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Foreword


As heralds of those temples not made with hands,
our early Hawaiian churches are no unworthy followers
of their New England prototypes, products though they
are of an isolated and primitive people. Overlaid in
no spot with the magnificence of the gold and flowered
carvings of Solomon's great temple, they yet vie in no
uncertain terms, "in their spiritual design," with the
glory and aspiration of even their Gothic predecessors,
laid up, as were those inimitable European temples,
stone on stone, by the loving hands of a devoted people.


I




The first edition of Early Hawaiian Churches, of 1000 co)pies, was lprinted
in 1920 ais a compliment to the guests of the Hawaiian Mission Centennial.
So much interest was shown in the subject that all the copies soon disappeare(1 and1 requests wvere made, for a reprint.
In this second1 edition several errors discovered in the first issue are c-orrected, 1111( additions have lbeen made to both text and illustrations. The
body of the text con-sists, of quotations, from A Residence of Twenty Years
in the Sandwich islands, by Hirain Binghamu, A. M., second edition, Hartford,
18-48. Other quotations are noted as they occur.
Fo)r assist'rnce in many ways grateful aceknowledg'ment is due to Mrs.
It. W. Andrewvs, Miss M. 1. Wilcox, Mrs. AV. F. Frear, Mrs. T. Richards, Mliss
C.S. Bomid, Mliss   Al.. Fraser, Miss I,, V'. AVImrinner, Mr. II. Nelson Pool,01"
Rev A. S. Baker, Mr. II. Al. Ballou, Rev. It. IL. Pa-rker, Mr. A. Waterhouse,
Rev. 11. 1'. 1J mold, Mr..J. S. Emerson, The Fricn1e feSa-ultnCnena
E'dit ion, Thme P acifie, Commimereial Advertiser Special Edlitimi, 1906, The Archives..i,
Th'le Public, Library, anmd the Crossroads Studios.
The e(Iitor will be miost grateful for detaliled (correctioa of errors that
iminry appetir in this new edition.
ETHEL M. DAm0N, Editor.
Honolulu, Hawaiif, April, 19 24.




Larly Hiawaiian Churches
and
Their Manner of Building
The First Chutrch Ser-vice on Oahu
The first companmy of miissionaries to the Saundwich Islands anchoredl at
JKailua, Hawaii, April 4, 1820), ini the brig Thaddeus, 1683 datys from Itoston.
The greater panrt of the compniay proceeded to Oala, where they landed at
Honolulu oni Tuesday, April 19th. Itere the little mission band of teui workers,
with the five Chamberlaini childreni, bravely begani house~keeping in thatched
huts, destituite of evenl such ordhiary coiiforts ats ehauirs anid dishes, and with
very little furniture of lunv kind. Far more important in their eyes, however,
was the arrival of the first Stabbath, which they celebrated in their tha tched
home. MNr. Bhiaghamn writes of it thus;
Honolulu. April 24, 1820)
Soon the Sabbath morning suni, having always a lpe(lliar charm,
rose lipo01 us in unusual splendor, and arranigements were made for
the public worship of Jehovah, whose claims we camne to lpresenlt.
With what comfort anl( couirage (lid we seize on the op)portunity
afforded 'us, to bring to the notice of the people the sacredI day of
God, and1 on the first Sabbath that dawinedl on us in our new albodle,
to announce to those, who, 1)0t1 niative andl foreign, assembled at our
call, the general object of our mission, adopting the language of the
heavenly messenger to the shepherds of Judea: "Fear not, for behold
I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people."
Honolulu, April 19, 1821
The first anniversary of our laudinig at Honolulu-the 19th of
April-was observed as a day of thanksgiving and~ prayer, as it has
often been since, bv an exaininatiomi of schools on Oahu, and review
of our progress. Our Sabbath congregation soon increased, p)rejludices
vielded. and a more friendly aspect was assumed by tile chiefs4.




Hoollu  n 1821
II. Tite1r of Bioson.
Th    First Kauaiah!io Chutrh Building
o1(r ttiwtit5ds of ftUirteeii imonihits tiibi( i worship had beeni hld in tbhe
sti(idl room, a setli in of oie of tlh ptridlltiv  miiostdon houses. The first
tiawntiian (hireh, tile tirst ehiureb edif ice In Hawaii, therefore became the
oitie of the ctirr(ih bo0dy organiz(d in the vestry of Park Street Chierh,
<~oston, oil )ctob elr 17tl, 1819 anod trqtiltspiteod by ietlis of tthe Tthdeila.
Within two months from ou first anniversary      r place of worshihp was quite too strait for us aond on the 25th of Junei 1821, a
i.                     t
subscription was opened for a church. to which chiefs anad foreignerg
subscribedl  An anloult snfIicieint for a frail, hatched house of worship fiifly-four feet by twenty-oner was soon obtained, and the work
of building it by native hands hired for the service, was in a few
lonllths acompXlllhed. Plain doors, a pulpit window and a decent
pulpit, sturmoutnted with astral lamtps were added by foreign work4




/ ---       ",    \        ' ^.'  '.* '- 0 ''-'"'' '.
frail  ldng, and gae it    nwhat t     air of a  tie of God.
On the    th of S            r.    rton preached the dedica
tion isernton front the words, And the chiltdren of Israel, the priests
h   dedication of this  ose of I od with jo   The iext      the
pinbtlic services of nh  Siddi t  ahath i crc teriforinel an i highly enjoyed
in the tew sanctuary.
It was neftil fr thi. Missionaries ti go  ot   Sat
dtay, antd apprise the ipeiople arni their leaters who were accessiible,
at te Morow wold be the a rd dy of Jehovah, Iand     vite 
mt attend lis worship.
On tlte Sabbath, Janinary 20th, abotint sixty natives inc ln uding CoX
it r f l afet, If i.nj,
eealLt.lOkn  a XAans Knakini,  an  so:mem fifty foreigners, a  ttnl eided
p n}lic w orshi p, antl Tlislened t  r the storv of rdeate i llg love in twi
language, Ihe lEngIs ishl he infttrcdlde intetiplretet fllv thtini  Io ll h IP,
5




The First Church at Lahaiia
IliIVing  d(l(  to tae lup her rovyal roSndone at liallia 51ali, QuO(i
)I lwirr K(plUlialt iitsl fur i 1 Isuiorll ry to 'opsliulk tI li good of(   rd alnd pra
i.il llb(ro  Messrs. SeoWrat n11 ii  oialrds wNroro iissigno  o ll  ti tl post." Embarkol oX 1 "iCtleolI)raus Ilargo;" o(r blho "Pridei of }lloual ii,"' a goodly oolllpay
Rot tforth.
June 1, 1823
Oini tne Iorrow after lthelr tlebarkation at Lttalil t; tie qlleen,
he votug princess, Kalanimokli   anti other cllietfs ali thleir attern
altis anti olthers, atloUmlting to sFoic hndirelds asSellrbled for worship iin the opeTI air. The brethren withTlauaa a Tahitian teacher,
ait  l led with thlt; digh ittitd wuit l  Iie privtiege  of ericng a paib
i atar t  Ih l lere ol ler islrelstal ces ot etleouraging which they wished
Sabbial.
he~i Critiawa rie ' oull have      witiese, o      ia    retig
A  li   En tIl t issiiol.. s::,'i00 i, i, 20". 
6
v 0.. S- 0, 00 f X ga,-.-.,.. S    l A.,;  H  >.     0  S  '0 0k'  a 0        '    -    f  0......... 29:,. S E.)~Ix,2.g.       tu  -  <  S  g 2 1,; ' lii ~  Br-~, T;.e...i.   s.e  W  M  4 
I 60   t.  '  0  - jl  '  '  t''0 ''S  ' ''; 0 Z %'0




Kalanimokua sooni offered t1im a site for ftilllig. A f:ewy cat
vated patches were given them  to aid, their mainltetnanCe, and freshl
prF visioo; fruits, fowls, pigs, e.,en                    them by
the tlqueen mother.
Two houses, in Hawaiian style, each twextylthree feet
hy fifteen were soon built for theln  by te natives  and wilhin
month of tleir landing there, a lteporary house for pull  worlship
was commenced Iby K aallallrok  K eopiiolani, ana  Keoua the acting
governor of Ma i T1heir dep fndants being Called out to do tlhi work
perforl ed it with apparelt cheerfulness and good will, as a far xrior
happy service thia the hllllng of temples for hleatiteln gods an
among the chatteritng laborers were often heard the short eatmphatic
phrases,   b"Ka hale o ke Akua-k a hale pulle —tmaikai-maiaik  ii"
(the house of God-the house of prayer-good, very goid),  Kalania
roku, (dtring his short stay. coltlinlel his effortS already happily
begun.l lt said to the imissionaries, "I ant growing old. My eyes are
already dima    I mayv soon he blllln   I must learl n i aste or I shatl
never ktow the right way. I greatly desire to be llke Keopluolanl
and Opukahaia. Comer, therefore, to my house daily and teahell ne
for soon my eyes wi1l see no more       
*        liThe new e  ftrc  being erted within t ree  ot 1   hs
fromn the lotation of tle missionaries theret prep rarations were ilnmeof4,      ta    a  aa  ''aa  taash   S
Eliri  ii dri)aiwhiig  by  ]Zev  it n. in ft11is  iii A   Twir r  i hron0igli I [il5tw i.




diately nade for ded a in; g it  It was of moderate diilenrilon, of
ordiniary  structure, and frail materlal; but in its spiritual de:
sign, it was not inferior to the mriost costly and superb churches of
Christendoim.
Most of ti     b ility favoralle t the tiissioit, chiefly- the graidellildren andr great-grallehillren of Kintg Kekaulike, assembtlled with
the peiople, August 24th, to dedicate this hunible tenmle to Jelhovah
The ledication sermtrl was faunded o     the language of the dexoit
an1L iafdmriig patriarch awakeninig from   his dllightful vision of
angels aiseeltng and descenadig between earth and heaven -"This
iS ionie othler than th  house of God, aTi nthis is the gate of Heaven."
We sag l appaina     Ode, "Wake, Isles of the South," and a Jubilee
The,    s  (1 ut h at Kriua,      aa1    t
'1i1tr, st atia Ilt tilitia  tsl  e ll e   lssed temlipo trarily. mOvcig tg  1.he, tdepr irtltre
s:f the lkilrg f)t- Its)olstis 1t it hI(r ssIllsetr of 1820 l. ir. i fii Mrs. TttIslrtstoi, left
alOir(i its tittt ltle (  tik(wlttise retipaired  t H  LliXltl for etorsel al iut ftirther
guidan e.
t)hi thei arrival if the first reirnfreenients to the iliiSSi.Tm il 1823,
IleastTrei were raken for the reuoccupalic  of th  statiosi at Kailua.
Kjlaki tit tlhe govesrnort resslldg there had beetn encoulraged l ) the
mIsstonary  reehing to tha  Neiytve5 unetr Screen 0 Plmtted Co~oanut Leaas at afrua8
S tsiss  5 i A 5 ttr ttitrrtrt   IfiwilI   Ie by  Rsev.si. Int  Elist
8




