YEAR-BooK NATIONAL REGISTER 1869. A GENERAL VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES, INCLUDING EVERY DEPARTMENT OP TiEE NATIONAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS: TOGETHER WITH A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF FOREIGN STATES. EMBRACING EDUCATIONAL, RELIGIOUS AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS; FACTS RELATING TO PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETIES; MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS; IMPORTANT EVENTS; OBITUARIES; ETC. EDITED BY DAVID N. CAMP. VOL. I. H ARTFORD: PUBLISHED BY 0. D. CASE & COMPANY. 1869. THE AMs::oxs AND FOR .m eJ ~, $~iroaomkal,t ~i5{Xorir, ~olilkl,t ~fiaaurzaI, ~ommrfial,J ~grkaiaural, (~rataionaa, anb ~ditgioa~. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, BY O. D. CASE & COMPANY, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the District of Connecticut. MlnlufaetureA by CASE, LOCKWOOD & BRAINARD, H AITZP ORD G, coos COHN. i - b 'Ns lkl..t,,.typ.d by LOCKWOOD & MANDEVILLE, PREFACE. Tms work, the initial volume of a proposed annual publication, has been prepared to meet an increasing demand for information respecting the affairs of the General and State Governments, public institutions, finances, resources, and trade of this country; the political, financial, and social condition of other countries; and various other subjects relating to social and political economy. Unwearied pains has been taken to collect full and authentic information. By means of official documents, an examination of official reco':4s, the aid of national and state officers, and an extensive private correspondence with persons in every state and territory in this country, and with officers of government, and others, in foreign countries, a large amount of matter has been collected, digested, and arranged in a form convenient for reference and study. PART I. or the Astronomical Department, has full calendar pages, embracin the sun's rising and setting, moon's phases, length and increase of days, and beginning and end of twilight for eight different parallels; the different eras corresponding with 1869; the Jewish and Mahommedan calendars, and other important celestial phenomena. There is a full tide-table, and a table of latitude and longitude and difference of time, for the most important places in the world. PART ILI. contains a full list of the principal officers of the General Government, and of the different sessions of Congress from the first Congress to the present time; the Governors of the several States and Territories from their organization; the Members of the fortieth Congress, committees and officers, and of the forty-first as far as elected; an account of the different departments of government, with the principal officers in each department; a full list of Ministers and Consuls to Foreign Countries, and of Foreign Ministers and Consuls in the United States; Collectors of Customs, Assessors and Collectors of Internal Revenue, an account of the Coast Survey, LightHouse Board and Districts, with officers of each; the Army and.Navy, and Army and Navy Lists, U. S. Military and Naval Academies, Military Divisions, Districts and Departments; Freedmen's Bureau; Postal service, Postal regulations, and rates of Domestic and Foreign postage; Judiciary; an account of the Pension Office, Public Lands, and Patent Office; the Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Education, lists of Colleges and Collegiate Institutions, and Professional Schools; Library of Congress; Smithsonian Institution; U. S. Mint and officers; proceedings of Congress, , aN -4-.\ ) —,! t) 4 --.,) " 0 t'l THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. laws passed at the 2d session of the 40th Congress, Impeachment trial, Reconstruction, National Platforms, and miscellaneous tables and facts of interest. It also contains a brief historical notice of each state and territory, a list of the executive and judicial officers; and an account of the finances, debts, resources, educational and charitable institutions, population, and industry of each. PART III. contains an account of Foreign Countries, their area and population, constitution and government, finances, army, navy, commerce, and other important facts. PART IV. gives a full account of the religious condition of the world, with ecclesiastical statistics of different countries and denominations. PART V. embraces miscellaneous essays on Agriculture, Currency and Finance, Mining, and Literature, written by persons who have made these subjects a study. PART VI. contains full Presidential election returns for all the States from 1836 to 1868; a summary of the most important events for 1868, and obituary notices of eminent persons who have died during the year. It is believed that all classes will find facts of importance relating to the general condition of the country and the world; and statesmen, lawyers, physicians, clergymen, teachers, students, politicians, merchants, importers, manufacturers, and farmers, will find facts pertaining specifically to their several professions or callings. The accounts of Foreign Countries, the Ecclesiastical Statistics, the Summary of Important Events, and the Obituary Notices, were prepared expressly for this work by Prof. A. J. Schem, and the Election Returns by A. J. Cum mings, both of New York. The thanks of the editor are due to the Heads of Departments at Wash ington, their assistants and clerks; to members and officers of Congress who h.ave rendered special aid; to the officers of the Freedmen's Bureau; the ]Director of the Mint; the Secretary and Chief Clerk of the Smithsonian In stitution; the Librarian of Congress; to Inspectors of Light House Districts and of Steamboats; to the Governors, Secretaries, Auditors, Treasurers, and other executive officers of the several States; to Superintendents of Public Instruction, Presidents and Professors of Colleges and Professional Schools, Superintendents and Directors of Charitable Institutions and Prisons, and to many contributors and correspondents who have furnished valuable in formation and made important suggestions. No labor or expense has been spared to make the work accurate, and to furnish the latest statistics that could be obtained. But in gathering such a variety of information from so wide a field, condensing and arranging in proper form so many facts, and transcribing a great number of names and a multitude of figures, complete accuracy in all matters of detail can hardly be hoped for; and the editor and publishers will be thankful for information relating to any errors or inaccuracies, however unimportant, that may be discovered. 4 [1869. C OTENTS. Page. PREFACE.................................................................................... 3 PAR ASTRONOMICAL Page. ASTRONOIICAL DEPARTMENT.............. 9 Eras corresponding with 1869............ 9 Jewish Calendar for 1869................. 9 Mohammedan Calendar for 1869.......... 10 Movable Church Days..... 10 Cycles of Time........................... 10 The Four Seasons........ 10 The Risinig and Setting of Mercury 10 Eclipses for 1869.......................... 11 Projection of the Lunar Eclipse of Jan. 27. 11 Annular Eclipse of the Sun..............12 Total Eclipse of the S u n..................13 Table of Eclipses........................14 The Asteroids............................14 Versed Sines' of Illuminated Discs of Ve nus and Mars.........................15 Phases of Venus-Direct Image..........15 Evening Stars-Morning Stars...........15 Ephemeris of the principal Planets.....;16 Suin's Declination........................18 Eclipses of Jupiter's Moons for 1869..... 18 Page. ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT Table showingMoon's place orLongitude. 19 Constellations and Signs of the Zodiac... 19 Occultation of Regulus and Aldebaran... 19 High Water at Boston...................20 High Water at New York................20 High Water at Philadelphia..............21 High Water at San Francisco............21 Calendar....................................... 22 Length and Increase of Days............. 22 Moon's Phases........................... 3 Situation of the Planets.................. 2:3 Beginning and End of Twilight..........23 Planetary Conjunctions and other Phe nomena................................46 Saturn's Rings......................... 46 Diameter, &c. of the Sun and Planets.... 47 Primary Planets and Asteroids...........47 Tide Tables..................... 48 Table of Sixty-one bright Stars..........49 Table of Latitude and Longitude.........50 PART II. THE UNITED STATES. Page., Page. THE UNITED STATES..................... 59 THE UNITED STATES Historical Notice........................59 Alphabetical List of Senators............78 Principal Officers of the Government from Alphabetical List of Representatives.....78 the First Continental Congress to the Executive Government..................79 Present Time..........................60 The Cabinet.............................80 Presidents............................... 60 Department of State.....................80 Vice Presidents..........................60 Intercourse with Foreign Nations........81 Secretaries of State.................... 60 Chief Officers in the State Department... 81 Secretaries of the Treasury.............. 61 Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Secretaries of War..................61...................81 Secretaries of the Navy.................. 61 Secretaries of Legation..................82 Secretaries of the Interior...............61 Assistant Secretaries of Legation........82 Postmasters General.....................62 Ministers Resident......................82 Attorneys General........................62 Consular Officers of the United States... 82 Chief Justices of the Supreme Court.....62 Diplomatic Corps........................89 Associate Justices of the Supreme Court. 62 List of Foreign Consuls in the U. S......90 Presidents pro tempore of the Senate.... 63 Treasury Department....................95 Speakers ofthe House of Representatives. 63 Chief Officers in the Treasury Dept.....96 List of Congresses.......................63 Collectors of Customs......... 7....... Governors of States................... 64 Assessors & Collectors of Internal Revenue 99 Governors of Territories.................69 United States Coast Survey..............104 Congress....................................................... 105 Apportionment of Representatives.......71 Light-House Districts and Officers.......105 Fortieth Congress-2d Session.............71 Supervising Inspectors of Steamboats...106 Senators............................. 71 Army and Navy.........................106 Committees of the Senate...............72 War Department......................... 107 Officers of the Senate....................73 Chief Officers in the War Department... 108 House of Representatives................74 U.S. Military Academy................... 108 Delegates from Territories............... 76 Appointment and Admission of Cadets.. 110 Committees of the House................ 76 Army Liet............................... 111 Officers of the House.................... 78 Retired from Active Seiwice..............119 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Page.Pa. THE UNITED STATES — Pag. No. of Navy pensioners in each State.... 178 Bureau of Indian Affairs.................179 Patent Office.............................181 Business of the Patent Office............182 Department of Agriculture...............183 Temperature and rain fall for each month.186 Average yield of principal crops........187 Average price of principal products......187 Average price of farm stock, Jan. 1868...188 Condition of crops, September, 1868......189 Department of Education................190 Colleges and Higher Seminaries........... 196 Theological Schools......................204 Law Schools.............................208 Medical Schools.......................... 206 Normal Schools..........................210 Agricultural and Scientific Schools....... 212 Cost of education in principal cities......213 Library of Congress...................... 214 Smithsonian Institution.................. 216 United States Mint....................... 218 Foreign gold and silver coins............. 221 Coins of the United States............... 222 National Societies........................1 223 Proceedings of the 40th Congress.........225 Impeachment Trial..................... 225 Reconstruction...........................3. 3 Finances................................. 235 Duties on leading articles of commerce. 236 Receipts and Expenditures of the U. S. Treasury for year ending June 30,1868.. 237 Sales of Merchandise...................2.. 138 United States National Debt............. 239 tUniiited States Bonds.....................241 Legal Tender Notes...................... 241 National Banks, National Bank Notes.... 242) Debts of the several States...............245 Titles and abstracts of the public laws.....246 Public resolutions........................254 Proclamations of the President...........255 Fourteenth Constitutional Amendment...257 Stamp Duties.....................29.......29 Fortieth Congress........................2 61 Forty-first Congress......................262 National Platforms of 1868............... 265 State Governments.......................274 THE UNITED STATES Pay of the Army.........................5 121 Organization of the Regular Army....... 122 Arliories and Arsenals................... 123 Military Divisions and Departments...... 124 Freedmen's Bureau...................... 125 Navy Department......................... 128 Chief Officers in the Navy Department... 128 U. S. Naval Academy.................... 129 Admission of Students................... 130 Navy List................................ 132 Retired List............................. 1,85 Marine Corps............................ 136 Naval Constructors...................... 136 Resignations, Deaths and Dismissals..... 136 List of Vessels of the Navy.............. 136 Naval Force............................. 1,38 Squadron s................................ 139 Navy Yards and Shore Stations..........140 Pay of the Navy......................... 141 Attorney General's Office................146 Judiciary................................ 146 Supreme Court of the United States.....147 Circuit Courts........................... 147 Court of Claims.......................... 147 Supreme Court of the Dist. of Coltumbia..147 Post Office Department................... 148 Chief Officers in Post Office Department.149 Postal Conventions...................... 150 Postal Service........................... 151 Revenues & Expenditures from 1854-1868..154 Estimates for 1869........................ 155 Appropriations for Special Service....... 155 Mail Service. Receipts and Expenditures.. 155 Rates of Domestic Postage............... 157 Foreign Letters, &c....................... 158 Printed Matter for Foreign Countries....158 Exchange offices for Foreign Mails....... 160 Table ot Postages to Foreign Countries..160 Department of the Interior.............. 169 Chief Officers in the Interior Department.. 169 Public Lands............................. 170 Land Grants for Education............... 173 Grants for Internal Improvement........ 173 Private Land Claims..................... 174 Pension Office........................... 175 No. of Army pensioners in each State.... 177 STATES AND TERRITORIES. Page. NEW YORK, Government, Judiciary, &c.... 411 NORTH CAROLINA, Government, &c.........421 OHIO, Government, Judiciary, Finances, &c.42i OREGON, Government, Judiciary, &c....... 4.33 PENNSYLVANIA, Government, Judiciary, &c.437 RHODE ISLAND, Government, Judiciary, &c.445 SOUTH CAIOLINA, Government,, &c........ 449 TENNESSEE, Government, Judiciary, &c.... 454 TEXAS, Government, Judiciary, &c......... 457 VERMONT, Government, Judiciary, &c..... 462 VIRGINIA, Government, Judiciary, &c...... 467 WEST VIRGINIA, Government, &c.......... 471 WISCONSIN, Government, Judiciary, &c.... 476 ALASKA Territory, Government, &c........ 482 ARIZONA Territory, Government, &c....... 484 COLORADO Territory, Government, &c...... 486 DAKOTA Territory, Government, &c......... 89 IDAHO Territory, Government, &c.......... 492 INDIAN Territory, Government, &c........496 MONTANA Territory, Government, &ec...... 4t7 NEW MEXICO Territory, Government, &c...500 UTAH Territory, Government, &c........... 502 WASHINGTON Territory, Government, &c...504 WYOMIN,G Territory, Government, &c...... 508 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Government, &c...510 NEW YORK CITY, Government, &c........ 516 Page. ALABAMA-Government, Judiciary, Finan ces, Education, Charitable and Pen'al Insti tutions, Population, Wealth & Industry..275 ARKIANS,AS, Government, Judiciary, &c 21OEN.Gvrmn....., 281 CALIFORNIA, Government, Judiciary &c.... 285 CONNECTICUT, Government, Judiciary, &c..IsADGoenetJuiir294 DELAWARE, Government, Judiciary, &c.... 303 FLORIDA, Government, Judiciary, &c......306i GEORGIA, Government, Judiciary, &c...... 311 ILLINOIS, Government, Judiciary, &c......31.. 316 INDIANA, Government, Judiciary, &c.......VRNA 324 IOWA, Government, Judiciary, Finances, &c.330 KANSAS. Government, Judiciary, &c.......33 s38 KENTUCKY, Government, Judiciary, &c.....342 LOUISIANA, Government, Judiciary, &c....346 MAINE, Government Judiciary, &c.......... 53 MARYLAND, Government, Judiciary, &c....38DOAertyGvrm&.358 MASSACHUSETTS, Government, Judiciary, &c364 MICHICGAN, Government, Judiciary, r&c............4376 MINNESOTA, Government, Judiciary, &c &....382 MissIssippi, Government, Judiciary, &&c.5.. 87 MIssOURI, Government, Judiciary, &c......5 30 NEBRASKA, Government, Judiciary, &c 35 AHNTOTer....3.954 NEVADA, Government, Judiciary &c....... 398 NEW HAMPSHIRE, Government, &c.........401 NEW JERSEY, Government, Judiciary, &c..406 L1869. 6 CONTENTS., PART III. FOREIGN STATES OF THE WORLD. AM ERICA...................................523 INDEPENDENT A MERICAN STATES,...........524 EUROPEAN POSSESSIONS....................524 ARGBENTINE REPUBLIC-Area, Population History, Gover nment, Finances, Army and Navy, Commerce..........................525 BOLIVIA, Area, Population, &c........................525 BRAZIL, Area, Population, &c..............r 525 CENTRAL AMERICA, Area, Population, &c.... 526 GUATEMALA, Area, Population, &c....... 527 SAN SALVADOR, Area, Population, &C.......527 HONDURAS, Area, Population, &c......... AA Ar,P.aoEm 527 NICARAUGUA, Area, Population, &c......527 COSTA RICA, Area, Population, &c.........527 CH ILI, Area, Pop ulation, &c...................527 COLOMBIA, UNITED STATES Or, Area, &c....528 ECUADOR, Area, Population, Ic............529 HAYTI, Area, Population, &c ti C.......... 9.....59 MEXICO, Area, Population, &c.............. 530 PARAGUAY, Area, Population, &c...........531 PERU, Area, Population, &c................532 SAN DOMINGO, Area, Population, t&c....... 532 URUGUAY, Area, Population, &c............ 533 VENEZUELA, Area, Population, &c.......... 5,33 BRITISH POSSESSIONS, Area, Population, &c.533 Domin ion of Canada..................... 534 Jamaica.................................. 536 DANISH POSSESSIONS, Area, Population, &c.536 DUTCH POSSESSIONS, Area, Population, &C..537 FRENCH POSSESSIONS, Area, Population, &c.537 SPANISH POSSESSIONS, Area, Population, &c.537 Cuba LCKAraPolain................................ 537 SWEDISH POSSESSIONS, Area, Population, &c.537 EUROPE. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF EUROPE.......... 