to have been written about A.D. 900. "In the Friends' Biblical Library, containing upwards of 200 copies of the Bible, in various languages and editions, and belonging to the Bible Association of Friends in America, there is a copy of the Vulgate, printed on paper, at Venice, in 1478; the illumination very plain, supplied in colors by hand. " The library is entirely gratuitous, and any member of the Society of Friends residing in Philadelphia can have the free use thereof, by subscribing to its rules. The use of it is not, however, confined to Friends. The sober, religious inquirer after truth, by application to the committee, with a satisfactory reference, may have the liberty granted to him for six months, and if he does not abuse the privilege, may have it continued as long as he desires it." MECHANICS' INSTITUTE, OF SOUTHWARK. (1857.) 32700 vols. The average daily attendance at the reading-room, during the year 1855, was about 40. Lectures on literary and scientific subjects were delivered weekly, from November to March, and were well attended. 410 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. The Institute is free from debt; and has on its roll about 300 contributing members, upon whose dues, $1 each, it depends almost entirely for its income. Receipts during 1856, $587 69. Total cost of lot, building, and furniture, $6365. 14,000 persons visited the rooms during the year ending August 31, 1856. 6727 volumes were lent to 293 persons. MERCANTILE LIBRARY COMPANY. (1857.) 13,400 vols. " The Mercantile Library Company was instituted in the year 1821, the first meeting, with a view to its establishment, having been held at the Masonic Hall, on the 10th of November in that year. From this meeting emanated a public notice, inviting merchants, merchants' clerks, and others friendly to the formation of a'Mercantile Library Association,' to meet at the Mayor's court-room, on the 17th of the same month. The object was submitted to the consideration of this meeting, and receiving the warm approbation of a large assemblage of merchants, a committee was appointed to report a constitution to a subsequent public meeting. The following gentlemen were appointed on this committee: Robert Waln, Robert Ralston, Joseph P. Norris, Zaccheus Collins, Bernard Dahlgren, John Roberts, Joseph HI. Dulles, William H. Jones, and William E. Bowen. The duties thus assigned them, received the particular attention of the distinguished citizens at the head of the list, whose names are an ornament, not only to this institution, but to the city and the country at large. By their personal influence and wise counsels, they have contributed greatly to the character of solid, unostentatious usefulness which the Company has hitherto sustained. " It being one chief object of the institution, to provide the advantages of a useful library at the least charge, the terms of membership were, originally, fixed at $3 contribution, on admission to membership, and a half-yearly payment of $1. These terms were varied subsequently, as the value of the library, and the expense of sustaining it, were increased. " The Board was organized on the 14th of January, and on the 19th, the rooms in the second story of the house No. 100 Chestnut Street, were engaged, at a rent of $100 a year; and D. Culver appointed librarian, at a salary of $100; the library to be kept open every evening, excepting Sundays. " The rooms were opened for use on the 5th of March, 1822, and an PENNSYLVANIA. 411 address to the public was made, setting forth the objects of the institution, and the benefits to be derived by men of business, from the use of a library peculiarly adapted to their purposes. This address was from the pen of Williaml M. Walmsley, one of the purchasing committee, who labored most faithfully in the service of the Company, from its institution until his decease, which occurred in 1840. " The rooms being much resorted to by the members, it was deemed proper to add a few daily newspapers to the collection of books and periodicals. At the annual meeting, 12th of January, 1825, it was ordered that this change be made, and three city papers and two from New York were taken. The supply of papers has been moderately extended from time to time. "The most important measure adopted by the Company, since its organization, was that by which it resolved itself into a joint stock company. The plan was proposed by the directors at the annual meeting of the members in January, 1826; and, in order to obtain deliberate action, and the acquiescence of all the members, the consideration of the subject was postponed to an adjourned meeting, held on the 26th of January, when it was unanimously adopted. " The experiment of sustaining such an institution had been fairly tried; a valuable collection of books had been obtained; and the character of the library was well established. To secure, in the most permanent form, the benefits thus acquired, it was resolved, That estimating the books, debts, and furniture, at $3000, the same be divided into 300 shares of $10 each; and that certificates of stock, transferable under regulations of the Board of Directors, be issued to that extent, subject to an annual payment of $1, the members of the Company, who have contributed $3, to be entitled to purchase each one share, at $7. At the annual meeting, in January, 1829, the directors were authorized to increase the issue of the stock, by 200 shares additional, making 500 shares in all. "In 1831, the contributions were increased, the stockholders being required to pay $1 half-yearly, viz., on the 1st of January, and 1st of July; and subscribers to pay $1 50, at each half-yearly payment. " With a view to the improvement of the members, a series of lectures on Mercantile Law, were delivered during the winter of 1827 and 1828, by a number of gentlemen of the bar. These, on the following winter, were renewed; and for several successive years, courses of lectures 412 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. were sustained by the Company, until the fall of 1837, when, on the formation of the Athenian Institute, the two associations united in the support of a course of lectures more extended and miscellaneous; since which time various useful and popular courses have been delivered by distinguished lecturers. In order to enjoy, to the fullest extent, the privileges of a corporate body, application was made, in the year 1828, agreeably to the Act of 6th April, 1791, and the Company became incorporated under the said act. For the better accommodation of the growing institution, the library was, in the year 1835, removed to No. 134 Chestnut Street. "The number of members having increased considerably, and the want of more spacious and suitable accommodations being felt, the directors began to take measures, if practicable to renmedy the inconvenience. With this view, as a preparatory measure, application was made to the Legislature of the Commonwealth, at its session of 1841-'42, for a special act of incorporation, with more extended powers and privileges than those conferred by the charter obtained from the Supreme Court under authority of the general law; and, accordingly, an act was passed by both branches of that body, which received the approbation of the Governor on the 1st day of July, 1842, creating the Company into a body politic and corporate, with ample powers and privileges, under and by which it holds the valuable property it now possesses. In pursuance of these powers, the members proceeded to pass a code of by-laws, by which, together with the act of incorporation, the Company has since been governed. "Being thus prepared for a wider sphere of usefulness, the directors, having first obtained the sanction of the Company, in the early part of the year 1844, purchased from the heirs of Dr. James Gallagher, deceased, the property at the southeast corner of Fifth and Library Streets, containing 36 feet in front on Fifth Street, and 100 feet on Library Street, at an annual ground-rent of $900, stipulating to redeem the same in ten years, by the payment of $18,000. Subsequently, they purchased, from the Directors of the Philadelphia Dispensary, the lot adjoining, on the south, containing 14 feet in front, on Fifth Street, by 100 feet in depth, at an annual ground-rent of $180, redeemable at pleasure, by the payment of $3000. By these arrangements, the Company became possessed of a lot, fronting 50 feet on Fifth Street, and 100 feet on Library Street, the site of the beautiful edifice now containing the library. PENNSYLVANIA. 413' At the time mentioned, the Company had accumulated a fund of about $3400-the avails of the lectures spoken of in the preceding sketch, which had been set apart for the purpose of erecting a library building. This amount being quite inadequate to the contemplated object, it became necessary to devise means for further augmenting it. The plan adopted for this purpose was as follows. It was proposed to open a subscription to shares of stock in the library, issuing scrip for the same, transferrable by indorsement, and allowing subscribers thereto, the privilege of holding the scrip, free of taxation, until such time as they might see fit to convert it into active shares, by taking out certificates, and using the library. The project succeeded admirably; and through the liberality of the merchants and their clerks, and other liberal-minded citizens of Philadelphia, but chiefly of the former, the directors, in a short time, had the gratification of finding themselves in possession of a sufficient amount of funds to warrant their undertaking the proposed improvement; and, accordingly, a contract was made with Messrs. Kilgore and Hudars, a most responsible building firms for the erection of the building. The improvement was made after a design by the late William Johnston, an amiable and talented gentleman, and under his superintendence, aided by a committee of the Board. It is considered a monument of his good taste and skill as an architect, and is looked on with pride and satisfaction by the members. " The building was commenced in October, 1844, and was finished in rather less than a year, to the entire satisfaction of the directors, at a cost of $23,199 42, including book-eases, desks, reading-tables, furniture, and gas-fixtures; also ground-rent, water-rent, taxes, and incidental expenses to the 1st of July, 1845, at which time the Company got possession of the property, and removed the books to the apartments at present occupied by the library. For convenience of arrangement, and adaptation to the purposes for which it was designed, it is believed that the building is not surpassed; and it is justly deemed one of the chief architectural ornaments of the city. From the income of the property, a floating debt of about $2500, which was upon it when the building was completed, has been paid off; and the grouncd-rent of $180 per annum, to the Philadelphia Dispensary, redeemed, leaving t;he property at this time free from incumbrance, save the ground-rent of $900 per annum to the heirs of Dr. Gallagher. " The income from rents, of that portion of the building not occupied 414 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. by the Company, is at present about $3100 per annum. When the ground-rent shall be entirely extinguished, the net product of this income will revert to the library fund, and greatly augment the means for extending the benefits and usefulness of the institution. "This library affords to the members a facility which is unusual, if it is not peculiar to this institution,-the book-cases are left open to inspection; thus giving to eaclh of the members as free a use of the books, as if they were in his private library. The plan requires, to render it as useful as possible, the actual division of the books in classes on the shelves, as exhibited in the classified catalogue." The librarian remarks that " the arrangement of titles under a single alphabet has been adopted, from the conviction now generally entertained by those who have had experience in the management of popular libraries, that it is more convenient and useful than any other. The plan of entering the books is threefold: first) under the name of the author; second, under that word in the title which most distinctly indicates the subject of the work; and third, under the proper title of the book. To each title is annexed the number of the class to which the book belongs, and the number which the book bears in that class." The price of shares is $10, and annual tax, $2. Subscribers pay $3 entrance fee, and $3 annually. The library is open every day, from 3 to 10 P.I. During 1854, 45,000 volumes were lent to 800 persons. 700 new books were added during 1855. The receipts during 1855, were $7057 10; and disbursements, $6416 79. During the year 1856, the receipts were $6902 60; and expenditures for books, $624 65; binding, $269 30; periodicals, $350 49; salaries, $1867 49. There are 1682 members. The librarian receives a salary of $1000, and an assistant $600. All the volumes are in English, excepting 200. Catalogues have been issued in the following years: 1822; 1824, 1500 volumes; 1828, 76 pages 8vo, 2118 volumes; a supplement in 1832, 60 pages 8vo., 3118 volumes; a classified catalogue in 1840, 182 pages 12mo., 6000 volumes; another in 1850, 450 pages 8vo., 10,500 volumes; a supplement in 1856, 132 pages 8vo., 13,400 volumes. About 800 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support, $2800. During the last five years, $2500 were expended for books, and $1800 for periodicals. 60 periodicals are taken. The catalogue of 1850 was classified in the first part; and the second part contained an alphabetical list of authors, and subjects of biography; PENNSYLVANIA. 415 a list of titles and one of subjects. The supplement of 1856 was prepared by the present librarian, and contains authors, titles, and subjects, under one alphabet, with references to the classes, and numbers of the books, as at present arranged. It cost 3580 60 for 750 copies. The library is open each week-day, from 10 A.M. to 10 P.Mi. MOYAMENSING LITERARY INSTITUTE. (1856.) 2400 vols. Founded July 1, 1852. It was formerly a branch of the Philadelphia Young Men's Institute, but is now entirely independent. The payment of $2 annually, or of $10 at one time, and $1 annually thereafter, constitutes any person a member. Number of life-members, 102; annual members, 159; $2 annual dues. The Institute is free from debt, and has an income from the rental of portions of the building, and from dues of members, sufficient to defray its expenses, while conducted on a very moderate scale. The receipts during 1854, were $1000. The library is of a miscellaneous character, and the books are arranged according to size. During 1854, 2669 volumes were lent to 427 persons. During the year ending August 31, 1856, 13,000 persons visited the rooms. 5000 volumes were lent. A catalogue was printed in 1854, at a cost of $70 for 300 copies. The librarian receives $200 per annunm. PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS. (1857.) 200 vols. Founded in 1805, by George Clymer, and others. It is supported by the fees received from visitors. Artists, students of art, and stockholders, are entitled to the gratuitous use of the library. It is a reference library merely; and is open two afternoons in each week, and contains 200 volumes, about half of which are rare folios. The curator receives a salary of $250 per annum. PENNSYLVANIA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 1050 vols. Founded in 1833. The library contains 1050 volumes (exclusive of numerous pamphlets) of works confined to subjects in horticulture, botany, agriculture, and natural history. It is questionable whether 416 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. there exists, in this country, another of such extent, embracing so few branches of science. It comprises, the best editions of every work, always colored illustrations, whenever attainable; a number of them very costly. Among these are the Pomologie Frangaise, in 4 folio volumes, costing $175; Berlier's Monograph -of the Camellia, in 6 volumes, about the same cost; and many works costing from $20 to $50 each. The Society has about 600 members, principally amateurs, and many of them citizens of high standing. About $4500 have been expended in the purchase of books. Appropriations from $200 to $400 are annually made froin the funds of the Society; and fines are also applied to the library. The library is open two evenings in each month. All the principal American and European Agricultural and Horticultural Journals are received. A catalogue was printed in 1850, at a cost of $75 for 1000 copies. PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL. (1857.) 11,000 vols. " The Hospital was established in 1750. The first medical book possessed by this institution appears to have been a present, in 1762, from Dr. John Fothergill. It was Lewis's History of the Materia Medica. The next year it was determined to demand a fee from students attending the wards at the time of the physicians visiting the patients, and to appropriate the money arising from thence, to the founding of a medical library. "Prior to the Revolution, about 100 volumes had been presented, and two orders for books had been sent to London. Only 11 volumes were added to the library from 1774 to 1787. One of these was a pamphlet; another,'Cullen's First Lines of the Practice of Physic,' 2 volumes 8vo.,'cost the apparently enormous sum of ~135 5s. This, however, when subjected to the talismanic operation of Richard Wells's scale of depreciation, shrinks to the comparative trifle of ~1 15s. specie!' "In the years 1787-'89, the amount paid for books was ~266 5s. 11d. The total expenditure for boolhs, previous to 1790, was equal to $886 48. The first catalogue, published in the year 1790, contains of folios, 21; quartos, 77; octavos, 341; duodecimos, 89; total, 528 volumes. "The increasing number of students from this time, has afforded a PENNSYLVANIA. 417 fund for the steady increase of the library. For several years, the books were selected and purchased by the celebrated Dr. Lettsom, who enriched the collection with many valuable donations. "In the year 1800, Sarah Lane presented 142 volumes of medical books, some of them very rare and valuable. A supplementary catalogue was printed in 1793, and a new catalogue in 1806, containing 127 pages Svo. "On the decease of Dr. Benjamin S. Barton, his extensive and rare collection of works on natural history, was purchased of his widow for $2270." A supplement to the second catalogue was printed in 1818. Another catalogue of the library, was printed in 1829, containing 324 pages 8vo. At this time the library contained 5828 volumes. A supplement, paged continuously with the catalogue, from page 325 to 426, was printed in 1837, at which time the library contained 7300 volumes. The last catalogue was published in 1856. The library occupies a large and elegant room in the Hospital. The books are mostly medical, and pertaining to kindred sciences. In these departments, it is probably the most extensive and valuable collection in this country. PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. (1857.) 3800 vols. " The city of Philadelphia has long enjoyed the proud distinction of having, by the efforts of its private citizens, originated, and since supported, the first institution for the care and treatment of the insane in America. " The first movements in this great work, were made in 1750, when a number of the benevolent citizens of Philadelphia-witnessing the deplorable condition of the insane, and of the sick poor of the Province, associated themselves together for the establishment of a Hospital for their relief. A charter was promptly granted by the Provincial Assembly, and the first patient was admitted in 1752. Thus originated the Pennsylvania Hospital, which has ever since been dispensing its blessings among the afflicted in every section of the State. From the opening of the Hospital, till 1856, it has received and treated in its wards, no less than 58,600 patients, and of these, 33,900 were poor people, who received every care and attention without expense, or 27 418 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. charge of any kind. All this has been effected without assistance from city, county, or State, with the exception of certain appropriations made by the Provincial Assembly, and by the State Legislature towards the.close of the last century, and which were expended in the erection of the original buildings in the city of Philadelphia. All contributions to the general fund of the Hospital are securely invested, and the entire income of the institution from this source, is devoted to the relief of the indigent sick and insane. "The care of the insane, always a prominent object with the founders of the Pennsylvania Hospital, has received a liberal share of attention from their successors, in every period of the history of the institution. From 1752, till 1841., the insane were received and treated in a portion of the buildings in the city of Philadelphia; but long before the last-named period, those connected with the institution became thoroughly convinced that the arrangements then existing, liberal as they were for the period when they were provided, did not comport with the character of Philadelphia for liberality and active benevolence, or with the spirit of the age, nor did they satisfy the wants of an enlightened community. A" The wise foresight of the early managers of the Hospital, in securing the vacant lots then surrounding the buildings in the city, and the careful husbanding of their resources, ultimately enabled their successors to carry out, in the most liberal manner, their long-cherished object, of providing in a country location, a new institution for the insane, replete with every desirable improvement, and without any call for aid from their benevolent fellow-citizens. The Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, two miles west of the River Schuylkill, the result of these efforts, may be referred to with entire confidence as an honor to the State, and a blessing to the whole community. "Since its opening, in 1841, 2445 insane patients have been received and treated in its wards, and of these, 1699 have been discharged entirely cured, or in various states of improvement, while a large number of others have been enabled to enjoy comforts in life, to which they had long been strangers. Its advantages have been restricted to no class of society; for among its cases have been numerous individuals endowed with the brightest genius, having the most cultivated intellects, or possessing the most abundant wealth, as well as those who have had to bear the double affliction of sickness and poverty. Of the whole number admitted, 610 were received and treated without charge of any PENNSYLVANIA. 419 kind, and a large number of others enjoyed the benefits of the institution at rates considerably below the actual cost of their support. "' The whole number of insane treated in the Pennsylvania Hospital, since its opening in 1752, is 6702. "The present buildings of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, are intended for the accommodation of 220 patients, 110 of each sex, this number being regarded by the best authorities, as about as large as is desirable, in the highest class of curative institutions for the insane. " The kindness of various friends has increased the attractiveness of the museum and reading-rooms very much, by additions to the stock of books, periodicals, and curiosities. Always quiet and comfortable, they are commonly in use, and form a very pleasant part of our arrangements, which rarely fail to be appreciated, especially by convalescent and cultivated patients. "The amount of reading-matter required in an institution like this is large, and of a more varied character than is generally supposed. Besides our permanent collection of books, a considerable number of periodicals are regularly received, and from 20 to 25 numbers of the Philadelphia daily papers are delivered to their subscribers, at an early hour every morning." The amount expended for books depends mainly on contributions, besides which about $100 a year are appropriated. The average annual number of volumes added to the library is about 250. The number of volumes lent to readers is large, probably not less than 4000. There are 14 ward libraries in the Hospital. PENNSYLVANIA SEAMEN'S FRIEND SOCIETY. This Society was formed in 1845, for the promotion of the spiritual: and temporal interests of seamen. Its operations have been very successful. It has provided a library for the Sailors' Home, and also furnishes collections of books to many vessels leaving the port of Philadelphia. PHILADELPHIA CITY INSTITUTE. (1857.) 1500 vols. A neat and commodious building was erected for this Institute in: 1855, at the corner of Chestnut and Eighteenth Streets, cost $25,254'. There are 217 life and 122 annual mnembers. 145 persons took books 420 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. for home use during 1855. During 1856, 8550 volumes were lent. 12,000 visits were paid to the rooms. A school of design has been established, and lectures are given. A subscription of fifty dollars entitles a person to three life memberships, one for himself, and two for persons named by him. Single life membership, twenty dollars. Contributing members, two dollars a year. Young persons, of both sexes, may become members for one dollar a year. All members are entitled to the privilege of the library, readingroom, and lectures. The reading-room is open every evening, except Sunday, from 6 to 10 o'clock, the year round. PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. (1857.) 1000 vols. Incorporated March 30, 1822. It has been in active and successful operation since its commencement. The most important object has been to establish a school of pharmacy. Most of the funds have been devoted to the erection of a suitable building. In 1829, a quarterly journal was commenced, which is still continued. In these volumes, all the important discoveries and improvements in pharmacy, &C., in Europe and America, are embraced. PUBLIC LIBRARY FOR PEOPLE OF COLOR. (1855.) 18300 vols. This Library is located on Lombard Street, near Eighth. Books are lent to all who give a guarantee that they will return them in good condition, and pay fines for injury or detention. During 1854, 5642 volunes were lent to 233 males, and 217 females. The rooms are open four days each week. A catalogue was printed in 1853; cost $42 for 500 copies. Several periodicals are taken. SOUTHWARK LIBRARY COMPANY. (1857.) 8237 vols. Founded January 18, 1822. This is a stock Company; any person being entitled to an interest on the payment of $5, and $2 annually. Clergymen have the gratuitous use of the library. The receipts, during 1854, were $O984 53. During 1854, 3275 volumes were lent to 167 persons. A catalogue was published in 1847, a duod~ecimo of 82 pages, of PENNSYLVANIA. 421 which 500 copies were printed. A number of periodicals are received. The librarian's salary is $160. Annual cost of support, $633 43. During the last five years, $450 40 were expended for books. SPRING GARDEN INSTITUTE. (1856.) 3250 vols. The building of this Institute is on Broad Street and Spring Garden, and cost, with furniture, $19,000. Literary, scientific, or historical lectures, are delivered weekly to large and highly respectable audiences. The income, derived from rents, &c., is at present about equal to the current expenses; leaving the amount that is received from members to be used for the increase of the library, and promoting the other objects of the Institute. Number of life members, 570. Annual members, 150. Annual fee, $2. From September 1, 1855, to August 31, 1856, 4500 persons visited the rooms for reading. 3900 volumes were lent out. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (1850.) 5000 vols. Founded in 1750. A catalogue, 103 pages 8vo., was prepared and printed in 1829 by Judah Dobson. The following facts are stated in the preface:" This library was begun by private donations of the friends of the institution; among whom, the Rev. William Smith, the first provost of the college and academy, and Dr. McDowell, one of his successors, deserve to be particularly noticed. - During the Revolutionary war, our little collection was enriched by a donation in books from his Majesty, Louis the Sixteenth. These books, printed at the royal printing-office, consist chiefly of mathematical works; of works on natural history; among which is a collection of M. Buffon's, and some of the Byzantine historians. They have been all carefully preserved, and will, it is hoped, long remain a memorial of the liberality of that great and unfortunate monarch." PHILOMATHEAN SOCIETY (UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA). (1855.) 1700 vols. Founded in 1813. Members of the Society only have the use of the library. During 1854, 918 volumes were lent to 51 persons. 422 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. ZELOSOPHIC LIBRARY (UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA). (1850.) 1250 vols. Founded in 1829. Junior members of the Society are entitled to the free use of the library; others pay $2 per annum. It is open every Friday, during collegiate sessions, from 12~ to 11 P.M. A catalogue was printed in 1850, 16 pages 12mo. WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE.. (1856.) 7000 vols. Incorporated March 9, 1855. The following account of the Institute, is taken from the announcement of the trustees, published in 1856:" Its origin has been due entirely to the exertions of Professor William Wagner. For many years past, he has been engaged in making collections of rare and valuable minerals, of natural geological illustrations, of organic remains belonging to all former periods of the world's history, and of recent conchological specimens, giving a complete view of that department of animals now alive. His conservatory of living plants is large and valuable, and, with his dried herbarium, embraces many thousand specimens. Beside all these, he has made a beginning of cabinets in other departments of natural history, and he has laid the foundation of a library of books on the natural sciences. In making these large collections, he has travelled many thousand miles in Europe and Asia, as well as in our own country, and the time and pecuniary means devoted to these objects, have been considerable. To preserve these collections, he has erected buildings on his own premises in the northern border of our city; but these were regarded as only a temporary provision, being, for want of room, altogether inadequate to allow a space for each specimen to be exhibited to view. " In one of these buildings he has delivered lectures during several years past on geology, mineralogy, and conchology. The admission to the lectures was always free, and the number of the audience present was limited by the want of sufficient room. The attendance on these lectures was a demonstration of what might be accomplished by an institution free to all, and furnished daily with lectures of good quality, and with such striking illustrations as his own cabinets and conservatory could supply. Measures were accordingly taken by him for the opening of such an institution. On the 9th day of March, 1855, the Legisla-.ture of the State of Pennsylvania, at his request, granted a charter, with PENNSYLVANIA. 423 ample powers for the objects in view. It provides for a Board of Trustees, who are authorized to confer the usual academic degrees, as testimonials for proficiency in scientific and literary knowledge. On the first Monday in May, in pursuance of the charter, the trustees held their first meeting, and were duly organized. The City Councils, perceiving the great advantages of affording free scientific lectures daily to all disposed to hear them, wisely granted the use of Spring Garden Hall to this new institution. " At the public inauguration of this building, the following paper was read, giving a concise account of the munificent donations of Professor Wagner:Schedule of Propertiy donated to the Wagner Free Institute, by Professor TY7illiam Wagner. "250,000 specimens of Minerals, collected from all parts of the inhabitable earth. "250,000 specimens of Geology and organic remains, of rare value to the student.;" 200,000 specimens of recent shells, for the purpose of comparison with their extinct genera, found in the various strata of the earth's crust.. "25,000 specimens of dried plants, constituting an extensive and valuable herbarium for botanical illustration. " Professor Wagner's library, philosophical apparatus, extensive assortment of diagrams, illustrating geological phenomena, maps and cabinet cases. " A large lot of ground near Broad Street. "' The regular courses of lectures began on the first Monday of October, 1855, and were continued without interruption, until the close of the first session, which occurred on the 16th of February, 1856; and, after the usual vacation of two weeks, the second session commenced with much zeal and interest on the part both of the professors and the classes; the lectures were continued until the 13th of June, which terminated the second session. During the year, about 450 lectures were given." WEST PHILADELPHIA INSTITUTE. (1856.) 2403 vols. Founded January 15, 1853, by the residents of West Philadelphia, assisted by the Young Man's Institute. Located William Street, north 424 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. of Market. Cost of building, &c., $11,114. The receipts, during 1854, were $5767. The annual subscription is $1. The library is open every day from 3 to 10 P.M. In six months, over 6000 volumes were lent to 342 persons. During 1856, 1300 visits were made to the rooms, and 9705 volumes lent. A number of the leading reviews, &c., are taken. The librarian receives a salary of $300. The average daily attendance in the reading-room is about 70. There are 11 life and 388 annual members. YOUING MAN'S INSTITUTE. This Institute was organized in 1850, for the purpose of encouraging the formation and success of library and literary associations in the City of Philadelphia. The report for 1855 states that, " before the close of the next year, seven institutes, provided with buildings, libraries, and other appliances, will probably be in operation. The object to be attained is the training up of an intelligent, skilful, industrious, and contented working class, in a city whose population, within fifteen years, will probably number a million." The receipts of the Institute, up to October 1, 1855, amounted to $35,585 61, of which $29,969 was lent to district associations. "These results, thus summed up, show that there is an aggregate of more than 11,000 volumes in the libraries; that, during the past year, more than 32,000 volumes have been lent for home reading; that more than 48,000 visits were paid to the reading-rooms by parties who partook of the intellectual food there dispensed; that one hundred pupils availed themselves of the valuable privileges afforded, for the culture of the eye and the hand, in designing and drawing, by the schools of the Institutes; that sixty-seven lectures, on literary, scientific, and artistic subjects, many of them replete with useful information, were listened to by thousands; and that, stimulated by your own generous contribution of more than $30,000, more than $50,000 additional have been contributed by our fellow-citizens to help onward the noble work commenced by you. Has your investment, then, been a poor one? Does not the consciousness of having helped to do so much good, of having laid the foundation of a superstructure whose fair proportions are now beginning to rise to view, pay back into your bosoms that which gives more pleasure than cent. per cent.? We feel assured that we need not await your response."-Report of the Presiclent, October, 1856. PENNSYLVANIA. 425 PITTSBtTRG. YOUNG MEN'S MERCANTILE LIBRARY. (1857.) 2700 vols. Founded September, 1847. Incorporated March, 1849. It is supported by annual subscriptions of $4, initiation fee of $1, and the proceeds from lectures. The library is open every week-clday, from 7~ A.M. to 10 P.M. During 1854, 2921 volumes were lent. The department of history is the richest in the library, as it contains more than 300 volumes. The works on jurisprudence, statistics, and political sciences, amount to 267 volumes; novels, 206; geography and travels, 484; biography, 200; reviews and magazines, 237; theology, 128; dictionaries and encyclopedias, 157; esthetics, dramatic, lyric, and didactic poetry, rhetoric, essays, 324; philosophy, 67; geology, &c., 339; commerce, manufactures, agriculture, 30; miscellaneous, 113. The reading-room is well supplied with periodicals and papers, both American and foreign. A catalogue of the library was published in 1850. The librarian receives a salary of $400, and an assistant $104. Annual cost of support,;1000. During the last five years, $325 were expended for books. WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (1857.) 684 vols. Incorporated in 1819. Organized in 1822. Destroyed by fire in 1845. Re-organized in 1855. Being suspended from 1845 to 1855, nothing was appropriated for books during those years. Average annual number of volumes added to the library about 50. "The University having been burnt in 1845, rebuilt in 1846, and again burnt in 1847, very much discouraged the trustees, and embarrassed the funds of the institution. Its recent re-organization, in 1855, in its new building, has not given it time to be in full operation, nor to be able to report as prosperously as we hope to do in a few years." YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 400 vols. The Association was first started in the year 1854, by a few young men; many of whom were from the Western Theological Seminary. It has 300 members, active and associate (1855). 17 periodicals and 25 newspapers are taken. 426 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. "CThe reading-room (the only one in the city which is free to all, particularly young men), presents a rich and varied repast to all of any literary or intellectual taste, being amply supplied with the best periodical literature of the times, both European and American, religious and secular, as follows: Twelve standard quarterly reviews and monthly magazines; twelve religious newspapers, representing the principal evangelical denominations; and six secular papers, being the dailies of our own city; these latter being furnished gratuitously by the publishers. These papers, after remaining one month in our rooms, are then donated to the House of Refuge. Our library is yet in embryo, although the few hundred volumes which now serve as a promising nucleus, by confidently anticipated and steady accretion, may soon become a library worthy of the name. During the past year, several prominent and liberal citizens have aided this department by generous contributions of books and money." POTTSVILLE. POTTSVILLE SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 373 vols. Organized 21st October, 1854. Incorporated June 3, 1857. This Association is devoted to the development of scientific interests generally; but particularly in relation to those branches of knowledge usually denominated "natural science." Any person, desirous of becoming a -member, must be proposed by two members to the Association, a majority of two-thirds, present at the next meeting, being necessary to his election. The initiation fee is $5, besides a yearly contribution of $4. A bulletin was published in 1855, containing valuable reports on palmontology, geology, the height of Pottsville, and other places in Pennsylvania, above tide-water, the falls of Niagara, &c. The Society is collecting a choice museum, and furnishes regular meteorological observations to the Smithsonian Institution. ROXBOROUGH. ROXBOROUGH LYCEUM. (1858.) 800 vols. This Society has been incorporated; has 100 members, and has erected a fine hall, at a cost of $4000. PENNSYLVANIA. 427 WEST CHESTER. CHESTER COUNTY ATHENAEUM. (1857.) 2092 vols. Founded February 9, 1827, and incorporated in 1828. The annual increase is 70 volumes, and the annual expenditure for books $85. There is a written, but not a printed catalogue. The library is open every day, at all hours, till 8 o'clock in the evening. The members and subscribers are entitled to the use of the library on the following terms: Stockholders pay each $2 per year; subscribers, 82 per year; minors, $1; transient subscribers, 6 cents per week for duodecimos, 8 cents for Svos. The number of books taken out usually average 800. Any respectable person can have the opportunity of consulting the library, or taking home the books. CHESTER COUNTY CABINET OF NATURAL SCIENCES. (1857.) 230 vols. "This is a small Society, composed of some half dozen naturalists, and about twice that number of public-spirited gentlemen, disposed to aid the pursuit. It was organized in this place in March, 1826, and was incorporated by that title in 1831, for the purpose of promoting a knowledge of natural history generally, and especially of this county. The Society has erected a hall, at a cost of five thousand dollars, and formed a museum therein, containing, among many other valuables, a large collection of minerals, with specimens of all that have been found in the county; the greater portion of the birds which annually visit it; and specimens of nearly 8000 species of plants, including all the known plants of the county, together with sections of the trees and shrubs; the entire herbarium completely labelled, and arranged according to the natural method; with a perpetual insurance of four thousand dollars on the building and its contents. The library contains 230 volumes, viz.: Folios, 10; quartos, 60; octavos, 130; duodecimos, 30; with many pamphlets; and consists, almost exclusively, of works on natural science; most of them standard works; with the certainty, ere long, of a very valuable accession to the botanical department. The average expenditures for and additions of books are now small, and only made occasionally for new and choice works (such as that of Professor Agassiz, now in press, for which we have subscribed). 428 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. The books are not often lent out, as in common circulating libraries; but are always accessible to and at the service of all students and cultivators of the natural sciences, together with the specimens in the museum. Our few working members are quietly and steadily making additions to the museum whenever opportunity offers; but, of late, we have not deemed it necessary to publish annual reports. This Society is now out of debt, and has a small, but certain revenue, which secures its permanency."-Dr. Darlington. The number of volumes reported in 1855, is less than that given in Jewett's " Notices of Public Libraries," on account of the removal of a case of books which had been conditionally granted to and deposited in the cabinet, and was in its custody upwards of twenty years. A more numerous and valuable library of natural history (chiefly botanical) has been secured to the cabinet by the will of its able President, and will eventually come into its possession. RHODE ISLAND. NEWPORT. MECHANICS' LIBRARY. (1850.) 1100 vols. The Newport Association of Mechanics and Manufacturers, was incorporated in 1792. The library was founded in 1828. The average expenditure for books has been about $50 per annum; the average increase of the library from 30 to 60 volumes. There is a fund of $1200 belonging to the Association, the income of which is applied to various objects besides the library, which is principally supported by a tax on the members. The library is open every Wednesday and Saturday evening, from 6 till 9 o'clock. All members of the Association, and the apprentices of members who have written orders from their employers, are allowed to take out books. About 1500 volumes are thus lent each year. RHODE ISLAND. 429 REDWOOD LIBRARY. (1857.) 7052 vols. A catalogue, 95 pages 8vo., of this library was published in 1843. The preface contains the following historical sketch of this institution: "The Redwood Library and Athenwuum owes its origin to a literary and philosophical society, which was established in Newport, in the year 1730. This Society was composed of some of the most respectable men of the town of Newport, at that period one of the most remarkable in the American colonies, for its wealth, learning, and public spirit. Its origin is connected with a splendid name in literature and philosophy. The celebrated Bishop Berkeley, who resided at this time on Rhode Island, encouraged the formation of this institution, and participated in its discussions. He was the intimate friend of some of its members; and the charm of his conversation, undoubtedly, gave a delightful interest to its meetings. Berkeley resided on Rhode Island from January, 1i729, to September, 1731; and from frequent intercourse with these vigorous-linded men, derived that knowledge of American character which prompted his muse to utter the prophetic declaration,' Westward the star of empire takes its way.' C"In the accomplishment of this new object, a great impulse was given by Abraham Redwood, Esq., who, in 1747, placed at the disposal of the Society, ~500 sterling, for the purchase of standard books in London. To give.permanence and usefulness to his donation, Mr. Redwood enjoined on the Society the duty of erecting an edifice as a depository for such books as might be purchased. In pursuance of their object, a charter of incorporation was obtained in 1747, and the Society, in honor of their most liberal benefactor, assumed the name of the Redwood Library Company. For the erection of a library building, ~5000 were almost immediately subscribed by different citizens of the town. Henry Collins, Esq.,l proved a noble coadjutor of Mr. Redwood, and presented, in June, 1748, to the Company, the lot of land, then called Bowling Green, on which the present library edifice now stands. 1Henry Collins was a merchant of Newport, distinguished for his wealth, liberality, and taste. He employed Smibert, who came out with Dean Berkeley, to take-the portraits of Callender, Clap, Hitchcock, and Berkeley. Smibert was an excellent artist, and had been previously patronized, while at Florence, by the Grand Duke of Tuscany. The portrait of Henry Collins, taken by Smibert, is supposed to be in the possession of some branch of the Flagg family; but the proprietors of the library have not, as yet, been enabled to obtain it. 430 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. "The library building, which is a beautiful specimen of the Doric order, was commenced in 1748, and completed in 1750. The plan was furnished by Joseph Harrison, Esq.,l assistant architect of Blenheim House, England. He also superintended the erection of the edifice, with the committee of the Company, consisting of Samuel Wickham, Henry Collins, and John Tillinghast. The master-builders were, Wing Spooner, Samuel Green, Thomas Melville, and Israel Chapman. The principal front is ornamented with a portico of four Doric columns, 17 feet in height, and projecting 9 feet from the walls of the building. The edifice consists of a main building, and two small wings on each side, ranging in a line parallel with the west end of the building. The wings furnish two rooms, of about 12 feet square. The principal library room, occupying the whole of the main building, is 37 feet long, 26 feet broad, and 19 feet in height. The edifice is lighted by seven whole windows, and three attic windows in the east and west ends. "The first meeting of the Redwood Library Company, after their incorporation, was held in the Council Chamber, in Newport, on the last Wednesday of September, 1747. "A At a meeting of the Company, in the Council Chamber, on the 4th of July, 1748, the directors presented a catalogue of the books which they proposed to purchase in London. The liberal share given in this catalogue to the ancient classics, evinced a disposition to provide for the scholar the objects of his favorite study. In these times of customary appeal to direct utility, we fear a less liberal expenditure would be allowed for the gratification of classical taste. This catalogue, with Mr. Redwood's bills of exchange, was sent immediately to Mr. John Thomlinson, Esq., of London, who appears to have satisfactorily executed the commission of the Society. He was elected an honorary member in 1749. " In 1750, a tax of twelve hundred pounds was assessed on the members of the Company, to defray the expense of completing the building. " In 1755, the Rev. Ezra Stiles was admitted an honorary member of the Society. His distinction, as a scholar and theologian, connected with his exertions in behalf of the library, justifies some allusion to his character, in an historical sketch of the institution. The Redwood Library, at the time of his settlement in Newport, contained about 1500 volumes of standard books. The classical and theological departments were the most valuable, and constituted the principal attraction, which H1 arrison was architect of the beautiful little Episcopal Church in Cambridge. RHODE ISLAND. 431 determined Dr. Stiles to fix his residence in Newport. He remained in Newport twenty years, and, during the greater portion of the time, officiated as librarian of the Company. Having constant access to this valuable collection of books, he drew from it, by assiduous study, his great and various learning. He held an extensive correspondence with European scholars, and the principal object of that correspondence was to illustrate and perfect those researches and investigations in philosophy, history, antiquities, and physical science, to which his mind had been prompted by the perusal of books which he found on our shelves. His zeal for the diffusion of knowledge, led him to solicit for the library valuable works from European authors. Many of these works, obtained through his instrumentality, are still preserved in the library. The copy of Montanus's Hebrew Bible and Dictionary, now belonging to the library, enabled him to perfect his knowledge of the Hebrew language; and a folio copy of Homer still bears the marks of his profound study, in the form of Greek annotations, in his own handwriting. He was one of the most eloquent advocates of liberty in the colonies before the Revolution.;" No meetings of the Library Company were held from 1778 to 1785. During the Revolution, the town of Newport was occupied by various armies. The disastrous state of the town compelled many of the best citizens to leave their homes, and to seek shelter for themselves and families in the more secure retreats of the country. The tumults of war and revolution interrupted the peaceful pursuits of literature, and exerted a chilling influence on the growth of knowledge, and the prosperity of institutions like that which forms the subject of our sketch. During the war, the library building is said to have been defaced, and many of the books carried off. To the honor of Gen. Prescott, it is said that, on being informed of the exposed state of the library, he stationed a military guard to protect it from further injury and depredation. "' The public attention was not directed to the importance of the institution till the year 1810, when the Society received an accession of spirit and ability by the admission of a large number of new proprietors. In 3March, 1810, James Ogilvie, Esq., visited the town, and delivered several lectures on the advantages of public libraries, which contributed essentially to awaken the public to the claims of the Redwood Library on their generosity and support. He made the Society a liberal donation of select and valuable books. From 1810 to the present time, a very respectable interest has been maintained in the institution, and the funds placed at the disposal of the Society have been judiciously managed in accomplishing the plans of its founders. 432 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. " The exertions of the late Robert Johnston, Esq., in behalf of the institution, demand honorable mention. By his solicitation, some of the most rare and valuable works in the library were obtained from different individuals in Newport and its neighborhood. In 1834, he made great efforts to enrich the library with the public records of England. He succeeded in obtaining 84 volumes (72 large folios, and 12 octavos) from the Lords Commissioners and Lord Lyndhurst, in consequence of his application to them, through the medium of his friend and agent, Thomas Bland, Esq., of London. These volumes, containing the most valuable materials of English history, were understood to be obtained as a present from the King of Great Britain, on the application of Lord Lyndhurst. As such they will be perpetually preserved in the Redwood Library. "In 1813, Solomon Southwick, Esq., of Albany, gave to the library 120 acres of landcl, in the State of New York, for the purpose of advancing the institution, and thereby perpetuating the memory of Henry Collins, Esq., one of its principal founders. "In 1834, Abraham IRedwood, Esq., of Dorset Place, Marylebone, England, being desirous of promoting an institution founded by his honored grandfather, gave to the Company the homestead estate, situated in Newport, which he inherited from his father, Jonas Redwood, Esq. " In 1837, Baron 1-Hottinguer, a distinguished banker of Paris, who was connected by marriage with the Redwood family, presented to the Company one thousand francs, for the restoration of the building. "'In 1840, the Hon. Christopher G. Champlin bequeathed to the Company $100, and some valuable books. "The propietors are also indebted to the Hon. William C. Gibbs, for his liberality in permitting a free access to a valuable collection of books, at present deposited by him in the library. " The library-room is adorned by several paintings and busts. The beautiful bust of John Marshall was presented, in 1839, by Augustus E. Silliiman, Esq., of New York. The acknowledgments of the Company are due to Charles B. King, Esq., of Washington, for his numerous and valuable donations; among which are the portraits of Columbus, and that of Abraham Redwood, the founder of the library." About 125 volumes are added yearly. Receipts, during 1854, $267 65. Expended for books, $59 11. Binding, $10 12. Periodicals, $51. Salaries, $50. Incidentals, $97 42. The annual cost of support is $250. During the last five years, $G43 18 have been expended for RHODE ISLAND. 433 books. The library is open twice a week. During 1854, 4000 volumes were lent to 102 persons. 6583 volumes are in English, 79 French, 97 Latin, 12 Greek, 9 Hebrew. 15 periodicals are taken. PROVIDENCE. BROWN UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 28,500 vols. Incorporated in 1764. This University was originally established in the town of Warren, where, in the year 1769, the first commencement took place. It was removed to Providence, and the College edifice erected there in 1770. The library was commenced by the purchase of books to the amount of ~20, through the agency of Rev. Morgan Edwards, in 1768. In 1776, the library was removed to the country for safety, during the war. The College was disbanded December 6, 1776, immediately after the British troops took possession of Newport. From December 7, 1776, to June, 1782, the College building (now University Hall) was occupied, first as a barrack for the American militia, and afterwards as a hospital for the French army, commanded by Count Rochambeau. On the return of peace, the College edifice was purified and refitted, the library was brought back, and the business of instruction resumed. To encourage a liberal subscription to the library, Mr. John Brown agreed to furnish an amount equal to whatever the corporation could raise. In 1784, ~350 were appropriated for books. Donations of books were made in 178-4, by the Bristol Education Society, in England; in 1785, by Granville Sharp; in 1787, by Mr. John Francis; in 1792 and 1815, by Nicholas Brown; in 1806, by Rev. Isaac Backus; in 1818, by Rev. William Richards, of Lynn, England. The libraries of the Philophysian and Franklin Societies, composed of undergraduates, when these societies became extinct, were, by provisions of their constitutions, incorporated with the College library. They, together, contained 300 or 400 volumes. "' Among the additions to the library, a collection of 58 volumes of Ordination Sermons, presented by the I-Ion. Theron Metcalf, of Boston, a graduate of the College in the class of 1805, deserves particular notice. These volumes contain 1300 discourses preached at ordinations, installations, and inaugurations in the United States, and mostly 28 434 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. in New England. This is, without doubt, the largest collection of the kind that has ever been made, and is of much importance as connected with the ecclesiastical history of the country." "In the year 1818, 1300 volumes relating principally to Welsh history and antiquities, were received from the bequest of Rev. Winm. Richards, of Lynn, England.' In 1831, a subscription amounting to $19,437 50, of which Nicholas Brown gave $10,000, was raised and placed at interest, until, in 1839, it had accumulated to $25,000, and was then invested as a permanent fund. "' The room appropriated to the library, at the time when the library fund was raised,'was an apartment in University Hall, crowded to excess, unsightly and wholly unsuited for the purpose, to which, from necessity, it was devoted.' To remedy this defect, the Hon. Nicholas Brown erected, at his own expense, a beautiful edifice for a library and chapel; to which, in testimony of veneration for his former instructor, he gave the name of Manning Hall. The building was dedicated in 1835. "Soon after the removal of the library to the new building it was newly arranged, and, in 1843, a full catalogue of its contents, by Professor Jewett, was printed. This catalogue was favorably noticed in the North American Review, and in other leading periodicals, and drew special attention to this important department of the institution.;" Soon afterwards, a chair of modern languages was established at the College; and the professor elect was encouraged to visit Europe, partly for the purpose of professional study, and partly to enable the friends of the College to carry out more effectually their wishes for the increase of the library. This agent was authorized by Mr. John Carter Brown to select and purchase, at his expense, such books in the French, German, and Italian languages, to the value of about $2700, as he might think most useful for the College. The selection was made, both of works and of editions, without regard to cost; but the books were purchased with the closest reference to economy. For about $2600 the number of volumes of bound books purchased was 2921, viz., 121 folios, 392 quartos, 1627 octavos, and 781 duodecimos, besides 74 valuable maps and engravings. These books were all well bound, most of them newly and elegantly, in half calf, plain gilt. The average price per volume, including binding and all other expenses, was about 89 cents. This collection includes a set of French, German, and Italian classics, in the best and fullest RHODE ISLAND. 435 library editions; the principal philosophical, scientific, and historical works of late continental scholars; a complete set of the Moniteur Universel, from its commencement to 1826-a clean, beautiful, well-bound copy of the original edition, with the introduction, indexes, &c., in 77 volumes folio; a set of the memoirs of the French Institute since its reorganization, volumes 4to.; the collection of memoirs relative to the history of France, by Guizot and Petitot, 162 volumes 8vo.; a complete set of the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, 134 volumes 4to.; and of the Allgemeine Deutsche Bibliothek, 133 volumes 8vo.; I1 Vaticano, 8 volumes folio, elegantly illustrated; II Campidoglio, 2 volumes folio; the luseo Borbonico, 13 volumes 4to., the original Naples edition; the works of Canova and Thorwaldsen; the Musee Frangais and MusSe Royal, in 6 volumes folio; the Description de l'Egypte, Canina's Architecture, and many more illustrated works of great beauty and value, besides rare and costly maps and prints. These books were mostly purchased at auctions in Paris, Rome, Leipsic, Frankfort-on-the-Maine, and Berlin. Many were procured at provincial sales. To supply the deficiencies of the library in standard English works, a subscription was opened among the friends of the College, amounting to about $5000, and the same agent was appointed to select and purchase the books. This collection was received in the library in 1845, and raised the whole number of volumes to nearly 20,000.' The class which graduated in 1821, held a meeting in Providence, a quarter of a century from the time of their graduation, at which a considerable sum of money was subscribed for the benefit of the library, in token of their grateful interest in the institution at which they were educated. The money thus obtained was placed in the hands of Dr. Thomas H. Webb, of Boston, who purchased, with excellent judgment, about 500 volumes, mostly from the library of the Hon. John Pickering. "The next year, 1847, the Rev. Samuel Osgood, then a clergyman in Providence, and now in New York, proposed to the several religious societies of the city a subscription, for the purpose of supplying the deficiencies of the library in the best editions of the Fathers of the Church, and the standard theological writers of the Reformation. About $2000 were raised, and a superb collection was purchased of the Benedictine editions of several of the Fathers; the Bibliotheca Maxima Veterum Patrum, 30 volumes, folio; Harduin's Collectio Conciliorum, 12 volumes, folio; besides the choicest and most elegant editions of 436 PUBLIO LIBRARIES. many of the Fathers not edited by the Benedictines, and a large collection of works connected with patristic literature, and the history of the Reformation. "The Library Committee had before this issued a circular, soliciting the donation of files of newspapers, important pamphlets, &c. In answer to this call, a vast mass of pamphlets and papers were sent to the library. From the whole, about 5000 were assorted and arranged, and they form now an invaluable collection. Brown University certainly deserves great credit for the care with which she has garnered and guarded these neglected, but precious, memorials of our earlier history.'In 1793, the library contained 2173 volumes; in 1826, 5818 volumes; in 1843, 10,235; in January, 1849, 21,520, exclusive of pamphlets and of duplicates; in January, 1850, 23,000; in 1857, 29,000. "It has a large number of maps, charts, engravings, and elegantly illustrated works. From the income of the fund, about $1200 per annumn is appropriated to the purchase of books. The building (called Manning Hall) is built of rubble stone, and is stuccoed. The library occupies the whole of the ground floor. Its dimensions are 64 by 38 feet, height 13 feet. In the centre is a double row of fluted columns, from which the shelves extend to the walls, forming twelve alcoves. The books are, so far as convenient, arranged on the shelves according to subj'ects. "The first catalogue was printed in 1793; the second in 1826; and the third and last in 1843 (560 pages, 8vo.); cost $1000 for 750 copies. This catalogue is alphabetical, according to the authors' names, and has a copious alphabetical and analytical index of subjects. The library is open, during term time, daily, from 9 A.M till 1 P.M.; during vacations, weekly, on Saturdays, from 10 to 12. The members of the corporation; the president, professors, tutors, and register; all resident graduates; all the donors to the library fund; all donors to the fund for building Rhode Island Hall; and all donors to the library to the amount of $40, residing in the City of Providence, are entitled to the use of the library without charge. Under-graduates are entitled to the use of the library, and are charged therefor $3 per annum. During the year 1848, from January 7 to December 5, 4069 volumes were taken out." During 1854, 6000 volumes were taken out by 600 persons. The books most called for are those connected in various ways with the courses of study pursued in college, and embracing more especially those departments of knowledge relating to the classics, mathematics, chemis RHODE ISLAND. 437 try, physiology, history (general), English, French, and German literature, mental and moral philosophy, political economy; besides standard theological works, commentaries, dictionaries, &c. The salary of the: librarian is $900; assistant, $130. About 15,000 volumes are in English, 3500 French,'2000 German, 500 Spanish, 1000 other modern languages, 4000 Latin, 1500 Greek, 100 Hebrew, 100 Oriental. About.1000 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $8000 have been expended for books. 28 periodicals are taken. The University has upwards of 10,000 unbound pamphlets.-R. A. PHILERMENIAN SOCIETY (BROWN UNIVERSITY). (1857.) 4000 vols. " In July, 1794, a few individuals formed themselves into a combination, under the name of MISOKOSMIAN SOCIETY, for the. promotion of social intercourse, and for improvement in forensic discussion. "aIn 1798, the constitution was remodelled, and the project of forming a library being for the first time entertained, the Society assumed the more appropriate name of Philermenian. " The College Library was, in 1800, situated in University Hall, and in the same apartment a case was allotted for depositing the Society's collection; in consideration of which, by anl article in the constitution, the books were to become the property of the University Library, in case the Society should ever be disbanded. "In the year 1820, 26 undergraduate members presented to the library a handsome donation of $138, which was placed in the hands of a committee, to be expended at their discretion in the purchase of books; $45 were also subscribed soon after, for procuring the necessary bookcases. "The regular meetings had thus far been held in succession at the rooms of the different members; but after the erection. of Hope College, a suitable apartment was appropriated by the Corporation for the use of the Society, and in 1823, the library was transferred to the new building. "In the following year, the FRANKLIN SOCIETY was established. The circumstances of its origin are briefly these: In the year 1824, an unusually large class entered the University; the limited numbers of both the other Societies were completely filled, and no other resource 438 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. was left to those who wished to enjoy similar advantages, than the formlation of a third association. It existed, however, but ten years; and in 1834, the handsome collection of several hundred volumes which it had accumulated was, by the provision of its charter, incorporated with the College library." The library is open one hour on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The books are arranged by subjects. All are in English. During 1854, 1925 volumes were lent to 200 persons. Scott, Cooper, Irving, MIacaulay, Baneroft, and Poe, are the favorite authors. Receipts during 1854, $303 62; expenditures for books, $200; binding, $29 27; periodicals, $11; salaries, $30; incidentals, $25 37. A catalogue was printed in 1849. Salary of librarian, $25. UNITED BROTHERS' SOCIETY (BROWN UNIVERSITY). (1857.) 4000 vols. Founded in 1806. In the year 1806, upwards of 100 students were residents of the University, only 45 of whom could, by the constitution, be admitted to the privileges of the Philermenian Society. Great dissatisfaction at this spirit of exclusiveness was naturally occasioned, and another Society was accordingly established, under the name of the UNITED BROTHERS, similar in its constitution to the Philernmenian. The library is open one hour every Wednesday and Saturday. During 1854, 2034 volumes were lent to 200 persons. In 1856, 521 volumes were lent to 153 persons. Nearly all the books are in English. A catalogue, 54 pages 8vo., was printed in 1843, cost $140 for 800 copies. During the last five years, $75 have been expended annually for books. 5 reviews are taken. Salary of librarian, $25. FRANKLIN LYCEUM. (1857.) 2500 vols. "Established in the summer of 1831. In April, 1832, the name of'Providence Lyceum' was adopted; but this, on the 22d December following, was changed to that which it has since borne, of' Franklin Lyceuln.' In July, 1833, the Society consisted of thirteen resident, and two corresponding members. In April, 1835, after having been previously located, for different periods, in three other places, the first at the house of Mr. Shove, they removed to the De Witt Building, in Waterman Street, where, first in the smaller room, and afterwards in the enlarged and spacious hall, they continued until the year 1849. In 1843, RHODE ISLAND. 439 an act of incorporation from the Legislature was obtained, the Society at that time numblering, according to the list compiled with the Constitution and By-Laws then published, thirty-one resident, and twenty-four corresponding members; the latter, nearly all of them, having previously been resident members, but had removed fronm the city. In the fall of 1848, having received a large accession of members, from a Society formed a short time before, and called the'Westminster Lyceum,' but which now merged their name and existence in this, it was decided to remove to a more central location; and, on the 1st of January, 1849, the Society held their first meeting in the beautiful hall, Westminster Street, which they now occupy. "The records of the Society, from its commencemenB, show a list of 436 members; which, reduced by the hand of death, and the withdrawal of names, leaves (in 1856) an active membership of about 280 persons. The library, from its commencement, has been continually receiving additions to its shelves, and now contains some two thousand volumes; which, with the yearly appropriation for the purchase of new publications, constitutes it one of the best libraries for the practical business man and general reader that the city affords. Upon the table of the reading-room are placed a number of the choicest magazines and literary periodicals as they appear, together with the daily newspapers of our own city, and those of New York and Boston, rendering this an agreeable resort for leisure evenings. Spirited debates are conducted weekly in the hall of the Lyceum, proving alike instructive to those who participate in the discussions and those who listen. A course of popular lectures, from speakers of a high order, have been delivered each season for a number of years past, which have been well received, and sustained by our citizens." In 1852, the library contained 400 volumes. The annual increase is 600 volumes. During the winters of 1852-3, $2000 were raised for the purchase of books. The total amount expended for books has been $3400. A catalogue was printed in 1856, 45 pages, 8vo.; cost $75 for 600 copies. Receipts, 1855, $1011 68. Expenditures, $771 09. Salary of librarian, $75. Annual cost of support, $500. The library is open from 7 to 9 every evening. All the books are in English. During 1856, 3000 volumes were taken out, chiefly works of fiction. 