inlss-'iofla ries to (xpjcte It. atid had comliticnidably exerted himuselt to
prep are the wvay for it. by ke-ep iiig upt a school atlil erec.ctiiug a house
of1 worship.   r.andl Nlrs. lIlimrston., having waitedI' for new helpers
to be associatedl with thenii in resuminig their labors thiere, found
themi espeeiallv, to their ehoice iti Mr. and -Mrs. Bishop, and. pre'eedinig themi a little, embarked from  honmolulu, (October 24th, 1823.
th'ley. with their two ehildreti. Pevrsis and Lucev. were aeeomlpailied lto
the waterside by their fellow mlissiontaries. where,. after the little' Coll-)
pany had joined in a hvimn atuld prayer, they set sail with mlitigledl
cFioriotnbS, to rear anew the stamldardl of the eross at. the importarit,
s~pot whieh they hadl for a time beeii caflled to leave.
in~ at crowdledl vessel of the natives flbev reachledi Lahaina onl the
fourth day. Here they tarriedi abtout at wveek. Mr. Ihiirstoni preachedd
several tunes to full anil attentive congregations.     Ref reshed by
Christian intercourse, and eticouragedl by what aptpeared to be the
Lord's dioings there, they, passed,( oit to Kaihia, where,, on the second
clay. they arrived ini safety aiitl were~ kindly received.
Liholiho. arrivinig by another vessel, on what lprovedl to be his
last visit to that pliuce. lamtled sinmultaneously with the missionary.
As the king appeared on the beach, says'V Mr. Thurston: —
"The assemjbled multitude of subjects com-menced, a wailing. The
king Stepped from   his boat. adlvance(1 a few steps, ali( standling ni
the centre of the circle, lifted up his voice for nearly twenty minutes,
wvailinig with the, nultitudle in the cury of aloha. Well might eniotions
(of tendherniess take possession of his heart. on returning to Witne,'ss
thec scenes of his cihildhood and] youth, and the house sacredi to the
remaII~ins of his veneratedl father. who. with all his power andl greatnes's. Ilal no( better god to worship than the neglected idol, which
still standls, andl is now. hooted at by the passing boy- as a senseless
block."'
After a relpast ordleredi by MNr. Youing, an-d ani interview with the,
kinig. he. says:
"Thhe next day. the governor furnished us. for our lpreseuit accommodlation, with a large houese-. which had been built and occiupiedi
by Kaahumuanu. He, also offered the use,- of one of his sail-boats, and
imeni to assist iii renmoving our effects from the vessel.
"'Thus have I been called to return., an(l again to sit d]own on this
barreni s1ot, where the first seveinimon-ths of myv missionary course,(
were spetnt. where I labored( anid where I wept.      But with all its
C)


0




The Old elkiau at Kailua Hawaii
othe V toagee f tisoe ry hy the ntaitie Itviga tor, tto vo Kiotmeiwn
wre h tl sitti, Ktemehanullm  mt his qujet ns iII 15815  T! i s i it!tleeit: i "iRyal
t  i  r w he tich Ktihiiit IS iiiiis wlking Witti l her da ughter." Ir t was
hil( te{mplets is  this  thit Woie ii ih eti eml   i   1819 t  3   riiter  ef  K hti. titimi
rudieness iand lbarr enness, it is a most interes ting ield for lmissionary
exertion. Within lhirty mi s of this placei there  are mot less othan
0)000 in miabtantst wio live clustered in vill ageh s  I, this village
Li li
ilere are about 3000 ]inhabitants:
"Thius place i tm    rmhe  p  er iei  residee of tie goverlior. m 
aily takes. tea and Ioffee at hi.s own table, is fast risimg in civili ed
hablls; atl speaks  mlh  English language intelligiblyu  He has lately
ir-hased a framed liuse  rought from   Amria   This ti1 e adds
much to the appearanre of lis establishimeir   which I  le has been
eclosing with a wall ten or twelve feet higha aim  lbolt the same
ill thickniess2~
While providing and ramnparting a reilled house for limself the
tmlernor iad beaI n equally promp i t in ereCting ia chur l, ixty fe
by thirty, in adlaniei of tie missionaryi and enlntsing it lith tihe
ru i, of  heathen temlle; Of its comipietion, and ledi iatommi Mr.
Thrston tihust writes to the SeC retalry  f the IBoardo
"As ereted iby a     eath en ruler on hai leth  gromxdi emir led by
th;e rmlis oif fallar1     ii e I r h sio laity were oered ll hia  Vri
10




timis, it wants tieither gold nor carve~d work to induice the benevolent
mind to cofltempllate it withi inte-rest. There may the, mighty God
vouchsafe his presence and re- )enitifg Sinners give joy to angrels.
During one month after reactiing, this place, 1)ublic services, wecre
attended on the Sabbath lbeneath the, shiade of some kou. trees in the,
king's yard. But the house being eomp~leted1 December 10th, the
chiefs and people of Kailua asselulledl for the soleinn services of
(ledication. These-,. were coinimencedl by readlintmg a Ipart of Solomton's
jprayer at the dedication of thte temnple translated into the Hawaiian
language. We then sang the JuIbilee lyimn, 'Pupihi i kapu. oukou.'
'Blow ire the trunllet.' I pre~achied a serniioti omi this occasion fromt
Haggai 1:7, 8: 'Thus saith the Lord of Hosts, Consider 'your ways.
Go up to the, mountains and lbrilig wood anld Ibtildl tile hiouse, anfi
I1 will take pleasure in it. and I will he glorified, saith thie Lord.'
Eight weeks later hie hiad thie happiness to say:
"The, congregationjs whicht usually assenllble are froni six hun(Ired to omie thousand, whio listen with a gool dlegree of seriousness.
During the p)ast two mouths,, ly thte particular request of the governorl, either Thomias or nivself htas condnctedl family worshiip at hishouse. morning andl eveningt. Tlhis p~ractice has also been introduiced
into the families of oilier iniferior chiiefs. During seasons of p)ublic
worship, one woman of considerable distinction, whose hiead is silvered with age, is ever seeni sitintr on the inat, leaningt onl the enid
of tile foreniost, foroin, seemntingly regardless of everythiing 1)lt what
falls froni the mouth of thie s[)eaker. We have had several initerviews with her. Shie called on us one evening after meeting, cxp)ressing, with muchi feeling, her dlesire to know anol worship) God
aright, before going to thie grave. 1101)1 taught her a short ipraver,
winch she andl her traimi rep~eated till fixedl in their mninds, and thien
returned home, repeating it as thiey passed -along.
"Kapiolani, Naihie, andl thieir traini, have several times comne sixteen miles from Kaawaloa to this- place. for the sake, of hearing then
Gospel.  Ever since mnissionaries arrived1, Kapiolani has constantly
beell situated near them, and for niearlv two vears has listened to
the words of eternal life in her own language. lIn conisequence of
her being separated fromn tile otlier chiiefs, Kalaninioku. asked her,
lby letter, if she was not lonely.  [hie puLrp~ort of her reply was,
'Lonely!  No. If I ain separated fromt in     friends, here is G'od;
and with him   I have, commnunion. Becsides, on these shores, theire
are two gates of I-eaven (alludinig to thusi meeting house, and thie
one thley are lbuildlingc at Kaawaloa ). iii consequenice of wh icimbes
inigs will dlescend.,




It is-as now time to occnpy a lew post o1 the largest island of
the group   r 'lie wlild an  open field in tle eastern part of }Ilawai
lnaving bleen rareflllv explored b  tibe mnissionaries, and found to
present peculiar ela:inls. Ite lnssioo took a station thlere in the
carly part of 18212   To accoti( plish tllhi  at some sacrifice, Mr.
1and t s. llggles, freeIl leaviig Kanai wh1er thev had happily
lablored tlhree years, and Mr. and Ml      ( M r  ihs. rich  of the reilforremuenrt, were assoeaiated antld eilplouied to cominrenee ttL:  lenw
slalio n at Waiakea..enXlral for then large iistriets of Hilo and Pri,
r ll'ilh exltelnd aloiig thl seaboard about eighty mlles. They emr
lairked froml lHonollllu about tnle  liddtlel of Jialtar, on board the
a oorier Wl'atrwlteh, a vesse'l of thirty totls, onrled by J. HutreI el, EsIq.1 h  kindly volulnteired to acompatny tl1hem, and:avagaite thre vessel for t lhem. 'Thy e rre actlcompanied by Dr. atul Mrs.
XlatXchite- y for a tulmporary stay. by MSssrs Ellis and Levi Chatmberr
Hilo   ission  lIon es in 1825
From   a lgIII n  in  Lord   yrNIl's V(  I/e of  IL  g. S  1 ad to a e
ffnd:.wli3i4;*e
I~l~-\i~ Z"" Er     =,      /,,,,, X,;;, a,,,,,,;;,,,,   xa L 




Jlain. OR~ a niissionaryN exturool,"  ad Mr. amid NI rs. Ely, botund  ti
K~ona.   TFie little sehoonmer, deep, foll, Haidi overflowing, ae1Co0miJplisllCd the passaine to Hlilo ini teii dayrs. lbeiiliv imimle day-s it -ea.01
their way, thley totuched  mind spent the, Sabbath at Lahajina, vwhre
J.Ellis preachied to a great (4)n1 ourse. andi were encouirag"ed bv
decisive evidence of p rogress,;.
Passingy to the eastward of \lati, and alomw, the northeast paiL of Hawaii. they anchored     i Ihilo b~ay albout sumiset. and
landed before (lark with a few     necessary articles.   They  at onee
lprelpare(1 dhi r lodging ini a large thiatclhed lbiildimig. seventy feet bV
thirty, designedl as a. shielter for canoe~s, tittier, amid oilier artles
amid. by ordler of the ch-ief 5 of  )ahu, alplropriatel 14) their ue.- Itt
was without floor, partitions. 4)r windlows: andi though hie, canoes
were renlovedh, a large pile of boug tinilber still occiupied lite cciiira-Il
jpart of the building, iiear thie rude posts that sIIl)lportedl thle ridgepole. Ushered into this new in issionary niansion, Saturday nighta.
they were allowed to take c-are of theminselves as wvell as they couldI.
With a little salt pork, shipj Ibreadl, and tea from the vessel, kalo and
p~otatoes, and a single fowl p~rocumredl of the natives on shiore, a supper was soon Iprelparedl for Ilhe conipamix of seventeenci. T1he cooking
was 1)erforumed at a little fire kindled on die groumid between the pile
of tiniber on on~e side, amid mnidway b~etweeni the two extremies of the
house. Around this -Mrs. Ruggles andl her native (lomnestics, nioving.,
in the light of the fire and. a taper-a light inisufficient to dispel the"
(larkuess fromr the, immense lbuildhiii-reiuinded the spectator at the
wide, entrance, of the tales of earlier times. On the other side, the
rest of the comipamiv engagedl in lbrimigintg in and( p)uttiing up bedsteads', aiid cloth or mnat partitiomis for their sleel)mig ap~artniients. For their missionary tahble, two long, rough hoards were
brought from the vessel amid lput uip, one end resting on tie central
pile of timber, andI the other oui b)oxes. Around this, when spread
with their frugal fare, the comipany, with sharpene(I appetite, after
the absteiniousness and privattionis a ttendiniti their ovoage, cheerfully
gathered., anrjd with a p~ecuiliar zest, enjoyIed their evening rep~ast,
reserving a portion for breakfast.
The next (lay, the duties of preachiing and p~ublic worship engaged their attention. To favor this, Kaahumnanu had offered lime,
use of atiother buildimig, of simmilar structure. It was well filled by
the people and -nissiomiary comipany, to whioni Mr. Ellis preached.
In the mfidst of the service, a large Ipet hiog, black and fat, asserting