538 F,TATES Or EUROPE........................ 539 AUSTRIA, Area, Population, Ilistory, Reign ing Sovereign, Government, Ministry, Ed ucation, Army and Navy, Commerce..... 540 BELGIUM, Area, Population, &c............ 544 DENMARK, Area, Population, &c........... 545 FRANCE, Area, Population, &c............ 547 GERMANY, Area, Population, &c........... 553 NORTH GERMANY, Area, Population, &c..554 PRUSSIA, Area, Population, &c......... 55.5 SAXONY, Area, Population, &c.........5 58 MECK.-SCHWERIN, Area, Pop., &c...... 559 OLDENBURG, Area, Population, &c....559 SAXE-WEI[MAR, Area, Pop., &c.........560 ]IECK.-STRELITZ, Area, Population, &c.560 BRUNSWICK, Area, Poptilation, &c.....561 ANHALT, Area, Population, &c.........561 SAXE-MEININGEN,Area, Population, &c.561 SAXE-OOBURG-GOTHA, Area, Pop., &c.... 561 SAXE-ALTENBURG, Area, Pop., &c.....562 LIPPE-DETMOLD, Area, Population, &c.56'2 REUSs, Area, Population, &c........... 56;2 SCHWARZBURG-RUDOLSTADT, Area, &c.. 562 SCHWARZ.B'G-SONDERSHAUSEN,Area,&c.56;3 WALDECK, Area, Population, &c....... 563 SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE, Area, Pop., &c...563 HAMBURG, Area, Population, &c....... 563 BREMEN, Area, Population, &c......... 564 LUBECK, Area, Population, &c.......... 564 SOUTH GERMANY, Area, Population, &c..564 BAVARIA, Area, Population, &c........564 WURTEMBURG, Area, Population, &c,..565 BADEN, Area, Population, &c.......... 566 SOUTH GERMANY- P HESSE-DARMSTADT, Area, Pop., &c....567 LIECHTENSTEIN, Area, Population, &c..567 GREAT BRITAIN, Area, Population, &c... 567 GREECE, Air-ea, Population, &c.............576 ITALY, Area, Population, &c...............577 LUXEMBURG, Area, Population, &c.........579 NETHERLANDS, Area, Population, &c.......579 PAPAL STATES, Area, Popluation, &c......580 PORTUGAL, Area, Population, &c........... 581 RUSSIA, Area, Population, &c..............582 FINLAND, Area, Population, &C..........584 POLAND, Area, Population, &c............584 SPAIN, Area, Population, &c................ 584 SWEDEN AND NORWAY, Area, Pop., &c.....586 SWEDEN, Area, Population, &c............ 586 NORWAY, Area, Populationt &c.......... 587 SWITZERLAND, Area, Population, &c....... 588 TURKEY, Area, Population, &c............ 589 Rumania................................ 591 Servia...591 eegro. 1.............................. Monitenegro................................. ml ASIA. e PANM, Area, Population, Emperor, Divis ion Foreign Trade, Religion...........5 592 ARABIA, Area, Population, &c.............593 5 BRITISH INDIA, Area, Population, &c....593 BURMAH, Area, Population, &c............5. 94 CEYLON, Area, Population, &c.............. 595 CHINA, Area, Population, &c...............595 JAPAN, Area, Population, &c..............596 JAVA, Area, Population, &c................596 PERSIA, Area, Population, &c..............597 SIAM, Area, Population, c................ 597 TARTARY (Independent), Area, Pop., &c...597 AFRICA. ABYSSINIA, Area, Population, Religion, His tory, Rulers.............................. 598 ALGERIA, Area, Population, &c...............599 CAPE oF GOOD HOPE, Area, Population, &c.599 EGYPT, Area, Population, &c.............. 599 LIBERIA, Area, Population, &c............. 600 M ADAGASCAR, Area, Population, &c........ 600 NATAL, Area, Population, &c..............600 AUSTRALASIA AND POLYNESIA. AUSTRALASIA, Area, Population, &c........601 FEEJEE ISLANDS, Area, Population, &c.... 601 NEW SOUTH WALES, Area, Population, &c..601 NEW ZEALAND, Area, Population, &c......601 QUEENSLAND, Area, Population, &c........601 SANDWICH ISLANDS, Area, Population, &c..602 SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Area, Population, &c...602 TASMANIA, Area, Population, &c.......... 602 VICTORIA, Area, Population, &c............602 WEST AUSTRALIA, Area, Population, &c....602 COMPARATIVE TABLES. Large Divisions of the World..............603 Political Divisions of the World........... 603 Arranged according to Area and Pop.....603 Arranged in orderd6f density of Pop......605 Arranged alphabetically..................606 Large Cities of the World.................. 607 Containing more than 100,000 inhab......607 Containing less than 100,000 inhliab.......608 1869.1 7 AMERICA. EUROPE. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. PART RELIGIOUS STATISTI Page. RELIGIOIUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD.......609 Creeds of the World......................... 609 General Statistics of'Christianity................610 America,................................. 611 Europe...................................611 Asia......................................612 Africa...................................612 Australasia and Polynesia................612 Roman Catholic Church........1............612 The Pope....................61.............612 The Cardinals........................... 612 Patriarchs, Archbishops and Bishops, Arch bishoprics and Bishoprics in America....612 Europe 6 1 3............................1 U s613 Asia 6...................1..............C 61 4 Africa....................................614 Austr al asia and Polynesia................614 (Ecumenical Councils...................... 614 National and Provincial Councils...........614 Monastic Orders...........................615 The Oriental Churches.....................615 Greek Church............................615 Armenian Church....................... 615 Nestorians...............................615 Jacobites................................615 Copts.................................... 615 The Protestant Churches...................616 Divisions of Protestantism................616 The principal Protestant Denominations... 616 The Anglican Church.......................616 Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States..................................616 Other Anglican Churches................ 617 The Baptists...............................617 Regular Baptists in America............. 617 Free Will Baptists in the United States and British America................... 617 Other Baptist Denominations in America..617 Baptists in Great Britain................. 618 Page. Baptists on the Continent of Europe.............6 618 Eaptis.ts in Asia and Australian h...Cooe.........618 Congregationalists........................... 618 America.................................. 618 England and the English Colonies........6 u 618 The Friendls.............................. 618 Lutherans in the United States....................618 Europe..................................619 Asia Africa and Polynesia.......................619 The Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States......................... 619 Methodist Episcopal Church South............ 620 The African Methodist Episcopal Church a nd the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.......................... 620 The Methodist Church and Methodist Protestants............................ 620 Other Methodist Bodies in the United States.................................. 620 Other parts of America...........................620 The Methodist Denominations in E ur ope. 621 Moravians..................................... 621 New Jerusalem Church —"Swedenborgians".621 Presbyterians.............................. 621 Old School in the United States..........621 New School in the United States.........621 United Presbyterians in the United States.621 The (Southerin) Presbyterian Church.....622 The Cumberland Presbyterians..........622 The Refolmned Presbyterians.............622 Presbyterians in Great Britain and the British Colonies...............:......622 Reformed Churches in the United States...622 Europe and Africa.......................622 Unitarians in the United States............ 622 Europe.................................. 622 United Brethren in Christ.................. 622 United Evangelical Church................. 622 Universalists in the United States..........622 PART V. MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. Page. Page., Progress of Agriculture...............623 Mining............................ 4.3 Currency and Finance..................... 632, Literature....................................660 PART PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RETURNS.-RECO California.........................68.........P. Maine............................670..........670 New Hampshire.....................70.......670 Delaware..........................70........670 New Jersey...........672.....................672 Vermont................................................. 672 Rhode Island.......................674........674 Pennsylvania......................674........674 Massachusetts..............................................676 New York.........................678.........678 Virginia..........................680.........680 Maryland.........................684.........684 North Carolina.....................68........686 Georgia...........................88.........688 Illinois.................................... 692 Connecticut................................696 Ohio..............................98.........698 Indiana............................700.... 700 Wisconsin..................................704 Iowa.............................76..........706 Kentucky..................................708 Page. Tennessee................................. 712 Missouri...................................716 Mississippi................................. 720 Louisiana................................. 722 Michigan................................... 724 Alabama................................... 726 Arkansas...................................728 Texas...................................... 730 Oregon.................................... 732 Kansas....................................32 Nebraska...33 Minnesota................................. 734 Florida.....................................735 Nevada.................................. 7..5 West Virginia............................736 South Carolina..........................737 Presidential Vote by States................7.37 State Legislatures, Politically Classified....7.38 Population of the United States, 1790-1860..7.38 Record of Important Events...............739 Obituaries................................. 773 [i'-9. 8 PART I. ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT, COMPUTED EXPRESSLY FOR THIS WORK, BY SAMUEL H. WRIGHT, A. M., M. D., PENN-YAN, N.Y. ERAS CORRESPONDING WITH 1869. The year 1869 constitutes the 93d of the Independence of the United States, until July 4th. 1873d of the birth of Christ, our present Era having begun 4 years after His birth 1238th of the Persian Era, which began June 19th, N. S., 632 A. D. 1286th of the Hegira, and begins April 13th, 1869. 1317th of the Armenian Ecclesiastical Year; 1585th of the Era of Diocletian, or Era of Martyrs. 1907th of the Spanish Era, or Era of the Clesars. 1914th of the Julian Era, or since the reformation of the Calendar of Numa Pompilius. 2181st of the Grecian Era of the Seleucides. 2816th of the Babylonish Era of Nabonassar, which began Feb. 26th, 3967, J. P 2622d of the old Roman Era, A. U. C., according to Varro. 2645th of the Olympiads of Greece, or the 1st year of the 662d Olympiad, beginning in July. 3884th of the Era of Abraham, used by Eusebius. 4217th of the Deluge, according to Usher, and the English Bible. 4971st of the Cali Yuga, or Hindoo, and Indian Era. 4506th of the Chinese Calendar, beginning Feb. 11th, 1869, and the 6th in a cycle of 60 years. 5629th of the Creation, according to the Minor Era of the Jews. It ends September 5th. 6228th of the Greater Rabbinical Era of the Jews. 6097th of the World, according to Eusebius. 5813th of the World, according to Scaliger. 5873d of the World, according to Usher and the English Bible. 7361st of the World, according to the Antiochian and Abyssinian Eras. 7371st of the World, according to the Alexandrian Era. 7377-78th of the Era of Constantinople, used by the Byzantine historians. This last is the same as the Septuagint version of the Bible, and it is the most reliable authority known. It dates the creation on the 1st of the Jewish month Tisri, 5508 B.C., or 7377 years ago. There are about a hundred and forty eras respecting the age of the world, some claiming it to be millions of years old, but without authentic written records. JEWISH CALENDAR FOR 1869. The Jewish year 5629, of 12 months, or 855 days and 51 Jewish Sabbaths, (Saturdays), began Sept. 17th, 1868, and ends Sept. 5th, 1869. The year 5630, of 13 months. is an Qmbolismic year, and the 6th of the CCXCVIIth cycle, containing 385 days, and 55 Jewish Sabbaths, beginning Sept. 6th, 1869, and ending Sept. 25th, 1870. MONTH. BEGINS. LENGTH. MONTH. BEGINS. LENGTH. 5 Sebat........ January 13 30 Days. 11 Ab......... July 9 30 Days. 6 Adar....... February 12 29 Days. 12 Elul........ August 8 29 Days. 7 Nisan....... March 13 30 Days. 1 Tisri (5630). September 6 30 Days. 8 Ijar......... April 12 29 Days. 2 Marchesvan October 6 30 Days. 9 Sivan....... May 11 30 Days. 3 Chisleu..... November 5 30 Days. 10 Tammuz.... June 10 29 Days. 4Thebet.... December 5 29 Days. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MOHAMMEDAN CALENDAR FOR 1869. The year 1285, of 354 days, began April 24th, 1868, and ends April 12th, 1869. The year 1286, of 355 days, begins April 13th, 1869, and ends April 2d, 1870. MONTH. BEGINS. LENGTH. [ ONTH. BEGINS. LENGTH. 10 Schewa]l.... January 15 29 Days. 4 Rabia II.... July 11 29 Days. 11 Dsu'l IKadah. February 13 30 Days. 5 Jomadhi I... August 9 30 Days. 12 Dsut'l Rejjah. March 15 29 Days. 6 Jomadhi II.. September 8 29 Days. 1 Muharrem... April 13 30 Days. 7 Rejeb....... October 7 30 Days. 2 Saphar...... May 13 29 D ays. 8 Shaban..... November 6 29 Days. 3 Rabia I...... June 11 30 D ays. 9 Ramadan... December 5 30 Days. MOVABLE CHURCH DAYS. Septuagesima Sunday..............Jan. 24. Sexagesima Sunday................Jan. 31. Quinquagesima Sunday............Feb. 7. Ash Wednesday....................Feb. 10. Quadragesima Sunday (1st of Lent).Feb. 14. Ember Day..........................Feb. 17.. Mid-Lent Sunday.................... March 7. Palm Sunday.......................March 21. Good Friday.......................March 26. EASTER SUNDAY...................March 28. CYCLES OF TIME. Dominical Letter..........C. Golden Number..........8... Dionysian Period.......198. Epact ( D's age, Jan. 0).....17. Roman Indiction..........12. Julian Period...........6582. Solar Cycle................ 2. Jewish Lunar Cycle........5. Number of Direction....... 7. THE FOUR SEASONS, OR NATURAL DIVISIONS OF THE YEAR. WASHINGTON. SAN FRANCISCO. D. H.MY t. D. H.M. Winter Begins, 1868....... Dec. 21 7 20 Mo. 4 19 Mo. and lasts......89 0 56 Spring Begins, 1869........March 20 8 16 Mo. 5 15 Mo. and lasts......92 20 34 Summer Begins, 1869......June 21 4 50 Mo. 1 49 Mo. and lasts......93 14 22 Autumn Begins, 1869......Sept. 22 7 12 Ev. 4 11 Ev. and lasts......89 17 56 Winter Begins, 1869....... Dec. 21 1 8 Ev. 10 7 Mo. Tropical Y'r..365 5 48 THE RISING AND SETTING OF MERCURY, when near its greatest elongation from the Sun, for Washington. At the times given below, it will probably be visible. MERCURY RISES, MORNING. March. u rises. July. u rises. Nov. I rises. H.. M. H. H. H.H. H. H.H. H. i. M. H. Y 19 5 6 17 3 26 5 4 59 20 5 6 18 3 26 6 5 0 21 5 6 19 3 26 7 5 2 22 5 5 20 3 27 8 5 4 23 5 5 21 3 27 9 5 5 Mercury is brightest when at an elongation of about 22~ 19', which occurs about three days before its greatest elongation east, and three days after its greatest elongation west, and is always between the greatest elongation and superior conjunction. Venus is brightest between inferior conjunction and greatest elongation, and when its elongation is about 39~ 44. 10 [1869. Low Sunday...................... April Rogation Sunday.................. May Ascension Day..................... May Wliit Sunday (Pentecost).......... May Ember Day........................ May Trinity Sunday...................... Uay Corpus Christi..................... May Middle of the Year................. July Ember Day......................... Sept. Advent Sunday..................... Nov. 4. 2. 6. 16. 19. 23. 27. 2. 15. 2& MERCURY SETS, EVENING. Jan. sets. May. sets. Sept. sets. 30 24 2,0 6 1; 31 8 2 25 9 6 21 6 46 Feb. 1 8 1 26 9 6 22 6 44 2 7 58 27 9 7 23 6 43 - 3 7 561 28 9 7 24 6 41 ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. ECLIPSES FOR 1869. There will be four Eclipses this year, two of the Sun and two of the Moon, as follows: I. A partial eclipse of the Moon, January 27th, in the evening, visible. Size, 0.458 of the diameter, or 5.496 digits, on the northern limb. See table of Lunar Eclipse, page 14, for the time. The first contact occurs at a point 50~ from the north point towards the east, and the last contact 31~ from the north point towards the west. The north point of the Moon is determined by an imaginary line drawn from the Moon's centre toward the north pole, or North Star, and r,ot toward the north point of the horizon. When the Moon is at A the Eclipse is largest and on the northern limb. PROJECTION OF THE LUNAR ECLIPSE OF JANUARY 27TH. S II. An annular eclipse of the Sun, February 11th, invisible in North America. Visible in the southern part of South America, south of 20~ latitude, and in the southern part of Africa. This Eclipse will be partial in the lower part of South America, and Southern Africa. The line of the Central Eclipse travels in the Ocean, and ends on the coast of Madagascar. The Eclipse begins in Lat. 35~ 39' S., Lon. 3~ 12.31 W., and ends in Lat. 9~ 47.4/ S., Lon. 256~ 27.3 W. 1869.] 11 .IV :E < t y~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~! \' I \~~~~~~~~~. ^ / w14sAS-~~~~~~~~300 S~~~~so THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The central phase begins in Lat. 50~ 8.8' S., Lon. 29~ 55.3' W., and ends in Lat. 24~ 41.3' S., Lon. 232~ 39.71 W. of Washington. It occurs at noon, in Lat. 54~ 6.5' S., and in Lon. 301' 32/ W. of Washington. THE ANNULAR ECLIPSE OF THE SUN FEBRUARY 11TIE. III. A partial eclipse of the Moon, July 23d, invisible in America. Visible in.Eastern Asia and Australia. Size, 0.566 of the diameter, or 6.792 digits on the southern limb. IV. A TOTAL ECLIPSE OF TlEF SUN, August 7th, in the afternoon, visible either as a total, or a large partial eclipse, throughout Eastern Asia, and all of North America, and the West Indies. This will be the most interesting eclipse that has occurred, or will occur, in the United States for many years. The eclipse first be,-ins on the Earth at sun-rise in the Pacific Ocean, east of Japan, in Lat. 36~ 53.3' N., Lon. 138~ 37.4' W. of Washington. It becomes total first upon the Earth, in Siberia, at sun-rise, in Lat. 52' 41.9/ N., Lou. 165~ 26.4/ W. of Washington. The eclipse is i2 [1869. 3 2 2GO 2, 0 2 IF I I -I C 1 7 - i i -\ I -- I 6- 11 I - I, i.1 a 33 0 32 a c - 4 ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. total at noon in Alaska, Lat. 61~ 46.9t N., Lon. 68~ 4.6t West. The line of the total eclipse now runs south-easterly, grazing the coast near Sitka, thence running off into British America, and entering the United States near the origin of Milk River, Lon. 30 W. Thence through the South-west corner of Minnesota, and diagonally through Iowa, crossing the Mississippi River near Burlington, Iowa; thence through Illinois, just north of Springfield, and crossing the Ohio River near Louisville, Ky. Thence through the south-west corner of West Virg,inia, and through North Carolina, just south of Raleigh, and thence to Newbern, and entering the Atlantic, just north of Beaufort, N. C., and ending at sun-set, in the ocean, in Lat. 31~ 15.2 N., and Lon. 9~ 36.6, East. THE GREAT SOLAR ECLIPSE OF AUGUST 7TH. iz I 9 -~ ~ ~, 3~~ 0 0 T 0 5 0 3 0 5 In all the dark part of the engraving the Eclipse will be visible and partial, except along the heavy black line, where it will be total. Along the line described above, the eclipse will be total, and at all other places in the United States it will be partial. The partial eclipse ends on the Earth at sun-set, in Lat. 14' 4' 54" N., Lon. 13' 10' W., being near the City of Guatemala. Along the Atlantic coast in the United States, the eclipse ends at about sun-set. For the times of the phases of this eclipse, see the following table. For its general outline, see the engraving. This eclipse occurred last in 1851, July 28th. and the total phase was visible in the arctic regions of America, and in Sweden, Norway and Russia, 10 0 10 0 0 1869.1 13 C, - 5. . 