21 periodicals are taken. FRANKLIN SOCIETY. (1857.) 600 vols. Founded in 1823. The Providence Franlklin Society is an associa A440 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. tion devoted especially to the study of natural science and the mechanic arts. It holds weekly meetings during a considerable part of the year, at which papers are read, and specimens and experiments are exhibited by the members and other citizens. It has also valuable collections in different departments of natural history, which are increasing by the labor of members in collecting and exchanges. The library is intended as a help in these active operations, and is not complete in any department. It contains many manuals in different branches of science, with a large number of elaborate and expensive works. The cabinets of the Society embrace a large collection, illustrating the geology and mineralogy of the State of Rhode Island, with duplicates: collections in also every department of natural history; fossils, antiquities, &c. The Society is in possession of valuable anatomical preparations, with a laboratory, and chemical and philosophical apparatus. FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL. (1850.) 1500 vols. "A valuable collection, consisting of Friends' books, and scientific and miscellaneous works, the bequest of that benevolent patron of the institution and of learning, the late Obadiah Brown, has, by a provision in the will of the venerable Moses Brown, received a large addition. This library now contains one of the most extensive and valuable collections of Friends' books in the country." PERRIN'S CIRCULATING LIBRARY. (1855.) 5000 vols. Founded in 1820, by George Dana. During 1854, receipts, $1300. Expended for books, $215- 50. Binding, $38 31. Periodicals, $10. Salaries, 200. Incidentals, $130. Subscribers pay $1 for three months; $1 75 for six months; $3 per year. Non-subscribers pay 10 cents a volume. During 1854, 20,000 volumes were lent to 2500 persons. Seveneighths of the works read were fiction; one eighth travels and history. A catalogue was printed in 1854, 44 pages 12imo; cost $90 for 2500 copies. PROVIDENCE ATHENIEUM. (1856.) 20,267 vols. "The Providence Athenauml originated in a compromise, effected RHODE ISLAND. 441 in the year 1836, between two previously existing library institutions, which had, for some years, divided the sympathies and support of the community; and which, experience had shown, could not both be successfully maintained. It was accordingly agreed, after ineffectual attempts to unite them, that each should surrender its separate existence, for the purpose of forming a new and enlarged institution. "These two institutions were,'The Providence Library Company,' formed in 1753, but not incorporated until 1798, and'The Providence Athenaeum,' formed and incorporated in 1831.' The Providence Library was, for nearly eighty years, the only public library established for the benefit of the people of Providence and its vicinity. The Providence Library was first established in the year 1753, and placed in the Town House, in which the courts and the General Assembly of the colony then held their sessions. On the night of the 24th of December, 1758, the house, together with the library, except about seventy volumes, which were in the hands of proprietors, was consunied by fire. In 1762, by the great exertions of several of the proprietors, it was re-established, by the importation of books from London; a catalogue of which had been sent out by their committee. In 1764, the books, by permission of the General Assembly; were placed in the Council Chamber in the new Court-house, when the expense of finishing the east end of that elegant room was paid by the Library Company, for the privilege of keeping the books in this place; and it was further agreed, that the members of both Houses of the Assembly should have the use of the books during their sessions here. In the year 1770, Rhode Island College was established in this town, and the college edifice erected the same year. On this occasion, the Library Company offered the use of the books to the students and officers of that institution, until a library could be procured sufficient for that respectable establishment. Under these circumstances, and from the doors being left open to accommodate the members of the Legislature, other persons, in the absence of the librarian, had access to the books; many of which were lost, and the value and usefulness of the library were evidently declining; and the proprietors, having no corporate powers, had not sufficient authority to enforce a compliance with their votes and regulations. It was, therefore, determined to apply to the General Assembly for an act of incorporation; and, on that being obtained, to adopt such measures to preserve the books, and increase their numbers, as might render the 442 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. institution more useful and respectable, and to bear some proportion to the progressive increase of the town. Application was accordingly made to the Assembly, and the charter of incorporation was granted in October, 1798. "The original act of incorporation was farther amended by an act passed October, 1818. Under this charter, as amended, the Providence Library Company continued in being till it was merged, by its own consent, in the Athenaeum. It appears, from a printed catalogue of the books belonging to the Providence Library, in the year 1768, that the total number was 911 volumes. In this number, comparatively few works of fiction were to be found; the age of cheap editions, and of pens prolific in works of fancy, not having then dawned upon the world. When it is considered that the original library was nearly all destroyed by fire in 1758, and that, in the year 1768, the population of Providence was only 3869, a collection of substantial books, belonging to a private association, and numbering nearly 1000 volumes, speaks well for the liberality and taste of our forefathers. There exists a manuscript eatalogue, which was, probably, after the accession of books, having been made in that year. "By a catalogue, it appears that the library.then contained 194 folios and quartos, 1148 octavos, and 450 duodecimos, and smaller; total, 1792 volumes. And from a list appended, it appears that there were, at that time, 273 proprietors, owning 292 shares. The library room, mentioned above, to which the books were removed from the Council or Senate chamber of the court-house, and where they continued to remain until merged in the Atheneum, is well remembered by most of our citizens. It was in the third story of the building, owned and in part occupied by the Washington Insurance Company, and which, in the year 1844, was demolished, and their present building erected on the same spot. The Providence Library had now, for some years, fallen into great neglect. Its affairs were very carelessly managed, and no new books were added. This led to the formation of the other institution, from which the present one derives its origin, the first Providence Athenauum, which'was incorporated by the General Assembly of Rhode Island, at its June session, 1831, and went into operation on the 18th of June, of the same year.' " The building was opened for the use of the proprietors on the following Monday, July 16th. It was built in the most substantial manner, as is described in detail in the report of the Building Committee, ap RHODE ISLAND. 443 pended to their third Annual Report. Its cost was about $15,000; and for the incidentals of the building, excavations, embankments, fences, &c., about $4000 more. The total receipts of the institution, at its commencement, from donations, subscriptions, sale of shares, and contribution of the Franklin Society, were between $-30,000 and $34,000. Of this sum,;19,000 were expended on the building and grounds, and $5000 invested in bank stock, leaving $9000 to commence the purchase of books. "The Athenunum occupies a commodious and beautiful building, in a central situation; and safe, as regards danger from fire. It is of the Grecian Doric order of architecture, built of granite, 48 feet in width, and 78 feet in depth, consisting of a basement and principal story. The front is of fine hammered Quincy granite, and has a recess supported by two fluted granite columns, 14 feet high, each shaft in one piece. The side walls are of rough granite, from Johnston, in this State; and the rear is of rough stone wall, plastered. The roof is covered with zinc. The lower basement-story has two entrances, one at the north, and one at the south; the latter communicating, by a staircase, with the upper part of the building. The height of this story is 10~ feet, and it contains two rooms. The largest, and the one first entered, is 36 by 43 feet; and the rear one is 20 by 43 feet. The first mentioned forms a commodious reading-room; and a stairway in the centre connects it with the library above. The rear is appropriated to a more convenient arrangement and display, than it has hitherto been possible to make, of maps, charts, engravings, and large illustrated works. The upper or principal story has its main entrance in front, approached over a bank with steps at each end, and steps in the centre of the building, conducting to an entry eight feet wide by thirteen long; on each side of which, and communicating with it, is a room 13 by 18 feet, formerly used as the reading-room, and now as the librarian's room; the other, for directors' meetings, committees, &c. The library, or principal room, is entered through the front entry, or through either of the rooms just mentioned; it is 18 feet high, 32 feet long by 43 wide, on the floor, and about 44 feet long by 43 wide from within, about 7 feetbelow, and up to the ceiling; this difference in length is caused by the space (forming the gallery before mentioned) left over the librarian's and directors' rooms, which are 10 feet high. The east room, so called, in the rear of the library room, and entered through it, is 18 feet high, and 20 by 43 feet in dimensions, and contains a part of the library. 444 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Both these rooms are furnished with ornamental and convenient alcoves, for the accommodation of the books. The number of volumes that can be accommlodated in the library, with the present arrangements, is about 25,000; and these accommodations could be greatly increased, by enlarging and changing the disposition of the alcoves, and by occupying the basement story. "The library of the Athenmeum contains many rare and valuable works, besides those heretofore named as donations, such as Audubon's larger work on the Birds of America; his work on Quadrupeds; Boydell's Shakspeare, American edition; Biographie Universelle; and others, which will be found on the catalogue. It has been selected with great care, the intention having been, while a sufficient amount of current entertaining literature has been furnished for miscellineous readers, to employ by far the larger portion of the library fund, in the purchase of books of substantial merit and permanent value. The departments of history, biography, and voyages and travels, considering the size of the library, are richly supplied. Particular attention has been paid to the department of periodicals, of which the library contains about 2800 volumes, and pains have been taken to preserve complete sets of the most valuable. The Athenaeum is now in. the receipt of 59 foreign and American periodicals, and 10 newspapers; three of the former in the French language. "The sum of $10,000 was received by the Athenxaum from, the estate of Cyrus Butler. " The greatest freedom exists in the sale and transfer of shares; the price of which is $15; and the annual tax on which cannot, by the Constitution, exceed $5, and has never been less. The books, except the most costly illustrated, and other works, and such as are solely works of reference, and unbound periodicals, are freely circulated. The average annual increase of the Library, since its commencement, exclusive of the two old libraries, has been 875 volumes; and the average annual amount expended for books, during the same period, including periodicals and binding, has been about $1550." —Catalogue.' The following table, corrected and continued from one prepared for the eleventh annual report, in September, 1846, gives a concise and comprehensive view of the growth and expenses of the institution from its commencement until September, 1857: RHODE ISLAND. 445 INCREASE OF LIBRARY ANNUAL EXPENSES. SHARES. No. aud date Books Books Books, Expense of Other ex- Total ex- Share No. of of report. added. given. total. books. penses. pense. holders. shares. 1 Feb., 1837, 4162 4 4 4,162 - 292 293 2 Sept., " 38 6,000 $9377 29 22,225 59 31602 88 302 303 3 1838, 1041 34 6,041 374 375 4 " 1839, 1154 251 7,195 853 43 2,133 86 2,987 28 383 386 5 1" 840, 1190 321 8,385 1145 81 1,399 38 2,545 19 396 400 6 " 1841, 702 85 9,087 1202 55 1,765 89 2,968 44 406 411 7 " 1842, 506 93 9,593 691 09 1,156 48 1,847 57 416 422 8 1843, 892 19 10,485 1555 39 1,412 01 2,967 40 421 427 9 " 1844, 787 15 11'272 1799 50 1,187 38 2,986 88 421 427 10 " 1845, 813 31 12,085 1326 55 1,486 19 2,812 74 422 428 11" 1846, 817 34 12,902 1485 66 1,469 81 2,955 47 429 435 12" 1847, 531 21 13,433 1380 37 1.716 43 3,069 80 440 449 13' 1848, 1018 97 14.451 1227 96 1,922 55 3,150 51 477 486 14" 1849, 653 19 15,104 1237 04 1,717 74 2,954 78 491 501 15" 1850, 707 20 15,811 1752 03 3,257 19 5,009 22 516 524 16' 1851, 691 32 16,502 1446 60 2,086 60 3533 20 531 537 17" 1852, 775 84 17,277 1756 97 4,570 27 6,327 24 538 545 18 1853, 18,021 19 " 1854, 676 104 18;801 4,546 16 558 564 20 " 1855, 424 190 19,519 3,646 92 561 567 21" 1856, 527 131 20,267 1152 74 3,415 68 567 572 22" 1857, 1437 125 21,829 1686 33 4,293 97 576 580 "An excellent map-case, invented by Stephen P. Fisk, of Pawtucket, Mlassachusetts, has been constructed for the Athenvsum. The plan is simple and convenient, consisting of a number of upright frames placed in front of each other, at intervals of about one inch, and sliding upon grooves; to these frames the maps are attached, and upon the margin of the frames, which project each a little beyond the other, are placed the names of the maps, which can thus be read at a glance, and drawn out at pleasure. The case contains from 30 to 40 maps, estimating the proportions that will usually be found of the different sizes. " In the Report for 1853, attention is called to a serious abuse requiring correction: — "' any young persons are in the habit of using the Atheneuml as a place of fashionable conference; those most conspicuous in this respect hardly come for any other purpose, as they but seldom use the books; while those who come for the legitimate purposes of the institution, are greatly annoyed by the disturbance. There is no other institution of the kind in the country, in which this has been carried to so great an extent as here." PROVIDENCE BAR LIBRARY. (1857.) 1.700 vols. Founded in 1830. Any person who pays $10, is entitled to the use of the library. The books of the library canll be used only at the library room, and only by the members of the corporation; by candidates who 446 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. have paid the sum of $10; by the Judges of the Courts of this State, and of the United States; by persons pursuing the study of law in the offices of members; by persons specially licensed by the librarian or some member of the Library Committee; and (for the first year after adimission to the bar) by persons regularly admitted by the court to practice in the Courts of Rhode Island. Receipts during 1855, $326; expenditures for books, $50; binding, 1!2 11; periodicals, $10; incidentals, $158 95. No salaries are paid. The books are principally law reports; and are arranged by States. All the volumes are in English. About 60 volumes are added annually. Annual cost of support, $250. During the last five years, $250 were expended for books. RHODE ISLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 3000 vols. Founded on the 19th of April, 1822, and incorporated by the General Assembly the June following. The Society has published several volumes of " Collections." It has been faithful and active in collecting the materials for the history of the State, and preserving them for future use. " After the decease of the Hon. Theodore Foster, the Society purchased of his representatives the collections which he had been engaged in making during a long life devoted'to historical research. They have procured copies to be made of all orders and papers in the office of the Secretary of State of Massachusetts, relating to this State. The papers collected by the Rev. Isaac Backus, author of the History of the Baptists, are deposited in the cabinet, as are also the letter-book and correspondence of Ezekiel Hopkins, the only individual who ever received a commission as admiral in the navy of the United States." The Society has taken great pains to complete its files of newspapers printed in this State. Most of them, including the Providence Gazette, are nearly perfect. Soon after its incorporation, the State gave the Society S500. The heirs of the late Nathan Waterman presented a lot of land for a building. In 1843, the Society had accumulated a fund of $4000 for an edifice. About $2000 more were then raised by subscription; and in 1844, a stone building was erected on Waterman Street, facing the College square, to which the collections of the Society were removed, and in which its meetings have since been held. SOUTH CAROLINA. 447 WINSOR'S CIRCULATING LIBRARY. (1857.) 4700 vols. Established in May, 1848. Subscriptions for three months, $1; six months, $1 75; one year, $3. Persons may take out books without subscribing. To such, the terms are six cents per week for each volume. Receipts, 1854, $1340; expended for books, $215; binding, $25; salaries, $300; incidentals, $175. During 1854, 20,000 volumes were lent to 2000 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1852, 52 pages, 12mo.; cost $90 for 2000 copies. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1650 vols. Organized in September, 1853. Incorporated in January, 1854. Any young man, of good moral character, can, by the payment of $1 annually, become a member. The library is open daily, from 12 M. till 9~ P.M. During 1856, 1850 volumes were taken out by 180 persons. A catalogue, 48 pages 12mo., was printed in November, 1856; cost $35 for 500 copies. Salary of librarian, $800 per annum. 18 periodicals and 59 newspapers are taken. Annual cost of support, $2000. SOUTH CARlOLINAO CHARLESTON. APPRENTICES' LIBRARY. (1855.) 7000 vols. " The Society was incorporated 18th December, 1824, and re-chartered in December, 1840. The library was first opened June 1, 1824. It now contains about 7000 volumes, about 50 maps and charts, and six portraits of gentlemen distinguished in the Revolution; also a philosophical apparatus, worth about $500, and a pair of globes, of three feet diameter. The average annual increase is about 500 volumes. The average annual expenditure for books is about $150. A brick building, with a tin roof, was erected for the institution in 1840, at a cost of $14,500. It is 78 feet long, 34 feet wide, and two stories high. The 148 PUBLIC LIBRARIE:S. upper story is occupied solely as a lecture-room. The lower story contains a library, 37 feet by 29, and two reading-rooms, each 23 feet by 12. A catalogue (336 pages small 8vo.) was printed in 1840. " The library is open every dlay (except Sundays), from 4 o'clock P. M. till 9 in winter, and 10 in summer. Books are lent, to members of the Society, their families, and apprentices, and to other young persons recommended by members as beneficiaries. Each member pays $1 for admission, and $2 50 per annuma in advance." During 1854, 1403 volumes were lent. 6300 volumes are in English, 449 in French, 205 Latin, 55 Greek. During 1854, the receipts were $782 85; expenditures, 646 for periodicals, $300 salaries, $439 62 incidentals. The salary of the librarian is $300. "All strangers are welcomed to the use of the books at the library. Besides, these, eight or ten residents resort to it daily as a reading-room.'The old books, and those not often consulted, unless bound with Russia leather, are apt to be injured by insects. They may be saved by taking them out every week or two, and striking the backs together, also by clippings of Russia leather scattered about on the shelves.'" CHARLESTON COLLEGE. (1857.) 7000 vols. "In the year 1785, three colleges-one at Charleston, another at Winnsborough, and a third at Cambridge-received a common charter from the Legislature of South Carolina. In 1791, a separate charter was granted to the College of Charleston. This institution was re-organized on the 20th of December, 1837, at which time an act of the Legislature was passed authorizing the transfer of all the College property to the City Council of Charleston. The City Council is bound to maintain the College. "In the year 1828, a considerable donation of valuable books was made by the citizens of Charleston. "This library was, for many years, totally neglected; there being no librarian, and it consequently fell into almost complete ruin. Many volumes were lost, many defaced, and many destroyed. In 1849, there was a very imperfect catalogue of the books made by a volunteer hand; but, since that time, many books have disappeared. The library originated in the gradual accumulation of volumes sent to the College, from time to time, by various donors. Among these books were many valuable, and some rare works, given by literary and learned gentlemen. The SOUTH CAROLINA. 449 existing portion of the old library is a mere wreck from the original collection. " The incredible neglect and apathy which the old library so long and so ruinously experienced, was, at length, happily dissipated by the munificent gift to the College of a valuable collection of books, being the private library of Dr. Lingard A. Frampton, a citizen of Charleston. Dr. F., having presented his library to the College, the trustees, with the aid of a grant from the Legislature of the State (88000), caused a suitable building to be erected as the library in the campus of the College. "Our present library is thus a very recent institution. There is, at present, no fund or appropriation for the increase of the library. " The librarian has a salary of six hundred dollars; no assistants. The books are arranged in alcoves, devoted to one or more particular subjects. There is, on either side of the library room, a row of alcoves, or cases, against the wall, and, with an intervening aisle, a corresponding row of alcoves. The cases against the wall are lettered with itcaic capitals (A, B, &c.), from A to S; and the alcoves are lettered in a corresponding manner with Roman capitals (A, B, &c.). Each shelf is lettered with the letter of its alcove and its own (A, a, A, b; B, a, B, b, &c.). The alcoves, which are separated from the cases against the wall by an aisle, have shelves on both sides. These shelves are lettered the same on either side; but the addition of s or n to the book-label indicates which shelf is meant (A, a (s), A, a (n), &c.). Each alcove (or where a case and alcove are devoted to the same subject, the two (or more) combined), will have special catalogues of its contents. These catalogues will be indexed; so that not only the place of each book will be indicated, but also the particular shelves upon which particular subjects are placed; and also, in a single alphabetical view will be found, upon any given specific subject, all the works in the library upon that subject.' " These alcove catalogues, however, I contemplate as only a temporary means of facilitating the use of the library, in its present embryo condition. When the number of volumes increases considerably, there shall be special catalogues for each subject. A general register is kept of all books, in which they are entered as they accrue, with description, 1 This index is added, because some alcoves contain a number and variety of subjects. 29 450 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. whence obtained, &c. The numbering of the volumes corresponds to this register. As in the alcove catalogues, the number of each book is also given. A reference to the register. is easy, in order to obtain any information omitted in the alcove catalogue. It will be some time before a general catalogue, to be printed, can be prepared. The library contains between 4000 and 5000 volumes, in the chief departments of science, learning, and literature."-J. TV. Miles, February 8th, 1857. MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY (COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON). "It is but little more than two years since the establishment of this cabinet, and it will now compare favorably with the oldest and best institutions of the kind in the United States. More than 300 persons have, within that time, presented specimens of natural history, books, coins, medals, charts, models, &c.'"The museum is open every Saturday, from 9 o'clock A.M. until sunset, for the free admission of the citizens, and sometimes visitors from all parts of the country, crowd the halls. " That it exerts a beneficial influence among the people, especially the young, there can be no doubt. The discovery of a single fact or law of nature, simple though it be, yet never before realized by the individual, has often called forth expressions of surprise and gratification, that have been heard throughout the halls; and many have been thus led to examnine for themselves, and study the philosophy of these mysterious creatures of the great. Creator, and to realize and confess that a knowledge of them is indeed good for man to possess, and will aid him in the everyday transactions of life."-F. S. hS. Iolmes, 1854. CHARLESTON LIBRARY SOCIETY. (1857.) 20,000 vols. Founded in 1748. On the 15th of January, 1778, it was nearly destroyed by fire; only 185 volumes of 5000 or 6000 being saved. Its average annual increase has been 180 volumes, besides pamphlets. Average annual expenditure, about $1000. The income of the institution is derived from an annual assessment upon the members of $10 each; from rents of rooms and buildings belonging to the Society, and from admission fees of new members, $25 each. It of course varies with the rise or fall of rent, and the number of new members admitted. It was, in 1850, about $2500. A brick building, erected and long occupied SOUTHI CAROLINA. 451 by the Bank of South Carolina, was purchased about the year 1840 by the Society, and the upper story, consisting of one room 40 feet by 35, and two others, each 20 feet square, was fitted up at an expense of $2000 for the library. The rooms on the first story are rented as offices. A three-story brick building belonging to the estate is rented as a dwellinghouse. Receipts during 1854,;2200; expenditures for books, $450; salary of librarian, $1000; incidentals, $560. 11 magazines and 4 newspapers are taken. A catalogue of the books belonging to the Charleston Library Society, published by order of the Society, containing 375 pages 8vo., was printed at Charleston, in 1826. This is a classed catalogue, with an alphabetical index of authors and the titles of anonymous works. The preface contains a minute history of the Society, with some excellent remarks on the arrangement and cataloguing of a library. Volume II of the catalogue, containing books purchased since 1826, in 144 pages 8vo., was printed at Charleston, in 1845. This volume is classified, but the classification is different from that of the first volume. It has no index. A list of books obtained by the Charleston Library Society since the publication of the second volume of the catalogue of books, being the first supplement to the same, prepared by the librarian, and printed by order of the Society, was published in 1847, at Charleston. It is alphabetical, and contains 23 pages 8vo. Several catalogues were printed before the destruction of the first library: in 1790, in 1802, in 1806, another in 1811, when the library contained 7000 volumes.. Some supplementary pages were printed in 1816 and 1818. The last catalogue was printed in 1854, cost $70 for 300 copies. The library is open every day, Sundays and holidays excepted, from 10 o'clock A.M. to 3 o'clock P.M. About 5000 volumes are lent out annually to members of the Society or to their orders. The book committee may extend the privileges of the library occasionally to others. The following interesting sketch of the history of this important institution is taken from the preface to the catalogue of 1826. "The Charleston Library Society owes its origin to seventeen young men, who, in the year'1748, associated for the purpose of raising a small fund to'collect such new pamphlets' and magazines as should occasionally be published in Great Britain. They advanced and remitted to London ~10 sterling, as a fund to purchase such pamphlets as had appeared during the current year, acting at first under a mere verbal 452 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. agreement and without a name. Before the close of the year, their views became more extensive; and on the 28th of December, rules for the organization of the Society were ratified and signed, when they assumed the name of a Library Society, and made arrangements for the acquisition of books as well as of pamphlets. " Officers were first elected on the 1st of April, 1749, and a few members were added during the spring and summer of that year. But as soon as the benefits of such an association were distinctly understood, the Society became popular, and before the close of the year 1750, numbered more than 160 members. " Efforts were made at an early period, to obtain an act of incorporation. In the spring of 1751, through the influence of some of its members, a bill for incorporating the Society, was passed through both houses of Assembly, but was defeated by the Governor, who refused his assent and signature. In the spring of 1752, another bill was passed through the Legislature, which shared the same fate; and in 1753, the agent of the colony in London was requested to make every exertion in his power to obtain from the Privy Council in Great Britain, a charter for the Society, or instructions to the Governor to ratify the act which both houses of the Colonial Assembly had passed. Upon an application to the Board of Trade by the agent, and some gentlemen who interested themselves in behalf of the Society, they were informed that the measure was not considered as contrary to his Majesty's instructions, but that it was unprecedented to ratify in England, a bill to which the Governor of the Province had refused his assent. "It is difficult now to ascertain the causes which created these obstructions to the incorporation of a literary society. But the effect was injurious, and had nearly produced a dissolution of the Association. The members finally resolved to place their funds at interest, and make no further purchases until a charter could be obtained. A third bill, however, was passed in 1754, to which Governor Glen finally gave his assent; and, on the 24th of June, 1755, it was confirmed by the Crown. From this time, the progress of the Society was rapid and satisfactory. The members continued to invest a portion of their income in bonds, and soon began to embrace, in their views, the establishment of an institution for education in connection with their library. Such was the increase of their funds, that, in January, 1775, the amount in bonds was ~18,000, and between two and three thousand pounds were added to this sum between this period and the 1st of January, 1778. SOUTH CAROLINA. 453 " The library of the Society, at the same time, was receiving regular additions fromn annual purchases and the donations of individuals, which were then frequent. Great attention appears, from the minutes of the Society, to have been paid, at this period, to classical literature, a nd many discussions took place as to the portion of the funds which should be annually applied to this department of literature. The collection of classical authors, and of commentators on the classics, was not only respectable from its number, but valuable for the selection; for some excellent scholars then superintended this portion of its labors. "It was, in all probability, this steady adherence of the Society to the future establishment of an academy or college (for the professors indicated in the report of the committee were adapted to a collegiate course of studies), and the complexion of the library, that induced Mr. John McKenzie, a lawyer of eminence in Charleston, who died in the summer of 1771, to bequeath a valuable library to the Society for the use of a college, when erected in this province. These books were received, distinctly marked, and always kept apart from the books of the Society. "The commencement of our Revolutionary struggle suspended all schemes of improvement. It soon became difficult for the Society to collect its funds-it became more difficult to invest them; a large sum was placed in the treasury of the State, and the certificates of this debt were for a long time unproductive memorandums. " But a heavier calamity awaited the Society. The fire of the 15th January, 1778, which destroyed nearly one-half of Charleston, broke out a little after midnight in the immediate vicinity of the library. From the hour, the violence of a north wind which unfortunately blew, and the combustible materials with which our houses were usually built, the neighborhood was enveloped in flames before any effectual assistance could be rendered. The library, which then contained, according to the statement of Dr. Ramsay, who was a member at the time, between five and six thousand volumes, almost totally perished. A melancholy record on the journals state that only 185 volumes were saved, and many of these were volumes of mutilated sets. McKenzie's library, from some circumstanee, probably accidental, fared better than that of the Society: about two-thirds of the books were saved, though many of the sets were broken. This loss could not, at that time, be repaired. The war closed our communication with England, and the British maritime force intercepted our intercourse with Europe. A few books were procured in the qt -.o PUBLIC LIBRARIES. city, but Charleston itself fell into the possession of the British in the spring of 1780. " From a report, made to the Society in October, 1786, it appears that Fr. J. Fariau, who had been elected librarian in January, 1780, remained in Charleston during the time that the city was occupied by the British troops; that he took charge of the library, removing it with him from place to place as circumstances compelled him to change his habitation, and that it was owing to his assiduous care that the remnants of these libraries were saved from entire destruction. "Immediately after the peace, the Society was reorganized, officers were appointed, and its meetings regularly resumed. But its funds were in a ruinous condition. Its members had been widely scattered by the accidents of war. Some had perished, many left the country, and those that remained could render but little effectual aid to its treasury. The country had been rendered desolate. The fortunes of individuals were prostrated; and, where the bonds remaining to the Society were eventually good, it was difficult to collect either the principal or the interest. For several years, although some few purchases of books were made, the Society seemed to exist rather as a social club than as a literary Association. "If a catalogue, entered on the books on the 3d November, 1790, is faithful, and there seems no reason to doubt its correctness, the library of the Society then contained only 342 volumes, and McKenzie's books were reduced to 403 volumes. The librarian's minutes corroborate this statement, for they show that, in 1790 and'91, it was uncommon for more than three persons-to take out books in the course of a month, and in some months none were borrowed. " At length, in 1790, some debts due the Society were put in a train for payment; and the indents which had been received for the money deposited at the commencement of the war in the treasury of the State, amounting to about $11,000, which, though frequently urged, it had wisely declined to sell, were funded and rendered valuable. It was then ordered that this stock should be sold; that $6400 should be subscribed to the Bank of the United States, and that the remainder, with whatever sum should be received from their bonds or notes, should be applied to the purchase of books. The resolutions for the establishment of an academy were at this time finally repealed. The books which were imported in consequence of these orders, and which, from many circumstances, were delayed until the close of the year 1792, may be considered SOUTH CAROLINA. 455 as the foundation of our present collection. From this time, the increase of the library has been regular, though moderate; and the early misfortunes of the Society will account for its deficiency in ancient literature, and even in the political writings which preceded our Revolutionary contest. In 1808, the books in the library amounted to 4500 volumes; by the catalogue of 1811, to 7000; in 1850, 12,000. " If this library should be found small, it must be remembered that it has been formed within a few years, from the very moderate contribution of its members. It has no patron to boast of-no act of public munificence to record. If we except a few donations of single volumes or sets of books,' and one legacy from Benjamin Smith, in 1770, of about $600 (~1000 currency), we find no memorial of other assistance.;" Previous to 1765, the library was kept at the houses of the respective librarians. " Gabriel Manigault, Esq., who had been president or vice-president of the Society for many years, then presented the Society with a lease for 21 years, of a convenient building, in or near Kinloch Court, and prepared it for the library at his own expense; and the library was removed there in the beginning or 1765, and continued until the fire of 1778. MIr. Carwithen died in the summer of 1770, and William Hlort was appointed librarian; he resigned in a few months; and Thomas Powell was elected on the 4th of February, 1771; after holding the office 14 months he resigned, and Samuel Price succeeded in April, 1772; he continued in office until the end of 1778, and Francis J. Fariau was elected in 1779, and again in 1-780, and continued librarian until the summer of 1783. After the fire of 1778, temporary accommodations were procured for the library. In January, 1780, William H. Gibbes, Esq., offered a part of his office; the remnants of the library, however, appear to have been cased up after this time, for, in April, 1783, a committee was appointed'to inquire for a proper It deserves to be noticed that the individual to whom this Society has been most frequently and perhaps most extensively indebted, is an inhabitant of Paris. Passing some time in Carolina with his father, many years ago, they received from some of its inhabitants those hospitable attentions which the citizens of this country take so much pleasure in paying to strangers, and the courtesy has never been forgotten. Scarcely a year, for some time past, has elapsed, without our receiving from him some volume or work, as a testimonial of his remembrance. I allude to Andre Michaux, the younger, the author of the splendid work on the" Forest Trees of North Amlerica." 456 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. room, that the books may be opened.' Mr. Daniel Cannon loaned the Society a room in Queen Street, for a short time; but when Mr. John McCall was elected librarian, on the 1st of July, 1783, he removed the books to his office. In April, 1784, the intendant and wardens of the city offered the Society a room in the Exchange, whither the books were removed. In October, 1787, the Council required their room, and the library was placed at the corner of Broad Street and the Bay. In January, 1788, it was removed to the corner of Tradd Street and the Bay. In January, 1791, it was again removed to the corner of Broad and Church Streets, and in November, 1792, finally placed in the room it now occupies in the upper story of the court-house. " When the court-house was rebuilt by subscription, after having been burnt, in 1788, the members of the Library Society subscribed very liberally, and promoted the subscription with their influence, with an understanding that their books would be permitted to occupy some portion of the building; and in this arrangement there has been hitherto a liberal acquiescence." MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. (1850,) 2450 vols. "The library of the Medical Society of South Carolina, which is deposited in the College building, consists of an extensive and valuable collection of medical books. It embraces most of the modern works that are of value, and in it are to be found the more recent periodical publications. A considerable addition has recently been made to the same by a subscription for that purpose. To the library, the student has access without any additional charge; an order from one of the members of the Faculty being the only condition required." About $120 are yearly expended for books. The library occupies a room, say 22 by 18 feet, in the Medical College. A catalogue was printed in 1834; and another, containing 40 pages 8vo., in 1842. The library is open four times a week for two hours, and is freely accessible to members of the Medical Society, and all others to whom they may grant permits. About 350 volumes are annually lent out; and about 250 persons each year consult the library without taking away books. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 440 vols. "The expenses of the Society are from $700 to $800 annually, whilst SOUTH CAROLINA. 457 the receipts only equal $300 for the same period. To voluntary subscriptions we look for the deficiency. Hon. William Aiken, ex-Governor of our State, donated as a nucleus for a permanent fund, $500. But the principal source of our receipts, recently, has been the' Floral Fair,' to which the ladies of the different denominations in our city have generously contributed their time, talents, and services generally. The community are, at last, beginning to experience and to manifest no little interest in our Association. The concourse which literally overflowed the capacious hall of the Fair was very encouraging, not to say flattering. The receipts from this source alone was over $7000. The Association, not owing more than $400, and having $600 invested as a permanent fund, may now be considered as permanently established. "The ladies have formed a branch association, called the'Ladies' Auxiliary Christian Association,' the first in this country, and already numbers upwards of 50 members. Annual subscription $1. The object is to assist the young men in their benevolent enterprises. The project is not a week old, and there is no little evidence of earnestness and zeal."-Quarterly Reporter, Jul6y, 1857. CHERAW. CHERAW LITERARY SOCIETY. (1857.) 800 vols. Founded in 1848. The fee for membership is $5 per annum. Receipts, 1855, $130. Expenditures for books, $105. Incidentals, $25. The library is open two hours one day every week. During 1855, 500 volumes were lent to 30 persons. All the books are in English. About 100 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $500 were expended for books. Annual cost of support, $130. The Society is in a flourishing condition. COLUMBIA. LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. (1857.) 12,000 vols. Established, by act of Legislature, 16th December, 1814. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, about $500. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 200. It is not a circu 458 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. lating library, but intended for and restricted to the use of members of the Legislature, State officers, &c. SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. (1857.) 25,000 vols. " This library was established at the opening of the College, in 1805. In 1802, a resolution was passed in the Legislature appropriating the amount of $6000, annually allowed the professors, to be applied for the purchase of a library and philosophical instruments, until the professors should enter upon their duties. How much of the $18,000 thus accumulated was applied to the purchase of books for the library, it is impossible at this time to ascertain. The records of the trustees merely mention that a librarian was elected with a salary of $100; but it is probable that the library, though small, was judiciously selected, as Chancellor Johnson had charge of the fund. c"In 1813, a resolution was passed by the trustees, ordering the surplus of the tuition money, estimated at $520 per annum, to be applied for the increase of the library. From this time until 1836, the expenditures amounted to $5757. But the early records of the College are very deficient with regard to accounts; and as the library, when Dr. Cooper was President of the College, sustained a high reputation at the South, it is probable that a larger amount than is here stated was expended upon it. "When the Hon. RI. W. Barnwell was elected President of the College, he bestowed great attention upon the library. It is to his exertions, principally, that we are indebted for the library hall. The Legislature, when he entered upon his duties, appropriated $10,000 for the increase of the library, and, in 1838, passed a resolution to appropriate $2000 annually to it. During Mr. Barnwell's term, these handsome supplies were expended by the Rev. Stephen Elliott, then a professor in the College, and now Bishop of Georgia, a man as distinguished for his taste as he is for his learning and piety. The books he purchased are perhaps the most elegant assortment ever brought to the United States. " The Rev. Dr. Henry was elected President of the College in 1841, and made many valuable additions to the library, among which were many works of the Fathers of the Church. During his and Mr. Barnwell's term, there was a surplus from the tuition fund, amounting, upon an average, to $2000 per annum, which was added to the annual appropriation of the Legislature. SOUTH CAROLINA. 459 "Under the Hon. William C. Preston, and the present President, the Rev. Dr. Thornwell, valuable additions have been made from the annual appropriations of the Legislature, the surplus of the tuition fund being devoted to other purposes. "From 1836 to 1853, $43,000 have been appropriated by the Legislature for the increase of the library. In addition, $19,374 have been expended from the tuition fund; making the sum of $62,374 expended for books since 1836. Independent of this, some handsome donations have been made. The Legislature presented Audubon's Birds of America, which cost $925. Hon. J. H. Adams presented Audubon's and Bachman's Quadrupeds, which cost $350. Other gentlemen have made presents of less value. " The number of books now, which is constantly being increased by the annual appropriation of the Legislature, is above 20,000 volumes. The library, though small, is well selected; and, as the great majority of the books are of the best editions, in durable and elegant English and French binding, they present a very handsome appearance. " Among some of the valuable works of the Library, it may, perhaps, be well to mention the following, viz.: Boydell's Shakspeare and Illustrations, 10 volumes, folio; Lord Kingsborough's Mexican Antiquities, 7 volumes, 4to.; Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum, 6 volumes, folio; Piranesi Opere, 27 volumes, folio; Antichita di Ercolano, 9 volumes, folio; Inghirami Monumenti Etruschi, 10 volumes, 4to.; Grevius, Gronovius, &c., Thesaurus Antiquitatum, 32 volumes, folio; Stephanus, Thesaurus, Linguan Grreemn, 6 volumes, folio; ArchSmlogia, 30 volumes, 4to.; Alberti Magni Opera, 21 volumes, folio; Transactions of the Linnman Society, 20 volumes, 4to.; Histoire Naturelle, 163 volumes, 8vo.; Goldfoss Petrefactens Deutschlands, 2 volumes, folio; Byzantine Historians, 38 volumes, folio; Muratoria Opera, 63 volumes, cost $600; a beautiful copy of Chrysostomi Opera, 13 volumes, 4to., cost $300; Bonaparte Iconografia della Fauna Italica, 3 volumes, folio, cost $100; Olevier Entomologie, 8 volumes, 4to., cost $200; Reeve's Conchologia, 6 volumes, cost $200; Maximilian's Travels through America, I volume, folio, cost $150; De Bry Admiranda Narratio de Commodis Virginia, cost $54; Purchas's Pilgrimes, 5 volumes, folio; Collection of American Pamphlets, by S. D. Longtree, 90 volumes, 8vo.; 4 small folio volumes of the Aldine edition of Thernistius; and Simplicius's and Alexander of Aphrodisia's Commentary on some books of Aristotle, cost $190. 460 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. " The first copy of Rosselleni's great work on the Antiquities of Egypt brought to the United States was imported for the College library. The library is rich in books on Egypt. Besides this, there are, Champollion Monuments de L'Egypt, 4 volumes, folio; Description de L'Egypt, 22 volumes, folio; Vyse & Perring on Pyramids of Egypt, 4 volumes; Panorama of the Nile, 1 volumrne, folio, &c. &c. "The oldest printed work in the library is Bartholomew's De Proprietatibus Rerumn, 1 volume, folio, printed at Nuremberg in 1483. "During term time, the library is open every secular day, from 9 o'clock A.M. to 1 o'clock P.M. During vacation, it is open every WVednesday, from 9 o'clock A.M. to 12 M. The trustees, professors, and students of the College, and all persons who have made donations to the library to the amlount of $100, are entitled to its use. The Library Committee has the power of extending the privilege of the library to any person. The librarian has the discretion of allowing any one to use the books for consultation or reading during the prescribed hours."-Norton's Gazette. "A brick building was erected in 1838, for the use of the library, at a cost of $22,000. There are two rooms on the sides of the passage in the lower story. The library room is 100 feet by 40, and is modelled after the Congress library., An architect was sent to Washington to copy the plan. A catalogue was printed in 1836, of 112 pages 8vo., prepared by Edward W. Johnson. Another, 151 pages 8vo., was published in 1849." Receipts, during 1854, $2010 75. Expenditures for books, $1019 99. Binding, $50 22. The salary of the librarian is $1500. During 1855, 2838 volunmes were lent to 190 persons. The books are arranged in three great classes, —of Memory, of Judgment, and of Imagination; or History, Philosophy, and Poetry. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF THE SYNOD OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA. (1857.) 16,600 vols. This institution was established by the Presbyterians, in 1828, went into operation in 1831, was incorporated in 1832. The library was commenced in 1830. Most of the books have been presented by individuals; yet, for the whole time since the library was commenced, the average annual expenditure for books has been $243. The library is temporarily placed in a lofty room, 25 feet by 20, in one of the build SOUTH CAROLINA. 461 ings of the Seminary, and is open four or five times a week, one hour each time. There is no printed catalogue. The officers and students of the Seminary, and, by courtesy, clergymen of the town, are allowed the use of the books. About 1300 volumes a year are lent out. In answer to the question, " Have the books been injured at any time by insects?" the librarian writes: "M uch injured by a small shiny moth, which eats off the pasted titles of cloth-bound books, and sometimes by a blackish worm of the caterpillar kind, the product of a brown miller or moth, which eats leather binding. It is also found that, in this climate, except in the driest situations, and occasionally even in these, leather-bound books suffer much from mould-English leather-bound books less than American, and French perhaps less than English. One gentleman amongst us has suffered so much from this cause, that he will only have books bound in cloth; and these, if the letters are stamped on the back, without being on a title which is pasted, are injured less by mould and insects than any other." The SOCIETY OP INQUIRY, composed of students of the Seminary, possesses about 200 volumes. It maintains also a reading-room, in which the principal newspapers and reviews of this country are taken, as well as the reviews of Great Britain, and one or two German publications. This room is accessible at all hours. There is also, under the control of this Society, a museum, containing articles illustrative of the natural history and superstitious usages of heathen nations. The extensive and choice library of the Rev. Dr. Smyth, of Charleston, has been added to the former library of the Seminary, during the year 1856, and the whole collection now embraces over 16,600 volumes, besides the private libraries of the professors, containing 12,000 volumes more. The use of the College library is also extended, by courtesy, to the instructors of the Seminary, a collection of great value, and now amounting to 25,000 volumes. GREENWOOD. HODGES INSTITUTE. (1855.) 615 vols. Founded in 1848. Students only have the use of the library by paying $1 per annum. 580 volumes are in English, 5 French, 4 German, 10 Latin, 15 Greek, 2 Chinese. A catalogue was printed in 1855, 462 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 12mo., cost $20 for 500 copies. There are 60 pamphlets, 8 manuscripts, and 55 maps, in the library. LEXINGTON. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. (1857.) 1800 vols. Founded in 1833. The library is kept, at present, in the house where the lectures are given, and occupies a room 25 feet long, and 10 feet wide. It is hoped that better accommodations will soon be obtained. There is a written catalogue, somewhat in arrears. The library is open for taking out and returning books every Wednesday from 8 to 12 o'clock. The library is intended for the use of the students of the Seminary and the ministers of the Lutheran Church. Others may be admitted to its privileges on application to the Professor of Theology, who has the superintendence of the library. N.B. In 1857, it was decided to remove this institution to Newberry, South Carolina, and to give it the title of NEWBERRY COLLEGE AND THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. SPARTANBURG. WOFFORD COLLEGE. (1857.) 1000 vols. Incorporated November, 1853, and organized August, 1854. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 250. " Wofford College has 90 students; an endowment of $65,000 funded, and fair prospects of usefulness." TENNESSEE. 463 TENN E SSEE. CLARKSVILLE. STEWART COLLEGE. This institution was founded by the Grand Lodge of Masons, and was called Montgomery Masonic College, in 1848; btlt finding it impossible to sustain it satisfactorily, it was transferred to the Nashville Presbytery. In consequence of the munificent donations, the long-continued and disinterested services, the ardent and untiring devotion to science, and the high Christian and moral character of William M. Stewart, the president of the institution, his name was given to the College. "The College building is located in a beautiful grove of native forest trees, on a gently elevated, but commanding position, well calculated to attract the eye, and improve the taste, and so remote from the business part of the town, as to be well adapted to quietude and study. The edifice is one of the most stately, elegant, capacious, and imposing in our country, built in the Elizabethan style of architecture, a fine model of a castellated building. It has been completed at an expense of $32,000. The rooms are large, lofty, well ventilated, and well furnished. The chemical and philosophical apparatus are new, complete, and of the most recent and improved character. The extensive and elegant mineralogical and geological cabinet of the late Professor Vanuxem, of Philadelphia, has been added to the previous collection, also a complete laboratory, &c. "In 1857, the president and trustees offered to pay four-fifths of $5000, to secure a library for the College, and the Synod of Nashville resolved to raise the other fifth." COLUMEBIA. FEMALE INSTITUTE. (1850.) 3500 vols. Established February, 1839. Contains 3500 volumes, and a rich collection of engravings. About 350 volumes per year are added 464 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. to the library. About $150 are annually expended for the purchase of books. There is a manuscript catalogue. The library is open one hour each day. Members of the Institute pay $1 per annum for the use of the books. Books are not taken from the Institute except by day pupils. JACKSON COLLEGE. (1854.) 3500 vols. The College library was begun in 1834. About 400 volumes have been added during the last ten years. There is a manuscript catalogue. The library is open once a week for an hour. Students pay 50 cents per session for the use of the books. The students' libraries, in 1850, contained 500 volumes. FRANKLIN COLLEGE. (1857.) 10,000 vols. Founded in 1845. The library has increased, since 1851, at the rate of 200 volumes a year. The faculty and students have the gratuitous use of the library. EUPHRONIAN SOCIETY (FRANKLIN COLLEGE). (1857.) 500vols. Annual cost of support, $50. During the last five years, $250 were expended for books. APOLLONIAN SOCIETY (FRANKLIN COLLEGE). (1857.) 570 vols. Founded in 1845. " The library is free to all persons, and open every day, and at all hours. 560 volumes are in English, 4 French, 9 Latin, 6 Greek. About 25 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support, $50." GERMANTOWN. SHELBY MALE HIGH SCHOOL. (1856.) 1200 vols. This School was established in 1854; and is well provided with instructors, apparatus, and facilities for instruction. The EROMATHEAN SOCIETY Or STUDENTS has a select library of 1200 volumes. TENNESSEE. 465 GREENEVILLE. GREENEVILLE COLLEGE. (1856.) 3300 vols. Founded in 1800. This is the oldest institution in the State. Its charter was the first act of the first General Assembly of the Southwest Territory. Its former location was three miles south of Greeneville. In 1838, it was moved to that place, and new buildings erected. It remained inactive for a number of years. In 1854, W. B. Rankin was elected president, and the College was reopened in September of that year. The library contains many rare and valuable works. It is open one hour every day, except Saturday and Sunday. The books are arranged by subjects. There are 571 Latin, 215 Greek, 36 French, 32 Hebrew, 8 German, 6 Spanish, and 2430 English volumes in the library. HIAWASSEE COLLEGE. (1856.) 1100 vols. This College is situated two and a half miles north of Madisonville. It has two literary societies-the EROMATHESIAN and EROALETHIEANwhich have valuable libraries, containing over 1100 sel6ct volumes. Tuition in this College is $10 per session of five months. JACKSON. WEST TENNESSEE COLLEGE. Incorporated in 1843. Reorganized in 1849. "The College possesses a valuable set of philosophical and chemical apparatus, and a library sufficient for the wants of the College. Additions to both will be made from time to time. The two literary societies connected with the College also possess libraries. "The institution is permanently established, as there is an endowment of $40,000, vested in State bonds, in addition to a considerable revenue from other sources. The College edifice is beautifully situated, and admirably adapted to the purposes for which it was erected." 30 466 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. KNOXVILLE. EAST TENNESSEE UNIVERSITY. (1854.) 3000 vols. " The University was founded in 1807. Its fund originated in grants of land made, at first, by the State of North Carolina, and subsequently (1806) reserved and confirmed by the act of Congress admitting the State of Tennessee into the Union; North Carolina having ceded to Congress all its lands in this territory. " The philosophical and chemical apparatus is quite complete, and the institution possesses facilities for illustrating the natural sciences equal to any in the South. There is also a large and valuable mineralogical and geological cabinet. "The College library was founded in 1819. It is supported by fees for the use of the books, with occasional appropriations from the funds of the University. It occupies a room 20 feet square and 14 feet high, in the main building of the University, which is of.brick. The library is open regularly once a week, and, on application, at other times. Officers of the University are allowed to use the books without charge; students pay $1 a year for the privilege. About 150 books are lent out in a year; and about 240 persons consult the library without taking away books. There are two literary societies connected with the College (the CHI-DELTA and the PHILOMATHESIAN), which have each about 1100 volumes, in rooms belonging to the University, connected with the society halls. These libraries are rapidly increasing and much used." LEBANON. CUMBERLAND UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 5000 vols. This flourishing institution has been in existence since 1844. Its law school, for several years, has maintained the rank of second in the United States in point of numbers. In the catalogue for 1856, an increase of thirty-four per cent. is exhibited over the year before. In all its departments it is well provided with instructors, and large classes of students. It has no library. The theological department was organized in 1854, and a library commenced. TENNESSEE. 467 MiARYVILLE. MARYVILLE COLLEGE. (1855.) 4275 vols. This institution was founded in 1821, and was called the " Southern and Western Theological Seminary." It was chartered, under its present name, by the Legislature, in 1842. A large and handsome brick building, three stories high, 110 feet front, has been erected for the College, at a cost of $10,000. The students, all persons educated at the College, and residing within fifty miles of Maryville, can use the library by paying $1 a year. It is opened whenever desired. During 1854, 200 volumes were lent to 50 persons. The increase of the library is slow, only $10 having been received from all sources during the year 1854. The library has increased, since 1851, at the rate of about 100 volumes per annum. The BETH HACMA Society of students, and the BETH HlACMA VE BERITH Society have libraries. MURFiREESBORO. UNION UNIVERSITY. (1855.) 2500 vols. The library contained 500 volumes in 1851, and had been increased to 2500 in 1855. The books are of a miscellaneous character, and arranged by size. The library is open to the free use of the professors, students, and citizens, two hours every Friday. NASHVILLE. MECHANICS' INSTITUTE. Incorporated February 14, 1854. The library is open daily, from 8 A.M. to 10 P.M. Members pay $3 a year. STATE LIBRARY. (1856.) 13,300 vols. Until 1855, the State Library had no legal existence, and was merely 468 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. a collection of public documents, exchanges, &c. The Legislature of 1854-5, passed an act appropriating $5000, for the purpose of commencing a collection of miscellaneous books; and another appropriation was made, in 1855-6, of $500 for the same purpose. The library is open every day, from 8 A.M. to 12 M., and 2 P.m. to 6 P.M., to any who wish to consult the books. The books are arranged by subjects, and the catalogue follows Coleridge's plan for the Encyclopmedia MIetropolitana. The only catalogue printed includes merely the miscellaneous books. An edition of 250 copies cost $350, 119 pages 8vo., printed in 1855. UNIVERSITY OF NASHVILLE. (1856.) 14,000 vols. "In 1779, the ground on which Nashville stands was planted with Indian corn by the first party of permanent settlers under the late General (then Captain) James Robertson, of East Tennessee, and originally from North Carolina. "In 1783, the County of Davidson was established. And in 1784, the town, which had been called Nashborough by the inhabitants, was named Nashville in the act of the North Carolina Legislature creating it, in honor of General Francis Nash, who fell at the battle of Germantown, October 4th, 1777. " DAVIDSON ACADEMY was incorporated by the General Assembly of North Carolina, December 29, 1785. It was endowed by the State with 240 acres of land, lying immediately adjacent to the then southern boundary of the town of Nashville. Much of it is now included within the compactly built and most beautiful portions of the city. This land, with the exception of about seven acres, reserved for the site of the Academy, and since called the College Square, or Campus, was sold by auction, in small lots, in 1803.1 The total amount, ultimately received by the institution, from both the rents and sale of its land, does not appear, from the records, to have exceeded $20,000. It must be recollected, however, that the town then contained a population of only about 400, that there was little prospect of its ever becoming the metropolis of Tennessee, and that steamers had not yet been dreamed of for road or river.'CUMBERLAND COLLEGE was incorporated by the Legislature of Ten1 The buildings of the medical department now occupy a square reserved from this carnpus. TENNESSEE. 469 nessee September 11, 1806; and in it were merged the name and rights of Davidson Academy. This change was effected at the request of the trustees of the latter, in consequence of a previous grant by Congress of 100,000 acres of land for the endowment of two colleges-one in East, and the other in TVest Tennessee-as the two grand divisions of the State were then denominated. The West Tennessee of that day is now Middle Tennessee. " The College was opened for the reception of students in November, 1809. The faculty consisted of Dr. James Priestley, President; Rev. William HIume, Professor of Languages; and George Martin, Esq., teacher of the Grammar School, or Preparatory Department. These gentlemen were eminently qualified for their respective stations. The College continued in successful operation seven years, or until October, 1816. Its doors were then closed from the sheer want of funds to sustain it any longer. Its revival was attempted in November, 1820, under the auspices of its former distinguished and respected President. But his lamented death, on the 6th of February following, again prostrated the hopes and efforts of its friends. During the above period of seven years, 19 of the students were admitted in course to the first degree in the arts. "May 12, 1824, the Rev. Philip Lindsley, D.D., of the College of New Jersey, accepted the presidency, which had been tendered to him in 1822, and again in 1823, and agreed to remove with his family to Nashville in the following autumn. He was, at the same time, appointed agent to solicit donations for the College during the interval. " The College has been a beggar from the beginning; and, for many years, its very existence depended on the voluntary contributions of liberal individuals. "In 1825, a farm of 120 acres, near the College, was purchased at $60 per acre (total cost $7200), as a more eligible site for the future buildings and operations of the Institution. Portions of this land were subsequently sold for about $17,000. Thirty acres still belong to the College; which, if divided into city lots, and sold by auction, would probably command $100,000. This is one item of actual capital-the result of judicious investment.' 1 Sixteen acres of this tract have been reserved as a permanent Site for the University; and the new building for the literary department is erected on it. 470 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. "'The University of Nashville' became the legal style and title of the College, by an act of the Legislature, passed November 27, 1826. " No preparatory school, or department, has been connected with the College since 1824. Of course, the number of students has been small, compared with most other western colleges, whose catalogues are made up chiefly of grammar-school boys. "'The original grant of 50,000 acres of land by Congress was, by legislative management, for many years, rendered utterly unavailable. Congress directed the whole to be located in a body, and not to be sold for less than $2 per acre. The Legislature of Tennessee, violating both conditions, located the grant in small, detached parcels, south of French Broad and Holston Rivers, and sold it on a credit for $1 per acre; and, even of this mere moiety of the intended Congressional donation, very little was ever received. At length, after thirty years' vexatious delay, the General Assembly, during the session of 1837-8, agreed to allow the University the half of a township, or 11,520 acres of land, in the Ocoee District, then recently acquired from the Cherokee Nation, in lieu of its claim upon the State for both principal (not less than $100,000) and interest for thirty years-so long withheld for the exclusive benefit of the primitive occupants and their successors. This compromise yielded to the University about $40,000, and constituted its first and only source of annual revenue. The whole is securely invested, as a permanent fund, and interest has been paid regularly since 1840. "In 1822 (August 26), by virtue of a compact between the State of Tennessee and the University of North Carolina, 40,000 acres of land were secured to Cumberland College in the western district, one-fourth of which, as was then customary, was awarded to the locator for his services. The remaining 30,000 acres were sold in 1834 for $30,000,with interest. About half has been paid. "The State of Tennessee has never bestowed a dollar upon the University. Its permanent and productive capital has been greatly enlarged by judicious purchases and investments, as well as by a rigid economy in all expenditures. The present comparative prosperity of the University, and the future certainty of a handsome endowment, is the result of the patient labor and far-sighted sagacity of the late President, Philip Lindsley, D.D. "The literary department of the University of Nashville was reorganized in 1853. A magnificent stone edifice has been erected, at a cost of about $45,000. The corner-stone was laid, with appropriate TENNESSEE. 471 ceremonies, April 7th, 1853. No dormitories will be furnished for students in the University building, but they will occupy rooms in the families where they bdard. However well the custom of students lodging in college buildings may suit the colleges which are located in small villages, this custom is neither necessary nor safe in so large a city as Nashville."