A SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY UNION IDE. BY ISAAC LEA, LL.D., VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY; LATE PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA; MEMBER OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, ETC. ETC. FOURTH EDITION, VERY GREATLY ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. PHILADELPHIA: HENRY C. LE A. 1870. PHILADELPHIA: COLLINS, PRINTER. TO ISAAC HAYS, M.D., LATE PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. ETC. MY VERY DEAR FRIEND: I have already dedicated one of my volumes of Observations on the Genus Unio to you; still, as this is the most important of all my works, I cannot resist the inclination to offer it to you, who have been my lifelong companion, associate, and friend. For over fifty years we have been united in labors to promote the cause of Science, by the ties of friendship and the congeniality of tastes and pursuits. In my particular branch you have always aided me by your sympathy and advice. All medical men know what eminent services you have rendered in the advancement of the healing art. These are claims which induce me to ask you to accept this, the fourth edition of my Synopsis, which is almost a new work. Always your constant and sincere friend, ISAAC LEA. PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION. IT is now eighteen years since the last edition of this "Synopsis" was published. The advancement of the knowledge of Natural History has been accelerated during that period by the labors of many men of science, the younger of whom have embraced the study with great earnestness and energy. The effect of this progress has been felt very sensibly in that interesting group of Mfollusca which embraces the Family Unionidce. Consequently the additions of species and synonyms have been largely increased, resulting, in fact, in more than doubling the lists of the last edition. The labor required for this portion of the work has been very great. The same principles of arrangement of the tabular system which were used in the previous editions have been retained in this. After the experience of thirty-four years since the first edition was issued, I have had no reason to believe that any better arrangement could be devised in the present state of our knowledge. The tables have therefore been extended to the present time, and have been so much enlarged with new matter as almost to entitle the work to be considered a new one. This has been done with a faithful desire to recognize every fellow-laborer in this group, and to render to each one full justice. Some may have been omitted, for want of access to their works-none intentionally. The present edition is greatly improved and enlarged by additions to the geographical distribution tables, and by the habitat of each of the species; and the Index referring to the tables of species and synonymy has had the exact references fully made to the works where they were originally announced. These two very important additions to the previous editions will facilitate the use of reference to all the works on the subject which this "Synopsis" embraces. B vi PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION. These tables were originally made for my own use. Subsequently I was induced to print them, and they have now expanded to a large volume. With all the care which has been bestowed on them, I do not present them as a perfect and complete work, and I trust that any omissions and errors may be pointed out to me. The Bibliographical List of the Unionidce at the end of the volume will surprise the general student by its enormous extent, comprising, as it does, about eleven hundred references, and yet I am perfectly aware that many works will be found to exist which have never come under my notice. PHILADELPHIA, June, 1870. CONTENTS. PAGE Corrigenda et Addenda...... viii SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY UNIONIDE...... ix Division of the Family Unioniclde.... xxvi Genus Margaron..... 25 Subgenus Triquetra.......25 Subgenus Prisodon......27 Subgenus Unio.......... xiii. 28 Subgenus Margaritana......... 67 Subgenus Plagiodon............ 71 Subgenus Monocondylea...... 72 Subgenus Dipsas 74..4 Subgenus Anodonta............ 75 Subgenus Columba....... 86 Subgenus Byssanodonta....... 87 Genus Platiris. 88 Subgenus Iridina............ 88 Subgenus Spatha............ 89 Subgenus Mycetopus...... 90 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES OF THE FAMILY UNIONIDE..... 93 Genus Margaron... 93 Subgenus Triquetra...... 93 Subgenus Prisodon............. 93 Subgenus Unio........ 93 Subgenus Margaritana............ 103 Subgenus Plagiodon........... 104 Subgenus Monocondylcea............ 104 Subgenus Dipsas.............. 104 Subgenus Anodonta.......... 104 Subgenus Columba.............. 107 Subgenus Byssanodonta............ 107 Genus Platiris..........108 Subgenus Iridina........... 108 Subgenus Spatha............. 108 Subgenus Mycetopus.......... 108 Index of Species................109 Alphabetical List of Works referring to the Unionidae in this volume...... 149 Chronological Bibliography of the Unionidee........... 157 Appendix............... 183 CORRIGENDA ET ADDENDA. PAGE LTNE PAGE LTNE 25 20 add Triquetra obliqua. Adams. 62 17 for Laonensis read Laosensis. 27 14 and in note, for Crossiana read Crosseiana. 63 18 for Dumbove read Dumbee. 27 11 insert below Duprei, Castalia Duprei. Recluz 64 12 strike out U. Pugio. Ben. Reeve. as a synonym. 64 13 for Terheri read Zeyheri. 28 14 under delphinus insert as syn. Uyria delphi- 64 22 strike out Schwerzenbachii. Bourg. nus, Trosch. 65 5 for aqualina read aqualinus. 29 17 for Vondembushiana read Vondembuschiana. 65 12 for Bronn. read Goldfuss. 30 2 for Nyassensis read Nyassaensis. 65 15 for Bronn. read Sowerby. 31 12 for crespisulcatus read cripisculatus. 66 19 for tumulatis read tumulatus. 32 in 2d column, insert NODULOUS. 66 27 transfer Unio Verse-Pacis to page 64. 35 21 for Grundlachi read Gundlachi. 71 4 under isocardioides Lea, place Unio isocar86 3 for Demararaensis read Demeraraensis. dioides Reeve. 38 2 for habetetus read hebetatus. 72 11 for Monge read (Monoc.) 38 6 after favidens insert as a synonym U. triros- 72 6 for Salmeniania read Salweniana. tris. Reeve. 72 3 for Mlechonii read lichonii. 39 21 for caridiacea read cardiacea. 75 16 for Math. read Meth. 40 last line in first column, add Sumatrensis. 76 2 after cygnea insert Lin. Dunk. 78 22 under An. IcNielii place An. opalina 42 18 for turdigulus read turgidulus. Anth. 42 21 place Con. before Ban. 81 21 for Napotalensis read Nopalatensis. 43 19 for Lea read Con. 84 17 for Leotandi read Leotaudi. 44 4 after tenerus add tenebrosus, Con. as a syn- 84 15 for opilina Kust read opalina. onym. 84 32 & 33 for Kust. read Kutschig. 44 3 add delumbis, Con. as a synonym to modio- 118 42 after Vid. insert Fauna Dalmatiens by liformis, Lea. Frauenfeld in Zool. bot. Vereins 1856. 46 9 for Blan. read Lea. 121 43 for Drap read Dup. and for 41 read 65. 48 23 insert Bourg. before Parr. 150 5 for Chirriet read Cirrhipes. 48 24 insert rasus, Lea, after Mosulensis, Lea. 105 & 106 A. atrovirens and cornea, Nicaragua. In49 32 for Vandembuschiana read Vondembuschi- advertently put in So. Am. list instead of ana. No. Am. 53 24 for legubris read lugubris. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF UNIONIDA. SOME students of the Mollusca have treated the Family Unionidce as of little importance or interest. This has evidently arisen fiom the fact that they are common and generally not attractive to the eye as the marine species are. But when we consider that over 1000 books and papers are inserted in the list herein presented, we must acknowledge that most of the best writers on Malacology have given space and attention to the importance of the subject. Deshayes very properly remarks: "Aussi il est pen de genres dans le grand elsemble des Mollusques qui ait ete plus frequemment mentionne que celui-ci."l And Swainson in his Mfalacology very properly remarks that "The Uionidce, of all the groups of DITHYRIA (ConcMfera), is that which contains the greatest modifications of form; insomuch that it becomes almost impossible, in some of its minor divisions, to determine which are species and which varieties," &c.-P. 290. The following table of arrangement and synonymy was undertaken purely with the view, and in the hope of clearing away the difficulties which had encumbered one of the most interesting families of the Mollusca. In this attempt I met, while pursuing the task, with obstructions and difficulties which I little anticipated at its commencement. The want of some of the books of reference, and the confusion which reigned throughout many of them, sometimes presented obstacles which seemed almost insurmountable. The extensive and admirable library of the Academy of Natural Sciences-of Philadelphia has greatly aided me in this and the previous editions. In attempting to establish the synonymy, I have endeavored to render the strictest justice, and if, in any case, it be found that I have failed to do this, it will be a matter of sincere regret. All corrections will be gratefully acknowledged. 1 Traite Elementaire, T. xi. p. 195. C X SYNOPSIS OF In the following tables there will be found in the Family, 1069 recent species as admitted, 224 unknown to me or doubtful, and 183 fossil; in all 1476; and the synonymy according to my views is enormous, being 891. Of the subgenus Triquetra (Klein),' there are 4 species and 25 synonyms. Of the subgenus Prisodon (Schumacher),2 3 species and 13 synonyms. Of the subgenus Unio (Retzius), there are 833 species in a recent state and 501 synonyms. In addition there are 141 which I have not been able to admit as certain; of fossil species 169. Of the subgenus Ml~crgaritana (Sc7humaccer), there are 29 admitted species, and 6 which are unknown to me. There are 66 synonyms. Of the subgenus Plagiodon (Lea), there is 1 species. Of the subgenus MIonocondylcea (D'Orignzy), there are 26 species, and 4 unknown to me. There are 27 synonyms. Of the subgenus Dipsas (Leach), I know of but 2 species, both of which are recent. There are 20 synonyms. Of the subgenus Anodonta (Cuvier), there are 148 admitted species, and 68 which are unknown to me. Of fossil species there are 14. Of synonyms there are 1897. Of the subgenus Colunba (Lea), there are 2 species, and 13 synonyms. Of the subgenus Byssanodonta (D'Orbigny), 1 species. Of the subgenus Iridina (Lamarck), there are 4 species, and 3 unknown to me.4 There are 6 synonyms. Of the subgenus Spathza (Lea), there are 9 species, all recent, and 2 unknown to me. There are 22 synonyms. Of the subgenus Mlycetopus (D' Orbigny), there are 8 species, and 8 synonyms. Most of the distinguished authors who have written on the subject of the division of this Family, have acknowledged the extreme difficulty they have encountered in separating it into natural groups, This difficulty is not peculiar to the Unionidce. In most of the Families where a great number of species has been observed, we find 1 Tentamen Methodi, 1753. 2 Nouveau Systeme, 1817. 3 To Anodonta cygnea alone I make 106 synonyms, and I believe that many in my doubtful list will be found to be mere synonymsto to this prolific species, which has been a mine to ambitious species makers. 4 Mr. Gray, in his List of Genera, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1847, gives priority to Scopoli, Intro. ad Hist. NTat., 1777, under the name of Mutela. Scopoli adopts Adanson's name of Mutel, and adds the a to it. TH E F A M ILY O F UIONID E, xi these species so merging, and, in some of their characters, so fading away into each other, that we scarcely know how-indeed, in some instances it is impossible-to make the separation with precision. "Natura non facit saltum." A writer in the Edinburgh Review, No. 212, p. 494, says some German and French botanists "content themselves with calling species any collection of individuals which resemble each other more than they do any other set of individuals, without any limitation to the degree of resemblance or difference which shall determine whether they belong to the same or distinct species." "But the more rational definition adopted in substance by all the great masters of the science of the present day is that of'a collection of individuals which, by their resemblance to each other, or by other circumstances, we are induced to believe are all descended or may have descended from one individual or pair of individuals.' The various modifications of this definition enumerated by De Candolle consist chiefly in the more or less detailed enumeration of the other circumstances, such as hereditary constancy of character, facility of intermixture of breeds," &c. In the vegetable kingdom, the same obstructions to a system are encountered. The observations of Lindleyl are so just and philosophic, that I cannot refrain from quoting them here:-'Species are created by Nature herself, and remain always the same, in whatever manner they may be combined: they form the basis of all classification, and are the only part of it which can be considered absolute. For although, in a natural system, all other combinations -whether genera, tribes, orders, or by whatever name they may be known-comprehend species agreeing much more with each other than with anything else, and having a positive general resemblance in the majority of their features, yet no fixed limits can be assigned to any of them; on the contrary, they pass, by means of various intermediate species, into the other genera, tribes, orders, &c., to which they are most nearly allied. For this reason, viz., that no fixed limits can be assigned to orders, genera, &c., we find the ideas about them fluctuating with the degree of our knowledge; which is the true cause of those changes in the limits of genera, &c., which persons unacquainted with the subject are apt to consider arbitrary, but which, in skilful hands, are dependent upon a progressive advance in the knowledge of science." Linnaeus defines species thus: "Species tot sunt quot diversas formas ab initio produxit Infinitum Ens; qnue formae secundum generationis inditas leges, produxere plures, at sibi semper similes." —Phil. Bot., 99, 157. See Introd. to Botany, p. 307. xii SYNOPSIS OF According to St. Hilaire a species is a collection or succession of individuals characterized by a combination of distinctive features, the transmission of which is natural, regular, and indefinite in the existing order of things." MM. Ray and Drouet (1Retue et Mag. de Zoologie, 1849) give their views of what forms a species in the following terms: " Generalement on entend, par se mot (espece), un type d'organisation de forme et d'activite, rigoureusement d6termine, qui se perpetue successivement par generation directe et d'une maniere indefinie avec la meme constance de caracteres."' Milne Edwards's definition of species, I think, is less clear. He says: "On donne le nom d'espece a la reunion des individus, qui se reproduisent entre eux avec les memes proprietes essentielles." Cuvier considered that the fact of the succession and of the constant succession, constituted alone the validity of the species. Dr. Morton comprised his view of species as "a primordial organic form." Neither of these definitions fulfils my own idea of what forms a species. It seems to me that a species must be considered to be a primary estabis7hed law, stamped with a persistent form (a type), pertaining solely to itself, with the power of successively reproducing the sameform and none other. Blainville, in his Macnuel de Mlalacologie, divides thle ionidoncd (his Sub-Mytilacea) into Anodonta and Unio, but thinks that species will.be found which will make these to be united.2 Danal says "a species corresponds to a slecific amount or condition of concentred force, defined in the act or law of creation." Sowerby says: "The difficulty of ascertaining to which genus of Lamarckian Nlatdes certain species belong, arises from the very general similarity of form," &c.; "in fact, an examination of a sufficient number of species will prove that no dependence can be placed upon the characters by.which authors usually attempt to discriminate between these genera, and that the transition from one to another is so gradual in some instances, and so strongly marked in others, that it is not surprising that authors, who, having only met with certain species, and not.being. aware of such intermediate links, should have considered them as the types of new genera."4 And further: "We think we have already said enough to prove that, unless it be thought M. Drouet, in his Etudes sur les Nayades de la France, 1854, has given valuable observatiols on the anatomy, function, diagnosis, &c. of Anodonta. 2 See page 540. " Thoughts on Species. Am. Ji. of Science, 1857. 4 Zool. Journ. vol. i. THE FAMILY OF UNXIONTIDE. X1ii wise to elevate each of the peculiar sorts we have mentioned, and many more, into distinct genera, it will be positively necessary to unite them altogether under one generic appellation." Deshayes, in his edition of Lamarck's Animaux sans Vertebres, says it is impossible to separate the genera of the Unionidce. "Nous pourrions prendre pour exemple celui des genres qui est considere comme l'un des mieux caracterises. Le genre Symphynote (Lea) est fonde sur ce caractere remarquable que les deux valves sont soudees entre elles le long du bord superieur," etc. "Nous concluons que tout ce grand ensemble ne peut et ne doit former qu'un seul genre constituant a lui seul la famille des Nayades."' In his admirable work Traite Elmerentaire de Conchyliologie, not yet finished, he continues to consider that his twenty-fifth Family, Nayades, is filled by one genus, viz., Unio of Retzius. He makes, however, four divisions, which, he says,2 "differe a peine de celle de M. Lea." T-io. Unio fJ A. Symphynotes. \ *o Hyria B. Non-symphynotes. -Miargaritana { A. Especes symphynotes. Genre B. Especes non-symphynotes. Unio, Retzius Dipsas.... Syphynotes. lfycetopus A Esp~ces symphynotes. Anodonta Anodonta Anodonta Anodout A. Espdces symphynotes. I i dz'r B. Especes non-symphynotes. Ir'dina It might be expected that some attempt of the application of M'Leay's circular system should be made in regard to this family. Swainson says that "the progression of every natural series is in a circle."3 In my attempts to verify this, I have 1 Vol. vi. p. 526.-I shall be excused in taking this opportunity to correct an erroneous impression on the mind of M. Deshayes. He says that I was not able to examine the collection of the Museum of Paris. "Malgre cette imperfection qu'il ne pouvait empecher, le travail de M. Lea se recommende a l'attention des naturalistes par ces observations judicieuses, des descriptions exactes," etc. It would be strange, indeed, if, after spending so many years in the study of this family, that I should neglect, while in Paris, to see the collections from which Lamarck made so many descriptions. I was frequently at the Museum, and on one particular occasion, by appointment of MM. Blainville and Ferussac, arranged, in the presence of these and other gentlemen, all the species of the Unionidw that were in the Museum, and named them; and also presented to the Museum about fifteen species which were new to that great national institution. I also did the same thing for Baron Ferussac, having designated every specimen in his cabinet belonging to this family. 2 Trait6 Elnem., vol. ii. p. 213. 3 Swainson, in Lard. C(ycl. Nat. Hist., p. 247. In his Treatise on Mlalacology the same author keeps this idea in constant view, and thus invalidates his groups. Besides, he was little acquainted with foreign species. D X1i SYNOPSIS OF not been successfil. That the same idea exists in the construction of species is evident through a great number, but that this idea is returned to the point at which it commenced I am not prepared to admit. The arrangement of the system adopted in this Synopsis, whatever may be said to the contrary, is eminently natural as regards the exo-skeleton or shelly covering of the included soft parts. Although I have examined critically and published descriptions of the soft parts of 254 species of this family, and often dissected 50 to 100 of the same species, I cannot see, as yet, any useful division that could satisfy the student or the adept, which can be made by systematic difference in the organic forms of the soft parts. With a knowledge of the soft parts of about only a fourth part of the family, is it not unwise to attempt a division for the whole? And again, will it not be a very long time before it will be possible to obtain the complete animal of most of the species? Some of them perhaps never will be obtained by the American or European Malacologist. I am satisfied that eventually, when we shall become sufficiently acquainted with the soft parts of most of the Unionidce, the best division into genera will be founded on the diverse forms of the branchial uteri. I have now examined carefully 254 species, mostly with charged uteri, and I have come to the conclusion that any safe division, founded on the characters of the functional soft parts, must be based on this very important organ, which shows so distinct and varied a conformation, often involving, as it does, the form of the massive envelope. In regard to the making of species a few remarks may be made here. That there has been great abuse of it there can be no doubt. Think of the nearly 250 synonyms for the seven or eight species of the Family Unionidce living in Europe! Many very able writers have deprecated this folly and ignorance, but it still goes on. In the United States we have such an extraordinary development of this form of shell life, that many European writers find it difficult to give us credit for our real disposition-at least I speak for myself-of keeping down our species as much as possible. The nomenclature is becoming truly embarrassing, and there seems to be no avoidance of it. We have by no means exhausted the discoveries of these forms in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, which States seem to be, and particularly Georgia, the centre of this form of Malacological life.l No species has ever been described by me without the greatest care and all examination used that was possible. "When not well satisfied of distinctive characters, I have laid the specimen aside in hopes of better light, and I have by me now many of which I am uncertain as I The late Bishop Elliott, who did so much to develop the Unionidte of Georgia, observed to me in one of his letters, that almost every stream seemed to afford him new species. THE FAMILY OF UNIONID E. XV to their identity, and therefore I hesitate. Some of these I have had for more than twenty years.' It should be remembered that many of the diagnoses of my new species were made from single specimens, and these sometimes imperfect. The various aspects and the differences of the characters of the old and young as well as that of males and females, are often very imperfect, and necessarily therefore some are omitted. The important character of the undulations of the beaks is often omitted on account of the imperfection of the part. Too much stress cannot be laid on the importance of keeping down the species in all branches of Zoology. Prof. Owen has well remarked that "the coining of names for things glanced at and imperfectly understood, the falsification of signs without due comprehension of the thing signified, becomes a hindrance instead of a furtherance of true knowledge." And Prof. Carpenter, in one of his lectures in 1859, said "there are too many who are far too ready to establish new species upon variations of the most trivial character, without taking the pains of establishing the value of these differences, by ascertaining their constancy through an extensive series of individuals; thus, as was well said by the late Prince of Canino,'describing specimens instead of species,' and burdening science not only with a useless nomenclature, but with a mass of false assertions. It should be borne in mind that every one who thus makes a bad species is really doing a detriment to science, while every one who proves the identity of a species, previously accounted distinct, is contributing towards its simplification, and is therefore one of its truest benefactors." Dr. Arnott, in Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburg'h, very forcibly says that "to indicate many apparently new species, is the work of an hour; to establish one on a sure foundation, is sometimes the labor of months or years." To form a systematic, and, so far as possible, a natural arrangement of this family, has long occupied my serious attention. I was, from my first knowledge of the Family, struck with the very different aspect of the winged species, and, taking the hint of Lamarck,2 I thought that an important division could be made by separating the connate from the free shells, and proposed the name of Symnphynota for such as were connate. I was not satisfied at that time in separating a genus of this family by a character differing from that of the teeth, but presumed that the family would be taken up by some one, if not by myself, and that the first division of it would be symphynote and non-symphynote The observation of a late French writer that not more than three in one hundred of my species will stand, is too flippant to need much notice. Time will prove that very few will be eliminated. 2 Vol. vi. p. 76. Xvi SYNOPSIS OF Uiionidce. The numerous new species which have been made known since, have satisfied me that this character cannot be so extensively and usefully applied as I then thought it could, and that it is not, in fact, free from the same objection which pervades so many generic characters as adopted by the most intelligent naturalists, viz., that perfect fading and mingling of character which interferes with all the systems yet formed. Sowerby, after examining into the propriety of dividing the Family into genera, came to the conclusion of keeping but one genus, viz., U-no: this he divided into A without teeth, B with teeth. These he subdivided into winged and not winged. Another subdivision followed these, on the presence, form, and absence of teeth. There is evidently much merit in this division, but it is not perfect; nor ought we to expect perfection, I believe, in any system. Ferussac informed me, when in Paris, that he proposed to consider the Family _.ayades to consist of one genus, lclirggaritfera, which genus he divides into the following subgenera: 1. Anodonta; 2. rlidina; 3. Dipsas; 4. Triquetra; 5. Alasmodonta; 6. Unio. Swainson, in his 3Malacology, divides the Nlayades of Lamarck into several subFamilies and a great number of genera, which do not seem to me to possess characteristics sufficiently different to be adopted. They are as follows:Unio. Lam., represented by Unio sulcatus. Lea. ounicula. Swain., " Unio rubiginosus. Lea. Ligumia. Swain., "" " Uio rectus. Lam. Theliderma. Swain., " " Unio lacrymosus. Lea. Ilfegadomus. Swai M. gigas. Swain. Eglia. Swain., Unio ovatus. Say. Naida. Swain., " " Unio ater. Lea. Canthyria. Swain., " " Unio spinosus. Lea. Vlysca. Turton, " " Unio pictorum. Lam. Potomida. Swain., U" " nio sinuatus. Lam. Lymnadea. Swain., " " Unio alatus. Say. Iridea. Swain., " " Unio granosus. Lam. Castalia. Lain., " " Castalia ambigua. Lam. Naia. Swain., " " Unio corrugatus. Lain. Hyria. Lam., " " Hyria syrmatophora. Lam. Hyridella. Swain, " " Unio australis. Lam. Iridina. Lam., " " Iridina exotica. Lam. Callisccapha. Swain., " " Iridina Nilotica. Sow. iycetopus. D'Orb., " " Aycet. soleniformis. D'Orb. 1 Klein. This, it would appear, Baron Ferussac intended should embrace my genus Symnphynota, as he included all he knew of them except S. bialata. THE FAMILY OF UNIONID E. xvii Lamproscapha. Swain., represented by Anocontasiliquosa. Spix. Synmphynota. Lea, " " Unio levissimus. Lea. Anodonta. Lam., " " An. cygnea. Lam. Hemiodon. Swain, " " An. areolatus. (edentula. Say.) Swain. Patularia. Swain., " " An. rotundus. Spix. Calceola. Swain., " " Unio calceolus. Lea. Alasmodonta. Say, " " Alas. undulata. Say. Uniopsis. Swain., " " U. mytiloides. Raf.? Margaritana. Schum., " " I. margaritifera. Lin. Com2planaria. Swain., " Alas. rugosa. Barnes. IRetzius, Nova Testaceorum Generic,1 1788, established the genus Unio, of which he makes two divisions, viz.:@ Without lamellar teeth1. Unio 9margaritiferus. Represented by Mya margaritifera. Lin. ~ With lamellar teeth2. Unio crassus. " " Unio crassissirus. Fer. 3. Unio tumicus. " " Unio ovalis, of British Zoologists. 4. Unio pictorum. " " Uio pictorum. Lin. 5. Unio ovalis. " " Unio tumidus. Retz. 8. Unio corrugatus." " Unio corrugatus. Lain. Mr. Gray, in his excellent List of Generc (Zool. Soc. Proceedings, 1847), divides Lamarck's NIayades into three Families, viz.:Family 9th. UNNINIDE. 10th. MUTELADVE. 11th. MYCETOPODIDE. The Unionide consists of nine genera, viz.: Anodonta, Cuv.; lliargaritana, Sehum.; Monocondyloea, D'Orb.; Unio, Retzius; Barbalt, Humph.; Lanmproscapha, Swain.; Anodonta, Lam.; Byssanodonta, D'Orb; Glabaris. Family 10th. MUTELADJE consists of five genera, viz.: llutela, Scopoli; Leila, Gray; Pleiodon,2 Con.; Paxyoon, Schum.; Prisocdon, Schum. Family 11th. MYCETOPODIDE consists of one genus, viz.:'fycetopus, D'Orb. M. D'Orbigny, in his Voyage Am. Merid., vol. v. p. 594 (1835 to 1843), divides 1 I have never been able to examine this rare work until recently, it being now in the Library of the Academy of Natural Sciences. The establishment of the genus Unio has been usually given, by French authors, to Bruguiere, but the English and German writers give it to Retzius so universally, that I have followed them. The author of this dissertation would appear from the title-page to be L. M. Philipsson; Retzius being the presiding officer of the institution. But it is understood to be a fact that papers written by officers of the Universities in Germany have been sometimes published under the names of students as Theses, and it is said that this is one of such cases. 2 I clo not see any reason for throwing out Iridina and taking in its place the name of Pleiodon, which was unnecessarily given to a shell well known and figured long before, and described both generically and specifically, viz., the Iridina ovata, Swain. E xviii SYNOPSIS OF the family into genera according to the form of the mantle, the form of the foot, and according to the character of the shell.' "Qui se divisent zoologiquement en plusieurs genres d'aprds la forme du manteau, la forme diu pied, et d'apres les caractares seuls de la coquille. On pourrait les diviser ainsi qu'il suit." 1. Manteau fermn6 jusqu'au tiers inferieur de la coquille, pourvue des deux tubes distincts, &c. = Iridina, Lam. 2. Manteau ferm6 seulment sur la region anale, on il y a deux tubes distincts, &c. = Castalia, Lam. 3. Manteau ouvert sur toute sa longeur, une ouverture anale seule distincte, &c. == Mycetopvs, D'Orb. 4. Manteau ouvert sur toute sa longeur une ouverture anale seule distincte. A. Coquille pourvue des dents variables a la charniere = Unio, Retz. B. Coquille pourvue d'une seule dent = Monocondylcea, D'Orb. C. Coquille sans dents a la charniere = Anodonta, Lam. Prof. Troschel, in TWiegmann's Archives, vol. xiii. 1847, divides the family, by their anatomical structure, into nine genera, viz.:UNIO (Retzias). The mouth lips are wider than long, united as far as the middle on the posterior margin. The margin of the mantle entirely open; the outer branchia united to the mantle to its very extremity; the inner branchia not united to the foot; the foot is tongue-shaped, thick, somewhat produced anteriorly. (Unio tumidus, Retz., and Unio Hopetonensis, Lea.) MARGARITANA (Schumacher). (Alasmodonta, Say.) The mouth lips are wider than long, united along two-thirds of the posterior margin. The mantle entirely open; the outer branchia is free posteriorly, and lies in a fold of the mantle; the interior branchia is united to the foot anteriorly, but along the greater part of the foot it is free; the foot is tongue-shaped, somewhat produced anteriorly. (Aya margaritifera, Lin.,) Tab. 6, Fig. 1. HYRIA (Lam.) The mouth lips as wide as long, not united. The mantle margin inferiorly is open, posteriorly closed, so as to make a branchial and anal aperture. The outer branchia united to the mantle to its extremity; the interior branchia is united to the foot; the foot tongue-shaped, thick, somewhat produced anteriorly. (H. syrmatophora, Lam.,) Tab. 6, Fig. 3. CASTALIA (Lam.). The mouth lips a little wider than long. The margin of the mantle inferiorly is open, posteriorly so united that the branchial and anal apertures are closed; the branchial aperture is surrounded with cirri; the anal aperture smooth; the outer branchia united to the mantle all the way to its extremity; the inner branchia (?); the foot tongue-shaped, thick, somewhat produced anteriorly. D'Orbigny, Voy., &c. (Castalia ambigua, Lam.) DIPSAS (Leach). Animal unknown. Shell closed entirely (Dipsasp icatus, Leach). ANODONTA (Lam.). The mouth lips are broader than long, united to the middle of the posterior margin; the mantle margin is entirely open; the outer branchia united to the mantle to its M1. D'Orbigny, in his Voy. dans l'Am. Mer., v. 5, pt. 3, p. 502, says that the eleven genera made by Agassiz out of the lMyis may all be placed in existing genera. THE FAMILY OF UNIONIDAE. Xix extremity; the inner branchia not united to the foot; the foot is thick, tongue-shaped, somewhat produced anteriorly. (An. cygnea, Lam.) IRIDINA (Lam.). Mouth lips longer than wide, not united; mantle margin united as far as the foot, so that the branchial and anal apertures are closed; the outer branchia united to the mantle as far as its extremity; the inner branchia entirely united to the foot; foot thick, tongue-shaped, somewhat produced anteriorly. (I. cwlestis, Lea.) SPATHA (Lea). The mouth lips are longer than wide, and not united. The mantle margin is closed behind, so that the branchial and anal apertures are closed; on the under margin the mantle is entirely open; the outer branchia is united to the mantle all the way to its extremity; the inner is not united to the foot; the foot is thick, tongue-shaped, somewhat produced anteriorly. (S. rubens, Lea,) Tab. 6, Fig. 2. MYCETOPUS (D'Orbigny). The mouth lips longer than wide; the mantle margin is open to the anal aperture, which is closed; the outer branchia is entirely united, or grown together; the inner - (?); the foot is very much produced and widened into a knob. (M. soleniformis, D'Orb.) In The Shells of New England, by W. Stimpson, Boston (1851), he states that, in the MSS. of Prof. Agassiz, the following divisions into genera are made (of the New England species) on anatomical differences, viz.:UNIO, Retzius, emend. Gills free from the abdominal sac, their posterior extremity attached to the mantle; eggs, in the female, filling the whole extent of the outer gill; mantle fringed at both siphonal openings. (Unio complanatus, Lea.) lEURYNEA, Rafinesque, emend. Gills attached to the abdominal sac, leaving no communication between the pedal and the upper gill cavities; eggs received in the sacs of the posterior part of the outer gill; mantle fringed at the posterior half of its ventral edge, and at the branchial and anal siphons. (Unio prwlonyus, Bar.) LAMPSILIS, Raf., emend. Gills attached; eggs in the posterior part of the outer gill; mantle fringed at both siphonal openings, and having fleshy thickenings and processes at its posterior ventral edge. (Unio radiatus, Lam.) METAPTERA, Raf., emend. Gills attached; eggs in posterior part of gill; a broad expansion of mantle upwards; superanal opening long; both siphonal openings fringed. ( Unio alatus, Say.) COMPLANARIA, Swain, emend. Gills free, united to the mantle to its margin; outer gill filling entirely with eggs; superanal opening long; both siphonal openings fringed; palpi united along their posterior edge for two-thirds of their length. (Alasmodonta rugosa, Bar.) MARGARITANA, Schum. Gills free from abdominal sac, their posterior extremity not united to the mantle; anal opening or region of mantle not fringed; branchial fringed. (Alasmodonta arcuata, Bar.) ALASMODONTA, Say, emend. Gills attached to abdominal sac, attached also to the mantle to their extremity; branchial siphon fringed; anal large, not fringed; eggs (?). (Alasmodonta mnarginatc, Say.) XX SYNOPSIS OF STROPHITUS, Raf., emend. Gills attached; eggs received in the whole extent of the outer gill; anal opening not fringed. (Anodonta undulata, Say.) ANODONTA, Brug. Gills free; eggs throughout the gill; anal opening not fringed. (Anoclonta Benedictensis, Lea.) Soon after the appearance of Dr. Stimpson's publication from Prof. Agassiz's MSS. I tabulated his divisions and those of Prof. Troschel for my own use. To these I occasionally added notes, and I produce the tables here for reference. TROSCHEL'S DIVISIONS OF THE FAMILY UNIONID2E. DIAGNOSIS OF THE FAMILY OF UNIONIDE.-Shell with epidermis; without emargination in the mantle; two muscles, the anterior of which makes commonly three impressions in the shell; one exterior ligament; mantle without branchial and anal tubes, and without retractile muscles; two external and two internal mouth lips which are large and rounded, and internally perpendicularly striate; two branchiae on each side, united to each other behind the foot for the whole length; branchial filaments not separate. All live in fresh water. Mouth Lips. JIantle. Branchice. Foot. 2Unio. Retz. Wider than long, Margin entirely open. Outer united to mantle to ex- Tongue-shaped, thick; protumidus. united to mid. post. tremity. Inner not united to duced anteriorly. margin. foot. Margaritana. Sch. Wider than long, Entirely open. Outer is free posteriorly. In- Tongue-shaped, thick; somemargaritifera. united to % post mar- ner united to foot anteriorly, what produced anteriorly. gin. but free the greater part. Hyria. Lam. Wide as long, not Margin inf. open. Post. closed Outer united to the mantle to Tongue-shaped, thick; somesyrmatophora. united. to make branchial and anal extremity. Inner united to what produced anteriorly. aperture. the foot. Castalia. Lam. Little wider than long. Margin inf. open. Post. closed Outer united to mantle to ex- Tongue-shaped, thick; someto make brauchial and anal tremity. Inrer -? what produced anteriorly. apertures. Dipsas. Leech. Animal unknown. 2Anodonta. Lam. Wider than long, Margin entirely open. Outer united to mantle to ex- Tongue-shaped, thick; somecellensis. united to middle of tremity. Inner not united to what produced anteriorly. posterior margin. foot. Iridina. Lam. Longer than wide, Margin united as far as the Outer united to mantle to ex- Tongue-shaped, thick; someccelectis. not united. foot, so that branchial and tremity. Inner entirely unit- what produced anteriorly. anal apertures are closed. ed to foot. Spatha. Lea. Longer than wide, Margin closed behind, so that Outer united to mantle to ex- Tongue-shaped, thick; somerubens. not united. the bran. and anal apertures tremity. Inner not united to what produced anteriorly. are closed; entirely open on foot. the under margin. Mycetopus. D'Orb. Longer than wide. Margin open to anal aperture, Outer entirely united. The Produced and widened into a which is closed. inner? knob.' Wiegman's Archives, 1817, v. 13. 2 The genera Unio and Anodonta are described exactly the same!! THE FAMILY OF UNIONID:E. xxi AGASSIZ'S DIVISION OF UNIONIDM.' Palp2i. Mantle. Gills. Foot. 2Unio. Retz. Emended. Fringed at both siphonal open- SFree from abdominal sack, U. complanatus. Lea. ings. post. extremity attached to mantle. Eggs filling extent of outer gill. Eurynea.4 Raf. Emen- Fringed at posterior half of Attached to abdom'l sack. No ded. ventral edge, and at branch. opening between pedal and U. proelongus. Bar. and anal siphons. upper gill cavities. Eggs in nasutus. Say. posterior part of outer gill. Lampsilis.s Raf. Fringed at both siphonal open- Attached. Eggs in posterior Emended. ilgs, having fleshy thicken- part of outer gill. U. radiatus. Lam. ings and processes at post. ventral edge. Metaptera.e Raf. Broad expansion upwards. Su- Attached. Eggs in posterior Emended. peranal opening long. Both part of gill. U. alatus. Say.' openings fringed. Complanaria. Swain. United along the pos- Superanal opening long. Both Free. United to the mantle to Emended. terior edge y of siphonal openings fringed. its margin. Outer gill filled Alas. rugosa. Bar.' the length. entirely with eggs. Margaritana. Schsum. Anal opening of mantle not Free from abdominal sack. Alas. arcuata. Bar. fringed; branchial is fringed. Post. extrem. not united to mantle. A!asmodonta. Say. Branchial opening fringed. Attached to abdominal sack; Emended. Anal opening large, not attached also to mantle to the Alas. marginata. fringed. extremity. Say. Strophitus. Raf. Anal opening not fringed. Attached. Eggs received in the Emended. whole extent of outer gill. An undulata. Say. Lo Anodonta 11 Brug. Anal opening not frirged. Free. Eggs throughout the gill. An. Benedictensis. Lea. 1 Shells of New England, 1851, by Wm. Stimpson. 2 U. infucatus, Con. seems in the alcoholic specimen not to have the anal opening fringed. Also, Unio metanever, Raf. and lacrymosus, Lea. 3 U. multiplicatus. Out of five large ones, three were attached the whole length, and two open for a short distance. U. Berlandierii had four out of five attached; the fifth slightly open. lRafinesque gives no anatomy. This is his generic description of the genus: "Valves very transverse or very large. Axis almost lateral." 5 laf. says: "Mollusc like that of Unio, but has apparent short syphons." 6 Ralf. says: "MNollusc like that of Unio." T'here is no essential difference in the diagnoses of these three genera. s Alas. rugosa, Bar. has not the anal opening fringed. 9 Alas. marginata. Six specimens from Mohawk River were all more or less open; some a mere point at posterior end of the foot! See U. NoviEboraci; Obs. x. 55. Some attached, some not.'o Prof. A. says: "Anal opening not fringed, but it is very minutely fringed." " An. Ferussaciana, Lea, has papillae on the anal opening. Unio levissimus, Lea, has no papillae on the anal opening. Unio pustulosus, Lea, has no papillae or crenulations on the anal opening. Unio Blandianus, Lea, has no papillae on the anal opening. Unio Kleinianus, Lea, has no papillae, but has slight crenulations. Unio Houstonensis, Lea, has no papillae. Unio Forsheyi, Lea, has no papillae. Unio verrucosus, Bar. has no papillae. Unio Tappanianus, Lea, has no papillae, but has slight crenulations. The very uncertain characters by which Prof. Agassiz proposed to divide this Family induced me to make notes of many species in which the anatomy did not seem to me to accord with his views. His principal character is the opening or closing of the pedal and upper gill cavities. "Gills free from abdominal sac," and "Gills attached to abdominal sac."l Another important character is the possession 1 Shells of New England, by W. Stimpson, p. 13. F XXil SYNOPSIS OF or absence of "fringes on the siphonal openings." I have frequently observed, in different individuals of the same species, that this condition-freedom and attachmentwas found. It does not, therefore, seem to be worthy of a specific difference, much less a generic one. Thus in five large perfect specimens of U. multiplicatus1 (nobis), I found three to be united the whole length of the branchia, while two were opened for a short distance.2 In U. 2Novi-Eborcci some were attached and some fiee. U. Berlandierii has branchiae fiee and not free. Alasnodonta marginata, as emended by Priof. A.: "Gills attached to abdominal sac." Six specimens from Mohawk River, N. Y. I found to be all more or less open. As regards the generic character of Unio emended, the "mantle fringed at both siphonal openings." I found the following Uniones without fringe (papillae) on the anal opening, viz.: triangularis, cylindricus, pressus, ligamentinus, loevissimus, verrucosus, metanevra, lacrymosus, dehiscens, and some others. The following have slight crenulations on the anal opening, viz.: multiradictus, rectius, retusus, irroratus, ovatus, purjpuratus, asper, declivis. The generic character of Anodonta, "anal opening not fringed." The An. Ferussaciana has papilla on the anal opening.3 A. Oregonensis and A. fragilis have crenulations on the anal opening. Complanaric, Swain, emended: Alasmodonta rugosa, Bar. Prof. A. says: "both siphonal openings fringed." Specimens from Mohawk, N. Y., had not the anal opening fiinged. Subsequently to the publication by Dr. Stimpson of the MS. diagnoses of Prof. Agassiz, he in Archivfiir lNaturgeschichte, in 1852, divides the "Ncajades" into two large groups:First Group has exterior gills joined the whole length of the foot, having no direct communication between the lower free cavity and the upper portion, as in U. Sowerbyanus, triangularis, &c. Second Group. Those which have afree communication between the cavity of the gills and the lower cavity of the belly, as in "Unio irroratus, U. lineolatus, Raf." The genera of the First Division are:1. Dysnomia. Ag.... foliatus. Hild. and perplexus. Lea. 2. Scalenaria. Raf. (Ag.) sulcatus. Lea. 3. Truncilla. Raf. (Ag.) triangularis. Bar. and arcaforniis. Lea. 4. Lampsilis. Raf... radiatus. 5. Canthyria. Swain... spinosus. Lea.' Two very remarkable characters of some species of Unio seem not to have been noticed by Prof. Agassiz: rubiyinosus, Kleinianus, multiplicatus, and subrotzundus have all the bour leaves of the branchiae pervaded by the uterus, and the first and last have red ova. 2 See note in Obs. vii. 40. s Obs. x. 87. THE FAMILY OF UTIONID E. xxiii 6. Eurynia. Raf... rectus. Lam. 7. Metaptera. Raf... alatus, gracilis, &c. 8. Alasmodonta. Say.. Alas. marginata. Say. Marg. Raveneliana. L-a. 9. Obovaria. Raf... retusus. Lam. 10. Micromya. Ag... fabalis. Lea. 11. Crypogenia. Ag... irroratus. Lea. dromas. Lea. 12. Plagiola. Raf.... U. securis. Lea. 13. Orthonymus. Ag.. cylindricus. Say. 14. Tritogonio. Ag... tuberculatus. Bar. 15. Quadrula. Raf... metanever. Raf. 16. Rotundaria. Raf... verrucosus. Bar. 17. Complanaria. Swain.. Al. complanata, &c. 18. Pleurobema. Raf... U. clava. Lam. 19. Uniopsis. Swain... Al. edentula. Say. 20. Margaritana. Schum.. Al. arcuata. Bar.' 21. Hemilastena. Raf... U. dehiscens. Say. oriens. Lea. 22. Unio. Retzius.. U. nasutus, &c. In these generic divisions, by D'Orbiguy, Troschel, and Agassiz-all founded on anatomical structure-it will be observed that they do not differ essentially in their modes of division; and I do not hesitate to express the opinion that our knowledge of the structural differences of the soft parts of these animals is not yet sufficiently advanced to found a perfect or permanent system. That such a one would be instituted I have not doubted, and I so expressed myself in 1838, in a note on Anodonta Blainvilliana (nobis), in my Synopsis, 2d ed. p. 31,2 and I trust that the surviving able physiologists whom I have cited above, will continue to give their labors to an investigation which cannot but produce rich results; but I am disposed to think that, until malacologists have examined carefully the soft parts of most of 1 Prof. Agassiz says that Al. arcuata, Bar. and Marg. margaritifera, Shunm. differ, in which I do not agree with him. 2 Aware of the great importance of a knowledge of the soft parts of the species of this family, some of which present very different and well-marked characteristics, I have since the publication of the 2cl and 3dc editions given much time and laborious attention to their careful dissection and diagnoses, sometimes examining more than a hundred individuals of a species. These descriptions of the soft parts have been published in various papers in the Trans. Am. Ph. Soc. and Jl. Acad. Na. Sci., and in my Observations on the Stubgenus Unio, vols. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. These descriptions consist of the Subgenus Unio, 211; liargaritana, 14; Anodonta, 26; Monocondylcea, 2; Mycetopus, 1-in all, the soft parts of 254 species. Many embryonic forms, which have also had my particular attention, and which present such diverse and peculiar forms, have been described and figured by me in the Ji. Acad. Na. Sci., vols. iv. and vi., and Obso v. 6 and 12, so far as I have been able to obtain them. Very recently I have received from Dr. F. A. Forel, of Merges, Switzerland, his very able Memoir* on the development of the Unionidse. The anatomy of the embryos, with the illustrations, is worthy of great praise, and cannot fail to be appreciated as an important advance in this direction. * Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschiichte der Najaden. Wurzburg, 1867. XXiv SYNOPSIS OF the existing numerous species-the exo-skeletonsl (so to call them) of which have only come under our notice-the facilities which a good system ought to afford cannot be reaped by a partial anatomical knowledge, which does not now embrace, probably, one-fifth of the ascertained species of the family. Besides this, I am not at all disposed to think that we can entirely dispense with the aid we find in the various characters of the exo-skeletons, in making our sub-groups. They often, in fact, afford striking and obvious differences, which the eye schooled with but little experience can with facility and certainty detect, and which, if happily grouped by an experienced eye, may greatly aid the student. These considerations have induced me still to retain nearly the same divisions in this which I used in the third edition, with a few additional divisions. Messrs. H. and A. Adams, in The Genera of Recent Molluscs, vol. ii. 1858, adopt the following Subgenera of Unio:Banosta. Raf. Naidea. Swain. Obovaria. Raf. Niaa. Swain. Hyridella. Swain. Lampsilis. Raf. Canthvria. Swain. Iridea. Swain. Rotundaria. Raf. Quadrula. Raf. Diplodon. Spix. Dysnomia. Agass. Metaptera. Raf. In vol. iii. of the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., p. 398, Mr. Nicklin expressed the opinion "that the seven genera, now referred to the Family of Unionidce, are founded in artificial distinctions, and not in nature; and that, in fact, the family contains but one genus."2 In consequence of the enormous extent to which the Family Unionidce is expanded, it is absolutely necessary to establish many groups and sub-groups, so as to make a systematic arrangement accessible to the student of this branch of zoology. I therefore divide the family into two genera, MllargaronS and Platiris. The first is divided into ten subgenera, and the latter into three subgenera. These are again divided 1 Forming the calcareous coverings and fulcra for muscular fibres, as well as protection from exterior forces. 2 The entire uncertainty of the divisions of Mr. Rafinesque, or their multiplied, useless, and incomprehensible groups, are not deemed important to insert here. Nor the synoptical tables of Mr. Conrad, whichll differ so much firom each other, the last being founded very much on that of RafiIlesque. 3 In the second edition, I proposed the namne of Margarita, but, this name being pre-occupied by Dr. Leach for a genus separated from Turbo, I substituted in the third edition that of Margaron (uapyapov, Unio). THE FAMILY OF UNIONID E. XXV into symphynote and non-symphynote, which groups are again divided into plicate, nodulous, spinous, sulcate and smooth shells. Each of these is subdivided into nine groups dependent on the outline of the plane of the valve, viz., into quadrate, triangular, oblique, oval, oblong, subrotund, wide, obovate, and arcuate, as in the following table: —' In regard to priority of claims of elate, I have never considered that the old rule of dating the discovery of a species at the time it was read before a scientific society, should have been altered as it has been by many bodies of science. My experience has satisfied me that justice to the discoverer could best be rendered by retaining the old rule. In all cases I adhere to this, and date my papers in accordance, and accord the same to others. It is the custom with the two leading societies of Europe, the French Academy and the Royal Society, as well as the American Philosophical Society in this country, the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and others. The Report of the Committee of the British Association, Aug 1856, recommends a Catalogue of European and American Philosophical Memoirs to be made, and, where published in Transactions, the date of reading to be stated. Under the cover of the rule of printed issue, Mr. Conrad* and Mr. W. G. Binney have misstated dates of many of my species, which dates are erroneous even under the rule of printed issue. Thus Mr. Binney, in the publications of the Smithsonian Collections," Bibliography of North American Conchology, Part I. 1863, gives the dates which he finds in the imprint of a volume, although l-e knew that parts of the volume were issued printed, perhaps years before. I therefore protest against the manifest errors which arise from such proceeding. This is in accordance with the fact that while he published in this volume the erroneous dates of Mr. Conrad's Synopsis regarding my species of Unionide, he omitted my tables of rectification of these dates, which of course rendered the Bibliography incomplete and was an act of injustice to the science of the country. CWhen the omission was pointed out by me to Prof. Henry, Sec. of the Smithsonian Institution, lie kindly promised it should be remedied in an appendix. In the following year, when Part II. came out, in Appendix to Part II. Mr. Binney inserted a simple list of little more than a page of my species without a single date! This list was a mere mockery, and the observation that "Mr. Lea having requested that the whole of his'Rectification' should be published, I add a list of the species to which he refers in that paper, in addition to those quoted by me on p. 384, Part I." is not the fact.t I never requested Prof. Henry to have the whole of my "Rectification" published in this Bibliography; I wished only the tables of species with dates of the time read and the time issued printed, and I sent a copy marked as requested by Prof. Henry, to be so inserted. Mr. Binney had given Mr. Conrad over eight pages, double column, for his Synopsis, and to my "Rectificati on" four lines!! Addressing Prof. Henry on this second wrong, he requested another marked copy with the tables I wished to be inserted, and in Appendix iv. 1866, under his own name, I obtained this very slow partial justice. * Mr. Conrad in his "Catalogue of the Eocene and Oligocene Testacea of the United States," in An. Jl. of Sci., vol. i., makes some of my species synonyms to his, by dating mine in " 1834," while my "' Contributions to Geology" was on sale about the first of Dec. 1833, and has the imprint of 1833! It had an extended notice in the Jan. No. following of Silliman's Journal. t "I send you at once the part of my'Rectification' which should have been inserted to neutralize the poison of the' Synopsis' of Mr. Conrad." —Extract of Letter of I. Lea to Prof. Henry, Nov. 20, 1863. And in my letter of Feb. 8, 1866, to Prof. Baird, who was attending to the "Smithsonian Collections," I said, "You must be aware that I never requested to have my'Rectification reprinted.' It was only these important tables of facts and not the argument," &c. Mr. Tryon, in his excellent " American Jo unal of Conchology," vol. i. p. 270, commenting on these errors of dates says, " Mr. Lea, however, immediately proved the time of publication (printed) of some of these parts of the volumes of Transactions, and, consequently, the prior date of certain of his species by evidence which has never been questioned. Yet Mr. Binney has not deemed it advisable even to mention the dates stated by Mr. Lea, exceptin regard to four species only, and thus those who in future times depend, as they certainly will, on the Bibliography, for the synonymy of these species, will be misled into the perpetration of a wrong." G XXVi SYNOPSIS OF 1. Subgenus Triquetra, Having a cardinal and lateral tooth, and Symphynote-Hyria corrugata. Lam. furnished with two siphons. 2. Subgenus Prisodon,2 Having a cardinal and lateral tooth trans- o mte s a amiga versely striate, and furnished with two Lanm. siphons. 3. Subgenus Unio, F Symphynote-Unio alatus. Say. Having a cardinal and lateral tooth. { Non-Symphynote-U. pictorum. Laim. 4. Subgenus Margaritana, Symphynote-Alas. complanata. Barn. IF | Having one tooth (cardinal). 1 Non-Symphynote-Al. undulata. Say. o | 5. Subgenus Plagiodon, f Non-Symphynote-Plag. isocardiHaving a double transverse cardinal tooth oides. Lea.; 6. Subgenus Monocondyloea, Non-Symphynote-Mono. Paraguayt Having a simple callus. ana. D'Orb. 7. Subgenus Dipsas, Having a linear tooth under the dorsal Symphynote-Dipsas plicatus. Leach. margin. 8. Subgenus Anodonta, f Symphynote-An. magnifica. Lea. Having no teeth. Non Symphynote-An.fluviatilis. Dill. 9. Subgenus Columba, 9 Sugenus oluba, on-Symphynote-Columba BlainvilWithout teeth, but having an inflected liana Le palleal cicatrix. 10. Subgenus Byssanodonta,' r j Non-Symphynote -Byssanodonta PaHaving no teeth, but is always attached 1 ralnensis. D'Orb. by a byssus. F 1 Since the publication of the second edition of this Synopsis, the soft parts of Triqcuet-ra (Hyria, Lam.) have been obtained, and Mr. Gray, in the An. and Iag. Nat. Hist., vol. vi., gives us the anatomy. "The mantle lobes of the species of this genus brought from British Guiana by Mr. Schomburgh are united together behind, and furnished with two short, separate, contractile siphons, like the animals of Iridina and Leila, though the submarginal impression of the shell does not show indications of any inflections behind."' 2 M. D'Orbigny, in his Voy. Am. Mer. vol. v. p. 597, gives a cdescription of the soft parts of Prisodon (Castalia, Lam.). Mantle open the whole length, except at the anal region, where it is closed, and presents two short distinct tubes, of which one-branchial- is larger and furnished with cilice round its edge. Buccal appendages rounded, very large. Foot much compressed, thicker and bent behind. " This very remarkable fresh-water bivalve, Byssanodonta Paranensis, by D'Orbigny (TVoy. dans THE FAMILY OF UNIONID E. XXVIl 1. Subgenus Iridina,. ISaving a granulate dorsal margin, and Non-Symphynote-I. exotica. Lam. 2. Subgenus Spatha, Having a dorsal margin non-crenulate, Non-Symphynote-I. rubens. Desh. 5> zand furnished with two siphons. I 3. Subgenus Mycetopus, Noln-Symphynote-Myc. soleniformis. Having a straight, smooth, dorsal margin, 1 1)D Ol and furnished with a long extensile foot. After the divisions of Symphynote and Non-Symphynote shells, we have the four conditions in which the outward surface of the shell is found, viz.: 1. Plicate.2 4. Sulcate.5 2. Nodulous.3 5. Smooth.6 3. Spinous.' Each of these subdivisions group according to the form of their outline, thus:1. Quadrate.7 6. Subrotund.12 2. Triangular.8 7. Wide.l 3. Oblique.9 8. Obovate.l 4. Oval."~ 9. Arcuate.l5 5. Oblong." l'Amer. Merid.), was observed by him in the Rio Parana above Corrientes. It resembles an Anodonta, but remains always attached by a byssus proceeding from the foot. It has anterior and posterior adductor muscles. The interior is not nacree. The inner posterior portion is violet-brown; the anterior is white. It is attached to rocks below low-water mark. It has not been as well observed in regard to its habits and anatomy as it deserves to be. M. D'Orbigny places it among the Unionidw, in which family it no doubt will be found properly to belong by its anatomical structure. Unfortunately the soft parts were destroyed before an examination was made. The genera Etheria, Mulleria (Acostea, D'Orb.), Galatea, Cyclas, and Dreissena, also inhabit fresh water, and have their affinities. 1 Agassiz, in Nomenclator Zoologicus, changes this name to Platyiris as being more correct, but Herrmannsen, in Genertum lMallacozorum, says Platiris is correct. 2 Unio plicatus. Lesueur. D Unio Kraussii. Lea. Unio pustulosus. Lea. 6 Unio complanatus. Solan. 4 Unio spinosus. Lea. No regard, of course, is paid in this (livision to the folds or undulations of the beaks, as all the species are more or less disposed to this character, which is very valuable in discriminating the species. 7 Unio asperrimus. Lea. 12 Unio circulus. Lea. 8 Unio triangularis. Barnes. 13 Unio rectus. Lamn. 9 Unio clavus. Lamn.'I Unio modioliformis. Lea. 10 Unio ligamentinus. Lam. 15 Unio crassus. Retzius. Unnio complanatus. Solan. XXViii SYNOPSIS OF In regarding these outlines, the shell is supposed to be lying on its side with the ligament furthest removed from the observer, and the beak to the right of it. The base will, of course, be nearest to him, and the anterior margin will be to his right, while the posterior margin will be to his left. This is my mode of arranging my whole cabinet, which contains over 9500 specimens of this family, each differing in sex, age, some characteristic, or in geographical distribution. In attempting to make a complete synopsis of the Unionidce, much labor has necessarily been expended. I do not present this as a perfect work, but it has been made as nearly so as the opportunities in my possession permitted. Erlors may have arisen from two sources: first, default of judgment; second, from accident, owing to the mass of research necessary to accomplish the object, considering the crude state the subject has been in. I shall be most agreeably disappointed if there be not parts pointed out as erroneous which are substantially correct. It will be observed that the works of M. Rafinesque are but little quoted. This has arisen fiom the utter impossibility of satisfying myself as to his species, causing me at an early period to abandon the task of making out his very imperfect descriptions. His own discrepancy in the names sent to Ferussac,l and those which are attached to specimens here, together with the want of accordance in the tables made out by his friends, have induced me to regard his claims as being too slender to rely upon the decisions, so contradictory, of the several parties, in the absence of the individual specimens noted. In the absence of these specimens, which no naturalist has, I believe, ever seen but the Professor, I feel myself compelled to prefer other authorities, which are now almost universally received by our malacologists. I am the more fortified in this conclusion, when I see that Mr. Conrad, his most ardent advocate, acknowledges that he (Rafinesque) has made six species from a single one;2 and the absurdity is still stronger when we turn to M. Rafinesque's monograph, and find that this single species has furnished several genera, and is placed, in fact, in two different sub-families!!! How far M. Rafinesque ought to be considered worthy of authority at home and abroad may be understood by the opinions of the following distinguished writers. The late Dr. Binney, in his admirable work on "Terrestrial Mollusques of the United States," says the papers of Rafinesque " are not deemed worthy of any con-' Les erreurs involontaires qui echappent a M. Rafinesque dans ses envois augmentent aussi la difficulte de reconnaitre ses especes. Nous avons regu de lui les mmems coquilles sous differents noms, et d'autres avec des noms evidemment autr'es que ceux qu'elles portent dans sa Monographie. I1 en est resuite unne difflculte inextricable pour la de'termination de ses especes, et pour pouvoir etablir une synonymnie exacte entre lui et les autres qui, depuis, se sont occupes des Mulettes."