eiqpal or siLperor righlt t occip anry, marehed in. swingiig her head
armed with huge tsks.   lhe native crowd,   t daring to resist her
gave way, foreing lte preac her and his fril ds from their positiotx
T e malranirs of surprise aatl ppreliearcsiot amaoig the aatives rose
t boisteroas sho llata g ad tlhe h ongreg aion re treatlitg thr ou gh the
great doErs at each enld left the hall of audience to the persecuting
lbeast whlose righlts were regarded, bv higl and low, as superior to
those oa f the people, having been labuef, arn  oftei fed from the
rloutta ofa native. Her feeder. mnare bold or skilful than the rest,
approac hd the arnim al, atnd bv repeatedI getrte passes of the fingers
on her bristl back, eomposed her to a sert of mesmeric slee, more
easilv than leviathan ist amed. Ihe. coogregation then rtesame d athelir
plaes; andi t'e ipr eaher was allowed tI fimishl hls discourse. Th1s
hog was a ltahlu pet of Qnlern Kaahluanu. anld bore her name. 
There was tow no truslworthv chief or influential
hlaI mani res'id t at Hilo. The ittercourse, moreover, between Iilo
iand the otier statilxos, to ay ranhi i  of othr par"t of the world,
Wanti a Kas asl ina 1824
A  "ki  Ihs to  Ms  Btisiglalla   asblsiwrasa   ( d Of t sassI id s ('is i ' a ] irl(Ss as; (ll(' iiraig
'si'ry  i Hitt' fitir   nist   os s. Mn  Whi hnsy' S  ji lrs 1  sly  u   ai  "ii'st  aiisa
tasoa   (ci!!  a!! lsft i! s Ia ss!!lss, I. l!Sses, h{ 'x ' it siair cs  ti l exa  t d lstg
iiis i Lss  '/Isia  g'eatlr   part Of  alasl  Nillas   is Is'iisl aihe  fs rtfs'
14




wais difficult and unfrequent. Nor was there. besides the, missionlaries,
a civilized family on that side of the mountains, or anywhere much
short of a hundlred miles; and but one or two on the island; and
tlile rough country between them eould. for the, most part, he
travelled only on foot.
But (lark and forbidding as Hlilo was at that time., schools wvere
comincrtcedl; native teachers, from other (listricts, came to their
help; andl ehiefs, instruceted at other stations, favored thteir efforts.
In1 two months,,, a house, was ere-cted for the families, by order of
Kalanimoku, and a c~hurch, the, ninth erectedl in the- islands, during
our first four vears' labor, was soon finished in the frail Hawaiian
Ftyle, and tile Gospel niade known; and in a fwyears, a new face
of things appeared, andl from these small beginnings the work there
has gone forward like a river.
The First Church at Kealakekuta, Hawaii
At Ke~alake.ku.n. near the Iaiirdmiig of ('aptain CooR, Princess Kapiolani aind
her husbai(1 Naihev had their residenee~~. The word Kealakekua meanis "then
pathway of the gods"
Naihe andl Kapiolani frequently sent a b~oat or canoe, on Saturday., to Kailita, some. fifteen miles,) to bring a missionary to preach
to them on the, Sabbath, and again on Monday to carry Imiii Iback.
So strong was the desire of these chiefs amid their coadljutors to have
the Gospel preachedl to them and their people, that they lbuilt a
convenient house, of worshil), sixty feet by thirty, and contiiluedl
their importunate request, to the. mission, for a preacher. Meantime,) the missionary on his visits preached to attentive congregations', under the sp)readling Ibranchles of a large kou tree, within a
few paces of' tile place where Cook fell; andl occasionally, to rudler
hearers, on the opposite, or Kealakckua side of the hay, iii a grove,
where the, mark of a ball froni Cook's ship wTas still visilble in 1he
trunk of a cocoammut tree.
Their new church, built with care and ne'atness, mu the Hawaiian
st vie, being conipleted, Mr. Thurston, by invitation, p reached the
(ledication sermion, March 29th, 1824. Great propriety of demeanor
wHas manifested b)oth by chief amid 1)eople. A large assenibly listened
attentively to the, Word; and the whole scene, as proof of p)rogress, as
a new offer of salvation to the multitude, andl as a p~romuise of the,
further amid rapid advance, of Chiris-tianity here. wias (exceedingly in

1 5




terestiuig.  Movuig steatfily and 4energetical iy towards twir-i  o~l)it
to secure a preac-her. Naihie and Kapiolani lprocee(ledl to 'rear, iiear
their own (dwelling. a good thatched habitation for the acconitmodthiion of a mnissioniary family, wihomi they p)roposc d to supply Nvitli
fresh provisions, a11( wat4cr for drink, the latter to be lbrought twvo
or three miles bv hand. They extendedl a pressing invitation I)
Mr. lily, who was vet unisettled, to i)eco~nie their miissionalrv.Mr
Whitney being willing al1one to taken- chatrge of Katiai with occasional
help, till Mr. Riuggles, temll)orarily assigned to Hilo, could join liivii
again, or additional he~l)ers could lbe ol)tainied front tile Uniitedl
S'.tates, the meanis were inore, o0i)Volsly at iiaii(l, for occup)yiug Kaaw~aboa. In April, Mr. and Mrs. Ely were welcomed at this interesting
spot.  They 11a( spent soIIe tuite ait Honolulu and Kaihua in the,study of the, language, and they now took iul their abode at Kaawa.loa, in the, house so genierously p~rov'idled for them, by, those interesting chiefs,, and enitere(I ilit( thie wvork with. pleasingi pror-;je1't: 
of an early harvest.
Having now six radiating points of minssiotiary~ influentce and
Glospel light, each, for the most part, about one, hundred miles from
the other, arid extend~ing along about four hundred miles fron t it -
northwestern to the southeastern extremtitv of the group, we were Hi
circiumstances miore favorable thani beforc, for sup)eritltend(itlgit, s',
instruction of the, whole piopuilation who might choose to lbe Itistructed, and for coliveyilig tihe invitation of tile (;'ospel to the na
of tbose who dlesired or could he inducedl to hear.
The Second Kaiviahalo Iitildilyt
In 1824, the church at Honolulu was b)urnt dlown, probably lby a
native incendiary, It had before Ibeell attemilpted b~y a wilite iuian,
who threw a lighted cigar iit(o the tindoer of the thatching in, the
heur of public worship. Inl two or three days, Kalanimtoku gave
Orders to have it rebuilt.  Namnaliana, having collected timber to
build a house for herself, freely offered it, as far as it would gro,
to expedlite the erection of a new '"house of prayer.' Tlhis p~ronlipti-tude of the chiefs, spontaneously mleetinig the emergency, was a
p)leasing indication. of jincreased interest on their lpart.  They thusi
(exhibited to tile p~eohle their decided friendshipoto tile Gospel and
denionstrated to the incendiaries anid othier op~posers. that the dleath


16)




Th Slo  otid Kaitott dltf n, otiltg
w:I Iall1   (;11ch   Avas   billilt  y   K f mfi; kulll S  Ii l,   "id 1 8T 2, whoR   C b Ii-lbll -Illi lel.
a  in,, abeihi~o  is
ofitsc esla   I 55u}l   in it / to h  o sei oss t   I  vai itinr It   adHs  itl{
ti    aftiste  i s  iit  lip gottt  the s ail   it  X  ia it siiii l el  i li  ia tri i} SS i 
i ~}Row,' ivroi icil iiS20 1R2~   Gov {iii', llioki} b  Miyil xII(Ii l* -tii} rl-t lvL AmllewO
l aIt frit IilY  iei or the c} <  ila grail of f rail il atihi l hiltiri lit,sollti  lit lll at a  lausee  a lalt it eairiher ages. ( (td tot bI' c}iteked
ih the irl r ti do1il of it-s ablest fri itds1 aild advoCates. 1 twI  week
a large Ioithif  r f l litive)s liavitig ~ brngh Xr t the prhieiipal tilinters tloi
tle spot, asS'ihletdi to rais it ald that}h itii  Sotel ciant;  iearinlg.
}hdhls of slhttdcr poles to eb laslied horizoialtly across thei posts
atld rafaltt rsIC toI slOpport tIhe thatclhig. Oithers hienog t'i elorltousll
parkk of tmaiotrials f or tlhatcliing conslisting of ntaiiy tiniles of lonitg
garIS. h)otlil t(l togetli r ritl i coolst,,tld lhort / oi} their stoopiitt barks,
te stipport itt I  talii  asinig ite}fore tle shtoitiltirS. nll a shiort tlttine. a
ltIots, se~ cIt yitcf tilt in[y+fiv5  an td  ialiitable of s alttng six 8it 111 -d(reld. e}i1li it tltose days. s w  ilrs l, l itd  large atiltiictl( tiheouglh,rolt  Ilor   t la lt  ()atlt sixatl  of  i Itilat  lter  (itiitr1 hlir s  N oltlld  aildmit  was
KaiitilittltOkit, wholin aa ti(tll w  rri titg ant expeltisive: Iloase for titim
slf. (dLsiros llat Ilti( oliill  of worship sholild  e sootnest r eady to
1ie oeoeon l. tlook of }i s owll iarlpitllerS at1il ri pll iyed d tticl to fit
itt thle hdooiS.  isit:il)ovs, all ~   seats (of  the  plliti   slr ti{tiary, anil}  tidlt
17
3




ployed otheris to itilose it witlh a light palinlg. Nliiters of tihe t  iefle
and plebleians, walking in Indian file, brought grass aIn rusles, atl
spread the floor of earth ir the new temple, which they amt      tleIir
teachers were glad to see quicklfy opeined for publli worship.i
The Third Kdariahao Builditltg, 182
'1yar g25 182lg[ll odh    -inim, of l(p tom   Kath nniiatl lt'sii liala ititvro st
i tit lin issira vorkr  Mr. 1tillsh11ts   stairs:
lteforte. the cl;ose of the year, l}tet congregatlo(s at the different
statis wer       re greatly enlarged  That at Hlolollull  atlontled to
abot 3000t. For their aceconmiodation Kaalinatnn and Kalaniriokun,
availitng thetnl selves f nmr srnggestimns, cnreireluld t   design of erectiag a large ali  lieritaiet isltone chorehlt anml hlegian to mtake preparatitx s for it, bu  the pecluniary etnhlarlrassmetit of the na1tion, the
want of skill aMd eficienc   thend amotig the peopleh. i   the d(ecli(n
O   i e  o   th  E arly Kawaiao   i i i:tut uOd SsNlse S   sl irorasin thi ihli      is discibeit  it 1:IS  "ihe  tiliieul  tcawaustlliii io t C ibmte   Mid ittt   }li-it toi { b   le11111eui.  'Mre  t}'lii/}lilt
"COAit:  tlm t~ alo fo~qcurt  t;iitialmo }I millimg  ota<;i so 1t-a, 61 ti 4let Ts its- i i  cY)
silit l oi n lr 1h   tsite  of  tlhe  p rosent  Pu li tih   rai -itt it, It sh   s llt  nilrt   I  -t Itsli
*s. i.;tive tiniil'ois.  T lgtN I;the pht e of t- " s;omb of the roalt faisly" is
it el    q,  lurllsh,tshe  umse rq'lle,  %i lhii  li tle  ente lsisl-  uil Iot?  thte  ot
I?
-  '. fa  z (-..5ii...z,0, s <0sg g g9 -lrt, $:'<.~rXv: -i.S4:ai-k:~a(  72....: 1J~llilfll  Q$.
0.;  0  iU.i cit.,ltll  g(1 ()~  1' Inll l''i Hf,00 0  0  0.'0  tl~(rl(l.l,S, 00 '.'0. "; Ht`I:" UN.Wt_  l tt1(..................ckf 0'.. T jj" ';:l "0 iVAlSXli;'4 AD;"' lSlllil  ~ -:l l nr '0.I~rllll  IXI(  tll>l  rd '
X   1  1  4l  @   XS                          jSli''Eui'u>tiE957''\)j'0t''t~''S  04