- Ca talogue. WESTERN MILITARY INSTITUTE. Incorporated by the State of Kentucky in 1847. "During seven years, it enjoyed, in that State an extensive patronage, and grew in public favor throughout the South and West, usually numbering students from 15 to 18 States-of the Union. In 1853, after having closed, in a satisfactory manner, a session, with 200 students in attend ance, and entered upon the following term with a reputation widely extended, it became necessary, on account of sickness, to disband the students. At this period, much interest in the fate of the institution was manifested in Tennessee. It was proposed to remove it to this State, and measures were projected to this end. Under the prospects presented, the old charter from the State of Kentucky was finally abandoned, and the Legislature of Tennessee passed a new one, imposing upon a Board of Trustees, among other duties, that of selecting a permanent location, at an eligible point, for the Western Military Institute. A temporary location was accordingly effected at Tyree Springs, Tennessee, whither the Institute was removed in February, 1854. It there passed to the close of its third semi-annual term, commanding increasing favor and confidence, and illustrating, under many disadvantages, the excellencies of its peculiar system of discipline and instruction. Meanwhile, several localities, with various inducements, having been offered, the Board of Trustees, after examination and mature consideration, accepted articles of union with the University of Nashville, and have permanently located it as the collegiate or literary department of that University; believing that the prominent position, the extensive, well-planned buildings, the pleasant and healthful site, the numerous facilities for education and discipline secured, best fulfil the requirements of the charter, and afford the best means of perfecting those excellent qualities of the system of education which have characterized -the Western Military Institute, and commanded for it so large a patronage."- Catalogue. 472 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. EROSOPHIAN SOCIETY (UNIVERSITY OF NASHVILLE). (1855.) 4159 vols. Receipts during 1854, $100; expended for books, $15 60; binding, $10 20; incidentals,. $73 20. The library is open three hours every Saturday. During 1854, 1500 books were lent to 123 persons. The greatest demand was for history, biography, travels, fiction, and miscellany. 3900 volumes are in English, 23 French, 11 German, 9 Spanish, 25 other modern languages, 143 Latin, 42 Greek, and 6 Hebrew. TEX AS. AUSTIN. SUPREME COURT LIBRARY. $1500 are appropriated annually for the Supreme Court Library. The librarians of the three branches of the Supreme Court, receive $300 each.' STATE LIBRARY. (1850.) 1000 vols. The collection of books usually styled the State Library, was commenced in 1837, and has been derived from donations. The average annual increase is about 80 volumes. The books are kept in the building of the State department, and are accessible to the public, without charge, during business hours, every day. About 300 are annually taken out, and perhaps 300 or 400 persons annually consult the collection without borrowing books. The library is in charge of the Secretary of State, who is considered ex officio librarian. $600 were appropriated for useful books for the Department of State, 1856-'57. HUNTSVILLE. AUSTIN COLLEGE. Incorporated in 1850. "An extensive library has been procured ex TEXAS. 473 elusively for the use of the students, faculty, and Board of Trustees, and will be increased from time to time." There are two literary societies, the CLAY UNION and PHILOMATHEAN, which have spacious rooms in the College edifice. INDEPENDENCE. BAYLOR UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 1000 vols. " Baylor University was chartered by the Republic of Texas, in 1845, and commenced soon after in an old building, which cost, at sheriff's sale, $300, with one teacher and 24 pupils, male and female. It is now worth in lands, buildings, endowments, &c., about $50,000, and has 10 professors and teachers, with 260 students in both departments. "The buildings at present occupied, are a two-story stone building, with two smaller buildings for study-rooms, or dormitories. The trustees intend, as soon as the present building for the female department is finished, to erect an edifice on University Hill, worth $25,000 or $30,000. Several generous spirits have already offered to give $1000 each to begin the work. "Between $300 and $500 worth of books are ordered from Boston and New York, to increase our present library. "The PHILOMATHESIAN and EUSOPHIAN SOCIETIES have weekly meetings for discussions, lectures, and reading essays, which are open for all students in good standing. The YouNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN AsSOCIATION is a society of the serious and pious students, for cultivating morality and devotion, by reading missionary reports, moral essays, and hearing lectures and discussions concerning Christianity, and the lives and deeds of the great and good." RUTERSVILLE. TEXAS MONUMENTAL AND MILITARY INSTITUTE. (185-7.) 350 vols. Incorporated August 6, 1857. The Legislature of Texas, in 1856, consolidated the Texas Monumental Committee, the Texas Military In 474 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. stitute, and the IRutersville College, and incorporated them under the title of the Texas Monumental and Military Institute. The object of the consolidation is stated " to erect a suitable mausoleum to those who have died, or may die, in the service of Texas, and the establishment of institutions of high learning for the youth of Texas, as a most suitable monument in honor of the dead." The Superintendent of the Institute holds the rank of Colonel, is commissioned as such by the Governor, and directs the military and academic operations, according to military principles. The following information has been furnished by the Superintendent, Col. Forshey:"The Texas Military Institute was founded by the writer, at Galveston, Texas, in March, A.D. 1855, where it was conducted for three sessions, without library, apparatus, or collegiate buildings. "'In May, 1856, a contract was entered into by the founder, with the trustees of Rutersville College, in Fayette County, Texas (an institution chartered by the Congress of Texas, in 1849, and partially endowed, by private contributions, with lands and some buildings, chiefly by the Methodists, and conducted as a promiscuous male and female school, reaching the rank of a respectable academy); by which contract, the Rutersville College-lands and buildings-was leased for a period of seven years, and the Texas Military Institute was to be removed to that place, and the institution, in future, to be conducted under military discipline. " Subsequently, and before the Institute was opened at Rutersville, the Texas Monumental Association, with a directory at Lagrange, in this county, formed with the Texas Military Institute and Rutersville College, a treaty of annexation; and all three applied for a new charter, ratifying the contract, and repealing the nominal relation of. Rutersville College to the Methodist Conference, and at the same time establishing the Military Institute and Monument, under a Board of Trustees, appointed by the Legislature, and filling future vacancies by nomination of the Board, and confirmation by the Senate. "When the Institute was removed to the College at Rutersville, September 30, 1856, no library existed, though the documents from Congress were regularly sent, and were found lying in irregular confusion around the floors of the recitation rooms, to the number of 50 or 60. Others had been removed to a private house, and were thus preserved. "I immediately constructed a book-case, collected and preserved, as VERMONT. 475 best I could, the books to be found, filed and took care of the public documents as they arrived, under regular distribution (from Senator Houston's frank), and commenced the establishment of a library. As the rent of the Institute is payable in library and apparatus, the first year's rent has been appropriated to that purpose, besides such other funds as we could command; and, as the Mlonument is to be the College, and the Mausoleum or vaults to contain the remains of the honored dead of Texas, a collection has already commenced of relies and trophies, to form a State museum, as a part of the monument. "The apparatus for chemical, philosophic, and engineering purposes, consists of a few very fine instruments, worth some $350. "The College hall is a frame building, ample, for some years, for recitation rooms and hall proper. The quarters or barracks for the cadets are sufficient for the lodgment of about 80 cadets. "The grounds are ample, exceedingly elegant, and the place salubrious to a degree unheard of. For the first instance, in the State of Texas, the regular collegiate classes are all formed, and no school-room exists in the Institute. The real character and form of a College have been attained." V E R M O N T ]BRATTLEBORO. BRATTLEBORO LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1873 vols. Founded in 1842. The receipts, for the year ending October, 1855, were $400; 1856, $266 05; and, during 1855, $132 were expended for books; 1856, $131 07, $12 for binding; 1856, 814 43, $100 for salaries; 1856, $125, and $50 for incidentals; 1856, $43. A. IH. Bull, Esq., has made a donation of $2000, payable in yearly instalments of $100. The library is open three days in the week, and every evening. During the year 1855, over 200 persons took out books. During 1856, 1150 volumes were lent to 249 persons. All the books are in English. Salary of librarian, $125. Annual cost of support, 8300. During the last five years, $700 were expended for books. 476 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. BURLINGTON. UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT. (1855.) 8549 vols. The original library, which had been made up by donations at different periods, from the time the University was founded (1801), was almost wholly destroyed by fire in 1824. The present library may be regarded as having its beginning in 1836, when the sum of $10,000 was appropriated towards it, and Professor Joseph Torrey was sent to Europe to select the books. It is believed by many, whose opinions on such subjects are entitled to weight, that a better library, considering the number and the cost of the books, is not to be found in this country. It is supported by a tax on the students of $1 50 per annum, amounting to about $175 a year. The interest of $750 is devoted to the purchase of works in English literature and history; and the interest of $500 is expended for periodicals. The total receipts, during 1854, were $255; expenditures for books, $62 08; binding, $18; periodicals, $36 37; salaries, $50; incidentals, $16. Receipts, during 1855, $216 76; expenditures for books, $113 83; periodicals, $35 62; salaries, $50; incidentals, $15. The library is open half an hour every Wednesday and Saturday. The books in the different languages are as follows:1854. Eng., 5468; Fr., 940; Ger., 616; Span., 10; other mod. lang. 172; Latin, 702; Greek, 344. 1855. " 5715; " 941; " 624; " 10; " " 172; " 708; * 350. 1854. Hebrew, 25; Oriental, 30. Total, 8307. Purchases, 6000. Donations, 2100. Exchanges, 207. 1855. " 25; " 30. " 8549. " 6044. " 2298. " 207. A catalogue was printed in February, 1854, 8vo., 160 pages, at a cost of $328 for 1000 copies. "In the first catalogue of this library, which was prepared with great pains, and published in 1836, the books were arranged and classified by subjects; but the impracticability of classifying in this way, without considerable repetition, works which comprise several distinct subjects, led to a different arrangement in the second catalogue. The books in this are arranged by the names of the authors in alphabetical order; and an index of subjects is appended, to facilitate its use by the students, whose wants were chiefly had in view in its preparation." A number of reviews, &c., are regularly received. "This is one of the few libraries in the United States selected with competent bibliographical knowledge, with good judgment, and purchased with economy. It is also under admirable management." VERMONT. 477 PHI SIGMA NU SOCIETY (UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT). (1857.) 1874 vols. Founded in 1823. The library is open twice a week. During 1854, 500 volumes were lent to 40 persons. During 1856, 1139 volumes to 67 persons. A catalogue was printed in 1846. Two magazines are taken. Receipts, 1856, $78 50; expenditures for books, $34 87; binding, $5 76; periodicals, $15; salaries, $10. 1823 volumes are in English, 42 French, 8 German, 1 Latin. There are 383 pamphlets in the library. About 34 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $165 85 were expended for books. SOCIETY FOR RELIGIOUS INQUIRY (UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT). (1857.) 534 vols. Founded in 1835. The annual receipts and expenditures are less than $50. About 40 persons took out books during 1854. The Bibliotheca Sacra is the only periodical subscribed for. The library is open every Wednesday. Salary of librarian, $5. During the last five years, $15 25 were expended for books. MIDDLEBURY. MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE. (1850.) 5000 vols. Founded in 1800. The students pay $4 a year for the use of the library. Resident graduates, clergymen, and others, by permission of the librarian and faculty, are allowed to take out books without charge. A catalogue was printed in 1833, containing 16 pages 8vo., double columns. The library is opened once a week, and kept open for an hour. PHILADELPHItAN SOCIETY (MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE). (1855.) 770 volumes. Founded June 4, 1804, by Caleb Burge, Calvin Noble, Eli Eddy, Oliver Hurlburt, Oliver Leavitt, Amos Bingham, William Andrus, Chauncey Cook, Stephen Martindale, Daniel Hascall, Josiah Belt, and Roswell Barber. The annual fee is $1. The library is of a religious 478 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. character. It is open one hour a week. During 1854, 300 volumes were taken out by 20 persons. Nearly 100 volumnes are added annually. MONTPELIER. HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY OF VERMONT. This Society was incorporated November 22, 1838. Its library and collections are, as yet, very small. STATE LIBRARY OF VERMONT. (1857.) 7100 vols. Founded November 17, 1825. An appropriation of $200 is annually made for the library by the Legislature. The books are lent to members of the Legislature and Council. The capitol was destroyed by fire in 1857, and the library thrown into confusion; most of the books were saved, however. About 200 volumes are added annually, and 500 lent to readers. NORWICH. NORWICH UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 2000 vols. Founded in 1834. The library commenced in 1843. The average annual increase is 300 volumes; average annual expenditure, $25. The room is adorned by a full-length portrait of the distinguished and lamented Colonel T. B. Ransom, former President of the College. The library has no permanent fund. It is opened at 3 o'clock on Saturday afternoons, and at such other times as visitors may desire. The faculty, students, members of the corporation, and donors, are entitled to the use of the books. 400 volumes are lent annually. VIRGINtA. 479 V I t G IN I A. ALEXATNDRIA. ALEXANDRIA LIBRARY. (1856.) 4481 vols. Founded in 1794. " On the 24th of July of that year, a meeting of some of the prominent citizens of Alexandria, was held' at the house of John Wise,' who formed themselves into a voluntary Association, and adopted certain' constitutional outlines of a permanent institution for establishing a circulating library, to be called the Library Company of Alexandria.' " The Association continued voluntary till 1798, when an act of incorporation was obtained from the Legislature of Virginia. This act, however, proved defective, and a new one was passed the following year, which has remained unaltered to the present time. 6' Under this charter the Company advanced with varied success. From 1830 to 1840, it was in'a languishing condition; and on the establishment of the Lyceum, an effort was made to revive it, by forming a union between the two companies. At this time the books were removed to the room they now occupy, in the Lyceum building. " This connection lasted till 1844, when it was dissolved by mutual consent, and from that time the Library Company was suspended till 1852. In that year it was reorganized, and a considerable number of new stockholders was added. The number of books then in the library was rather less than 4000; more than 500 have since been added. " At the present time, the number of stockholders is about 100; the library contains 4481 volumes; the annual addition is between 125 and 150, and the number taken out yearly is nearly 3000." A catalogue of 61 pages 8vo. was printed in 1856. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 300 vols. Organized in 1853. Average annual amount expended for books since 1851, $10. Average annual number of volumes added to the library, 15. The volumes are read in the room, but not taken away. 480 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. " The Association has about 175 members, but there is a great lack of zeal with the majority; the work is done by a very few. The meetings are generally slimly attended. It has a flourishing Sunday-school in operation, and another about to be commenced. Also a night-school for indigent boys and girls, which is open three nights in the week during a session of five months, from November to March, inclusive. It is taught by volunteers, and the average number of scholars, during last session, has been about 60. In the Seamen's Bethel, in charge of this Association, there is preaching every Sunday afternoon, by ministers of the various churches in the city, in rotation. A city missionary is also employed, whose especial duty it is to look after the spiritual and temporal wants of the poor. Five or six lectures have been delivered during the winter, which have been free. There have been, also, monthly lectures to firemen, in their halls, and sermons to young men, once a month, in the various churches alternately. The reading-room is kept open in the evening, and tolerably well attended."-Qiuarterly Reporter, April, 1857. BERRYVILLE. ACADEMY LIBRARY. (1850.) 1000 vols. The president and trustees of this institution, in their Report, in 1835, state:"About 25 years since, a lot of ground, containing about two acres, was procured in the town of Berryville, and a building erected thereon by private contribution, at an expense of about $3000, which has since been constantly occupied as an English and classical academy. A few years since, further subscriptions were entered into for the gradual purchase of a library of about 1000 volumes, to be attached to the Academy; which library is also in successful operation, and promises to be extensively useful, both to the students of the Academy, and to the residents in its immediate neighborhood." BETHANY. BETHANY COLLEGE. (1857.) 1500 vols. Founded in 1840. One-half of the matriculation fees received from VIRGINIA. 481 students, is devoted to the library. This fund, consequently, fluctuates:with the number of new students each session. During the last five years, 8500 have been expended for books. The library is open one hour each week. 100 volumes are added yearly. 1300 volumes are in English, 25 French, 31 German, 4 other modern languages, 50 Latin, 20 Greek, 10 Hebrew, and 7 Oriental. The College was destroyed by fire in 1858. There are three literary societies: the NEOTROPHIAN, the AMERICAN LITERARY INSTITUTE, and the ADELPHIAN. AMERICAN LITERARY INSTITUTE (BETHANY COLLEGE). (1857.) 515 vols. Founded in 1841. It is supported by voluntary contributions. The library is open one hour each week. A MS. catalogue has been furnished by the librarian to the Smithsonian Institution. NEOTROPHIAN SOCIETY (BETHANY COLLEGE). (1857.) 562 vols. Founded November, 1841. A MS. catalogue was sent to the Institution, by ir. V. F.. Jones. BOYDTON. RANDOLPH MACON COLLEGE. (1857.) 2000 vols. Incorporated in 1832. In 1834, the College library contained 2000 volumes; WASHINGTON SOCIETY, 2300 volumes; FRANKLIN SOCIETY, 2300 volumes; total, 6600. Every student has free access to all the libraries. EMORY. EMORY AND HENRY COLLEGE. (1857.) 11,097 vols. Founded in 1839. The yearly average increase, for the last ten years, has been 250 volumes. The average annual expenditure about $75, raised by a tax of $1 a year on each person using the library. A catalogue (28 pages 12moo) was printed in 1846. The library is open one 31 482 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. hour and a half each week. Any person paying the fee, and conforming to the rules, may borrow the books. There are two societies of students possessing libraries: the IERMESIAN SOCIETY, 2693 volumes; and the CALLIOPEAN SOCIETY, 2717 volumes. HAI~PDEN SIDNEY. IHAMPDEN SIDNEY COLLEGE. (1857.) 2347 vols. Founded in 1776. Any person can have the free use of the library. It is open when convenient. 2307 volumes are in English, 5 French, 2 Spanish, 7 other modern languages, 23 Latin, 3 Greek. About 40 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support, $5. " The College library is a miserable excuse for the library of a literary institution. The Society libraries are good, and supply the wants of undergraduates very well. We expect soon to put the College library on a firm and enduring basis, by funding $2000 for its support and increase." The UNION SOCIETY, and the PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY have together 7000 volumes in their libraries. —C. liartln. PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY (HAMPDEN SIDNEY COLLEGE). (1855.) 2765 vols. Founded in 1807. This is reported as a secret Society, and no particulars can be communicated. UNION SOCIETY (HAMPDEN SIDNEY COLLEGE). (1857.) 3500 vols. Founded in 1789. The annual expenditure for books is about $200. Books must be returned by regular members in one month; by honorary members, in two. The library is open one hour a day three days in the week. About 1000 volumes were lent, in 1854, to nearly 100 persons. The number read in each class was as follows: History, 50; fiction, 75; theology, 15; law, 4. The book most read was "'Queechy." A catalogue was printed in 1855. VIRGINIA. 483 UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1857.) 4443 vols. Founded by the Synod of the Presbyterian Church in Virginia, for the theological department of Hampden Sidney College, in 1812. The library was commenced in 1828. The books are arranged by subjects, according to the departments of the professors: "Church History," "Theology," "Oriental Literature." The library is open one hour a week for lending books; every day for reference. During 1854, 38 students borrowed 399 books. There are 3434 volumes in English, 72 in French, 31 German, 12 Spanish; other modern languages, 12; Latin, 578; Greek, 113; Hebrew, 25; Oriental, 4. A catalogue was printed in 1833. The library is almost exclusively composed of theological literature, and "contains no trash." 135 volumes are added annually by donations. 500 volumes are annually lent. LEXINGTOiN. VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. (1855.) 4000 vols. The first step towards the erection of a library, was in a recommendation of the State librarian, Gen. W. H. Richardson, December 31, 1839. He recommended to the Committee on the State Library to appropriate the debt due from the library to the Literary Fund, for the purpose of providing a library for the Virginia Military Institute. He also advised that those works of which there were duplicates in the State Library, maps, &c., be furnished as the foundation for such a library as the Military Institute would require. This recommendation produced no immediate effect; but in March, 1841, a bill was passed, by which $500 a year, for five years, were directly appropriated from the Literary Fund to purchase a library for the Institute. A catalogue was printed in 1855, at a cost of $25. The SOCIETY OF CADETS was formed in 1840. It has a library of 600 volumes, and the hall is ornamented with paintings, &c. In 1848, the VIRGINIA DIALECTIC SOCIETY OF CADETS was organized, and had a library, in 1854, of 272 volumes. WASHINGTON COLLEGE. (1857.) 2500 vols. Founded in 1776. On October 13, 1774, a resolution was passed by 484 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. the Hanover Presbytery, appointing a committee to raise subscriptions for this purpose. In 1837, the library, though more than 60 years old, scarcely contained 700 volumes, and those were in a very shattered condition. It had no fund, or other means of increase. A small fee has, for several years, been imposed upon every matriculate, which is devoted to the library, and yields from $125 to $150 per annum. The College laws provide only for its use by students and professors, who can have access any day for consultation, and can take out books on the regular days twice a week. GRAHAM PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY (WASHINGTON COLLEGE). (1857.) 2500 vols. Founded August 10, 1809. The receipts during 1854 were $125. About $100 are annually expended for books. The library is open to members twenty minutes every day, except Saturday and Sunday. The Society has about 40 members. WASHINGTON LITERARY SOCIETY (WASHINGTON COLLEGE). (1857.) 1700 vols. Founded in 1812. MADISON. LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. (1850.) 353 vols. Founded January 1, 1842. The library contains 353 volumes, 2 manuscripts, 25 maps, 6 charts. It is opened once a week, and kept open two hours. A person may become a member by paying $1 per annum. PARKERSBURG. LITERARY ASSOCIATION. (1850.) 360 vols. Incorporated January 11, 1844. The library was commenced in the autumn of that year. About $40 a year are expended for books. The library is open every week-day during business hours. Persons entitled to the use of the books are: 1. Members of the Association, who pay $3 VIRGINIA. 485 per annum; 2. Subscribers, who pay $2 per annum; 3. Apprentices, wards, and children of members or subscribers (they being responsible), at $1 per annum. The average annual issue of books is about 225. Non-subscribers may obtain the use of books by depositing their value. PETERSBURG. LIBRARY OF PETERSBURG. (1857.) 4700 vols. "The establishment of a public library in Petersburg, Virginia, was reserved for the prosperous and auspicious year, 1853. The first meeting called for the promotion of this object, was held on the evening of March 12th. In April, a constitution and by-laws were adopted, and a Board of Managers elected. During the same month, the act of incorporation was obtained. The Board of Managers met for the first time, in May. A treasurer and librarian were shortly after appointed. A hall and two' contiguous rooms were leased for five years. In June, 20 newspapers and 17 reviews and magazines were selected for the reading-room, which was opened early in July. June 23d, a committee of three members of the Board was appointed to prepare a list of books to be purchased for the library. July 28th, the committee reported a list. The library hall was remodelled and fitted up with galleries, in which the books were to be deposited. A conversation-room was subsequently fitted up and opened. The greater portion of the books were purchased from Messrs. D. Appleton & Co., during August and September. The library was formally opened on the evening of December 4th, 1853, when an introductory add~ress was delivered by Thomas S. Gholson, Esq., President of the Board of Managers. The number of members was, on the 8th of March, 1854, the time of the first annual meeting of the Association, 340."-Catalogue. The annual dues are $6; life-membership, $100. The receipts during 1854, were $3200; of which $600 were expended for books and periodicals. During 1856, the receipts were $2964 10; expended for books, $250; binding, 875; periodicals, $200; salaries, $500; incidentals, $825. The library is open every day, except Sundays, from 9 A.M. to 2 P.M., and from 41 to 10 P.M. During 1854, 5300 volumes were lent to 300 persons. During 1855, 6220 volumes were lent to 350 persons. Works of fiction and travels were most read. 486 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. A catalogue, 82 pages Svo., was printed in 1854, at a cost of $250 for 500 copies. About 40 periodicals are regularly received. 300 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support, $1850. In 1853, $3406 were expended for books; since then, $250 have been appropriated every year. Salary df librarian, $500; assistant, $100. PORTSMOUTH. VIRGINIA MALE AND FEMALE COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (1857.) 1750 vols. About 250 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $1000 were expended for books. PRUNTYTOWN. RECTOR COLLEGE. (1857.) 2500 vols. Chartered by the Legislature, in 1838. It was opened for the reception of students, in 1839. The library was founded in 1840. It is a "valuable collection of more than 2000 volumes, containing the Latin and Greek classics, a choice selection of works of modern authors, English, French, German, Spanish, &c. In the departments of theology, anatomy, mathematics, history, and moral science and law, are many standard authors." The whole library was collected in contributions from a great number of clergymen, officers of colleges and seminaries, and individuals in the New England States, but mostly in Massachusetts. The room occupied by the, library is 251 feet square, in the third story of the brick building erected for the College in 1838-'39. The library is open one hour a week. All the officers and students are entitled to the use of the library; the latter pay 50 cents a year for the privilege. Books are also lent to persons living in the town and vicinity. Besides the College library, the principal has a private library of 1000 volumes, accessible to all the students. RICHMOND. RICHMOND COLLEGE. (1857.) 1500 vols. This library, founded in 1843, contains 1200 volumes, a few maps, VIRGINIA. 487 and about 40 diagrams for illustrating natural philosophy. The library occupies a room, 12 by 18 feet, in the College building. It is open once a week for half an hour, and frequently at other times by request. Students who have the Gospel ministry in view, pay nothing; other students pay $1 per annum for the use of the books. The MU-SIGMA-RHO SOCIETY has 60 volumes of books and a reading-room, with 6 periodicals, accessible by paying 61 cents per month. STATE LIBRARY. (1855.) 13,000 vols. The first step towards founding the Library was in an Act, passed in 1822-'23, requiring certain books to be sold, and the proceeds to be applied to the purchase of a library for the Court of Ap5peals, General Court, and the General Assembly. The library is governed by a Library Comrnmittee, appointed at each session of the General Assembly. The receipts during 1854 were $6059 50; about $2600 were spent for books. A catalogue, prepared by P. F. Howard, Esq., was published in 1855. An effort was made to conform to the system proposed by Mr. Jewett; but it was 1" abandoned as impracticable." The books in the library, in 1855, were valued at $50,000; whilst the fund for its increase consists first, of a permanent stock for sale (of reports, statutes, &c.), amounting in value to about $36,000. This stock is considered permanent, because it is increased from time to time, to an extent at least equal to the annual sales, which are about $5000; the whole of which are devoted to the library. The cash in hand amounts to $14,000. The following classification of books was, adopted, after much consideration:Chapter I. Law: containing Reports, Elementary Treatises, &c. II. Statute Law and Legislative Documents. III. Politics, Public Economy, and Statistics. IV. Religion, and Moral and Mental Philosophy. V. History and Biography. VI. Geography: including Voyages and Travels. VII. Polite Literature.'VIII. Philology, EduLcation, Bibliography, and Criticism. IX. Sciences and Arts: containing the Physical Sciences, Useful Arts, and the Fine Arts. 488 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Chapter X. Agriculture and Rural Affairs. XI. Field-Sports, &c. XII. International Exchanges: Books received from the Agent. All officers of the Government, and members of the General Assembly, judges, and attorneys, are entitled to use the library. It is open from 8 A.M. to 3 P.M., from April to October; and from 9 A.M. to 3 P.M., from October to April.- G. W. Mu nford. The State has a library for the Court of Appeals at Lewisburg, consisting entirely of law-books. VIRGINIA HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. (1857.) 2500 vols. Formed 29th December, 1831. The General Assembly, by an act of the 10th of March, 1834, incorporated the Society, and by resolution of the 6th of February, 1835, directed to be presented to it a copy of the large map of Virginia, and such books and papers belonging to the Library Fund as the Joint Committee on the Library may designate. A leading object of the Society was to collect and preserve books and papers, both in print and manuscript, relating to the history of America, and especially of Virginia; to make its library a repository of everything of the kind, as far as practicable. But few purchases have been made. The library is kept in a large room in the law building, in which the meetings of the Society are also held. It is open for consultation daily at all hours. Members of the Society can introduce others. No books are allowed to be taken from the room. Perhaps 100 different persons consult the collection in a year. The' private library of Mr. Maxwell, lent to the Society, and deposited in their rooms, contains about 1000 volumes. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 2170 vols. Founded in December, 1854. Very few associations in the country have shown greater activity and been more useful than this. It has a large and influential membership, whose individual and collected exertions must produce important results in the future moral character of Richmond. Its rooms are pleasant and central, and much frequented. They are well supplied with the leading periodicals of the day. The VIRGINIA. 489 library is rapidly and constantly increasing. About 300 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years, $250 were expended for books. "During the year 1856, this;Association procured comfortable and commodious rooms in Goddin's Building, where they have a fine library, which is gradually augmenting, and a reading-room, supplied with papers and magazines, both of a religious and secular character, from different sections of the country. Adjoining these is a large hall, fitted up with rostrum and other appurtenances, to accommodate the various meetings of the Association. The literary society, originated last winter under the patronage of the Association, has been reorganized this fall under more favorable circumstances than before, and is in a flourishing condition. The Bible class has also been reorganized, with promise of much usefulness. The Sabbath morning sunrise meeting is still kept up, and it is gratifying to observe an unusual interest manifested in the meetings of the Association, which are much better attended than ever before. A new feature in our exercises, the delivery of an essay by some member of the Association, at each regular meeting, has very much enhanced their attractiveness. " An effort is about to be made.to establish weekly social meetings at the rooms of the Association, intended to promote mutual acquaintance among the members, and secure a better general attendance. " The Lecture Committee have arrangements in progress for a course of lectures during the winter, by distinguished speakers. The Committee on Employment keep at the rooms of the Association a book, in charge of the librarian, in which young men, wanting employment, register their names and terms. "The Committee on Education found the field preoccupied; on the one hand by the Mechanics' Institute, which sustains a large and flourishing night school; and, on the other, by the different religious denominations, with regard to mission Sabbath schools."- Qr. Rep., 4ugust, 1857. ROMNEY. LITERARY SOCIETY. (1850.) 1050 vols. Founded on the 4th of February, 1819. Incorporated by an act of the General Assembly of Virginia, passed January 3, 1823. A leading object of its institution was the purchase of a library of valuable Btand 490 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. ard authors, by the annual subscription of its members, an object which has been since steadily pursued. By the liberality of the Legislature (Acts of the 6th of January, 1832, and of 15th of February, 1844), the Society, having then become possessed of considerable means, procured an act to be passed on the 12th of December, 1846, conferring upon it authority "' to establish, at or near the town of Romney, a seminary of learning, for the instruction of youth in the various branches of science and literature." Immediately after the passage of this last act, the CC Romney Classical Institute" was founded, under the auspices of the Society, and is in a very prosperous condition. The Society has an endowment of $20,000, and possesses a permanent fund of $12,000, yielding $720 per annum; one-half of which is devoted to the support of the Romney Classical Institute, and the remainder to the purposes of the Literary Society,-the purchase of books, philosophical apparatus, &c. In 1845, a handsome brick building (two stories high, main building 54 feet by 40, with a wing forming a convenient residence for~the principal of the Institute) was built by the Literary Society, for its own use, and for an academy. The building and grounds cost about $8000. The upper story of the main building is devoted to the use of the Society, and is divided into two roomns-a hall for meetings, and a library. The meetings of the Society are held in public, semi-monthly, for the discussion of questions literary, moral, &c.; and lectures on various subjects are occasionally delivered before it, by its own members or others, on the invitation of the Society. By resolutions of the Society, the use of its library is extended to ministers of the Gospel of all denominations gratis, and to citizens generally on the same terms as those on which it is enjoyed by its own members. A "Catalogue of the Members and Library" was printed at Romney, June 1, 1849; 16 pages 16mo. There are, at present, twenty regular members, who pay $3 each per annum to the library fund; and eight library members, admitted under certain regulations of the Society, and paying the same fees. Persons having the use of the library are furnished with keys, and may enter at any time. Clergymen of the village, or vicinity, and the principal of the Institute, are the only persons to whom the privileges of the library have been gratuitously extended. SALEM. ROANOKE COLLEGE. (1857.) 2500 vols. Founded in 1851. The receipts during 1854 were $700. The VIRGINIA. 491 books are arranged by size at present, and the library is open two hours once a week. The character of the works in the library is more valuable than the number of volumes would indicate. A number of periodicals are regularly received. 500 volumes are added yearly. $600 have been expended for books. THEOLOGICAL SEIHNAlRY, FAIRlFAX CO. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (1857.) 7000 vols. Founded in 1823. An annual appropriation of $110 is made for the library. The yearly expenses are about $160. The books are arranged by subjects. The library is open every day from 2 to 3 Ip.m. The assistant librarian receives $50 per annum. This library contains some rare and scarce books. Among others may be mentioned the Antwerp Polyglot, in S folio volumes; Barker's Bible, first edition, 1611; Luther's Theses, and Melanethon's Loci, in 1521; Luther's Old Testament, with wood-cuts, 1527; Cicero, 1516; Fox's Acts and Monuments, original folio edition, 1575; Miigne's Cours de Patrologie, 200 volumes; Bampton's Lectures, 80 volumes; Bibles in 90 different languages, published and presented by the British and Foreign Bible Society. —Rev. J. Pactckard. UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. (1857.) 16,982 vols. Founded in 1825. The library of the University of Virginia, originally selected and arranged by Mr. Jefferson, has since been augmented by several valuable donations; among which, the legacy of Mr. Madison, amounting to 587 volumes; that of the late Christian Bohn, Esq., a generous and enlightened citizen of Richmond, amounting to 3380 volumes; and a donation of 234 works, presented by an unknown lady, through the Rev. Dr. Alexander, of Princeton. Through such additions, and the annual increase by purchase, the library now numbers nearly 25,000 volumes and pamphlets, comprising an unusually large proportion of standard literary and scientific works in the principal European languages, together with a rich and extensive collection of engravings. Students are allowed the use of the books, under the usual restrictions; and the librarian is in attendance daily, at stated hours, to give out books, and to receive those that are returned. Strangers can con 492 PUBLIC nIBRARIES. sult the books, but not take them away. $5 of the matriculation fee paid by each student is set apart for the increase of the library. Receipts during 1856, $3497 87; expenditures for books, $1577 09; binding, $30; periodicals, $154 50; salary of librarian, $450. A catalogue, 116 pages 8vo., was printed in 1828. During 1856, 5199 volumes were lent to 645 persons. In 1857, there were 16,982 volumes, 6134 palmphlets, 3000 engravings. About 250 volumes are added yearly. Annual cost of support, $500. During the last five years, $2743 81 were expended for books. 30 periodicals are taken. WILLIAMiSBURG. COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY. (1857.) 8000 vols. "The College of William and M{ary —the oldest, except Harvard University, in the United States-was chartered in 1693, by King William III and Queen Mary, who gave out of their private means nearly ~2000 sterling towards erecting the necessary buildings. This, with 20,000 acres of land, the office of Surveyor-General (in virtue of which one-sixth of the fees received by public surveyors in the colony, and the sole power of appointing them, were given),1 and one penny a pound on all tobacco exported from Virginia and Maryland, granted in the charter; ~2500 raised by subscription in the Colony, and a gift of ~200 fromB the House of Burgesses, constituted the endowment of the College. "The House of Burgesses, in 1693, laid a duty on all shins and furs exported, to be applied to the current expenses of the College; and, in 1726, on liquors, partly for the same purpose, and partly for'founding scholarships.' In the year 1759, a grant was made of the proceeds of a tax on peddlers.2 "The sum of ~1000 was appropriated, in 1718, by the House of Burgesses, for the purpose of maintaining and educating at the College'ingenious young men, natives of this Colony.''Scholarships' or'foundations,' were also endowed in the first half of the 18th century, by the following individuals: Col. Hill, of Shirley, and Robert Carter, 1 Among the Surveyors appointed by the College were Zachary Taylor, of Orange, grandfather of the late Gen. Taylor, and George Washington. 2 The annual value of these duties before the Revolution, was about ~2300. In 1776, they did not exceed ~700. VIRGINIA. 493 of Corotoman, who together gave ~2D00; irs. Bray, widow of Captain Thomas Bray, of New Kent, ~200; Mrs. Elizabeth Harrison, of Surry, ~300; the Rev. Dr. James Blair, ~500; and Philip Lightfoot, Esq., of Sandy Point, ~500. Mrs. Philarity Giles, of the Isle of Wight, left in her will, dated 1717, her reversionary interest in from 300 to 400 acres of land, on the Black Water, in the same County, to the'Royal College of William and Mary.' "These are the only donations known to have been made to the College before the Revolution, a gilt cup and Bible presented by Lady Gooch, of England; a portrait of the Hon. Robert Boyle, the gift of his brother, the Earl of Burlington; and some additions to the library,' mande principally by Dr. Blair, being excepted. After the Revolution, the General Assembly gave to William and Mary College, the palace lands and the houses on them; a tract of land near Williamsburg (known as' The Vineyard'), and a few acres not far from Jamestown. " But little is known of the history of the institution previous to the Revolution. The records of the proceedings of the faculty are still extant, extending from 1729 to 1783, and from 1790 to the present time. The early records are very meagre, relating mostly to pecuniary transactions. " The site was purchased in 1693, and the foundation of the building laid shortly afterwards. The building, designed to be an entire square when completed, was unfinished in 1700-two sides having been built. From this time, the House of Burgesses, in which the College was allowed a representative, held its sessions in it till 1705, when, together with the library and philosophical apparatus, it was destroyed by fire.2 Measures were immediately taken to rebuild it; but, owing to the want of available means and the scarcity of workmen, the present building was not finished till 1723. " The first president was Dr. James Blair, a native of Scotland, and an Episcopal clergyman, who, at the instance of the Bishop of London, came to Virginia as a missionary, in 1685. In 1689, he was appointed commissary, or representative of the Bishop of the Colony. He revived the project of establishing a College, entertained as early as 1620, but defeated by the Indian massacre of 1622.3 This gentleman may, with A few books were presented by Governors Spotswood and Dinwiddie. 2 The first building stood about 200 feet in rear of the present. 3 As early as 1619, ~1500 were raised in England, by virtue of letters issued by tlie King to the Bishops, for founding a College in Virginia, to educate and train 494 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. justice, be ternled the founder of William and Mary College, his active exertions, both in this country and in England, contributing most largely to its success. He died in 1743, having filled the office of president for half a century.' Previous to the Revolution, the College consisted of a divinity school; a school of philosophy, in which natural philosophy and mathematics were taught; a grammar school for instruction in the ancient languages; and an Indian school, supported by the proceeds of a fund left by the Hon. Robert Boyle,' for the'diffusion of Christianity among the infidel,' in which were, yearly, maintained and educated, from the early part of the 18th century until 1776, from 8 to 10 Indians. The trustees of this fund purchased with it a landed estate in England, known as Brafferton Manor, the rents of which were, with the exception of ~90, paid annually to the'Society for Propagating the Gospel in New England and Parts Adjacent,' expended in support of the school.2 "After the war, the organization of the College was changed. The divinity school was superseded by the law school; the Indian school was abandoned, the funds by which it was sustained having been diverted by the English courts of law into a different channel; and the grammar school, at a later period, gave place to the professorship of ancient languages in the College. " The number of students in 1703 was about 30. From that time to the Revolution, the -average number was not much below 60. Of this Indians. During this year, it was " moved and obtained," by Sir Edwin Sandys, President and Governor of the Company in England, "that 10,000 acres be laid off for the University at Henrico," intended not only for the Indian College, but also to " lay the foundation of a Seminary of learning for the English," and that 100 men be sent from England, as tenants for the land. Out of the rents, which it was supposed would be worth ~500 a year, the buildings were to be erected, and the masters supported. Mr. George Thorpe, a gentleman of His Majesty's Privy Chamber, came over to be Superintendent of the College. In 1621, a subscription of ~155 was obtained, and 2000 acres of land with five servants and an overseer, were allotted by the Company, to endow, at Charles City, a collegiate school, termed the " East India School," where scholars were to be prepared for admittance into the College at Henrico. On the 22d of March, 1622, Mr. Thorpe and 340 of the colonists, including a number of the College tenants, were killed by the Indians. This caused the lands to be abandoned, and the establishment of a -College to be delayed until William and Mary College was chartered.-Smzith's History of Virginia. 1 Mr. Boyle died in 1691. 2 These rents were worth about ~370 sterling a year. VIRGINIA. 495 number, from 10 to 15 were received on the scholarships or foundations. There were more than 70 students at the beginning of the war of the Revolution.l Near the close of the war, 3 of the professors, and more than 30 students, joined the army. Among the latter was James NMonroe, afterwards President of the United States. " In 1781, the exercises of the College were suspended, and the buildings were alternately occupied by the British and American troops, the summer before the memorable siege of Yorktown. While occupied by the French troops, the College was injured, and the president's house destroyed by fire. The latter was subsequently rebuilt at the expense of the French Government. How long the College was closed, does not appear from the records; probably not more than one year. In 1790, there was a respectable number of students. " It is much to be regretted that the College records are so imperfect a full list of alumni cannot be made out. Incomplete as it is, it contains such names as Theodoric Bland, Peyton Randolph, Carter. Braxton, George Wythe, Thomas Jefferson, John Page, Edmund Randolph, James Monroe, John Marshall, James Barbour, Philip P. Barbour, William B. Giles, Benjamin Watkins Leigh, Chapman Johnson, John Randolph of Roanoke, Spencer Roane, Littleton W. Tazewell, William C. Rives, John J. Crittenden, William S. Archer, John Nelson, John Tyler, and Winfield Scott, among the most diiished in American history. "The College, as now organized, contains a department of law; of moral and intellectual philosophy and belles-lettres; of history and political economy; of natural philosophy and chemistry; of mathematics; and. of ancient and modern languages. " Within the last few years, large additions have been made to the philosophical and chemical apparatus; both of which are now amply sufficient for all the purposes of instruction in these sciences."- Catalogue. "The City of Williamsburg is the oldest incorporated town in Virginia, and is, in the immediate vicinity of the ruins of Jamestown. It is built on both sides of a wide street, and is a town given over to great repose and tranquillity, except when the collegians have ventured to profane the quiet. From 1698 to 1779, Williamsburg was the State capital. At one end of the long street were the College buildings; and, at the other, was the State House, which was destroyed by fire many years ago. A tall, gaunt corner wall, is the only remaining monument of an 1 The parent society of the PHI BETA KAPPA was organized at William and Mary College as early as 1776. 496 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. edifice so distinguished in the annals of Virginia. There Patrick Henry thundered out his revolutionary utterance,'If this be treason, make the most of it;' and there the youthful Washington made his report of the expedition to the far west of the province, when the worthy speaker, observing his modest manner, exclaimed,' Sit down, Mr. Washington; your modesty is equal to your merit, and both surpass the power of any language that I possess.' Brave and glorious old traditions cluster around this monumental ruin. "Years ago, in the golden days of old Virginia aristocracy, Williamsburg was the central point where the culture and elegance of the province gathered about the residence of the Governor, who, as the representative of royalty, was next only to the throne itself. Turning to one side from the broad street of Williamsburg, you may see the ruins of Lord Dunmore's palace and its adjacent offices, destroyed by fire a few days after the battle of Yorktown, when French troops, under continental supervision, were quartered there. Mayhap, there was wild revelry after the surrender of Lord Cornwallis, and the final overthrow of British power in this land; and it is no wonder that, in the general joy, some carelessness in regard to this public property might have been mBanifested. Not distant from the palace is the old magazine, memorable in ante-revolutionary days for certain high-handed acts of the royal authorities, which threw all Virginia into a ferment, and sent a sympathetic thrill to colonies much farther north. The quaint old magazine is, or was, a few years ago, tenanted by a worshipping congregation of colored people, whose fervid prayers had utterly expelled all trace and smell of sulphur from the building. On the main street stands the old hotel, with the portrait of Raleigh on its creaking sign; and, scattered about, are the residences of the citizens, many of them built'before the war,' and all as antique and solemn as the very atmosphere of the town would demand. "The College was a pile of brick buildings, with a front of 136 feet, and standing in a large park. The original model was designed by Sir Christopher WVren, and the edifice was finished under the reign of Governor Spotswood. In the centre of the walk, to the front of the College, stands the statue of Lord Botetourt, an old Governor of Virginia. Some rude boy broke an arm from the statue years ago in the gymnastic exercise of throwing a cannon ball at it; but, though somewhat mutilated, and much worn by the weather, the figure bears marks of its original excellence. Various rooms in the College were adorned with tablets and inscriptions in honor of the buried past; and the library, VIRGINIA. 497 now destroyed, contained many volumes presented by Dinwiddie, Spotswood, and others once notable men, and gifts from colonial assemblies, possessing rare interest to the lover of old books. On the fly leaves were the autographs of many of the most eminent men in our country. " From the ancient minutes of the College the following is copied:"'June 26, 1761.-Resolved, That Mrs. Foster be appointed stocking mender in the College; and that she be paid annually the sum of ~12, provided she furnishes herself with lodging, diet, fire, and candles.'"' May 3, 1771. —Resolved, unanimously, That a negro woman, belonging to his late Excellency's (Lord Botetourt) estate, be purchased for the use of the College, if to be had at a moderate price.' " —Richmoncd paper. It is not known, with certainty, when the library was commenced; but Commissary James Blair, D.D., was sent out from England with the charter. He imported a considerable library, which, on his death, was left to the College. Many books were presented by Sir Alexander Spotswood, Robert Dinwiddie, and the General Assembly of Virginia, Louis XVI, of France, also presented the celebrated Cyclopaedia, and a number of quarto volumes on natural history, splendidly bound and illustrated. President Jefferson, and the Hon. Robert Boyle, of Ireland, were also among the donors. The- library proper of the College contains 8000 volumes, arranged under 28 distinct heads, or subjects, by Dr. John Millington. There is also a copious and well-selected law library of over 1000 volumes, kept in a separate apartment, under the care of the professor of law.'Both libraries are supported by a fee of $5, which every student -is required to pay at the time- of his entering College. There is no printed catalogue. The library is richly stored with biblical lore, and contains many fine editions of the older works on theology, and a great number of volumes of sermons. It possesses two good old pictures of heads of Commissary Blair at different ages, and one of his lady; also likenesses of Hon. Robert Boyle, and Thomas R. Dawlate, President of the College. (Part of the above information was furnished by Dr. John Millington, formerly librarian.) Receipts, during 1854, $270 50; expended for periodicals, $25; salaries, $50. The library is open once a week for two hours. During 1856, 800 volumes were lent to 100 persons. 6000 volumes are in English, 822 French, 16 German, 2 Spanish, 21 other modern lan32 498 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. guages, 934 Latin, 218 Greek, 15 Hebrew, 3 Oriental, 2 Indian, 1 Anglo-Saxon. 8 periodicals are taken.' WISCONSIN. APPLETON. LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 3500 vols. Founded in 1851. A respectable library is connected with the institution, to which the students have access by paying $1 50 a year. By the income of the bequest of $10,000, from the estate of the late Samuel Appleton, Esq., of Boston, large additions are annually made. During 1855, 1000 volumes were added. A catalogue was published in 1855, 43 pages 12mo., cost $50 for 500 copies. A reading-room, containing many of the valuable and popular periodicals of the day, is also attached to the library, and without additional charge. 500 volumes were lent during 1856, to 300 persons. 300 volumes are added yearly. During five years, $1000 were expended for books. A valuable set of philosophical and astronomical instruments has recently, at a large expenditure, been added to the institution. The entire apparatus is, it is believed, as complete and useful for the purposes intended, as that of any similar institution at the West. BELOIT. BELOIT COLLEGE. (1857.) 2491 vols. Commenced in 1848. An annual tax of 75 cents is charged the students for the use of the library. It is open half an hour once a week. During 1854, 830 volumes were lent to 57 students. There is a collection of 3000 specimens of mineralogy and geology, 300 shells, and 2000 plants. About 219 volumes are added yearly. During the last five years $330 were expended for books. There are two Society libraries, having, together, 700 volumes. The building and library were destroyed by fire February, 1859. WISCONSIN. 499 DELAFIELD. NASHOTAH HOUSE (Nashotah Lakes, Summit, Waukesha County). (1857.) 2700 vols. This is the legal name of what is the Nashotah Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church. It was chartered in 1847. Its object is to supply the Western missionary field with missionaries prepared in the West, amid its peculiar trials and hardships. The ALUMNI number 27. Five clergymen are associated together in the Mission, who, by the assistance of three candidates, give every student two recitations daily, and the larger number three. During 1854, the receipts for the library were $300. From 150 to 300 volumes are added yearly. 1600 volumes were taken out in 1854, by 36 persons. The books are arranged by size and convenience. A number of periodicals are received. There is an excellent collection of minerals. DELAVAN. INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. A commencement has been made of a library. The Principal, L. H. Jenkins, strongly urges its importance, in his Report for 1854. MADISON. STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN. (1857.) 3500 vols. Founded January 30, 1849. The organization of the Society was first suggested and urged by Chauncey C. Britt, Esq., in the "Mineral Point Democrat," of October 22d, 1845; but no definite steps were taken to effect the object, until January 30th, 1849. An act of incorporation was obtained in March, 1853; and in January, 1854, the Society was reorganized, with a view to more efficiency. The Society is mainly supported by an annual appropriation of $1000, and the salary of $1000 to the Corresponding Secretary. The members pay an annual fee of $2. The library is for reference only, and the 500 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. books are arranged by subjects. It is open daily during the session of the Legislature. About 80 periodicals and papers are regularly received and preserved. Among the volumes in the library are some very valuable and rare works, and great attention has been paid to securing those relating to the early history of the Northwest. The volumes of bound newspapers are very valuable. Portraits of many of the pioneers have been procured, and the cabinet of historical curiosities is large. The following extract from a circular, issued by the Society in 1855, will show its character and purposes:4' Let us commence with becoming zeal and energy, in the very infancy of our State, to collect and sacredly preserve whatever may tend to elucidate its history and progress. Much can be secured now, that would be difficult, if not impossible, to secure a quarter or half a century hence.'I have,' says Gen. Cass, in a recent communication to the Society,'I have visited Wisconsin many times indeed, when in a state of nature, and when no mall could have conjectured that its advance would be so rapid and wonderful.' Rapid and wonderful truly has been its past career. Its population, having increased from 3245 in 1830 to 30,945 in 1840, rose to over 305,000 in 1850; showing an increase in the latter decade, of 890 per cent.; and it may now be safely estimated at more than half a million-exhibiting a rapidity of advance altogether unprecedented, even in the marvellous growth of the mighty'West. This very advance, in all the elements of greatness, which will still continue, we believe, at an accelerating pace, admonishes us to secure what relates to the rapidly retreating past; to preserve a faithful record of passing events, and to keep alive the memory of the meritorious men who have contributed, or may hereafter contribute to mould the rising destinies of Wisconsin." By the report, January, 1857, it appears that the receipts of the past year have been $1206 30, and the expenditures $1136 73; leaving a balance in the treasury of $69 57. There are 3300 pamphlets; a large number of maps, engravings, autographs, and curiosities-an increase of eleven oil paintings; making the total number now in the gallery 33. The past year has been one of continued prosperity to the Society. During the last three years, $1205 30 were expended for books. " It is worthy of notice that this Society has been fostered and sustained by the State. The State has passed permanent acts for the following objects relating to the Society:" 1. Granting $1000 annually for the purchase of books, binding, &c. WISCONSIN. 501 "2. Granting an annual salary of $1000 for the services of the Corresponding Secretary, who not only ittends to the correspondence, but is practically the librarian, and editor of the Society's publications. "3. Granting the Society 30 bound copies annually of all State publications for exchange purposes; and 50 copies annually to Mr. Vattemare, to be transmitted to him, through the medium of the Society, and at the expense of the State. The return exchanges from him to be for the benefit of the State Library and State Historical Society. A special grant of 250 copies of WV. R. Smith's Documentary History of Wisconsin, published by the State, has been also made. "4. The State pays the postage of the Society, and grants it all duplicate historical and miscellaneous works now or hereafter in the State Library. " 5. The State publishes the Society's annual report and collections.Lyman C. Drqaer." 1" The report of the State Historical Society exhibits a very favorable condition of its affairs. The number of volumes in the library has been increased from 50 in 1854, to 2115 in 1856, and to 3120 on the first day of January, 1857; besides a large number of maps and engravings, and a fine collection of oil paintings, chiefly portraits of early pioneers and prominent men, together with many valuable memorials of our early history. The Society is already, in the extent and value of its acquisitions, superior to any west of the Alleghanies; it is a worthy object of State pride; and the suggestion of the report, in relation to some provision for the publication of its transactions in a more creditable and permanent form, merits your consideration."-Extrct cromt Gov. Bashford's Annual Mlessage to the Legislature of WTisconsin, Januactr 15, 1857. MADISON. STATE LIBRARY. (1857.) 7000 vols. Founded in 1836. The sum of $5000 was appropriated by Congress in 1836 for the purchase of books for the Territorial, now the State Library. The library is placed in a room of the capitol, measuring 18 feet by 42. Books are lent out to the members of the Legislature, judges of the Supreme Court, and the State officers, to be returned in six days. About 5000 persons consult the library yearly. It is open during the sessions of the Legislature and Supreme Court, from 9 A.M. 502 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. to 8 P.ml. Privileged persons can always have access to the books. In February, 1854, an act was passed appropriating $2000 for the purchase of law books, and $1000 for those of a miscellaneous character. The librarian receives $1000 salary. UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. (1857.) 3000 vols. By the action of the Legislature, 72 sections of wild land, granted by Congress to the State, were located for the benefit of the University. When all the lands shall have been sold, the capital fund of the University, derived from this source, will be $175,000. It is believed the permanent productive fund will be $300,000. In 1854, the income was $10,733 90. Up to 1856, $20,000 had been expended on the building. In 1854, there were 1003 volumes, of which only 450 were miscellaneous books, and all had been received by donation. A literary society has several hundred volumes. MILWAUXKIE. MILWAUKIE FEMALE COLLEGE. (1857.) 487 vols. Founded in 1850. $800 have been expended for books. About 80 volumes are added annually. YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 4000 vols. Organized in 1848. Incorporated in 1852. The receipts during 1854 were $1288 54, and expenditures $1148 36. Receipts, 1856, $2380 19; expenditures, $2303 42. The initiation fee is $1, and annual subscription $2. Life membership $25. The library is open every day and evening. A catalogue was printed in April, 1855, 92 pages, at a cost of $100 for 500 copies; a supplement in 1857, 28 pages 8vo. The yearly increase of volumes is about 400. The librarian receives a salary of $300. During the last five years, $1800 were expended for books. During 1854, 6000 volumes were lent to 232 persons. WISCONSIN. 503 PLATTEVILLE. PLATTEVILLE ACADEMY. (1855.) 1045 vols. Founded in 1845. The library is open one hour every Monday and Thursday, for the use of the students and teachers. 92 volumes were lent, during 1854, to 60 persons. By the munificent bequest of the late Hon. B. C. Eastman, the Academy comes into possession of his valuable library. RACINE. RACINE COLLEGE. (1857.) 1450 vols. "Founded by the citizens of Racine, under the auspices of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and at the instance of the Convention of the Diocese of Wisconsin, which met in Milwaukie, June 11th, 1851, acting through its committee, consisting of Rev. Azel D. Cole, D.D., Gen. Philo White, and Mr. Jacob Morrison. It was incorporated, with full collegiate powers and privileges, by the Legislature of Wisconsin, March 3d, 1852; and the corner-stone of the present College edifice was laid on the 5th of May following, when an eloquent and appropriate address was delivered by the Rev. Joseph H. Nichols, A.M., Rector of St. Luke's Church, Racine. The College exercises were commenced with nine students, on the 15th of November, 1852. Including the bell, and recent improvements, the total cost of the College building and its furniture, to the present time, has been $10,143, besides the library and apparatus. The officers and students, and the citizens of Racine can use the library." About 700 volumes were lent, during 1854, to 75 persons. The receipts, during 1854, were $75; and expenditures, for books and binding, $69. During 1855, 195 volumes were added, and this is about the annual increase. The students are charged $2 for the use of the library, attendance on lectures, &c. PHILOMATHEAN SOCIETY (RACINE COLLEGE). This Society has commenced collecting a library. 504 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. WAUKESHA. CARROLL COLLEGE. (1857.) 1200 vols.' Carroll College was chartered by the territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, and the act of incorporation approved on the 31st of January, 1846. " Owing to a variety of causes, nothing more was accomplished towards its organization than the perpetuity of its chartered privileges, until within the past few years. It has now a beautiful and commodious stone edifice, adapted to all the purposes of instruction, and is in the successful prosecution of the ends for which it was established. "' It was judged wise, in the founding of the Institution, to reject the old plan of building rooms for the accommodation of students on the College grounds. Under the'old system, a great number of students being thrown together in the samue building, they were subjected to unnecessary and unusual temptations to idleness, to the violation of the numerous rules which such an unnatural condition of things made necessary, to the formation of bad habits, and to all those lesser vices to which young men, and especially students, are so peculiarly liable. While the disadvantages connected with the dormitory system, therefore, are so great, not only in the respects named, but in others of equal importance, its advantages are of so little moment that all our best educationists have rejected it altogether."- Catalogwue. PHILOMATHEAN SOCIETY (CARROLL COLLEGE). (1857). 100 vols. Organized in 1855, by the students, for the purposes of debate and general literary culture. It has a library commenced, and publishes a monthly journal, "The Carroll College Student." The objects of the Society are earnestly approved by the faculty. WAUPUN. STATE PRISON. (1855.) 500 vols. A. WV. Starks states that, when he entered on his duties as Commissioner of the Prison, "' its library was altogether inadequate to the wants of the prisoners." He added $90 worth of books.-December, 1854. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 505 ]DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. GEORGETOWN.'. GEORGETOWN COLLEGE. (1857.) 