4i'D - o aD 10 or 0 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. TABLE OF ECLIPSES VISIBLE IN NORTIr AMERICA. TABLE OF LUNAR ECLIPSE, JANUARY 27TH. -~ ~ ~~~~~~~~iHH.Mdl. ~. I~i~~.Rdl. Ed ie Mviddle. Afternoon. 11. h. 6 11 6 0 5 58 6 18 5 19 5 23 5 4 5 7 5 44 6 5 5 24 6 4 5 57 2 32 6 16 5 41 5 46 5 28 5 2 5 30 5 54 6 13 5 -56 6 17, 5 26} 6 4 5 53 6 21 5 56 5 52 5 59 5 18 6 2 5 22 5 50 6 23 4 52 6 7 4 36 6 9 6 1 5 55 5 40 6 10 5 1 2 20 New York................... Philadelphia................ Baltimore................... Boston...................... New Orleans................ Cincinnati.................. St. Louis.................... Chica o..................... Buffao...................... Newark, N. J................ Louisville, Ky................. Albany, N. Y................ Washington................. San Francisco............... Providence................ Pittsburg................... Rochester................... Detroit...................... Milwaukee.................. Cleveland................... Charleston.................. New Haven................. Richmond................... Lowell...................... Mobile...................... Hartford.................... Syracuse................. Portland, Me.............. Utica....................... Savannah................... Wilmington, Del............ Indianapolis................ Trenton.................... Nashville................... Oswego..................... Bangor, Me.................. Dubuque.................... Augusta, Ga................. St. Paul, Minn.............. Quebec..................... Montreal.................... Raleigh..................... Toronto.................... Havana, Cuba............... Little Rock.................. Portland, Oregon............ End. Evening. 9 48 9 42 10 4 8 48 9 11 8 47 8 58 9 33 9 51 9 6 9 53 9 40 6 38 10 2 9 28 9 37 9 16 8 55 9 20 9 28 9 56 9 38 10 3 8 55 9 58 9 43 10 7 9 47 9 24 9 45 9 4 9 50 9 1 9 42 10 12 8 45 9 21 8 36 10 3 9 54 9 33 9 31 9 19 8 40 6 38 Little~~ Rok......62 3 04151611+N THE ASTEROIDS. About one hundred little planets called Asteroids, have been discovered, whose orbits are between Mars and Jupiter. Every year new discoveries are made among them, and soon the number will doubtless be many more. Some of them are so exceedingly small, that it might seem inappropriate to call them planets or worlds. But any solid body having an orbit, if it be no larger than a cannon-ball, is entitled to rank as a world. A vast number of these may exist between Mars and Jupiter, which will never be discovered because of their littleness. Indeed, this may be said of all the inter-orbital spaces in the solar system. Asteroidal bodies appear to be revolving around the Sun, in orbits not far from that of the Earth. Others, also, revolve around the Earth like the Moon. attending our planet as invisible satellites. The Aerolitis, or falling masses of stones, are really Asteroids, whose orbits cross the Earth's track, or else wind spirally inward, as a consequence of the Earth's superior attraction. When one of these bodies and the Earth approach each other, at the intersection of their orbits, the former must strike upon the Earth, representing a miniature collision of worlds. t t t 14 [1869. ABLE OF SOLAR ECLIPST, AUGUST 7TH. 7 28 7 22 7 4,4 6 28 6 51 6 27 6 38 7 13 7 31 6 46 7 33 7 20 liivis. 7 42 7 8 7 17 6 56 6 35 7 0 7 8 7 36 7 18 7 43 6 35 7 38 7 23 7 47 7 27 7 4 7 25 6 44 7 30 6 41 7 22 7 52 6 25 7 1 6 16 7 43 7 34 7 13 7 11 6 59 6 20 Invis. M ddl.. 8 38 8 32 8 54 7 38 8 1 7 37 7 48 8 23 8 41 7 56 8 43 8 30 5 28 8 52 8 IS 8 27 8 6 7 45 8 10 8 18 8 46 8 28 8 53 7 45 8 48 8 13:3 8 57 8 37 8 14 8 35 7 54 8 40 7 51 8 32 9 2 7 35 8 11 7 26 8 53 8 44 8 23 8 21 8 9 7 30 5 28 5 8 5 3 5 24 4 24 4 30 4 5 4 7 4 49 5 11 4 26 5 12 5 2 1 26 5 21 4 47 4 49 4 31 4 1 4 34 5 0 5 16 5 1 5 21 4 -32 5 17 4 58 5 26 5 2 4 57 5 6 4 21 5 9 4 2,3 4 55 5 31 3 50 5 23 3 36 5 18 5 9 4 58 4 43 5 9 4 1 1 11 t 6 53 6 53 Sun-set 6 13 6 25 6 3 6 6 6 39 6 58 6 22 6 55' .6 52 3 38 Sun-set 6.35 6 42 6 26 6 2 6 26 6 48 San-set 6 51, Sun-set 6 20 Suii-set 6 47 Stin-get 6 50 6 46 6 51 6 14 6 54 6 21 6 45 Sun-set 5 53 Sun-set 5 36 6 59 6 54 6 51 6 36 Invis. 6 1 3 28 Si... Digit,. 10 lot 101 9 9 lit ill II,' 10 10 1, 12 91 11 61 gi lot of lot 11 lot 11 gi ill 8i 91 gi 91 8i pi lot 10. . lit lo* lit gi 7t Ill 11 lit 7i 8+ Ili 91 8 101 8i Li.b. S.' S.. S. S. N. S. N.' S.; S. S. S. S. N. S. S. S. S. S. S. N. S. S. S. N. S. S. S. S. - N. S. S. S. N. S. S. S. N.. S. S. S. S. S. N. N. N. ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. VERSED SINES OF TIHE ILLUMINATED DISCS OF VENUS AND IMAES. VENUS. MARS. VENUS. MARS. MduONTHS. ads.5 Radius=.500 MONTHS. Radius-.500 Radius-.500 January 15... 0.8 0.&964 July 15... 0.948 0.907 February 15..... 0.938 0.999 August 15... 0.891 0.t24 March 15..... 0.972 0.962 September 15... 0.818 0.943 April 15..... 0.994 0.913 October 15... 0.734 0.959 ay 15..... 0.999 0.897 November 15... 0.6,28 0.974 June 15..... 0.984 0.8.95 December 15.... 0.495 0.9)8t; Venus will exhibit a gibbous phase, until December 13th, except about the 9th of May, when it is Full, or a perfect circle. At its greatest elongation, December 13th, it showrs half its d(liameter, and after that it becomes a crescent. MIars is always gibbous. except when Full, being least at the quadratures. PHASES OF VENUS.-DIRECT IMIAGE. The disc of Venus will be nearly circular, and not of much interest, until October. It bcomes a crescent after the 13th of December. EVENING STARS. - MORNING STARS. Venus, from May 9th to the end of the year. Venus, until May 9th. Mars, all the year. Jupiter, from April 17th to Aug. 12th. Jupiter, until April 17th, and after Aug. 12th. Saturn, until March 7th. Saturn, from March 7th to Dec. 11th. Mercury, March 21st, July 19th, and Nov. 7th. NOTE.-The exterior planets are regarded as Evening Stars from their western quadrature to conjunction with the Sun, and as Morning Stars from conjunction to western quadrature, rising in the latter case between midnight and sunrise. The interior planets are Evening Stars from superior conjunction to their inferior conjunction, and then Morning Stars to superior conjunction. Venus does not reach the inferior conjunction this year, hut it runs rapidly to it after its greatest elongation east, Dec. 13th, being about this time very beautiful. 1869.} 15 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. EPHEMERIS OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANETS, showing their Declination at transit, and time of transit, over the Meridian of Washington, and their rising and setting at night for the latitude of Washington. The rising of Uranus may be found very nearly by subtracting 7h. 19m. from its meridian passage, and its setting by adding 7h. 19m. S ATURN. Dec'l. Mrid. Rises. South. Morn. Morn. ~ H. M. H. M!. 20 41 9 58 5 8 20 43 9 47 4 57 20 45 9 37 4 47 20 48 9 26 4 36 20 50 9 16 4 26 20 52 9 5 4 16 20 54 8 55 4 6 20 56 8 44 3 55 20 57 8 33 3 44 20 59 8 23 3 34 21 1 8 8 3 19 21 2 7 57 3 8 21 3 7 47 2 58 21 4 7 36 2 47 21 5 7 25 2 36 21 6 7 14 2 25 21 7 7 3 2 14 21 8 6 52 2 3 21 8 6 40 i 51 21 9 6 29 1 40 21 9 6 25 I 36 21 9 6 14 1 25 21 10 6 3 1 14 21 10 5 51 1 2 21 10 5 40 0 51 21 10 5 28 0 39 21 10 5 17 0 28 21 10 5 5 0 16 21 9 4 53 0 4 21, 9 4 42 Even. 21 9 4 26 11 33 21 8 4 14 11 21 21 8 4 2 11 9 21 7 3 50 10 57 21 6 3 38 10 45 21 5 3 2510 32 21 5 3 13 10 20 21 4 3 1 10 8 21 3 2 48 9 55 21 2 2 36 9 43 21 0 2 24 9 31 20 59 2 11 9 18 20 58 1 59 9 6 20 57 1 46 8 53 20 56 1 33 8 40 20 54 1 21 8 28 20 53 1 8 8 15 20 52 0 55 8 2 20 50 0 43 7 50 20 49 0 30 7 37 20 47 0 13 7 20 20 45 E-en. Sets. 20 44 11 43 Mom. 20 43ll 31 4 25 20 41 11 18 4 12 240mll 5 59 20 39' l0 53 3 47 20 39'10 40 3 34 20 36 10 27 3 21 20 &5 0 15.3 91 ...,.......... V VENUS. Doc'l. Merid. Rioes. South. | Morn. Morn.| | E.H. M.| 20 381 9 50 5 O! 21 14 9 54 5 7i 21 45 958 513 22 10!10 2 5 18 2-2 29110 7 5 25 2242'10 11 5 30 22 49!10 15 5 34 22 50 10 20 5 39 22 44 10 24 5 431 22 3311028 5 471 22 7'3103 5491 21 4211038 5.53 21 10'10 42 5 54 20 32110 46 5 56 19 49110 50 5 58 19 110 54 558 18 8110 57 5 58 17 10'11 0 5 58i 16 8;11 4 5 581 15 2 117 5 57 14 39zll 7 5 571 13 27'11 10 5 551 12 13',11 13 5 53 10 56111 15 5 51 9 35111 18 5 49 81311 20 5 47 649 1122 5441 5 23 11 24 5 41 3 55111 26 5 39 22711 28 5.36 0 28 11 29 5 31 N. 61 11:32 529 23111 34 526 4 0O11 35 5 22 5 28!11 37 5 19 6 55111 39 5 16 8 21111 41 5 14 9 46:11 43 5 11 11 811 45 5 9 122811 48 5 7 18 4511l50 5 4 14 591153 5 3 16 l0111 55 5 1 1717111 58 5 0 18 20 Even. ets.1 19 19 0 5 Even20 13 0 8 7 171 21 3 012 7 241 21 47 0 15 7 30 22 25 0 19 7 37 2,3 8 0 24 7 44 23.3.3 0 29 7 51 23 51 0 33 7 58 24 4 0 37 8 1 24 10 0'41 8 5 24 9 0 46 8 10 24 2 0 50 8 14 2349 054 818 23 2.9!i0 58 8 201 2, i' 1 3 82:31 W JUPITER. | Soo~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~@' Morid No|h More. Ere o.Mr.Mr. Nrh North. E. E.r| H.' H.. H. N.| 1 17 5 38 11 431 1 25 5 2811 33 41 35 5 17'11 23 45 5 711 14 1 55 4 5711 4 2 6 4 46110 53 2 17 4 3611044 2 29 4 2611035 2 41 4 161106 26 0 2 54 4 6110 16i 3 11 3 53110 41 3 24 343 955 1 3.38 3 383 9 46 3 52 3 24 9 37 4 6 3 14 9 28 421 3 5 9202 4 36 255 9102 4 51 246 9 3 5 6 2 36 8 53 5 21 227 8 45 5 26 2 24 8 42 5 42 2 14 8 33 5 57 2 5 8 25 6 13 1 56 817 6 29 146 8 8 645 1 37 8 0 7 1 128 751 717 1 19 743 733 1 10 735 7 49 1 0 7'26 8 10 0 48 7 151 8 26 039 7 71 8 42 0 30 6 59 8 58 0 21 6 51 914 012 6 43 9 29 0 3 635 9 45 Morn. Rises. I 10 0 11 45 Morn. 10 16 11 35 5 12 103111 26 451 10 46 11 17 4 41 11 1 11 8 4 31 11 15 10 59 4 21 11 30 10 50 4 11 11 44 10 41 4 1 11 58 10 32 352 12 12 10 23 3 42 12 25 10 13 3 31 12 39 10 4 3 22 12 52 955 3 121 13 9 9 4 3 2 598 13 21 9 34 2 491 13 33 9 24 239i 1 1345 915 229' 13 57 9 6 2 19 14 8 8 56 2 91 14 19 847 1 58 14 30i 837 1 481 14 40o 8 28 1 37 i 14 50 8 18, 1 28 I i i i I I i I 1 [1sW. 16 MARS. Mind. Ri....'i Morn. Eren. H. M. H. M1. 3 47 9 l 3 36 8 50 3 24 8.38 3 12 8 26 259 811 2 46 7 58 2 32 7 43 2 18 7 27 2 4 7 12 1 49 6 56 1 28 6 33 1 12 6 19 0 56 5 58 0 40 5 40 0 23 5 21 0 7 5 3 LEven. 8ets. 11 29 Morn. 11 1 3 6 20 10 57 6 5 10 52 6 0 10 36 5 45 10 21 5 31 10 7 5 17 79 53 5 3 9 39 4 49 79 26 4 36; 9 13 4 23 39 1 4 11 8 49 3 58 38 34 3 42 8 23 3 30 8 13 3 19 8 3 3 9 7 53 2 57 7 44 2 48 7 35 2 37 7 26 2 27 7 17 2 17 )7 9 2 7 7 l 1 58 6 53 I 48 6 45 1 38 6 37 ] 29 6 30 I 20 6 23 111 6 16 2 6 9 0 54 6 2 0 45 5 55 0 36 5 46 0 25 5 40 0 16 5 33 0 9 5 27 Even. 5 21 11 48 5 15 11 40 5 9 111 31 L5 3,111 24 4 5w7llL 163 34 5ltlr 7 TIT URANUS. ltorth. Morn. o /.1f 22 59 0 24 23 0 0 11 23 1 E, —. 23 1 11 43 23 3 11 31 23 3 11 18 23 411 6 23 5,10 54 23 6j110 41 23 7110 29 2.3 8 10 13 23 8'10 0 23 9 9 48 23 9 9 36 23 10 9 24 23 10 9 12 23 11 9 0 23 11 8 47 23 12 8,35 23 12 8 23 23 12 8 19 23 12 8 7 23 13 7 55 2313 7 43 23 13 7 31 23 13 7 20 23 13 7 8 23 13 6 56 23 13 6 44 23 13 6 33 23 12 6 17 23 12 6 5 23 12 5 54 23 11 5 42 23 11 5 31 23 11 5 19 23 l0 5 8 23 10 4 56 23 9 4 45 2.3 8 4 33 23 8 4 22 23 7 4 11 2,3 6 3 59 23 5 3 48 23 5 3 37 23 4 3 26 23 3 3 14 23 2 3 3 23 1 2 52 2,3 0 2 41 22 58 2 26 22 57 2 15 22 56 2 4 22.5.51 53 22 54 l 42 22 52 1 81 22 51 1 20 22 50 1 9 22 49 0 57 22 47 0 46 D-r ov MONTH. Dec'1. North. ~ r 13 0 13 5 13 12 13 22 13'34 13 49 14 6 14 25 14 46 15 9 15 41 16 6 16 32 16 57 17 22 17 45 18 14 18?,3 18 50 19 4 19 9 19 20 19 28 19 34 19 37 19 38 19 37 19 34 19 28 19 21 19 8 18 56 18 43 18 28 18 12 17 54 17 35 17 14 16 53 16 30 16 6 15 41 15 15 14 48 14 19 13 50 13 20 12 48 12 16 11 43 10 57 10 22 9 46 9 9 8 31 7 53 7 14 6.34 5 54 5 13 Jan. 1 ' 4 "; 7 " 10 " 13 " 16 " 19 " 22 " 25 " 28 Feb. l 4 " 10 " 13 " 16 " 19 " 22i " 25 " 28 March 1 " 4 " 10 " 13 16 19 "22 25 28 April I " 4 .;7 " 10 " 13 " 16 " 19 " 22 " 25 " 28 May I "4 "7 " 10 " 13 " 16 " 19 " 22 " 25 " 28 June I " 4 " 7 " 10 " 13 16 !9i " 221 " 25 " 28; 1869.] ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. 17 EPUEMERIS OF TllE PRINCIPAL PLANETS showing their Declination at transit. and time of transit, over the Meridian of Washington, and their rising and setting at night for the latitude of Washington. The rising of Uranus may be found very nearly by subtracting h. 19m. from its meridiao passage, and its setting by adding ~~. 19m. S vENUS. S MARS. ~ JUPITEE. ~ SATURN. 115 URANUS. M1~d. s~u. ~~`~ ~`~ia. ~~~ ~~~~~ ~`~~. ~~~ ~~~~~ H1j,id. ~~~~ a~~'i. H1j~d. N~th. E~~. E~~. N~h. E~~~. E~~~. N~~h.H~~. H6~. S~~th. E~,~. H~~. N~h. E~~~. ~ H. H. H. H.` H. H. H. H.` H. H. H. H.` H. H. H. H. ~ H. H. July 12231 1 7 825 432 4451059 1459 8 9 1 18 203310 2 256 2246 032 53 110 826 349 4391051 15 8 759 1 8 20 33~ 949 243 2245 024 7i~21 10 114 827 3 6 434:1043 1517 749 058 2033 937 231 2243 013 10~~20 21 1 17 8 27 2 23 4 28110 35 15 26 7 39 0 47 20 32 9 24 2 18 22 42 0 2 13 19 26 1 21 8 27 1 39 4 22:10 27 15 34 7 30 0 37 20 31 9 12 2 6 22 40 H~ 16:18 27 124 8 27 055 4 17 1019 1542 7 20 0 27 20 31 9 0 1 54 22 39 11 40 19117 24 1 27 8 26 N. 10 4 lilO 11 15 49 7 10 0 17 20 30 8 47 1 41 22 3711 29 22 16 16 1 30 8 25 S. 35 4 6 10 3 15 56 7 0 0 6 20 30 8 35 1 29 22 31 11 18 25~:15 5 1 32 822 1 20 4 1 956 16 2 649 E~ 2030 823 1 17 223511 7 28 13 50: 1 35 8 20 2 5 3 55 9 48 16 8 6 39 11 42 20 29 8 11 1 5 22 33 10 56 Aug. 1 12 1 38 8 18 3 6 3 49 9 38 16 16 6 25 11 27 20 30 7 55 0 49 22 31 10 42 4 10 421 17 4407 8 1757 3 51 3 43 9 30 16 21 6 15 11 17 20 30 7 43 0 37 22 30 10 30 7 9 1 8 37 3 38 9 22 16 26 6 511 6 20 30 7 31 0 25 22 2810 19 10 7 50 1 43 8 8 5 23 3 33 9 15 16 30 5 54 10 55 20 30 7 19 0 13 22 27 10 8 13 6 21 1 45 8 5 6 9 3 29 9 8 16 34 5 43 10 44 20 31 7 7 0 1 22 26 9 57 10 4 51 1 46 8 2 6 55 3 24 9 1 16 38 5 32 10 33 20 32 6 55 ~~ 22 24 9 46 19 3 20 1 48 7 59 7 41 3 19 8 53 16 41 5 2110 21 20 32 6 43 11 34 22 23 9 35 22 1 47 1 49 7 55 8 26 3 14 8 45 16 43 5 10 10 10 20 33 6 32~11 2322 22 9 24 25 0 14 1 51 7 52 9 11 3 10 8 39 16 45 4 59 9 59 20 34 6 20~11 1122 21 9 13 28 S. 79 1 52 7 48 9 57 3 5 8 32 16 47 4 48 9 48 20 % 6 ~fi 022 19 9 1 Sept. 1 3 25 1 54 7 43 10 56 2 59 8 22 16 48 4 33 9 33 20 37 5 53110 44 22 18 8 46 4 4 55 1 55 7 39 11 40 2 55 8 16 16 49 4 21 9 21 20 39 5 42~10 3322 17 8 35 7 6 27 1 57 7 36 12 24 2 51 8 9 16 49 4 10 9 11 20 40 5 31 10 22 22 16 8 24 10 7 58 1 58 7 32 13 7 2 46 8 2 16 49 3 58 8 59 20 42 5 19 10 10 22 15 8 13 13 9 27 1 59 7 27 13 49 2 42 7 55 16 48 3 46 8 47 20 44 5 8 9 58 22 14 8 1 16:1055 2 1 725 1431 238 749 1647 334 835 2045 457 947 2213 750 19 12 20 2 3 7 22 15 12 2 35 7 44 16 45 3 22 8 23 20 47 4 46 9 36 22 12 7 39 22: 13 43 2 5 7 19 15 52 2 31 7 37 16 43 3 10 8 11 20 49 4 35 9 25 22 11 7 27 25 15 3 2 7 7 17 16 32 2 27 7 32 16 40 2 57 7 58 20 51 4 24 9 14 22 10 7 16 28 16 20 2 9 7 14 17 10 2 24 7 26 16 37 2 45 7 46 20 53 4 13 9 3 22 10 7 4 Oct. 1 17 34 2 11 7 12 17 47 2 20 7 20 16 34 2 32 7 32 20 56 4 2' 8 52 22 9 6 53 4 18 44 2 14 7 10 18 23 2 17 7 14 16 30 2 20 7 20 20 58 3 51 8 41 22 8 6 41 7 19 50 2 16 7 8 18 58 2 13 7 8 16 25 2 7 7 7 21 0 3 40 8 30 22 8 6 30 10 20 52 2 19 7 7 56;1263;475;1278]19 32 2 10 7 3 16 21 1 54 6 54 21 2 3 29 8 19 22 8 6 18 13 21 48 2 22 7 7 20 4 2 7 6 59 16 16 1 41 6 42 21 5 3 19 8 9 22 7 6 7 16 22 40 2 25 7 6 20 35 2 4 6 54 16 10 1 28 6 29 21 7 3 8 7 58 22 7 5 55 19 23 27 2 28 7 6 21 4 2 1 6 49 16 5 1 15 6 16 21 10 2 57 7 47 22 7 5 43 22 24 8 2 31 7 7 21 31 1 59 6 45 15 59 1 2 6 4 21 12 2 47 7 37 22 7 5 32 25 12443 235 7 7 21 57 156 640 1553 048 550 21 14 236 725 22 7 5 20 28 25 12 2 38 7 9 22 21 1 53 6 35 15 46 0 35 5 38 21 17 2 26 7 15 22 7 5 8 Nov. 1 25 42 2 43 7 12 22 50 1 50 6 31 15 38 0 17 5 20 21 20 2 12 7 0 22 7 4 52 4 25 56 2 47 7 14 23 9 ~ 486 27 15 31 E~~. s~u 21 22 2 1 6 50 22 7 4 41 7 126 5 250 717 2327 146 623 15221146 H. 2125 151 638 22 8 429 10 28 6 254 721 2343 1 43 620 151511 32 628 21 27 1 40 627 22 8 417 13:26 2 257 724 2855 141 617 15 911 19 614 21 30 1 30 617 22 8 4 5 16 2551 3 0 728 24 6 139 615 15 211 6 6 1 21 32 119 6 6 22 9 353 19 25 34 3 4 7 54 24 15 1 37 6 12 14 56 10 52 5 46 21 34 1 9 5 56 22 10 3 41 22 2511 3 7 738 2421 135 6 9 14491039 533 2136 059 546 2210 329 25 24 42 3 9 7 41 24 25 1 34 6 8 14 43 10 26 5 20 21 39 0 48 5 35 22 11 3 17 28 1'24 8 312 748 2427 1 32 6 6 14381013 5 6 21 41 038 524 2212 3 5 Dec. 1 2328 314 752 2426 130 6 4 1432 959 452 2143 028 514 2213 252 4 2244 316 757 2422 1 28 6 2 1437 946 439 21 45 018 5 4 2214 240 7:28 55 317 8 1 2416 1 26 6 1 1423 934 427 21 47 0 8 454 2215 228 10`:21 1 318 8 6 24 8 1 25 6 0 1419 921 412 21 ~~l H~. Ri,~.2216 216 13 20 4 319 811 2357 1 23 559 1415 9 8 4 0 21 5011 47jH~ 2217 2 4 16 119 3 319 815 2344 1 21 557 1412 855 346 2152il 361 651 2218 151 19`1759 319 818 2328 119 557 1410 843 334 21 5411 26 641 2219 139 22 16 53 3 18 8 21 23 10 1 18 5 57 14 8 8 30 3 21 2155:11 16 6 31 22 20 1 27 25 15 44 3 17 8 24 22 50 1 16 5 57 14 7 8 18 3 9 21 ~~l'~~ 6 6 21 22 21 1 14 28 14 34 3 16 8 28 22 27 1 14 5 56 14 6 8 6 2 57 2158:10 55 6 10 22 22 1 2 2 H~~~~~~~......... - ~ ~~~~~~~C I --- --- -- ------- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - - C, C- C, 0 C, - ~0 - - - -- ~ - - - - -.- - C,~~ -= 8E~,8- -- 8-= E-b - - - - - - —. - -. - - tt n O t tt -t tt — tt t t t tt dt 4 -~~ ~~ ~ ~~..... -... I I ti 11 Id I 2 I 0 I 0 I I - ASTRONOMICAKL DEPARTMENT. ring when Jupiter is below the horizon, or else in the daytime, or too near the Sun to be visible. Jupiter's Satellites are not visible from March 16th to May 18th, Jupiter being too near the Sun. Before the opposition of Jupiter to the Sun, Nov. 8th, the Immersions and the Emersions happen on the western side of the planet; but after the opposition these phases occur on the eastern side. These eclipses are seen only with the aid of a glass, and if it be an inverting telescope, the positions will be reversed. Im. denotes the immersion or disappearance of the satellite by entering into the shadow of Jupiter, and Em. denotes its reappearance at coming out of the shadow. The eclipses in the table are visible very generally in all the United States, and to find the time of their occurrence at other places than Washington, add the longitude in time when east of Washington and subtract it for places west. See the table of Latitudes and Longitudes. A TABLE SHOWING TIIHE -IOON'S PLACE, OR LONGITUDE, at 7 P.M., Washington mean time. The Constellation, and not the Sign, is given. The degrees given show how far the moon has advanced into the constellation. To find the Sign, add 30'. Jaaua. Februa. Mash. Ape. May. Jaae. Jay. Aaeast. 5t'be Octabe Noc'bee. ncc'bor. January. |February. Con. D. 28 ll 21 13 522 3 27 19 11 2 5 3 25 3l 15 6 9 28 22 10 5 t 22 1 118 s 4 t 1 6 t 13 a 28 25 10 1 3 7 22 19 X 3 I 1 15 1 13 X 27 7 25 T 10 1 7 T 22 1 19 M 5 T 1 18 T 13 II 2 T 26 I 16 10 II 30 23 ~ 15 II 8 e 30 II 22 g 16 7 30 22 Tl 16 7....... 22....... TT 7....... 30 g 22 23 $ 11 14 28 N 30 3 15 4 tt 12 6 lii, 14 31 cli 7........ci 7........ 