of Kalanimoku's health, prevented their accompllishing tllis   oirk
and a much larger, but frail and temporary house of worship was
substituted pro tenillore. Before this was completed, the large coitgregation worshipped andl heard the Gospel for a time, ill the opell
air, between the house of Kalalimoku aid1 the tomb of the royal
fam ily.
To  Mr. ]:inlgh:tull' s  stry  (,f  Kax\v;i;lt;: o  th1t ' l istori(c:ll M5issionill:ty  Al\11)1111
1.)01.:(1td s:
"The organization of this church, that is, the date when ithe
first Hawaiian lmelmbers werer received intto the mlissiomi church, was
December 5, 1825; andl the Diamontl Jublilee was celebrated D)eclmber 2nd, 1900, and trllouigl the week following."
Itinerant Open-air Churches
In April, 1826, Kaikioewa madel  a tour aroulnd his islandt, Kauai,
accompanied by Mr. \Whitlnev aItl others. The governor set out witl
zeal to instruct the igtlorallt people, andl ill evcry village, alddressed
them on the subject of avoidiltg a course of foll, s,  andtl ruin, alil(
turning to the Lord. Mlr. NV'litntey preachedle  the (;oslel in almiost
every village of that island, at the salme timet, and sullpposed tllat about
four-fifths of the popullatiot liste1edll Imore or less to the word of
salvation in tlhe course of this tour. About six hundred were couinected with the s(lchools, a large part of wihoNl   were readlig tlralslated and publishedl portions of Scripture.
lhe governor sometimes rode Iupon1   a large wlhite mule, and
might easily be imaginedl to resemnble     of the Judges of Israel.
Thec company sometimhes travelled by landl and( sometimes b)y water,
exposed occasionally to (ldager from tlhe roughness of the way, or
their unsafe mode of conveylace. 1Il some places tlhe people seleled
eager to hear and unlderstand tlie doctrines of (Christ, and were
hardly willing to let the preaciher pass on till they had( individuallv
graspled his hatnd, either to testify their regard to hi*m or to receive
his to themselves, after lie liadl, with pleasure, delivered his mitessage.
At one place, the Ipeople seemed atrai(l to look uponl the speaker
while the governor was alddressilig them. But wihenl the  iissionary
applealed to them, saving, "Fear not, for behold we briing you glad
tidings," the two or tliree hmundred adults took courage, amid igniorait
and fearful as they were. like untutored c'hildre, raised their eyes
anid appeared interestcd. Amotng thenm    was a Hawaiiant Albio,


li}




liavinig a Mlite skinl. light eves. and flaxcen hlair and eyebrows, whose
dress, language, alld nlintlaers. (differed not at all from those of the
coninion natives. His fatlher and milother were both lbelieved to be
natives. At another place, he found a man, who had formerly been
employed by the chiefs to seize lumani victilms for sacrifice, a service for wlhich he had qualified himself, so that, like a tiger, he
would leap upon his unguarded prey anld break his bones. This
staunchll  urderer a1nd cat(erer for tlie bloody gods of the last generalion. was now willing to shake hlands wilh a Christian missionary,
and hear thel, columands. waring', and invitations of the Gospel.
Queenl Kaahurnawu. s Tour of Oahu in 1826
The Regenit alrready knewi tlhat sotictlihing higher. safer anld l)etter
tlanl tile will of a mortal ruler was required for the preservation of
peace. c   *  *  She, therefore. not disheartened by opposition,
undertook journeys for the benefit of the people, and availed herself
of such assistance as slie could co'mmandl in imparting instruction,
and( bringing tlhe Divine wAord to l)ear on the heart and conscience of
the people. Sometimes, several native teachers and Christian chiefs
accolim)anied( her; antd sonetimles others in the character of learners,
both friendls and servants. ()ften she had a missionary in company,
not only to encourage lher directly in her labor, but to do the work
of an evangelist and superintend(lent of schools, day by day. The
lalors, on these tours, therefore. were. in an important sense, a repetition, or continuation of the means among the mass, which had
lCben blessed to the few w1o lhad bc(t led( to feel and acknowledge
lthir importance.
In July a1d August. ]826. the queen. having matured her plan
to gain miore than hadl beeIn lost 1by the infraction of the tabu,
acco(iplisledf the tour of (a)aliu. and had opportunity in the course
of a nlonlth, to see arnd adl(ress in peTrsotl a large part of the population of the island, giving her teachlers opportunity to do the same.
*  *   -S
laviing completed a translation of the Gospel according to
Matlchew, I took it witlh me. daily rea(ding portions of it to tlle
people', and coImpleting the reading thus, during the tour. Several
horses, two w-agons. alndl two canIoes, constituted the principal accomnmodatiolns, as vehicles for parts of t he clmpalny. much of the way.
Most of tlhe complany travelled (o foot. solme making the whole cir



i "The Qo  o  it Waltiea Oahu reyomii mii ti  Christianity;
skItetll lmle btiV  ir.r ttm'tb is  or Im. t 101r  N l v sh i  ilk  I's,2
Cuiti (of abo t o 7li indred anid thiry  ilesi aiid ooi  ut -1ii ull
portions of it, as we paassed rimlid fro  I oolullu ito lhe east north
west, aid si1oith the i to th  'atst again  T his routi dlioids the
1           of
t raveller a variety of fi0' sem'imry, gra 1t. piciture l iesue, ihl, oil hn'
tifli  Snial port os of th   ar' cultivated, large tracts li waste,
At Waikiki, the head ili aid teachlers, aiimd a goodly nihl)er of
pejonple, asse'iboled aeoot nomon, wlioii the /l{ geunt, aftir she har d dieni l
addre'ssed onlii esign of te prem''iii tor, the eilitming of tlh
people in the                     rd  f God, in o rdr that they
might Sohioji Intel(gleidir to Crctigsl 0 irt a,  In th is  Xi (1111,1st thl
existing evils of the laod.
Our company   osistig of 200to p00 lersois, possesseid, in fact,
the  iaraeter of a peripaetir or traveliig sciool  Nti)elrs Earriid
their books, aod some,fifty of then carried their sates and iencils.
Those who were able,   deavored to wt rite do tlhe litext of every
seroi they heard   a     to  o  it i t to  eor  and      t
the promi ientthoughts, an exe r.ise m o r i eedful before than after
the puIcation of the Sriptres anog tiei      S      of
forward, releivi g daily instrectioi Las we travelledl 0, plnt their
acquisitions ti use, and at different Xpla ees irrle l rgie a the  ioaitant
lhe iilportalle  of rlilentanlce andii reforml




'The Second Kauduu Church
lit Februarv, 1.826. Gxovernor Adams and the( people of Kona -went
into the forest', ('lt and drew dlown timlber for at large native church,
their first one, having become altogether too strait for thecm. In lthe
sumniner, somre. thousandls were several weeks engagedl in erecting
aind that~ching it. Its dIimnesions were 180 feet by 78, covering all
area of 1.4,011) square feet, aiid capable, of containing 4800 Hearers.
Iii Sep tentber it was ready to be occupied. anl(1 the governor invited
the regent, -and other chiefs to attend its (ledication, with, which, they
compliedj. The missionaries at the same timje assembled thiere for
the( business of ltheir annual conventlion. This new and. magnificent
temple hadl its tall, strong posts insertedl firmlv ini t~he rocks of,Kailua, its large roof, si(1es and( ends, that'ched., andl its eoriiers orilat Inented, anid iiadle an imposing appearance in the dimigy village.
On the 27th September. it was (led icate(l with due formality to
the service of Alinighty God. The dedication sermnon was Preachedl
by -Mr. FElv an(l the hu1ndredlth Psalm anid the jubilee hymn were
sung. Some. 4,500 or 5090 people. including the pupils and teachers
of forty schools. joitied in the solemn selrvices. With. themni it was
a dlav of jubilee andl rejoicing. such as head not before been secn
onl that, island; and the missionaries rejoicedl to see such a contrast
ats appearedl in this meeting to the crowdls assemblledl there, six and(.
at half years, ago, onl the arrival of the -mission.
Oil the Suicceediing day the'l( peopleA( — assemhbled again in the oIpen air,
to hlear thie voice of their rulers. ali(l were successively ad dressedl by
Gn~vernor Adiamns, Naihe. thle orator, lKapiolani. itoap iliwahine, and
Kaahi-nmatin, who publicly declared their dletermiinlationl to follow
thie precepIts of Christianity inl the government of the people.
The floinolulu Congaregation. in 1827
I )'smrited ill a:I iepit, from1 Mi. B1imigtaiiii to I ti( Ameicainfl TIaImd ill Bosi mon
"Again, von see thle same company of chiefs joinedl by Boki, and
his wife, andl the, others of a lower grade, gathering wvit~h three, thousandI of thie people at, the hinalllJe house of prayer, whenl the yet
nov~el, lbut cheerful sound.l of 'the church-going bell,' breaks on the
sitiess of tile Sabbath nmorning.  Youi see a great proportion of
thils large congregatioli. (decently clad in articles of foreign 11annufacture. and others in the best of their own, and sonic even richly




drcoed. Abiot ionhir id of those prescol arc fIrfiihed with their
hoolks of IIy mis chiefly iil Ii  r owni Tiloahiit g, l whih  aniy of thcni
regard as the  llsot valalef arl.i(  thley possceS.S They ji iii te
wors4,hipk. a       aty  iirle sce iv tih fde, fl  oriT   e Ci ak(ftlhleSs
aoll the pIieasig attolilitiI whh pervad  the asiietln. w ll   il atigels
w    1ait to  i 5tcites Ihe  ot   a h  Word of Gold  i te iir l I t  I S.
w i7 i  ii itr St i i }li{  iS  t}i*i  S r  i  lftl Mioino   hih  h 5ii iii  }i } iii 
At that ti Elli  the p)opi) of fMauti gav e  i(w proof of their
regard to the worip of God l) thei r eigi igct t  * at itt t recti tig their
E IIEEZERf ----,,a tiie(w; corlaolltloo ilootlls a1ild dirahbl svtooc (}hourehI, 104(
fcet 1iy 5, writll gilod galleriesi  Ilsle corlcrStioe 'was <laid Septc:mbler
1, 1182811.  rl iiia  iiithi hoc  tlh  eoi CMiioai iiop I      f r
olte labor hot    hi reld expeo'se of ith   oiliing wats oilearlI a'll
Idefrayd by Ilite  ie, aoid pIrili(ipally libv foapihii
MC...;-F(1)U1C' AT   L.1LIMN,..  _ i W1.L
W aitice. the. irst Stona  Church ia the ISlaailds bhilt iii 11828i
Fre e i  a  e  (5ti~i s th   ililS li i lii 1a  t e l er  i fr i r   ifl l y;   a  i ii  iii  thi
23
f0' - 0 00 — 0 -. ' S. 0~65-;,.j' YYYjXv"tY2 ~ s
|:.ew  _  >  D.  0.  0> >F>M. y.,  a  =  i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~x gvty~~~~fff Y~~~i fa z.a~i
w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 tf w x




'The Fourth Kawcaiahao Build'lIng"