26,000 vols. Founded in 1792. The College possesses a select library of 26,000 volumes, amongst which there are many very curious and rare works. In the library there are 100 volumes printed between the years 1460 and 1520. There are three manuscripts written before the year 1400, and one written in 1620. The College library is one of the most valuable in the country, particularly in theology and the classics. It contains a complete set of the Acta Sanctorum, the Church Fathers in the Benedictine editions, and many works of great value and rarity, at least in this country. The library is kept in a room 33 by 26 feet, most tastefully arranged with shelves of Brazilianwood, birds'-eye maple, curled maple, &c., the work of one of the members of the institution. There is also an octagonal room for state papers, journals, &c. No catalogue has been published. The books are arranged according to subjects. Only the faculty and students of the higher branches are entitled to take books from the library, and the person borrowing the book is strictly prohibited from lending it to any person, even in the College. Books are very seldom lent out of the College; owing to the loss of several works, great caution is exercised in lending. 7000 volumes are in English, 10,000 in French, Spanish, and other modern languages, and 8000 in Latin, Greek, &c. The libraryis classified as follows: 1. Bibles and Biblical Literature; 2. Controversial works on Religion and Morality; 3. Theology; 4. Sermons; 5. Philology; 6. Biography; 7. Greek and Latin Literature; 8. English Literature; 9. Mathematics and Natural Philosophy; 10. Natural Science, in which are a limited number of works on Zoology, Botany, Geology, Mineralogy, Chemistry, and Agriculture; 11. Geography; 12. History and Travels; 13. Ecclesiastical History and MIoral Philosophy. 10 reviews and 10 newspapers are taken. During the last five years, 81000 were expended for books. 506 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. There is a good philosophical apparatus, for the use of the advanced students. The museum contains an elegant and well-arranged cabinet of minerals; and many geological specimens, besides an extensive collection of shells. "Attached to the College, at the distance of about 400 yards, is an astronomical observatory, 60 feet long by 30 wide, divided from east to west into three rooms. The eastern room contains a first class meridian circle, by Troughton & Simms, of London. The divided arc of the circle has a diameter of 45 inches, reading by microscopes to fractions of a second of arc. The telescope has a four-inch glass. A fine sidereal clock, by Molyneaux, of London, accompanies this instrument. In the western room is mounted a fine transit instrument, by Ertel & Son, of Munich, It is seven feet long, and has a four and a half inch objectglass, and has in the room with it a sidereal clock. The middle part of the observatory is three stories high, and covered with a rotary dome. The dome room contains a well-mounted equatorial telescope, made by Troughton & Simms. This instrument has a four and eight-tenths inch object-glass, giving powers from 25 -to 400. Besides the above, there are five portable astronomical instruments, and a library of 500 choice works on Astronomy, Mathematics, and the Physical Sciences." PHILODEMIC SOCIETY (GEORGETOWN COLLEGE). Organized February 22, 1830. " It is essentially a debating Society, having for its object the cultivation of eloquence, the promotion of knowledge, and the preservation of liberty. It consists of resident, non-resident, and honorary members. Its meetings are of two kinds, viz., the ordinary, to be held at such times as may be prescribed by the by-laws, and the grand annual, to be held on or after the day of the Annual Commencement of Georgetown College.' READING-ROOM ASSOCIATION (GEORGETOWN COLLEGE). Founded October 23, 1850. Its object is to give all the students, who may think proper to avail themselves of its advantages, the opportunity of acquiring early and accurate information upon the leading topics of the day. The principal journals published in the country are received, together with the most popular, interesting, and instructive of the DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 507 foreign and domestic reviews and magazines. The officers of the Association are elected annually. PHILONOMOSIAN SOCIETY (GEORGETOWN COLLEGE). The Philonomosian Society, consisting of students in the junior classes who are not yet qualified for admission into the Philodemic Society, was organized on the 8th of January, 1839. Its object is similar to that of the Philodemic. WASHINGTON. COLUMBIAN COLLEGE. (1857.) 5000 vols. "The College was founded in 1819; and in 1821, it went into operation with a full faculty and a'large number of students. The importance of a university at the seat of Government had been deeply felt from the first, by leading public men. Washington, in his message to the first Congress, convened January, 1790, presented the subject for their earliest consideration; and when, seven years after, owing to the pressure of other matters, nothing had been done, in one of his last messages he thus urged it again:"' IIts desirableness has so constantly increased with every new view that I have taken of the subject, that I cannot omit the opportunity of, once for all, recalling your attention to it.' The advantages of such an institution he states thus:'The assimilation of the principles, opinions, and manners of our countrymen, by the common education of a portion of our youth from every quarter.''The more homogeneous our citizens can be made in these particulars, the greater will be the prospect of permanent union.' In his last will and testament he made the following bequest:'I give the 50 shares which I hold in the Potomac Company, towards the endowment of a university, to be established within the limits of the District of Columbia, under the auspices of the General Government, if that Government should incline to extend a fostering hand towards it.' Even Mr. Jefferson, in his message of December 2d, 1806, urges upon Congress'the present consideration' of this subject. Mr. Madison yet more strongly and repeatedly urged the establishment of such an institution. In his message of December 5th, 1810, he asked the attention of Congress' to the advantages of super 508 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. adding to the means of education provided by the several States, a seminary of learning, instituted by the National Legislature, within the limits of their exclusive jurisdiction, the expense of which might be defrayed or reimbursed out of the vacant grounds which have accrued to the nation within those limits.' " In urging his views of the advantages to be derived from such an institution, Mr. Mladison presents the same reasons which influenced the mind of Washington:'Such an institution, though local in its legal character, would be universal in its beneficial effects. By enlightening the opinions, by expanding the patriotism, and by assimilating the principles, the sentiments, and the manners of those who might resort to this temple of science, to be redistributed in due time through every part of the community, sources of jealousy and prejudice would be diminished, the features of national character would be multiplied, and greater extent given to social harmony. But, above all, a well-constituted seminary in the centre of the nation is recommended by the consideration, that the additional instruction emanating firom it would contribute not less to strengthen the foundations than to adorn the structure of our free and happy system of government.' Again, on the close of the war, in his message of December 5th, 1815, he thus returns to his urgent recomlmendation:'The present is a favorable season also for bringing again into view the establishment of a national seminary of learning within the District of Columbia, and with means drawn from the property therein subject to the authority of the General Government. Such an institution claims the patronage of Congress, as a monument of their solicitude for the advancement of knowledge, without which the blessings of liberty cannot be fully enjoyed or long preserved; as a model, instructive in the formation of other seminaries; as a nursery of enlightened preceptors; and as a central resort of youth and genius from every part of their country, diffusing, on their return, examples of those national feelings, those liberal sentiments, and those congenial manners, which contribute cement to our Union, and strength to the great political fabric of which that is the foundation.' " Washington's legacy, however, was left unappropriated. Jefferson, after his presidency, accomplished for his State, in the University of Virginia, what he despaired of for the nation; and, since Madison's day, private enterprise has been left to meet a want, which public patronage could not attempt of itself, though it has fostered it. " The Columbian College was founded by private benefactions, which, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 509 in all, have amounted to about $150,000. At its opening, in 1821, Mr. Monroe, then President of the United States, made the following favorable mention of it:"'There is good reason to believe, that the hopes of those who have so patriotically contributed to advance it to its present stage, will not be disappointed. Its commencement will be under circumstances very favorable to its success. Its position, on the high ground north of the city, is remarkably healthy. The act of incorporation is well digested, looks to the proper objects, and grants the powers well adapted to their attainment. The establishment of the institution within the Federal District, in the presence of Congress, and of all the departments of the Government, will secure to the young men who may be educated in it many important advantages; amuong which, the opportunity which it will afford them of hearing the debates in Congress and in the Supreme Court, on important subjects, must be obvious to all. With these peculiar advantages, this institution, if it receives hereafter the proper encouragement, ccannot fai7 to ue eminently useful to the qnation. Under this impression, I trust that such encouragement will not be withheld from it.' "Rev. Dr. Staughton, of Philadelphia, was its first president, from 1821 to 1827; its second president was Rev. Dr. Chapin, of Maine, from 1828 to 1841; its third, Rev. Dr. Bacon, of Mlassachusetts, from 1843 to 1854; and its fourth, Rev. Dr. Binney, from 1855 to 1858. "Among its professors have been enrolled the names of some of the most eminent in the several departments of instruction. "THE PREPARATORY SCHOOL is specially flourishing under its present efficient preceptor. " THE NATIONAL MEDICAL COLLEGE, which is a branch of Columbian College, has a corps of several able professors, and a large body of students. "The peculiar facilities of this location are continually improving. Washington has become a centre, to which the talent of the country in every department is tending. Suitable instructors in every branch of education can therefore be secured; and the men now engaged are a sufficient guarantee that the trustees can and will obtain the first order of talent for the different professorships. The students are, on special occasions, allowed to attend the sittings of Congress, and of the Supreme Court, and the lectures at the Smithsonian Institution; they may thus have the advantage of listening to the ablest speeches of our country, in both the legislative and judicial branches of the Government. To 510 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. secure the utmost benefit, without detriment to the regular studies, all such attendance has the special attention of the Professor of Rhetoric. In addition to the library of the College and of the Societies, the cabinets and the libraries of the Capitol, of the Patent Office, and of the Smithsonian and other institutions will, under the appropriate officers of instruction, be rendered serviceable to the general student.' There is a proposition now before the Board of Trustees for the removal of the College into the city. Should this be adopted, it will bring students more immnediately within reach of the facilities which the city affords for a liberal culture. It will also give an opportunity for students from different sections of the country to board among friends; and enable indigent students to aid themselves by labor in almost any business pursuit. It is also believed that the moral and religious influences of the family will be better even than those of the luore retired life spent in college halls. "The College library was commenced in 1821, and is specially valuable in the department of theology. Immediate measures will be taken greatly to enlarge it." ENOSINIAN SOCIETY (COLUMBIAN COLLEGE). (1857.) 1243 vols. Founded in 1822. Receipts during 1856, $40; expended for books, 835; binding, $3; incidentals, $2. During 1856, 900 volumes were lent to 70 persons. PHILOPHRENIAN SOCIETY (COLUMBIAN COLLEGE). (1857.) 313 vols. Founded in 1855. During 1856, $150 were expended for books. The library is open one hour every Wednesday. During 1856, 600 volumes were lent to 32 persons. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. (1855.) 14,000 vols. Founded in 1789. Persons permitted by the Secretary of State, Assistant Secretary, or Chief Clerk, can use the library. The volumes are arranged by subjects. The library is open daily, from 9 A.M. till 3 P.M. During 1854, 450 volumes were lent to 40 persons. 12,600 volumes are in English, 1100 French, and 300 in other languages. There are about 700 pamphlets, 7 volumes of manuscripts, and 100 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 511 maps. 12 American and 8 foreign magazines are takeP; and 15 American and 14 foreign newspapers. The library is in the building of the Department, and occupies two rooms. The larger is 36 feet long, 15 feet 9 inches wide, and 14 high, divided on one side into 7 alcoves. The smaller room is 17 feet by 15 feet 9 inches. A catalogue was printed in 1825 (small 8vo. 67 pages), and another in 1830 (small 8vo. 150 pages). COPYRIGHT LIBRARY (DEPARTMENT OF STATE). (1856.) 12,000 vols. Founded February 3, 1831. The library consists of 36,000 articles, including maps, music, &c. The books are kept for reference and evidence of copyright, and are not lent. By Act of Congress of February 5th, 1859, this library is to be transferred to the Department of the Interior, in the Patent Office Building. ENGINEER DEPARTMENT. (1850.) 1700 vols. The library contains Congressional documents, of which the sets are nearly complete since 1805, many manuscript official reports, and a large number of maps and charts relating to the defences of the country. The yearly average increase is about 50 volumes. Books are purchased out of the contingent fund of the Department, annually granted by Congress. The library is in the office of the Chief Engineer, Winder's Building, and is open every day, from 9 A.M. to 3 P.M. Books are lent to the officers of the Department, the clerks, and to other persons by courtesy. The assistant to the Chief Engineer is ex officio librarian. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. (1858.) 63,000 vols. "The purchase of books for the Library of Congress was commenced under the Act of Congress of April 24th, 1800, which made an appropriation of $5000 for that purpose, to be expended by the Secretary of the Senate, and the Clerk of the House of Representatives, under the direction of a joint committee of both houses. By an act of January 26, 1802, the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, for the time being, were authorized to establish such regulations and restrictions in relation to the use of the library, as they might deem proper; and, from time to time, to alter or amend the same. By the same act, the President of the United States was autho 512 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. rized to appoint a librarian to take charge of the library. The collection, amounting to about 3000 volumes of rare and valuable books, was consumed in the Capitol, when it was burned by the British army, on the 24th of August, 1814. " In view of the loss of this library, Mr. Jefferson offered his own private collection to Congress for purchase; and on the 21st of October, 1814, the Committee on the Library was authorized to purchase the library of Mr. Jefferson for Congress, and having agreed upon the terms, on the 31st of January, 1815, an appropriation of $23,950 was made for that purpose. The books were transferred to the Capitol, and formed the foundation of a new library. " On the 24th of December, 1851, the library, numbering 55,000 volumes, was again partially destroyed by fire, accidentally communicated from a defective flue in the adjoining masonry. Of the whole number, 20,000 volumes were saved, among which is the greater portion of the library of Mr. Jefferson. "Temporary accommodations were immediately prepared, and $10,000 appropriated for a commencement of the restoration of the books destroyed. By an act of March 19th, 1852, an appropriation of $72,500 was made for the repair of the library room, according to a plan made by Mr. T. U. Walter, the United States architect, which was speedily executed; and the present beautiful room, constructed entirely of iron, was completed and furnished, ready for occupation, on the Ist of July, 1853. An appropriation of $75,000 was made on the 31st of August, 1852, to meet the expense of the extraordinary purchase of books necessary to restore the library to its former state. An annual appropriation is made of $5000 for the purchase of miscellaneous books, and $2000 for law books. "The library now (January 1st, 1859) numbers 63,000 volumes. The books are carefully selected from the best bibliographical and literary authorities, under the superintendence of the Joint Committee on the Library. The Law Department occupies a separate room in the basement of the Capitol. The purchase of law books is directed by the Judges of the Supreme Court, in accordance with an act of Congress of July 14th, 1832. The law library contains 12,300 volumes. " The use of the library is limited, by act of Congress, to the President of the United States, Vice-President, members of the Senate and House of Representatives, Judges of the Supreme Court, Cabinet officers, the Diplomatic corps, the Secretary of the Senate, the Clerk of the DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 513 House of Representatives, and the agent of the Joint Committee on the Library. "According to the regulations established by the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives, the library is kept open every week-day during the sessions of Congress, from 9 o'clock A.M. to 3 P.M., and for the same hours on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, of each week, during the recess. "The library is general in selection, but is more particularly full upon the subjects of politics and law, international and civil. The books are classified, in their arrangement on the shelves of the library, according to the system of Lord Bacon. The printed catalogue is, also, classified into 44 divisions, according to the same system; and the titles in each division are arranged under the names of the authors, in alphabetical order. A complete and critical catalogue is now in course of preparation, and nearly ready for the press." LIBRARY OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. This library is a part of the Clerk's Office, of the I-ouse of Representatives, having never had any independent organization. The librarian is appointed by the Clerk of the House, and the control of the library is with that officer. Its books are almost exclusively of a legislative and executive character, and are for the use of members of the House, to aid them in the investigation of subjects brought before Congress. They are subject to their order, but are not to be taken from the city. The old library rooms were cramped, narrow, and entirely unfitted for the purpose; but the Capitol building is, at present, in the process of extension, and will afford in future better accommodations. The number of volumes, including duplicates, is about 50,000. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR THE PROMOTION OF SCIENCE. (1857.) 5000 vols. Founded in May, 1840, and incorporated by act of Congress, approved 27th of July, 1842. The library contains three manuscripts, viz., two Arabic, and one illuminated Latin. There are also considerable collections of maps, charts, and engravings. In the cabinet are many medals, coins, &c. The library has been formed entirely 33 514 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. by donation. It is, of course, quite miscellaneous; but it contains many valuable scientific and historical works, and transactions of learned societies. ilany useful and costly books have been presented to the Institute by foreign societies. The library occupies, temporarily, cases in the halls or passages of the United States Patent Office. There is no printed catalogue, but one in manuscript. No rules have been adopted respecting the use of the library. MSiembers of the Institute are entitled to visit the library, and there consult books as they wish; but they cannot take them away. NATIONAL OBSERVATORY. (1855.) ].000 vols. ~Founded in 1842. The library is only for reference by the oicers of the Observatory, and contains a working collection of books on astronomy and meteorology. PATENT OFFICE. (1857.) 8856 vols. The library was founded by Congress in 1837, after the desti'uctioni of the Patent Office by fire. It is designed for the use of the examiners of the office, applicants for patents, and their agents. The library is especially scientific in its character; it contains a valuable collection of works on chemistry, agriculture, technology; comlplete series of many valuable scientific periodicals, and the best encyclopmdias-English, French, and German. It is open from 9. AM.T5. to 3 P.mI. 5086 volumes are in English, 1855 in French, 1876 in German, 4 Spanish, 17 Latin, 2 Greek, 13 Italian, 3 Dutch. A catalogue, 34 pages Svo., was printed in 1847; and a new one is in preparation. It will be arranged alphabetically by authors' names, and accompanied by an alphabetical and a classified index of subjects. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. (1858.) 25,000 vols. James Smithson, the founder of the Institution which bears his name and is intended to perpetuate his memory, was a native of England. In his will he states that he was the son of Hugh, first Duke of Northumberland, and Elizabeth, heiress of the Hungerfords, of Audley, and niece of Charles the Proud, Duke of Somerset. He was educated at Oxford, where he took an honorary degree in 1786. He was known by the name of James Lewis Macie until a few years after he had left the University, when he took that of Smnithson, the family name of the INorthumber DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 515 lands. He does not appear to have had any fixed home in England, but travelled mluch on the continent, occasionally staying a year or two in Paris, Berlin, Florence, &c. He died at Genoa, in 1828, at an advanced age. He is said by Sir Davies Gilbert, President of the Royal Society, to have rivalled the most expert chemists of his day in minute analysis. He proposed, at one time, to leave his money to the Royal Society of London, for the promotion of science, but on account of a misunderstanding with the council of the Society, he changed his mind, and left it to his nephew; and, in case of the death of this relative, to the United States of America, to found the Institution which now bears his name. The whole amount of money received from the bequest was }515,169; and, besides this, $25,000 was left in England as the principal of an annuity to the mother of the nephew of Smithson. This sum will also come to the Institution. The Government of the United States accepted the bequest; or, in other words, accepted the office of trustee. At the time of the passing of the act establishing the Institution, in 1846, the sumn of 8242,000 had accrued in interest, and this the regents were authorized to expend on a building. But, instead of appropriating this sum immediately to this purpose, they put it at interest, and deferred the completion of the building for several years, until over $100,000 should be accumulated, the income of which might defray the expenses of keeping the building, and the greater portion of the income of the original bequest be devoted to the objects for which it was designed. This policy has been rigidly adhered to; and the result is, that, besides the original sum, and after all that has been devoted to the building, the grounds, and various operations, there is now on hand, of accumulated interest, $125,000, which has been invested in State stocks. The bequest, in the language of the testator, was " to found at Washington an establishment, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." According to this, the Government of the United States is merely a trustee. The bequest is for the benefit of mankind; and any plan which does not recognize this provision of the will would be illiberal and unjust. The Institution must bear and perpetuate the name of its founder, and hence its operations should not be merged in those of the General Government, but all the good which results from the expenditure of the funds is to be accredited to the name of Smithson. It will be observed that the object of the bequest is twofold,-first, to increase, and, second, to difftse, knowledge among men. These two 51 6 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. objects are evidently separate and distinct; and, to view the will understandingly, the one must not be confounded with the other. The first is to enlarge the existing stock of knowledge by the addition of new truths; and the second, to disseminate knowledge thus enlarged amlong men. This distinction is generally acknowledged by men of science, and, in Europe, different classes of scientific and other societies are founded upon it. The will makes no restriction in favor of any particular kind of knowledge, and hence all branches are entitled to a share of attention. Smithson was well aware that knowledge should not be viewed as existing in isolated parts, but as a whole, each portion of which throws light on all the others, and that the tendency of all is to improve the human mind, and to give it new sources of power and enjoyment. A prevalent idea, however, in relation to the will is, that the money was intended exclusively for the diffusion of useful or immediately practical knowledge among the inhabitants of this country; but it contains nothing from which such an inference can be drawn. All knowledge is useful, and the higher the more important. From the enunciation of a single scientific truth may flow a hundred inventions, and the more abstract the truth the more important the deductions. To effect the greatest good, the organization. of the Institution should be such as to produce results which could not be attained by other means; and, inasmuch as the bequest is for men in general, all merely local expenditures are inconsistent with the will. These are the views expressed by the Secretary of the Institution, Professor Henry, in his Annual Reports, and constantly advocated by hinm. They met with opposition, however, and consequently difficulties have been encountered in carrying theml out. It was thought by some that a great library should be founded at Washington, and nearly all the income of the fund expended on it; others considered a mneuseutmn the proper object; and another class thought the income should be devoted to the delivery of lecturo.es throughout the country; while still another was of opinion that popular tracts should be published and distributed amongst the million. But all these views were advanced without a proper examination of the will, or a due consideration of the smallness of the income. The act of Congress directed the formation of a library, a museum, a gallery of art, lectures, and a building on a liberal scale to accommodate these objects. One clause, however, gave the regents the power, after the foregoing objects were provided for, to expend the remainder of the income in any way they might think fit for carrying out the design of the testator. The plan they have adopted is to stimu DISTRiCT OF COLUMBIA. 517 late all persons in this country, capable of advancing knowledge by original research, to labor in this line; to induce them to send their results to the Institution for examination and publication; and to assist all persons engaged in original investigations, as far as its means will allow; also to institute, at the expense and under the direction of the Institution, particular researches. This plan has been found eminently practicable, and, by means of it, the Institution has been enabled to produce results which have made it favorably known in every part of the civilized world. The Library has been well filled by purchase, donation- the copyright law, and exchange. It now contains 40,000 books and other articles, and is rapidly becoming of much value in its special sphere of usefulness. In relation to it, Professor Henry, in one of his Reports, says: "It is the present intention of the Regents to render the Smithsonian library the most extensive and perfect collection of transactions and scientific works in this country, and this it will be enabled to accomplish by means of its exchanges, which will furnish it with all the current journals and publications of societies, while the separate series may be completed in due time, as opportunity and means nmay offer. The Institution has already more complete sets of transactions of learned societies than are to be found in the oldest libraries in the United States, and on this point we speak on the authority of one of the first bibliographers of the day. This plan is in strict accordance with the general policy of the Institution, viz., to spend its funds on objects which cannot as well be accomplished by other means, and has commended itself to those who are able to appreciate its merits, and who are acquainted with the multiplicity of demands made upon the limited income of the Smithsonian fund. In a letter, after a visit to Washington, the bibliographer before alluded to, remarks:' My previous opinions as to the judiciousness of the system pursued by the Smithsonian Institution, in every respect, were more than confirmed. I hope you will not change in the least. Your exchanges will give you the most important of all the modern scientific publications, and the older ones can be added as you find them necessary. The library, I think, should be confined strictly to works of science.' " Besides books,' the library contains engravings, maps, charts, and various articles connected with the art of printing. The collection of For an account of valuable works in the library see the Annual Reports of the Institution. 515 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. engravings and works upon the history of art is believed to be one of the choicest in the country. It was made by an American gentleman, distinguished as a scholar no less than as a statesman, with a special design of illustrating the process and resources of the art of engraving, in all its branches, from its early masters to the present time. This collection contains soime of the best works of nearly every engraver of much celebrity. There is one portfolio of the works of Albert Durer, containing 20 engravings on copper, and two on iron, by his own handand among them most of his best and rarest works; about 60 fine copies on copper, including the famous 17 by Mark Antonio; 13 different portraits of Purer, and a large number of wood-cuts engraved by him, or under his inspection. Another portfolio contains a large collection of the etchings of Rembrandt, including some of his most beautiful pieces, particularly the'Christ Healing the Sick,' an early and fine iumpression. There is a portfolio of 200 engravings and etchings, by Claude Lorraine, Hollar, and Bega; a portfolio of superb portraits by Nanteuil, Wille, Edelink, and others; among them a first impression of' Louis XIV, in armor,' by Nanteuil; a portfolio of prints from the old Italian masters, comprising many that are extremely rare; and another from the old German masters, containing about 100 prints, many of them scarce, and of great beauty. There are, besides, five portfolios of sheet engravings, including very choice prints. Among them are 31, which were valued by Longhi at $1500.' Among the galleries and published collections, are the'Musde Royal,' in 2 volumes folio, proofs before the letter, a superb copy; Denon's' Monumens des Arts du Dessin,' in 4 volumes folio, of which only 250 copies were published; Baillie's Works, 100 plates, folio; Thorwaldsen's Works, 4 volumes, folio; Hogarth's Works, folio, and the German edition in quarto; The Boydell Gallery, 2 volumes, folio; Boydell's'Shakspeare Gallery,' a remarkably good copy, containing many proofs before the letter, numerous etchings, and several progressive plates; Claude's'Liber Veritatis,' an original copy, 3 volumes folio; The Houghton Gallery, 2 volumes, folio; (Chamberlain's Drawings in the Royal Collection, 1 volunme folio; Rembrandt's Drawings, 1 volume, quarto; Da Vinci's Drawings, 1 volume, quarto;'Galerie de Florence;' Angerstein Gallery; Ancient Sculpture, by the Dilettanti Society; Perrault's'Hommes Illustres;' Sadeler's Hermits;'Theuerdank,' a fine copy of the very rare edition of 1519; Meyrick's Armor; Hope's Ancient Costumes, and more than 100 volumes besides, mostly in folio DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 519 or quarto, either composed entirely of valuable engravings, or in which the text is published for the sake of the illustrations of fine or decorative art. The collection of critical and historical works, in the various departments of the fine arts, comprises several hundred volumes of the best works in the English, French, German, and Italian languiages, including whatever is mostly needed by the student of art in all its branches."' The library is open to the public from 9 A.M..to 5 IP.M. daily, except Sunday, but it is principally used by the numerous collaborators of the Institution. The law requiring copyrights to be deposited in the Smithsonian library, having proved a burden rather than a benefit, the Secretary has, for several years, recommended its repeal. This, Congress has lately done, by an act approved 5th February, 1859 which requires that all copyright books and other articles, shall be deposited in the Department of the Interior; and therefore but one copy, instead of three, as formerly, will be exacted of publishers. The MurzsEuM of the Smithsonian Institution, according to Professor Baird, is now in possession of the best collection of the larger North American and European maimnalia, both skins and skeletons, to be found in the United States. In birds, it is only second to the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences; the latter being, without doubt, the most extensive and perfect now extant. Of fishes, the Smithsonian has a greater number than is to be found in any cabinet, except that of Professor Agassiz. It should be understood that the Smithsonian Institution does not enter upon grounds already occupied, and, therefore, it does not desire to collect specimens promiscuously, or those usually found in other museums. Hence the collections of this Institution are not attractive to the general visitorand mere curiosity-seeker; but the student of natural history will here find much that will be sought in vain elsewhere. Duplicate specimens are presented to other collections, and all the objects are open for the study and examination of those engaged in original research. Applications for such facilities are numerous, and are always granted. The preparation of most of the imnportant papers on natural history published within the last few years in this country, has been aided in this way by the Institution. 1 A catalogue of all the transactions, &c., in the library, is in the press, and a complete catalogue of all the books is in course of preparation. 520 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. (1857.) 4256 vols. There are 3786 volumes in English, and 470 in French. The officers and employees of the Treasury Department are entitled to the use of the library. WAR DEPARTMENT. (1857.) S000 vols. The library was founded in 1832, when Lewis Cass was Secretary of War. It contains all the government medals (50 or 60 in number), and is well supplied with maps and charts. About $2000 has for the last ten years been the average annual expenditure for the purchase of books. The library occupies a room in the War Department 50 by 18 feet, handsomely furnished. It is open every day, excepting Sunday, froIm 9 to 3 o'clock. The heads of departments and bureaus officers of the army and navy, foreign ministers, and the clerks of the War Department, are entitled to the use of the books, and are allowed to take them fronm the library. UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY. (1857.) 3017 vols. Organized in 1832. The library attached to the Coast Survey Office is contained in a fire-proof building, in which are also deposited the archives of that important national work, consisting of the original records of the observations made in the field and on the water, and the computations connected therewith, as also the original topographical and hydrographic sheets, and other material collected in the progress of these labors. The library being essentially for the use of the employees of the Survey, and for reference by the several divisions of the office, has been limited to printed matter of a special character; to publications on geology, astronomy, navigation, map-drawing, engraving, and the mathematical and physical sciences bearing more or less directly on these branches of knowledge. The collection was commenced about the year 1832, when the survey of the coast was taken up anew by the late superintendent, Mr. Hassler, after some prior attempts at organization. The number of volumes in 1857 was 3017, exclusive of maps and charts presented to the office at various times by foreign governments; and the average annual number DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 521 of volumes added by purchase and presentation has been 224 during the past six years. Many valuable contributions have been made of the proceedings of scientific societies, and the annals of astronomical observatories. The average annual amount expended since 1851 for books has been $665; and the average number of volumes taken out yearly has been 373. WASHINGTON LIBRARY. (1858.) 13,000 vols. "In the year 1811, an association of public-spirited individuals formed the' Washington Library.' On the 18th of April, 1814, Congress passed an act incorporating them and their successors, by the name of'The Directors of the Washington Library Company;' and afterward, by a joint resolution of the 3d of March, 1823, granted to them a copy of the Laws of the United States, the Journals of Congress, documents and State papers then published, and such as should be published annually thereafter by authority of Congress. The charter intrusts the management of the library to seven directors, elected by the shareholders on the first Monday of April in each year. The price of shares was originally $12 dollars, and the holders of them were subject to an annual contribution of $3. The directors subsequently reduced the price of shares to $6, and granted the use of the library to persons contributing the yearly sum of $3, but not purchasing shares. The sales of shares, the yearly payment by shareholders, and the periodical contributions, have hitherto constituted the only fund for purchasing books and defraying the necessary expenses of the library. No compensation whatever has been paid for any services, except a small pittance to a librarian, for taking care of the books and keeping the library open to visitors for a few hours after 3 o'clock in the afternoon of each day. The large compensation requisite for obtaining the services of a competent librarian during the whole day, would have encroached so far on the scanty revenue of the Company as to prevent new purchases of books. The successive Boards of Directors, though fully aware of the importance of keeping the library open during the whole of each day, very properly regarded regular and constant additions to the library as a paramount object. By a steady adherence to this policy, they have succeeded in accumulating, during a period of nearly half a century, a collection of more than 6000 volumes, exclusive of a recent donation, by Dr. J. C. Hall, of the entire collection of the late Rev. Dr. Laurie, containing 522 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. about 1000 volumes, principally theological, and partly miscellaneous. Among the books in the library are many standard works in the various departments, and the most popular and approved compositions in light literature. Most of the books were bought with funds arising from sales of shares and from contributions, and some were donations. Several of these thus generously given are, it should be mentioned, rare and costly productions in the fine arts. The books added by the liberality of Congress, under the joint resolution of 1823, together with the standard works on political subjects, obtained by purchase, render the political branch of the Library more full, it is believed, than the same branch in any other public library in our country. A similar approach to comlpleteness in the department of theology has been recently made by the donation, already mentioned, of Dr. Laurie's collection. <" The directors were enabled, many years ago, to provide a permanent and convenient' depository for the books which they had accumulated. The Company owns a library building and lot of ground on Eleventh Street, near Pennsylvania Avenue, one of the most central and iimproving parts of the city. The directors have recently enlarged and improved the accommodations of the library building, have added to the variety and value of the collection, and have engaged the services of a librarian, who will keep the library open to the public during the whole of every day, except Sunday, and for a reasonable time at night. They already receive many of the principal periodicals, foreign and domestic." In 1858, 1380 volumes and 269 pamphlets were added to the library, 744 volumes were lent to readers, and $268 85 were expended for new books. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1858.) 2500 vols. The first meeting preliminary to forming this Association, was held on the 9th of June, 18352 the constitution was adopted on the 29th of June, and the first officers elected July 9th, 1852. During the first six months, the number of members increased to 244 nominally; some of whom, however, failed to pay their initiation fee. From 1852 to 1854, there were 486 annual, and 29 life members; in 1854, 307 annual, 39 life members; in 1855, 191 annual, 59 life members; in 1856, 150 annual, 69 life members; in 1857, 179 annual, 85 life members; in 1858, 213 annual, 93 life members. In 1854-5, the annual dues were increased from $1 to $2. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIIA. 523 At the time of the formation of the Association, there was no popular or general library or reading-room in the city, open in the evening. It had long been felt that an establishment of this kind was needed; and in carrying out the plans of the Association, it was important to provide a suitable place for young men and others to spend their evenings in, without resorting to the haunts of vice and dissipation. Rooms were therefore secured, and, after various changes, the Association has succeeded in procuring the central and commodious apartments it now occupies on Pennsylvania Avenue, opposite the National and Brown's Hotels. These rooms are leased for five years, fitted up handsomely and comfortably, and are equal to those of any similar Association in the country. Up to January 1, 1854, 1040 volumes had been procured for the library; in 1854, there were 1473; in 1855, 1500; in 1856, 1700; in 1857, 2000; in 1858, 2500. From 1852 to 1858, inclusive, $781 07 were expended for books and periodicals. During the year 1854, 822 books were read, of the following classes: religious, 203; biography, 102; travels, 107; history, 116; scientific, 27; poetry, 11; magazines and reviews, 37; documents, 5; miscellaneous, 214. Irving's works were most called for; then Strickland's Queens of England, and Prescott's works. The religious book most read, was Pearson on Infidelity. The most prominent feature of the operations of the Association, is its Mission Sunday-schools. The first of these was established in October, 1854; and there have been three others since organized, in different parts of the city; and all doing an incalculable amount of good. During the six years of the existence of the Association, the most perfect harmony and union have prevailed, and though at one time it suffered from temporary financial embarrassment, it has always received the devoted labors of its active members, and the support and confidence of the Christian community. Its labors in the Mission schools, distribution of tracts, visiting the sick, those in prison, the asylum, &c.; its open air preaching services; its excellent library and reading-room, open freely to all, have entitled it to the regard of those who desire the promotion of true religion, and the welfare of the community. The following is a brief synopsis of the working features of the Association: Its officers are, a president, five vice-presidents, corresponding and recording secretaries, librarian, register, and treasurer, who, with five 524 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. others elected as directors, constitute the governing body, meeting monthly and dividing the work between them. Each member of the Board is the chairman of a committee of five, whom he selects from members of the Association, and he is also assigned a distinct portion of the city for active benevolent operations. The following are the committees: 1. Lectures and Sermons; 2. Meetings; 3. Ways and Means; 4. Library; 5. Statistics; 6. Rooms; 7. Periodicals; 8. Printing and Publication; 9. Bible Classes; 10. Mission Sunday-schools; 11. Visiting the Sick; 12. The City Prison; 13. The Asylum; 14. Employment; 15. Boarding-Houses. KANSAS. The act of organization provided $5000 for a territorial library. Congress also appropriated $5000 for this purpose, in March, 1855. NE B R AS KA. The act of organization provided 85000 for the Territorial library, and Act of. March 3, 1855, appropriated 85000 also for this purpose. NEW MEXICO. Congress appropriated, in the Act organizing the Territory of New Mexico, $5000 for a library. OREGONO. ALBANY. ALBANY LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Incorporated January 13, 1857. J. P. Tate, Joel Shepherd, John - Constituted a STATE in February, 1S559. 526 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. H. Hackleman, Thomas Strang, Walter Monteith, and others, were incorporated as an Association, with the above title. The yearly income is limited, by the Act, to $5000. SALEM1. TERRITORIAL LIBRARY. (1857.) 160 vols. The act of organization provided an appropriation of $5000 for a library. $500 worth of books were purchased in 1857; but had not arrived when the report was sent. On the 29th of December, 1855, the capitol building at Salem, with the Territorial Library, &c., was destroyed by fire. THE GROlVE. PACIFIC UNIVERSITY. (1855.) 987 vols. The library is open one hour twice a week. 900 volumes are in English, 20 French, 1 Spanish, 12 other modern languages, 25 Latin, 30 Greek, and I Hebrew. The library fund yields $100 per annum. UTAH. $5000 were appropriated for the library of the Territory by the act of organization. W A SHIN G T O N. OLYMP IA. TERRITORIAL LIBRARY. (1.856.) 2852 vols. During the year 1854, 400 volumes were added to the library. A TERRITORIES. 527 catalogue of the books was printed in the report of the librarian (Acts and Journals, Washington Territory, 1854, p. 151). In the organic act, $5000 were appropriated for the purchase of a' library, to be expended by the Governor. By act of the Legislative Assembly, the librarian is annually to be elected by that body, and to give bonds in $1000. His salary is $300. During the sessions of the Assembly and the Supreme Court, the library is open fromn 9 to 12 A.M., and fronm 2 till 9 P.M., and at other times during orclinary business hours. BRITISH AMERICA. C A N A D A.1 BELLEVILLE. BELLEVILLE SEMINARY.'"This institution is under the direction of the Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is designed for the instruction of both sexes. Buildings have recently been erected in the town of Belleville, for the accommodation of about 400 pupils, and arrangements are now in progress for the formal opening of the Seminary." COBOURG. UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA COLLEGE. " The existence of this College is due to the efforts of the Conference of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. During the years 1828-9, plans were devised for the establishment of an academy for the superior education of both sexes; and, in 1830, the Conference appointed a committee to collect subscriptions, and select a site for the proposed institution, which they then named'Upper Canada Academy.' After offers of donations of land and money from various parts of the province, the town of Cobourg was selected, for the liberality of its offer and central position. Upwards of ~7000 were collected; and, in the autumn of 1832, the buildings were commenced. Various circumstances, however, delayed the completion of the work; and it was not until the 18th of June, 1836, that the Academy was formally opened. On the 12th of October 1 For the information here given relative to Canadian Colleges, &c., we are chiefly indebted to Mr. Thos. Hodgins's Canada Educational Directory for 1857-8. CANADA. 529 of the same year, a royal charter of incorporation was obtained; and also, about the same time, a public grant, principally through the exertions of the chief originator of the College,' the Rev. Egerton Ryerson, D.D. In 1841, application was made to Parliament for an alteration in the Constitution of the Academy, and its establishment as a University; and accordingly the Act 4 & 5 Victoria, cap. 37, was passed, conferring the usual university powers upon its authorities, under the title of'Vic*toria College, at Cobourg.' Under this act, the management of the College is intrusted to a board, composed of nine trustees and five visitors, appointed by the Conference; and to a senate, composed of the president, professors, members of the board, and certain officers of government, for the time being. The Faculty of Arts has been in operation since 1842. In 1854, an arrangement was made with the Toronto School of Medicine, by which that institution became the Faculty of Medicine of the University. The preparatory department sustains to the College the relation of a grammar or high school, and is designed to qualify pupils for the University course, or to give them an elementary training." KINGSTON. REGIOPOLIS COLLEGE. "The establishment of this College is due to the late Roman Catholic Bishop McDonell, by whom it was first endowed, in 1835, with a grant of nearly four acres within the limits of the City of Kingston, and afterwards by a legacy of real and personal estate. In 1837, it was incorporated by the Act 7 William IV, cap. 56, under the title of' The College of Regiopolis;' and in 1845, the trustees under the will were authorized by the Act 8 Victoria, cap. 79, to convey the legacy to the corporation, and the latter authorized to hold real property to the value of ~3000 currency per annum, subject to the following provision:'It shall be incumbent on the said College to submit annually to each of the three branchesof the Legislature, if so required, a'detailed state — ment of the real property held by them under this Act, and of the annual revenue arising therefrom.' "Very Rev. Angus McDonell, President. Rev. J. O'Brien, B.A.; H. Burns, Isaac McCarthy, and Michael Stafford, Professors. 34 a 3 0 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. UTNIVERSITY OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE. "Queen's College was established by the Synod of the Presbyterian Church of Canada, in connection with the Church of Scotland, and was originally incorporated by an Act of Parliament of Upper Canada, 3 Victoria, cap. 35, as the University at Kingston. This Act, however, was disallowed, and a royal charter granted the following year, bearing date 10th October, 1841, and conferring the title of'Queen's. College at Kingston,' with power to confer degrees in the several arts and faeulties. No religious test or qualification is required of persons matriculated, or admitted to a degree,'save only that all persons admitted within the said College to any degree in Divinity, shall make the same declarations and subscriptions as are required of persons admitted to any degree in Divinity in the University of Edinburgh.' The management of the institution is intrusted to 27 trustees, 12 clergymen and 15 laymen, appointed by the Synod of the Church; and to a College Senate composed of the Principal and Professors for the time being. In 1846, the property originally vested in the corporation created by the disallowed Act of 1840, was transferred to the corporation of Queen's College, by the Act of 9 Victoria, cap. 89. The institution is supported by income from endowment, a grant from the Legislature, subscriptions, and assistance from church funds. By the charter, its incomne may be ~15,000 sterling per annum. LENNOXVILLE. UNIVERSITY OF BISHOP'S COLLEGE. (1856.) 2500 vols. "This University had its origin in the pressing want of a theological school for educating candidates for the ministry of the United Church of England and Ireland, in Lower Canada. But it having appeared that to educate them thoroughly there was need of a large amount of means, it was determined to push the effort a little further, and to erect and endow a place of general education. Accordingly, in 1843, measures were adopted, and an act of incorporation obtained (7 Victoria, cap. 49),1 for carrying these objects into effect; and in September, 1845, i On the appointment of the Bishop of Montreal, this Act was amended by the 16 Victoria, cap. 60. CANADA. 531 the College was opened in temporary buildings obtained for that purpose, until the completion of its own; to which it was transferred in October of the following year. In 1853, the College became a University by a royal charter, and was empowered to confer degrees' in the several arts, and the faculties of Divinity, Law, and Medicine;' and held its first public meeting of Convocation for that purpose, on the 7th of October, 1854. " By the charter, it is provided that the Chancellor, Vice-chancellor, Principal, and Professors of the said College, and all persons admitted therein to the degree of Master of Arts, or to any degree in Divinity, Law, or 3ledicine, who shall pay the sum of 20s. a year towards the support of the College, shall be members of the Convocation of the said University, and as such shall possess all the powers and privileges in regard to conferring degrees, and other matters, as are provided by the regulations of said College.' These powers are, to elect the chancellor and vice-chancellor; confer all degrees, and prescribe the subjects and standard of examination therefor; appoint, on recommendation of the College Council, examiners (who shall be M.A.s), to act with the Professors of the College, so that each subject shall come under the notice of at least two examiners; and to do such other acts as are consistent with the law, the charter, and the regulations of the College. r" The religious tests and exercises prescribed by the regulations are, that all members of the College shall attend'morning and evening service each week-day, in the College chapel, and on Sunday, in St. George's Church, Lennoxville; but such students as are not members of the Church of England, are not required to attend this latter service, but the service of the church to which their parents or guardians belong. There is no test specified as necessary on taking a degree. " The endowment of the University is derived from private sources and donations from the Societies for Promoting Christian Knowledge, and for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts." 1MIONTREAL. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.)'700 vols. This Association was formed in November, 1851. Owing to numerous removals of members, its growth has not been great. The Associa 532 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. tion issues occasional " Papers for Young Men." Four have been issued, of 1500 copies each. The Association possesses a library of nearly 700 volumes. A number of the books are lent free to the poor, and to the inmates of the hospital and jail. The committee have a " mind to work," and seek to avail themselves of every opportunity for practical usefulness. "' The chief design of the Association is to bring under Christian influence the young men who reside in our city, or who come to it as strangers. But, in order to draw out the activities of the young men of the Association, and to train them to Christian effort as openings present themselves, we commenced, in 1853, a city mission. This work has been remarkably successful. The Christian community readily contributed to aid in supporting it, but the young men are the most liberal supporters of the work. In the summer of 1857 we engaged a second missionary, and the work has so much increased that we need a third. Our missionary effort has provoked others; and there are now, in addition to our own, several other missionaries in the city. "Prayer meetings are held among the poor, and on vessels in the harbor, chiefly conducted by the missionaries, but aided by the members and others. As many as 16 such meetings have been held during one week. They have an attendance varying from 10 to 80 or 90. " The general influence of the Association is good, and it enjoys the favor of the Christian public generally." NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Though local in name, it is provincial in character. It was founded in 1827, and incorporated by Act of Parliament in 1833, and is designed to promote the study of the natural history of British North America. The meetings of the Society are held monthly; and a short course of popular lectures is delivered between February and April of each year. Subscription, ~1 per annum. UNIVERSITY OF McGILL COLLEGE. (1857.) 3800 vols. "The existence of the University of McGill College is due to the late Mr. James McGiil, a merchant of Montreal, who by trade had amassed an ample fortune, and left behind him this earnest of his benevolent and generous character. He died in 1813, leaving a will, by which he be CANADA. 533 queathed in trust to the Royal Institution for the Advancenment of Learning, his estate of' Burnside,' consisting of some 46 acres of land in the immediate neighborhood of the City of Montreal, and now within its limits, and also the sum of ~10,000 in money, as a foundation for a University. The bequest was accompanied with the condition that the University should be erected within ten years frorm his death; and, with a natural desire of associating his memory with the institution founded by his liberality, he enjoined that one of the Colleges should bear his own name of McGill. The will, however, in so far as the legacy was concerned, was contested by his residuary legatees, and an obstinate and protracted litigation of some 16 years was interposed between the benevolence of the founder and the benefit which the foundation was designed to confer. At length, however, in 1829, the estate of Burnside was recovered from the residuary legatees; and, in 1835, judgment was rendered against theml by the Privy Council for the legacy of ~10,000, with the interest, amounting to ~22,000. The condition of the bequest, that the University should be erected within 10 years, had been previously complied with, by obtaining the grant of a royal charter for that purpose, in 1821. T'he next step -towards giving to the University a practical operation, was the establishment of the medical faculty in 1829, which, with the interruption of only two years, has ever since continued in active operation. In 1835, the Pev. Dr. Bethune was appointed Principal of the University, and, after some unsuccessful efforts to obtain a change of the very imperfect Constitution established by the charter, and the consumption of much time from misunderstandings between the Governors of the University under that charter, and the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning, which held all the funds, it was at length agreed upon, that buildings for the uses of the University should be erected; and, accordingly, those now standing on the west side of Sherbrooke Street were commenced in 1839. The sun expended upon them was ~15,000; and, although still in an unfinished state, yet they were sufficiently completed for the reception of students in 1843. In the latter year, statutes were firamed for the government of the College, and a chair of divinity and two professorships in the faculty of arts were established; and, with this addition to the already established faculty of medicine, the College was formally opened on the 7th of September of that year. The institution thus started was not successful. Its condition, at length, attracted attention; and, in 1850, the provincial government was moved by a number of public-spirited 534 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. gentlemen to aid in an endeavor to place it on a better footing. As a strong antagonism had always existed between the Royal Institution and the majority of the Governors of the College, upon subjects essentially affecting its conduct and prosperity, it was deemed advisable, as a first step, to reconstruct the former corporation. New appointments were therefore made to the Royal Institution of persons selected on the score of their interest in the cause of education. Of these, several entered upon the duties of their office with zeal and energy. They drew up an elaborate report on the condition of the University, and the course which they thought should be followed for its amelioration, and their reconmmendations were made the basis of all that has since been done. A draft of a new charter was prepared, which was finally adopted, and executed by her Majesty in 1852; the most prominent and important provision of which is, that the members of the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning are made Governors, ex ot/cio, of the University. 1" The corporation of the University now consists of the Governors, Principal, and Fellows; three of the latter being elected by the Convocation, and act as its representatives in managing the affairs of the University. Under its present government, M cGill College has greatly improved. lan appeal, lately made to the public of Lower Canada for its permanent endowment, has resulted, so far, in the formation of a fund of nearly ~113,000; ~5000 of which was subscribed by the IMessrs. Molson, for the endowment of'The Molson Professorship of History and English Literature.' MCGILL UNIVERSITY SOCIETY.'This Society was first originated on the 7th January, 1857, and finally instituted on the 12th of the following month, and is similar to the Association of the University of Toronto, save that its membership is limited to the graduates of the University, and is dependent on the ballot-vote of two-thirds present at the election. The objects of the Society are declared to be'as well for promoting and maintaining a friendly feeling among the graduates, as for advancing the welfare of their alma mater, and by means of organization to enable them to act with greater weight with reference to any measures of reform they may deem desirable in the constitution of the University.' Meetings are held on the first 3Monday in February, August, and November, and the annual meeting on the week-day next before the day CANADA. 535 of the University Commencement. The subscription fees are 10s. on admission, and 10s. per annum." OTTAWA. BYTOWN COLLEGE. " This College was founded by the present Roman Catholic Bishop of Bytown, and was incorporated by Act of Parliament, in 1849. The Corporation consists of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Bytown, and the officers of the College, and may hold property to the value of ~2000 per annum. By the 6th section of the Act 12 Victoria, cap. 107, the corporation is required to lay before Parliament, within fifteen days after the beginning of each session, a detailed statement of its members and property, the number of scholars, and the course of instruction." QUEBEC. LAVAL UNIVERSITY. (1857.) 3700 vols. "In 1663, the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Canada, Frangois de Montmorency-Laval, founded and endowed, with his own patrimony, an institution, which was called the Quebec Seminary. The primary object of this institution was the education of boys who felt an inclination for the priesthood, and such it continued, until 1759. After the conquest of this country by the English, a College, which the Jesuits had held at Quebec since 1645, having been suppressed, the directors of this Seminary, in order to meet the wants and wishes of those boys who were not intended for the priesthood, admitted into their classes all those whose good conduct and talents entitled them to such favor. By this change, the Seminary became a regular college, and had, by successive additions, acquired a high degree of importance, when it was erected, by Her Majesty's royal charter, into a University, under the style and name of'The Laval University.' "By this charter, which bears date December 8th, 1852,- no change was effected in the constitution of the Seminary itself; but a council, composed of the directors of the institution, and the three senior professors of the several faculties, was empowered to possess and enjoy all 536 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. the privileges granted to the universities of the United Kingdom, and especially that of conferring degrees in the faculties of Divinity, Law, Medicine, and Arts. Hiis Grace the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Quebec is, by virtue of his office, Visitor of the University. The Superior of the Seminary for the time being, holds the office of Rector. "Since the granting of the charter, unceasing efforts have been employed to secure its complete execution. In 1853, five professors of the faculty of Medicine were appointed, and one of them was sent to England, France, and Belgium, to purchase a medical library and museum, with a fine collection of surgical instruments. During the following year, the University acquired a great number of books for the faculty of Law, and a collection for the study of Materia Medica. The expense incurred by these objects was about ~3000. At length, in September, 1854, the faculties of Law and Medicine opened their courses, after a solemn inauguration, in which Lord Elgin took part, on the 21st of that month. At the same time, several buildings were commenced for the use of the University, of which a part only is finished, but, when completed, will have involved an outlay exceeding ~50,000." The library of the University contains 3700 volumes; of which 500 are in the Department of Arts, 1200 in the Law Department, and 2000 in that of Medicine. Besides the museum and collections already mentioned, the institution possessess philosophical apparatus, which have cost ~2500, a good collection of minerals, and a well-fitted chemical laboratory. LITERARY AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. "This is the oldest incorporated Society of its kind in. the Province. It was founded and incorporated by royal charter, in 1831, for the prosecution of researches into the early history of Canada; for the recovering, procuring, and publishing of documents and useful information on the national, civil, and literary history of British North America; and for the advancement of the arts and sciences in Canada. The valuable library and museum of the Society-the latter estimated to be worth ~2500-were, unfortunately, nearly destroyed, by the burning of the Parliament buildings in Quebec, on the 1st February, 1854; but the donations of members and others are rapidly providing for their re-formation. A volume of Transactions is published yearly, for the use of members, who now number about 100. Monthly meetings for general purposes, are held on the second Wednesday, and stated meetings for CANADA. 537 literary and scientific purposes, on the first and third Wednesdays of each month, during the year." TORONTO. CANADIAN CONGREGATIONAL THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. "This institution was first organized in 1840, for the education of candidates for the ministry of the Congregational Church. A few students had previously been receiving instruction from the Rev. Adam Lillie, while he was pastor of a church in Dundas. The number increasing, a' Congregational Academy' (as it was then called) was founded, and Mr. Lillie appointed tutor, taking charge of all the classes. In 1843, a similar movement took place in the Lower Province, resulting in the establishment of a' Congregational Theological Institute' in Montreal, of which the Rev. J. J. Caruthers, D.D., was tutor in theology, the Rev. H. Wilkes, A.M., in philosophy, and the Rev. H. Miles (for one year) resident tutor. In 1846, the two were amalgamated, under the name of'The Canadian Congregational Theological Institute,' and located in Toronto. "The Congregational Institute is unendowed, but is supported, in part, by an annual grant from the Colonial Missionary Society, in connection with the Congregational Union of England and W~ales, and partly by annual subscriptions from the churches of that body in the Province. The annual cost is about ~600. The premises occupied by it are held on lease, and are situated on the corner of Adelaide and Francis Streets. The management of its affairs is in the hands of a committee chosen by an annual meeting of the subscribers, held at the same time and place as that of the Congregational Union of Canada." CANADIAN INSTITUTE. " The Canadian Institute originated in 1849, among some members of the engineering and surveying professions, as a strictly professional society. In 1851, it was given a more general character; and, on the 4th of November of that year, a royal charter was obtained, defining the objects of the Institute to be: the promotion of the physical sciences, the encouragement and advancement of the industrial arts and manufactures, the formation of a provincial museum, and the acquisition and 538 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. dissemination of knowledge connected with the surveying, engineering, and architectural professions. In 1855, an amalgamation took place with the' Toronto Athenseum,' a society which had been incorporated in 1848, for the formation of a public library and museum, and other literary purposes. "' The meetings of the Institute are held on every Saturday evening (except during the holidays), between the 1st of December and the 1st of April of each year. The transactions are published in the Canadian Journal, under the editorship of Dr. Wilson, of University College. The number of members is about 600. Subscription, ~1 per annum for residents of Toronto, and 15s. non-residents, entitling members to the use of the library and museum, and to a copy of the Canadian Journal." KNOX'S COLLEGE. "Knox's College was established about 1844, by the Synod of the Free Church of Scotland, and is designed for the training of its theological students.