26........v 12 3 28 tt 27........ci 28 CONSTELLATIONS AND SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC. 4. a Cancer. 7. Libra. 10. ~ Capricornus. 5. Q Leo. 8. al Scorpio. 11. Aquarius. 6. T Virgo. 9. $ Sagittarius. 12. e Pisces. OCCULTATIONS OF REGULUS AND ALDEBARAN. WASHINGTON. SAN FRANCISCO. STAR. Date. Immersion. Emersion. Date. Immersion. Emersion. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. aLeonis (Reillus). Jan. 29 3 50 Mo. 4 56 Mo. Jan. 28 11 50 Ev. 0t 32 Mo. a Tauri (Aldel)aran), Feb. 20* 1 34 Mo. 2 24 Mo. Feb. 19 10 39 Ev. 11 14 Ev. a Leonis (Retgnlus), March 25 2 28 Mo. 3 18 Mo. March 24 10 42 Ev. 11 46 Ev. * This occultation is not visible at Washington. as the star will set at 1 o'clock 21 m. morning, but may be seen in the Western States. As the moon sets in the Eastern States, the star may be seen very close to its eastern edge. t January 29th. 1869.] 19 k .4 M.Y. C.;. D. 24 16 6 18 30 ,= 12 ,= 24 IE, 6 x18 )E 30 T12 T25 ?3 8 621 i:i 4 i:[ 18 ,a, 2 c 15 ,D 29 14 Q28 TIR 12 TT 27 11 25 -at 9 Tit 23 * 6 t19 N3 2 v5 14 N5 26 N.,'b,-,. C... D. TT 12 TT 27 12 =n= 27 Int 11 R * 9 t 22 ,o 5 17 N5 29 ,= 11 = 23 )E 5 x 17 x 29 T 11 T 23 6 6 ?3 IS II I ii 14 n 27 a 10 -- 24 q 8 q 22 TT 6 TT 21 =n: 6 ....... M.,ch. Apil. C... D. C... D. TT9 30 q 20 15 3 =c= 28 16 ,flL 12 2,S flt 24 10 7 22 19 4 1 15 13 27 25 9 7 -,i 19 T 4 80 T 16 )E 12 T 29 )E 24 11 T 7 24 T 19 i:i 8 1 II 21 14 o 5 27 19 11 3 25 18 9 TT 2 24 TT 17 9 2 24 17 9 q I PR 24 q 16 9 T% 28 23 t 11 iTL 7....... J..". C... D. ,= 8 = 20 x 2 )E 14 x 26 T 8 T 21 6 4 ?3 17 1:11 i:L 14 1:1 28 ,a 12 a 26 q 10 Q 25 TT 9 TT 23 7 21 Tq 5 Tk is t 2 t 15 t 27 V3 10 V, 22 ,= 4 16 ,= 28 ....... J.1y. C:. D. 10 x 22 T 4 T 16 T 29 Z3 12 6 26 n 9 iii 23 c 8 a 22 Q 7 s 21 TT 5 TT 20 4 IS q I q 15 ITL 28 t 11 t 23 ,o 6 A5 18 30 ,= 12 ,= 24, )E 6 x IS x 30 T 12 A.g..t. e... D. T 24 6 7 6 20 ii 4 II IS 0 2 a 17 q 1 8 16 TT_Q1 TiR 16 TT 30 14 28 q 12 .HIL t 8 t 20 ,o 3 15 27 ,= 9 -, 21 H 3 )( 14 )i 26 T 8 I, 20 6 3 ?3 15 28 Spt'b.,. C D. 12 11 26 0 10 a 5 Q 19 q 20 .TT lo TT 25 10 24 -nL 8 q 22 t 5 t 17 t 30 85 12 i5 24 ,= 6 ,= 18 ,= 30 x 11 x 23 T 5 T 17 T 29 Z3 12 6 24 II 7 ia 21 a 4 ...... Octob.,. C... D. a 18 q 3 q 18 TT 3 TT 19 4 =n= 19 TIL3 q 17 t 1 -t 14 t 26 9 i5 21 ,= 3 ,= 15 = 27 x 8 x 20 T 2 T 14 T 27 Z5 9 6 21 i[ 4 n 17 iii 30 a 14 ,a 28 Q 12 q 27 D.'b.,. C... D. 20 q 5 TIL 19 * 3 * 17 t 30 A5 13 25 ,= 7 ,= 19 x I )( 13 x 25 T 7 ,r 19 6 2 6 14 6 217 D: 10 i:E 24 0 7 c 21 Q 5 q 1.9 TT 3 TT 17 1 16 30 q 14 q 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 is 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1. r Aries. 2. Tatirtis. 3. i:[ Gemini. THIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. HIGH WATER AT BOSTON, IN BOSTON MEAN TIME. June. July. H. M. H. M. H. H. 4 47 4 49 5 39 5 41 6 28 6 30 7 20 7 24 8 9 8 20 8 58 9 13 9 46 10 6 10 32 10 59 11 19 11 49 Morn. Morn.. 4 37 51 1 28 1 40 218 2 32 3 6 3 24 3 57 4 19 4 53 5 16 5 53 6 18 6 56 7 20 7 56 8 20 8 57, 9 16 9 51 10 9 10 42 11 0 11 27 11 47 Ev. 9 Ev. 31 49 1 16 1 29 1 59 2 8 2 41 2 46 3 23 3 25 4 5 4 6 ....... 4 54 January.!February. Evening. H. M. H. M. 1 55 3 14 2 46 4 4 3 37 5 0 4 30 6 0 5 29 7 0 6 27 8 0 7 30 8 58 8 26 9 49 9 20 10 36 10 11 11 18 10 59 11 55 11 42 Morn. Morn. 34 22 1 11 1 2 1 47 1 41 2 24 2 20 3 2 2 58 3 45 3 39 4 34 4 23 5 30 5 12 6 33 6 6 7 40 7 5 8 47 8 7 9 49 9 9 10 48 10 8 11.38 11 6 Ev. 25 11 57 1 14 Ev. 47....... 1 37....... 2 25....... HIGH WATER AT NEW YORK, IN NEW YORK MEAN TIME. M.y. H. M. Ev. 25 1 20 2 14 3 9 4 2 4 51 5 40 6 24 7 6 7 45 8 24 9 8 9 53 10 36 11 26 Morn. 22 1 22 2 24 3 28 4 29 5 30 6 25 7 15 8 1 8 50 9 37 10 23 11 8 11 56 Ev. 44 gi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2O 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 21 H. M. 133 225 3 14 4 5 4 54 5 44 6 32 7 17 8 0 8 49 9 37 10 24 11 15 Morn. M.-. ' 9 1 6 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 4 6 2 655 743 830 918 10 2 10 41 11 23 Ev. 8 52 ....... [1869. 20 March. April. H. M. ]E. M. 2 2'3 1.3 2 49 4 5 3 38 5 3 4 33 6 4 5 32 7 2 6 32 7 57 7 35 8 49 8 31 9 34 9 22 10 16 10 8 10 56 10 51 11 32 11 27 Morn. Morn. 8 3 46 38 1 27 1 15 2 10 1 54 2 57 2 33 3 49 3 17 4 47. 4 6 5 53 5 5 7 2 6 10 8 9 7 20 9 8 8 28 f0 2 9 30 10 54 10 26 11 40 11 17 Ev. 24 Ev. 2 1 11 48 2 1 I 36 2 49 2 23....... May. August. Sept'ber. H. M. 7 16 8 20 9 24 10 22 11 15 Morn. 2 48 1 37 2 24 3 13 4 6 5 6 6 9 7 15 8 13 9 7 9 54 10 36 11 15 11 50 Ev. 25 I 0 I 37 2 17 2 58 3 46 4 40 5 43 6 51 ....... October. H. M. 7 58 9 3 9 59 10 53 11 40 Morn. 27 I 14 2 3 2 52 3 46 4 43 5 44 6 44 7 41 8 33 9 1 10 1 10 42 11 34 11 55 Ev. 31 I 11 I 52 2 37 3 27 4 23 5 24 6 28 7 36 8 38 '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nov'tbcr. H. M. 9 34 10 27 11 17 Morn. 4 52 1 41 2 32 3 24 4 16 5 11 6 7 7 1 7 51 8 39 9 22 10 4 10 47 11 25 Ev. 6 48 1 34 2 32 3 12 4 5 5 4 6 6 7 8 8 11 9 8 ....... H. M. 3 39 4 33 5 28 6 23 7 17 8 7 8 54 9 38 10 20 11 2 11 42 Morn. 22 I 7 1 55 2 44 3 36 4.35 5 38 6 42 7 45 8 45 9 39 10 30 11 20 Ev. 5 51 1 38 2 25 3 11 3 58 H. M. 5 46 6 43 7 43 8 46 9 45 10 42 11 32 Morn. 22 I 11 1 59 2 46 3 35 4 29 5 29 6 32 7 36 8 38 9 32 10 21 11 6 11 45 Ev. 20 58 1 34 2 10 2 49 3 28 4 15 5 9 6 9 H1. M. 10 2 10 55 11 44 Morn. 38 1 22 2 10 2 57 3 44 4 33 5 22 6 11 7 2 7 52 8 41 9 28 10 14 11 1 11 45 Ev. 32 1 20 2 9 2 57 3 48 4 42 5 41 6 42 7 44 8 46 9 43 10 37 June. October. H. M. 1 42 5 48 6 45 7 37 8 22 9 12 10 0 10 45 11 36 Morn. 32 i 31 2 30 3 30 4 26 5 18 6 5 6 47 7 26 8 0 8 38 9 18 9 57 10 36 11 19 Ev. 12 I 9 2 10 3 14 4 21 5 23 January. H. M. 10 37 11 29 Ev. 23 1 18 2 15 3 13 4 14 5 11 6 6 6 57 7 42 8 24 9 8 9 48 10 25 11 2 11 43 Morn. 25 I 10 1 58 2 52 3 50 4 52 5 55 6 54 7 49 8 40 9 32 10 22 11 8 February. HI. M. 11 59 Ev. 51 1 47 2 46 3 46 4 46 5 43 6 35 7 21 8 1 8 40 9 20 9 57 10 31 11 7 11 47 Morn. 31 1 21 2 16 3 19 4 25 5 32 6 35 7 32 8 20 9 12 10 0 ....... ....... ....... Mareh. April. H. M. 11 58 Ev. 52 1 50 2 50 3 47 4 42 5 34 6 20 7 2 7 40 8 15 8 53 9 33 10 21 10 52 11 41 Morn. 35 1 36 2 39 3 47 4 52 5 54 6 48 7 138 8 22 9 11 9 58 10 43 11 32 ....... July. HE. Ml. 1 38 2 27 3 16 4 9 5 4 5 59 6 52 7 42 8 32 9 23 10 12 11 0 11 51 Morn. 43 1 40 2 38 3 40 4 41 5 42 6 37 7 26 8 10 8 54 9 36 10 15 10 49 11 29 Ev. 10 53 1 41 August. H. M. 2 32 3 29 4 28 5 31 6 31 7 26 8 16 9 8 9 57 10-41 11 29 Morn. 21 I 16 2 15 3 18 4 21 5 22 6 18 7 7 7 47 8 26 9 6 9 43 10 19 10 52 11 31 Ev. 14 1 2 2 55 2 55 Sept'ber. H. M. 4 1 5 5 6 10 7 8 7 57 8 47 9 35 10 21 11 7 11 58 Morn. 53 1 53 2 55 3 59 4 57 5 52 6 40 7 21 7 57 8 33 9 11 9 46 10 22 10 59 11 43 Ev. 32 1 27 2 29 3 37 ....... Nov'ber. Hf. M. 6 20 7 12 7 59 8 49 9 38 10 24 11 15 Morn. 9 I 3 1 57 2 53 3 46 4 35 5 25 6 8 6 50 7 31 8 8 8 51 9 34 10 19 11 4 11 57 Ev. 52 1 51 2 52 3 55 4 55 5 53 ....... Dec'ber. H. M. 6 48 7 39 8 27 9 20 10 8 10 52 11 41 Morn. 30 1 20 2 7 2 57 3 47 4 37 5 26 6 13 7 0 7 44 8 29 9 19 10 6 10 50 11 41 Ev. 34 1 29 2 27 3 28 4 29 5 31 6 29 7 22 H. M. 10 44 11 32 Ev. 24 1 20 2 18 3 20 4 20 5 16 6 8 6 54 7 35 8 10 8 48 9 24 10 1 10 38 11 15 Morn. 2 53 1 52 2 57 4 5 5 13 6 16 7 12 7 59 8 47 9 34 10 21 11 6 ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. IIIGHII WATER AT PHILADELPHIIIA, IN PHIILADELPHIA MEAN TIME. Ma rc.h. April. H. MH. H. I. M 3 59 5 12 4 47 5 59 5 35 6 50 6 23 7 46 7 17 8 45 8 16 9 43 9 20 10 36 10 18 11 26 11 13 Ev. 11 Evr. 2 50 45 1 25 1 21 2 3 2 0 2 43 2 35 3 25 3 12 4 8 3 51 4 56 4 32 5 45 5 15 6 37 6 0 7 36 6 52 8.45 7 52 9 53 9 4 10 57 10 15 11 56 11 22 Morn. Morn. 49 21 1 32 1 11 2 21 1 57 3 9 2 46 3 58 3 34 4 47 4 22....... 30 3 34.........3 34 4 47 5 10 5 59 6 0 6 55 8 33 9 21 10 57 11 36 31 4 24.........4 22.........5 53.........6 42 7 51........10 25.......Ev. 32 HIGH WATER AT SAN FRANCISCO, IN SAN FRANCISCO MEAN TIME. Junonoy. Foboonoy. Murob. Apofl. May. Junr. July. Angorl. SrpO'brr. Ooboboo. Noo'boo. Dro'brr. March... HI. M%. 27 3 22 4 24 5 32 6 35 7 37 8 37 9 28 10 14 10 52 11 27 12 0 Morn. 35 I 8 1 42 2 19 3 2 3 57 5 1 6 9 7 13 8 22 9 2:,, 10 19 11 7 11 48 Ev. 34 18 2 1 2 51 January. H. M. 2 20 3 17 4 23 5 29 6 32 7 31 8 31 9 23 10 12 10 54 11 33 Morn. 15 53 1 30 2 7 2 47 3 34 4 25 5 20 6 16 7 9 8 8 9 7 10 2 10 52 11 39 Ev. 28 1 17 2 3 2 53 February. H. M. 3 53 4 59 6 3 7 3 8 4 9 2 9 52 10 36 11 15 11 50 Morn. 28 1 4 1 38 2 13 2 52 3 39 4 36 5 33 6 33 7 37 8 42 9 42 10 36 11 24 Ev. 11 57 1 41 ....... ....... June. H. M. 5 47 6 42 7 32 8 22 9 10 9 52 10 33 11 12 11 50 Morn. 36 1 20 2 7 3 1 4 5 5 15 6 20 7 22 8 22 9 19 10 8 10 52 11 34 Ev. 20 1 2 1 43' 2 24 3 10 4 4 5 0 31 2 53.........2 51.........4 52.........5 56 7 12.........9 84........11 16~~~~~~~ I 1869.] 21 x 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 J.... 111. 31. 352 4 45 534 622 714 8 9 912 10 13 11 11 Ev. 5 53 135 217 259 340 418 458 536 615 658 ,48 848 953 10 58 2 59 150 244 334 42,4 Fb,...T. H. M. 5 12 15 58 6 48 7 42 8 44 9 4 -i 10 45 11 42 Ev. 31 .1 12 1 51 2 30 3 8 3 45 4 23 5 1 5 42 6 2,4 7 15 8 16 9 25 10 11 42 M.,.. 42 1 31 2 22 3 11 ....... ....... ....... N.Y. 111. M. 5 36 6 23 7 13 8 5 9 1 9 52 10 42 -11 30 Ev. 15 56 1 35 2 19 3 4 3 52 4 42 5 33 6 25 7 21 8 2,5 9 30 10 32 11 31 M.,.. 2o' 1 12 2 0 2 48 3 36 4 24 5 10 5 53 J.1y. H. ivi. 6 40 7 23 8 12 9 9 10 6 11 3 12 0 Ev. 53 1 43 2 35 3 26 4 16 5 5 5 51 6 41 7 34 8 38 9 42 10 44 11 44 M.,.. 36 1 , 1 2 4 2 47 3 28 4 5 4 45 5 22 6 0 6 42 A.g..t. H. X. 7 28 8 27 9 28 10 33 11 38 Ev. 37 1 25 2 19 3 8 3 56 4 45 5 82 6 21 7 14 8 14 9 21 10 1,4 11 24 M.,.. 16 59 1 37 2 16 2 54 3 32 4 8 4 46 5 26 6 8 (; 55 7 51 pt'b.,. H. M. .9 0 10 6 11 15 Ev. 17 1 9 1 59 2 45 3 34 4 23 5 11 6 0 6 53 7 51 8 58 9 59 10 56 11 47. M.-. 31 1 9 1 44 2 21 2 57 3 35 4 15 4 57 5 42 6 30 7 26 8 33 O.Wb,. H. M. .9 44 10 51 11 53 Ev. 47 1 33 2 22 3 11 4 0 4 51 5 42 6 -33 7 27 8 27 9 26 10 10 11 10 11 55 M.,.. 36 1 1.2 1 49 1 2 28 3 8 3 50 4 35 5 24 6 14 7 9 8 10 9 21 10 25 N.,,'b.,. H. M. 11 26 Ev. 21 1 10 1 59 2 49 3 39 4 31 5 21 6 9 6 57 7 49 8 44 9 37 10 26 11 13 11 58 M... 41 1 19 2 1 2 45 3 32 4 20 5 11 5 59 6 51 7 48 8 52 9 57 10 57 D,,e'b,. H. 31. 11 56 Ev. 50 1 38 2 30 3 20 4 8 4 50 5 41 6 22 7 7 7 54 8 45 9 38 10 29 11 19 M... 9 55 1 39 2 29 3 18 4 6 4 56 5 44 6 32 7 24 8 25 9 30 10 33 11 36 Ev. 32 H. M. 6 36 7 22 8 10 9 4 9 55 10 47 11 39 Ev. 27 1 12 1 59 2 48 3 39 4 31 5 21 6 11 7 3 8 0 9 4 10 6 11 7 M.".. 3 54 1 40 2 28 3 13 3 56 4 39 5 20 5 59 .4 PI 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1.5 16 17 is 19 20 21 22 23 24 215 26 27 28 29 30 31 Ap,il. H. M. 3 51 5 0 6 7 7 7 8 5 8 58 9 44 10 23 10 58 11 28 M... 5 41 1 15 1 54 2 36 3 32 4 42 5 48 6 56 8 5 9 8 10 1 10 47 11 30 Ev. 13 55 1 40 2 26 3 20 .M.Y. H. 31. 425 532 631 727 819 9 8 949 10 27 11 2 11 36 M... 15 51 135 220 314 422 534 640 746 846 940 10 27 11 10 11 51 Ev. 37 1 20 2 4 253 348 452 J.1y. H. M. 5 53 6 43 7 34 8 26 9 19 10 5 10 51 11 33 M.,.. 23 1 7 1 54 .244 3 43 1451 5 55 6 55 .759 8 57 9 51 10 38 11 19 12 0 Ev. 42 1 18 1 55 2 34 3 17 4 6 5 1 5 56 A.g..,. H. M. 6 41,) 7 47 8 45 9 41 10 33 11 18 M.,.. 5 53 1 39 2 24 3 17 4 21 5 29 6 32 7 36 8 38 9 33 10 21 11 3 11 39 Ev. 17 54 1 27 2 0 2 36 3 19 4 12 5 12 6 13 7 12 , Spt'b,. H. M. 8 17 9- 20 10 15 11 4 11 47 M... 34 1 18 2 3 2 52 3 50 5 1 6 10 7 12 8 16 9 13 10 0 10 41 11 15 11 47 Ev. 24 55 1 2 9 2 3 2 43 3 34 4 38 5 40 C, 46 7 54 ....... Ot.b,,. IFI. M. 9 0 9 56 10 45 11 29 M.,.. 13 56 1 41 2 28 3 26 4 34 5 44 6 47 7 48 8 43 9 30 10 11 10 46 11 19 11 50 Ev. 26 1 2 1 38 2 is 3 6 4 9 5 19 6 27 7 32 8 38 9 34 D.'b.,,. ir. M. 10 23 11 8 11 49 M.,.. 36 1 21 2 8 3 1 4 5 5 13 6 15 7 10 8 4 8 52 9 35 10 14 10 49 11 23 11 58 Ev. 38 1 is 2 0 2 49 3 49 5 0 6 8 7 9 8 12 9 11 10 1 ....... H. M. 10 47 11 30 M.-. 18 1 4 1 49 2 36 3 32 4 32 5 32 6 25 7 15 8 5 8 53 9 37 10 18 10 56 11 35 Ev. 19 1 3 1 47 2 34 3 32 4 41 5 43 6 44 7 46 8 46 9 41 10 31 11 16 22 TIlE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. JANUARY, 1869. MEAN TIME OF SUN-BISE AND SUN-SET; FOB SUN S UFFEB LIMB. A~g B1~h Ch~~1~~~~. N O~~~,. S P~I~Jd. Th~ N Y~k. D~y ~ AL~~. Pb~I~d~pbi~. B~ti~~~. S~~~~~~h. M~il~. F~~~,~~. O~g~~. Ch~~~. I~d~&amp;~~p~i~. St. L~~~. II~~phi~. th ___________ ___________I Vi~k,b~g. T~~~. E~h~t~d. `I Wttk. SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN Ri~,. S~t~. Rit,,. Stt~. Bi,,~. Stt,. Ri,~. S~~. Ei,~,. S,t~. Bit~~.' S~t~. Bit,,. Sti,. iRit,,. 5,1,. lit. it. it. I it. it. it. it. it. it. it. it. it.,, it. 1T24444 T19I4it~4it9`T10455 `1F4. I Tit3it~:T3it.2 7it3it614it3it8; it it. itIit~ it 7 45 4 657511 716453 2' Sat. T 36433 7301439 1724445 719450 710459 17 4j5 5 657512 7164 54 3'Sun. 736434 7301440 7241446 IT 194 51 71050:7 45 6 65715r2:716455 7 30j4 41:7 ~:~ ~~ 7 19'4 52 7 10 5 1 7 45 7 6 58 5 13 7 16 4 56 45!T~\Wt 77 %611t3i35 730:442`724;448:719453 17105 2 17 45 8 658514 7164 57 6 IVod. 7361~37 730443 1741449 1:719454 73915 2 7 45 S: 655514 7164 58 I7~:450:7191455171015 3 ~ ~I~ 9:658515:7 16i4 59 7Th. 735:4&amp;~ ~~~44 51 719456 IT 105 4:T 4510 6581516' T 1614 59 8Fri. 7351439: 730445 117 ~!`~ 9 Sat. T 35i~ 401 T 30 4 46 T 24,4 52 j7 19 4 57 IT 10 5 5 T 4 5 11 6 ssls 17 T 15 5 0 10 Sun. 7351441 729447 l~ 241453 l~ 19458 171015 6 7 4512 65815 lSl 7155 1 filMom 7341442 729448 723:454,71845917105 7'! 4512,16 &amp;~`5 18171515 2 12 To. 7 34l~ 43729449 7214 ~5 7185 0 17 95 81 45 tI 6585191 7155 3 l3Wod. 7341445 728450 7 2sI4 56 7185 1 17 95 9:7 4514 658520' 71515 4 14Th. 7331446 728451 1722457 7175 2 17 ~:~~~ 17 4515 6585211 7145 5 15 Fri. 731447 7271453 l~ 22458 7175 3 i~ 8I'5 11 17 3516 65752211 7145 6 l6Sat. 732448 72714541722:459 7175 417 8512:7 3517 657:52317145 8 171Sun. 731450 72645517215 0 7165 517 851317 3518 657152317145 9 18 Moo. 731451 726456 17215 1 7 161,5 6 17 71534 17 2519 6575241 7 tIS 10 19 To. 730:452 7254587205 3 715:5 7 7 751517 252t) 657525:713511 20i~Thd. 7291453 724459 1:7191,5 4,73415 8 17 71516 17 21521 6565261 7125 12 211Th. 7291455 723:5 0 17185 5 7 14,5 917 61,5 17 17 1 5 22 6 565 271 7 125 13 `22iFri 7281456 72~I5 ~1 17185 6 71351017 6:51817 1523 656528:711514 ~ls~t 7271457 72215 3 1,71715 8 7121512 17 55 19',7 0524 6555291 7115 15 241Sun. 7261459 7215 417165 9 71251317 5520'7 0525 655,530 710516 25:1Moo. 72515 0 720'S 511715510:7ili514:7 41521 17 0526 655531 7 915 17 261To. 724:5 1 72015 61,715511 739,53~17 41522 16591527:65453217 85 18 27i~V&amp;d.1723:5 3 71915 7 1714512`710,516 17 35231:659,528! 6.54533! 7 75 19 28,Th. 172215 4 ~~~1~ 9i17t5513 7 9517'7 2524 658529' 653534: 7520 `65815301 I 29'Fn. 72315 6 7r1S~10 i712StS~17 S'S 19 1:7 2525, 653535' 65 22 30 ~at 7 20~5 7 7 16,.~ 11 17 125 16:7 ~l~ 20:7 1 5 26 ~6 575 31 6 52,5361 7 sls ~ 35iSuA. 171915 8 7tS'5t3 17il517 17 752117 01527165653216521537I7 4,524 LENGTB AND INCREASE OF DAYS. I Ait5it,tit.` Bittit. Ni Ytik,. witibitlitit. Eitiii1h.` Chitilititit. Ni liltititi. Sit,, I Fot;titiittitit.d II cA~ii:t; Ptith~t7Jti,iitPhiti~: B51tiir,ti,:: N~it~ithtpi~It~:v5,it'~'tTh'i1 B~itbttiti:; ~\`t'iit"~it'~' ____- I~T ~,,,, Lib. lit,,. Lib. lit,,. Lib. lit. L~h. lit,i. Lith. lit,,. I _______ L ib. It,,. L ib. Uth. - lit. it. it.,,.`it. it.',, it. it. it. it. it. it. it. it. it. it. it. lit. it. it. it.: it. it. it. it. it. it. it. it. it. it. 1 i~~~~ 4 9180 5 92010 4 930:0 4 949,',0 4 10 210 2 101410 1 937,0 4 3,8 580 6, 9 2)0 6 9 220 5 9 3310 5 9 50,0 5 10 3:0 3 10 150 2 9 39,0 6 9 90 91 921',0 8 923'0 7 9~9319 61 95210 7 10 4'0 4 1016'0 3: ~~l~ 8 9 2011 923,010 9250 9 9350 8 95310 9 10 ~I~s 10170 4 943010 9 i~ 5014 9251012 927011 937010 955011 10 7'0 7 1019'0 6 9451012 11 i~ 8017 928015 930,014 940013 957013 10 90 9 102110 8 947,014 9311017 9~%5t1'0o1~6~ 9421015 10 0:OtS lOillOil 1023010 9491016 934,020 945935139 2.0171 1013:013 1025 171918027 9381023 93910221 9481021110 5020,1016,015 102700}421 9955521001229 1919220.31 942027 943:0281 952,025:10 5993' 1018017 1029016 958,1025 21`9 260 35 9 45.0 30 9 ~!~ 291: 9 55,0 281,10 11 0 2Thl 10 2110 20`10 35 0 18 10 10 28 I 10 I I 23193103919490341 950:0321 959032, 140 29~ 1023022 1033020 10 41031 25,',935044 9531038 954036:10 2',035' 101703211026024 1035022 10 8935 27ii940~048 957042 9581,040 l~~ 5i0~I 102003511029027 1038025 1012,039 ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. JANUARY, First Month. MEAN TIME OF MOON S RISING AND SETTING. Boston.. N. York. Wash'tn. I i. aleig.'stn. N. Or'ls. S Albany. Philad'I. Balti.m'e. svnill. Ia.n'h. Mobfe. Chicago. Ind'polis. St. Louis. Memp's. Vicksb'g. Texas. Fr'ncis~o | WASHINGTON MIERIDIAN. '~ d4- Sidereal Sun at, Moon in ~ ~ Noon. Noon Mark. Meridian. A n Day. Evening. Morning,. -. Mesi. R. 1}. Y. F. Rss M. 1 1 18.6 514 12 4 4 2 40 2 2 19.6 5 10 12 4 3 3 37 3 3 20.6 5 6 12 5 0 4 31 4 4 21.6 5 2 12 5 27 5 22 5 5 122. 6 4 58 12 5 54 6 13 6 6 23.6 4 54 12 6 20 7 2 7 7 24.6 4 50 12 6 46 7 52 8 8 25.6 446 12 711 841 9 9 26.6 442 12 736 932 10 10 27.6 4 38 12 8 1 10 23 1111 1.286 434 12 8 24 11 14 12 12 29.6 4 30 12 8 48 Be,. 4 1313 0.9 4 26 12 9 10 53 14 14 1.9 4 22 12 9 32 1 40 15 151 2.9 419 12 953 2 25 16 161 3.9 415 121014 3 8 17 171 4.9 411 121033 351 18 181 5.9 4 7 12 10 52 4 33 19 19 i 6.9 4 3 12 11 11 5 15 20 20 7.9 3 59 12 11 25 5 59 21 21 8.9 3 55 12 11 45 6 44 22 22 9.9 3 51 12 12 1 7 33 23 23 10.9 3 47 12 12 16 8 25 24 24 11.9 343 121230. 921 25 25 12.9 3 39 112 441 10 20 26 2613.9 3 35 12 12 56! 11 21 27 27 14.9 331 1213 8 Morn. 2828 115.9 327 121319 22 29 29, 16.9i 324 121329 1 22 30 1 17.9! 3 20 12 13 39 2 19 1 31 18.9!,3 16 121347 3 14 MOON S SAN PHASES &c. WASHINGTON. FRANCISCO. SITUATION OF THE PLANETS. PHASES, & ~~FRANCISCO. D. H. M. D. R~. ~. Last Quarter..... 5 1 15 Mo. 4 1 114 Ev. Venus in Scorpio until the 17th, then in t. ew Moon....... 12 1 45 Ev. 12 10 44 Mo. Mars in Leo all the month. First Quarter.....20 7 18 Ev. 20 4 17 Ev. Jupiter in Pisces all the month. Full Moon.......27 8 22 Ev. 27 5 21 Ev. Saturn in Scorpio all the month. Moon in Apogee.. 16 0.8 Ev. 16 9.8 Mo. Uranus in Gemini all the month. Moon in Perigee.. 128 8.1 Ev. 28 5.1 Ev. Venus and Saturn nearest together on the 2d MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT. Washington. Raleigh. hretn Baltimore. IP Nashville S.avannah. St. Lou pis. Vicksburg. chien~~s. Indisan RieMemohis Begins. | Ends. B egins Ends. Begins. Ends. n.nM. n. ]. M. IH. H. | M. 5 43 6 25 i 5 3916 29 5 35 6 33 5 446 28 i 5 4.0 6 32 5 37;6 35 3 5 4' 66 32 5 41 696 5 37 639 5 446 36 5 41 6 40! 5 386 43 45 43 6 41 5 40 6 44 6 37 6 47 5 4 0 6 46 5 5 37.6 49 5 3565 6 56 5 3556 52| 5 34i6 54 5 32i6 56 i I i - i i i I .1 I I 1869.] '13 9 47 10 57 1 13 2 20 3 21 4 28 5 24 6 22 S,t.,' 5 55 6 53 7 51 8 48 9 47 10 44 11 42 43 1 43 2 45 3 49 4 54 R,.,. 4 58 6 12 7 26 8 41 9 52 ni.". 9 48 10 57 M.,. 1 12 2 18 3 2 4 20 5 21 6 18 5 52 6 50 7 54 8 50 9 48 10 44 114 M. 41 1 41 2 42 3 46 4 Ri? 5 1 6 15 7 28 8 41 9 52 Ri... , z) 9 50 10 58 1 11 2 16 3 19 4 21 5 17 6 14 S t,, 6 2 6 59 7 56 8 52 9 49 -10 44 11 40 M.,.. 40 1 38 2 39 3 42 4 45 ni-.. 5 5 6 IS 7 30 8 43 9 52 Ri... 9 52 10 59 1 9 2 14 3 16 4 17 5 13 6 9 s.t". 6 7 7 2 7 59 8 53 9 41.) 10 44 11 40 M... 38 1 36 2 35 3 38 4 41 5 10 6 21 7 33 8 44 .9 53 ni.... 'S11 i 9 55 it 0 M.". 1 7 2 10 3 11 4 11 5 6 1 2 S.,.. 6 13 7 8 8 3 8 56 9 51 10 45 11 38 M.,.. 35 1 32 2 30 3 31 4 34 ni.... 5 16 6 26 7 36 8 46 9 53 9 57 11 1 M.,. 1 5 4. 7 3 6 4 5 5 1 -5 55 S.,.' 6 19 7 13 8 7 8 59 9 52 10 4 11 37 M.,.. 33 1 28 2 25 3 25 4 27 Ri"".. 5 22 6 31 7'3.9 8 47 9 53 Ri.. , E4 10 0 . 11 2 M.,. 1 3 2 3 3 1 3 59 4 54 5 48 6 25 7 18 8 11 9 2 9 54 10 45 11 36 M.,.. 30 1 24 2 20 3 19 4 20 Ri... 5 219 6 96 7 4.3 8 49 9 53 Ri,... .. Ei 8 9 59 11 5 M.,i 1 14 2 18 3 20 4 21 5 17 6 13 Bt.' 6 15 7 10 8 6 9 0 , 9 56 10 51 11 45 M.,.. 43 1 40 2 39 3 41' . 