In the sunmmer of 18299, a commiiodious house of w-orship for a
congregation of.30)0 or 400)0 Hlawaiians was erected at Hlotolulu, inl
an imp)roved style, under the auspices of Kaahunimanu and Kautikeaouli. It was 196 feet in length. anid 63 in ibreaitil, covering an
area of 12,348 square feet              F oriv-four rudle pillars, in
three ranks, one ra-nk tinder the ridlge pole, aiid one midiway iletweett
that aind the si(e, pos5ts. su1pported the roof. The main framework
of the ends of the building consistedl of 1)osts of unequal lengths,
reaching from four feet below the surface of the ground to thle
rafter. The framne then being covered with small horizontal poles,
about an inch and a half apart, was thatchied with long strait grass,
tops (lownwards. Two very large doors at each cuand as anyai
sinaller ones omi the sides, inadle the ingress and egress easy for tile
largest congregation that a single voice could reacil aiid teach to good
purpse.*   *  *   Boki, who ladi earned tile name of rebel, did
better than hadl been anticipated in favoring the work.
GYreat interest was felt by many in tile erection of this buildhing;
and wheni it was comln)etedl, and 'thle (loors of tihis initnense taberrlacle were set up," the women sjpread tile entire eartil floor of
12),300 feet with clean mats for seats. Care was taken to have a
dedicatory service favorable to tile advancemnent oif the natiomi.
On tile 3rd. of JOlY this house was op~ened for worshiil, aild sonic
four tilousand personsi assembled in it, witil the quceei regent, tile
king, the, princess, and most of tile leading persoiuages of tlhe imation,
and joinedl in the, solenln (ledicatory services. M-Nost of tile c-ongregation sat 111o01 thle mlats very closely together, three to a sqtmare yard.,
or one to three square feet. IHundreds were without about thle
doors andl windows, not able to find room withiim.
The kiimg, in his Windisor unifornl, and ilis sister, ill a dress be-,comling her high rank and improved character amid taste, were Seated,on a sofa covcredl with criilnsoni sa-tin damask, in front of tile j)ul1it.
Kaah-umuanu and other chiefs sat miear. A little furtiler in front of
the Pulpit sat the ni-i 6v& cihoir of muen~ ali( women s Iigels, aided IbV
a bass viol. Tile king had been made acquainted with the part
-which Solomtinl took ill tile dle(icationl of tile tempile, and ttoiaoug


24




i. his early ye rlrs difident a  nd unobtrusivet he stenleed eonsetentliosly
esirous to do what   t    iim  ~ s posed: woMul be nroper for him
to do on l thi  ocasliom   Both ile and his sister had beemn speeialy
instlretedi to take a  art in the songs snited to the occasion.
When tihe great eomtgregationl was ready the king rose, and in a
handsoamle appropriate mlanmner said, iii few words, "Chiefs, teatclers
and eonmnmonsl, hearL we have assemibledl lhere to dedieate to Jelhovaih,
amy God, this llouse of prayer, which I Ilave buit for himl  Here let
Us worship him, listen to the voice of his nirilsters, and obey his
word.n"
The choir then, in whieh time kilng sang a good bass, and the
fa                  i
prineess a good treblet engagei ti tm e solemnm and delightful chant
of the hundredth psailm ia tieir smoot;m liquid dihalect;
The Fourtm Kamaisialiao Building
srrivai itm the islbndy; to give tier ciriaits i Amacrirca Iaui 4(iii, I  the
appi!arice iof (1) Sii Ies, tib MIrs. ltinghani; (2) Aite ltiiitam,'s
gr nalss i   (;r),ii  i  the  lit  Sissii  t'.eiti ry.  Iit   n  ia l  Piil utity,  thii
s(isos hioai/  iS ihe iili} Oaia 81iti mi sicS 1924l oi Ktwitii iilaioi Lanc,
in: ':
Time great mongregationm imn their hest attire, presemtimg a choi
of face- torm    t mar  the speaker; histened wioti atten tion fo the
ing an  worsLipming hi in the sanct arsy
Afterl i  th  sero a(lnd:1 iedicatuory pmrayer   the mriot ess, wiofrl
Kaiamumlmam l regarded as thie futre part ner of the throne, altnd wtiho
hiad bIleen somlewiat actnsomlfietid openlly eto commnsel their mw m peopile
ini a very dignified and imipressive manner ackn.owledged te sm8ipzrem
25




acy of God, the King of heaven, over them all, and their duty to
give him the homage of their hearts, and exhorted the people to
remember and regard what her brother had said. As a young Esther
she was heard with satisfaction.
The choir sang in their own language the first Psalm, impressively
depicting the different character and end of the righteous and the
wicked.
Immediately after, to the astonishment and gratification of nearly
every one of the vast assembly, the king, overcoming his diffidence,
though so young and unaccustomed to such an exercise, stood before
the congregation and said: "E pule kakou; let us pray;" then with
dignity, clearness, and appropriateness of diction, voice and manner,
addressed the throne of grace. He offered unto God thanksgiving
for his merciful kindness, and tendered to him not only this house
of worship, but the kingdom also. He acknowledged his own sinfulness and that of the nation; besought pardon, sanctification, guidance,
and deliverance from evil, and implored blessings on the chiefs and
people, the missionaries, foreign residents, and visitors, and ascribed
to God "the kingdom, power, and glory."
* * * It was highly gratifying to see Kaahumanu, in a
public manner, the next day, take a very kind notice of the dedication
service-the dedication of the house and the dedication of the kingdom, to God, and of the king's recommending obedience to his word.
She confirmed it, and "wished all within the bounds of the kingdom
to give good heed to the king's word, and walk circumspectly, in
peace, and righteousness." In her great modesty, and in her maternal
love, she rejoiced to have the youthful heir to the throne express, in
his own person, the voice of the nation, or of the head of the nation.
Her piety, sincerity, disinterestedness, acquaintance with the Scripture, knowledge of human nature, and general sagacity and experience, gave her a moral power which her young son could not yet
wield; and with the array of inoral and religious teachers whom she
cheered on in their work, she applied throughout the realm the
power of moral suasion to good purpose, as the world could testify.


26




A Congregation it Hilo, 829;Atteads h      ar::lc aratibl) I the Sabbthat IItilo. aifter aai aab'aae oP
fear yceates fr(aI  e tie Islaats,  ex C. IS. SItewvart writes
"Bllyrons Bay, Octlber 4Ih, 1829. 1 can scarcely describe the
cmotions experincited in glancing all eve over the in111nnclse nmtber,
seated so thickly on the( matted floor as to seem literally one mass
of heads. converirg an area of nore than 9000} square feet,  The
sight was mnost sriking, and noon hecane, not only to tnyself, hut to
sotoe of my fellow officers, deeply affetiing.  I ave gazed on many
worsltipping assemblies, and of every variety of character,;  a  *
hot it was left for a worshipping assetblyv at Hilo, the oiast obsolre
courner of the   i islanids, to excite the liveliest emotions ever experienced. and leave the deepest intpressionl s of the exten  anli-id ito
speakable riches of the Gospel which I have ever known. 
It was, in a word, a heathen congregation laying hold on the hopes of
eternity;  a heathen congregation fully sensible of thof
despair of tlheir original state, exulting in the first Ieans of truth
and thie  o uncertain dawnilg of lhe Sun of Righteonustess. The sitple alppearanee aond orderlv deportmnen  of that obscuire congregatiotn, whot I had onCe kiowni and it ino remote period, ctdly as a
set of r deoiagans, id more tr rivet ta e conviction of the Divine
origin of thlie Bible and of  e holy influeoces by which it is acconotpaoied to lh  hearts of men i than all the argaments, apologies, and
defenses of Christiaity I ever read."'
Kadha, Hawaii2 about 1837
Ftrao  a arg by Miss Ltucy Thrtst,  t hiag titat greaat stii a it' iirta
ats   tle  o(*iiii~i  0f   ilhfe   Ni11111
27




Kailua Chnrch, Hawaii
IAl   Atir    Tther TIh'stllnl in 183t7.  t 1t10 tile
Kaithmanu's Tour of        law:i m ii 1830
Early ii Septeinber; Kaatliian  and hier compai  i  ving accom
Epfistw ishI thir contemplated visits n,  l ai ad Lanai exlorting the people to histei to Gods Wordi and quietly to atoend to
th}eir duties as subjects; passed over toHawaii atd landed a tKawailiae.  t    Stpecil invitaion of i  xh ki;  I isited tie  there,
twel   miles   t distalt  Oil the Satlba  iii full si ht of Ite onei
frowoqniig and forbiddinig timple oif iaborn ia ioti  built: b y Kamnh aieha, at the  lace  here we f irt  et f oot o  shore, n  K
28




moku, Kalakua, 1dt Naixahalitl, subsequentlyv admitted to dtle Cirlsanl church hail greetel our m    ission, some 3000) of the people ast
setbiled in the opett air and listened to the uifoldilng of dthe di
trine of God our Savior.
After the Salbath, the chiefs and lheir auttentxiants rcplaired to
Waimea, axid sojoxarixlixg tdcre scveral weeks, adle the missionaries
a thoroigh-going fatxxily vistladioai. The kiig appearcd afcable, kinil
adl teachable, ad ldx behlavior of tlhe otlhers vas equally cormuiend
able. Kapiolanti, whol in her hcathen state, caelledl nx board Ithl
T'lhaddlcxis oni our arrival itt 1820, iouw the Chrlstian lady of tdle inanor
at Kaawaloa, and agreeable friedl aid coadjutor of lie pissionaries,
joitied the other leiefs ini this visit to Waixiea, and by ler vivacity,
intelligence, modestv, diignity and piety, adde d t ich to tlhi interest
of the social and relixious intercourse of tlat season.
Kaliaaha Church,   xoloka
Bttiltt in he forlies hxv Ftlthxr Ilitxhcoxk  '1le sxppoim, btatisses were
a      idded labont 117.t
The Firs t (Chutrch..o  11)l1
lThe Ioloki chIrhi IIpas xs   er th' ocgb of 51'. ltteihchok. amd gxratly
xenerixgds by tIsacili wxlxixxe,
Bcfore xe rlose of 1835, liie natives, 4  lh a verv little aid, erectd,
lth lheir oin lianis, aid at their own expense, a c ommodotu4,29




chuirclh, highly creditable to a peoIple. who iiad been so ignorant and
indolent. It was ninety feet by forty-two. -andl wouldi admit 1200
bearers; the walls being of stone, laid up with miortar -made of earth
mnixed with grass. plasteredl 0 b)oth sides with litne mortar and
white-washed. Its well-conistructel roof was thatehed with. the long.1
strong, sear leaf of tihe pandanus or sc-rew pine,, the corners and ridlge
of the building ornanleilted aild seelirel bv a raised, thick, (lark
border of tihe ki leaf. Light or strawv-eoloredl mats nailed to the
nether si4le of the beamis. concealing the tiniilers of the roof from
the adij~ence, aind similar miats spread on the- groiin( for flooring,
gave the spacious audlienice room the appearance of neatness and
finish silitedl to the cliniate aii]i the taste of the people. A block of
mnasonwork, three feet high, formed time lbase of the puhIpit. On the,
6th of IDeemnber., tile house was filled to its utmost capacity, limi(lredls staiidliig arotuid~ without. anid was joyfujlly dedicated to the
worship of t~he true GYod, when Mr. Ricllards Ipreaclhedl the, dedicatiomi
sermon fromn the spiritedl words of the Psalm-ist, "'Etter iimto tliy
resting-place. thiou and the ark, of thy streijigth."
Th~e Fifth Kauwaiahao B~uilding
lowardls the close of 1835., the, young king, -adlvancimmg to nanhood, sigritifedl to time ureimier. Kinaia l tat three thifglLVS of si)ee-ial
importance he desired to see ats s00o1 as Jpossihle-za ship of war for
his service, at palace for his residence. aimd a newv ehurchi for the
worship of (_"od. Kinani thought it wise to secure the chJurch first', at
least to mature thle plan aiid nmake a beginning. The erection of a
large stonie, or coral rock, church at, Honolulu had for several years
been in) contemplation. while the peoipie of the, islanid, 27,000, conStituted one missionary (listrict, the head ncie and chiefs residing
much at Honolulu. To Kalanimioku and~ Kaahumnianu, arid others,
suchl an objeot had appearedl highly desirable, but niot till. now attainiable. Nor wvas it nlow attainiable without tihe aid of teniperancee andl
(;hirist ian i tv.
In the( early part of 1836. at public nimeeting of a popular forum was
appoinited Onl time sulbject at Honioluilu. The kiimg amid high. chiefs
res~ident thiere, time hmeadl niueni and] a great concourse of the people,,
as~semlbledl to tranisact bunsiniess. (Governmor Kekiiaimaoa, by nomimmation
and liffting the han(ds, a novel measure, was chosen cllairinlan. The.