- No fees are charged for tuition, &c." KNOX'S COLLEGE MISSIONARY SOCIETY. "The main object of this Society is to cultivate a missionary spirit among its members. With this view, it holds monthly meetings, at which essays on subjects connected with missionary operations, and the progress of Christianity in general, are read. It has also a literary character, and meets every Friday evening to discuss questions in literature, science, education, history, political economy, &c. It was established in 1846, and has continued to grow in importance and usefulness ever since." LAW SOCIETY OF UPPER CANADA. "In Upper Canada, the profession of the law is divided into two branches, each subject to its own peculiar regulations, and, to a certain extent, independent of the other, though generally the one person practises in both. They are, barristers, or persons authorized to'plead at the bar' of the courts of law or equity, and to take upon them the advising and defence of clients, and from whom all judges, Queen's counsel, and attorneys and solicitors-general are selected; and attorneys and CANADA. 539 solicitors, or persons authorized to'appear in the courts,' in the place and on behalf of others, to prosecute and defend actions on the retainer of clients. The only distinction between these two latter is, that'attorney' is the title adopted in the courts of common law, and' solicitor' the title adopted in the courts of equity. This branch of the profession may be said to have taken its rise about 1285, for, until the statute 13 Edward I, cap. 10, suitors could not appear in court by attorney without the sovereign's special warrant, but were compelled to appear in person, as is still the practice in criminal cases. Formerly, in England, the members of both branches were admitted to practice by the judges of the courts; but, since the Commonwealth, the authority to call to the degree of barrister-at-law has been tacitly relinquished to the benchers of the law societies, and is now considered to be delegated to them fromn the judges of the superior courts; accordingly, on disputed questions, an appeal is held to lie to the judges from the decision of the benchers. In the case of attorneys and solicitors, the judges of England retained exclusive power to admit such to practice, until 1843, when the control of this branch of the profession was confided to its members, as an incorporated law society; and now no attorney can be admitted to practice in England without passing an examination, and complying with the regulations of his society. Each branch of the profession, however, still remains distinct in England, and no person can be admitted to the one whilst he retains his name on the rolls of the other. " In Upper Canada, however, though these branches of the profession have remained nominally distinct, yet there is no restraint on their united practice by the one individual. The right to admit barristers is vested in the Law Society; and the right to admit attorneys and solicitors, in the judges of the superior courts of law and equity. "' The Law Society of Upper Canada was established in 1797, by the Act 37 George III: cap. 13, which enabled the then practitioners of the law to form themselves into a society,'for the purpose of securing to the country and the profession a learned and honorable body, to assist their fellow-subjects as occasion may require, and to support and maintain the Constitution of the Province.' By the same act, the judges of the superior courts were constituted visitors, with authority to sanction such rules as they considered necessary for the good government of the Society. In 1822, the Society was incorporated by the Act 2 George IV, cap. 5, and its functions vested in the treasurer and benchers for the time being, elected according to the By-laws of the Society, much in the 540 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. same mlanner as in the law societies of Great Britain and Ireland. The benchers sit in convocation every law term, for the admission of students and barristers, and for other general business." BMAGNETICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATORY. " The establishment of the British Colonial Observatories originated from a report to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, by Major (now General) Sabine, on the state and progress of researches regarding the geographical distribution of the magnetic forces on the surface of the globe. The report, presented in 1837, was taken into consideration at the meeting of the Association, at Newcastle, in 1838, and a memorial founded on it was addressed to the British Government, by a committee of the Association, consisting of Sir John Herschell, Mr. Whewell, Mr. Peacock, and Professor Lloyd. In their memorial, the committee recommended that a naval expedition should be despatched for conducting a magnetic survey of the higher southern latitudes, aid at the same time called the attention of Her Majesty's ministers to the expediency of extending the researches to be accomplished, by fixed observations to certain stations of prominent interest within the limits of the British colonial possessions. The stations named were Canada and Van Diemen's Land, as approximate to the points of greatest intensity of the magnetic force in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres; St. Helena, as approximate to the point of least intensity on the globe; and the Cape of Good Hope, as a station where the secular changes of the magnetic elements, presented features of peculiar interest. It was also suggested that the observations at the stations should include meteorological, as well as magnetic phenomena. The lRoyal Society having also given their concurrent support to the application of the British Association, these joint recommendations were acceded to by Her Majesty's government, and immediate steps taken for carrying them into effect. " With the approbation of Sir Hussey Vivian, then Master General of the Ordnance, and at the recommendation of the committee, it was determined that the fixed observatories should be placed under the management of the Ordnance Department, and that the service should be performed exclusively by the officers and soldiers of the Royal Artillery. The officers selected were, Lieut. F. Eardley Wilmot, for the Cape of Good Hope; Lieut. (now Lieut.-Col.) Lefroy, for St. Helena; and CANADA. 541 Lieut. Riddell, for Canada. The detachments for the several stations left Englandc in the autumn of 1839. On arrival in Canada, Lieut. Riddell having examined the different localities which were suggested as convenient sites, finally gave the preference to Toronto, where two and a half acres of ground were granted by the Provincial University, with the sole condition that the buildings to be erected should not be appropriated to any other purpose than that of an observatory, and should revert to the University when the observatory should be discontinued. The building was commenced in the spring of 1840, and completed in September of the same year; the observations prior to the latter date having been carried on in a room at the barracks. The Observatory occupied the same site as the present one, which is situated in latitude 430 39' 25" N. and longitude 5h. 17m. 33s. W., and at a height above Lake Ontario of about 108 feet. "In the spring of 1853, the period designed by the Imperial Government for the duration of the Observatory, having expiredcl, and Captain Lefroy and his detachment having been recalled, a memorial was presented to the Governor-General, Lord Elgin, by the Canadian Institute, praying that the observations hitherto carried on by the Royal Artillery, might be continued under the Provincial Government. The petition was granted; by permission of the Board of Ordnance, the non-commissioned officers of Artillery were temporarily retained by the Province; and on the return of Captain Lefroy to England, the directorship of the Observatory was given to J. B. Cherriman, Esq., M.A., Professor of Natural Philosophy in University College, who retained it until August, 1855, when G. T. Kingston, Esq., M.A., was appointed to the joint duties of director of the Observatory, and Professor of Meteorology in University College. The same year, the non-commissioned officers of Artillery, having retired from the army, became permanently'attached to the Observatory. " The old Observatory, erected by the Royal Engineers, built of logs, roughcast, and plastered, was replaced by a stone structure, which was commenced in the autumn of 1853, and completed in June, 1855. The main building, constituting the new Observatory, is a rectangular edifice, about 54 feet from north to south, in the direction of the magnetic meridian, 44 feet from east to west, and 16 feet in height, exclusive of the roof. At the northwest corner, and included in the above horizontal dimensions, is a square tower, 16 feet by 16, and 43 feet in height, which is used for supporting the anemometer. From the 542 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. southern face of the main building and at right angles to it, extends a passage 41 feet wide, which communicates, at its southern extremity, with a room 20 feet by 13, appropriated to the observations for absolute magnetic intensity. On the east and west of the passage, and communicating with it by a second transverse passage, are two small rooms, the former for observing transits, and the latter for observations of absolute declination. The three rooms just mentioned, with their connecting passages, form a cross 72 feet from north to south, 73 feet from east to west, and 8 - feet in height. The extreme length of the whole building is thus 126 feet, and its greatest width 73 feet. The smaller rooms and connecting passages were erected in the autumn of 1853, and were used for temporary offices during the demolition of the old building and the completion of the new one. "In the main building are placed the instruments used for observing the changes in the four magnetic elements. These instruments are as follows:"1. The Declinometer, for measuring the changes in the declination or variation of the magnet. "2. The Inclinometer, for observing the changes in the inclination or dip. " 3. The Bifilar, for observing the changes in the horizontal component of the magnetic force. " 4. Lloyd's Balance Magnetometer, for the changes in the vertical component. " In addition to the above instruments, the indications of which are read seven times each day, there are also magnetic instruments connected with photographic apparatus for recording continuously the changes in the declination, and the horizontal and vertical components of the magnetic force. "The absolute values of the magnetic elements are determined once in each month by a series of observations occupying five consecutive days. The observations for the dip are taken in a detached shed, and those for declination and intensity in the two rooms already mentioned as appropriated for these purposes. " Magnetism is one of the sciences whose progress the Observatory is designed to promote; Meteorology is the other. The meteorological elements recorded are as follows:"! 1. The temperature of the air. " 2. The total atmospheric pressure shown by the barometer. CANADA. 543 " 3. The elastic force of aqueous vapor. " 4. The relative humidity. "5. The temperature of the dew-point. " 6. The direction and velocity of the wind. "C For observations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, the ordinary hours are 6 A.M., 8 A.Mr., 2 P.M., 4 P.M., 10 P.M., and midnight. At these hours a record is also made of the general appearance of the sky, including the form, distribution, and motion of the clouds. Observations for finding the dew-point are made at 3 P.M. The direction and velocity of the wind is recorded not only at the observation hours, but at every hour throughout the year, by Robinson's Anemometer. A register of the maximum and minimum temperatures of the air that occur during each day, and the greatest intensity of solar and terrestrial radiation, is made daily throughout the year. "In addition to the meteorological condition of each day, a record is made of occasional phenomena, such as rain and snow, with its duration and amount, thunderstorms, auroras, and miscellaneous events illustrative of the progress of the seasons. "The regular staff employed in the work of adjusting the instruments, making the magnetic and meteorological observations, and reducing the results, consists, at present, of the director, Professor Kingston, I1 A., and three observers, Messrs. Walker, Menzies, and Stewart, formerly sergeants of the Royal Artillery." ST. MICHAEL'S COLLEGE. "This College was opened in 1852, by the Fathers of the Order of St. Basil, under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, and was incorporated by Act of Parliament in 1854. The corporation consists of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Toronto, and the Superior and Professors of the College, and may hold, property to the value of ~1000 currency per annum." TORONTO LITERARY ASSOCIATION. This Society was instituted on the 7th of July, 1853,'for the cultivation of literature and public speaking.' The members meet in the Mechanics' Institute Hall on Thursday evenings, at 7~ o'clock, once a week during the winter, and once a fortnight during summer, for the 544 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. purpose of hearing an essay read, and of debating on some question appointed at the previous meeting. Every fourth meeting is a public meeting. Annual subscription, 7s. 6d." TORONTO MECHANICS' INSTITUTE. (1857.) 3200 vols. " This Society was established in 1830, and incorporated in 1847, by the Act 10 and 11 Victoria, cap. 102,'for the purpose of forming a library and reading-room, and of organizing a system of instruction by means of lectures and classes.' A valuable course of lectures is given each year." The library contains 3200 volumes. The reading-room is well supplied with Canadian, English, and American periodicals. Subseription, lOs.; entrance fee, 10s. per annum. TORONTO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. "This School was established in 1843, and incorporated in 1851, by the Act 14 and 15 Victoria, cap. 155. In 1853, it was affiliated to the University of Toronto, under the operations of the 18th section of the University Act of that year. In 1854, an arrangement was made with the authorities of Victoria College, by which the lecturers of the School were constituted the Faculty of Medicine in the College; but the separate or corporate existence of the School was not affected thereby. In 1856, the lecturers of the Toronto School of Medicine withdrew from their connection with Victoria College, and continued their School in the same manner as before; and it is now conducted solely as an affiliated Medical School of the University of Toronto." UNITED PRESBYTERIAN DIVINITY HALL, "Was instituted in 1844, by the Synod of that Church, for the theological education of those designed for its ministry." UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. "On the first establishment of the Provincial University, the functions of instruction and of determining the standard of qualifications for University honors and degrees, were combined in the one institution, CANADA. 545 and were so continued under the University-Act of 1849. With a view of adapting the Constitution of the University to a system of affiliated Colleges, the Act 16 Victoria, cap. 89, separated these functions, and established University College as a distinct collegiate institution from the University of Toronto, and under the government of a College Council, composed of the President, Vice-President, and Professors. By the same Act, it is provided, that there shall be taught in the said College such sciences, arts, and branches of knowledge, as the Council may, from time to time, determine, and as may be in accordance with the Statutes of the University of Toronto, respecting the prescribed subjects for examination." UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY.' This Society was established by the members of University College on the 22d of February, 1854, as a College Debating Society. Meetings are held every Friday evening during term, at which an essay is Tread, and a question debated by members previously appointed for that purpose. Every fourth meeting is a public meeting, to which the professors and others are invited. There is also a reading-room in connection with the Society, which is liberally supplied with Canadian and American papers, and the English reviews. The number of members is about 100. Subscription, 5s. per annum." UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO.' The University of Toronto was, established by royal charter, bearing date the 15th of Blarch, 1827, in the seventh year of the reign of his late Majesty, King George IV, under the title of'King's College.' The following year, 3d January, 1828, it was endowed, by patent, with a grant of the lands, which had been set apart for that purpose, by the Crown, in 1798, at the request of the Parliament of Upper Canada. In 1843, the arrangements having been completed for opening the University, the formal inauguration of the institution, and first admission of students, took place on the 8th of June, in that year, and its first convocation on the 14th December, 1844. "Various acts relating to the University, have been passed by the Provincial Parliaments. In 1820, during the fifth session of the seventh Parliament of Upper Canadcla, an Act was passed (60 George 35 546 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. TII, cap. 2), for increasing the Parliamentary representation, which provided,'That whenever a University shall be organized, and in operation as a seminary of learning, in this Province, and in conformity with the rules and statutes of similar institutions in Great Britain, it shall and may be lawful for the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, or person administering the government of the Province for the time being, to declare by proclamation the tract of land appendant to such University, and whereupon the same is situated, to be a town or township, by such name as to hilm shall seem meet; and that such town or township so constituted shall be represented by one member: Provided always, that no person shall be permitted to vote at any such election for a member to represent the said University in Parliament, who, besides the qualification now by law required, shall not also be entitled to vote in the convocation of the said University.' The original charter being restrictive in its character, modifications were sought for; andl, in 1837, the Legislature of Upper Canada amended its provisions by the Act 7 William IV, cap. 16. This Act not being considered sufficiently satisfactory, further modifications were proposed; and, in 1849, the Parliament of Canada, in further compliance with the invitation which had been given by his late Majesty, King Williaml IV,'to consider in what manner the University could be best constituted for the advantage of the whole Society,'-passed the Act 12 Victoria, cap. 82, abolishing the remaining restrictions of the charter, and continuing the University, with enlarged powers of convocation, under the title of the University of Toronto. By this Act, the convocation of the University was declared, as in the original charter, to be composed of all persons admitted to the degree of Master of Arts, and any degree in law or medicine; and was invested with the power of electing the chancellor, pro-vice-chancellor, and a member of the caput of the University, —in addition to its original power of conferring degrees in the several arts and faculties. In 1853, Parliament passed another Act (16 Victoria, cap. 89),'separating the functions of the University from those assigned to it as a College,' and abolishing the professorships of law and medicine, and the rights and privileges of the convocation, which had been guaranteed in the original charter, and continued and enlarged by the Act of 1849. Under this present Act, the University of Toronto is modelled after the University of London, and is governed by a Senate appointed by the Crown. Its functions consist in prescribing courses of study in the faculties of law, medicine, and arts, and such other branches of know CANADA. 547 ledge as may be determined; appointing examiners for ascertaining the proficiency of persons desirous of literary distinction in the appointed subjects of study; and conferring the appropriate academical degrees and honors upon such as attain the required proficiency, and comply with the prescribed regulations. "The officers of the Senate are, a chancellor, appointed by the Crown, and a vice-chancellor, elected by the Senate from amongst its members. There are no professorships in the University, but the following examiners, appointed annually by the Senate: two in Law, eleven in Medicine, and eighteen in Arts, who hold examinations at such times in each year as the Senate may appoint. In addition to academical degrees in the various faculties, the rewards for proficiency are: diplomas, scholarships (conferring a yearly stipend and free tuition in University College), prizes, and certificates of honor. " No fees are charged by this University for matriculation, examination, degree, or diploma. "The library contains a small, but valuable collection of works in the different departments of science and literature. The number of volumes exceeds 7000; and the selection has been made mainly with a view to their practical utility, as books of reference. The library is open every day, except Sundays, from 10 to 3 o'clock. "The museum, which, previous to 1853, was on a very limited scale, has since that time, rapidly increased, and already contains enough to render it highly interesting and attractive. It affords the means of usefully illustrating the lectures on the various departments of Zoology and Botany; and at the same time offers inducements and assistance for the further study of natural history, by exhibiting an extensive series of objects, and especially of the productions of Canada. Several fine specimens of animals have lately been added to the collection. The birds number about 750, which are arranged, so far as space will admit. Additions are being made in the departments of Ichthyology, Entomology, and Conchology, which will greatly increase the interest of the collection; and several packages of plants have been obtained from England and the Southern United States,-especially a fine collection of American mosses. UNIVERSITY OF TRINITY COLLEGE. "Trinity College owes its establishment to the persevering efforts of 548 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. the present Lord Bishop of Toronto, the Right Rev. Dr. Strachan. For a long time it had been insisted that one of the chief objects in obtaining the charter and endowment of the Provincial University was to provide means for educating the clergy of the Episcopal Church; but Parliament, acting on behalf of the people of the province, for whose benefit the University was intended, and in further compliance with the request of the successor of the royal founder, amended the charter, by abolishing the chair of divinity, in 1849. Previous, however, to the opening of the Provincial University, and about two years before the organization of its faculty of divinity, the Bishop established a Diocesan Theological College at Cobourg, for the education of candidates for holy orders, and appointed one of his chaplains to be professor of divinity for his diocese. This arrangement continued during the existence of a similar professorship in the University, and became the means of educating about ninetenths of the clergy who were ordained during the continuance of the two theological schools.; The Aet of 1849, while it abolished the distinctive theological character of the Provincial University, continued its professors. Measures, however, were adopted, in 1850, for the establishment of a denominational College; and an appeal was made by the Bishop to the members of the Church of England in Canada and England. The appeal, made at a time when party spirit ran high on political and constitutional questions, was liberally responded to. In 1851, Parliament incorporated the proposed Church institution, by the Act 14 and 15 Victoria, cap. 32, under the title of'Trinity College;' and on the 15th of January, 1852, the College was formally opened for the admission of students. On the 10th of July of the same year, after correspondence and modification of the original draft, a royal charter was obtained, conferring the usual university powers to grant degrees in divinity, law, medicine, and arts. The corporation created by the Act consists of the Bishop and such persons as he may appoint to be the trustees and council of the College, and may hold property to the value of ~5000 per annum, subject to the provisions that' the corporation shall, at all times, when called upon so to do by the Governor of the Province, render an account, in writing, of their property, setting forth in particular the amount of income, and from what property derived; also the number of members of the corporation, the number of teachers and students, and the course of instruction pursued.' "This University confers no degree whatever unless the candidate CANADA. 549 has previously taken the oath of allegiance and supremacy, and subscribed the following declaration: I, -—, do willingly and heartily declare that I am truly and sincerely a member of the United Church of England and Ireland.' "The institution is liberally endowed by private subscriptions of money and lands, and grants from public bodies." TRINITY COLLEGE LITERARY INSTITUTE. (1857.) 300 vols. "This Society has been established a few years, and is similar in its objects to University College Society. Its news-room is liberally supplied with Canadian and American papers, and English reviews and papers; and its students' library contains about 300 volumes. Meetings are held on every Friday evening during termn." UPPER CANADA COLLEGE. "Upper Canada College was established in the year 1829, by the then Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, Sir John Colborne (now Lord Seaton), as an institution for general education, and which might fitly prepare the way for, and ultimately assist in filling, the Provincial University, then only projected. Having first obtained the concurrence of the College Council to the establishment of a royal grammar school, he submitted to Parliament a plan for its connection with the University; and his proposal having been acceded to, the title of the Royal Grammar School was changed to that of Upper Canada College, and the institution opened for the purposes of tuition on the 4th of January, 1830. Since then, more than 2000 pupils have been entered on its boards,-many of whom are now occupying distinguished positions in the Province and elsewhere. The institution stands in the same relation to the University as the preparatory and high schools of other Universities, although supported by an endowment of its own, aided by an annual Parliamentary grant. At present it is placed under the management of the Senate of the University of Toronto; but the principal, masters, and teachers are appointed by the Governor." YOUNG MEN'S ST. PATRICK'S ASSOCIATION, "Was established in 1855, for the following objects:'To present to 550 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. the young Irishmen of Toronto opportunities and incentives to intellectual improvement; to multiply their sources of information; to establish a library, reading-room, and debating club; to provide for the delivery of public and private lectures; to procure pecuniary means for benevolent and intellectual purposes; to promote a friendly intercourse between them; and, finally, to create, excite, and maintain a warm love for their native land, and a worthy zeal for the honor and character of their race.' Meetings are held on the first and third Thursdays of each month, for debating purposes; and, on the second Thursday, for general purposes. Subscriptionl: Entrance fee, 5s. and 1Os. per annum." NOVA SCOTIAo HALIFAX. YOUNG MIEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. (1857.) 1100 vols. Organized in 1854. The third annual report (1857) of this Association states, that it has a firmer place in the affections of the Christian community than at any previous period. The library contains 1100 volumes, comprising the "cream of literature." A large number of periodicals are received. Receipts, 1856, ~327 1is. 8(d(. Expenses, ~233 14s. 3d. Number of members, 62. Subscribers to the readingroom, 85. WINDSOR. KING'S COLLEGE. (1857.) 4800 vols. Founded in 1802. "The valuable library of the College has been carefully arranged and classified by the librarian and other professors, and an accurate catalogue is now in course of preparation for the press. The Rev. E. Maturin, M.A., late of Trinity College, Dublin, has kindly afforded his aid, having had practical experience in a similar work while at that University. "CThe Right Reverend the Visitor has appropriated some accumulations NOVA SCOTIA. 551 of interest on the Wharneford donation, to the purchase of theological works, to the amount of ~50. Besides which, the Governors have the pleasure to announce a recent donation of 17 volumes from the Rev. Mr. Greswell, of Worcester College, Oxford. The INCORPORATED ALUMNI have shown a lively interest in the library, and have announced their — readiness to appropriate a portion of their funds to its enlargement, which praiseworthy design will be met by corresponding aid on the part of the Governors, so soon as the state of their funds will permit. In this connection it may be well to state that all students have access to the library." -E xtract f'ron the Report of the Secretary, Jam es C. Cochran, July, 1856, " The library was commenced at the foundation of the College, and has hitherto been principally sustained by donations. It is much indebted to the University of Oxford, a large portion of the books having been given by it; also to the Dean and Chapter of Westminster Abbey, and to many private individuals. The College esteems itself fortunate in possessing two fine copies of Walton's celebrated Polyglot, in 6 volumes, with the Lexicon, in 2 volumes, of which, we understand, there is but one other copy to be met with in North America." COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. THIS class of public libraries has in several States attracted much attention and involved large expenditures. An effort has been made to collect reliable information on the subject, and the following article is believed to contain much that has never been given in a connected form. A wultole volume could be prepared, and would indeed be necessary to illustrate the various systems of school libraries; and it is hoped that this may yet be done by a competent hand. The aggregate number of volumes in the Common Schools in the United States is about TWO MILLIONS, and in Canada nearly a quarterof a million. The system introduced, under the energetic and judicious measures proposed by Dr. Ryerson, in Upper Canada, deserves special mention. It appears to be the opinion of some who have given special attention to this subject, that the system of School Libraries of Canada is in advance of any in the United States. CALIFORNIA. DURING 1854, $3990 52 were expended in 14 counties for school libraries and apparatus. CONNECTICUT. 553 CONNECTICUT. IN 1838, no efforts had been made to provide the district schools with libraries. Mr. Barnard states that out of 1400 schools which he visited, there were but six libraries, containing, in all, less than 1000 volumes. By an Act of the General Assembly, May Session, 1856, the Treasurer of the State, upon the order of the Superintendent of Schools, is authorized and directed to pay over the sum of ten dollars, out of any moneys that may be in the public treasury, to every school district which shall raise? by tax or subscription, a like sum for the same purpose, to establish within such district a school library, and to procure philosophical and chemical apparatus; and the further sum of five dollars, annually, upon a like order to the said districts, upon condition that they shall have raised a like sum for such year for the purposes aforesaid. Since the passage of this law up to May, 1857, 133 districts have availed themselves of its provisions, and the aggregate amount raised by these districts has been nearly $2000. The total number is 186; 53 libraries having been reported previous to the enactment of the new law. The amount paid from the State treasury to districts, is $1330. In some districts a large portion of the money was expended for reference books; but in others, for volumes for general circulation. The law requires that books purchased for district libraries be approved by the Board of Visitors of each town. The whole amount expended for libraries, during 1858, was $3757 29. A large proportion of the money has been appropriated for the purchase of books for circulating libraries. Mtore than 14,000 volumes have thus been placed within the reach of parents and children during the past year. In city and village districts, reference books, maps, philosophical and chemical apparatus have been more frequently purchased. On the 1st of January, 1859, there were 461 school libraries with 25,700 volumes. The following statement is taken from the Annual Report of the Superintendent of Common Schools, 1858:Counties. No. of Libraries. No. of Vols. Hartford,. 29 4271 New Haven,..... 45 2596 New London,.... 32 2242 554 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. Counties. No. of Libraries. No. of Vols. Fairfield,. 34 1602 Litchfield,.22 787 Windham, 2.. 24 882 Middlesex,..... 33 1221 Tolland,..11 597 230 14,198 INDIANA. " THE law of 1852 imposed a tax of a quarter of a mill on the property, and an assessment of twenty-five cents on the poll, for the purpose of establishing a library in every civil township in the commonwealth. This tax was limited to the period of two years. The assessments for the aforesaid purpose, during these two years, amounted to $186,327. The amount realized from that levy was $176,336, leaving a delinquency of only $9991. The Revised School Law of 1855, provides for a similar levy for only one year, which will amount, according to the data found on page 54, of the Auditor's Report, viz., $301,858,474 of property, and 178,877 polls, to the handsome sum of $123,183. The uncertainty incident to such legislative restriction is enough to damage the reputation and interests of even the best of causes. Were a similar policy adopted relative to any other great interest of the State, it would be deemed unwise and ruinous in the extreme. It is, however, to be hoped that such expressions as the following, will not be lost on the public mind:'Nearly all the books have been drawn out as much as twent'y-five times, many of them oftener, and quite a number of the books are not permitted to remain in the library an hour before they are withdrawn.' Says another:'Our library is doing more good than any thing that has ever been done by the Legislature of this State. Great interest is manifested in it here.' The latter remark represents the state of things in a rural district in the oldest county in the State, and the former portrays the condition of the library enterprise in a large river city in the'Pocket.' The number of volumes embraced in the purchase, and distributed to the townships, is two hundred and twentysix thousand two hundred accnd thirteen." In 1855, there were 135,378 volumes in the school libraries of the State of Indiana. IOWA-M iASSACHUSETTS. 555 The number of volumes distributed is 226,213, at a cost of $154,335 22. For a schedule of the prices paid, see Fourth Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, p. 121, 1856. The amount of library tax for 1855, was $108,243 21. "The operation of the library feature of the system, as far as heard from, has been exceedingly happy, disappointing the predictions of its enemies and the fears of its timid friends, and even transcending the most sanguine expectations of its more ardent advocates. The interest awakened by its use, and the estimation in which it is held by adults as well as youth, confirm the wisdom that gave it a township character rather than a district mission. "There are many pleasant tokens that it hlas entered on a glorious mission, and the indications of the high estimation in which it is held and the usefulness it is accomplishing are neither few nor insignificant. One township reports 1230 volumes taken out in 3- months; another 687 in 4 months; another 1242 in 9 months; another 1050 in 6 months; another 700 in 9 months; another 1540 in 10 months; another 2127 in 8S months. No two of the said townships are in the same county, and none of these libraries contained more than 330 volumes."-Report of C. Mills, Feb. 11, 1856. IOWA. THE exemptions from military duty, and all fines, are appropriated to the support of schools and school libraries. In 1854, there were 1520 district schools, having only 576 volumes reported in their libraries. MASS ACHU SET TS. FRoM the Twelfth Report of the Secretary of the Board of Education, presented November, 1848, we learn that the number of volumes in the school libraries was 91,539, and their estimated value, $42,707. "It 556 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. would be difficult," adds the Secretary, "to mention any way in which a million of dollars could be more beneficially expended than in supplying the requisite apparatus and libraries for our common schools." A communication from the Secretary of the Board of Education, dated March 5, 1859, states, " Our school system in Massachusetts does not embrace'school libraries,' as a part. Several years ago they were established in many school districts, but have generally failed to excite the interest necessary to keep them in existence. We have no returns giving information respecting them." MICHIGAN. Two mills on each dollar of valuation is taxed, $25 of which is applied to the purchase of books for the township library. The clear proceeds of all fines, penalties, and exemptions, are devoted to the purchase of books, and apportioned by the County Treasurer according to the number of children between the ages of four and eighteen. The books are intended for the use of all the inhabitants, and not restricted to scholars attending school. The inspectors purchase the books for the township libraries, and make all necessary regulations respecting their use. The township clerk acts as librarian. All works are excluded having directly or remotely a sectarian tendency, and also novels, romances, &c. No person except directors of school districts can draw books, and the inhabitants of the districts draw from them. The libraries are open every Saturday from 12 to 2. A district library is provided for the City of Detroit, by a tax of $200 annually. Act, Feb. 17, 1842. The whole number of school districts is 4404. In 1851, there were 97,148 volumes in the township libraries. In 1853, the number of volumes in the libraries was 112,538. In 1854, the number was 121,201. Amount of two mill tax assessed by the supervisor, and collected for support of school and township libraries, $67,179 55. Amount of fines, penalties, and forfeitures of recognizance, received MISSOURI-NEW HAMPSHIRE. 557 of county treasurers for the purchase of books and township library $2457 80. MISSOURIn IN 1854, the number of common schools was 1546, and of district libraries 1117. NEW HAMPSHIRE. TIE Secretary of the Board of Education, Jonathan Tenney, in his Report for 1856, after stating what had been done in the States of New Yor;k, Ohio, Indiana, &c., earnestly recommends the adoption of a system of school libraries in New HIampshire.' H-e thinks it would be unwise to appropriate an equal amount to each town of such various size, wealth, and length of school as exists there. If the State will not aid in this work, he urges the teachers, committees, and intelligent citizens to persuade the towns to do it. SCHOOL, DISTRICT, SOCIAL; OR TOWN LIBRARIES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. Counties. No. of Libraries. Total No. of Vols. 1858. Town. Largest Library. Belknap,. 1... 177 Alton,.. 177 Carroll,.. 2... 900 Tamforth,.. 800 Cheshire,... 8... 3,224 Walpole,.. 839 Coos,. 3... 510 Colebrook,. 250 Grafton,... 13. 6,052 Lyme,. 2,000 Hillsborough. 11 3,755 Peterboro,.. 1,500 Merrimac,. 9. 4,266 Concord,.. 2,291 Rockingham,.. 18...23,926 Exeter,. 2,000 Stafford,. 4. 2,230 Rollinsford,. 1,200 Sullivan... 4. 2705 Charlestown,. 2,235 558 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. NEW YORK. " IN 1835, the districts were, by Act of Legislature, authorized to tax themselves $20 each for the first year, and $10 each year afterwards, for the establishment of a library. But few districts availed themselves of this privilege. In 1838, it was made imperative upon each district, the State paying half of the sum." These libraries are " not so much for the benefit of children attending school as for those who have completed their commlon-school education. Its main design was to throw into school districts, and to place within the reach of all their inhabitants, a collection of good works on subjects calculated to enlarge their understandings and store their minds with useful knowledge." (Report, 1836.) " Selections for the district libraries are made from the whole range of literature and science, with the exception of controversial books, political or religious. History, biography, poetry, philosophy-mental, moral, and natural-fiction-indeed every department of human knowledge, contributes its share to the district school library. The object of this great charity was not merely to furnish books for children, but to establish in all the school districts a miscellaneous library suited to the tastes and characters of every age. "By means of this diffusive benevolence, the light of knowledge penetrates every portion of the State, and the sons of our farmers, merchants, mechanics, and laborers have daily access to many well-selected books, of which, but for this sagacious policy of our State, a majority of them would have never heard. If knowledge is power, who can calculate the energy imparted to the people of this State by the district school and district library?" (Annual Report of the Superintendent of Common Schools, January 2,'1849.) "By provision of the Act of the Legislature, April 17, 1838, the sum of $55,000 of the United States' deposit fund was required to be distributed among the several school districts of the State, and by the trustees of districts to be appropriated for three years (extended, in 1839, to five years), for the purchase of a district library, and after that time, for a library, or for the payment of teachers' wages. "In 1838, the means of distributing books throughout the country were by no means as great as they now are. Railroads were but few; NEW YOREK. 559 and the means of access to many parts of the State were unfrequent, tedious, and expensive. Literature was by no means generally circulated. The authority given by the Legislature to establish joint district libraries, at the same time that it recognizes the demnand made for more libraries, also admits the inconveniences, expenses, and often wastefulness, of the plan of maintaining separate district libraries." The opinion of the State Superintendent of Schools, on this subject, as found in his Annual Report, 1857, shows how much these institutions are neglected, even in the country, where it is difficult to procure reading matter. That opinion is as follows:" The advantages that actually result from their establishment, while unquestionably large, are, it is to be feared, sensibly decreasing. It is now through their secondary influence in having excited a taste for reading which seeks its gratification in the private purchase of books, that the libraries are of very considerable value, rather than by actually supplying the demand they originally stimulated. In those districts where the libraries have been best appreciated and most extensively read, the interest in their contents is to the largest degree exhausted, and can only be renewed by a constant replenishing of the shelves with fresh books. The existing appropriation is too small to produce a very marked effect in this way, and the consequence is, that both the old and the new volumes are falling into neglect. Cc As the inhabitants cease to resort to the libraries, the officers who are charged with their custody and preservation, become careless and indifferent, and the books are stowed away like the forgotten lumber of a garret, to moulder and dilapidate. " Melancholy evidence of the truth of their waning usefulness is presented in the fact, that an apparent diminution of 31,940 volumes is reported in immediate juxtaposition with the expenditure of over $43,000 in the past year, which ought to have largely swelled their number. It is, doubtless, true that this reported decrease is unreal, and that it is to be charged to the defects in the statistics. But the fact that the department has been forced to present such erroneous returns in spite of its efforts to secure accuracy, is, of itself, conclusive proof that the books are so scattered that they cannot be correctly catalogued, or that the librarians, who must reflect in this particular the feelings of those by whom they are appointed, regard them as of too subordinate importance to require great exertion in obtaining minute information about their condition. The increasing applications to this 560 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. department for permission to expend the library money for the payment of teachers' wages, confirm the evidence." The total number of volumes in the school and district libraries have been reported, for a series of years on the first of January as follows: in Date. Volu mes. Date. Volumes. 1847,.. 1,310,986 1853,.. 1,604,210 1848,.. 1,338,848 1854,.. 1,572,270 1849, 1,409,154 1855,.. 1,494,542 1850,.. 1,449,950 1856,.. 1,418,100 1851,.. 1,507,077 1857,.. 1,377,933 1852,.. 1,570,131 It will be seen from the above table, that notwithstanding the large amounts annually appropriated to this purpose, the number of volumes in 1857 is 226,277 less than was reported in 1853. The Superintendent of Public Instruction states, that he is unable to account for this falling of, which in the last four years has amounted to an average of 56,569 volumes per annum. The interest in these libraries seems to have ceased in many parts of the State, and may be owing to the fact, that in too many cases works of an ephemeral character have formed their contents more to the gratification of the publishing agent than the benefit of the district. The following table gives the number of volumes in the district libraries in New York, in 1857:Counties. Volumes. Counties. Volumes. Albany,.. 27,559 Greene,.. 21,213 Alleghany,.. 21,409 Hamilton,.. 1.566 Broome,. 16,521 Herkimer,.. 23,395 Cattaraugus, 17,330 Jefferson,. 43,521 Cayuga,.. 35,142 KIings,... 34,779 Chatauque,. 26,039 Lewis,... 16,217 Chemung,.. 10,519 Livingston,.. 22,779 Chenango,.. 32',394 Madison,.. 28,718 Clinton,. 18,082 Monroe,... 34,082 Columbia,.. 20,869 Montgomery,.. 16,802 Cortland,.. 19,757 New York,.. 14,000 Delaware,.. 27,223 Niagara,.. 23,356 Dutchess,.. 33,526 Oneida,.. 53,531 Erie,.. 41,127 Onondaga,.. 41,760 Essex,.. 17,393 Ontario,.. 25,573 Franklin,. 12,181 Orange,.. 32,798 Fulton,.. 11,232 Orleans,.. 13,781 Genesee,.. 18,249 Oswego,.. 28,1.55 NEW YORK. 561 Counties. Volumes. Counties. Volumes. Otsego,.. 36,549 Steuben,.. 29,632 Putnam,.. 8,489 Suffolk,... 23,068 Queens,. 20,732 Sullivan,.. 13,003 Rensselaer,. 31,443 Tioga,... 16,649 Richmond,.. 5,706 Tompkins,.. 20,919 Rockland,.. 8,601 Ulster,... 30,514 St. Lawrence,. 41,517 Warren,.. 7,790 Saratoga,.. 27,080 Washington,.. 29,179 Schenectady,. 9,136 Wayne,... 26,333 Schoharie,.. 21,311 Westchester,.. 28,341 Schuyler,.. 12,384 Wyoming,.. 22,018 Seneca,... 14,115 Yates,.. 10,846 1,377,933 Cities. Volumes. Cities. Volumes. Albany,.. 5,928 New York,.. 14,000 Auburn,.. 3,625 Utica,... 2,985 Hudson,. 700 Syracuse,.. 4,620 Poughkeepsie,. 4,653 Oswego,.. 3,000 Buffalo,.. 8,216 Troy,... 3,580 Brooklyn,.. 29,511 Schenectady,.. 3,045 Rochester,.. 6,000 Total Cities,. 89,863 The payments made by the State for these libraries in the year 1857 were $6306 68 for cities, and $25,857 07 for the rural districts. Total, $32,163 75. The portion of the literature fund for the purchase of libraries, apportioned to New York City, has been annually received by the Board of Education, and although, by its by-laws, it has declared that school libraries, under the control of the officers of the ward, should be established, yet no part of these moneys has been applied to such purpose. On the Ist of August, 1855, a Report was made, by a Committee of the Board, favorable to the establishment of libraries in the various grammar schools, and of a library in the hall of the Board; but no action, up to 1858, had been taken in regard to it. In the Report, the Committee say that the sum, so appropriated, then amounted to about $100,000; that it had been exhausted not for libraries, but for the current expenses of the Board. The friends of the schools No. 44 and No. 40, in the 5th and 18th wards, have established libraries in them, by voluntary subsecription.l 1 Assembly Documents, No. 50, Vol. II, February 11, 1858. 36 562 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. The volumes in the libraries' of the Academies in the State of New York have been thus reported:No. of Volumes. Average. In 1854, 168 academies reported,.. 86,724 516 1855, 172 " "... 91,296 530 1856, 165 " "... 93,211 564 1857, 176 "'... 84,983 482 1858, 183 " ".. 100,290 552 The value of the libraries, in 1857, was reported as $89,642 06; and in 1858, at $107,015. OHIO. THE law devotes one-tenth of a mill upon the dollar valuation, on the grand list of property taxable for State purposes, as an annual fund " for the purpose of furnishing school libraries and apparatus to all the Common Schools of the State," and provides that "every family in each district or sub-district shall be entitled to the use of one volume at a time from the school library, although no member of such family attend any of the schools of the township." The Township Boards of Education are vested with the power to "msake and enforce such rules relative to the use and preservation of the school libraries and apparatus, as they may think advisable," including the appointment and direction of librarians. These libraries are "deemed the property of said several boards, or local school officers, to whom the same may have been delivered, and shall not be subject to execution, sale, or alienation for any cause whatever." Section 51 further provides that " as soon as the revenues raised for the purpose of furnishing the Common Schools with libraries and apparatus will admit, it shall be the duty of the State Commissioners of Common Schools to purchase the same, and the books and apparatus so purchased shall be distributed, through the Auditor's office of each county, to the Board of Education in each. township, city, or incorporated village, according to the enumeration of scholars." Perhaps no single recommendation has been more frequently made, by State officers charged with the superintendence of Common Schools, than some public provision for Township or District Libraries. 1 The names and location of the academies are given in the general list of libraries in New York. OHIO. 563 In the report of El. I-I. Barney, March 12, 1856, it is stated that "the whole number of volumes purchased and distributed, or to be distributed, is 321,793, costing $198,092 54." Receipts, District School Library Fund, during 1854-'55, $80,639 75; disbursements, $84,095 35. Receipts during 1855-'56, $83,257 20; disbursements, $82,906 47. The total number of school libraries in Ohio in 1855 was 4777; value $84,737 90; volumes 136,121. Amount expended for books in 1854 and 1855, $150,787 08. The receipts of the District School Library Fund for the years 1854, 1855, and 1856, amount to $218,130 53. One-half of all the taxes levied in 1855 by State authority were for Common School and Library purposes. The total amount was $1,377,403 75; of this.$78,848 68 were for libraries. The orders for books were then executed by a general agent, H. rW. Derby, of Cincinnati. The schedule of books bought, with the prices paid, ar~ given in Public Document No. 37, 1856. All the books are bound in full library style, with dark sprinkled or marbled edges, covers embossed and stamped. The prices are said to range from 5 to 10 per cent. below the cost of the books purchased for the State of Indiana. Information from various parts of the State disclose very dissimilar views in regard to this feature of the present system, in most instances the expression being warmly of approval, and of anxiety that the annual supply of books may be continued; while in some quarters a peculiar prejudice seems to exist against this provision of the law. In answer to the question, " What is the use of school district libraries?" Mr. Barney goes into an elaborate and able defence of the system, from which we make the following extracts:" The question is often asked, and asked, too, as if it were difficult to be answered:' What is the use of school district libraries, and why should the property of the State be taxed to furnish these libraries?' The best way, perhaps, to answer this question, is to ask another: c Why is it necessary to have a system of common schools, and why should it be maintained at the public expense?' Good libraries are almost as essential to the diffusion of useful knowledge, as good schools. Mere school studies do not reach every part and faculty of the mind. They do not discover and call out all the latent powers which lie hid in our youth. They are but the means to future education, giving to the 564 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. young the instruments with which to educate themselves, and giving to their parents and guardians an opportunity to instil into their minds correct principles to guide them in their future course. A taste for reading interesting and instructive books, formed and confirmed by habit, at the only period of life when a taste for reading can be formed, has often accomplished more than school studies, to excite in the young a vigorous desire for a liberal self-culture. " It is a well-known fact, that persons who do not attend school and learn to read and write, before they reach their majority, seldom or never acquire those arts. A taste for reading useful books, must, in like mannecr, be formed in youth, or it will rarely, if ever, be formed afterward. As, without schools, a large majority of the people would continue through life ignorant of the art of reading and writing, so without suitable libraries placed within reach of the young, many would never acquire a taste for reading. As good books, coupled with the habit and love of reading them, like virtuous associations, are of great value to the minds and morals of the young, and as the object of establishing schools is to give our children an opportunity of acquiring that knowledge and mental training, and of forming those habits and tastes, which will make them wiser, better, and happier, it would seem to be almost as important to provide for the establishment of libraries as of schools. "4 This view of the case explains the reason why in so many of the States, provision has already been made for creating school district or township libraries; and why at this time, the people in other States are earnestly calling their respective Legislatures to this vitally important subject. "4 It has become a sort of axiom with many of our ablest and most experienced educationists, that a good library is quite as indispensable to a good school, as a good schoolhouse and a good teacher. Indeed, it is now regarded, in many places, as a part of the business of the teacher, to encourage in his pupils a taste for reading, by calling their attention, at stated periods, to the interesting incidents and valuable information contained in particular works, and by assigning to them, as themes or topics for their essays or compositions, important facts and events described in the volumes of the library. "In an address to the youth of Salem, Mass., delivered on the occasion of a school celebration, Mr. George B. Emerson, one of the most accomplished teachers of the age, beautifully and impressively illustrated the great and manifold advantages of gaining, in the beginning of life, the power of reading distinctly, naturally, and intelligently, and especially OIIIO. 565 of acquiring a love for reading;-showing most conclusively that there is no situation in life in which it will not prove a source of the purest pleasure and highest improvement. Referring to Thomas Dowse, the leather-dresser of Cambridgeport, he remarked:' For many years, and many times a year, I have passed by the shop of that diligent, industrious mechanic, whom I have often seen busy at his trade, with his arms bare, hard at work. His industry and steadiness have been successful, and he has gained a competency. But he still remains wisely devoted to his trade. During the day, you may see him at his work. At night he sits down in his parlor by his quiet fireside, and enjoys, through his choice and beautiful library, the company of the most extraordinary collection of friends that any man in New England can boast of. William H. Prescott goes out from Boston and talks with him about Ferdinand and Isabella. Washington Irving comes from New York, and tells him the story of the wars of Granada, and the adventurous voyage of Columbus, or the Legend of Sleepy Hollow, or the tale of the Broken Heart. George Bancroft sits down with him, and points out on a map the colonies and settlements of America, their circumstances and fates, and gives him the early history of liberty. Jared Sparks comes down from Caumbridge, and reads to him the letters of Washington, and makes his heart glad with the heroic deeds of that godlike man for the cause of his country. Or, if he is in the mood for poetry, his neighbor, Washington Allston, the great painter, steps in and tells him a story,-and nobody tells a story so well,-or repeats to him lines of poetry. Bryant comes with his sweet wood-notes, which he learned among the green hills of Berkshire. And Richard H. Dana, father and son, come, the one to repeat grave, heart-stirring poetry, the other to speak of his Two Years before the Mast. Or, if this mechanic is in a speculative mood, Professor Hitchcock comes to talk to him of all the changes that have befallen the soil of Massachusetts, since the flood and before; or Professor Espy tries to show him how to predict a storm. Nor is his acquaintance confined to his own country. In his graver hours, he sends for Sir John Herschel from across the ocean, and he comes and sits down, and discourses eloquently upon the wonders of the vast creation-of all the worlds that are poured upon our sight by the glory of a starry night. Nor is it across the stormy ocean of blue waves alone that his friends come to visit hini; but across the darker and wider ocean of time, come the wise and good, the eloquent and the witty, and sit down by his table, and discourse with him as long as he wishes to listen. That eloquent 566 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. blind old man of Scio, with beard descending to his girdle, still blind, but still eloquent, sits down with him; and, as he sang almost three thousand years ago among the Grecian Isles, sings the war of Troy or the wanderings of Ulysses. The poet of the human heart comes from the banks of Avon, and the poet of Paradise from his small garden-house in Westminster; Burns from his cottage on the Ayr, and Scott from his dwelling on the Tweed; and any time, these three years past, may have been seen by his fireside a man who ought to be a hero with schoolboys, for no one ever so felt for them-Charles Dickens. In the midst of such friends, our friend the leather-dresser lives a happy and respected life, not less respected, and far more happy, than if an uneasy. ambition had made him a representative in Congress, or a governor of a State, and the more respected and happy that he disdains not to labor daily in his honorable calling.'' It is such examples as these,-and they might be multiplied to an indefinite extent-which have impressed our most eminent statesmen and friends of education with the conviction that, along with public schools, district libraries should be established; and that parents and teachers should cordially and steadily co-operate with each other in efforts to excite in their children and scholars a hearty love of readciny. All will admit that the great security for the preservation and perpetuation of the blessings of liberty and good government, does not consist in the fact that the political power is nominally in the hands of the people, but in the fact that the people do actually and practically take an efficient and intelligent part in the management of public affairs. All will agree that the exercise of political power should be directed by an enlightened judgment and upright motives, and that the right of suffrage can hardly prove a blessing to those who do not possess the requisite amount of intelligence to exercise it with discretion. And hence it is that in this country enlightened public sentiment is so unanimous in the belief that the preservation of our free institutions demands that the sources of useful knowledge should be as numerous, and as widely diffused as possible; and that prominent among these sources of valuable information, and second only to our public schools and religious institutions, are school district or township libraries. " It is a truth which requires no argument, that the love of reading is a blessing in any pursuit, in any course of life,-not less to the merchant, farmer, mechanic, than to the professional man,-that it tends to refine and purify and elevate society; in short, that it is to the young, one of 01110. 567 the strongest safeguards of character, and to those more advanced in life, a sweet solace amid the cares and troubles of business." Gov. Chase, in his Message, Jan. 5, 1857, recommends that township libraries be substituted for the district libraries, and that the library at each county seat be made a county library, and supplied, as far as possible, with the published documents of the State and National governments. The present Commissioner of Common Schools, Anson Smyth, Esq., in his Report for the year ending August 31, 1858, states that for two years the law on the subject of libraries had been in a state of suspension. It is now, however, again in operation, and the Commissioner has taken every means to secure its being carried out thoroughly and efficiently. HIis solicitude for the proper discharge of his duties is manifested in all his transactions; he consulted the friends of education, the officials of all kinds, and other persons on the subject, and took every precaution in making the contracts for the books, to secure the interests of the State. The Report contains a number of extracts from letters of those who were competent to make suggestions as to the character of the books to be procured, &c. The opinion is generally expressed that a system of township libraries would be much more useful than the present one which "spreads the library matter out too thinly over the country." 75,000 dollars seems a large amount to be expended for books in a single year, but when this is divided by the number of townships, &c., it' gives to each an average of but $45. But the townships are divided into sub-districts, sometimes twelve in number. It would seem to be useless to attempt to establish ten thousand libraries in the State, giving to each an average of about seven dollars worth of books per annum. The contract for furnishing the books was awarded to Messrs. Appleton & Co.,1 of New York, but the binding was to be done in Ohio. This latter clause it was found impossible to carry out, and it was relinquished. 1 All the free space on the floor of the immense salesroom at Appleton's, is now occupied by great masses of these books, piled solidly like bricks, ready for packing and shipment. In bulk, they measure over twenty-five solid cords, and they weigh seventy-eight tons. Piled on end, on a shelf, in the usual manner, and as close together as possible, they would extend from the City Hall to Union Square, or a distance of two miles. We understand that Messrs. Appleton have made arrangements to transport the entire lot by a special freight train, to be run straight through from this city to Columbus. The binding, which is uniform, is beautiful 568 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. It is stated that 13,000 volumes of the works purchased are the pro. ductions of Ohio authors and publishers. Counties. Number and Value of School Number of Volumes in Libraries. School Libraries. 1858. No. Dollars. Adams,.. 67.. 1,379.. 2,153 Allen,... 59.. 332.. 1,254 Ashland,.. 34.. 617.. 1,376 Ashtabula,.. 23.. 223.. 4,000 Athens,.. 119.. 2,532.. 4,153 Auglaize,.. 44.. 939.. 1,048 Belmont,.. 143.. 1,432.. 5,427 Brown,.. 78.. 994.. 2)601 Butler,.. 97.. 2,760.. 4,531 Carroll,.. 74.. 585.. 1,489 Champaign,.. 62 1,116.. 1,877 Clarke,.. 74.. 1,593.. 2,681 Clermont,.. 68.. 1,324.. 2,787 Clinton,.. 62.. 1,431.. 2,516 Columbiana,.. 128.. 2,726.. 5,033 Coshocton,.. 74.. 2,105... 2072 Crawford,.. 61.. 1,986.. 3,410 Cuyahoga,.. 122.. 3,337.. 5,024 Darke,. 109.. 1,111.. 2,178 Defiance,.. 45.. 832.. 1,476 Delaware,.. 51.. 604.. 1,073 and substantial. Each volume is lettered on the back, with the title of the book, author's name, and the mark of the " Ohio S. Library, 1 859." The selections have been made exclusively by the Commissioner, to whom great credit is due for the intelligent and judicious manner in which he has discharged so important a duty. This can best be appreciated by an inspection of his list, from which the following titles (with the number of copies required of each work) are taken at random: 1650 Goadby's Physiology, 1300 Walks and Talks of an American Farmer in England, 1400 Bryant's Poems, 1000 Halleckl's Poems, 1000 Dana's Household Book of Poetry, 1400 Songs and Ballads of the Revolution, 1650 Lossing's United States, 1650 Mrs. Kirkland's Memoirs of Washington, 1650 Heroes and Hero Worship, 500 New American CyclopEdia, 1650 Michelet's France, 1000 Downing's Landscape Gardening, 500 Ruskin's Stones of Venice, 100 Moore's American Eloquence, 150 Benton's Abridgment of Congressional Debates, 1650 Youman's Household Science, 1650 Life of Charles XII, 1650 Elliott's Fruit Book, 1650 Flint on Grasses, 1650 Youatt and Martin on Cattle, 1650 Incidents in American History, 1650 Milburn's Rifle, Axe, and Saddle-Bags, 1650 Educational Biography, 1500 India and her People, 1250 Norse Folk, 500 Darlington's Agricultural Botany, 200 Maxims of Washington. —N. Y. Tribune, March 29, 1859. OeIO. 569 Counties. Number and Value of School Number of Volumes in Libraries. School Libraries. 1858. No. Dollars. Eriie,.. 47.. 724.. 2,510 Fairfield,.. 96.. 3,189.. 4,589 Fayette,.. 59.. 597.. 1,651 Franklin,.. 51.. 2,781.. 4,445 Fulton,. 57.. 939.. 1,517 Gallia,... 67.. 640.. 981 Geauga,... 57.. 458.. 1,776 Greene,... 75.. 1,789.. 2,669 Guernsey,. 104.. 1,464.. 2,190 Hamilton,.. 121. 18,269.. 18,630 Hancock,.. 64.. 1,094.. 1,936 Hardin,... 31.. 276.. 875 Harrison,.. 90.. 1,579.. 3,123 Henry,... 35.. 352.. 607 Highland,.. 77.. 2,635.. 2325 Hocking,.. 97.. 1,360.. 2,562 Holmes,.. 108.. 802.. 1,561 Huron,.. 65.. 1,016.. 3,227 Jackson,.. 34.. 225. 1,085 Jefferson,.. 62.. 1,575.. 2,625 Knox,.. 94.. 2,294.. 2,675 Lake,.. 67.. 1,153 1,450 Lawrence,.. 24.. 1,006.. 1,897 Licking,.. 133.. 2,264.. 4,784 Logan,.. 61.. 182.. 1,740 Lorain,.. 115.. 508.. 2,598 Lucas,.. 33.. 911.. 1,710 Madison,.. 24.. 1,099.. 1,798 Mahoning,.. 112.. 2,520.. 3,817 Marion,. 35.. 525.. 1,140 Medina,.. 74.. 1,008.. 2,026 Meigs,.. 64.. 667.. 981 Mercer,.. 13.. 708.. 1,776 Miami,.. 89.. 2,006.. 2,669 Monroe,.. 112.. 2,667.. 2,190 Montgomery,.. 117.. 3854.. 18,630 Morgan,.. 70.. 420.. 1,936 Morrow,.. 97.. 1,958.. 875 Muskingum,.. 152.. 3, 62.. 3,123 Noble,.. 52.. 1,225.. 607 Ottowa,.. 12.. 510.. 2,325 Paulding,.. 9.. 88.. 2,562 Perry,.. 89.. 1,685.. 1,561 570 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. Counties. Number and Value of School Number of Volumes in Libraries. School Libraries. 1858. No. Dollars. Pickaway,.. 66.. 1,105.. 3,227 Pike,.. 41.. 446.. 1,085 Portage,.. 60.. 889.. 2,625 Preble,.. 96.. 1,742.. 2,675 Putnam,.. 47.. 263.. 814 Richland,.. 149.. 2,733.. 5,089 Ross,... 33.. 1,520.. 3,042 Sandusky,.. 98.. 1,524.. 2,506 Sciota,.. 45.. 1,396.. 2,376 Seneca,.. 180.. 960.. 1,416 Shelby,.. 65.. 1,168.. 2,016 Stark,... 160.. 4,226.. 6,735 Summit,.. 71.. 1,471.. 3,513 Trumbull,.. 17.. 557.. 2,743 Tuscarawas,.. 135. 3,855.. 5,544 Union,... 40.. 815.. 1,641 Van Wert,.. 33.. 447.. 931 Vinton,.. 62.. 765.. 1,354 Warren,.. 48.. 567.. 1,860 Washington,.. 99.. 1,668.. 3,893 Wayne,.. 66.. 1,644.. 2,322 Williams,.. 31.. 143.. 756 Wood,.. 55.. 827.. 1,700 Wyandott,.. 68.. 1,065.. 1,801 Total,. 6,437 $135,958 245,887 PEN NTSYLVANIA. THE public grammar and secondary schools of the First Section of the First School District of Pennsylvania (embracing the central part of Philadelphia) have libraries averaging 500 volumes each, established and maintained by the income arising froln a bequest of $10,000, by Stephen Girard, for that purpose. RHODE ISLAND. 