4 44 R.. 5 18 .6 29 7 40 8 50 9 59 A.g.,t.. B.t.. N,5" y'k. P.,tl..d. Alb..y Phil.dlphi.. 0,g... Chie,.g.. I.di... pli. BDgi.!,., E.d.. Bgi... I.E.d,,. B,,i... E.d. 1 5 512 6 16 5 48'6 20 5 46 6 22 6 5 5'-) 6 21 5 48'6 24 5 46 6 26 11 5 51 6 26 5 48 6, 2.9 5 47,6 30 16 5.50 6 31 5 4816 3.3 5 46 6'A 21 5 47 6 36, 5 486 37 5 446 3.9 2j6 5 446 42 5 4:,)'6 43 5 42'. 6 44 31 5 40,6'48 5 39,6 49 5 38,6 50 s," Rich...d. B,,gi..,. E.d. 5 4i 6'i 5 43 6 29 5 43 6 31 5 43 6 38 5 42 6 42 5 40 6 47 5 36 6 52 N.;O,I.... i =. - IB,-gi... E.d.. i i11I j5 !.3i 61lql;5',3.316.39 534 6 42 ;534 6 47 i533 i'6 51 532! 6 54 i530116'58 I zo 10 I D= CID IC -- *. ~.- * 0 c; I 3=O:i O *uJ. S-(l' L - -- ~ ~~ -1 - - - - - - - - - - - -- Z;4 .6 P. A 0 w w 0 4 94 z rz 0E. z .411 ------------ vv ;t ~ 80 ~~ 000 ~~~~. 0~P Co... 0 0CoCo ~~.~~~ ~~ ~~ 4 * ~~~~~~~ * ____ -~~~~~~~~~~~~~J,C( 0- ______ 0 - . Co Co.CoCoCoCo Co Co- 0 - Co . 00 - m _____ Co * Co0CoCoCo Co Co00000 _ CoCo Co * CoCoCoCo. Co _____ CoCo CoCoCo Co' _ CoCoCo. CoCos CoCoCoCoCo 0 *CoCoCo - Co CoCoCo - CoCo-, 00000 N Co - 0 ___________ Co * Co CoCo - -Co CoCoCoCoCoCo m 0 CoCoCo0Co CoCo. N - - 000,00 CoCoCoCo -0 CoCo -,;, Co CoCoCoCoCo - -. I CoCoCo0 0 0 - N CoCoCoCoCoCoCo - CoCoCo CoCo CoCoCoCoCoCo *:::o0'0J ______ - N CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCo:: 0fj,b Co -Co —CoCo —CoCoCo —CoCo-CoCo 0 0 - 0 _______ ___ -Co —Co-Co — 0 N 0 __ _____ __ ___ Ow 00 - 0 -*AJ01 - 00 CoCoCoCoCoCoCo 0 ______ _______ ______ 0*-00 ________ Co - —- —- ul0.-00 Co *04 J Co-Co —Co-Co — *q;uoJo~ Co0CoOCo * CT I.1 11 4 r-', ;4 . 4 'R 0 'R r. C, z 0 4 - I -3 9' 4 It. r..5 IL.=, . Iz P- t, .t -- Z ,= e t., I It - z R i 6 El El F4 A 0 I P4 x 0 0 A N 0 rA E. ;4 P4 x 4;; ',. r —, ;4 . 4 -'I -s =:6 . 5,4 . 11.2 .'A 9 g k .,. m zEl, p. .!2 j -8 . I ;, "I. I?. - 1. p,, r = I 18. I 9 9 2 E-1 PI 0 P4 N A 0 0 pq m N 0 pq Ex P4 x pq P4 p, P4 A 14 "I C) 0 0 P4 E —, a) $4 Id r. 0 8 M. pq r4 r', w9 A 0 0El 4 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MARCH, 1869. MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET; FOR SUNIS UPPER LIMB. Augaeta. Boebee. Ne Tack. Waehiagboa. Raleigh. Chaeleelea. Ne Ocleans. Saa ICharleston. Savannah. Vicksburg. S SSUN Rises. es H H. M. H. M. 56 28 5 58 6 27 5 58 6 26 5 59 6 45 6 0 6; 24 6; 1 t; 23 6 1 6 22 6 2 6 21 6 3 6 20 6 3 6 196 4 6176 5 6 166 6 6 146 6 6 136 7 6116 8 6 10 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 86 10 6 66 11 6 56 11 6 36 12 6 26 13 6 1'614 5 59 6 14 5 58 6 15 5 56 6 16 5 55 6 16 5 54 6 17 5 53 6 18 5 52 6 18 5 50ol 19 ;:I Augusta. Day of Oeol the Week. SUN Rises. goSets. - Ro H. M.. Ri|s SH.e RM..So ies oe 1 Mol. 6 3715 483 2Tu. 6 35i5 49 3]Wed. 6 33;5 51 4Th. 6 32i5 52 5 Fri. 6 3055 5 53 61 Sat. 6 285 53 7 Sun. 6 26G5 56 81Mon. 6 25,5 57 9I TU. 6 23 5 59 10 Wed. 6 2116 0 11 Th. 6 1916 1 12 Fri. 61716 2 13 Sat. 61616 4 14 Sun. 6146 56 15 Moil. 6 16 6 16 Tu. 6 10 6 7 17 Wed. 6 8i6 9 IS8Th.'6; 6~6101 19 Fri. 6 5i6 11 20 Sat. 6 316 12 211Sun. 6 1 16 13 6 22 Mon. i 5591 6 15 23iTu. 5 57 6 16 24 Wed. 55516 17 25 Th. 5 5416 18 6 26iFri. 5 5216 20 27 Sat. 50 i6 21 285Sun. 54816 2 52 29Mon. 5 4625 6 23 30oiTu. 5 4516 24 31iWed. 5 4316 261 30,3n 54516241546624 548622 5496211550619 552618552618 547622 3llWed 54316261544625 546623 5'4i622 549620 550619550618 5466 22 LENGTH AND INCREASE OF DAYS. j Waslington. Raleighl. Charlestown. N AB al timore. Nashville. Savannah. o 1t. Louis. Memphis. Vickhburg. |L'th. I.ncr. L'th, Incr. L'th. Incr. H. a. a. a. a a. a. a~|. M. a. a. R. cc.'H. M. H. M.H H. M. H.H S.a.a 3' 20 1'54 2118, 113. 1.31 2 1 59 11 21 47 11 33 1 34 5 4 10 2.4 1 41 5 11 34!3 52 4 2711 38 11 35 2 9 11 3811 56i 11 4011 41 11 40 2 14 11 42 2 0 11 4411 45: 411 45 2 19 11 472 5 11 4811 49 13 50 2 24 1 5 11 0 521 53 4 3 1 2 129 11 56. 2 4 11 57 2 15 611 57: 12 0 2 34 12 0 2 18 12 012 1: 12 5 2 39 12 5 2 23 12,512 6 12 102 44 12 9 2 27 12 9l2 10 12 15 2 49 1214! 32 12 131214 4 12 20 2 54 12 18 2 36 12172 18 1225 259 2341 122 3224 1 2 22 22 12 3 0'3 4 12 272 4) 12 25 i 226 1 12 35i3 9 112 32i2 50 112 29ii2 30: Augusta. |, 1oston Portland. i Albany. i Oregon. Chicago. L'th. I Inc. L'th. I I.. H. M. Nr. M. |H- M.;, H. M. '11 112 20 i11 14i2 10 11 17 2 26 111 20',2 16 11 24 2 321 11 26 j2 222 11 30 2 38 11 3212 28 11 36i2 44 11 3712 33 11 42!;2 51I 143f12 39 11 48!2 57 1 11 4812 44 11 54!3 3115412 50 12 O! 3 9,12 012 56 12 6!I3 15112 613 2 112 13!3 21 1i 121 3 8 12 19 3 271112 18i3 14 1'2 25'3 342 24 3 20 12 31 3 40112 3013 26 12 37 3 461112 35,3 31 12 43 3 52!12 4113 37 2337 123513 9 11232250111229,230 1228213,12363 3 16 I i I I i I i I I I I 26 11869. SUN 6 30;5 56 6 295 56 6 28 5 57 6 26 5 58 6 25 5 59 6 24 6 0 6 23 6 1 6 22 6 2 6 20 6 2 6 19 6 3 6 18 6 4 6 16 6 5 6 15 6 6 6 13 6 7 6 12 6 8 6 10 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 10 6 6 6 11 6 4 6 11 6 3 6 12 6 2.6 13 6 1 6 14 5 5916 15 5 57 6 16 5 56.6 17 5 55 6 17 5 54 6 IS 5 52i6 19 5 5Oi6 19 5 4916 20 B.t... Alb..y. Chi..g.. SUN Ri... I &t.. g. 3.6. lo. 6 6 34 i5 51 6 33 5 52 6 31 5 54 6 29 5 55 6 28 5 56 6 26 5 58 6 25 5 59 6 23 6 0 6 21 6 1 6 19 6 2 6 17 6 3 6 16 6 4 6 14 6 6 6 12 6 7 6 10 6 8 6 9 6 9 6 7 6 10 6 5 6 11 6 316 12 6 2i6 14 6 016 15 5 59 6 16 5 5-, (,' 17 5.55 i 6 19 5 536 20 5 52 6 21 5 50 6 22 5 48 6 23 5 46 6 24 5 44 6 25 N,,, Y.k. Phil.dlphi.. I.di... pli,,. SUN Ri.,,.. St.. 63215 53 631 5 54 62915 55 6285.1,6 62715 57 6'255 59 624.6 0 622 6 1 620 6 2 61816 3 6166 4 6156 5 613! 6 6 612 6 7 610 6 8 6 96 9 6 716 10 6 5:6 1 1 6 36 12 6 26 13 6 116 14 6 O6 15 58 6 16 55616 17 55416 18 553 6 19 5526 20 550'6 21 548'6 22 5461(i 23 SUN Ri,,,, 6 335 53 6 31 5 54 6 30 5 56 28!5 56 6 27 5 57 6 26 5 58 6 24 559 6 23 6 0 6 21 6 1 6 19 6 2 6 18 6 3 6 16 6 4 6 15 6 5 6 13 6 6 6 12 6 7 6 10 6 8 6 9 6 9 6 7 6 10 6 5 6 11 6 3 6 12 6 2 6 13 6 1 6 14 6 0 6 15 5 58 6 16 5 56 6 17 5 55 6 18 5 54 6 19 5 53 6 20 5 51 6 20 5 49 6 21 5 47 6 22 SUN 6 26 (i 6 2516 0 6 24 6 1 6 23 6 2 6 22 6 3 6 21 6 3 6 20 6 4 6 19 6 5 6 18 6 5 6 16 6 6 6 15 6 7 6 14 6 7 6 13 6 8 6 12 6 9 6 10 6 9 6 9 6 10 6 8 6 10 6 7 6 11 6 6 6 11 6 5 6 12 6 3 6 12 6 2 6 13 6 1 6 14 5 59 614 5 58 6 15 5 56 6 16 5 55 6 16 5 54 6 17 5 53 6 17 5 52 6 IS 5 5016 181 Rich-.d. SUN' Rill" I'll, 6 31 5 54 6 30 5 55 6 28 5 57 6 27 5 58 6 25 5 58 6 24 5 59 6 22 6 1 6 20 6 2 6 19 6 2 6 18 6 3 6 16 6 5 6 14 6 6 6 13 6 6 6 11 6 7 6 10 6 8 6 9 6 9 6 7 6 10 6 5 6 11 6 4 6 12 6 2 6 12 6 1 6 13 5 59 6 14 5 57 6 16 5 55 6 17 5 54 6 17 5 52 6 18 5 51 6 19 5 50 6 20 5 48.6 21 5 47 6 22 5 46 6 22 N.; 0,1,!..r,. 1 S.. .bil L'th. I.c,. L'th.. I 5 0 11 37 1 24 11 2.911 56 11 41 1 28 11 33! 2 0 1 1 4411 31 1 1 3910.2 6 1 1 47 1 341 1 1 4312 10 1 1 51 1 38 1 1 49 2 1 6 1 1 55 1 42i 1 1 53 2 20 1 1 59 1 46, 1 1 58 2 2,5 1 2 2 1 49 12 3 2 30 12 5 1 52 12 8 2 35 1 2 9 1 56 12 12; 2 39 12 13,2 0 12 1912 46 12 1712 4 112 23; 2 50 1 2 2112 8]1;12 282 55 1 2 24 II 211 1'12 33 3 0 12 28! 2 15 3613 3 N,, Y.,k P'hil.dlphi.. I.di...p.li.,. L'lh. 1., 11 17i2 2 11 23i2 8 11 2,812 13 11 3412 19 11 39 2 24 11 44 2 29 11 49 2 34 11 55i2 40 12 0,2 45 12 6 2 51 12 11 2 56 12 16 3 1 12 22 3 7 12 27 3 12 12 32 3 17 112 38 3 23 I I 4 1 3 5 7 9 11 l 1;) 1 7 19 21 2:3 1 2,-, 1 27 ;z 31 1869.] ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. 27 MARCH, Third Month. WASHINGTON MERIDIAN. MEAN TIME O~ MOON'S RISING AND SETTING. Sid~~ S~ A~g~~t~. B~t~~. N. T~~. W~~h~G. R~d1h. Ch~~~I~~. N. O~~1~. N~~. N~ M~k. M,fldi~~. P~~~~~d. ATh~~y. IhI~~~. B~ti~~~. N~~h~'ffl~. S~~~~h. M~~1~. O~I~~. Cbi~~~. I~d~p~~. St. L~~,. M~~p~t. Vi~~~1. T~~. It It D~ E~~~g. M~~~1. Ri,~,. Ri,~,. Ei~,,. Ri,~,. Ri~,. Ri~~,. R~~~~. Ri~~,,. Ii 60 18.1 1 22 12 12 27 2 47 9 55 9 53 9 52 9 50 9 48 9 46 9 43 9 55 2 61 19.1 1 18 12 12 bI 3 40 11 5 11 3 11 1 10 58 10 55 10 50 10 46 11 2 3 62 20.1 1 14 12 12 2 4 32 M~~. M~~. M~~. M~ 11 56 11 51 11 46 M~~. 4 63 21.1 1 10 12 11 49 5 24 11 9 5 2 M~.M~. II~. 6 5 64 22.1 1 6 12 11 35 6 16 1 15 1 12 1 8 1 4 57 51 45 1 7 6 651 23.1 1 2 121121 7 7 213 2 9 2 4 2 0 1 53 146 1 39 2 3 7 66 24.1 058 1211 6 757 3 5 3 1 257 252 245 238 251 256 8 67 25.1 0 54 12 10 51 8 46 3 51 3 47 3 43 3 39 3 31 3 25 3 18 3 42 9 68 26.1 0 50 12 10 36 9 34 4 33 4 30 4 26 4 22 4 15 4 9 4 3 4 5 101 69 27.1 0 46 12 10 20 10 20 5 9 5 6 5 3 4 59 4 54 4 49 4 43 5 3 11 70 28.1 0 42 12 10 4 11 4 5 41 5 38 5 36 5 33 5 28 5 24 5 20 5 37 12 71 29~1 0 38 12 9 48 11 47 6 9 6 7 6 5 6 3 6 0 5 57 5 54 6 8 13 72 0.3 0 34 12 9 31 E~'. 30 S~t' S~t~. S~I,. S~I,. S~t'.S~t~. S~G. S~I~. 14 73 1.3 0 31 12 9 14 1 12 7 29 7 28 7 28 7 28 7 28 7 27 7 27 7 34 15 741 2.3 027 12 857 154 826 825 824 823 821 820 818 828 16 75 3.3 0 25 12 8 40 2 38 9 28 9 24 9 22 9 20 9 17 9 14 9 11 9 25 17 76 4.3 0 19 12 8 23 3 23 10 26 10 24 10 21 10 18 10 14 10 10 10 5 10 22 18 77 5.3 0 15 12 8 5 4 10 11 27 11 24 11 20 11 17 11 11 11 6 11 0 11 21 19 78 6.3 0 11 12 7 47 5 0 H~~. H~~. H~~. M~~. H~~. H~~.11 56 M~~. 20 79 7.3 0 7 12 7 29 5 53 27 24 20 15 8 3 M~~. 19 21 80 8.3 0 3 12 a7 11 6 48 1 26 1 22 1 18 1 13 1 6 59 52 1 17 22 81 9.3 M~ 12 6 52 7 45 2 23 2 19 2 14 2 10 2 2 1 55 1 48 2 13 23 82 10.3 11 55 12 6 34 8 43 3 14 3 10 3 6 3 2 2 55 2 49 2 42 3 5 24 83 11.3 11 51 12 6 16 9 41 4 2 3 59 3 55 3 51 3 45 3 40 3 34 3 55 28 84 12.3 11 47 12 5 57 10 38 4 45 4 43 4 40 4 37 4 33 4 29 4 24 4 41 26 85 13.311 43 12 538 11 34 523 522 520 518 515 513 510 523 27 86 14 ~ 11 39 12 5 20 M~~.Hi,,,. Hi,,,. Hi,,,. R~,,,. Hi,,,. E~,. R~,,. H,,,. 28 87 i~~~' 11 35 12 5 1 29 740 739 738 737 735 734 732 742 29 38' 16.3,11 32 12 443 1 24 843 842 839 837 834 830 827 842 30 89 17.3 11 28 12 4 24 2 18 9 54 9 52 9 49 9 46 9 41 9 36 9 31 9 50 38 90 18.3111 24 12 4 6 3 12 11 1 10 57 10 54 10 50 10 44 10 38 10 32 10 54 PHASES, &amp;,. WASHINGTON. FRANCISCO. SITUATION OP THE PLANETS. Last Quarter 5 0 35 Mo. 4 9 34 Ev. Venus in Capricornus until the 5th, then in New Moon 13 3 38 Mo. 13 0 37 Mo. to the 36th. First Quarter 121 0 46 Mo. 20 9 45 Ev. Mars by the Sickle all the month. Full Moon 27 4 25 Ev. 27 1 24 Rv. Jupiter in Pi~ces all the mouth. Moon in Apogee.. 11 11.6 Ev. 11 8.6 Ev. Saturn in Scorpio all the month. Moon in Perigee.. 26 7.7 Ev. 26 4.7 Ev. Uranus in Gemini all the month. MEAN TIME OF HEGINNING AND END OP TWILIGHT. A~~,,~. B,,t,,. N, Y,,k. W,,hi,1l~. H,l,i1b. Ch,~,'l~,. N, O,l,~,,. S, P~il,,d. Aib,,1. PbS~d~lphi~. H,lii~~,,. N,,b~~I,. S,,,,,,b. H~bil,. F,~,~i,~. O~,e~. Chit,g,. I,di,,,~1i,. Si. L~i,. M~~pbi~. Vi,k,b,~. T,~,,. R~b~~d. It H~e'~,. E,d,.,H,1i,,. E~d,. H,gi~~. E,d,. ~`ti,' E,d a,~'~,. E,d,. It~p~~. E,d,.`H,gi~,. E,d,. H,1i,,. E,d,. -,,.,.i,.,,.i,..'.,,.,. I,,,, ~,~~,"~ 7,.Th.`5`i 7'~i 1 5 1~7 24 1 5 27 23 5 37 22 5 47 21 5 6,7 20 5 a 6 4 52 7 31 4 ~~,~ 29 4 ~1~ 28 4 ~i~ 27 4 38,7 25 5 0 7 b883;1690;904;1705]23 5 1 7 22 4 57 7 26 11 4 41,7 38 4 46,7 35 4477 34 4 48~ 32 4 387 29 4 53,7 27 4 547 26 4 507 31 16 4 32 7 45 1 4 37,7 41 4 38,7 40 4 407 38 4 43~7 35 1 4 46,7 32 4 48'7 30 4 42 7 36 21 4 247 51 4 29,7 47 4 31'7 45 4 337 42 4 37,7 39 4 407 38 4 42,7 33 4 357 41 26 4 13 7 58 4 20,7 53 4 23~7 50 4 26 7 47 4 30 7 43 4 34~7 39 4 37'7 36 4 2817 45 311 4 48 4! 4 10,7 59 4 157 54 4 18,7 51 4 28:7 4611 4 2817 42 4 327 39 4 2117 49 28 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. APRIL, 1869. MEAM TIME OF SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET; FOR SUN'S UPPER LIMB. S~t~. N~ Y~k. W~~i~1I~ R~~~~. Ch~Th~~~. N~ U~~~~. S~ A1b~~y. I Ph~1~d~l5h~~.' B~t~~~~. N~~h~~I~. S`. N~b~1~. F D~y ~ O~g~~. Ch~~5~. I~d~~~~p~I~. SI. L~~~. M~~pb~~. V~~~~~. T~~~~. R~~~~~d. I th W~~k. SUN SUE SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN Ri~~. S~t~.:R~~. S~I~. Ri~~~. S~t~. Ri,~. S~I~. Ri~~. S~t~. R~~~~. S~I~. Ri~~~. S~t~. R~~~. S~t~. 1Th. 5416 27 5 436 26 5 456 24 5 466 23 5 48I~6 21 5 496 20 5496 19 5 446 23 2'FM. 5396231 542,628 544626 545624 547622 548621 548620 5436 24 3,Sat. 537629 540,629 542627 543625 545623 546621 546620 5416 25 4 Sun. 5 366 39 5 386 30 5 406 28 5 41 6 2; 5 436 24 5 456 22 5 45 6 21 5 406 26 SMoll. 534632' 536631 538629 540627 542625 544623 544621 538627 6Tu. 532633 534,632 536630 538628 540626 542623 543622 536628 7~Ved. 5 506 34 5 32,6 33 5 34 6 31 5 36 6 21 5 39 6 26 5 416 24 5 41'6 22 5 35 6 29 8Th. 5286361533634 533632 535630 537627 539625 540623 5331630 91Fri. 5 26'6 37 5 29'6 35 5 31 6 33 5 33 6 St 5 36 6 28 5 38'6 25 5 39 6 23 5 32 6 31 10 Sat. 5 2416 18 5 27 6 36 5 29 6 34 5 31 6 32 5 34 6 29 5 37~6 26 5 38 6 24 5 31 6 32 li,Sun. 5 236 39 5 266 37 5 28 6 35 5 30 6 33 5 33 6 30 5 35,6 27 5 376 24 5 306 33 12'MOll. 521,640 524638 526636 528634 533630 5341627 536625 5286 34 13 Tll. 5 19'S 42 5 23 6 40 5 25 6 37 5 27 6 35 5 30 6 31 5 33,6 28 5 35 6 25 5 27 6 35 34 ~Ved. 5 18'6 43 5 23 6 41 5 24 6 38 5 26 6 36 5 29 6 32 5 32'6 29 5 34 6 26 5 25 6 35 15 Th. 5 16 6 44 5 19 6 42 5 22 6 39 5 24 6 37 5 28 6 33 5 31 6 30 5 33'6 27 5 23 6 36 16 Fri. 5 14 6 45 5 18 6 43 5 21 6 40 5 23 6 38 5 27 6 34 5 30 6 30 5 32 6 27 5 22 6 37 17Sat 512647 516l6~~ 519641 522639 526635 529,1631 5311628 521638 18Suii. 5 316 48 5 146 45 5 176 42 5 206 40 5 246 36 5 281,6 32 5 306 29 5 196 39 19 MOll. 5 ~1~ 49 5 13 6 47 5 16 6 44 5 39,6 41 5 23 6 37 5 27~6 3 5 29'6 29 5 38 6 40 20 TIS. 5 7i6 50 5 11 6 48 5 146 45 5 17 6 42 5 21 6 38 5 2516 3 5 28'6 30 5 16 6 41 23 ~Fed. 5 6651 5106491 513646 5 t'; 643 520639 524634 527,630 5156 42 22Th. 5 ~l'~~~ ~ 8650i 511647 514644 519640 523635 526631 514643 23 Fri. 5 3,6 54 5 6 6 51 5 10 6 48 5 13 6 45 5 18 6 40 5 226 35 5 25'6 31 5 13 6 44 248at. 5 11655 5 56521,5 9649 512646 517641 52111636 524'632 511645 251Sun. 4 591,5 56 5 3 6 53 5 7 6 50 5 10 6 46 5 15 6 42 5 20'6 37 5 23'6 33 5 10 6 46 26 MUll. 458657~ 5 26 54~ 5 6651 5 9647 5 14642 519637 522633 5 96 47 27Tu. 45'65~l' 5 16555 5652 5 8648 513643 518'638 521",634 5 8,648 28~Ved. 4557 Ol 459656 5 3,653 5 6649 511644 516639 520635 5 7,6 49 29Th. 453,7 1,' 458658 5 9554,' 5 5650 510644 515639 519635 5 66 49 30Fri. 452,7 2,' 456659" 5 6sss",,'s 3,6515 9645 514640, 518636 5 4'6 50 LENGTH AND INUREASE OF DAYS. A~1~.'G. S~~~~. N~ Y~k. W~,bi~II~. R~,Rb. Cb~1~~t~. N~ O~1~~~. S P~ I])~d. A'b&amp;~y. Phfl~d~pbi 5~~~~~~. a~h~a1~. S~~~~~,h. N&amp;~iI~. F~~~i~~. U~~I~ Chi~~~. I~d~~~p~fl~. St. Lt~~. M~~5hit. V~tktb~g. T~~~. R~~~~d. Uth. I~~. Uth. I~-.. I Uth. I~t Uth. I~t~. ~~th. I~t~. Uth. I~~. Uth. I~~. L'th. I~t 1 12453541 1243330 1240325 1237511 1234252', 1231232,' 1229216 12303 6 3' 12 52~~4 0 1249'S45 1245330 1242316 1238256 1235236 1233220 1244311 5` 12 58 4 7 12 55 3 5112 51 3 36 12 47 3 21 1 12 43 3 1 12 39 2 40' 12 37 2 24 12 49 3 16 7 13 5 4 13 13 1 3 U7 12 57 3 42 12 53 3 27 12 48 3 6, 12 43 2 44 12 41 2 28 12 54 3 21 9 13 11 4 19, 13 6 4 2 113 2 3 47 12 58 3 32 12 52 3 10' 12 47 2 48 12 44 2 31 12 59 3 26 11 1 13 174 251 13 11 4 7 13 73 52 13 33 37 12 573 15 12 51 252 12 4 2.4 13.13 30 13 13 93 4 4 13 17 4 13 113 12 3 57 13 8 3 42 13 1 3 19 12 55 2 12 50 2 37 13 8 3 35 15` 13 28 4 37 13 23 4 19 13 18 4 3 13 13 3 47, 13 6 3 24~ 12 59 3 64;1576;974;1592]0 12 54 2 41 13 13 3 40 9 4. 1. 44 ,r',lbI~4443 1328424113234 3 1318352 b3103~8 13.. 4 12~~24 13 73 Ill III 404 49 13 34 4 30 13 284 13 13 223 56 1. 14 3 32', 13 7 3 8, 13 0 2 47 13 22 3 49 21 1 ~s 46 4 54 13 30 4 35, 13 33 ~ 18 13 27 4 1 13 18 3 36', 13 10 3 11' 13 3 2 50 13 27 3 54 23 13515 91 1345441 1338423 13324 6 1322.3401313314 13 6253 13313.8 25 13575 6', 1350446 1343428 1336410 132634411317318 1310257 tI 364 3 27 14 2 5 11' 13 55 4 4 14 13 SO 3 48', 13 20 3 21 13 13 3 0`13 40 4 7 51 13 47 4 32 13 49, 1'. 43 4 10 29 14 85171 14 6456 1352437 13 4U 419 13.14.352 132432.), 13163 3 1 39,1411~519l',14 31459 1355440 1348422 133735511326327 13183 511346413 1869.] ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. 29 APRIL, Fourth Mouth. WASHINGTON MERIDIAN. MEAN TIME OF MOON S RISING AND SETTING. S~ ~ M~ A~1~I 1t~I~ N. T~k. W~h'G. R.~~gh. Ch~'~t~. N. 0?1~. I P~~II~~d. A'S~~y. Ph~1~l~~. B~Ii~'~. N'M~~I~. S~~~~~h. Mtbll~. N ~ N~~. N~ M~k. M~~di~~. O~gt~. Chit~t. I~d~p~lt. St. Lt~it. Mt~p~t. V~k~b'g. Tt~~. ~ G~~. M~~~1. Mt~~. Rit~. R~~~. R~~t. Rit~t. Rit~~. Ri~~.. Rt~~. R~~~. 1 91 19.3 11 20 12 3 48 4 6 M~ 12 0 11 56 11 51 11 44 11 38 11 51 11 55 2 92 20.3 11 16 12 3 30 4 59 4 Mt~. Mt~. Mt~. M~~. M~~. M~~. M~~. 3 93 21.3 11 12 12 3 12 5 51 1 0 56 51 47 39 32 25 50 4 94 2Q3 11 8 1i2 2 54 6 42 1 50 1 46 1 42 1 37 1 30 1 23 116 1 41 5 95 23.3 11 4 12 2 37 7 30 2 33 2 29 2 25 2 21 2 14 2 8 2 1 2 24 6 96 24.3 11 0 12 2 19 8 17 3 10 3 7 3 3 2 59 2 53 2 48 2 42 3 3 7 97 25.3 10 56 12 2 2 9 2 3 44 3 41 3 38 3 35 3 30 3 26 3 21 3 59 8 98 26.3 10 52 12 1 45 9 45 4 13 4 11 4 9 4 6 4 3 4 0 3 56 4 11 9 99 27.3110 48 12 1 29 10 28 4 40 4 39 4 38 4 37 4 34 4 32 4 30 4 42 10 100 28 3 10 44 I12 1 12 11 10 5 7 5 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 11 11f101 ~s 10 40 12 0 56 11 53 5 33 5 33 5 34 5 34 5 35 5 35 5 36 5 40 12i102 0.6 10 37 12 0 40 E~.36 S~a. S~It. S~It. Sttt. StIt. SGt. S~G. 13~103 1.6 10 33 12 0 25 1 21 8 20 8 18 8 16 8 13 8 9 8 5 8 1 8 17 14:104 26 10 29 12 0 10 2 8 9 20 9 19 9 15 9 12 9 6 9 1 8 56 9 16 islios ~:~ 1025 11 59 55 2 57 10 22 10 19 10 15 10 11 10 4 9 58 9 52 10 14 16:106 4.6 10 21 11 59 40 3 49 11 22 11 18 11 13 11 10 11 2 10 55 10 48 11 12 17:107 5.6 10 17 11 59 26 4 43 Mt~. Mt N~~. Mt~.11 57 11 51 11 43 18:108 6.6 10 13 11 59 13 5 38 18 14 10 5 Mt~. M~~. Mt 5 19~109 7.6 10 9 11 58 59 6 34 1 11 1 7 1 3 58 51 44 37 1 1 20:110 8.6 10 5 11 58 46 7 30 1 58 1 55 1 51 1 47 1 40 1 34 1 28 1 50 21:111 9.610 1 11 58 34 8 26 2 41 2 59 2 36 2 32 2 27 2 22 2 17 2 36 22;112 10.6 9 57 11 58 22 9 20 3 20 3 18 3 16 3 14 3 10 3 7 3 3 3 18 25113 11.6 953 115810 1014 355 354 353 352 350 348 346 357 241114 112.6 9 49 11 57 59 11 8 4 29 4 29 4 29 4 28 4 28 4 28 4 28 4 34 25 ilS 13.61 9 45 11 57 48 M~ R~t. Th~. Ri,~. Nit E~t. 26il6 l~~.~: 9 41 11 57 38 2 7 22 7 27 7 25 7 22 7 18 7 14 7 10 7 27 27,117 15.6 9 38 11 57 25 56 8 40 8 37 8 34 8 30 8 25 8 20 8 14 8 34 28 ilS,:16.6, 9 34 11 57 19 1 51 9 48 9 44 9 40 9 36 9 29 9 23 9 16 9 29 29~li9' 17.6: 9 30 11 57 10 2 46 10 49 10 45 10 40 10 36 10 28 10 21 10 14 10 39 501120:18.6: 9 26 11 57 2 3 40 11 44 11 40 11 35 11 30 11 22 11 16 11 8 11 33 MOON S WA~HINGTON SAN SITUATION OF TIlE PLANETS. PHASES, &amp;~. FRANCISCO. Last Quarter 1 3 3 40 Ev. 3 0 39 Ev. Venus in Pisces ttutil the 24th, then in Aries. New Moon 11 8 39 Ev. 11 5 38 Ev. Mars by the Sickle all the mouth. First Quarter.... 19 9 58 ~to. 19 6 57 Mo. Juptter~iu Pisces all the month. Full Moon:26 1 13 Mo. 25 10 12Ev. Saturn tn Scorpio all the mouth. Moon in Apogee..' 8 8.1 Mo. 8 5.1 Mo. Uranus in ~emini all the mouth. Moon in Perigee.. 24 2.3 Mo. 23 11.3 Ev. Vonus nearest Jupiter the 225. MEAN TIME OF REGINNING AND END OF TWILIORT. A~~~t~. B~,tt~. N~ Y~k. W~,lit~1t~. E&amp;t~igb. Ch~~t~~. N O~~.~t. S P~'tt~~d. Atb~~y. Ph~1~d~t5hi~. It~tt~~~. N~h~E~. S ~~~~. M~bil~. F O~I~. Chit~~. t~d~~~~tt. St. it~~t. Mt~pht~. V~k~b~1. T~~. Ri~~~~d. a N,1i~,. E~d,. II~1t~~. E~d~. Ete.~,. E~dt. N~1t~,. E~d~. B~p~,. E~d,. tt~gi~t. E~d,. N~p.~~. E~d~. 