30




projeetions of a chlrch 144 (feet by 78, witlh balemenl audlience rooto
antl gaIllery vistibule and tower, were prlte   an  explaed;  the
quest:i l of thiir ability and williIgness to eret suh a lureCh disCunssed andi ett.ll ir tlhei alffirrltive  For the people aind the rlllrs
sai,"Let us build." It was understood that bStides thei materials
which they e'oltld furlishii and tlhe labor v}which they eoZld  tlfeto
Ihis otject, some thousad 1a of doellars wonl  Ic h neiieid for pricuring
niat ler als and labor, oards, nails glass sashes, t riim iniitigs lamips,
etc. Th e king, anlt Kiiin, al  tlle governor, eIteredjt int it wl itl
spirit. Hi is majesty ncetrlagedi 1}ie pme)ple to eilgiage in tie enterw
prise theartilt and a gm(iod dl flgree of( ct lhUSniaSm  as wll n Ill festedll   b-yN
all classes priesent.
To raise mo)nev for tIje oliject. a subscription was (openll oi tle
slot  efiore time great assmildi  '[e ipies q iiti was asked { 9 Whoi
alnlolg Voi will Subscribe land giv-e tlholisamls f1or this nelw  lism sof
Godi"   The ki:ig tok th li pit ain. n i n the pr iince oi te  ciefS
TiNE CHmUCiH AT HONiLULU.
t  iiiiii i si  tii::   t  iiii3i ieiiii hil iii   1 tii  oii  iSi  i tiave  i  i iuei   pjsicty
o   O        simse  te  tt  t   ist t  i  t i. -ftr   this  si,, i   as
31
'''- ' G4~ ~~~ ~~~~ii~l~
f  i, -  >..........................:
> — [- ES NIS 0III~l --- #' tgr




Kawaialiao in 1857
Thr firt I  tg1riph  v rrt t   os ui I tt  ttuh. 11he blua Oil thtr  teI  (
trout utd   une uu11 exposure  re ttuh u miutes. 'fat(en by Dr. 1t s1gu tSUttotutirld,
bM  In if ligtyt tlhle  firust (a rrrll r v r usL ed Pt  I  t   ltm-Mi for ( lltt|to r viuter,.
andli  ople suoscrilled as we rpxietetl, the priltcely suii of $3000.
None else e elase to S        ause   i tlhosaind.t The qoetl-ion th}l  followetd, "Wt-hao will give by the lau, four hundred?x "  Kiian subi
scribed l $100. "Whor will give hilr ulreds  r forties?"  Kelaultolii.llata oaid Paki, subscurilatal el  $50, Idtll Kekrllaaaoa $40, andl said
hle anllarL to do mrlach t ore.;lll)    give by tw enti es5  The
wife of thle king, Kralaailaa, Kaitaila, a 11 llilio; Konia an n dt others, sullseriledl $20 rath. "Who will give tenls?" A good numbler slbscribed
teit aiteli; stiaaller Siulls were alked for tant subsrrilbel down to one
dollar, tle I 1t1111be of sulaserilers inereasilg as the su1nals aliiiiaaishdl,
till lthre names of tholse whlo annloulncedl tenselveas to thle strisbes for
a a Illlar eaeh, ma11aanatrl to aboitt 1000, aldl theo  for hi lghr sa lals,
to ltear 50,  rThe Iwhole aniount Subseriabed wiltlin a short period
allalotited to little less thla  ta6 1000,  Anxotlher tllaouaatis1nd wuldl prollahbl lauav'e en sinliscirilbed froai1 an eightlh to half a dollar each, if that
had beenl asked. Of the wlhole subseription, very little failed to be
iai tl ini tli tiit, attl wilhott ally dlnlnitli Lgh t oti it1 ll ost )f tle slu}132




13
Kalwatliao in the Sixties
lFlrollm   a  al (   pai ll  b)yil   (1n111( 11 0  Thgll   boc )ll(>ss.  l ltft t llM   ltl )W~1
tI sdatted itl w(a  i i  g by Mither Arms nt, I ( i T1 m I, ( t f l b't lr s
siribers were poor, antd probabily destiti te of mlolley wlicii tlley put
BIcesits the lli Sl ritir liis inr iol(nley, lle rulers gave a c(siderable pol}rtoifIt o   t stolite tue,,liel aInd  iiher.o for lhe lhidiiig. The
stllne was euit cfrol the re f or afats wa, shel Iiy thel sea lit lig titde.
The  liunte in great qual it i lws producSli  itC frot  thi  er.  tie tinher was rullght partly fronl their on  fre sti, an t   partly fro(l Califoriiia anld thle  llCol ina; the Fgigles fromn tie Northwest )oast;
boar)ds nails, glassa, sas-hes, anlit la1ip;s, frotXil n tlBostoi lld a tiepiCiee
for it, xpesented iyv J. I., Esq., froi C harlestlown
Itl prosecuting tliis work, tle ieed of t ruiks, ctrls, nII teamts,
tcate:i viry obvioiis, aittt wee took  airls to gt t lte   1i-tight intta
se, Ct  relieve tc   peeople fromIll cair lyng l  1eill iieav y iiltllttriall o1i
t telir siit tlliers, otr trraggiitg tl rein half a m il tel ii tle  are grllitd.
w rithout whleels.
Thei Iieople wc   erie et'fitel nlt oNitl hiy ttlie iitr rlodniol ofi wl  el s,
draw i n ian)lld antF XI' cxet ll atnll hIlorstes, liti alis Ii Y  ritigitg ialtto
Ile a varietv ofl uself i totols, ara tihe le a ii alt powrip,S th: e Ilever,
tlle wtheel atid axt., tlhe s'iretw, the e'raie ani  thle ptulley.
jua lgiiag tlait t}i(t slurfatte ota te go'tndtl altllatted, fotr thi lbiiiltdilig
ttil1tgli ii()I:lI (i!t'iitt ti si't aIi ordihlarly tr   dlfviilgs, cou)llii t safelv Itt'




oS to'tt Illiaita;prLro
thteiv   1 tit I lo,a inio it s I'tidU,  y  tS  lI S  ~} i  inst  I  I  O h ilch ih a
Hond t. ului  I'3 1   w tvs -l Atlissiot  iS ta'  liettl fiv i lta h Nall remoIl m brl
i  int l  OlWiN, W S  i  l  iiti  NtO 1 1i t I Iiai  in  the  plun  iallo al  tl'i att',  it'as  t'le
lil astch   lb h! iitd  is1s i  (4i h   eWiVN   0t1yr fi0it lpat hs itStiIItOd f St'. estt'S. an d  Jlta
a  t 'iae  ai la iit  ii  lt  tihe  lo wn i atl i ( t   spta'l ptf its  iil.d  l)ii lbirircilS iiltlttilanlstt
N tso   It tets  ttik  'twre set '  1  llthis,  'lth  grdIt't 11S  t he' it t  ottifta  watetI
ibr'latgttt  iit a ti d w tin  Nu si i * n Vt ile  11Pale i  ' l'te t  pOa Stli tll' llS  dif ill   ti ttt}ltilit
({' 1r tl bloel s< t tii t la   1 iqvr  a il  th fi'i-cl/ck. Ia   is lin  t'tt   ih'  tt  atiig i   a (etsiat
it  i 1 d   Chull  rch It stat } hip  (laot.  lTh   tit Ppan  lroviear tlla  ita  -I a  part has
etI   Sliia   io  }itt   la  ptri it t i n i t t }ii t  i  t will na'w  Siitt; 2 00l itt  thiie sitp lin  Il1wi t  iiitii
tbli'd (11 to IaisinI the preSS.re tr  i 1 }h4 maiSve wailsl and toWer and
ilnteiia i vork  i tlhe ciahurch, and thile iiiiiier(   audience which was:'xpectd1 to crowd it, tha excivIlled tie cartit to tlte depth of six
f'ilt; ent irilv rtntolving gihe sol anttd shaustlt'ntt of vfolh'atic ashes or
indi(tirSt w itic hiad (tIfil)olht'ss,;coItn fronii it}i( Ptich}iiowl crater ill its
ic it, arid  iii ti ' fulatio  irtiy ri It rid   eveo rock o4f
shtinrin'e fiht'nllo ion  f  inSiderahle extentt, which had by sonile
itltnais/ hi b iti'rt' her  Valait'd a littl' tlitotc t}le level of the ocean. Oil
this r'k thiYr4itri'til the walls of th lhiae'iti'tt 44 itiches titick, atd
aitio t 12 efit' it igh.  'ite   tit. iitldLrs, pro rietor:s  an  Ittisiotaria
Is'emil(l Dan(it lai th il eorti+Ste of thle nw  pl. Tl34e stone




Idlolern Kataaltah
weigrltitg Itbout halt  a toti, hatil heet procured lt)y Paki at W  iatalIO,
and tr a npo rted i:    Iis hi direction, to loni   Benath it. wa
placed    awaiian Bibleih jusat  tpleted; a volume eof  1athenia Ii:,
lativre, and another on Anatoi, indtilcatnghe   as of hriSian
and umi ssiontary instirttutiona at the islattda, and a: bras 1pdate aawi thi
the reign, the date, and the object for whieh the eihri waereted,
neatly  bg         Kapeau a native pupil at tle M issio  Setiti ttart
Itr argltd ceotrage for tll( people to tndert1ake a wvrkof that
kind Iwhllich cortl ardly lie acomItli alshd at atll  petiae lens trlhan
20i,0001 anld it proved thei r perase vra t, toI carry it otl for six years,
till ti er were perllitted to ope  it, jily 21, 1842 for the worahi of
o(;  alld tlthe ns of generation. i That wa an  onore  pople 
r clare  tl at holtsl of prta ier a large(?, fiir  attd) rl o otmi n4, o inta,,
atod, to t eir Cy S, o rieli gratd attd litcatttil a llapp  aid hioi lic  I
pople we:re they' after tleir tolil. whi tt tltheyt teivedl front ii he h ltol
of Ka   hanla Ill a     ildeed of it, as a rici po     iio   o
Ptrot estt aiorali i D It1noted anid 1happy pI)pl ' vlto assa h 1Iblli hi
tlitou aandas with tlic kitl chlief, Xanal  is ttiio(arieal   to stt it apart,
antd havittg thte ques aio  put to thet, "'i'o w tot i t,   y o Y   de iicate
tlhia houSae?"  plied  ith joyful acela t-atiota  "'.'o Joehalat ouit
G(o, for ever aold vc'ri1"
35