-Magasin de Zoologie, 1835, Class v., Nos. 59 et 60, p. 13. 2 U. triangularis. Conrad's Synoptical Table of New Fresh Wrater Shells of the United States, p. 72. THE FAMILY OF UNIONID.E. XxiX sideration:" vol. i. p. 36: "that they are considered to be destitute of authority, and entirely unworthy of notice." p. 48. Prof. Asa Gray considered Mr. R. as entirely unworthy of authority, stating that "half his genera and species do not exist at present," and that he described in " Natural History style twelve new species of thunder and lightning.~"-Amn. J1. Sci., 1841. / Deshayes, Traitee lementaire, vol. ii. p. 198, says that Mr. R. has fallen into a deplorable excess, inspiring no confidence, giving descriptions of that which he did not know. The following note is from one of the very best of authorities among recent writers:" It is much to be regretted that some modern naturalists have tried to find out and bring into use the obscure genera of Risso and the worthless fabrications of Montfort and Rafinesque, which had better have remained unknown."- Woodward's Rudimentary Treatise, p. 136. Did any naturalist ever believe in Mr. R.'s Tr4emesia patteloides, a trivalve shell of the Ohio river? (Monographie, p. 54, pl. 82, f. 22 and 24, in An. Ge'n. des Sci. Phys. a Bruxelles, 1820) the three valves of which, with the soft parts, he describes and figures in three views without pretending to have seen it, as he stated in the Am. Monthlly Mag.; and that he described it from the information of Mr. Audubon, who, it is believed, practised some joke upon him at Louisville, as appears in Mr. Audubon's Memoirs. In regard to the Catalogue published last year by Baron Ferussac, in which he gives precedence to many of Mr. Rafinesque's names, it must be remembered that this has been done on the authority of others, and not from his inspection of the specimens themselves. Had he known the manner in which these claims had been brought forward, he certainly would have admitted them with doubt, if he admitted them at all. The observation of Prof. Agassiz in Archiv fiir Nturgesc7hichte, 1852, that "if the American Naturalists had followed Rafinesque's track, instead of despising him we should have gained a good while ago a treasure of important additions to the anatomy of this family," will surprise most students of American Natural History. I am not aware that a single cotemporary writer considered him worthy of authority or reliance of any kind. I so far disagree from Prof. Agassiz that I believe with some of our most distinguished naturalists that if Mr. Rafinesque had never written a word on the subject of American Malacology and other branches of Natural History, we should have been more advanced than we are now; for even Prof. Agassiz himself has been troubled to exhume Mr. Rafinesque's genera, as he states in this paper that H XXX SYNOPSIS OF THE -FAMILY OF UI O N I D E. the genera Amblema and Ellipsaria "are good for nothing," that we can neither make use of these names nor of his Obliquart: and further, "there are several other genera of Mr. Rafinesque's, indeed, that I know not how to dispose of."! If Prof. A. finds it so difficult to follow Mr. Rafinesque's tracks, how can he blame the early American naturalists, who had so much less light than himself? The prejudice expressed above against "American Naturalists" is not warranted, and the whole career of the unfortunate Mr. Rafinesque in this country was not such as to excite the sympathy and the universal good feeling which existed among our early naturalists. When I commenced the study of our Fresh Water Shells I found that my predecessors, Messrs, Say and Barnes, did not credit him with a single species; they could not be satisfied of the identity of one. Other naturalists-Griffith, Hyde, Peale, Green, and Stewart-thought three or four could be relied on, and these I adopted. I believe I was the first writer to allow him one. I studied his works faithfully, without prejudice, and certainly without profit, losing much time ineffectually. In 1836 the Ohio naturalists, Dr. Hildreth, Dr. Kirtland, Dr. Ward, Judge Tappan, Mr. Buchanan and Mr. Clark, after much consultation, made out a list for western naturalists to be finally adopted. They made out 119 species, of which they gave Mr. Rafinesque one, and that with doubt. Subsequently, when jealousies arose, Mr. Say and Mr. Conrad in 1834 published synoptical tables with the specimens of the North American Unionidce before them, which it was said Mr. Rafinesque had labelled, but they could not with this light give any certainty to Mr. R.'s species, as these tables differ so much as to types and synonyms as to neutralize what their authorities might otherwise have been. The animus of Mr. Say's synopsis may be understood in the fact that in it he did not give me a single species! while Mr. Conrad gave me twenty, and those evidently with reluctance. The first entry of Mr. Conrad's Synopsis is U. abruptus, Say=cyclips, Raf., and calendis, NRcf. Mr. Say's Synopsis does not claim this species, nor does he enter Mr. Rafinesque's two names at all. Mr. Conrad gives ater, Lea=lugubris, Say. Mr. Say reverses this, and makes my ater the synonym. Mr. Conrad gives cyphius, RRaf.= cicatricosus, Say. While Mr. Say claims for himself cicatricosus as a type, &c. &c. 1 Prof. Leidy has been more fortunate in another line of investigation, as he has shown in "Extinct Mammalia of North America," p. 376; that he found, in the examination of Mr. Rafinesque's fossil mammals that he had made threefossil genera from the bones of the common recent deer, Cervus Virgizianus. THE FAMILY UNIONILDE. FAM I LY NAIAD E SLmarck. GENTUS MARGARON. I. SUBGENUS TRIQUETRA.' All the species preceded by an * are in my Cabinet. The inner column forms the Synonyms. TRIANGULAR. TRIANGULAR. *corrugata. Lam. Hyria avicularis. Lam. Child. Hyria corrugata. Lam. Sow. Chenu. Crouch. Desh. Guerin. Chenu. ~~ Hyria rugosa. Cuv. Han. F. SHyria rosea. Lefev. Pot. f Hyria syrmatophora. Sow. Cuv. 2 I Hyria transversa. Hupe. Schom. Swain. Hugpe. Han. 5 ~Tellina rosea. Bonh. Unio corrugata. Blain.2 w - Mya angulata. Wood. Hyria elongata?3 Swain. o Unio rugosus. WTagner. Hyria cordata. Menke. n PcPaxyodon ponderosus. Schum. Hyria complanata. Hupe. Triplodon rugosum. Spix. Hyria Castelnauii. Hupe. Unio caudatus. Wagner. * subviridis. Klein. Unio syrmatophora. Desh. C Myasyrmatophora. Gronovius. Gmel. Prisodon obliguus. Schum. Wood. Dill. Schreib. Schrot. 1Diplodonfurcatum. Spix. 1 The shell known to zoologists generally as Hyria corrugata, Lam., was long before placed by Klein under the generic name of Triquetra (Tentamen Methodi, 1753, p. 135, P1. 9, Fig. 36), and Ferussac adopted it, very properly, in preference to Hyria. In my former editions, I placed Hyria in the subgenus Unio, but the animal has been found to possess two syphons, which ought, with other obvious differences, to separate it from Unio (Gray, Annals of Nat. Hist., Dec. 1840). Troschel, in Wiegmann's Archives, describes the soft parts and the cicatrices. The cicatrices in the H. corrugata, he says, differ; which is true, as in the genus HIyria there exists usually a very well marked cicatrix, which is deeply impressed, distinct, and lies over the great anterior adductor cicatrix. He also says that the Unio delphinus belongs to this genus, as well as a new shell, Hyria humilis, from Guiana, described by him. 2 The figure of Blainville, pl. 61, fig. 1, is evidently the smooth Triquetra, and no doubt is subviridis. 3 Mr. Gray thinks this is a "perfectly distinct species." I have never seen the shell, and feel too much in doubt to insert it as such. 7 26 TRIQ U ET RA. WIDE. TRIANGULAR. contorta. Lea. - I -*Browniana. Lea. Han. o T. lanceolata. Lea. o E JHyria humilis? Trosch. Hyria lanceolata. Gray. A ~Arconaia lanceolata. Con. 1 Referred to in Wiegmann's Archives, 1847, from Guiana. PRISOD ON. 27 II. SUBGENUS PRISODON.' TRIANGULAR. TRIANGULAR. *truncatus. Schum. Unio ambigua. Blain. Desh. Sow. H Ccast. ambigua. Lam. D'Orb. Cu v. 3 ya ambigua. Wood. ISow. Guerin. Pot. Schum. o Tetra2podon pectinatum. Spix. FoI Swain. Chenu. C Q (lCast. quadrilatera. D'Orb.l noclulosus.5 Wood. k X X Cast. infata. D'Orb. A lya nodulosa. Wood. Dill. Cast. turgida.3 Hupe. Chama plumbea. Aiihlf. (Casts. retusa. Hupe. ~ Unio plumbeus. (Imp. Cab. in VienCast. acuticosta. EHupe. na.) Cast. multisulcata. Hu2pe. Cast. Castelnauii. Hupe. z Cast. C7rossiana. Hidalgo.4 T Duprei. Recluz.6 Chenu. Cast. cordata. Humpj. H. & A. Adams. L 1 Schumacher, in his Nouveau Systeme, 1817, p. 138, formed the genus Prisodon, in which he included the two now well known shells Hyria syrmatophorus and Castalia ambigua. His name for the first cannot be applied, as Klein, in 1753, preoccupied this genus by naming it Triquetra. Therefore it must be applied to Castalia, which name was given to the same shell by Lamarck in 1819. Mr. Gray, in his "Genera," gives Schumacher priority in the name of Prisodon, in which he is perfectly correct. 2 I owe to the kindness of M. D'Orbigny specimens of this and inflata. I regret, however, that I am compelled to differ in opinion with this distinguished naturalist, believing, as I do, that there have been as yet observed but three species of Prisodon (Lamarck's Castalia). 3 I have all these five forms of M. Hupe's in my collection, and have always esteemed them the truncatus Schum. 4 I have seen no specimen, nor has M. Hidalgo given a figure; but I suspect that Crossiana is a more perfect specimen of ambigua than usual. I may, however, be entirely mistaken in this opinion. 5 In my second edition, p. 22, this shell was placed among the Uniones, with a note as to its analogues and its habitat. On my visit to Vienna in 1853, I found, in the Imperial cabinet, the right and left valves of two individuals under the name of Chama plumbea Miihlfeld, but then labelled Unio plumbeus. Having serrated teeth, it properly belongs here. See Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 6, p. 368. 6 A fine specimen is in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 28 UNIo. III. SUBGENUS UNIO.' TRIANGULAR. TRIANGULAR. *Cumingii. Lea. *Hainesianus. Lea. Mart. Unio Cumingii. Reeve.2 (No. 264.) Unio imperialis. Iore. gigas. Swain. Lea. subtrigonus. Sow.3 HMegadomus gigas. Swain. *superbus. Lea. *Nicklinianus. Lea. Han. Unio macropterus.4 Dunk. Unio velaris. Bens. *eximius. Lea. Mart. *gravidus. Lea. HMart. *Boykinianus. Lea. Chenu. Uno abnormis. More. *'inflatus. Lea. Kiist. Han. delphinulus.5 More. Symph. inflata. Lea, in Trans. Am. - rP. S. lsaevissimus. Lea. Adams. Han. Z4 UUnio Alabamensis. Con. Symph. levissima. Lea. Sh. & Eat. Pcr^~~~~ =^~~~~ ~Swain. delphinus. Grun. Lea. Kiist. Chenu. Urnio levissima. Deshayes. *alatus. Say. Lam. Swain. Bar. *Myersianus. Lea. Hild. Menke. Adams. Kiist. Dekay. Potier. Deshayes. Con. Ortonii. Lea. Sow. Chenu. Han. Mya alata. Wood. Eat. *Housei. Lea. Mart. Symph. alata. Lea. Sh. & Eat. Lymnadia alata. Sow. Swain. *gracilis.6 Barnes. Hild. Desh. Han. Metaptera alata. Stimpson. (Agass. Adams. MSS.) Unio planus. Barnes. Unio fragilis. Swain. Kiist. HIeermannii. Lea. Symph. gracilis. Lea. Sh. & Eat. Retzius, Nova Testaceorum Genera, 1788. 2 Judging from the figure of Reeves, I should think it had been taken from lIarg. complanata, Barnes. s The figure is very much like that of Hainesianus, Lea, and may be a half grown specimen. 4 Dr. Dunker received it fiom Danu-Luar River, Sumatra. 5 A well-characterized species from Honduras. 6 Mr. Swainson's description offragilis appeared in his Zool. Ill., dated 1822-1823; and Mr. Barnes's in Silliman's Journal for April, 1823. As I do not know which really was issued first, I have preferred to give preference to Mr. Barnes's name, by which the shell has been universally known among our conchologists. UrNI o. 29 TRIANGULAR. lMya plana. Eat. _Mya gracilis. Eat. QUADRATE. Metapteratgracl'~s~..Stpson. (Agass.'Unio heros. Say, Am. Conch. No. 6. Metctptera gracfles. St'mpson. (Agass. Con. MSS.) Con. Unio atrocostatus. Reeve, No. 13. OVAL. *ggenerosus. Gould.' Blan. *Eightsii. Lea. I I OBLONG. ei ti|o OBF~TG.|;1 ~ ~~~~~ t | *Neislerii. Lea. *pressius. Lea. o Symph. conmpressa. Lea. z Syph *oj.Vsa Lea * P undulatus. Bar. Valen. Hild. Desh. m Compyanaria a7asmodontina.3 Stimp- 0 - C/henu. HTan. son. (Agass. MSS.) TT,' A 7~ ^74 P Unio costata? Raf. Unio compressus. Con. Adams.no cn 7-* T7 7- P Unio costatus. Con. Linsley. Dekay. Han. U a q?7Unio plicatus. Con. dcortus Lea. Hya undulata. Eat. *decoratus. Lea..' QUADRATE. *perplicatus. Con. *atromarginatus. Lea. Chenu. Unio Pearlensis. Con. multiplicatus.5 Lea. Kirt. Potier. atrocostatus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio heros. Say, in Disseminator. *Ellottii ea. Unio undulatus. Say, Am. Conch. z. No. 2, P1. 16, Deshayes.'Dr. Goulc (Boston Nat. Hist. Soc., April, 1847) says it resembles Margaritana Vondembushiana, Lea, now transferred to Monocondylcea, D'Orb. 2 In the Proceedings of the Am. Phil. Soc., vol. ii. p. 237, I changed compressus into pressus, the former name having been used by Sowerby for a fossil species. Where did Barnes describe " Unio Alasmodontinus, Barnes," as quoted by Agassiz? 4 "Fresh water and land shells of Vermont." His variety plebeius does not seem to me to differ. My brother, T. G. Lea, stated to me that he thought the U. pressus properly belonged to the genus Margaritana, and that the charged ovisacs were like those of M. complanata. In all the fifteen which he found during several years, the ovisacs were charged. I have since examined a female, and find this species has in the soft parts other characters like Margaritana, but not completely so, and having true lateral teeth, it must be placed with Unio.'When I described the multiplicatus in 1830, I had had several specimens for two or three years, and was not aware that Mr. Say had published a shell under the name of heros, which he subsequently abandoned as the undulatus of Barnes; but in 1834 reclaimed as heros. The figure of Mr. Say in American Conch., pi. 16, is certainly not U. undulatus, Bar., as he supposed. It is undoubtedly my multiplicatus, as a comparison of the two figures will prove. Mr. Say refers to Barnes's fig., Am. Jl. of Science, vol. vi. pi. 2, as being the same with this; but a comparison will show that they are not alike in outline, in folds, nor in the beaks. 8 30 u NIo. QUADRATE. TRIANGULAR. *plicatus.l Lesueur. Say. Bar. Sh. *Nyassensis. Lea. & Eat. Hild?2 Swain. Chenu. Unio Nyasse. Sow. Han. Unio Peruviana. Lam. *Aferulus. Lea. Unio rariplicata. Lan. Desh. Unio Dombeyanus. VTaen. *dimotus. Lea. Unio undulata. Desh. Unio Sumatrensis.4 Lea. Unio multipjicata. Desh. Unio crassus. Barnes. Lampreyanus. Baird & Adams. Mya plicata. Eat. r~ I vChinensis. Lea. Z *infucatus. Con. o z | Unio securiformis. Con. OBLIQUE. Hw w K.'as L e a Tientsinensis. Crosse & D. ~ ~ *Kleiniaius. Lea.; I oUnio liratus. Shuttleworth. k~~;~ MX~~~~~~ P tortuosus. Lea. nccs L ea. r Hat 7Unio subtortus. Baird & Ad. nucleus. Lea. Mfart. o 0 Swainsoni. Sow. Reeve. ~z.Napeanensis. Con. z Unio dorsuoszus. Gould. OVAL. TRIANGULAR. *corrugatus. Retzius. Speng. Lam. psamnmoicus. D'eOr. es. Ban. a. fMya corrugata. Miller. Ch erm. *foliatus.3 Hild. Chenu. Han. Schrot. Gmel. WVood. Dill. Unio flexuosus. Con. Schreib. fenke. Mya rugosa. Grmel. Wood. Dill. *clatus. Con. Han. Schreib. Mya nodosa? Gmel. Wood. Dill. *Kirkii. Lea. Mya spuria. Gmel. Wood. Schreib. 1 A difficulty exists in the minds of some naturalists as to whom this name properly belongs, and it is often given to Mr. Say. Mr. Lesueur gave the first specimen obtained to Mr. Say under this name; but Mr. Say, believing it to be only a variety of crassus, so stated in Nicholson's Ency., Am. ed. It still, however, kept the name of plicatus, Lesueur, without any description, until Mr. Barnes, in Am. Jl. of Science, 1823, p. 120, described it as Lesueur's. Therefore, if not Lesueur's, it is Mr. Barnes's species. 2 It is extremely difficult to make out the species described by Dr. Hildreth in the American Journal of Science. It appears, from a note by the editor, that he did not insert all the figures sent by Dr. H., but left out those which Mr. Barnes had already, as he thought, figured in the Journal. Unfortunately, in this omission Mr. Barnes's figures are not referred to, and we are, therefore, in doubt whether Dr. H. recognized, justly or not, Mr. Barnes's species. 3 The male of foliatus is certainly a triangular shell; the female differs in form very much, having a deep inflection on the posterior basal margin. It may be doubted if this should be considered a plicate shell. I think that the folds of the growth, particularly in the male shells, require it to be placed here. 4 Sumatrensis being preoccupied by Dr. Dunker, I change the name to dimotus. 5 Mr. Sowerby substituted this name for Uniopsis radiatus and mytiloides, Hanley, both being preoccupied. TNIO. 31 OVAL. OBLONG. AIya Gacitana. Lin. Schreib. *Sloatianus. Lea. Chenu. Unio sp2uria. Lan. Unio aratus. Con. Unio triradiata. MSS. in Auseun at Unio plectoforus. Con. Paris. Unio fulnineus. Phili. *rufofuscus. Lea. Potamida corrugata. Swain. Naia corrugata. Swain. navigioliformis. Lea. Burtoni. Itoolw. Reeve. plicatulus. Lea. Indicus. Sow. Reeve. hylaeus.'Orb. Schom. Unio Guarianus. D'Orb. vi -*Tavoyensis. Gould. Bclan.. Uno n. Be. an.*trapezoides. Lea. Chenu. Han. z Umo pcma. Ben. z U nT7Unio crassicens. Lam. VaC. a. Unio interrup2tus.2 Say. Desh. *crespisulcatus. Ben. Blan. WU n ^Z~ ~'~ ^'~ ~~ HlIomsensis. Lea. a Pl; occatus. Lea. Blan. a I>^~~ >^~~~ ~SUBROTUND. *asperulus. Lea. * Brazosensis. Lea. O o z z *pliciferus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *Lincecumii. Lea. Unio carbonarius.' Lea. Chenu. Unio plexus. Con. WIDE. Unio crococilorum. Jliore. *ellipticus. Spix. Mori. Diploclon elli2ticum.3 Spix. *rusticus. Lea. llart. Unio mnultistriatus. Lea. D)'Orb. Han..dimintus. Lea.. Unio psammactinus. Phili. diminutus. Lea. *Japanensis. Lea. *laticostatus. Lea. *cucumoicles Lea. Chenu. *hippopueis. Lea. Unio Cumningii. Dunkl. 1 U. carbonarius is the old and eroded of pliciferus. 2 Mr. Say, in his "Synonymy," claims precedence in this species, although my Memoir bears date May, 1830, while his is December, 1831. (See Transylvania Journal, vol. v.) The reader will not, after this, be surprised to be told that Mr. Say does not allow me, in his very incorrect " Synonymy," to be the discoverer of a single new species of Unio from our western waters!! I may be allowed also to state, that I do not understand why he gives the same name to two of his different numbers: thus, he calls No. 17, U. interruptus, Rafin.; and No. 47, U. interruptus, Say. The species are evidently distinct. 3 I have no doubt of D. ellipticum being the same with my Unio multistriatus, and it is a true Unio. Mr. Barnes gave the same specific name to an American Unio, but it had beeln previously cdescribecl by Lamarck as ligamentinus.' Comes from Richmond River, Australia. Zeitschrift fiir Malak., 1846, p. 109. 32 U NI O.'WIDE.'WIDE. *subtentus. Say. Con. Desh. Han. *Shurtleffianus. Lea. Blan. *Hembeli. Con. *gratiosus. Phili. *Osbeckii. Phili. *humilis. Lea. Mart. Unio Shanghaiensis. Lea. Unio digitiformis. Sow. *Dunkerianus. Lea. *Wrightii. Lea. *Murchisonianus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio Douglasia.' Gray. Baird & * *Conradianus. Lea. Ha.. Adams. 0 0 * rubellinus. Lea. *nuxpersicus.2 Dunk. > *aacutissimus. Lea. Con. Chenu. Han. * Grayanus. Lea. Chenu. Han. ~ ~ Unio Grayii. In Griffith's Cuvier. *3 "parvulus. Lea. ARCUATE. *penicillatus. Lea. | *ponderosus. Sol. Hn. z^~~~~~~~~ zW~ H~yJlca ponderosa. Solan. S Dill. Natalensis. Lea. Pya crassa. Wood. *phaselus. Lea. Vignonana. Reeve. *scobinatus. Lea. QUADRATE. Unio Mandarinus. Mlore. *lacrymosus.3 Lea. Chhenu. Han. Sh. Unio pellis-lacerti. Mlore. & Eat. Theliderma lacrymosa. Swain. fluctiger. Lea. Unio quadratus. Reeve. crispatus. Gould. Blan. *Forsheyi. Lea. In Jarcines's Mag. Zool. and Botany, vol. i. p. 285, Mr. Gray claims precedence for his name Douglasie. He published it in Griffith's Cuvier, bearing the date of 1834. My description, published in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 5, dates March 16, 1832. (Note 1867. Messrs. Baird and Adams, in Zool. Proc., May 9, 1867, are entirely incorrect in making Murchisonianus (1832) a synonym to Douglasiae (1834), saying that "Mr. Lea some years after described and figured a species from China," &c. Quite the contrary; I described it, some years before, in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 5. In the same paper, Messrs. Baird and Adams say that "after a careful examination of the description and figure of U. Shanghaiensis (Lea), they are satisfied that it is the same, and that the name of Douglasie must therefore stand." That "the three species are identical." This is another error. Shanghaiensis is really the same as Osbeckii, Phili., with which I have some years since placed it in my MS. for this edition of Synopsis.) 2 The specimen given to me by Dr. Dunker is so much like a young Murchisonianus, Lea, that I think it will prove to be the same species. 3 It is a matter of some doubt if this be more than a beautiful variety of asperrimus (nobis). Future observation must determine. Ferussac and some other zoologists believe it to be distinct. Dr. Ward says they "are certainly distinct." UNTIO. 33 QUADRATE. ( TRIANGULAR. *speciosus. Lea. *sparsus. Lea. Chenu. *asperrimus.l Lea. Han. *metanevrus. Raf. Con. Kiist. Sh. Unio quadrulus.2 Say. Con. & Eat. Han. Unio nobilis. Con. Unio noclosus. Bar. Hild. Chenu. Unio rugosus (Flat). Bar. Hil. *Rumphianus. Lea. Adams. Telederma metanevra. Swain. *Blandianus. Lea. Mya nodosa. Eat. Hfya rugosa. Eat. *fragosus.3 Con. Han. *Wardii. Lea. Phillipsii. Con. Kiist. Han. W o o Sa a^''' A T ^ ^ ~*intermedius. Con. *Cincinnatiensis.4 Lea. Chenu. C C) *cornutus..Bar. Hran. *pustulatus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *corn Ba. > z UJnio no^dulatus. ^Con. | z Mya cornuta. Eat. Uno reflexa? Raf. vzm.. i2 p " n- TTUnio reflexus. Con. x Schoolcraftii." Lea. Han. cr. rans. Cno Unio torulosus. Raf. fide Sh. & Eat. ^ Unio prasinus. Con. o Unio nodiferus. Con. SUBROTUND. TRIANGULAR. *pustulosus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *apiculatus. Say. Con. Chenu. Han. Unio verrucosus. Bar. Var. b. Unio verrucosa. Valen. *asper. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio verrucosus albus. Say; but not of Hildreth.6 *Dorfeuillianus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio bullatus. Con. *stapes. Lea. Con. Chenu. Han. *spaericus. Lea. *tuberosus. lea. Chenu. *asperatus. Lea. 1 Mr. Say supposed this to be the rugosus, Barnes. Two specimens referred to by Mr. B. as rugosus were under my inspection, and proved to be-the one a flat metanevra, Rafin., the other a plicatus, Lesueur. Mr. B., in his reclamation, recognizes his rugosus as U. Perutana, Lam., which shell is undoubtedly the plicatus, Lesueur and Say. 2 This variety of asperrimus I have had in my cabinet for about twenty-five years, and always regarded it as too similar in its characters to raise it to a distinct species. 3 This shell has been considered the female of asperrimus (nobis), but I have no doubt of its being distinct. Some of our best western naturalists think it to be the true rugosus of Barnes. 4 This may be found to be the male of Phillipsii Con., when the soft parts shall be examined. 5 Prof. Kirtlandl thinks this may prove only a variety of pustulosus (nobis), but I am not of that opinion. 6 A specimen sent to me by Dr. Hildreth as Unio verrucosus albus, provecl to be a true irroratus (nobis). 9 34 U XN I o. SUBROTUND. SUBROTUND. *Kienerianus. Lea. *grandidens. Lea. *vallatus. Lea. OBLIQUE. *AEsopus. Green. Han. *turgidus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio cicatricosus. Con. Unio Mortoni. Con. Unio cyphius. Con. *Cooperianus. ea.. irtL. Han. *varicosus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio cicatricosus? Say.1 *verrucosus. Bar. Sh. & Eat. Chenu. Unio cicatricosus. Con. Han. Unio tuberculata? Raf. *perplexus. Lea. Kirt. Ch/enu. Han. UX Unio tuberculosa. VaTen. uT Unio gibbosus? Raf. Iz ~ Unio verrucosus purpureus. Hild. Unio gibbosus. Con. ]aiist. (Fig. 3.)2 zt ~ Unio tuberculatus. Con. Unio gubernaculum. Reeve. jfya verrucosa. Eat. ~ L e- *propinquus. Lea. * I "refulgens. Lea. 1 k z OVAL. | *graniferus. Lea. Chenu. IHan.. * semigranosus. Phil. cD C ~ US^7nio explicatus. Meore. *pernodosus. Lea.atu. o Unio corium. Reeve. *irroratus. Lea. S/I. & Eat. Desh. HEan. Chenu. *Leaii. Gray. Benson. Unio verrucosus albus. lild. Unio nodulosus. Reeve. Unio stegarius. Con. WIDE. *caperatus. Lea. granosus. Brug. Lam. Chleniu. Han. Unio abacoides. Hald. Iridea granosa. Swain. *dromas. Lea. Han. *tuberculatus. Bar. Sh. & Eat. Hild. Adams. Chenu. Han. *Aberti. Con. Unio pustulata. Swain. Unio Lamarckianus. Lea. Mya tuberculata. Eat. 1 Never having seen the specimen described by Mr. Say as cicatricosus, I am unable to decide if it be the same with varicosus (nobis). Two things mentioned by Mr. Say induce me to doubt it. He calls his' a common species," and says it is "distinguishable by the single series of transverse elevations on the middle." These remarks do not apply to varicosus, but they do to 2Esopus, Green. I have always deemed it a rare shell. 2 Kiister figures (3) a male perplexus (nobis) as gibbosus, Raf. If his fig. 4 be taken from Mr. Conrad's Monog., pi. 27, fig. 2, it is a sulcatus, Lea. 3 Dr. Cantor, in the Annals of Nat. Hist., vol. 9, p. 489, gives the lhlabitat of this species in Chusan and in Canton River. He also describes a Unio, under the name of divergens, being "tuberculatoplicata;" also, an Anodonta (gibbum), both from Chusan. Mr. Benson, in Journal Asiatic Soc., 1855, says that divergens is distantly related to undulatus, Bar. UNIO. 35 WIDE. TRIANGULAR. Novae Iollandiae. Gray. Han. *Nicaraguensis.4 Lea. * cylindricus. Say. Sh. & Eat. Hild. *planior. Lea. Han. Swain. Chenu. Unio naviformis. Lam. Blain. *rugososulcatus. Lea. ralen. Desh.l ]fya cylindrica. Eat. Meredithii. Lea. TRIANGULAR. OVAL. | spinosus. Lea. Chenu. Han.trameus. Con. n. Canthyria spinosa. Swain. *Gerhardtii. Lea. *collinus. Con. * * *aratus. Lea. QUADRATE. O *Wynmanii.2 Lea. * Dysonii. ea. Aveia. Ben. w A e a. B e n *Caldwellii. Lea. TRIANGULAR. Kraussii3 Lea. *tripartitus. Lea. ti ~Castalia sulcata. iirauss. o'B*Rowellii. Lea. *rubidus. Lea. melleus. Lea. ~ negatus. Lea. II I *Paramattensis. Lea. *Averyi. Lea. *effulgens. Lea. *encarpus. Lea. *vittatus. Lea. *Gabbianus. Lea. *Syriacus. Lea. *Granadensis. Lea. OBLONG. *Estabrookianus. Lea. *Scamnatus5 iMore. iL Unio striatissimus. Anth. Unio Grundlachi. Dunkc. Deshayes, in Encly. Meth. Vers., tom. ii. p. 580, No. 5. 2 Von Martens considers Wymanii to be a synonym to delodontus, Lam.; but, on a re-examination of the specimens, I am surprised at his conclusion. Dr. Dunker, at Cassel, gave me a shell under the name of Castalia sulcata Krauss, from Surinam. But it is not a Prisodon (Castalia); for, although it has the outline and general appearance, the teeth are not striate, but granulate. It therefore belongs to the triangular Uniones, and the name of Unio sulcata being preoccupied it must be changed, which I do to that of the able discoverer, Prof. Krauss —Unio Kraussii. This species has remarkable transverse furrows like some of the species of Cyrena. 4 Lake Nicaragua, C. A. 5 This very distinct and interesting species is from Cacajagicara River and Taco-taco River, Cuba. It is covered with transverse furrows. 36 UNIO. OBLONG. TRIANGULAR. *Shuttleworthii. Lea. Unioformosus.2 Lea. (Male.) Chenu. Unio cuneatus. Swain. Demararaensis. Lea. 1ya triangularis. Eat. persulcatus. Lea. WVaccamawensis. Lea. * Verreauxianus. Lea. Foremanianus. Lea. Chenu. Unio velatus. Con. SUBROTUND. *Newcombianus. Lea. | *Woodwardianus. Lea. Unio sagrinatus. Sow. s>^~~~ P^ ~~~ ~ ^~*trinacrus. Lea. 0 QUADRATE. La Z' z~AD. ^ - ^ ^7^7 r'' *compactus. Lea. * *arcaeformis. Le. Desh. Chenu. Han. Unio nexus.' Say. Un1 nexus.1 Say. j *elegans.3 Lea. Chenu. Han. ^~m~~ ~ ~..m~ > ~ Z7Unio truncatus. Say. Leibii. Lea. o o *donaciformis. Lea. Desh. Chenu. *tesserulae. Lea. Han. quadrans. Lea. uadran. Lea. zigzag. Lea. Sh. & Eat. Desh. *Berlandierii. Lea.Cheu. an. *heterodon. Lea. Con. Desh. Lins. TRIANGULAR. H]an. *triangularis. Bar. Sh. & Eat. Hild. Say. Han. *penitus.6 Con.' Say and Conrad both commit the error of giving precedence to nexus. My description of arceformis is in my memoir, read before the American Philosophical Society, May 20, 1831, while Mr. Say's was first described in the Transylvania Journal, of December, 1831. Subsequently, he republished it in his Aimerican Conchology, No. 6, where he places erroneously the date of 1832 to my memoir. 2 Mr. Barnes's description of triangularis was made from a female shell, and mine of formosus from the male. There being an obvious distinction of the sexes in every specimen, my error was a very natural one, as we were not at the time acquainted with the sexual differences in the Naiades. 3 Mr. Say thinks that Mr. Barnes's undulatus, Var. a, is the same with elegans. I think differently, and would fortify my opinion in the fact that Mr. B. does not mention the zigzag rays which are strikingly singular in the elegans, and could not have failed to elicit his remarks had it been under his eyes. 4 I have expressed my doubts, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. iv. p. 84 (p. 94 in " Observations on the Genus Unio," &c.), if this be more than a fine variety of zigzag (nobis). Mr. Say gives it as a synonym to nervosus, Raf., and Mr. Conrad as truncata, Raf. Prof. Kirtland thinks this may be the female of zigzag. I am disposed to think that zigzag should be considered only a variety. If the soft parts prove to be the same, then certainly zigzag is a variety of donaciformis. 5 Mr. Conrad describes a Unio (Am. Jl. Sc., v. 21, Sec. Ser., p. 172) under the name of diversus, from Shoal Creek, North Alabama, which, he says, is remarkably like heterodon in form and teeth. 6 I received from Judge Tait, of Alabama, in 1830, several specimens of this species, but they were not sufficiently perfect to induce me to publish them. Mr. Conrad does not mention the rays, a very peculiar character of which is their being dotted somewhat like those of securis (nobis), but in a lighter manner. UTIO. 37 TRIANTGULAR. TRIANGULAR. *compressissimus. Lea. Unio cuneatus. Bar. a. & Eat. Hild. *securis. Lea. -h. & Eat. )esh. Unio niger? ctf. Chenu. Han. fUnio niger. Con. Kiist. Unio depressa?l Raf.; but not of ya cuneata. Eat. Lamn. Unio lineolatus. Say.ncrassatus. Lea. *corvus. Lea. *abacus. Halcd. *macrodon. Lea. *camelus.2 Lea. Han. *Forbesianus. Lea. m2 *ovatus. Say. Lam. Bar. Valen. Sh. X IX e^& Eat. Hild. Con. Kiist. Ean. * gibber. Lea. Chenu. Han. z Umrnio ventricosus. Desh. Unio subovatus. Desh. lunfer Bourg. 0 7Unio occidens. Desh. o 4 - Kya ovata. Eat. *pumilus. Lea. Chenu. Han. v XEylia ovata. Swain. >2 Orbignyi. Deville and Hupe. o -*dorsatus. Lea. o *rubiginosus. Lea. Desh. Chenu. Han. *excavatus. Lea. Chenu. Unio fiavus. Con. Kiist. Unio cerinus. Con. Kiist. *perradiatus. Lea. Cunicula rubiginosa. Swain. *Canadensis. Lea. jaspideus (Mono.) Hupej.5 involutus. Bens. Blan. *striatulus. Lea. *satur. Lea. Chenu. *pudicus. Lea. *subovatus.3 Lea. Chenu. Han. *aureus. Lea. *crassidens.4 Lam. Chenu. Han. *amabilis. Lea. 1 Mr. Conracd makes depressa, Raf., ellipsaria, Raf., and securis (nobis), synonymous with lineolata, Raf. Mr. Say does the same, with the exception of ellipsaria, which he considers distinct; while Mr. Rafinesque himself places lineolata and ellipsaria in different subgenera!! 2 I am much disposed to think this a variety of phaseolus, Hild. Dr. Kirtland considers it such in his Ohio Reports. 3 Mr. Say makes "ventricosus, Bar., occidens (nobis), subovatus (nobis), (var.), and capax, Green (var.)," synonymous with cardium, Raf. In my opinion, they form at least three, perhaps four, distinct species. 4 Crassidens, Var. a, Lam., is trapezoides (nobis). 5 M. Hupe says it is Alasmodonta, but I suspect it to be Monocondylcea. 10 38 UNIO. TRIANGULAR. TRIANGULAR. habetatus. Con. *Riddellii. Lea. *succissus. Lea. *Chunii. Lea. *glandaceus. Lea. *irrasus. Lea. *Bigbyensis. Lea. Chenu. *iRajahensis. Lea. Chenu. Blan. *favosus. Lea. *favidens. Ben. Blan. *maculatus. Con. *stabilis. ea. Iz X B*Barnesianus. Lea. Cenu. Han. *instructus. Lea. V Ler>s. Zeac Nagpoorensis. Lea. Blan.'s * - 7sk l ea~. C7 5 e | cyrenoides. Phili. *cuneolus. Lea. Chenu. Ilnhensis.. S ll~*HTolstonensis. Lea. Chenu. *Clinchensis. Lea. o o *tumescens. Lea. *personatus. Say. Uniopileus. Lea. Han. *fulgidus. Lea. Unio capillaris. Lea. (female.) *-Iartmanianus. Lea. *Stewardsonii. Lea. *Taitianus. Lea. *biemarginatus. Lea. *solidus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *Sowerbianus.2 Lea. Con. Kuist. Han. *obliquus. Lamn. fenke. Han. *Othcaloogensis. Lea. Unio undatus. Bar. Hild. Kust. Unio trigonus.3 Say. Con.; not of *trigonus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Lea. 1 Perfect specimens of Unio Bavenelianus (nobis) look so much like maculatus, that I am disposed to think, when many specimens of both are examined, they will prove to be the same species. Ravenelianus has precedence. 2 See note on Haysianus, Lea, p. 41. Say and Conrad both give trigonus (nobis) as a synonym to undatus, Barnes. It is difficult for me to understand why they should not at once, on comparison, be recognized as different species. The trigonus is always more angular on the umbonial slope, and the undulations at the tips of the beaks differ. This may be observed particularly in the young and perfect specimens. If a doubt could be admitted as to the difference of the form of the shell, the color of the animal in trigonus would at once settle the question. It is peculiar, being red. Some years since, when I described this species, I deposited a specimen in the Academy of Natural Sciences of this city, with its proper name appended. Subsequently, I found the Academy had prefixed the name of undatus, Barnes, to the label. There is not a doubt as to its being specifically different. UNIO. 39 ( TRIANGULAR. TRIANGULAR. Unio mytioies. SA. & Eat. Uniopsis mytiloicles. Swain. Unio undulatus. Desh. Unio cordatus? Rf. OBLIQUE. Unio cordatus. Con. Kiist. *Troostii. Lea. Han. Unio caridiacea. Guerin. Unio trabalis. Con. Mya undata. Eat. *trossulus. Lea. *plenus. Lea. v;W^~~~~~~. ~IW~P I lepidus. Gould. * pyramidatus. Lea. Diest. Chenu. I Desh. Han. | *Tigris. Fer. Unio rubr a. Zcd. nUnio ruma Rc.. Unio Tigridis. Boury. o sUnio mytiloicles. (Con. m I Unio cardiacea. Desh. Pazii. ea. *Pazii. Lea. *Bournianus. Lea. Chenu. Bunau.. m Chn.*terminalis.2 Bourg. Mouss. Trist. ^z *Edgfarianus. Lea. Chenu. t C*tumidulus. Lea. *Mooresianus. Lea. cor. Con. Han. *mytiloides.i Raf. Swain; not of Desh. truncatus. Swain. Han. Unio triangularis. Con. Unio rubra. Con. *Bourguignatianus. Lea. Unio caridiacea. Con. Mya obliqua. Wood. *dignatus. Lea. 1 It is a matter of great doubt if this name ought to be admitted at all in this table. It was applied, many years since, by the naturalists of this city, without reference to any particular specimen, but, as it now appears nearly certain, incorrectly. Dr. Ward says the description and outline would "equally well apply to six or eight different species." The difficulty of recognizing Mr. Rafinesque's species is well illustrated in this one. Mr. Conrad, in New Fresh Water Shells U. S., considers triangularis, Raf., as the type, and gives the following names of the same author as synonyms, viz., lateralis, sintoxia, pachostea, mytiloides, and rubra; thus charging him with making six species of one. But, what is still more extraordinary, this single species (agreeably to Mr. Conrad's synonyms) is not only divided by Mr. R. into different subgenera, but into different genera, and even into Two DIFFERENT SUB-FAMILIES!! See New Fresh Water Shells of the United States, p. 72, and Mr. Rafinesque's Monographie. In Mr. Say's Synonymy, triangularis, Raf., is considered to be the same as ellipsis (nobis)! Deshayes described a different shell under the name of mytiloides. (Ency. Meth., p. 249, Fig. 4.) I doubt from this figure if it be not a complanatus. We certainly have in our rivers, occasionally, specimens of this protean species very closely resembling this figure. M. Deshayes's figure has some resemblance to an imperfect Batavus. The habitat is not known. The confusion is increased by Mr. Conrad's subsequent attempt at correction. In Monography, 1836, he makes mytiloides a type, and puts rubra, Raf., pyranidatus, Lea, and caridiacea, Guerin, as synonyms. Subsequently, in Synopsis of 1853, mytiloides and triangularis are both dismissed as types, and the former made synonym to clara, Lam., while the latter is made synonym to triqueter, Raf.!! 2 Mr. Tristam, in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 543, says he thinks that terminalis and Jordanicus, Bourg. are the same, and that dignatus (nobis) seems to him to be identical with terminalis, but I doubt it. 40 UN I o. OBLIQUE. OBLIQUE. *bulbosus. Lea. *Murrayensis. Lea. *Hanleyianus. Lea. *oviformis. Con. *flavidulus. Lea. *argenteus. Lea. Chenu. *pallidofulvus. Lea. *pyriformis. Lea. *interventus. Lea. *castus. Lea. *decisus. Lea. Con. Kiist. Chenu. *Ravenelianus Lea. Han.. |S|GHan. Unio rudis. Con. *crebrivittatus. Lea. ravistellus. More. H l *consanguineus. Zea. modicus. Lea. l G*Chattanoogaensis. Lea. 2 Troschelianus. Lea. *anaticulus. Lea. Reeve.' *medius. Lea. curtus. Lea. *z striatus. Lea. *clavus. LZam. Con. Jienke. Kiist. *Rangianus.2 Lea. Chenu. Han. Han. Unio gibbosus. Kiust. (P1. 4, Fig. 4.) Unio scalenia. Raf. *.Sampsonii. Lea. Unio modioliformis. Say; not of Lea. *sulcatus. Lea. Sh. & Eat. Say. Desh. *patulus. Lea. Con. Desh. Chenu. Chenu. Swain. Han. Ht'an. lTlUnio ridibundus. Say. Sh. & Eat. *Lesleyi. Lea. (Female.)3 Unio pectitus.4 Con. J1. A. N. S., *mundus. Lea. vol. 2, p. 297.) I doubt if the figure of Reeve (199) be made from a true anaticulus. 2 This species has been supposed by some naturalists to be the same with perplexus (nobis). Mr. Clark, of Cincinnati, informs me that the animal differs in color, being lighter. It is known there vulgarly as the "White Mouth." They are certainly distinct species. 3 For some years, I was satisfied that Mr. Say's ridibundus was only a variety of suleatus (nobis). There cannot now, however, be a doubt that it is the female of that species; and it may be remarked that this serrated shell is usually found smaller than the other; a circumstance common with the females of some other species. Mr. S. describes and figures ridibundus in No. 1 of American Conchology, but does not insert it in his Synonymy, in No. 6. 4 Mr. Conrad described and figured a male and female shell from the Wabash under this name. There is no doubt in my mind of their being the same with sulcatus, Lea (male), and ridibundus, Say (female). Mr. C. thinks this species has some analogy to lenior, Lea, but it has not the same outline, and differs in other characters. He thinks the males have been " confounded with that of torulosus, Raf.;" but what is torulosus, Raf.? Mr. C. considers it, in his Synonymy, the same with perplexus, Lea. Mr. Say, however, discards torulosus, Raf., and considers perplexus, Lea, as a synonym to gibbosus, Raf. IMr. C.'s figure of metastriatus is much more like lenior, Lea. IUN10. 41 OBLIQUE. OVAL. Unio gibbosus. Con. Thwaitesii. Lea. Blan. Unio perobliquus. Con. *Lecontianus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *Haysianus.l Lea. Han. Unio contrarius. Con. *ellipsis.2 Lea. Say. Sh. & Eat. Po- spiu. ea. tier. Chenu. Han. Unio brevialis? Sow. *Downiei. Lea. *crapulus. Lea. *Satillaensis. Lea. *Higginsii. Lea. IFT>4~~~~ Iz7s L~*geminus. Lea. * *castaneus. Lea. Chenu. Han. ^..> 1~. S~. X ~*perdix. Lea. HTan. *Johannis. Lea. | Unio pectorosus. Con. Kiist. o. *Genthii. Lea. *ventricosus. Bar. Adams. Dekay. Ha1 n. *pulvinulus. Lea. Unio radiatus. Hild. Lampsilis ventricosa. Stimp. (Agass. *modicellus. Lea. MSS.) Mya ventricosa. Eat. *Arkansasensis. Lea. *occidens.3 Lea. 7h. & Eat. Han. TOVAL.R Unio ventricosus. Say. *Tampicoensis..Lea. Chenue. Hnan. Unio enis (junior). Con. Unio cardium. Con. *Coloradoensis. Lea. *umbrosus. Lea. *lineatus. Lea. Chenu. *porphyreus. Lea.' dolabroeformis. Lea. Chenu. Han. 1 I am very much disposed to think that Haysianus will prove to be the female of Sowerbianus (nobis). They differ much in size, but in other characters are much alike, except in the female enlargement. The latter is the larger, and has never, so far as I know, been found with charged branchial uteri. The former usually has them charged, I am informed. 2 Mr. Say, in his American Conchology, refigures this, and recognizes my name. Subsequently, in his Synonymy, he makes it a synonym of triangularis, Raf. Mr. Conrad says it is olivarius, Raf. 3 This ancd the preceding shell are so nearly allied, that it is a matter of doubt with me if it wvould not be preferable to unite them. Dr. Ward thinks they are male and female. Subsequent examination may throw sufficient light upon them to decide with certainty. Among Mr. Barnes's varieties of ventricosus, it is evident there are several distinct species. Prof. Kirtlandcl, in Ohio Reports, says it is impossible, with our present knowledge, to draw lines of specific distinction between the group consisting of ovatus, ventricosus, occidens, subovatus, &c. 11 42 UNIO. OVAL. OVAL. capax.l Green. Con. iiist. *Spillmanii. Lea. Sym. globosa. Lea. Unio ventricosus. Reeve. *fascinans. Lea. *splendidus. Lea. Han. *vivescens. Lea. *ochraceus. Say. Con. Goulc. Lins- *Georgianus. Lea. Chenu. ley. Dekay. Migh. Potier. Han. Sym. ochracea. Lea. perovatus. Con. Han. Unio rosaceus. Con. LampsiUs ochracea. Stimpson. (Agass. *altilis an MSS.) Mya ochracea. Eat. callosus. Lea. rn *delicatus. Lea. A dlan Lea.*xmultiradiatus. Lea. Desh. Chenu. O -o - Han. stagnalis. Con. a. Unio fasciola? Raf. wm, Unio Ogeecheensis. Con. 2 _ o > Unio fasciolus. Con. -iiUst.' C Unio ligamentina. Desk. ~ G*Clarkianus. Lea. M " Mc:! | > | *doliaris. Lea. * | crocatus. Lea. Chenu. Z Z; Tssaxeus. Con. *Cambodiensis. Lea. perovalis. Con. Han. *affinis. Lea. *capsaeformis. Lea. Con. Han. Mauritianus. Lea. *deviatus. Anthony. *cariosus. Say. Bar. Goulcl. Linsley. Dekay. Potier. Sh.E. & Hat. atn. urdigulus. Lea. Unio cariosa.2 Lam. Unio ovata. Valen. *Florentinus. Lea. Unio luteola. Con.; not of Lam. Unio sacculus. Anth. Unio oratus. Con. Lampsilis cariosa. Stimpson. (Agass. *Greenii.3 Han. Con. MSS.) Mya cariosa. Eat. *simplex. Lea. 1 Mr. Say considers capax as a variety of cardium, Raf., of ventricosus, Bar., of occidens, Lea, and subovatus, Lea, while Mr. Conrad considers it as occidens, Lea. Capax is a perfectly distinct species, and I had considered it so for some years before-either Dr. Green or I described it. He preceded me a short time, of which I was not aware, as it was published in an unusual periodical for such matter. 2 U. cariosa, Lam. (Var. 2), is the Alas. marginata, Say. 3 The description and figure in Mr. Conrad's Monograph differ from those in his New Fr. Wat. Shells. UTNIO. 43 OVAL. OVAL. *fiavescens.l Lea. *Rutersvillensis. Lea. *pictus. Lea. Han. *Topekaensis. Lea. fulcatns. Lea. *planicostatus. Lea. %spatulatus. Lea. *pallescens. Lea.patlatus. *Anthonyi. Lea. *perpastus.. Lea. *ligamentinus. Lam.3 Kiist. I;| Mortonicus. Reeve. | Unio crassus Say. Bar.4 Hild. 0 i t. IHan. Tennesseensis. Lea. Chenu. Unio ellipticus. Bar. Hild. w *itrnts La Ce. HUnio carinatus. Bar. 0 0 H; I *interruptus. Lea. Chenu. HEan. i. Mya ellptica. Eat. o I Unio teenatus. Con. Han. M3ya carinata. Eat.:_ Z7mUUnio latiradiatus. Con. ya crassa. Eat. muz^~ A-m~ N~ ~~JfMya gravis. Wood. z*Menkianus.2 Lea. Chenu. Han. Uniofasciatus. Con.5 Kiist. *bracteatus. Gould. *exactus. Lea. *Lindsleyi. Lea. *purus. Lea. *punctatus. Lea. *cognatus. Lea. *Stonensis. Lea. *Plantii. Lea. *venustus. Lea. Chenu. *orbiculatus. Hild. KTirti. HJan. Unio abruptus.6 Say. Desh. *exiguus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio crassus. Con. 1 This may be a variety of Greenii, Lea. 2 Koch and Dunker described a fossil species (Menkei) in 1837: Beitrage zur Kenntniss, p. 58. My species was described in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1836, and must therefore have precedence. 3 Having recently had access to Retzius's work (1788), I find that he described a European Unio under the name of crassus, which species had been admitted into our systems under the name of crassissimus, Fer., I now restore it to its proper place under the name of crassus. Mr. Say described his crassus as having "waves;" but his figure, inside view only, certainly is a species without "waves." Deshayes thinks that U. ligamentinus is analogous to U. multiradiatus, and probably a young individual of it. This is not likely to be the case, however. The species are very different. 4 Mr. Barnes made eleven varieties of crassus; most of which were, no doubt, distinct species; some were plicate. 5 Mr. Conrad thinks the crassus of Say is fasciata of tRafinesque. An examination of his description ought to satisfy any one that-the crassus of Say could not have been under the eye of the author when he made his description of fasciata. 6 The specimen figured by Say, in Amer. Conch. No. 2, is a female shell. The male shell is not abrupt at the posterior margin. 44 N Io. OVAL. OVAL. ~pinguis. Lea. *tener. Lea. Chenu. Australis. Lain. Phil.l Desh. Han. *Prevostianus. Lea. Hyridella Australis. Swain. *modioliformis. Lea. Han. *Hfydianus. Lea. Chenu. Adams. Han. *tenerus. Rav. Han. *approximus. Lea. *perpictus. Lea. *Aztecorum. Phili. *radiatus. Lam. Bar. Desh. (Ency. *Claibornensis. Lea. Chenu. Han. Ver. T. 2.) Menke. Gould. LinszSZ I~~?<^/ | ley. Migh. Dekay. Kiist. Han. * Powellii. Lea. P Unio Virginiana. Lam. Menle. ~ oa~~ o^~ S~ ^Unio obliquiradiatus. Reeve. I' *Reeveianus. Lea. o UnIo raiatus6 Speng., = 7Unio cdistans. Anth. * luteolhs. Lam. Dekay. Han. ya radiata. Grmel. Wood. Dill. tn ~ Unio siliquoideus.2 Bar. Con. Adams. Schrei. Eat. ~ KiIst. Myaa oblongata. Wood. Unio inflatus. Bar.3 /lfy3a pictorumz tenuis. Chem. Unio melinus. Con. Lampsilis radiatta. Stimpson. (Agass. Unio rosaceus. Dekay. MSS.) Lanpsilis siliquoide.4 Stimp. (Agass. MSS.) Jordanicus. Bourg. Mous. lya inflata. Eat. Unt o Grelloisianus. Bourg. Mya siliquoidea. Eat. *apicinus. Lea. Childreni.5 Gray. Gontierii. Bourg. [ pulcher. Lea. Chenu. Han. *Bruguierianus. Bourg. 1 Dr. Philippi figures a Unio under the name of Australis, Lam. (Conchylien, Tab. 5, Fig. 5), from New Holland, and says that U. ambiguus, Parreyss, is the young. I didc not see Lamarck's Australis, when in Paris; it was not in the Museum. 2 Mr. Say makes siliquoideus the same with viridis, Raf. Ferussac, in his cabinet, makes it the same with fasciata, Raf. Mr. Conrad makes it the same with vittata, Raf. Ferussac, in his "Observations," states the inextricable difficulty resulting from the confusion caused by Mr. Rafinesque. See " Observations," p. 13, in Magazin de Zoologie. 3 Described from a female luteolus, Lam. 4 Prof. Agassiz says, in MSS. cited by Mr. Stimpson, that this is not identical with the Ohio River species usually called U. siliquoideus; but I think they are the same. 5 I have never seen this species, but presume, from the figure in Griffitll's Cuvier, very poor as it evidently is, that it is a distinct species. In the index, Mr. Gray inserts, in brackets (Unio Chinensis), and says it has small compressed teeth. The figure looks something like a Monocondyloea, D'Orbigny. 6 Spengler, in Skriv. Nat. Hist., v. 3, cites radiatus from aiiller, and as coming from the East Indies. If from that part of the globe, it cannot belong to this species. U o 0. 45 OVAL. OVAL. Unio orientais. Bourg. Aucklandicus. Gray. *regularis. Lea. Chenu. Mdispar. Lea. *Paraguayensis. Lea. *concestator. Lea. Swinhoei. Ht. Adams. Reeve. *lienosus.2 Con. Kiist. IIan. *amcenus. Lea. Chenu. *calliginosus. Lea. *Sapotalensis. Lea. Chenu. *firmus. Lea. *Oregonensis. Lea. *Nashvillensis.2 Lea. Han. *Medellinus.l Lea. Chenu. IHan. *contiguus. Lea. * notatus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *umbrans. Lea. 0 0 z z *micans. Lea. *c. intercedens. Lea. perlucens. Lea. * fallax. Lea. ^ *subangulatus. Lea. *obscurus. Lea. 0 0 *sparus. Lea. * genuinus. Lea. *Veracruzensis. Lea. *Zieglerianus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *scitulus. Lea. *proximus. Lea. *Goascoranensis. Lea. *nitens. Lea. *gracilior. Lea. *Copei. Lea. *obfuscus. Lea. *Pybasii. Lea. *rutilans. Lea. *proprius. Lea. *subellipsis. Lea. *tenebricus. Lea. *datus. Lea. *Prattii. Lea. 1 Mr. Say's purpuriatus and this may be the same. I have never seen his specimens, and there is no figure. The description is in the Disseminator, Jan. 1, 1831. 2 Mr. Conrad, in his Monograph of Unionidme, p. 61, considers Nashvillensis, Lea, to be the same with lienosus, Con.; but the former shell is certainly not the species figured by him pi. 34, f. 2. 12 46 UNIo. r (OVAL. ( OVAL. *Vanuxemii. Lea. Chenu. Fellmani. Desh. *constrictus. Con. *Binneyi. Lea. *placitus. Lea. *utriculus. Lea. *buxeus. Lea. *lamellatus.l Lea. Chenu. Blan. *concavus. Lea. curatus. Lea. *sudus. Lea. *viridiradiatus. Lea. *radians. Lea. *consobrinus. Lea. * difficilis. Lea. Layardii. Blan. O o pniceus. Hald. P*Menzieni2 Gray. O. 1 O.O E * I Gouldii e. e. Keraudreni. Eyd. Blan. S x *delodontus. Lam. Chenu. Hupe. * Ferussacianus. Lea. o Han. I Tnio lacteolus. Lea. D'Orb. *Delesserti. Bourg. *piger. Lea. eucirrus. Bourg. 3fabaceus. Lea. Bagdadensis. Bourg. *Ugruguayensis. Lea. *Vescoi. Bourg. Unjo Swerzenbackii. Bourg. *apprimus. Lea. v s versus. Lea. Unio inornatus.3 Han. Reeve. *Moussonianus. Lea. *contradens. Lea. tHan. luteus. Lea. Blan. Unio Javanus. Lea. Chenu. Unjo exilis.? zDunk. *Monroensis. Lea. Unio mutatus. Mouss. Blanford considers this a variety of marginalis, but they are certainly distinct. I have some from Madras, and I doubt if Mr. B. has ever seen the species. 2 This remarkably compressed species was given to me by Mr. McAndrews, of Liverpool, under this name. I am not aware where Mr. Gray has described it. 3 Inornatus being preoccupied by me, I change this to versus, not being able to call it after Mr. Hanley or Mr. Reeve, both names being preoccupied by me. UNIO. 47 OVAL. OVAL. *Bengalensis. Lea. Chenu. Blan.' *Batavus. Hat. and Ract. Lam. Nils. Han. Pfeif. Rossm. Flem. Stein. Bouch. An. purpurea. Valen. Puton. Potier. Dup. Brown. An. Chinensis. Kiist.2 Desh. Menke. Mor. Goupil. Unio verecundus. Gould. Waard. Chenu. Fitz. Gras. Grat. Siemasc. Gerst. Brot. *locellus. Lea. Ioq. Mlya pictorum. Chem. Schrbeter. *prunoides. Lea. Monta. Mya ovalis.4 Soland. Lpeuiris. Kea Mya Batava. Wood. Maton. D)il. Jpecullaris. Lea..peduhiari ~My sca Batava. Turton. Unio ater. Nils. Ross. Bourg. Maq. 4 | evitatus. Lea. g Urn}Unio riparia. Pfeif. Menke. I0,z~~~~~~ oQS~~ UUnio pictorum. Drap., P1. 11, Fig. 3. *pilatus. Lea. Uniofusculus. Zeigler. Miihl. Fitz. XW^~.E~ X~.>~ UUnio gibba. Muhl. Pfeif. cLeruleus. ea. Ben. Chenu. Blan. I Unio Labacencis. Pfeif. Miuhl. " BHan. Schmidt. Unio Gerbidoni. Eyd. Blan. Uno reniformis. Schmidt. Rossm. Potier. 0 *inornatus. Lea. Unio fuscus. Zeig. Pfeif. Unio consentaneus. Zeig. Rossm. *parcus. Lea. Schmidt Unio amnicus. Zeig. Rossm. Po~Wilson ~ii.. -Lea. tier. Schmidt. Bourg. W ilsonii. Lea. Unio Carynthiacus. Zeig. Rossm. Potier. Schmidt. substriatus. Lea. Unio decurvatus. Rossm. Potier. Schmidt. Bourg. *olivarius. Lea. Ben. Chenu. Blan.3 Unio sinuatus. Stud. Han. Unio planus. Stud. Unio dilatatus. Stud. *Nuttallianus. Lea. Blan. Unio Moquinianus. Dup. Merm. Rossm. Grat. Moq. *Gabonensis. Kiist. Unio atrovirens. Schmidt. I Mr. Blanford says it is a very peculiar variety of marginalis, and on the same page, says it is nearer to corrugatus than to marginalis! Also that it probably is not Indian, but "has better claims to distinction than most of Lea's species." It is very difficult for me to understand how any one, even with a little experience, can confound this species with any other, it is so very different. I doubt if Mr. B. has ever seen the species. It is not from the Ganges, but from Manilla, from whence many specimens were brought by Corn. Wilkes' Expedition. 2 The figure by Kiister has teeth, and cannot be an Anodonta. I think it must be the same as Bengalensis. 3 Mr. Blanford doubts if this be not the same with cxruleus, but they are different without doubt. 4 Fide Dillwyn. 48 UNIO. OVAL. OVAL. Unio merdiger. Walsh. *coruscus. Goucl. Unio argens. Kiist. Unio badius. Kokeil. Schmilt. *pygmaeus. Lea. Unio Kurrii. Kiister. Unio Retzii. Kuiister. *pusillus. Lea. Unio Nessorynchus. Held. Unio tristis. Morelet. *lucidus. Lea. Unio piscinalis. Zeig. Rossm. Unio rubens. Menke. Rossm. *fuscatus. Lea. Unio rugatus. Menke. Rossm. Unio Bandinii. Kist. Rossm. *perpurpureus. Lea. Unio Hispanicus. Moquin. Rossm. Graells. Bourg. occultus. Lea. Unio Sandrii. Villa. Rossm. Bourg. T UmUnio destructilis. Villa. G *spadiceus. Lea. So Unio Moulinsianus. D)up. Grat. o Unio pruinosus. Schmidt. *luridus. Lea. E a Unio subdentatus. Zieg. Rossm. Unio vitreus. Stenz. z' *Cumberlandicus. Lea. Chenu. Ican. Unio Maceerthyanus. Bourg. Unio Byzantinus. Parr. *Jonesii. Lea. Urnio orientalis.'? Parr. linguseformis. Lea. *Mosulensis. Lea. *Smithii.4 Gray. *Caffer. Krauss. vibex. Con. Han. *Africanus. Lea.2 *iMuhlfeldianus. Lea. Chenu. Reeve. Durieui. Desh. Han. Ravoisieri. Desh.3 *creperus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *Bucklyi. Lea. *glaber. Lea. Chenu. Han. Liebmanni. Phili. *discrepans. Lea. 1 Very much the form of MI Batavus, Lam., and may prove to be the same. Voy. de la Mer Morte, par Saulcy, 15th liv., p. 78. 2 Prof. Krauss informs me that he thinks this is only the young of his Caffer. But not having seen each other's specimens, there remains at least a doubt of it. S This and the previous species are very much like Batavus, and may prove only well-markecld varieties. The species in Algeria seems to be very much the same with those of the opposite side of the Mediterranean in France and Spain. The land shells vary little in species, but the species are finer and larger in Algeria. fNever having seen this shell, I place it here on the authority of Mr. Gray.-See his figure in Griffith's Cuvier, vol. xii. uRINo. 49 OVAL. OVAL. *fabalis. Lea. Chenu. Han. *Bealei. Lea. Unio capillus. Say, Transylvania Journal vol. v. *Haleianus. Lea. Chenu. Unio lapillus. Say, Am. Conch. No. 5. Con. *nigerrimus. Lea. 5. Con. en *paulus. Lea. Chenu. minor. Lea. corvinus. Lea. *glans.3 Lea. KiUst. Chenu. Con. Han. z *Cromwellii. Lea. 0 5 iinvolutus. Hanley. Reeve. parvus. Bar. S.. & Eat. Con. Phili. ~KJfiist. Adams. Han. nux. ea. a 8 ^ ^ fMy6a parva. Eat. S 3f1 ara Et " *cinnamomicus. Lea. *corvunculus. Lea. *Brumbyanus. Lea. *marginis. Lea. *concolor. Lea. *germanus. Lea. *moestus. Lea. Chenu. *granulatus.2 Lea. *pullus. Con. *cylindrellus. Lea. *divaricatus. Lea. Von Mar. Han. *Texasensis. Lea. *Petterianus? Uiist.4 *Bairdianus. Lea. Unio carneus. Kiist. Say and Conrad both, in their catalogues, give precedence to lapillus. Fabalis is in my Memoir read before the Am. Philos. Soc., May 7, 1830, and inserted in the Transactions; capillus was first inserted in the December number (1831) of the Transylvania Journal, and subsequently in the Amer. Conch., No. 5 (August, 1832), under the name of lapillus. Mr. Say does not mention why he changed the name on redescription. I should prefer the first, as a more descriptive name, were I to choose between the two. 2 Probably a marked variety of germanus, Lea. 3 Mr. Say doubts if the glans be not the same with parvus. I do not see how there can be any difficulty in distinguishing them. The glans is a much heavier shell, and the nacre of all the specimens I have seen is more or less purple, while that of parvus is always, I believe, white. Among many hundred specimens which have come under my notice, I have never seen one of any other color. The texture of the nacre is also totally different, the latter being more pearly than any other of our Uniones. In the epidermis and beaks they also differ essentially. Mr. Conrad describes and figures U. glans, Lea, in Monog., p. 21; but the figure is evidently not glans. It is very like some of the varieties of U. obscurus, Lea. 4 U. Petterianus and U. carneus were sent to me by Dr. Vanclembusch, of Bremen, as distinct species. I believe the latter to be the old of the former, thrown out of its normal form by much erosion at the beaks. They are from Montenegro, and may prove to be only a variety of Unio Batavus. See Kiister's edition of Martini, P1. 26, Fig. 4. 13 50 UNIo. OVAL. OVAL. *faba. D'Orb. Han. corbis. Benson. Blan. *ineptus. Lea. *Egyptiacus. Caill. Fer. Desh. Potier. H. Adams. Han. *Wynegungaensis. Lea. Blan. Unio eucyphus. Boury. *Burroughianus. Lea. D'Orb. HTupe. Guadechaudii. EycL Blan. Von Mart. Han. *Bonneaudii.S Eyd. Blan. *vestitus. Lea. OBLONG. *Wheatleyanus. Lea. *brevidens. Lea. Chenu. -lan. z~ " 7^Unio interruptus. Con. *rudus. Lea. *TeHmatnsi L *tetralasmus. Say. -Desh. Con. Han. *Tecomatensis. Lea. *trifidus. Lea. *discusl Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio Panacoensis. V. d. Busch. camptodon. Say. an. *camptodon.5 Say. Ilan. Phili. Ph~ili. 0 ~~~~~~~Unio declivis.6 Con. Unio Mfexicanus. Sow. Reeve. Uno Sayii. Tappan. Con. Unio electrinus. Reeve. *simus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio rhomboideus. Dr. Ward's MSS. Unio subcroceus. Con. *plancus. Lea. *Columbensis. Lea. multidentatus. Phili. Jamesianus. Lea. *Niloticus. Caill. Fer. Desh. Han. Menke. Potier. Chenu. *obesus. Lea. Han. Hya pictorum. Forka6l. Unio rivularis. Con. Unio pumilis. Zieg. Unio Pareyssi. Phili. *Bissellianus. Lea. Unio discus is found in Moctizuma River, Central America, and occurs white, and beautifully salmon color, as well as purple. 2 Very like U. Niloticus, Fer., and may be only a variety. I am very much inclined to think Bonneaudii will prove to be the same with Niloticus. Tetralasmus will, I think, prove to be a large and perfect camptodon, Say. This fine shell, as well as tetralasmus, both of which are Mr. Say's, seem to have been overlooked in the formation of his catalogue. They are described in his Amer. Conchology. I have never seen the shell he calls tetralasmus-they may possibly prove to be the same. 6 The shell in the Academy of Nat. Sci., described and figured by Mr. Conrad, in his Monography, p. 45, as declivis, Say, I consider to be a middle-aged camptodon, Say. This, however, is not the opinion of all our conchologists. Professor Kirtland, in his Ohio report, says that a shell answering Say's description of declivis is found in some of the tributaries of the Scioto River. This is the shell since described by Judge Tappon as U. Sayii, but which I have always believed to be camptodon. UNIO. 51 OBLONG. r OBLONG. *Jewettii. Lea. *Roswellensis. Lea. *squalidus. Lea. *Postellii. Lea. *Pawensis. Lea. *exolescens.' Gould. Blan. *hebes Lea. Prusii. Bourg. "~hebes. ~Lea. *Peguensis. Anth. *quadrilaterus. Lea. *jejunus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *indefinitus. Lea. *complanatus. Solan. Lea. Goull. *Hopetonensis. Lea. Chenu. Adams. Han. Linsley. Dekay. Stimpson. Migh. Gerst. zy *fraternus. Lea. f Mya complanata. Soland. Dill. 3 z JfMya rigida. WVood. *Cuvierianus. M-iya purpurea. Eat. * "Cuvierianus. Lea.; n.7m.Unio violaceus. Spengler. E-i C L e Unio purpureus. Say. Bar. Con. 8 Charlottensis. Lea. o ZSi^ ~s~~.^1~~. > Unio rarisulcata. Lam. Menke. G=r^~~~~ x2^~~~ Unio coarctata. Lam. Menke. *Savannahensis. Lea. * 2Savannahensis. Lea. TUnio purpurascens. Lam. Desh.3 1<^~~~ w;^~~~~H Menke. Potier. 0 @C*Weldonensis. Lea. Unio rhombula. Lam. Unio carinifera. Lam. *Gastonensis. Lea. Unio Georgina. Lam. Unio glabrata Lam. *humerosus. Lea. Unio sulcidens. Lam. Chenu. Unio fluviatilis. Green. *nubilus. Lea. Unio tortuosus. Sow. Reeve. *Mecklenbergensis. Lea. *Northamptonensis. Lea. *Baldwinensis. Lea. *percoarctatus. Lea. *Roanokensis. Lea. Chenu. Han. *squameus. Lea. *macer. Lea. planilaterus. Con. *Neusensis. Lea. *inusitatus. Lea. 1 I think this is the shell which Mr. Conrad figures in the Jl. Acacl. Nat. Sci., vol. 2, pi. 26, f. 6, but which he considered as a U. complanatus. 2 Mr. Conrad is wrong, in his "Synoptical Table," in giving Mr. Say's name precedence, makilng complanatus a synonym. 3 Deshayes, in Ency. Meth. Vers., t. 2, p. 381, No. 9. 