1 B~gt~~. E~dt. 1 4 0,8 7 4 88 1 412756 415753 420748 425743 4297391 417'751 I 6 3491816: 3578 8 4 28 3 4 6759 412753 418747 423742 4 9756' Ill:3 ~l~ 23: 3 47815 352810 3568 6 4 ~~~~I 411:751 416746: 4 OS 2 1161' 327'S s2: 337822 3 ~3 M816 347812 3558 4, 4 37561 4 9750 3518 8 :21 I 3 17 8 411 3 27 8 30 3 34 8 23 3 39 8 18 3 47 8 10 3 55 8 21 4 2 7 55 3 43 8 9 1261 3 78 ~~ 317838 325830, 331824 340815 3488 7: 3759 336820 130,1 3 2,853: 3 91845 3188361 3248301 334:820 3448101 35318 1, 329825 THlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MAY, 1869. MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET; FOR SUN'S UPPER LIMB. Washington. Raleigh. Charleston. Pa Baltimore. Nashville. Savannah. eh a St. Louis. Memphis. Vicksburg. SUN SUN SUN e i. ts. in. P1. t.... t4 5 226 52 5 8I6 46 5 13 6 41 6 6 5 1 6 5 3 15 7i6 47 5 1216 42 5 0654 5 66 48 511 6 43 4 58 6 5 5 416 49 5 10 6 44 4 571656 5 46 50 510 6 45 4 5616 57 5 3 6 51 5 96 45 4 5516 58 5 2 6 52 5 8 6 46 4 54 6 59 5 1 6 53 5 7 6 47 4 53 7 0 5 06 53 5 6 647 4 52 7 1 4 59 6 54 5 5 6 48 4 51 7 2 4 58 6 55 5 5 6 49 4 50 7 3 4 57 6 56 5 4 6 49 4 49 7 4 4 56 6 57 5 3 6 50 4 48 7 5 4 55 6 58 5 2 6 51 4 4'7 7 6 4 55 6 58 5 2 6 51 34 46 7 7 4 54 6 59 5 1 6 52 4 46 7 7 4 54 7 0 5 1 6 53 44 45 7 8 4 537 0 5 0 6 53 4 0 4447 9 4527 1 5 0 6 54 4 44 7 10 4 52 7 1 4 59 6 55 4 437 7 10 4517 1 4 58655 4 4317 11 4 51 7 3 4 58 6 56 4 4 427 12 4 5017 4 4 57 6 57 4 42 7 13 4 5017 5 4 57 6 57 4 41 7 14 4 4917 6 456 6 58 4 4 4 48 7 6 4 56 6 58 4401716 448 7 455659 4 39i7 16 4 477 8 4 55 7 0 4 397 17 4 47 7 8 4 55 7 0 4 3 8 17 181 44617 914547 1 43717181 44617 9 454 7 1 LENGTH AND INCREASE OF DAYS. , Augusta. Bostone. New York. Washington. i Portland. Albany. Philadelphia. Baltmore. Oregon. - Chicago. Indianapolis. St. Louis. L'th. Iner.'L'th. | Incr. 11.. Ieen.'L'sh{. M ac. | sh n.ee Uth n.ee M.h Ieee M.ch |e n.th M.e Lth Ie 14 5 2 14 5]5 1 13 57 4 42 13 50142423 14 185 27 114 10 5 6 14 24 47 13 544 28 14 245 32 14155 11 1 4 71452 13 5934 33 1429 5 37 1114 1915 15 14 11 4 56 14 3 4 37 14 345 421 14 23 5 19 14 15 5 0 14 7 4 41 14 38'5 47 14 27 5 23 1419 5 4 14 11 4 45 14 43 15 52 14 31 5 27 14 23 5 8 14 15 4 49 14 47,5 56 14 35O 5 31 14 27]5 12 14 184 52 14 52 6 1 14 39 5 35 14 3015 15 14 21 4 r5 14 56 6 5 14 42 5 38 14 34 5 19 14 24 4 58 15 0:6 9 14465 42'14 37i5 22 14 2715 1 15 4 6 12!14 50 5 46 14 4015 25 14 30 5 4 1,45 7 7 6 1 14 535 49 14 43 45 28 14 3,315 71 3 2 11,11 16 20 14 571553 14 4615 31 14 36i35 10 915 114 6 23 15 O556 14 495 34 14 391 4153 15 176 26, 3 5 59 14 5215 37 14 4115 15 I i I 30 [1869. Dy f th. W-k. SUN I Sat. 4 5017 4 21 Sun. 4 4917 5 3 Mon. 4 4717 6 4 T,,. 4 46'7 7 Wed. 4 45 7 8 6ITh. 4 43 7 9 7 Fri. 4 42 7 11 8 Sat. 4 41 7 12 9 Sun. 4 39 7 13 10 Mon. 4 38 7 14 11 Tu. 4 3-i 7 I12 Wed. 4 36 7 17 13 Th. 4 3- 7 IS 14 Fri. 4 34 7 19 15 Sat., 432 7 20 16 Sun, 14 31 7 21 17 MO"' 4 30'7 22 18 Tu' 4 29,7 23 19 Wed. 4 2817 24 20 Th. 4 2717 25 21 Fri. 4 26i7 26 22. Sat. 4 25-, 27 2-S' Sun. 4 25 728 '24 Mon. 4 2-117 29 -25 T u. 4 23l, 30 26 Wed. 4 2%)7 31 )7 Th. 4 2117 3-2 28. Fri. 4 21 -i 33 '-).9 1 S at. 4 20!7 34 ,301 Sun. 4 201-,:1,5 31 -.,Nl o n. 4 19 36 N,-; O,l SUN 5 1 ,' 63i 5 16 6 38 5 15 16 39 5 14 6 40 5 13 6 40 5 13 6 41 5 12 6 42 5 11 6 42 5 11 6 43 5 10 6 44 5 9 6 44 5 9 6 45 5 8 6 45 5 7 6 46 5 7 6 46 5 6 6 47 5 6 6 48 5 5 6 48 5 5 6 49 5 4 6 49 5 4 6 50 5 3 6 50 5 3 (i 51 5 2 6 52 5 2 6 52 5 1 6 53 5 1 6 53 5 1 6 54 5 0 0 54 5 0 6 55 5 0 6 55 N.- Y-1k. Phil.d,alphi. I.di...p.li.. .i.IUN 4 5916 56 4 5716 57 4 56'i 658 4 546 59 4 53 7 0 4 52 7 1 4 51 7 2 4 50 7 3 4 49 7 4 4 48 7 5 4 47 7 6 4 46 7 7 4 45 7 8 4 44 7 9 4 43 7 10 4 42 7 11 4 42'7 11 4 41 7 12 4 40,7 13 4 40 7 14 4 39 7 15 4 3817 16 4 3717 17 4 377 18 4 36 7 19 4 35 7 1,9 4 35'7 20 4 34i7 21 4 341-, 22 4 3317 23 4 32,7 23 Ri.h.-d. 5 3 6 51 5 2 6 52 5 1 6 53 4 59 6 54 4 58 6 55 4 57 6 56 4 56 6 57 4 55 6 58 4 54 6 58 4 53 6 59 4 52 7 0 4 52 7 1 4 51 7 2 4 50 7 3 4 49 7 4 4 48 7 5 4 47 7 5 4 47 7 6 4 46 7 7 4 46 7 8 4 45 7 9 4 44 7 9 4 43 7 10 4 43 7 11 4 42 7 12 4 4') 713 4 41 7 13 4 41 7 14 4 40 7 15 4 40 7 16 4 40 7 16 B.t... Alb..y. chi..g.. SUN 4 55' 7 4 53 7 1 4 52 7 2 4 50 7 3 4 49 7 4 4 48 7 5 4 47 7 6 4 49 7 7 4 4. 7 8 4 44 7 9 4 43 7 10 4 42 7 1 1 4 41 7 1 2 4 40 7 13 4 39 7 14 4 38 7 15 4 37 7 1 6 4 36 7 17 4 36.7 1 8 .4 357 1 9 4 34 7 20 4 33 7 21 4 3217 22 4 327 23 4 31 7 24 4 30 7 25 4'-''I 126 4 2917 27 4 2817 28 1 4 277 28 4 26 7 29 T.... Ri.h...d. L'tb. LIb. I.,,. 2013 7 13 48 4 15 13 24 3 11 13 52 4 19 13 27 3 14 13 57 4 24 13 30 3 17 14 1 4 8 13 32 3 19 14 4 4 31 13 35 3 22 14 8 4 35 13 37 3 24 14 11 4 38 13 39 3 26 14 15 4 42 13 42 3 2.9 14 18 4 45 13 44 3 31 14 21 4 48 13 46 3 33 14 24 4 51 13 48 3 3.5 14 27 4 54 13 50.3 37 14 3Oi4 57 I,l r,2! 339! 14 3-,;4 59 13 5413 41 il4 3515 2 13 55!,'3 42i 114 4115 8 PI 4 NP..li,-h. Ch.,It ,h,ill S...... h. L'th. 13 39 3 57 13 28:3 29 13 4314 1 13 32 333 13 4714 5 13 35 3 36 13 5014 8 13 38 3 39 13 54 i412 13 41 3 42 13 57 4 15 13 44 3 45 14 1 l4 1.9 13 47 3 48 14 4;4 2'' 13 4) 3 tO 14 7.4 25 13 52 3 53 14 914 27 13 54 3 55 14 12 1430 13 57 3 58 14 15i4 33 14 0 4 1 14 1714 35 14 2 4 3 14 20'4 38 14' 4 4 5 14 22'4 40 14 5 4 6 14 2414 42 14 714 8 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 2.3 25 27 29 , ii ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. Z&AY, Fifth Month. MEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND SETTING. 11121 Sa a: 2!122!1 31123' 41124 5121 l' 61126 i 7l 127:aI1 8 128 i 9 129 i 10 130 11 131 12 132 13 13.3 14 134 15 13a 161 136 17 137 181138 19 139 201140 211141 1 221142 1 2.3 143 1 24i144 1 251145 1 261146i 1 27t1471 1 21148 1 291149! 1 8o[150 1 31i151 2 Washt'tn. Raleigh. Cha'ston. Baltim'e. N'shville. l Savan'h. nSt. Louis. Memp's. | Vicksb'g. Rises. Rises. Rises. n.l. n. e. a. n. M. Morn. Morn. M orn. 17 10 3 o 59 52 46 1 36 1 30 1 25 2 8 2 4 2 0 2 39 2 36 2 3 4 3 8 3 7 3 5 3 3 6 3 36 3 36 4 5 4 6 4 8 4 36 4 39 4 42 Sets. Sets. Sets. 8 4 7 58 7 52 9 4 8 56 8 50 10 2 9 54 9 48 10 57 10 49 10 42 1 11 47 11 40 11 34 Morn... Morn.. M orn. 33 27 22 114 1 9 1 5 1 52 1 49 1 47 2 28 2 27 2 26 33 3 4 3 5 3 38 3 41 3 43 4 17 4 21 4 25 Rises. Rises. Rises. 8 20 813 8 7 9 18 9 10 9 4 10 10 10 2 9 55 10 55 10 48 10 42 11 34 11 28 11 23 Morn. Morn. 12 0 Sidereal Noon. Morn'g. 9 22 9 18 9 14 9 10 9 6 9 2 8 58 854 8 50 8 46 8 42 8 39 8 35 8 31 8 27 8 23 $19 8 15 8 11 8 7 8 3 7 59 7 55 751 7 47 744 7 40 7 36 7 32 728 724 slilsi 20.0 7 24 11 57 25 4 52 Moon. Moon. Moon. Moon. Moon. 12 0 11 55 Moon. MOON'S SAN PHASES, & WASHINGTON. FRSANISCO SITUATION OF THE PLANETS. D. H. M. D. n. x Last Qarter...... 33 Mo. 3 5 32 Mo. Venus in Aries until the 18th, then in Taurus. New Moon...... 11 10 59 Mo. 11 7 58 Mo. MVars by the Sickle all the month. First Quarter.....18 4 21 Ev. 18 1 20 Ev. Jtipiter in Aries all the month. Full Moon.......25 10 15 Mo. 25 7 14 Mo. Saturn in Scorpio all the month. Moon in Apogee.. 6 0.5 Mo. 5 9.5 Ev. Urimus in Gemini all the month. Moon in Perigee.. 21 4.5 Ev. 21 1.5 Ev. MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT. Washington. Raleigh. Chalso. Ne Oleans. .Baltimoreb. Nashville. Savannah. Mobile. St. Louis. Memphis. Vicksburg. Texas. - n.. a. a a do Beg ins.. E nds. Bd,.Bei.. E d. B gins. Ends. B in Es .21s M. H M 4~18.M........ 1 255859 3 8 3 22 8 32 3321821 3 143J 3 518 3 8 3 1418 40 3 26 8 28 3 718 3 45 8 9 3 628 4 7 3 19i8 34 3 318 22 3 4018 14 2 59!8 54 3 1318 41 3 26!8 28 3 36t8 19 2 529 1 1 3 78 47 3 2118 32 3 3218 23 2 4619 7 3 28 51 3 1718 36 3 2818 26 2 429 12 2 5818 56 3 1418 40 3 25 8 29 ^,|Augusta. Boston. Portland. Albany. Oregon. Chicago. Ci.g... 9 A Begins. Ends. Begins.: Ends. 1 258 59 718 47 6 2 4519 8 2 58!8 56 11 2 349 18 251 9 4 16 2 25 9 28 2 42'9 12 21 2 16 9 37 2 33!9 20 26 2 7 9 46 2 24 9 28 31 2 0,9 55 2 1519 35 1869.] 31 WASHINGTON MERIDIAN. A.g-t.. P.,,t..d. 30 110 145 216 244 311 336 4 2 431 Bt.,' 8 15 9 16 10 15 11 10 11 59 M.-. 43 121 157 229 3 2 334 410 8 33 9 32 10 23 11 7 11 45 11 56 M... 40 120 156 231 3 4 386 4 9 445 B,,t,,. 7 46 8 43 940 10 35 11 27 M.,.. 16 1 1 144 225 3 6 346 429 Ri.. 759 856 948 10 35 11 17 11 55 S.. t N... M.,,k. M.. i. Mdi... M.".i.g. 433 524 612 658 742 825 97 949 10 32 11 17 E,. 4 53 145 239 334 430 526 620 714 86 858 950 10 43 11 37 M.-. 32 127 221 314 44 452 B... Alb..y. Chi.g.. ni.,.. 26 1 7 1 42 2 13 2 43 3 10 3 36 4 3 4 33 t.,. 8 12 9 12 10 11 11 6 11 55 M.,.. 40 1 19 1 55 2 29 3 2 3 35 4 1 Ri.,-. -8 29 9 28 10 19 11 3 11 42 M.,.. N. Y k. Phil.d'.. I.d, pli,,. 21 1 3 139 211 241 3 9 336 4 4 495 St,,. 8 8 9 8 10 7 11 2 11 51 36 116 154 228 3 3 337 414 8 24 9 23 10 15 10 59 11 38 I B Ru'... 20 1 2 140 213 244 314 34 411 443 r, t,. 8 8 9 7 10 5. 11 0 11 50 M.,.. 37 118 157 233 31 0 345 424 Ri,,... 8 23 9 21 10 1 3 10 59 11 38 M..... 11 56 4 11 56 41 11 563 11 562 11 56 11 56 20 11 56 17 11 56 14 11 56 11 11 569 11 568 11 567 11 567 11 568 11 569 11 56 10 11- 56 12 11 56 15 11 56 18 11 56 21 11 56 26 156 30 156 35 156 41 156 47 156 54 157 1 157 9 157 17 157 25 N. y. Phil.dlphi.. I.di...p.li. B,,i,,. E,d,. 316,8 38 3 818 46 3 018.54 25219 2 24419 9 237j9 16 231 9 22 B.' Rih...d. Bg . E.d,,. ,i 27' 8'2, 3 20 8 34 3 12 8 40 3 6 8 47 2 59 8 54 2 54 8 59 2 50 9 4 32 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. JUNE, 1869. MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET; FOR SUN S UPPER LIMB. A~1~t~. 3~~~. N~ Y~k. W~~i~p~. R~~i1h. Ch~1~~~~.`~N~ O~1~~,. S P~~t1~~d. ATh~~y. Fh~I~d~Iphi~. B~ti~~~,. N~~h~~I~. S M~b~1~. F N b~y ~ O~g~. Ch~~~. Thdi~~~p~li~. SI. L~~~. M.~phi~. Vi~,b~~. T~~~. R~~~~~d. W~~k. SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN EL.,,. S,t,. Ri~~,.! S~I'. Ri~,,. 5,1,. Ri,,,. 5,1,. Ri,,,. 5,1,. Ri,,,. 5,1,. Ri,,,. 5,1'. ~Ri,,,. 5,1,. 1 Tn. 418737 426730 432724 437719 446710 4547 2 5 0656 4397 17 2W~L 41873714257311 ~~~i7~ 437710 445710 4537 2 459656 439718 31Th. 4 ~~l~ 38 ~~l~ 32 4 317 26 4 367 20 4457 11 4 537 3 45916 57 4 391~7 ~3 41Fri. 4 17~7 39 4 24~7 32 4 3017 26 4 36 7 20 4 45 7 11 4 53~7 3 4 59'6 57 4 39 7 19 5 Sat. 4 17 7 40 4 24~7 33 4 30 7 27 4 36 7 21 4 45 7 12 4 53~7 4 4 59 6 58 4 38 7 19 6 Sun. 4 16117 41 4 23 7 33 4 29 7 27 4 35 7 21 4 44 7 12 4 52 7 4 4 59 6 58 4 38 7 20 7 Mon. 4 Th7 41 4 23 7 34 4 29 7 28 4 35 7 22 4 44 7 13 4 52 7 5 4 59 6 58 4 38 7 20 8 Tn. 4 16 7 42 4 23 7 35 4 29 7 29 4 35 7 23 4 44 7 14 4 527 5 4 59 6 59 4 37 7 21 9 N\TeO. 4 16 7 42 4 22 7 35 4 28 7 29 4 34 7 23 4 43 7 14 4 527 6 4 59 6 59 4 37 7 21 10 Th. 4 15 7 43 4 22 7 36 4 28 7 30 4 34 7 24 4 43 7 15 4 52 7 6 4 59 7 0 4 37 7 21 11 Fri. 4 15 7 43 4 22 7 36 4 28 7 33 4 34 7 24 4 43 7 15 4 52 7 7 4 59 7 0 4 37 7 22 12 Sat. 4 15 7 44 4 22 7 37 4 28 7 31 4 34 7 25 4 43 7 16 4 52 7 7 4 59 7 0 4 37 7 22 13 Sun. 4 15 7 44 4 22 7 37 4 28 7 31 4 34 7 25 4 43 7 16 4 52 7 8 4 59 7 1 4 37 7 23 14 Mon. 4 15 7 45 4 22 7 38 4 28 7 32 4 34 7 ~6 4 43 7 16 4 52 7 8 4 59 7 1 4 37 7 23 -15 Tn. 4 15 7 46 4 22 7 38 4 23 7 32 4 34 7 26 4 43 7 16 4 5217 8 4 59 7 1 4 37 7 23 16 ~~0. 4 15 7 46 4 22 7 38 4 28 7 32 4 34 7 26 4 43 7 17 4 5217 9 4 59 7 2 4 37 7 24 17 Th. 4 15~7 46 4 22 7 39 4 28 7 33 4 34 7 27 4 43 7 18 4 52 7 9 4 59 7 2 4 37 7 24 18 Fri. 4 1517 47' 4 22 7 39 4 23 7 33 4 34 7 27 4 43 7 18 4 527 9 4 597 2 4 38 7 24 19j8at. 41517471422739 428733 434727 443718 4527 9 459'7 2 4387 25 20Sun. 4151747 422739' 428733 434727 443718 452710 4597 3 4387 23 21 Mon. 4 15;7 48 4 23 7 39 4 29 7 34 4 35 7 23 4 44 7 19 4 53 7 10 4 59 7 3 4 38 7 25 221Tn. 4 16-7 48 4 23 7 39 4 29 7 34 4 35 7 28 4 44 7 19 4 53 7 10 4 59 7 3 4 38 7 25 23 ~ed. 4 16~7 48 4 23 7 40 4 29 34 4 35 7 23 4 44 7 19 4 53 7 10 4 5.) 7 3 4 39 7 26 24' Th: 4 Th1748i 423740 4~29734 4357 8 444719 453710 5 07 4 439~ 26 In Fri. 14 16I? 46 4 23 7 40 4 29 7 34 4 35 7 9 4 44 7 20 4 53 7 11 5 0 7 4 4 39 i 26 26 Sat. 4 17I7 ~ 4 23 7 40 4 29 7 35 4 35 7 29 4 44 7 20 4 53 7 11 5 0 7 4 4 39 7 26 27 Sun. 417748 424740 430735 436729 445720 454711 5 0 7 4 4407 26 24 Mon. 418,748 4247401 430735 43(1729 445720 454711 5 17 4 4407 26 29 Tn. 4181 48' 424740' 430735 436729 445720 454711 5 17 4 4417 26 30 Wed. 1,41917481425740 4317351437729 446720 455711 5 17 4 4417 26 LENGTH AND INCREASE OF DAYS. A~1~e ~~,~~ I N, T~,k. W~,h~,1l~. R~~i1b. Ch,'l,,I,,. N, O,l~1,,. S~ P~~C~,d. A1b~~. Ph~l~d~lphi~. iI~ti~~,,. N~,hnI,. S -, h. M~bI,. F,,,,i,~. O,,I~. Chi~p. I,di,,,5,h,. St. L~~i,. M,~phi,. V~k,b,,~ T,,,,. R1~~~n. ~ L'1h. I,,,. UG. I~~. UG. I,,,. L'ih. I,,,. L~1h. I,~. L'1h. ~~~~ UG. I,,,. L'i1. I,,,. -.. I'. 1 1 18:6 27' Th 4,6 0 14 53 5 38 14 42 5 16 14 25 4 43 114 8 4 9 13 56 3 43 114 38 5 5 3 1525'629 15 7'6 3 1455540 1444518 142744511410411 1358345 14395 6 n 1523632, ln 96 2]5 1457542 14455 19 14234461~1411412,' 1359346 14415 8 7 15 256 341 15 11,6 7 14 595 44 14 47521 14 304 48,114 134 11' 13 503 46 14 425 9 9 1527635 1513,6 9 15 1546 1449523 1431449''1414415 14 634 1444511 11 1523637 1514610 15 2547 1450524 143245011415416, 14 1348 1445512 13 1529638 1515611 15 3548 1451525 1433451 11416417: 14 2349 1446513 35 15 31 6 39 15 161,6 12 15 4 5 49 14 52 5 26 14 34 4 52 14 16 4 171 14 2 3 49 14 46 5 13 17 15 32 6 40 15 5 5 50 14 53 5 14 17 4 ~~li 14 3 3 50 14 47 5 14 19 1716. 13 tS 26 14 35 4 3 1532640 151761.3 lo 5550 1453526 1435453111417418, 14 3350 5447514 21 15 32 B,,. 15 17 D"- 15 5 B~~ 14 53 B', 14 35 B"-`14 17 B~~.' 14 3 B". 14 47 B". 23 15320 0 0 tS 50 0 14530 0 14350 0114170 0 14 30 0 14470 0 23 15 31 0 1 15 17,0 0 15 5 0 0 14 53 0 0 14 35 0 0 14 17 0 0, 14 3 0 0 14 4i 0 0 27 15310 211 151610 1 15 40 1 14530 0 14350 014170 0 14 30 0 l~~ 460 1 29 15 30 0 15 16 0 1 15 4 0 1, 14 3 0 0 14 35 0 0 14 17 0 0 14 3 0 0 114 45 0 2 :30 lilS 2910 3, 15 15 0 21'15 3 0 2`14 52 0 1 14 340 1i~14 160 11 14 3 0 0`14 45 0 2 s Sets. 8 36 9 30 10 20 11 6 11 48 Morn. 27 1' 6 1 44 2 21 3 3 3 47 Rises. 7 46 8 35 9 18 9 58 10 34 11 6 11 36 1.5 6 41 ll 59 23 1 27 2.5 6 37 11 59 35 2 24 3.5 6 33 11 59 47 3 22 4.5 6 29 12 0 0 4 17 5.5 6 25 12 0 13 5 11 6.5 621 12 026 6 3 7.5 6 17 12 0 38 6 54 8.5 6 13 12 0 51 7 45 9.5 6 9 12 1 4 8 36 10.5, 6 5 12 1 17' 9 28 11.5 6 1 12 1 30 10 21 1 2.51 5 57 12 1 43 11 15 13.51 5 53 12 1 56' orn. 14.5 5549 12 2 8 10 15.5 5 46 12 211 1 3 16.5 542 12 2 341 1 55 1 7.5, 5 38 12 2 46 2 44 8.51 5 34 12 258i 3 31 19.51 5 30 12 3 10! 4 16 20.5! 5 26 112 3 221 4 59 MOON'S SAN PHASES, &c. WASHINGTON. FRANCISCO. SITUATION OF THE PLANETS. D. }1. M~. D). nt. 1. Last Quarter.....2 2 13 Mo. 1 11 12 Ev. Venus in Taurus until the 1Ith, then in New Mioon....... 9 10 44 Ev. 9 7 43 Ev. Gemini. First Quarter.... 16 9 7Ev. 16 6 6 Ev. Mars in Leo, east of the Sickle. Full Moon.......23 8 31 Ev. 23 5 30 Ev. Jupiter in Aries all the mouth. Moon inApogee.. 2 6.8 Ev. 2 3.8 Ev. Saturn in Scorpio all the mointh. Moon in Perigee.. 16 4.7 Mo. 16 1.7 Mo. UTranus in Gemini all the month. Moon in Apogee.. 30 1.2 Ev. 30 10.2 Mo. Saturn brightest this month. MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT. Augusta. Beton, I New York. Washington. Raleigh. Charleston. New Orleans. San Portland. Albany. Philadelphia. Btimre. Nathtimle. Savannah. Mobile. Francisco. Oregon. Chicago. Indianapolis. St. Louis. Memphis. Vicksburg. Texas. Richmond. '~ B g n,,n s ~ gis ns 9 B'gs. Eod. | Begin.. |. Ed. Bgin.s. E nds. B egi ns. E nds. B egins. Ed. B. Ends. Begins. Ends. - n. M. H. 5t. e. e. e..e. B. n. |n. n. n. n. R. M. n. M. n. M. n. M.R. M. n. M., n. M. n. M. n. x 61 1 59 9 5!, 21 37 2 329 23 2 419 13 2 57 8 57 313841 3 248 31 249 9 5 6 1 5310 45! 2 13 9 4'3 2 29,9 27 2 389 18 2 54 9 1 31 8 45 3 23'8 34 246 9 10 11 1 49 10 9 i 2 0'41229.228522595 3 108 48 32632 22 539 5 31084 8 32237 245 9 14 16 147 10 14' 2 8 52 2 25 935 235. 9 25 2 529 7 3108 50 3 22!8 39 2 4319 16 21 1 47 10 16, 2 8!9 54 2 25 9 37 23527 2529 9 1 3 10 8 52 322,841 2 43 9 18 26 1 49 10 161 2 99 55 2 27 9 38 2 36 9 28 2539 11 311 853 3 23,841 244 9 20 30 1 52,10 441 2 1019 55 2 299 37 2 389 27 2559 101 3 12853 3 24,8 42 2469 19 3 I I ii I ;,ss. 9 44 10 32 11 15 11 55 Morn. 30 I 5 1 41 2 15 2 53 335 Rises. 8 0 8 49 9 31 10 8 10 42 11 11 11 3.9 iets. 1 8 42 9 37 10 26 11 10 11 51 Morn. 29 1 6 1 42 2 18 2 58 3 41 Rises. 7 52 8 42 9 24 10 3 10 38 11 8 11 37 Sete. 8 28 9 23 10 14 11 1 11 45 Morn. 26 1 6 1 46 2 25 3 8 3 53 Rises. 7 38 8 28 9 12 9 53 10 30 11 3 11 35 Bt~e. 8 53 9 47 10 36 11 19 11 59 Morn. 36 1 12 1 47 2 22 3 1 3 43 Ries. 8 3 8 52 9 34 10 13 10 46 11 16 11 43 9 3 9 56 10 43 11 24 12 0 Morn. 33 I 5 1 37 2 8 2 44 3 23 Rises. 8 13 9 2 9 42. 10 18 10 49 11 15 11 41 9 53 10 40 11 21 11 59 Morn. 32 I 5 1 38 2 10 2 47 3 27 Rises. 8 10 8 58 9 39 10 15 10 47 11 14 11 40 8;55 9 48 10 36 tl 18 11 57 Morn. 31 1 5 139 2 12 2 50 3 31 Rises. 8 5 8 54 9 35 10 12 10 44 1 1 2 11 39 11 162 2 163 3 164 14 165 15 166 16! 167 17 168 18 169 19 170 20 171 21 172 22 173 ~?!174 41175 i 176 36177 ~7 178 ~i179 ~1180 301181 34 TIlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. JULY, 1869. iTli. 419748 425740 431734 43772'b 44'6720 455711 5 17 4 441726 2 Fri. 4 20 7 48 4 26 7 40 4 52~7 34 4 57~7 29 4 48 7 20 4 55 7 1t 5 1 7 4 4 42 7 26 3 Sat. 4 20 7 47 4 27 7 40 4 34 4 38 7 29 4 47 7 20 4 56 7 11 5 1 7 4 4 42 7 25 4 5u'i 4 21 7 47 4 27 7 39 4 33jT 33 4 38 7 28 4 47 7 19 4 56 7 11 5 2 7 4 4 43 7 25 5 Mon. 4 22~7 47 4 28 7 39 4 34 7 33 4 39 7 28 4 48 7 19 4 57 7 11 5 2 7 4 4 43 7 24 6 Tn. 4 22 7 46 4 29 7 39 4 35 7 33 4 40 7 28 4 48 7 19 4 57 7 11 5 3 7 4 4 44 7 24 7 Wed. 4 23 7 46 4 29 7 39 4 35 7 33 4 40 7 28 4 49 7 19 4 58 7 11 5 4 7 4 4 44 7 24 8 Th. 4 24 7 46 4 30 7 38 4 36 7 32 4 41 7 27 4 50 7 18 4 58 7 10 5 4 7 4 4 45 7 23 9 Fri. 4 25 7 45 4 31 7 38 4 37 7 32 4 42 7 27 4 51 7 18 4 59 7 10 5 5 7 4 4 46 7 23 10 Sat. 4 25 7 45 4 32 7 38 4 37 7 32 4 42 7 27 4 52 7 18 5 0 7 10 5 5 7 3 4 47 7 23 11 Sun. 4 26 7 44 4 33 7 37 4 38 7 31 4 43 7 26 4 52 7 18 5 0 7 10 5 6 7 3 4 48 7 22 12 Mon. 4 27 7 44 4 33 7 37 4 39 7 31 4 44'7 26 4 53 7 17 5 1 7 9 5 6 7 3 4 48 7 22 13 Tn. 4 28 7 43 4 34 7 36 4 40 7 30 4 45 7 25 4 53 7 17 5 1 7 9 5 7 7.~ 4 49 722 14 Wed. 4 29 7 42 4 35 7 36 4 40 7 30 4 45j7 25 4 54 7 17 5 2 7 9 5 8 7 2 4 50 7 21 15 Th. 4 30 7 42 4 36 7 35 4 41 7 29 4 46 7 24 4 55 7 16 5 3 7 8 5 8 7 2 4 51 7 21 16 Fri. 4 30 7 41 4 37 7 34 4 42 7 29 4 47 7 24 4 55'7 16 5 3 7 8 5 9 7 2 4 52 7 20 17Sat. 431740 437734 443:728 448723 456715:5 47 8 5107 1 4527 19 18,Sun. 432739 438733: 448728 4 49,'7 23 457715 5 47 7 5107 1 4537 19 19Mnn. 433739 439732' 445727 450,722 458714 5 57 7 5117 0 4547 18 20 Tn. 4 34 7 38 4 40 7 32 4 45 7 26 4 50'7 21 4 58l7 13 5 5 7 6 5 11 7 0 4 55 7 r~ 21tWed. 4 35 7 37 4 41 7 31 4 46:7 26 4 51 7 21 4 59 7 13 5 6 7 6 5 12 6 59 4 55 7 16 22'Th. 4 367 36 4 427 30 4 47:7 28 4 527 20 5 0j7 12 5 7 7 5 5 12 6 59 4 56 7 16 23 Fri. 4 37 7 35 4 43 7 29 4 487 24 4 53 7 19 5 0 7 12 5 7 7 5 5 13 6 58 4 57 7 15 24~Sat. 4 387 34 4 44 7 28 4 49j7 23 4 53 7 18 5 1 7 11 5 8 7 4 5 13 6 57 4 58 7 14 25'SUfl. 439733445727 450722 454717 5 1710 5 87 3 514657 459713 26Mon. 440732 446726' 451721 455717~' 5 2710 5 97 3 514656 4597 13 27 Tn. 4 41 7 31 4 47 7 25 4 52 7 20 4 56 7 16 5 3 7 9 5 10 7 2 5 15 6 55 5 0 7 12 28 Wed. 443730 4487241 452719 456715 5 47 8 5117 1 516655 5 17 11 29 Th. 4 44 7 28 4 49 7 23 4 53:7 18 4 57 7 14 5 4 7 7 5 11 7 0 5 16 6 54 5 2 7 10 30Fri. 44572714507 22454718 458714 5 57 7 ":5127 0 517654 5 36 9 31Set 44672614557251455717~459713:5 6i7 6 513659 518653 5 36 8 LENGTII A~D I)ECREASE OF DA~S. A~~e B~t~. N~ Y~k. W,,hi~gtt~. St,I~igh. Cb~I~tt~~. N~ Ofl~~t. St Pt~~ttd. AThtty. Ph~tdt1phit. Bt1ttt't~t. ~tth~~I~. St~tttth. M~b~I~. F~tttit~. ~ O~gtt. Chittgt. Thditttptll~. St. Ltti~. Mt~ph~t. Yitk,bt~. T~t,. Rith~ttd. tLth Dt. fth~ tffi~. tLth D~. ftt,., Dffi,; tLtt,. t%~. ftt,,,~D~ tLtht,. tD.t~. 1 15280 411514:0 3 15`310 2 14520 1 14340 1 141610 1 14 0 0~14450 2 3`15270 5,1513:0 4`15 20 3 1451,0 2 14350 2 14150 2 14 30 014430 4 5 1m-wo 7'15il,'0 6 15 10 4 1449,0,4 1432,0 3 1414,0 3 14 20 1114410 6 7:Th2:10 9'15 90 8 14590 6 1447'0 6 1430,0 5 14130 4 14 0:0 2,14400 7 9 Th2401e'15 7010 14570 8 14450 8 1428,0 7 14110 6 bISO 4111437010 11 15Th014:55 41015,1454011 1443010 14260 9 14101,021]7 13570 6 1434013 13 15 150 17 15 2'0 15 14 51,0 14 14400 13 14 240 11 14 8'0 9 13 560 7,14 320 15 15 151202014591018:1448:017 1438015 1422013 14 6011 13540 91430017 17 15 90231456021`1445:020 1435018 1420015 14 410t.3 13510121427020 19 15 5 0 27 14 53'0 24 14 4~'0 25 14 3210 21 14 17'0 18 14 2'0 15 13 49:0 14 14 240 23 21 15 2030 1450,02711434026 14291,024 1415020 14 0017 t.34710161421026 23 1458034 1446031`1436029 14 26'0 27 14120231 1358019' 1345,018 14181029 25 1454038`1442:035,1432'033 1423:030`14 9028 1355'02~ Il48020,1414'033 27 1449041,'1438',039 14291036 1420033 14 60291 t352102 tS40',02811412'035 e9 144504711434,043 14251040 14171036 14 3032 Il49'028ii'1338025 14 8039 41 1,144005211430047`1422:043 1414039 114 0035 1346'031`133502814 5042 ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. JULY, Seventh Month. WMEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND SETTING. 