The First Ktaivumnkapi Building
An  t  it S nit   ii ln iirit   s i- thi   ntt   Iii in h  eiif,
1837. o it in ii  I t  l i  l     ih           p  
mu tra!ins  Ii!i; iiinunini iif   bniip i   inn siy>.nil  Siln   i  Ptill  i( (ll ii)t 1 tis ili  il liller t I  lli i  iiii i S ll m l i mlt  i llt   bvi I0llsi
ItNa yn   calln   i   fll   O ti iit s   i   i nl:  i t it  s   ]i l   Ninv t  i bni ' d  iii  vi by   M ri
Ii'( lit   iti'tKtnni P1makapilns  iis ihn Tne  i(Ii iny11  nnnet  nt[ ntnSte
tiw   o iitill n{i 5 b iii ttl }rinn!linl  (ntinll   n }ili l vinll.  IInn  bulildinst   tte. io ' iadn  i
P  1iti!n I!i i i!i t!'!? 'ic iti in  I li!4rli iii  gi I mmmi (It iiuu'nn  t iio tu iihb
nd    td sii a  in      at            nodi          o  l
snudd tboelb}i.8f   anidi  it e   oflie) (if7 bick   Swrvedt he 1 alimakapili   col-l rg el' ttl'   on
JtT.. 1837 it N ws dee tii lt dvidl  isi   ioirk  i  lulu 
at d tS~ ablshi a ~iiet I iionf Kawlikapilli and fil e Roy. Lo wel
Simth i1in h1 argi of it. I t  ais exc'Xintdii igldidfiiulit to sincure a lld
s. itl ie for  tail, d. for silimmo  ain   ctimire   p/irponyo   tin in  io cd ay s




TIIe Seotund IKalimakapll Buildingl
Bliilt of blii(k, to)(t 1i81. uller.i  I. m.llL
withltl   I1lil-l  a ssistatitx e  ft rool   tloe  killg,  llit lm
instroyed in ttho firt at 10.
Kile  ingll aligll liglh ihief had lotninall po1Sses ii ofai1  all lads. ts  hiiS
particular ueigrlbrhood    helonged to Plaki onate of the principal
chiefs, luMt in line lihe arranged with several llawajial famniflies to
vacate their doellings, giving thelm  other hIoles in exllchiange, and
thus about haltf a  acre of ground was obtained and crlseerated to
the new work. Building materials tIeing very searce, tile walls of tie
ldwellinlg andl shool houses were dif adiulofe bricks, the roof of native
grass.
"iOn the 19thof Dcemlber 1837, l       tissiotuary Work at thei Ile
startionr was opened in t le selhol houme, which was 65  vy 31 feetl A
37




rush covered lanai of equal proportions was added, the doorway being used as the speaker's platform. About 1000 people could be
comfortably accommodated, as all sat upon the rush-strewn floors.
"On the 1st day of April, 1838, Rev. Hiram Bingham assisted
Rev. Lowell Smith in organizing a church at Kaumakapili, at which
time 22 persons were received by letter from Kawaiahao Church,
two from Ewa, one from Kauai, 49 on profession of their faith in
Christ. The accommodations were insufficient from the first for the
throngs that assembled daily to listen to the preaching of the gospel,
and steps were taken to prepare for a larger place of worship. It is
recorded under date of February 8, 1838, 'Some 70 or 80 men have
commenced cultivating patches of ground for the Lord, to purchase a
bell, and build a meeting-house.'
"It was one year and four months from the time the foundations
were laid, ere the first Kaumakapili Church was dedicated to the
Lord. This was done August 29, 1839. The walls of adobe brick
were three feet thick and twelve feet high; the building sixty feet
wide and one hundred and twenty-five feet long. There were eight
large (pannel) doors and sixteen large (glass) windows (rare things
in those days), and a seven-foot veranda surrounded the whole
building. The covering was an immense hip roof, very steep and
thatched with grass. Twenty-five hundred to three thousand persons could get within hearing of the preacher, and the acoustic properties of the great room were perfect.
"For thirty years Mr. Smith preached in this church, and fulfilled
the complex duties of the station and pastorate. Over three thousand
names were enrolled as members during this period. He then resigned in favor of Rev. A. 0. Forbes. Rev. G. W. Pilipo and Rev.
M. Kuaea succeeded him in turn; and during the incumbency of
the latter, with large assistance from King Kalakaua, the old church
was removed, and the foundations laid of the brick structure that was
destroyed by fire, January 20, 1900. This second building was of
two stories, with large handsome windows. It was equipped with
electric lights, a fine organ, folding seats, and chime of bells. Rev.
W. Waiamau was for years the pastor, till his place was filled by
Rev. E. S. Timoteo."


38




A  atv
aia on ha Church, al        a
be I teimen  eta pb   at p     ekek          w   th
pIint f  tldepartu(tr for the IHattiia ttaln, il tt Opkattlt   (Otbookinh), who ispiired thte VOy-igt of the brig TitIatIiins. In 1920 tihe tlawa ians pitat A
meamornial tableit an tIe rainis ao tbis bhrian, (p)aikatini left Na poopano ill l80S,
Thbirrtytwo ytars later Ibe faltwhig Ieven lanok p1ae thee r
The people at Kealakekoa. under the care of Messrs. Forbes and
Ives, ereetedfor thelselve a conoodious and substantial ehreh.
120 feet by 57. The stoners  ere carried on the slholders of mei
forty to fifty rods  Thl e coral for making the lime, trey procured
by diving in two or thire fathom   water, and idetacling blocks or
fragments. If these were too heavy for the diver to bringllip to his
cainoe, heavedl up the mass fr on th e botltos, ail wheitn taie cntre
39




viii! ) rilteae(Xs; tN   *r h. ii X Fn St,I l Tul-rs., 18B0.y
KI;i    Fro m3i'iii  1i 1 (i i  | I I t  1he!iiit l  i  f  I  1 Un i i ~it   S  it 1  i E q 1~I Xillor
process they procured aiout thirty cibic fatho ams. or 7,7 76 cuic feet.
To }urni t his  ass the church1 ll  iber 1 s lil   broughlt frotl the ollltlaiua
side, upon their shoulders, forty cors of wood. The lime beeln
urued 1thee wonict took it irn alabashutl, or larggourd hells, and
oSe it on their shoulders to the place of  l,     s     a
w ater for taking the lmortar. Thus about 7(0011 rreis eaclh, of liia
sad, an d water,  akin  abo   2, 000 b  l, qual to 350 wagon
toadst  were carried by women a quarter of a mile, to assis the t ielu
inii biltding the teuple of the Lord, which, they desireti to se erectedi
for thesellves eand their childrte n; a heavy service, whih thley, their
husbands, fathers, solts, had not the means of hiring, nor teaii ms to
alplish. The ltter had oer work far mre aborious to peri
forii fco the house. The sills, posts, betas, rafters, etc., wiic h they
cut in the mountain, six to tent, miles distatt, they dres di lt ly
hiatdl  The posts atid beama s required the strenglt otf forty i  sixty
in elach. Such a    iomnpan), start igl at rekof lidav, iwith roteis in
40




band. a 31(1 walkiog two or thiree hotirs throuigh the, fern and iniderbrush loa(Ied w ifli the (01(1 dew.- made fast to their timlber. andi
add~ressing themselves to their sober toil for the, rest of the dav.
(lagd~ it over bed-(s of lava. roekc rvns  n1rilih    ee   n   h
iplace of bu ildi jog about sa 115(. To pa  the earpenters. aunl wNork —
Men who laid thie wis the churcht mniel)ers subse-ribed aecording to
their abilitv, front one to ten (dollars each. and paid in] sueli thing's
as the workmen would take-. prodnee or nioniev. '' -Thus- with a little
foreigin aidl, ainiomint ing to tWo or three hunmdredl dollars, )esidles the
labor and( care of the mis sIionary, the people eree1a eomufort able
house, of worship. valued at about $6.000.
The Sp~irit of C'ooperation,
Mr  n-iahaI ionf(11 imes:
Effort s very similar have been mmade by the Ipeople, of Kohiala,
Ewa, llonoluhi 2d, Kaluaaha. and~ Lahaina, and somec oilier Iplaces, 1)11
1 will here detail 1)1t one mnore~ which illustrates the, spirit of those who
welcoite, tile Gospel, a particuilar trait of Hawaiian character, an(I the
action of muissionary examplpe upon it. The Hlawaiians are not omiiv
inclined to live in hamlets aild villages, lbut to labor it eompailaiieS.
even where, the work couldl ibe accomplished by single hands. And]
iii such eases they must, have and obey. a lea(Ier, cllosen, hereditary.
or self-appointed, who plains for them   andl cheers ilhemi on.  lime
people of the (listrict -undler the, care of Mr. Coani, in building a
large new church at Waiakea, Hilo. (levoted voluntarily much toil,
and exhibited ingenuity, energy, andl good will, dragging down for
tile purpose heavy timber, six miles fromn the forest. Mr. Coan sa-ys:
"Iii ordler to stimulate andl encourage the people in this great
work (for it is truly a great and heavy, work for them), I have
often gone with thent to the, forest. laid 1101( of the rope, and~
dragge(1 timiber with themi from morning to night. On such occasions. we usually, on our arrival at the, timber to be drawn, unitein prayer. and then fastening to the stick proceedl to our work.
Dragging timiber in this way is exceedlinglv wearisome, especially if
thiere be not, as is often the case. a full conmplemuent of hands. But
what is wanting in numbers is often sulpplied in the tact and management of the miatives, sonic of whomn are expert in rallying, stimulating. an(l checering their comnradles by sallies of wi6t, irony-, and if the