571 R O D E ISL A N D. MR. HENRY BARNARD'S labors in the cause of education in Rhode Island, some years ago, met with much success. Before he left the State, a library of at least 500 volumes had been secured for at least twenty-nine out of the thirty-two towns. " The Portsmouth school district library was the first established, mainly by a liberal donation, of 8100, from Miss Sarah Gibbs. " The library at Lonsdale was purchased, at an expense of $550, by the Lonsdale Company. The books are lent out, to any who apply for them, at a cent a volume. More than $70 were realized, the first year, from the circulation of the books. "The library at Slatersville was purchased out of an appropriation of $500, made by Messrs. Slater, Lockwood, and Carter. " The libraries at Burrillville, Gloucester, Foster, Cranston, Itopkilton, Richmond, Charleston, Exeter, Little Compton, New Shoreham, Jamestown, and Barrington, owe their existence mainly to the liberality of AMASA MANTON, Esq., of Providence, who, by an expenditure of $1000, was instrumental in raising in these towns double that amount, and has thus secured the establishment of ten libraries, with at least 5000 good books." Mr. Barnard (in the "Report and Documents relating to the Public Schools of Rhode Island for 1848," pages 425 seq.) has given an historical and statistical account of the se\veral libraries in the State, with a sketch of the organization and the history and by-laws of the Pawcatuck Library Association, as a favorable specimen of a public school library. He has also published the catalogue of this collection, in 94 closely printed 8vo. pages. This library was selected by Mr. Barnard, and the catalogue, with explanatory remarks and select hints on reading, was prepared by him. We extract the following paragraphs descriptive of the catalogue:" The first of the following catalogues is a catalogue of subjects. Its design is not simply to give the titles of the books of the library, but to furnish an index to the subjects considered in the bookls. To effect this, the various books in the library have been analyzed with considerable care, and the several subjects exhibited by them have been arranged 572 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. under their proper heads. The analysis has been confined to distinct treatises and separate articles on subjects. The design of the analysis, it is thought, has been accomplished, viz.: to make the catalogue so full that no one shall be obliged to remove a book from the shelves in order to learn its contents or subjects, and that those who use the library may make their selection of books directly from the catalogue. Thus the convenience of persons in their selections will be greatly promoted, and the injurious handling of the books be prevented. "In addition to the catalogue of subjects, a catalogue of authors is also given, in which the names of all the authors in the library are placed alphabetically, and under each name all such works of that author as belong to the library. By the aid of these two catalogues any person, even those the least familiar with books, may very readily refer to any work or any subject which they may wish to examine. In both catalogues the number of each book, as it stands on the library shelves, is carried out on the margin of the page against its title." V E RMO N T. THERE are a few school libraries in this State, but the Secretary of the Board of Education, J. S. Adams, Esq., writes (1859) that,;" hitherto no means have existed of gathering accurate statistics in reference to them. A recent enactment of the Legislature has made provision for collecting statistical information in regard to the schools." WISC ONSIN. BY Act of April 16, 1852, all incorporated academies and literary institutions in the State having a library of 300 volumes, are entitled to one copy of the Revised Statutes, one copy of the Session Laws of each session of the Legislature, one copy of the Journals of the Senate and WISCONSIN. 573 Assembly, one copy each of the Journals of two Constitutional Conventions, one copy each of all documents printed by order of the Legislature of the State, one copy each of the Revised Statutes, Laws, and Journals of the Council and House of Representatives of the Territory of Wisconsin, and the Reports of the decisions of the Supreme Court of the State. These documents are to be delivered by the State librarian within ninety days after publication. In 1854 there were 75 school-houses built of brick, 79 of stone, 1052 frame, 933 logs. Total 2139, valued at $347,542 55. In 1854, the number of district libraries was 830, containing 14,027 volumes. The largest number of volumes was in Rock County, 1687, and the least in Iowa County. More than half the counties had no libraries. Section 74 of the school law provides that " each town superintendent may, in his discretion, set apart a sum, not exceeding ten per cent. of the gross amount of the school money apportioned to any district, which shall be applied by such district to the purchase of school district libraries," &c. " Too little importance is attached to this subject generally."-Report of H. A. Wright for 1854. During 1854, $2040 89 were expended for school libraries. The highest sum was paid in Dodge County, $232 96, and the lowest in Waukesha, $15 12. In 29 counties nothing was expended, more than half the whole number in the State. In 1855, $4741 21 were expended in 27 counties. There were 1080 district libraries, containing 21,667 volumes. In 27 counties out of 50 there are libraries. Number of volumes lent during 1855, 11,481; the greatest number. in proportion to the number in libraries being in Marquette County. Amount of library fines collected, $12 16; expended'8 04. " I may state as the result of ten years' experience of our pr6sent district library system, that only about one-fourth of the districts have any libraries at all, and those generally so small as scarcely to deserve the name,-averaging less than nineteen volumes each,-and hence, utterly fail to fulfil the great mission of school libraries; that what few books are thus collected are procured at high prices of book peddlers, and but too generally relate to bandlitti and robbers, the Pirate's Ow:n Book, and other trashy and injurious works, which could only incite in the minds of children a desire themselves to become desperadoes. 574 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. " According to the present district plan, we have small and almost worthless libraries; by the township system, we should have large, attractive, and invaluable collections."-L. 0. Draper, Sup't Pub. Instrutction, Oct. 1.858. The State of Wisconsin has recently (March, 1859) enacted a new School Library Law, which has four prominent provisions, namely:" 1. It provides a permanent Town School Library Fund, by setting apart for this purpose ten per cent. of the School Fund Income, subject to apportionment in 1860, and annually thereafter, together with the proceeds of a special State tax, to be levied each year, of one-tenth of one mill on the dollar valuation of taxable property. " 2. It provides that this Fund shall be set apart specifically, for establishing and replenishing Town, School Libraries. " 3. It provides that the books for these Libraries shall be purchased by public authority, and not by the local School Boards as heretofore. " 4. It provides that an extra number of the State Laws, Journals, and Documents, sufficient to supply each Town and City School Library with a set, shall be printed by the State Printer, and delivered to the State Superintendent, and these shall be substantially bound, under the direction of the State Superintendent, with the approval of the Governor, at a cost not exceeding thirty cents per volume, to be paid out of the School Library Fund." Mr. Draper states: " There never was a measure involving new and additional taxation, that ever passed the Legislature with such unanimity. It passed both Houses most triumphantly, by a vote of 19 to 3 in the Senate, and 51 to 10 in the Assembly; or in the aggregate, by a vote of 70 to 13. I have no doubt that the men who supported this noble and beneficent measure, will long be remembered with honor and gratitude by an intelligent and appreciating people.' This School Library Fund will amount to at least $35,000 annually, and will gradually increase in proportion to the increase of the School Fund Income, and the increase of the taxable property of the State. There will be something like $18,000 a year from the School Fund Income; and one-tenth of a mill tax on the dollar valuation, on $175,000,000 of taxable property in the State, as equalized last year, would realize $17,500; if the taxable property should be equalized, as it may be, at two hundred millions, then the income from this special Library tax would amount to $20,000 annually. I should conclude, that the Library Fund will reach not less than $40,000 a year within WISCONSIN. 575 the next three years. But estimating it at $35,000 it would give, on an average, to each of the 650 towns and cities of the State $53 per year in books at wholesale rates; and deducting the probable pro rata for the cities and villages, there would be about $40, upon an average, to each of the rural towns. Estimating the present population of the State at 850,000, and dividing it by the number of towns and cities, we should have an average of 1333 persons for each town and city; and $40 or $50 per year in books, for this number, would appear but a very moderate investment. This amount, though small, will nevertheless afford a respectable beginning for a Town School Library, when we take into consideration that a similar amount will be added annually thereafter. "'I congratulate you and the State,' writes Henry Barnard,'that your Legislature has enabled you to inaugurate a true Library policyaltogether in advance, in its practical bearings and completeness, in time, of anything yet attempted.' It is, indeed, an advance upon the efforts of our sister States, all things considered; for taking the three States which have adopted the Township system, Wisconsin will raise more money, by nearly one-quarter, than Michigan, besides having the advantage of the State purchasing the books, instead of the Township Boards, as is done in Michigan; it is in advance of Ohio, whose Library Fund is provided by imposing the tenth of a mill tax, while ours is raised by the tenth of a mill tax, and one-tenth of the School Fund Income; and it is in advance of Indiana, not in the amount of tax raised, but in the permanency of the system, for in Indiana the Library Law is enacted to be in force only two years, and then has to pass the ordeal of securing a two years' renewal, and thus is subjected to the danger of overthrow by the caprice of the people, or through the mismanagement of those having it in charge. Our Wisconsin Library Law is in advance of all others in providing a copy of all State Laws, Journals, and Documents, substantially bound, for each School Library. "It is a noble and beneficent law; and will yet be regarded, when fully known, and its benefits begin to be realized, as the most important educational measure ever inaugurated in Wisconsin." 576 COMMON SCHOOL LIBRARIES. UPPER CANADA. IN connection with the schools there is established a system of FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES, which may be under the control of the local school, or municipal, authorities, and which is also supported by local tax, and an equal amount granted from the Public Library Fund. The manner of establishing these libraries is as follows: The Department issues a catalogue containing, at the present time, say 6000 volumes, which have been sanctioned by the Council of Public Instruction. A local school, or municipal, corporation makes an appropriation, and transmits the money, and a list of such books as it selects, to the Department. One hundred per cent. is then added to the amount, and books to the value of the two sums are forwarded from the Library Depository of the Department. A similar system is adopted in supplying the Grammar and Common Schools with maps, prints, globes, and other school and philosophical apparatus.l The whole number of volumes distributed by the Superintendent of Public Education, of Upper Canada, Dr. E. Ryerson, up to Dec. 31, 1858, has been 169,182, of the following classes:History,.. 29,430 Agriculture... 7,388 Zoology,.. 12,193 Manufactures,. 7,529 Botany,.. 2,200 Literature,.. 16,671 Natural Phenomena, 4,824 Voyages,.. 12,522 Physical Science, 3,788 Biography,.. 18,504 Geology and Mineralogy, 1,409 Practical Life,. 46,279 Natural Philosophy, 2,665 Teacher's Library, 1,833 Chemistry,.. 1,218 Agricultural Chemistry, 689 No. of Libraries,. 326 1 A Special Report on the School Law of Upper Canada, by Dr. Ryerson, Toronto, 1858, 76 pp. 8vo., gives full information on the whole subject of the Libraries, and comparisons with the systems of somle of the States. LOWER CANADA. 577 LOWER CANADA. WE have collected the following information from the able reports of Pierre J. O. Chauveau, Superintendent of Education. The Parish Libraries commenced in 1853, were ninety in number in 1855, and contained 47,703 volumes; ninety-two in 1856, with 57,493 volumes; ninety-six in 1857, with 60,510 volumes; not including the public libraries in Quebec and Montreal. Those intended for the use of the poorer classes of Montreal, and under the care of the Roman Catholic clergy, are composed of more than 12,000 volumes. The united libraries of the Superior Schools and Colleges, give a total of 78,300 volumes; in 1856, 96,823 volumes; in 1857, 113,142 volumes. The cost of the museums and of the apparatus for the classes of natural philosophy, amounts to ~12,750. The Seminaries of Quebec and Montreal, the two most ancient of the establishments, receive no assistance from the State. Their libraries, their cabinets, and their museums, do them great honor. SUNDAY SCHOOL IABRARIES. No account of the public libraries of the United States would be complete without a notice of those of the Sunday-schools, which are found in every part of the country, forming a leading feature of those established many years ago in the large cities, and now requiring hundreds of dollars annually, to keep up their value, as well as one of the first objects of the pioneer Christian settlers in our Western wilds, who avail themselves of the cheap but useful collections issued by the American Sunday School Union, and similar Societies. If we consider the immense influence which is exerted on the public mind by the publications which find their way from these libraries to the homes of the rich and the poor, the merchant and the laborer, and if we appreciate the impressions produced by the moral and religious truths thus taught, we shall have no difficulty in understanding the prevailing Christian sentiment, and the growth of the various denominations in the United States. Within a few years the publication of books for youth has greatly increased, and this has been stimulated by the formation of so many Sunday-school libraries, and the demand constantly made for nZew books. Every Sunday-school is obliged to replenish its stock every few years, as the books are worn out by use, and the character and extent of the library is generally regarded, especially by children, as a fair indication of the prosperity of the school. The American Sunday-school Union, during the year 1858, put into circulation two and a quarter millions of volumes, of 18mo. size, for these libraries. The American Baptist Publication Society printed a quarter of a million volumes; and the Southern Baptist Publication Society, about 28,000 volumes. In 1857, the nMethodist Sunday-school SUNDAY SCHOOL LIBRARIES. 579 Society issued 474,198 volumes. In 1858, the Presbyterian Board of Publication printed 463,750 volumes, and, since its formation, has issued 6,877,188 volumes. The returns of Sunday-school libraries, in the last United States' Census (1850), are hardly worth noticing, as they are so manifestly incorrect. These give 1988 libraries, with 542,321 volumes. Rev. Daniel Wise, of the Methodist Church, stated the number of volumes in the Sunday-schools of his denomination to be, in 1856, one mnillion. Hle estimated another million for the various Baptist sects; a third million for Presbyterian and Congregational; a fourth million for the Methodist Church South and the minor Methodist bodies; a fifth million for the Episcopalians, Unitarians, and all others. He thinks that to these estimates should be added, as many more, for question and hymn books, Bibles, Testaments, etc. Mr. Frederick A. Packard, so long connected with the American Sunday-school Union, has furnished the following remarks on this subject: " The whole subject of Sunday-school statistics is misrepresented by parties not meaning to err, but misled by superficial examination, or hasty conjectures. Some report the pupils enrolled; others, the number in attendance on a given day; others, the average for six months or a year. In the schools of cities and large towns, it is not unusual to find three or more schools connected with one church, each of which has a library of from 300 to 1000 volumes. In village schools, it is rare to find a Sunday-school library with less than 100 volumes. I have never seen a reaictble estimate of the total number of children connected with Sunday-sehools, which fixes it above 2,000,000. I think that is too high; but the last Report of the Methodist Sunday-school Union, returns 11,000 schools, in their connection, containing 600,000 pupils. We have usually considered 50 pupils as a reasonable average of the schools through the country. The average in the Methodist schools, as reported, would be a fraction higher. I made a calculation (before looking at their Report) that two millions of children, averaging 50 pupils to a school, would give 40,000 schools. This would not vary essentially fronm the reported statistics of the Methodist schools. My impression is, that if 11,000 schools, embracing 600,000 children, are connected with these schools, the total number in attendance upon such schools, in this country, at large, exceeds 2,000,000; for I do not think the Methodist schools embrace more than a fourth of all the attendance. 580 SUNDAY SCHOOL LIBRARIES. But I believe the Sunday-schools connected with Roman Catholic churches do not have libraries attached to them; and hence, perhaps, it may be safe to base an estimate of the number of volumes in the libraries, upon the two millions. We suppose that each of the 40,000 schools has a library of from 50 to 100 volumes-very few have less than 100 volumes (that number bound, lettered, and accompanied with catalogues, being obtained of the American Sunday-school Union, for $10), and very many have from 300 to 500 volumes, and not a few, 1000: I am inclined to think, that an average of 200 volumes, to every school, would not be far out of the way. This would give us a total of EIGHT MILLIONS Of volumes to the 40,000 schools. This estimate is confirmed by the Report of the Methodist school to which I have reference, which returns 2,000,000 of volumes to 600,000 pupils. The estimate would be fully borne out by the issues of volumes, annually published, for the special purpose of supplying such libraries. They cannot be less than 100 or 150 different books." According to the census, there were 38,183 places of public worship in the United States, and it is thought at least 30,000 of these had Sunday-schools in connection with them. An average of two hundred volumes to a library, which from various calculations we have concluded to be a moderate estimate, would give an aggregate of SIX MILLION volumes in the Sunday-school libraries of the United States. It is reasonable then to believe that there are at least six or seven millions of volumes in this class of libraries at the present time. For those who may wish to investigate this subject farther, the following statistics collected in the course of the preparation of this article are given. Had time permitted much more could have been obtained, but it is believed the estimate above would not be changed. Methodist Episcopal Sunday-schools (North). In 1855, 10,469 schools had 1,836,562 volumes. In 1858, 11,490 schools had 2,122,987 volumes. Methodist Protestant. 87 schools of the Maryland Conference report in 1858, 15,547 volumes. Baptist. In 1853, an effort was made to collect library statistics. Very partial returns were received, indicating 156,394 volumes in about 13 States. R. Holman, of the Southern Baptist Convention, in 1857, estimates the number of volumes in the Baptist schools, in the Southern States, at 100,000. In 1856, 150 schools of Baptist Churches, in Virginia, had 32,309 SUNDAY SCHOOL LIBRARIES. 581 volumes. The largest library being at Staunton, with 1000 volumes, and 17 having over 500 volumes each. In 1858, 25 schools of the Potomac Baptist Association had 6598 volumes. In 1858, 22 schools of the Maryland Baptist Union had 9532 volumes, the largest having 1483 volumes. In May, 1842, there were 433 schools connected with the Mass. S. S. Society, having 130,658 volumes. In 1857, 36 Protestant schools in Buffalo, N. Y., had 7380 volumes, the largest library having 890, and the smallest 100 volumes. In 1857, 16 schools in San Francisco, Cal., had 11,649 volumes. The largest library, 2100 volumes, belonged to a Congregational school. The second, 1800 volumnes, to a Presbyterian school. The smallest library contained 100 volumes. In 1857, the New York City S. S. Union reported 84,000 volumes in its schools. In 1857, there were 281 schools in Upper Canada with 67,165 volumes. Average 239. In Washington City, D. C., as we learn from the records of the S. S. Union, of this place, in 1850 there were 15 schools reporting 6370 volumes; in 1855, 25 reported 12,690 volumes, and in 1858, 32 schools had 13,592 volumes. The largest library had 1100 volumes, the smallest 200. From the reports for a number of years, it appears that the average number of volumes in the libraries in the Washington Sunday-schools is about 470. In Cincinnati, 0., the reports relative to 83 libraries in the Sabbath Schools were as follows: in 1855, 32,522 volumes; in 1856, 33)924. The largest library contained 1200 volumes, the smallest 60. Twentyfive libraries had over 500 volumes. MILITARY LIBRARIES. AN officer of the army furnished the following information, which was published in the "Notices of Public Libraries" by 3[Mr. Jewett. " Under authority of the' General Regulations for the Army,' libraries, consisting of newspapers, pamphlets, and bound books, are formed at most, if not all, the military posts occupied by our army. The fund for the purchase of these is accumulated by savings in the bake-houses on soldiers' bread, and taxes on the sutlers of the posts. "The number of volumes is generally but a few hundred, and not more than a thousand, probably, at any one of the largest posts; and the number is constantly varying, by the wear and tear of the books in the hands of soldiers, and by the interruptions occasioned very frequently of late by the removal of the troops or division of the companies comprising the garrison, as in all such cases, the detached troops are entitled to take with them their proportionate shares of the library. " The formation of these libraries, and the instituting of schools for the instruction of soldiers and children at the military posts, have had a very beneficial effect, in the education of those who, without these advantages, would never be able to read, and including an application of time to books which otherwise would be spent in idleness and indulgence in evil habits." The following facts have been supplied by Dr. R. H. Coolidge, U. S. A., in a letter, March 8, 1859. " The old regulation referred to in the above has been revoked. The fund arising frolm the savings on the flour ration, by taking the soldiers' bread at a post bakery, and from a tax upon the sutler, can, by present regulations, be expended for two objects only: First. The expenses of the bake MILITARY LIBRARIES. 583 house; Second. The expenses of the soldiers' children at the post school. Once in four months the unexpended balance is distributed to the several companies at the post, and constitutes, in part, the company fund, which the company officers expend for the comfort and benefit of the men. They may buy vegetables, pickles, &c. &c., or newspapers and books. " The money is raised from the savings of the soldiers' rations, and the present regulations give them the benefit thereof. In former times when libraries were formed, those who contributed to them seldom enjoyed them, for with the constant movements of troops, the books were necessarily left behind and sometimes not recovered for years. For example, the library of the Second Dragoons was boxed up two years since, and will probably remain at Leavenworth for years to come, that regiment being in Utah. I think the Sixth Infantry library has not been unboxed since the War with Mexico" LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. THE date of foundation refers to the formation of the library in all cases where it could be ascertained. The number of volumes is from the latest reports, and in most cases is for the years 1857-8. The * before the name denotes the libraries designated by members of the Senate and House of Representatives to receive the documents of the Government printed for the Thirty-fourth Congress, and distributed through the Department of the Interior. The' after the name, designates the libraries where full sets of the Government publications have been deposited by the Department of State, prior to the Thirty-fourth Congress, when the law was changed. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. ALABAMA. AUBURN,... *East Alabama Male College,. BELLEFONTE,. ~ Masonic Academy.. CENTRAL INSTITUTE, Central Institute,.. CLAYSVILLE,. ~ Marshall Institute,. EUFAULA,.. Eufaula Union Female College,. *Eufaula Law Library, FLIORENCE,.. Synodical Female College,. *Wesleyan College,. 1830 2,000 GREENSBORO,.. Female College, e 18.4... Southern University,.. HAVANA,.. Green Springs School,. 2,500 HUNTSVILLE,.. Female College,... LAFAYETTE,.. Female College,... Male High School... LAGRANGE,.. Lagrange College,*.. 5,529 Southern Female College, 586 LIST OF LIBRARIES1 ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. MARIoN,... Howard College/*.. 1845 2,200 Howard Theological Institute, 1845 1,000 Judson Female Institute MOBILE,.. e Asylum for the Blind, *Franklin Society,.. 1835 2,500 Mechanics' Institute,. Presbyterial Academy, Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1856 300 IONTGOMERY,.. State Agricultural Society,. Supreme Court and State Library,. MOULTON,.. Muscle Shoals Bap. Female Inst., 1852 500 OAK BOWRY,.. Oak Bowry Female College,. ROBINSONS, SPRINGS, Deaf and Dumb School,.. 1852 SALEM,... Female Institute,. SELMA,... Masonic University,. Young Men's Christian Assoc. SOMERVILLE.. Academy,. SPRING HILL,.. Spring Hill College,*... 1830 8,000 Ecclesiastical Seminary.. STMM IERFIELD,.. Summerfield Institute, TALLADEGA,. *. Male High School, TuscALoosA,.. Alabama Historical Society,. 1850 Insane Hospital,... Observatory,.. *University of Alabama,*. 1831 7,000 Erosophic Society,.. 2,500 Law School,. TuSCUMBIA,.. Philomathic Society,. 1832 2,500 TUSKEGEE,.. Literary and Scientific Cluls, Classical and Scientific Institute. WINCHESTER,. East Alabama Female Colleg. Female College,. ALRKANSAS. ARRADELPHIAI.. Female Institute, Male Institute,. BATESVILLE,'.. Institute,. Makemie College,. BoONSBORO,.. Cane Hill College... CAMDEN,... Female Institute, Hartwell's Academy,. EAGLETOWN (C. N.), Choctaw National Library. ELD O RAD o,.. Monticello Library,. FAYETTEVILLE,. *Arkansas College,. Agricultural Society... FORT STITH... College of St. Andrew. HELENA,... Female Institute,... ARIANSAS- CALIFORNIA. 587 Place. Name of Institution. Fouded. Volumes. LITTLE ROCK.. Lyceum Library,. -..... 1,000 St. John's College,... State Library,.... VAN BUREN,.. Young Men's Library,.. CALIFORNIA. COLD SPRING,. Cold Spring Library,. DOWnNIEVILLE,.'. Downieville Library Association, MARYSVILLE,. Marysville Library,.. 1855 2,500 Mercantile Library Association, 1856 2,000 MONTEREY.. Monterey Library Association, 1849 2,500 NAPA CITY,. Napa City Library,... 1857 NEVADA,.. Nevada Library Association, 1857 1,000 OAKLAND,. Lyceum,. 1855 OIROVILLE.. Oroville Library,.. 1857. PETALUMA,. Liberty Library,.... 1856 350 PINE GROVE,.. Pine Grove Library,.. 1856 500 SACRAMENTO,..01 Denver's Library,. Lyceum,. Odd Fellows' Library,. 1855 2,050 Pioneer Association,.. 1854 500 Sacramento Library Association, 1857 4,561 State Agricultural Society,. State Library,*.. i1850 11,000 SAN FRANCISCO,. Academy of Natural Sciences,. 1853 200 Cal. Society of Natural History, 1856 200 Hebrew Y. M. Association,.. 1855 500 Mechanics' Institute,... 1855 2,000 Mercantile Library Association,"' 1852 10,200 Monumental Engine Company,. 1850 500 Odd Fellows' Library,.. 1856 5,000 Sansome Hook and Ladder Co.,. 1850 1,000 Society of California Pioneers, 1854 1.200 St. Mary's Association, 1855 1:000 Superintendent Pub. Instruction, 1850 750 U. S. Navy Yard, Verein Association, 1851 3,000 What Cheer,... 1856 1,600 Young Men's Christian Assoc, 1854 1,488 SAN JOSE,. Academy Notre Dame, 1857 3,000 Pacific University,. Young Men's Literary Assoc., 1856 1,000 SANTA CLARA,. Santa Clara College,.. 1857 8,000 University of the Pacific, Archanian Society,. Hesperian Society,. SANTA INES,.. College of Nva Sva de Guadalupe, 1844 853 588 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. SONORA,. *TUOlumne Co. Scientific Society,. 1857 1,200 STOCKTON,.. State Insane Asylum,.. 1855 Odd Fellows,.. 1855 400 Society of Natural History,. 1856 300 Stockton Library Association,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1855 76 CONNECTICUT. ASH1FORD.. Ashford Academy,. BIRMINGHAM,.. Young Men's Institute,.. 1857 103 Public School Library,. BRIDGEPORT,..*Bridgeport Library,. Golden Hill Library,. BROOKLYN,. Library,. COLCHESTER,. Bacon Academy, CPOMWELL,. Friendly Association,... 1810 600 EAST WINDSOR1, Theological Institute,... 1833 6,400 Athenleum. Nettleton Rhetorical Society, Society of Inquiry.. GREENWICH,.. Greenwich Academy,. GUILFORD,.. Guilford Academy. HADDAM,... Haddam Library. HARTFORD,. American Library,. Am. Asylum for Deaf and Dumb, Ct. Society of Natural History,. Hartford County Law Library,. 1854 500 Hartford Eng. and Class. Acad.,. Hartford Feimale Seminary, Hartford Grammar School.. Historical Society of' Conn.,0*. 1839 8,000 Pavilion Family School. Retreat for the Insane,. State Agricultural Society,. *State Library,*.... 1854 6,000 State Teachers' Association, Trinity College,... 1801 6,000 Athenseum,.... 1824 3,625 Parthenon,... 1827 2,800 Watkinson Library,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1852... *Young Men's Institute,.. 1838 11,611 LITCHFIELD,.. Litchfi'd Co. Hist. and Antiq. Soc., MIDDLETOWN,.. Berkeley Divinity School,.. 1854. WVesleyan University,*.. 1831 6,850 Peithologian,., 1831, 0 Philorbetorian, CONNECTICUT. 589 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. MIDDLETOWN,.. Young Men's Literary Assoc.,. MILFORD,.. Milforcd High School,. NEW BRITAIN,.. Collegiate Institute,. 1 1853 1 600 State Normal School,.. 1849 750 Young Men's Ch'n and Social Un., NEW HAkVEN,.. American Oriental Society,.. 1843 2,000 Classical and Scientific Boarding and Day School,. Collegiate and Commercial Inst., Ct. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, 1799 English and Classical BoardingSchool for Boys,. Grove Hall Female Seminary,. Hopkins Grammlar School,.. 1660 Select Classical Boarding School for Boys,... *Yale College,*... 1700 3G,6000 Brothers in Unity Society, 1. 768 12,500 Linonian Society,. 1753 12500 Observatory,.. Law School,.. 1820 Medical Institute,. 1813 5,000 Scientific School,.. Theological Department, 1822 J York Square Seminary,. Younng Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 Young Men's Institute,. 1841 7,769 NEW LONDON,.. Female Literary and Scientific In., Young Men's Christian Assoc.. *Younug Men's Library Assoc.,. 1840 1,900 NEWTOWN,.. Newtown Academy,. NORTH GREENWICH. North Greenwich Academy, NORFOLK,.. Norfolk Library, NORWALK,.. Norwalk Public High School, NORWICH,.. Norwich Free Academy,. 1856 Otis Library,.. 1850 4,800 Young Men's Christian Assoc., PLAINFIELD,. ~ Plainfield Academy, PUTNAM,... Putnam Library Association, SOUTHINGTON,.. Lewis Academy,. STAMFORD,.. Boys' Boarding School, Boys' Boarding and Day School,. STONINGTON,.. High Street School, SUFFIELD, ~. Connecticut Literary Institution,. WATERBURY,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 WEST CORNWALL,. Cream Hill Agricultural School, 1845 WEST KILLINGLY,. West Killingly Academy, WEST MERIDEN,. State Reform School,.. 1854 1,300 WETHERSFIELD,. State Prison,. 1,000 WINTHROP,.. Institute for Young Ladies, 590 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. N Xame of Institution. iFounded. Volumes. DELAWARE. DOVER,.. Public Library,. State Library,... 1837 4,000 GEORGETOWN,.. Academical Rhetorical Library,. 1854 225 Library of Georgetown.. NEWARK,... Delaware College,*. 1833 9,000 Adelphic Society, Delta Phi Literary Society,. 1835 1,060 NEW CASTLE,. Ashmun Institute,. *New Castle Library Company,. 1812 3,800 SMIRNA,.. Smyrna Library Association, 1858 2,000 WILMINGTON,.. Od Fellows Library,. St. Mary's College,.. 1847 4,600 Wesleyan Female College,* 1857 800 The Iris,.... 600 Wilmington Institute (formerly Library Company of Wilming- 1788 5 000 ton and Young Men's Association. United in 1858), J FLORIDA. APALACHICOLA,. "Chamber of Commerce,. JACIKSONVILLE, Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1857 30 KNOX HILL,. Knox Hill Acaderny,. KEY WEST,. Library Association,... MsADISON,. Madison Academy.. Female Seminary,. MONTICELLO,.. Collegiate Institute,. PENSACOLA,.. Academy,. Collegiate Institute,... Naval Hospital,. 1847 1,337 ST. AUGUSTINE,. Historical Society of Florida,. 1857 Judicial Library... 2,000 TALsLAHASSEE.. Academy, Leon Lodge, No. 5,. State Library,*.. 1854 6500 GEORGIA. ATHENS,.. Lucy Cobb Institute,. i+University of Georgia, and Franklin College,*.... 1831 13,000 GEORGIA. 591 Place. Name of Institution. 1 Founded.l Volumes. ATHENS,... Demosthenian Society,. 1801 2,700 Phi Kappa Society,. 1820 2,300 ATLANTA,.. Atlanta Medical College, 1.854 State Agricultural Society,. 1846 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 AUGUSTA. Medical College of Georgia, 1853 3,500 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 *Young Men's Library Assoc., 1848 3,500 Fernale Seminary,. CASSVILLE,.. Cherokee Baptist College,*.. 1854 563 Alpha Pi Delta Society, 600 CAVE SPRING,.. Deaf and Dumb Asylum. Female Seminary,. Hearn. School. CEDXRTOWN.. Woodland Female College,. COLUMBUS,.. Female Seminary,.. *-Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1856... COVINGTON,.. Female Seminary,... CUTHBERT,.. Baptist Female College,. FORSYTH. Hilliard Male Institute. Monroe Female University, GREENEVILLE,.. Library of the Superior Court. GREENSBOROUGH,. Female College, GRIFFIN,... Marshall College,.. 1853 50 Martin's Farm School,.. 1 857 Synodical Female College,. LA GRANGE,. Brownwood Institute, South. Georgia Female College,. LUMPIIN,.. Masonic Female College, MACON, ~. Institution for the Blind,..1852 Reform Medical College,. Wesleyan Female College,*. 1839 1,500 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1855 800 MADISON,... Georgia Female College,. MIARIETTA,. Military Institute. MIDWAY,... Lunatic Asylum, MILLEDGEVILLE,. Oglethorpe University,:. i 1838 4,500 Phi Delta,.... 1,000 Thalian.... 1000 State Library,*.. 1847 6,000 MONTPELIER,. Montpelier College,. NEWNAN,.. College Temple Library,. OXFORD e *Emory College,*.... 1839 5, 000 Few Society,... 725 Phi Gamma,.960 PENFIELD,.. Female Academy. Mercer University* 1838 5,500 Theological Department, 1833 PERRY,... Houston Female College,. RoME,... Female College,. 592 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETO. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. SAVANNAH,.. Chatham Academy,. Hist. Soc. and Savannahl Library,* 1839 9,000 Massic School,. Oglethorpe Medical College, 1853 Public School,. Savannah Medical College,. 1853 807 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1855 800 Young Men's Literary Assoc., 1855 431 SPARTA,.. Academy,. Female Seminary,. TALBOTTON,. Academy,. Female Seminary,. THOtMASVILLE,. Fletcher Institute,. 4 IILLINOIS. ALEDO,..Mercer Collegiate Institute, ALTON,. Alton Library Association,.. 1852 1,000 Ill. Literary and Historical Soc.,. Illinois Penitentiary,. ATHENS,.. Philo Franklin Literary Society,. 1855 AURORA,.. e Literary and Historical Society,. 1858 400 BELLEVILLE,.. German Library,.. 1836 2,066 BELVIDERE,. Library Association,. BLOOMINGTON,...*Normal University,. 1857 1.500 CANTON... Library Association,. CARBONDALE. *Cllege,... Library Association,.1857.. CHICAGO,.. Bell's Commercial College,. 1854 2,000 Chicago High School,.. 413 XChicago Historical Society,.. 1856 6,000 Chicago Theological Seminary,. 1855 710 Excelsior Society,... 1846 2,250 Law Library,. Mechanics' Institute,.. 1843 4,000 Rush Medical College,.. 1841 200 University of Chicago,.. 1857 1,000 Univ. of St. Mary's of the Lake, Young Men's Association,.. 1841 4,000 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858 DANVILLEJ. D. anville Seminary,. DIxo,N... Dixon Collegiate Institute,. EDGINGTON,. C. irculating Library,.... 400 EVANSTON.. Garrett Biblical Institnte. Northwestern University,.. 1857 2,030 FREEPORT,.. Freeport Academy,. Garrett Biblical Institute,. ILLINOIS. 593 Place. -Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. GALEA,... Classical Institute,. Galena Academy,. Young Men's Association., GALESBURG,.. Knox College,. 1844 3,000 Adelphi Society,.. 1845 401 GEORGETOWN,.. Georgetown Seminary, GODFREY,. Monticello Female Seminary, 1838 1,100 HlLLsBoao,.. Hillsboro College,. JACKSONVILLE.. Illinois Conference Female Ceoll., *Illin.ois College, *.. 1830 3,000 Societies,... 1,500 Institution for Deaf and Dumb. Institution for the Blind,.. 1849 State Hospital for the Insane, KNOXVILLE,.. Library Association,. LAWRENCEVILLE. *Lawrence County Library,. LEBANON,... McKendree College,*... 1835 3,000 Philosophian Society,.. 1837 2,000 Platonian Society,. 1. 849 160 MACO-MB,... McDonough College,.. 1849 MARENGOY.. Marengo Collegiate Institute. MATRION... Marion Academy,. McLEANSBoRo,. McLeansboro Library Association, 1857 200 MONMOUTH,.. Monmouth College,.. MOUNT CARMEL,. Nashville Academy,.. MOTUNT CARROLL,. Mount Carroll Seminary.. MOUNT lMORRIS,. Rock River Seminary,* NASHVILLE,.. Nashville Academy,... Washington County Library,. OLNEY,. * Olney Library,.. PARIs,... Edgar Academy,.. Paris Methodist Seminary, PEORIA1, *. *Peoria City Library,. 1856 2,900 Peoria University,*. 1855 Wesleyan Seminary,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858 PRINCETON'.. Union High School,... QUINCY,.. Quincy Library, 1841 2,172 *Quincy Seminary,... 1855 ROBIN'S NEST,.. Jubilee College,.. 1841 3,200 ROCKFORD,.. Public Library,. Rockford Academy,. ROCK ISLAND,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1856 SHELBYVIILE,.. Shelby Seminary,. SPRINGFIELD,.. Illinois State University,. 1852 1,000 Philomathean Society,.... 100 Utilior Society,... 100 State Agricultural Society, State Library,*.. 1845 4,000 Young Ladies' Institute. 38 594 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded, Volumes. SPRINGFIELD,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858 ST. CHARLES,.. St. Charles Library,. STERLING,.. Sterling Library Assoc... 300 UPPER ALTON,.. *Shurtleff College*.. 1835 2,000 Alpha Zeta Society, 1848 250 Society of Moral and Religious Inquiry,. WARSAW,.. IHancoCk Library Assoc.,.. 1857 149 WAUKEGAN,.. -X'au.kegan Academy,. WREATON,.. Illinois Institute, INDIANA. ANNAPOLIS,.. Manual Labor School, BLOOMIINGTON,,. Indiana State University,.. 1854 1,080 Athenian Society,. 1830 392 Law Department, Philomathean Society,.. 1829 400 Monroe County Library,. BROOKIVILLE,.. Brookville College, BROWNSTOWN,.. Jackson County Library,. CANNELTON,.. Working Men's Institute,. CEaTREVILLE,.. White Water College,.... 600 CONNERSYILLE,. Mechanics' and Working Men's Institute.... CORYDON,. H. arrison County Library,. CRAWF ORDSVILLE,. *Wabash College, *.. 1839 4,000 Calliopean Society,. 1847 1,753 Lyceum Society,.. 184 1,658 CROWN POINT,.. Institute,. DANVILLE,. M.'cClure Working Men's Assoc., DUNLAPSVILLE,. Presbyterian College,. EVANSVILLE,. Evansville Library Assoc.,. 1857 1,650 Vanderburg County Library,.1852 2,540 Young Men's Christian Assoc., FoRT WAVYNE,.. Fort Wayne College,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,.1858 FRANKLIN,.. Franklin College,.. 1844 600 GOSH:EN,.. Union School. GRANT,... Grant County Library, GREENCASTLE,. Indiana Asbury University,*. 183o7 6,459 Law Department, Philological Society,.. 1,500 Platoneon Society,... 2,000 Asbury Female Seminary,. GREENSBURG,.. Public Library,. HARTSVILLE,.. Hartsville University,.. INDIANA. 595 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. INDIANAPOLIS,.. Indiana Female College,..lndiana Historical Society,*. 1831 450 Indiana Hospital for the Insane,. Indiana Inst. Deaf and Dumb,. 1854 1,500 Indiana State Board of Agricult., Institution for the Blind,. 1847 Marion County Library,. McClean Female Institute.. Northwest Christian University,. State Library,*... 1825 20,000 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1854 500 LAFAYETTE. Farmer's Institute,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1855 250 LANCASTER,.. Eleutherian College,... 1855 LAPORTE,.. Indiana Medical College,. *McClure Working Men's Library. LAWRENCEBURG. Public Library,. LEXINGTON,.. Scott County Library, LOGANSPORT,. Ladies' Sigourney Library,. 1848 1,100 *MecClure Worlking Men's Library. Seminary,. MADISON,.. Library Association,*-. 1854 2,495 MANCHESTER,.. Manchester Academy, MARIoN,... College of Indiana,. MISHAWARA,.. Mishawaka Institute,... 1854 800 MOORE'S HILL,. *College. MUNCIETOWN,. *"Working Men's Library, NEW ALBANY.. Inlldiana Asbury Female College, Theological Seminary,*. 1. 831 4,500 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1855 1,000 NOTRE DAMIE DU LAC, St. Mary's Library, University of Notre Dame,*.. 1842 2,500 ORLEANS,. N. E. Indiana Literary Institute,. PERU,.. Peru Institute,. PORTLANTD,.. *Liber College,. PRINCETON,.. Gibson County Library, RICHnIOND,.. Manual Labor and Working Men's Institute,... 1855 873 Greenmount College,. Friend's College, ROCKVILLE, *.. -Parke County Library,. RUSHVILLE,.. Fairview Seminary, SOUTH BENI),.. McClure Working Men's Institute, 1856 500 South Bend Academy, SOUTH HANOVER, I Hanover College,*.. 1827 3,000 Philalethean Society,.. 1840 1,265 Society of Religious Inquiry, Union Literary Society,. 1830... Mechanics' Library,...' 150 SULLIVAN,. Sullivan County Library,. 596 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. TERra IHAUTE,.. McClure Workingl Men's Institute. TERRE HAUTE,.. St. Mary's College,. VALPARAISO,.. Academy,. VINCENNES,.. Catholic Diocesan Library,. 1835 14,000 Public Library,.. 1806 1,783 Working Men's Institute,.. 1856 450 *Vincennes University,.. 1858 103 WABASH,.. *McClure Mechanics' Institute,. IOWA. BURLINGTON,.. Burlington University,.. 1854 1,500 Iowa Hist. and Geol. Institute,. 1853 600 DAVENPORT,.. *Iowa College,... 1850 2,300 (Removed, 1858, to Grinnell, Iowa.) Public Library,. Scott County Library,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 Young Men's Literary Assoc.,.1853 1,200 DES MOINES,.. Agricultural College,. Central College of Iowa,. 1855 Iowa State Agricultural Society. State Library,*. 1839 4,881 DUBUQUE,.. Alexander College,. High School, Mt. St. Bernard's Theol. Sem., St. Joseph's Seminary. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1856. FAIRFIELD F. ~ Fairfield Library,. Fairfield University,. FAYETTE, ~. Fayette County University. IoWA CITY.. Deaf and Dumb Asylum,. 1854 Iowa State University,*.. 1855 200 Institution for the Blind, 1853. State Historical Society, KEOKUK,... Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons. KEOSANQUA,.. Keosankla Library Association. MOUNT PLEASANT,. *Iowa Wesleyan University,. 1850 Asylum for Insane,. MUSCATINE,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc. PELL,... Central University of Iowa,. 1857 300 WASHINGTON,. Washington College,. WEST POINT,.. Des Moines College,. 1850 450 Union Literary Society, KENTUCKY. 597 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. KENTUCKY. AUGvSTA,. *Augusta College,.. 1822 3,000 BARDSTOWN. St. Joseph's College,*.. 1824 5,000 Junior Students' Library,. 650 Sophoporan Society,.. 350 Students' Library,.. 685 BLENDON,.. Central College,. BOWLING GREEN,. Southern College,. COLUMBIA,.. High School,. Talbot Library,. COVINGTON,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1857 DANVILLE,.. *Centre College,. 1825 2,000 " Society,... 1,700' " "l. B... 1,700 r ~1..... 1,700 Danville Theological Seminary,. 1853 2,000 Institution for Deaf and Dumb,. 1822 DRENNON SPRINGS,. Western Military Institute, ELKTON,... Green River Academy,. FLEMINGSBURG. Fleming County Seminary, FRANKFORT,.. High School,..1855 300 State Agricultural Society, State Library,*.. 1834 10000 FRANKLIN SPRINGS,. Kentucky Military Institute,. 1846 1,600 GEORGETOWN,.. Female Collegiate Institute,. 1,500 Georgetown College,*. 1837 6,000 Adelphi Society... 300 Ciceronian,. 1841 1,000 Tau Theta Kappa,. 700 Theological Institute,.. 1840 GLASGOW,.. Urania College,. GREENEVILLE,.. Female Academy. Presbyterial College,.1849 1,300 HARDINGSURG,. Mt. Alba Female College,. HARRODSBURG. Bacon College,*.. 625 " Society, 950 HARTFORD,. *Hartford Seminary,. HOPRINSVILLE,. Library Association,. 1857 3,000 Western Lunatic Asylum, LEBANON,.. Female Seminary,. *St. Mary's College,... 5,000 LEXINGTON,.. Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Kentucky Ag. and Mech. Assoc., *Lexington Library,.. ~ 11,000 Normal School,.. 1856. Transylvania University,*.. 1798 12,000 598 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. LEXINGTON,. TransylvanliaUniversity, Society,1 r'... 2,000 Law Department, Medical Department,. 1819 8,000 LOUISVILLE,.. Female College,*. Franklin Literary Assoc.,.11 Institution for the Blind,.. 1842 Kentucky Historical Society,. 1838 1,410 Law Dep't Univ. of Louisville. Law Library, 1,352 Louisville Library,... 1848 3,500 *Mechanics' Institution,.. 1853 7,000 Medical Dep't Univ. of Louisville, 1837 1,000 Mercantile Library Association,... 4,500 Southwestern Agricultural and Mechanical Association, University of Louisville,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1853 MAYSVILLE,.. Female Institute, Maysville Library,. Odd Fellows' Library, MILLERSBrURG,.. Male and Fem. Collegiate Inst.,. 1852 500 MOUNT STERLING. *AtheneLm and Library Assoc.,. Odd Fellows' Library, NEW CASTLE,.. Henry Female College, OWENSVILL,.. Academy,.... PADUCAH,. Mechanics' Institute,. Paducah College,*... 1855 750 * Paducah Library,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858 PRINCETON,.. Cumberland College,.. 1826 1,210 PRESTONBURG,. ~ Literary and Scientific Assoc.,. Seminary,. RICHMOND,.. Madison County Library,. ROCHESTER,,. Gasper Academy,. RUSSELLVILLE,.*Bethel College,.. 1856 3,000 Underwood Library,. SHELBYVILLE,.. Kentucky Female College,. Shelby College,*... 1841 4,000 Observatory,. Phi Mu Society,...... STAMPING GROUND,. Stamping Ground Female Acad., Stamping Ground Male Acad.,.. LOUISIANA-MAINE. 599 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. LOUISIANA. ALGIERS,... Library and Lyceum,. BATON ROUGE,.. Baton Rouge College,*. 1,000 College of St. Peter and St. Paul, 1838 300 Deaf and Dumb, and Blind Asylum,... 1852 State Library,*.. 1838 14,020 BELIZE,... Association of Pilots, BELLVIEVW. Bellview Library, BRINGIERS,.. Bacon College,..... Jefferson College,... 6,000 COVINGTON,.. Academy,... GRAND COUTEAU,. St. Charles College,* 1838 6,000 JACKSON,... Centenary College of La.,*. 1845 3,000 Society,... 1,600 ".... 1,600 Insane Asylum of Louisiana,. LA FoURCHEn.. Ecc. Sem. of St. Vincent of Paul. MINDEN,.. Minden Female College,. MOUNT LEBANON,. Female Institute,... *Mt. Lebanon University,.. 1853... NATCHITOCHES,. St. Joseph's College,. NEW ORLEANS,. Fisk Free Library,. 184 7,000 Jesuits' College,. 1849 2,000 *Library and Lyceum Society (Public School),... 1844 10,000 *Mechanics' Society,. Medical College,. *'Mercautile Library Association,. 1857 New Orleans Acad. of Sciences,. Southern Agricultural Society of Louisiana,. University of Louisiana,*.. 1849 1,000 Med. Department,.. 1835 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1852 360 OPELOUSAS, F. Franklin College,... 1839 PLAQUEMIINE,.. Parochial College,. POINTE COUPEE,. Poydras College, SHREVEPORT,.. Male Institute,. ST. JAMES,.. Louisiana College.3.,000 ST. MARTINVILLE,. Attakapas College,. WASHINGTON,.. Washington College,... 1795 1,800 MAINE. ALFRED VILLAGE,. Alfred Academy, ANSON,.. Anson Academy,.. 1823... 600 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place.. Namre of Institution. Founded. Volumes. ATIENXS,... Somerset Academy,. AUBURN,... Lewistown Falls Academy,. AUGUSTA,. Corinna Union Academy,. 1851 State Board of Agriculture, State Library,.... 1836 7600 Vaughan and McClellan Libra l 18421 { 00 ries, Maine Insane Hospital, 1847 1,100 BANGOR,.. Mechanics' Association,.. 1828 2,000 *Mercantile Library Association,. 1843 4,500 Theological Seminary,.. 1820 10,200 Society of Inquiry,. BATH,. Patten Library Association,.2,000 Youngr Men's Christian Assoc. Young Men's Debating Club,. 1853 201 BELFAST, O *Social Library,. BELGRADE,.. Titcomb Academy. BENTON,... Benton Institute,. 1837... BETHEL,... Gould's Classical and English School,..... 1836 BIDDEPORD,.. York Mechanics' Institute,.. 1841 3,100 BLOOIFIELD,. Bloomfield Academy,... 1810 BLUEHILL,.. Bluehill Academy,... 1803 BIRUNSWICK,..'Bowdoin College,*.. 1802 14,300 Alpha Delta Phi Society,. Athenweum,... I 1836 5,500 Chi Psi,. Delta Kappa Epsilon, Peucinian, 1805 6,720 Phi Beta Kappa, Psi Upsilon, IHistorical Society of Maine,. 1829 500 MedicaI School of Maine,.. 1820 3,400 BUCKSPORT,. *East Maine Conference Seminary, Mechanics' Library Association,. Social Library, 1806 1,350 CALAIS,... Calais Academy,... 1850 Calais Literary Club,... 1827 1,423 CAPE ELIZABETH,. State Reform School,... 1853 CASTINE,... Public Library,. 1855 572 CHARLESTOWN,. Charlestown Academy. CHIERRYFIELD.. Cherryfield Academy,. 1829 CHINA,... China Academy, EASTPORT,.. Athenteum. 1832 1,900 Eastport Library,.1,700 EAST CHINA,. East China High School,. EAST CORNISH, East Cornish Academy,.. 1845. EAST MACHIAS, Washington Academy,.. 1792. FARmINGTONI,. Farmington Academy,.. 1807. First Unitarian Society,. i1852 350 FoXCROFT,. Foxcroft Academy,... 1823 MAINE. 601 Place. Name of Institution, Founded. Volumes. FREEDOM,.. Freedom Academy,. FRYEBURG,. ~ Fryeburg Academy,. 1792 GARDINER,. Athenmum,.1,800 *Lyceum,*. Mechanics' Association,. 1841 2,250 GoRHIA,.. Gorham Male Academy, Maine Female Seminary,.. 1850... HA I.LOWELL,. Social Library, 1843 1,720 HA-MPDEN,.. Hampden Academy,. HARTLAND,.. Hartland Academy,. HEBRON,.. Hebron Academy,.. 1804 HOULTON,.. Houlton Academy,.. 1847... Forest Club,.. 1849 500 KENT'S HILL,.. Maine Wesleyan Seminary,. Calliopean Society,. 1835 1,600 LEE,... Normal Institute,.. 1845 LEWISTON FALLS,. Harper Library,.. 1,000 Lewiston Falls Academy,. LEWISTON.. Maine State Seminary,. 1857 LINCOLN,... Mattanawcook Academy,. LIBMERICK,.. Limerick Academy,... 1808 LIMINGTON,.. Limington Academy,.. 1848 LITCHFIELD CORNER, Litchfield Academy,... 1845 500 MACHIAS,.. Social Library,.... 1820 620 MONSON,... MOnson Academy,.. 1847 MONMOUTH,. ~ Monmouth Academy,... NEW CASTLE,.. Lincoln Academy,. NORTH BRIDGETON,. Bridgeton Academy,. NORWAY,... igh School and Academy, ORRINGTON,.. Social Library,. PaRIs,... Paris Hill Academy,. PARSONFIELD,.. Parsonfield Academy,.. 1832 PATTEN,.. ~ Patten Academy, PORTLAND,.. Athensum,"*... 1827 8,550 *-Mechanic's Library,... 1820 2,200 Mercantile Library Association,. 1851 1,550 Society of Natural History,*. 1843 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1853 607 ROBBISTON,. Lyceum,. Young Men's Liberal Lib. Assoc., 1854 120 ROCKLANDn.. Athenseum:... 1850 1,600 SAco,... Athenaeum,. 1844 1,829 Mechanics' Institute,.. 3,000 Young Men's Christian Assoc., SOITH BERWIcK,. South Berwick Academy,. t 1791 100 SOUTHI PARIS,.. Oxford Normal School,.. 1848. STANDIS1,.. Standish Academy,.. 1848. THOMASTON,.. Ladies' Home Library,. 1851 625 Public Library,. State Prison,..... 225 602 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. TOPSHAM,.. Franklin Family School,.... VASSALBORO,.. Oak Grove School,. 1850... WARREN,.. Warren Academy,. WATERVILLE,.. Waterville Academy,.. 1808. *Waterville College,*... 1820 10,500 Delta Kappa Epsilon,. Erosophian Adelphi,.. 2,500 Literary Fraternity,. 1828 3,000 Zeta Psi,. Waterville Liberal Institute,. WESTBROOK,. Westbrook Seminary,. 1831. WINTHROP,.. Towle Academy, YARMOUTT,.. North Yarmouth Academy,.. Yarmouth Institute,... 1851... MARYLAND. ANNAPOLIS,.. St. John's College,.. 1784 3,292 State Library,*.. 1826 20,000 U. S. Naval Academy,0*.. 1845 7,500 BALTIMORE,.. Baltimore Female College,.. 1849 3,000 Catholic Institute,. Institution for the Blind,. 1854 A Law Library,.... 1,000 Loyola College, 19,600 Manual Labor School for Boys, 1840 600 -Maryland Historical Society,*. 1843 17,400 Maryland Hospital for Insane, Maryland Institute,. ~ 1847 11,000 Mechanics' Institute,.. 1,000 Mechanical Fire Company, 1839 2,200 Medical Dep't Univ. of Maryland, 1807 1,000:Mercantile Library Association,. 1839 14,060 Mount Hope Instit. for Insane,.'-Odd Fellows' Library,.. 1840 12,584 Patapsco Fire Company,.... 1,000 Peabody Institute,. State Agricultural Society, St. Mary's College,*.. 1809 13,000 Washington Medical College,. 1827. Youngn Men's Christian Assoc., 1856 1,200 BROOKEVILLE,.. Brookeville Academy,. 900 CATONSVILLE,.. St. Timothy Hall, CAMBRIDGE,. Cambridge Library Association, CHIRLOTTE HALL,. Charlotte Hall School,.. 1796 1,560 CHESTERTOWN,.'Washington CoTlege,*.. 1783 2,000 Mount Vernon Society,. 1847 100 MARYLAND-MASSACHUSETTS. 603 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. CHURcH CREEK,. Library Association,... 1858 COLL. OF ST. JAMES, *College of St. James,.. 1845 5,000 Belles-Lettres Society,. 1845 1,480 Irving Society,... 1847 1,640 Waverley Society,.85.. 0 CUMBERLAND,.. American Library Association,. EAST BALTIMORE,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858... EASTON,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1857 900 ELLICOTT'S MILLS,. St. Charles College,.. 1848 600 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1854 455 EIJiMETTSBURGI,.. M[t. St. Mary's College,*. 1830 4,000 Students' Library,... 600 FREDERICK CITY,. Frederick Female Seminary,. 1846 1,000 NEW WINDSOR, Calvert College,.1852 2,000 Social Library,. 1840 550 OWENSVILLE,.. West River Institute,.. 1851 400 ROCKVILLE,.. Montgomery County Library Association. Rockville Academy, SANDY SPRING,. Sandy Spring Library Company, 184]1 700 UPPER MARLBORO,. *Upper Marlboro Academy,. URBANA... Shirley Female Institute,. WEST RIVER,.. Classical Institute,... 400 MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST,.. Amherst College,.. 1821 12,000 " (Societies),. 8,000 Observatory,. Mount Pleasant Institute, ANDOVER,.. Abbott Female Seminary,. 1829. English High School,..800 Philips Academy, 1780 1,000 Punchard Free School,. 1856 50 Theological Seminary, 1808 22,700 Porter Rhetorical Society,... 2,600 Society of Inquiry,.. 1,349 ASHFIELD,.. Sanderson Academy,.. 1821. AUBURNDALE,.. Lassell Female Seminary,.. 1853.. BEDFORD,... Family Boarding School for Boys, BERNARDSTON.. Goodall Academy,..1833 BILLERICA,.. Howe School,.... 1852 160 BOLTON,... H oughton School,..1848 BOSTON,. Adjutant-General's Library, 1812 600 Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, 1780 10,000 Amer. Board of Commissioners Foreign Missions,.. 1822 5,626 604 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. BOSTON.. Amer. Institute of Instruction,. 1830 1,000 Amer. Statistical Association,*+. 1839 2,500 Amer. Unitarian Association,. 1825 500 *Athenaeum,*m... 1806 70,000 Board of Agriculture,.. 1,000 Board of Education,... 1837.. *Board of Trade, Boston Library,*. 1792 14,395 Boston Society for Medical Improvement,.. 500 Boston Society of Nat. History, 1830 6,000 Bowditch Library,... 3,000 Bowdoin Literary Assoc.,. Comer's Commercial College,. 18 40... Congregational Library Assoc.,. 1854 4,050 Dramatic Fund Assoc.,. East Boston Library Assoc.,. Franklin Libraryj Handel and Haydn Library. King's Chapel Library,.. Library of the General Court,.. 8,000 Mass. College of Pharmacy,. 1823 300 Mass. Historical Society,.. 1791 13,000 Mass. Hospital,... 1821 600 Mass. School for Idiotic and Feeble-minded Youth, Mass. Society for Promotion of Agriculture,.. 1792 Mass. Teachers' Assoc.,. 1 845 Mechanic Apprentices Library Association,.. 1820 5.000 Mercantile Library Association, 1820 16,075 Mount Vernon School for Young Ladies,. Musical Fund Society, New England Female Med. Coll., 1848 50 New England Historic and Genealogical Society,.. 1845 500 New England Methodist Historical Society,. Perkins' Institute and N. E. Asylurm for Blind,.. 1832. Prince Library,... 1758 1,800 Public Library of the City,. 1852 70,000 Republican Institution,.. 1819 1,000 Social Law Library,.. 1804 5,600 State Library,... 1826 13,000 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1851 2,500 Young Men's Christian Union,. 1851 2,083 BRADFORD,.. Bradford Academy,... 1804 MASSACHUSETTS. 605 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. BRIDGEWATERIn. Bridgewater Academy, 1799... Natural History Society,. 1853 525 State Normal School (for both Sexes),.1840 BRIGTON,.. Library Association,.. 1856 1,800 Lyceum,...... BRIMFIELD,. ~ Hitchcock Free Grammar School, 1855 CAMBRIDGE,.. Atbeneum,....... Cambridge High School,.. 1850 1,700 Cambridge Lyceum,. Cloverden Observatory,. *Harvard College,*.. 1638 74,000 Alpha Delta Phi,.. 1837 300 Astronomical Observatory,.. 1,000 Delta Kappa Epsilon,. Harvard Nat. Hist. Society,. 1837 178 Hasty Pudding Club,.. 1808 4,500 Institute of 1770,.. 1796 2,800 Law School,.,. 14,000 Medical School,... 1782 2,000 Porcellian Club,... 1791 5,000 Rumford Society,.. 1848 Theological School,.. 1815 8,700 Lawrence Scientific School, CAMBRIDGEPORT,.' Parish Library,. 11849 494 Franklin Library Association,. 1848 400 CH:ARLESTOWN,.. Bunker Hill Library Association, 1854... Charlestown Female Seminary,. 1832 Mishawum Literary Association,. 1851 1,000 Naval Lyceum Library,. CHATHAM, ~. Chatham Academy,. CHELSEA,. ~ Library Association,... 1847 850 Winnisimmet Literary Institute,. 1849 650 CLINTON,.. Bigelow Library Association,. 1852 2,280 CoNcoIn,.. Concord Library, Concord School,. CONWAY,... Conway Academy,.. 182... DEDHAM,.. *. Town Library. DEERFIELD,.. Deerfield Academy,. 1. 797 600 Deerfield Reading Association, 1790 1400 (formerly Social Library,) 1790 DIGHTON.. Dighton Academ y.. 1856. DORCHESTER,.. Antiquarian and Historical Soc., 1843 480 Asylum for Insane,. Dorchester and Milton Circulating Library,... 1838 1 000 Gardner Library Association,. Mattapan Library Association,. 1848 987 Union Lyceum,. DUDLEY,... Nichols Academy,.. 1819. 606 LIST OF LIBRARIES, EI C. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. DUXBURY,.. Partridge Academy. EAST BRIDGEWATER, East Bridgewater Academy,. 1817 EAST HAMPTON,. Williston Seminary,... 1840 EDGARTOWN,.. Lyceum,. FALL RIVER,. Atheneum,.... 1835 2,500 Young Men's Christian Assoc., FALMOUTH,.. Lawrence Academy,... 1835 FITCHBURG,.. Athenxeum, FRAMINGRAIG.. State Normal School (for Females),.1853 FRANKLIN,. Franklin Library,.1786 G GREAT BARRINGTON, Great Barrington Academy,. GREENFIELD,.. Library Association,. 1855 692 GLOUCESTER,.. Citizens' Library Association, Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 GROTON,... Lawrence Academy,... 1793 3,500 Groton Library,. HADLEY... Hopkins Academy,...116 HANOVER,.. Hanover Academy,... HARWIcH,.. Pine Grove Seminary, 1845.. HAVERHILL,.. Athen um,.. 1852 1,288 Circulating Library,.600 Essex N. Dist. Medical Society,. 1854 275 Mechanics' Institute,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1855... HINGIIAI,.. Derby Academy, 11784 HINSDALE;.. Hinsdale Academy,... 1 S48 HOLLISTON,.. Mount Hollis Seminary,.. 1852 IPSWICH,. Ipswich Female Seminary,. JAMAICA PLAIN,. Eliot Library Association,. 1857 1400 Moss Hill Seminary,. LANCASTER,.. Lancaster Academy,.. 1847 Lancaster Library,.. 1851 415 State Reform School for Girls,. 1855... LAWRENCE,.. Franklin Library Association,. 1847 1,800 Pacific Mills,... 1852 2,024 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1857 350 LEICESTER,. Leicester Academy,. 1784. LENOX,... Lenox Academy,.. 1803... Lenox Library Association,. 1854 1,100 LOWELL,.. ity School Library, 1844 11,000 5'Middlesex Mechanii Association, 1825 6,630 Middlesex N. Dist. Med. Society, 1848 166 Washington Athenmeum and Lyceum,. LYNN,.. Library Association,*.. 855 3,500 Young Men's Christian Assoc., lA.NCHESTER,.. Lyceum,..... 1830 650 M ARBLEHEAD,.. Marblehead Academy,.. 1796 MIARLBORO,.. Second Parish Library,.. 1847 726 MASSACHUSET1TS. 607 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. MEDFORD, Tufts College,.1854 3,300 MERRIMAC,.. Merrimac Academy,... 1822 MIDDLEmORO,.. Boys' Family School,. Peirce Academy,... 1850 500 Town Library,. MILFORD,... Milford Library,. MILTON,.. Milton Academy,... 17 98 MONSON,... Monson Academy,... 1704 NANTUCKET,.. Athenmeum,.... 1847 3,202 NEEDHrAM.. Oakland Institute,. NEW BEDFORD,. *Free Public Librar y,... 1852 12,000 Friends' Academy,... 1812 NEWBURY,.. Dummer Academy,.. 1763 Newbury Library,. NEWBUIYPORT,. Public Library of the City,. 1854 8,493 Putnam Free School,.. 1838 NEw MARLBOROUGHI South Berkshire Institute,. NEW SALEM,.. New Salem Academy,.. 1735... NEWTN.. Collegiate Institute,... 1857. ~ 500 Riverside Institute,... 1854... Young Mlen's Christian Assoc.,. 1 858 NEWTON CENTRE,. Family Boarding School for Boys, Newton Theological Institution,. 1825 10,325 NoRTHI ADAMS,. Drury Academy,... 1841 Young Men's Literary Assoc.,. NORTHAMPTON,. Northampton Collegiate Institute. State Lunatic Hospital,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., Young Men's Institute,.. 1845 3,000 NORTIIBRIDGEWATER, Hunt's Academy,. NORTH BROOKFIELD, Library Association,... 1857 413 Lyceum,. Theological Society,... 1819 400 NORTH WILBRAHAM, Wesleyan Academ,.. 1824... NORTH WOBURN,. New Bridge Social Library,... 365 NORTON,.. W. heaton Female Seminary,. 1837... PEPPERELL,.. Asylum for Insane. Pepperell Academy,... 1841... PITTSFIELD,.. Berkshire Medical School,k.. 1823 Library Association,... 1850 1,340 Young Ladies' Institute,. 1849 1,500 Young Ladies' Seminary. Young Men's Christian Assoc., PLY-MOUTH,.. Pilgrim Society,. PLYMIPTON,.. Plympton Academy,. Prospect Hill Gymnasium,. RANDOLPH,.. Reading Room Association, READVILLE,.. Readville Library,. ROCHESTER,.. Rochester Academy,. ROXBURY,.. Atheneum,... 48 6,900 608 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. ROXBURY,.. Mechanics' Institute,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1857... SALEM,... Athenaum.. 1810 12,000 East India Marine Society,. 1799 300 Essex Agricultural Society,. 1818 650 *Essex Institute,.. 1848 10,500 Essex S. Dist. Med. Library, 1805 725 Evangelical Library,.. 1,400 Salem Charitable Mech. Assoc.,.' 1820 3,006 Social Library,. State Normal School (for Females),... 1854 Young Men's Union,. SHEFFIELD,.. Sheffield Academy,. 1840 SHELBURNE FAILS, Shelburne Falls Academy.. SOUTHAMPTON,.. Sheldon English and Classical School,... 1829 SOUTH BRAINTREE,. Hollis Institute*.. 1851 SOUTH DANVERS,. "Peabody Institute,.. 1852 5,408 SOUTH HADLEY,. Mt. Holyoke Female Seminary, 1856 SOUTH READING,. Greenwood Seminary, SOUTHWICHI.. Dickinson Academy,. SOUTH YARMOUTH,. Yarmouth Academy,.. 1843 SPRINGFIELD.. *City Library,. Springfield Institute,.. 1855 1,600 STERLING,.. Family Boarding School,. STOCKBRIDGE,.. Berkshire Family School,. Williams Academy,.. 1828 SUDBURY,.. Wadsworth Academy, SWAMPSCOTT,.. Literary Association,.. 6 1852 625 TAUNTON, B. Bristol Academy,.. 1792 Myrieteville Academy,.. 1853 Old Colony Historical Society, 1853 *Social Library,... 1828 3,119 Young Men's Library Assoc.,. 1854 2,000 TOPSFIELD,.. Topsfield Academy,.. 1854 800 TRURn... T ruro Union Academy,. 1841 TYNGSBORO,.. Tyngsboro Library,. WALTHAM I. Farmers' and Mechanics' Library, Rumford Institute,. WESTBORO,... State Reform School,.. 1856 1,500 WESTFIELD'.. State Normal School (for both sexes),... 1844 1,687 WESTFORDe.. Westford Academy,.. 1793 Westford Library,. WEST MEDFORD,. Mystic Hall Seminary,. 1854.. WESTMINSTER,.. Westminster Academy,. 1847... WEST.NEWTON,. Athenmeum,. 1850 1,843 West Newton English and Classical School, 1855... MASSACHUSETTS. 609 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. WEST ROXBURY,. Public Library..... WEST TISBURY,. Duke's County Academy,. 1833 WEST TOWNSEND,. Family Boarding School, Townsend Female Seminary, 1839 WHITINSVILLE,. Circulating Library,.. 1857 WILBRAHAM,.. Wesleyan Academy,.. 1824 Athena. Pierian, Union Philosophical Society, Young Men's Debating Club and Lyceum. WILLIAMSTOWN,. *Williams College,*.. 1793 7,200 Alpha Delta Phi, Chi Psi,. Delta Kappa Epsilon. Delta Psi, Kappa Alpha... Mills Theological Society,. Observatory,... Philologiaa Society,.. 1795 4,360 Philotechnian Society,. 1795 4,410 Sigma Phi,. WOBntr,.... Free Library, 1856 1,700 Religious Charitable Library,. 500 Warren Academy,.. 1830 Young Men's Christian Assoc. *Young Men's Library,.. 600 WORcESTER,. American Antiquarian Society,*. 1812 26,000 College of the Holy Cross,* 1843 4,660 Societies.. 600 Mather Library,. Mechanics' Association,. 1842 1,796 Oread Institute, 1851 School of Design and Academy of Fine Arts,.. 1856 State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester Academy,. Worcester County High School, 1832 Worcester Dist. Med. Society,. 1804 1,800 Worcester Female College,'Worcester Lyceum and Library Association,.. 1829 8,400 WRENTHAM, o. Day's Academy, 1806. YARMOUTH. Lyceum,. 39 610 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. MICHIGAN. ADRIAN,.. O Law Library,.... Lyceum,. Union School, 1855 500 ALBION,... Female College, 1841 1,000 Athenicedes, Clever Fellows,. Eclectics,. Young Ladies' Association, Wesleyan. College,* ~ ~ 1856 1,129 ALONT.. Young Men's Society, 1848 125 ANN ARBOR,.. Misses Clark's School, 1840 1,580 Union School,.,*University of Michigan,*. 183 7000 Alpha Nu,.. Literary Adelphi,. 1,00. Phi Alpha,... Christian Library Assoc., 1 58 Detroit Observatory.. Medical Department, 18317 BATTLE CREEK,. Union School.. CENTREVILLE,.. Union School,.... CHARLOTTE,. ~ Charlotte Academy. CLARKSTON,. ~ Clarkston Academy... COLDWATER,. Union School,. CONSTANTINE,.. Union School,. CORUNNA,.. Union School,. DETROIT... Barstow School... Capital School,. Eighth Ward School,. Fire Department Library,. Historical Society of Michigan, 1857 Mechanics' Society,...1842 1,566 State Agricultural Society,.. 1850 253 St. Philip's College,*... 1839 3,000 Young Men's Society,.. 1833 3,500 DEXTER,... Union School. DISCo,... Disco Academy.. DOWAGIAC.. Union School,. EAST SAGINAW,. Union School,. FLINT,... Deaf and Dumb, and Blind Asylum,..1854. Ladies' Library, Scientific Institute,. 1853. Union School,. GALESBURGt.. Union School,. GRAND RAPIDS,. St. Mary's College,... Union School, MICHIGAN. Gil Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. GRAND RAPIDS,. Young' Men's Christian Assoc. Young Men's Library Assoc.,. HILLSDALE, Fayette Library, 1851 400 *Hillsdale College,... 1857... Hillsdale Library Association,. Union School,. HOtERI,.. Homer Academy, HOWELL,.. Union School.... IONIA,... Union School. JACKSON.. Union School.... Young Men's Library,.. JONESVILLE,. Union School,..... KALAMAZOO,. Asylum for Insane,. Gregory's Commercial College, *Kalamazoo College,. 1854 1,000 Kalamazoo Literary Institute,. Ladies Library,..1852 633 Theological Seminary,.. 1853 1,000 Union School,. Young Men's Library, LANSING,.. Lansing Library... Michigan Female College, *State Agricultural College,.. 1855 [ 300 State Library,*... 1836 7,000 State Prison,... 600 Union School. LEONI,. I Ml ichigan Union College,. Theological Institute,. MARSHALL,. Marshall College, Union School,. Young' Ladies' Institute. MILFORD,. Union School. MONROE,. O. Public Library,.... 1,500 Young Ladies' Collegiate Inst.,. 1853 580 NILES,.. Union School... OLIVET,... Olivet Institute,..... 1, 000 ONTONAGONT,. Public Library,. Owosso,. Union School,. PLYMOUTH,. Union School,. PONTIAC,.. Union School,. PORT HURONN. Union School. QUINCY,.. * Union School,. ROMEO,. Dickinson Institute,. SAGINAW CITY,. Union School,. SALINE,... Union School,. SCHOOLCRAFT,.. Cedar Park Seminary, SPRING ARBOR, Central Lodge Library. Michigan Central College. 1,700 STURGIS,.. Union School,. TECUMSEH.. Union School.... 612 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC Place. Name of Institution, Founded. Volumes. TIREE RIVERS,. Union School. WHITE PIGEON,. Union School,.... WOODSTOCK,.. Manual Labor Institute,. 1848 1,200 YPSILANTI,.. State Normal School,. 1853... Normal Lyceum,... Union School,.. 1000 MINNESOTA. CHATFIELD,.. *Academy,. FAIRBAULT,.. Fairbault College.. MINNEAPOLIS,.. inn. Agricultural Society, Younrg Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858 RED WING,. Hamline University, Adelphian Society,. Sigournean Society,. ST. ANTHONY,. Library Association,. 1849 300 St. Anthony College,. University of Minnesota, 1852 100 ST. PAUL.. Agricultural Society,. German Literary Association,... Mercantile Library Association, 1859. MIinnesota Historical Society, 1849. State Library,... 1849 5,300 Young Men's Christian Assoc.. 1856 STILLWATER,.. Young Mlen's Christian Assoc.,. 1858 MISSISSIPPI. ABERDEEN,.. Female Institute,. *Library Association,. CARROLLTON,.. asonic Male Academy,. 1857 300 CENTRE HILL,.. Semple Broaddus College,.. 1856 CIHIULAHOMIA.. Cold Water Female Seminary,. CLINTON,... Central Female Institute. Male College,. Mississippi College,*.. 1851 1,600 ENON,... High School,. GARLANDSVILLE,. Union Seminary,... 500 GRENADA,.. Bascom Female Seminary. 700 Town Library,..1857. Yallobusha Bap. Female Coll.,. HERNANDO,.. Mississippi Female College, HIGHLAND,.. Calmack's Academy,. HOLLY SPRINGS,. Chalmers Institute... MISSISSIPPI-MISSOURI. 6 13 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. HOLLY SPRINGS,. St. Thomas Hall,. JACKSON,... Blind Asylum,.. 1848 Centenary College,. Deaf and Dumb Institute, Jackson Female Institute. State Historical Society,.. State Library,*.. 1838 5,000 LEXINGTON,.. Central Mississippi Fem. Coll.. Male and Female Academy,. MACON,... Macon Academy, MCLEODS,. ~ Salem High School,. NATCHEZ,.. Natchez Institute,.. 1845 2,083 Young Men's Christian Assoc. OAK1LAND COLLEGE,. Oakland College,*.. 1831 2,640 Societies,. 2,000 OXFORD,... Union Female College..'University of 1Mississippi,.. 1848 8,000 Hermean,... 000 Phi Sigma,. 1,000 PONTOTOC,. Male and Female Academy,. Mary Washington Female Coll.,. Presbyterian Collegiate Institute, PORT GIBSON,.. Planters' College,. SHARON,... Madison College,*.. 1851 500 UTICA,... Female Institute, WASHINGTON,.. Jefferson College,.. 1801.. State Agricultural Society,.... 1,000 MISSOURI. ARcADIA,... High School, BOONEVILLE,.. Central Missouri Agric. Soc., CANTON. Christian University,.. CAPE GIRARDEAUI. *St. Vincent's College,*. 