1 182 2 183 3i 184 4185 51186 6 187 7 188 80 1891 11 19 12 93 13 194 14;195 15 196 16 197 17i198 18 199 19 200 20 201 21/202 22,9203 23 1204 24 205 ,6 1207 27i208 28 209 29 210 30 211 311'212;4 Sideseel See at Moon in AegGa. Bosbon. N. Fook. Wash'te. Raleigh. Cho0etoe. N. Oe'ls. San Raleigh. | Cha'ston. N'shville. Savan'h. Mem. p's. Vicksb'g. Rises. Rises. ID. N. 11. M. 1 1 8 2 2 1 5 5 2 2 5 4 0 M e s a. M e s a. M o o n. M e s a. Mo on. M or n. M s a M o. 38 39 1 10 1 13 1 45 1 49 2 29 2 34 3 8 3 14 4 0 4 6 Sets. Sets. 8 18 8 13 9 7 9 2 9 50 9 47 10 30 10 28 11 7 11 6 11 44 11 45 Morn... Morn. 20 23 58 1 2 1 40 1 45 2 25 2 31 3 14 3 20 4 6 4 12 Rises. Rises. 8 0 7 55 8 37 8 33 99 9 6 9 39 9 38 10 8 10 7 10 38 10 39 11 9 11 11 11 42 11 45 a Day. 21.5 22.5 23.5 24.5 25.5 26.5 27.5 28.5 0.1 1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.i 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 18.1 i 19.1 120.1 121.1 122.1 i 22.1 30211211 5128 12 6 7 5 0 11 2 11 4 11 5 11 7 11 9 1111 1114 11 14 3121222:1:3 24 12 6 4 5 43 11 31 11 33 11 35 11 38 11 42 11 45 11 49 11 45 MOON'S |PHASES~ &c. WASHINGTON. Last Qutarter..... 1 7 38 Ev. New Moon......9 8 30 Mo. First Q(uarter.... 16 140 Mo. iFull Moon...3 8 46 Mo. ILast Quarter.......31 11 58 Mo. Moon in Perigee.. 112 11.9 Mo. Moon in Apogee.. 28 6(;.9 Mo. SWFRANCISCO. SITUATION OF TIE PLANETS. FRANCISCO. D. 11. M. 1 4 37 Ev. Venus in Gemini until the 5th, then i 9 5 29 Mo. Cancer. 15 10 39 Ev. Mars in Leo until the 18th, then in Virgo. 23 5 45 Mo. Jutpiter in Aries all the month. 31 8 57 Mo. Saturn in Scorpio all the month. 12 8.9 Mo. Uranus in Gemini all the month. 28 3.9 Mo. OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT. ork. Washington. Raleigh. Charleston. New Orleans. San plia. Blio. Nashville. Savannah. Mobile. Francisco. ,CI polis. St. Loeis. Memphis. Vikbg. Texas. Richmond. Ends. Begins.Eds. ns.. B s Begin. Endd. Begins. I Ends. Begin. edsB. gins. Ends - n. a. so. e. a. a. a. a. B. a~~~~. M. o. 5f. Os a. M. a. n. n. M. a. a. a. M. a. n. H. M. a. a. a.M 11 1 32 937 239927 256910 3138 53 3 258 41 2 48 9 1 9 34 2439 25 2599 8 316 8 52 3 238 39 25191 9 30 2 419 21 3 4 9 6 3 208 50 3 318 37 2569 1 9 26 2549 17 3 9 9 2 3248 47 3 3518 35 3 2910 9 820 3 09 12 3 14 58 3 28 8 44, 3 39R8 32 3 79 5 9 15 3 6'9 6 3 198 53 3 328 40 3 42(8 29 3 129 9 5.31242930 253919 349 S8, 3 12 9 0 3258 52 3 38 38 34 3 4(618 25 3 18 8 5 1' i 1869.] 315 WASHINGTON MERIDIAN. Augusta. Portland. Oregon. Rises. Ht. M. Morn. 33 1 1 1 33 2 13 2 49 3 39 8ets. 8 37 9 22 10 1 10 36 11 8 11 40 Mlorn. 12 46 1 23 2 6 2 53 3 44 Rises. 8 16 8 49 9 18 9 44 10 9 10 35 11 2 11 31 Boston. Albauy. Chicago. Rises. H. M. Morn7 34 1 3 I 35 2 16 2 53 3 43 Sets. 8 34 9 20 9 59 10 35 11 7 11 40 Morn. 13 48 1 26 2 9 2 57 3 48 Rises. 8 13 8 47 9 16 9 44 10 8 10 36 11 4 11 33 N. York. Philad'a. Ind'polis. Rises. Ht. M. Morn. ,35 1 5 I 38 2 19 2 57 3 47 Sets. 8 30 9 16 9 57 10 34 11 7 11 41 M~orn. 15 51 I 30 2 13 3 1 3 53 Rises. 8 10 8 44 9 14 9 42 10 8 10 36 11 5 11 35 Wash'tn. Baltim'e. St. Louis. R, ses. It. M Iorn. 7 36 I 7 I 41 2 23 3 1 3 52 Sets. 8 25 9 13 9 54 10 32 11 7 11 42 Morn. 17 54 I 34 2 18 3 (; 3 58 Rises. 8 6 8 41 9 12 9 41 10 8 10 37 11 7 11 38 N. Or'Is. Mobile. Texas. Rises. It. M. Morn. 8 41 1 16 1 54 2 40 3 21 4 14 Sets. 8 6 8 57 9 43 10 26 11 6 11 46 Morn. 26 1 7 1 51 2 38 3 28 4 20 Rises. 7 49 8 28 9 3 9 36 10 7 10 40 11 14 11 49 Sidereal ~Noon. Morn'g. n.M..g ; 22 5 18 5 14 5 10 5 6 5 2 4 58 4 54 4 50 4 46 4 43 4 39 4 35 4 31 4 27 4 23 4 19 4 15 4 11 4 7 4 3 3 59 3 55 3 52 3 48 3 44 3 40 3 36 3 32 3 28 38 24 Sun at Noon Mark. Moon in Meridian. Morning. I.M.ig 540 6 22 7 5 7 49 8 36 9 25 10 18 11 14 Ev. 13 1 11 2 9 3 5 3 59 4 51 5 42 6 33 7 24 8 16 9 9 10 2 10 55 11 47 M.,.. 37 1 20 2 11 2 54 3 37 4 18 5 0 5 43 San Fr'ncisco. Rises. n. M. Morn. 14 43 1 14 1 49 2 31 3 10 4 1 Sets. 8 29 9 17 9 59 10 37 11 13 11 49 Morn. 24 I 1 1 42 2 26 3 15 4 7 Rises. 8 10 8 46 9 17 9 46 10 14 10 43 11 14 11 45 nt. 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 3 4 3 45 3 56 4 7 4 17 4 27 4 37 4 47 4 56 5 4 5 13 5 20 5 27 5 34 5 40 5 46 5 51 5 56 6 0 6 4 6 7 6 9 6 11 6 12 6 13 6 13 6 12 6 11 6 9 6 7 6 4 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. AUGUST, 1869. MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET; FOR SUN' S UPPER LIMB. Ansta. Bastan.'I Net Tech. WasbialisH. Rtteilh. Ihaetesisa. Nsa Ositant. San iAugusta. Eoston. | Portland. Albany. Oregon. Chicago. SIN SUN Rises. j Sets. Rises. I Sets. H. MIlM HI M. HX M.H.H..H.H.H. H. M. H1. M. H 4 47 7 25 4 5217 20 4 48, 24 4 53 57 19 4 49 7 22 4 541718 4 50:7 21 4 5517 16 4 51 7 20 4 56 7 15 4 53 719 4 57 7 14 4 54717 4587 13 4 5517 16 4 59;7 11 4 56i7 14 5 0 7 10 4 57'7 13 5 117 9 4 58!7 12 5 2,7 8 4 59'7 10 5 3 7 7 1 5 17 9 5 47 5 5 27 7 5 57 4 5 3 7 5 o 6'7 2 5 417 4 5 7;7 0 5 5,7 2 5 8'6 5 9 5 6'7 1 5 9'6 57 5 816 59 5 1016 55 5 9165 575 11 56 5 4 5 1016 56 5 1216 52 5 1116 54 5 146 51 5 12653 51'6 50 5 13 6 51 5 16 6 4 8 5 14 6 49 5 17 6 47 5 16 6 48 5 18'6 45 5 17 6 46 5 19 16 44 5 18 6 44 5 20'6 42 5 19i6 42 5 21 6 40 1520640 5226 39 15 21!6 39 5 23i6 371 C~harleston. N~ew Orleans. Savannahs. Mobile. Vicksburg. Texas. SUN SUN Rises. Sets. Rises.. Sets. HI. M.,~H. M. 1H.Mh. 1. M. 5 14 6 58 5 19,6 53 5 146 7 57 19 6 5 2 75 1556 5 206 51 5 16'6 55 5 2116 50 5 1656 5 4 5 2116 4 9 5 17 6 53 5 22 6 48 5 18 6 52 5 2 21 6 48 5 18 651 5 2316 47 5 1916 50 5 2 3 6 46 5 2016 49 5 2416 45 5 2116 48 25 256 4 4 5 2116 47 52526 43 5 22'6 46 5 2616 42 5 23!6 45 5 2616 41 5 23i6 44 5 2716 40 5 2416 43 5 2816 39 5 25 6 42 5 28!6 38 5 2516 41 5 2916 37 5 26'6 40 5 2916 36 5 27}6 39 5 30 6 35 5 27 6.38 5 3Oi6 34 5 28.6 37 5 3116 33 5 29'6 36 5 3216 32 5 2916 35 5 3216 31 5 30;6 34 5 3316 30 5 31 6 33 5 3416 29 .3 3116 32 5 34]6 28 5 32,6 31 5 3516 27 5 33:6 29 5 3516 26 5 3316 28 5 3616 25 5 34i6 26 5 36 6 24 - i d . I j o I ::1 . I OdMon. 5201640 5221639 527634 530631 533628 536625 5296 31 31'Tti. 1521639 5231637 52t63 523633 531629 534626 536,624 530:629 LENGTH AND DECREASE OF DAYS. Augusta. Boston. Ro:ew 1ork. Washington. n | Portland. Alhary. I' Ladcl.ia. Balimore, 1 At Oregon. Chica,,o. anInhanaolis. St. Louis. L'th. Dcr'. L |h Dcr. L'th. Dcr. L'th. Der. 1 14 38 0 54 1428 0 49 1l 2u'0451141241 3 14 33 0 59 14 24 0 53 14 16 0 49, 14 9 0 44 14 2)1 4 1 141 0 58 14 12 0 53 14 51 0 4 8 114241 9 14151 2'14 80 57 14 1052 34 9 14 191 4114 14101 7 14 3 1 2 13 56 40 57 11 14 131 191 14 61 11 13 58 1 7 13 51 1 2 13 14 8 1 14 1 1 16 13 541 11 13 471 6 15 14 31 29 13 56 21 13491 16 1 3421 1105 17 13 58 1 341 13 51 1 26 13 441 21 13 371 16 19 13 52 1 40 13 45 1 32 13 39 1 26 13 32 1 21 21 13 46 1 46 13 4011 37 13 34 1 31 13 27 1 26 1 23 13 4111 52 13 351 42 13 291 36 13 231 30 5 25 13 35 1 57 13 3011 47 13 24 1 41 13 191 346 27 13 2912 3 132511 52 1319 146 1314 1 391 29 1132312 94 13191 58 13141 51 11310143 13 1 31 1113 172 15 13 14'2 31I3 9.1 50 13 5,1 48 Raleigh., Charleston. NewH Orleans. Nashv-ille. | Savannah. Mobile. Memphis. Vicksburg. Tes. L'th. |Dcr. |L'th. Dcr. L'th. Dcr. H. M.. M.] I. M..M. 1. M. H.b M. 1358i0 371 13 44 0 33 13 34 029 13 B5 0 401 13 410 36 13 310 32 13 B1 0 44 13 38 0 39 13 28 0 35 13 47 0 48 13 34 0 43 13 26 0 37 -13 43 0 52 13 31 0 46 13 23 0 40 1.3 39 0 56 13 27 0 50 13 19 0 44 13 35 1 0 13 24 0 53 1 116 0 47 13 31 1 4 13 21 0 56 13 13 0 50 13 27 1 8 13 171 0 13 10 0 53 13 23 1 121 13 14 1 3 13 7 0 56 1319 l 16 13 111 13 4059 13 15 1 213 7 1 1 13 1 1 2 13 11 1 24! 1.3 4 1 1. 1,) 57 1 6 13 7 1 28 13 1 1 l 12 54 1 9 13 3 1 3'21 I 57 5 20 12 51 1 1 12.58 1 3- 1 2 52 1 25, 12 48 1 15) i I i I i I 36 [1869. San Francisco. Richmond. SfUN Rises.ij Sets. H. M1.[|H. M[. 5 4~7 q 5 57 7 5 6 7 6 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 3 5 8 7 2 5 9 7 0 5 10 6 59 5 11 6 59 5126 58 513 6 56 5136 54 5 14 6 53 515 6 52 5166 51 5 17 6 50 5 18 6 49 519 6 48 520 6 47 521 6 45 5 22 6 43 5 22 6 42 5 23 6 40 5 24 6 39 5256 38 5 26 6 36 5276 35 5 28 6 33 5 29~6 32 5 29 31 5 30,6 29 Neu York. Plhiladelphia. Indianapolis. SUN Rises. ] Sets. n. M. ImH M. 4 5617 16 4 57i7 15 4 58 7 14 4 59 7 12 5 0 7 11 5 1 7 10 5 17 o 9 5 317 7 5 4i7 64 5 587 5 5 67 4 5 767 3 5 817 1 5 967 0 5 10 6 58 5 1116 56 5 1216 55 5 1316 5.3 5 1416 52 5 1516 51 5 16 6 49 5 1716 48 5 1816 47 5 1916 45 5 2016 44 5 2116 42 5 22l6 41 5 2316 39 5 24!6 38 5 2516 35111 5 2t;I 6 3,, Washington. Baltimore. St. Louis. SUN Rises. i Sets. H. hl. H. M~. 5 0 712 5 1'7 11 5 1 7 10 5 2 7 9 5 3i7 8 5 4 7 7 5 517 6 5 6'; 4 5 717 3 5 8 1,7 2 5 917 0 .5 10'6 59 5 11;6 58 5 12 6 57 5 13 6 55 5 146 53 5 15- 6 52 5 16 6 50 5 17i6 49 5 18'6 48 5 1916 46 5 20'6 45 5 21!6 44 5 2116 42 5 22 6 41 5 2316 40 5 24!6 38 5 25 6 37 5 2636 83( 5 27 6 34 5 28!6 33 Rtaleigh. Ntashville. Memphis. SUN Rises. i Sets. 5 7!7 5 5 8.7 4 5 8 7 3 5 917 2 5 10 7 1 5 11 7 0 5 12 6 59 5 12 6 57 5 13 6 56 5 14 6 55 5 15 6 54 5 16; 653 5 17 6 52 5 18 6 51 5 18 6 49 5 19 6 48 5 20 6 47 5 20 6 46 5 21 6 45 5 22) 6 43 5 23 6 42 5 24 6 41' 5 25 6 40 5 25 6 38 5 26 6 37 5 27 6 36 5 28 6 35) 5 2916 34 5 30!6 32 5 30 6 31 5 31 6 29 Day of the Week. 1 Sun. 2,Mona. 3 Tu. 41Wed. 5iTh. 6 Fri. 7 Sat. 8,Sun. 9 Moil. 10' Tu. 11 Wed. 12 Th. 13 Fri. 14 Sat. 15 Sun. 16 Mon. 17 Tu. 18!Wed. 19I Th. 20iFri. 21 Sat. 22iSun. 2!Mon. 24Tu. 25 Wed. 26 Th. 27~ Fri. 28 Sat. 29 Sun. 0 iMon. 811Tul. | S3an |Richmond. L'th. Dcr. 11. M. n~.. 14 80 44 14 0047 13 56 0 51 13 51 0 56 13 48 0 59 13431 4 13 39 1 8 13 35 1 12 13 31 1 16 13 27 1 20 13 21 1 26 13 17 1 i30 13 13 1 34 1 8 1 3.9 13 3 144 ,12 59 1 48 ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. AUGUST, Eighth Month. MEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND SETTING. ^ i Siderealt Sun at fMoon in 1 213 N o 29 12 6 1 6 2 M on Moo. MoMeridian. S.. t... s... 23.1 12 54 956 24. 3 16 112 5 571 715 25. 13 12 12 5 520 8 53 26 11 3 8 12 5 47 8 59 27. 1 3 4 12 5411 9564 28 1 3 1 12 5 35 10 554 3 3 29 1 2 57 12 5 28 11 549 0 8 2 53 12 5 20 Ev. 53 1 8 2 49 12 5 12 1 49 3 2.8 2 45 12 5 3 2 44 3.8 2 41 12 4 54 3 37 5 4.8 2 37 12 4 44 4 29 5.8 2 33 12 4 33 5 21 43 1 6.8 2 29 112 4 221 6 13 3 7.8 2 25 12 4 11 7 6 1 8.8 221 12 3 591 7 581 9 81 2 17 12 3 461 851 8 0.81 2 13 12 3 33' 9 43 11.81 2 9 0 12 3 191 10 33 12.81 2 5 l12 3 il 11 21 13.8 1 2 1 12 2 51 Mon- 14.81 157 12 235 7 35 2 5.815 154112 220 51 2462.81 1 50!12 2 4 1 34 17.81 1 46 112 1 481 2 16 18.8 1 42 12 1 311 2 57 19.8 1 38 12 1 141 3 39 20.8 1 34 12 0 56 4 22 21.8 130112 038 8 22.81126'I 120i 556 !23.81 1 22 112 0 21. 6 47 N. Yor k.! Wash'tn. i Ralegh. d Philad'a.:Baltim'e. N'shville. Ind'polis. St. Louis. Memp's. Rises. Ris es. Rises. nt. n. n. i. nt. n. Moru. Mlorn. Morn. 10 1I: 18 48 52 5 91 1 34 1 39 1 46 2 28 2 33 2 41 3 29 3 34 3 41 4 36 4 40 4 47 Sets.. s. Sets. 8 30 8 28 8 25i 9 8 9 7 9 6 9 42 9 43 9 44 10 17 10 19 10 21 10 52 10 55 10 59 11 30'11 34 11 40 Morn.. Morn.. 12 16 23 58 1 3 1 10 1 49 1 54 2 2 2 43 2 47 2 55 3 39 3 43 3 50 Rises. Ris e. Rises.. 7 15 7 13 7 9 7 45 7 44 7 42 8 12 8 12 8 11 8 39 8 40 8 40 9 6 9 7 9 9 9 35 9 37 9 41 10 7 10 10 10 15 10 44 10 48 10 54 11 25 11 30 11 37 Morn. Mo.n. Morn. 31243 23.81 1 22 12 0 21 6 47 Moon. Morn. Morn. Morn. Macn. Man. Morn. Morn. MOON S SAN PHASESO &Nc WASHINGTON. FIANCISCO. SITUATION OF THE PLANETS. New Moon......7 0E. 7 1 5 Ev. Venus in Leo until the 24th, then in Virgo. First Quarter..... 14 7 33 Mo. 14 4 32 Mo. Mars in Virgo all the month. Full Moon....... 21 11 15 Ev. 21 8 14 Mo. Jupiter in Aries all the month. Last Quarter..... 30 2 50 Mo. 29 11 49 Ev. Saturn in Scorpio all the month. Moon inPerigee.. 9 8.2 Mo. 9 5.2 Mo. Uranus in Gemini all the month. Moon in Apogee.. 24 9.9 Ev. 24 6.9 Ev. MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT. Raleigh. Charleston. New Orleans. San Nashaville. Saavannah. Mobile. Francisco. C g i o o Memphis. Vicksburg. Texas. Richmond. BBegins. Ends. lBegins. Ends. Begins. Ends. Begins. Ends. 6 8 459 3 8 3 3 3 48 8 24 3 20 8 51 332 8 38 3 44 8 26 3 53 8 17 3 26 8 44 3 37 8 31 348 8 20 3 47l 11 3 32 8 37 3 4 4 S 24 353 8 14 4 118 5 3 39 8 29 3 49 8 16 358 8 7 4 517 59 3 45 8 21 83 54 8 8 4 2 8 0 4 9 53 3 50 8 13 4 0!8 1 4 7 7 53 4 13 7 47 3 56 8 5 338822 3 42i8 18 3 49 8 12 3 528 9 4 018 1 4 7 7 53 4 137 47 3 56 8 5 i I I Il 18S9.] 37 |WAS]IINGTON MERIDIAN. I 213 2 214 3~215 4; 216 5 217 6 218 8 220 9221 10222 11 223 12;:224 13 225 14 226 15 227 16 228 17 229 18'230 19 231 20 232 21 233 221234 2,3'235 418236 1 723 2'! 238 27.239 28'i240 29r241 30A2 31, 243 Augusta. l'ortland. Oregon. Rises. 4 41 1 26 2 20 3 20 4 28 Sets. 8 33 9 9 9 42 10 14 10 47 11 24 Morn. 4 49 1 41 2 35 3 32 Rises. 7 19 7 48 8 13 8 39 9 4 9 31 10 2 10 37 11 18 Morn. Boston. Albany. Chicawgo. Rises. n~. M. Mlorn. 6 44 1 30 2 23 3 24 4 31 S3ets 8 32 9 8 9 42 10 16 10 50 11 27 Morn. 8 53 1 44 2 38 3 35 Rises. 7 18 7 47 8 13 8 39 9 5 9 33 10 4 10 40 11 21 Morn. Cha'ston. N. Or'ls. S Savan'h. Mobile. Vkb'. Texas. Fr'ncisco Vic~ksb'g. T.. Rises. Rises. Rises. fl. M. itn. 3M.,. ~. Morn. |Morn. Morn. 23 28 21 1 5 1 11 1 1 1 53 2 0 1 38 2 47 2 55 2 42 3 48 3 55 3 42 4 52 4 59 4 48 Sets. Sets. 3ets. 8 23 8 90 8 33 9 5 9 4 9 12 9 44 9 45 9 49 10 23 10 26 10 26 11 3 11 7 11 2 11 44 11 50 11 42 Morn. Morn. M.orn. 29 36 25 1 17 1 24 1 11 2 8 2 16 2 3 3 2 3 9 2 56 3 56 4 3 3 52 r.ises. Rises. Rises. 7 6 7 2 7 17 7 39 7 37 7 49 8 10 8 9 8 17 8 41 8 41 8 46 9 11 9 13 9 14 9 44 9 47 9 44 10 19 10 24 10 18 10 59 1 5 0 56 11 43 11 50 11 38 Morn. orn. 16 11 21 26 2B31 Augusta. Boston. Portland. Albany. Oregon. Chicago. Begins. Ends. Begi... End. Hx. M. U1. M. |H.H 2 44 9 28' 2 55 9 17 2 5419 17 1 3 5'3 7 3 3 9 7 314857 3 12 8 56 13 21 8 48 3 21 8 45 3 28 8 38 3 29 8 824 3 36 8 28 3 38 8 22 13 421!8 18 New York. Philadelphia. Indi.napolis. Begins. Ends. 3 i9 6; 3 14 8 57 1 3 21 8 48 3 298 40 13 36 8 31 1 3 43 8 21 349812 Washingthn. Baltimore. St. Louis. Begins. Ends. H.M. H.M., 314 8 58 3 20 8 50 3 27 S 42 3 34 8 34 3 41 8 26 3 47 8 17 3 52,8 9 THE AMIERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. SEPTEMBER, 1869. IEAN TI3IE OFP SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET; FOR SUN S UPPER LIIMIB. Anat. Bso. NnYr. Wsigo. Rlih hretn etOlas a Augusta. Boston. Portland. Albany. Oregon. Chicago. SUN SUN Rises. Sets. Rises. S Sets. n. r. n. M.M.M 5 23 6 3. 52426 35 5 24 6 35'5 26 6 33 5 25 6 33 5271 56 32 5 266 31 o 2816 30 5 27 6 30 5 2916 28 5 28 6 28!5 30 6 26 5 30.6 26 5 31 6 25 5 31 6 24 5 32 6 23 5 32 6 22 5 33 6 21 5 336 20 5 35 6 19 5 346 19 5 366 17 5 35 6 17 5 37 6 15 5 376 15 5.' 8 6 14 5 38 6 13 5 39 6 12 5 39 6 11 15 40 6 10 5 40 6 9 5 9 8 5 41 6 7 5 42 6 6 5 42 6 6 5 436 5 5 44 6 4 5 44 6.3 54 5 6 2 5456 6 1 5466 0 546 6 0 5 47 5 58 5 4, 5 58 54 8 5556 65 48 556 5 49 554 555 505 555 5 50 5 52 551 5 53 5 552551 5 52 5 51 55 53 5 49 15 531549 5 54 5 47!5 54t5 47 5 55 5 45 5 55 5 46 55 574 5 438 5 5 5 44 New Orleans. San Mobile. Francisco. Texas. Richmond. SUN SUN Rises. Sets. Rises. I Sets. 5 37 6'23 5 316 26 5 37 6 22 5 32 6 2( 5 38[6 21 5 33'6 25 5 3816 19 5 33!6 24 5 39 6 18 5 34 6 22 5 39 6 17 5 356 2( 5 40 6 16 5 36 6 19 5 40 6 15 5 37 6 17 5 416 13 5 376 15 5 42 6 12 5 386 14 5 42 6 11 5 39 6 1 5 43 6 10 5 4016 11 5 43i6 8 5 41li6 9 5 44]6 7 5 42!6 7 5 4416 6 5 42 6 6 5456 5 5436 4 5 45 6 4 5 44j6 3 5 46 6 3 5 4516 1 5 466 21 5 4616 0 5 476 1 5 47]5 58 5 476 0 5 47 557 5 485 58 5 48 5 55 5 48 5 57 5 49'5 54 5 49 5 55 5 50!5 52 5 50 5 54 5 51 551 5 50 5 53 5 52'5 49 5'51 5 51 5 53'5 48 5 51 5 501 5 54!5 46 5 52 5 491 5 55'5 44 5 2548 5 565 43 '30Th. 557543i556 lS5S1'545 5551545 554546 5535471552548' 5565 43 LENGTH AND DECREASE OF DAYS. | Augusta. Boston. |New York. Washington. |Portlaind. Albany. Plhiladelphia. Baltimore. S|Oregon Chicago. Indianapolis. St. Louis. , L' th. L'h. Dcr. L'th. Dcr. L'th. Dcr. I 14 113 1 218. 13 61 59 13 21 S1 3 13 9l2 24 13 59 1521'3 1 2 4 12 57 1 561 5 13 3 2 30 12 5912 1S 1I12 55 2 10 12 51 2 2 7 12 5712 36 12 542 223 112 50 2 15 12 46 2.7 9 12 51 2 42 12 482,9'12 44221 12412 1 12 412 1I'2 11 2 4 2 48 1 2 4212 35 12 3922 6 12 37 2 16 13 1 35 2 54 12 361241 192 34 2 31 12 3 2 21 115 12 32 3 0i 12 30 2 47 12 28 2 37 12 27 2 26 117 12 26 3 6 11 2 24 2 5,3 12 23 2 42 12 22 2 31 19 12 20 3 12 12 19 2 58 12 18 2 47 12 18 2 35 21 12 14 3 181 12 14'3 3 12 13 2 52 12 13 2 40 31 12 8 13240 12 813 9 112 8257 12 8 245 1201 12 213 0,1 2 2 3 2, 112 23 3 1 12 12 2 01 127 1.1 5613 36 1 11 56 "3 21' 5,7 3 8 ll 57 2 552 29 11 50! 3 4 21 1 5113 2 11 523 13 11 523 1 130!111 4'3 4, 11 48 3 2) 11 49,-3 16 il 5() 3 3 8 6 5 2 0 i i I i i 38 [1869. N,. Y.,,k. Phil.dlpli.. I.di...p.li.. SUN Ri... 5 27 6 33 5 28 6 31 5 29 6 30 5 30 6 28 5 31:6 26 5 32 6 24 5 3316 23 5 34 6 21 5 35! 6 19 5 3616 17 5 37 6 1 6 5 38 6 14 5 3916 1 3 5 40! 6 1 1 5 4116 9 5 4216 7 5 43 6 5 5 44! 6 4 5 44 6 2 5 45i6 0 5 4615 59 5 4715 57 5 4815 56 5 49:5 54 5 50'5 53 5 51!i-o 51 5 525 49 5 5315 48 5 5415 46 5 55115 45 W.hi.g B St. L..i.. SUN Ri.,.". 5 30 6 29 5 31 i6 28 5 32'6 26 5 33 6 24 5 34 6 23 5 35 6 21 5'3516 20 5 36-,6 18 5 3716 16 5 3816 15 5 39'i 61 3 5 40 6 1 2 5 41 6 1 0 5 41 6 9 5 4216 7 5 43 6 5 5 44 6 4 5 44 6 2 5 45 6 0 5 46 5 59 5 47 5 57 5 48.5 56 5 4915 54 5 50 5 53 5 51 5 51 5 5215 49 5 5315 48 5 5415 46 5.55 " 545 Dy f th. W,.k. 1!Wed. 2;Th. 3'Fi. 41 Sat. 5Sun. 61-,Nlon. 7iTu. 8iWed. 9ITh. 10,Fri. 11 Sat. 12 Sun. 13 -,Uon. 14 Tu. 15 Wed. 16 Th. 171 Fri. 18 i Sat. 19ISun. 20!-Afon. 21 1 TLi. 22IWed. 23 i Th. 24'Fri. 25 Sat. 126 Sun. i27 —,Nlon. 128 Tu. li29 Wed. 30 Th. R.Iigh' N. b,ill.. M.phi.,. SUN 5 32 6 28 5 33 6 2i 5 34 6 20 5 35 6 23 5 35 6 22 5 36 6 21 5 37 6 19 5 37 6 18 5 38 6 19 5 39 6 13 5 40 6 13 5 41 6 12 5 41 6 10 5 42 6 9 5 42 6 8 5 43 6 6 5 44 6 5 5 45 6 4 5 4 6 3 5 46 6 1 5 47 6 0 5 48 5 58 5 48 5 57 5 49 5 55 5 50 5 54 5 51 5 52 5 51 5 50 5 52 5 48 5 53 5 47 5 54 5 46 Ch.,I.t... S...... h. Vi,,k,.,g. SUN 5 3 6 2'-. 5 30 6 24 5 36 6 21-3 5 37 6 21 5 37 6 20 5 38 6 19 5 38 6 18 5 3t) 6 16 5 40 6 15 5 40 6 14 5 41 6 12 5 4') 611 5 42 6 9 5 43 6 8 5 43 6 7 5 44 6 6 5 45 6 5 5 45 6 4 5 46 6 3 5 47 6 1 5 47 6 0 5 48 5 59 5 48 5 57 5 49 5 55, 5 50 5 541 5 50 5 531 5 51 5 51 1 5 52.5 501 5 52 5 4811 5 53 5 47 i .t... 1 ..h. b.,,g.,= - S.' Rich...d. M..phi. Vi.k. L'lh, D.,. L'th. l 56 1 39: 12 50 12 51 1 44 112 46 12 47 1 48 12 43 12 43 1 52 12 40 12 38 1 57 12 36 12 34 2 112 32 12 30 2 512 28 12 26 2 912 24 1-2 22 2 13 12 20 12 I,,2 18 12 16 l2 13 11) 22 12 12 12 8 2 ) 7 12 8 12 3 2 3-21 12 4 11 59 2 36 12 0 11 54 ) 411 11 56 11 52 2 431 11 54 D.,. 1 27' i.31 1.34 1 37 1 41 1 45 1 49 1 53 1 57 2 1 5 2 9 2 13 2 17, 2 211 2 L'th. Il T6 12 43 12 39 I'-) 36 12 32 12 29 12 25 12 22 1.2 19 12 16 12 13 12 9 l'-,)5 12 1 11 57 11 50 D.,. 1 ii 1 20 1 24 1 27 1 31 1 34 1 38 1 41. 1 44 1 47 1 50 1 54 1 58 2 2 2 6 2 7 L'th. 12 57 12 5 12 48 12 43 12 38 12 33 12 28 .12 24 12 19 12 14 12 10 12 6 12 0 11 55 11 49 11 47 1 1 4 9 14 19 23 28 37 41 47 52 58 0 ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. SEPTEMBER, Ninth Month. MIEAN TIME OF MOON'S RISING AND SETTING. N. York. i Wash'tn.. Raleigh. Cha'ston. N. Or'Is. S S Philad'a.| Baltim'e. N'shville. Savan'h. Mobile. [nd'polis. St. Louis. Memp's. Vicksb'g. Texas. F,'rsL W DASHINGTON MIERIDIAN. I c Sidereal S3un at Moon in '< NooB. NoonMark. M,eridian. O ~~ o~ p Day. Ml'. Mri6 _ M.. M. F I1 244 24.8 1 18 11 5,9 43 7 41 2 245 2.8 1 14 111 59 241 8 37 3 246 26.8, 1 1(0 lli 59 51 9 36 4 247 27.8 1 6 11 58 46 10 34 5 248 28.8 1 2 11 58 26! 