41




expression is allowahble of good-natuTred sareasrr  The mainer of
drawing is uite orderly and systematice  They ehoose one of their
number for a le der This done ths e lear proeed to use hs vocal
powers, by commalndig all others to put theirs at rest. He then
arranlges the Inien on eacl side of the rope like artillerists at the
drag-rope. Everyna is ci omlanited to grasp the rope firuly with
both hiiandS straihtlten it, and squat down inllined a little forward.
Tlhe I ader then 1lsses fron rearr to front, and fro  front to rear
evicwilng th elile to seetat every   at graps the rop     All iS
nowt stilll as Ite grave for a morXenlt, when the commanander, or 1arsh al
of thle ia-  roars out inl a stentorian volc, t Kao, draw  I Every
sili t   Fatter t3es-  abmit  to5t.l
one thn        bendig forward   every    sh is tense and awa
half a mile a llstop t rest and then proceed agaia. If the comI a
42.  j  X z.., Fj   s\         E S 




flag after an hour or two choosinl to walk erect, holdig the rope
loosely, thenr the lrilihant marshal has a thousand tsart things to
say to arouse their zeal and provoke their muscular energles ' I will
give one stetentious iphrase, 'Bow the head-blihster tie handsl —
sweal.' If the marshal fi(ds his voice exhalsted, he reigns e volltaril or shrougl the tmodet hint of a friendla;l  and  ther is chost:
The sare people who were thus laboring to honor the Lord by
uillding a   sof worship, were realy to attend on his ordinances,
whetaher they had a house sufllhellIv large to accommodate theli or;ere obliged to sit in the o   air. Their pastor says:
Ko.a-waena Church,I lawaii
Buit in 159 by Father Paris
(Onee in       three anlt hs the twhole church its t t lie slation to
eat the Lords's Supper. Our last eoulnllinoia was ial the last Sabbath
in April Perhaps there were five thousand presettiL  For want of a
convenient ouse for te ocasio   we i t in a   rove Of cocoa it
trees ot he seasore. The assembly was i      se. atl te s
overwhethnig. Befo   its was the wide hPacific, heavinig its ro a
43




lreast to the breath of heaven. Behlind us were the everlasting
mountains rearing their sumniits ablove the clouds, and forming an
eternal rampart against the western sky. Beneath us was a little
spot of earth once ignitedl by volcanic fires, rocked by earthquakes,
and more than onCC submerged with a flood. Above us was the
vaulted sky, that glorious mirror, that molten looking glass spread
out and( made strong by the hand of Omnipotence. Around us was
a landscape of inimitable beauty, clothed with verdure, teemingi
with life, and smiling in loveliness. The softer and sweeter features
in nature blen(ded with the grand, the bold, the sul)linle. colbinled
to render tile scene encllanting.
The Meeting House at Waioli
No story of Hawaii's early churches couldl be complete without
some further account of two of the more remote ones, at Waioli and
Kohala. which are mentioned by Mr. Bingham only in passing.
One of the oldest of the Hawaiian churches with its separate
belfry, both now lovingly and carefully restored, still serves its community, at Waioli, Kauai.  Built by Father Alexander and his
parishioners, its construction occupied the entire community for
more than five years. In 1837 Mr. Alexander wrote: "The people in
our vicinity are now planting cotton, with the governor's approbation, for the purpose of raising funds to build a permanent schoolhouse and church and get a bell. "*  '* They can do1 very little,
as they have no money and no means of getting it.:' *  At our
monthly concert for prayer a contribution is made. * ': * Some
bring a kapa, others a fish, or canoe paddle, another a handle for
the spade used in cultivating taro, and very rarely a piece of money
is brought." In 1839, the story goes on: "The Waioli congregation
have been gathering materials for a framed meeting house. Most
of the timbers have been collected, and seven acres of sugar cane have
been planted, which will be ready for manufacture this fall, and from
which we hope to obtain funds towards erecting the building." Of
the huge thatched meeting house which had served for the six preceding years, the pastor wrote in 1841: "Our present tabernacle
was overthrown bv the winds last winter and is now unsafe when
the wind is strong.


44




In the wet region of Waioi, on the northern shore of Kaua i the
cotton crop doubtless availed bt little. Brut in regard to that early
Sugar crop, the memoir of Mr. Alexander States: "There were two
white amen on the island wht  were goo1 carpenterS     OIe of these
made a mill to       bgrind by horse-power, and the plstor furtllsed thea
his horse. They boiled the cane julee iii ront pots, obtaited from
a whale ship, and dried the sugar inl mtat bags lhug upl to dran
Part of the mloney realized, $413.10,  as applie( to luildiaing a ste0iol
h1ouse anaIl tile rest to payiing the carlpenters for  uildihglitg the llChurch
Waioli Church, Hanaleii Kauai
A fraenas tsitiiitisg sr(ssus i8t, 8t lasy FiAthsr Mexsad
The luimber was larotght froa the mountaints, The neti would go  p
iad cut iti aI wh, n it was ready to be brought downt the womae
woul go and help dra   it     a aa a exiting time in Waii whe
the whole population, with long ropes, with shouts andd chanting.
dragged the heavy titmbeirs into plaii for the church, and also earlier
foir Mr. Alexander's dwelling haouase. Coaral stone was obtained byl
divers from the sea, antd madele into ie for the lliasoilry."  To thi
tie pastors station rePort adds.: "1 am happy to stale that we ha  a




prospect of soon assembling to worship God in a more comfortable
house. Our frame meetinghouse is erected and covered. The frame
is substantial and well put together. One hundred and three dollars
derived from the sale of sugar was paid for the erection of the
school house, leaving the balance for the meetinghouse. In addition
to this, Mr. Whitney contributed $50, and his congregation kukui
nuts valued at $90, Mr. Gulick $36, Mr. Titcomb $20, besides other
smaller sums. The walls are to be lathed and plastered inside and
out, and we hope in a short time to have it completed. Much of
my time has been occupied in superintending the work, and seeing
that the various materials were ready when needed."  And finally,
sharing her husband's joy, Mrs. Alexander wrote to her mother on
November 10, 1841: "Our meetinghouse is nearly completed. It will
be dedicated in a fortnight, and there seems to be more interest
than usual in the subject of religion. We feel much rejoiced at
having a comfortable house to worship in. It is a frame house covered with grass. It is neatly plastered inside, and on the walls outside, as we could not afford to clapboard it. As we have no pews,
most of the people sit on settees of their own making, and some on
the floor. The preacher has a stand with a table before him. We
are obliged to adopt this plan as lumber is very expensive out here.
When the house is finished, the people will try and raise money to
buv a bell."
The Church at Kohala, Hawaii
With tie departure of Mlr. Bingham for the United States in
1840, his story of tlhe Sandwich Islands comes to an end. But the era
of cathedral building was just reaching its height. Not the least
amnong these temples of stone was, and still is, the great structure at
Kohala, an isolated corrier on the island of Hawaii. Its predecessor
was a wooden frame thatched with native ki-leaf which on the
inside was exquisitely woven in the intricate patterns to be seen
only in the houses of high chiefs and such as, even in 1843, only
a very few Hawaiians still possessed the skill to achieve. Father
Bonld, the prime mover in all the Kohala work, gives unstinted
praise to the Hawaiians, men and women, who bent every energy
toward its completion. Of Deacon Paku, the leader in all good
works, hle w-rote. "He.was o(ne of the noblest souls that ever trod this


46




till Churc i Hilo, built in 1859
ihe ag   of impl)rl d lll betr s(i( teiS tlhe  Xpritiit ve
piriods  oif  i xltiv(   Utiaelti, ittlbler,  illd  S9t)ll(.
earthly fotstool. HIte ailtailled this eharacter to 1th  el.' t Of
the work itself Fat er Bond wrote
"Never iefore di I know laior o extrelnel        1 exhalisting; tlis is
ar ticul ariv true of tit expelided n dr wing tim ber from the lleimo
tains  Sonie of this timber  as very larger and as heavy ald solid
as dh  toughest wite oak  TII crawilg of single, sticks cost us
'rom one to for lays o tle severt labor, One stick of fitty or
iore fee t in len gthi arn fifteen or ixteeli inches siltqare, occupt ie
four dys i drawin  g  although frdl eigti    n to otie lntlrd  mel
re enmptloyed  I our ropes of tiire -fourths of an incl in diameter
were srap)e   at a single pull.
47




"'The natives can bring the timber from the mountains six or
eight miles distant. And this has been nearly all drawn, ready hewn,
at an amount of strength and toil of which you can hardly conceive.
The wood is the ohia, very hard and tough. Axes are scarce among
us; and when possessed, we have no facilities for keeping them sharp,
except as the owner is able to round off the edge a little on any
common rock which he may chance to find. I have accordingly
known the people to fell large trees, and get out timber as hard as
oak, a foot square and forty feet long, all with two or three axes
whose edges were no sharper than the back of a razor. *  *  *
When the pieces of timlber are ready, from eighty to one hundred
and fifty persons, of both sexes, lay hold of a long rope made fast
to one end of the timber, and after a hard day's work, dragging the
heavy load up and down the precipitous banks of our frequent
ravines, through woods and brush, they deposit a single stick on
the ground set apart for the building. Oxen could do nothing, if we
had them, because of the thousands of ravines of all depths, from
thirty feet to twelve hundred feet, which continually intersect one
another, thereby utterly forbidding a road for cattle to extend
aily considerablle distance."
The Memiloir of Father Bond gives further detail of this great
thatched building:
"Tlie design was to floor and ceil the building, lining the sides
also, with koa boards. Pine at that time was brought from Boston
and -was very costly, 121/ cents a foot. Koa was sawed by hand in
the Waimea mountains and cost delivered at Kawaihae, 4 cents or
41/^ cents a foot. From Kawaihae it was brought by schooner to
Mahukona and tlhence, ten miles, oin mients backs. No carpenters
were to be hlad. Mr. Bond taught his good Deacon Paku how to
use plalii aind saw, and he, the best of thirty-two teachers, generously left his school and gave himself unstintedly to the work.
l)eacon Paku did all this without any expectation of pay. No money
was ever seen in Kohala at that time, and all Mr. Bond had went
to buy the necessary tinbler, glass, nails, etc., for the building.
)ccasionally, however, a friend would send a gift of brown cotton,
the then circulating medium, and this he was accustomed to divide
with Paku. At the end of two years, they had about four-fifths of
the floor laid and nIearly onle-half the house ceiled on the sides
11and overhead."


48




Ka La Iliki Ola The Day of Salvation
ITh   K:: t itli C li:   ias  it app:  ir: it   ig,   ttit   y  FIiit1i:iin d  iii 1S. 3 5i
Then, in 1849, a terrible Kona storm conipleteiv overthrew this
beautiful and laborious s truetire  The congregatisn  inder its inspired leader resolved to erect a t        one meetinghouseoi the same
site eight miles from the forests and two miles fron the. sea  The
story of its building, overing a it does six years of prodigious labor
of infinite patience and undatned perseverance is ev  more thrill
alhough far less w ellknown than the stry of Ka waiahao as
recorded bv Mr. Bingliam   It was a heroi resolv        to it this
sturdy congregatioin added the equally heroic eondition; We will
not beg aid of any kind from anyone."  The work wasa   o arduous
that oily two days in each week eouhl be givei to it. To the
drawing of the olia timber so hard that "a  ail could not be driven
into i," wa now added he iniense labor of proviing materials
for the masons. To quote frotia the Memoir of Father Bo d: "Each
land had its own luna. The stonies were gathered fromt neighboriig
ravlies and blrought o  ten's shoullders to theII site. M i in canoes,
49
lf  f1 lxl rl  ll~~lt  1  tIS  l. ti } }(  1 ( (  lilI
-  r   *                  ti         5     5 &~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1




with ropes and sticks for loosening tap the bunches of coral, would
go out into three or four fathoms of water. Some would dive, loosen
the coral and attach the rope thereto, while others in the canoe
would draw up the rock. After being piled on the shore it was carried on the shoulders of the people to the church site. Then the
wood for burning it was brought in the same way from eight to
ten miles mauka. A fathom pile of coral required the same measure
of wood for burning. Then came the sand, hundreds of barrels. It
was brought by women and children from all along the coast, from
Kawaihae around to Pololu, in bits of kapa, small calabashes, small
lauhala bags, pints, quarts and gallons, front any and all places where
it could be scraped up on the shore."
At last, in 1855, after six long years, the beloved church was coimpleted. It was called Ka La Hiki Ola, the Day of Salvation. "At
that time there was no other house of worship on the islands, except
Kawaiahao, that would compare with it. The pulpit was a handsoime
koa structure. There was a pew each for Mr. Bond's family, Deacons
Paku, Naihe and Kawaihalau, also all of koa. The whole house was
filled with slips (seats) and provided with all tie conveniences of
those days for divine worship."
And today this great stone meeting-house still stands, serving yet
another generation, an enduring monument to its heroic pastor anli
congregation.
Such monuments as these, outliving their builders, link the days
that are with the days that were. By the living they are cherished
as spanning also the dini shadows into the unmapped country of
days that are to be. For it may well come to pass that over, these
stately bridges there will yet run messages, equally noble, front generation to generation.


50




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