1843 5,500 CARONDELET,.. Theological Seminary, COLUiBIA,.. M issouri University,*. 1844 2,300 Athenian Society,.. 200 Medical Department,. 1846. Union Literary Society.'. 325 FAYETTE, *, Central College,. 1857.. Howard High School,. 1845 500 FULTON,... Deaf and Dumb Asylum,. 1853 150 State Lunatic Asylum,. 500 *Westminster College,.. 1853 400 Philalthian Society,. 300 Philologic Society. 300 Society of Inquiry,. t6 14 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place, Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. HIANNIBAL,.. Literary Institute,...184 425 HUNTSVILLE,. Huntsville College,. JACKSON,.. Southeast Agricultural Society, JEFFERSON CITY,. Historical Society of MIissouri,. 1844 300 Missouri Penitentiary,.. 630 State Library,*:.. 1855 4,637 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 LEXINGTON,. Baptist Female College, *Masonic College,.. 1843 1,600 LIBERTY,... Female Institute, -:+William Jewell College,*. 1849 4,000 MIDDLE FORK,. McGee College,. MOUNT PLEASANT,. Mount Pleasant College,.. 1855 NTE PALMYRA,. Marion College,. PALMYRA.. Female College,. Male and Female Seminary, Palmyra Seminary,. St. Paul's Collee... PERRYtVILLE,.. St. Mary's College,. RICHLAND,. M. ather College,. RICIIMOND,.. lRichmond College,...1855 SARCOXIE,.. Cave Spring Academy, ST. CHARLES,.. Library Association,. Lindenwood Female College, St. Charles College,*... 1837 900 SPRINGFIELD,. Southwestern State Agric. Soc., ST. LOUIS,. Academy of Sciences,. 1. 856 300 Law Library,.. 1838 14,457 Lyeeum,. Mercantile Library Association,.1846 14,800 Normal School,..*O'Fallon Polytechnic Institute,. 185 2,500 State Asylum for Blind,. 1851 St. Louis Agricultural and Mechanical Association,. St. Louis Female Institute,. St. Louis University,*. 1829 16,000 Medical Department,. 1836. Orthological Society,. 1840 Philalethic " 1832 7,000 Phileuphradigne Society, St. Louis Vocalist Association,. 1847 1,05 3 Washington Ulliversity,. 1857. Wyman's High School, 1,000 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1854 485 WAVERLY,.. Shelby College,.... NEW HAMPSHIRE. 615 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. NEW HAMPSHIRE ANDOVER,.. New England Christian Institute, ATKINSON,.. Atkinson Academy... iBATH,. 3Bath Academy. BOSCAWEN,.. Boscawen Academy, 1828.. CHARLESTOWN,.. Charlestown Library... CONCORD,. Meth. Gen. Biblical Institute,. 1847 3,000 Missionary Library,.. 185 400 New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane. *New Hampshire Historical Soc.,* 1823 1,500 Public Library,.. 900 State Agricultural Society, 1850... State Library,*. 1818 7,000 DER,... Pinkerton Academy,. DUBLIN,... Juvenile Library, 1825 1 213 Union Library,... 1793 450 EXETER,.. Phillips Exeter Academy,.. 1781 2,000 Golden Branch Society, 1841 1,539 Town Library, 1852 1,716 Young Mlen's Christian Assoc., 1858 FRANCESTOWN,.. Francestown Academy, 1819 FRANLIN,.. Franklin Academy,. 1831. GILFORD,.. Gilford Academy... GILMANTON). Social Library,... 300 Theological Seminary,. 1794 4300 GREAT FALLS,.. Manufacturers and Village Lib.,. 1841 3,510 GROTON,... Public Library,. 800 HAMPTON FALLS,. Rockingham Academy. HAtNcocI,.. Hancock Academy,... 1836 Literary and Scientific Institute, HANOVER,. *. Dartmouth College,.. 1769 14423 Chandler Scientific School,.... Philotechnic Society,.... 540 Social Friends' Library,. 183 7,933 Society of Inquiry.. 500 United Fraternity,. 1786 7,818 Northern Academy of Arts and Sciences,.. 1841 1,300 Medical School,.. 1798 1.200 HILLSBORO,.. Agricultural and Mechanical Society,. HOPRINTON,.. Contoocookville Academy,.. 1 856 KEEN,.. Keen Boarding School. LANCASTER,.. Lancaster Academy,. LEBANON,.. Liberal Institute, Town Library. MANCHESTER,.. City Library,.... 1844 5,.314 616 LIST OF LIBRARIES; ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. MANCHESTER,.. House of Reformation,. State Agricultural Society,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1854 100 MiEnIDEN,. Kimball Union Academy,.. 1815 2,000 Philadelphian Society,. 1855 1,000 MILLILL,. St. Paul's School,.. 1855 MOUNT VERNON,. Appleton Academy,. 1850 NASEHUA,.. Nashua Literary Institution,. NEW HAMPTON,. Literary and Biblical Institution, 1849 1,000 Literary Adelphi,. 1827 1,000 Society of Theological Research,.. 1855 800 New Hampton Academy, 1849... NEW IPSWICH,.. Appleton Academy,.. 1789 800 NEW LONDON,.. Literaryand Scientific Institution. New London Academy,. 1837... NORTHFIELD,.. N. H. Conference Seminary,.. 1000 OxFoRD,... Oxford Academ,.. PEMBROrE,.. Pembroke Academy,. 1818 People's Literary Institute,. 1841 PETERBORO,. ~ Public Library,. PITTSFIELD).. Pittsfield Academy,.. 1830... PORTSMOUTH.. *Atheneiti.*... 1817 8,252 Mercantile Library Association, 1852 1,293 South Parish Library,...1820 746 St. John's Church... 500 Unitarian Church,... 678 U. S. Navy Yard Library, Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1852 540 REED'S FERRY,. Merrimac Normal Institute,. SaLMtON FALLS,. Library Association,. 1846 983 SANBORNTON BRIDGE, N. H. Conference Seminary, and Female College,... 1852 175 L. L. L.... 100 U. P.; 27P V. A. S.,.... 280 Public Library,.... 300 UNION,... Union Village Library,.. 1854 202 WVAKtEFIELD,.. Wakefield and Brookfield Union Library,... 1797 550 WEST LEBANON,. Tilden Female Seminary,.. 1853. WOLFBOROUGH,. Wolfborough and Taftonborough Academy,.. 1820. NEW JERSEY. 617 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. NEW J]ERSEY. BELVIDERE,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., BLAIRSTOWN,.. Presbyterial Academy,.. 1,000 BORDENTOW,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 BRIDGETON,.. Bridgeton Library, West Jersey Academy, 400 BURLINGTON,. Bloomfield Mansion Seminary (for Young Ladies), Burlington College,* 184.6 1,573 Theological Department.. Burlington Library. CAMDEN,... *Franklin Library. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,.1858 ELIZABETHI). Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 FREEHOL,.. Freehold Institute,.. 1847 1,500 GREENWICH,.. Greenwich Library,.. 1806 HAcKENSACKI.. *Library Association,... HAMILTON SQUjARE, Hamilton Library,. JERSEY CITY,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1854 447 LAWRENCEVILLE,. High School,... 1810 Calliopean,. Philomathean. MORRISTOWN,. Morris Institute and Apprentices' Library,... 1812 1,500 MOUNT HOLLY,. Greenwood Institute, MULLICA HILL,. Harmony Library,.. NEWAR... High School. Newark Library Association, 1846 7,000 *New Jersey Historical Society,* 1845 2,194 Van Arsdale's Observatory, NEW BRUNSWICK, *N. Rutgers College,*.. 1770 7,000 Peithersophian Society, 1825 2,000 Philoclean ".. 1825 3,000 Natural History. 1857 Theological Seminary, Reformed Dutch Church,.. 1810 10,000 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1854 2,500 Young Men's Library Assoc.,. NEWTON,.. Newton Collegiate Institute, 1857 500 Newton Library, Newton Lyce-um, ORANGE... Orange Lyceum and Lib. Assoc., 1833 1,200 PRINCETON.. *College of New Jersey,.. 1755 11,000 American Whig Society,. 4,500 Cliosophic ".1765 4,322 Law School, Theological Seminary,. 1812 14000 SALEM... Salem Academy,...... 618 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. SOMERVILLE,. State Agricultural Society,. TRENTON,. Park School for Young Ladies,. State Library,*... 1804 7,787 State Lunatic Asylum,.. *State Normal School,.1858 4,411 Trenton Academy, Philomathean Society,.1851 700 Trenton Library Association,. Younog,Ien's Christian Assoc., 1856 175 WEST HOBOKEN. Lyceum and LibraryAssociation, 1852 811 WOODSTOWYN,. Pilesgrove Library,. Webster Club Library,. NEW YORK. ADDISoN,... Addison Academy,.. 1849 251 ALBANY,... Albany Academy,.. 1817 931 Albany Female Academy,. 1821 1,074 Albany Female Seminary, 1828 709 Albany Institute,'*.. 1829 10,000 Albany Library. 1792 6,000 Albany Medical College,. 1845 4,500 Apprentices' Library 3,000 Assembly Library,. 8. 8,000 Dudley Observatory,.. 185 1,000 Law School Univ. of Albany,. N. Y. State Agricultural Society, 1832 2,300 Senate Library,.. 6,000 St. Mary's Library Association, 1849 450 State Library of New York,. 1818 53,500 State Normal School,*.. 1844 1,000 *Young Men's Association,*.. 1833 8,060 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1857 600 ALBION,... Albion Academy,.. 1840 441 Phipps Union Seminary,.. 1854 393 Young 7Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 ALEXANDER.. Genesee and Wyoming Seminary, 1845 460 ALFRED CENTRE,. Alfred University and Academy, 1843 737 Alleghanian, Ladies' Literary... Orophilian,. Phi Mu.... Religious Union. AMENIA,... Amenia Seminary,.. 1836 1,852 AMES,... Ames Academy,... 1837 300 AMSTERDAM,.. Female Seminary,... 1839 414 Young Men's Christian Assoc, 18.. ANGELICA.. *Angelica Academy,. NEW YORK. 619 Place. Name of Institution. Fourded. Tolumes. ARGYLE, * Argyle Academy,.. 1841 177 AUBURN,. Auuburn Academy,... 1815 237 Auburn Theological Seminary, 1821 6,000 State Prison Library,. AUGUSTA,. Augusta Academy,. 1842 868 AURORA,.. Cayuga Academy,. 1801 2,009 Lyceum,.... BRoorFIELD,.. Brookfield Academy,.. 1847 126 BROOI(KLYN. Brooklyn Atheneum and Reading-Roonm,.. 1852 3,759 Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytech. Institute.... 1854 335 City Library,. 1839 3,000'Mercantile Library Association, 1857 11,400 Packer Collegiate Institute, 1854 1,128 Strong Place Baptist Church Library,.. 1852 500 IU. S. Naval Lyceum,*. 1853 4,500 U. S. Naval Hospital,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1853 1,762 Youths' Free Library,. 1828 5,000 BROCKPORT,. Collegiate Institute.... 376 BUFFALO,. Female Academy,.. 1851 195 German Young Men's Assoc.,... Martin Luther College, Medical Dept. Univ. of Buffalo, 1846 400 Observatory,. *St. Joseph's College,*. Young Men's Association,..1836 9,331 Young Men's Christian Union,.1852 1,200 BELIEVILLE,. Union Literary Society,. 1826 604 BETHANY,. Bethany Academy,.. 1841 200 BINGHAIPTON, Binghampton Academy,.. 1 842 382 Inebriate Asylum,...1859 Susquehanna Seminary,. 1854 138 BLACII Roc,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., BRIGHTON,. Clover Street Seminary, 817 BUTTERNUTS,. Gilbertsville Academy and Collegiate Institute,... 323 CAMBRIDGE,. Washington Academy,.. 338 CANAJOHARIE,. Canajoharie Academy, 158 CANANDAIGUAn.. Brigham Hall (Lunatic Asylum), Canandaigua Academy,.. 773 Ontario Female Seminary,.. 882 CANTON,.. Canton Academy,... 281 "St. Lawrence University,. 1856 100 Theological School, 1856 2,500 CARMEL ~ Raymond Collegiate Institute, CATSKILL, Catskill Library, Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 620 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place.'Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. CAZENOVIA,.. Oneida Conference Seminary, 1830 1,910 Lyceum,..779 Philomathesian,. CHAMPLAIN,.. Champlain Academy,.. 1842 263 CHARLOTTEVILLE,. N. Y. Conference Seminary,. 1850 350 Athena,. Philomathean,. Theta Phi,. Wesleyan Literary Society, CHERRY VALLEY,. Cherry Valley Academy,. 1796 144 CHESTER,.. Chester Academy,.. 1844 225 CHITTENANGO,.. Yates Polytechnic Institute, 1853 295 CLARENCE,.. Clarence Academy,.. 1854 213 CLARIKESVILLE,. Brookfield Academy,... 190 CLAVERACK,.. Claverack Academy and Hudson River Institute,.. 1854 365 CLIFTON PARK,. Jonesville Academy,.. 1850 405 CLINTON,... Clinton Grammar School,. 1817 225 Clinton Liberal Institute,.. 1854 1,210:~Hamilton College,*... 1810 3,340 Phoenix Society,... 3,400 Union "..1834 3,400 Law School, Observatory, CORTLArND VILLAGE, Cortlandville Academy,. 18. 43 663 DELIIIT... Delaware Academy,.. 1820 814 DE RUYTER,.. De Ruyter Institute,.. 1836 263 DUNDEE,... Dundee Academy,.. 1855 193 DUNKIR.. Library,.... 1838 EAST BLOOMFIELD,. East Bloomfield Academy,. 596 EAST BROOKLYN,. Young Men's Christian Assoc. 1858 EAST HAMPTON,. Clinton Academy,... 1787 348 Library Company,.. 1805 581 EAST PEMBROKE,. Rural Seminary,.. 1856 678 EDDYTOWN,.. Starkey Seminary,. 1848 1 215 ELBRIDGE,.. Monroe Collegiate Institute, 1839 722 ELLINGTON,.. Ellington Academy,. 1853 177 ELIRA,... Female College,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 FAIRFIELD,.. Fairfield Academy,.. 1803 732 FLATBUSH,.. Erasmus Hall Academy,. 1787 2,408 King's County Lunatic Asylum, FLORIDA,.. S. S. Seward Institute, 1845 125 FLUSHING,.. Flushing Library Association,. 1858 Sandford Hall (Lunatic Asylum), St. Paul's College, (?). 1858 2,800 Young Men's Christian Assoc.. FORDHAM,.. *Free Library,.... St. John's College,. 1840 12,090 St. Joseph's Theolog. Seminary,... NEWV YORK, 621 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. FORT CoIGToN,. Fort Covington Academy, 1831 100 FORT EDWARD,..Washington County Seminary and Collegiate Institute,.. 1854 414 FORT PLAIN,. Fort Plain Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute,.. 1853 188 FRANKLIN,..*-Delaware Literary Institute, 1835 614 FREDONIA,.. Fredonia Academy,.. 1824 1,634 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 FRIENDSHIP,. Friendship Academy,.. 1849 189 FULTON,. Falley Seminary,.. 395 FULTONVILLE,. Young Men's Association,. GALWAY.. Galway Academy, 1845 98 Ladies' Seminary,. GENESEE,. Atheneum' Library,..1853 4,318 GENESEO,. Athenaeum, Geneseo Academy, i1827 1,124 GENEVA,.. Geneva Medical College,. 1835 600 Geneva Union School,..1853 1,221 Hobart Free College,*.. 1821 5,449 Hermean Society,.. 1845 4,563 Philopeuthian Society,. 1855 766 GILBERTSVILLE, Academy,........ 383 GLEN'S FALLS,.. Glen's Falls Academy,.. 1842 225 GLOVERSVILLE,. Union Seminary,.. 1854 101 GOSHEN,..'Farmers' Hall Academy, 1.. 790 620 GoUvERNEURN.. Nesleyan Seminary,. 1828 425 GREENEVILLE,.. Greeneville Academy, 1816 330 GROTON. Groton Academy,. 1837 381 HALF MOON,. Half Moon Academy,.. 1851 135 HAMILTON,. Hamilton Academy,... 807 Hamilton Female Seminary,.. 184 Home School,. Madison University,*.. 1824 6,321 Adelphian Society,.. 800 lEonian ".. 900 Athenum.. 700 Grammar School, 1853 650 Missionary Society,.. 800 Theological Department, 1820 HARTWICK,.. Hartwick Theological and Classical Seminary,.. 1816 1,500 Philophronean Society, Theological Society. HAVANNA. People's College,. 1857. HENRIETTA,.. Monroe Academy,.... 141 HOLLAND PATENT, Hobart Hall Academy, 1838 588 HOLLEY,.. Holley Academy, 1850 174 HOMER,.. Cortland Academy,.1819 1,108 HOOSICK FALMS,. Ball Seminary,..1843 174 HUDSON... Franklin Library Association,. 1837 1,783 622 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. HUDSON,. udson Academy,.. 1807 164 Hudson Female Academy,. 151 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858. ITHACA,.. Ithaca Academy, 1823 447 JAMAICA,. Union Hall Academy,. 1792 667 *Young Men's Literary Union JAMESTOWN,. Jamestown Academy,. 1836 299 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858... JOHNSTOWN,. Johnslown Academy, 1794 211 JONESVILLE,. Jonesville Academy. 309 JORDATN,... Jordan Academy,. 1842 303 KEESEVILLE,. Keeseville Academy, 1835 225 KINDERHOOK,.. Kinderhook Academy, 1824 583 KINGSBORO,. Kingsboro Academy,. 1839 309 KINGSTON,. K. ingston Academy,. 1. 795 522 LANSINGBURG,.. Female Seminary. LE Roy,.. Ingham Collegiate Institute,. 1852 1,160 Altonian Literary Society,.... 500 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1855... LIBERTY,. Liberty Normal Institute,. 1849 172 LIA,7... *Genesee College,. 1850 3,500 Amphictyon, Genesee Lyceum, Ladies' Literary Society,. Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, 1833 2,019 LYONS,.. Union School... 831 LITTLE FALLS,. Little Falls Academy,. 1844 438 LocIKPORT,.. Lockport Union School,. 1850 120 Young Men's Association. LOWVILLE,.. *Lowville Academy,... 1808 1,119 MACEDON CENTRE, Macedon Academy,... 1842 132 MALONE,..'FFra nklin Academy,.. 1831 185 MANHATTANVILI,E. Bloomingdale Asylum for Insane, MANLIUS,... Manlius Academy,.. 1835 395 MARION... Marion Collegiate Institute,.1855 196 MATTAWAN,.. Association, MAYVILLE,.. Mayville Academy,.. 1834 1'73 McGRAWILLE,. New York Central College,. 1849 600 MEDINA... *Medina Academy,.. 1850 3.33 MEXICO,... Mexico Academy,. 1826 480 MIDDLEBURY,.. Academy.. 1819 852 MIDDLETOWN,. Walkill Academy,. 423 MILLVILLE,.. Millville Academy,.. 1840 187 MONTGOMERY,.. Montgomery Academy, 11791 456 MONTICELLO,.. Monticello Academy,.. 1852 170 MORAVIA,.. Moravia Institute,... 1840 369 MOUNT VERNON,. West Chester Farm School,..1856. NEW BERLIN,.. New Berlin Academy,.1844. NEWBURG,.. Board of Education. Theolog. Sem. Associate Ref. Ch., 1802 8,500 NEW YORK. 623 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. NEW PALTZ,. O New Paltz Academy,.. 1845 340 NEW YoK, American Bible Society,.. 1816 1,500 American Bible Union,.. 1850 4,000 American Ethnological Society, 1842... American and Foreign Bible Soc., 1,576 American Geographical and Statistical Society,.. 1853 2450 American Institute,'.. 1833 7,500 American Literary Association. Apprentices and Demilt Library, 1820 19,026 Astor Library,*... 1839 80,000 Atheneum,... 1857 Bacon Literary Association, Bancroft Institute... Clinton Place Female Seminary, Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, 1807 1,500 "College of St. Francis Xavier, 1850 Columbia College,*.. 1757 18,000 Grammar School,. 1838 1148 Cooper Institute, Episcopal Histoifical Society,. 1850 Episcopal Theological Seminary,0' j 1818 127,903'Free Academy,.. 1847 6,000 Clionian Society,. Phrenakosmian Society. Juvenile Asylum,.. 184... House of Refuge,.. 500 Institut. for the Deaf and Dumb, 181F7 4,1.35 Institution for the Blind,.. 1832... Irving Literary Union, Law Institute Library,*. 1830 8,000 Lyceum of Natural History,. 1818 3,000 Mechanics' Institute,... 1836 5,000 *Mercantile Library Association,0 1820 51,000 Merchants' and Clerks' Library Association,.. 1855 1,000 Metropolitan Medical College. *New Yorkl City Library,... 2,000 New York City Lunatic Asylum, New York Historical Society,*- 1804 25,000 New York Hospital,.. 1796 6,000 New York Medical College, New York Society Library,. 1754 40,000 New York State Colonization Soc.. Omacatl Society,.. 1855 339 Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions,... 3,000 Printers' Free Library,. 1823 4,000 *Public School, 14th Ward,. 1344 1800 ttPublic School (20th Ward) Lib.... 624 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. NEW YORA,. Rutgers Female Institute,.. 1838 3,015 Seamen's Friend Society Library, Spingler Institute,.. 1852 2,000 St. Luke's Hospital,.. 1855 Union Theological Seminary,* 1836 24,000 University of the City of N. Y., 1831 4 000 Medical Department,. 1841 2 Washington Institute. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,.1852 2,293 Young Men's Christian Union. NORTIi GRANVILLE. N. G. Female Seminary,. 1854 358 NORTH HEBRON,. North Hebron Institute,.. 1854 223 NoRTH SALEM,.. North Salem Academy,. 1790 262 NORWICH,.. Norwich Academy,.. 1843 558 NUNDA,... Nunda Literary Institute, 1845 189 NYACK,... Rockland County Female Institute... 1855 OAKFIELD,.. Cary Collegiate Seminary,. 1845 680 OGDENSBURG.. Ogdensburg Institute,. 1835 383 Young People's Association,. OLEAN,... Olean Academy,.. 1. 1853 328 ONONDAGA VALLEY, Onondaga Academy,... 1813 595 ORANGE,... Orange Lyceum,... OSWEGO,. C.. City Lib. and Mechanics' Assoc., 1854 7,000 Oswego Academy,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 OVIDn... CAgricultural College,.. 1856 Ovid Academy,.. 1826 460 OWEGo... wego Academy,.. 1828 524 OXFORD.. Oxford Academy,.. 1794 1,252 PALMYRA,.. Palmyra Union School... 1,071 PEEKSKILL,.. Cortland Institute,. Peekskill Academy,.. 1838 607 PERRY,... Perry Academy,... 1843, 305 PETERBORO,.. Peterboro Academy,.. 1853 177 PHELPS,... Phelps Union School... 484 PIKE,. Genesee Conference Seminary, 1856 216 PLATTSBURG,.. Plattsburo Academy,... 1828 165 POMPEY,... Pompey Academy,.. 1811 399 PORT CHESTER,. Library and Reading-Room, POTSDAM,.. St. Lawrence Academy,. 1. 816 784 POUGHIEEPSIE,. Cottage Hill Seminary,. Dutchess County Academy,. 1792 263 Law School,.... 1845. Lyceum of Natural History. 600 Poughkeepsie Female Academy, 1836 629 *-Public Library,... 1843 4,650 Young Men's Christian Assoc., PRATTSBURG,.. Franklin Academy,.. 1824 1,200 PROSPECT,.. Prospect Academy,.. 1851 376 NEW YORK. 625 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. PULASKI,... Pulaski Academy,.. 1853 393 RANDOLPH.. Randolph Academy Assoc.. 312 RED CaEEK,.. Red Creek Union Academy,. 1839 208 RENSSELAERYILLE,. Rensselaerville Academy,.. 1845 213 RIHINEBEC:,.. Rhinebeck Academy,... 1841 473 RICHBURG.. Richburg Acadenmy,.. 1850 121 ROCHESTER,. Athenteum and Mechanics' Association,.. 6,524 Court of Appeals,.. 1829 ~ 5,000 Female Academy, 171 House of Refuge,.. 1846 *University of Rochester,*.. 1850 5,200 Theological Seminary,. 1850 5,500 ROGERSVILLE,. Union Seminary,.. 1853 134 ROmE,... Rome Academy,. 1835 486 RONDOUT,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858. RUSHFORD.. Rushford Academy,.. 1852 133 SAG HARBOR,.. Sag Harbor Institute,.. 1848 201 SALEM,... Washington Academy, 1791 364 SAND LAKE,.. Sand Lake Academy,.. 1846 261 SANQUOIT,.. Sanquoit Academy,.. 1849 171 SARATOGA SPRINGS, Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. SAUGERTIES,.. Academy,.. 1854 180 *Lyceum,. SCHENECTADY,.. Schenectady Lyceum and Acad.,.. 375 *Union College,... 1795 9,000 Adelphic Society, 1796 3,550 Philornathean Society,.. 1793 3,812 Union School,.... 3,002 Young Mlen's Association,.. 3,800 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 SCHUYLERVILLE,. Schuylerville Academy,. 1840 147 SCOHARIE,.. Scoharie Academy,.. 1837 211 SENECA FALLS,. Seneca Falls Academy,. 1827 301 SIIERBURNE,.. Sherburne Union Academy,.. 522 SING SING,.. Mount Pleasant Academy,... 1,361 SODUS,. Sodus Academy,. 110 SOMERS,... Public Library,... 210 SPENCERTOWYN.. Spencertown Academy,... 225 SPRINGVILLE,. Springville Academy, 136 STAPLETON,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1856. STARKEY.. Starkey Seminary,.. 1,300 SUSPENSION BRIDGE, De Veaux College, 1857. SYRACUSE,.. *Franklin Institute,*.. 1837 2,700 N. Y. Asylum for Idiots,.. 1855... Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858. TARRYTOWN,.. Paulding Institute,. TROY1.. Troy Academy, 244 Troy Female Seminary,. 1,049 Troy University,... 1858. 40 626 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. TROY,... XYoung Men's Association,*. 1834 9,405 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1855 UNADILLA,.. Unadilla Academy,... 261 UNION VILLAGE,. Union Village Academy,... 451 UTICA,... Amicable Library Association. Apprentices' Library,. Mechanics' Association,. State Lunatic Asylum,*.. 1843 4,060 Utica Academy,... 155 Utica Female Seminary,.. 109 Utica Library,. Young Men's Association,... 2,200 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858... VERNON,... Vernon Academy,... 333 WALTON,... Walton Academy,.. 117 WALWORTH,.. Walworth Academy,... 121 WARSAW,... Warsaw Union School,.. 273 WARwIcK,.. Warwick Institute,... 106 WATERFORD),. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 WATERTOWN,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1855 Jefferson County Institute... 1,200 WESTFIELD,.. Westfield Academy,... 506 WEST POINT,.. Observatory,. WEST WINFIELD,. U. S. Military Academy,*.. 1812 16,392 West Winfield Academy,.. 197 WHITE HALL,.. Whitehall Academy, 3.. 333 WHITESTOWN,. W. hitestown Seminary,.. 840 WILSON,... Wilson Collegiate Institute,. 709 WINDSOR,.. Windsor Academy,... 170 WYOMING,. Middlebury Academy,... 802 YATES CENTRE). Yates Academy,.. 526 YONKERS,. Family Boarding SchoolforYoung Ladies,. YORKVILLE,. Yorkville Library Association,. N. CAROLINA. ASHEVILLE,. I-. Hoston Conference Fem. Coll.,* CHAPEL HILL,.. University of North Carolina,*. 1795 3,501 Dialectic Society,. 1795 6,000 Law School, Female Academy,. CHARLOTTE,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc., DAVIDSON COLLEGE,. *Davidson College,*.. 1837 8,000 EDENTON,.. Franklin Literary Club, FAYETTEVILLE,. Cross Creek Lodge, I. 0. 0. F.,. 1844 1,.350 FORESTVILLE,.. Wake Forest College,*.. 1838 NORTH CAROLINA-OHIO. 627 Place. Name of Institution. Founde1. Volumes. FORESTVILLE,.. Euzelian Society,. ~ 1835 5,000 Philomathesian Society,.1835 2,400 GOLDSBORO,.. *Wayne Institute,. GREENSBORO,.. Greensboro Female College, 1857 500 HOLLY SPRING, High School,. MADISON,... *Baptist College,. MOUNT PLEASANT,. Western Carolina Male Academy, 1854... MOUNT VERNON,. Male and Female Seminary. MURFREESBORO,. Chowan Female Collegiate Inst.... NEWBERN,.. Female Seminary,. NEW INSTITUTE,. New Institute,. NEWTON,... Catawba College, NORaMAL COLLEGE,. *Normal College,. OLIN,... Olin Institute,. OXFORD,... Oxford Female College,. 1857 500 RALEIGHn... Deaf and Dumb, and Blind Institution.... 1848 Sedgwick Female Seminary,. State Agricultural Society,. State Library,.. 1840 6693 REED'S CROSS-ROADS, High School,. ROcKFORD,.. Female Institute,. RonBORo,.. Masonic Classical Institute, SALEM,... Fayette Academy,. Salem Female Academy, 1804 1,800 SAMPSON,... Clinton Female College,.. VALLE CaRuCIs,. Mission School. WELDON,.. Roanoke Literary Society, 1857 600 WILMINGTON,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858... OHIO. AKRON,.. Mechanics' Library,. ANTRIM,... Madison College, ASHLAND,.. High School Library,. ATHENS,... Ohio University,*. 1816 1,870 Athenian Literary Society, 1836 1,500 Philomathian 1.. 1322 AUSTINBURG9.. *Grand River Institute,. BEREA,... Baldwin University,,... 1846 BucYRus,... *Bucyrus Library,.. 1857 800 CADIz... *Cadiz Library Association,.1857 274 CANFIELDn.. Mahoning County Academy,. CANTON,.. *"Citizens' Library,... CENTRAL COLLEGE,. Central College,.1843 600 CHILLICOTHE~,.. Young Men's Gymnasium and Library Association,. 1856 1,000 628 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. CHILLICOTHE,.. Public School Library, CINCINNATI,.. Academy of Fine Arts,. Apprentices' Library,.. 5,000 Astronomical Society and Observatory,.. 1842 Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery,.... 2,129 Cincinnati Htorticultural Society, 1842 500 Cincinnati Union Library Assoc., 1855 1,040 Colored Men's Library,.. 500 Eclectic Medical Institute,.. 1845 1,941 Fairmount Theological Seminary, 1849 4,000 Hamilton County Lunatic Asylum,. Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio,... 1841 1,800 Hughes High School,. 300 Lane Theological Seminary,*. 1837 10,500 Law Library,... 1847 2,729 Law School, Cincinnati College,... 2,500 Medical College of Ohio,.. 1826 2,129 Medical Library Association,. 250 Miami Medical College,. 1. 852 Ohio Dental College,... 1848... Ohio Mechanics' Institute,. 1828 13,28 000 *Ohio School Library,.. 1854 Physio-Medical College of Ohio,. 1848 442 Pioneer Association,. St. Xavier College,*... 1841 5,600 Philopedian Society,... 300 Philhermenian Society,... 300 Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge,. Wesleyan Female College, 1857 300 Young Ladies' Lyceum,. 1857 800 Western Academy of Natural Sciences,... 1835 200 Woodward High School,... 1,076. Young Men's Christian Union,. 1848 530 Y. M. C. Union, German Branch, 1856. *Young Men's Mercantile Library Association,'. 1835 17,541 CIRCLEVILLE,.. *Union School Lyceum Library,. 1851 663 CLEVELAND, Agricultural College,. Board of Education,... 1,500 Cleveland Medical College,.. 1,000 *Cleveland Library Association.... Cleveland University,*.. 600 Med. Dept. West. Res. College,.. 1844. Western Homceopathic College,. 1850. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1854 230 OHIO. 629 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. COLLEGE HILL,. *Farmers' College,... 1846. Ohio Female College,. COLUMBUS,. Capitol University, (?) Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum. 2 75 Columbus Athenceum, Institution for the Blind,. 1837 Institutionfortlie Deafand Dumb, 1855 300 Starling Medical College,.. 1847 State Board of Agriculture, State Library of Ohio,*. 1818 18,123 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1855 230 CosHOCTON,. * Union School,. DAYTON,. Dayton Library Association, 1846 3,724 Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858 DELAWARE,. *Ohio Wesleyan University,*. 1845 6,300 Societies,...3,500 GAMBIER, Kenyon College and Theological Seminary,*... 1826 6,000 Nu Pi Kappa Society,. 1832 3,000 Philomathesian Society,. 1828 3,040 GLENDALE,. American Female College,. 1852 GRANVILLE,.. Denison University,*.. 1832 5,000 Calliopean Society,.. 1816 1,437 HAMMONDSVILLE,. Ben. Franklin Library Assoc., 1858 HILLSBORO,. Oakland Female Seminary,. 1840 650 Sigourney Library,.. 100 HUDSON,. Western Reserve College,*. 1. 826 7,634 Phi Delta Society,.. 1840 2,204 Philozethian Society,.. 1828 2,000 Observatory,. IBERIA,... Iberia College,. IRONTON,.. Ironton Library Association,. 1856 445 JEFFERSON,. Historical Society of Ashtabula County,...1838 Jefferson Library,. LANCASTER,. State Reform School,. LIMA,... nion College,. IMANSFIELD,. Female College,... ~Mansfield Library Association,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 MARIETTA,. Marietta College,*.. 1835 9,200 Alpha Kappa Society,. 1840 2,730 Psi Gamma ". 1840 2,400 Society of Inquiry,..815 Marietta Historical Association, 1841 150 *Marietta Library,.. 1829 1,903 NEW ATHENS,. Franklin College, *.. 1824 2,000 NEWBURG,. Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum,. NEw CoNcoRD,. Muskingum College,. 630 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. NORWALK,.. Fire Lands Historical Society, 1857 OBERLIN,. *Oberlin College,. * 1834 5,208 Theological Department, 1835 700 Union Society,... 1,000 OXFORDI... Miiami University,*.. 1812 6,500 Erodelphian Society,. 1825 1,550 Theological Seminary Associate Reformed Church,. 1839 1,500 POMEROY,. *Pomeroy Academy,. PORTSMOUTH,.. Our Club. RIPLEY,.. ~ Library Association. SANDUSKY,. High School Library,. SOMERSET,.. St. Joseph's College,... SPRINGFIELD,.. Wittenberg College,*. 1846 2,000 Excelsior Society, 1845 2,500 Philosophian Society, 1846 2,500 Theological Seminary, 1845 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1854 ST. CLAIRVILLE, High School Library, STEUBENVILLE,. City Library,.. 1848 1,336 TIFFIN,... Heidelberg College,.1850 420 Seneca Library Association,. Theological Seminary of German Reformed Church,.. 1853 2,100 TOLEDO,.. *Young Men's Association, 1838 700 TROY,.. Union School Library,.. URBANA,.. Urbana University,*. 1853 3,100 WASHINGTON,.. Miller Academy,. Philoand Jefferson Societies, 1852 400 *Franlilin Library, WESTERVILLE,.. Otterbein University,.. 1857 1,500 WEST LIBERTY,. West Liberty University,. WEST UNION,.. *Union School,. WORTHINGTON, Female College,.. 1839 480 XENIA,.. Associate Theological Seminary, 1794 2,050 YELLOW SPRINGS,. *Antioch College,*.. 1853 3,018 ZANESVILLE,.. Zanesville Athenseunm, ~ 1828 4,054 PENNSYLVANIA. AARONBURG,.. Aaronburg Academy,... Aaronburg High School. Howard High School, ABINGDON CENTRE,. Abington Academy,... AIRY VIEW,.. Airy View Academy,. ALLEGHANY CITY,. Everett Literary Society,. 1. 857. Western Theological Seminary, 1827 9,000 / 87},0 PENNSYrLVANIA. 631 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. ALLEGHANY CITY,. Young AMen's Christian Association,..1857 2,000 ALLENTOWN,.. Allentown Academy,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 81868. ALTOONA,.. Altoona Mechanics' Library and Reading-Room Association,. ASHLAND,.. Literary and Sclentific Institute,. ATHENS,'....Athens Academy, BEDFORD,.. Bedford Classical School,. BEECH CREEK,. ~ Beech Creek Graded School. BELLEFONTE,.. Bellefonte Academy,. *Farmers' High School,. BERRYSBIURG,. Berrysburg Academy,.. BETHANY,. Conference Seminary, University of North Pennsylvania, BETHLEHEM,.. Female Seminary,. 1. 785 3 500 Young Men's Missionary Society. BLAIRSVILLE,.. Literary and Scientific Society,. BOALZBURG,.. Boalzburg Academy. BOYERTOWN,.. Boyertown Seminary,. BRADFORD,.. Bradford Academy,. BRIDGEPORT,.. Union School,. BROOKVILLEI.. Barclay Library, Brookville Academy. BROWNSVILLE,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1853. BUTLER,... Witherspoon Institute,.. Young Men's Literary Assoc.,. 1857 150 BYBERRY,.. Byberry Library,.. 1794 1, 738 Philosophical Society, CANONSBURG,.. Jefferson College,*.. 1791 2,000 Franklin Literary Society,. 1797 3,679 Philo Literary Society,. 1805 4,029 Theological School,.. 1794 2,000 CARLISLE,. *Dickinson College,*... 1782 6,438 Belles-Lettres Society,..7,137 Law School, Union Philosophical Society,.. 7,563 CASSVILLE,. Cassville Seminary,. CHAMnBERSURG,. Robison's Free Library,. CHESTER),.. Chester Library Company,.. 1769 1,000 Chester Seminary,. Crozer Academy, CO,UMBIA,.. Columbia Library,.. 1856 CONTELSVILLE,. Connellsville Academy,. Preparatory School,. Union School,. COOPERSTOWN,. Cooperstown Academy,. COTTAGE,... Cottage Hill College,. DANVILLE,. *Danville Academy,. Danville High School, 632 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. DANVILLE,.. Danville Institute,. DARBY,... Sharon Observatory,... DAYTON,... Dayton Academy,. DEERFIELD.. Deerfield Academy,. DOYIESTOWN,. *Doylestown Library,... 1856 500 EASTON... Easton Library Company,.. 1811 4,139 Lafayette College,*.. 1833 2,000 Brainerd Evangelical Soc., ) Franklin Society,.. 3000 Washington Society, Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1857... ERIE,..r IrVirng Literary Institute,.. 1839 1,015 ECONOMY,. Economy Library,. FALLSINGTON,.. Fallsington Library Company, 1802 1,800 FRANKFORD,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 Friends' Asylum for Insane,. FIREDERICI,.. Frederick Institute,. FREEPORT,.. Freeport Academy,... GERMANTOWN,.. Friends' Library, Germantown Academy,. Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble-minded Children, Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858... GETTYSBURG,.. Lutheran Historical Society,. 1857 *Pennsylvania College,*. 1832 3 417 Education Society,... 1. 250 German Society,... 200 Linnean Society,.... 100 Philornathean Society,. 3,000 Phrenakosmian Society,. 1831 3,100 Theological Seminary General Synod Lutheran Church,. 1825 10,000 GLADE RUN,.. Glade Run Academy,... GIRARD,... Agricultural Library Association, GOLTDSBORO%. Union Library Association, HARLEYSVILLE,. Cassel's Library,. 1838 8,000 HARRISBURG,.. Harrisburg Academy, Harrisburg Female Seminary, State Agricultural Society,. State Library,*... 1816 15,000 State Lunatic Hospital, 1,200 *Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1855 800 HARFORD,.. Harford University, HARTSVILLE.. Tennent School,. HATBORO,. *UniOn Library,.... 1755 5,000 Young Ladies' Institute,. HAVERFORD,.. Haverford College,.. 1833 2,600 Loganian Society,.. 1848 1,000 HAZLETON,.. Hazleton Graded School,. HOLMESBURG,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858 PENNSYLVANIA. 633 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. HONESDALE,. Honesdale Academy,. *Honesdale Literary Institute,. HUNTINGDON,. l Huntingdon Academy, Huntingdon Female Seminary. INDIANA,.. Lyceum,. JERSEY SHORE,. West Branch High School, JONESTOWN,.. Swatara Literary Institute,.. 1850 271 KING OF PRUSSIA,. Union Library of Upper Merion, 1853 725 KINGSTON,.. Bennett Library,. 1851 1,000 KISHaAWQUILAS. Kishawquilas Seminary,. KITTANNING,. Kittanning Academy,. Kittanning Female Institute,.... Literary Society, LANCASTER,.. Franklin anl Marshall College, 1 6,000 Diagnothian Society,.. 1835 3,400 Goethian "... 3,000 *Historical, Agricultural, and Mechanics' Institute,. Mechanics' Library,.. 1831 1,200 Young Men's Christian Association.1855 250 LATROBE,... St. Vincent's College. LAWRENCEVILLE,. Lawrenceville Academy,. LEECHBURG. Leechburg Institute,...... LEWISBURG,.. Female Institute. Lewisburg Academy,. *University at Lewisburg,".. 1851 3,000 Euepian Society,..... 2,000 Theta Alpha,.. 22000 Theological Department,. 1856 LEWISTOWN,.. Lewistown Academy. LINGLESTOWN,.. Linglestown Institute, LOCK HAVEN,.. Lock Haven Select School, Union Graded School, LOWER MERION,. Young Mlen's Christian Associa. tion,... 1858. MBACALLISTERVILLE. Macallisterville Academy,... MOVEYTOWN,.. Mattawana School,. McKEESPOT,.. Western Seminary,. MEADVILLE,.. -Alleghany College,*... 1815 8,000 Alleghany Literary Society, 1820 350 Philo-Franklin Lit. ". 1834 900 Meadville Academy,... 1854 405 Meadville Female Seminary,. 1,000 Meadville Theological School,*. 1844 6,350 MECHANICSBURG,. Irving Female College,..... MEDIA,... Media Academy, Brook Hall Female Seminary,. Galey's Boarding School. 634 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETO. Place. Name of Institution, Founded. Volumes. MERCERSBURG,. Theological Seminary German Reformed Church,.. 1825 8,100 MIFFLINBURG,. Mifflinburg Academy,. MONTROSE,.. Montrose Academy,. MORGANTOWN,.. Morgantown Academy,. MOUNT BETHEL,. Select School,. MOUNT PLEASANT,. "Mount Pleasant Union College, 1857 250 MOUNTVILLE,.. Mountville Library and ReadingRoom Association, NAZARETH,. Moravian Historical Society,. 1857 300 NEW BERLIN,.. Union Seminary, NEW BETHLEHEM,. New Bethlehem Academy,. NEW BRITAIN,.. New Britain Seminary,. NEW CASTLE,.. New Castle Graded School, New Castle School for Teachers,... NEW COLUMBUS,. New Columbus Academy,. NEW MILFORD,. New Milford Select School,. St. Joseph's College,. NEw WILMINGTO0N,. New Wilmington Graded School, *Westminster College,. NORRISTOWN,.. Institution for Boys, Norristown Library Company, 1796 5,000 Oakland Female Institute,. 1845 3,000 Young Ladies' Literary and Library Association,. 1,000 Treemont Seminary,. NORTH STONINGTON, North Stonington School,. ORWIGSBURGn.. Academy,. PERKIOMEN BRIDGE, Penn Female College, 1851 1,000 PHILADELPHIA,. Academy of Natural Sciences,. 1812 25,000 Amer. Baptist Publication Soc.,. 1,200 Amer. Philosophical Society,* 1742 20,000 Amer. Sunday-School Union,.. 6,000 Apprentices' Library Company,*. 1821 16,226 Atheneum,... 1813 13,000 Board of Missions of Presbyterian Church,.... 1816 Carpenters' Company,. 1724 1,500 Central High School,.. 1841 1,075 Observatory. Chestnut St. Female Seminary,. Christ Church Library,... 784 College Avenue Anat. School,. Coll. of St. Thomas of Villa Nova, 1847 2;000 Controllers of Public Schools Library.. Eastern. State Penitentiary, 1835 2,300 Eclectic Medical College,. Episcopal Library and ReadingRoom,..... 500 PENNSYLVANIA. 635 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. PHILADELPHIA,. Female Medical College,.. 1850 Florence Lit. Inst. and Library, Franklin Institute,... 1830 6,962 Free Reading-Room Association of Spring Garden,.. 1,400 Friends' Asylum for the Insane. Friends' Observatory,.. German Society,... 1817 8,000 Girard College 1854 3,163 Historical Society of Penn'a, 1825 4,250 Homceopathic Medical College,. HRouse of Refuge,. Institute for Colored Youth, 1853 1,500 Institution for the Blind,.. 1833. Institution for Deaf and Dumb, 1820. Jefferson Medical College,. 1824 Kensington Literary Institute,. Law Association,. 1802 5,300 Law Department University of Pennsylvania, Library Association of Friends, 1835 5,581 *Library Company of Philadelphia and Loganian Library,* 1731 64,900 Library of the Four Monthly Meetings of Friends,. 1742 5,300 Mantua Academy. *Mkechanics' Institute of Southwark. 1850 2,700 Medical Dept. Penn'a College, 1839. Medical Dept. Univ. of Penn'a, 1765 Medical Institute of Philadelphia,. Medico-Chirurgical College, 1850 Mercantile Library Association,*[ 1811 16,500 Moyamensing Literary Institute, 1852 2,400 Northern Liberties Franklin Lib.., *Page Library, Penn'a Acad. of the Fine Arts, 1805 200 Penn'a. Coll. of Dental Surgery, 1856. Penn'a Horticultural Society, 1833 1,050 Pennsylvania Hospital, 1762 11,000 Penn'a Hospital for the Insane,... 3,800 Penn'a Seamen's Friend Society, 1845... Philadelphia City Institute, 1855 1 500 Philad. Coll. of Dental Surgery,. Philad. College of Medicine,. 1835. Philad. College of Pharmacy,.1822 1,000 Philadelphia Hospital (Blockley), Philadelphia Library Association of Colored Brethren. Philadelphia School of Anatomy, 636 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. PHILADELPHIA,. Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture,. Polytechnic College,*.. 1853 Philotechnic Society,. 1857 Presbyterian Board of Publication,.. 1,500 Presbyterian Historical Society,.. 500 Public Lib. for People of Color, 1,300 Southwark Library Company, 1822 8,237 *Spring Garden Institute,..,250 St. Joseph's College,*. Theological Seminary Reformed Presbyterian Church, Theological Seminary St. Charles of Boromeo,. United States Mint,.. 250 United States Navy Yard, University of Pennsylvania,. 1750. 5,000 Philomathean Society, 1813 1, 700 Zelosophic d. 1829 1,250 Wagner Free Institute of Science, 1855 7,000 Walnut St. Female Seminary,. West Philadelphia Institute,. 1853 2,403 Wills Hospital,. Wistar Medical College, Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1855 2,500 Young Men's Institute,. 1850 PINE GROVE,.. Pine Grove Academy, PITTSBURG,.. German Library, 1854 1,600 House of Refuge,.. 1854 Pittsburg Female College,.... Theological Seminary Associate Presbyterian... 1828 1,500 Western Pennsylvania Hospital, 1854. Western University of Penn'a,. 1855 684 Young Catholics' Friend Soc.,... Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1855 400 *Young Men's Mercantile Library Association,.. 1847 2,700 POINT PLEASANT,. Point Pleasant Academy.. POTTSVILLE,.. Pottsville Literary Society,. Scientific Association,.. 1854 373 Young Men's Christian Assoc., PROMPTON,.. Prompton Academy,. PULASKI,... Pulaski Graded School,. QUAKERTOWN,.. Richland Library,. RAINSBURG,.. Alleghany Seminary... READING,... Reading Institute,. *Reading Library,. RIDGWAY,.. *Library Association... PENNSYLVANIA. 637'Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. ROXBOROUGH,.. Roxborough Lyceum,.. 1857 800 SALENA,... Salena School,. SCRANTON,.. Scranton Graded School, SHADE GAP,.. Shade Gap Seminary, SHIRLEYSBURG,. Female Seminary,. Juniata Academy,. Shirleysburg Female Seminary. SMETHPORT,.. Smethport Academy,. STOUCHBURG,.. Stouchburg Academy, STROUDSBURG.. Stroudsburg Library,. TOWANDA,.. *Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, TROY,... Troy Academy,. TUscARORA,.. Tuscarora Academy,. UNIONVILLE,.. Unionville High School,. UTICA,... Utica Academy,. VENANGO,.. Venango Academy,. VILLAGE GREEN,. Village Green Seminary,. WARREN,... Warren Academy,. Union Graded School, WVASHINGTON,.. Washingtoa College,*. 1806 3,800 Washington Lit. Society,. Young lMen's Christian Assoc., 1857 300 WAVERLEY, Madison Academy,... WAYNESBURG. College,. WrELLSBOROUGH,. Vellsborough Academy,. WEST CHESTER,. Chester County Athenseum,.182' 2,092 Chester County Cabinet of Natural Science,... 1826 230 *National. Library and' ReadingRoom,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858 WEST-TOwN,.. West-Town School. WILKESBARRE. ~ Library and Bar Association. Wyoming Historical and Geological Society. WILLIAMSPORT,. Dickinson Seminary... WOODVALE,.. Laurel Hill Academy, WVYOM1NG,.. Luzerne Institute... Wyoming Seminary,... YoRK,;. York County Acad, for Boys, York County Acad. for Ladies, Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1855 400 638 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution, Founded. Volumes. RHODE ISLAND. BARRINGTON,.. District Library..... 550 BRISTOL,... Old Library,.... 550 State Normal School,. 147 BURRILLVILLET,. ~ Manton Library,.808 CAROLINA MILLS,. Library,.100 CENTREDALE,.. Fruit Hill Classical Institute,. CHARLESTOWN.. Itinerating Library,. 06 CHEPACKET,.. Manton Library,.750 COVENTRY,. Bowen's Hill Library,.... 405 Washington Village Library,... 402 CUMBERLAND HILL,. Carrington Library,..... 2500 Manton Library,.... 375 EAST GiREENWIcH,. Social Library,.. 100 Episcopal Parish Library,.100 *Methodist Seminary,..... 870 EXETER,... Fisberville Library.. 675 FOSTER,... Manton Library,.. 1,200 HOPrINTON,.. Brand's Iron Works... 800 JAMESTOWN,.. Old Library,. 550 Village Library,. 500,KINGSTON,.. Kingston Hill Library,... 800 High School,. EINIGIITSVILLE,. District, No. 8, Library,... 400 LITTLE COMPTONI. Social Library,...... 1,108 LONSDALE,.. Lonsdale Library,..... 900 MIDDLETOWN,.. Library,.... 300 NEWPORT,.. Berkely Institute,. Hammond's Circulating Library,.. 8,000 Mechanics' Library,... 1828 1,100 Newport Historical Society,. 1857 Redwood Library,*... 1730 7,052 Richardson's Circulating Library,... 500 NEW SHOREHAM,. Island Library.... 400 NORTH SCITUATE,. Aborn Library,.... 450 Rhode Island Seminary,. Smithville Seminary,... 500 PAWTUCKET,.. District, No. 2,... 350 Pawtucket Library... 2,000 PEACEDALE,.. Peacedale Library,..... 100 Rodman's District Library,.. 100 PHNIX,... Phoenix Village Library,..... 720 River Point Classical Seminary,. PORTSMOUTH,.. North End Library,... 425 South End Library,... 650 PROVIDENCE7.. *Brown University,*.. 1764 28,500 Philermenian Society,. 1798 4,000 United Brothers' Society,. 1806 4,000 RHODE ISLAND-SOUTH CAROLINA. 639 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. PROVIDENCE,. Butler Hospital for the Insane,. Commercial Academy. *City Teachers' Library,..' 500 Female Seminary,. Franklin Lyceum,.. 1831 2,500 Franklin Society,. ~ 1823 600 Friends' Boarding School, 1819 1,500 Mechanics' Library,... 3,500 Perrins' Circulating Library, 1820 5,000 1753 Providence Athenceum, 1831. 22,602 Providence Bar Library,. 1830 1,700 Public High School Library,.. 19,637 Reform School,... 1850 Rhode Island Art Association,. 1854 Rhode Island Historical Society,* 1822 3,000 Rhode Island Inst. of Instruction, 1845 Rhode Island Soc. for Encouragement of Domestic Industry,. 1820 State Agricultural Society,. State Library,..... 1,500 State Normal School, 1854... Winsor's Circulating Library, 1848 4,700 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1853 1,650 SLATERSVILLE,.. Slatersville Library,... 750 Globe,...350 Hamlet,...275 Bernon,.... 200 TIVERTON, Globe Factory,... 160 Union Society.... WARREN,. Lyceum,.... 850 Young Ladies' Seminary,... 400 WARWICK, Boys' Family School, Ladies' Libray,... 250 Old Warwick Library,.. 475 WESTERLY,.. Paucatuck Library,... 2,000 S. CAROLINA. ABBEVILLE,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1857 ANDERSON,. Johnson Female University,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. BEAUFORTT. Beaufort Library,... CAMDEN,.. Camden Library, Theological Seminary Epis. Ch., CEDAR SPRING,. Deaf and Dumb Institution, ~ 1849. Institution for the Blind,.. 1855. 640 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. CHARLESTONX. Apprentices' Library,. 1824 7,000 College of Charleston,*.. 1791 7,000 Charleston City Library,.. 1,800 Charleston Library Society, 1748 20,000 Eliot Society of Natural History, Female High School,.... Medical College State of S. C., 1833 l 2450 Medical Society of S. Carolina,. Observatory, South Carolina Historical Soc.,. 1855... Southern Baptist Publication Society,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1854 440 CHERAW,. Cheraw Literary Society,. 1848 800 COLUMBIA. Atheneum,... 1856 2,400 Legislative Library,.. 1814 12,000 Library of the Court of Appeals, 1837 3,500 Saint Mary's College,. S. C. Asylum for Insane,. South Carolina College,'. 1805 25,000 Theological Seminary of the Synod of S. Carolina and Ga.,. 1830 16,600 Society of Inquiry,.200 Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1. 855 75 DUE WEST,. *Erskilne College, FAIR FOREST,. State Agricultural Society,. GREENVILLE,. Female Institute,. Furman Theological Seminary, 1,000 *Furman University,*. 1852 1,500 Adelphian,. Franklin Reading Society, Philosophian,... Theological Department, 1835 Young Men's Missionary Society, GREENWOOD,. Fuller Institute,. Greenwood Library, 1847 900 Hodges Institute, 1848 615 LAURENS,..F Female College,. LEXINGTON, Theological Seminary of Evangelicazl Lutheran Church,. 1833 1,800 ORANGEBURG),. *Kiett Library,. PENDLETON,. Farmers' Society,. SOCIETY HILL,. Library,. SPARTANBURG.. Institution for Deaf and Dumb, 1849. Female College,.. 1855... Wofford College,.. 1853 1,000 SUMTER,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858. UNIONVILLE;.. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858. TENNESSEE. 641 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. TENNESSEE. BROWNSVILLE,. Brownsville Female College. CARTHAGE,.. Literary Association,.. CHATTANOOGA,.. Academy,. CLARKSVILLE,.. Stewart College,.. 1848.. Stewart Society,. Washington Irving Society, Young Men's Christian Assoc.. COLUMBIA5,. Female Institute,.. 1839 3,500 Jackson College,*. 1834 3,500 Societies,.. 500 DENMHARE,. Female College,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., ENON COL~LEEt. Enon College.1 851 FAIRFIELD, Dtuck River Male Academy,. FALL BRANOH,.. Fall Branch Seminary,. FRANKLIN COLLEGE, Franklin College,*. 1.. 845 10,000 (Near Nashville.) Apollonian Society,. 1845 10,000 Euphronian " 500 GERMANTOWN,.. Shelby Male High School, 1854 1,200 Eromathean Society.. GREENEVILLE,.. Greeneville College,... 1800 3,300 Tusculum College,*. 1835 1,000 HIAWASSEE COLLEcGE Hiawassee College..1100 Eroalethian Society, Eromathesian Society, IRVING COLLEGE, *Irving College, 1851 312 JAcKSO,... West Tennessee College,.. 1843 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858. JONESBORO,.. Holston Baptist Fenale Institute. KNOXVILLE, *..Deaf and Dumb Institution,. 1850 823 East Tennessee Universityv,* 1819 3,000 Chi Delta Society,.. 1,100 Medical Department,. 1856 Philomathesian,... 1,100 Young Men's Christian Assoc., LA GRANGE,... La Grange College,.. 1857 485 LEBANON,.. Cumnberland University,*.. 1844 5,000 Law Department,. Theological Department,. 1854? 7',000 LEWISBURG.. Judson Female Institute,. LEXINGTON,.. Howell Institute, MARxIoN... Collegiate Institute, MARYVILLE,. S. outhwest Theological Seminary, and Maryville College,'".. 1821 4,2 5 Beth Hacma Society,. Beth Hacma ve Berith,. 41 642 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. MEMPHIS,.. Medical College, *-Odd Fellows' Library Assoc.,. Youngy Men's Christian Assoc., 1855 250 McLEMoRESVILLn,. Bethel College,.... MCMINNVILLE,.. Central Female Institute,. MOSSY CREEK.. Mossy Creek Baptist College, 250 MURFREESBORO,. Tennessee Female Institute,. 5Union University,*. 1848 2,500 NASHVILLE,.. Female Institute, Institution for the Blind, 1844 Law School,. Mechanics' Institute,. 1854... State Agricultural Society,. State Hospital,. State Library,.. 1855 13,300 Tennessee Historical Society,. 0'University of Nashville,*. 1826 14,000 Erosophian Society,. 4,159 Medical Department, 1850 Western Military Institute, 1848 Washington Institute, Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1855 PULASKI,... *Giles College, ROGERSVILLE,.. Caldwell College,... SPRING CREEK, Male Institute,. T.RENTON,. *Anidrew College, Bascom Rhetorical Society, 1854 520 WaSaINGTOXN COLL., Washington College,.. 179 100 WITNCHESTER,.. Mary Sharp College,.. 1855 600 TEXAS. AUSTIN,.. Female Academy,. Literary and Library Association, State Library,...1837 1,000 Supreme Court Library,. r-University of Texas. BASTROP,.. Male and Female Academy. CHAPPELL HILL,. Chappell Hill College, Soule University, CLARKSVILLE,.. McKenzie's Institute,. DANGERFIELD,.. Margaret Houston Female Coll., GALVESTON 0 O. College of the Immaculate Conceptio,. Female Seminary. Galveston Reading Club,. University of St. lMary,.. 1854 TEXAS-VERMONT. 643 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. GAY HILL,.. Live Oak Female Seminary, 1851 GILMER,... Gilmer Female College. GOLIAD,... Aranama College,.. 1855 Paine Institute,. HENDERSON,.. Fowler's Institute,. HOUSTON,.. Houston Lyceum,.1854 700 HUNTSVILLE,.. Andrew Female College.. Austin College,* 1850... Clay1 Union Society,. Philomathean Society,.. INDEPENDENCE,. Baylor University, 1845 1 000 Eusophian Society,. Philomathesian Society,. Young Men's Chr'n Assoc.,. Female High School,... LARISsA,... Larissa College,. MARSHALL,.. Marshall University,.. NACOGDOCHES,.. Lyceum,. NEW WIED,. Western Texas University. PALESTINE,. 4Franklin College,. PARIS,... Female Institute,. RUTERSVILLE,.. Rutersville Female College, Texas Christian College, Texas Monumental and Military Institute,.... 1856 350 SAN AUGUSTINTE. East Texas University,.. SEGUIN,... Guadalupe High School,. 1851 STARRVILLE,.. Female College,. TYLER,... Lyceum,. Tyler University, WACO,... Female Collee,. WAVERLY,.. Waverly Institute,. WOODVILLE,. Woodville College... VERMONT. BARNET,... Vt. Hist. and An-tiq. Society,*.1838 1,500 BARRE,..B Barre Academy,. BENNINGTON,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc., BRADFORD,.. Bradford Academy,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1858 BRANDON,. Literary and Scientific Inst.,. Vermont Lit. and Scientific Inst., BRATTLEBORO,.. Library Association,.. 1842 1, 873 State Agricultural Society,. Vermont Asylum for Insane,. BRISTOL.. Bristol Lit. and Scientific Inst. 644 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. BROWNINGTON,. Orleans County Grammar School BURLINGTON,.. Burlington Female Seminary,.1835 State Agricultural Society. *University of Vermont,*. 1836 8,549 College of Natural History, 1826 Medical Department,.. 1821... Phi Sigma Nu Society,. 1823 1,874 Society for Religious Inquiry, 1835 534 University Institute Society,.. 1,500 CASTLETON.. Castleton Medical College,.. 818 Castleton Seminary. Rutland County Grammar School, CHELSEA,.. Chelsea Academy. CHESTER,.. Chester Academy,. CoNCoRD,.. Essex County Grammar School, DANVILLE,.. Phillips Academy. DERBY,... Derby Academy, Derby Library,.. 1853 500 EAST TOWNSEND,. Leland Acaclemy, ENON COLLEGE,. Enon College,.... ESSEX,. / Chittenden County Institute,. FAIRFAX,... New Hampton Theol. Seminary,* 1829 GLOVER,... Orleans Liberal Institute,. IIINESBURGH,.. Hinesburgh Academy,. 1826 JOHNSON,... Lamoille Co. Grammar School, LUDLOWm... Black River Academy. Ludlow Academy,. IMANCHESTER,.. Burr Seminary,. MCINDOE'S FALLS,. McIndoe's Falls Seminary,. 1853 MIDDLEBURY;.. Addison -Co. Grammar School,. 1797. *Middlebury College,*.. 1800 5,000 Philadelphian Society,.1804 770 Philomathesian,. Middlebury Female Seminary,. IMfONTPELIER1.. ~ State Library,*... 1825 7,100 Washington Co. Grammar School, NEWBURY,.. Newbury Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute,.. 700 NORTHFIELD;.. Northfield Institution, NoRwICH,.. Norwich University,*.. 1843 2,000 PAWLET... Mettowee Academy,. PEACHAM,.. Caledonia County Academy,. RAND oLPH,.. Orange County Grammar School, ROYALTON,. Normal Institute, RUTLAND,,. High School Library,. 1857 1 000 Rutland Academy,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., SEIOREHAM,.. Newton Academy,. SPRINGFIELD,.. Wesleyan Seminary,. ST. ALBANS,.. Academy,... TERMONT-VIRGINIA. 645 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. ST. JOHNSBURY,. St. Johnsbury Academy and Normal Institute,. TIHETFORD,. ~ Thetford Academy,. TOWNSHIEND,.. Townshend Academy, WEST RANDOLPH,. West Randolph Academy,.... WEST POULTNEY,. Troy Conference Academy, WOODSTOCK,.. Vermont Medical College,.. 1835 VIRGINIA. ALEXANDRIA,.. -Alexandria Library,*... 1794 4,481 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1853 300 BERRYVILLE,.. Academy Library,.... 1,000 Library Association... 600 BETHANY,.. Bethany College,*.. 1840 1,500 Adelphian Society,. 1852. American Literary Institute, 1841 515 Neotrophian Society, 1841 562 BOTETOURT SPRINGS, Valley Union Seminary,. BOYDTON,.. Randolph Macon College,s*. 1832 2,000 Franklin Society,... 2,300 Washington Society,. 2000 CHARLOTTESVILLE,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. Young Ladies' Institute,. CHRISTIANSBURG,. Montgomery Academy,. 1849 400 CLARKSBURG-.. Northwest Virginia Academy,. CULPEPER,. Culpeper Military Institute, 1867... DANVILLE,.. Lyceum,.... EMORY,.. *Emory and Henry College,* 1839 11,097 Calliopean Society,... 2,717 Hermesian ".. 2,693 FAIRFAX,... Literary and Theological Inst.,. 1826.. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. FREDERICKSBURG,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1856 560 HAMPDEN-SIDNEY,. Hampden-Sidney College,. 1776 2,347 Philanthropic Society,.. 1807 2,765 Union Society,.. 1789 3,500 Union Theological Seminary,. 1828 4,443 HAMPTON,. - Chesapeake Female College... 3,000 LANGLY,.. Langly Literary Club,. LEESBURG,.. Academy,... LEWISBURG,. Court of Appeals Library. LEXINGTON,.. *Lexington Library Company,. Virginia Military Institute,*. 1841 4,000 Cadet's Society,.. 1840 600 Virginia Dialectic Society, 1848 272 Washington College,*. 1776 2,500 646 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. LEXINGTON. Graham Philanthropic Soc., 1809 2,500 Washington Literary Soc.,. 1812 1,700 LYNCHBURG,.. *Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1856 MADISON,... Library Association,.. ~ 1842 353 MANCHESTER,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc. 1858 MARTINSBURG,.. Lycenm, MORGANTOWN,.. Monongalia Academy,. 1814 NORFOLK,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1856 ~Merchants' and Mechanics' Exchange,. Washington Institute,. NORTHUMBERLAND,. Academy Library....' 150 PARKERSBURG,.. Literary Association,... 1844 360 PETERSBURG,.. Library of Petersburg,. 1853 4,700 Young Men's Christian Assoc. PORTSMOUTH,.. Library Association,. United States Navy Yard, Va. Male and Female Coll. Inst., 1851 1,750 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1856 320 PRUNTYTOWN,.. Rector College,*.. 1840 2,500 RICHNIoND,.. Female Institute, Med. Dept. Hamp. Sid. College, 1. 838 Richmond College, *... 1843 1,500 Mu Sigma Rho Society,. Richmond Library Association,. State Agricultural Society,. State Library,*... 1823 13,000 Virginia Baptist Seminary,.. 1832 1,000 Virginia Hist. and Phil. Society, 1831 2,500 +Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1854 2,170 ROMNEY:... Literary Society,.. 1819 1, 000 Potomac Seminary,.. 1851 700 SALEM.... *Roanoke College,*.. 1854 2,500 STAUNTON,.. Institution for Deaf and Dumb, and Blind, 1839 Wesleyan Female Institute, Western LunaticAsylum,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1856 FATHEOLOGICAL SECO., Theological Seminary,. 1823 7,500 Missionary Society,. UNIV. OF VIRGINIA,. University of Virg nia,. 1825 30,000 Law School, Medical School,.. 1819 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. WESTON,.. * Everett Literary Society,. 1857 50 WHEELING,.. Wheeling Institute,. WILLIAMSBURG,. Eastern Lunatic Asylum. * William and Mary College,. 1693 8,000 Law School,... 1,000 VIRGINIA —WISCONSIN. 647 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. WINCHESTER,.. Medical College,. Valley Female Institute. *Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1856 1,062 WISCONSIN. ALLEN'S GROVE, Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858 APPLETON., Lawrence University,.. 1851 4,500 BEAVER DAI.. *Wayland University,... 1855 500 BELOIT,... -Beloit College,*... 1848 2.491 Archen Society,.. 1848 700 Missionary Society,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858. DELAFIELD,. ~ Nashotah House,... 1847 2,700 DELAVAN,.. Inst. for the Detf and Dumb,. 1853... Fox LAKE,.. Wisconsin Female College,,. GALESVILLE,.. Galesville University,...1 4 300 GRAND RAPIDS,. Grand Rapids University,. HUDSON,... Hudson Literary Association,. JANESVILLE,.. Female Seminary,... 1854 150 Mechanics' Institute,... 1856 180 State Institution for the Blind,. 1850 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1858 JEFFERSON,.. Jefferson Institute,... 1855 250 KENOSHAn.. High School,.... 1851 200 Odd Fellows' Library,. 1850 1.8300 LA CROSSE,. Northwestern University,.. Symphony College,. MADIsoN, Executive Library,.. 1848 6 00 Female Seminary... 85 18 00 High School,... 300 Historical Society of Wisconsin,"* 1854 4,000 Madison Instiut... 1854 700 State Agricultural Society,. 1851 300 State Library,.. 1836 7,000 Superintendent of Schools,. 1848 500 University of Wisconsin,.. 1848 3,000 Athenman,.... 300 Hesperian,... 300 Medical Department. Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Association... Young Men's Association.. MANITOWOC,.. Young Men's Institute. MAZO,... Haskall University,... MILWAUKIE,.. Aner's Circulating Library,. 3,,000 Catholic Seminary,... 1855 2,500 Collegiate Institute,. 648 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. MJILWAIUKIE.. Cosmopolitan Society,.. 1858. Female College,... 1850 487 Curious Society,... 1856 217 German and English Academy,. 1851 480 German and French Cir. Library, 1850 4)000 Milwaukie University,.. 1856 150 Yallop's Circulating Library,. 1851 800 *Younug Men's Associatioln.. 1848 4,000 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 1855 OGDENSBURGI.. Ogdensburg University,..... OSaKOSH,.. Young Men's Association,. PLATTEVILLE,. Platteville Academy,.. 1845 17045 Philozetean,.... 500 PORTAGE,... Young Men's Institute,. RACINE,... Public School Library,. 1854 1,300 Racine College,.. 1851 1,450 Philomathean Society,.. Racine Library Association,. 1852 000 RIPON,... Brockway College,... 1857 900 STE. MARIE,.. St. Mary's College,. SINSINAWA MOU:ND,. Sinsiniwa Mound College,. 1853 4,500 WATERTOWN,. Young Men's Association,.. 1857 200 WAUKESHA,. i Carroll College,.. 1846 1,200 Philomathean Society,. 1855 100 WAUPUN,. State Prison,.. 1854 500 WAUSHARA,. Female Seminary,. DISTRICT of C OLUMB U IA. GEORGETOWN,. e Georgetown College,... 1792 26,000 Observatory, Philodemic Society,.. 1830.... Philonomosian Society,. 1839... Reading-Room Association,. 1850... WASHINGTON,.. Art Association, Central Academy,. Coast Survey Office,. 1832 3,017 Columbia Institution for Dumb and Blind,.. 1857. Columbian College,.. 1821 5,000 Enosinian Society,. 1822 1,243 Philophrenian Society,. 1856 313 *Columbian Library Company,. 1852 900 Copyright Library,... 1831 12,000 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA-KANSAS. 649 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. WASHINGTON,. Department of the Interior,.. 3,000 Department of State,.. 1789 14,000 Department of the Treasury,... 4,256 Department of War,.. 1832 3,500 Emerson Institute,. Engineer Department,.. 1700 Executive Mansion,... 3,000 Force Library,... 20,000 Franklin Fire Company,... 100 Gonzaga College, Hospital for the Insane,. Law Library of Congress,.. 12,300 Library of Congress,... 1851 50,700 Library of the House of Representatives (Documents),... 507000 Light-House Board,... 600 Masonic Library,.. 200 Med. Depart. Georgetown Coill., 1850 Metropolitan Hook and Ladder Company,... 250 National Institute,. 1.840 5,000 National Medical College,. 1825 National Observatory,.. 1842 1,000 Ordnance Bureau,.. 1,000 Patent Office,... 1837 8,856 Rittenhouse Academy,. Smithsonian Institution,. 1. 849 25,000 Solicitor's Office, Law Library, 1840 3,200 Topographical Engineers' Bureau,. 600 Union Academy, U. S. Agricultural Society,.. 200'Washington Library,... 1814 13,000 Washington Seminary,.. Western Academy,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 1852 2,900 KANSAS. LAWRENCE,.. *Polytechnic Association,. *Scientific and Historical Society, LEAVENWORTH CITY, Young Men's Christian Assoc., 18. 58.. LECOMPTON,.. Territorial Library,... 1858 7,0000 650 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. NEBRASKA. DAKOTAIa CITY,. Dakotah City Library,. FONTENELLI,. Nebraska University,. OMAHAx.. Nebraska Historical Society. Territorial Library,..800 Simpson University,. NEW MEXICO. SANTA FE. * Territorial Library,. ORIEGON. ALBANY,... Albany Library and Lit. Inst.,.1856 191 LA CREOLE,.. Academical Institute, LAFAYETTE,.. Presbyterial Academy,. Yanihill Agricultural Society,. OREGON CITY,.. Oregon City University,.. 1856 200 Oregon College,.. 1850 Tualatin Collegee, PORTLAND,.. Academy,. ROSEBURG,.. *Umpqua Academy,. SALEM,. Oregon Institute, Territorial Library, 1857 160 *Walamet University,*.. SANTIAM,.. Academy,. TuE GROVE,. Pacific University,* 1853 1,500 WASHINGTON. OLYMPIA,.. Public Library,.... 1,500 *Territorial Library,.... 2,852 Territorial Agricultural Society. SEATTLE,.. Territorial University,. 1855. ASSOCIATIONS, ETC. 651 ASSOCIATIONS HOLDING MEETINGS IN DIFFERENT PLACES AND PUBLISHING PROCEEDINGS. Name of Institution. Founded. Secretary, 1858-59. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF EDUCATION,. 1849 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEAMENT OF SCIENCE,. 1847 J. Lovering, Cambridge. AM)ERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NORMAL SCHOOL INSTRUCTORS,. 1855 IR. Edwards, St. Louis, Mo. AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION,. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF HOM(EOPATHY.... 1844. AIMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 1847 { S. N. Bemiss, M.D., Louis- AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION) 1851 Edw. Parrish, Philadelphia. AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,... ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENTS OF AMERICAN INSTI- Dr C. H. Nichols WashTUTIONS FOR THE INSANE) 1845 Dr. C.. ichosashCONFEDERATION OF YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS.. 1854 W. M. Gray, Buffalo, N. Y. INSTRUCTORS OF THE BLIND..... INSTRUCTORS OF THE DEAF AND DUMB,......... NATIONAL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION, 1857 J. W. Bulkley, N. Y. CANADA. 653 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. COMIPTON,.. Academy,... 1853 COOKSHIRE,. ~ Academy,... 1854 300 COTEAU ST. LOUIS,. Deaf and Dumb Institution,.1849 Model School,.... COTE DES NEIGES,. Model School,. COWANSVILLE,.. Academy,.1..1852 DANVILLE,.~ Academy,...1854 DESCHAMBEAULT,. Model School,. DRUMMONDVILLE,. Library Assoc. and Mech. Inst.,. DUDSWELL,.. Academy, 1855 DUNDAS,... Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. DUNHAM,... Academy,..... 1852 DURHAM,... Academy,. 1840 FARNHAM CENTREI. Catholic Academy,.. 1855 Protestant,... 1854 FERGUS,... Young Men's Christian Assoc., FONTHILL,.. Mechanics' Institute. FRELEIGHIIBUaRG. Academy,... 1856 GALT ~.. Young Men's Christian Assoc., GASPE BASINT.. Reading-Room Association. GENTILLY,.. Academy,... 1856 400 GEORGEVILLE,.. Academy,... 1854 GRANBY,... Academy,. GUELPH,... Mechanics' Institute,.. 1,000 HAMILTON,. Central School,.. City Hospital,. Mechanics' Institute. Mercantile Library Association. 2,000 Orphan Asylum, Young Men's Christian Assoc., HEMMINGFORD,. Mechanics' Institute,. HUNTINGDONI.. Academy,.. 1852 Mechanics' Institute,. INIDUSTRY VILLAGE,. Joliette College,.. 1846 1,321 IROQUOIS VILLAGE,. Town Library,. KAMOURA SKA,... Academy,... 1853 Classical College,. St. Ambroise Academy,. 1855 KILDARE,. Asylum for Insane Convicts,. KINGSTON.. Asylum for Male Criminal Lunatics, General Hospital,... House of Industry,. Mechanics' Institute. Provincial Penitentiary,. Regiopolis College,.18. 1835. University of Queen's College, 1841. Young Men's Christian Assoc., KNOWLTON,.. Academy,..... 1854 L'ASSOMPTION,. Academy,... 1847 100 654 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. L'AssoIPTION,. College,.... 1832 1,700 Classical College. L'AVENIR,.. Drummond Mechanics' Institute,... Model School,. LA BAgA,.. Mechanics' Institute. LA CHINE,.. Model School,. LA CHUTE,. * Classical College,.. 1855 1,057 Mechanics' Institute,. LA COLLE,. M. Iodel School. LA NORAIE.. Mechanics' Institute,... L'ORIGINAL,.. Mechanics' Institute... LA PRAIRIE,.. Academy,. 1847 Literary Society, Model School,. LAVAL,... College of Laval,.. 1854 1,000 LENNOXYILLE.. Bishop's College,.. 1843 2,500 Protestant School of Theology,. 1841 1,000 L'ISLET,... Academy,.. 1850 LONDON,.. City Hospital. Colonial Church and School Society School,... County Grammar School, Mechanics' Institute,. Mercantile Library Association, Union Common School. Young Men's Christian Assoc., LONG POINT,.. Instit. for Female Deaf Mutes,. 1853 Academy,.. 1852 LONGUEUIL,.. Academy,.. 1843 900 Academy,.. 1855 LORETTE,... Boys' Model School,. Girls' Model School,. LOTBINIERE,.. Academy,.1853 MAGOG,... odel School,. MARTINTOWN,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., MAsSON,.. Classical College,., 1847 1,000 MELBOURNE,.. Mechanics' Inst. and Lib. Assoc. IETCALFE, ~. Mechanics' Institute,... MIIRICKVILLE,.. Mechanics' Institute,. MISSISQo,.. Academy,..185 1,000 MONTGOMERY,.. Academy, 1849 450 MIONTREAL,.. Academr y of Cong. Notre Dame, 1653 1,750 Academy of St. Vincent de Paul, 1842 1)560 Advocates' Library,. Agricultural Association, Amer. Presbyterian Free School. Board of Agriculture,.. Botan. and Zoological Gardens,. British and Canadian School,. Cabinet de Lecture Paroissial,. 24,000 CANADA. 655 Place. NTame of Institution. Founded. Volumes. MONTREAL,.. Canada Sunday-School Union. Canadian Institute,...,000 Catholic Commercial Academy,. 1853 Catholic School of Theol., Grand Seminary of Montreal.. 1,200 Christian Brothers' Schools,. College Street,. Dorchester Street,. Recollet. St. James... Vitr... Church of England Association for Young Men,... Church Society,. Circulating Library,. College of Montreal,... 1773 11.000 College de Ste. Marie,.. 1849 7;,100 Colonial Church and School Soc., Educational Department,.. 1842... High School of McGill College, 1840 Home and School of Industry,. Horticultural Society, Indian Department,. Institut Canadian FranSais,.. 1,000 Jacques Cartier Normal School,. 1857 3,050 McGill University Society,.. 1827 3,800 Mechanics' Institute,. Medico-Chirurgical Society, Mercantile Library Association,. Merchants' Exchange and Reading-Room,... 854 Montreal College... Montreal General Hospital, National School, Natural History Society,.. 1827 Orphan Asylum, Protestant,. Orphan Asylum, R. Catholic,. Pointe-aux Trembles Academy,. 1690 200 Royal Institution,. School of Medicine and Surgery, 1843 1,000 St. Lawrence School of Medicine, St. Mary's College,.. 1849 7,100 School of Law,... 1852 University of McGill College,. 1839 1,500 Medical Department,.. 2,536 Normal School,. 1.. 857 200 War Department, Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. NICOLET,.. Academy,..... 1854 700 Catholic School of Theology, 1854 500 656 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. NICOLET,.. College of Nicolet,. 1804 6,500 NOTREDAMEDELEVI, Academy,... 1853 1,170 OAKVILLE,.. Mechanics' Institute,. OTTAWA CITY).. Bytown College,.... 849 Young Men's Christian Assoc.,.... PHILLIPSBURG.. Academy,....1850 NAPANEEM. Mechanics' Institute,. NIAGARA,.. Mechanics' Institute,... 1,000 NORVAL,.. Farmers and Mechanics' Inst., OSHAWA,... Library Association,.. OTTAWA,.. Mech. Institute and Athenoeum,... Canadian Institute,. PERTH,... Mechanics' Institute,.... 1,000 P'TE AUX TREMBLES, Protestant Institute,. POINT LEVI,.. College of Notre Dame de la Victoire,... 1853 2,000 POINTE CLAIRE,. Academy,... 1784 150 Model School,. POINTE DU LAC,. Model School. PORT HOPE,.. Mechanics' Institute,... POTTON,... Academy,.. 1857. PRES COTT.. Mechanics' Institute,. PRINCEVILLE, STAN- Model School. FOLD, QUEBEC,... British and Canadian School, Canadian Institute,. Cath. School of Theology, Grand Seminary,... 1663 1,500 Church Society,. Education Society,.... General HEospital. 1725 900 High School,.1848 1,000 Laval Normal School, 1857 200 Laval Normal and Model School, Laval University,... 1663 3,700 Library Association,. Literary and Historical Society,. 1831... Mechanics' Institute,. Minor Seminary,.. 1666 18,000 National School, Orphan Asylum, Point aux Trembles Academy,. 1713 Quebec Exchange,. Reading-Room,. Roman Cath. Inst. of St. Roch, Seminary of Quebec,. 1. 663 22,633 St. Andrew's School,. St. Patrick's Catholic Institute, Ursuline Academy,. 1640 675 RENFREW,.. Mechanics' Institute,. CANADA. 657 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. RICHMOND,.. College of St. Francis,.. 1,000 Mechanics' Institute and Library Association,. RIGAUD,... College of Rigaud,.. i 1852 500 RIMOUSKI,.. Academy,... 