52 UN Io. OBLONG. ( OBLONG. *cicur. Lea. *Raeensis. Lea. *cistellveformis. Lea. *salebrosus. Lea. *Orontesensis. Lea. *Uhareensis. Lea. *Livingstonensis. Lea. *viridas. Lea. *Hallenbeckii. Lea. *subinflatus. Con. *errans. Lea. *Abbevillensis. Lea. *Damascensis. Lea. *Baleighensis. Lea. viciunus. Lea. I ^*Beaverensis. Lea. o *virens. Lea. I SDvirens. Lea. _'*aberrans. Lea. z z 4 s oopacdus. Lea.; *Orphaensis. Lea. *0twes. L a0 S Catawbensis Lea. e. I cultelliformis.' Con..^~I~.^ ~~~.?723Unio depressus. Con. Not Lam. v d*viridicatus. Lea. Z f * symmetricus. Lea. *fumatus. Lea. limatulus. Con. *rostrum. Lea. *Buddianus. Lea. *hepaticus. Lea. Stuarti. Ad. & An. *subniger. Lea. ~*mequatus. Lea.*h~ *lutulentus. Gould. [equyat-us. Lea. *subflavus. -Lea. *Griffithianus. Lea. Han. suibflavus. Lea. *similis. Lea. *mediocris. Lea. *nigellus. Lea. *Valentinus. Rossm. Bourg. *denigratus. Lea. Zelebori. Fraun. 1 Unio cultelliformis is described as coming from Australia. It is so much like one of our varieties of complanatus, that I am induced to believe that some error of locality must have occurred. In a subsequent paper (J1. A. N. S., v. 2, p. 295), Mr. Conrad makes cultelliformnis a synonym to U. depressus, Lain., which he also describes and figures, pl. 26, f. 2; but I think that cultelliformis should rather be considered a synonym to comnplanatus, if it be not a true species, of which I have expressed a doubt above. NIO. 53 OBLONG. OBLONG. Mexicanus. Phili. *insulsus. Lea. *ampullaceus. Lea. Leobnubilus. Lea. *mutabilis. Lea. *Geddingsianus. Lea. Chenu. *JEthiops. Lea. *similis. Lea. *auratus. Swain. *tetricus. Lea. Niia aurata. Swain. Unio obtusa.1 Fer.2 *Whiteianus Lea. Unio cepressus. D'Orb. Unio Chiloensis. Phii.3 *.Kullethensis. Lea. Unio Gassiesii. Grat. lo'Unio fragilis. Swain. * Mardinensis. Lea.,, P atratus. Sow. Han. * * fuliginosus. Lea. U h Nid'a atrata. Swain. ikX I Niia fragilis. Swain. * paliatus. Ravenel's Letter. Unio auratus. Phili. Unio Chilensis. Gray. *Strebelii. Lea. z Z7 Unio ifoline. Phili. *camelopardilis. Lea. *lepidior.4 Lea. Unio lepidus. Lea. *Tuomeyi. Lea. *,5XCasablanc^. P.^ G*Chathamensis. Lea. *Casablanche. Phzili. *Araucanus Phi. *tortivus. Lea. Chenu. *Araucanus. Phi7l. *purpurellus. Lea. *confertus. Lea. HIan. occidentalis. Con. *legubris. Lea. Han. Watereensis. Lea. *piceus. Lea. Unio Raveneli.6 Con. Fide D'Orbigny, Mag. de Zoology, 1835. 2 D'Orbigny says this is the depressus of Lesson, and figured and described by Lesson in the Voyage de la Coquille. Now the description of Lamarck answers to the figure of Lesson, and I am disposed to think that the two are the same. I do not know where Ferussac described obtusa. 3 A specimen of U. auratus from Chiloe, South America, sent to me by Dr. Vandembusch from Bremen, was labelled U. Chiloensis, Philippi. 4 Lepidus being preoccupied by Dr. Gould for a Florida species, I propose lepidior for my species. 5 An authentic specimen was given to me by Dr. Dunker in Cassel, andc although very close to atratus, I think it will prove to be a distinct species. 6 Prof. Ravenel's name being previously used for a Unio (Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans., vol. v.), it becomes necessary to change Mr. Conracd's name, which I do, to that of the river in which it was found. 14 54I U Ix o. ( OBLONG. OBLONG. *fulvus. Lea. Han. *depressus. Lam. Less. Chenu. laist. Unio icterinus. Con. Han. Unio Balonnensis.4 Con. -rufusculus. Lea. Unio ambiguus. Phil. Unio profuyus. Goucld. *Gibbesianus. Lea. Unio Profugus. Gould. Gi~bbes~i~anu~s. Lea,. Unio Angasi. Reeve. (No. 282.)5 ^sordidus. Lea. angustus. Lam. Han. *Dariensis. Lea. Chenu. *cacao Lea. *Congareus. Lea. Chenu. Han. modestus. er. I *merus. Lea. *suavidicus. Lea. z z I Gh*Charruanusl D'Orb. famelicus. Gould. - E. E- I ^G*Couchianus. Lea. ~ ~ rhuacoicus. D'Orb. Von Jfar. OCs Wi, a *litoralis. Dra am. a. ill. Pfeif. *neglectus. Lea. Rossm.6 Des Moul. Grat. Brard. v2m^~~ r/^~~~z Desh. Cuv. Maton and Racket. o *slubplanus. Con. Bouil. Gras. Bronn. More. Mermet. Gassies. Goupil. Dupuy. manubius. Gould.2 Puton. Potier. Graells. Mouss. Han. Caill. Mdeclivis. Say. Desh. Kiist. Han. Unio crassus. Nil. Phili. Menke. Unio geometricus.3 Lea. Rossm. Moq. Unio excultus. Con. Unio brevialis. Lam. Unio nana. Lam. Dup. Bourg. *paludicolus. Gould. Unio subtetragona. Mich. Dup. Merm. Graells. Gras. *Blandingianus. Lea. Kist. Unio incurvus. Lea. Chenu. Unio rivicolus. Con. Unio Pianensis. Farines. Dup. Graells. *quadratus. Lea. Unio granosus. Schum. 1 The two specimens sent to me by M. D'Orbigny are much smaller than the adult figured by him in Foy. Am. Mer., and although very like delodontus, Lam., are different in outline and in some minor characters. 2 I am disposed to believe that this is only a variety of declivis, Say. I have specimens from Texas which indicate this. 3 I do not find this or declivis in Mr. Say's Synonymy. He has, however, priority. 4 In a subsequent paper, Jl. A. N. S., vol. ii. p. 295, Mr. Conrad says that, in referring the shell to depressus, Lam., I have committed "an oversight." I do not admit this, but consider myself to be correct, having long had a specimen of U. depressus in my possession, and having seen it frequently in various cabinets in Europe. 5 Mr. Reeve cites my MS. for this name. I have no recollection of it. 6 Rossmaissler, Iconographie, vol. iii. p. 36, describes a variety under the name of umbonatus. UNI O. 55 0 OBLONG. r SUBROTUND. Unio brunneus. Bonhomme. Masoni. Con. Kiist. Han. Unio lVoolwichii. Morelet. Unjo cuneatus. Jacq. *rotundatus. Lam. Han. Unio'Valentinus. Rossm. Unio suborbiculata. Lamn. Blain. Unio Astierianus. Dup a. Unrto glebuus.3 Say. Unio umbonatus. Bourg.Unio sublobosus. Lea. Unio rhomboideus. Moq. Uno rhomboideus. Moq. v l*Chickasawhensis. Lea. K 4Mysca ovata?l Turt. Mya rhomboidea. Schr. Bourg. pauperculus. Lea. SUBROTUND. *petrinus. Gould. t^o - I~*circulus. Lea. Shi. & Eat. ])esh. o >a sn~ >~ T~ ^~Ej~o*loustonensis. Lea. Chenu. Han. Mya rotunda? Wood. *Paranensis. ea. D'Orb. Han. *n Lea Chnu Han. r'z Unio Solisiana (junior). D'Orb. I *lens.2 Lea. Chenu. Hae. ~ Unio depygis. Con. *pereformis. Lea. *Beadleianus. Lea. *disculus. Lea. *Showalterii Lea. *bulloides. Lea. *unicolor. Lea. *funebralis. Lea. rubellus. Con. Han. L membranaceus.4 Mat. Han. X Turton's figure seems to me to be an elongate variety of littoralis, analogous to that which I described, in error, under the name of incurvus. But Forbes and Hanley say that littoralis does not now exist in the waters of Great Britain, and is only found there in the Pliocene formation, in a fossil state. If this be so, then Turton's figure must be erroneously given. 2 I have some doubts whether this should be considered more than a variety of circulus. I am not, however, sure that it is not distinct. 3 Although Mr. Say had published this shell in the Transylvania Journal, and in his Am. Conchology, he omitted it altogether in his Synonymy. He inserted other species from the vicinity of New Orleans. 4 I formerly placed this with the Anodontse, but D'Orbigny, who has seen the shell in its native waters, having placed it among the Uniones, I follow him, never myself having seen the shell. The figure of Dr. Maton (Linn. Trans., vol. x.) is without teeth, and the text says expressly " cardo edentulus." Notwithstanding this, I am inclined to believe that D'Orbigny is right, for the form of the shell is such as I have not seen in the Anodonte. Not knowing what induced M. D'Orbigny to change Dr. Maton's name, I have restored it. (Since this note was published, M. D'Orbigny, in his Voy. Am. Mer., has come to a different conclusion as regards Mytilus membranacea, Mat. He now thinks that my Anodonta lato-marginata is the same posing the figure of membranacea made by Maton to be from a young specimen. The outline is not the same, membranacea being much more rotund, and the very great difference of solidity must have its influence in our decision; lato-marginata being one of the thickest of the Anodontw. M. D'Orbigny, in Ilag. de Zool., 1835, gives Mya membranacea as a synonym to Unio Matoniana, and says the teeth are thin; but he ought to have cited it as Mlytilus, as Maton does not give Mya membranacea, but Mytilus ~membranacea. M. D'Orbigny places it now among the Anodontt, and restores Maton's specific name of membranacea, and considers my lato-marginata as a synonym. It does not appear to me, from the description and figure, that they can be the same.) 56 UNxio. SUBROTUND. SUBROTUND. 2Myt. membranacea. JIcat. *Lesueurianus. Lea. Chenu. Unio ilatoniana. D'Orb. Unio subtrapezius (junior). Phili. *Lyonii. Lea. Unio membranaceus. Phili. *Lewisii. Lea. *variabilis. Hat. Han. D'Orb. JIja variabilis.1 Mat. Wood. Dill. *nucleopsis. Con. *rotundus. SPix. Hori. *fibuloides. Lea. Diplodon rotundus. Spix.:Fontainianus? D'Orb. Htp. *Kirtlandianus.4 Lea. Han. ~Fontainianus? D' Orb. Hiue. LP ^ e4.a.1 P' Evansi. Ad. & An. Reeve. patelloides. Lea. H C pilaris. Lea. Chenu. +, Iz ]*nocturnus. Lea. I Q pilaris. Lea. Czenu. < r gratus. Lea. * dollabelloides. Lea. Chenu. 0 0 *retusus2 Lam. Con. HMenke. Kiist. *Thorntonii. Lea. fHan. Unio torsa. Raf. Sh. & Eat. Potier. *subrotundus. Lea. Chenu. lHan. Ch/enu. Uniopolitus?2 Say. uiist. Unio obtusa.3 Cuvier. Unio brevialis? Crouch. Unio cordatus (female). Kiist. Unio politus. Con. Unio cicatricosus. Reeve, Sp. 50. *ebenus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio mytiloides. Con.; not cRaf. *coccineus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio obliquus. Con. Kiist. Unio coccineus. Dr. Hildreth's Letter. Unio Gouclianus. Ward. Unio coccineus. Con. 1 The figure of this shell in the Lin. Soc. Trans., vol. x., although so much smaller a shell than Paranensis (nobis), is so much like it that I should not be surprised if they should prove to be the same. Lamarck considered this to be the same with his Hyria corrugata; but it is very different. (Since the publication of this note, I have received, from M. Moricand, a suite of specimens of Paranensis, which indicate, unquestionably, a distinct species. The beaks of rotundus, Wag., have not the strong folds on them, while the Paranensis has many elevated radiations from the beaks. The outline too of the former is more orbicular.) 2 M. Deshayes thinks this is incurvus, Say. I do not know where Mr. Say published a shell under that name. " In the recent edition of Cuvier Reg. An., by his pupils, there is a beautiful figure of U. retusus, Lam., under the name of U. obtusa Say. I am not aware that Mr. Say described a Unio under that name. The retusus, Lam., is a common, well-known, and perfectly distinct species. 4 Prof. Kirtlancl, in his Ohio Report, expresses his opinion of this being only a very fiat variety of subrotundus (nobis). 5 Mr. Conrad cites Mr. Say's table of synonymy for politus, but I am not aware of Mr. S. ever having clescribecl it. U N I O. 57 SUBROTUND. WIDE. Unio catillus.1 Con. Ieiist. Unio leprosus. M~iles. Unio cuneus? Con..Aya prOelonga. T/ood..Eat. Ligumia recta. Swain. * ornatus. Lea. ]f. Eurynea prielonga. Stimpson. *semirugatus. Lam. lenke. Chenu. (Agass. MSS.) *Emesaensis. Lea. *strigosus. Lea. Chenu. W TTWIDE.. X perstriatus. Lea. *Shepardianus. Lea. Con. K4iWst. Siamensis. Lea Chenu. Han... Poeyanus. Lea. Et Bensonii.2 Lea.. (' An. soleniformis. Ben. *PPopei. Lea. X 2Spatha soleniformis. Ben. (In lit.)s Lea C S S Xangustatus. Lea. Co70. Cohenuz..Han. r IDuttonianus. Lea. Chenu. s L. *sublatus. Lea. *folliculatus. Lea. Chenu. Han.atus. Le "latus..Lea. *rectus. Lam. Sh. & Eat. Swain. *.verutus. Lea. Adams. Han. Dekay. Potier. 7~iist. OC/enu. KDust. Chenu. ^*Ocmulgeensis. Lea. Unio pree7ongus. Barn. Hild. Unio arquatus? Con.3 *dactylus. Lea. Chlenu. Unio recta. Valen. Unio Sageri.4 Con. lanceolatus.5 Lea. Chenu. Desh. Fan. 1 The late Dr. BR. E. Griffith had in his collection a shell marked catillus, he thought by Mr. Conrad himself, but which I think was only a variety of obliquus, Lam.; certainly it is not the species figured by Mr. Conrad. In a letter from Dr. Ward in 1836, he says, " U. catillus runs into coccineus, so that Mr. Conrad would be puzzled to part the species in my collection. They are only varieties of the same species." 2 A single old valve (diam..7, length 1.5, breadth.6 inches) was submitted to me, with a complete young specimen 2.3 inches wide, by W. H. Benson, Esq., of London. The old valve is imperfect along the dorsal margin, but still there may be observed imperfect cardinal and lateral teeth. In the young specimen, the lateral teeth, while being very delicate and circular, are perfectly well defined, being double in the left and single in the right valve. As Mr. Benson's name (soleniformis, J1. Asiatic Sec., vol. v., p. 750, 1836) has already been used for a Unio, I propose Bensonii for it in honor of the discoverer, who has done so much for the Natural History of the East of Asia. 3 I have a deformed rectus so exactly like the figure given by Mr. Conrad that I cannot help thinking they are the same. 4 Mr. Conrad's figure so nearly resembles the male specimens of U. rectus, from Green Bay, in my cabinet, that I am persuaded the Sageri will not prove to be a distinct species. Drs. Kirtland and Ward, and Judge Tappan, consider it a variety of gibbosus of Barnes. In Mr. Conrad's Synopsis (1852) he seems to have abandoned the name, as he has not inserted it there. 5 I. Deshayes (2d edit. Lamarck) doubts if lanceolatus be not the young of anodontoides, "'of Say." (Anodontoides was not described by Mr. Say, but by myself.) The first has been found only in the waters east of the Alleghany Mountains, the last only in the western waters. There cannot be a doubt of their being distinct species. In size they differ altogether. 15 58 UxNI O. WIDE. WIDE. *viridulus. Lea. Unio ovalis. Retz. Flem. Sow. Villa. Brown. Gray. Caill. *anodontoides. Lea. Kirtl. Chenu. Hya ovalis. Jonta. Adacms. Han. Hya ovata. Don. Hiat. Wood. Dill. Unio teres? Raf. ifya depressa. Don. Unio teres. Con. Mysca solica. Turt. Mysca ovata. Swain. *rasus. Lea. Unio nodulosa. Lam. Henke. Unio Michaudiana? Des iJoul. Dup. parallelopipedon. Lea. D'Orb. Han. Unio ovata. Studer. Bouil. ilienke. o 2C Fitz. z aclutrostris. Lea. Unio rostrata. Stud. Unio Limagne. Bouil. *platyrhynchus.l Rossn. Schmidt. Unio sol'ila. Vi Unio solida. Villa. a S ^Potier. Por. Vi lla. HaBouch. h " =j Unio arcuatus. Bouch. *Cailliaudii. Fer. H. Adamns. Cilidi. Fe. H. Ads *pictorumn. Retz. Speng. Lam. Cuv. Unio (ithophagus. Zi'eq. tc3.Unio Mtithoipuaus. ill. Pfei f. Drap. Bosc. Don. z^ ~Unio teretiusculus. Phil. Blain. Crouch. Flemn. Des Aioul. *Ingallsianus. Lea. Grat. Bouil. Henke. Nils. Stein. $Ingallsianus. Lea. Brard. Brown. Puton. Desh. Po*sagittarius. Lea. Von lclart. tier. Por. Dup. Klees. Merm. ]ii st. Alder. Graells. Villa. *tumidus.2 Retz. Speng. Schum. Nils. Forbes. Schmnidt. Rossm. Guerin. Pfeif. Villa. Rossm. Brown. Iorelet. Gras. Goupil. Bouch. Henke. Stein. Put. Potier. Dup. Schrenk. Fisch. L. JVaard. Fitz. Forbes. Houss. Fitz. Han. Hoq. HMidd. Gras. Gerst. H. & A. Caill. Adams. Moq. Han. Caill. 1 This is a curious and very interesting shell which I received from Vienna. Its habitat is Carynthia. It may be only a remarkable variety of pictorum, Retz. Such is the opinion of some of the German malacologists. 2 The tumidus, Retzius, is, I think, without doubt, the same as ovalis, Retzius, and other European authors. But, Retzius having described tumidus before ovalis, the former name must take priority. Prof. Mousson gave me in Zurich a specimen of this species, which, he says, came from Java. 3 The well-known Unio pictorum of European authors, so widely distributed throughout that quarter of the globe, has been the fruitful source of trouble and perplexity to naturalists who have studied this branch of Malacology. I have seen no reason to change my opinion, since the publication of the last edition of this Synopsis, as to the synonymy, which, unfortunately, is still going on to increase, to the great embarrassment and injury of this branch of the science. I am well aware that some able writers in Europe have endeavored to stem this tendency to multiply so dreadful a synonymy, such as U. pictorum and An. cygnea present; and I find in the admirable work of Forbes and Hanley (now nearly finished), on the Malacology of Great Britain, ideas which are so entirely parallel with my own, that I cannot refrain from making the following extract. They say they "dclo not observe in Rossmaessler figures of continental forms of this polymorphal shell, any of which our islands do not exhibit a nearly analogous representation. If a certain platitude of language be demanded in a description of the preceding species, far more requisite is it that our diagnosis of the present one should be sufficiently exclusive," p. 144. (See note on An. cygnea.) UNIO. 59 ( rWIDE. W'IDE. Mya pictorum. Lin. llii. Born. Unio limosus. Ni. Rossm. Poli. Schrot. Pennant. Dill. Unio longirostris. Zeigl. Potier. Wood. Mat. Schreib. Da Cost. Por. Rossm. Villa. Schmidt. Alten. Unio lemovicense. Fer. Mlenke. Musculus angustior. List. Hist. Ani- Unio retusus. Held. malia, p. 149. Unio ventrosus. ]uiister. fya corrugata Mlaroccana.' Chem. Unio levigatus. Kiister. - margaritica. Klein. Unio latirostris. Kiister. augusta. Klein. Unio concinnus. Kiister. Long thick horse mussel. Petiv. Unio corrosus. Villa. Por. Mya nodosa. MIartini. Lin. Schreib. Unio Spinelli. Villa. Wood. Dill. Unio pallens. Parreyss. Kiist. Mysca pictorum. Turt. Unio dactylus. Mforelet. v; ~ ZPotomida sicula. Swain.2 Unio mucidus. Morelet. 0 Unio delphinus. Speng. Unio arcuatus. Bouch. Dup. Unio inflatus. Stud. Unio Ardusianus. Reynies. P ^ Unio rostratus. Lam. Pfeif. Miich.. Unio lfuelleeri.4 Rossm. -S < I.Desh. Bouil. Gras. Puton. 0 O Unio ponderosus. Spitzi. Jossm. 4 ~I ~Potier. Brown. Villa. laard. Unio graniger. Zieg. Chenu. Fitz. Gras. Unio decipiens. Zieg. MSS. Bourg. Unio manca. Lam. llfillet. Dup. | Unio Nathusii. Kliist. C Bourg. 0 Unio vindiflavus. Kiist. Unio castaneus. fMul. Unio Petrovichii. Kiist. Unio elongatulus. JfUihl. Rossmn. Unio dubius. Fitz. Potier. Por. Dup. Villa. Unio Ronsii. Dup. Unio Turtonii. Payr. Desh. Phili. Unio proechus. Bourg. Dup. Bourg. Unio actaphilus. Bourg. Unio lobatata. De Cr. and J.3 Unio vulgaris. Stab. Unio Capigliolo. Payr. Desh. More. Unio Blauneri. Shutt. Stab..Dup. Rossm. Grat. Hfoq. Unio subreneformis. Bourg. Unio Requienii. lfich. Rossm. Gas- Unio Penchinatianus. Bourg. sies. Potier. Dup. Gras. Grat. Unio Graellsianus. Bourg. Mous. Bourg. Stab. Moq. Unio Courquinianus. Bourg. Unio Deshayesii. Mich. Desh. Rossm. Brown. Gras. Grat. *elongatulus. Pfeif. Han. Unio platyrinchoideus. Dup. Bourg. Unio Arade. Phili. 1 Chemnitz figures this shell, vol. vi. table 3, Figs. 23 and 24. From the description and outline, I have little doubt of its being a young pictorum, more than usually undulated in the region of the beaks. Its being rugose over the whole surface, as mentioned by him, is not evidence against its being such. As the first growth subsequently forms the beak of the shell, it ought of course to be rugose, if that be the character of the shell. The inside view is without teeth, but this is doubtless the fault of the draftsman or engraver, as the author speaks of the hinge being like the common mussel. 2 I suspect this will prove to be the same as elonyatulus, Pfeif., which may itself be only a var. of pictorum. SwainsQn and Pfeiffer obtained them from Sicily. 3 Fide Philippi. Michaux's figure has more the appearance of U. Batavus. 4 I think this will be found to be a deformed pictoruam. 60 UNIo. WIDE. WIDE. Unio Gargottie. Phili. l-ore. Gerst. *naviculoides. Lea. Rossm. *perlatus. Lea. *Moreleti.l Desh. *Hazlehurstianus. Lea. *sagittseformis. Lea. *Barrattii. Lea. *rostriformis. Lea. productus.3 Con. Kiist. Han. *gracilentus. Lea. *viridiradiatus. Lea. * nasutuS. Say. Barn. Swain. Ilan. P *pullatns. Lea. Gould. Linsi. IDekay. t Unio rostratus. Valen. *Fisherianus. Lea. CU enu. Han. w a Jfya nasuta. WTood. Eat. Eurynea nasuta. Stimpson. (Agass. Z - *nasutulus Lea. SS.) t 2 s: Eir*Emmonsii.-.Lea. w -~*Mississippiensis. Con. m c ^7Unio Cocoluensis. Reeve. *o aheneus. Lea. aquilus. Lea. | *Jayanus. Lea. C(henu. Hran. *protensus. Lea. *marginalis. Lam. Desh. Blan. Han. Unio anocontina. Lam. Blan. *extensus. Lea. Unio evanescens? ilfouss. *Burkensis. Lea. *iris.4 Lea. Desh. Chenu. Han. Unio subrostratus. Say. *oblatus. Lea. Unio nebulosus? Con. *Maconensis. Lea. *Novi-Eboraci.5 Lea. Dekay. Ch/enu. This is no doubt a good species. I have seen a very good specimen belonging to the cabinet of the Rev. Mr. Beadle, of Hartford, Conn. 2 Mr. Agassiz says that the genus Unio, Retz., is represented in this country by U. nasutus, Lam. Lamarck's nasutus is gibbosus, Bar. Mr. Say preoccupied the name nasutus in 1816. Lamarck published in 1819. In the synonymy of gibbosus, I have in all my editions of this work placed Lamarck's nasutus as a synonym to gibbosus, Bar. 3 This is probably the same as folliculatus, Lea, which latter name has precedence. 4 Mr. Say, in his Synonymy, gives iris as a synonym to his subrostratus. If they were the same, I would be entitled to precedence, as my description bears date March, 1829, while his is January, 1831. His description, however, of subrostratus does not apply to my iris, and certainly this shell could not have been under his eye when his description was made. He says that the subrostratus "may be said to be the analogue of the Unio nasutus (nobis) of the western waters." As the U. nasutus inhabits the western waters, a variety of that species may have been described by him for subrostratus. 5 Novi-Eboraci and iris are in the outlines nearly identical, but in the soft parts there are differences which I have pointed out in the Journal of the Academzy Nat. Sciences, vol. v., N. S., and Observations on Unio, vol. x. UNIO. 61 r WIDE. f (WIDE. Unio opalinus. Anth. snubgibbosus. Lea. *fatuus.. L ean. en. contractus. Lea. *tenuissinlus. Lea. Hcan. *arctior. ea. Chenu. e Han. Symp. tenuissina. Lea. Le. S. Eact. An. puwpourascens. Siwain. *Tabascoensis. Paibi. Unio velum. Say. Unio leptodon. Con. *Patagonicus. D'Orb. Han. *bilineatus. Lea. Ben. Blan. Han. *Vaughanianus. Lea. Chenu. cHan. Symp. bilineata. Lea, in Trans. Am. Unio Carolinensis. Prof. Ravenel's P. S. Letter. P4 *Corrianus. Le. Blan. Han. OBOVATE. z o *purpuratlus. Lam. Potier. Han. *Mercerii. Lea. F|~Merce~rii. Lea. P^ || Hiyaventricosa.4 Solan. Hum2hreys? - * L.5 o Unio ater. Lea. Desh. Chenu. O orientalis. Lea. Chenu. O Unio lugubris. Say. Unio ProdueCtus. Miouss. r;:RUnio p -ro.ductus. OU?1SS.. Unio Poulsoni. Con. I3 Unio Sumatrensis. Fide Martens. Naicdactra. Swain. o *phaseolus. Hild. Sh. & Eat. Han. er e. Lea. Unzo planulatus. Lea. Desh. Chenu. Unio cuneatus.3 Barn. (White var.) *dolosus. Lea. *rufus. Lea. *biangulatus. Lea. Chenu. arcus. Con. Han. rhombeus. Wag. Han. ^.,,. cy; p-r rr 7 Dipl~oldon rhombeum. Spix. *gibbosus. Bar. Sh. & Eat. ld.D oon ombeum. Sx. Hlan.'*cuprinus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio mucronatus. Bar. Unio metallicus.5 Say. Unio nasuta. Lam. Cuv. Unio wreus. Reeve. Unio dilatata? Raf. Unio dilatatus. Con. Kiist. *Beskeanus. Diin. Mfya gibbosa. Eat. Mya mucronata. Eat. *Brownii. Lea.' Benson and Blanforcl both consider bilineatus and Corrianus to be different stages of growth of marginalis, Lam., and may possibly be correct. 2 In the last edition I considered this as a distinct species, but have since been satisfied that it is the same as orientalis (nobis). 3 In note to Dr. Hildreth's Memoir on the shells in the vicinity of Marietta, Ohio, published in Silliman's Journal. 4 Fide Ferussac.' Mr. Say, in his Synonymy, claims precedence. My emoir bears the cldate of May, 1830; his that of January 1, 1831. 16 62 UNIo. OBOVATE. r rARCUATE. | Sikkimensis. Lea. Unio sinuata. Retz. Lam. Children.4 -Blain. Dup. DesA. Henke. Rossm. *papyraceus. Gould. Graells. Puton. Reynies. Gassies. Grat. Moq. *Boydianus. Lea. Dekay. Chenu. Unio rugosa. Poir. Unio araris. Barbie'. Floridensis. Lea. Unio Barraudii. Bonhome. Grat. 0~ ~ Potamida sinuata. Swain. pellucidus. Lea. *decumbens. Lea. *amygdalum. Lea. 0 o ~ X*monodontus.5 Say. Sh. & Eat. Desk. *Saladoensis. Lea. Han. Izw; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r S 7Unio soleniformis. Lea. Chenu. I *lenior. Lea. Chenu. I ^~~~~~~~~m *Lazarus. Lea. E a i*hyalinus. Lea. ~.z * 8arctatus. Con. Han. " ginigrinus. Lea. p I<~~~' I I I "~*emarginatus. Lea. C/enu. Han. Tappanianus.' Lea. HEan. sz 7Unio viridis. Con. *Laonensis. Lea. *pertenuis. Lea. Being unacquainted with the following species, *foliaceus. Gould. Blan. I have deemed it best simply to insert a list of them, with the hope of their being determined at *obtusus. Lea. Chenu. a future period:ARCUATE. Unio Abyssinicus. Mart. *crassus.3 Retz. Speng. Nilss. Schrenk. Unio acuminatus. H. Adams. Unio crassissimus. Fer. Des Moul. Unio seruginosus. Morelet. Grat. Mlerm. Han. Unio Aleroni. Mass. Unio auricularius. Speng. Unio altus. Con. Unio margaritacea. Drap. Unio antiquatus. Anton. 1 A fine suite of this species has been kindly sent to me recently by Prof. Haldeman, of Columbia, Penn., taken from the Susquehanna River at that place. In most of them, I find the cardinal teeth of the left valve to be trifid, and the lateral teeth of the same valve somewhat divided. In the right valve, the cardinal tooth is nearly as long as the lateral tooth; in this taking somewhat of the character of Triquetra subviridis, Klein. (Hyria of Lamarck). 2 I am disposed to think that this may prove to be the same with Javanus (nobis). 3 See note to Margaritana margaritifera. 4 I think Mr. Children meant this species, but his figure (69) is evidently Unio alatus, Say, although he cites it as European. 5 This properly belongs to Margaritana. It is closely allied to M. margaritifera. See my notes on the soft parts, Observations, vol. x. p. 58, and vol. vii. p. 43. UNIO. 63 Unio aplatus. Swain. Unio imbricatus. o~Irch. Unio Bakeri. H. Adams. Unio iridescens. Con. Unio bicoelatus. Reeve. Unio Jacobanus. Phili. Unio Bigorrensis. Millet. Grat. Unio Jacqueminii. Dup. Unio Bonplandii. VaTen. Unio Jenkinsianus. Ben. Unio Boscianus. Dunker. Unio Juliani. Bang. Unio calimatorum. fMorelet. Unio laevirostris. Ben. Unio Cambojensis.l Sow. Unio Landbeckii. Phili. Unio Carniolicus. Ziegler. Potier. Unio Largillierti. Phili. Unio caudiculatus. Mart. Unio latissimus. Sow. Unio Colchaguensis. Phili. Unio Leioma. Ben. Unio conus. Speng. Unio ligula. Houss. Unio coriaceus. Dunker. Unio longidentatus. Anton. Unio crispisulcatus. Ben. Unio longus. Phili. Unio Cyamus. Phil. Unio Maccarthyanus. Bourg. Unio Damnoica. lD'Orb. Unio macilentus. Ben. Unio Danielis. Gass. Unio Massini. Jfore. Unio Demboae. Reeve. Unio megapterus. Jfore. Unio digitatus. Mforelet. Unio merdiger. Reeve. Unio diplodon. Phili. Unio Merodabensis. Vondembusch. Unio divergens.2 Benson. Unio metastriatus. Con. Unio diversus. Conrad. Unio micellus. fore. Unio Drouetii. )up. Unio micropterus. lfore. Unio ellipsiformis. Con. Unio montanus. Phili. Unio episcopalis. Trist. Unio Moravicus. Jay's Cat. Unio errosus. Jay's Cat. Unio Morini. Miorelet. Unio flavicans. Vid. Unio Mosanbicensis. Mfart. Unio Fokkesi. Dunk. Unio Moulinsianus. )Dp. Unio Foncki. Phili. Unio musivus. Speng. Unio fontanus. Con. Unio mytiloides. DesA. Unio fuligo. Reeve, Conch. Icon., No. Unio nigricans. Fits. 154, 40. Unio nitidens. Fer. Unio furvus. Con. Unio nuculinus. Phili. Unio gangrenosus. Schmidt. Unio nuperus. Zieg. Unio gibbus. Speng. Unio obtusa. Potier and Michacd. Unio glaucinus. Zieg. Por. Unio orientalis. Fer. Parr. Unio Grandensis. Con. Unio ostreatus. Morelet. Unio granulifera. Dunker. Unio Oxyrynchus. Hart. Unio Groenlandicus. Schrb. Fer. Morch. Unio pachysoma. Ben. Unio Hjalmarsoni. Dunk. Unio Paivanus. Jiore. Unio Hochstetterii. Krauss. Unio paludosus. Mforelet. Unio Hueti.3 Bourg. Unio parallelus.4 Con. Unio ianthinus. Phili. Unio Pequottinus. ]Linsley.'Mr. Boivin gave me a U. parallelopipedon under this name. 2 See note on U. Leaii. 3 Is this not a 1Monocondylea? 4 Thisisname is used by Mr. Sowerby for a fossil species, and Mr. Conrac subsequently changed it to porrectus on that account; but Mr. Sowerby has also used the latter name!! 64 UNI 0. Unio Pfeifferi. Dlunker. Unio Taumilapanus. Con. Unio Philippii. J)t. Unio testudineus. iforelet. Unio pinax. Ben. Unio testudinarius. Speng. Unio plagiosoma. Ben. Unio Theca. Ben. Blan. Unio planivalvis. looreleet. Unio triembolus. Ben. TUnio plombarius. illa. Unio trirostris. Ben. Unio porrectus. Con. Unio truncatosus. Potier. Unio prasinatus. Con. Unio truncatus. Speng. Unio preciosus. Fer. Unio uber. Con. Unio pruneosus. Zieg. Unio Valdivianus. Phii. Unio psoricus. Morelet. Unio venustus.l Mlore. Unio Pugio. Ben. Blcn. Unio vellicatus. Reeve. Unio pulchellus. Fer. Unio Teyheri. Menkce. Unio purpuriatus. Scay. Unio Zimermani. Stentz. Potier. Unio radula. Ben. Blcan. Unjio Adams. Unio rectilinearis. Sow. Unio Reyniesii. Mfich. Unio Rothi. Bourg. The following species are from the Cretaceous, Unio Rousii. J)up. Tertiary, &c.: Unio rugosus. Anton. Unio Schlegelii. Martens. Unio abbreviatus. Goldfuss. Unio Schwerzenbachii. Bourg. Unio abductus. Phill. Unio Scobina. Ben. Blan. Unio acutus. (Anthracosta. Kaing.4) Sow. Unio scutulatus. tMorelet. Flem. Unio scutum. Sow. Reeve. Unio aduncus. Sow. Hart. JUnio semiplicatus. Troschel. Unio agrestis. Brown. Unio semiquadrata. Sow. Unio alseformis. Brown. Unio Seneltensis. Gass. Unio alatoides. Lea. Unio Sennaarensis. Kiist. Unio Alpinus. Mathte. Brown. Unio simonis. Trist. Unio ambiguus. Sow. Unio Sitifensis. fodrch. Unio amygdala. Brown. Unio smaragdites. Ben. Unio angustatus. Bronn. Mus. StrasUnio solidulus. Phili. burg. Unio spheniopsis. Morelet. Unio anodontodes. Noul. Unio Steveniana. Krynicli. Unio Ansticei. (Myacites. Bronn.) Sow. 1 This name being preoccupied by me, and the name of Morelet being already used by Deshayes, I propose the name of oblitus for it. 2 Deshayes, in Jacquemont's Voy. to India, t. xviii. Fig. 3, gives an Iridina (new), and the Unio corrugatus, marginalis and coeruleus? without names or descriptions! In a catalogue of fresh water and land shells, Ferussac says that a Unio (species uncertain) was found in Berg River near the Cape of Good Hope. 3 M. De Koninck, Foss. de Carb. de Belgique, has made a new genus (Cardinia) in which he places abbreviatus, robustus, carbonarius, antiquus, subconstrictus, uniformis, acutus, atratus, phaseolus, and tellinarius. Pictet, in Traite Palseontologie, says he has never found the family anterior to the Wealden, v. iii. p. 528. 4 Mr. King formed this genus in 1844, for the Uniones of the Coal Formation. It is supposed there are forty species known. UNIO. 65 Unio antiquior. Strickcand. Unio flabellifer. NToul. Unio antiquus. Sow. llMarlt. Darreut. Unio Galloprovincialis. ilfathe. Bronn. Unio antistrophodonta. Lamo. Bronn. Unio Gardannensis. Jcathe. -Bronn. Unio Aquensis. lcfath. Unio Gibbsii. Forbes. Unio aquilina. Sow. Unio grandis. Held. Bronn. Unio atavus. Partch. Bronn. Unio granosus. S. Wood. Unio atratus. Golcdfuss. Unio Gualterii. Fitton. Unio Austenii. Forbes. Unio Haydeni. MAeek. Unio Batavus. Pfeif. Bronn. Unio Hubbardii. Gabb. Unio Bosquinianus. Mathe. Bronn. Unio humerosoides. Lea. Unio breviplicatus. Noul. Unio Hunteri. Hislop. Unio carbonarius. Bronn. Unio hybridus. Sow. Flern. Unio cariosoides. Lea. Unio imbricatus. lislop. Unio Carteri. Hislop. Unio incerta..If. ce Serr. Unio centralis. Bronn. Unio incurvus. S. iVood. Unio compressus. Sow. Jlant. Unio Kirchbergensis.4 K]rauss. Unio concentricus. Golclf. Bronn. Unio Lacazeana. )Dup. Unio concinnus. Sow. Flem. Unio lsevis. Eichw. Bronn. Unio convexus.l Roem. Bronn. Unio Lartetii. Noul. Unio cordiformis. Sow. liant. Unio lateralis. Brown. Unio Cornuelianus. D'O rb. Unio latiplicatus. Noul. Unio costatus. Golclf. Unio Lavateri. Goldf. Bronn. Unio crassissimus.2 Sow. Flem. Unio Laymontianus. Noul. Unio crassiusculus. Sow. Flem. Unio Levedensis. Brown. Unio Cuvieri. Mcathe. Bronn. Unio liasinus. Schub. Unio cyreniformis.3 Desh. Unio ligamentoides. Leca. Unio Danai. Jleee & c Hayden. Unio Listeri. Sow. Fleim. Unio Deccannensis. Sow. Bronn. Unio littoralis. Drap. Bronn. Unio depressus. Sow. Unio Malcolmsonii. Hislo2p. Unio Deweyanus. Jfeek & Haycden. Unio mamillatus. Hislop. Unio diluvii. D'Orb. Unio Mandelslohi. Dunk. Unio distortis. Bean. Unio Mantellii. Fitton. Unio dolobratus. Sow. Unio margaritiferus. Horn. Bronn. Unio Draparnaldi. Desh. Unio Martinii. Fitton. Unio edentulus. Braun. Bronn. Unio Menkei. Koch. Unio Eichwaldianus. IKeyser. Bronn. Unio minutus. Pusch. Bronn. Unio elongatus. Fisch. Bronn. Unio modiolaris. Sow. Unio Enbletoni. Brown. Unio Moldaviensis. Hborn. Unio Eseri.4 ]Krauss. Unio Moravicus. H6o-n. Unio exoletus. Brown. Unio nana. l. Wood. Unio flabellatus. Gol[df. Bronn. Unio nasutoides. Lea. 1 Referred to by Deshayes, Trait. Elem., vol. ii. p. 215. 2 This name was preoccupiecl by Ferussac, but his U. crassissimus is U. crassus, Retz., and, therefore, Sowerby's name must stand. " Deshayes, Trait. Elnem, vol. ii. p. 215, proposes this name for tumidus, Sow., the latter being preoccupied by Retzius. 4 Die Mollusken Tertiar-Formation von Kirchberg. 17 66 UNI O0. Unio Nilssoni. Koch?. Unio subrugosus. lfathe. Bronn. Unio nucalis. ieek & EHay. Unio subsinuatus. Koch. Unio nuciformis. Ili1bb. Unio subspatulatus. ileek c& Hayden. Unio Oriovacensis. Horn. Unio subtetragonus. S. TWoocl. Unio orthonotus. Con. Unio subtriangularis. Brown. Unio ovalis. (Anthracosia, King.) Turion. Unio subtrigonus. Desh. Bronn. Unio paradoxus. Fisch. Bronn. Unio subtruncatus. Fitton. Unio parallelus. Sow. Unio subtumidus.' D' Orb. Unio penultimus. Gabb. Unio sulcatus. Eichw. Bronn. Unio peregrinus. Phill. Unio suprajurensis. Robmer. Bronn. Unio petrosus. Jlort. Unio tellinarius. Goldcfuss. Unio phaseolus. Sow. Unio terrenus. Mort. Unio Phillipsii. Williams. Bronn. Unio Toulouzanii. Hathe. Bronn. Unio Pianensis. S. Tood. Unio transversalis. L. de Serr. Unio pictorum. Lam. Unio transversus. Brown. Unio pinguis. Sand. Unio trigonus2 Rbmer. Koch. Unio planus. Rdomer. Bronn. Unio truncatosa. Mich. Unio porrectus. Sow. Hcant. Unio tumnidus. Sow. Unio primigenius. Con. Unio tumulatis. Mort. Unio priscus. HMeek & Haycen. Unio turgida (Carbonicola). M' Coy. JUnio problematicus. Klip. Bronn. Unio umbonatus. Fisch. Bronn. Jnio radiatoides. Lea. Unio uniformis. Sow. FlePm. Unio Roanokoides. Lea. Unio Urii. Flem. Jnio robustus. Sow. Unio Valdensis. Mantell. Unio Romeri. Dunk. Bronn. Unio ventricosus. Bouil. Bronn. Unio rostratus. S. WTood. Unio Verae-Pacis. Tristram. Unio Rouxii. Noul. Unio vetusta. Heek. Unio saxulum. Hort. TUnio Voltzii. Koch. Unio Slavonicus. Htrn. Unio Vukontinovici. Hbrn. Unio Solandri. Sow. Ferm. Unio Walteri. Mant. Bronn. Unio splendens. Goldf. Bronn. Unio Wetzeleri. Dunk.3 -nio Staffinensis. Forbes. Unio Zelebori. brrmn. Unio striatus. Goldf. Bronn. Unio Sow.4 Unio Stricklandii. Phill. Unio strictiplicatus. Nou. Deshayes, Trait. Elem., vol. ii. p. 215, says Unio Sturi. Hbrn. M. Noulet found, in the Middle Tertiary of the Unio subconstrictus. (Anthracosia, King.) Sub-Pyrenean basin, nineteen species of fossil Sow. Flem. Uniones; but he does not give their names, nor Unio subporrectus. Romer. Bronn. the work of M. Noulet. Unio subrotundoides. Lea. D'Orbigny's Prod. Paltonto., vol. ii. p. 306, substitutes subtumidus for tumidus, Sow., it being preoccupied. 2 U. trigonus was described by R6rner in Nord. Ool. 1836. I published my trigonus in Trans. Am. Phil. 1831, and therefore have precedence. 3 In Pictet, Traite, vol. iii. p. 529. 4 Referred to by figure in Mucag. Nrat. Hist., vol. ii. p. 647. It has the form of littoralis, and is found at " Gray's." M A R GA R I T A. 67 IV. SUBGENUS MARGARITANA.1 F TRIANGULAR. ( OBLONG. complanata. Bar. Lea. Unio marginatus. Reeve. Han. Alas. complanata. Bar. Hild. Sow. Mya regulosa. WVood. Han. K I A Symnph. complanata e. ea. Eat. & Et. ya rugosa. Eat. F| U~Unio complanata. Desh. Han. Alas. corrugata. Dekay. 2. Mifya complanata Et. V ignouana. Bern. QUADRATE. I *rugosa.4 Lea. Kirtl. c~onfragosa. Say. Lea. ^ Alas. rugosa. Bar. Sh. & Eat. Hild. Alas. confragosa. Say. Adams. Dekay. A da~s. bducea. Skay. zh Unio confragosa. Desh. Han. Al. abduct. Say. Complanaria rugosa. Swains. Stimzp~ TRIANGULAR.? ~ son. (Agass. MSS.) TRIANGULAR. (fUno rugosus. Chenu. Htan. arcula. Lea. Alasmodonta arcula. Chenu. C Han. S ^ Chem. Knorr. Da Costa. Dill. 0 Maegil. ~ Desh. WVTood. HIat. Honta. o Alas. margaritiferus. Thompson. 2 i hl. Nil. Schreib. Cuv. Forbes. Rossm. Dup. Eat. Chenu. Hoq. Alas. elongatus. Thompson. - crassissima. Klein. Alas. arcuata. Bar. Gould. Adams. Margaritana fluviatilis.5 Schum. High. Linsl. Dekay. iargaritana arcuata. Stimpson. Hya arcuata. Eat. Margaritana (Unio) Hongolicus. Alas. falcata. Gould. L HMidZl. Alas. Yubaensis. Trask.' In the previous editions, this was placed among the Uniones with much hesitation. I now think it groups better with the JIargariitane. Its cardinal tooth is very much like 3ii. Bonellii, and the callus of the dorsal margin is sometimes, in both, so much thickened as to present an imperfect appearance of a lateral tooth. Mr. Say's description of ambigua answers well to Hildrethiana, but I am not sure it is the same, as he has given no figure of it. He seems to have abandoned it, as he does not insert it in his Synonymy. Mr. Conrad also avoids the insertion of it in his Synoptical Table. 2 Mr. Say, in his Synonymy, gives Mr. Rafinesque's name of lata precedence. Mr. Eaton says that An. lata, Raf., is Symphynota tenuissima, Lea. K lein describes this species under the name. of crassissima, but with no generic term. This name has been, by Ferussac and other zoologists, erroneously applied to the large Unio, common to the south of Europe, which Retzius described as Unio crassus, and I have given it to Retzius. Klein's crassissima is the true llargaritana margaritifera (Mya margaritifera, Lin.), and his figure of it, PI. x. Fig. 47, is a copy of Lister's, Tab. 149, Fig. 4. 4 Judge Cooper states, under the authority of Dr. Cooper, that the Indians east of Cascade Mountains eat this species. 5 I adopt Schumacher's generic name because he has priority; but I discard his specific name of fluviatilis because he changed, without any reason, the long and well-established specific name of margaritifera. 6 Fide Menke. 7 I have been, and am still, perplexed about this species of Bosc. M. Ferussac considers it the same with Unio obesus (nobis), and I so stated it in my second edition. Recently, I have had access to Bosc's clescription and figure (Hist. Nat. des Coquilles), which agree better with Mlargaritana margaritifera than any other species; and he refers to the figure of it in Ency. Meth. 18 70 A R G A A P I T TAN A. r ARCUATE. The following species are unknown to me:a< A ~las. com2?arnata. us.l iidd. FA Alasmodonta Tripolitana. Fer. Alasmodonta incurva. Fer. *Holstonia. Lea. Margaritana Etowaensis. Con. S I Unio Holstoniannus. Han. Margaritana Wetzleri (fossil). Dunk. Krauss.2 *fabula. Lea. Alasmodonta. Con.3 Z l Unio falbula. Han. Alasmodonta (Unio) Stuarti. Ad. & Any.'Micddendorff Sibi, Reise, p. 273, refers to Unio complanatus, Soland., for this species. 2 Die Mollusken cler Tertiar-Formation von Kirchberg. Proc. Acad. N. S., vol. vii. p. 32. The description is at length, but there is no specific name given! Loc. unknown. P LAG IOD O. 71. V. SUBGENUS PLAGIODON.' SUBROTUND. 1 *isocardioides. Lea. H. Aclams. Proposed by me, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. viii. p. 79, and J. Acad. at. Sci., ol. iii., N. S., p. 319, and Obs. on the Genus Unio, vol. vi. 72 M NI ONOCON DY L E A. VI. SUBGENUS MONOOONDYL(EA.1 r OVATE. OVATE. * crebristriata. Anth. B-an. Unio Saucyi. Bourg. Tlrigonoclon crebristriata. C07. Unio Mechonii. Bourg. IC>~~'FJ<~~ t3^~ -Unio Tripolitanus? Bourg. w A OBOVATE. Salmeniana. Goulc. Blan. OBLONG. >.. Anod. Salweniana. Gould.2 *Wheatleyi. Lea.! QUADRATE. SUBROTUND. *rhomboidea.3 Lea. P *Franciscana. Jori. o 0 c^ ~Unio Euphraticus? Bourg..o 0.- -^1O * "lentiformis. Lea. Q. Unzo Opperti? ilonge. BLourg. so 7Unio Churchillianus. Bourg. * reticulata. fori. Cambodjensis. Petit. c costulata. Jori. 0 OVATE. WIDE. Saulcyi. Bourg. Lea. *Bonellii.5 Fer. D1'Orbigny, the distinguished traveller in South America, formed the genus Monocondylcea for a group of shells which he first observed, and which possess a single cardinal tooth and no lamellar one. This tooth certainly differs from that of the Margaritana, Schum. (Alasmodonta, Say). I am indebted to the great kindness of M. D'Orbigny for his species. The shell figured by Spix, P1. 25, Figs. 1 and 2, under the name of Aplodon inerme, but not described in the text, evidently belongs to D'Orbigny's genus ilJonocondylcea. It is certainly a most interesting group, and it is to be regretted that we have no description of the soft parts. There seem to be three natural sub-groups in Monocondyloea. 1. Franciscana, Paraguayana, Parshappii, Corrientesensis, and Guay-rayana have the large tooth in the left valve anterior to the large one in the right valve. 2. Vondembuschiana has the reverse of this, as is also the case with inoscularis, Gould. These two are from the East Indies, while the former are all South American. 3. The fossiculifera differs distinctly from both these forms. The dorsal line is not bent into a curve by the teeth, but is indented in each valve, the fosset being fitted by a corresponding projection on the opposed valve. This I propose to call Fossula. When the soft parts of the different species shall be examined, these proposed divisions may be sustained, and the group will consist of Monocondylwa, D'Orbigny, Pseudodon, Gould, and Fossula, Lea. a Dr. Gould described this shell in the Proc. BPost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Dec. 6, 1843, and proposed a subgenus (Pseudodon) for it. The hinge margin is formed exactly like my iMonocondylcea Vondembuschiana, and I have therefore placed it in that genus. 8 I am disposed to think, judging from M. Bourguignat's figures, that my rhomboidea and his Euphraticus, Opperti, and Churchillianus are all the same. If so, he must have preference. 4 M. Bourguignat, in Voy. MIer. Mort by Saulcy, describes tllis shell as having no lateral teeth, and the figure evidently shows it belongs to the genus Monocondyloea. It is from Jaffa. 5 In a letter from the Abbe Stabile, M:ilan, Jan. 1861, he tells me that Anodonta Uniopsis, Lam., is only a small thin variety of Al1asmodonta Bonellii, Fer. If Uniopsis and Bonellii be the same, then the former has the preference, and the latter is a synonym. OO C O DYL C A. 73'WIDE. OBOVATE. Alas. Bonellii. Fer. *Peguensis. Anth. Blan. Alas. cepressa? Villa. Alas. compressa. Menke. Villa. *Vondembuschiana. Lea. Jargari. Bonellii. Villa. Margari. Zollingeri. 7iousson. Unio Bonellii. Han. Margari. crispata. Mousson. Unio depressa. Pfeif. Afflhl. Margari. fragilis. Mousson. * Mouhotiana. Lea. *Cumingii. Lea. H3 6'Anod. Cumingii. Lea. compressa. Lea. Pseudodon ellipticur. Con. z z V OBOVATE. * planulata.2 Lea.;z? o * *Paraguayana. D'Or b. o U' Znio Paraguayana. Han. * o inoscularis. Gould. Blan. oE- o An. inoscularis. Gould. ^*Pazii. Lea. Pk Pc Minuana. D'Orb.3 * Parchappii. D'Orb. Schom. l Unio Minuana. Han. I Z~Unio Parchappii. Han. Z Z ARCUATE. *Corrientesensis. D'Ob. Mardinensis. Lea. Unio Corrientesensis. Han. Leguminaia Mardinensis. Con. *Guarayana. D'Orb. Chenu. Hupe. SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME. Unio Guarayana. Han. Mon. orbicularis. More. Mon. Tamsiana. Dunk. *fossiculifera. D'Orb. Mon. tumidus. More. Unio fossiculiferus. Han. Mon. exilis. More. Menke and Pfeif, in Zeits. fur Malak., say.that these three shells are the same as Margaritana (Monocondylaea) Vondembuschiana, Lea. 2 Young of Vondembuschiana? 3 The figure of Minuana is so nearly like to that of Paraguayana that it is likely to prove merely a variety. 19 74 DIPSAS. VII. SUBGENUS DIPSAS.' TRIANGULAR. TRIANGULAR. *plicatus. Leach. Barbala bi-alata. Chenu. Barbala picata.3 Humph. m. Unio bi-alata. Desh. Reeve. Han. i Myt.plicatus. Soland. Dianisolis Chinensis. Raf. ui rMfyt. dubius. Gmel. Dill S a. Cristaria tuberculata. c. chu OVAL. An. dipsas. Fer. *discoideus. Lea. I ^A An. exotica. Blain. z Symp. discoidea. Lea. An. tuberculatus. Fer. Unio discoideus. Reeve.7 Han. > J^An. alatus. Sow. Unio tenuis. Gray.8 w JLAn. Herculea.4 Midd. Gerst. An. tenuis. Gray.8 Baird & Adams. An. bellua. More. An. Chinensis. Phili. Symph. bi-alata.5 Lea. Barbala discoidea. Chenu. Mr. Swainson discards the name of dipsas, because it was used by Larentini (1768) for a genus of reptiles, and he says he gladly adopts that of Symphynota, Lea (Malac., p. 288). I think it better, however, that the rule recently adopted among most zoologists not to repeat generic names, should be more prospective than retrospective, if adopted at all. Well and long established names are not likely to lead to error. But the name of Barbala, Humphreys, has no doubt the pre-eminent title, and should take precedence over all other proposed names, viz., Barbata, Sow., Cristaria, Schum., Appius, Leach, Dianisotis, Raf., Dipsas, Leach (1815), Symphynota, Swain. not Lea, Dipsax, Voight, if we allow the names of Humphreys. 2 Perfect specimens show the whole linear tooth, and the folds on the posterior slope and on the posterior wing, but old and imperfect specimens sometimes exhibit neither. The imperfect figure and description by Leach (who made the genus in 1815) of this fine shell, led me to believe that it could not be the same with that which I described under the name of Sym. bi-alata. 3 Fide Dr. Gray. 4 Dr. Dunker, in Cassel, showed me a valve in his collection from Siberia, somewhat fracturedl, which is undoubtedly the Dipsas plicatus, Leach. It is the largest specimen belonging to this family which I have seen: in breadth about 12 inches; length 7- inches. See note on An. gigantea. 5 Mr. Rafinesque, in the continuation of his Monograph (p. 7), affirms decidedly that the Symphynota bi-alata, Lea, is a peculiar genus, but he changes it to Dianisolis Chinensis!! 6 The posterior termination of the tooth shows some disposition to duplication, and evidently inclines to pass into the subgenus Unio. The figure No. 275 is not discoideus, Lea, but probably taken from U. levissimus, Lea. 8 In Griffith's Cuvier. ANODONTA. 75 VIII. SUBGENUS ANODONTA.' TRIANGULAR. OVAL. *Wahlamatensis. Lea. Cooper. Han.. Symp. Benedictensis. Lea. An. triangularis. Trask. An. cultrata. Gould. An. rotundovata. Trasc. trigona. Spix. Hupe. Han. Na.. -. *Nuttalliana. Lea. Han. OVAL. OVAL. G*Californiensis. Lea. * Xmagnifica. Lea. Itan. z. Symp. magnfica. Lea. Chenu. SUBROTUND. An. rotundatus. Swain. SUBROTUND. *rubicunda. Lea. o An. aurata. Kust. *rubicunda Lea. X1 JAn. magnifica. Schrenck.3 OBOVATE. *Woodiana. Lea. Han. crispata.4 Lam. Han. Symp.K Woodiana. Lea. An. ygauca. Gould.5 An. puberula. Gould. P a *Benedictii. Lea. Adams. D)ekay. L Stirmpson. EHan. ^ ^*tortilis. Lea. Stimpson. Han. 1 As Bruguiere first separated this group from Unio, and called it Anodontites, it ought to be at least mentioned if his name be not adopted. Anodonta is now so universally used that it might be doubted if it should be changed. Bruguiere published in Ency. Math. in 1792. Poli, in his great work, subsequently reunites Unio and Anodonta. H. and A. Adams give the following subgenera: Symphynota, Lea, Lamproscarpha, Swain., Patularia, Swain. 2 Dr. Gray, in Griffith's Cuvier, P1. 24, Fig. 2, gives a figure, without description, of a shell, under the name of Unio tenuis, which he thinks is my An. magnifica; but it appears to me to be my Dipsas discoidea. It is figured with the linear tooth of Dipsas. 3 The figure given by Dr. Schrenck in Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande is not my magnifica. I therefore propose to call it Schrenlii.' With some hesitation, I have placed this and tortilis under the division plicate, as the folds or crimples are so small as almost to require a lens. But to place them in the division of "smooth" shells would be, I think, more objectionable. 5 In letter of April T, 1855, Dr. Gould says he has changed glauca (being preoccupied) to puberula, and that it belongs to Monocondyloea, O'Orb. 76 AN OD ON TA. OVAL. OVAL. *cygnea.l Drap. Lam. Hill. Crouch. Myt. fucatus. Dill. Blain. Pfeif. Turt. Des Moul. Myt. Zellensis. Gmnel. Schro. Schreib. Flem. Grat. Bouil. Brard. Bosc. Myt. Avonensis. fionta. Wood. Ed. Children. Puton. Potier. Gassies. Encyclopwedia. Moq. Por. Klees. Morelet. Merm. Forb. Myt. radiatus.5 Mil. Schrb. Schreib. and Hanl. Villa. Guerin. Graells. Myt. incrassatus. Shep. Thompson. Cuv. Gray. Kiist. Myt. maculata. Shep. EH. Brown. Bouch. Rossm. Desh. ~ fragilis. Klein. o Studer. Menke. Gras. Goupil. | Musculus fluviatilis. Klein. o Dup. Fitz. Swain. Schrenck. O Musculus latus. List. Klein. Charp. Waard. Kickx. Middc.2 ~ Musculus angustior. Klein. Gras. Stein. Chenu. Brot. Bourg. E Grand Moule des etangs. Geoff. ^ HScHan. Moq. Caill. An. anatina. Lam. Cuv. Mill. Dill. JiMfyt. cygneus. Lin. Chem. Schro.. Bose. Drap. Sow. Pfeif. Flem. Dill. MUihl. Monta. Mat. Shept.Grat. es Moul. Stud. Bouil. ^t; Tur. Mill. Schreib. Pennant. Macgil. Phili. Menke. Desh. Don. Da Costa. More. Goup. Nils. Put. Kiuist. Myt. anatinus. Lin. Chem. Schro. Dup. Ald. Graells. Villa. Klees. Schum. TVood. Monta. Don. Da Por. Gass. Bouch. Pot. Charp. Costa. Penn. Shep. Tur. Dill. Drouet. Waard. Fitz. Arada. Mat. Schreib. Grat. Midden.6 Gerst. Brot. Bourg. Myt. stagnalis. Gmel. Dill. Sow. Han. Moq. Caill. Schreib. An. sulcata. Lam. Nils. Vill. Myt. fluviatilis.4 Gmel. Schreib. An. dentiens. Menke.' I have, after a good deal of consideration and examination of my specimens, and the figures in the numerous works describing the Unionidw, satisfied myself that An. cygnea and An. anatina are not specifically distinct. If the observation of M. Poiret, that the first is viviparous and the last oviparous, be correct, then they should be certainly separated. I feel perfectly persuaded, however, that he must be in error. Turton, in his recent work on the Land and Fresh Water Shells of Great Britain, says he is "inclined to think that all our supposed species of this genus may be justly resolved into one." M. Gras (Description des Moll. Fluv. et Ter. de la France) says that anatinus is only the young of cygneus; and Dr. Gray says, in his Manual of Fresh Water and Land Shells, that it is a most variable species, and that "we must not only dissent to the division of this polymorphous bivalve into these numerous species, into which it has been separated by the continental writers, but even demur to the possibility of arranging the diversities of shape and coloring into strictly different varieties." "Like Unio, this genus is chiefly American, only one distinctly-marked species inhabiting Europe." Such has been my opinion for more than twenty years. (See note on Unio pictorum.) 2 Middendorff (Sibi. Reise) refers to his P1. 21, Figs. 4 and 5; P1. 22, Figs. 1 and 2; and P1. 26, Figs. I and 2, for An. cygnea, but Figs. 1 and 2 on P1. 22 are undoubtedly Dipsas plicatus, Leach. 3 of Maton and Racket (Lin. Soc. Trans., vol. iv.) is evidently, judging from the figure, Unio litoralis. 4 Gmelin states this shell to be from the fresh waters of Europe, and allied to Anatina. If this be true, there cannot be a doubt of its being the same with cygnea. The fiuviatilis of Solander and Dillwyn is said to be from North America, and Say's cataracta is the same, no doubt. 5 Fide Dillwyn. 6 Tunguska River, Siberia. ANODONT A. 77 OVAL. OVAL. An. intermedia. Lam. Pfeif. Nilss. An. convexa. Dup. Waard. Fitz. Charp. Bouil. An. Rossmassleriana. Dup. Drouet. Menke. Desh. Bouch. Dup. Pot. Grat. An. variabilis. (Var. b.) Drap. An. Rossmassleri. Kinb. Drouet. Vill. Moq. An. Parreyssii. Kinb. Drouet. An. cellensis. Pfeif. Menke. Rossm. An. regularis. More. More. Kiist. Bosc. Du2p. Vill. An. maculenta. More. Hfous. Brot. Grat. Hidden.l An. Lusitania. More. WVaard. Fitz. Gerst. Bourg. An. ranarum. Y]ore. An. ventricosa. Pfeif. Menke. Bouch. An. coarctata. Mich. Pot. Vill. Pot. Du2p. Kuist. Waacrd. An. minima. Pot. Mill. Grat. Kickx. Midd. Brot. Grat. An. Grateloupiana. Gass. Grat. An. ponderosa.2 Pfeif. Menke. Pot. Caill. Fe ~ Por. Dup. Rossm. Kiist. Held. H An. ovalis. Requien. Pot. I~z Graells. Waard. Drouet. Kickx. z An. Dupuyi. Ray and Drout. Dup. OR M5Hidd. Grat. Caill. An. arelatensis. Jacq. Dup. Caill. An. paludosus. Tur. An. Milletii. Ray and Drout. )up. c ^S An. stagnalis. Bose.3 G- Grat. An.fluviatilis. Bose. An. Normandi. Dup. Grat. An. grossa. Zieg. An. oblonga. Stentz. Mill. Dup. An. obvoluta. Zieg. Zieg. Drouet. Bourg. vm ~An. complanata. Zieg. Rossm. An. Rayii. Dup. Grat. o HMenke. Kiist. Drouet. Fitz. o An. subponderosa. Dup. Grat. Z BHMidd. Moq. An. Scaldiana. Dup. Drouet. Grat. An. rhomboidea. Schlut. Rossm. An. Moulinsiana. Dup. Drouet. An. spuria.4 Grat. An. proboscidalis. Zieg. An. subrhomboidea. Brown. An. piscinalis. Nil. Gass. Pot. An. contorta. Brown. Grat. Dup. Kiist. Rossm. Vill. An. luxata. Held. Kiist. Drouet. Midd. Stab. Caill. Bourg. An. callosa. Kiist. Brot. An. inornata. Kiist. An. rostrata. Kokiel. Rossm. Dup. An. cariosa. Kiist. Held. Kiist. Vill. Drouet. Bourg. An. arealis. Kiist. An. attenuata. Held.5 An. subluxata. Kiist. An. limpida. Zieg. An. Sondermanii. Kiist. An. exulcerata. Vill. Por. An. anserirostris. ]iist. An. Klettii. Rossm. An. tenella. Kiist. Var. Beringiana, Kamtschatka. 2 This and grossa are certainly very different in aspect from the cygnea, Lam., being more ponderous and less produced behind. This difference may, however, be effected by locality. Should it prove constant, ponderosa ought to be considered a distinct species, and such may prove to be the fact, but I doubt it much. 3 I presumle that Bosc meant the same variety as Miyt. luviatilis, Gmel. But he refers to Lister's P1. 157, which is probably Unio cariosus, Say. Bose refers to Europe for the habitat of his species, and certainly there is no species in Europe like Lister's figure. 4 Count Yoldi's letter to me. 5 He since considers it a variety of cellensis, Pfeif. 20 78 ANOD ONTA. OVAL. OVAL. An. tumida. Fitz. Kiist. *Danielsii. Lea. An. confervigera. Schluter. An. rhomboidea. Schluter.esnerii Lea. An. parvula. Drouet. An. subalata. Zieg. An. assimilis. Zieg. *Hallenbeckii. Lea. An. vetula. Zieg. An. deplanata. Zieg. *Leonensis. Lea. An. nitida. Zieg. An. prolongata. Zieg. A cn.prolongata. Zieg. *Oregonensis. Lea. Cooper. Han. An. derassa. ZiWe. A.n.derassa. Zieg. AAn. cognata. Gould. An. excentrica. Zieg. An. spreta. Zieg. An. fuscata. Zieg. *Simpsoniana. Lea. An. latissima. Kok.lc An. depressa. Schmidt. I Lucasii. Desh. More. c 0 An. subdepressa. Drouet. Iz An. minuta. Drouet. * An. corrosa. Dt. *Pepiniana. Lea. An. corrosa. -Drouet. o S I' An. Dalmatina. Drouet. *Kennicottii. Lea. An. truncata. Drouet.Kencottii Lea. G ^An. crassa. Fitz.: JAn. opalina. Kiist. Dallasiana. Lea. I An. Sedakowii. Siesm. I An. Beringiana. Midd. *fragilis. Lam. Han. An. Middendorfi. Siesm. An. pallida2 Anth. An. Gougetana. Ogerien. An. imbricata. Anth. An. arenaria. Bourg. An.fava. Anth. An. psammita. Bourg. An.gladuosa. Anth. An. Hilvetica. Bourg. An. risans. Anth. An. anatinella. Stab. An. subcarinata. Currier. An. contracta.. Stab. An. Pictetiana. Duqn. Brot. An. melina. Bourg. *Footiana. Lea. An. arenaria. H. & A. Adams. An. cNiei. Anth. Anodontites cygnea. Poir. Anodontites anatina. Poir. uniopsis.3 Lam. Han. Unio uniopsis. Desh. micans. Anth. Alas. compressa. Por. 1 The outline is very much like an. cygnea, Lam. The figure (Exp. Sci. de l'Algeria Moll., P1. 108) represents a heavy shell like the var. ponderosa. 2 Pallida, imbricata, flava, glandulosa, and irisans are all forms which I have had in my cabinet for many years, and unless the soft parts should be found to differ, I should still consider them variations of fragilis, Lam., attributable to different habitats and local effects. 3 This is supposed to be the same with Mono. Bonellii. See note, p. 72. ANODONXTA. 79 OVAL. OVAL. *Chaiziana.l Rang. Weddellii. Hupe. Epiigenia decorata. Parr. obtusula. Hup6. *undulata. Say. Hild.2 Sh. & Eat. Gould. Adams. Linsl. Han. lingulata. Hupe. Anodon rugosus. Swain. Anodonta Pennsylvanica. Lam. *limnoica. D'Orb. Han. Unio undulata. Desh. z ~Alas. marginata. Kiist. * Holtonis. Lea. o Strophitus undulatus. Stimp. ou^~~~ a;. 3 o~ Epurpurea.3 Valen. Han. Strebellii. Lea. o^P <^R~ C(^~~~ iX^ I~*ddubia. Gmel. Chenu. iOyt. cltubius. Gmel. Dill. ^~OVAL;.'~~ n^4~~Hut. dubia. c H. and A. Acams. Nyassacnsis. Lea.. N ~yassaensis. Lea. f Irid. Nilotica. Sow. Fer. Cuv. Gm ~ Crouch. Caill. Pot. Desh. Hart. OBLONG. X OBLO~NGF. An. dubia? Bose. *Natalensis. _Lea. o H. vI - Natalensis. tLiea..~ O.Irid. Oudnicei. Kcenig. An. tabula. Sow. Im >An.~ Itaula. Sow. Irid. gracicis. Caill. 3 th Spatha Nilotica. Anton. liist. H —~ WIDE. ^Eq ~~~ WA;~V~IDE. v~ CCalliscapha Nilotica. Swain. Chenu. L; nmiodestac Lea. e. Myt. Niloticus. Wood. H Le mutel. Adan. Z''OVAL. Irid. mutel? Rang. * rubens.2 Lam. Chenu. Irid. angustata. Sow. Irid. rubens. Desh. Cuv. Rang. n1m Irid. arenata? Caill. Pot. %clestis. Lea. An. obtusa? Potier and Mich. Irid. rostrata? Rang. Pot. An. rubens. Lam. Blain. Menke. Spatha rostrata. Kist. Kiisst. An. Clalppertoni.3 Kesnig. SaCtha ail.iaudi?. lfart. Species unknown to me. Spatha CUailiaudi? Mart. Spathza Hartmanni? Mart. Spatha compressa. Mart. Spatha Petersi. Iart. 1 H. and A. Adams divide the group into ifutela, Scopoli, Scalliscalpha, Swain, Pleiodon, Con., Spatha, Lea, Leila, Gray, Mutela, consisting of dubia, Gmel., valeus, Parr. 2 Dr. Gray informs me that Cailliaud figures a species near to this from Egypt, which is in his possession, but I have not seen the shell or description. A specimen in Mr. Tanner's collection labelled Iridina arcuata, Caill., and sent by M. Cailliaud to the late Mr. Hyde, is an Anodonta. 3 In Denham and Clapperton's Journey. 4 The figure is very like rubens, but Prof. KIrauss says it differs (" Siicdafrikanischen Mollusken"). It comes from Natal, South Africa. 5 A specimen of ctlestis received of Dr. Pitcairn, from Edinburgh, was marked Unio ton ginus, Gray. 23 90 Y CETOPUS. III. SUBGENUS MYCETOPUS.1 rH r W WIDE. WIDE. 9 4 2. #:siliquosus. X'Orb. I-Jan. ~ I plicatus. Gray. Reeve. iliosusan. o 5 An. siliquosus. Spix. Kiist. iJore. o WIDE. A A. longinus. jSpix. soleniformis. D'Orb. Chenu. Ian. Me. subsinuatus. Sow. Reeve. X-4.q Xl. m Irid. longina. Fer. [X Spaltha solendformis. Ant. Kilst.lon a. Fer. o. ycpygmus pe. L 2amproscapha siliquosa. Swain. * Kc. pygmemus. HupS. g I M yc. WTeddellii. up. pyg s Spi'>pygmaeus?5 spix. or0 *emarginatus.3 Lea. Sow. Reeve. rugatus. Sow. Reeve. z i *falcatus.4 Higg. & Reeve, No. 9. ventricosus.6 D'Orb. 1 This genus, established by M. D'Orbigny, has the dorsal margin smooth like Anodonta; but that and the basal margin are nearly parallel, and the posterior margin is truncate. The soft parts of the animal figured by D'Orbigny represent it to be very different in the form and size of the foot, which it extends enormously. He mentions that the two anterior cicatrices are widely separated. A more important character appears to be in the fact that the smaller cicatrix is placed before the larger one. In Unio and Anodonta, it is placed below it, and in Hyria, Lam., it is placed above, that is, in a line with the beak. Its habits are different from the Unionide generally, as it buries itself over a foot in the sand, "perforat, sicut pholadce." In this characteristic it is analogous to Margaritana dehiscens (p. 69), Unio dehiscens, Say, which my brother, T. G. Lea, informed me he found only at a depth of 12 inches below the surface of the sand on the bars of the River Ohio, their position being ascertained by a small hole at the surface kept open by the animal. The foot is capable of great extension. See description of soft parts, Obs. Vol. X. p. 76. 2 This has very much the appearance of a deformed shell, as figured by Reeve, No. 3. 3 Mr. Conrad proposes to create a new genus (Solenaia) for this species (Am. J1. Conch., vol. iv. p. 249), it having, he says, "a lateral tooth in each valve," which it has not, there being then only a "slight long rising," as originally described by me. I presume Mr. Conrad had never seen the shell. 4Mr. Higgins has described and figured this species (Zool. Pro., 1868, p. 179), which he received from Mr. E. Bartlett, who discovered it in streams near Chyaretas, Upper Amazon. It is closely allied in all its characters to emarginatus (nobis), and I have admitted it above as a distinct species. If the habitats be correct, and I have no reason to doubt them, we have in Mr. Wheatley's collection and mine, together with Mr. Higgins' authority, the two distant habitats well established. Falcatus seems to be a smaller species, more emarginate, corrugate on the posterior slope, and the angles of umbonial and anterior slopes are more acute. H aving the two shells An. siliquosa and An. pygmwea, Spix., before me, I cannot doubt of their being distinct; and I believe they both belong to D'Orbigny's genus Mycetopus. 6 Voyage dans l'Amerique Meridionale, tom. v. partie iii. P1. 72, Fig. 1-3. The figure of ventricosus approaches so much that of siliquosus, that I would not be surprised if it should prove to be simply a variety. NAIADES. 91 IN Mr. Rafinesque's Monograph, and in his subsequent Papers, are inserted descriptions under the following names. Not being able to identify them, I have deemed it better simply to give a catalogue of them. Those which I suppose I have identified will be found in the foregoing table. In this list, I have not divided the Unionidce into his numerous genera. The want of adequate figures, and an absence of sufficiently accurate description, together with Mr. Rafinesque's well-known proclivity to make species out of imaginary forms and specimens, induced me, after repeated and vain attempts to recognize his species, to follow the example of Mr. Say, Mr. Barnes, and all the other American malacologists up to the time of commencing my memoirs on this subject, to avoid any further attempt to elucidate a mass of confusion which was considered beyond the pale of science. The views of the late Dr. Binney, in his Terrestrial Molluscs of the United States, Prof. A. Gray, in Amer. Journal of Science, and Major Le Conte, in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, in relation to the claims of this writer, are so conclusive that it is only necessary for any unprejudiced mind to examine the facts and be perfectly satisfied that Mr. R. has, so far from advancing science by his writings in this branch, been the cause of inextricable confusion, from the embarrassment of which we can only be relieved by altogether avoiding any further attempt to make out his imaginary species. M. Ferussac, who made vain attempts to understand his division and species, says that the shells he sends away augment the difficulties in knowing his own species, and that he had received the same shells under different names, and others with the names evidently different from those given in his monography; that the difficulty, therefore, is inextricable in the determination of his species, &c. Alasmodonta atropurpureum? Unio antrosa? Unio cyclips? badiurn? argyratus? cyphia? costata? atroviolacea? decorticata? hians? attenuata? depressa? papyraceum? aurata? diaphanus? ponderosum? bicolor? dilatata? rugosum? biloba? diploderma? scriptum? bullata? ellipsaria? sulcatum? calendis? elliptica? viridis? cardium? fasciata? castaneus? fasciola? Anodonta aperta? chloris? fasciolaris? atra? cinerescens? flava? cuneata? Cliffbrdiana? flexuosa? digonota? cordata? flexus? inflata? costata? fontinalis? lata? crassa? fragilis? Ohiensis? cuneata? fulgens? solenoides? cuprea? fulvus? 92 NAIADES. Unio gibbosa? Unio pallens? Unio teres? granulatus? pallida? torulosa? interrupta? paphos? triangularis? lsevigata? perplexus? triqueter? lamobrachys? plateolus? truncata? lateralis? ponderosus? tuberculata? latissima? pusella? Venus? leptodon? quadrula? verrucosa? lineolata? reflexa? viridis? lividus? retusa? vittatus? megaptera? rirnosus? zonalis? melaplata? rivularis? montanus? rosea? Odatelia radiata? nervosa? sintoxia? nigra? sinuata? Lasmonos fragilis? nodulata? solenoides? obliquata? stegaria? Diplasma marginatt? obovalis? striata? similis? olivaria? subrotunda? striata? ovata? teneltus? vitrea? pachostea? GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES OF THE FAMILY NAIADES. To render the preceding Synoptical Arrangement more complete, it was deemed advisable to make such a table as would throw together the species from each great division of the world; and, to make this more useful, it has been thrown into alphabetic arrangement. GENUS MARGARON. I. SUBGENUS TRIQUETRA. elongatus. Pfeif. Various rivers. litoralis. Lam. Various rivers. SOUTH AMERICA. Petterianus? Iiist. Montenegro, Greece. pictorumn. Lar,. Various rivers. Brownianus. Lea. River Amazon. pitorum.. Variousrivers. corrugata. Lea. Liver Amazon. platyrhynchus. Rossm. Carynthia. subviridis. Klen. er Ama. tumidus. Retz. Various rivers. subvirmKis. e Ri. ver Amnzazon. Valentinus. Rossmn. Lake Albufera, Spain. ASIA. ASIA. contorta. Lea. Pei-ho river, China. abnormis. More. Bankok. asperulus. Lea. Siam. II. SUBGENUS PRISODON. Aucklandicus. Gray. New Zealand. Aveia. Ben. Pulo Penang. SOUTH AMERICA. Bagdadensis. Bourg. Tigris. Bengalensis. Lea. Rivers of Bengal. truncatus. Schum. River Amazon. Bensonii. Lea. East Indies? Bensonii. Lea. East Indies? Dupreyi. (Unio.) Recluz. Rio Parana. bilineatus. Lea. Rivers of Bengal. nodulosus (Mya), Wood. Hab. doubtful. Bonneaudii. E. Bonzeaudii. y Ed. Bourguignatianus. Lea. River Tigris. Brownii.. Le. Mocha. III. SUBGENUS UNIO. Bruguierianus. Bourg. Smyrna. caeruleus. Lea. Rivers of Bengal. EUROPE. Cambodiensis. Lea. Takrong river, Siam. Batavus. Lam. Various rivers. Chinensis. Lea. -Iong Kong, China. crassus. Retz. Various rivers. complanatus. Mi'dd. Kamtschatka. depressus. Lam. North Holland. consobrinus. Lea. China. 24 94 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION contradens. Lea. Java? lamellatus. Lea. Bengal. conus. Speng. Tranquebar. Lampreyanus. B. & Ad. Shanghai. corbis. Bens. Burhampooter river, Assam. Laoensis. Lea. Siam. Corrianus. Lea. Rivers of India. Layardii. Lea. Ceylon. corrugatus. Retz. Rivers of Bengal. Leaii. Gray. China. crispatus. Gould. Savoy. Leioma. Ben. Near Bombay. crispisulcatus. Ben. Bangong. ligulus. Mouss. Java. Cumingii. Lea. North of China. lunifer. Bourg. River Jordan. Dahusicus. Mfdd. Schilka. luteus. Lea. Burmah. Damascensis. Lea. Syria. lutulentus. Gould. New Zealand. Delesserti. Bourg. Jaffa. macilentus. Ben. Rohilkund. delicatus. Lea. River Orontes, Syria. Mardinensis. Lea. Tigris river. delphinus. Gruner. Singapore. marginalis. Lam. Bengal. dignatus. Lea. Tigris river. Bagdad. Mauritianus. Lea. Is. of Mauritius. Emesaensis. Lea. Orontes. Menzieni. Gray. New Zealand. encirrus. Bourg. Near the Dardanelles. micropterus. More. Cambodia. episcopalis. Trist. River Orontes. Mongolicus. Midc. Gorbitza. evanescens. Mouss. Java. Mosulensis. Lea. Tigris river. evitatus. Lea. Bengal. Murchisonianus. Lea. China. eximius. Lea. Siam. mutabilis. Lea. Australia and New Zealand. exolescens. Gould. Tavoy, Burmah. Myersianus. Lea. Siam. favidens. Ben. Bengal. Nagpoorensis. Lea. Ambajiri Tank, Bengal. Ferussacianus. Lea. Bagdad. nucleus. Lea. Siam. foliaceus. Gould. Tavoy, Burmah. Nuttallianus. Lea. India. generosus. Gould. Tavoy, Burmah. nuxpersicae. Dunk. Benson. Assam. gibba. Speng. Tranquebar. occatus. Lea. Bengal. gibba. Ben. River Kiang, China. olivarius. Lea. Bengal. Gontierii. Bourg. Crimea. orientalis. Lea. Java. gravidus. Lea. Siam. Orontesensis. Lea. Syria. Grayanus. Lea. China. Orphaensis. Lea. River Tigris. Guadechaudii. Eyd. Bengal. Osbeckii. Phili. River Yang-tse-Kiang, Hainesianus. Lea. Siam. China. Housei. Lea. Siam. pachysoma. Ben. Burhampooter. Hueti. Bourg. Upper Euphrates. Paramattensis. Lea. N. S. Wales. humilis. Lea. Siam. Pazii. Lea. China. imperialis. Miore. River Meinam, Siam. Peguensis. Anth. Pegu. Indicus. Sow. India. phaselus. Lea. Siam. Ingallsianus. Lea. Siam. pilatus. Lea. Siam. inornatus. Lea. Siam. Pinax. Ben. Rohilkhund. involutus. Hanley. Assam. plagiostoma. Ben. Bundelkhund. involutus. Bens. Burhampooter river. plicatulus. Lea. Borneo. Japanensis. Lea. Japan. ponderosus. Lea. China. Jenkinsianus. Ben. Burhampooter river. profugus. Goucld. N. S. Wales. Jordanicus. Bourg. River Jordan. Prusii. Bourg. Is. of Rhodes. Keraudreni. Eyd. Bengal. Pugio. Ben. Ava. Kullethensis. Lea. Mardin. Rajahensis. Lea. Bengal. laevirostris. Ben. Chunar. rasus. Lea. Assyria. OF THE GENUS UNIO. 95 Rothi. Bourg. Lake Tiberias. Cyamus. Phil. E. Africa. rusticus. Lea. Siam. Dembeae. Reeve. Abyssinia. sagittarius. Lea. Siam. diminutus. Lea. E. Africa. scobinatus. Lea. Siam. divaricatus. Lea. Egypt. semiplicatus. Trosc. Ganges. Durieui. Desh. Algeria. semiquadrata. Sow. Camboja. Egyptiacus. Cailliaud. Nile. semirugatus. Lam. Bagdad. Fellmani. Desh. Algeria. Shurtleffianus. Lea. Sena river, India. Gabonensis. KiUst. Gabon river. Shuttleworthii. Lea. Australia. Kirkii. Lea. Lake Nyassa. Siamensis. Lea. Siam. Moreleti. Desh. Algeria. Sikkimensis. Lea. Sikkim, India. Natalensis. Lea. Umpingave river. simonis. Trist. River Jordan. Niloticus. Fer. Nile. smaragdites. Ben. Burhampooter. Nyassaensis. Lea. Lake Nyassa. substriatus. Lea. Siam. Ravoisieri. Desh. Algeria. subtortus. Baird & Adams. Shanghai. Sitifensis. More. Algiers. subtrigonus. Sow. Siam. Verreauxianus. Lea. Cape of Good Hope. Sumatrensis. Lea. Sumatra. superbus. Lea. Dana-Luar river, Sumatra. NORTH AMERICA. Swinhoii. H. Adams. Formosa. Syriacus. Lea. Orontes, Syria. abacus. Hald. Tennessee. terminalis. Bourg. Lake Tiberias. Abbevillensis. Lea. South Carolina. testudinarius. Speng. Tranquebar. aberrans. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. Theca. Ben. Bundelkhund. Aberti. Con. Verdigris river, Ark. Thwaitesii. Lea. Ceylon. acutissimus. Lea. Alabama river. Tigris. Fer. River Tigris. gequatus. Lea. Buckhead creek, Ga. tortuosus. Lea. China. seruginosus. More. Central America. triembolus. Ben. Ramgunga. IzEsopus. Green. Ohio river. tripartitus. Lea. India. aheneus. Lea. Black creek, Florida. truncatus. Speng. Tranquebar. affinis. Lea. Alexandria, Louisiana. tumidulus. Lea. Siam. alatus. Say. Ohio river. Yescoi. Bourg. Anatolia. altilis. Con. Alabama river. vittatus. Lea. Australia. amabilis. Lea. Georgia. Wrightii. Lea. China. amoenus. Lea. Holston river, Tenn. Wynegungaensis. Lea. Wynegunga river, amygdalum. Lea. Lake George, Florida. near Nagpoor, India. anaticulus. Lea. Columbus, Missi. Zelebori. Fraun. Neuseeland. angustatus. Lea. Cooper river, S. C. Anodontoides. Lea. Mississippi, Ohio, &c. AFRICA. Anthonyi. Lea. Florida. apicinus. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. Abyssinicus. JMart. Abyssinia. apiculatus. Say. Bayou Teche, La. acuminatus. H. Adams. Lake Albert Nyanza. approximus. Lea. Red river, La. Aferulus. Lea. Lake Nyassa. aquilus. Lea. Macon, Ga. Africanus. Lea. Cape of Good Hope. aratus. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. Bakeri. El. Adams. Lake Albert Nyanza. arcaeformis. Lea. Cumberland river, Tenn. Burtoni. Woodward. Lake Tanganyika. arctatus. Con. Black Warrior river, Ala. Caffer. Krauss. Cape of Good Hope. arctior. Lea. Ohio river. Cailliaudii. Fer. Nile. -arcus. Con. Alabama river. 96 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION argenteus. Lea. IIolston river, Tenn. camptodon. Say. New Orleans, La. Arkansasensis. Lea. Hot Springs, Ark. Canadensis. Lea. St. Lawrence at Montreal. arquatus. Con. Wabash river, Indiana. capax. Green. Ohio and Mississippi rivers. asper. Lea. Alabama river. caperatus. Lea. Clinch river, Tenn. asperatus. Lea. Alabama river. capsaeformis. Lea. Cumberland, Tenn. asperrimus. Lea. Ohio river. carbonarius. Lea. Medellin river, Mexico. atrocostatus. Lea. Alexandria, La. cariosus. Say. Schuylkill river, Pa. atromarginatus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. castaneus. Lea. Alabama river. aureus. Lea. Texas. castus. Lea. So. Carolina. Averyi. Lea. Chumnagua river, Isthmus of Catawbensis. Lea. Gaston county, N. C. Darien. Charlottensis. Lea. Mecklenburg, N. C. Aztecorum. Phili. Mexico. Chathamensis. Lea. Chatham county, N. C. Bairdianus. Lea. Devil's river, Texas. Chattanoogaensis. Lea. Etowah, &c., Ga. Baldwinensis. Lea. Baldwin county, Ga. Chickasawhensis. Lea. Chickasawha river, Barnesianus. Lea. Cumberland river, Tenn. Missi. Barrattii. Lea. Abbeville, S. C. Chunii. Lea. Dallas, Texas. Beadleianus. Lea. Pearl river, Missi. cicur. Lea. Little Ocmulgee, Ga. Bealei. Lea. Leon county, Texas. Cincinnatiensis. Lea. Ohio river. Beaverensis. Lea. Beaver creek, N. C. cinnamomicus. Lea. Tombigbee river, Missi. Berlandierii. Lea. Mexico and Texas. circulus. Lea. Ohio river. biangulatus. Lea. Caney Fork, Tenn. cistellaeformis. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. biemarginatus. Lea. Florence, Ala. Claibornensis. Lea. Alabama river. Bigbyensis. Lea. Maury county, Tenn. Clarkianus. Lea. Williamsport, Tenn. Binneyi. Lea. Alabama. clavus. Lam. Ohio river. Bisselianus. Lea. Charlotte, N. C. Clinchensis. Lea. E. Tennessee. Blandianus. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. coccineus. Lea. Ohio river. Blandingianus. Lea. St. John's river, Fla. cognatus. Lea. Mexico. Bournianus. Lea. Scioto, Ohio. collinus. Con. North river, Va. Boydianus. Lea. Oak Orchard creek, N. Y. Coloradoensis. Lea. Rio Colorado, Texas. Boykinianus. Lea. Chattahoochee, Ga. compactus. Lea. Etowah river, Ga. bracteatus. Gould. Llanos river, Texas. complanatus. Soland. Schuylkill river, Pa. brevidens. Lea. Cumberland, Tenn. compressissimus. Lea. Holston river, Tenn. Brumbyanus. Lea. Warrior river, Ala. concavus. Lea. Abbeville, S. C. Buckleyi. Lea. Lake George, Fla. concestator. Lea. Columbus, Ga. Buddianus. Lea. Lake George, Fla. concolor. Lea. Big Prairie creek, Ala. bulbosus. Lea. Flint river, Ga. confertus. Lea. Santee canal, S. C. Brazosensis. Lea. Brazos river, Texas. Congaraeus. Lea. Congaree river, S. C. Burkensis. Lea. Burke county, Ga. Conradianus. Lea. Tennessee and Alabama. buxeus. Lea. Abbeville, S. C. consanguineus. Lea. Etowah river, Ga. cacao. Lea. West Florida. constrictus. Con. North river, Va. caelatus. Con. Elk river, Tenn. contiguus. Lea. Union county, N. C. Caldwellii. Lea. Isthmus of Darien. contractus. Lea. Roanoke river, N. C. caliginosus. Lea. Red river, La. Cooperianus. Lea. Ohio river. calimatarum. Miore. Central America. Copei. Lea. Holston river, Va. callosus. Lea. Ohio canal, near Columbus. cor. Con. Elk and Flint rivers, Tenn. camelopardilis. Lea. N. Alabama. cornutus. Bar. Ohio river. camelus. Lea. Ohio river. corvinus. Lea. Flint river, Ga. OF THE GENUS UNIO. 97 coruscus. Gould. Florida. ebenus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. corvunculus. Lea. VWhitfield county, Ga. Edgarianus. Lea. Holston river, Tenn. corvus. Lea. Burke county, Ga. Eightsii. Lea. Mexico. Couchianus. Lea. Mexico. elegans. Lea. Ohio river. crapulus. Lea. Etowah river, Ga. Elliottii. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. crassidens. Lam. Ohio river. ellipsis. Lea. Ohio river. crebrivittatus. Lea. Coosawattee creek, Ga. Emmonsii. Lea. Roanoke, N. C. creperus. Lea. Tennessee. errans. Lea. Macon, Ga. crocatus. Lea. Savannah river, Ga. Estabrookianus. Lea. Clinch river, Tenn. crocodilorum. More. Central America. exactus. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. Cromwellii. Lea. Georgia. excavatus. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. Cumberlandicus. Lea. Cumberland river, exiguus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. Tenn. extensus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. cuneolus. Lea. IIolston river, Tenn. fabaceus. Lea. Oostenaula river, Ga. cuprinus. Lea. Mexico. fabalis. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. curatus. Lea. Sugar creek, N. C. fallax. Lea. Columbus, Ga. curtus. Lea. Tombigbee river, Missi. famelicus. Gould. Wallawalla river, Oregon. Cuvierianus. Lea. Washington county, Ga. fassinans. Lea. Holston river, E. Tenn. cylindrellus. Lea. Whitfield county, Ga., fatuus. Lea. Holston river, E. Tenn. and North Alabama. favosus. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. cylindricus. Say. Ohio river. fibuloides. Lea. Connasauga river, Ga. cyrenoides. Phili. Lake Nicaragua. Fisherianus. Lea. Chester river, Md. dactylus. Lea. Caney Fork, Tenn. flavescens. Lea. Black Warrior, Ala. Dariensis. Lea. Darien, Ga. flavidulus. Lea. Columbus, Missi. datus. Lea. Beaver creek, N. C. Florentinus. Lea. Tennessee river, Ala. decisus. Lea. Alabama river. Floridensis. Lea. Chacktahachieriver, W.Fla. declivis. Say. Bayou Teche, La. foliatus. Hilld. Ohio river. decoratus. Lea. Abbeville Dist., S. C. folliculatus. Lea. Savannah river, Ga. decumbens. Lea. Alabama. Forbeseanus. Lea. Savannah river, Ga. delphinulus. More. Central America. Formanianus. Le. Coosa river, Ala. denigratus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. Forsheyi. Lea. Fayette county, Texas. depygis. Con. HIarpeth river, Tenn. fragosus. Con. Ohio river. difficilis. Lea. Whitfield county, Ga. fraternus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. digitatus. More. Central America. fucatus. Lea. North Alabama. discus. Lea. Tampico, Mexico. fulgidus. Lea. Alexandria, La. discrepans. Lea. North Alabama. fuliginosus. Lea. Cobb's creek, near Phila. dispar. Lea. Columbus, Ga. fulvus. Lea. South Carolina. dolabrseformis. Lea. Altamaha, Ga. fumatus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. dollabelloides. Lea. Holston river, Tenn. fuscatus. Lea. Black creek, Fla. dolosus. Lea. Alabama river. Gastonensis. Lea. Gaston county, N. C. donaciformis. Lea. Tennessee. Geddingsianus. Lea. Congaree river, S. C. Dorfeuillianus. Lea. Ohio river. geminus. Lea. Buckhead creek, Ga. dorsatus. Lea. Catawba river, N. C. Georgianus. Lea. Stump creek, Ga. Downiei. Lea. Satilla run, Ga. Gerhardtii. Lea. Chattanooga, Ga. dromas. Lea. Tennessee, germanus. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. Duttonianus. Lea. Ogechee canal, Ga. genuinus. Lea. Bissel's pond, N. C. Dysonii. Lea. Honduras. gibber. Lea. Carryfork river, Tenn. 25 98 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTIIBUTION Gibbesianus. Lea. Abbeville Dist., S. C. iris. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. gibbosus. Bar. Ohio river. irrasus. Lea. Etowah river, Ga. glaber. Lea. Holston river, Tenn. irroratus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. glandaceus. Lea. Cahawba river, Ala. Jamesianus. Lea. Jackson, Miss. glans. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Jayensis. Lea. Florida. Gouldii. Lea. Tuscaloosa, Ala. jejunus. Lea. Roanoke, N. C. gracilentus. Lea. Catawba, N. C. Jewettii. Lea. Florida. gracilior. Lea. Buckhead creek, Ga. Johannis. Lea. Etowah, Ga. gracilis. Bar. Ohio river. Jonesii. Lea. Georgia. Granadensis. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. Keinerianus. Lea. Coosawattee river, Ga. grandidens. Lea. Hot Springs, Ark. Kirtlandianus. Lea. Mahoning river, O. graniferus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Kleinianus. Lea. Suwanee river, Fla. granulatus. Lea. Big Prairie creek, Ala. lacrymosus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Greenii. Con. Black Warrior river, Ala. levissimus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Griffithianus. Lea. South Carolina. lanceolatus. Lea. Tar river, N. C. gubernaculum. Reeve. N. America. latecostatus. Lea. Tuscaloosa river, Ala. Haleianus. Lea. Missi. river, N. Orleans. latus. Lea. Savannah, Ga. Hallenbeckii. Lea. Columbus, Ga. Lazarus. Lea. Abbeville Dist., S. C. Hanleyanus. Lea. Coosawattee river, Ga. Lecontianus. Lea. Cannouchee river, Ga. Hartmanii. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. Leibii. Lea. Michigan. Haysianus. Lea. Cumberland river, Tenn. lenior. Lea. Stone's river, Tenn. Hazlehurstianus. Lea. Satilla river, Ga. lens. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. hebes. Lea. Oconee river, Ga. lepidus. Gould. Florida. hebetatus. Con. Missouri. Lesleyi. Lea. Kentucky. Heermanii. Lea. Medina river, Texas. Lesueurianus. Lea. Caney Fork and Holston hepaticus. Lea. Salkahatchee river, S. C. rivers, Tenn. heterodon. Lea. Schuylkill river, Pa. Lewisii. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. Higginsii. Lea. Muscatine, Iowa. Liebmanni. Phili. Mexico. hippopseus. Lea. Lake Erie. lienosus. Con. North Alabama. Holstonensis. Lea. Holston river, Tenn. ligamentinus. Lam. Ohio river. Hopetonensis. Lea. Darien, Ga. limatulus. Con. Savannah river, Ga. Houstonensis. Lea. Houston, Texas. Lincecumii. Lea. Dallas county, Texas. humerosus. Lea. Catawba, N. C. Lindsleyi. Lea. Tennessee. hyalinus. Lea. Richmond, Va. lineatus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. Hydianus. Lea. Teche river, La. linguseformis. Lea. Columbus, Ga. incrassatus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. Livingstonensis. Lea. Brunswick co., N. C. indefinitus. Lea. Mecklenburg co., N. C. lucidus. Lea. Brunswick county, N. C. ineptus. Lea. Abbeville Dist., S. C. lugubris Lea. Darien, Ga. inflatus. Lea. Alabama river, Claiborne. luridus. Lea. Coosawattee river, Ga. infucatus. Con. Flint river, Ga. luteolus. Lam. Ohio river. instructus. Lea. Cahawba river, Ala. Lyonii. Lea. East Tenn. insulsus. Lea. Roanoke river, N. C. Maconensis. Lea. Flint river, Ga. intercedens. Lea. Columbus, Ga. macrodon. Lea. Rutersville, Texas. intermedius. Con. Nolachucky river, Tenn. maculatus. Con. Elk and Flint rivers, Ga. interruptus. Lea. Harpeth river, Tenn. msestus. Lea. French Broad, E. Tenn. interventus. Lea. Cahawba river, Ala. manubius. Gould. Chihuahua, Mex. inusitatus. Lea. Macon, Ga. marginis. Lea. Georgia. OF THE GENUS UNIO. 99 Masoni. Con. Augusta, Ga. nux. Lea. Alabama river. Mecklenbergensis. Lea. Charlotte, N. C. obesus. Lea. York river, Va., and S. C. Medellinus. Lea. Medellin river, Vera Cruz. obfuscus. Lea. Flint river, Ga. mediocris. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. oblatus. Lea. Gaston county, N. C. medius. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. obliquus. Lam. Ohio river. Menkianus. Lea. Harpeth river. obnubilus. Lea. Buckhead creek, Ga. Mercerii. Lea. Lee county, Ga. obscurus. Lea. Nashville, Tenn. Meridithii. Lea. Tennessee river, Tuscum- obtusus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. bia, Ala. occidens. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. merus. Lea. Abbeville Dist., S. C. occidentalis. Con. Currant river, Ark. metanever. Raf. Ohio river. occultus. Lea. Lake Monroe, Fla. Mexicanus. Phili. Mexico. ochraceus. Say. Schuylkill river, Pa. micans. Lea. Catawba river, N. C. Ocmulgeensis. Lea. LittleOcmulgeeriver, Ga. minor. Lea. Lakes George and Monroe, Fla. opacus. Lea. Buckhead creek, Ga. Mississippiensis. Con. Lower Missi. river. orbiculatus. Hicl. Ohio river. modicellus. Lea. Connasauga river, Ga. Oregonensis. Lea. Oregon. modicus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. ornatus. Lea. Alabama? modioliformis. Lea. Santee canal, S. C. Othcaloogensis. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. monodontus. Say. Ohio river. ovatus. Say. Ohio river. Monroensis. Lea. Lake Monroe, Fla. oviformis. Con. Tennessee. Mooresianus. Lea. Tuscumbia, Ala. pallescens. Lea. Tuscaloosa, Ala. Moussonianus. Lea. Georgia. palliatus. Lea. South Carolina. Miihlfeldianus. Lea. Cumberland river, Tenn. pallidofulvus. Lea. Cahawba river, Ala. multiplicatus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. paludicolus. Goulcl. Florida. multiradiatus. Lea. Cumberland river, Tenn. papyraceus. Goul. Florida. mundus. Lea. Tuscumbia, Ala. parvulus. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. Murrayensis. Lea. Murray county, Ga. parvus. Bar. Ohio river. nytiloides. Raf. Ohio river. patulus. Lea. Western Ohio. Nashvillensis. Lea. Tennessee. paulus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. nasutulus. Lea. Brunswick county, N. C. pauperculus. Lea. Columbus, Missi. nasutus. Say. Schuylkill river, Pa. Pawensis. Lea. Paw creek, N. C. naviculoides. Lea. Buckhead creek, Ga. pectorosus. Con. Elk river, Tenn. negatus. Lea. Big Prairie creek, Ala. pellucidus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. neglectus. Lea. North Alabama. penicillatus. Lea. Chattahoochee, Ga. Neislerii. Lea. Flint river, Ga. penitus. Con. Alabama river. Neusensis. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. perdix. Lea. Harpeth river, Tenn. Newcombianus. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. perovatus. Con. Greene county, Ala. Nicklinianus. Lea. Tampico, Mex. perovalis. Con. Alabama river. nigellus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. perplexus. Lea. Ohio river. nigerrimus. Lea. Alexandria, La. percoarctatus. Lea. Catawba river, N. C. nigrinus. Lea. West Florida. perlatus. Lea. Cape Fear river, N. C. nitens. Lea. Long creek, Cocke co., Tenn. perlucens. Lea. Sampson county, N. C. Northamptonensis. Lea. Connecticut river. permiscens. Lea. Tombigbee river, Miss. notatus. Lea. Cumberland river. pernodosus. Lea. North Carolina. Novi-Eboraci. Lea. Oak Orchard creek, N. Y. perpastus. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. nubilus. Lea. Paw creek, N. C. perpictus, Lea. Bull river, Tenn. nucleopsis. Con. Etowah river, Ga. perplicatus. Con. Jackson, La. 100 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION perpurpureus. Lea. Tennessee. purpurellus. Lea. Flint river, Ga. perradiatus. Lea. Tennesseeriver, Florence, purus. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. Ala. pusillus. Lea. Ogeechee river, Ga. personatus. Say. Wabash river, Ind. pustulatus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. perstriatus. Lea. Abbeville Dist., S. C. pustulosus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. pertenuis. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. Pybasii. Lea. Tennessee river, Tuscumbia petrinus. Gould. Llanos river, Mex. Ala. phaseolus. Hild. Ohio river. pygmaeus. Lea. Abbeville, S. C. Phillipsii. Con. Ohio river. pyramidatus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. pictus. Lea. IIarpeth river, Tenn. pyriformis. Lea. Columbus, Ga. pilaris. Lea. French Broad, and Holston quadrans. Lea. Texas. rivers, Tenn. quadratus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. pileus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. quadrilaterus. Lea. S. and N. Carolina. pinguis. Lea. St. Peter's river, Upper Mis- radians. Lea. Othcalooga river, Ga. sissippi. radiatus. Lam. Lake Saratoga, Hudson placitus. Lea. Alabama. river, Delaware river. plancus. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. Raeensis. Lea. Columbus, Ga. planicostatus. Lea. Tuscumbia, Ala. Raleighensis. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. planilaterus. Con. Yadkin river, N. C. Rangianus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Plantii. Lea. Flint river, Ga. Ravenelianus. Lea. North Carolina. plenus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. rectus. Lam. Ohio river. pliciferus. Lea. Mexico. Reeveianus. Lea. Alexandria, La. plicatus. Lesueur. Ohio river. refulgens. Lea. Lauderdale county, Missi. Poeyanus. Lea. Rio de las Balsas, Mexico. regularis. Lea. French Broad river, E. Popeii. Lea. Devil's river, Texas. Tenn. porphyreus. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. retusus. Lam. Ohio river. Postellii. Lea. Columbus, Ga. Rhumphianus. Lea. West Georgia. Powellii. Lea. Sabine river, Ark. Riddellii. Lea. Dallas, Texas. Prattii. Lea. Cobb county, Ga. Roanokensis. Lea. Tar river, N. C. pressus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. rostriformis. Lea. Macon county, Ga. Prevostianus. Lea. Etowah river, Ga. rostrum. Lea. Davidson county, N. C. productus. Con. Savannah river, Augusta, Roswellensis. Lea. Cobb county, Ga. Ga. rotundatus. Lam. Ohio river. propinquus. Lea. Tennessee river, Florence, Rowellii. Lea. Chagres river, Cent. Am. Ala. rubellinus. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. proprius. Lea. Georgia. rubellus. Con. Black Warrior, Ala. protensus. Lea. North Carolina. rubidus. Lea. Tombigbee river, Missi. proximus. Lea. Georgia. rubiginosus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. pudicus. Lea. North Alabama. rufus. Lea. Etowah river, Ga. pulcher. Lea. Nashville, Tenn. rufusculus. Lea. Abbeville Dist., S. C. pullatus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. rugososulcatus. Lea. Central America. pullus. Con. Wateree river, S. C. Rutersvillensis. Lea. Fayette co., Texas. pulvinulus. Lea. Murray county, Tenn. rutilans. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. pumilus. Lea. Black river, N. C. sagittaeformis. Lea. Oconee river, Ga. punctatus. Lea. Tennessee. Saladoensis. Lea. Mexico. puniceus. Haald. Holston river, Tenn. salebrosus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. purpuratus. Lam. Lower Mississippi. Sapotalensis. Lea. Sapotal river, Mex. OF THE GENUS UNIO. 101 Satillaensis. Lea. Camden county, Ga. subinflatus. Con. Savannah river. satur. Lea. Alexandria, La. sublatus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. Savannahensis. Lea. Savannah river, Ga. subniger. Lea. Flint river, Ga. saxeus. Con. Alabama river, Claiborne, Ala. subovatus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Scamnatus. Morelet. Cuba and Honduras. subplanus. Con. North river, Va. Schoolcraftii. Lea. Fox river of Green Bay, subrotundus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Wisconsin. subtentus. Say. Holston river, Tenn. scitulus. Lea. Tuscumbia, Ala. succissus. Lea. West Florida. securis. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. sudus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. semigranosus. V. d. Busch. Tampico, Mex. sulcatus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Shepardianus. Lea. Savannah river, Ga. symmetricus. Lea. Red river, La. Showalterii. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. Tabascoensis. PhiUl. Mexico. similis. Lea. Buckhead creek, Ga. taeniatus. Con. Flint river, Ga. simplex. Lea. Black Warrior, Ala. Taitianus. Lea. Alabama river, Claiborne. Simpsonii. Lea. Wabash river, Ind. Tampicoensis. Lea. Medellin river, Mex. simus. Lea. Cumberland river, Tenn. Tappanianus. Lea. Juniata river, Pa. Sloatianus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. Tecomatensis. Lea. Tecomata river, Mex. solidus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. tener. Lea. Pigeon river, Tenn. sordidus. Lea. Abbeville District, S. C. tenerus. Rav. South Carolina. Sowerbianus. Lea. Tennessee. Tennesseensis. Lea. Stone's river, Tenn. spadiceus. Lea. Deep river, N.C. tenuissimus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. sparsus. Lea. Holston river, Tenn. tesserulae. Lea. Nolachucky river, Tenn. sparus. Lea. Whitfield county, Ga. tetralasmus. Say. Bayou St. John, La. spatulatus. Lea. Rock river, Wisconsin. tetricus. Lea. Flint river, Ga. speciosus. Lea. Colorado river, Texas. Texasensis. Lea. Dewitt county, Texas. sphaericus. Lea. Pearl river, Missi. Thorntonii. Lea. Tuscumbia, Ala. Spillmanii. Lea. Luxpalila creek, Missi. Topekaensis. Lea. Kansas. spinosus. Lea. Altamaha river, Wis. tortivus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. spissus. Lea. Satilla river, Ga. trapezoides. Lea. Lake St. Josephs, La. splendidus. Lea. Altamaha river, Ga. triangularis. Bar. Ohio river. squalidus. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. trigonus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. squameus. Lea. North Carolina. trinacrus. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. stabilis. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. Troostensis. Lea. Tennessee. stagnalis. Con. Ogechee river, Ga. Troschelianus. Lea. Coosawattee river, Ga. stapes. Lea. Alabama river, Ala. trossulus. Lea. Lake Monroe, Fla. Stewardsonii. Lea. Chattanooga river, Tenn. tuberculatus. Bar. Ohio river. Stonensis. Lea. Stone's river, Tenn. tuberosus. Lea. Caney Fork river, Tenn. stramineus. Con. Greene county, Ala. tumescens. Lea. Alexandria, La. Strebelii. Lea. Vera Cruz, Mexico. Tuomeyi. Lea. Abbeville Dist., S. C. striatulus. Lea. Roanoke river, N.C. turgidulus. Lea. Cumberland river, Tenn. striatus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. turgidus. Lea. New Orleans, La. strigosus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. Uhareensis. Lea. Georgia and Arkansas. subangulatus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. umbrans. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. subcroceus. Con. Canadian river, Ark. umbrosus. Lea. Medellin river, Mex. subellipsis. Lea. Columbus, Ga. undulatus. Bar. Ohio river. subflavus. Lea. Macon county, Ga. unicolor. Lea. Tuscaloosa, Ala. subgibbosus. Lea. Etowah river, Ga. utriculus. Lea. North Carolina. 26 102 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION vallatus. Lea. Alabama. diploclon. Phili. Chili. Yanuxemii. Lea. Cumberland river, Tenn. disculus. Lea. Uruguay river. varicosus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Dunkerianus. Lea. River Macacou, Brazil. Vaughanianus. Lea. Camden, S. C. effulgens. Lea. Brazil. velatus. Con. St. Fois river. ellipticus. Lea. Brazil. vellicatus. Reeve. Guatemala. encarpus. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. ventricosus. Bar. Ohio river. fluctiger. Lea. Yuruari river, Br. Guiana. venustus. Lea. Potosi, Misso. faba. D)'Orb. Uruguay. Veracruzensis. Lea. Mexico. Foncki. Piili. Chili. verrucosus. Bar. Ohio river. Fontainiana. )D'Orb. Brazil. verus. Lea. Cahawba river, Ala. funebralis. Lea. Uruguay river. verutus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. Gabbianus. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. vestitus. Lea. Ogeechee river, Ga. Gassiessii. Grat. Valparaiso. vibex. Con. Black Warrior river, Ala. gigas. Swain. -? vicinus. Lea. Macon, Ga. granosus. Brug. Guiana. virens. Lea. Georgia. granuliferus. Dunk. Rio Janeiro. virescens. Lea. Tuscumbia, Ala. gratus. Lea. Uruguay river. viridans. Lea. Columbus, Ga. Hjalmarsoni. Dunk. Honduras. viridicatus. Lea. Buckhead creek, Ga. hylaeus. D)'Orb. Bolivia. viridiradiatus. Lea. Big Uchee river, Ala. ianthinus. Ph.ii. Chili. viridulus. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. imbricatus. Mlorch. Nicaragua. Wardii. Lea. Walhonding river, Ohio. Jacobaeus. Phili. Chili. Watereensis. Lea. Wateree canal, S. C. jaspideus. Hupe. Brazil. Waccamawensis. Lea. Waccamaw lake, N. C. Kraussii. Lea. Maroini river, Surinam. WVeldonensis. Lea. Roanoke river, N. C. Landbecki. Phili. Chili. Whiteianus. Lea. Savannah, Ga. lepidior. Lea. Uruguay river. Woodwardianus. Lea. Etowah river, Ga. locellus. Lea. Buenos Ayres. Zeiglerianus. Lea. Cumberland river, Tenn. longus. Phili. Chili. zigzag. Lea. Ohio river. membranaceus. Jfat. Rio Plata. modestus. Fer. Brazil. SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA. montanus. Phili. Chili. multistriatus. Lea. Rio Parahiba, Brazil. acutirostris. Lea.? Nicaraguensis. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. Ethiops. Lea. Uruguay river. nocturnus. Lea. Uruguay river. ampullaceus. Lea. -? Orbignyi. Deville. Upper Amazon. apprimus. Lea. ~_? Ortonii. Lea. Ecuador. atratus. Sow. Chili. Paraguayensis. Lea. Paraguay. auratus. Swain. Chili. Paranensis. Lea. Uruguay river. Besckianus. Phili. Brazil. parallelopipedon. Lea. Corrientes, Argentine bulloides. Lea. Rio la Plata. Republic. Burroughianus. Lea. Rio Parana. parcus. Lea.? Casablancoe. Phili. Valparaiso. Patagonicus. D'Orb. Rio Negro. charruanus. D)'Orb. Uruguay. patelloides. Lea. Uruguay river. Childreni. Gray. Chili. peculiaris. Lea. -? Colchaguensis. Phiiz. Chili. perseformis. Lea. Uruguay river. delodontus. Lam. Rio Plata. piceus. Lea. Uruguay river. Demeraraensis. Lea. British Guiana. piger. Lea. Uruguay river. OF UNIO AND MARGARITANA. 103 prunoides. Lea. -? IV. SUBGENUS MARGARITANA. psammoicus. D'Orb. Rio Parana. ravistellus. M/iorel. Lake Yzabal, Guatemala. rhombeus. Wag. Rio Solimoens. Brazil. rhuacoieus. D'0rb. T Uruguay. rhuacoieus. D'Orb. Uruguay. margaritifera. Lea. Northern rivers. rotunclus. Wag. Rio San Francisco. rudus. Lea. Rio de la Plata. rufofuscus. Lea. —? NORTH AMERICA. solidulus. Plzii. Chili. suavidicus. Lea. iver Am n. Alabamensis. Lea. Talladega creek, Ala. suavidicus. Lea. River Amazon. trifidus. Lea. Buenos Ayres. arcula. Lea. Altamaha river, Ga. Uruguayensis. Lea. Uruguay river. calceola. Lea. Ohio river. variabilis. Lea. Brazil. complanata. Lea. Ohio river. Verge-Pacis. ~TIrist. Guatemala. confragosa. Say. Ohio river. Voldivianus. PhilI. Chili. Voldivianus. Phili. Chili. Connesaugaensis. Lea. Gilmer county, Ga. Wheatleyanus. Lea. River Amazon. Curreyana. Lea. Stone's river, Tenn. JWymnani. Lea. Uruguay river. dehiscens. Lea. Ohio river. deltoidea. Lea. Ohio river. NEW HOLLAND, &c. Elliottii. Lea. Columbus, Ga. elliptica. Lea. Tombigbee river, Ga. Auklandicus. Fide Woodward. Etowaensis. Con. Etowah river, Ga. Australis. Lamr. —? fabula. Lea. Cumberland river, Tenn. Balonnensis. Con. Balonne river. Georgiana. Lea. Etowah, Ga. ccuumoides. LeC. Hunters river. Gesnerii. Lea. Uphaupee creek, Ala. cultelliformis. Con. Bogan river. IHildrethiana. Lea. Ohio river. depressus. Lam. H? Holstonia. Lea. Holston river, Tenn. Evansi. Ad. & An. Murray river, So. Aus- margaritifera. Lin. Pennsylvania, Mass., &c. ^tralia. marginata. Say. Schuylkill river, Pa. Mortonicus. Reeve. Australia. minor. Lea. Tennessee. multidentatus. PhiU.? quadrata. Lea. East Tennessee. Napeanensis. Con. Napean river. radiata. Lea. South Alabama. NovHe Hollandiae. Gray. Macquarrie river. Raveneliana. Lea. French, Broad river, N. C. profugus. Gould. Hunter's river. rgo. Br. Ohioriver. Stuarti. Ad. & An. Port Jackson. Spillmanii. Lea. Tombigbee river, Missi. Wilsonii. Lea. Eastern branch of Isaac's Tombigbensis. ea. Tombigbee river, Missi. Tombigb~ensis. Lea. Tombigbee river, Missi. Plain, New South Wales. triangulata. Lea. Georgia and So. Carolina. -~- ^? Con. Bogan river. undulata. Say. Schuylkill river, Pa. HABITAT UNKNOWN. AFRICA. angustus. Lam. emarginatus. Lea. Tripolitana. Fer. Liebmanni. PhizU. Pfeifferiana. Bern. Gabon. melleus. Lea. Vignouana. Bern. Gabon. navigilioformis. Lea. Prusii. Bourg. SOUTH AMERICA. Smithii. Gray. truncatus. Swain. incurva. Fer. 104 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION V. SUBGENUS PLAGIODON. VII. SUBGENUS DIPSAS. SOUTH AMERICA. ASIA. isocardioides. Lea. discoideus. Lea. China. plicatus. Leach. China. VI. SUBGENUS MONOCONDYL(EA. VIII. SUBGENUS ANODONTA. EUROPE. EUROPE. Bonellii. Fer. River Po. cygnea. Lin. All rivers, probably. ASIA. ASIA. Canmbodjensis. Petit. Camzbodia. Cambo ensis. etit. Cambia. Burroughiana. Lea. Luconia, near Manilla. compressa. Lea. Sianm. crebristraa. Ath. Peg. crepera. Lea. Bongaboe, Luzon, Philippines. crebristriata. Anth. Pegu. Cumingii. Lea. Malacca. gibbum. Benson. Shanghai. Cumingii. Lea. Malacca...exili. ore. Cambodia,. gracilis. Lea. Dingle, Isle of Panay. exilis. More. Cambolia. ins.nri. G o. T a oyI-I Harlandi. Baird & AU. Shanghai. inoscularis. Uoual. Tavoy, India. _,-T 1'* T _ r- mr-~.magnifica. Lea. China. Mardinensis. Lea. River Tigris. mnific... S Tchrenkii. Lea. Amur. Mouhotiana. Lea. Siam. Mouhotiana. Lea. Siam. subcrassa. Lea. Lazuna de Bai, Luzon, PhiPeguensis. Anth. Pegu.. planulata. Lea. Java. l.ppines. ^ 1~.* T -~ *i ^ Swminhoei. t. Adams. Formosa. rhomboidea. Lea. Euphrates river. H. Adam. tenuis..Lea. Sual, Lezon, Philippines. Salweniana. Gould. Salwen river, Tavoy, In- ten Lea. Sal, Lezon, Phppes. dia^~~~~. Y~~Vescoiana. Bourg. Anatolia. dia. *dia'' ~n T. a*~ Woodiana. Lea. China. Saulcyi. Bourg. Jaffa, Syria. Vondembuschiana. Lea. Java. Wheatleyi. Lea. River Tigris. AFRICA. arcuata. Fer. Egypt. SOUTH AMERICA. Chaiziana. Rang. Senegal. Dahomeyensis. Lea. Dahomey, W. Africa. Corrientesensis. D'Orb. Rio Corrientes. Guillaini. Recxu. N. E. coast. costulata. Mori. Brazil. rugifera. Dunk Gabon. fossiculifera..D'Orb. Rio Parana, Argentine Senegalensis. Lea. Senegal. Republic. Franciscana. Mori. Brazil. NORTH AMERICA. Guarayana. D'Orb. Rio San Miguel, Bolivia. lentiformis. Lea. -? angulata. Lea. Lewis's river, Oregon. Minuana. DD'Orb. Uruguay. argentea. Lea. Stone's river, Tenn. Paraguayana. D"'Orb. Rio Parana. Arkansensis. Lea. Little Arkansas river. Parchappii. D)'Orb. Rio Parana. Bealei. Lea. Leon county, Texas. Pazii. Lea.? Benedictii. Lea. Lake Champlain. reticulata. Mori. Amazon. Bridgesii. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. Tamsiana. DYunk. Porto Cabello. Buchanensis. Lea. Buck creek, Ohio. OF ANODONTA, ETC. 105 Californiensis. Lea. Rio Colorado. micans. Anth. Texas. carinifera. Con. Kentucky. modesta. Lea. Kalamazoo, Mich. coarctata. Anton. Mexico. Montezuma. Lea. Central America. corpulenta. Coop. Lake of the Woods and Napolatensis. Sow. Mexico. Upper Mississippi. Nicaragua. Phili. Lake Nicaragua. Couperiana. Lea. Hopeton, Ga. Nuttalliana. Lea. Wahlamat river, Oregon. cultrata. Gould. -? oblita. Lea. Campbell county, E. Tenn. cylindracea. Lea. Medellin river, Mexico. opaca. Lea. New Orleans, La. Dallasiana. Lea. Lake Winnipeg, Canada. Oregonensis. Lea. Wahlamat river, Oregon. Danielsii. Lea. Topeka, Kansas. ovata. Lea. Marietta, Ohio. Dariensis. Lea. Darien, Ga. Pallegoixi. Cum. Mt. Siam. decora. Lea. Ohio river. papyracea. Anth. Tennessee. denigrata. Lea. Campbell county, E. Tenn. pavonia. Lea. Little Beaver, Ohio. doliaris. Lea. Union county, N. C. Pepiniana. Lea. Lake Pepin, Ohio. Dunlapiana. Lea. South Carolina. plana. Lea. Ohio river. edentula. Say. Ohio river. plicata. Hacd. Cumberland river, Ky. ferruginea. Lea. Simon's creek, Ind. salmonia. Lea. Poland, Ohio. Ferussaciana. Lea. Ohio river. Shafferiana. Lea. Horn Lake creek, Tenn. fluviatilis. Dill. Schuylkill river, Pa. Showalterii. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. Footiana. Lea. Fort Winnebago, Wis. Simpsoniana. Lea. Great Slave Lake. fragilis. Lam. Newfoundland and Northern Stewartiana. Lea. New Orleans, La. United States. Strebelii. Lea. Vera Cruz, Mexico. Gesnerii. Lea. Uphaupee creek, Ala. subcylindracea. Lea. Oak Orchard creek, gibbosa. Say. Georgia. New York. gigantea. Lea. Port Gibson, Missi. subglobosa. Anth. Michigan. glauca. Valen. Acapulco, Mexico. suborbiculata. Say. Mississippi river, near globosa. Lea. Concha Lake, Mexico. Alton. Granadensis. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. subvexa. Con. Black Warrior, Ala. grandis. Say. Upper Mississippi. tetragona. Lea. Alexandria, La. Hallenbeckii. Lea. Uphaupee creek, Ala. Texasensis. Lea. Texas. Harpethensis. Lea. Harpeth river, Tenn. Tryonii. Lea. Schuylkill river, Pa. Henryana. Lea. Mexico. undulata. Say. Schuylkill river, Pa. imbecillis. Say. Ohio river. virens. Lea. Red river, Alexandria, La. implicata. Say. Massachusetts. virgulata. Lea. Roanoke river, N. C. inl-equivalva. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. WVahlametensis. Lea. Wahlamet river, OreJewettii. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. gon. Kennerlyi. Lea. Chiloweyuck, Puget Sound, Wardiana. Lea. Scioto river, Ohio. WVashington Territory. Youkanensis. Lea. Alaska. Kennicottii. Lea. Great Slave Lake. lacustris. Lea. Crooked Lake, N. Y. lenic arsSOUTH AMERICA. lenticularis. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. Leonensis. Lea. Leon county, Texas. Amazonensis. Lea. Upper Amazon. Leolandi. Gup. Trinidad. anserina. Spix. Brazil. Lewisii. Lea. Mohawk, N. Y. atrovirens. Phili. Nicaragua. Linneana. Lea. Lake Concordia, La. Blainvilliana. Lea. Corrientes river. luteola. Lea. Isthmus of Darien. Cailliaudii. Lea. Brazil. Marryatana. Lea. Fort Winnebago, Wis. carinata. Dunk. New Granada. 27 106 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION cornea. Phili. Nicaragua. Trautwiniana. Lea. Carthagena. crassa. Swain. Rio Plata. Ucayalensis. Phili. Peru. crispata. Lam. Cayenne. Uruguayensis. Lea. Uruguay river. elongata. Swain. Brazil. Wheatleyi. Lea. Para. ensiformis. Spix. Bolivia. Wymanii. Lea. Uruguay river. esula. Jan. Bolivia. Forbesiana. Lea. Uruguay river. NEW HOLLAND. Georginae. Gray. ~? Holtonis. Lea. Upper Cauca, New Granada. purpurea. Valen. incarum. Phili. Peru. lato-marginata. Lea. Rio Parana. HABITAT UNKNOWN. limnoica. D'Orb. Corrientes, Argentine Rep. uniopsis. Lam. lucida. D'Orb. Uruguay. Moricandii. Lea. Bahia, Brazil. Mortoniana. Lea. Rio Parana. Mortoniana. Le. Rio Prana The following species are unknown to me:Napoensis. Lea. Equador. obtusa. Spix. Brazil. EUROPE Parishii. Gray. Paraguay. Patagonica. Lam. Rio Plata and Patagonia. Anodonta curvatus. Fer. Pazii. Lea.? porcifer. Gray. Paraguay. ASIA. puelchana. D'Orb. Rio Negro, Patagonia. Anodonta folium. Fer. pulvinata. Hupe. South America. r-,'i cuTndTTa.~ Anodonta Chinensis. Fer. rubicunda. Lea. Uruguay river. Schriteriana. Lea. Rio Negro, Brazil. siliquosa. Spix. Brazil. AFICA. sinuosa. Lam. -? Anodonta arcuta. Caill. Egypt. sirionos. D'Orb. Corrientes, Argentine Rep. Lucasii. Desh. Algiers. solenidea. Sow. Rio Francisco. Tawaii. Rang. soleniformis. D"'Orb. Rio Negro, Brazil. solidula. Deville. Upper Amazon. NORTH AMERICA. Spixii. "D'Orb. Rio Parana. suvidics. Le. Rivr Aazo. Anodonta lugubris. Say. Cumberland river, suavidicus. Lea. River Amazon. subrostrata. Phili. Peru. Tenn subsinuata. Phili. Peru. Anodonta impura. Say. Mexico. tenebricosa. Lea. Rio Plata. Texasensis. Lea. Texas.SPECIES. tortilis. Lea. Carthagena..-, ~..T~~~~ -DNORTH AMERICA. trapezialis. Lam. Brazil. trigona. Spix. Rio Negro, Brazil. Anodonta? Abyssina. Mort. OF COLUTMBA AND BYSS'ANODONTA. 1O7 GENUS COLUMBA. SOUTH AMERICA. Blainvilliana. Lea. —? esula. Jan. Bolivia. GENUS BYSSANODONTA. SOUTH AMERICA. Paranensis. D'Orb. Rio Parana. 108 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF IRIDINA, ETC. GENUS PLATIRIS. I. SUBGENUS IRIDINA. dubia. Lea. Senegal. modesta. Lea. Mozambique. AFRICA. Natalensis. Lea. Umpingave river, So. Af. Leaii. Sow. Senegal. Nyassaensis. Lea. Lake Nyassa. Leaii. Sow. Seneoal. asa ovata. Swainson. Seneg rubens. Lam. Nile and Senegal. Ovata. XSwanson. Senegal. exotica. Lamn. Senegal. exotica. LaLm. Senegal.. Walbergi. Krauss. Natal, So. Af. Spekii. WVoodward. Lake Tanganyika. HABITAT UNKNOW. III. SUBGENUS MYCETOPUS. valeus. Parr. SOUTH AMERICA. solida. Anton. falcatus. -ffgg. Upper Amazon. pygmea. Spfix. Paraguay. siliquosus. D'Orb. Corrientes and Santa II. SUBGENUS SPATHA. Cruz in Bolivia. soleniformis. D'Orb. Santa Cruz, Bolivia. AFRICA. ventricosus..D'Orb. Corrientes in Bolivia. alata. Lea. Lake Nyassa. NEW HOLLAND. Baikii. H. Adams. River Niger. ctelestis. Lea. Kordofar and Gambia. rugatus. Sow. Australia. INDEX OF SPECIES.1 PAGE rugosus (Unio). Wagner. Test. Braz. pl. SUBGENUS TRIQUETRA. 27... 25 rugosumn (Triplodon). S pix. Test. Braz. pl. PAGE 27......25 avicularis (Hyria). Lam. An. sans Ver., subviridis. flein. Meth. Ostraco. p. 135. 25 vi. 82... 25 syrmatophora (Jya). Grono. Zoophy. pl. angulata (Mjya). Wood. Supp. t. 12..25 18, f. 12......25 Browniana (Unio). Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. syrmatophora (Hyria). Sow. Gen. Shells, vi. pl. 24, f. 116, Obs. ii. 108. 26 No. 16......25 contorta. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 319,2 syrmatophora (lfVya). Wood. Ind. Test. pl. Obs. vi. 39...... 26 2, f. 36.....25 corrugata (Hyria). Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 82....... 25 corrugata (Unio). Blain. Malac. pl. 67. 25 cordata (Hyria). Menke. Synop. p. 63. 25 SUBGENUS PRISODON. caudatus (Unio). Wagner. Test. Braz. pl. 27 25 delphinus (Unio). Trosch. Wieg. Arch. xiii. acuticosta (Castalia). Hupe. Ani. Nouv.. 27 1847....... 28 ambigua (Castalia). Lam. An. sans Ver. elongata (Hyria). Swain. Exot. Conch. p.29 25 v. 6.......27 furcatum (Diplodon). Spix. Test. Braz., pl. ambigua (Unio). Blain. Malac. pl. 67, f. 4 27 27....... 25 ambigua (Mya). Wood. Index Test. Supp. humilis? (Hyria). Trosch. Wieg. Arch. xiii. f. 9......27 1847....... 26 Castelnaudii. Hupe. Ani. Nouv... 27 lanceolata. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. viii. 79 26 cordata. Hump. H.& A. Adams, Gen. Rec. lanceolata (Hyria). Gray. Zool. Pro. 1859 26 Moll...... 27 obliquus (Prisodon). Schum. Nouv. Sys.pl. Crosseiana. Hidalgo. Jour. de Conch.. 27 11, f. 2...... 25 Duprei (Castalia). Recluz. Rev. Zool. 1842. 27 ponderosus (Paxyodon). Schum. Nouv.Sys. inflata (Castalia). D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. pl. 11, f. 3......25 No. 62, p. 43... 27 rosea (Tellina). Bonh. Grat. Moll. de la multisulcata (Castalia). Hupe6. Ani. Nouv. 27 France. (Hyria) Lefev... 25 nodulosus. (Mya.) Wood. Conch. p. 106 27 rugosa (Hyria). Cuv. Reg. An. Am. ed. pectinatum (Tetraptodon). Spix. Test. Braz. ii. 407......25 p. 25....... 27 Throughout the Index the names in italics are synonyms. f. means fossil. 2 The New Series of the Journal of the Acad. Nat. Sciences is always referred to except when otherwise stated, as well also the New Series of the Trans. of the Am. Phil. Soc. 28 110 INDEX OF SPECIES. PAGE PAGE pl6mbeus (Chama). J /iihlf. MSS... 27 affinis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 19, plumbeus (Unio). Imp. Cab. Vienna.. 27 f. 26; Ohs. v. 27... 42 quadrilatera (Castalia). D'Orb. Mag. de Africanus. Lea. JI. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 300; Zool. No. 62, p. 42, f. 3, 4... 27 Obs. vi. 20...... 48 retusc (Castalia). Htupe. Ani. Nov.. 27 agrestis, f. (Pachyodon). Brown. An.N. sulcata (Ccstacia). Krauss. MSS... 5 Hist. xii. t. 16, f. 11.. 64 truncatus. Schum. Nouv. Syst. p. 139. 27 aheneus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl. 41, turgida (Castalia). HEupe. Ani. Nouv.. 27 f. 9; Obs. iv. 38.... 60 Alcabamensis. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells U. S. p. 67..... 28 alaeformis, f. Al. Brown. InDeshayes' Tr. SUBGENUS UNIO. Ele. ii. p. 216.....64 actasmoclontina (CGomplanaria). Stimp. Shells abacoides. Ialcl. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 75 34 of New Eng. p. 14.... 29 abacus. Haldc. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. viii. 202 37 alata (Jiya). Wood. Ind. Test. Supp. f. 3 28 Abbevillensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. alata (Syqnmph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. iv. 51, and Obs. vi. 51... 52 448; Obs. i. 62..... 28 abbreviatus, f. Golcif. P1. 131, f. 15. alata (Lyqnacia). Sow. Conch. Syst. pl. abductus, f. Phill. Pal. Foss. pl. 1l, f. 42 64 89, f. 8...... 28 aberrans. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 7; alatoides, f. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. Obs. xi. 11...52 1868, p. 164.....64 Aberti. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 10; alatus. Scay. Nich.Ency. Am. Conch. pl. 4 28 J1. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 295... 34 Aleroni. Mass. Dupuy, list. Nat. de France 62 abnorvzis. - fore. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1862 28 alpinus, f. Jiath. Cat. 240. Brown.. 64 abruptus. Scy. Am. Conch. pl. 17.. 43 altilis. Con. NewFr.Water ShellsU.S.p.43 Abyssinicus. lfart. Mal. Blat. 1866. 62 altus. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 298. 42 actcaphilus. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1863 59 amabilis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 257; acuminatus. H. Adcams. Pro. Zool. Soc., Obs. xviii. 17....37 1866....... 62 ambiguus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. vi. pl. 594 64 acutirostris. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. ambiguus. Phili. Conch. iii. 47.. 54 270; Obs. xii. 30..... 58 amnicus. Zeigl. Rossm. Icon. iii. f. 212. 47 acutissimus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. amcenus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 10, f. 18; Obs. i. 99... 32 10, f. 12; Obs. iii. 38....45 acutus, f. Sow. (Carbonicola, ce Coy; An- ampullaceus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. thracosta, King.) Min. Conch. t. xxxiii. 269; Obs. xii. 29. 53 f. 5-7.......64 amygdala, f. (Pachyodon). Brown. An. aduncus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. vi. 191. 64 N. Hist. x. t. 16, f. 2... 64 eqcuatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 89; amygdalum. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. Obs. vi. 89.... 52 pl. 39, f. 1; Obs. iv. 33... 62 sereus. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 160. 61 anaticulus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 92; seruginosus. Mfore. Test. Nov. No. I. 29. 62 Obs. viii. 96.....40 Esopus. Green. J1. Mac. Lye. 1827, pl. 3 34 Angasi. Lea. Reeve, Conch. Icon. 282. 54 AEthiops. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 377; angusta(lluscu^ls). K7ein. Meth. Ostra. 146 59 Obs. x. 13......53 angustatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. Aferulus. Lea. J1. Acad. lNTa. Sci. vi. 34; 17, f. 43; Obs. i. 124.... 57 Obs. xi. 38...... 30 angustatus, f. Bronn. Mus. Strasbourg. 64 I N DEX 0OF SPECIES. 111 PAGE PAGE angustior (31usculus). List. Conch. pl. 147, f. 3 59 argenteus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. angustus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 80. 54 25, f. 57; Obs. iii. 80.... 40 anocontina. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 80. 60 Arkansasensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. anodontoides. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. 206; Obs. ix. 28.... 41 pl. 8, f. 11; Obs. i. 91....58 arquatus. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 397 57 anodontoides, f. Noul. Grat. Moll. de la asper. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 9, f. France, 48...... 64 15; Obs. i. 95..... 33 Ansticei, f. (iyaccites, Bronn). Sow. Geol. asperatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 68; Tr. t. 594, f. 3-5.....64 Obs. viii. 72..... 33 Anthonyi. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 197; asperrimus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. Obs. ix. 19.. 43 5, f. 3; Obs. i. 81.. 33 antiquatus. Anton. Verz. der Conch.. 62 asperulus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 280; antiquior, f. Strick.?.. 65 Obs. xii. 40..... 31 antiquus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. t. 594, f. 3-5 65 Asterianus. Du9p. Cat. Mar. Gall. Test. 55 antistrophodonta, f. Lamo. Bronn... 65 atavus, f. Partch. Pictet's Traite, iii. 529 65 apicinus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 76; ater. Nil. (EHist. Moll. Succ. 107).. 47 Obs. vi. 76......44 ater. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pi. 7, f. 9; apiculatus. Say. Am. Conch. pi. 52. 33 Obs. i. 40......61 aplatus. Swain. Conch. Icon. No. 143. 63 atr (Naicla). Swain. Malacol, 378.. 61 apprimus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 263; atrata (Niaa). Swain. Zool. Ill. pl. 171. 53 Obs. xii. 23..... 46 atratus. Sow. (Niaa. Swain.) Synopsis. 53 approximus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. atratus, f. Golcf. Petrif. ii. 180.. 65 pl. 5, f. 13; Obs. iv. 48... 44 atro-costatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. aquensis, f. iMath. Cat. 240... 65 pl. 2, f. 5; Obs. iv. 44... 29 aquilinus, f. Sow. Geol. Tr. 2 Ser. v. t. atro-marginatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. 39......65 viii. pi. 13, f. 31; Obs. iii. 45.. 29 aquilus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 92; atrovirens. Schmiclt. Bul. Imp. S. N. H. Obs. vi. 92......60 Mos........47 Aradc. Phili. In Dr. Budd's Coll... 59 Aucklandicus. Gray. Reeve's Conch. Icon. araris. Barbie. Moll. de la France by No. 156.... 45 Grateloup, 45..... 62 auratus. Phili. Conchylien iii. pl. 4, f. 1 53 aratus. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 154 31 auratus (Niia). Swain. Phili. Icon. iii. aratus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. p1. 42, pl. 4.... 53 f. 12; Obs. iv. 40.... 35 aureus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 105; Araucanus. Phili. Conch. iii. 50.. 53 Obs. ix. 17..... 37 arcaformis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. auricularis. Speng. Skriv. Nat. Hist. iii.. 62 17, f. 44; Obs. i. pl. 126.. 36 Austinii, f. Forbes. Rec. Scien. ii. t. 2, arctatus. Con. Am. J1. xxv. pl. 1, f. 9. 62 f. 7......64 arctior. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. p1. 4, Australis (Hyridella. Swain). Malacol. 380 44 f. 10; Obs. ii. 10.... 61 Australis. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 80. 44 arcuatus. Bouch. Moll. de la France by Aveia. Bens. Wood's Index p1. 23, f. 20 35 Grateloup, 45.....58 Averyi. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 269; arcus. Con. Am. J1. Sci. xxv. 340.. 61 Obs. vii. 37..... 35 Arclusianus. Reynies. Let. to Moquin-Tan- Aztecorum. Phili. Menke's Zeitsch. 1847, do, 5...... 59 p. 95; Conch. pl. 6, f. 2... 44 argens. iust. ~?.... 48 baclius. Kolceil. Mich. Comp. pl. 16, f. 25 48 112 INDEX OF SPECIES. PAGE PAGE Bagdadensis. Bourg. Voy. de la Mer. Mort. Bisselianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 78....... 46 277; Obs. xii. 37.... 50 Bairdianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. Blandianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 65; 361; Obs. viii. 43.... 49 Obs. vi.65..... 33 Bakeri. H. Adams. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1866 63 Blandingianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. Baldwinensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. pl. 15, f. 44; Obs. i. 213... 54 330; Obs. viii. 12.... 51 Bauneri. Shutt. —?... 59 Balonnensis. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 295 54 Bonneaudii. Eyd. Mag. de Zool. 1838, pl. Bandinii. Kiist. In Rossm. Icon. i. No. 341 48 119, f. 1...... 50 Barnesianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. Bonplandii. Valen. Heimboldt's Zool. pi. 10, f. 26; Obs. ii. 31... 38 Obs......63 Barratii. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 13, Bosquinianus, f. Mathe. Cat. 168, Bronn.. 65 f. 5; Obs. v. 12.... 60 Bourguignatianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. Barraudii. Bonh. Grateloup, Moll. de la vi. 54; Obs. xi. 58... 39 France, 45.....62 Bournianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. Batava (Jiysca). Turton. Br. Shells, 20. 47 pl. 15, f. 28; Obs. iii. 51.... 39 Batava (Mcya). Wood. Index Test. pl. 2, Boydianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. f. 25..... 47 pl. 16, f. 32; Obs. iii. 54... 62 Batavus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 78. 47 Boykinianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. Batavus, f. Pfeif. Bronn. Index Pa. 343 65 pl. 13, f. 22; Obs. iii. 46... 28 Beadleianus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 94; bracteatus. Gould. Proc. Bos. Nat. I-ist. Obs. iii. 98......55 Soc. Aug. 1855..... 43 Bealei. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 204; Brazosensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. Obs. ix. 26......49 309; Obs. xii. 69.... 31 Beaverensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. brevialis. Sow. Gener. f. 4...41 297; Obs. xii. 57.... 52 brevialis. Crouch. Int. to Lam. pl. 9. Bengalensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. brevialis. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 73. 56 pl. 2, f. 3; Obs. ii. 3.... 47 brevidens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. Bensonii. Lea. Synopsis, Note..57 6, f. 5; Obs. i. 85.... 50 Berlandierii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. breviplicatus, f. Noul. Grat. Moll. 48. 65 369; Obs. viii. 51.. 36 Brownii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 307; Beskeanus. Dunk. Zeitsch. 1848, p. 182 61 Obs. vi. 27.....61 biangulatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. Bruguierianus. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. 44 pl. 9, f. 8; Obs. iii. 35.... 61 Brumbyanus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. biccelatus. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 127. 63 pl. 26, f. 62; Obs. iii. 83... 49 biemarginatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. xi. brunneus. Bonh. Not. Biv. Raelez. 430. 55 51; Obs. xi. 51..... 38 Buckleyi. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl. Bigbyensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. 39, f. 2; Obs. iv. 34.... 48 pl. 22, f. 51; Obs. iii. 75... 38 Buddianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl. Biggorensis. Millet. Mag. de Zool. 1843. 63 40, f. 5; Obs. iv. 35... 52 bilineata (Symph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. bulbosus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 191; iv. pl. 11, f. 19; Obs. i. 108.. 61 Obs. vii. 9.....40 bilineatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. bullatus. Con. New Fr. Water Shells, 68; 11, f. 19; Obs. i. 108.... 61 Mon. pl. 45, f.2..... 33 Binneyi. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. p1. 6, bulloides. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 264; f. 18; Obs. iv. 51.... 46 Obs. vii. 82..... 55 INDEX OF SPECIES. 113 PAGE PAGE Burkensis. Lea. J. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 215; carbonarius. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. Obs. vii. 33.... 60 11, f. 32; Obs. ii. 37.... 31 Burtoni. IVoodward. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, carbonarius, f. Golclf. Petrefacten..65 349..... 31 cardium. Con. New Fr. Water Shells, 68 41 Burroughianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. cardiacea. Desh. Traite Elem. 216.. 39 pl. 9, f. 27; Obs. i. 179... 50 caridiacea. Guerin. Icon. du Reg. An. pl. 28 39 buxeus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 15, carinatus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. v. 6, pl. 11, f.13; Obs.v.17.. 46 f. 10....... 43 Byzantinus. Parreyss' labels... 48 carinifera. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 74. 51 cacao. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 344; cariosa. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 80. 42 Obs. viii. 26..... 54 cariosoides, f. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci., ceruleus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 13, 1868, p. 163.... 65 f. 25; Obs. i. 105.. 47 cariosus. Say. Nich.Ency. art. Am. Conch. 42 caelatus. Con. Am. J1. Sci. xxv. pl. 1, f. 2 30 carneus. Kiister. Syst. Conch. Cab. ix. 103 49 Caffer. Kirauss. Sudafrik. Moll. 18.. 48 Carniolicus. Zeigl. Potier. Gallerie de Caillaudii. Fer. MSS.... 58 Moll. ii. 149.....63 calceolus (Marg.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. Carolinensis. Prof. Ravenel's Letter.. 61 iii. pl. 3, f. 1; Obs. i. 7... 68 Carolinianus. Bosc. I-list. Nat. des Coq. iii. Caldwellii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 265; 139......69 Obs. vii. 83.....35 Carteri, f. Hislop. J1. Geo. Soc. xvi. 175. 65 caliginosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. Carynthiacus. Zeigy. Rossm. Icon., pl. 15 47 7, f. 21; Obs. iv. 53.... 45 Casablance. Phili. Menke's Zeits. 1848, p. calimatorum. fore. Test. Nov. No. 1, 176.......53 p. 30......63 castaneus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. callosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 11, f. 21; Obs. i. 101.... 41 23, f. 54; Obs. iii. 77.... 27 castaneus. Fitz. Sys. Vertz. 119.. 59 Cambodiensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. castus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 349; 313; Obs. vi. 33.... 42 Obs. viii. 31..... 40 Cambojensis. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. Catawbensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 54; 231....... 63 Obs. viii. 58... 52 camelopardilis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. catillus. Con. Monog. pl. 13, f. 2..57 355; Obs. viii. 37.... 53 caudatus (Hyria). Wagner. Test. Braz. 35 25 camelus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 15, caudiculatus. Mart. Mal. B1. 1867. 63 f. 45; Obs. i. 214.. 37 centralis, f. Sow. Geol. Tr. 2 ser. t. 39, f. camptodon. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 42. 50 13....... 65 Canadensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. cerinus. Con. Monog. pl. 52... 37 268; Obs. vii. 86.... 37 Charlottensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. capax. Green. Cab. Nat. Hist. ii. 290. 42 8; Obs. xi. 12.... 51 caperatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 5, Charruanus. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, f. 14; Obs. iv. 49... 34 p. 35, and Voy. Am. Mer.... 54 Capigliolo. Payr. Cat. de Corse, 66. 59 Chathamensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. capillaris. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 2, 21; Os. xi. 25.....53 f. 2; Obs. i. 141.... 