1853... RIVIERE IES PRAIRIES, Model School,. RIVIERE DU Loup,. Model School,. RIVIERE OUELLE,. Academy,..... i 1809 154 RociKwooD,.. Asylum for Female Lunatics,. RONVILLE,. Classical College,. ROXTON,... Model School,. SCARBORO,.. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,.... SHANNONVILLE, Public Library,. SHEFFORD,. Academy,.. 1834 SHERBROOKE,.. Academy,... 1830 Library Assoc. and Mech. Inst.,. Church and School Society,. College of Sherbrooke,.. 1855... SMITH'S FALLS,. Mechanics' Institute,. SOMERSET,.. Model School,. SOREL,... Academy,.1. 850 Catholic Academy,... 1853 Protestant,.. 1855 STANBRIDGE,.. Academy,.... 1854 STANSTEAD,. ~ Academy,.. 1829 Library Assoc. and Mech. Assoc.. STANSTEAD PLAIN,. Library Assoc. and Mech. Inst.,. STRATFORD,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., Mechanics' Institute,.. 1,000 ST. AIME,.. Academy,... 1855 ST. ANDRE,. Academy,.. 1854 250 ST. ANDREWS,.. Academy,... 1857 Mech. Institute and Lib. Assoc., ST. ANDREWS DE } Acaeiy..... KAMOURASKA, Academy, STE. ANNE LAPOCATIERE College, 182'7 6,000 TIERE.' STE. ANNE DE LA, i odel School, PERADE,. ) ST. ANNE LAPERADE, Academy,.. 1854. ST. ANTOINE DE odel School, TILL~,. IModel School,.......... ST. ATHANASE,. Canadian Institute of Iberville,. 1,000 ST. BERNARD,. Academy,.1. 1853 200 ST. CATHERINE'S,. Mechanics' Institute,.. 1,000 ST. CESAIRE,. Academy,. 1855. ST. CHARLES,.. Mechanics' Institute,. Model School, ST. CHARLES IN- } Academy,.1855.. DUSTRIE,. 42 658 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. ST. CLEMENT DE Academy... 1822 25 BEAUHARNOIS, ST. CONSTANT,.. Model School, ST. CROIX,.. cademy,... 1849 154 ST. CYPRIEN,.. Academy,... 1844 ST. DENIS,.. Academy,.. 1783 175 ST. EDWARD,.. Model School,. ST. ELIZABETH,. Academy,. ST. EUSTACHE,.. Academy,. 1833 Academy,... 1855 ST. FAMILLE,.. Academy,. 1686 ST. FOYE,.. Academy,... 1851 Protestant Academy,. 1851 260 ST. FRANCIS,.. Model School,. ST. G:ENEVIEVE, Academy,. 1850 162 ST. G IMONSI. Classical College,. 1855 300 ST. GREGOIRE, Academy,.. 1853 300 Academy,.... 1856 Model School,... ST. HENRI DE MAS- Academy, 1854 COVCHEE.' College of St. Henri,. 1852 200 Model School,. ST. HILIRE,.. Academy,...1850.. ST. HUGUES,.. Academy,....1855. ST. HYACINTHE,. Academy,.. 1854 420 Canadian Institute, Catholic School of Theology,.. 500 Classical College,. College,. 1811 10,000 Mechanics' Institute. ST. ISIDORE, Model School,. ST. JACQUES, C. MI- I Model School. NEUR.. J ST. JACQUESL'ACII — Academy,..1851 300 ST. JEAN, DORCHES- Academy,.1850 600 TER.. Catholic Academy,. 1847 300 ST. JEAN ISLE DOR- Academy.. 1854 LEANS. Academy.. 1854 ST. JEAN PORT JOLI, Literary Institute, ST. JEROME,.. Canadian Institute, ST. JOHN'S,.. High School,. Library Association, ST. JOSEPH,.. Academy, 1854. ST. JOSEPH DE LEVI, Model School, ST. LAURENT,.. Academy,.. 650 ST. LIN,... Academy,. CANADA. 659 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. STE. MARIE,.. Academy,.1822 516 College of Ste. Marie de Beauce, 1855.. STE. MARIE,.. Coll. of Ste. Marie de Monnoir,. 1853 200 STE. MARTHE,.. Academy... 1856 450 ST. MARTIN,.. Observatory, Meteorological and Electrical,. ST. MARY'S,.. Mechanics' Institute,.. ST. MICHEL,.. Classical College,. 1853 1,000 Academy,... 1850 ST. NICOLAS,.. Academy,... 1855 ST. OURS,. Canadian Institute,. ST. PAUL DE L'IN- Academy.. 1853 DUSTRIIE. STE. PHILOMENE,. Model School,. ST. RoCH,.. Model School. ST. ROMUALD,.. Model School,. STE. SCHOLASTIQUE,. Academy,... 1850 Canadian Institute,. ST. SYLVESTRE,. Model School. STE. TEESE,.. Academy,... 1847 STE. THERESE DE College, 1825 5000 BLAINVILLE, 1825 5, ST. THOMAS,.. Academy,..1847. ST. THOMAS PIERRE Academy,.. 855 VILLE,.. I1853 ST. TIMOTHEE,.. Academy,... 1853 SUTTON,... Academy,....1854 TERRiEBONNE,.. Academy,... 1826 310 Masson College,.. 1847 1,500 THOROLD,.. Mechanics' Institute,. THREE RlVERS,. Academy,... 1697 1,200 Academy,..1856 Mechanics' Institute, TORONTO,... Adjutant-General's Office, Board of Trade,. Bureau of Agriculture and Statistics, and Patent Office. Canadian Institute,. 1849 Church Society,. Congregational Theolog. Instit.,. 1846 Crown Land Department. Crown Law Department,. Department of Public Works,. Editors' and Authors' Lit. Assoc.. Educational Department,. Elgin Association for Improvement of Colored People,. Exchange News Room,, 1854 Executive Council Office, General Hospital,.. 1847. 660 LIST OF LIBRARIES, ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. TORONTO,. Horticultural Society, House of Industry,.. 1837 Indian Department,. Inspector-General's Department, Knox's College,.. 1844 Missionary Society,. Law Society of Upper Canada, 1797 Legislative Council Library,. Library of Parliament,. Literary Association,.. 1853 Magnetical and Meteorological Observatory,...... Mechanics' Institute,.. 1846 3,650 Post Office Department,. Provincial Agricultural Assoc., Provincial Lunatic Asylum,.1841 Provincial Secretary's Office,. School of Medicine of Toronto University,.. 1845 School of Medicine of Victoria College,... 1843 St. Michel's College,... 1852 Toronto Literary Association,.1853 Trinity College,.. 1852 Literary Institute, United Presb. Divinity Hall,. 1844 University College,. University College Literary and Scientific Society,. University of Toronto,. 1827. Upper Canada College,. 1829 Young Men's St. Patrick's Assoc., VARENNES. Academy,.. 1855. Chambres de Nouvelles.. Classical College,.. 1855 32 VAUDREUIL,. Academy,.. 1843. Academy,...1845. VERCItERES,. College of Vercheres,. 1854 100 VILLA MARIA.. Academy, 1855 700 WATERLOO,.. Academy, 1857. WEST BOME,. Model School, WHITBY,. Mechanics' Institute,.. YAMACICHE,. Academy,.1852 250 Academy, 1853. YOUVILLE,.. Academy,.. 854. FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN UPPER CANADA. Sunday-School Other Public Common School No. of solo. No. of Libraries. Libraries. Libraries. Total. Place. read during inhabitants year 18s1. reading. Tt No. Vols. No. Vols. No. Vols. No. Vols. AMHERSTBURG.......... BARRIE.. 200 54 3 500 1 150 1 266 5 916 BELLEVILLE,.....5 1,800 1 900... 6 2,700 BERLIN... 809 58 2 200 1 530 1 325 4 1,055 BOWMANVILLE......8 800 1 590...9 1,390 BRAMPTON& 1,000 58 4 400 1 100 1 413 i6 913 o BRANTFORD,.7 2,000 1 1,000.8 3,000 BROCKVILLE,....7 1,800 2 800..... 9 2,600 O CALEDONIA....4 600 1 220.. 5. 8120 CHATHAM,.... 1 275 1 500..... 2'75 CHIPPEWA, 3 700 3 700 CLIFTON,. 1 180 1 180 COBUTRG,. 2,293.. 7 1,800 1 800 1 827 9 3,427 CORNWALL,.. 560 44 4 600. 1 378 5 978 trjl DUNDAS,..7 3,000 1 1,000 8 4,000 ELORA, 502 140..1 731 1 731 tt GALT..... 8 650 1 953 1 280 10 1,883 p GODERICH..5 500 1 700. 6 1,200 GUELPH, 3 1,350 1 2,018.... 4 6,805 HAMILTON, 9,2789 560 9 4,000 4 6,129 1 1,887 14 12,016 INGERSOLL,.300.. 4 900. 1 693 5 1,593 KEMPTILLE,..... 2 400 2 400 KINGSTON,.. 6,240 150 9 4,000 2 2,800 1 1,829 12 8,629 LONDON, 7,206 41 5 2,064 2 1,719 1 1,100 8 4,883 NAPANEE,.1 800..... 1 800 NEWCASTLE....... 1 100... 1 100 NIAGARA,.....4 3,000 1 1,000... 5 3,306 OSHAWA,,.. 2 1,000 1 600 1 627 4 2,227 OTTAWAn,.. I............ 1 1,000. 1 1,000 OWEN SOUND,.....5 650 1 600. 6 1,420 PARIS,. 224 87 6 1,500 1 1,000 1 296 8 2,790 PERTH,. 5 1,000 1 700 6 1,700 PETERBORO,.... 3 1,400 1 800 4 2,200 PICTOU,.....4 400 3 700... 1,100 PORT HOPE, 750 145 4 800 3 780 1 317 8 1,897 PRESCOTT,..5 600 1 100..... 6 700 PRESTON. 473 112. 1 400 1 318 2 718 SARNIA,......... 3 600 1 200.. 4 800 SIMCOE...... 6 1,600 1 250 1 761 8 2,611 SMITH'S FALLS, 3 1,000 1 1,000 1 643 5 2,643 ST. CATHARINE'S,...... 1 130 1 1,200. 2 1,300 ST. MARY'S,....4 600 1 600 i5 1,200.. ST. THOMAS, 4 1,220 1 900 5 2,120 STRATFORD,....4 800 1 1,000. 1,800 THOROLDS.. 2 1,200 1 300.. 3 1,500 TORONTO, 5,455. 10 6,000 5 7,000 1 1,626 16 14,626 3 TRENTON,....... 1 300..... 1 300 - VIENNA..... 1 330..1 330 WHITBY,......3 1,200 1 400..... 4 1,630 WOODSTOC.....7 1,400 1 800..... 8 2,200 WINDSORn....3 400 1 250..... 1 650 YORVILLE,.. 3 1,138 1 650.. 1,788 Total in cities and toWn... 199 56,077 59 44,749 18 13,317 276 114,143 " counties, 1,335 178,271 207 52,259 258 146,861 1,800 377,391 Aggregate,..1,534 234,348 266 97,008 276 160,178 2,076 491,534 Average,... 152. 364.. 580.. 236 w~~,.... ~'~;2;~o' ~ ~o o..... ~,63o~~~~~~~~~~6 WOODSTOOK~.... 7 1 ~400 1 800.....~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~cr 664 LIST OF LIBRARIES; ETC. Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumeg. NEW BRUNSWICK. FREDERICTONe. University of King's College,. Baptist Seminary,. SACKVILLE,.. Wesleyan Academy, ST. ANDaR WS.. Marine Hospital,. ST. JOHN,.. Lunatic Asylum,.. Marine Hospital,... Madras School,. Mechanics' Institute,. Society Library,.... NEWFOUNDLAND. ST. JOHN'S,. Agricultural Society,... Government Library. Hospital. Lunatic Asylum, Mechanics' Institute,. NOVA SCOTIA. CHESTER,. Young Men's Christian Assoc.,. 400 HALIFAX,. Christian Family Library,.. 2,000 Dalhousie College,. Free Church College,. Garrison Library,... 3,000 Halifax Library,..... 11,000 Mechanics' Library,..... 1,500 Public Library,. St. Mary's College,. Young Men's Christian Assoc., 2,000 tHORTON,.. Public Library,. LIVERPOOL,. Gorham College, National School. Hospital,. Mechanics' Institute,.. PICToU,.. Public Library,.. WINDSOR,.. King's College,. Public Library,.... W0LFVILLE,.. Acadia College, 2,000 Theological Seminary, YARMOUTH,. Public Library,. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. 665 Place. Name of Institution. Founded. Volumes. PRINCE EDWARD ISIAND. BRACKLEY P'T ROAD, Debating Club,. CHARLOTTETOWN,. Catholic Young Men's Lit. Inst.,. 1856 Central Academy.. Hazzard's Circulating Library,. Lunatic Asyl. and House of Ind., Mechanics' Institute, Normal School,. Royal Agricultural Society,. St. Dunstan's College,. Theolog. Sem. of the Pres. Church, MARGATE,. Mechanics' Institute,.. INDEX. Only those institutions are included in this index of which notices are given in the work, and not those mentioned only in the General List, page 585. Academic Rhetorical Lib., Georgetown, Albion, Mich., 182 Del. (A. P. Robinson), 22 Alden, Rev. Timothy, 362 Academic Soc., Lewisburg, Pa., 361 Alexander, Rev. Dr., 491 Academy, Albany, N. Y., 229 Alexandria, Va., 479 Academy, Berryville, Va. (Jewett), 480 Alexandria Library, 479 Academy, Meadville, Pa., 363 Alleghany, Pa,, 342 Academy, Plattville, Wis. (A. R. Alleghany College, Meadville, Pa. McClaughry), 503 (Jewett), 362 Academy, Topsfield, Mass. (J.W. Healy), Alleghany Lit. Soc., Meadville, Pa. (W. 167 B. Holt), 362 Academy & Cortlandt Lib., Peekskill, N. Alpha Delta Phi Soc., Cambridge, Mass., Y., 298 130 Academy of Fine Arts, Phil. (J. R. Alpha Kappa Soc., Marietta, O. (C. A. Lambdin), 415 Stanley), 331, 332 Academy of Natural Sciences, Phil. Pa., Alpha Pi Delta Soc., Cassville, Ga., 27 (W. S. Zantzinger), 365, 519 Alpha Zeta Soc., Upper Alton, Ill. (J. Academy of Science, St. Louis, Mo. (Dr. P. Lawton), 42 T. C. Hilgard), 196 Alton, Ill., 32 Adams, Hon. J. H., 459 Altonian Lit. Soc., Le Roy, N. Y., 254 Adams, J. S., 572 Am. Acad. Arts & Sciences, Boston, Mass. Adelphi, Galesburg, Ill. (A. L. Riggs), 37 (Jewett), 92 Adelphian, Bethany, Va., 481 Am. Antiquarian Soc.,Worcester, Mass. Adelphian, Hamilton, N. Y, 252 (Jewett, S. F. Haven), 172 Adelphic, Newark, Del., 23 Am. Bible Union, N. Y. (W. H.Wyckoff), Adelphic, Schenectady, N. Y. (R. T. 255 Paine), 300 Am.,Bd. of Corn. for For. Mis., Boston,.XEonian, Hamilton, N. Y., 252 Mass. (Jewett, R. Anderson), 92 Agassiz, Prof., 519 Am. Geog. & Statis. Soc., N. Y., (M. Agric. College, Lansing, Mich. (J. R. Lefferts, W. C. H. Waddell), 256 Williams), 187 Am. Institute, N. Y. (E. A. Harris), 257 Agric. Journals, List of, 230 Am. Lit. Inst, Bethany, Va. (A. Elliott), Agric. Soc. of N. Y., Albany (B. P. 481 Johnson), 230 Am. Oriental Soc., New Haven, Conn. Agric. Soc. of Mich., Detroit (J. C. (W. D. Whitney), 17 Holmes), 185 Am. Philosophical Soc., Phil, Pa. (JewAiken, Hon Wm., 456 ett, J. P. Lesley), 381 Alabama, 1 Am. Sunday-school Union, Phil., Pa. (F. Albany, N. Y., 229 A. Packard), 375 668 INDEX. Am. Whig. Soc., Princeton, N. J., 227 Athenteum, Rockland, Me. (Eliza SpaldAmherst, Mass., 90 ing), 76 Amherst College, Amherst, Mass. (L. M. Atheneum, Roxbury, Mass. (Rev. B. Boltwood), 90 Kent), 157 Amphictyon Soc., Lima, N. Y., 255 Athenmenm, Salem, Mass. (Jewett, H. J. Andover, Mass., 90 Cross), 158 Annapolis, Md., 77 Athenauum, West Newton, Mass. (L. Ann Arbor, Mich., 183 Lucas), 168 Antioch College, Yellow Springs, O. (C. Athenaeum, Zanesville, O. (A. Peters, W. W. Christy), 341 M. Lyons, W. W. Wallace), 341 Antiq. & Hist. Soc., Dorchester, Mass. (E. Atheniaedes, Albion, Mich., 182 Holden), 141 Athenian, Athens, 0., 310, 311 Appollonian Soc., Franklin College, Athenian, Brunswick, Me. (B. W. Pond, Tenn. (G. A. Kinne), 464 T. H. Little), 67 Appleton Acad. New Ipswich, N. H. (E. Athenian, Columbia, Mo., 193 T. Quimby), 215 Athens, Ga., 25 Appleton, Wis., 498 Athens, O., 310 Appleton & Co., 567 Auburn, N. Y., 238 Appleton, Samuel, 498 Augusta, Ga., 26 Apprentices' and Demilt Lib., N. Y. (W. Augusta, Ky., 55 Van Norden), 259 Augusta, Me., 64 Apprentices' Library, Charleston, S. C. Augusta College, Augusta, Ky. (J. Dotii (Jewett, J. Johnson), 447 phan), 55 Apprentices' Lib. Co., Phil., Pa. (Jewett, Austin, Texas, 472 Jesse Ogden), 378 Austin College, Huntsville, Texas (W. Arey, Henry W., 385 C. Somerville), 472 Arrangement of Books, 414, 449 Ashmun Institute, New Castle, Del., 23 Backus, Rev. Isaac, 446 Asso. Theolog. Sem. Xenia, O., 369 Bacon, Henry D., 197 Astor Library, N. Y., xvii, 260 Bacon, Rev. Dr., 509 Athena, Charlotteville, N. Y., 245 Baird, Lieut., 307 Athena, Wilbraham, Mass., 169 Baird, Prof. S. F., v. xxii Athenean, Bloomington, Ind. (T. J. Baldwin, Judge, 19 Wolfe), 43 Baldwin Univ., Berea, O. (Rev. J. Athenmum, Boston, Mass. (Jewett, W. Wheeler), 311 F. Poole), 93 Baltimore, Md., 78 Athenaeum and Reading-room, Brooklyn, Baltimore Lib., Baltimore, Md. (J. S. N. Y. (B. R. Taylor), 238 Selby), 80 Athenoeum, East Windsor, Conn., 7 Bangor, Me., 65 Athenaeum, Fall River, Mass. (P. W. Barclay, David, 408 Leland), 142 Barclay, Robert, 399 Athenreum, Hartford, Conn. (J. A. Bardstown, Ky., 56 Boughton), 12 Bar Lib., Providence, R. I. (B. N. LapAthenaeum, Haverhill, Mass. (J. V. Smi- ham, J. P. Knowles), 445 ley, R. T. Slocumb), 145 Barnard, Henry, 8, 533, 571, 575 Athenaeum, Nantucket, Mass. (Jewett, Barney, H. H., 316, 563 Miss M. Mitchell, Miss S. F. Bar- Barnwell, Hon. R. W., 458 nard), 151 Bartlett, Hon. Winm., 206 Athenceum, Phil. (W. J. Barclay, Jewett), Barton, Dr. Benj. S., 417 379 Bashford, Governor, 501 Athenarum, Portland, Me. (Jewett, Jas. Bates, Joshua, 117 Merrill), 14' Baton Rouge, La., 61 Athenueum, Portsmouth, N. H. (J. S. Baylor Univ., Independence, Texas (D. Pfeiffer, Jewett), 215 R. Wallace), 473 Atheneaum, Providence, R. I., xvii, 440 Belles-Lettres Soc., Carlisle, Pa., 346 Athenaeum and Mech. Assn., Rochester, Belles-Lettres Soc., Coll. of St. James, N. Y. (P. S. Wilson), 298 Md. (J. C. Passmore), 89 INDEX. 669 Beloit Coll., Beloit, Wis. (J. Emerson),498 Brooklyn Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y., 241 Beloit, Wis., 498 Brothers in Unity Soc., New Haven, Bell's Commercial College, Chicago, Ill. Conn. (Jewett), 18 (D. V. Bell), 34 Brownell, Bishop, 10 Belleville, Canada, 528 Brown, John, 433 Belleville, Ill., 33 Brown, Moses, 440 Benezet, Anthony, 407 Brown, Nicholas, 434 Bentley, Rev. Dr. Wm., 362 Brown, Obadiah, 440 Berea, 0., 311 Brown, P. P., 253 Berkely, Bishop, 16, 429 Brown University, Providence, R. I. Berryville, Va., 480 (Jewett, R. A. Guild), 433 Bethany, Va., 480 Brunswick, Me., 67 Bethany College, Bethany, Va. (P. W. Brute, Rev. S. G., 51 Mosbleck), 480 Bucksport, Me., 70 Beth Hacma, Maryville, Tenn., 467 Buffalo, N. Y., 241 Beth Hacma Ve Berith, Maryville, Buildings for Libraries, vi Tenn., 467 Bull, A. H., 475 Bethel College, Russellville, Ky. (B. T. Burgess, Bishop, 12 Blewett), 61 Burlington, Iowa, 52 Bethune, Rev. Dr., 533 Burlington, N. J., 219 Bibles, 409 Burlington, Vt. 476 Bigelow Lib. Assn.,Clinton, Mass. (J. H. Burlington College, Burlington, N. J. Vose), 140 (Jewett), 219 Binney, Rev. Dr. J. G., 509 Butler, Cyrus, 444 Birmingham, Conn., 6 Byberry, Pa., 344 Blair, Dr. James, 493, 497 Bytown College, Ottawa, Canada, 535 Bland, Thomas, 432 Bleakly, John, 400 California, 2 Blind Institution, Jacksonville, Ill. (J. Calliopean, Crawfordsville, Ind. (M. Rhoads), 39 Post), 44 Bloomintgon, Ind., 43 Calliopean, Emory, Va., 481 Board of Education, Cleveland, 0., 322 Calliopean, Kent's Hill, Me. (H. P. TorBd. of Mis. of Pres. Church, Phil., 382 sey), 72 Bohn, Christian, 491 Calliopean, New Haven, Conn., 20 Books arranged by subjects, 386 Cambridge High School, Cambridge, Books called for, xvii. 241, 242, 254, 260, Mass. (Sarah L. Binney), 131 324, 342, 381, 438, 482, 523 Cambridge, Mass., 122 Books described, 409 Cambridgeport, Mass., 139 Boston, Mass., 92 Campbell, Ga., 400 Boston Lib. Soc., Boston, Mass. (Jewett, Canada, 528 H. Wainwright, C. Browne), 98 Canadian Cong. Theol. Inst., Toronto, Botetourt, Lord, 496 Canada, 537 Bowditch Library, Boston (H. J. Bow- Canadian Inst., Toronto, Canada, 537 ditch, Jewett), 100 Canadian Journal, 538 Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me. (C. C. Canonsburg, Pa., 339, 344 Everett), 67 Cape Girardeau, Mo., 192 Boyle, Hon. Robert, 494, 497 Carbondale, Ill, 34 Boydton, Va., 481 Carlisle, Pa., 346 Brianerd Evang. Soc. Easton, Pa., 348 Carmel, N. Y., 244 Brattleborough, Vt., 475 Carpenters' Company, Phil., Pa., 382 Bridgewater, Mass., 121 Carroll College, Waukesha, Wis. (J. A. Brientnall, Jos., 390 Savage), 504 Bright, James, 408 Cass; Lewis, 500, 520 British America, 528 Cassville, Ga., 27 Britt, Chauncy C., 499 Castine, Me., 71 Brookfield, N. H., 218 Catalogues, xiv, 118, 132, 216, 368, 406, Brooklyn, N. Y., 238 414, 436, 449, 476, 487 670 INDEX. Catalogues, cost of, xvi Claypoole, Abraham, 399 Catholic Diocesan Lib., Vincennes, Ind. Clay Union, Huntsville, Texas, 473 (E. Andran), 51 Cleveland, 0., 322 Cazenovia, N. Y., 244 Clever Fellows' Soc., Albion, Mich., 182 Centenary College of La.,Jackson (Rev. Clinton, Mass., 140 J. C. Miller), 62 Clinton, N. Y., 245 Central College of Iowa, Des Moines, Cliosophic Soc., Princeton, N. J. (W. H. Iowa (Rev. R. Weiser), 53 Woodward), 227 Central College, O. (J. Q. Howard), 312 Clymer, Ga., 415 Central High School,Phil. (J. S. Hart),382 Coast Survey Library, Washington, D. C., Central Univ. of Iowa, Pella, 55 520 Centre College,Danville,Ky.(O.Beatty),56 Cobourg, Canada, 528 Centreville, Ind., 44 Cochran, James C., 551 Chalkley, Thomas, 407 Colborne, Sir John, 549 Chaplin, Hon. C. G., 432 Coleman, William, 390 Charit. Mech. Assn., Salem, Mass. (T. M. Cole, Rev. A. D., 503 Dix), 161 College of Pharmacy, Boston, Mass. (H. Chapel Hill, 307 W. Lincoln), 102 Chapin, Rev. Dr., 509 Coll. of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Chapman, Thomas, 15 Va. (T. T. L. Smead, M. J. Smead), Charleston, S. C., 447 492. Charleston College, S. C. (Jewett, F. S. College of St. James, Md. (Rev. J. H. Holmes), 448 Coit), 88 Charlestown, Mass., 139 College of New Jersey, Princeton (Prof. Charlotte Hall, Md., 87 G. M. Giger), 226 Charlotte Hall School, Md. (N. F. D. College of N'va S'va de Guadalupe, Santa Browne), 87 Ines, Cal. (C. Rubis), 6 Charlotteville, N. Y., 245 College of the Holy Cross, Worcester. Chase, Governor S. P., 567 Mass. (Jewett), 179 Chelsea, Mass., 140 College of St. Thomas of Villanova, Phil., Cheraw, S. C., 457 (Jewett), 382 Cherokee Baptist College, Cassville, Ga. College of Pharmacy, Phil. (S. F. Troth), (Rev. T. Rambaut), 27 420 Cherriman, J. B., 541 Collins, Henry, 429 Chester Co. Athenmum, West Chester, Pa. Collinson, Peter, 392, 408 (Jewett, W. Darlington), 427 Color, Public Lib., for People of, Phil. (J. Chester Co. Cab. of Nat. Sci., West Ches- M. Bustill), 420 ter, Pa, 427 Columbian College,N. Y. (Jewett,W. A. Chester, Pa., 348 Jones), 271 Chestertown, Md., 88 Columbia, Mo., 192 Chicago, Ill., 34 Columbia, S. C., 457 Chi Delta, Knoxville, Tenn., 466 Columbia, Tenn., 463 Chilicothe, 0., 312 Columbia College, Washington, D. C. (E. Chowan Fem. Colleg. Inst., Murfreesboro, T. Fristoe, W. Q. Force), 507 N. C. (Rev. W. Hooper), 309 Columbus, Ga., 28 Chouveau, Pierre J. O., 577 Columbus, 0., 323 Cincinnati, 0., 313 Comer's Commercial College, Boston, Circ. Lib., Haverhill, Mass. (W. H. Mass., 101 Flanders), 145 Common School Libraries, 552 Circ. Lib, Dorchester and Milton (N. California, 552 Martin), 142 Connecticut, 553 Cist, Charles, 396 Indiana, 554 City School Lib., Lowell, Mass. (Jewett, Iowa, 555 Josiah Hubbard, J. Judkins), 148 Massachusetts, 555 Clarkville, Tenn., 463 Michigan, 556 Classes of books read, xvii Missouri,!557 Classification, x, 150, 198, 266, 460, 487 New Hampshire, 557 INDEX. 671 Common School Libraries- De la Hailandibre, Rev. C. G., 51 New York, 558 Delavan, Wis., 499 Ohio, 562 Delaware, 22 Pennsylvania, 570 Delaware, 0., 324 Rhode Island, 571 Delaware College, Newark, Del. (B. D. Vermont, 572 Porter), 23 Wisconsin, 572 Delta Phi Lit. Soc., Newark, Del. (R. H. Upper Canada, 576 Williams), 23 Lower Canada, 577 Demosthenian Soc., Athens, Ga. (W. T. Concord, N. H., 205 Mitchell), 26 Cong. Lib. Assn., Boston, Mass. (Rev. J. Denison Univ., Granville, 0. (J. Hall), B. Felt), 101 328 Connecticut, 6 Department of State, Washington, D. C. Coolidge, Dr. R. H., 582 (Jewett, H. D. Johnson, Geo. Hill), Copyright Books and Law, 519 510 Copyright Library, Washington, D. C. (W. Derby, H. W., 44, 563 J. Bromwell), 511 Description of Books, 403 Cortlandt Lib., Peekskill, N. Y., 298 Des Moines, Iowa, 53 Court of Appeals, Rochester, N. Y. Des Moines College,West Point, Iowa (W. (Jewett, H. C. Bloss), 299 C. Holliday), 55 Cox, Henry, 400 Detroit, Mich., 184 Cox, James, 400 Detroit Observatory, Ann Arbor, Mich., Crawfordsville, Ind., 44 184 Cromwell, Conn. 7 Diagnothian, Lancaster, Pa. (J. R. StaufCrowe, Rev. John F., 51 fer), 359, 360 Culver, D., 410 Dialectic, Chapel Hill, 308 Cumberland Co]l., Nashville, Tenn., 469 Dialectic Soc. of Cadets, Lexington, Va., Cumberland College, Princeton, Ky. 483 (Rev. R. Beard), 60 Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa. (Jewett), Cumberland Univ., Lebanon, Tenn. (T. 346 C. Anderson), 466 Diego, Rev. F. Garcia, 6 Dillwyn, William, 397 Dana, George, 440 Dinwiddie, Robt., 497 Danville, Ky., 56 District of Columbia, 505 Darlington, Dr. William, 428 Dix, Miss D. L., 37 Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H. Dobson, Judah, 421 (Jewett, O. P. Hubbard), 210 Dorchester, Mass., 141 Davenport, Iowa, 53 Dorchester and Milton, Mass., 142 Davidson Academy, Nashville, Tenn.,468 Douglass, John T., 199 Davidson College, 308 Dover, Del., 22 Dawlate, Thomas R., 497 Dowse Library, Boston, Mass., 105 Day, Hon. Thomas, 7 Draper, Lyman C., 501, 574 Dayton, O., 324 Dublin, N. H., 2Q7 Deaf and Dumb Institut., Columbus, 0. Duncan. L. A., 64 (C. Stone), 323 Deaf and Dumb Inst., Delavan,Wis. 499. East India Marine Soc., Salem, Mass.'Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Fulton, Mo.(W. (Jewett), 160 D. Kerr), 193 East Maine Confer. Sem., Bucksport, Deaf and Dumb Institut., Indianapolis, Me., 70 Ind. (S. F. Dunlap), 46 Eastman, B. C., 503 Deaf and Dumb Institut., Jacksonville, East Tenn., Univer., Knoxville (Jewett, Ill. (P. G. Gillet), 41 G. Cooke), 466 De Bow's Summary of Libraries, xxiv Easton Pa., 348 Deerfield, Mass., 141 East Windsor, Conn., 7 Deerfield Academy, Deerfield, Mass. Eclectic Med. Inst., Cincinnati, 0. (D. (Rev. P. Smith), 141 McCarty), 313 Delafield, Wis., 499 Eclectics, Albion, Mich., 182 672 INDEX. Edese, Ben., Printing-press, 66 Female Acad., Salem, N C. (Rev. R. De Edwards, Edward, vi, x, xxiv Schweinitz), 310 Edwards, Morgan, 433 Female College, Milwaukie, Wis. (S. E. Eliot Lib. Assn., Jamaica Plain, Mass. Hnntingdon), 502 (J. Severns, T. J. Brewer), 146 Fem. Coll. Inst. and Wesleyan Sem., AlEllicott's Mills, Md., 89 bion, Mich. (C. C. Olds, Rev. T. H. Elliott, Rev. Stephen, 458 Sinex), 182 Elton, John P., 12 Fem. Inst., Columbia, Tenn (Jewett),463 Emerson, George B., 564 Fern. Sem., Frederick, Md. (H. WinchesEmory, Va., 48l ter), 89 Emory College, Oxford, Ga. (Jewett), 30 Few Soc., Oxford, Ga., 30 Emory and Henry College, Emory, Va. First Free Public Library, 154 (Jewett), 481 First Mechanics' Library, 108 Engineer Department, Washington, D. C. First Mercantile Library, 110 (Jewett), 511 Fisk, Stephen P., 445 Engravings in Smithsonian Library, 518 Fitch, John, 399 Enosinian, Washington, D. C. (C. W. Flaget, Rev. Bishop, 56 Hassler), 510 Flint, Mich., 186 Errata, xxviii Florida, 24 Erie, Pa. (Jewett), 349 Forbes, P. J., 292 Eroalthean,Hiawassee College,Tenn., 465 Fordham, N. Y., 246 Erodelphian, Oxford, O. (H. M.McCrac- Forest Club, Houlton, Me. (C. H. Carleken), 334 ton), 72 Eromathean, Germantown, Tenn. (A. M. Forrestville, N. C., 308 Rafter), 464 Forshey, Col. C. G., 474 Eromathesian, Hiawassee College, Tenn., Foster, Hon. Theodore, 446 465 Fothergill, Dr. John, 408, 416 Erosophian Adelphi, Waterville, Mle., 77 Four Monthly Meeting of Friends, 407 Erosophian, Nashville, Tenn (O. B. Flow- Frampton, Dr. Lingard A., 449 ers), 472 Frankfort, Ky., 57 Essex Agric. Soc., Salem, Mass. (Jewett), Franklin, Benj., 391, 393, 397, 398, 406 160 Franklin, Mass., 143 Essex Inst., Salem, Mass. (Jewett, J. H. Franklin College, Tenn. (T. Fanning), Stone, M. A. Stickney), 160 464 Essex N. Dist. Med.: Soc, Haverhill, Franklin College, or Univ. of Ga., Athens, Mass., 145 Ga., 25 Essex S. Dist. Med. Soc., Salem, Mass. Franklin Inst., Phil., Pa. (Jewett, W. (L. R. Stone), 160 Hamilton), 383 Euphronian, Franklin College, Tenn. (H. Franklin Inst., Syracuse, N. Y., 302 R. Moore), 464 Franklin and Marshall College, LancasEupian, Lewisburg, Pa., 361 ter, Pa., 357 Ensophian, Independence, Texas, 473 Franklin Lib. Assn., Cambridge, Mass. Euzelian, Forestville, N.C.(C. S.Ellis).308 (J. P. Richardson), 139 Evanston, Ill., 36 Franklin Lib. Assn. Hudson, N. Y. (F. Evansville, Igd., 45 Bruoh), 2,54 Excelsior, Chicago, Ill., 35 Franklin. Lib. Assn., Lawrence, Mass. Excelsior, Springfield, O. (E. Palmer, E. (F. G. Clarke, G. A. Gordon), 146 Deeds), 335 Franklin Lit. Soc., Canonsburg, Pa., 345 Exchanges, xxii Franklin Lyceum, Providence, R. I. (W. Exeter, N. H., 208 H. Green), 438 Franklin Soc., Boydton, Va., 481 Farian, T. J., 454, 455 Franklin Soc., Easton, Pa., 348 Fairfax, Vt., 214 Franklin Soc.,Mobile, Ala.(L. S. Leeds), 1 Fairmount Theol. Sem. Cincinn. 0., 313 Franklin Soc. Providence, R. I. (C. N. Fall River, Mass., 142 Hoyt), 437, 439 Fallsington, Pa., 349 Frederick City, Md., 89 Fayette, Mo, 193 Free Academy, N. Y. (J. G. Barton), 276 INDEX. 67,3 Free Academy, Norwich, Conn., 21 Greeneville College, Greeneville, Tenn. Free Reading-room Assn., Phil., 383 (S. V. McCorkle), 465 Friendly Assn., Cromwell, Conn. (A. F. Greenwich, N. J., 219 Warner, D. B. Brooks), 7 Greenwich Lib., Greenwich, N. J. (S. K. Friends' Boarding-school, Providence, R. Kollock, N. Newkirk), 219 I., 440 Greenwood, S. C, 461 Friends', collection of books of, 409 Grenada, Miss., 189 Friends', Library Assn. of Phil., 389 Griffin, Ga., 28 Friends' Library of Four Monthly Meet- Groton, Mass, 144 ings, 407, 409 Groton, N. H., 210 Fulton, Mo, 193 Growden, Joseph, 392 Guild, R. A., 437 Galesburg, Ill., 36 Gambier, 0., 326 Halifax, Nova Scotia, 550 Gardiner, Me., 71 Hall, Dr. J. C., 521 Gayarre, Hon. C., 62 Hallowell, Me., 71 Genesee College, Lima, N. Y. (Prof. S. Hamilton, N. Y., 251 Hoyt, Jos. Cummings), 254 Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y. (Jewett, Genesee Lyceum, Lima, N. Y., 255 Prof. A. J. Upson), 2,15 Geneva, N. Y, 247 Hampden Sidney, Va., 482 Georgetown, Del., 22 Hampden Sidney College, Va. (C. MarGeorgetown, D. C., 505 tin), 482 Georgetown College, D. C. (Jas. Curley, Hancock Lib. Assn., Warsaw, Ill., 42 Jewett), 505 Hannibal, Mo., 194 Georgetown College, Georgetown, Ky., Hanover, N. H., 210 (Jewett, D. Thomas, D.R.Campbell), Hanover College, South Hanover, Ind. 58 (Rev. J. F. Crowe, J. Edwards), 51 Georgetown, Ky., 58 Harrisburg, Pa., 351 Georgia, 25 Harrison, Joseph, 430 German Lib. of St. Clair Co., Belleville, Hartford, Conn., 7 Ill. (Jewett, A. Schott), 33 Hartford Co. Law Assn., Hartford, Coln. German Soc., Phil., Pa (J. A. Donath),384 (C. J. Hoadly), 7, 9 Germantown, Tenn., 464 Hartsville, Pa., 332 Gettysburg, Pa., 349 Hartwick, N. Y., 253 Gholson, Thomas S., 485 Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. Gibbs, Hon. William C., 432. (Jewett, J. H. Sibley), 122 Gibbs, Miss Sarah, 571 Harvard Nat. Hist. Soc.,Cambridge,Mass. Gilmanton, N. H., 209 (E. Swift, Jr.), 131 Girard College, Phil., Pa. (H.W.Arey),385 Hassler, Mr., 520 Glasgow, Ky., 58 Hasty Pudding Club, Cambridge, Mass. Godfrey, Ill., 37 (Jewett, G. B. Chase), 130 Godfrey, Thomas, 391 Hatboro, Pa., 352 Goethian Soc., Lancaster, Pa., 359 Haven, S. F., 177 Golden Branch Soc., Exeter, N. H. (H. Haverford, Pa, 353 G. Palfrey, J. E. Janvier), 208 Haverford College, Haverford, Pa., 353 Goodwin, Rev. D. R., 10 Haverhill, Mass., 145 Grace, Robert, 391, 392 Heidelberg College, Tiffin, 0. (J. H. Graham Philan. Soc., Lexington, Va. (J. Good), 337 H. Boyd), 484 Henry, Patrick, 496 Granville, 0, 328 Henry, Prof. Jos., 229, 516, 517 Gray, Dr. Asa, 183 Henry, Rev. Dr., 458 Gray, Mr., 394 Hermean Soc., Geneva, N. Y. (J. HI. TinkGreat Falls, N. H., 209 ham), 251 Greencastle, Ind., 46 Hermesian, Emory, Va, 481 Green, Dr. John, 181 Herron, Hon. A. S., 62 Greenfield, Mass., 144 Hewes, Josiah, 398 Greeneville, Tenn., 465 Hiawassee Coill., Tenn.(J. H. Bruner),465 43 ~674 INDEX. Hildreth, Dr. S. P. 331 Hodgins, Thos., 528 Hillsboro, Ill., 37 Hogan, J, 202 Hillsboro College, Hillsboro, Ill. (J. M. Holmes, F. S, 450 Lingle), 37 Holt, Nathan, 352 Hillsborough, O., 328 Hopkins, Admiral Ezekiel, 446 Hist. and Antiq. Soc., Montpelier, Vt. Hopkinson, Thos., 391 (Jewett), 478 Horticultural Society of Penn., Phil. (T. Hist. and Geol. Inst., Burlington, Iowa P. James): 415 (R. M. Green), 52 Hospital, Boston, Mass., 106 Hist. and Phil. Soec., Ashtabula Co., Jef- Hospital, Penn., Phil. (Jewett, W. H. ferson, 0., 330 Gobrecht, W. A. Dobbyn), 416 Hist. and Phil. Soc., Mo., Jefferson City, Hospital, N. Y. (Jewett), 288 Mo. (Jewett), 194 Hottinger, Baron, 432 Hist. and Phil. Soc. of O., Cincinnati, O. Houlton, Me., 72 (Rev. W. B. Rally), 313 House of Representatives, Washington, Hist. and Phil. Soc., Richmond, Va. D. C. (C. B Adams), 513 (Jewett), 488 Howe, Dr., Printing for the Blind, 40 Hist. Soec., Chicago, Ill. (W. Barry), 34 Howard High School, Fayette, Mo. (Rev. Hist. Soec. Cincinnati, O.(G. Graham), 313 W. T. Lucky), 193 Hist. Soec. of Conn. (Jewett), 8 Howard, P. T., 487 Hist. Soc. of Florida, St. Augustine (R. Hudson, N. Y., 254 B. Gibbs), 25 Hudson, 0., 329 Hist. Soec. of Georgia, Savannah, Ga. Humphreys, Gen. D., 18 (Jewett), 31 Huntsville, Texas, 472 Hist. Soc., Indianapolis, Ind. (John B. Dillon), 46 Hist. Soc. of Iowa, Iowa City (John Illinois, 32 Pattee), 54 Illinois College, Jacksonville (R. C. Hist. Soc. of Maine, Brunswick, Me. (A. Crampton), 37 S. Packard), 69 Illinois Institute, 43 Hist. Soc. of Maryland, Baltimore, Md. illinois State University, Springfield, Ill. (Jewert), 79 (S. W. Harkey), 41 Hist. Soc. of Massachusetts, Boston, Mass. Independence, Texas, 473 (Jewett), 102 Indiana, 43 Hist. Soc. of Michigan, Detroit (Geo. S. Indiana Asbury University, Greencastle, Frost), 184 Ind. (S. A. Lattimore), 46 Hist. Soc. of Minnesota, St. Paul, 188 Indianapolis, Ind., 46 Hist. Soc. of New Hampshire, Concord Ingham Collegiate Inst., Le Roy, N. Y. (Jewett), 205 (Rev. S. H. Cox), 254 Hist. Soc. of New Jersey, Newark (S. Injury done to Books, 322, 448 H. Congar), 223 Insane Asylum, Columbus, O. (R. Hills), Hist. Soc. of New York (Jewett), 288 323 Hist. Soc. of Pennsylvania, Phil. (Jewett, Insane Asylum, Fulton, Mo. (Dr. T. R. T. Ward), 385 H. Smith), 193 Hist. Soc. of Rhode Island, Providence, Insane Asylum, Utica, N. Y. (J. B. Cha(Jewett, E. M. Stone), 446 pin), 305 Hist. Soc. of Wisconsin, Madison (L. C Insane Hospital, Augusta, Me., 65 Draper), 499 Insane Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind., 46 Hitchcock, Gen, 3 Insane Hospital, Jaclksonville, Ill. (A. Hoadly, C. J., 12 McFarland), 37 Hoadly, Geo., Cincinnati, 0., 314 Insane Hospital of Penn., Harrisburg, Pa. Hobart, Bishop, on Objects of Colleges, (Jno. Curwen), 351 250 Insane Hospital, Phil. (T. S. Kirkbride), Hobart Free College, Geneva. N. Y. (B. 417 Hale, Rev. K. Metcalf), 247 Insects, injury by, 448 Hodges Institute, Greenwood, S. C. (W. Institute, Albany, N. Y. (J. H. Hickox), P. McKellar), 461 229 INDEX. 675 Institute for Colored Youth, Phil. (J. M. Kingston, Canada, 529 Bustill), 387 Kingston, G. T., 541 Institute of 1770, Cambridge, Mass. (E. Knox College, Galesburg, Ill. (A. Hurd), S. Dunster), 128 36 Institute, Phil., 419 Knox's College, Toronto, 538 Institute, Springfield, Mass. (George A. Knoxville, Tenn., 466 Otis), 165 Iowa, 52 Iowa City, 54 Ladies' Auxiliary Christ. Assn., CharlesIowa College, Davenport, Iowa (Rev. E. ton, S. C., 457 Ripley), 53 Ladies' Home Lib., Thomaston, Me. Iowa Wesleyan Univ., Mt. Pleasant (Rev. (Mary J. Bailey), 76 L. W. Berry), 54 Ladies' Lib., Kalamazoo, Mich. (Mrs. H. Ironton, O., 330 A. J. Seeley, Henrietta S. Taylor), Irving Lit. Inst., Erie, Pa., Jewett, 349 i86 Irving Soc. (College of St. James), Md., Ladies' Lit. Soc., Lima, N. Y., 255 89 Ladies' Sigourney Lib., Logansport, Ind. (Jewett, Mrs. J. Vigus), 47 Lafayette Coill., Easton, Pa., Jewett, 348 Jackson College, Columbia, Tenn. Lancaster, Mass., 146 (Jewett, S. W. Mitchell), 464 Lancaster, Pa, 357 Jackson, La., 62 Lane, Sarah, 417 Jackson, Miss., 189 Lane Theol Sem., Cincinnati, O.(Jewett), Jackson, Tenn., 465 314 Jacksonville, Fla., 24 Languages, Books in Different, xxi Jacksonville, Ill., 37 Lansing, Mich., 187 Jamaica Plain, Miss., 146 Laporte, Ind., 47 James I, 400 Larcombe, Rev. T., 383 Jefferson City, Mo., 194 Laurie, Rev. Dr., 521 Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa. (A. Laval, Francois de Montmorency, 535 Williams), 344 Laval Univ., Quebec, Canada, 535 Jefferson Lit. Soc., Washington, 0., 338 Law Assn., Hartford, Conn., 7, 9 Jefferson, O., 330 Law Assn., Phil. (Jewett, J. W. WalJefferson, Thomas, 497, 507, 508, 512 lace), 387 Jewett, Prof. C. C., v, xxiii, 434 Law Institute, N. Y. (Jewett), 290 Johnston, Robert, 432 Law Library, Cambridge, Mass., 127 Jones, W. F., 481 Law Lib., Cincinnati, O. (Geo. Hoadley, Jonestown, Pa., 354 John Bradley), 314 Jordan, Robert, 407 Law Lib., Louisville, Ky., 60 Jubilee College, Robin's Nest, Ill., 39 Law Lib. of Congress, Washington, D. Juvenile Library, Dublin, N. H. (Rev. C., 512 W. F. Bridge), 207 Law Library, St. Louis, Mo. (C. D. Drake), 200 Lawrence Acad., Groton, Mass. (E. J. Kalamazoo, Mich., 186 Marsh), 144 Kansas, 505 Lawrence, Mass., 146 Kent's Hill, Me., 72 Lawrence Univ., Appleton, Wis. (N. E. Kentucky, 55 Cobleigh), 498 Kenyon College and Theol. Sem. of the Law Soc. of U. C., Toronto, Canada, 538 Diocese of Ohio, Gambier (Jewett, Lear, Tobias, 399 Rev. J. H. C. Bonte), 326 Lebanon, Ill., 38 Kimball Union Acad., Meriden, N. H. Lebanon, Tenn., 466 (C. S. Richards), 214 Lectures, 199 King, Chas. B., 432 Lefroy, Col., 540, 541 King of Prussia, Pa., 356 Legislative Lib. of S C., Columbia (J. King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, G. Bowman), 457 550 Lenox, Mass., 148 676 INDEX. Lennoxville, Conn., 530 Lib. Co., Wilmington, Del. (A. H. GritmLeonard, Dr., 207 shaw, WV. Caule, E. T. Taylor), 24 Le Roy, N. Y., 254 Lib., Brooklyn, N. Y. (Jewett, O. Hull), Lettsom, Dr., 417 239 Lewisburg, Pa., 361 Library, Castine, Me. (C. J. Abbott), 71 Lexington, Ky., 59 Library, Concord, N. H. (W. F. Goodwin), Lexington, Mo., 196 206 Lexington, S. C., 462 Library, Exeter, N. H. (N. Shute, N. F. Lexington, Va., 483 Carter), 208 Lib. Assn., Alton, Ill. (U. Smith), 32 Library, Franklin, Mass., 143 Lib. Assn., Brattleboro (C. S. Thompson, Library, Grenada, Miss. (J. W. Garey), E. J. Carpenter, L. G. Mead), 475 189 Lib. Assn., Carbondale, Ill. (R. R. Brush), Library, Groton, N. H., 210 34 Library, Lancaster, Mass. (H. C. KimLib. Assn., Chelsea, Mass. (J. H. Butts), ball), 146 140 Library, Lexington, Ky., 59 Lib. Assn., Dayton, 0. (G. W. Houck, G. Library, Manchester, N. H. (F. B. Eaton), W. Smith), 324 212 Lib. Assn.,Evansville, Ind (J. F. Crisp), Library, New Bedford, Mass. (R. C. 45 Ingraham), 152 Lib. Assn., Greenfield, Mass (C. Allen), Library, Newburyport, Mass. (H. A. 144 Tenney), 155 Lib. Assn, Ironton, 0 (W. W. Johnson), Library, Petersburg, Va. (T. S. Plea330 sants), 485 Lib. Assn., Lenox, Mass (J. Hotchkin), Library, Quincy, IlL. (S. Jonas), 38 148 Library, Steubenville, O. (M. H. UrquLib. Assn, Lynn, Mass. (N. J. Holden), hart, Jas. Wyatt, J. M. Shane), 337 150 Library, Vincennes, Ind. (Jewett), 32 Lib. Assn, Madison, Ind. (P. C. Byrne), Library, Washington, D. C. (W. Q. Force), 48 521 Lib. Assn., Madison, Va. (Jewett), 484 Library, West Roxbury, Mass., 168 Lib. Assn,North Brookfield, Mass. (Rev. Library, Woburn, Mass. (L. L. Whitney), C. Cushing, Geo. H Lowe), 156 172 Lib. Assn., Peoria, Ill., 38 Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. Lib. Assn., Salmon Falls, N. H. (G. B. (J. S. Meehan), 511 Sawyer), 218 Lib. Soc., Charleston, S. C. (Jewett, A. Lib. Assn., St. Anthony, Minn. (Jewett), H. Mazyck), 450 188 Lillie, Rev. Adam, 537 Lib. Assn., Swampscott, Mass. (W. D. Lima, N. Y., 254 Brackett), 166 Lindsey, Rev. Philip, 469, 470 Lib. Assn., of Friends, Phil (N. Kite, J. Linonian Soc., New Haven, Conn. S. Stokes), 389 (Jewett), 18 Library Buildings, vi List of Libraries, etc., 585 Lib. Co., Chester, Pa. (J. P. Eyre, J. M. Literary Adelphi, New Hampton, N. H. M. Allen), 348 (J. W. Chadwick, D. J. B. Sargent, Lib. Co., Easton, Pa. (B. Clemens, B. R. J. Erskine, J. P. Natting), 214 Swift), 348 Lit. and Bib. Institut., New Hampton, Lib. Co., Falsington, Pa. (E. Hance, R. N. H., 214 Satterwaite, Margaret Price), 349 Lit. and Hist. Soc., Quebec, Canada, 536 Lib. Co, Newcastle, Del (S. Guthrie), 23 Lit. and Sci. Soc., Toronto, Canada, 545 Lib. Co.,Norristown, Pa.(W. McDermott), Literary Assn., Parkersburg,Va.(Jewett), 364 484 Lib. Co., Philadelphia (L. P. Smith, Literary Assn., Toronto, Canada, 543 Jewett), 390 Literary Fraternity, Waterville, Me. (J. Lib. Co., Providence, R. I.. 441 C. Fales), 77 Lib. Co., Sandy Spring (R. T. Benton), Literary Institute, Hannibal, Mo. (Ho 89 Meredith), 194 INDEX. 677 Lit. Soc., Cheraw, S. C. (J. J. Wester- Marietta Hist. Assn., Marietta, O., 332 velt), 457 Marietta Lib., Marietta, O. (T. Vinton), Lit. Soc., Romney, Va. (Jewett), 489 333 Logan, James, 391, 401 Marietta, 0, 331 Logan, Wm., 397, 401, Marlborough, Mass, 151 Loganian Lib, Phil., 390, 401 Marrigault, Gabriel, 455 Loganian, Haverford, Pa., 353 Marshall College, Griffin, Ga., 28 Logansport, Ind., 47 Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., 358 Louisiana, 61 Martin, C., 482 Louis XVI, 497 Maryland, 77 Louisville, Ky., 60 Marysville Lib. Assoc. Cal., (John T. Lowell, Mass., 148 McLean), 2 Lutheran Hist. Soc., Gettysburg, Pa. (S. Maryville College, Maryville, Tenn. (J. S. Schmucker), 350 S. Craig, S. B. King), 467 Lyceum and Lib. Soc., New Orleans, La. Maryville, Tenn., 467 (Jewett), 63 Masonic College, Lexington, Mo. (W. T. Lyceum and Lib. Assn., West Hoboken, Davis), 196 N. J. (J. Alcorn, John Syms), 228 Massachusetts, 90 Lyceum and Lib, Assn.,Worcester, Mass. MIattapan Lib. Assn, Dorcllhester, Mass. (J. W. Higginson, N. Paine), 180 (John S Smith), 142 Lyceum, Cazenovia, N. Y., 244 Maturin, Rev. E., 550 Lyceum, Manchester, Mass. (G. F. Rust), Mausoleum in Texas, 474 150 Maxwell,'Mr., 488 Lyceum of Nat. Hist, N. Y. (Jewett), Maryland Institute, Baltimore, Md. (Jno. 276 S. Selby), 81 Lyceum, Roxboro, Pa., 426 McDonell, Bishop, 529 Lyceum Soc., Crawfordsville, Ind. (C. McDowell, Dr., 421 R. Haskell), 45 McGill, James, 532 Lyndhurst, Lord, 432 McGill Univ. Soc., Montreal, Canada, 534 Lynn, Mass., 150 McGrawville, N. Y,, 255 McKendree College, Lebanon, Ill. (G. C. Machias, Me., 73 Jones), 38 Mackenzie, Win, 400, 402 McKenzie, John, 453 MacMullin, J., 292 McLain, T. J., 329 Macon, Ga., 29 McLellan, Hon. Brice, 65 Madison, Ind., 48 Meadville, Pa., 362 Madison, James, 491, 507, 508 Mechanical Fire Co., Baltimore, Md. (R. Madison Univ., Hamilton, N. Y. (Jewett, B. McColm), 84 P. B. Spear), 251 Mech. Apprentices' Lib. Assn., Boston, Madison, Va., 484 AMass. (W. S. Reading, Jewett). 108 Madison, Wis., 499 Mech. Assn., Gardiner, Me. (H. K. MorMagnetic Instruments, 542 rell, Jas D Moore), 71 Magnetical and Meteorol. Observatory, Mech. Assn., Bangor, Me. (W. Bartlett),66 Toronto, 540 Mech. Assn., Worcester, Mass. (W. W. Maine, 64 Rice), 180 Manchester, Mass., 150 Maine Charit. Mech. Assn., Portland, 73 Manchester, N. H., 212 Maine Wesleyan Sem., Kent's Hill, 72 Manton, Amasa, 571 Mechanics' Institute, Chicago, Ill., 35 Manual Labor School for Indigent Boys, Mech. Inst., Cincinnati, 0 (J. B. Heich), Baltimore, Md., 78 315, 316 Manufac. and Village Lib., Great Falls, Mech. Inst, Louisville, Ky., 60 N. H. (H. E. Sawyer, J. A. Bur.- Mech. Inst., Nashville, Tenn. (J. A, leigh), 209 Creighton, John Meigs), 467 Manuscripts, 403 Mech. Inst., N. Y. (Jewett), 277 Map-case, 445 Mech. Inst., Richmond, Va, 489 Marietta College, Marietta, O. (E. P. Mech. Inst., Southwark, Phil. (T, J. Walker, Jewett, Thos. Vinton), 331 Comly), 409 (678 INDEX. Mech. Inst., Toronto, Canada, 544 Michigan, 182 Mech. Lib., Lancaster, Pa. (P. McCo- Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vt. nomy), 360 (Jewett), 477 MIech. Lib, Newport, R. I. (Jewett), 428 Middlebury, Vt.. 477 -Mech. Lib., Portland, Me. (P. W. Neal, Middlesex Mech. Assn., Lowell, Mass. H. Willis), 73 (Jewett, J. Powers), 149 Mech. Soc., Detroit (John Farrar), 185 Middlesex N. Dist. Med. Soc., Lowell, Medford, Mass., 151 Mass. (N. B. Edwards), 150 Medical College, Albany, N. Y. (T. Hun), Middletown, Conn., 15 229 Milledgeville, Ga., 29 Medical College, Laporte, Ind, 47 Miles, J. W., 450 Medical College, Cincinnati, O. (Jewett), Military Libraries, 582 314 Miller Academy, Washington, O. (J. E. Medical College of Ga. (Jewett, Dr. L. Alexander), 338 A. Dugas), 26 Millington, Dr. John, 497 Medical College, Savannah, Ga. (J. Har- Mills, C., 555 ris), 31 Milwaukie, Wis., 502 Medical College, Washington, D. C., 509 Minnesota, 188 Med. Dept., Lexington, Ky. (R. Peter), 60 Mishawum Literary Assn., Charlestown, Med. Lib., Cambridge, Mass., 128 Mass. (W. H. Finney), 139 Med. Lib., Hanover, N. H., 210 Misokosmian Soc., Providence, R. I., 437 Med. School of Me, Brunswick, 70 Missionary Soc., Hamilton, N. Y., 252 Med. Soc. of State of S. C, Charleston, Missionary Soc., Toronto, 538 S. C. (Jewett, H. K. Frost), 456 Mississippi, 189 Mercantile Lib. Assn., Bangor, Me. (T. Missouri, 192 Smith), 65 Missouri Univ., Columbia, Mo. (B. S. Mercan. Lib. Assn., Boston, Mass. (E. B. Head), 192 Htinckley), 110 Mobile, Ala., 1 Mercan. Lib. Assn., New Orleans, La., Monroe, James, 495, 509 63 Monterey Cal. Lib. Assn. (D. R. Ashley),2 Mercan. Lib. Assn., N. Y. (S. H. Grant), Montgomery Masonic College, Tenn., 277 463 Aiercan. Lib. Assn., Portsmouth. N. H. Monticello Fem. Sem., Godfrey, Ill. (J. W. Tucklerman), 217 (Miss P. Fobes), 37 Mercan. Lib. Assn., San Francisco, Cal. Montpelier, Vt., 478 (H. Davis, W. H. Mowe), xvii, 3 Montreal, Canada, 531 Mercan. Lib. Assn., St. Louis, Mo. (W. Morris Inst. and Apprentices' Lib. (E. P. Curtis), 197 J. Cooper), 219 Mercan. Lib. Co., Baltimore, Md. (Jas. Morrison, Jacob, 503 Green), 85 Morristown, N. J., 219 Mercan. Lib. Co., Phil. (S. C. Brace, J. Mount Lebanon, La., 63 Edmonds), 410 Mount Pleasant College, Pa., 339 Mercan. Lib., Portland, Me. (F. Robin- Mount Pleasant, Iowa, 54 son, H. Willis), 73 Mount Pleasant, N. C., 309 Mercersburg, Pa., 364 Mount Vernon Soc., Chestertown, Md., Mercer Univ., Penfield, Ga. (Jewett), 30 88 Merchants' and Clerks' Lib. Assn., N. Y. Moyamensing Lit. Inst., Phil. (W. Dick(M. L. Schaefer), 288 son, T. E. Harper), 415 Meriden, N. H., 214 Munford, G. W., 488 Metcalf, Hon. Theron, 433 Murfreesboro, N. C., 309 Meteorological Observatory and Instru- Murfreesboro, Tenn., 467 ments, 542 Museums, 547 Methodist General Bib. Inst., Concord, Museum of Nat. Hist., Charleston, 450 N. H., 205 Museum of Smithsonian Institution, 519 Miami University, Oxford, O. (Jewett, C. Musical Fund Soc., Boston, Mass., 116 Elliot), 334 Mu Sigma Rho Soc., Richmond, Va., Michaux, Andre, 455 487 INDEX. 679 Nantucket, Mass., 151 N. Y. Conference Sem., Charlotteville, Nash, Gen. Francis, 468 N. Y. (Prof. A. Flack), 245 Nashotah House, or Theol. Sem., Dela- N. Y. Soc. Lib., N. Y. (Jewett), 291 field, Wis. (A. D. Cole), 499 Nichols, Jos. H., 503 Nashville, Tenn., 467 Nobili, Rev. John, 5 National Institute, Washington, D. C. Normal School, Albany, N. Y. (Jewett), (Jewett, J. Tyssowski, W. W. Tur- 236 ner), 513 Normal School, Westfield, Mass. (J. L. National Observatory, Washington, D. C. Martin), 167 (J. S. Hubbard), 514 Norris, Samuel, 394 Nat. Hist. Soc., Bridgewater, Mass. (P. Norristown, Pa., 364 Howes), 121 Northampton, Mass., 156 Nat. Hist. Soc., Montreal, Canada, 532 North Brookfield, Mass., 156 Naval Acad., Annapolis, Md. (W. Clhau- North Carolina, 307 venet), 78 Northern Acad. of Arts and Sci., Hanover, Naval Hospital, Pensacola, Fla. (Jewett), N. H. (Jewett, Prof. E. D. Sanborn), 24 210, 212 Neander's Library, 300 Northwestern Univ., Evanston, Ill. (W. Nebraska, 525 D. Godman), 36 Neotrophian, Bethany, Va. (W. F. Jones), Norwich, Conn., 21 481 Norwich, Vt., 478 Nettleton Rhetorical Soc., East Windsor, Norwich Univ., (Jewett, A. Jackman), Conn., 7 478 Newark, Del., 23 Notre Dame du Lac, Ind., 50 Newark, N. J., 220 Nova Scotia, 550 Newark Lib. Assn. (F. W. Ricord), 220 Number of volumes Read, xx New Bedford, Mass., 152 Nu Pi Kappa Soc., Gambier, O. (W. H. New Bedford Free Pub. Library, xvii, 152 Hays, W. R. Madeira), 327, 328 Newberry College and Theol. Sem.,Newberry, S. C. New Britain, Conn., 16 Oakland College, Oakland, Miss. (Jewett, New Brunswick, N. J., 223 R. Patterson), 190 Newburg, N. Y., 255 Oakland Fem. Inst., Norristown, Pa. (J. Newburyport, Mass., 155 G. Ralston), 364 Newcastle, Del., 23 Oakland Fem. Sem., Hillsborough, O. New England Hist. and Gen. Soc., Bos- (J. McID. Matthews), 328 ton, Mass.(Jewett, T. B.Wyman),116 Oakland, Miss., 190 New Hampshire, 205 Oberlin College, O. (H. Hill), 333 New Hampton, N. H., 214 Oberlin, 0., 333 New Haven, Conn., 16 Observatory, Ann Arbor, Mich., 184 New Ipswich, N. H., 215 Observatory, Georgetown, D. C., 506 New Jersey, 219 Observatory, Haverford, Pa., 354 New London, Conn., 21 Observatory, Mag. and Met., Toronto, New Mexico, 525 540 New Orleans, La., 63 Odd Fellows' Lib., Baltimore, Md. (Jno. Newport, R. I., 428 Shotten), 85 Newspapers, 403, 404 Odd Fellow s' Lib., San Francisco, Cal., 4 Newton Centre, Mass., 156 Ogilvie, Jas., 431 Newton Colleg. Inst., Newton, N. J. (J. Oglethorpe Univ., Milledgeville, Ga. S. Smith), 226 (Jewett, C. W. Lane), 29 Newton, N. J.. 226 Ohio, 310 Newton Theol. Inst., Newton Centre, Ohio Univ., Athens, O. (W. H. Young), Mass. (A. Hovey), 156 310 New York, 229 Ohio Wesleyan Univ., Delaware, O. (S. New York City, 255 W. Williams), 324 N. Y. Central College, McGrawville, N. Old Colony Hist. Soc., Taunton, Mass. Y. (A. Smith), 255 (S. H. Emery), 166 680 INDEX. Old Colony Pilgrim Soc., Plymouth, Pensacola, Fla., 24 Mass. (Jewett), 157 Peoria, Ill., 38 Olympia, Wash. Ter., 526 Periodicals, 230, 281 Omacatl Soc., N. Y. (H. Baldwin), 294 Perkiomen Bridge, Pa., 365 Oneida Conf. Sem., Cazenovia, N. Y. (H. Pernot, C., 247 Bannister), 244 Perrin's Circulating Lib., Providence, Oregon, 525 R. I. (D. Perrin), 440 Orthological Soc., St. Louis, Mo., 202 Petersburg, Va., 485 Osgood, Rev. Samuel, 435 Pencinian Soc., Brunswick, Ale. (G. C. Otis, Joseph, 22 Moses, B. B. Kingsbury), 68 Otis Lib., Norwich, Conn. (IH. B. Buck. Phcenix Soc., Clinton, N. T., 246 ingham), 22 Phi Beta Kappa, Cambridge, Mass. (G. Ottawa, Canada, 535 C. Sawyer), 131 Otterbein Univ.. Westerville, O. (J. Hay- Phi.Beta Kappa, Williamsburg, Va., 495 wood), 338 Phi Delta, Hudson, O. (H. M. Newton), Oxford, Ga., 30 329 Oxford, Miss., 191 Phi Delta, Milledgeville, Ga., 29 Oxford, O., 334 Phi Gamma Soc., Oxford, Ga., 30 Phi Kappa, Athens. Ga., 26 Philadelphia, Pa., 344, 365 Pacific Mills, Lawrence, Mass. (John Philadelphia Lib., Phil., 390 Fallon), 147 Philadelphian, Meriden, N. H. (A. LitPacific Univ., The Grove, Oregon (S. H. tie), 214 Marsh), 526 Philadelphian, Middlebury, Vt. (M. L. Packard, Fred. A;, 377, 579 Mead), 477 Packard, Rev. J., 491 Philalethian, Fulton, Mo., 194 Parish Lib., Cambridge, Mass. (C. F Philalethian, South Hanover, Ind. (J. B. Livermore), 139 McClure), 51 Parish Lib., Marlborough, Mass. (Jas. Philalethic, St. Louis, Mo., 202 Alger), 151 Philanthropic, Hampden Sidney, Va. Parkersburg, Va., 484 (N. E. Venable), 482 Parthenon, Albion, Mich., 182 Philermenian, Providence, R. I. (C. E. Parthenon, Hartford, Conn., 12 Barrows, J. Bond), 437 Patent Office, Washington, D. C. (W. W. Phileuphradigne, St. Louis, Mo., 202 Turner), 514 Philhermenian, Cincinnati, O., 317 Peabody Inst., Baltimore, Md. (W. E. Phillips' Acad., Andover, Mass., 90 Mayhew), 86 Philips' Exeter Acad., Exeter, N. H., 208 Peabody Inst., South Danvers, Mass. (F. Philodemic, Georgetown, D. C., 506 Poole, E. B; Hinckley), 161 Philo Franklin, Meadville, Pa. (C. R. Peck Lib., Norwich Conn., 21 Stuntz), 363 Peekskill, N. Y., 298 Philo Literary Soc., Canonsburg, Pa. (F. Peithologian Soc., Middletown, Conn. (G. Chambers), 345 C. Smith), 15 Philo Lit. Soc., Washington, O., 338 Pella, Iowa, 55 Philologian, Williamstown, Mass. (C. Pemberton, John, 408 Marsh, S. E. Elmore), 170 Penn, John, 393, 394 IPhilological, Greencastle, Ind., 46 Penn, Thomas, 392, 394, 401 Philologic, Fulton, Mo., 194 Penfield, Ga., 30 Philomathean, Albion, Mich., 182 Penfield, Josiah, 30 Philomathean, Athens, 0., 310 Penitentiary, Alton, Ill. (S. Y. McMas- Philomathean, Bloomington, Ind., 43 ters), 32 Philomathean, Charlotteville, N. Y., 245 Penitentiary, Phil. (F. Larcomb), 383 Philomathean, Huntsville, Texas, 473 Pennsylvania, 342 Philomathean, Philadelphia, Pa., 421 Penn. College, Gettysburg, Pa. (F. A. Philomathean, Racine, Wis., 503 Muhlenberg), 349 Philomathean, Schenectady, N. Y. (H. Penn. Fem. College, Perkiomen Bridge, K. Lovell), 300 Pa, 365 Philomathean, Springfield, Ill., 41 INDEX. 681 Philomathean, Waukesha, Wis. (E. P. Princeton, N. J., 226 Pitkin), 504 Printers' Free Library, N. Y. (P. C. Baker, Philomathesian, Cazenovia, N. Y., 244 Jewett), 294 Philomathesian, Forestville, N. C. (J. T. Prison Lib., Lansing, Mich. (J. Scotford), Walker), 309 187 Philomathesian, Gambier, O. (J. F. Ohl), Prison, Waupun, Wis.. (A. W. Starks), 327 504 Philomathesian, Independence, Texas, Providence Lyceum, Providence, R. I., 473 438 Philomatbesian, Knoxville, Tenn., 466 Providence, R. I., 433 Philomathic, Univ. of Ala. (George Lit- Pruntytown, Va., 486 tie), 2 Psi Gamma, Marietta, O. (W. C. Condit), Philonomosian, Georgetown, D. C., 507 331, 332 Philopedian, Cincinnati, 0., 317 Publications of Amer. S. S. Union, &c., Philophrenian, Washington, D. C. (J. L. 578 Holmes), 510 Pub. Lib. of City of Boston, Mass. (E. Philophronean, Hartwick, N. Y., 253 Capen), 117 Philorhetorian, Middletown, Conn., 15 Pub. School Lib., New Orleans, La., 63 Philosophian, Lebanon, Ill. (T. A. Par- Pub. School Lib., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ker), 38 (J. Van Kleck), 298 Philosophian, Springfield, Ill. (H. M. Punchard Free School Lib., South AndoBrewer), 337 ver, Mass., 161 Philosophical, Byberry, Pa., 344 Philotechnic, Hanover, N. H.) 210 Philotechnian, Williamstown, Mass. (J. Quebec, Canada, 535 Deane, Jas. Orton), 171 Queen Elizabeth, 400 Philozethian, Hudson, O. (T. J. McLain, Quincy, Ill., 38 A. Carroll), 329 Phi Sigma Nu, Burlington, Vt. (C. A. Kent, J. R. Hickok), 477 Racine College, Racine, Wis. (R. Park), Phrenakosmian Lib., Gettysburg, Pa. (J. 503 M. Hughes, Geo. A. Long, J. W. L. Racine, Wis., 503 Doch), 350 Raleigh, N. C., 309 Physio. Med. College of O., Cincinnati, O, Randolph Macon College, Boydton, Va. (W. H. Cook), 316 (W. A. Smith), 481 Pickering, Hon. John, 435 Ransom, Col. T. B., 478 Pierian Assn., Wilbraham, Mass., 169 Rare Books, 11, 491 Pittsburg, Pa., 425 Rawle, Wmin., 392 Platonian, Greencastle, Ind, 46 Raymond Colleg. Inst., Carmel, N. Y., Platonian, Lebanon, Ill., 38 244 Platteville, Wis., 503 Reading-room Assn., Georgetown, D. C., Plymouth, Mass., 157 506, Porcellain Club, Cambridge, Mass. (E. Rector College, Pruntytown,Va.(Jewett), J. Brown, Jewett), 130 486 Porter Rhetorical Soc., Andover, Mass. 91 Redwood, Abraham, 42 9, 432 Portland, Me., 73 Redwood Lib., Newport, R. I. (Jewett, Portsmouth, N. H., 215 A. Bush), 429 Portsmouth, Va., 486 Reed, Win. B., 386 Pottsville, Pa., 426 Regiopolis College, Kingston, Canada, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 298 529 Poulson, Zacharial, 399 Relig. Charit. Lib., Woburn, Mass. (Dr. Prescott, Gen., 431 T. Rickard), 172 Preston, Hon. W. C., 459 Republican Institut., Boston, Mass. (C. Preston, Rev. Samuel, 400 K. Dillaway), 119 Priestley, Dr. Jas., 469 Rhetorical Soc., Gilmanton, N. H., 209 Prince Lib., Boston, Mass. (Jewett), 116 Rhode Island, 428 Princeton, Ky., 60 Richardson, Gen. W. H., 483 682 INDEX. Richardson, Prof. W. G., 2 Shelby College, Shelbyville, Ky. (G. C. Richards, Rev. Wnm., 434 Waller), 61 Richmond College, Va. (Jewett, R. Ry- Shelby Male High School, Germantown, land), 486 Tenn. (A. M. Rafter), 464 Richmond, Va., 486 Shelbyville, Ky., 61 Riddell, Lieut., 541 Shurtleff College, Upper Alton, Ill. (Rev. Roanoke College, Salem, Va. (S. C. J. Bulkley), 42 Wells, D. M. Blackwelder), 490 Shurtleff, Nath. B., xv Robertson, James, 468 Sigournian Soc., Centreville, Ind., 44 Robbins, Rev. Thos., 8 Sigourney Lib., Hillsborough, 0., 328 Robins' Nest, Ill., 39 Silence, Statue of, 322 Rochester, N. Y., 298 Silliman, Aug. E., 432 Rockland, Me., 76 Smibert, 429 Romney Classical Inst., 490 Smith, John J., 390 Romney, Va., 489 Smith, J. S., 226 Routine Duties in a Library, xi Smith, Rev. Winm., 421 Roxboro, Pa., 426 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. Roxbury, Mass., 157 C., 514 Rumford Soc., Cambridge, Mass., 130 Smith, W. R., Hist. of Wis., 501 Russellville, Ky., 61 Smith, Anson, 567 Rutersville, Texas, 473 Smyth, Rev. Dr., 461 Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. Social Friends, Hanover, N. H. (G. E. (S. A. Vrankan, J. W. Beardslee), Horne, C. C. Conant), 210, 211 223 Social Lib., Bucksport, Me. (I. N. Chase), Ryerson, Rev. E., 529, 552, 576 71 Social Lib., Deerfield, Mass. (C. S. Williams), 141 Sabine, Gen., 540 Social Lib., Hallowell, Me.(J. C. Dwight), Sacred Musical Soc., Gilmanton, N. H., 71 209 Social Lib., Machias, Me.( C. W. Porter), Salaries of Librarians, xxiii 73 Salem, Mass., 158 Social Lib., Taunton, Mass. (C. H. BrigSalem, N. C., 310 ham), 166 Salem, Oregon, 526 Soc. of Cadets, Lexington, Va, 483 Salem, Va., 490 Soc. of California Pioneers (N. B. PerSalisbury, Stephen, 178 kins), 5 Salmon Falls, N. H., 218 Soc. of Inquiry, Andover, Mass., 91 Sandy Spring, Md., 89 Soc. of Inquiry, Bangor, Me., 67 San Francisco, Cal., 3 Soc. of Inquiry, Columbia, S. C., 461 Santa Clara College, Cal. (Jno. Nobili), 5 Soc. of Inquiry, East Windsor, Conn., 7 Santa Ines, Cal., 6 Soc. of Inquiry, Fulton, Mo., 194 Savannah, Ga., 31 Soc. of Inquiry, Gilmanton, N. H., 209 Schenectady, N. Y., 300 Soc. of Inquiry, Hanover, N. H., 210 School Lib., Cincinnati, 0. (R E. Heich), Soc. of Inquiry, Lewisburg, Pa., 361 315, 316 Soc. of Inquiry, Marietta, 0., 331, 332 School of Medicine, Toronto, Canada, Soc. of Mechanics and Tradesmen, N. Y. 544 (W. Van Norden), 259 Schott, Anthony, 33 Soc. of Nat. Hist., Boston, Mass. (C. K. Scientific Assn., Pottsville, Pa. (S. Lewis, Dillaway, Jewett), 99 J. H. Wythes), 426 Soc. of Nat. Hist., Portland, Me., 75 Scientific Inst., Flint, Mich. (F. H. Ran- Soc. for Religious Inquiry, Burlington, kin), 186 Vt. (T. S. Buckingham, G. J. Bard), Seabury, Bishop, 9 477 Seamen's Friend Soc., Phil., 419 Soc. of Moral and Religious Inquiry, Seaton, Lord, 549 Upper Alton, Ill., 42 Seminary, Belleville, Canada, 528 Soc. of Religious Inquiry,South Hanover, Sheffield, Jos. E., 12 Ind., 51 INDEX. 683 Soc. of Theol. Research, New Hampton, State Lib., Ind., Indianapolis (Jewett N. H., 215 S. D. Lyon), 47 Soule University, Chappell Hill, Texas, State Lib., Iowa, Des Moines (Jewett, xxviii S. J. Coulter), 53 South Andover, Mass., 161 State Lib., Ky., Frankfort (Jewett, J. C. South Carolina, 447 Hensley), 57 South Carolina College,Columbia(Jewett, State Lib., La., Baton Rouge (H. Droz), B. W. Means, F.W. McMasters), 458 61 South Danvers, Mass., 161 State Lib., Me., Augusta (Jewett, A. South Hanover, Ind., 51 Jackson), 64 South Parish Lib., Portsmouth, N. H. State Lib., Md., Annapolis (Jewett, L. (Mrs. J. H. Haven, Mrs. E. C. Boyle), 77 Haven), 217 State Lib., Mass., Boston (Jewett, B. Southwark Lib., Co., Phil. (J. Joyce, T. Sears, S. C. Jackson), 106 J. Comly, E. S. Hall), 420 State Lib., Mich., Lansing (Jewett), 187 Southwick, Solomon, 432 State Lib., Minn., St. Paul's (R. A. Spingler Institute, N. Y. (G. D. Abbott), Smith, J. J. McCullough), 188 295 State Lib., Miss., Jackson (Jewett, H. H. Spotswood, Gov. Alex., 496, 497 Chalmers), 189 Springfield, Ill., 39 State Lib., Mo., Jefferson City (W. E. Springfield, Mass., 165 Dunscomb), 195 Springfield, O., 335 State Lib., N. H., Concord (Jewett, W. Spring Garden Inst., Phil., 421 F. Goodwin), 206 St. Anthony, Minn., 188 State Lib., N. J., Trenton (C. J. Ihrie), St. Augustine, Fla., 25 227 St. Charles College, Ellicott's Mills, Md. State Lib., N. Y., Albany (Jewett, J. H. (0. L. Jenkins), 89 Hickox, F. B. Hough), 232 St. John's College, Annapolis, Md. State Lib., N. C., Raleigh (0. H. Perry), (Jewett), 78 309 St. John's College, Fordham, N. Y. (C. State Lib., O., Columbus (W. T. CoggePernot), 246 shall), 323 St. Joseph's College, Bardtown, Ky. State Lib., Pa., Harrisburg (W. R. De(Jewett, S. De Blieck, L. Durnor- witt), 351 tier), 56 State Lib., Tenn., Nashville (R. J. St. Louis, Mo., 196 Meigs), 467 St. Mary's College, Baltimore, Md. State Lib., Texas, Austin (Jewett), 472 (Jewett), 86 State Lib., Vermont, Montpelier (D. P. St. Mary's College, Ky., 246 Thompson, H. Webster), 478 St. Mary's Lib. Assn., Albany, N. Y. (B. State Lib., Va., Richmond (G. W. MunMcCaffrey), 235 ford), 487 St. Mary's Lib., Notre Dame Du Lac, Ind. State Lib., Wis., Madison (Jewett, H. (N. H. Gillespie, Jewett), 50 Rublee), 501 St. Michael's Coill., Toronto, Canada, 543 State Normal School, New Britain, Conn. St. Paul, Minn., 188 (D. N. Camp), 16 St. Vincent's College, Cape Girardeau, State Reform School, West Meriden, Mo. (J. J. McGerry), 192 Conn. (S. B. Little), 22 St. Xavier College,Cincinnati, O.(Jewett), Statistical Tables, xxiii 317 Staughton, Rev. Dr. Wm., 509 Stapleton, N. Y., 301 Stiles, President, 16 Starks, A. W., 504 Stiles, Rev. Ezra, 430 State Lib., Conn., Hartford (C. J. Hoad- Steubenville, 0., 337 ley), 8 Stewart College, Clarksville, Tenn., 463 State Lib., Del., Dover, 22 Stewart, Wm. M., 463 State Lib., Florida, Tallahassee, 25 Stockton, Cal., 6 State Lib., Ga., Milledgeville (T. F. Strachan, Rev. Dr., 548 Coudon), 29 Strong Place Baptist Church, Brooklyn, State Lib., Ill., Springfield, 41 N. Y. (Eras. Everett), 239 684 INDEX. Sunday-school Libraries, 578 Theol. Sem. of Evang. Luth. Ch., GetSupreme Court Library, Austin, Texas, tysburg, Pa. (Jewett), 350 472 Theol. Sem. of German Ref. Ch., MerSupreme Court Lib., Washington, D. C., cersburg, Pa. (P. Schaff), 364 512 Theol. Serm. of German Ref. Ch., Tiffin, Swampscott, Mass., 166 0. (J. H. Good), 338 Swatara Lit. Inst., Jonestown, Pa., 354 Theol. Sem., Princeton, N. J. (Jewett, Sydserfe, Dr. Walter, 393 Prof. W. H. Greene), 227 Syracuse, N. Y., 302 Theol. Sem. Columbia, S. C. (Jewett), 460 Theol. Sem. Rochester, N. Y., 300 Tallahassee, Fla., 25 Theol. Sem. (Luth.), Lexington, S. C. Taunton, Mass., 166 (Jewett), 462 Taylor, Zachary, 492 Theol. Sem., Xenia, O. (S. M. L. Kier, J. Territorial Lib., Kansas, xxviii, 525 H. Taylor), 339 Territorial Lib., Nebraska, xxviii, 525 Theol. Soc., Hartwick, N. Y., 253 Territorial Lib., Olympia, Wash. Ter. Theta Alpha Soc., Lewisburg, Pa., 361 (B. F. Kendall), 526 Theta Phi Soc., Charlotteville, N. Y., Territorial Lib., Salem, Oregon, 526 245 Territorial Lib., Utah, 526 Thomas, Isaiah, 362 Territories, 525 Thomaston Fem. Lib., Thomaston, Me.,76 Tennent School, Hartsville, Pa. (Rev. M. Thomaston, Me., 76 Long), 352 Thompson, Chas., 394 Tennessee, 463 Thornton, Dr. Wm., 398 Tenney, Jonathan, 557 Thorpe, George, 494 Texas, 472 Tiffin, O., 337 Texas MIonumental and Military Inst., Timothee, Louis, 392 Rutersville (C. G. Forshey), 473 Todd, John, 397 Thalian Soc., Milledgeville, Ga., 29 Tomlinson, John, 430 The Grove, Oregon, 526 Topsfield, Mass., 167 Theol. and Class. Sem.,Hartwick, N. Y. Toronto, Canada, 537 (Rev. L. Sternberg), 253 Torrey, Prof. Joseph, 476 Theol. Inst., East Windsor, Conn. (W. Totten, Rev. Silas, 10 Thompson), 7 Transylvania Univ., Lexington, Ky. Theol. Lib., Cambridge, Mass., 128 (Jewett), 59 Theol. School, Meadville, Pa. (N. S. Treasury Dept., Washington, D. C. (J. Folsom), 363 D. Hogan), 520 Theol. Sem., Alleghany, Pa. (Jewett, M. Trenton, N. J., 227 W. Jacobus), 342 Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. (C. J. Theol. Sem., Andover, Mass. (Jewett), Hoadly), 9 90 Trinity Colleg. Lit. Inst., Toronto, Can., Theol. Sem., Ass. Ref. Ch., Newbury, 549 N. Y. (Jewett), 255 Troy, N. Y., 303 Theol. Sem., Auburn, N. Y. (Prof. S. Trumbull, J. H., 8 M. Hopkins), 238 Tuft's College, Medford, Mass. (H. BalTheol. Sem., Bangor, Me. (S. K. B. lou, 2d), 151 Perkins, E. Pond), 67 Turner, Prof. W. W., xv Theol. Sem., Chicago, Ill. (A. S. Kedzie), Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1 35 Theol. Sem., Delafield, Wis., 499 Theol. Sem., Fairfax Co., Va. (J. Pack- Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. (Jeward), 491 ett, J. Pearson), 300 Theol. Sem., Gilmanton, N. H. (R. M. Union Lib. Dublin, N. H. (Jewett), 207 Sargent), 209 Union Lib., Hatboro, Pa. (G. J. Mitchell, Theol. Sem., Greenville, S. C., xxviii J. Morton), 352 Theol. Sem. of Diocese of Ohio, Gam- Union Lib. of Upper Merion, King of bier, O., 326 Prussia, Pa. (C. J. Elliott), 356 INDEX. 685 Union Lib, Wakefield, N. H. (W. Saw- Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. (Z. yer, Jr.), 218 Freeman, M. B. Anderson), 300 Union Lit. Soc., Columbia, Mo. (B. S. Univ. of St. Louis, Mo. (F. Logan, J. F. Head), 193 Diels, W. H. Hill), 202 Union Lit. Soc., South Hanover, Ind., 51 Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 545 Union Lit. Soc, West Point, Iowa, 55 Univ. of Trinity College, Toronto, Can., Union, N. H., 218 547 Union Phil. Soc., Carlisle, Pa., 346 Univ. of Vermont, Burlington (N. G. Union Phil. Soc., Wilbraham, Mass, 169 Clark), 476 Union Soc., Clinton, N. Y., 246 Univ. of Victoria College, Cobourg, CaUnion Soc., Hampden Sidney, Va. (E. nada, 528 Mosely), 482 Univ. of Virginia (W. Wertenbaker), 491 Union Theol. Sem., N. Y. (H B. Smith, Univ. of Wis., Madison (J. W. Sterling), Jewett), 295 502 Union Theol. Sem. (Pres.), Hampden Upper Alton, Ill., 42 Sidney, Va. (B. Smith), 483 Upper Canada College, Toronto, Canada, Union Univ, Murfreesboro, Tenn. (H. 549 Y. Riddle), 467 Upper Middleton, Conn, 7 United Brothers' Soc., Providence, R. I. Urbana, 0., 338 (S. W. Abbott, G. L. Stedman), 438 Urbana Univ., Urbana, 0. (M. G. WilUnitedc Fraternity, Hanover, N. H. (D. liams, C. W. Cathcart), 338 R. Carter, D. D. Patten, H. J. Board- Urania College, Glasgow, Ky. (D. C. Nutman.), 210, 211 ting), 58 United Pres. Divinity Hall, Toronto, Utah, 526 Canada, 544 Utilior Soc., Springfield, Ill. (T. R. EasterU. S. Military-Acad, West Point, N. Y. day), 41 (Lieut. A. Baird), 305 Utica, N. Y., 305 U. S. Naval Lyceum, Brooklyn, N. Y. (Lieut. J. W. A. Nicholson), 239 Valuable Books, 459, 460 University College, Toronto, Canada, 544 Vanderburg Co. Lib., Evansville, Ind. University, Mt. Lebanon, La. (B. Egan), (W. H. Walker), 45 63 Van Norden, W., 260 Univ. of Ala. (Jewett, J. D. Rhodes, W. Vanuxem, Prof. 463 S. Wyman), 1 Vattemare, A., xxii, 501 Univ. of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, Vaughan, Benj., 65 Canada, 530 Vaughan and McClellan Lib., Augusta, Univ. of City of N. Y. (H. Crosby), 296 Me. (J. C. Smith), 65 Univ. of Ga., or Franklin College, Athens, Vermont, 475 Ga. (Jewett), 25 Village Lib., Union, N. H. (W. B. ReyUniv. of Ind., Bloomington, 43 nolds), 218 Univ. of Lewisburg, Lewisburg, Pa., 361 Vincennes, Ind., 51, 52 Univ. of McGill Coll., Montreal, Can., 532 Vinton, Alfred, 198 Univ. of Mich., Ann Arbor (J. L. Tap- Virginia, 479 pan), 183 Virginia Male and Fem. Colleg. Inst. (N. Univ. of Minn., St. Anthony, Minn. (J. B. Webster), 486 Atwater), 188 Virginia Military Inst., (T. H. WilliamUniv. of Miss., Oxford, Miss. (C. H. Lee), son), 483 191 Vocalist Assn., St. Louis, Mo. (F. G. Univ. of Nashville, Tenn. (E. Wads- Speth, A. Kehr), 204 worth), 468 Univ. of N. C., Chapel Hill (Jewett, M. Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind. Pinnex), 307 (Jewett, J. L. Campbell), 44 Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame du Wagner Free Inst. of Sci., Phil. (W. Lac, 50 Wagner, J. T. Walton), 422 Univ. of Penna., Phil. (Jewett), 421 Wagner, Prof. W., 422, 423 Univ. of Queen's College, Kingston, Can., Wakefield, N. H., 218 530 Walmsley, Wm. M., 411 686 INDEX. Waln, Robt,, 410 West Newton, Mass., 168 Walter, Thos. U., 512 West Phil. Inst. (J. Allen, E. Watson), War Dept., Washington, D. C. (Jewett), 423 520 West Point, Iowa, 55 Warsaw, Ill., 42 West Point, N. Y., 305 Washington College, Chestertown, Md. West Roxbury, Mass., 168 (Jewett, Prof. A. Sutton), 88 West Tennessee College, Jackson, Tenn., Washington College, Lexington, Va. 465 (Jewett), 483 Wharton, T. J., 381 Washington, D. C., 507 Wheaton, Ill., 43 Washington, George, 95, 399, 492, 496, Whitcomb, Hon. Jas., 46 507 White, Philo, 503 Washington Lit. Soc., Lexington, Va., 484 Whitewater College, Centreville, Ind., 44. Washington, 0., 338 Wilbraham, Mass., 168 Washington Soc., Boydton, Va., 481 Williamsburg, Va., 492, 495 Washington Soc., Easton, Pa., 348 Williams' College, Williamstown, Mass. Washington Territory, 526 (Jewett), 169 Waterman, Nathan, 446 Williams, Mrs. Harriet Peck, 21 Waterville College, Waterville, Me. Williams, Rev. Dr. John, 10 (Jewett, Prof. S. K. Smith), 77 Williamstown, Mass., 169 Waterville, Me., 77 Willis, H., 74 Waukesha, Wis., 504 Wilmington, Del., 24 Waupun, Wis., 504 Wilson, Dr., 538 Waverly Soc., Coll. of St. James, Mid., 89 Windsor, Nova Scotia, 550 Webb, Thos. H., 435 Winnisimmet Lit. Inst., Chelsea, Mass. Wesleyan Acad.,Wilbraham,Mass. (Rev. (E. H. Osgood), 140 M. Raymond), 168 Winsor's Circulating Lib., Providence, Wesleyan College, Albion, Mich. (C. C. R. I. (E. S. Winsor), 447 Olds), 182 Winthrop, IHon. James, 362 Wesleyan Female College, Macon, Ga. Wisconsin, 498 (Jewett, Rev. C. W. Smith), 29 Wise, John, 479 Wesleyan Female College, Wilmington, Wise, Rev. Daniel, 579 Del., 24 Wittenburg College, Springfield, O. (H. Wesleyan Lit. Assn., Charlotteville, N. K. Giger, J. Sprecher), 335 Y., 245 Woburn, Mass., 172 Wesleyan Univ., Middletown, Conn. Woods, Jos., 397 (Jewett, J. Van Vleck), 15 Wood, Wm., 108 West, Benj., 400 Worcester Dist. Med. Soc., Worcester, West Chester, Pa., 427 Mass. (H. Clark, W. Workman), 180 West. Acad. Nat. Sci., Cincinnati, 0., Worcester, Mass., 172 317 Wren, Sir Christopher, 496 Western Carolina Male Acad., Mt. Plea- Wright, H. A., 573 sant, N. C., 309 Western Military Inst., Nashville, Tenn., Xenia, 0., 339 471 Western Reserve College, Hudson, 0. Yale College, New Haven, Conn. (Jewett, (Jewett), 329 E. C. Herrick), 16 Western Theol. Sem., Alleghany, Pa., Yellow Springs, 0., 341 342 Young Ladies' Assn., Albion, Mich., 182 Western Univ. of Penna., Pittsburg (W. Young Ladies' Lit. and Lib. Assn., NorT. McDonald), 425 ristown, Pa., 365 Westerville, 0., 338 Young Men's Inst., Phil. (W. Welsh), Westfield, Mass., 167 424 West Hoboken, N. J., 228 Young Men's Assn., Albany, N. Y. (A. West Meriden, Conn., 22 F. Lansing, Jewett), 236 Westminster College, Fulton, Mo. (S. S. Young Men's Assn., Buffalo, N. Y. (W. Laws), 193 Ives), xvii, 241 INDEX. 687 Young Men's Assn., Chicago, Ill. (H. D. Young Mien's Chris. Assn,, St. Louis, Mo. French), 36 (R. A. Davison), 204 Young Men's Assn.,Milwaukie,Wis. (W. Young Men's Chris. Assn., Stockton, Bilton, J. R. Brigham, G. Cogswell), Cal., 6 512 Young Men's Chris. Assn., St. Paul, Minn., Young-Men's Chris. Assn., Alexandria, 189 Va., 479 Young Men's Assn., Troy, N. Y. (H. P. Young Men's Chris. Assn., Baltimore, Filer), 303 Md., 87 Young Men's Chris. Assn., Washington, Young Men's Chris. Assn., Boston, Mass. D. C., 522 (T. T. Bailey), 120 Young Men's Chris. Union, Boston, Mass., Young Men's Chris. Assn., Brooklyn, N. 120 Y., 240 Young Men's Chris. Union, Buffalo, N. Young Men's Chris. Assn., Charleston, S. Y., 244 C, 456 Young Men's Chris. Union, Cincinnati, Young Men's Chris. Assn., Columbus, O. (T. C. Fitch), 318 Ga, 28 Young Men's Chris. Union (German), Young Men's Chris. Assn., Concord, N. Cincinnati, 0, 320 H., 207 Young Men's Debating Club, Wilbraham, Young Men's Chris. Assn., Halifax, N. S., Mass., 168 550 Young Men's Evang. Union, Charlestown, Young Men's Chris. Assn., Harrisburg, Mass., 140 Pa. (S. A. Holmes), 352 Young Men's Gymnasium and Lib. Assn., Young Men's Chris. Assn,, Independence, Chilicothe, 0. (E. H. Allen), 312 Texas, 473 Young Men's Inst., Birmingham, Conn. Young Men's Chris. Assn., Jacksonville, (A. H. Gilbert, C. D. Russell), 6 Fla. (A. T. Holloman), 24 Young Men's Inst., Hartford, Conn., 13 Young Men's Chris. Assn., Lancaster, Pa. Young Men's Inst., New Haven, Conn. (P. Wager, Jr.), 360 (A. Day), 20 Young Men's Chris. Assn., Macon, Ga. Young Men's Inst., Northampton, Mass. (N. Van Geisen), 29 (Miss C. S. Laidley,Jos. Lathrop),156 Young Men's Chris. Assn., Manchester, Young Men's Lib. Assn., Augusta, Ga. N. H. (S. Bunton), 213 (H. Moore), 27 Young Men's Chris. Assn., Montreal, Young Men's Lit. Assn., Davenport, Iowa, Canada, 531 53 Young Men's Chris. Assn., New Orleans, Young Men's Lib. Assn., New London, La., 64 Coun. (A. Coit), 21 Young Men's Chris. Assn., N. Y. (E. C. Young Men's Lit. Assn., Savannah, Ga. Marshall), 297 (R. L. Crolty), 32 Young Men's Chris. Assn., Philadelphia, Young Men's Lib. Assn., Taunton, Mass., Pa., xxviii 166 Young Men's Chris. Assn., Pittsburg (R. Young Men's Lib. Assn.,Worcester, Mass., D. Tilson), 425 18i Young Men's Chris. Assn., Portland, Me. Young Men's Mercan. Lib., Pittsburg, (B. Chickering, Z. Jellison), 75 Pa., (A. Hay, G. H. Anderson, J. C. Young Men's Chris. Assn., Portsmouth, Schaad), 425 N. H. (W. Seavey, J. C. Works), 217 Young Men's Mercan. Lib., Cincinnati, Young Men's Chris. Assn., Providence, O. (R. H. Stephenson), 320 R. I. (W. C. Mills), 447 Young Men's Soc., Detroit (Jewett), 185 Young Men's Chris. Assn., Richmond, Va. Young Men's St. Patrick's Assn., Toronto, (W. H. Walker, A. M. Bailey), 488 Canada, 549 Young Men's Chris. Assn.,San Francisco, Youths' Free Lib., Brooklyn, N. Y. (J. Cal., 5 - McGeorge, Jewett), 241 Young Men's Chris. Assn., Savannah, Ga., 32 Young Mlen's Chris. Assn., Stapleton, N. Zanesville, O., 341 Y., 301 Zelosophic Soc., Phil., 422