38 Chattanoogaensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. capillus. Say. Transyl. Jl. iv. 1831.. 49 iv. 209; Obs. vii. 27.... 40 capsaeformis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. Chickasawhensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. 2, f. 4; Obs. i. 143... 42 v. 101; Obs. viii. 105... 55 29 114 INDEX OF SPECIES. PAGE PAGE Childreni. Gray. Grif. Cuv. xii. pl. 1, f. 1 44 complanata. (a ya). Solancd. Port. Cat. 100 51 Chilensis. Gray. Specil. Zool. 1830.. 53 complanatus. Desh. An. sans Ver. 2d ed. 67 Chiloensis. Phili. Dr. Van dem Busch's compressus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. vi. 189. 63 Letter...... 53 compressa (Symph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. Chinensis. (An.) Kiist. Syst. Conch.. 47 iii. pl. 12, f. 22; Obs. i. 64... 29 Chinensis. Lea. JI. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 325; compressus. Con. Monog. pl. 71, f. 1. 29 Obs. xii. 85..... 30 compressissimus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. Chunii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 196; x. pi. 8, f. 23; Obs. iv. 55... 37 Ohs. ix. 18......38 concavus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 15, ChurchilUianus (2ionoc.) Boury. Rev. et f. 11; Obs. v. 16... 46 Mag. Zool. 1857..... 72 concentricus, f. Golcf. Petrif. ii. 182. 65 cicatricosus. Con. Monog. pi. 64.. 34 concinnus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. ii. 43. 65 cicatricosus? Say. Dissem. 1829.. 34 concinnus. Kuiist. Syst. Conch. Cab.. 59 cicur. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 93; Obs. concestator. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 66; viii. 97..... 52 Obs. vi. 66......45 Cincinnatiensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. concolor. Lea. J1. Acad'. Na. Sci. v. 89; viii. pl. 8, f. 4; Obs. iii. 32... 33 Obs. viii. 93..... 49 cinnamomicus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. confertus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 5, 100; Obs. viii. 104.... 49 f. 16; Obs. i. 215.... 53 circulus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pl. 9, Congaraeus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. f. 14; Obs. i. 47..... 55 6, f.4; Obs. i. 82.... 54 cistellaeformis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. Conradianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 19; Obs. xi. 23.....52 9, f. 23; Obs. i. 175.... 32 Claibornensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. consanguineus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. pl. 24, f. 115; Obs. ii. 105... 44 69; Obs. v. 71... 40 Clarkianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. consentaneus. Zeiyg. Rossm. Icon. pl. 15. 47 21, f. 30; Obs. v. 29.... 42 consobrinus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. clavus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 74.. 40 272; Obs. vii. 90.... 46 Clinchensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. constrictus. Con. Monog. pl. 49, f. 4. 46 278; Obs. xii. 38... 38 contiguus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 199; coarctala. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 75. 51 Obs. ix. 21.....45 coccineus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pi. 5, contractus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 203; f. 12; Obs. ii. 12.... 56 Obs. ix. 25.. 61 coccineus. Dr. Hildreth's Letter.. 56 contradens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. coccineus. Con. Monog. pl. 13, f. 1..56 18, f. 58; Obs. ii. 75.... 29 cognatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 368; contrarius. Con. Proc. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. Obs. viii. 50.....43 J1. Acad. Na. Sci. i. 276... 41 Colchaguensis. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, 47. 63 conus. Speng. Skriv. Nat. I-st. iii.. 63 collinus. Con. Monog. pl. 36, f. 2, and pl. convexus, f. Roem. Nord Oolith. 95. 65 60, f. 3......35 Cooperianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. Coloradoensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 8, f. 21; Obs. i. 173.... 34 314; Obs. vi. 34.. 41 Copei. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 307; Columnbensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. Obs. xii. 67.....45 75; Obs. vi. 75.. 50 cor. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, 28.. 39 compactus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. pl. corbis. Bens. Wood's Index?... 50 28, f. 98; Obs. vii. 36.... 36 cordatus. Con. Monog. pl. 25... 39 INDEX OF SPECIES. 115 PAGE PAGE corcatus. uiist. Syst. Conch. Cab. ix. 57. 39 crispisulcatus. Ben. An. & Mag. 1862. 31 corccatus? Rcf. An. des Phys. v. 312. 39 crocatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 22, cordiformis, f. Sow. Min. Conch. vi. 191. 65 f. 52; Obs. iii. 76.... 42 coriaceus. Dunker. Zeitsch. 1848.. 63 crococliorum. More. Test. Nov. No. 1, p. 28 31 corium. Reeve. Conch. Iconica, 23.. 34 Cromwellii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 258; cornutus. Bar. Am. J1. Sci. vi. pl. 4, f. 5 33 Obs. xii. 18..... 49 corrosus. Vill. Cat. 1841.... 59 cucumoides. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. Corrianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 9, pl. 7, f. 2; Obs. iii. 30... 31 f. 25; Obs. i. 177.... 61 cultelliformis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 10 52 corrugata (JMya). iill. Hist. Vermes, 214 30 Cumberlandicus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. corrugata ilaroccana (Alya). Chem. Conch. vi. pl. 7, f. 19; Obs. ii. 25.. 48 Cab. vi. 7..... 59 Cumingii. Dunk. Ziet. fur Mal. 1846. 31 corrugatus (Hyria). Blain. Malac. pl. 67. 25 Cumingii. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 54; corrugatus. Retzius. Nova Test. Gene.. 20 J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 240; Obs. vii. 58 28 corrugatus (Potamnida). Swain. Mala. 281 31 cuneatus (lIya). Eat. Zool. Text Book. 37 coruscus. Gould. Pro. Bost. N. H.S. vi. 15 48 cuneatus. Jacq. Rossm. Icon. iii. 37. 55 corvinus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 310; cuneatus. Swain. Phil. Mag. 1823.. 36 Obs. xii. 70....49 cuneatus. Bar. Am. J1. Sci. vi. 263.. 37 corvunculus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. cuneatus (white var.) Bar. Am. J1. Sci. 315; Obs. xii. 74.. 49 xiv. 283 (Note.).... 61 corvus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 217; cuneolus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 7, Obs. iv.35..... 37 f.3; Obs. iii. 31..... 38 costata? Raf. Mono. de Coq.... 29 cuneus. Con. Monog. pl. 58, f. 1.. 57 costatus. Con. onog. pl. 7... 29 cuprinus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl 12, Couchianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. f. 24; Obs. i. 104.... 61 371; Obs. viii. 53... 54 curatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 23; Courquinianus. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1865 59 Obs. xi. 27...... 46 crapulus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 42; curtus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 103; Obs. xi. 46....41 Obs. viii. 107.....40 crassa (Mya). Eat. Zo. Text Book.. 43 Cuvieri, f. Mathe. Cat. 169, 1843. Bronn 65 crassa (Mya). WVooc. Conch. 106.. 32 Cuvierianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. crassidens. Lain. An. sans Yer. vi. 71. 37 16, f. 16; Obs. v. 19... 51 crassidens. Lain. Var. a. An. sans Ver. Cyamus. Phili. Zeits. Malak. 125, 1851. 63 vi. 71......31 cylindrica (lya). Eat. Zool. Text Book. 35 crassissimus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. ii. 121. 65 cylindrellus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. crassissimus. Fer. Ency. Meth. pl. 248. 62 308; Obs. xii. 68.... 49 crassiusculus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. 191. 65 cylindricus. Say. Nich. Ency. art. Conch. crassus. Retzius. Nova Test. Gene.. 62 pl. 4, f. 3.... 35 crassus. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 8..43 cyphius. Con. Monog. pl. 63... 34 crassus. Bar. Am. J1. Sci. vi. 118.. 30 cyreniformis, f. Desh. Traite Elem. ii. 215 65 crassus. Con. Monog. pl. 16... 43 cyrenoides. Phili. Conch. iii. 79.. 38 crebrivittatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. dactylus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 9, 43; Obs. xi. 47..... 40 f. 7; Obs. iii. 34..... 57 creperus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 10, dactylus. More. Moll. du Port. 110. 59 f. 28; Obs. ii. 33.... 48 Dahuricus (ilarg.) Midden. Sibi. Rei. pl. crispatus. Gould. Pro. Bost. N. H.S. 1843 32 26, f. 3 and 5.... 69 116 INDEX OF SPECIES. PAGE PAGE Damascensis. Lea. JI. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 55; depressus, f. Sow.?.. 65 Obs. xi. 59......52 deressus (Marg.) Pfeif. Land. & S. Moll. ii. Damnoica. D'Orb.?... 63 32....... 73 Danai, f. ieek & Hayden. Pro. Acad. Na. depressus. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p. Sci. 1857, p. 145....65 34......53 Danielis. Gass.?.... 63 depressus. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 295 52 Dariensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. depygis. Con. Am. J1. Conch. ii. 107. 55 26, f. 61; Ohs. iii. 84.... 54 Deshayesii. lic. Mich. Comp. 167. 59 datus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 299; destructilis. Viii. Rossm. Icon. f. 769. 48 Obs. xii. 59.... 45 deviatus. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. 1865, p. 156 42 Deccannensis, f. Sow. Tr. Geol. Soc. xvi. Deweyanus, f. Meek & Heayden. Pro. Acad. pl. 47....... 65 Na. Sci. 1857, p. 145... 65 decipiens. Zieg. MSS.... 59 difficilis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 311; decisus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pi. 12, Obs. xii. 71..... 46 f. 23; Obs. i. 102.... 40 digitatus. More. Test. Nov. No. 2, 24. 63 declivis. Say. Trans. J1. of Med. iv. 1831; digitiformis. Sow. Reeve, Conch. Icon. 333 32 Am. Conch. pl. 35.... 54 dignatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 5l; declivis. Con. Monog. pl. 23, f. 1..50 Ohs. xi. 55......39 decoratus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 13, dilatata? Raf. Monog. p. 31... 61 f. 6; Obs. v. 13..... 29 dilatatus. Con. Monog. pl. 21... 61 decnmbens. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 87; dilatatus. Stud. Schweizer Conch. 30. 47 Obs. viii. 91..... 62 diluvii, f. D'Orb. Am. Mer. 127.. 65 decurvatus. Rossm. Iconog. pl. 9.. 47 diminutus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 254; dehiscens (3largarilana). Say. Am. Conch. Ohs. vii. 72.....31 pl. 24.......69 dimotus. Lea. Changed from Sumatrensis 30 Delesserti. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. Moll. diplodon. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 46. 63 77....... 46 discrepans. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 340; delicatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 58; Obs. viii. 22..... 48 Obs. xi. 62......42 disculus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 385; delodontus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 77. 46 Obs. x. 21......55 delphinulus. ilore. Test. Nov. No. 1, 31. 28 discus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 18, delphinus. Gruner. Arch. fur Natur. 1840? f. 57; Obs. ii. 74..... 50 Lea in Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 17, f. dispar. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 329; 35; Obs. iii. 56.... 28 Obs. viii. 9..... 45 delphinus. Speng. Scriv. Nat. Hist. iii.. 59 distans. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. 1865, p. 156 50 delumbis. Con. Fresh Water Shells, pi. 5, distortus, f. Bean. Mag. N. I. ix. 376. 65 f. 3.....44 divaricatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. Dembeae. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 153. 63 9, f. 24; Obs. i. 176.... 49 Demeraraensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. divergens. Benson. Jl. As. Soc. 1855. 63 253; Obs. vii. 71.... 36 diversus. Con. Am. J1. Sci. xxi. 172. 63 denigratus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 200; dolabrseformis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. Obs. vii. 18..... 52 pl. 24, f. 113; Obs. ii. 103.. 41 depressa (Jfya). Don. Brit. Shells, iv. pl. doliaris. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 260; 101... 58 Obs. xii. 20..... 42 depressa? Paf. An. des Sci. Phys. v. 302 37 dollabelloides. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. depressus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 79. 54 pl. 15, f. 31; Obs. iii. 53... 56 INDEX OF SPECIES. 117 PAGE PAGE dolobratus, f. Sow. Geol. Tr. 2 Ser. v. t. ellipsis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pl. 4, 39, f. 9...65 f.4; Obs. i. 10..... 41 dolosus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 75; elUzpticumz (Diplodon). Spix. Test. Braz. Obs. viii. 79..... 61 pl. 26)......31 Dombeyanus. Valen. Humboldt's Voy.. 30 ellipticus. Spix. (Diplodon. Spix.) Synopsis 31 donaciformis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. ellipticus. Bar. Am. J1. Sci. vi... 43 pl. 4, f. 3; Obs. i. 9.. 36 elongatulus. lIiihi. Rossm. Icon. f. 132. 59 Dorfeuillianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. elongatulus. Pfeif. L. and S. Moll. pl. 8, pl. 17; Obs. ii. 73.... 33 f. 5 and6.....59 dorsatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 300; elongatus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 70. 69 Obs. xii. 60.....37 elongatus, f. Fisch. Bronn's Leth. Geogn. 65 dorsuosus. Goulcd. Wilkes' U. S. Exp. Ex- emarginatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. ped. xii. 430....30 9, f. 22; Os. i. 174.... 62 Douylasiee. Gray. Griffith's Cuvier, xii. 21 32 Embletoni, f. Brown. An. N. Hist. xii. t. Downiei. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 210; 16, f. 9..... 65 Obs. vii. 28... 41 Emesaensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 254; Draparnaldi, f. Desh.?... 65 Obs. xii. 14..... 57 dromas. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 10, Emmonsii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 56; f. 29; Obs. i. 182.... 34 Obs. viii. 60..... 60 Drouetii. Dup. Cat. Gall. Test... 63 encarpus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 294; dubius. Fitz. Syst. Verz. 119... 59 Obs. xii. 54.....35 Diinkerianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. episcopalis. Trist. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1865. 63 305; Obs. vi. 25.... 32 errans. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 60; Durieui. Desh. Exp. Sci. D'Algeria, pl. 109 48 Obs. vi. 60......52 Duttonianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. errosus. Jay's Catalogue.... 63 pl. 22, f. 50; Obs. iii. 74.. 57 Eseri, f. Krauss. Die Moll. der Tert.. 65 Dysonii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 252; Estabrookianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. Obs. vii. 70.....35 pl. 6, f. 17; Obs. iv. 51... 35 ebenus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 9, eucirrus. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. pl. 8, f. f. 14; Obs. i. 94.....56 4-6....... 46 edentulus, f. Braun. Dutch. Nat. 1842, p. eucyphus. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zo. 1857. 50 144......65 Euphraticus. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mor. 75. 72 Edgarianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. evanescens. lfousson. Moll. von Java, 91. 60 pl. 15, f. 52; Obs. iii. 52... 39 Evansi. Ad. and An. Zo. Pro. 1864; Reeve, effulgens. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 303; No. 285......56 Obs. vi. 23... 35 evitatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 279; Egyptiacus. Caill. Voy. a Meroe, ii. pl. 61 50 Obs. xii. 39..... 47 Eichwaldianus, f. Keyser. Geol. de la Rus. exactus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 62; pl. 21, f. 9..... 65 Obs. viii. 64.....43 Eightsii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 367; excavatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 71; Obs. viii. 49..... 29 Obs. vi. 71......37 elegans. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 9, excultus. Con. Monog. pl. 54, f. 1..54 f. 13; Ohs. i. 93..... 36 exiguus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 7, Elliottii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 54; f. 1; Obs. iii. 29..... 43 Obs. vi. 54...... 29 exiZis. Dunk. Zeitsch. 1846; Mouss. Shells ellipsiformis. Con. Monog. pl. 34.. 63 of Java, t. 16, f. 3.... 46 30 118 INDEX OF SPECIES. PAGE PAGE eximius. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 294; Florentinus. Lea. JI. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 64; Obs. vi. 14......28 Obs. viii. 68.....42 exolescens. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. N. H. Floridensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. Sep. 6, 1843.... 51 21, f. 31; Obs. v. 30.... 62 exoletus, f. Brown. An. N. Hist. xii. t. 16, fluctiger. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 250; f. 4......65 Obs. vii. 68... 32 explicctus. Hore. Test. Nov. No. 1, 28. 34 fluviatilis. Green. J1. Maclurian Lye. 41. 51 extensus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 67; Fokkesi. Dunk. Zeits. 54, 1852.. 63 Obs. vi. 67......60 foliaceus. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. I-ist. faba. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p. 35 50 1843.......62 fabaceus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 90; foliatus. Hild. Am. J1. Sci. xiv... 30 Obs. viii. 94..... 46 folliculatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. fabalis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 10, 11, f. 33; Obs. ii. 38.... 57 f. 16; Obs. i. 96... 49 Foncki. Phiui. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 48. 63 fallax. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 79; Obs. Fontainianus. D'Orb. Mag. deZool. No. 62, vi. 79.......45 p.36.......56 famelicus. Gould. Wilkes' U. S. Exp. Ex- fontanus. Con. Am. J1. Conch. ii. 279. 63 ped. xii. 432.... 54 Forbeseanus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. fasciatus. Con. Monog. pl. 1, f. 1. 43 pl. 16, f. 17; Obs. v. 20... 37 fasciola? Raf. An. des Sci. Phys. v. 299 42 Foremanianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. fassinans. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 305; pl. 27, f. 64; Obs. iii. 85... 36 Obs. xii. 65....42 formosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 16, fatuus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 11, f. 41; Obs. i. 121.... 36 f. 14; Obs. iii. 39.... 61 Forsheyi. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 357; favidens. Bens. Gleanings in Science, 1829, Obs. viii. 39..... 32 and An. and Mag. 1862... 38 fragilis. Swain. Zool. Ill. iii. pl. 171. 28 favosus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 58; fragilis (Nia). Swain. Zool. Ill... 53 Obs. vi. 58..... 38 fragosus. Con. Monog. pl. 6, f. 2..33 Fellmani. Desh. Exp. Sci. d'Algeria, pl. 108 46 fraternus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 16, Ferussacianus..Lea. Described in Note to f. 15; Obs. v. 19.... 51 Emesaensis.... 46 fucatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 353; fibuloides. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. pl. Obs. viii. 35.... 43 28, f. 100; Obs. vii. 37... 56 fulgidus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 4, firmus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 267; f. 10; Obs. iv. 47.... 38 Obs. xii. 27..... 45 fuliginosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. Fisherianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 17, f. 19; Obs. iv. 52.... 53 4, f. 8; Obs. ii. 8.... 60 fuligo. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 154. 63 flabellatus, f. GolcZf. Bronn. Petrif. ii. 182 65 fulmineus. Phili. Conch. iii. 46.. 31 flabellifer, f. Noul. Grat. Moll. 48.. 65 fulvus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 13, flavescens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 3, f. 39; Obs. i. 208.... 5 f. 9; Obs. iv. 46....43 fumatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 88; flavicans. Vid. Separatabdruck, 1856, p. 76 63 Obs. vi. 88......52 flavidulus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 97; funebralis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 378; Obs. viii. 101..... 40 Obs. x. 14......55 flavus. Con. Monog. pl. 41, f. 2.. 37 furvus. Con. Fresh Water Shells, pl. 6, flexuosus? Con. Monog. pl. 4.. 30 f.3....... 63 INDEX OF SPECIES. 119 PAGE PAGE fuscatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl. 40, gibbosus. Con. Monog. pl.2., f. 1. 34 f. 4; Obs. iv. 35.... 48 gibbosus? Rf. An. des Sci. Phys. v. 315 34 fusculus. Miihl. Rossm. Icon. pl. 15. 47 Gibbsii, f. Forbes. Rec. Scien. ii. t. 2, fuscus. Zieg Pfeiff.?.... 47 p. 6.......65 Gabbianus. Lea. JI. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 295; gibbus. Speng. Skriv. Nat. Hist. iii.. 63 Obs. xii. 55..... 35 gigas (Lymnadia). Swain. Malac. 265, 378 28 Gabonensis. Kiist. Mar. & Chem. No. 312 47 glaber. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 10, Gacitana (Miyc). Lin. Syst. Nat. 3221. 31 f. 29; Obs. ii. 34... 48 Galloprovincialis, f. Mcathe. Cab. 168. 65 glc7brata. Laml. An. sans Ver. vi. 75. 51 gangrenosus. Schmidt. Bull. Imp. N. H. glandaceus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na: Sci. v. 77; Moscow..... 63 Obs. viii. 81... 38 Gardannensis, f. Mathe. Cat. 170.. 65 glans. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pi. 8, f. G-argottw. Phili. Moll. Sicil. i. 66.. 60 12; Obs. i. 92.. 49 Gassiesii. Grat. MSS. label... 53 glaucinus. Ziegl. Porro. Malac. 115. 63 Gastonensis. Lea. JI.Acad.Na.Sci.vi. 20; glebulus. Say. Transyl. J1. iv. 1831, and Obs. xi. 24......51 Am. Conch. pi. 34.... 55 Gaudichaudii. Eyd. Mag. Zool. 1838, pl. globosa (Symp.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. 118....... 50 pl. 4, f. 12; Obs. i. 153... 42 Geddingsianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. Goascoranensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. pl. 11, f. 15; Obs. iii. 40... 53 258; Obs. vii. 76.... 45 geminns. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 63; Gontierii. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zo. 1857 44 Obs. vi. 63..... 41 Gouldii. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 6, generosus. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. f. 16; Obs. iv. 50.... 46 Nov. 1850...... 29 Gouldianus. Wcard. Jay's Cat...56 Genthii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 57; gracilentus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. viii. Obs. viii. 61..... 41 58; Obs. viii. 62.. 60 genuinus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 305; gracilior. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci, iv. 56; Obs. xii. 64..... 45 Obs. vi. 56 45 geometricus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pi. 4, gracilis. Barnes. Am. Jl. Sci. vi... 28 f. 10; Obs. i. 150.... 54 gracilis (Metap.) Stimp. Moll. N. Eng. 14 29 Georgianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. gracilis (Symp.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pl. 21, f. 49; Obs. iii. 73... 42 452; Obs. i. 66.... 28 Georgina. Lamn. An. sans Ver. vi. pl. 74. 51 Graellsianus. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1865. 59 Gerbicloni. Eyd. Mag. Zool. 1838, pl. 118 47 Granadensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. Gerhardtii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 208; 293; Obs. xii. 53... 35 Obs. ix. 30... 35 grandensis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. Jan. germanus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 49; 30, 1855...... 63 Obs. xi. 53.... 49 grandidens. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 205; gibba. Ufhl. Rossm. Icon. f. 20.. 47 Obs. ix. 27.....34 gibber. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 10, grandis, f. Held. Bronn. Zeits. Wiirtt. 80 65 f. 30; Obs. ii. 35.. 37 graniferus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. Gibbesianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. 19, f. 60; Obs. ii. 69.. 34 pl. 12, f. 2; Obs. v. 10... 54 graniger. Ziegy. Schmidt Conch. 26. 59 gibbosa (Mya). Eat. Zool. Text Book, 220 61 granosus. Brug. Jl. de l'Hist. Nat. i.. 34 gibbosus. Bar. Am. J1. Sci. vi... 61 granosus. Schum. Nov. Syst. pl. 11, f. 1. 54 gibbosus. YKfst. Cab. ix. 28... 40 granosus, f. S. WVooc. Crag. Moll. ii. 98. 65 120 INDEX OF SPECIES. PAGE PAGE granulatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 48; heros. Say. Dissem. 1829... 29 Obs. xi. 52......49 heterodon. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pl. 8, granuliferus. Dunk7er. Menke's Zeits. 1848, f. 11; Obs. i. 42.... 36 p. 182.. 63 hians (largar.) Valen. Rec. d'Obs. Zool. gratiosus. Phizi. Conch. i. 20..32 pl. 54, f. 2... 68 gratus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 382; Higginsii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 188; Obs. x. 18..... 56 Obs. ix. 10......41 gravidus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 292; Hildrethianus (Margar.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Obs. vi. 12..... 28 Soc. v. pl. 3, f. 8; Obs. i. 148.. 69 gravis (iyia). lWVood. Index Test. Supp. f. 6 43 hippopaeus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 1, Grayanus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 9, f. 1; Obs. iv. pl. 41....31 f. 26; Obs. i. 178.... 32 Hisanicus. lfoquin. Rossm. Icon. ii. pl. 56 48 Greenii. Con. Fr. Water Shells, pl. 4, f. 1 42 Hjalmarsoni. Dunk. Malak. Blatt, 1858 63 G-relloisianus. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1856, Hochstetterii. Krauss. Peter's Mocr. vii. 10 63 p. 71.......44 Holstonensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. Griffithianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 15, f. 27; Obs. iii. 50... 38 pl. 15, f. 46; Obs. i. 215... 52 Homsensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 249; Groenlandicus. Schrobt. Flussconch. 181. 63 Obs. xii. 9......31 Gualterii, f. Fit. Sow. M. Ch. iv. 179. 65 Hopetonensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. Guaraanianus. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. pl. 9, f. 24; Obs. ii. 29... 51 62, p. 37......31 Housei. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 291; gubernaculum. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 146 34 Obs. vi. 11.... 28 Gundlachi. Dunk. Malak. Blatt, 1858. 35 Houstonensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. Haleianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. 358; Obs. viii. 40.... pl. 27, f. 63; Obs. iii. 85... 49 Hubbardii, f. Gabb. Calif. Survey, ii. 190 65 Hainesianus. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 289; IHueti. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1855, Obs. vi. 9.... 28 332..... 63 Hallenbeckii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. humerosoides, f. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 328; Obs. viii. 10.... 52 1868, 163.... 65 Hanleyanus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. humerosus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. pi. 23, f. 37; Obs. v. 35... 40 301; Obs. xii. 61... 51 Hartmanianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. humilis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 296; 73; Obs. viii. 77... 38 Obs. vi. 16...... 32 Haydeni, f. leek. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 1860 65 Hunteri, f. Hislop. J1. Geo. Soc. xvi. 174 65 Haysianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. hyalinus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 2, 3, f.7; Obs. i. 147... 41 f. 4; Obs. iv. 43.... 62 Hazlehurstianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. hybridus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. ii. 123. 65 iv. 211; Obs. vii. 29.... 60 Hydianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 6, hebes. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 18, f. 14; Obs. ii. 14... 44 f. 21; Obs. v. 23..... 51 hylus. D'Ob. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p.36 31 hebetatus. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 296 38 ianthinus. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 46. 63 Heermannii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. icterinus. Con. Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 6, f. 5 54 195; Obs. ix. 16.... 28 imbricatus, f. Hislop. Jl. Geo. Soc. xvi.. 65 Hembeli. Con. Monog. pl. 51, f. 1.. 32 imbricatus. iodrch. Peter's Mocr. vii. 170 63 hepaticus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 348; imnperialis. More. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1862 28 Obs. viii. 30..... 52 incerta, f. M. de Serr. Grat. Moll. 48. 65 INDEX OF SPECIES. 121 PAGE PAGE incrassatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. Jacobseus. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 44. 63 pl. 16, f. 34; Obs. iii. 55... 37 Jacueminii. Dup2.G Cat. Extra Gall. Test. 63 incurvus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 13, Jamesianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 52; f. 27; Obs. i. 107.... 54 Obs. vi. 52..... 50 incurvus, f. S. WVood. Crag. Moll. ii. 98. 65 Japanensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 244; Indicus. Sow. Conch. Icon. No. 322. 31 Obs. vii. 62......31 indefinitus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 15; jaspideuis (Mono?). Hz6e. An. Neuv. et R. Obs. xi. 19......51 17, f. 2.....37 ineptus. Lea.. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 15, Javanus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. f. 12; Obs. v. 17..... 50 18, f. 37; Obs. iii. 58... 46 inflatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. p1. 14, Jayanus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 9, f. 28; Obs. i. 109.... 28 f. 23; Obs. ii. 28.... 60 inflatus. Ba'. Am. J1. Sci. v. 6.. jejunus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 4, inflatus. Stuc. Schweizer Conch. 30. 59 f. 9; Obs. ii. 9.... 51 infucatus. Con. New Fr. Water Shells, pi. Jenkinsianus. Bens. An. and Mag. 1863. 63 3, f. 2......30 Jewettii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 276; Ingallsianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. Obs. xii. 36....51 pi. 24, f. 41; Obs. v. 38... 58 Johannis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 343; inornatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 292; Obs. viii. 25..... 41 Obs. vi. 13.....47 Jonesii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 340; inornatus. Han. Reeve. Icon. No. 147. 46 Obs. viii. 21.....48 instructus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 82; Jordanicus. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1856, p. Obs. viii. 86.....38 78.......44 insulsus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 53; Juliani. Rang. An. de Mus. iv. 307. 63 Obs. viii. 57.....53 Keraudreni. Eyd. Mag. de Zool. 1838, pi. intermedius. Con. Monog. pi. 35, f. 2. 33 118, f. 1. 46 interruptus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. Kienerianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 6, f. 15; Obs. ii. 15....43 23, f. 40; Obs. v. 37.... 34 interruptus. Con. Monog. p1. 48.. 50 Kirchbergensis, f. frauss. Die Moll. der interruptus. Say. Transy. Jl. iv. 1831; Am. Ter........41 Conch. pi. 33..... 31 Kirkii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 32; Obs. intercedens. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 77; xi. 36.......30 Obs. vi. 77......45 Kirtlandianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. interventus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 84; pi. 14, f. 41; Obs. i. 210... 56 Obs. viii. 88.....40 Kleinianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pi. inusitatis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 333; 17, f. 18; Obs. v. 21.... 30 Obs. viii. 15.. 51 Kraussii. Lea. (Castalia sulcata, Krauss.) involutus. Bens. Wood's Index, pl. 23. 37 Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 376... 23 involutus. Ean. Reeve. Icon. No. 177. 49 Kullethensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. iridescens. Con. Cover of Monog. No. 11 63 251; Obs. xii. 11..... 53 iris. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii p. l.11, f. 18; Kurrii. uiist.?.... 48 Obs. i. 53......60 Labacensis. Zieg. Rossm. Icon. No. 2, p. 21 47 irrasus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 91; lacaziana, f. Drap. Grat. Moll. 48.. 41 Obs. viii. 95..... 38 lacrymosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pl. irroratus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pl. 5, 6, f. 8; Obs. i. 14... 32 f. 5; Obs. i. 11..... 34 lacteolus. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. 1835, p. 34 46 31 122 INDEX OF SPECIES. PAGE PAGE lacteonus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 8, Leioma. Ben. An. & Mag. 1862.. 63 f. 19; Obs. i. 152.... 46 lemovicense. Fer.?... 59 levigatus. Kiist. Conch. Cab..... 59 lenior. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 12, lsevirostris. Ben. An. and Mag. 1862. 63 f. 18; Ohs. iii. 42.... 62 lsevis (Allorisma), f. Eichw. Thier. p. 12 65 lenis. Con. Monog. pl. 58, f. 2... 41 levissima. Desh. An. sans Ver. vi... 28 lens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 8, f. 10; lsvissima (Symph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. Ohs. i. 90...... 55 iii. pl. 13, f. 23; Ohs. i. 58... 28 lepidior. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 389; lhevissimus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pi. Obs. x. 25...... 53 13, f. 23; Obs. x. 61.... 28 lepidus. Gould. Pro. Bost. S. N. H. vi. 15 39 Lamarckianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. leprosus. Miles. Geol. Sur. Mich. 248. 35 pl.17, f. 20; Obs. v. 22... 34 lep2tocon. Con. Monog. pi. 33... 61 lamellatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pi. 6, Lesleyi. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 352; f. 16; Obs. ii. 19.. 46 Obs. viii. 34..... 40 Lampreyanus. Baird & Ad. Pro. Zool. Soc. Lesueurianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. 1867...... 30 p. 8, f. 6; Obs. iii. 33.... 56 lanceolatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pl. Levedensis, f. (Pachyodon). Brown. An. N. 3, f.2; Obs. i. 8... 57 Hist. xii. t. 16, f.8.... 65 Landbeckii. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, 45. 63 Lewisii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na.Sci.v. 71; Obs. Laonensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 63; viii. 75.....56 Obs. xi. 67......62 liasinus, f. Schiib. Zieten Table, 233. 65 lapillus. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 41.. 49 Liebmanni. Phili. Menke's Zeits. 1847, and Largillierti. Phili. MenkeZeits.1847, p.94 63 Conch. iii. 27.....48 Lartetii, f. Noul. Grat. Moll. 48.. 65 lienosus. Con. Am. J1. Sci. xxv. pl. 1, f.4, latecostatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pi. and Monog. p. 91... 45 1, f. 2; Obs. iv. 42.... 31 igamentina. Desh. An. sans Ver. 2 ed.. 42 lateralis, f. Brown. An. N. Hist. xii. t. 15, ligamentinus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 72 43 f. 3.......65 ligamentoides, f. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. latiplicatus, f. Noul. Grat. Moll. 48.. 65 1868, p. 164..... 65 latiradiatus. Con. Monog. p. 96.. 27 ligula. Mousson. Moll. von Java, 94. 63 latirostris. Kiist. Conch. Cab. 86.. 59 Limagne?. Bouil. Bouil. Cal. 81.. 58 latissimus. Sow. Conch. Icon. 337.. 40 limatulus. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. i. 276. 52 latus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 334; Obs. limosus. Nilss. Hist. Moll. Sues. 110. 59 viii. 16...... 57 Lincecumii. Lea. Ji. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 312; Lavateri, f. Goldf. Petr. ii. 182.. 65 Obs. vi. 72......31 Layardii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 243; Lindsleyi. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 351; Obs. vii. 61......46 Obs. viii. 33..... 43 Laymontianus, f. Noul. Grat. Moll. 48. 65 lineatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pi. 12, Lazarus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 14, f. 20; Obs. iii. 44... 41 f. 9; Obs. v. 15..... 62 lineolatus. Say. Am. Conch. 68.. 37 Leaii. Gray. Griffith's Cuvier, xii. 21, and linguseformis. Lea. J1. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. 345; Ben. J1. As. Soc. 1855...34 Obs. viii. 27..... 48 Lecontianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. liratus. Shuttsworth's label. Haines' Cat. 30 pl. 12, f. 36; Obs. ii. 40... 41 Listeri, f. Sow. Min. Conch. ii. pl. 23. 65 Leibii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 44; Obs. lithophagus. Ziegi...... 58 xi. 48.......36 litoralis. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 76. 54 INDEX OF SPECIES. 123 PAGE PAGE litoralis, f. Dr ap. Mag. N. ]H. 1833, p. 41 65 Mardinensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 252; Livingstonensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. Obs. xii. 12..... 53 14; Obs. xi. 18..... 52 margaritacea. Drap. Moll. pl. 10.. 62 lobata. De Cr. and Jan. Cat. Collectionum 59 margaritica. Klein. Meth. Ostrac. 145. 59 locellus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 264; margaritiferus. Drap. Hist. Moll. pl. 10. 63 Obs. xii. 24.... 47 margaritiferus, f. HIorn. Bronn... 65 longidentatus. Anton. Verz. der Conch.. 63 marginalis. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 79. 60 longirostris. Ziegl. Rossm. Icon. pl. 14. 59 marginis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 255; Long-thick-horse-muscle. Petiv. Gazophy. vi. 59 Obs. xii. 15.....49 longus. Phi/i. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 44. 63 Martinii, f. Fit. Sow. Min. C. iv. 179. 65 lucidus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 9; Obs. Masoni. Con. Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 5, f. 2. 55 xi. 13.......48 Massini. More. Jl. de Conch. 1864, p. 288 63 lugubris. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 9, JMatoniana (Mfyt.) D'O0rb. Mag. deZool. No. f. 25; Obs. ii. 30.. 53 62, p. 35... 56 lugubris. Say. Am. Conch.pl. 43.. 61 Maritianus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 257; hlnulifer. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1856, p. 71 37 Ohs. vii. 75...... 42 luridus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 20, Mecklenbergensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. f. 29; Obs. v. 29..... 48 vi. 17; Obs. xi. 21.... 51 luteolus. Con. Monog. pl. 23... 42 Medellinus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. luteolus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 79. 44 12, f. 34; Obs. ii. 34.... 45 luteus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 291; mediocris. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 24; Obs. vi. 11......46 Obs. xi. 28......52 lutulentus. Gould. Wilkes' U. S. Exp. xii. medius. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 78; 428.......52 Obs. viii. 82..... 40 Lyonii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 259; megapterus. More. Jl. de Conch. 1864, p. 159 63 Obs. xii. 19......56 melinus. Con. Monog. pl. 55, f. 1.. 44 Maccarthyanus. Bourg. Moll. Nouv. 221 63 melleus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 250; macer. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 202; Obs. Obs. vii. 68..... 35 ix. 24......51 membranaceus (Myt.) Mat. Linn. Trans. x. macilentus. Ben. An. & Mag. 1862..63 pl. 24.......55 Maconensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 93; Menkei, f. Koch & D. Beitr. Ool. pl. 7, f. 1 65 Obs. vi. 93..... 60 Menkianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. macrodon. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 193; 19, f. 59; Obs. ii. 76... 43 Obs. ix. 15......37 Menzieni. Gray -?.... 46 macropterus. Dunk. Zeits. Mal. 1846, p. 109 28 Mercerii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 209; maculatus. Con. Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 4, f. 4 38 Obs. ix. 31..... 61 Malcolmsonii, f. Hislop. J1. Geo. Soc. xvi. merdiger. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 145. 63 174....... 65 erdiger. Walsh. Jay's Cat.... 48 mamillalus, f. Hislop. J1. Geo. Soc. xvi. 175 65 Meridithii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 65; manca. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 80.. 59 Obs. viii. 69..... 35 Mandarinus. More. Jl. de Conch. 1865, p. Merodabensis. V. dem rBusch. Conch. Cab. 63 19...... 32 merus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 15, f. Mandelslohi, f. Dunk. Palaeontologia, iv. 21 65 10; Obs. v. 16..... 54 Mantelli, f. Fit. Sow. Min. Conch. vi. 189 65 metalZicus. Say. Dissem. 1831.. 61 mannbius. Goudcl. Pro. Bos. Soc. Nat. IHist. metanevra (Teliderma). Swain. Malac. 271 33 Aug. 1855...... 54 metanevrus. Raf. Ann. des Sci. Phys. v. 305 33 124 INDEX OF SPECIES. PAGE PAGE metastriatus. Con. Monog. pl. 57, f.2. 63 Mosambicensis. Mart. Peters' Mocr. vii. 218 63 Mexicanus. Phili. Menke's Zeits. 1847, p. Mosulensis. Lea. JI. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 52; 95, and Conch. pi. 6, f. 3...53 Obs. xi. 56.....48 ]iexicanus. Sow. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 281 50 Moulinsianus. Dup. Moll. de la France. 48 micellus. More. Jl. de Conch. 1865, p. 21 63 Moussonianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. micans. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 59; pl. 18, f. 22; Obs. v. 24... 46 Obs. viii. 63....45 mucidus. More. Moll. du Port. 111.. 59 Michaucliana. Des iioul. Lin. Soc. Bord. mucronatus. Bar. Am. J1. Sci. vi... 61 vi. pi. 27....58 Muelleri. Rossmr. Icon. ii. pl. 40.. 59 Michonii (Monoc.) Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. Miihlfeldianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. 74.......72 pl. 12, f. 36; Obs. ii. 41... 48 micropterus. Mlfore. Jl. de Conch. 1866, 63 63 multidentatus. PXZi. Conch. iii. 46. 50 minor. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl. 39, multiplicatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. f. 3; Obs. iv. 34... 49 pl. 4, f. 2; Obs. i. 80... 29 minutus, f. Purch. Bronn. Palse. 55. 65 multiypicata. Desh. (An. sans Vert. 2d ed.) 30 Mississippiensis. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. i. multiradiatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. 277..... 60 pi. 9, f. 15; Obs. i. 48... 42 modestus. Fer.?.. 54 multistriatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. modicellus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. pi. 12, f. 22; Obs. i. 101... 31 347; Obs. viii. 29.... 41 mundus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 40; modicus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 204; Obs. xi. 44......40 Obs. vii. 22.....40 Murchisonianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. modiolaris, f. Sow. Geol. Tr. 2 ser. v. t. 39, v. pl. 3, f. 6; Obs. i. 145... 32 f. 10.....65 Murrayensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. modioliformis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. 303; Obs. xii. 62.... 40 pl. 13, f. 40; Obs. i. 209... 44 musivus..Speny. Skrivter Nat. Hist. v. 3 63 modioliformis Say. MSS.... 40 mutabilis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 248; moestus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 26, Obs. vii. 66..... 53 60; Obs. iii. 82..... 49 mutatus. fouss. Moll. von Java, 92. 46 Moinee. Phili. Conch. iii. 50... 53 Myersianus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. monodontus. Say. Dissem. & Am. Conch. 290; Obs. vi. 10..... 28 pl. 6....... 62 mytioiodes (Uniopsis). Swain. Mala. 382. 39 Mongolicus (Marga.) Midd. Sibi. Reise. 27, mytiloides. Sh. & Eat. Transyl. J1. Med. f. 7......69 Feb. 1831......39 Monroensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl. mytiloides. Raf. Ann. des Sci. Phys. v. 313 39 41, f. 8; Obs. iv. 37.... 46 mytiloides. Con. Am. J1. Sci. xxv. pl. 1, f. montanus. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, 48. 63 7, and Monog. pi. 20.... 39 Mooresianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. mytiloides. Desh. Ency. Meth. pl. 249. 63 39; Obs. xi. 43.... 39 Nagpoorensis. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 270; Moquinianus. Depuy. Essai sur les Moll. Obs. vii. 88......38 p. 80...... 47 nana. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 76. 54 Moravicus. Jay's Catalogue.. 63 nana, f. S. WVood. Crag. Moll. ii. 98. 65 Moreleti. Desh. Exp. Sci. d'Algeria, pi. 109 60 Napeanensis. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 296 30 Morini. More. Test. Nov. No. 2, p. 25. 63 Nashvilliensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. Mortoni. Con. Monog. pi. 6, f. 1.. 34 pi. 14, f. 43; Ohs. i. 212... 45 Mortonicus. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 118. 43 nasuta (Ifya). ];riood. Ind. Test.Supp. pl. 1 60 INDEX OF SPECIES. 125 UNIO. UNIO. PAGE PAGE nasuta. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 75. 61 nitidens. Fer. MSS..... 63 nasutoides, f. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. nobilis. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 297. 33 1868, p. 163.... 65 nocturnus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 380; nasutulus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 12; Obs. x. 16..... 56 Obs. xi. 16......60 nodiferus. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. viii. 179, nasutus. Say. Nich. Ency. art. Conch.. 60 and New Ser. i. 277.... 33 Natalensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 59; nocdosa (lya). Eat. Zool. Text Book. 33 Obs. xi. 73...... 32 nodosa (Mya). Lin. Syst. Nat. 3222.. 59 Nathusii. Kiist. Syst. Conch. Cab. ix. 92 59 nocosus. Bar. Am. J1. Sci. vi... 33 naviculoides. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. nodulatus. Con. Monog. pl. 45, f. 1. 33 94; Obs. vi. 94..... 60 nodulosa (ya). ood's Conch. t.22, f. 1-4 27 naviformis. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 75. 35 nodulosa. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 78. 58 navigioliformis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. Northamptonensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 245; Obs. vii. 63.. 31 v. 190; Obs. ix. 12.... 51 nebulosus. Con. Fr. Wat. Shells, 28. 60 notatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 8, negatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 76; f. 22; Obs. ii. 28..... 45 Obs. viii. 80..... 35 Nove-Hollandiae. Gray. Pro. Zool. Soc. neglectus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl. 1834.......35 42, f. 10; Obs. iv. 38.... 54 Novi-Eboraci. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. Neislerii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 212; pl. 24, f. 114; Obs. ii. 104... 60 Obs. vii. 30..... 29 nubilus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 298; nessorynchus. HelZd. Kiist. Conch. ix. 116 48 Obs. xii. 58.....51 Neusensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 60; nucalis, f. Meelk & Hayden. Pro. Acad. Na. Obs. viii. 64.... 51 Sci. Mar. 1858..... 66 Newcombianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. nuciformis, f. fibb. Tr. Rol. S. Ed. xiii. 245 66 iii. 312; Obs. vi. 32.... 36 nucleopsis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. nexus. Say. Transyl. Ji. Med. iv. 1831; and J1. Acad. Na. Sci. i. 276.. 56 Am. Conch. pl. 51.... 36 nucleus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 306; Nicaraguensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. Obs. vi. 26.....30 296; Obs. xii. 56.... 35 nuculinus. Phili. Menke's Zeits. 1848, p. Nicklinianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. 176....... 63 pl. 1, f. 1; Obs. i. 140.... 28 nuperus. Ziegl. MSS..... 63 nigellus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 24, Nuttallianus. Lea. Ji. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. f. 42; Obs. v. 39... 52 310; Obs. vi. 30... 47 niger. Con. Monog. pl. 26... 37 nux. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pi. 24, f. 43; niger? Raf. An. des Sci. Phys. v. 291. 37 Obs. v. 39......49 nigerissimus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. nuxpersicus. Dunk. Menke's Zeits. 1848, pi. 18, f. 23; Obs. v. 24... 49 p. 83....... 32 nigricans. Fitz. Sys. Vertz. 119. 63 Nyassse. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. 224 30 nigrinus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 24, Nyassaensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. f. 44; Obs. v. 40..... 62 33; Obs. xi. 37..... 30 Niloticus. Fer. CailL Voy. a Merod, ii. 50 obesus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. p1. 13, Nilssonii, f. Kock. Beitr. zur Kenn. Ool. 18 66 f. 26; Obs. i. 106.... 50 nitens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pi. 12, obfuscus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 197; f. 19; Obs. iii. 43.... 45 Obs. vii. 15..... 45 32 126 INDEX OF SPECIES. UNIO. UNIO. PAGE PAGE oblatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 13; orbiculatus. Hild. Am. J1. Sci. xiv.. 43 Obs. ii. 17......60 Orbignyi. Deville & Hu2pp. Rev. & Mag. de obliqua (liyac). WVood. Index Test. Supp. Zool. 1850, pl. 16, f. 1...37 pl. 2....... 39 Oregonensis. Lec. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. obliquiracliatus. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 151. 44 22, f. 33; Obs. v. 31.... 45 obliquus. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 72. 38 oriens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 6, f. obiquus. Con. Monog. pl. 43, f. 2.. 56 5; Obs. i. 83..... 69 oblitus. Lea. Note, ante, p. 64.. 64 orientalis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. oblongata (lMya). Wood. Index Test. Supp. 18, f. 38; Obs. iii. 59.... 61 pl. 2.......44 orientalis. Per. ~?.. 63 obnubilus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 84; orientalis. Parr. Label.... 63 Obs. vi. 84......53 orientalis. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. 78. 48 obscurus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 3, ornatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 85; f. 7; Obs. ii. 7.... 45 Obs. viii. 89..... 57 obtusa. Fer. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, Orontesensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. p.35......53 33; Obs. xi. 57..... 52 obtusa. Potier and Mich. Gal. des Moll.. 63 Orphaensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 25; obtusa. Cuv. Reg. Anim. New Ed. p1. 92 56 Obs. xii. 10......52 obtusus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pi. 11, orthonotus, f. Con. New York Geol. Sur. f. 13; Obs. iii. 39... 62 1839, p. 66......66 occatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 398; Ortonii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 321; Obs. x. 34......31 Obs. xii. 81.... 28 occidens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pl. 10, Osbeckii. Phili. Conch. iii. 45.. 32 f. 16; Obs. i. 49... 41 ostreatus. MJ/ore. Test. Nov. No. 1, p. 29. 63 occidens. Desh. An. sans Vert. 2d ed.. 37 Othcaloogensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. occidentalis. Con. Monog. pi. 36, f.. 53 74; Obs. vi. 74.....38 occultus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl.41, ovalis (JMya). Soland. MSS... 47 f. 7; Obs. iv. 37..... 48 ovaUis (Mya). lonta. Test. Brit. 34.. 58 ochracea (Sym.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. ovalis, f. Turton. (Anthacosia, King). Man. 455; Obs. i. 69.. 42 297, t. 2, f. 12..... 66 ochracea (Lampsilis). Stimp. Shells of New ovalis. Retz. Nov. Test. Genera.. 58 Eng. p. 14......42 ovata (Mysca). Tqrt. Man. 21, p. 2.. 55 ochraceus. Say. Nich. Ency. art. Conch. 42 ovata (iyglia). Swain. Malacol. 378. 37 Ocmulgeensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. ovata (Jlysca). Swain. Malacol, 277.. 58 95; Obs. viii. 99.... 57 ovata. Valen. Voy. de Humboldt.. 42 Ogeecheensis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. ovata (lya). Don. Brit. Shells, pl. 122. 58 and J1. New Ser. i. 275... 42 ovata. Stud. Schweizer Conch. 30.. 58 olivarius. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 16, ovatus. Say. Nich. Ency. Am. ed. Conch. f. 38; Obs. i. 118....47 pl. 2, f.7......37 opacus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 86; oviformis. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. Obs. vi. 86.....52 3, f.......40 opalinus. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. 1865, p. 140 61 oxyrynchus. Alfart. Peters' Mocr. vii. 57 63 Opperti (Alonoc.?) Bourg. Mag. Zool. 1856 72 pachysoma. Ben. An. & Mag. 1862.. 63 oratus. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. and Paivanus. Mlore. J1. de Conch. 1864, p. Jl. New Ser. i. 276....42 227.......63 INDEX OF SPECIES. 127 UNIO. UNIO. PAGE PAGE paliatus. Ravenel's Letter.... 53 Pearlensis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. Jan. pailens. Parr. Rossm. Icon. xi. 13.. 59 30, 1855......29 pallescens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 7, pectitus. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 297. 40 f. 20; Obs. iv. 53. 43 pectorosus. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 6, pallidofulvus. Lea. JI. Acad. Na. Sci. v. f........ 41 83; Obs. viii. 87.... 40 peculiaris. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 265; paludicolus. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Obs. xii. 25.... 47 Hist. Aug. 1845..... 54 Peguensis. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. i. 351. 51 paludosus. 2ore. Test. Nov. No. 1, 30. 63 pellis-lacerti. More. J1. de Conch. 1865.32 Panacoensis. Phial. Conch. i. 75.. 50 pellucidus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 2, papyraceus. Gould. Bost. J1. Nat. Hist. f. 6; Obs. iv. 44..... 62 Aug. 20, 1845..... 62 Penchinatianus. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1865 59 paradoxus, f. Fisch. Bronn's Leth. Geog. 63 penicillatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 203; Paraguayensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. Ohs. vii. 21......32 271; Obs. xii. 31.... 45 penitus. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 5, parallelopipedon. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. f. 1.......36 v. pi. 8, f. 20; Obs. i. 172... 58 penultimus, f. Gabb. Geol. Sur. Calif. Paparallelus. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. viii. lseont. i. 182.. 66 179.......63 Pequottinus. Linsley. Am. JI. Sci. 1845, parallelus, f. Sow. Geol. Tr. 2 Ser. v. t. p. 277......63 39, f. 8.....66 perseformis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 384; Paramattensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. Obs. x. 20...... 55 60; Obs. xi. 64... 35 percoarctatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. Paranensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 59; Obs. viii. 63.. 51 14, f. 42; Obs. i. 211.... 55 perdix. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 11, parcus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 262; f. 31; Obs. i. 184.... 41 Obs. xii. 22.....47 peregrinus, f. Phili. Geol. Yorkshire, 115 66 parma. Bens. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 514. 31 perlatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 15; Parreyssi. Phili. Conch. iii. 81.. 50 Obs. xi. 19.....60 parvulus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 45; perlucens. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 18; Obs. xi. 49......32 Obs. xi. 22......45 parvus. Bar. Am. J1. Sci. 1823.. 49 permiscens. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 102; Patagonicus. D'Orb. Voy. So. Am. pl. 70 61 Obs. viii. 106..... 61 patelloides. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 383; pernodosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. 318; Obs. x. 19......56 Obs. iv. 45..... 34 patulus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pl. 12, perobliquus. Con. Cover of No. 9, Monog. f. 20; Obs. i. 55... 40 and Monog. 51... 41 paulus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pi. 15, perovalis. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. f. 29; Obs. iii. 51.. 49 2,f.2......42 pauperculus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 99; perovatus. Con. Am. J1. Sci. xxv. pl. 1, Obs. viii. 103..... 55 f.3.......42 Pawensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 302; perpastus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 69; Obs. xii. 62.....51 Obs. viii. 73..... 43 Pazii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 61; Obs. perpictus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 3,0; xi. 95...... 39 Obs. viii. 32..... 44 128 INDEX OF SPECIES. UNIO. UNIO. PAGE PAGE perplexus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pi. pictorum (Mfya). Lin. Syst. Nat. 1112. 59 17, f. 42; Obs. i. 122.... 34 ictorum (Miysca). Turt. Manual, 20. 59 perplicatus. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. i. pictus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 11, and J1. Acad. Na. Sci. viii. 178, and i. f. 32; Ohs. i. 185.... 43 New Ser. 276..... 29 piger. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 387; Obs. perpurpureus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. x. 23....... 46 46; Obs. xi. 50.....48 pilaris. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 14, perradiatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 66; f. 24; Ohs. iii. 47.. 56 Ohs. viii. 70..... 37 pilatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 281; personatus. Say. Dissem. 1829. 38 Obs. xii. 41..... 47 perstriatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. pileus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 18, 12, f. 3; Obs.v.11.... 57 f. 47; Os.i. 129.... 38 persulcatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 255; pinax. Ben. An. and Mag. 1862.. 64 Ohs. vii. 73..... 36 pinguis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 78; pertenuis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 8; Obs. vi. 78.... 44 Obs. xi. 12.....62 pinguis, f. Sand. Conch. des Mainze, t. 28, Peruviana. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 71. 30 f. 6.......66 petrinus. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. N. Hist. piscinaiUs. Zieyl. Rossm. Icon. iii. 28 48 Aug. 1855......55 placitus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 33, petrosus, f. Mort. Am. Jl. Sci. xxix. p. 149 66 f. 38; Obs. v. 35..... 46 Petrovichii. Kiist. Syst. Conch. ix. 98. 59 plagiosoma. Ben. An. and Mag. 1862. 64 Petterianus. ]iTist. Syst. Conch. ix. 97. 49 plancus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 81; Pfeifferi. Dunker. Menke's Zeits. 1848, p. Obs. viii. 85..... 50 181....... 64 planicostatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. phaselus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 297; 354; Obs. viii. 36.... 43 Obs. vi. 17.... 32 planilaterus. Con. Monog. pl. 57, f. 1. 51 phaseolus. Hilc. Am. Jl. Sci. xiv...61 planior. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 316; phaseolus, f. Sow. Trans. Geol. Soc. 2d Obs. xii. 76..... 35 Ser. v........66 pjanivalvis. More. Test. Nov. No. 2, 24. 64 Phillipsii. Con. Monog. pl. v.f. 1.. 33 planus. Stud. Schweiz. Conch. 30.. 47 Phillipsii, f. Williams. Phil. Mag. ix. 351 66 planus. Barnes. Am. J1. Sci. vi... 28 Philippii. Dup. Extra Gall. Test. Cat. 1849 64 planus, f. Romer. Nord. Ool. pl. 5.. 66 Pianensis. Farines. An. Sc. Nat. 2d Ser. Plantii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 192; ii. 118......54 Obs. vii. 10..... 43 Pianensis, f. S. WTood. Crag. Moll. ii. 98. 66 platyrhynchus. Rossm. Icon. f. 130. 58 piceus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 379; platyrhynchoides. Dup. Cat. Extra Gall. Obs. x. 15......53 Test........59 pictorum. Retz. Nova Test. Genera, 111. 58 plectophorus. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. i. 277 31 pictorumm. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 77. 66 plenus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 14, pictorum (Mya). Forslkal. Desc. Animalium, f. 26; Obs. iii. 49.... 39 123....... 50 exus. Con. Monog. pl. 49, f. 12.. 31 pictorum tenuis (JAya). Chem. Conch. Cab. pIlicata (Mya). Eat. Zool. Text Book. 30 vi. 7...... 44 plicatus. Lesueur. Say. Nich. Ency. Art. pictorum (Mya). Chem. Conch. Cab. vi. 7 47 Am. Conch...... 30 pictorum. I)rap. Moll. France, pl. 2. 47 plicatus. Con. Monog. p]. 65... 29 INDEX OF SPECIES. 129 UNIO. UNIO. PAGE PAGE plicatulus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 247; proechus. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool.. 59 Obs. vii. 65...... 31 profugus. ould. U.S. Exp. Exp. 429. 54 pliciferus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 17, propinquus. Lea... Acad. Na. Sci. v. 63; f. 53; Obs. ii. 6..... 31 Obs. viii. 67..... 34 plombarius. Villa. Cat. Moll. Lomb. 62. 64 proprius. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 256; Poeyanus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 315; Ohs. xii. 16..... 45 Obs. vi. 35...... 57 protensus. Lea. Ji. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 256; politus? Say. Synopsis; Am. Conch. No. 6 56 Obs. xii. 16..... 60 politus. Con. Monog. pl. 37, f. 2..56 proximus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. ponderosa (Mya). Soancd. Dill. Des. Cat. i. 51 32 20, f. 27; Obs. v. 27... 45 ponderosus. Spitz. Kiust. 88, pl. 23. 59 pruinosus. Sc/hmidt. Bull. Im. Soc. Nat. Popeii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 372; Hist. of Moscow?.... 48 Obs. viii. 54..... 57 pruneosus. Ziegl. MSS.... 64 porphyreus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 80; prunoides. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 323; Ohs. viii. 84..... 41 Os. xii. 83..... 47 porrectus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. 189.. 66 Prusii. Bourg. Rev. de Zool. 1856.. 51 porrectus. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 296. 64 psammoicus. )'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. pl. 71 30 Posteliii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 214; psamqnactinus. Bronn. Phili. Conch. iii. 79 31 Ohs. iv. 32......51 psoricus. llore. Test. Nov. No. 2,25. 64 Pouzsoni. Con. New Fr. Water Shells, 25 61 pudicus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 346; Powellii. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 19, Ohs. viii. 28..... 37 f. 25; Os. v. 26..... 44 Pugio. Ben. An. and Mag. 1862; and preelongus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi... 57 Reeve, 516..... 64 przrlonga (Mya). Wood. Index Test. Supp. pulchellus. Fer.?.... 64 pl. 11....... 57 pulcher. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 3, prasinatus. Con. Am. Jl. Conch. ii. 279. 64 f. 6; Obs. ii. 6..... 44 prasinus. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 3, pullatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 57; f. 1; Monog. pl 44... 33 Obs. vi. 57...... 60 Prattii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 206; pullus. Con. Monog. 100... 49 Obs. iv. 24...... 45 pulvinulus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 8, preciosus. Fer.?.... 64 f. 24; Obs. iv. 55.... 41 pressus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pl. 12, pumilis. Zieyl. MSS..... 50 f. 22; Obs. i. 64; Pro. Am. Ph. Soc. ii. pumilus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 7, 237......29 f. 17; Obs. ii. 23..... 37 Prevostianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. punctatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 261; pl. 19, f. 24; Obs. v. 25... 44 Obs. xii. 21...... 43 primigenius, f. Con. New York Geol. State puniceus. Hald. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. viii. 201 46 Report, 1839, p. 66.... 66 purpurascens (An.) Swain. Zool. Ill. pl. 160 61 priscus, f. lfeekc and Hayden. Pro. Acad. Jpu2rutrascens. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 73. 51 Na. Sci. June, 1856.... 66 purpuratus. Lanm. An. sans Ver. vi. 71. 61 problematicus, f. (Cardinia, D'Orb.) KlipRst. purpurea (An.) Valen. Humhboldt's Voy. zur Geol. Kennt. 265.... 66 pl. 48, his......47 productus. Con. Monog. pl. 14, f. 1.. 60 purpurea (llya). Eat. Text Book.. 51 productus. Mouss. Shells of Java, 93, t. 17, purpurellus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 198; f. 3, 5.......61 Obs. vii. 16......53 33 130 INDEX OF SPECIES. UNIO. UNIO. PAGE PAGE purpureus. Say. Nich. Ency. Am. Conch. 51 rarisulcata. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 72. 51 purpuriatus. Say. Dissem. 1831.. 64 rasus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 5; Obs. purus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 61; Obs. xi. 54, in errata. Should follow Mosulviii. 65......43 ensis.......40 pusillus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 18, Ravene7i. Con. New Fr. Water Shells, 39 53 f. 36; Obs. iii. 58. 48 Ravenelianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pustulatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 7, pl. 3, f. 5; Ohs. i. 144... 40 f. 9; Obs. i. 89..... 33 ravistellus. iffore. Test. Nov. No. 1, p. 29 40 pustulata. Swain. Malacol. 271.. 34 Ravoisieri. Desh. Exp. Sci. de l'Ag. 108 48 pustulosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 7, recta. Valen. Humboldt's Voy. 234. 57 f. 7; Obs. i. 86.... 33 recta (Ligumia). Swain. Malacol. 378. 57 Pybasii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 67; rectilinearis. Sow. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 332 64 Obs. viii. 71..... 45 rectus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 74.. 57 pygmaeus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pi. 15, Reeveianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. f. 14; Obs. v. 18..... 48 20, f. 28; Obs. v. 28.... 44 pyramidatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. reflexa? Raf. Ann. des Sci. Phys. v. 306 33 pl. 16, f. 39; Obs. i. 119... 39 reflexus. Con. Monog. pl. 4, f. 1.. 33 pyriformis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 69; refulgens. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 317; Obs. vi. 69......40 Obs. xii. 77......34 quadrans. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 360; regularis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. Obs. viii. 42..... 36 29, f. 59; Obs. iii. 81.... 45 quadratus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 338; reniformis. Schmidt. Drap. Moll. 11. 47 Obs. viii. 20.... 54 Requienii. Mich. Suppl. pl. 16.. 59 quadratus. Reeve. Conch. Icon... 32 retusus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 72. 56 quadrilaterus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. retusus. Held. Isis, 1836, p. 282.. 59 5; Obs. xi. 9..... 51 Retzii. ]iist.?.. 48 quadrulus. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 53.. 33 Reyniesii. Mich. Grat. Moll. 47. 64 radians. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 201; rhombeus. Way. Test. Braz. pl. 28.. 61 Obs. vii. 19..... 46 rhombium (Diplodon). Spix. Test. Braz. pl. radiata (JMya). Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3920. 44 28....... 61 radiata (3iya). Wood. Gen. Conch. 109. 44 rhomboicea (ilya). Schrbt. Fluss. pl. 2. 55 radiatoides, f. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. rhomboideus. Ward. MSS.... 50 1868, p. 163..... 66 rhombula. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 74. 51 radiatus. Hild. Am. Jl. Sci. xv. 286. 41 rhuacoicus. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, radiatus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 73. 44 36; and Voy. Am. MIer... 54 radula. Ben. Hanley's Supp. to Wood. 64 Riddellii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 198; Raeensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 331; Obs. ix. 20......38 Ohs. viii. 13.....52 ridibunds. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 5.. 40 Rajahensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. rigida? (JIya). Wood. Index Test. Supp. 23, f. 53; Obs. iii. 77... 38 f. 10...... 51 Raleighensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 6; riparia. Pfeif. Land and S. Moll. 118. 47 Obs. xi. 10......52 rivico us. Con. Am. Jl. Conch. iv. 280. 54 Rangianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. rivularis. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 296. 50 18, f. 26; Obs. ii. 95.... 40 Roanokensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. raripicata. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 71. 30 pl. 8, f. 21; Obs. ii. 27... 51 INDEX OF SPECIES. 131 UNIO. UNIO. PAGE PAGE Roanokoides, f. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. rufusculus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 14, 1868, p. 164.. 66 f. 7; Obs. v. 14..... 54 robustus, f. Sow. Geol. Trans. 2d Ser. v. 39 66 rugatus. Menke. Synopsis Moll. 90.. 48 Roisyi. Michaud. Compl. de Drap. 112. 69 rugosa. Poir. Hist. de l'Aisne.. 62 Rlomeri, f. Dunlc. Mon. Weald. pl. 11, f. 9 66 rugosa (Jfya). Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3222; Eat. Ronsii. Dup. Grat. Cat. Test. Coll... 59 Zool. Text Book, 216.... 30 rosaceus. Dekay. Moll. N. York, 192. 44 rugosa (Triquetra). icayg. Test. Brazil, pl. rosaceus. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. and 29......25 J1. i. 275...... 42 rugososulcatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. rostratus. Stud. Schweizer's Conch. 30. 58 266; Obs. xii. 26.... 35 rostratus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 77. 59 rugosus. Bar. Am. J1. Sci. vi... 33 rostratus. Valen. Cuv. R. An. pl. 92. 60 rugosus. Anton. Verz. der Conch.. 64 rostratus, f. S. Wood. Crag. Moll. ii. 98. 66 Iumphianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. rostriformis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 64; 22, f. 34; Obs. v. 32.... 33 Obs. vi. 64...... 60 rusticus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 294; rostrum. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 201; Obs. vi. 14......31 Obs. ix. 23......52 Rutersvillensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. Roswellensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 356; Obs. viii. 38.... 43 205; Obs. iv. 23..... 51 rutilans. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 59; Rothi. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1865, 16. 64 Obs. vi. 59...... 45 rotundatus. Lam. An. sans Ver, vi. 75. 55 sacculus. Anth. Am.J1. Conch. 1865, p. 157 42 rotunda? (Mfya) Vood. Ind. Test. Ed. 1 & Sageri. Con. Monog. pl. 29... 57 Ed. 2, f, 1......55 sagittseformis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. rotundus. Wag. (Diploodon, Spix.) Test. pl. 22, f. 35; Obs. v. 33... 60 Braz. pl. 26.. 56 sagittarius. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 298; Rousii. DuLp. Moll. France, pl. 28 and Cat. 64 Obs. vi. 18 58 Rouxii, f. Noul. Grat. Moll. 48.. 66 sagrinatus. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. 345 36 Rowellii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 256; Saladoensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. Obs. vii. 74..... 35 370; Obs. viii. 52.... 62 rubellinus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 70; salebrosus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 332; Obs. vi. 70..... 32 Obs. viii. 14..... 52 rubellus. Con. NewFr.Wat. Shells, pl. 6, f. 2 55 Sampsonii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 192; rubens. Hfenke. Synop. 2d Ed. 149.. 48 Obs. ix. 14......40 rubidus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 95; Sandrii. Viil. Cat. Moll. Lombardia. 48 Obs. viii. 99..... 35 Sapotalensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. rubiginosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. p1. 21, f. 47; Obs. iii. 71... 45 pl. 8, f. 10; Obs. i. 41... 37 Satillaensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. rubra? caf. Ann. des Sci. Phys. v. 314. 39 216; Obs. vii. 34.... 41 rudis. Con. Monog. pl. 43, f. 1..40 satur. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 17, f. rudus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 266; Obs. 19; Obs. v. 21..... 37 vii. 34......50 Saulcyi (Marg.) Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. rufofuscus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 282; pl. 3, f. 1 —3..... 72 Obs. xii. 42..... 31 Savannahensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. rufus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 85; Obs. 81; Obs. vi. 81..... 51 vi. 85...... 61 saxeus. Con. Monog. pl. 60, f. 1. 42 132 INDEX OF SPECIES. UNIO. UNIO. PAGE PAGE saxulum, f. Mort. Am. J1. Sci. xxix. 149 66 Sikkimensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. Sayii. Tacppan. Am. J1. Sci. xxxv. pl. 3, 251; Obs. vii. 69.... 62 f. 1.......50 siliquoidea (LLampsiis). Stiqmp. Shells of scatenia. Raf. Ann. des Sci. Phys. v. 309 40 New England, 14. 44 Scamnatus. More. Test. Nov. No. 1, p. 30 35 siliquoicleus. Bar. Am. J1. Sci. vi... 44 Schlegeli. Mcart. Peters' Mocr. vii. 55. 64 similis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 91; Schoolcraftii. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. Obs. vi. 91......53 3, f. 9; Obs. i. 149.... 33 simnonis. Trist. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1865. 64 Schwerzenbachii. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. simplex. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 5, 1856, p. 71......64 f. 15; Obs. iv. 50.... 42 scitulus. Lea.. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 342; simus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 8, f. Obs. viii. 22..... 45 20; Obs. ii. 26..... 50 Scobina. Ben. Hanley's Supp... 64 sinuata (Potamida). Swain. Malacol. 379 62 scobinatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci.iii. 299; sinuata? Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 70. 62 Obs. vi. 19...... 32 sinuatus (Marg.) Stud. Schweizer's Conch. scutulatus. M~ore. Test. Nov. No. 1, p. 30 64 30......69 scutum. Ben. Reeve's Conch. Icon. 510. 64 Sitifensis. MlHore. Jl. de Conch. 1851. 64 securiformis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. Sloatinus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. J1. i. 27......30 16, f. 33; Obs. iii. 55.... 31 securis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pl. 11, smaragdites. Ben. An. and Mag. 1862. 64 f. 17; Obs. i. 51... 57 Smithii. Gray. Griffith's Cuvier, xii. pl. semigranosus. Phiii. Conch. i. 19..34 20, f. 3......48 semiplicatus. Troschel. Wieg. Arch. 1841, Solandri, f. Sow. Min. Conch. t. 6, p. 29 66 p. 180.......64 soleniformis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. semiquadratus. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. pl. 10, f. 17; Obs. i. 97... 62 258....... 64 solida (Mfysca). Turt. Manual, 22, pl. 2. 58 semirugatus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 76. 57 soidac. Viii. Cat. Moll. Lomb. 10.. 58 Seneltensis. Gass. Grateloup. Moll. de la solidulus. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 45. 64 France, 45...... 64 solidus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 5, Sennaariensis. Iiist. Mal. Blat. 1867. 64 f. 13; Obs. ii. 13.... 38 seriatus. Parr. Fauna Dalmatiens, by Frau- Solisiana. D'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. pl. 69 55 enfeld, 1856..... 64 sordidus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pi. 12, Shanghaiensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. f. 1; Obs. v. 10..... 54 242; Obs. vii. 60.... 32 Sowerbianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. Shepardianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 10, f. 28; Obs. i. 180... 38 pl. 13, f. 38; Obs. i. 207... 57 spadiceus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 55; Showalterii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 73; Obs. viii. 59..... 48 Obs. viii. 77..... 55 sparsus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 25, Shurtleffianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. f. 58; Obs. iii. 80.... 33 302; Obs. vi. 22..... 32 sparus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 306; Shuttleworthii. Lea. J. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. Obs. xii. 66.....45 304; Obs. vi. 24.....36 spatulatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 8, Siamensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 279; f. 22; Obs. iv. 54.... 43 Obs. xii. 39..... 57 speciosus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 207; siccua (Potomida). Swain. Malac. 242. 57 Obs. ix. 29......33 INDEX OF SPECIES. 133 UNIO. UNIO. PAGE PAGE sphaericus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 319; strictiplicatus, f. Noul. Grat. Moll. 48. 66 Obs. xii. 79.....33 strigosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. spheniopsis. More. Test. Nov. No. 1, p. 29 64 9, f. 9; Obs. iii. 36.... 57 Spillmanii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 98; Stuarti. Ad. & An. Reeve's Conch. Icon. 281 52 Obs. viii. 102..... 42 suavidicus. Lea. JI. Acad. Na. Sci.iii. 309; Spinelli. Villa. Cat. Moll. Lombar... 59 Obs. vi. 29..... 54 spinosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 16, subangulatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. f. 50; Obs. ii. 57.....35 pl. 13, f. 23; Obs. iii. 47... 45 spissus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vii. 208; subconstrictus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. t. 33, Obs. vii. 26... 41 f. 2,3......66 splendens, f. Gokl. Petr. ii. 182.. 66 suberoceus. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 297 50 splendidus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. subellipsis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 62; 19, f. 61; Obs. ii. 70... 42 Obs. vi. 62..... 45 spu9za (1Yiya). Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3222. 30 subflavus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 90; s2uria. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 80.. 31 Obs. vi. 90..... 52 squalidus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 22; subgibbosus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. pl. Obs. xi. 26...... 51 6, f. 36; Obs. vi. 53.... 61 squameus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 200; subglobosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 2, Obs. ix. 22.....51 f. 3; Os. i. 142..... 55 stabilis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 71; Obs. subinflatus. Con. Monog. 97... 52 viii. 75......38 sublatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 82; Staffinensis, f. Forbes. Geol. J1.7, t. 5, f. 5 66 Obs. vi. 82.....57 stagnalis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. subniger. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 196; J1. i. 275......42 Obs. vii. 14......52 stapes. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 7, f. 8; suborbiculata. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 81 55 Obs. i. 87......33 subovatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. stegarius. Con. Monog. pl. 46, f. 1.. 34 18, f. 46; Obs. i. 128.... 37 Steveniana. Jifrynicki. Bull. de Moscau. 64 subovatus. Desh.?... 37 Stewardsonii. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. subplanus. Con. Monog. pl. 41, f. 1.. 54 23, f. 36; Obs. v. 34.... 38 subporrectus, f. Rmn. Nord. Ool. pl. 5. 66 Stonensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. subreniformnis. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1865 59 8, f. 5; Obs. iii. 33... 43 subrostratus. Say. Dissem. 1831.. 60 stramineus. Con. Am. J1. Sci. xxv. pl. 1, subrotundioides, f. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. f. 6, and Monog. pl. 50...35 1868, p. 163....66 Strebelii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 318; subrotundus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. Obs. xii. 78..... 53 pl. 18, f. 45; Obs. i. 127... 56 striatissimus. Anth. Am. J1. Am. Conch. i. subrugosus, f. Math. Cat..... 66 156...... 35 subsinuatus, f. K]och. & Dunk. Beitr. pl. 7, striatulus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 55; f. 2.....66 Obs. viii. 59..... 37 subspatulatus, f. lMfee & Hlayclen. Pro. Acad. striatus, f. Goldcf. Petref. ii. 182. Bronn. Na. Sci. 1857, p. 146.... 66 Leth........ 66 substriatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 30; striatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 12, Obs. vi. 20.... 47 f. 16; Obs. iii. 41.... 40 subtentus. Say. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. and Stricklandii, f. Phili. Jl. Geol. Soc. xiv.. 66 Am. Conch. pi. 15.... 32 34 134 INDEX OF SPECIES. UNIO. UNIO. PAGE PAGE subtetragona. 2ich. Conch. Drap. p. 16. 54 Tavoyensis. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. N. I. subtetragonus, f. S. Wood. Crag. Moll. ii. 98 66 1843.......31 subtortus. Baird & Ad. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1867 30 Tecomatensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. subtrajpezius. Phili. Conch. iii. 80. 56 pl. 21, f. 48; Obs. iii. 72... 50 subtriangularis, f. (Pachyodon). Brown. An. tellinarius, f. Golcif. Petrif. ii. 180.. 66 Nat. Hist. xii. pl. 16.....66 tenebricus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 83; subtrigonus, f. Desh. Bronn's Urw. Konch. Obs. vi. 83......45 i........66 tenebrosus. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pi. 7, subtrigonus. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. 292 28 f........ 44 subtruncatus, f. Fit. Sow. Tran. Geol. S. tener. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pi. 10, iv. 178......66 f.10; Obs.iii. 6... 44 subtumidus. D'Orb. Prod. Paleon. ii. 306 66 tenerns. Rav. Ravenel's Cat... 44 succissus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pi. 21, Tennesseensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. f. 32; Obs. v. 31..... 38 pl. 10, f. 11; Obs. iii. 37... 43 sudus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 194; tenuis (Dipsas). Gray. Griffith's Cuvier, Obs. vii. 12......46 xii. pi. 24, f. 2.....74 sulcatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pi. 8, tenuissimus (Syrnph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. f. 12; Obs. i. 44..... 40 Soc. iii. pl. 11, f. 21; Obs. i. 67.. 61 sulcatus, f. Eiichw. Petersburg Bull. vii.. 66 testudineus. More. Test. Nov. No. 1, p. 28 64 sulcidens. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 77. 51 teres? Raf. Ann. des Sci. Phys. v. 321. 58 Sumatrensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. teres. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 7, f. 2 58 239; Obs. vii. 57.... 30 teretiusculus. Phili. Conch. iii. 45.. 58 Sumatrensis. Dunk. Zeits. 1852..40 terminalis. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. pl. 3, superbus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pi. 42, f. 4....... 39 f. 11; Obs. iv. 39.... 28 terrenus, f. Mort. Am. J1. Sci. xxix. p. 149 66 suprajurensis, f. Rom. Oolith. 35.. 66 tesserula. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 40; Swainsoni. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. 396 30 Obs. xi. 44...... 36 Swerzenbackii. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. testudinarius. Speng. Skriv. Nat. Hist. iii. 64 1856....... 46 tetralasmus. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 23. 50 Swinhoei. H. Adams. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1866; tetricus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 195; Reeve's Conch. Icon. 232... 45 Obs. vii. 13..... 53 symmetricus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. Texasensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 359; pl. 4, f. 11; Obs. iv. 47... 52 Obs. viii 41..... 49 Syriacus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 56; Theca. Ben. An. & Mag. 1862.. 64 Obs. xi. 60...... 35 Thorntonii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 38; Tabascoensis. Phii. ubi?... 61 Obs. xi. 42......56 teniatus. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, 26. 43 Thwaitesii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 246; Taitianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 4, Obs. vii. 64.. 41 f. 11; Obs. i. 151.... 38 Tientsinensis. Crosse& Dev. Pro. Zool. Soc. Tampicoensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. 1867.......30 pl. 7, f. 18; Obs. ii. 24... 41 Tigridis. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. p. 4, 7. 39 Tappanianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. Tigris.:Fer. MSS. in Mus. at Paris.. 39 pl. 17, f. 55; Obs. iii. 62... 62 Topekaensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. Taumilapanus. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 313; Obs. xii. 73.... 43 Jan. 30, 1855..... 64 torsa. Raf. Ann. des Sci. Phys. v. 311. 56 INDEX OF SPECIES. 135 UNIO. UNIO. PAGE PAGE tortivus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 12, tuberculata (Mfya). Eat. Zool. Text Book 34 f. 17; Obs. iii. 42.... 53 tuberculatus. Con. Monog. pl. 22.. 34 tortuosus. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. Apr. tuberculatus. Bar. Am. JI. Sci. vi. 125. 34 1865: J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 286; Obs. tuberculosa. Valen. Humboldt's Voyage, xii. 46..... 30 v. 2.......34 tortuosus. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. 330 51 tuberosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. Toulouzanii, f. Mathe. Cat. 169.. 66 14, f. 25; Obs. iii. 48.. 33 trabalis. Con. New Fr. Water Shells, 27; tumescens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 3, and Monog. pl. 60, f. 2... 39 f. 7; Obs. iv. 45....38 transversalis, f.. de Serr. Grat. Moll. 48 66 tumidus. Retz. Nova Test. Gene. & Rossm. transversus, f. Brown. An. N. Hist. xii. t. pl. 70......58 16', f. 5......66 tumidus, f. Sow. Tr. Geol. Soc. 1837. 66 trapezoides. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. tumidulus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 295; 3, f. 1; Obs. i. 79.. 31 Obs. vi. 15.....39 triangularis. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi.. 36 tumulatus, f. Mort. Am. J1. Sci. xxix. 149 66 triembolus. Ben. An. & Mag. 1862.. 64 Tuomeyi. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 13, trifidus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 386; f. 4; Obs. v. 12.....53 Obs. x. 22......50 turgida, f. (Carbonicola). Me Coy. Brown trigonus. Say. Am. Conch. No. 6.. 38 (Pachyodon). An. N. Hist. xii. t. 16, trigonus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. 16, f. 13...... 66 f. 40; Obs. i. 120.. 38 turgidulus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 62; trigonus, f. Rbm. Nord. Ool. 213, 1836. 66 Obs. viii. 66..... 42 trigonus, f. Kock. 1837, pl. 1, f. 2..66 turgidus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 5, trinacrus. Lea. J1.Am.Na. Sci.v.86; Obs. f. 11; Obs. ii. 11.... 34 viii. 90... 36 Turtonii. Payr. Cat. Moll. Corse. 65. 59 tripartitus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 57; uber. Con. Am. Jl. Conch. ii. 279.. 64 Obs. xi. 61.....35 Uhareensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 304; Tripolitanus (lMonoc.) Bourg. Voy. Mer. Obs. xii. 63.... 52 Mort. pl. 4, f. 10, 12.. 72 umbonatus. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1865. 55 triradiata. "Museumn" at Paris.. 31 umbonatus, f. Fisch. Bull. de Nat. 1840. 66 trirostris. Ben. Reeve's Conch. Icon. 331 64 umbonatus. Rossm. Icon. iii. 36.. 54 tristis. More. Moll. du Port. 107..48 umbrans. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 72; Troostii. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 10, Obs. vi. 72..... 45 f. 30; Obs. i. 183.... 39 umbrosus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 311; Troschelianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. Obs. vi. 31......41 pl. 23, f. 39; Obs. v. 36... 40 undatus. Bar. Am. J1. Sci. 1823, p. 121. 38 trossulus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl.40, undulatus. Bar. Am. J1. Sci. vi...29 f. 6; Obs. iv. 36..... 39 undulatus. Desh. -?... 39 truncatus. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 67.. 36 undulatus. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 16. 29 truncatus. Speng. Skriv. Nat. Hist. iii.. 64 undulatus (Marg.) Say. Nich. Ency. Am. truncatus. Swain. Zool. Ill. 2d Ser.i.pl. 10 39 Ed. Art. Conch...... 68 truncatosus. Potier. Gall. des Moll. ii. 158 64 unicolor. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 4, truncatosa, f. Mich. Mag. de Zool. 1837, f. 12; Obs. iv. 48.... 55 p. 85....... 66 uniformis, f. Sow. Min. Conch. i. 83. 66 tuberculata? Raf. Ann. des Sci. Phys.v. 308 34 Urii, f. Flem. Brit.Ani.417... 66 136 INDEX OF SPECIES. UNIO. UNIO. PAGE PAGE Uruguayensis. Lea. J1. Aca. Na. Sci. v. verrucosus, var. b. Barnes. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. 33 388; Obs. x. 24.... 46 verrucosus albus. Say. Synopsis in Am. utriculus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 1, Conch. No. 6..... 33 f. 3; Obs. iv. 43... 46 verrucosus albus. Hild. Am. J1. Sci. xiv. 281 34 Valdensis, f..fant. Sow. M. Conch. t. 646 66 verrucosus purpureus. Hild. Am. Jl. Sci. Yaldivianus. Phili. Mal. Blatt. 1869, p. 48 64 xiv. 281.... 34 Valentinus. Rossm. Icon. iii. 37. 55 versus. Lea. See note, ante, p 46 46 vallatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 315; verus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 83; Obs. Obs. xii. 75..... 34 viii. 87......38 Vanuxenmii. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. verutus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 335; 11, f. 31; Obs. ii. 36.... 46 Obs. viii. 17..... 57 variabilis (lya). Hat. Linn. Trans. x.. 56 Vescoi. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. pl. 2, varicosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. f. 4-8...... 46 11, f. 20; Obs. i. 100.... 34 vestitus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 189; varicosus (Marg.) Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 78 67 Obs. ix. 11......50 Yaughanianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. vetusta. f. Meek. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. pl. 3, f. 5; Obs. ii. 5.... 61 July, 1860...... 66 velaris. Ben. Hanley's Des. Cat. pi. 23, f. 42 28 vibex. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, 31. 48 velatus. Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 298. 36 vicinus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 61; vellicatus. Reeve. Conch. Icon... 64 Obs. vi. 61......52 velum. Say. Dissem. 1829... 61 Vignonana. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 120. 32 ventricosa (.Mya). Soland. MSS. See Lis- vincdliavus. Kiist.?... 59 ter, pl. 155...... 61 violaceus. Speng. Skriv. Nat. Ilist. iii. ventricosa (Lampsilis). Stimp. Shells New Mag. Zool. 1835... 51 England, 14..... 41 virens. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 80; ventricosus. Desh. An. sans Ver. 2d Ed. vi. Obs. vi. 80......52 538.......37 virescens. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 341; ventricosus. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 32. 41 Obs. viii. 23..... 42 ventricosus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi... 41 Virginiana. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 79. 44 ventricosus. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 235. 42 viridans. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 337; ventricosus, f. Bouil. Bronn. Cat. 149. 66 Obs. viii. 19..... 52 ventrosus. ]~ust.?... 59 viridicatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 87; venustus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 2, Obs. vi. 87......52 f. 4; Obs. ii. 4.... 43 viridiradiatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. venustus. ifore. J1. de Conch. 1866. 66 336; Obs. viii. 18.... 60 Veracruzensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. viricis. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 9, 320; Obs. xii. 80.. 45 f. 1.....62 Vere-Pacis. Trist. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1863. 66 viridulus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 10; verecundus. Gould. Wilkes' U. S. Explor. Obs. xi. 14...... 58 Exp. xii. 431..... 47 vitreus. Stenz. Rossm. Icon... 48 Verreauxianus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vittatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 249; vi. 301; Obs. vi. 22.... 36 Obs. vii. 67..... 35 verrucosa. Valen. Humboldt's Voy. ii. 281 33 Voltzii, f. Kooch. & Dunkc. Beitrag zur verrucosa (Mya). Eat. Zool. Text Book. 34 Kenntniss, pil. 7, f. 3.... 66 verrucosus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi... 34 vulgaris. Stab. Moll. di Lugano.. 59 INDEX OF SPECIES. 137 UNIO. MARGARITANA. PAGE PAGE Waccamawensis. Lea. JI. Acad. Na. Sci. arcuata (Mya.) Eat. Zool. Text Book. 69 vi. 16; Obs. xi. 20... 36 arcula. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 22, Walteri, f. Miant. Bronn. Geol. i. 313. 66 f. 69; Obs. ii. 71.... 67 Wardii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 187; calceola. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. 1; s. ix. 93 Obs. ii. 7...... 68 Watereensis. Lea. See note ante, p. 5 53 53 calceolus (Unio). Say. Synopsis in Am. Weldonensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. Conch. No. 6....67 11; Obs. xi. 15... 51 cariosa (Unio, var. 2). Lam. An. sans Ver. Wetzeleri, f. Dunk. Pictet's Traite, iii. 529 66 - vi. 80.......67 Wheatleyanus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. Carolinianus (Unio). Bosc. Iist. Nat. des 308; Obs. vi. 28..... 50 Coq. iii. 139..... 69 Whiteianus. Lea. Tr.Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. complanata (Alas.) Bar. Am.J1.Sci.vi.278 67 14, f. 8; Obs. v. 14.... 53 comgplanatus (Alas.) Hidd. Sibir. Reise, Wilsonii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 256; 273, pl. 27, f. 1-6... 70 Obs. vii. 74.... 47 complanata (Urnio). Desh. An sans Ver. 2d Woodwardianus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. ed. vi...... 67 v. 199; Obs. vii. 17.. 36 com2lanata (Symnph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. Woolwichii. fore. Moll. de Port. 105. 55 iii. 448; Obs. i. 62.... 67 Wrightii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 283; complanata (Mlya). Eat. Zool. Text Book 67 Obs. xii. 43..... 32 compressa (Alas.) Mene. Synopsis, 106. 73 Wymanii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 381; compressa (Alas.) Vill. Cat. Moll. Lomb. 10 73 Obs. x. 17......35 confragosa (Alas.) Say. Dissem. and Am. Wynegungaensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. Conch. pl. 21.....67 iv. 271; Obs. vii. 89.... 50 confragosa (Unio). Desh. Tr. Eldm. Conch. Zelebori. Fraun. Novara Exp. Moll. pl. 2, ii........ 67 p. 28.....52 Connasaugaensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. Zeyheri. Menke. Zeits. 1848, p. 28.. 64 iv. 229; Obs. vii. 47.... 69 Zieglerianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. corrugata (Alas.) Delcay. N. York Report pl. 10, f. 27; Obs. ii. 32... 45 Nat. Hist. i. pl. 24, f. 259... 67 zigzag. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iii. pl. 12, crassissima. Klein. Tent. Meth. Ostra, 146 69 f. 19; Obs. i. 54.... 36 Curreyana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. Zimermani. Stentz. Potier. Gall. des Moll. 18, f. 40; -Obs. iii. 61... 68 158.......64 dehiscens (Unio). Say. Disseminator, ii., f. Sow...... 66 and Am. Conch. pl. 24... 69 deltoidea. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 13, f. 38; Obs. ii. 43.... 67 SUBGENUS MARGARITANA. depressa (Unio). Pfeif. L. and S. Moll. pl. 8 73 depressa (Alas.) Viii. Cat. Moll. Lom. 10 73 abcucta (Alas.) Say. MSS.?... 67 Elliottii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 226; Alabamensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. Obs. vii. 44..... 68 104; Obs. viii. 108.... 68 elliptica. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 106; ambigua (Alas.) Say. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. Obs. viii. 110..... 68 131....... 69 elongata (Unio). Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 70 69 arcuata (Alas.) Bar. Am. Ji. Sci. vi. 277 69 elongatus (Alas.) Thom2pson. Cat. Irish arcuata. Stimp. Shells of New Eng. 15. 69 Shells.......69 35 138 INDEX OF SPECIES. MARGARITANA. MARGARITANA. PAGE - PAGE Etowaensis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. rugosa (Mi ya). Eat. Zool. Text Book, 222 67 154....... 70 rugosa (Compla.) Stimp. Shells N. Eng. 14 67 Etowahensis. Lea..J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. sculptilis (Alas.) Say. Dissem. 1829. 68 227; Obs. vii. 45; (changed to Georgi- sculptilis (Strop.) Stirp. ShellsN. Eng.15 68 ana in Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1859). 68 sinuata (Unio). Stud. Schw. Conch.. 69 fabula. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 13, Spillmanii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 105; f. 39; Obs. ii. 44.. 70 Obs. viii. 109.....69 falcata (Alas.) Gould. Wilkes' U.S. Exp. Stuarti. Ad. & An. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1863 70 xii. 432...... 69 Tombigbeensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. fluviatilis. Shum. Nov. Syst. pl. 11, f. 4. 69 107; Obs. viii. 111.... 68 Georgiana. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 1859 68 triangulata. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 228; Gesnerii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 211; Obs. vii. 46.....68 Obs. ix. 33...... 67 Tripolitana (Alas.) Fer. --?. 70 glabratus (Unio). Sow..... 68 truncata (Alas.) Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, hians (Unio). Valen. Recueil d'Obs. Zool. 73.......-.. 68 pl. 54, f. 2....... 68 truncata (Alas.) Say. MSS.... 67 Hildrethiana (Unio). Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. undulata (Alas.) Say. Nich. Ency. Am. Soc. v. pl. 3, f. 8; Obs. i. 148. 69 ed. and Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. i... 68 Holstonia. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. p1. 13, undulata{ (iya). WVood. Ind. Test. Supp. f. 37; Obs. ii. 42... 70 pl. 1......68 impressa (Alas.) Anth. Am. J1. Conch. 1865, varicosa (Unio). Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 78 67 p. 157.....68 Vingnouana. Bern. Jl. de Conch. 1859. 67 incurva (Alas.) Fer.?... 70 Vondembuschiana (Monoc.) Lea. Tr. Am. margaritifera (Mya). Lin. Sys. Nat. 1112 69 Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 18, f. 39; Obs. iii. 60 73 margaritiferun (Alas.) Flem. Br. Animals 69 Yubaensis (Alas.) Traslc. Pro. Cal. A. N. margaritiferus (Unio). Retz. Nova Test. S. i. 30.....69 Gen........69 marginata (Alas.) Say. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. i.450...... 7 SUBGENUS PLAGIODON. marginata (Alas.) Say. Am. Conch. No. 6 68 isocardioides. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. viii. minor. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 8, f. 26; Obs. iv. 34..... 67 79; Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 318; and Obs. 26; Obs. iv. 34,..... 67. vi. 37 71 oriens (Unio). Lea. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 6,.. * pl. 6,f. 4; -Obs. i. 83 6... 69 unio isocarcioides. Reeve. Conch. Icon.484. pi. 6, f. 4; Obs. i. 83.... 69 See Errata. Pfeifferiana. Bern. J1. de Conch. 1860. 68 S quadrata. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 210; Obs. v.32... 68 SUBGENUS MONOCONDYL(EA. radiata (Alas.) Con. Am. J1. Sci. xxv. pl. 1, f. 10......68 Bonellii (Alas.) Villa. Cat. Shells of LomRaveneliana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. bardy....72 17, f. 50; Obs. i. 218.... 68 Bonellii (Alas.) Fer. MSS. labels. Rossm. regulosa (Mya). Wood. Ind. Test. Supp.f. 7 67 Icon. 134...... 72 rivalis (Unio). Ziegl. MISS.... 69 Carnbodjensis. Petit. JL de Conch. 1865. 72 Roissyi(Unio). lich. Compl. Hist. Nat. 112 69 compressa. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 30; rugosa (Alas.) Bar. Am. J1. Sci. vi. 278. 67 Obs. xi. 34...... 73 INDEX OF SPECIES. 139 MONOCO-NDYL(EA. MONOCONDYLCEA. PAGE PAGE Corrientesensis. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. tumidus. Hore. J1. de Conch. 1866..73 No. 62, p. 38.....73 Vondembuschiana (llarg.) Lea. Tr. Am. costulata. Morin. Rev. et Mag. 1858. 72 Ph. Soc. viii:pl. 18, f. 39; Obs. iii. 60. 73 crebristriata. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. i. 205 72 Wheatleyi. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 399; crispata (Alas.) lfouss. L. & S. Moll. Java Os. x. 35...... 72 97........ 73 Zollingeri (Alas.) Mouss. L. and S. Moll. Cumingii. Lea. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850; J1. von Java, 96, pl. 18.... 73 Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 235; Obs. vii. 53. 73 exilis. More. J1. de Conch. 1866, p. 63.73 fossiculifera. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, SUBGENUS DIPSAS. p. 38..73 p. 38^ * * 73 11. alatus (An.) Sow. Gen. Shells, f. 1.. 74 frjcgiqs((a'rg.) Mfouss. Moll. Java, 93.73.. fragilis (arg.) ouss. M l... bi-alata (Unio). Desh. An. sans Ver. 2d Franciscana. Afori. Nat. H. Soc. Gen. viii.. ~Ed. vi...74 tl. 3, f. 14 —17. 72 l 3P, f 14 —17. *... 72 lfi-acata (Symph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. Guarayana. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, iii. pl. Obs. i. 59.. 74 iii. pl. 14, f. 24; Obs. i. 59 74.". 38 7..?73 p. 38..... Chinensis (An.) Phili. In Kiist. ix.. 74 inoscularis (Anod.) Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. hinensis ( a Ghfnensis (Dian.) Raf. Continuation of N. Hist. 1843.....73 N. Hit...... Monog. 7.....74 lentiformis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. A 272; Obs.xii. 32 72 dizpsas (An.) Fer. (MSS.).... 74 272 O bs. xii. 32....... 72 discoidea('ymjh.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. Mardinensis. Lea. Pro. Acad N. Sci. Dec..) Lea. Tr.. P. v. pl. 11, f. 33; Obs. i. 187. 74 1864; J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 252; Ob i s. 7 discoideus. Lea. Obs. ii. 136.. 74 xii. 12 73 xii. r12. *. *. M. 7 discoideus ( Unio.) Reeve. Conch. Icon.. 74 Me'chonfi. Bourg. Voy.Mer. Mort.. 72 Minuana. BOrb. Mao.deZoor.Nor. 62p37 73 cdubius (ifyt.) Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3363. 74 minuana. D'Or6. Mag. deZool.No. 62,p.37 73 n aa]O age o,3. exotica (An.) Blain. Man. Malacol.. 47 Mouhotiana. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. picata (Barbala). Hfumph. MSS... 74 *5; Obs. xi. 69..... 73 65; Obs. xi. 69.. plicatus. Leach. Zool. Miscett. 1815. 74 orbicularis. More. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 186 pocatus (Myt.) Sol. MSS... 74 1866.73 Pa. D b. Mg do. N. 73 tenuis (An.) Gray. Griff. Cuvier, xii.. 74 Paraguayana. D'Orb. Mag de Zool. No.. r62, p~n. 37 73.d.... N, ^tenuis (Unio). Gray. Griff. Cuvier, xii.. 74, "p*.. 73. ^.. *..tuberculata (Cristaria). Schumn. Essai Nov. Parchappii. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, 74 Syst. 107.....74.p. 3 8;.73 P. 38....... 7 tuberculatus (An.) Fer. MSS... 74 Pazii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 273; Obs. xii. 33.....73 Peguensis. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. i. 20. 73 SUBGENUS ANODONTA. planulata. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 262; Obs. vii. 80.... 73 Abyssina, f. Mort. Am. J1. Sci. xxix. 149 85 reticulata. Mori. Rev. et Mag. 1858. 72 Amazonensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. rhomboidea. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 395; Obs. x. 31..... 82 263; Obs. vii. 81... 72 anatina (Anodontites). Poir. Prodrom. 109 78 Salweniana (Pseudodon). Goulcl. Pro. Bos. anatina. Lain. An. sans Ver. vi. 85. 76 Soc. N. II. Dec. 1843.... 72 anatinella. Stab. Moll. of Lugano.. 78 Saulcyi (Unio). Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. 74 72 anatinoides, f.'Klein. Bronn. Wurtt. Jahrb. Tamsiana. Dunk. Malak. Blatt. 1858. 73 ii........85 140 INDEX OF SPECIES. ANODONTA. ANODONTA. PAGE PAGE anctinus (MIyt.) Lin. Sys. Nat. 1158. 76 Bridgesii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 291; angulata. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 16, Obs. xii. 51.....81 f. 52; Obs. ii. 97..... 83 Buchanensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. angustior. Klein. Tent. Meth. Ostra, 129. 76 pl. 14, f. 43; Obs. ii. 47... 82 annulata. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. 67. 84 Burroughiana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. anserina. Spix. Test. Braz.pl.21.. 83 pl. 16, f. 49; Obs. i. 217.. 81 anserirostris. Tiist. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. Burroughiana. Chenu. Ill. Conch. pl. 3. 84 55....... 77. Cailliaudii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 395; antiqua, f. D'Orb. Mag. Zool. 1836, t. 78 85 Obs. x. 31...... 81 aquensis, f. Math. Cat. Foss. 171.. 85 Californiensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. arcuata. Fer. Caill. Voy. Meroe, pi. 16. 83 pl. 25, f. 47; Obs. v. 42... 75 arcuta (Iridina). Caill. Voy. a Mer. iv. 263 83 callifera. Mart. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1860. 84 arealis. Kuist. Syst. Conch. Cab. ix. 47. 77 callosa. Kiist. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. 36 77 Arelatensis. Jay. Guide Voy. a Aries. 77 canescens. Stentz. In Rossmaester's Icon. 84 arenaria. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1863. 78 capitata. Kiist.?.. areolata. Swain. Zool. Ill. 2d Ser. pl. 18. 79 carinata. Dunlc. Mal. Blatt. 1858.. 84 argentea. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. carinifera. Con. Cover of Monog. No. 9. 84 19, f. 41; Obs. iii. 61.... 79 caiosa. ]aist. Syst. Conch. Cab. ix. 43. 77 Arkansensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. cataracta (Unio). Desh. An. sans Yer. 2d 29, f. 56; Obs. v. 49... 80 Ed. vi.......80 assimilis Zieg. Drouet Etudes, 21. 78 cataracta. Say. Nich. Ency. Am. Conch. atrovirens. Phili. Menke's Zeits. 1848, p. pi. 3..... 80 130....... 84 cataracta (Myt). Eat. Zool. Text Book, 224 80 atrovirens. Shutt. Rev. et Mag. Drouet, cellensis. Pfeif. Moll. pl. 6... 77 1854, No. 5 and 6.... 84 Chaiziana (Iridina?) Rang. Mag. de Zool.? 79 attenuata. Held. Isis. 1836... 77 Charpentierii. Kiist. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. attenuata. Stab... 49...... 84 aurata. Kiist. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. 30. 75 Chinensis (Unio). Kuist. -?.. 47 Avonensis (Myt.) Monta. Test. Brit. 172. 76 Chinensis. Fer. MSS.... 84 Baikii (Spatha). Adams. Pro. Zool. Soc. C/hiquitana. D)'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, 1866....... 89 p.41......80 Bambousearunm. More. Test. Nov. No. 2, ciconia. Gould. Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bos. p. 24.......84 Nov. 1851, and J1. vi. 402...83 Bealei. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 26; Obs. coarctata. Anton. Verz. der Conch. 16. 84 xi. 30...... 81 coarctata. Potier & Mich. Gall. des Moll. bellua. Miore. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1866, Doube, pl. 42....77 p. 167.......74 cognata. Gould. Wilkes' U. S. Exp. Exp. Benacensis. Villa. Cat. Moll. Lombaria, 61 84 xii. 435.....78 Benedictii (Symph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. com2planata. Zieg. Kiist. Rossm. Icon. 112 77 v. pl. 16, f. 48; Obs. xi. 216.. 75 compressa (Alas.) Por. Mala. Prov. ComasBengalensis. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 49. 84 ca, 113..... 78 Beringiana. Midd.l Sibi Reise, 284.. 78 confervigera. SchAiit. In Kiister's Sys. Conch. 78 Blainvilliana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. contorta. Brown. Ill. Conch. Gr. Brit. 81. 77 p1. 12, f. 35; Obs. i. 189... 86 contracta. /Stab. Moll. of Lugano.. 78 Blainvilliana. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 9 83 convexa. Du2uy. Moll. du Gers. 73.. 77 INDEX OF SPECIES. 141 ANODONTA. ANODONTA. PAGE PAGE Cordieri, f. )'Orb. ag. de Zool. 1836, denigrata. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. p1.25, t. 78...... 85 f. 45; Obs. iii. 41.. 79 cornea. Phili. Menke's Zeits. 1848, p. 130 84 dentiens. Men7ce. Synopsis, 106.. 76 corpulenta. Coop. Schoolcraft's Travels. 81 deplanata. Zieg. Drouet, Etudes, 21. 78 corpulentoides, f. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. depressa. Schmidct. Drouet, Etudes, 21. 78 1868, p. 164.....85 derassa. Zieg. Drouet, Etudes, 21.. 78 corrosa. Drouet. Etudes, 21.. 78 doliaris. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 24; Couperiana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. Obs. xi. 28......81 pl. 20, f. 46; Obs. iii. 65... 81 dubia (Iridina). Bose. Hist. Nat. Coq. iii. 89 crassa. Swain. Zool. Ill. iii... 83 Dunlapiana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. crassa. Fitz. Syst. Vertz. 120...78 27, f. 65; Obs. iii. 86... 80 crepera. Lea. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 198, D)upuyi. Ray and Drouet. Dup. Hist. Moll. and Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 238; Obs. vii. pl. 17, f. 13..... 77 56....80 edentula (Alas.) Say. Dissem. 1829. 79 crepera. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 16. 84 elachista. Boutry. Moll. Nouv... 84 crispata. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 86. 75 elongata. Swain. Zool. I11. pl. 167.. 82 cultrata. Gould. In letter... 75 embia. Bourg. Amen. Malac... 84 Cuminyii (lonocon.) Lea. Pro. Zool. Soc. ensiformis. Spix. Test. Braz. pl. 24, f. 12 82 1850, p. 199.....73 esula. Jan. Ch. and Jan. Cat..... 86 cuneata. Kiist. -?.. 84 esula (Irid.) D'Orb. Mag. Zool. 1835, No. 62 86 curvatus. Fer. Jay's Cat. 27... 84 esula (Leila). Gray. Geneva Zool. Soc. Pro. 86 cygnea (Anoclontites). Poir. Coq. Ter. et excentrica. Zieg. Drouet, Etudes, 21. 78 Fluv...... 78 excurvata. Dekay. N. York Reports, pl. 17 80 cygnea. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 84.. 76 exilis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 22, cygneus (Jfyt). Lin. Syst. Nat. 1158. 76 f. 68; Obs. ii. 81.... 82 cygneus, f. lorris' Cat. Bronn... 85 exotica. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 57. 84 cylindracea. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. exotica (Iridina). Blain. Mar. Mala. 553. 74 8, f. 40; Obs. ii. 45.... 82 exotica. Lamn. An. sans Ver. vi... 83 cymbulia. Villa. Cat. Moll. Lombaria, 61 84 exulcerata. Vill. Porro's Malac. 111. 77 dactylus. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. 75. 80 feminalis. Gould. Wilkes' U. S. Exp. Exp. Dahomeyensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. xii. 436...... 83 261; Obs. vii. 79.... 82 Ferrarisii. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, Dallasiana. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 29; p. 40....82 Obs. xi. 33..... 78 ferruginea. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. Dalmatina. Drouet. Etudes, 21.. 78 19, f. 43; Obs. iii. 63.... 80 Danielsii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 3805; Ferussaciana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. Obs. viii. 47..... 78 pl. 6, f. 15; Obs. i. 157... 79 Dariensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 230; Ferussaciana (Alas.) Kiist.?.. 79 Obs. vii. 48......80 flava. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 1865, p. 160 78 Daubreana, f. Schimp. Grateloup, Moll. fluviatilis (Mlyt.) Dill. Cat. Shells, 316. 80 Tr. and F1...... 85 fluviatilis. Bose. Hist. Nat. des Coq. iii.. 77 decivis. Con. Jl. Am. Sci. xxv. pl. 1, f. 11 80 fiuviatilis (lyt.) G-mel. Sys. Nat. 3359. 76 decora. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 20, fluvictilis (IMyt.) Schreib. Ver. Conch. ii.. 76 f. 63; Obs. ii. 64..... 81 fluviatilis (lMtscuulus). Klein. Tent. Meth. decorata (Epigenia). Parr. MSS... 79 Ostra. 129...... 76 36 142 INDEX OF SPECIES. ANODONTA. ANODONTA. PAGE PAGE folim. Fer. MSS..... 84 Harlandi. Baird and Ad. Pro. Zool. Soc. Footiana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 1867.......84 20, f. 44; Ohs. iii. 63....78 Harpethensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. Forbesiana. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 393; pl. 19, f. 42; Obs. iii. 62... 81 Obs. x. 29......81 Heldii. uiist. Sys. Conch. Cat. ix. 64. 84 fragilis. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 85.. 78 Henryana. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 374; fragilis. Fitz. Sys. Vertz. 120.. 84 Obs. viii. 55..... 81 fragilis (no genus). Klein. Tent. Meth. Os- Herculea (Dipsas.) Mildd. Sibi. Rei. ii.. 74 tra, 129...... 76 hians. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. No. 8. 86 fucatus (Myt.) Dill. Cat. Shells, 319. 76 Hilvetica. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1863 78 fuscata. Zieg. Drouet. Etudes, 21.. 78 Holtonis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 316; Georginae. Gray. Grif. Cuvier, pl. 19. 82 Obs. vi. 36......79 Gesnerii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 231; horda. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Iist. Obs. vii. 49..... 78 1855.......80 gibba. Benson. J1. As. Soc. of Bengal, Housatonica. Linsl. Am. Jl. Sci. 1845, p. 1855; Reeve, No. 13....81 277......80 gibbosa. Say. Long's Exp. pl. 14.. 81 Idrina. Spin. Bat. Moll. Bresciana.. 84 gigantea. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 1, illitis (Myt.) Soland. MISS. Dill. Cat. 316 80 f. 1; Obs. ii. 1.....81 imbecilis. Say. Dissem. 1829... 80 gigantea. Middendorff. Sibi. Reise, 1851. 84 imbricata. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. 1865, p. giganteus. Spix. Test. Fluv. 27.. 83 159....... 78 glabra. Ziegl. Drouet, Etudes, 21.. 84 implicata. Say. Dissem. 1829.. 80 glandulosa. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 1865, p. impura. Say. Dissem. 1829... 84 163....... 78 inequivalva. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. glauca. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi.. 80 292; Obs. xii. 52.... 83 glauca. Valen. Humboldt's Voy... 80 incarum. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 40. 84 globosa. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. incerta. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 6, f. 24, f. 56; Obs. iii. 79.... 81 16; Obs. i. 158..... 80 Gougetana. Oger. Rev. de Zool. 3, 1861. 78 incrassatus (Myt.) Shep. Lin. Trans. xvii. 83 76 gracilis. Lea. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 197, infiata. lJfajor Le Conte's Cabinet.. 81 and Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 239; Obs. vii. inornata. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 1866, p. 145 81 57....... 82 inornata. Kiist. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. 42. 77 Granadensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. inoscularis (Pseudodon). Gould. Pro. Bos. 288; Obs. xii. 48.... 81 Soc. Nat. Hist. Dec. 1843... 73 grand ioule des etang. Geoff. Coq. de Paris, intermedia. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 86. 77 139....... 76 irisans. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 1865, p. 163 78 grandiodes. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 1868, Jewettii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 289; p. 164.......85 Obs. xii. 49..... 81 grandis. Say. Dissem. 1829... 81 Jobae. Dupuy. Cat. extra Gall. Test.. 84 Gratelupiana. Geassies. Moll. de l'Argenais, Jukesii, f. Forbes. Rep. Brit. Ass'n, 1852 85 193.......77 Kelletii. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. 71. 84 grossa. Ziegl. MSS..... 77 Kennerlyi. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 108; Guilliani (Irid.?) Recluz. Jl. de Conch. i. 55 84 Obs. viii. 112..... 79 Hallenbeckii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci.iv. Kennicottii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci.v. 214; 232; Obs. vii. 50.... 78 Obs. ix. 36...... 78 INDEX OF SPECIES. 143 ANODONTA. ANODONTA. PAGE PAGE Klettii. Rossn. Icon. i. 112... 77 Middenclorffi. Siecm. Sibi. Reise. 397. 78 lacustris. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 364; Milletii. Ray and Drouet. Dup. Hist. Moll. Obs. viii. 45.....80 pl. 21, f. 16....48 latissina. Kok. Drouet, Etudes, 21.. 78 minima. Pot. and Mich. Cat. de Coq.. 77 lato-marginata. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. minuta. Drouet. Etudes, 21... 78 pl. 12, f. 34; Obs. i. 188... 82 modesta. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 364; Latoureuxi. Bourg. Ame. Mal... 84 Obs. viii. 46..... 79 latus (nmusculus). Klein. Tent. Meth. Ostra, Montezurna. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. 128....... 76 pl. 22, f. 55; Obs. iii. 78... 82 lenticularis. Lec. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. Moricandii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 396; 290; Obs. xii. 50.... 81 Obs. x. 32...... 81 Leolandi. Guup. An. and Mag. N. II. 1866 83 Mortoniana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. Leonensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 25; 13, f. 37; Obs. i. 192.... 80 Obs. xi. 29......78 Moulinsiana. Dup. Hist. de Moll. pl. 20, leprosa. Parr. Jay's Cat. 72...84 f. 19..... 77 Lewisii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 362; Napoensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na.Sci. vi. 324; Obs. iv. 44......80 Obs. xii. 84..... 80 limnoica. D'Orb. Mag.deZool.No.62, p.40 79 Newtonensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. limida. ZiegL MSS.... 77 p. 21, f. 66; Obs. ii. 79... 80 lingulata. Hupe. An. Nouv. et R. pi. 18. 79 Nicaragua. Phili. Menke's Zeits. 1848, p. Linneeana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pi. 27, 130.......84 f. 51; Obs. v. 45.... 81 Nilssoni. KTst. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. 61. 84 lituratum. Spix. Test. Fluv. 30.. 82 nitida. Zieg. Drouet. Etudes, 21.. 78 longinus (Irid.) Spix. Test. Braz. 29. 90 Nopalatensis. Sow. Reeve's Icon. 58. 81 Lucasii. Desh. Exp. de 1'Alg. pl. 108. 78 normalis. Stab. Moll. of Lugano.. 84 iucida. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p. 40 82 Normandi. Dup. Moll. Ter. et Fluv.. 77 lugubris. Say. Dissem. 1829... 84 Numidica. Bourg. Am. Malac... 84 lurulentus. More. Test. Nov. No. 1, p. 28 84 Nuttalliana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. Lusitania. More. Moll. du Port. 103. 77 20, f. 62; Obs. ii. 77.... 75 luteola. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 267; obliquius, f. D'Orb. Bull. Geol. Soc. vii. Obs. vii. 85......83 Bronn...85 luxata. Held. Rossm. Icon... 77 oblita. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 28, f. macilenta. More. Moll. du Port. 102. 77 52; Obs. v. 46..... 79 McNielii. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. 1866, p. 144 78 oblonga. Stentz. Dup. Hist. di Moll. pl. 18, maculata (Mlyt.) Sh/ep. Lin. Trans. xiii. pl. 5 76 f. 13.......77 magnifica (Symph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. obtusa. Spix. Test. Fluv. Braz. 30.. 82 v. pl. 5, f. 14; Obs. i. 155... 75 obtusula. Hupe. An. Nouv. et R. 17, f. 3 79 marginata (Alas.) Kiist.'?. 79 obvoluta. Ziegl. Menke's Cat... 77 marginata. Say. Nich. Ency. Am. Conch. Ononensis. Lea. Synopsis. See Note. 84 pl. 3....... 80 opaca. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 25, Marryatana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. f. 46; Obs. v. 41.... 80 pl. 20, f. 45; Obs. iii. 64... 82 opalina. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. 1865, p. 159 78 melina. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1866.. 78 opalina. uiist.?.... 78 mnembranacea. D)'Orb. Voy. Am. Meri. 616 82 Oregonensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. micans. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. 1865, p. 162 78 pi. 21, f. 67; Obs. ii. 80... 78 144 INDEX OF SPECIES. ANODONTA. ANODONTA. PAGE PAGE ovalis. Requen. ~?.. 77 purpnurascens (Unio). Swain. Zool. Ill. pl. ovata. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 2, f. 160...... 61 2; Obs. ii. 2..... 80 purpurea. Valen. Humboldt's Voy. pl. ovatus. Swain. Exot. Conch. pl. 36.. 80 48..... 79 Pallegoixi. Cuming. Reeve's Conch. Icon. radiatus (fyt.) Miiih. MSS.... 76 No. 17......83 radiatus. Spix. Test. Brazil, 31.. 83 pallicla. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. 162.. 78 ranarum. Hore. Moll. du Port. 104. 77 paludosus. Tur. Con. Diet. 116.. 77 Randalli. Trask. Pro. Cal. Acad. Na. Sci. palustris. Fer. ct D'Orb. Drouet. Nay. de i. 28.......83 la France, 16..... 84 Randalli (Gonidea). Con. Pro. Acad. Na. papyracea. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. i. 161. 81 Sci. 1857, p. 165..... 83 Parishii. Leila. Gray. Pro. Zool. Soc. Rayii. Dup. Hist. Moll. pl. 20, f. 22. 77 July, 1834.....86 recurvirostra. K]ist.?... 84 Parreyssii. Kinb. Drouet. Etudes, 18. 77 regularis. More. Moll. du Port. 100. 77 parvula. Drouet. Nay. de la France, 9. 78 reticulata. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 27. 80 Patagonica. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi.. 82 rhombica (Alas.) Anth. Am. J1. Conch. pavonia. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 1865, p. 158..... 79 221, f. 15; Obs. i. 78.... 79 rhomboidea. Schliit. Mus. in Kiuster. 78 Pazii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 274; Rossmassleri. Kinb. Drouet. Etudes, 18. 77 Obs. xii. 34..... 81 Rossmassleriana. Dup. Moll. du Gers. 74 77 pencillatus. Gray. Pro. Zool. Soc. July, rostrata. K7okeil. Rossm. Icon. iv. 25. 77 1834, p. 57...... 83 rotundata. Swain. Exotic Mallac. pi. 37. 75 Pennsylvanica. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. rotunda. Spix. Test. Fluv. pi. 20..81 86....... 79 rotundcovata. Tr'ask. Pro. Cal. Acad. Na. Pepiniana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. Sci. i. 29...... 75 16, f. 51; Obs. ii. 96.... 78 rubens (Iriid.) Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 85 89 Pictetiana. )Dun. Hist. Moll. Savoie. 78 rubicunda. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci.v. 392; pictus. Swain. Exot. Conch. 39.. 84 Obs. x. 28.... 75 zpiscinalis. Nilss. Hist. Moll. Suec. 116. 77 rugifera. Dunk. Mal. Blat. 1858.. 84 plana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. p]. 7, f. 18; rugosus. Swain. Zool. Ill. ii. pl. 96.. 79 Ols. i. 160...... 80 salmonia. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pi. plicata. Hald. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. viii. 202 79 14, f. 41; Obs. ii. 45.... 80 polita. lfouss. Moll. von Java, 98.. 82 Salweniana (Pseudodon). Gould. Pro. Soc. polymorpha. Kiist.. 84 N. H. Bos. Dec. 1843; Monocondyloea, ponderosa. Pfeif. (L. and F. Moll. 31). 77 D'Orb)...... 72 porcifer. Gray. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 58 82 Scaldiana. DZup. Moll. de la France. 77 proboscidalis. Ziegl. MSS.... 77 Schafferiana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. prolongata. Ziegl. Drouet. Etudes, 21. 78 26, f. 50; Obs. v. 44... 81 psammita. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1863 78 Schomburgkii. Ciart. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1860 84 puberula. Gould. Wilkes' Exp. Exp. 434, Schrenckii. Le. Note in this Synopsis. 75 f. 548.....75 Schroteriana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. puelchana. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, pl. 29, f. 55; Obs. v. 48... 82 p. 40....... 81 scri2optus. Fer. Reeve's Conch. Icon. No. 9 86 puvimnata. Hlupe. An. Nouv. et Rare. 86 Sedakowii. Sieemaschko. Bull. de PetersPurbeckensis, f. Forbes. Rec. Geol. Sur. i. 85 bourg....... 78 INDEX OF SPECIES. 145 ANODONTA. ANODONTA. PAGE PAGE Senegalensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. subponclerosa. Dup. Cat. Ext. Gall. Test.. 77 260; Obs. vii. 78.... 82 subreniformis. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. Showalterii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 50....... 84 215; Obs. ix. 37..... 79 subrhomboidea. Brown. Ill. Conch. Great siliqua. KUst. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. 57. 82 Brit. 80..... 77 siliquosa (Myce.) Spix. Test. Braz. pl. 23, subrostrata. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 39 84 f. 2......90 subsinuata. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. No. Simpsoniana. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 14....... 83 212; Obs. ix. 34..... 78 subsinuata. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 41 84 sinuosa. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi... 83 subvexa. Con. Am. J1. Sci. xxv. 341. 81 sirionos. D'Orb. Mag.deZool.No.62, p.40 82 sulcata. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 85. 76 smaragdina? (Craspedodonta). Anton. Verz. Susannee. Gray. Grif. Cuv. xii. pl. 24. 83 der Conch. 16..... 80 Swinhoei. H. Adams. Zool. Pro. 1866. 84 solenidea. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. 65 83 tabula (Spatha.) Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. soleniformis. Ben. J1. Asiatic Soc. v. 745 57 68....... 89 soleniformis. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. Tawaii. Rang. Hist. Nat. de Moll.. 84 62, p. 41..... 83 tenebricosa. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. solidula. Deville and THupe. Rev. and Mag. 12, f. 36; Obs. i. 190.... 83 Zool. 1850, pl. 16, f. 2...83 tenebrosa. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 43. 83 Sondermanii. Kiist. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. 54 77 tenella. Kiist.?.. 77 Spixii. D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p. 39 82 tener, f. Eichw. Urw. h. 1, pl. 4, f. 2-4. 85 spreta. Zieg. Drouet. Etudes, 21.. 78 tenuis. Lea. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 198; spuria. Count Yoldi's Letter... 77 and J1. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 237; Obs. stagnalis. Bosc. Hist. Nat. de Coq. 111, 143 77 vii. 55..... 83 staynalis (Myt.) Lin. Gm7el. 3362..76 tenuissima, f. FEichw. Urw. h. 1, pl. 4, f. 1 85 Stewartiana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. teres. Con. Fr. Wat. Shells, 47.. 80 6, f. 17; Obs. i. 159...81 tetragona. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 8, Strebelii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 322; f. 25; Obs. iv. 56.... 81 Obs. xii. 82..... 79 Texasensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. subalata. Zieg. Drouet. Etudes, 21.. 78 366; Obs. viii. 48.... 81 subangulata. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. 1865, tortilis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 28, p. 158......80 f. 54; Obs. v. 47..... 75 subcrassa. Lea. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. trapezia. Kiist. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. 7. 83 198; and Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 236; trapezialis. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi... 82 Obs. vii. 54..... 81 trapezialis (Columba.) Crouch. Intro. to suboylindracea. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. Lamarck's Conch..... 86 pl. 24, f. 117; Obs. ii. 106... 82 trapezialis (Irid.) D'Orb. Synop. Moll. Am. subdepressa. Drouet. Etudes, 21.. 78 Mer. 43......86 subglobosa. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. 1866, trapezius. Spix. Test. Fluv. pl. 20, f. 1. 82 p. 144...... 81 Trautwiniana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. subinflata. Anth. Am. J1. Conch. 1865, p. pl. 26, f. 48; Obs. v. 43... 81 160....... 82 triangularis. Lanza. Reeve's Conch. Icon. sutbluxata. Kiust.?.... 77 No. 56......84 suborbiculata. Say. Dissem. 1831; and triangularis. Vid. Fauna Dalmatiens. By Am. Conch. pl. 11.... 81 Frauenfeld, 1856, p. 76... 84 37 146 INDEX OF SPECIES. ANODONTA. ANODONTA. PAGE PAGE triangularis. Traslc. Pro. Cal. Acad. Na. Wymanii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 390; Sci. i. 29......84 Obs. x. 26......80 triangulata. K]uts. Fauna Dalmati. By Youkanensis. Lea. J1. Aca. Na. Sci. vi. Brusina, p.131..... 84 287; Obs. xii. 47.... 80 trigona. Spix. Test. Fluv. pl. 22, f. 2. 75 Zellensis. Lin. Gmel. 3362... 76 truncata. Kfuts. Fauna Dalmati. By Brusina, p. 131.... 84 truncata. Drouet. Etudes, 21... 78 SUBGENUS COLUMBA. Tryonii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 28; Obs. xi. 32......80 Blainvilliana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. tumicla. Fitz. Sys. Verz. 121... 78 12; Obs. i. 189.... 86 Tunizana. More. J1. de Conch. 1864, p. Castelnaudii (Leila.) Hupe. Anim. Nouv. 156....... 84 ou Rare, pl. 18, f4.... 86 Ucayalensis. Phiii. Mal. Blatt. 1869, p. 40 84 esula (Anodonta.) Jan. Catalogue. 86 unadilla..Dekay. New York Rep. Nat. Parishii (Leila). Gray. Pro. Zool. Soc. His. i. pi. 15, f. 228....79 July, 1834...... 86 undulata (Unio). Desh. Traite Elem. xi. pulvinata (Leila.) Hupe. Anim. Nouv. ou 217....... 79 Rare...... 86 undulata. Say. Nich. Ency. pl. 3.. 79 uniopsis. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi... 78 uniopsis (Unio). Desh. Traite Elem. 218 78 SUBGENUS BYSSANODONTA. Uruguayensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 393; Obs. x. 29...83 Paranensis. D'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer... 87 variabilis. Drap. Mloll. T. and F. de la France...... 77 ventricosa. Pfeif. L. and Fr. Moll. 20. 77 SUBGENUS IRIDINA. Vescoiana. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1857 81 vetula. Zieg. Drouet. Etudes, 21..78 elongata. Sow. Genera of Shells, No. 7. 88 virens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 25, esula (Anodonta.) D'Orb. Mag. de Zool. f. 53; Obs. v. 46... 81 No. 62, p. 43..... 86 virgata. Con. Monog. No. 5, on cover. 79 exotica. Lanm. An. sans Ver. vi... 88 virgulata. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 213; exotica. C/hild. Brand's J1. xv... 88 Obs. v. 35......80 exotica (Anodonta.) Blain. Man. de Malac. 88 Wahlamatensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. Leaii. Sow. In letter... 88 pl. 20, f. 64; Obs. ii. 78... 75 Macmurtriei (Pleiodon). Con. J1. Acad. Na. Wardiana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. Sci. vii. 13......88 14, f. 42; Obs. ii. 46.... 79 ilotica. Sow. Zool. Jl. i. 1825.. 89 Weddellii. Hupe. Anim. Nouv. ou Rare. ovata (Pleiodon). Con. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. pl. 17, f3. 3..... 79 ii. 298.......88 Wheatleyi. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. ovata. Swain. Phil. Mag. lxi... 88 26, f. 49; Os. v. 43.... 82 rostrata. Ran. Hist. de Moll.... 89 \Villiamsii. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 27; rubens. Desh. Ency. Meth. ii. 220.. 89 Obs. xi. 31......81 solida. Anton. Yerz. der Conch. 16.. 88 Woodiana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soec. v. pl. 5, Spekii. Woodward. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, f. 5; Obs. i. 154.....75 p. 348....... 88 INDEX OF SPECIES. 147 IRIDINA. SPATHA. PAGE PAGE splencida. Chenu. Ill. Conch pl. 1.. 88 Niloticus (7yt.) Wood. Supp. to Index striata. Swain. Phil. Mag. lxi. 112.. 88 Test. pl 2.....89 trapezia'is. D)'Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, Nyassaensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. p. 43.......86 36; Obs.xi.40..... 89 valeus. Parr. Jay's Cat. 4th ed. 70.. 88 obtusa? (An.) Pot. and lich. Gall. des Moll. Welwitchii. Jlore. Voy. d'Angola, 1868. 88 xi. 144...... 89 Oudnicei (Irid.) Ecenig. Denh. and Clap. Journey...... 89 ~SIJ ENUT S TA. Petersi. Martens. Mal. Blatt. vi... 89 BGENS SPTHA. rostrata? (Irid.) Rang. Hist. Nat. de Moll. 89 rostrata. K/st.?... 89 alata. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vivi. 35; Obs. rosta..8 rubens (An.) Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 89 anus. 9. o..Reeves. Ic. v. 89 rubens (Irid.) Desh. Ency. Meth. ii. 320 89 angustata. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. v.. 89 s n o soleniformis. Ben. In letter... 57 arenata? (Iri.) Cail.?... 89 Walbergi. Krauss. SUidafr. Moll. 89 Baikii. H. Adams. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1866. 89 caelestis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pi. 22, f. 70; Obs. ii. 82... 89 UBGENUS MYETOPUS. Cailiiaudii. Mart. Mal. Blatt. 1866.. 89 Oclappertoni (Anodonta.) Koenig. Denham emarginatus. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. v. and Clapperton's Journey... 89 398; Obs. v. 34..... 90 compressa. iart. Pro. Zool.Soc. 1860, p. 16 89 falcatus. Higg. Pro. Zool.Soc. 1868, p. 179 90 dubia (Mytilus.) Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3363. 89 longina (Irid.) Fer. See D'Orb. Voy. ix. dubia? (An.) Bosc. Hist. Nat. de Coq. iii. pl. 67.......90 144...... 89 longinus (An.) Spix. Test. Braz. 29. 90 gracilis (Irid.) Caill.?... 89 plicatus. Gray. Reeve's Conch. Icon. iii.. 90 Hartmanni. Mart. Mal. Blatt. 1866.. 89 pygmazus. Spix. Test. Braz. 30.. 90 Le mutel. Adan. Voy. Senegal, 234.. 89 pygmeus. Hupe. Anim. Nouv. ou Rare,. 90 modesta. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 37; rugatus. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. vii.. 90 Obs. xi. 41...... 89 siliquosus. D'Orb Voy. Am. Meri. pl. 67 90 mutel? (Irid.) Rang. Hist. Nat. des Moll. 89 siliquosus (An.) Spix. Test. Braz. 30. 90 Natalensis. Lea. J1. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 64; soleniformis. D'Orb. Voy. Am. Meri. pl. 66 90 Obs. xi. 68.....89 soleniformis (Spatha). Anton. Verz. der Nilotica (Irid.) Sow. Zool. Jl. i. pl. 2. 89 Conch....... 90 Nilotica. Anton. Verz. des Coq... 89 subsinuatus. Sow. Reeve's Conch. Icon. x. 90 Nilotica (Calliscapha). Swain. Malac. 380 89 ventricosus. D'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. 602. 90 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WORKS REFERRING TO UNIONIDI IN THIS VOLUME. Adams, EI. & A.-Genera of Recent Molluscs, 1858. Adams, H.-Proc. Zool. Soc., 1866. Ad. & An. Adams & Angas.-New Species Australian Fr. TMater Shells. Pro. Zool. Soc., 1863. Adams.-Fresh Water and Land Shells of Vermont, 1842. Nat. Hist. of Red River, by Capt. Marcy, 1853. Adan. Adanson. —Voyage au Senegal, 1749 to 1853. Agass. Agassiz.-MSS. cited in Stirpson's Shells of New England, 1851. Moll. Fossiles. Moules des Mollusques. North Am. Najades in Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 1852. Alder.-Mo ll. Northumberland and Durham, 1848; and Supplement without date. Alten, J. W.-Erd. & Fluss Conchilien, 1812. Anth. Anthony.-Am. J1. Conch., 1865 and 1866. Anton. - Verz. der Conch., 1839. Ara. Arada & Maggiore.-Cat. della Conchiglie viv. etfoss di Sicilia, 1839. Baird & Adams. —Zool. Pro., 1867. Bar. Barnes.-American Journal of Science and Art, 1823. Barbie.-In Grateloup's Moll. ter. et fluv. de la France, 1855. Bartram.-Travels in N. and S. Carolina, Florida, &c., 1791. Bean.-Mag. Nat. Hist., 1836. Ben. Benson.-Journal of Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, 1855. Wood's Index. Supplement. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1862. Bern. Bernardi.-Jl. de Conch., 1858. Blain. Blainville. —Manual de Malacologie, 1825. Blan. Blanford.-Jl. Asiatic Soc., 1866, p. 134. Berg. Bergen.-Classes Conchy., 1760. Nuremberg. Bon. Bonanni. —Testaceo Theologia, 1744. Bonh. Bonhomme.-Not. Biv. Relez, 1840. In Grateloup's Moll. de la France. Born.-Testacea Musei Caesarei, 1780. Elements of Conch., 1776. Bosc.-Hist. Nat. des Coquilles, 1824. Bouch. Bouchard-Chantereaux.-Cat. Moll. ter. etfluv. du Pas-de-Calais, 1838. Bouil. Bouillet.-Moll. ter. etfluv. d'Auvergne, 1836. Bourg. Bourguignat. —Voy. Autour de la Mer. Mfort par Saulcy, 1852. Revue et Mag. Zool. Testacea Novissima, in J1. de Conch., 1852. Amenites Malac. vol. i., 1853 to 1856. Malacologie d'Algier, 1864. Brard. —Hist. des Coquilles, &c., 1815. Braun.-Deutschl. Naturfv., 1842. Bronn.-System der Urweltlichen KIonchylien, 1824. WTiirtt. Jahrb., 1846. Lethwa Geognostica, 1837. Index Palseon., 1849. 38 150 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF Brot.-Etudes de la Famille des Nayadces, 1867. Brown.-Land and Fresh Water Conch. of Great Britain and Irelandc 1845. Brown, Alex.-In Deshayes' Traite Elnm. ii. 216, 1850. Brug. Bruguibre.-Journ. d'Hist. Nat., 1792. In Ency. Methodique, 1819 and 1822. Caill. Cailliaud.- Voyage a Meroe, 1826. Catalogue des Rad. Anne. Chirriet des Mollusques, 1865. Cantor.-Journal of the Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, 1855. Castelnau.-Animnaux Nouveaux ou Rare. Paris, 1857. Charp. Charpentier. —Cat. Moll. de la Suisse, 1837. Chem. Chemnitz (Martini).-Neues Syst. Conchyl. 1769 to 1788. Chenu. —Ilustrations Conchyliologiques, &c. Manuel de Conchyliologie, 1859. Bib. Conchyliologique, 1845 and 1846. Children.-Translation of Lamarck's Genera. Brand's Journal, vol. xv., and published separately, 1823. Con. Conrad.-New Fresh Water Shells, 1834. Afonog. of Unionidce, 1835 to 1837. Am. Journ. of Science and Art, 1834, 1846, and 1856. Journal of Acad. of Nat. Sci., 1850 and 1854. Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. New York Reports, 1841, et sequitur. Am. Jl. of Conch., 1866, 1867, 1868. Coop. —V. Cooper's Letters to I. Lea. Schoolcraft's Travels and Reports on the Mollusca collected on the Coast Survey, 1860. Cooper, Dr.-Fauna of Upper Missouri, 1869. Crosse & Debeaux.-Jl. de Conch., 1863. Crouch. —Illust. Intro. to Lamarck's Genera, 1826. Cum. Cuming.-In Letter. Currier.-Am. Jl. Conch., vol. iii., 1867, Cuv. Cuvier.-RMgne Animal, 1817. Anatomie des Moll., 1817. Da Cos. Da Costa.-British Conchology, 1778. De Cr. & J. Cristofori & Jan.-Catalogus Collectionum, 1832. Dekay.-New York Reports. Zool., 1843. Den. Denham. —Denham & Clapperton's Journey into Africa, 1826. Desh. Deshayes.-Art. Mullete, Ency. Meth., 1830. Traite Elementaire, 1839-1859. Exped. Sci. de l'Algeria, 1859. Anat. Comp. de Moll. Ency. Meth., 1831. Des Moul. Des Moulins. —Cat. des Moll. ter. et f. de la Gironde. Bull. Soc. Lin., 1827. Supplement to same, 1829. Desc. de U. Michaudiana. Bull. Soc. Lin., 1832. Obs. sur Unio et Anodonta, de M. Isaac Lea, 1839. Cat. Moll. de la Dordogne. Bull. Soc. Lin., 1844. Deville & H. Deville & Hupe.- Revue de Zool., 1850. Dewey, Prof. C.-List of Naiades, &c. Ninth Report of Regents of Univ. of New York. Dill. Dillwyn.-Descriptive Catalogue of Shells, 1817. Don. Donovan.-Nat. Hist. of British Shells, 1804. D'Orb. D'Orbigny.- Voy. dans l'Amer. Merid., 1835-1843. iag. de Zool., 1835. Prodrome Palweontologie, 1850. Drap. Draparnaud. —oll. ter. et fluv. de la France, 1825, and Tableau des Moll. de la France, 1802. Drouet. —Etudes sur les Nayades de la France, 1854. Dum. Dumont et Mortillet.~-Hist. des Moll. de la Savoie, 1852-1854. Dunk. Dunker.-In Zeitschriftfuir Malakcoz. Mal. Blatt, 1862. Monog. Wealdenbildung. Dup. Dupuy. —Moll. ter. et fluv. du Gers, 1843. Cat. Extra Gall. Test., 1849. Mollusques de la France, 1847-1852. WORKS REFERRING TO UNIONID.EI. 151 Eat. Eaton.-Zoological Text Book, 1826. Eichw. Eichwald.-Die Thier und Pfiang, Bull. Acad. Pet., 1840. Die Urwelt Russlands, 1840. Eyd. Eydoux. —Mag. de Zoologie, 1838. Far. Farines.-Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 1834. Fer. Ferussac. —Hist. Nat. des Moll. ter. etfluv., 1819. Essai d'une Mlthode Conchyliologique, 1807, and MSS. in Mus. at Paris. Fisch. Fischer de Waldheim.-Bronn's Index Palceont. Fischer, L.-Naturg. Livlands, 1791. Fit. Fitton. Strata below the Chalk, 1836. Fitz. Fitzinger.-Systematisches Vergeichnifs. Vienna, 1833. Flem. Fleming.-British Animals, &c., 1828. Forbes & H. Forbes & Hanley. —I ist. Br. Molluscs, 1853. Forb. Forbes, E. —oll. of the Isle of Man, 1838. Freshwater Ter. For. of Smyrna in Ji. Geolog. Soc., 1845. Brit. Lam. Holl. Reports to Brit. Assoc., 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1841. Records Geol. Survey. Forel. —Beitrige zur Entw. Najaden, 1867. Forsk. Forskal.-Descriptiones Animalium, &c. in Itinere Orientali, 1776. Frauen. Frauenfeld, G. —Novara Exp. Vienna, 1867. Fauna Dalmatiens, 1856. Gabb. —Geol. Sur. of California, 1869. Gart. Gartner. —Versuch einer System, 1813. Gass. Gassies.M-oll. Ter. et d'Eau douce de l'Agenais, 1849. Cat. des Moll. de Lot et Garonne, 1863.'at. de la Gironde, 1859. Progras de la Mal. en France, 1858. Geoff. Geoffroy St. Hilaire. Coq. aux environs de Paris, 1767-1770. Gerst. Gerstfeldt.-Land und Siist. Moll. im Amur. Gmel. Gmelin.-13th edition Linneus. Systema Nature, 1788 and 1790. Goldf. Goldfuss.-Petrefakten Deutschlands, &c., 1837. Gould.-Invertebrata of Mass., 1841. Proceedings Boston Nat. Hist. Soc., 1841, 1844, 1845, 1846. Otia Conchologica, 1846. U. States Exp. Exp., 1846-1850, under Capt. Wilkes. Goupil.-Hist. des Mollusques de la Garthe, 1835. Grales. — olluscos de Espaga, 1846. Gras.-Desc. de oll. fluv. et ter. de la France, 1840. Grat. Grateloup.-Essai sur la Nouriture des Moll., 1857. o1oll. tr. et fl. de la France, 1855. Essai sur la Distri. Geographique de la Gironde, 1858. Grateloup et Raulin.-Cat. Moll. de la France, 1855. Gray.-In Griffith's Cuvier., 1827 and 1835. Gray's Genera. Spicilegia Zoologica, &c., 1828. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834. Phil. Trans., 1833. Green.-Journal of the Maclurian Lyceum, 1827. Doughty's Cab. Nat. History, 1833. Grif. Cuv. Griffith's Cuvier.-Reg. Animal, 1827 and 1835. Grono. Gronovius.-Zoophylaceum G-ronovianuzm, 1781. Grun. Gruner.-Land und Suisswasser Conchylien, in TWeigmann's Arch., 1841. Guer. Guerin.-HMlag. de Zoologie. Icono. de Regne Animal, 1829-1839. Gup. Guppy. —An. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1866. Hald. Haldeman.-Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philad., 1841 and 1846. Hanl. Hanley. —Hist. of Brit. Molluscs, 1853. Illustrated Edition of Lavmarck's Species of Shells, 1844, and Supplement to Wood's Ind. Test. 152 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF Held.-In Rossmassler's Iconographie, 1835, and Isis. Hibb. Hibbert.-Freshwater Limestone of Burcdie house, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edcl., vol. xiii., 1836. Hidalgo. —J. de Conch., 1865. Higg. Higgins.-Des. of Six New Sp. of Shells. Pro. Zool. Soc., 1868. Hild. Hildreth.-Am. Journ. of Science and Arts, 1828. Hinds. - Voy. of the Sulphur, 1844 and 1845. Hislop.-Trans. Geol. Soc. and Pro. Geol. Soc. of London. Hon. HSninghaus. Horn. Hornes.-Die Fossilen Moll. Tert. von Wien. Humph. Humphreys. —MSS., and in Museum (allonianum, 1797. Hupe.-Animaux Nouveaux ou Rare, Paris, 1857. Jacq. Jacquemin.- Guide du Voy. a Aries, 1835. Jan.-In Charpentier & Jan's Catalogue. Moll. de la Suisse, 1837. Jeff. Jeffreys, J. Gwyn.-Bri. Conch. 5 vols. 1862 and 1869. Kam. Kammerer. — Cab. zu Rudolstat, 1786. Keyser. Keyserling. —Voy. de la Russie. Kickx.-Synopsis Moll. Brabantiee, 1850. Kinb. Kinberg.-Fide Drouet. Kirt. Kirtland. —In Ohio Reports, 1838, and Journ. of Am. Science and Arts, 1834, 1840. Pro. Am. Ass. of Sciences, 1851. Klees.-Dissertatio Zool., 1818. Klein. —Methodi Ostracologicee, 1753. Klip Klipstein.-Zur Geologishen Kenntniss, &c., 1843. Knorr.-Muschlen und andern Geschopfen. 6 vols. 1757 and 1772. Koch & Dunker.-Beitrage zur Kenntniss, &c., 1837. Kcenig.-Denham & Capperton's Travels in Africa, 1826. Kokeil.-In Rossmassler's Iconographie. Krauss.-Die Siidafrikanischen Mollusken, 1848. Peter's Mocr. Reise cer Osterreich. der Fregatte Novara, 1857. Kryn. Krynicki.-Bulletin de la Soc. Imp. de Moscou, 1832, 1835, and 1837. Kiist. Kister. —New edition of Martini and Chemnitz. Syst. Conch. Cab., 1837 and 1870. Kuts. Kutschig.-Fauna Moll. Dalmati, by Brusina, 1866. Lam. Lamarck.-Hist. Nat. des Animaux sans Vert~bres, 1819. Lamo. Lamoroux.- Unio antistrophodonta bei Nancy. N. Jahrb., 1837. Lamprey.-Notes on Geol. of N. China in Branch of Roy. As. Soc., 1866. Lea. —Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. iii. to x. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, 4, 5, and 6. Observations on the Genus Unio, &c., vol. i. to xii. Leach.-Zool. Miscellanies, 1815. Lef. Lefevre.-In Grateloup's 3o7ll. de 7a France. Less. Lesson.- Voy. de la Coquille, vol. ii., 1830. Lesueur. —Mr. Say's Memoir in Nicholson's Ency., Am. ed., Art. Conch., 1816. Let. Letournaux. —Cat. des Moll. de la Vendce, in An. et Mag., 1868. Lew. Lewis.-Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. American Journ. of Conch., 1868, 1869. Lin. Linnaeus. —Systema Nature, 1758, 13th ed., by Gmelin, 1791. WOORKS REFERRING TO UNIONIDE. 153 Lins. Linsley.-Shells of Connecticut, from Am. Journ. of Science and Arts, vol. xlviii., 1845. List. Lister. —Synopsis Methodica Conchyliorum, 1685-1692. Historiee Animalium Anglia, 1678. Appendix, 1685. Macg. Macgillivray. —olluscous Anim.als of Scotland, 1844. Malzine.-Faune Mal. de Belgique, 1869. Mant. Mantell.- Geol. Isle of WVight, 1847. Geol. of the East of England, 1833. Mar. & C. Martini & Chemnitz.-Neues System. Conchylien- Cabinet, 1769-1788. Mart. Yon Martens.-Pro. Zool. Soc. Malac. Blatt., 1867. Mass. Massot.-In Dupuy's Hist. Nat. des Moll., 1847. Mat. and Rack. Maton and Racket.- Cat. Br. Test. in Trans. Lin. Soc. London, 1807. Math. Matheron. —Catalogue Meth. et Descrip., 1842. Maton.-Des. of New Species. Trans. Linn. Soc., 1809. McCoy.-British Palwozoic Fossils, 1851. Meek and H. Meek and Hayden.-Proc. Acad. N. S., 1861. Menke.-Synopsis Methodica Molluscorum, 1828, 2d edition, 1830. Zeitschrift fur Mal., 1844. Cat. of Walsberg Coll., 1829. Syn. Holl., 1830. Meuch. Meuchen.-Huseum Geversianum. Rotterdam, 1787. Merm. Mermet. — Moll. dans les Pyrenees, 1843. Mich. Michaad.-Complement de I'Hist. Naturelle des Holl. ter. et fluv. de la France, de Draparnaud, 1831. Midden. Middendorff.-Bull. de Petersbourg, and Sibirische Reise, 1851. Migh. Mighels.-Shells of Maine, in Bost. Jl. Nat. Hist., 1843. Mill. Millet.-Tableau Methode des Mollusques ter. etfluv., 1813. Monta. Montagu.-Testacea Britannica, 1803. Moq. Moquin-Tandon.-Moll. ter. et fluv. de Toulouse, 1843. Hist. Nat. des Mollusques ter. et fiuv. de France, 1855. M6rch.-Synop. Moll. Ter. et Fluv. Danix, 1864. More. Morelet.-Holl. ter. et fluv. du Portugal, 1845, and Test. Noviss. insulw Cubanw et Am. Cent., 1849 and 1851. Rev. et Mag., 1862. Jl. de Conch., 1865, 1866. Conch. d'Algerie in Jl. de Conch., 1851. Mori. Moricand.-Sur les Coquilles ter. et fluv. de Bahia, in Mem. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Geneva, and in Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1858. Morse.-Salt and Fr. Wat. Clams, in American Naturalist, 1869. Mort. Morton.-Am. Journ. of Science and Arts, 1835. Mouss. Mousson.-Die Land und Siisswasser Hollusken von Java, 1849. Coq. ter. etfl. dans I'Orient, 1859. Coq. ter. etfl. en Palestine, 1861. Mihl. Muhlfeld.-MSS. Catalogue. Mull. Muiller.-Synopsis Testaceorum Viventium, 1836. Nil. Nilsson.-Hist. Mollus. Sueciw Ter. et Fluv., 1822. Noulet.-Precis de l'Hist. Nat. des Moll. ter. et fluv., 1834. Ogerien.- Rev. de Zool., No. 3, 1861. Parr. Parreyss.-Fide Philippi, Conchylien, c&c., and Frauenfeld in Zool. Bot. TVereins, Vienna, 1856. Partsch. —Bronn's Index Palweont., 1849. 39 154 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF Pay. Payraudeau.-~l ollusques de'Ile ce Corse. 1826. Penn. Pennant.-British Zoology, 1777. Petiv. Petiver. —Gazophylacum Naturw et Artis, 1702-1711. Pfeif. Pfeiffer. —Land und Siisswasser Mollusken, 1821. Nov. Conchologicze, Part 35, 169. Mal. Blat., 1867. Phil. Phillips.-Geology of Yorkshire, 1829. Jfanual of Geology, 1855. Phili. Philippi.-Abbicldungen und Beschreibungen Conchylien, 3 vols., 1842-1850. falak. Blatter, 1869. Menke's Zeits., 1848. Poir. Poiret. —ist. des Coquil. ter. et fluv. Dep. de l'Aisne, 1803. Poli.-Testacea Utriusque Siciliwe, 1791. Por. Porro.-iMala. ter. et fluv. Prov. Comasca, Mlilano, 1838. Pot. Potiez.-Potiez and Michaud, Gal. des Moll. de Douai, 1838. Pusch.-Polen's Palwontologie, 1837. Put. Puton. —Moll. des Vosges, 1847. Raf. Rafinesque.-Mono. des Coquil. fluv. de la Rivire Ohio, in Ann. Gen. des Sci. Phy. a Bruxelles, 1819. Atlantic Journal, 1832, 1833. Rang.-Hist. Nat. des Mollusques, 1829. Rav. Ravenel.- Catalogue. Ray and D. Ray and Drouet.-Rev. et fag. de Zoologie, 1841. Reel. Recluz.-Journal de Conchyliologie, 1850. Revue Zoologique, 1842. Reeve.-Conch. Iconica, 1864-1868. Requien. —Cat. Coq. de Corse, 1848. Retz. Retzius.-Nova Testaceorum Genera, 1788. Reyn. Reyni6s.-Lettre sur quelgues Moll. ter. etfiuv., 1843. Rom. R6mer.-Die Versteinerungen, &c., 1839. Ross. Rossnmssler.-Iconographie der Land und Siisswasser Moll., 1837-1859. Sand. Sandberger.- Conchylien des Mainzer, 1861. Say.-Am. Conchology, 1830-1834. Disseminator, 1829-1831. Art. Conch. in Nicholson's Ency., Am. ed., 1816. Journ. of the Acad. Nat. Sci., 1817-1826. Appendix to Long's Expedition, 1824, and Transylvania Journ. of Med., 1832. Schlit.-Zeitschrift fur Malakos. Schnidt.-Bull. Imp. Soc. Nat. Hist. of foscow, 1840. Conchylien Sammlungen, 1818. Schom. Schomburgk.- Versuch einer Fauna und Flora von Br. Guiana. Schreib. Schreibers.-Versuch einer Vollstandiger Conch. nack Lin. Syst. 1793. Schrenk.- Uebersicht der Land und Siisswasser Mo11. Livlands, 1847. Reisen und Forschungen im Amur. Lande in 1867. Scbhrt. Schr6ter.-Flusconchlien, 1779. Einleitung in die Conchylien, 1783. Schiub. Schibler.-Zieten Wirtemberg. Schum. Schumacher.-Essai d'un Nouveau Systlme, 1817. Sh. and Eat. Short and Eaton.-Transylvania Journal Medicine. 1831. Shep. Sheppard.-Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1820 and 1823. Shutt. Shuttleworth, in Drouet's Nayades de la France, and in Mittheil. Naturf. G-esellsch. Bern., 1843 and 1852. Siechmascko.-Bulletin de St. Petersbourg, 1849. Solan. Solander.- MSS. in Brit. Museum. WORKS REFERRING TO UNIONID2E. 155 Sow. Sowerby.-The Genera of Shells, 1822. Min. Conchology, 1812-1830. Trans. Geol. Soc. Zool. Journal, 1825. Conch. Manual, 1839, 2d ed., 1842. Speng. Spengler.-Skrivter af Naturhistorie Selskabet, v. 3, 1792. Spin. Spinelli.-Cat. dei Moll. della Bresciana, 1851. Cat. dei Ioll. in Venezia, 1869. Spitzi.-In Rossmassler's Iconographie. Spix.-Testacea Fluviatilia Braziliensia. 1827. Stab. Stabile.-Prospetto Sis. et Stat. Moll. Terr. e. Fl. di Lugano, 1859. Stein.-Schnecken and Muschelen der umgegend Berlins, 1850. Stentz.-Per Rossm. and Drouet. Stimp. Stimpson.-Shells of New England. 1851. Strick. Strickland. Fresh Water and Land Shells of Henley on the Thames, in Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vii. Stud. Studer.-Schweizer Conchylien. 1820. Swain. Swainson.-Zool. Illust. Exotic Conch., 1841. Treatise on Malacology, 1840. Tap. Tappan.-Am. Journ. of Sci. and Arts, 1839. Tate.-On Land and Fr. Water Miollusca of Nicaragua, in Am. Jl. of Conch., vol. v., 1869. Thompson.-Cat. of Irish Shells, 1841. Trask.-Proc. California Acad. Nat. Sci., 1854-1855. Tristram. —Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863 and 1865. Troschel.- Wiegmann's Archives, 1847. Das Geb. der Schnecken, 1858. Turt. Turton. —Conchylia Insularum Britannicarum, 1822, and Manual of Fresh Water and Land Shells of the British Islands, new ed., 1840. Valen. Valenciennes.- Continuation of Humboldt's Zool. Obs. 1827. Vern. Verneuil.-Mem. Geol. Sur la Crimee. Villa.-Catol. dei Moll. della Lombaria, 1844. Novarum Specierium, 1841. V. d. Busch. Von dem Busch.-Jl. de Conch. Waard. Waardenberg.- Commentatis Moll. Belgico. 1827. WVag. Wagner.-In Testacea Fluviatilia, by Spix. 1827. Ward.-In Letter. Williarns.-Philos. Mag. 1836. Wood.-Index Testaceologicus, 1818-1825, and General Conchology. 1815. Wood, S. —Monog. Crag. Moll., 1848. Woodw. Woodward.-Recent and Fossil Shells, London, 1851, 1854; 2d ed., 1868. Pro. Zool. Soc., 1859. Yoldi. —lSS., and cJIorch's Cat. of Yoldi's Cab., 1852 and 1853. Zieg. Ziegler. — SS. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE UNIONIDAi. 80. Plinius..............Hist. Nat., Book ix., Ch. 58. 1709. Reaumnur.D...........De la Formation et de l'ac1495. Vicentius........... Speculum Naturale. croissment des Coq. Mem. 1553. Belon...............De Aquatilibus, p. 399. de l'Acad. 1555. Rondeletius...........Univer. Aquat. Hist. 1710. Ie'ry................Remarques sur les Moules Schrot. Lith., Lex. iv. des etang. Mem. Acad. des 1558. Boussuet............De Nat. Aquat., t. 2, p. Sci., p. 408. 122. 1711. Petiver.............. Gazophyllaceum. London. " Rondeletius..........Hist. Entiere des Poissons, Naturse et Artis. 1702 a 2d Partie. Lyons. 1711. 1560. Gesner.............. Nomenclator Aquatilium, p. 1722. Leeuwenhoec..........Arcana Natura, &c., 4 vols. 349. 4to. Ed. Lugd. Bat. 1606. Aldrovandnus........ De iMollibus, &c., Mytuliob- 1734. Seba.............. Des. Tiles. Rer. Nat., 1734 longi, pp. 454, 515. to 1765. 1609. Boetius..............Gem. et Lap. Hist. Edited 1738. Swemmerdnm.........Biblia Naturse, pl. 10. by Bellenden, Edinburgh. 1742. Argenville..........Hist. Nat. pl. 31.'Pearls in Mya margarit- " Gualtieri............. Index Testarum, pl. 7. ifera." 1744. Bartram, J.........Observations, &c. Phil. 1649. Anonymous.........A Perfect Description of Trans., vol. xliii. Virginia, &c. &c., p. 18. " Bonanni............Test. Theologia. Tellina London. (Hyria) rosea. 1657. Jonston............. De Exsang. Aquat., p. 15. " ~Marsigli............D. scr. du Danube, &c. 1678. Lister............Hist. Anim. Angliee, p. 149- 1747. Linnceus........... Iter-Westrogothiculn Res., 231 (foss.) p. 187. 1684. Boncanni............Recreatio, Clas. 2, Nos. 40, 1748. Lesseri............. Testaceo-Theologia, Leip41. zig, p. 106. " De Heide.............Descriptio Anatomica Myti- 1752. Swammerdam.........Bibel der Natur. Leipzig. ii, in Act. Erud. Leips. 1753. Klein...............Tentamen Ostracol., pi. 9, " Sibbacld............Scotia Illustrata, p. 27. 10, p. 128. 1685. Liste................App. ad Hist. An. Angl., pl. " Pontoppidon.........Hist. Nat. de la Norwege, t. 1, f. 1, 4, 6. 2, pl. 262. "............ Conchyl. Hist. Nos. 1 7, 16. 1754. Valentyn..V...........Voyage a Amboyne, pl. 14. " ".............. Dissert. Anat. Tertia, p. 2. 1755. Geve.................Monatl. Belustigungen der 1697. Leeutwenhoec..........Arcana Nat. et lettre a Soc. Natur. Hamburg. Reg. 95, 96, t. 2, p. 15. " Ginanni..............Opere Postume, pl. 14, t. 2. 1699. Luid................Lithophylacii Brit. Icono- 1757. Adanson............Hist. Nat. du Senegal. graphia, London. " Argenville............Hist. Nat., 2d Ed., pp. 325, 1704. Valentini............Amphit. Zootomicum. 331. 1706. Poupart............. Remar. sur les Coq. Moules. " Knorr............... Muschlen und andern GesMem. Acad. Sci. Paris. chopfen. 1757 to 1772. W When in Paris, in 1853, Mr. Deshayes, now Professor in the Museum of Paris, and the author of that admirable work, Traite Elenmen2taire de Comnch7yliologie, very kindly gave me a copy of his MS. list of the Bibliography of the Family UnZioznided, which he had brought up to 1843, and numbering ever 250 entries. To these I have added a large number, and I have continued the list up to the time of going to press. It now consists of over 1100 works where some member of the Family is described or mentioned. It may be observed that some titles are much contracted. This has often arisen from the flact of their being cited at second hand, access to the original work not being possible. My friend Dr. Lewis, of Mohawk, N. Y., very kindly assisted me in the arrangement of my matter, as well as by adding some items. 40 158 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1758. Linnceus............ Systema Naturae, p. 671, 10e 1784. Favanne............ Cat. d'un Cabinet, pl. 6, No. Ed. 1440,1442. 1760. De Bergen............ Classes Conchyliorum, p. " Leske............... Aufangs der Naturg., p. 595. 108. Nuremberg. " cartin, T...........Univ. Conch., 3 vols. Lond. Luid................ Iconographia Lithophilacii 1786. Kammn eer............Die Conch. im Cab. zu RuBritannici, pl. 8, 2d Ed. dolstadt. Oxon. 1787. Herbst........ Einlentung., pl. 27, p. 119. 1762. Schtotterbeck..........In den Actis Helviticus. " euchen.............iMuseum Geversianum. Rot1764. Petiver............... Gazoplyllaceum. London. terdam. 1767. Geoffroy St. Hilaire... Coq. aux environs de Paris. 1788. Barbut.............. Genera VermiumLinn. pl. 2. 1769. artini............. Berliner Mag., vol. iv. " Gel.............Lin. Syst. Naturee. " artini & Chemnitz...Neue Syst. Conch. 1769 to " Linncei s & QGmelin....Syst. Naturae, Linn., 13th 1788. Edition. 1770. Lister................ Hist. sive Synopsis Meth. " Betzius......... Dis. Hist. Nat. Nova TestaConch., new Ed. by Hud- ceorum Genera. Philipsdesford. son. 1771. 3lurray............. Fundamenta Testaceologia. 1789. Karsten.............. Mus. Leskeanum, t. 1, p. 151. " Schi'rter............Syst. Abhandlung. &c. Ber- " Poiret................Voy. en Barbarie, t. 2, p. 11. lin. 1771 to 1779. 1790. Kctelreuter........... Obs. Anat. Phys. Mytilus 1773. Knorr et Walch.......Hist. depetrifact. t. 4, pl. B2, cygneus Lin., Nov. Ac. B**. Soc. Imp. Petrop., tom. 6. ar'tini..............Verzeichniss. Konchy. p. " Sander..............Vaterlandsche Bemerkun141. gen der Naturg. Mal.Blatt. " XI4ler..............Vermium terr. et fluv. Hist. 1865. p. 210. 1791. Bartram, T......... Travels through N. and S. 1775. Favanne.............Dict. Hist. Nat. Carolina, Georgia, Flori" Forskal...............Voyage dans le Levant, p. da, &c. in 1777. 123. " Bruguiere........... Sur une nouv. Anodontite. 1776. Born................. Elements de Conch. Mem. sur dif. Obj. Hist. " Duchene..............Rec. des Coq. fluv. et terr. Nat. de Paris. " Fischer, L............Naturg. Livlands. IiMlle............. Prodrom. Zool. Danige, p. " Poll................ Testacea Utriusque Sicilise, 245. p. 2, t. 3. 1777. Pennant............Brit. Zool., vol. iv. p. 161, 1792. Bruguire.......... Encycl. Meth. Vers., pl. 247, 162, pl. 46. 1777 to 1812. 249.' Scopoli............. Introd. adHist. Nat. Prague. " J...........our. d'Hist. Nat., t. 1, p. 1778. Born.................Index Rerum Nat. Mus. 103. Coes. Vindobo. 8vo. " Oivi................Zool. Adriat., p. 95. - Ca Costa............. Conchyliol. Britan., p. 225. " Spengler........... Skrifter af Naturhistorie 1779. Schroter.............Fluss Conchylien, p. 165. Selskabet, v. 3. 1780. Argenville...........Hist. Nat., 3d Edit., by Fa- 1793. Schreibers..........Versuch einer Vollstandiger vanne. Conch. nack Linn. Syst. " Born.................Testacea Mus. Coes. Vind., 1797. Cuvier...............Tableaux Ele'm. de 1'Hist. pl. 19, p. 20. Fol. Nat. Paris. 12mo. F" avanne.............Hist. Nat. of D'Argenville, " Humphreys...........Museum Calonnianum, p. pl. 62, 75. 59. [MSS.] 1781. Gronovius............ Zoophilacium Gronovianum " Rathke................Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de Copenp. 260. hagen, t. 4 (ire pt.), p. 1782. Anonymous........ DerNatur. forch., t. 18, p.70. 139. " Buchoz.............C ollection de Plan. (fossil.) 1798. Bolten...............Museum Boltenianum. 2d " Chemnitz............Conch. Cabinet. Ed., in 1819. 1783. Barbut........... Genera Vermium. 4to. Lon- 1799. Lamarck.............Mm. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de don. Paris, p. 87. Schroter..............Einleitung in die Conch. ".Montfort.............Hist. Nat. des Moll., vol. 4. Kenntniss, &c. 1783 to Paris. 1786. 1800. Leveille, dans Forster.. Man. d'Hist. Nat., p. 201. Spengler..............Skritv. Naturh. Selsk. 3', p. " Donovacn.............Nat. Hist. of Brit. Shells, 5 53. vols., 1800 to 1804. THE UNIONIDDE. 159 1801. Drcapcarncaud........ Tabl. des Moll. terr. et fluv. 1814. Sooerby.............Conch. Manual, 2d Edit., p. de la France, p. 34, 106. 139. " Lamarck............An. Soc. s. Vert., p. 114. 1815. Brard................ Coq. terr. et fluv. de Paris, Poiret...... J......... st. des Coq. terr. et fluv. p. 225, pl. 8. Depart. de l'Aisne. " Brookes..............Introd. to Study of Conch., Wood.................Brit. Bivalve Shells, Linn. p. 51, pl. 2. Trans., vol. vi. p. 158. " Brown...............Irish Testacea, Mem. of the 1802. Drapcarnaud....... Tab. des Moll. de la France. Wernerian Society, v. ii. (Pamphlet.) " Oken............... Lehrb. d. Zool., p. 238, pl. 8. Turton...............Translation of Linnaeus' " Wood................ General Conchology. Syst. Naturae. London. 1816. Lesueur..............Art. Conch, by Say, in Nich1803. ilontcagu............Test. Brit., p. 33, 561. olson's Ency., Am. Edit.' St urm................ Deuts. Fauna, 6 part. 2eliv. Say.................. Art. Conchol., 1st Am. Ed. p. 19. Nicholson's Encyclop. 1804. Duvernoy...........Diet. Sci. Nat., vol. ii. p. 183. 1817. Cuie..............Rgn. Anim., p. 472. AnatICngili, Rich.........Zootom. di Conch. Bivalvi., omie des Moll. Milan. " Dilyn............Descr. Cat. of Recent Shells' Maton & Racket......Descr. Cat., Linn. Trans., 2 vols. 8vo., vol. i. p. 49. vol. viii. p. 37 " Oken.................Isis, p. 1167. 1805. Drapcrnaud.......... Hist. des Moll. terr. et fluv., Schumache.......... Essai d'un Nouv. Syst. des p. 131. habitations des vers testalfontfort.............Hist. Nat. des Moll., par ces. Roissy, vols. v. and vi. " Turton.............. Conch. Dict. of Brit. Islands Roissy...............Buffon de Sonnini, t. 6, p. 1818. Bingley............Useful Knowledge, &c. Phi317. ladel., vol. iii. p. 292. 1807. Ferussac..............Essai d'un Meth. Conch., p. " Brown, T...........Account of Irish Testacea, 85, 88. Mem. Wer. Soc., vol. ii.' Turton..............British Fauna. p. 2.' JlMaton & Rackett......Cat. Brit. Test., Trans. Lin. " IKlees............... Charac. et Descr. Test. cirSoc., London. ca Tubingam. B" enieri.......Tavole di Classi. f. tav. 7. " Rafinesque........ iscoveries in Nat. Hist., 1808. Link................ Besch. Rost. Sammll., vol. Am. Mo. Mag., vol. iii. p. iii. p. 156. 354; vol. iv. p. 42, 107. 1809. Lamarck.............Phil. Zool., p. 138. Say...................Art. Conchology, 2d Am. l" Maton i...............Linn. Trans., vol. x. p. 327, Ed. Nicholson's Encycl. 329. ".................In Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1810.....................Rees' Ency., art. Concholo- (Alasmodonta), vol. i. pt. gy. 1, p. 459. Pilkington (Mirs.).... Goldsmith's Nat. History, " Schmidt....... Conchyl. Sammlungen, p. 8. abridged, &c.." Sowerby..............Mi n. Conch., pl. 153, 154, 1811. Lacskey..............North Brit. Testacea, Mem. 185. Wernerian Soc., vol. i. " Wood................Index Testaceologicus. 1812. Alten...............Erd. und Fluss Conchylien. 1819. Blainville............ Obs. sur les branchies des Augsburg. Anodontes. J1. de Phy., Cuvier...............Ann. des Mus. National, p. p. 127. 19. " Bojanus............. Euber die Anthem. &c. Isis, Lamarck............Extrait du Cours du Zool., 1819, 1820, 1827. p. 106..............Organes Resp. &c., Journ. " Sowerby.............Min. Conch., pl. 33. des Phys., t. 89, p. 108. 1813. Drcaparnaud......... Moll. de la France. " Bruguire............Ency. Method., 1819-1822. Gairtner............Versuch einer System. " Ferussac.............Tabl. Syst., 1819 to 1834. " Millet............... Moll. terr. et fluv., p. 73. "' Lamarck............ An. sans Vert., vol. vi. " Scvigny............ Exp. de Egypt (Coq.), pi. 7. " Rcafinesque...........In Jour. des Phys., t. 88, p. 1814. Blacinville............Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xiii. 417. " Garter..............Verst. Konch., Ann. der " "...........In McMurtie's Sketches of West., p. 316. Louisville. " Leac7h................Zool. Miscell., vol. i. p. 119, " Say................. Art. Conchology, 3d Am. Ed. Chenu, p. 15. Ed. Nich. Encycl. 160 BIBLIOG-RAPHY OF 1819. Sowerby............. Min. Conch. 1824. Bronn.............. System der Urwoltlichen Turton.............. Conch. Dict., p. 105, Nos. Konchylien. 19, 22. " Delessert............. Depart. d'Herault. 1820. Donovan............British Shells. D s Dubois...............An Epitome of Lamarck's " Ferussac.............Concordance Systematique, Arrangement of Testacea. &c. Jour. de Phys. London. " each................Synopsis of Brit. Mollusca. " Labec7he............. Cat. des Moll. terr. et fluv. cfinesque..........Monographie des Coq. fluv. de Geneve. &c. in Ann. Gen. des Sci. " Say..................In Long's Expedition to St. Phys. Brussels, t. 3, pt. 15, Peter's River, vol. ii. p. p. 287. 265. "............ Annals of Nature, or Annu- " Sowerby, G.........Obs. on the Lamarckian Naial Synopsis, &c., Lexing- ades, Zool. Journ., vol. i. ton, Ky. p. 53. " Schweigger...........Handl. der Natur, p. 711, " Treviranus...........Mm. sur les Organes Gene712. rativ., Zeits. Phys. " Sheppard............. On two new sp. of Mytilus. 1825. Blainville...........Mlan. de Malacol., p. 539. Tr. Linn. Soc., vol. xiii. N "...........Note sur la Gen. des Anod. " Studer...............Syst. Verz. Schweizer Con- et des Mulettes. Soc. Phichylien. lorn., p. 156. " Swainson............Zool. Illust., vol. i. p. 57............Sur la G6neration dans les Van alems..........Ann. Gen. des Sci. Phys., t. Mutelles, &c. Nouv. Bull. 7, p. 374. de la Soc. Philom., p. 136. 1821. Ferussac.............Tabl. Syst. des Moll., p. 42. " Bronn.............. System der Urweltlichen Gray.................Lond. Med. Rep., vol. xv. p. Konchylien. 237. " Draparnaud..........Hist. des Moll. de la France. H" artmann............Syst. der Erd & Fluss der " Dubois..............Epitome of Lamarck's ArSchweiz. rangement.'' Pfeiffer............... Lan nd ud Wasser Schneck- " ray................Ann. Phil., new series, vol. en, p. 17, 114, 119, pl. 5. ix. 1822..Nilsson...............Hist. Moll. Suec. terr. et " Krger..............Urweltliche Naturg., t. 2, p. fiuv., p. 102, 113. 297. Say..................In Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., " Latreille..............Familles Naturelles du vol. ii. part 2. Regne Animal. Paris.'' Sowerby, G. B........Genera of Shells. 8vo.' Swainson............ Zool. Illust., vol. iii. p. 171, " Pfeiffer.............. Syst.Anord. Land-undSiiss. 1822-'23. Moll., 2e part., p. 32. T" urton..............Conch. Ins. Brit., 4to., p. " ".............Naturg. deutscher Land240, 243. und Sfissw. Moll. 1823. Barnees...............In Am. Journ. Sci., vol. vi. " Prevost...............Note sur le Gen. des Mup. 101. lettes, Ann. des Sci. Nat., Children.............Transl. of Lamarrck's Gene- t. 5, p. 323. ra, Brand's Jour., vol. xv. " Say..................In Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Feruessac..............Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat., Paris. vol. v. p. 130. " Lister............... Synopsis Meth. Conch., 3d " Sowerby, G. B........Catalogue of Shells, TankerEdition. ville Collection. izoawe............... Linnsean System of Conch- " ".......Desc. of a New Sp. of Iridiology. na, Zool. Journ., vol. i. p. Sheppard.............Desc. of Seven New British 53. Land and Fr. Wat. Shells. " Wood...............Index Testaceologicus, LonTrans. Linnsean Soc., vol. don, 12mo., 2d Ed. xiv. p. 148. 1826. Audouin.............Expl. des planches du grand " Sowerby, G. B.......Genera of Shells, Fasc. No. Ouvrage d'Egypt, p. 46. 16, 1820-1824. " Baer............... Gnr. des Moules. Gabiete " Swainson.............Phil. Mag., vol. lxi. p. 112. de Natur. (Jan.) & Bull. 1824. Blainville...........Diet. Sci. Nat., vol. xxxii. Sci. Nat. et Geol., t. 9. Bosc................Hist. Nat. des Coq., t. 3, p. " Cailliaud.............Voyage a Mero6. 4 vols. 135. 8vo. TIE UNIONIDI A. 161 1826. Crouch............ Illust. Introd. to Lamarck, 1828. Baeir................. Sept. Me'm. Vers ces Molp. 16, pl. 9, figs. 2, 3, 4, 5. lusques. Nova Acta, t. 13, " Deshayes.............On Iridina, Mem. de la Soc. p. 2. Hist. Nat. " Barnes............... Notes on Hildreth's paper in " Eaton............... Zoological Text Book. Al- Am. Jour. Sci. bany, N. Y., p. 215. " Blainville..........Ann. des Sci. Nat., t. 14, p. K" onig..............Denham and Clapperton's 22. Devel. des oeufs. Travels in Africa. " "...........Dict. Sci. Nat., t. 56, p. 261. " 0ken..................In Isis. " Blainville et Dumeril..Rapport sur un Mem. de M. Payraudeux..........Cat. des Moll. de Corse, p. Jacobson, developpement 65. pretendu des oeufs des MuSowerby..............Min. Conch., pl. 517, 594, lettesdansleursbranchies. 595, 1826-1828. Ann. des Sci., p. 22. 1827. Anonymous..........Sur l'opin. de Treviranus. " Fleming.............Hist. Brit. Animals, p. 408, Isis, t. 20, p. 752. 416. Barnes............... Reclamation of Unios, Am. " Hlldreth..............Obs. and Desc. of Shells in J1. Sci., v. 13. Am. Journ. Sci., vol. xiv. Blainville............Man. de Malacologie. p. 276. Brown...............Illust. of Recent Conch. of " Jacobson............nat. og. Phys. CopenhaGreat Britain and Ireland. gen. 4to. Edinburgh. " Kleeberg.............Dissert. Inaug. Zool., p. 37, " "...............Desc. Brit. Shells. Edinb. 39. Jour. Nat. Hist. and Geog. " i~enke................Synopsis Method. Moll., p. Sci., vol. i. 63, 64. Deshayes.............Mem. Soc. d'Hist. Nat., t. 3, " Pfeiffer.............. Naturg., 3d part, p. 67. p. 1. " Prevost...............De la Generat. chez les.Des Moulins..........Cat. des Coq. terr. et fluv. de Moules des peintres. la Gironde, p. 3. " Raspail..............Sur la parturition vivip. des " O......... Desc. d'unenouvelle espece Moules. Acad. des Sci. d'Unio du Perigord. Acts Nat., July. Soc. Linn. de Bordeaux. " Stark............. Elements of Nat. Hist. Ed-'" Ferussac.............Moll. terr. et fluv. Bull. inburgh, vol. ii. p. 89, 90. Univer., Fev. et Mars. " Treiranus...........Appendice aux Obs. Anod., " Gray................In Griffith's Transl. of Cu- Zeitz. Phys., t. 3. vier, 1827 to 1835. " Wood................ Supplement to Index Testa" Green................Remarks on Unio. Contrib. ceologicus. to the Maclurian Lyceum, 1829. Anonymous.........Remarks on I. Lea's Memoir vol. i. No. 2, p. 41. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., " H eomne Bauer.......Propagation of Oysters and Am. Jl. Sci., vol. xvi. Mussels. Ph. Tr. p. 39. " Costa...............Cat. dei Test. Due Sicilie. " Jacobson.............On Sex in Unio. Bull. des " Des Moulins.......... Supp. Cat. des Moll. terr. et Sci. Nat. fluv. de la Gironde. " Lea................Desc. of Six New Sp. Unio; " Grateloup........... Tabl. des Coq. foss. Soc. Anatomy. Trans. Am. Ph. Linn. Bordeaux, t. 5, Soc., vol. iii. Nov. 2, Obs. p. 3. vol. i.' "............Moll. terr. et fluv. de Dax. " Neumann...........De Anod. et Unionum Ovi- Act. Linn. Soc. Bordeaux. ducta. Dissert. Regio- " Guerin...............Icon. de Regne Anim. de monti. Cuvier, 1829 to 1839. Spix et Wagner..... Test. Braziliana. " Keferstein...........Zeitung Geog. 2d part, p. 92. " Unger...............De Anod. anatina. Dissert " Lea.................. New Genus and many new Vindobonae. Sp. of Naiades. Trans. Valenciennes.......... Voy. de Humboldt. Obs. Am. Phil. Soc., March 6. Zool., 13e livre. Also in Obs., vol. i. " Waardenberg.......... Commentatio Moll. Belgica. " Mcarcel de Serres...... Geog. des terr. tert., p. 143. 1 Observations on the Genus Unio, together with Desc. of new species of the Families Naiades, Colimacea, Lymnsana, Melaniana, and Peristomiana. 12 vols. imp. 4to. 41 162 BIBLIOGRAPHlY OF 1829. 3l~ene................Cat. of the Great Shell Coill. 1830. Nicklin.............. Conch. Obs. on Lamarck's of Baron Walsburg, Pyr- Naiades, Am. Jour. Sci., mont. vol. iii. p. 395. Murchison & Lyell...Tert. Fresh Water For. of'" Say..................American Conchol., part i. Aix, in Provence. Pro. 7 Nos., 1830 to 1834. Geol. Soc., p. 13.. ".................In Disseminator.' _Mic7Vctki............... Conch. Obs. on Lamarck's " Wood................British Organic Remains, p. Naiacles. Tran. Am. Phil. 15. Soc., vol. iii. p. 395. " Zieien................ Die Verstein Wurtemberg, " Phillips.............Geol. of Yorkshire, p. 144, p. 80, pl. 70, 71. 156, 161. 1831. Alder................Cat. Shells near Newcastle" Rcang................ Man. de l'Hist. Nat. des upon-Tyne. Trans. Nat. Moll., p. 294, 303. His. Soc., New Castle. " aspail.............. Note sur le parturition vivi-' " Carus............... Development of Mussels. In pare des Moules des Rivi- Nova Acta, May 14. eres. Ann. Soc. Obs., t. 1 " C ier....................The Animal Kingdom, Am. p. 109. Edit., vol. ii. p. 406. " Say.......Desc. New Terr. and Fluv. ".Deshayes............. Tableaux Comp. des especes Shells of N. Amer. Dis- de Coq. de terr. seminator. 1829 to 1831. " "............Art. Mulette, d'Encyc. Me" gSheppard, Mris., of thod, t. 2, p. 573. TWoodfield..........On Recent Shells, &c. Tran.............Desc. Coq. caracter. de Terr. Lit. and Hist. Soc. of Que- p. 39. beck, vol. i. p. 191. " "............Tabl. Comp. dans Lyell, Swainson............ Zool. Illust. 2d series, vol. 1, " Principles of Geol.," 1st pl. 10. Ed., p. 10, 12. 18t30. Alder............... Cat. of Land and Fr. Water " Ferussac............. Review of Jacobson, Phys. Testaceainvicin. of New- of Mull., Bull. des Sci. castle-upon-Tyne, in Tr. Nat. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northum- " JLea.................. Suppl. to Naiades. Trans. berland, and Durham. Am. Phil. Soc., May 20. " Anonymous........ Remarks on Mr. Isaac Lea's " Ogs., I vol. i. Mong. of the Genus Unio. " Mchud.............Compl. a Hist. Nat. de Moll. Eding. J1. Nat. and Geog. de Draparnaud. Sci., vol. ii. p. 185. " Racfinesque......... Continuation of Monogr. of " Collard des Cherres...Cat. des Coq. du Finistere, Shells of Ohio. p. 60. "...........Appendix to continuation of Cuvier............. g. Anim. 2d Edit., t. 3, Monograph. p. 139, 490, 499. Sy.............. American Conchology, parts " Deshcyes.............Encycl. Method., t. 2, p. 50, and 3, 1830 1834. t. 3, p. 314, 573.................. New Species, &c., in Disse-' Eiclwctd............Nat. Hist. Skirze, p. 210. minator. Gray................. Spicilegia Zoologica. Lond..................In Transylvan. Jour. Med., " Green.................Notes on Am. Shells, Trans. Lexington, Ky., vol. iv., Albany Inst., vol. i. p. for Oct.-Dec., p. 525. 134. " Short & Ecaton.......In Transylvania Jour. Med. enyon..............British Land and Fr. Water Feb. 1831, pages 74, 75, Shells, Mag. Nat. Hist., 76, &c. vol. i. and ii. Turton.............. Manual of Brit. Fr. Water " ]ickx................ Syn. Moll. Brabantixe. and Land Shells, p. 19, 20. Lea.. Obser. on Naiades and New 1832. Anonymous......... Criticism in Monthly Amer. Sp. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Journ. of Geol. and Nat. May 7. Also in "Obs.," Sci., vol. i. p. 370. vol. i. " ".........In Naturalist. Boston, vol. " Lesson.............. Voy. de la Coquil. Zool., t. ii. 2, p. 427. " ".........On Lea's Naiades. Amer.'' Menke................ Synopsis Meth. Moll., p.106, Jour. Sci., vol. xii. p. 108, 149, 2d Edition. 169. THE UNIONIDAE. 163 1832. Bouillet.............Cat. Coq. viv. du Dep. du 1833. Macntell............. eol. of East of England. Puy-de-Dome. Annales " Millet...............Tabl. Method. des Moll. terr. d'Auvergne. et fluv. Linn. Soc. Bor" Carus................Neue Untersuch, &c. Hass- deaux, t. 5, p. 6. muschel. 4to. Leipzig. " Say.................Catalogue of Exotic Shells " ristifori, Jcan......Catalogus Collectionum. in my Cabinet. " Deshcayes............Exp. Sci. de Moree, p. 109. " Valenciennes......... Coq. fluv. bivalve, de Nouv. " O n...........On Naiades. Encycl. Meth- Continent, &c. Recueil odique, Paris. d'Obs. de Zool. et d'Anat. Des loulins.........Desc. d'un nouvelle espece Comparee, &c., vol. ii. p. d'Unio. Actes Linn. Soc. 226-236. IIumboldt'sVoy. de Bordeaux. " Woodwcard........... Geol. of Norfolk Clay, p. 40. " Green............ Notes of a Naturalist. Cabi- 1834. Bloxcam..............Pearly matter in Freshwater net of Nat. Hist. &c., vol. Mussels. Mag. Nat. Hist., ii. p. 290. vol. vii. p. 160. " Investigator....... In Monthly Am. Journal of." Boillet..............Coq. foss. du Cale. d'eau Geol., &c., vol. i. p. 537- douce du Cantal. Bull. 549. Soc. Geol. de France, v. 6. Lea................. Obs. on Naiades and des. of " Conrad..............Desc. New Fr. Wat. Shells. New Sp. Trans. Am. Phil. Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xxv. Soc. Mar. 16. "Obs." vol. i. p. 338. " euzmcann....... Land-undWasserMollusken " ".............New Fr. Water Shells of the im Neuen Lausitzichern U. States, and Synoptical Mag., 1832-1833. Table of the Species of N. " Oen................Isis, p. 468. Amer. Naiades. 16mo. " Rafinesque...........Monograph. Trans. by C. pp. 76. A. Poulson. ".............New Genus Fr. Wat. Shells. ".........New Genera of Amer. Fluv. Jour. Academy Nat. Sci., Biv. Shells. Atl. Jour., Aug. p. 179. No. 4, p. 154. " ".............Amer. Conchology (Say's),' Say................. American Conchol., parts 4 part 7, Edited by Conrad. and 5, 1830 to 1834. " Cooper, W..........List of Shells, in School"....................Edinb. Encyclopedia, Art. craft's Expedit. to Upper Mollusca. Miss., p. 154. 1833. Brown...............The Conchologist's Text- " Fischer de Waldheim...Bib. Palseontol. Ani. Syst. Book. Moscow. Davreu............. Const. Geog. de Liege, p. 273. " Farines..............Desc. des trois esp. nouv. des " Earle.......... ist of Land and Fr. Water Coq., p. 1, pl. 3. Shells of Massachusetts in " Garner...............On Nervous Syst. of Moll. Report on Geol., Mineral., Tr. Lin. Soc., v. 17, p. 485. Botany, and Zool. of Mass. " Gray................. New Shells in his own Coil. 1st Ed. In Proc. Zool., vol. iv. p. Fitzinger............ System. Verzeich. Vienna, 57. p. 118. " Kirtland............ Sexual Characters of Union" Gould.............. Lamarck's Genera of Shells, idse. Am. Jour. Sci., vol. with Catalogue of Species. xxvi. p. 117. Transl. from the French. " Kloden...............Vestein Brunderb., p. 209, Boston. 313, 327, 330, 331, 332. " Gray............... Obs. on Moll. Anim's. Phil. " Lea.................Second Suppl. to Naiades. Trans., p. 771, 794, 795. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., et6cart...............Cat. do Coq. terr. et fluv. de Feb. 7, Dec. 19. " Obs.," Valenciennes, p. 17. vols. i., ii. " Hunt................The Cabinet of Nature and " "...............O..Obs. on the Genus Unio, Philosophy. &c., vol. i. Memoirs origi" Lea,...S............. ppl. to Obs. on Naiades. nally published in Tr. Am. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., Phil. Soc., 1827 to 1834. Mar. 15. Also in "Obs." " -Milne-Edwards.......16Em. de Zool., vol. iv. p. vol. i. 303. 164 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1834. NoouZt............. Prcis de l'Hist. Nat. des 1835. Morton..O......... Organic Remains. Am. Jr. Moll. terr. et fluv. Sci., vol. xxix. p. 149. Oke.............. Isis, p. 458. " Oken................ Allg. Naturg., vol. i. p. 317. " ang............. Mem. Aceph. d'eau douce du " Quatrefages...........Sur la vie interbranchiale Senegal. N. Ann. Mus., Anod. Ann. des Sci. Nat., p. 297. t. 5, p. 321. R avenel............. Catalogue of Recent Shells. " Rossmqcissle...........Iconog. der land und sussRogers...............Analysis of Shells. Amer. wasser Moll., lreliv. p.114; Journ. Sci., vol. xxvi. p. 2e liv. p. 19. 3 vols. 8vo. 361. Leipzig, 1835 to 1854. " Scy..................Synonymy, &c. Am. Con- " Sars.................Beskrivelser og Tagllagelchology, part 6. ser. Beyen. " Strickland............F. WaF. tand Land Shells of " Swinson.............Elements of Modern ConchHenley on Thames. Mag. ology. 12mo. Nat. Hist., vol vii. p. 494. " Wood................. General Conchology, 2d Ed. Warcren, J............The Conchologist. Boston. 1836. Bean.................Fossil Shells. Mag. Nat. Wood, S. V.......... Lacustrine For. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. ix. Hist., vol. vii., p. 274. " Bouillet............. Cat. Moll. d'Auvergne, p. 1835. Anonymous........ Review of Lea's "Observa- 80; foss. p. 149. tions," &c. Amer. Jour. " Bronn.............. Phil. Mag. and Bull. Geol. Sci., vol. xxvii. p. 371. Soc., t. 7. Blainville...........Rapport sur un Mem. de " Cooper, D)..........List of Land and Fr. Water Quatrefages. Ann. des Shells of the Environs of Sci. Nat., vol. iv. p. 283. London. " Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist... Cat. of Massachusetts Shells. " Deshayes.............Art Conchylifera. Cycl. Hitchcock's Geol. Report. An. et Phys., t. 1, p. 694. Bronn...............Letheea Geog., p. 361, 1835- " Fitton................ Strata below the Chalk, p. 1837. 178, 228, 229, 230, 298. " Conrad.............. Monograph, Fam. NaYades " Fournel..............Faune de la Moselle, p. 485. N. America, 13 Nos. 1835 " Garner.............. Anatomy of Lamellibranchto 1843. iate Conch. Proc. Zool.' Deshayes, dans La- Soc., p. 14. marck..............An. s. Vert. 2e Edit., t. 6. " Held.................Aufzahlung der Bahern " D' Orbigny..........Synop. Molluscorum Amer. Moll. Isis, p. 271. Merid. Mag. de Zool. No. " Hibbet...............Fresh Water Limestone of 61, p. 37. Burdic House. Tr. Roy. "..........Voy. dans l'Amer. Merid., Soc. Ed., vol. xiii. 1835 to 1843. " Hidret..............Habits of Uniones. Amer. Ecarle............... List of Land and Fr. Water Jour. Sci., vol. xxxi. p. 62. Shells of Mass. In Report " Holandre............Faune de la Moselle, p. 54. on Geol., Mineral., Bota- " Jay................. Catalogue of Recent Shells. ny, and Zoology of Massa- 2d Edition. chusetts. 2d Edition. " Kiirtland.... S... Sexual Characters of NaiEncyclo. Americana..Art. Conch. ades, in Wiegmann's Ar" Ferussac............. Obs. sur les NaYades. Mag. chiv., vol. i. p. 236. de Zool., Nos. 59, 60. " Lea................Desc. of a New Sp. of Unio Goupil...............Hist. des Moll. de la Garthe, [spinosus]. 4to. p. 82. "................. Contin. of paper on Naiades. Jaquemin........ Guide du Voy. a Aries. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., " Jay.................. Catalogue of Recent Shells. Feb. 5, July 15, Aug. 19, 1st Edition. Nov. 4. "Obs.," vol. ii. Lea.................. Contin. of paper on Naiades. "................Synopsis of Family Naiades. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 8vo. 1st Edition. Jan. 2 and Sept. 18. " lolicand............ Coq. terr. et fluv. de Bahia. " Obs.," &c., vol. ii. M6m. Soc. Phy. de Gen" Loudon........ Remarks on Lea's Obs. on eve. Unio. Mag. Nat. Hist., " Miittller....Synopsis Test. Viventium, vol. viii. p. 126. p. 193 et seq. THE UNIONID J. 165 1836. Philippi.......... Enum. Moll. Sicilise, t. 1, p. 1837 a 1839. Ia'uduyt...... Moll. terr. et fluv. du De66. part. de laVienne, France. Romer.................Oolith. Gebirg., p. 94; Sup. " 3fichaud.............U. truncatosa. Mag. de 213. Zool., pl. 85. " Rossmqnssler...... Iconographie, 3e livre, p. 22. " I Partsch............. Jahrb., p. 424. " Scaccchi............. Cat. Conch. Rbg. Neap., p. 4. " Pusch................ Polens Palseontologie, p. Sowerby..............Mollusca. In Richardson's 55. Fauna Boreali-Amer.,vol. " Siebold...............On Sexuality in Mussels. iii. p. 316. Archiv fur Natur., vol. iii. " ".............In Fitton's Strata below the p. 51. Chalk, p. 346, 358. " Sowerby............. Trans. Geol. Soc., vol. v. p. Wiegmann.......... Note on Kirtland [ut supra] 491. in Wiegmann's Arch., " Storer............... Translat. of Kiener's "Spevol. i. p. 236. cies Generales." " Williamson..........On Limestones of Manches- " Troschel.............Neue Sussw. Conch. Arch. ter. Lond. and Edin. Phi- fdr Nat., t. 4, p. 180, 182. los. Mag., p. 247. " Verneuil.............Mem. Geol. sur la Crimee. 1837. Anonymous.........Economical Uses of Testa- 1838. Alde............... Suppl. to Cat. of Testacea, cea. Am. Jour. Sci., vol. &c. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. xxxii. p. 53, 235. of North'd and Durham,' Beck...............Index Moll. Mus. Principi vol. ii. Christ. Fred. 4to. " "............... Notes on Land and Fr. Wat. Bouillet..............Cat. Moll. terr. et fluv. dans Moll. of Gr. Britain. Jarla Haute et Basse Au- dine's Mag. of Zool. and vergne. Botany.' Charpentier.........Cat. des Moll. de la Suisse, Anonymous..........Review of Lea's "Observap. 24. tions." Amer. Jour. Sci., " Dunker............Syst. Conch. Cab. von Mar- vol. xxxv. p. 184. tini et Chemnitz. " Bouchard- ChanterFerussac............. Cat. des Coq., p. 17. eaux........... Cat. des Moll. terr. et fluv. " Fleming.............I Moll. Animals. Art. Conch- du Pas du Calais, p. 89. ology. 7th Edit. Encycl. " Bronn............. Lethea Geognostica, 2d Ed. Brit. 2 vols. Goldfuss............Petrif. Deutschlands, vol. ii. " Brumti.............Cat. delle Conch. di Monfalp. 180. cone, p. 54. Gould............... Catalogue of Maine Shells, " Eydoux..............Moll. du Voyage Favorite. in 1st Geol. Report of the Mag. de Zool., pl. 118. State of Maine, p. 119. ".Fleming..............Hist. of Brit. Animals. 8vo. " lildreth.............Disease among Shell-Fish. ".Forbes, E............ Malacol. Monensis, p. 44. Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xxxii. " irtlan............On the Zoology of Ohio. 1st p. 97. Ann. Geol. Rep't of Ohio,' Keber...............De Nervis Concharum. Be- p. 170. rolini. " Lea................. On Naiades. Trans. Am. " Kirtland............ Observations, &c. Am.Jour. Phil. Soc., Jan. 5 and 19, Sci., vol. xxxi. p. 35. vol. vi. p. 103, 108. Obs. " Koch & Dunker.......Beit. zur Kennt. Oolit., p. on the Genus Unio, &c., 18, 58. vol. ii. " Krynicki............Conch. Terr. Fluv. et Mar. " "................. Synopsis, Family Naiades. Bull. Imp. Soc. Moscow, 2dEd. 4to. Also inTrans. 1832,'35,'37. vol. vi. p. 113. " Kuster...............Syst. Conc h. Ca. von ar- "................. Torpidity ofAnodonta Chaitini et Chemnitz. 1837- ziana. Pro. Am. Ph. Soc., 1870. vol. i. p. 8. Lamoroux...........Unio antistrophodonta bei " caravigz ny..........Mem. pour l'Hist. Nat. de Nancy. N. Jahrb. la Sicilie, p. 73. " Lea.................On Naiades. Trans. Am. " 3loricand............Coq. terr. et fluv. de Bahia. Phil. Soc. July21. "Obs." Soc. Hist. Nat. Geneva, vol. ii. Mar. 23. 42 166 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1838. Porro............... Moll. terr. et fluv. Prov. Co- 1839. Terver...............Cat. des Moll. terr. et fluv. masco. Milan. p. 114. de l'Algierie, p. 39. Potiez et lcchatud..... Galerie des Moll. &c. Paris. " "..............Penny Cyclop., Art. MalaRossmassle...........Iconogr., 7 et 8 liv., p. 25 cology. et 41. " Troschel............. Mollusca. Arcliv fur Na" Siebold...............Observ. sur un Organ enig- turg., vol. ii. p. 201. matique. Arch. de Miiller 1840. Bonhommen...........Not. Bivalve. Rcelez. In (Jan.) Ann. Sci. Nat., t. Grateloup's Moll. de la 10, p. 319. France. Sullivant............ Catalogue of Shells and Min- " Bvignier............ Cat. des Moll. de la Meuse, erals, &c. Columbus, O. p. 10. Troschel.............Bericht fiber Moll. Arcliv " Dekay................ Catalogue of Animals, State ftir Naturg., vol. ii. p. 265. of New York. Geol. Rep. T yyatt............... Manual of Conchology. N. and Assembly Docum'ts. York. 8vo. pp. 191. " Eichald.............Die Thier und Pflanzen1839. Adams, C. B.........Shells of Fresh Pond. Am. Reste. Bull. Acad. Pet. Jour. Sci., vol. xxxvi. p. " "............rwelt Russland. Peters392. burg Bull., 1840-1842, and Agassiz.............. Sur les Moules de Moll. Neu- Jahrb., 1843. chatel Mem. ii. " Gras................ Desc. des Moll. terr. et fluv. ".............Sur les Moules du Musee de de la France. Neufchatel. Moscou. Bull. " Gray...............Animal of Hyria. Ann. Nat. Soc. Nat. Hist., No. 37, p. 316. Anton................Vers der Conch., p. 14. " "...............Syn. Brit. Mus. Arada et liaggiore.... Cat. Conch. Sicilie. " "...............On Byssus of Unio. Ann. " Brown, T.......... Conchology of Gr. Britain Nat. Hist., p. 77. and Ireland. " "............... Turton's Manual, 2d Edit., " Dekay................Catalogue of the Animals of p. 295. the State of New York. " Guibal.............. Terr. Juras. de la Meurthe, Assembly Doc. p. 59. Des IMoutins......... Considerations Gienerales. " Hanley............... Conch. Book of Species, 1st Soc. Lin. de BordeauK, Edition. vol. xi. p. 1. " Kirtlcand............Sexual Differences and Ha-' ",.........On Lea's Naiades (vol. ii.) bits of Naiades. Am.Jour. Soc. Linn. de Bordeaux, Sci., vol. xxxix. p. 164. t. 11, No. 1. " Lea................ Fr. Water and Land Shells. Jcy................. Catalogue of Recent Shells, In Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 3d Edition, p. 118. Oct. 2. Pro. Acad. Nat. " Jordan, A........... Catalogue of British Moll. Sci., p. 282 & 285. "Obs.' Bristol. vol. iii. Lamarck............ Animaux sans Vertebres, " PickardC............ Hist. des Moll. de la Somme, par Deshayes et Milne-Ed- p. 314. wards, vol. ii. p. 667-679. " ".............Mem. sur les deviations dans'" Miinster...........Belt. zur Petrifacten, p. 108. le Genre Unio. Soc. Linn. " Romer............ Verst. Oolit. Geb. Supp., p. du Nord de la France, t. 55. 1, p. 339. " ossmassler...........Iconogr., 9 et 10e liv. p. 10. " Poe................. Conchologist's First Book. Russel................ Familiar Notice of the Shells Philadelphia. 12no. pp. of Essex Co. Jour. Essex 166. Co. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. i " Bomer...............Die Verstierungen, &c. p. 47. 1840-1841. Sager............. Catalogue of Animals of " Say, rls............. Republication of Mr. Say's Michigan. Descriptions of Fr. Water " Sooerby, G. B., Jr....Concholog'l Manual, p. 111. and Land Shells, 1829, T Tappan.............Desc. of New Shells. Amer. 1830, 1831. Jour. Sci., vol. xxxv. p. " Schmidt...........On Uniones. Bull. de la Soc. 268. Imp., Moscow. THE UNIONIDE. 167 1840. Swainson...........Treatise on Mallacology, p. 1841. Thompson.......... Catalogue of Land and Fr. 264, 377, f. 123, p. 378, Wat. Mollusca of Ireland. 379, 380, f. 124. Ann. Nat. Hist., p. 196. Taylor & Shiverick.... Catalogue of Shells of Bris- " Troschel..............Bericht iiber der Naturg., tol Co., Massachusetts. vol. ii. p. 259. Tqoschel..............Bericht iiber Naturg., vol. " Villa.................Benacensis Conch. ii. p. 198. " ".................Dispositio Syst. Conch. terr. " Turton. [See Gray.) et fluv. &c., p. 40 et seq. 1841. Adams, C. B.........Cat. of Shells of Middlebury, 1842. Adams, C. B....... Shells of Vermont, in HisVermont. Am. Jour. Sci., tory of Vermont (Thompvol. xl. p. 266. son's). Also in Pamphlet, " Conrad..............Desc. of a New Genus of Fr. pp. 20. Water Shells. Jour. Acad. " Anonymous.........Preparation of Shells for the Nat. Sci., vol. viii. 1st Ser. Cabinet. Am. Jour. Sci., p. 178. vol. xlii. p. 391. " "(.............Desc. Three N. Spec. Unio. " Anthony.............List of Land and Fr. Water Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. Shells near Cincinnati, 0. i. p. 19. 1st Edition. Delessert.............RecueildeCoq. par Lamarck " Benson............... oll. of Chusan. Ann. Nat. et non fig. pl. 12, 13, 19. Hist., vol. ix. p. 489. Eichwald..............Fauna Caspio-Cauc., p. 264. " Braun............. eutschl. Naturfv.' Garner...............On the Lamell. Conchifera. " Cantor...............List of Shells from Chusan. Tr. Zool. Soc., vol. ii. p. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 124. 87. " Conrad.............. Desc. Three N. Spec. Unio, Gould............... Invertebrata of Massachu- Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. setts, p. 106-120. viii., 1st Ser., p. 178. "................Shells of Massachusetts, and " D' Orbigny............Paleontologie de l'Amer. Geog. Distribution. Bost. Merid., p. 127. Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. iii. " Femi............. Brit. Animals, 2d Edit., p. p. 483. 416, 417.' GCruner..............Einigeneue Land- und Siss- " Gray.................Syn. Brit. Mus., p. 91. was.-Conch. Weigmann's " Gray, ~Mrs. 21. E....Figures of Moll. Anim., 5 Archiv, p. 276. vols. Lond., 1842 to 1857. " Haldeman...........Desc. of Five New Species Gualtei..............Index Test. Conch., &c. American Fr. Wat. Shells. " HIaldeman............ Notes on Nomenclature. Pr. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. i. p. viii., 1st ser., p. 201. 176. " "............Remarks on Uniones, &c. " lanley............... Conch. Book of Species, 2d Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. Edition. i. p. 104.. "..............Illustrated and Descriptive " Lea................. Desc. of Fr. Water and Land Catal., forming an AppenShells. Trans. Am. Phil. dix to Wood's Index TesSoc., Jan. 15, Feb. 19, taceologicus, 1842 to 1856, June 18. Also in Pro., p. p. 174 et seq. 30,74, 81, 224, and "Obs. " Lea.................Notes on Nomenclature. Pr. vol. iii. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. i. p. ".................On Gestation of Naiades. 215. Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 34. "................. Observations on the Genus " Nicklin..............Translation of Des Moulins' Unio, &c., vol. iii. Me"Gen'l Considerations." moirs originally published Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xli. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., p. 104. 1838 to 1842. " Ray et Drouet........Moll. de la Campagne. " ".................Desc. Fr. Water and Land " Reeve................. Conch. Syst., vol. i. p. 116, Shells. Trans. Am. Phil. 119, 121. Society, Oct. 21, Dec. 16. "( L"............. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 75. Also in " Obs.," vol. iv. Swainson...... Exotic Conchology, 2d Edit. " 21 atheron........... Cat. des Fossiles du Dept. p. 28, 29. des Bouches du Rhone. 168 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1842. Neuwyler...........Die Gener. Organ. Anod. & 1843. ~acgilivrcay.........Mollusks of Aberdeen, p. Unio. Neue Denkschr. 207, 240. Allgem. Schweiz. Rev. " M atheron.............Catalogue, p. 168. Cat. Zool., p. 88. Isis, 1841, p. Meth. et Descript. 218. ". ence................ Moll. Nov. Holl. Spec., p. 38. " Philppi..........Abbild. und Besch. Conch. " Miermet..............Hist. des Moll. des Pyr. occ. Cassel, 1842 to 1850. p. 86. Prescott............. Cat. of the Mar. Fluv. and ".Mighels............. Cat. of the Shells of Maine. Land Shells of Massachu- Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. setts. iv. p. 324. Also in PamR" ecluz..............Desc. de deux Coq. nouv. phlet, p. 18. Rev. Zool., t. 5, p. 305. " illet................Desc. des quelques Nouv. " Reeve................ Conch. Systematica. 2 vols. Esp. de Moll. de France. 4to. Mag. de Zool. " Bossmissler...........Iconograph. le liv. p. 13. " loquin-Tandon.......Moll. terr. et fluv. de Tou" Sgcanzi.............Cat. des Coq. de Madagas., louse. In Acts of Acad. of &c., p. 8. Toulouse. Sowerby, G. B., Jr.... Conchological Manual, 2d " MAorris.............. Cat. of Brit. Foss., p. 105. Edit., pp. 12, 100, 164,200. " lIussey.............. Cat. of the Shells of the Ohio " Stutchbury..........A New Gen. of Fossil Shells. Valley. Proc. National Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. viii. Institute, p. 297. Washp. 481. ington, D. C. Troschel..............Bericht fiber der Naturg., Recuz............... Castalia Duprei. Mag. de vol. ii. p. 372. Zool., pl. 77, 78. Wheatley............ Catalogue of Shells of the U. Reeve................. Conchol. Iconica, or Shells S., with localities. 1st Ed. of Moll. Animals. 4to. pp. 29. 12mo. 1843 to 1869. 1843. Anthony............List of Shells near Cincin- " Reynis.............Lettre sur quelques Moll. nati. 2d and 3d Editions. terr. et fluv., p. 5-7. Brown..............Elem. of Foss. Conch., p. 91. " Scholtz.............. Schlesiens Land- und Was" Dekay................Zool. of New York, in N. Y. ser Mollusken. Breslau. State Reports, Part V., " Shuttleworth...........Mittheil Naturf. Gesellsch. Mollusca. Bern. 1843 to 1852.' Deshayes............Traite Elem. de Conchyl., ".........Mollusken von Corsica. 1843 to'50, p. 216 et seq. " Thompson............Report to the Br. Assoc. on "'D Orbigny..........Consid. sur la Normale com- the Fauna of Ireland. parative des Moll. biv. " Troschel..............Bericht iiber der Naturg., " Dupuy...............Essai sur les Moll. du Gers. vol. ii. p. 115. viv. et foss., p. 77, 102. 1844. Blanchard1............ Obser. Syst. Nerv. des Moll. " Gould................Number and Distribution of Ann. des Sci. Nat., t. 3, Testacea of Massachusetts. p. 321. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. " Brown, T............Illustrated Conchology of vol. i. p. 6, 89, 117. Gr. Brit. 4to. London.."..............Desc. of Shells from Tavoy, " De Koninck.........Foss. de Carb. de Belg. 2 Brit. Burmah. Bost. Jour. vols. 4to. Nat. Hist., Sep. 6, vol. iv " D'Orbigny..........Paleon. Franqaise Terr. p. 452, and in Proc. Bost. Cret., t. 3, p. 124. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. i. p. " Des M~oulins........ Cat. Moll. de la Dordogne. 139, 160. " Gould...............Genus Pseudodon. Proc. " Klipstein............ Zur Geologischen Kenntniss Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. &c. Jahrb., p. 831. i. p. 161. " Lea.................. Desc. Fr. Water and Land " Grffth.............. English Edition of Cuvier's Shells. Trans. Am. Phil. Regn. Anim. Soc., Aug. 18. Also in ":[Haldemanc............In Iconogr. Encycl. of Sci., "Obs.," vol. iv. translated by Prof. S. F.;................. New Fresh Water and Land Baird, vol. ii. p. 49. Shells. Pro. Am. Phil. "'...........In Rupp's Hist. of Lancaster Soc., vol. iv. p. 8, 158, 162. Co., p. 479. TIIE UNI OXID D. 169 1844. Iialdeman.......... Moll. common to Europe and 1845. Linsley.............. Catal. of Shells of ConnectiAmerica. Jour. Bost. Soc. cut. Am. Jour. Sci., vol. Nat. Hist., vol. iv. p. 468. xlviii. p. 277. " Jackson.............. List of Shells found at Lake " _ Jorelet...............Desc. des Moll. terr. et fluv. Superior. Proc. Bost. Soc. du Portugal, p. 100. Nat. Hist., vol. i. p. 198. " Philipp..............Bemerkungen fiber die Moll. Joba................ Cat. Moll. terr. et fluv. dans Fauna von Massachusetts. le Dept. de la Moselle. Zeits. ffir Malakoz. IMm. Soc. Hist. Nat. " Plunmer.............Cat. of Shells of Wayne Co., " lacgillivray..........Moll. Animals of Scotland. Indiana. Am. Jour. Sci., " 3antell.......... Fossil Unionidae. Am. Jour. vol. xlviii. p. 93. Sci., vol. xlvii. p. 402. " Read.................Cat. of Shells of Massachu" Phippii..............Desc. test. novorum. Zeits. setts. Lynn, 1845. fir Malak. " Scholtz.............Schlesiens Land- und WasPotier et MiZchaud......Gal. des 1ll., t. 2, p. 146, ser Moll. Zeits. filr Malak. 148, 158. p. 156. " Troost..............List of Shells of Tennessee, " "..............Nueste Beobachtungen in in 7th Geol. Rep. of Ten- Geb. der Moll. Schlesiens. nessee, p. 40. Zeits. fiir Malakoz. " Troschel........ U...... eber die Familie der Naja- " Troschel.............. Ueber die Familie der Najaden. Arch. ffir Nat. p. 257. den. Arch. ffir Nat. p. 247. " Villa...............Catal. dei Ioll. della Lorn- " Wheatley............ Catal. of Shells of the U. S. bardia. 2d Edition. 18mo. p. 7. 1845. Browon, T........... Conchology of Gr. Brit. and 1846. Agassiz............... Nomenclator Zoologicus. Ireland. 8vo. 4to. Soloduri. " Catloo.............. Conch. Nomenclator, p. " Bronn..............Lethea Geog., 3d Edit. 55, 69. " Conrad.............Fresh Water Shells of RockCheaun..............Bibliothbque Conch., 1 e se- bridge Co., Va. Am. Jour. ries, vol. iii. p. 10, 12, 18, Sci., vol. i. p. 405. 22, 24, 31, 32, 45, 46, 52, " Dunker..............Diagnoses Moll. nov. Zeits. 53, &c. fuir Malakoz. Co Comanyo Jlcassot....Desc. d'un Nouv. Esp. de " Geinit...............Gru ndriss der Verst., p. Mulette. In Soc. Agr. et 440. lett. Pyr.-Or., vol. ii. p. " Gould............... Desc. of Shells from Tavoy, 234. in British Burmah. Proc. " Des lfoulins.........Cat. de la Gironde. Linn. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. Soc. Bordeaux, t. 2, p. 39. ii. p. 218. " D'Orbigny..........Moll. viv. et foss. 10 vols. "...............Desc. of Shells in Wilkes' 8vo. U. S. Expl. Exped. (in 4 D" )uernoy........... Sur le Syst. Nerv. des Moll. vols. folio), and in Proc. Comp. Rend., No. 8, 22, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1846 28. to 1850. Gould............... Desc. Two New Unios of Gr ls......at. Ioll. en Espafla. MaFlorida. Proc. Bost. Soc. drid. Nat. Hist., vol. ii. p. 53. " G as Albin........... Desc. des Moll. fluv. et terr. Jo ly.A............ Anodonta qui r6siste a la de la France. Pamphlet. congelation. Ann. des Sci. " llaldeman............ Western Uniones in the SusNat., 3d ser. vol. iii. p. 373. quehanna, and Desc. of I ~eyserling....... Verneuil & 3Murchison, vol. U. abacoides. Proc. Acad. ii. p. 307. Nat. Sci., vol. iii. p. 15 " Lea.................Desc. of Fr. Wat. and Land and 75. Shells. Trans. Am. Phil. " "...........U. abacoides in Am. Jour. Soc., May 2, and "Obs.," Sci. Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. vol. iv. xviii. p. 430. "................. Observ. on the Genus Unio, " Hanla,ey.............. Illust. Catalogue, vol. ii. p. &c., vol. iv. Memoirs ori- 173, 225. ginally published in Tran. " Hermcannsen.......... Ind icis Generum MIalacozAlm. Phil. Soc., 1841-'45. oorum primordcia. 43 170 BIBLIOGR TAP IY OF 1840. Joba........ Cat. de la Moselle. Supple- 1848. Krauss..............Die Siidafrikanischen MIolment IMm. Soc. d'Hist. lusken. Nat.' L".en................On Branchire of Moll., &c.." Iacyo...............Lessons on Shells. Mem. Acad. de Stock-' Slihumarcld....... Catal. of Fluviatile Shells, holm. &c. In Naturalist and Jr. " A~enke................ Zeitschrift ftir Malak., p. 48. of Agriculture, Louisville, " iiddendorff.. M.......Ialak. Riissland. Bull. Soc. Ky., vol. i. No. 3, p. 105. Nat. Hist. Moscow. T Toschel..............Ueber die Familie der Naja- " Aiousson.............Land und Siissw. Moll. von den. Arch. ffir Nat. p. 412. Java. Zeits. ffir Malakoz, 1847. Adams, C. B........Catalogue Genera and Spe- p. 177. cies of Recent Shells. Col- PhilZppi............. enke's Zeits., p. 130. lection of C. B. Adams. " Requie..............Cat. Coq. de l'Isle de Corse. Agassiz.... Introduction to the Study of Avignon. Nat. Hist. 8vo. N. York. " Toschel.............. Die Familie der Najaden. D D)puy................Hist. Nat. des Moll. de la Arch. fuir Nat., p. 213. France. 4to. 736pp. 1847 1849. Agassiz...............Breathing Organs of Molto 1852. lusca. Proc. Best. Soc. Gouzd............. Desc. New Unio from Tavoy Nat. Hist., vol. iii. p. 237. in Brit. Burmah. Proc. " "..............Germs of Anodonta. Twelve Best. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. Lectures on Embryology. ii. p. 220. Pamphlet, p. 92. G ayGr..............List of Genera of Recent " Bronn..............Index Palmeontologicus. 3 Moll. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. vols. 129. " Concrad.............Desc. New Fr. Water and zl~antell.............Geol. of Isle of Wighlt. Mar. Shells. Proc. Acad.' MIctheron.......Cat. Cab. Meth. et Descrip. Nat. Sci., vol. iv. p. 152. Phiippi.............. Test. nov. cent. in Zeits. ffir Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. iv. Malakoz, vol. iv. p. 95, p. 300. 96. " Des7hayes............Exp. Sci. de l'Algeria. 4to. " Pton.............. oll. terr. et fluv. desVosges. Paris. Reieak..............Euber ein Selbs. Darnner " Diupuy............... Cat. Extra Gall. Test. ver System. Berlin. " Gassies.............. Moll. de l'Agenais. 8vo. p.'' Schrenlk.......... Uebersicht der Land- und 91, 187, 209. Siisswasser Moll. Liv- " Lyell................Second Visit to the U. S., lands. vol. i. p. 243. Troschel.............. Die Familie der Najaden. " 2enke................ Ein Sidafri. Unio. Zeits. Archiv fir Naturg., p. 257. ffir Malakoz, p. 28. " B.............Bericht iiber der Moll. Ar- " Iorelet...............Testacea Nov. Ins. Cubana chliv ffir Natur., p. 368. et Amer. Cent., p. 28. 1848. AS cassiz..............Nomenclatoris Zoologici In- " A3ousson..............Die Land- und Siisswasser dex Univ. 12mo. Soloduri. Moll. von Java. 8vo. p. Alder...............Cat. of Moll. of North'd and 126. Durham. Trans. of Tyne- " Parreyss............Syst. Verz. der Oester. Landside Nat. Field Club., vol. & Fluss-Conch. Freunde i. p. 176. der Natur. in Wien, p. 97.;" Brande...............Art. Conchology. Diet. of " Philippi..............Centurea Test. novorum. Arts and Sciences, New Zeits. fir Malakoz, pp. 123 York Edition. and 176. " Dunlcer.............Diag. M3oll. nov. Zeits. fir " Quatrefages........ Emnbryologie de Unio. Rev. Malakoz, p. 108. et Mag., p. 370. " Forbes Hlanley...... British Molluscs, 1848 to'50. B" Bay et Drouet........Desc. d'une nouv. espece " Gibbes................In Geol. Report S. Carolina. d'Anodonte. Rev. et 3ag. Appendix, p. 21. Zool., p. 29. " Goultd................Desc. of Shells of Connecti- " Siechmascko..........Bull. de St. Petersbourg. cut collected by Linsley. " Troschel..............Die Familie der Najaden. Am. Jour. Sci., 2d Ser., Arch. fir Nat. vol. ii. p. vol. vi. p. 233, Sept. 1848. 76. THE U N 10 I D J. 171 1849. Tailes................ Moll. of the Mississippi. In 1851. Agasss.............Letter to I. Lea on iNaiades. Geol. Report of Mississip- Proc. Am. Phil. Society pi. 8vo. p. 338. (Sept.), vol. v. p. 219. West. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Catal. of Shells of Ohio, &c. " Des 3loulins..........IMoll. terr. et fluv. de la Gi" Wyatt, Thos.......... Synopsis of Nat. Hist., &c. ronde. Acts Linn. Soc. 49 plates. Philadelphia. Bordeaux, vol. xvii. 1850. Agassiz...............Remarks on Fr.Wat. Shells. " Forbes, E...........Estuary Beds and Oxford Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Clay. Journal Geol. Soc., vol. iii. p. 301, 356. vol. vii. p. 104. " rown, Alex..........In Deshayes' Traite fle'ml., " Gould.......... Descr. of N. Spec. of Shells. vol. ii. p. 216. Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist. " Conrad..............Desc. N. Species Fr. Water vol. iv. p. 92. Shells. Proc. Acad. Nat.' i;rnes............. Die Fossilen M3oll. Tert. Sci., vol. v.. 10. Jour. Von Wien. Geol. Jahrb., Acad. Nat. Sci,, vol. i. p. 1851 and 1852. 275. K" Iebe'............... Beitrage zur Anat. & Phys. " Derille et lupe........Desc. de quelques Coq. nou- Konigsburg. 8vo. 2 pl. velles. Rev. de Zool., p. " Kirtland............ Sexes and Habits of Union638. idae. May 8, 1851. Proc. D' Orbigny.......... Prodrom. Palkeontol., 1850- Am. Ass., vol. v. p. 85. 1852. See Index, p. 184. " Laphamn............ Catalogue of the Mollusca of Gascoin..............Habits of Helix, &c. Proc. Wisconsin. Zool. Soc., p. 244. " Lea................. On Acostea. Jour. Acad. " Gold................ Catalogue, &c. In Agassiz's Nat. Sci., Oct. 25, vol. ii. Lake Superior, p. 243. p. 125. Proc. Acad. Nat. "............Desc. New Sp. Shells. Proc. Sci., vol. v. p. 277. Also Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. in Pamphlet. iii. p. 293..................Remarks on Prof. Agassiz's Jay................. Catalogue of Shells. 4th Ed. Discoveries on New ChaNew York. pp. 460. racters in the Naiades. " Johnson............. Introductionto Conchology. Pro. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. London. v. p. 187. " Kiclx............... Synopsis Moll. Brabantie. " "................. Correspondence with Prof. " Lea............... Desc. Five N. Species Ano- Agassiz relating to discodonta. Proc. Zool. Soc., veries in the Anatomy of London, July 9, vol. xviii. the Naiades. Proc. Am. p. 197. Also Ann. Nat. Phil. Soc., vol. v. p. 218. Hist., 2d Ser., vol. viii. p. " Lyell................ Manual of Geology, 3d Edi493. tion, p. 28. " ".................. Large Unionide, their sizes M" iddendorff..........Siberische Reise. Bull. de and weights. Pro. Amer. Petersbourg, vol. ii. p. 275. Phil. Soc., vol. v. p. 153, " MIorelet...............Test. Nov. Cubans etAmir. 191. Cent., Pars ii. p. 28, and " l1i;;3rch........... Cat. of Kierulf's Cab., p. 26. J1. de Conch., p. 229.' ecluz..............Desc. d'une nouv. espece " Pfeiffer............. Remarks on Mousson's L'd d'Anodonte. Journ. de and Fresh Water Moll. of Conch. Paris. Java. Zeits. ffir Mal.,p.46. " Buschenberger........Natural History [Concholo- " Spinelli..............Catal. dei Moll. della Bresgy], vol. i. Book V. ciano. "'........Conchology. 181i1. (Sepa- " Stimpson.............Shells of New England, p. rate.) Philadelphia. 56, 8vo. Stein................ Die lebenden Schnecken, " Triele................Norske Land og Forsk&c. Pamphlet. Berlin. Vanld MIollusker. " Troschel...........Die Familie der Najaden. " Troschel..............Die Familie der Najaden. Arch. fuir Nat., vol. ii. p. Arch. ftir Nat., vol. ii. p. 99. 68. 1851. Agassi...............MSS. in Stimpson's Shells " TWoodwa;rd.....,...... MIanual of the MIollusca. of New England. I London. 1851 to 1856. 172 BIBLIO GRAIP Y OF 1831. Zelebor.S...........Syst. Verzeich. Oesterreich 1852. Shumard.............In Marcy's Explora. of the Land- und Siissw. Moll. Red Riv. of Louisiana. Berich. von Freuende der Sen. Doc., p. 244. Natur. in Wien, p. 21. 2 " Troschel..............Die Familie der Najaden. 1852. Adamzs, C. B.........In Marcy's Exploration of Arch. fur Nat., v. ii. p. the Red Riv. of Louisiana. 258. Sen. Doc., p. 242. " Yoldi. See Mlirch.... Agassiz............. Division of No. Amer. Nai- 1853. Anthony............Lists of Ohio Shells. Proc. ades. In Archiv ffir Na- Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. ii. turg., p. 41. " Barbie..............Cat. Cote d'Or. Acad. DiB oourguignat.........Testacea Novissima. In J1. jon, 2d Ser., vol. ii. de Conch. and Pamphlet. " Baudon............. Su l'oviducte de Genr. Unio " ".........Voy. autour de la Mer Mort, et Anodonta. Jr. de Conch. par Saulcy. p. 353. Conad...............Notes on Shells, and De- " "..............Observations in Jour. de scriptions. Pro. Acad. Na. Conch., p. 278, 279. Sci., vol. vi. p. 199. " land...N.............Note sur l'erosion des Coq. " Drouet............. Etudes sur les Nayades de la fiuv. Jour. de Conch., p. France. 1852-1854. 306. " Dumont et Mlortillet... Hist. Moll. Savoie, &c. 1852 Bourguignat..........Amnlit6s Malacol., vol. i., -1854. 1853 to 1857. " Dunkcer.............Diagn. Moll. novorum. Zeit. "........Desc. des Coq. de Syrie. ftir Malak., p. 53. Jour. de Conch., p. 69. Gould............... Moll. of Wilkes' U. S. Expl. " ".........Voy. de la Mer Morte, par Expedition, p. 428-436. Saulcy. Liv. 15. Moll. Jay.................. Catalogue of Shells. 4th Ed. " Conrad............. Synopsis of Family Naiades. Supplement. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. Leach.............. Synop. of Moll. of Gr. Brit. vi. p. 243. Ed. by J. E. Gray, LL. D. " "............ Omissions and corrections of Lea.............On Dipsas plicatus. Leach. Synopsis. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. vol. vi. p. 499. vi. p. 52. " Dupuy.............. Moll. terr. et fluv. du Gers. " "................. Desc. N. Species, Periodicity p. 72. of Naiades, and Remarks. " Forbes 6 cianley......Brit. Moll. with figures of Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. Unionidle. 4 vols. 8vo. vi. p. 54. " Gould................A System of Natural His" ".................Definition of the term Spe- tory, &c. Boston. cies, &c. Pro. Acad. Nat. " mnley.............. Hist. Brit. Moll. Sci., vol. vi. p. 57. " artan............. Classified Cat. of Shells of ".................Desc. of N. Spec. of Union- Chester Co., Penna. idac, &c. Trans. Am. Phil. " cp7hamz........ Cat. of the Moll. of WisconSoc., Mar. 5, vol. x. p. 253. sin. In Trans. Wis. State Pro. Am. Ph. Soc., vol. v. Agric. Soc., vol. ii. p. 367. p. 251." Lea.................. Notice of Mya nodulosa, "................. Observations on the Genus Wood. Castalia sulcata, Unio, &c., vol. v. Krauss, &c. Proc. Acad. ".................Synopsis, Family Naiades. Nat. Sci., vol. vi. p. 368, 3d Edition. 376, 377. Loen............Berttelse om Framstegen " Moquin-Tandon...... Relative l'oviducte chez les Moll. Stockholm. Unios etAnodonta. Jour. " NrchL............. Catalogue of Yoldi's Cabi- de Cench., vol. iv. p. 410. net, p. 43, 1852-1853. ".orelet............Cat. des Moll. de 1'Algerie. " Morelet...............Test. nova Algirensia, &c. Jour. de Conch., p. 280. Jr. de Conch., p. 1, 414. " Petit...............Les enneis des Ancyles, " RHomer..............Die Kreid. von Texas. 4to. &c. J1. de Conch., p. 333. Bulssel................Tetrospect. Shells of Essex " Pfeiffer............. Notice of Lea's Obs., vols. Co., Mass. Jour. Essex iv., v. Zeit. fuir Mal., p. Co. Nat. Hist. Soc., p. 113. 61. THE UNIONIDrE. 173 1853. Puton.............. Notice sur l'Unio ater Nils- 1855. Benson..........Shells of Chusan. Jour. Asison. pp. 4. 8vo. atic Soc. of Bengal. " Rossmassler..........Malak. Reise Siidostlichen " Bourguignat.......... Desc. New Species. Rev. et Spanien. Zeits. ftir.Malak.. Mag., p. 332. p. 92, 97, 161. " Chickering..........List of Shells, vicinity of - " " -.......... Bernercungen fiber die Eu- Portland, Maine. 1855 or ropaischen Najaden. Zeits..1856. fir Malak., p. 10. - " onad.............Desc. Three New Species of " t"..........Moll. extra Europse. Zeit. Unio. Proc. Acad. Nat. far Mal., p. 33. Sci., vol. vii. p. 256. " Schoelder.............Bookof Nature. Translated " De Betta............ Cat. de Moll. Provincie Vefrom the German. Philad. nete. Mal. Blatt., p. 191. " Triele................ Norske Land og Ferskvands " Gould................ New Species Fr. Water and Moll. Christina og Ber- Land Shells. Proc. Boston gen. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. v. p. " Toschel..............Die Familie der Najaden. 228. Arch. fur Nat., v. ii. p. 90.'" Grcteloup Rcaulin... Cat. des Moll. terr. et fluv., 1854. Carpenter............Principles of. Comp. Anat. viv. et foss. de la France. Mollusca. 8vo. 8vo. " Conrad........Desc. N. Spec. and Notes. " " "..Geographie Malacologique. Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. Imp. Acad. Sci. et Art. vii. p. 32. Jour. Acad. Bordeaux, p. 43. Nat. Sci., vol. ii. p. 295. " Hanley.............. Shells of LinnLeus. 8vo. ~L D' Orbigny...........List of Shells of So. America London. in the Brit. Museum. " Kennicott........... Cat. of Animals of Cook Co., " Drouet.............. Anod. de l'Aube. Rev. et Ill. Trans. Ill. State Ag. Mag., p. 268. Soc., vol. i. p. 577. " Gray.............. Revision of Bivalve Shells. " Lacaze.-Duthiers......Hermaphrodisme des AnoAnn. Nat. Hist., p. 416. dontes. Ann. des Sci. Nat. i Hlanley............. Conch. Miscellany. 4to. 4e Ser., t. 4. - Lea.............. Rectification of Conrad's Sy- " M Coy.............. Descr. Palaeoz. Fossils. 4to. nopsis. Proc. Acad. Nat. " i1oquin-Tandon......Hist. Nat. des Moll. terr. et Sci., vol. vii, p. 1, 236, fluv. de la France. 3 vols. and in Pamphlet. 8vo. " Lewis...............On Alas. marginata. Say. " iforelet...............Test. Novis. Insulse Cubante Proc. -Boston Soc. Nat. et Am. Cent. Jour. de Hist., vol. v. p. 121. Conch., 1855-'56. " lorvris.. Cat. of Brit. Fossils, p. 183, " Pfeiffer...........Notice of Drouet's Nayades 229. of France, in Mal. Bhltt., " Pfeiffer............ Notice of Dupuy's Nayades p. 188. of France, in Mal. Blatt. " Pictet...............Traite de Palseont., t. 3, p. p. 225. 526. " Noulet..............Coq. fossiles d'eau douce clu R" o.th.................Spicilegium Moll. OrientaSud Ouest de la France. lium. Mal. Blatt., p. 17. " Rossmassler...........Land und Stisswasser Moll. " Trask................ California Fr. Water Shells. " Schrenck............ Travels in Amur. 1854-'56. Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., " Smith............. Notice of Rossmassler's Ico- vol. i. p. 28. nog. in Malak. Blatt., p. " Troschel.............Die Familie der Najaden. 255. Arch. fur Nat., vol. ii. p. " Trask. New Sp. of California Moll. 452. Proc. Califor. Acad. Nat. 1856. Bourguignat......... Amenites Malac., vols. i. & Sci., vol. i. p. 28. ii. In Rev. de Zool., 1855 " Troschel..D... D ie Familie der Najaden..- and 1856. Arch. fuir Nat., vol. ii. p. " Carpenter, P. P....Moll. of W. Coast of North 145. America, in Report to the " Wailes................Moll. of Mississippi. In Ge- Brit. Association for the ol. Report of Miss., p. 338. Advancement of Science, - -............... Imp. Dictionary. Glasgow. p. 309. 44 174 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1856. Carpenter, W. B.....On the Microscope. 8vo. 1806. NordenskiiZ od f NyProc. Zool. Soc., Lond., lander............Finlanc s Mollusker. Help. 218. singfors. " Conrad.............New Species, and Remarks " Pcrreyss............Frauenfeld in Zool. et Bot. on U. viridis, Raf. Am. Vereins. Vienna. Jour. Sci., vol. xxi. p. 172. " Philips.............Manual of Geology. Lon" Dezey................Naiades of Western New don. York. In 9th Annual Re- " Schmidt........ Sur der Najaden. Wiener. port of the Regents of the Akad. der Wessens. VienUniversity of N. York. na, vol. xix. " Drouet..............Obs. sur deux Anodontes. " Shumard.............Cat. of Naiades of Jefferson Jour. de Conch., p. 123. Co., Ky. In Naturalist's " Frauenfeld, G........Fauna Dalmatiens. Zool. Jour. of Agriculture, &c., Bot. Soc., Vienna. vol. i. No. 3. Girard............... Catalogue of Recent Shells, " Troschel.............Die Familie der Najaden. &c. Proc. National Insti- Arch. ffir Nat., vol. ii. p. tute, Washington, D. C., 90. vol. i. p. 79. " Tufts............... List of Shells collected near " Gould................Desc. of New Spec. Proc. Swampscott, Lynn, &c., Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Mass. Proc. Essex Co. vol. vi. p. 15. Inst., vol. i. p. 28. " Gould U Carpenter..... California Shells. Pro. Zool. " Vanderhoeven........- Handbook of Zool. Transl. Soc., London, p. 202. by Dr. Clark. canley...............Descriptive Catalogue of Re- 1857. Carpcenter, P. P.....Cat. of Mazatlan Shells in cent Bivalves. Brit. Museum, p. 117. " "..............Wood's Index Testaceologi- " Castelnau...........Exp6d. de l'Am6r. du Sud. cus. Revised Edit. Lon- 6 vols. 4to. Paris. don. p. 199 et seq. " Conrad..............Desc. Two New Genera of L;cacaze-Duthiers....... Develop. des Branchies. Shells. Proc. Acad. Nat. Ann. des Sci. Nat., vol. v. Sci., p. 165. p. 5. " Drouet.............. Nayades de la France, Part Lea.............. Plagiodon. New Spec. Tri- II. (Unio.) quetra. New Exotic Uni- " Fisc7ier, P............Byssus dans le Genre Unio, ones. Proc. Acad. Nat. par M. Lea. Jr. de Conch., Sci., vol. viii. p. 79, 92, p. 200. 103, 215, 300. " "........... Observations surlesOrganes " ".................Byssus of Unio. Pro. Acad. visuels de Nayades, par Nat. Sci., vol. viii. p. 213. M. Lea. Jour. de Conch., ".................Extracts from Proc. Acad. p. 203. Nat. Sci. on Unio, &c. " "...........SurlesNayadesdelaFrance. Pamphlet. Par H. Drouet. Part II. " "................. New Uniones from Georgia. Jour. de Conch., p. 195. Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. " Gray............... Guide to Mollusca. London. viii. p. 22. " laldeman........... Icon. Encycl. Transl. from " ".................In Jour. de Conch., Paris, the German by Prof. S. F. vol. i. Translated from Baird. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. " Supe........ Anim. nouve et rare, in CasLeis................On Shells of N. York. Proc. telnau's Exp. in So. Am. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Paris. vol. v. p. 296. " Lea..................Visual Organs of Unio. De" "............... Shells in Herkimer and Ot- scrip. of N. Species. Notes sego Counties. Pro. Bost. and Remarks, &c. Proc. Soc. Nat. Hist., v. vi. p. 1. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 17, 31, " "...............Mollusca in Little Lakes, N. 83 to 86, 101, 102, 104, 169 Y. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., to 172, 203, 205. vol. viii. p. 259. " "................. Deser. Exotic Genera and " Liesille............. Cat. des Moll. environs d'A- Species. Jour. Acad. Nat. lenqon. Sci., vol. iii. p. 289. THE UNIONIDA. 175 1857. Lea..................Extracts from Pro. Acad. 1858. Leca.............. Anatomy, GeographicalDisNat. Sci., New Sp. Unio, tribution, New Species, &c. Pamph. Amer. and Exotic. Notes " ".............. Observations on the Genus and Remarks. Pro. Acad. Unio, &c., vol. vi. pt. 1. Nat. Sci., p. 40, 114, 118, Leidy..............On Parasites in Anodonta. 135, 139, 165, 179, 191. Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. ".......... Embryonic Forms, New Sp. ix. p. 18. of Unionidce, &c. Jour. " Lewis..........Erosion of Uniones. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iv. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 43, 51. vol. vi. p. 149. " "................Observations on the Genus " enle............. Notice of Hist. Nat. des Unio, &c., vol. vi. pt. 2. Moll., par Moquin-Tan- " "................. Extracts from Proc. Acad. don. Mal. Blatt. Nat. Sci. 8vo. Pamphlet. " Petit.............. Desc. du Plagiodon, par M.. " "................. Embryonic Unionide. 4to. Lea. Jour. de Conch., p. Pamphlet. 207. " lloricand............New Naiades from Brazil. " Pfeifr...............Notice of Amer. Mal., par Rev. et Mag. de Zool., p. Bourguignat. Mal. Blitt. 453, 454. Rossmaisser.......... Notice of Etudes sur les " Say.................. Complete Concholog. WritNayades de la France, par ings of Thos. Say. Reprint Drouet. Mal. Blatt., vol. by W. G. Binney. iv. p. 225. " Troschel..............Das Geb. der Schnecken. Scmidt, A...........Beitrage zur Malac. Ber- Berlin. lin. "............Die Familie der Najaden, " Sozerby..........Illustrated Index of British Arch. ftir Nat., vol. ii. p. Shells. 481. " Troschel..............Die Familie der Najaden. " True.................Shells gathered about Salem, Arch. ftir Nat., vol. ii. p. Mass. In Proc. Essex In111. stitute, vol. ii. p. 187, 193. " Weinland.............Erosion of Uniones. Proc. " - -............... Art. Mollusca. Encycl. BriBoston Soc. Nat. Hist., tannica, 8th Edition. vol. vi. p. 57, 258. 1859. Agassiz..............Notes on a Reversed Unio. 1858. Adams, HI. $ A.......Genera ofRecent Moll. Lon- Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. don. 8vo. Hist., vol. vii. p. 166. " ell..................Cat. of Animals, Plants, &c. " Bell................. Notes on Nat. Hist. of the In Geol. Survey of Cana- Gulf of St. Lawrence, and da. Report of Progress for Canada Nat., vol. iv. p. 1858, p. 255. 219. DDune............Einige Neue Species der " Cooper............ eport on Mollusca. Survey Najaden. Mal. Blatt., p. of Minnesota, Nebraska, 225. &c., p. 381. Also in Part D' U'ban......... Catalogue of Animals and II. of vol. xii. Pacific R. Plants. In Geological Sur- R. Survey. vey of Canada. 1858. p. " Drouet......... Moll. terr. et fluv. de la Guy242. ane-Franqaise. Mem. de " Gassies.............Des Progres de la Malac. en la Soc. Acad. de l'Aube. France, p. 13. " Feuchtwaclzer........Popular Treatise on Gems, " Gray.................On a New Genus of Mytili- Pearls, &c. New York. doe, &c. Proc. Zool. Soc., " Gassies...............Cat. Rais. des Moll. de la p. 90. Gironde. 8vo. p. 64, 66. " Higgins.............Cat. of Shell-bearing Moll. " Gerstfeldt............. ler Land- und Stisswasser in vicinity of Columbus, Moll. Sibirien. Medm. des Ohio. Sept. 1858. Sav. etranger, vol. ix. St. " Lea..................Remarks on Unionidde of Petersburg. Nebraska, Red Riv. of the " Goodrich, S. G.........Illustrated Nat. Hist., vol. North, &c. Pro. Acad. ii. p. 487. Nat.'Sci., vol. x. p. 13. " HIessling.......... Die peri muscheln. Leipzig. 176 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1859. odge................rt. Conchology, in Apple- 1860. islo..............Ter. Deposit in E. Ind. ton's New Amer. Encycl. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. xvi. New York. p. 174. Lea.................. Exotic Unionide, Notes,&c. " Jaccson.............. Catalogue of Shells of the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. Alleghanies in "The 109,112, 150, 155, 170,187, Mountain." 12mo., p. 154. 280, 281, 329, 331. " Lapham............. List of Shells of Wisconsin. " "..................New Unionide of U. States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. May, p. 154. iv. p. 191. " Lea.................. Remarks on number of Am.'"...................Branchire of U. Kleinianus, and Eur. Species. On Ab&c. Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci., normal Teeth in Unionvol. ix. p. 177. idae. New Sp. from Bra" ".................Desc. of Exotic Unionidr. zil, Uruguay, Mexico, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. Alabama, &c. New form iv. p. 235. of Palpi. Proc. Acad. Nat. " "................ Observations on the Genus Sci., vol. xii. p. 3, 51, 85, Unio, &c., vol. vii. 89, 90, 92,97, 305,308, 415. " "................. Embryonic Shells in the four " "'.......... New Unionidoe of United Branchiae. Proc. Acad. States and Mexico. Jour. Nat. Sci., p. 329. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iv.' ".................In "'Explorations in Ne- p. 327. braska," vol. ii. p. 724. ".................New Species Heterostrophe'"'.................Desc. of New Unionidwl, &c. Unionide, &c. Extracts Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pam- from Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. pllet. Pamphlet. " Leukart.............. Voy. lies Baleares. Paris. " "................. Observations on the Genus Martens...............Land-undc Siissw. Moll. in Unio, vol. viii. pt. 1. Mozambique. Mal. Blitt., ".................Check List. Smithsonian p. 218. Institution. " ousson............. Coquilles terr. et fluv. dans " Lewis...............Colors of Unionidme. Proc. l'Orient, p. 56. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., " Schlaefii............. Coq. terr. et fluv. dans l'Ori- vol. vii. p. 245; also in ent. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., " Stabile..............Prosp. Moll. terr. et fluv. di vol. xii. p. 88. Lugano, p. 47. " "................ Cat. of Moll. in vicinity of Troschel.............. Die Familie der Najaden. Mohawk, N. Y. Proc. Arch. ftir Nat., vol. ii. p. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. xii. 256. p. 17. " Tufts............... Catalogue of Massachusetts " Martens.............Moll. of Siam. Proc. Zool. State Cabinet. Appendix, Soc., p. 6. p. 86. "..............Die Japa. Binnen im Leider " Whittemore..........Shells of Schuyler's Lake, Mus. Malak. Blitt., p. 54. N. Y. Proc. Boston Soc. " i.rch...............Beitrdge zur Moll. Cent. Nat. History, vol. vii. p. Amer. Mal. Blatt., p. 170. 151. " Troschel..............Die Familie der Najaden. W" oodward............Speke's Journey in Africa. Arch. fur Nat., vol. ii. p. Blackwood's Magazine. 15. Nov. 1861. Agassiz.............On the rate of increase of "..........Fr. Water Shells in Africa. Unio. Proc. Boston Soc. Zool. Proc. Soc., p. 348. Nat. Hist., vol. viii. p. 100. 1860. Bernardi............Desc. d'Especes nouvelles. " Anonymous........ NoticeofLea'sObs. onUnio, Jour. de Conch., 2d Ser., &c., vol. vii. in Al. Jour. vol. iv. p. 331. Sci., vol. xxxv. p. 143. " Cooper, Wm.........Moll. collected in U. S. Coast " Ball.' Fresh Water Shells in Post. Survey. Ter. Dep. in Canada. " Dunker.... Pfeiffer's Novitates Concho- Canada Nat. Geol., vol. logica, liv. 13, 14. vi. p. 42. THE UNIONI DI. 177 18i1. Brown, A. D........ Catalogue of Shells. 1862. Hodge.................Art. Mollusca, New York. " Carpenter...........Lectures in Smithsonian New Amer. Encycl. Annual Rep., 1860, p. 117. " Jeffries............... British Conchology, vol. ii. L Dunke..............In Malako. Blatter., vols. " Lea...................New Unionide, &c. Proc. vii. viii. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 160, " Gbb.................List of Moll. neighborhoocd 168, 176. of Philadelphia. Proc. " "................New Unionidle, Soft Parts Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 310. and Embryonic Forms. " Lec..................New Species Unionidce, Re- Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,vol. cent and Fossil. Proc. v. p. 187. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 21, 56, " ".................Observations on the Genus 59, 124, 148, 391. Unio, &c., vol. ix. ""............... New UnionidTe of U. S. and " "................ Extracts from Proc. Acad. Arctic Am. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. New Unionide, Nat. Sci., vol. v. p. 53. Remarks, &c. Pamphlets " ".................Observations on the Genus (2). Unio, &c., vol. viii. pt. 2. " llorc7............. On Link's Genera of Shells. " Meek Haccyden......Descr. of Fossils in Nebras- Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 226. ka. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., " iorelet...............Diag. Test. Indo-Sinarum, vol. xiii. Rev. et Mag. Zool., p. " iiles................ Geol. Survey of Michigan, 480. p. 240. " Troschel..............Die Familie der Najaden.' _2ousson............Coq. terr. et fluv. en Pales- Arch. ffir Nat., vol. ii. p. tine, p. 64. 224. " Og)rien..............Desc. Nouv. Esp. Anodonta, 1863. Adams & Angas....... New Species Australian Fr. Rev. et Mag., p. 115. Water Shells. Proc. Zool. " Petit................. Sur le nombre des Unionide Soc., p. 415. de I'Amerique. Jour. de " Agassiz.............Method of Study of Natural Conch., p. 149. History, p. 118. " Sandberger...........Conch. des Mainzer Tert., " Baudon............. Nouv. Cat. Moll. Dept. de p. 339.'Oise. Jour. de Conch. Troschel..............Die Familie der Najaden. Binney...............Bibliograph of N. American Arch. ftir Nat., vol. ii. p. Conchology. Smithsonian 159. Miss. Coil.' Tryo...............List of American writers on " Bourguignat..........Malac. du Quatre-Cantons, Recent Conchology. 2d Ser. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1862. Anonymous..........Notice of Lea's Obs. on p. 5. Unio, &c., vol. viii. in Crosse................Remarks on Lea's " MeAm. Jour. Sci., xxxiv. p. moires." Jour. de Conch. 451. p. 310. Aucapitalne......... Moll. dans la Haute Kaby- CUrosse, Debeaux..... Note sur quelques Especes lie. Rev. et Mag. for Chinois. Jour. de Conch., April. p. 253. Bn Benson..............Desc. Indian and Burmese " Dana............... Manual of Geol., p. 446, 464, Uniones. An. and 31ag. 517. Nat. Hist., Sept. " Dubreuil.............Cat. des Moll. de l'Herault. Bourguigncat.......... Mala. du lac de Quatre Can- Rev. et Mag. tons. Rev. et Mag., p. 465. " Editor.............Remarks on the Number of Chen..............Man. de Conch., vol. ii. p. Lea's Unionidae. Jour. de 136. Conch. " Crosse............. Remarks on An. Gougetana. " Gassies.............. Cat. des Moll. terr. et fluv. Jour. de Conch., p. 203. de Lot et Garonne.' Debeaux............Moll. du Nord. de la Chine. " E ~...............Notice of Lea's Observ. on Rev. et Mag., p. 214. Unio, &c., vol. ix. In Am. " Dunker......... Sisswasser Moll. auf Neu- Jour. Sci., vol. xxxvi. p. seeland. Malak. Blatter. 139. Gould................O() tia Conchologia, 1839 to " JeZski...............Sur la faune Mala. de Kieff. 1862. Boston, 8vo. pp.256. Jour. de Conch., p. 129. 45 178 BIBLIOG RAPHY OF 1863. Lea..................New Species, Soft Parts, 1865. Bielz................ Moll. et Conch. Sam., p. and Embryonic Forms of 35. Unionidoe. Proc. Acad. " Bou'uignat..........Moll. Nouv. Rev. et Mag. Nat. Sci., p. 112, 156, 189, de Zool., p. 337. 190. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. " Cailicaud.............Cat. de Rad. Anne. Cirrhip. vol. v. p. 377, 401. et des Moll. 8vo. "................ Observations on the Genus ".urrier............. at. of Moll. of Grand RaUnio, &c., vol. x. pids, Michigan. Am. Jour. B Reee... Land and Fresh Water Moll. Conch., vol. i. p. 292. of Brit. Isles, p. 211. " Giinthe............ Zool. Lit. in Zool. Record, " Tristran............ Moll. from Cent. America. vol. ii. p. 293. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 35. " Gysser...............Verg. Zusam der Moll. Troschel........... Die Familie der Najaden. Deutschlands. Mal. Blatt. Arch. ftir Nat., vol. ii. p. p. 78. 678. " idago.............. Diag. Castalite Nove. Jour. 1864. Adams $ Angas......New Species from Australia. de Conch., p. 316, 429. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 35. " Jeffeys...............British Conchology, vol. v. " Binney...............Bib. N. American Conchol- " Lamprey............. Notes on Geol. of the Great ogy. Foreign Authors. Plains. Jour. of the N. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. China branch of the Royal B oBourguignat..........Mal. d' Aix les Bains, p. 73- Asiatic Soc. Shanghai, p. 78. 16.;, ".........Mala. de l'Algerie, vol. ii. ea..................New Species American and p. 283. Exotic Unionidme. Proc. Doh7rn...............List of Shells from Cent. Af- Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 53, 75, rica. Proc Zool. Soc., p. 76, 88. 116. " Martens..............Bourguignat, Mala. du lac " Editor...............Notice of Lea's Observ. on des Quatre Cantons. Mal. Unio, &c., vol. x. In Am. Blitt., p. S. 41. Jour. Sci., vol. xxxvii. p. " ".............Mexikanis. Binnen-Conch. 436. im Berliner Mus. Mal.' Gabb.................Paleontology. Geol. Surv. Blatt., p. 1. of California, vol. i. p. 182. ".............Mrch Synop. Moll. terr. et Giinther............. Zool. Lit. in Zool. Record, fluv. Danioe. Mal. Blitt. vol. i. p. 201, 244. p. 8, 16. " canltey...............Conch. MIisc. 2d Photogra- " Mo'cl.c............... Ueber Pinna fluviatilis Sanphic Series. 3 vols. der. Mal. Blatt., p. 110. Lea.................New Species American and " Jlorelet.........R... ectif. et Addit. a la Fauna Exotic Unionidle. Proc. Malac. de. 1'Indo-Chine. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 92, 108, Jour. de Conch., p. 19. 113, 145, 276, 285. Jr.," Petit................ Surle genre Monocondylcea. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. vi. Jour. de Conch., p. 15, p. 5, 113. 225. "................. Observations on the Genus " Pfeiffer.............Notice of Pro. Acad. Nat. Unio, &c., vol. xi. Sci. Mal. Blatt., p. 58. rcj...............Synop. Moll. terr. et fluv. ".afinesque........... Complete writings. Edited Danite Naturhis. Also in by Tryon & Binney. Mal. Blatt., p. S. 16. " Tristram..............Report on the Moll. of Palesi Morelet...............Desc. de Coquil. ined. Jour. tine. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. de Conch., p. 155, 286. 530. Troschel.............. Bericht iber Moll. Archiv " Troschel.............. Bericht fib. Moll. Archiv fir fir Naturg., p. 255, 301. Naturg., p. 223. 1865. Adams,............Shells from Formosa. Proc. " Tryo............... Reviews in Amer. Jour. Zool. Soc., p. 196. Conch., vol. i. p. 269, 278, " Anthony.............Desc. New Species, Ameri- 373. can and Foreign. Am. " Westerlund........... Malak. Kalmar lan, &c., Jour. Conch., vol. i. p. Ofversightaf Kongl. Vet. 155, 205. 351. Ac. For., p. 537. THE U NIO ID. 179 1866. Adacms, I........... Various papers on Shells. 1866. Tryon.............. Reviews. In Am. Jour. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 319, Concli., vol. ii. p. 161, 375, 440, 445. 380, 381. " Anthony............Desc. NewAmer Fr. Water 1867. Baird f Acdams...... Notes on Chenu's Shells. Shells. Am. Jour. Conch., Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 489. vol. ii. p. 144. " Brot................Nayades habit. le Bassin du " Blanford............. Contrib. to Indian Malaco- Leman. Geneve. p. 55. logy. Jour. Asiatic Soc., " Conrad.............Obs. on Pleiodon. Aml. Jr. Part ii. p. 134. Conch., vol. iii. p. 4. " Bourguigynat.........Moll. Nouv. Rev. et Mag., " Cooper, D)......... Cat. of Moll. Survey of Calp. 6. ifornia. " B]rusina.............. Fauna Moll. Dalmatiana. "..........Geog. Cat. of the Moll. West Vienna. of the Rocky Mountains. " Conrad............Descr. Fr. Water Shells. " Currier..............Desc. of New Species of Fr. Am. Jour. Conch., vol. ii. Water Shells of Michigan. p. 107, 278. Am. Jour. Conch., vol. iii. " Drouet...............Moll. terr. et fluv. de la Cote p. 112. d'Or. Mem. Acad. Dijon. " Forel.................Beitrige zur Entw. der Na" Giinther..............Zool. Lit. in Zool. Record, jaden. Wiirzburg. vol. iii. p. 166, 211. " Frauenfeld..........Novaria Exp. Exp. Vienna. " Guppy............... Mollusca of Trinidad. An. p. 28. and Mag., vol. xiv. p. 243......... FaunaDalmatiens. Naturw.' Kirtland............On gradual extinction of Abhand. Zool. Bot. VeWestern Uniones. Proc. rein. Wien. Acad. Nat. Sci. Giinther.............Unionide. Zool. Record, p. " Kutschq............Fauna Dalmati., p. 131. 510, 595. Lamprey.............Notes on Geol. of China. " Hincks............... Moll. Animals. Canadian Jour. of N. China Branch J1. Ind. Sci. and Arts. of Roy. Asiatic Soc., " rauss...............Reise der Oster. Fregatte Shanghai. Novara, p. 2, f. 28. " Leca.................New Species Unionide of Lea.................. New Species of Unionidan, the U. S. Jour. Acad. Nat. &c. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Sci., vol. vi. Proc. Acad. vol. vi. Proc. Acad. Nat, Nat. Sci., p. 33, 107, 133. Sci., p. 74, 81. " "................. New Unionidme, &c. Ex- " "................. Index to vols. i. to xi. of Obtracts from Proc. Acad. serv. on the Genus Unio, Nat. Sci. Pamphlet. &c. 4to. pp. 63. " Leidig................In Moll. der Main. Frank- " Martens............. Die Siissw. Moll. Japans. fort. Archiv fiir Naturg. 1868. " labile et Le Jfesle..... O bs. laMalac. Cochin-Chine. p. 125. Jour. de Conch., p. 117. " ".............. Najaden des Indichen ArMartens.............Unio Abysinicus. Malak. chiv. Mal. Blatt., p 10. Blatter, p. 102. " "............. Muscheln des Oberon NilgeL" "............. Uebersicht der Land- und bietes. Mal. Blatt., p. 17. Siisswasser Moll. des Nil- " oitessie..........Mala. de l'Herault. Rev. et Gebietes. Mal. Blatt., p. Mag., p. 443. 1,1 10. " Paladilhe.............Nouv. Mis. Mala. Rev. et " orelet........... Coq. Nouv. de l'Indo-Chine. Mag., p. 38. Rev. et Mag., p. 165. " Reeve.............. Unionidae. Conch. Icon., pt. i "..............Especes de' Indo-Chine. 262,263, 264, 265, 266, 27. Jour. de Conch., p. 62. " Schrenck............Reisen und Forshungen im Reeve...............Unionidm. Conch. Iconog., Amur Lande, and in Arpts. 258, 259. chiv fuir Nat. 1868. p. 120. " Rigacci............... at. della Conch. Rome. p.9. " Troschel.............. Bericht iiber Moll. Archiv' Tate.................Land and Fr. Water Moll. ftir Naturg., p. 82. of Gr. Britain. 12mo. " Tryon................Notes and Reviews. Am. Troschel..............Bericht iib. Moll. Archiv fir Jour. Conch., vol. iii. p. Naturg., p. 272. 84, 85, 92, 201, 246. 180 BIB L IOGR rAP1 Y OF 187................ Notice of Lea's Observ. on 1868..Noulet...M.......... lm. sur Coq. foss. de terr. Unio, &c., vol. xi. In Am. d'eau douce. 2d Ed. NoJour. Sci., vol. xliii. p.411. tice in J1. de Conch., p. 1868. Conrad.............. Desc. New Genus and Spe- 286. cies. Am. Jour. Conch., " Sowerby.............Unionid in Reeve's Conch. vol. iv. p. 249, 280. Icon., pts. 268, 269, 270, Crosse...............On Mr. Lea's Ohs. on Unio, 271, 274, 275, 276, 277. vol. xi., and on pamphlet " Trosc7el............Najades. Archiv ftir Nacont. various papers. J1. turg., p. 111, 153. de Conch., p. 303. " Tryon................ Notes and Reviews. Am....................On Mr. Lea's Rectification Jour. Conch., vol. iv. p. of Mr. Conrad's Synopsis. 38, 47, 50, 87, 150, 161, Jour. de Conch., p. 373. 164, 252, 263, 283. " Currier.............List of Shell-bearing Moll. " Woodward...........Manual of Moll., 2d edition. of Michigan. Appendix by Tate. Lond. " Editor........ N..... Notice of Index to Lea's " Wyman.............Fresh Water Shell Heaps of " Observations," vol. i. to Florida. Am. Naturalist, xi. in Am. Jour. Sci., vol. vol. ii. p. 393. xlv. p. 129. 1869. Aldrich........ In 22d Annual Report of Re" Gentiluono.......... Cat. die Moll. terr et fluv. gents of the University of della Toscana. Bull. Mala. the State of New York, p. Ital. Pisa, v. i. 17. Giinther.......... Remarks on Morelet's work " Conrrad..............Notes on Recent Moll. Am. on African Land and Fr. J1. Conch., vol. v. p. 104. Water Moll. Also Union- " Cooper, Dr..........Fauna of the Up. Missouri. idue, 502. Zool. Record, p. Am. Nat., vol. iii. p. 297. 438. " "........ Fresh Water Moll. of the " Higgins.............Desc. of New Shells. Proc. Missouri River. Am. Nat. Zool. Soc., p. 178. vol. iii. p. 417. " Eincks...............Moll. Animals. Canadian Isaldeeman...........On Nomenclature. Am. NaJourn., vol. ii. p. 392. turalist, vol. iii. p. 159. " Lea..................New Species, American Ex- " HLayden............. Geol. of Tert. Form. of Daotic and Cretaceous Un- kota and Nebraska. Jour. ionidwe. Notes and Re- Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. vii. marks in Proc. Acad. Nat. "..............Notes on Geol. of Wyoming Sci., p. 94, 143, 145, 150, and Colorado Ter. Proc. 160, 161, 162. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. xi. p.................New Uniones of the U. S., 4, 44, 5 &c. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. " ".............Report on Geol. of Colorado vol. vi. p. 249, 303. ad New Mexico. "................ Observations on the Genus " Le.............New Species, Fresh Water Unio, &c., vol. xii. Shells. Proc. Acad. Nat.................Extracts from Proc. Acad. Sci., p. 124. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. New Unionide, Nat. Sci., vol. vi. &c. Pamphlet. " ".................Index to vol. xii. Observa" Lewis...............Remarks on Moll. of the Val- tions, and Supplementary ley of the Mohawk. Am. Index to vols. i. to xii. Jour. Conch., vol. iv. p. " "...............Are Unios sensitive to light? 241. Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xlvii. " lartens..............Ueber Siidbrasilische Land- p. 430. und Siisswas. Moll. Mal. " Lewis...............Cat. of Shells of the Coosa Blitt., p. 193-202. River. Am. Jour. Conch., I" a3rch............... Land and Fr. Water Moll. of vol. v. p. 166. Greenland. Amer. Jour. " Letou~rneux........ Cat. des Moll. de la Vendce. Conch., vol. iv. p. 25. Rev. et Mag., p. 51. " "...............Land and Fr. Water Moll. of " icalzine.............Essai sur la Faune Malac. de Iceland. Am. J1. Conch., Belgique, &c. Brussels. v. iv. p. 45. 8vo. THEE U IO I D. 181 1869. Morelet...............Observ. Critique, &c. J1. 1870. Crosse............... Varieties. Review of Conch. de Conch., p. 405. Icon. of Reeve, and The" Morse................Salt and Fresh Water Clams. saurus of Sowerby, J1. Am. Naturalist, vol. iii. p. de Conch., p. 253. 26. " Dall...............Revision of Class of Moll. of lousson............ Unionidte from Magdalena, Mass. Proc. Bost. Soc. S. Amer. Mal. Blatt., p. Nat. Hist., p. 240. 185. " Gould................Invertebrata of MassachuPerkins............ Moll. of New Haven. Proc. setts. New edition by W. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., G. Binney. vol. xiii. p. 154. " Sharswood.......... Unios sensitive to light. Am. Pfeiffer..............Novit. Conch. Plates, Part J1. Sci., vol. xlix., p. 422. 35. Cassel. i Philippi..............Unionid se from Chili. In Malak. Blitter, vol. xvi. REFERENCES WITHOUT DATES. and Novitates Conch., pl. 103, 105. Brown, T................ Art. Conchology. Encyclop. Sowerby..............Monographs of Hyria and Britannica, 6th Edit., vol. Castalia. Conch. Iconica, vi. pts. 278, 279...................Art. Conchology. Encycl. " Spinelli..............Cat. dei Moll. in Venezia. Edinensis, vol. ii. Stearns...............Rambles in Florida. Am. "..................Art. Conchology. Popular Naturalist, vol. iii. p. Encyclopedia, vol. ii. 402. Chenu..................... IlIustrations ConchylioloTate.................On Land and Fresh Water giques, &c. Paris. 3 vols. Shells of Nicaragua. Am. with plates. Jour. Conch., vol. v. p. Hildreth...................Catalogue of Shells found 151. near Marietta, Ohio. Troschel............ Bericht iiber Moll. Archiv Hubbard.................... Catalogue of Shells of Ohio. fir Naturg., p. 58. Elyria, Ohio. Tryon..............Reviews. In Am. Jour. Lewis............. Suggestions to Collectors. Conch., vol. v. p. 54, 55, Pamphlet. 112, 160,184, 186,190, 222, Miles......................Cat. of Mollusks of Michi225. gan.' White...............Are Unios sensitive to light? Miuhlfeld....................MSS. Catalogue. Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xlvii. Parreyss............ Conchylien, &c. Fide Phip. 280. lippi.. "........... Uniones found in Kjcekken Shaffer................... List of Shells, vicinity of meeddings in Iowa. Am. Cincinnati, Ohio. Nat., vol. iii. p. 54. Solander................. SS. in Brit. Museum. 1870. Carlton.............Shells of California, &c. Spitzi....................... Fide Rossmassler's Ico noProc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. graphie. vol. iv. p. 50, 57. Zeigler.............MSS. 46 APPENDIX. SINCE the printing of these Tables was commenced, about a year since, the following matter came under my notice, and I have deemed it important enough to put it in this form. In the Joutrnal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society for December, 1865, which came too late into my hands for notice in its proper place, I find a very interesting article entitled Notes on the " Geology of the Great Plain," by Dr. Lamprey, Surgeon H. M.'s 61th Reg't. In the careful examination of the district of Shanghai he gives the product of an artesian well, 252 feet deep. Between 45 and 60 from the surface "fragments of shells" were found, and plants and bark of a tree at 180 feet. In an earth pit, "land shells and stems of plants" were also found. " Two feet from the surface there were fossil shells of Paludina," &c. p. 11. Further on, p. 14, he says that "remains of shells belonging to Paludina, Planorbis, Unio, Anodonta, and Cyrena are scattered over the surface of the soil both in Kiang-see and Pe-chi-li, and buried in it at various depths. They are also found "still in a living state." Among the bivalves found he says " I have met with a form (figs. 20 and 21) which appears to be a marine species; it is found in a fossil state in the low swampy ground at the south side of Tien-tsin city," &c. This very remarkable shell is unquestionably Triquetra contorta, Lea: see Obs. on Unio, vol. vi. p. 39, pl. 33, f. 33, specimens of which I obtained and described in 1857 in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Science as coming from the fresh waters of Northern China, some of my specimens coming from Shanghai. Dr. Lamprey figures two other species of Unionide without specific names. "Anodonta, fig. 14," is Dipsas discoideus, Lea. Obs., vol. i. p. 187. "Unio, fig. 15," is Unio Wrightii, Lea. Obs., vol. xii. p. 43. He mentions other specimens, one of which he says is an An odonta of " 10 by 6- inches." This is evidently Di)psas plicatus, Leach. A " Unio 8 inches by 5}" is unknown among Chinese collections, and is probably a more perfect specimen of D. plicatus. A very valuable paper, "Ueber siidbrasilische Land- und Siisswasser Mollusken," by Dr. Ed. von Martens, in Malakoz. Bliitt. 1858, was not in my possession in time to place his name after the species cited which he there notices. There are twenty-nine species of Unionide which had been described by Lamarck, D'Orbigny, Spix, Kiister, I1upe, and myself, many of which he considers to be synonyms. Another valuable memoir came too late to be inserted in the systematic tables: "Beitr'ige zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Najaden," by Dr. F. A. Forel, Morges, Switzerland. This is a most able exposition of the development of the Unionidw, giving the histology of the subject, and executed with a minuteness and perfection heretofore unreached as to embryonic development and anatomical exactness. There are three excellent plates with accurate figures of the progress of Maturation of the Ovarian Egg, Segmentation of the Yolk, Byssus organs, &c. Revision of the Classification of the Mollusca of Mass. By W. H. Dale. Pro. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Mar. 16, 1870. 3Iousson. Species described in Mal. Blatt. 1869, p. 185: Castalia ecarinata. Plagiodon rotundatus. Anodonta Wallisi. 184 APPENDIX. Halzine, in Essai sur la Fauna Mal. de Belgique, 1869, gives the following as new species, which I consider as doubtful: Unio Lambottei. " Ryckholtii. " Robianoi. Gentiluomo, in Bull. Mala. Ital., Pisa, vol. i.: Unio Lawleyianus. Morch, in Am. J1. Conch., vol. v. p. 38, informs us that Unio Groenlandic, s, Schrot., is the same as testudinarius, Speng. (marginalis, Lam.) from Tranquebar. Villa. A letter of March 10, 1870, from Sig. Villa, Milan, asks my decision on a Unio Danelli described by him, from Melbourne, Australia, but I have not had the advantage of seeing the shell, nor of receiving the description which he sent to me. Wiegmann. Mollusca. Arch. fiir Nat., 1835, vol. i. p. 317. Troschel. Neue Siissw. Conch. aus dem Ganges. Arch. fiir Nat., 1837, vol. i. p. 166. Yon Martens. Ueber Siidbrasilische Land- und Siissw. Moll., Mal. Blatt., 1868, came too late to insert the species in the Synonymy of the Synopsis. Ludwig. Unio Miinzenbergensis. Palaeontologia, vol. viii. Sowerby, in Conch. Icon., pts. 278, 279, 280, 281: Hyria exasperata.... = corrugata, Lam. " latialata...... " "' rugosissima... = " 5 recta.......= subviridis, Klein. " alata.......- " = Castalia Schombergiana = Prisodon truncatus, Schum. " ovata......-.. = " Hanleyana.. " Carolinensis*. =;' quadrata....= " dollabella... = Duprei, JRecluz. Anodonta biangulata.. = angulata, Lea. * The habitat given is South Carolina. No species of this genus has been observed in North America.