11 32 6 249 0.5 0 o9 11 58 6 Ey. 219 S 7 2O 1. 5 0 55 11 57 46 1 24 8 251 2.5 0 51 11 57 25 2 19 9 252 3.51 0 47 11 57 5 3 13 10 253 4.5i 0 43 11 56 44 4 6 11 254 5.51 0 39 11 56 23 5 0 12 255 6.5 0 35 11 56 3 5 54 13 256 7.5! 0 31 11 55 42 6 47 14 257 8.51 027 11 55 20 740 15 258 9.51 0 23 11 54 59 8 30 16 259 10.51 0 19 11 54 8 9 19 17 260 11.5! 0 15 11 54 17 10 5 18 261 12.5: 0 11 11 53 56 10 49 19 262 13.5 0 7 11 53 341 11 32 20 263 14.5 0 3 11 53 13 M. 21 2641 15 51 Ese. 11 52 52 14 6 22 265 16.511 52 11 5231 56 2312661 17.5 11l 48 11 52 10 1 37 2412671 18.5!11 44 11 51 50 2 20 25:268 119.5 11 40 11 51 291 3 4 26-269! 20.511 36 11 51 9 351 2712701 21.511 32 11 5049 440 28S2711 22.5 11 28 11 50 29 5 31 29272 23.5 1124 11 50 91 625 30 1273 24.5 11 20 11 49 501 7 21 MOON'S SAN PHASES, &5. WASHINGTON. FRANCISCO. SITUATION OF THE PLANETS. D.~~~~~ ~SIUTO H. M.E D,L11.TM. New Moon........ 6 0 58 Mo. 5 9. 57 Ev. Venus in Virgo until the 19th, then in Libra. First Qttarter.....12 4 15 Ev. 12 1 14 Ev. Mars in Virgo until the 6th, then Full Moon....... 20 3 33 Ev. 20 0 32 Ev. Jupiter in Aries all the month. Last Quarter..... 28 4 2 Ev. 28 1 1 Ev. Saturn in Scorpio all the month. Ioon in Perigee.. 6 3.3 Ev. 6 0.3 Ev. Uranus in Gemini all the month. Moon in Apogee.. 21 3.1 Mo. 21 0.1 Mo. MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT. August.. Boston. New York. Washington. Raleigh. Charleston. New Orleans. Ban Portlaind. Albany. Philadelphia. Baltimore. Nashville. Savannah. Mobil. Francisco. Oregon. Chicage. Indianapolis. t. Louis. Memphis. Vicksburg. Texas. Richmond. I E Begi.e.. Begins.. Ends. Begid s. End. B egins. En. Begins. Ends. Begins. Eends. Be.nds. Bgi. Ed _ H M E.H... M.. M. H. M. tl.M. H. M. H.M. H. M..M. H. M.!It. a. M. H. 1 33921 3441 1759 4 8752 414746 0 378 6 3478 9 3 508 6 3 568 1 3 59 7 57 4 6 7 50 4 12 7 441 4177 39 4 2 7 54 1 3 547 59 3 56 7 56 4 1 7 52 4 57 48 4 11 7 42 4 6 7 37 4 207 3% 4 87 4 6 4 7 4 2746 4 7 7 4 3 4117 39 4 167 34 4 20 7 29 4 247271 4147 3 1 87 738 4 9736 413 734 417730 421726 4247221 427720, 419728 61 475728 4 16727 4 19725 422721 42578 4287151 43()713 42472 01 4167 23 i 4 22 7 18, 4237 171 4 25)714 428 7 1111 4 317 9 4 3 7 7 427 7 1 1 1 I .1 !869.] 39 Augusta. Boston. Portland. Albany. Oregon. Chicago. Rises. Rises. 1 0 1 4 2 4 2 8 3 14 3 17 4 28 4 30 Sets. Sets. 7 37 7 37 8 12 8 12 8 46 8 48 9 22 9 25 10 2 10 5 10 47 10 51 11 35 11 39 Morn. Morn. 30 34 1 27 1 30 2 24 2 28 326 3 28 423 4 24 Rmses. Rises. 6 42 6 42 77 7 8 733 7 34 8 3 8 5 8 35 8 38 9 12 9 16 9 56 10 0 10 47 10 51 11 46 11 50 Morn. Morn. Rises. 19 2 12 3 21 4 33 7 37 8 14 8 50 9 28 10 9 10 55 11 44 Morn. 38 1 34 2 31 3 31 4 27 Rises. 6 42 7 9 7 36 8 8 8 41 9 20 10 4 10 56 11 54 Morn. Rises. 1 14 2 17 3 24 4 36 Sets. 7 87 8 15 8 53 9 31 10 13 11 0 11 49 Morn. 43 1 39 2 35 3 34 4 29 Rises. 6 42 7 9 7 38 8 1.0 8 45 9 24 10 9 11 0 11 59 Morn. Rises. 1 22 2 24 3 31 4 40 Sets 7 37 8 17 8 56 9 86 10 20 11 7 11 56 Morn., 51 1 46 2 41 3 38 4 32 Rises. 6 42 7 11 7 43 8 15 8 50 9 31 10 17 11 8 Morn. Rises. 1 28 2 X0 3 36 4 44 Sets. 7 37 8 18 8 59 9 41 10 -26 1 14 Morn. 3 57 1 5-2 2 47 3 42 4 35 Rises. 6 42 7 12 7 44 8 19 8 55 9 37 10 23 511 5 Morn. 14 Rises. 1 36 2 37 3 42 4 49 Sets. 7 37 8 20 9 3 9 46 10 82 11 21 Morn. 11 I 5 1 59 2 53 3 47 4 39 Rises. 6 42 7 14 7 47 8 23 9 1 9 44 10 31 11 23 Morn. 21 Rises. nt. M. 28 1 23 2 25 3 33 4 43 Sets. 7 43 8 21 9 0 9 39 10 22 11 8 11 57 Mor n. 52 1 47 2 43 3 42 4 36 Rises. 6 48 7 16 7 45 8 18 8 53 9 33 10 18 11 9 Morn. 8 40 TllE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. OCTO3ER, 1869. MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET; FOR SUN'S UFPEII LIRB. A~~I II~t~. N T~k. W h~~~. R~~~gb.! N~ O~I~~. S P~I1~~d. ATh~~y. Phil~d~pbi~. II~~~~~~. N~1~~~1~. N~bil~. F~&amp;~~~~. D~y ~ O~g~~. Chi~1~. I~di~~~~1~. S~. L~~i~. N~~5h~~. Yi~~b~~g. I T~~~~. R~~~~d. W~k. SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN SUN I~I~. Ri~~~.' S~I~. Ri~~. S~~. R~. S~I~. Ri~~~. 5~t Ri~~~. S~I~. Ri~~~. S~I~. R~~~. I~I~. iF'. 558541 557542 556543 556543 555544 554545 553546 5565 41 21Sat. 5 5915 40 5 585 40 5 575 44 5 57 5 41 5 56'S 42 5 55 5 43 5 54 5 44 5 57 5 40 3Sun. 6 01538 5~9539 558540 556540 5561541 555542 554544 5585 38 4 Mon. 6 1 5 36 6 1 S 3,7 6 0'S 38 5 59 5 38 5 57l5 40 5 56 5 44 5 55 5 42 5 59 5 37 S Tu. 6 3534 6 2536' 6 1537 6 0537 558539 ~`5 5540 556541 6 OS 35 6 Wed. 6 4 5 32 6 3 S 34 6 2~S 356 1 S 35 5 59 5 37 5 57 5 39 5 56 5 40 6 1 S 34 7 Th. 6 S'S 30 6 4 5 32 6 3'S 33 6 2 S 34 6 0 S 36 5 58 5 37 5 5 5 39 6 2 S 32 8Fri. 6 61529 6 5531 6 4512 6 3532 6 1534 1559536 558538 6 35 31 9 Sat. 6 7 S 27 6 6 5 29 6 5 S 30 6 4 S 31 6 1 S 33 5 59 5 35 5 58 5 37 6 4 S 30 10 Sun. 6 ~I~ 25 6 8 5 27 6 6'S 28 6 S 5 29 6 2 5 32 6 0 5 34 5 35 5 36 6 5 S 23 `11 MoIl. 6 10'S 23 6 9 5 26 6 7 S 27 6 6 5 28 6 3 S 1 6 1 5 33 6 0 5 35 6 5 S 27 12 Tn. 6 11 5 22 6 10 5 24 6 8 S 25 6 7 5 26 6 4 5 29 6 1 5 11 6 0 5 33 6 6 S 25 13 Wed. 6 1215 20 6 11 5 22 6 9115 24 6 8 S 25 6 5 5 28 6 2 5 50 6 1 5 32 6 7 S 24 14 Th. 6 14 5 18 6 12 5 21 6 10 5 22 6 9 S 2$ 6 6 S 26 6 3 5 29 6 2 5 31 6 8 S 23 l5Fri. 615517 613519' 6fl525 610522 6 6525,6 3528 6 2530 6 9521 iSSat. 616515 614517 612519 611520 6 752316 4526 6 3528 610520 "17Sun. 618513 615515 6131517 612519 6 8522 6 5525 6 4527 611518 iSIMon. 6 19 S 12 6 17 S 14 6 is}s 16 6 13 5 18 6 95 21 6 6 S 24 6 4 5 26 6 125 17 l9iTO. 6 205 10 6 185 12 6 165 14 6 145 16 6 105 20 6 7 S 2$ 6 5 S 25 6 14 S 16 20'Wed. 6 21 S 8 6 19 S 11 6 1715 13 6 15 S 15 6 11 S ~.) 6 85 22 6 6 5 24 6 15 S 14 21 Th. 6 23 S 7 6 20 5 9 6 18,'5 12 6 16 S 14 6 12 5 18 6 8 5 21 6 6 5 23 6 16 S 13 2' Fri. 6 24 5 S 6 21 5 8 6 19,5 11 6 17 5 13 6 13 S 17 6 9 5 20 6 7 5 22 6 17 S 11 Sat. 6 25 5 3 6 225 6 6 20 5 9 6 18 5 11 6 145 15 6 10 5 19 6 8 5 21 6 185 10 24'Sun. 6275 2 6235 5 6215 8 619510 615514,611518 6 852016195 9 285 0 6255 3,6 225 6 6205 9 616513 1612517 6 9519 6205 8 Tn. 62114 S9 6265 2 623,5 5 6215 8 617512 613516 610518 6215 6 27ilVed. 6311457 6275 0'6 24l~ 36225 61618511 614515 610517 622 S 5' 2d,Th. 6 32 4 56 6 284 59116 25,5 2 6 23 5 5' 6 19 5 10 16 15 5 14 6 11 5 16 6 23 S 4 29Fri. 6 31 454 6294S71 626'S 0 6245 3l'6205 8'16F15t3 612515 6245 4 SOSat 635453 630455 6271459 6255 2' 6205 7'616512 612514 6245 3 j1l'sun. 6 364 511 6 324 541 6 291,4 58' 6 265 1 6 21 5 61`6 r,s 11,6 135 13 6 25,5 2 LENGTII AND DECREASE OF DAYS. Ii I B~t~. N- Y~k.` W~fli~1~~. R~~igb. Ch~1~~t~~~. N~ e~1~~. I~ A'b~~y. Ph'J~d~Ipb~~. II~1~'~~~-. N~h~'il!~. I~~'~~'.~h. M~bi1-. I U~~g~~. Ch~~~1~. I~d~~~~p~U-. I~. L~~i~. M-~pLi~. Vi~~b~~1. T~~~. L'th.`~~~ I L'tb. I) &mdash;. L~-h. a~-. L~~b. D~~. L'Ih. a L.Ih. a~~. L'Ih. U~~. t'~. a~-. -....~,l.. i~ 4~'s' ~ 11 49 2 46 11 51 2 26 11 53,2 10' 11 45 3 2 1`11 443481111 45,332 11 11383 55'lll 40,337 1141324 1142311 1145250 1147230 1149,214 11403 7 S 11 324 1 11 34,3 43 11 36 3 29 11 37 3 16 11 40~2 55 11 43 2 34 11 45 7 11 26 4 7`11 28,3 49 11 30 3 35 11 32 3 21 11 36,2 59 11 39,2 38 11 - 2 18 11 35 3 12 42,2 21 11 30 3 17 9 11 20 4 13`11 231,3 54 11 250]3 40 11 27 3 26 11 3213 3 11 3612 41 11 39,2 24 11 26 3 21 11 11 1414 19 111 1714 0 11 20 3 45 11 223 31 11 2713 8 11 32 2 45 11 35'2 25 11 22 3 25 b3 11 8,4 25 11 11'4 6 11`143 51 11 173 $6 11 253 12 11 28'2 49 11 31 2 32 11 173 30 la 11 2 4 31 11 614 11 11 9 3 56 11 12'3 41 11 18'3 17 11 24'2 53 11 28,2 35' 11 12 3 35 17 10 ~l'~ 36' 01417 11 44 1 11 7346 11 143 ~1 11 201257 11 2412391111 7340 19 10 50,4 42 110 54 4 23 10 S8 4 7 11 2 3 51 11 9 3 26 11 1613 1 11 20 21 1044448 11049428 1054411 1058356 11 53 11 t3,3 4 11172 43,'11,?l~ 45 I 30 2 46 so ~ 3 50 23 10 38 4 54`10 44 4 33 10 49 4 16 10 25 1032'S 0 ~10 ~5l4 39 ~~ 21110494 0 11 1334 11 9'3 8 11132 50'l10 52355 I ~l~ 4 1057338 11 S'3 12 1110253111048359 27' 10275 5 1033,444 10994C 9 Ii;l2) 104414 9 1053342 11 ~316 11 7,256110434 4 2 021511 10281449 ~~ ~l~ ~ 1039414 1048347 105320 ii 3'3 ol,'so 404 7 35!,1010517l'1022l455 11029143611035,418 10441351! 10543231,11 OS 3,11037410 28u 7m.u j' r 1 0u 1o / o 11 39 11 46 114 513 I1 40 1. Morn. Morn. Morn. Morn. 36 42 48 37 1 31 1 56 1 41 1 33 2 27 2 31 2 35 2 31 3 22 3 24 3 27 3 26 4 16 4 17 4 18 4 21 5 11 5 10 5 10 5 17 Rises Rises. Rise s. Rises. 6 16 620 69,4 20 6 52 6 57 7 2 6 54 7 30 7 36 7 42 7 32 813 8 20 8 27 814 9 3 9 10 918 9 4 957 10 4 10 12 9) 58 10 157 11 3 11 10 1058 52 0 Morn. Morn. Morn. 7Morn. 5 11 2 1 v 110 1 15 1 9 2 16 2 1i 2 21 2 20 30303 125.1 922 11 4344 758 54 56 59 1 2 1 6 1 10 1 15 1 9 311304 126.1 9 18 11 43 42 8 52 2 8 2 9 2 11 2 13 2 16 2 18 2 21 2 20 :MOON S SAN MOONISE, WASHINGTON. FRAcIScO. SITUATION OF THE PLANETS. RHASES, &". FRANCISCO. 1). 11. M. D. H. M. New Moon....... 9 11 Mo. 5 6 1( Mo. VenusinLibrauntil the13thl, thel in Scorpio First Quarter.... 12 4 54 Mo. 12 1 53,Io. Mars in Libra until the 18th, then in I'L. Full Moon.......20 8 49 Mo. 20 5 48 Mlo. Jupiter in Aries all the month. Last Quarter.....28 A 26 Mo. 28 0 25 Mo. Saturn in Scorpio all the month. Moon inPeriee.. 5 2.2 Mo. 4 11.2 Ev. Uranus in Gemini all the mouth. Moon inApogee.. 18 4.5 Mo. 18 i.5 Mo. Venus nearest Mlars the 6th. Saturii nearest Venus the 25th. MEAN TIMIE OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT. Augusta. Boston. N o, York. Washllington. Raleigh. Charleston. New Orleans. San Portland. Albany. Philadelphia. Baltimore. Nbashville. Savannah. Mobie. Francisco. Oregon. Chicago. Indianapolis. St. Louis. Memphis. Vicksburg. Texas. Riclmond. Begins. Ends. Begins. Ends. Nerns.rnds. Begins. Ends. Begins d. nErd. lEnds. Brgins. IEd. Begins. End. - n.M.n. nn. n1nM.!no. n.. r....n. n..n.. N. n. N. M. }1. M. n. M. n. M 1 4 21 3 7 257 16 4 277 13 4 307 10 4 32 8 4 34 7 4 29 7 1' 6 4 26 7 10 4 2917 7 4 3117 5 4327 4 1 4 347 2 4 357 1 4 3716 59 4 337 11 4 33 7 0 4 35 6 58 4 3616 56 4 37'6 5 6 4 3'6 55 4 38 6 55 4 401 6 53 4 37 6 5 6 4 3916 52 4 40 6 50 4 416 48 4 42 6 49 4 42 6 49 4 426 49 4 436 48 4 42 6 4 21 4 466 44 4 46 6 43 4 4616 41 4 47 f6 43 4 46 6 44 4 46.6 44 4 4616( 43 4 476 44 26 4 5216 37 451!6 37 4 5116 36 4526 37 4 51'6 38 4 506 39 4 496 39t) 4 52 6 38 31 30 4 576 45 31 4 5616 32 4 57.6 31 4 55 6 4 4 6 35 4 5216 3 4 54616 32 1 13 11 27 Morn. 20 1 22 2 21 3 18 4 14 5 11 Rises. 6 10 6 43 7 19 8 1 8 50 9 45 10 45 11 50 Morn. 59 2 11 .~u oo 11 32 Morn, 29 1 26 2 23 3 19 4 15 5 11 Rises. 6 12 6 47 7 23 8 6 8 55 9 5, 0 10 49 11 54 Mlorn. I 2 2 13 12 285 13 286 14 287 15 288 16 289 17 290 18 i291 19 292 20 293 21 294 221295 24 297 2.s| 98 26 299 27i300 281301 20 302 301303 31! 30,4 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.1 116.1 ,17.1 I18.1 119.1 120.1 21.1 122.1 .23.1 124.1 25.1 1 26.1 11 46 26 11 46 11 11 45 58 11 45 45 11 45 32 11 45 20 1145 8 11 44 58 11 44 47 11 44 38 11 44 29 11 44 21 11 44 13 11 44 7 11 44 1 11 43 56 11 43 51 11 43 47 11 43 44 11 43 42 v ~6 7 16 8 3 8 48 9 31 10 13 10 55 11 36 Morn. 19 1 3 1 49 2 37 3 27 4 20 5 14 6 9 7 3 7 58 8 52 11 19 Morn. 18 I 1 2 16 3 15 4 12 5 12 Rises. 6 5 6 37 7 12 7 52 8 42 9 36 10 37 11 43 Iorn. 54 2 8 11 23 Morn. 21 1 19 2 18 3 1(; 4 13 5 11 Rises. 6 7 6 40 7 15 7 56 8 46 9 40 10 40 11 46 Mvorn. 56 2 9 10,3, 10 29 10 25 10 21 10 17 10 13 10 9 10 5 10 2 9 58 9 54 9 50 9 46 9 42 9 38 9 34 9 30 9 26 9 22 9 18 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. NOVEMBER, 1869. MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET; FOR SUN'S UPPER LIMB. I Aoea Bot. NwTok Wahot. Raeh. Coeoo.,1 ~001~ a New Orleans~l San Mobile. Francisco. Texas. Richmond. SUN SUN, E i e e. S e e. R e c e. t o t e R i e e. t t e. i o c e t o t. R i e o. e t e. I l l o c. t t e. R is es e | t oet. R is es. | S oet. HH. M. sH. M. H. M. H. 0t. 614513 6275 0 6 15 5 12 6 28 4 59 6 16 5 11 628,4 59 6 17 5 10 62914 58 6 1 7 5 10 6 31 4 57 6 18 5 9 6324 56 646 19 5 8 6 334 55 6 20 65 8 634 4 54 6205 7 6354 53 6 21 5 6 6 37 4 52 T6 66225 6 6384 51 6235 5 6394 50 66245 5 640449 6 25 5 4 641 4 49 6 265 4 641 4 48 6 626 5 3 6 42 4 47 627 5 3 64314 46 6 28 5 2 64514 46 76 295 2 64614 46 6 295 2 647 4 45 6 305 1 6 474 45 6 31 5 1 6 48 4 44 6 325 1 6494 43 6 33 5 0 650 4 43 6345 0 6514 42 634 5 0 6524 42 446355 0 65534 42 6 365 0 6 554 42 6375 0 6561442 6 385 0 6 5714 41 301Tn. 117 154 23 7 94 28 7 414 34 6 594 39 6 51 4 47 6 444 541: 6 385 01 6 574 41 LENGTH AND DECREASE OF DAYS. Aegoeta. DeeRe. New Took. WeehingOon. Raleigh. Chaeleeloc. New O'eene. San Charleston. N'ew O'sleans. eiav annah. Mobile. Vicksburg. Teae. L'th. Dcr. L'th. Dcr. in H. M. 0.. HM, | 11. M..x. M. 1 9 7 8 0 2 10.5325' 10593 4 ; 61048 328 10 553 8 0 5 32 104 5 3 32 10533 10 4 10 41 3 36 10 49 3 14 8 10 37 3 40 10 47 3 16 2 10 34 3 43 1044 3 19 6 10 30 3 47 10 41 3 22 010 27 3 50 10 38 3 25 3 10 25 3 52 10 36 3 27 6 10 21 3 56 10 333 30 9 10 19 3 58 10 31 3 32 1 10 174 0 10 293 34 4 10 144 3 10 26 3 37 6 10 13 4 4 10 25 3 38 8 10 114 6 10 23 3 40 10 10 4 7, 10 22 3 41 0 9 8624: 919558 930535 940513 955440 10104 7 1022341 9445 3 I I .1 8 9 0 1 2 i i 42 [1869. D.y f th. W-k. A I Mon. .2, T Li. 3'11 ed. 4 Th. 5 Fri. 6 Sat. 7 Sun. 8!Moii. Tti. OiWed. 1 Th. 2I.Fri. 3 " Sat. 4!Sun. 5'lNlon, 6 Ta. 7 Wed. 8 Th. 9 Fri. Sat. 1 Sun. 2 Mon. Tu. Wed. Th. 6 Fri. Sat. P.tI..d. o.g... SUN 639,4 49 64014 47 641 4461 643 445 644 444 64D 442 647 441 648 440 649 439 651 438 652 437 653 436 655 435 656 434 657 433 659 432 70 4 31 71 4 30 73 4 29 74 4 29 75 4 28 76 4 27 78.4 26 79 4 26 710 425 711 425 71'3 424 714 424 715 423 B.t... Alb..y. Chic.g.. SUN 6 34 4 52 6 35 4 51 6 36 4 50 6 38 4 41) 6 39 4 47 6 40 4 46 6 4214 45 6 43 4 44 6 44 4 43 6 46 4 42 6 47 4 41 6 48 4 40 6 50 4 39 6 51 4 38 6 52 4 37 6 53 4 36 6 54 4 35 6 55 4 34 6 57 4 3,4 6 58 4 33 6 59 4 32 7 0 4 31 7 2 4, 31 7 3 4 30 7 4 4 30 7 5 4 29 7 6 4 29 7 8 4 29 7 9 4 28 N.,, Y.,k. Phil.delphi.. I.di...p.li,,. SUN Ri.,,,. 6 36 4 5i 6 3114 56 6 32'4 55 6 334 54 6 341!4 5,3 6 35'4 51 6 36'4 50 6 384 49 6 394 48 6 404 47 6 424 46 6 4314 45 6 4414 44 6 464 43 6 47 4 42 6 4814 41 6 4.914 40 6 50 4 40 6 51! 439 6 52'4 38 6 53'4 38 6 5414 37 6 5514 36, 6 5714 36 6 584 35 6 59 4 35 7 O'i 435 7 114 35 7 3'4 35 7 414 34 SUN 6 27:5 0 6 2814 59 6 29'4 58 6 304 57 6 3114 56 6 32 i 4 55 6 33' 4 54 6 35:4 5,'i 6 36 4 5-2 6 374 51 6 394 50 6 40'4 4f) 6 41 4 48 6 42; 4 47 6 4314 46 6 4414 45 6 4514 44 6 46'4 44 6 4714 4,3 6 484 42 6 49'4 42 6 50'4 41 6 51! 4 41 6 52'4 41 6 534 40 6 54'4 40 6 554 40 6 56 4 40 6 58 i'4 40 6 594 31,) SUN 23'5 4 245 3 25'5 2 2615 2 275 1 2s'! 5 0 30 il 459 3114 58 32,4 57 33! 4 56 3414 55 3514 54 3614 54 3714 53 3814 52 3914 51 4014 51 4114 50 4214 49 4214 49 4314 48 44 4 48 45 4 47 46 4 47 47 4 47 48; 4 47 49 4 47 50 4 47 51 4 47 ,I k u .I 8 9 0 1 2 91 6 1 6 2 6 21 6 22 6 23 6 24 6 25 6 26 6 27 6 28 6 29 6 30 6'31 6 32 6 32 6 33 6 34 6 35 6 36 6 36 6 37 6 38 6 3t) 6 40 6 40 6 41 6 42 6 43 6 44 5 4 5 3 5 2 5 2 1 0 0 59 58 58 57 56 56 55 55 55 54 54 54 54 -5 1 :5., ..i :51 .. I '5 i I A 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 30 A.g-t. P.,,..d. Alb..y. Og... Chi.g.. L'th. D.,. L'th. D.,. I.. ll 16 3 1191, 110, 210, 4 5 10 8,5 25 10 16.5 10 2 5 39 10 11 5 957 5 3;) 10 6 5 1 95:), 5 40 10 1 5 1 947 5 45 9 59;5 1 942 5 50 9 52'; 5 2 937 5 55 9 4715 3 983 5 59 9 4315 3 929.6 4 9 32i5 3 925 6 8 9 3,):5 4 921 6 12 9 3115 4 917 6 1 6 9 27:5 5 9l3i6 19 9 24'5 5 9lOi6 23 9 2115 5 9 86 2,41 9 195 5 N,, Y"k' Phil.d"pli,. L'th. D.,. 10 27 4 10 23 4 42 110 18 4 47 10 14 4 51 10 9 4 56 10 5 5 0 10 0 5 5 9 55 5 10 9 51 5 14 9 48 5 17 9 44 5 21 9 41 5 24 9 37 5 28 9 35 5 30 9 32 5 33 9 30 5 35 L'th. D.. l'O';,'i 4" 16 10 29 4 24 10 25 4 28 10 21 4 32 10 16 4' 37 10 11 4 42 10 7 4 46 10 3 4 50 9 59 4 54 9 56 4 57 9 53 5 0 9 50 5 3 9 47 5 6 9 45 5 8 9 42 5 1 1 9 40 5 13 R.Iig. N. h,ill,. L'h. 116 413, 31 1 51' 10 39 3 5 10 35 4 10 31 4 10 27 4 10 23 4 1 10 19 4 1 10 15 4 2 10 12 4 2 10 9 4 2 10 6 4 10 4 4 3 10 1 4 9 59 4 3 9 57 4 3 9 55 4 4 L'th. D.,,. 10 33 4 14 10 31 4 16 10 26 4 21 10 22 4 25 10 18 4 29 10 13 4 34 10 9 4 38 10 7 4 40 10 3 4 44 10 0 4 47 9 58 4 49 9 54 4 53 9 51 4 56 9 49 4 58 9 46 5 1 9 44 5 3 ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. NOVEMBER, Eleventh Month. ME AN TItIE O1F MOON'S RISING AND SETTING. ASHINGTON MERIDIAN. Sidereal Sun at Moon in 41 Noon. NoonMark. M er i dian.1 t Loortean ,Evening. Morning. j Rise s. IH. M. H. M. S. H5 HM. H H M. I 9 14 11 43 41 9i 45 3 202 9 10 11 43 41 10 39 4 4 36 2 9 7 11 43 41 11 34 5 52 9 3 11 43 42 Er. 31 Se&. 859 11 43 44 1 28 628 8 55 ill 43 47 2 25 7 15 . 8 i 11 43 51 3 22 8 9 8 47 11 43 55 417 9 4 33 843 11 44 0 5 9 10 6 34 8 39 Ill 44 7 5 58 11 6 8 35 ll 44 14 6 45 Morn. 8 31 11 44 21 729 7 8 27 11 44 30 811 1 6 8 23 il1 44 39 853 2 5 819 11 44 50 934 3 3 815 11 45 1 1016 4 1 811 114513 11 0 5 0 8 8 11 45261145 559 8 4 11 45 39 Morn. R.Rses. 1 8 0 11 4554 33 5 5 52 7 56 11 46 9 124 628 7 52 11 46 25 216 730 7 48 11 46 42 310 8 30 7 44 11 46 59 4 5 934 7 40 11 47 18 4 59 10 41 7 36 11 47 37 5 52 11 50 7 72 11 47 57 6 44 Morn. 728 11 48 17 736 1 2 7724 11 48 39 8 28 2 15 720 1149 1 920 3 27 3034j2637 7 20 11 49 1 9 20 3 27 3 27 3 25 324 3 22 3 21 3 19 3 30 MOON'S SAN RHASES, &c. WASHINGTON. FRANCISCO. SITUATION OF THE PLANETS. D. ~ 11 M lD. M. ewv Mfoon.........3 6 27 Ev. 3 3 26 Ev. Venus in Scorpio until the 8th, then in. irst Quarter.... 10 9 47 Ev. 10 6 46 Ev. Mars in Scorpio until the 28th. Full Moon.......19 2 10 Mo. 18 11 9 Ev. Jupiter in Aries all the month. ast Quarter.....26 1 6 Ev. 26 10 5 Mo. Saturn in Scorpio all the month. Ioon in Perigee.. 2 0.4 Ev. 2 9.4 Mo. Uranus in Gemini all the month. Moon in Apogee.. 114 3.7 Ev. 14 0.7 Ev. Jupiter brightest this month. Moon in Perigee..!30 4.1 Ev. 30 1.1 Ev. Mars nearest Saturn the 9th. MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT. Augusta. Bosto. Ne YTork. W|ashington. Raleigh. Charleston. I New Orleans. San Portland. Albany. Philadelphia Baltimore. Nashville. Savannah. Moblo. Francisco. Oregon. Chicago. Indianapolis. St. Louis. Memphis. Vicksburg. Texas. Richmond. a Begins. Ends. Begins. Ends. Begins. Ends. Begins. Ends. Begins. Ends. Begins. Ends. Begins. Ends. Begins. Ends. - 11 H. HH........... H.M. M. H. H. H. M. a. M. H. M. a. n. a.. 4 59 6 28 4 58 6 30 4 57 6 31' 4 631 4 55 6 33 4 54 6 34 4 5336 35 4 5 6 31 516 4 6 24 5 3 6 25 31 4 57 16 325 16 21 6 5 5!623 5 46 24 5 6 2 5 2 26 5 06 28 458 630 457632 5 1627 5 11 6i 18 5 9 6 20 5 8 6 20 5 6 6 22 5 4 6 24 5 26 27 5 0 6 29 5 5 6 23 5 17'6 13 5 14 6 16 5 13 6 16 5 10 6 19 5 8 6 21 5; 6 24 5 416 27 5 9 6 20 L 5 22'i6 10 5 19 6 13 5 18 6 14 5 15 6 17 5 12 6 19 5 10 6 22 5 716 26 5 13 6 18 5 27 6 8 5 24 6 11 5 23 6 12 5 2(0 6 15 5 17 6 18 514 6 21 5 10 6 25 5 18 6 1 , 5 316 7 528 6 10 5 26 6 11 5 24 6 14 5 20 6 17 517 621 512 6 25 5 22 6 15 i I ? 2 2 1869.] 43 WJ A aD.a. 21306 28.1 3;307 29.1 41!308 0.7 5-309 1.7 6! 310 2.7 7i311 3.7 8 31, 4.7 9',313 5.7 101314 6.7 11135 7.7 21316 8.7 131317 9.7 14i318 10.7 15'319 11.7 16!390 192.7 717'81 13.7 8i312 14.7 9132,3 15.7 201324 16.7 1 j325 117.7 221326 18.7 13289,7 19.7 328 20.7 5329 121.7 16330!12.7 ~7 331 123.7 3,.32 124.7 .)9333 25.7 132'34 i 26.7 . Raleigh. ~ N'shville. ~Memp's. Rises. nt..M. 3 23 4 34 5 44 6 46 7 36 8 31 9 25 10 25 11 22 Morn. 19 115 2 10 3 4 3 57 4 52 5 48 Rises. 6 11 6 49 7 52 8 46 9 51 10 55 12 0 Morn. I q 2 15 3 22 Cha'ston. Savan'h. Vicksb'g. Rises. 8t. hr. 3 24 4 33 5 42 Sets. 6 52 7 42 8 38 9 31 10 31 11 27 M~orn. 23 1 8 21 18 2 11 3 4 3 56 4 50 5 44 Rises. 6 18 6 55 7 59 8 57 9 57 11 0 Morn. 3 1 9 2 15 3 21 N. Or'Is. Mobile. Texas. Rises. 4 32 5 39 Sets. 6 59 7 50 8 46 10 38 11 33 Mforn. 28 1 21 2 13 3 4 3 55 4 47 5 40 Rises. 692 7 4 8 7 9 5 10 4 11 5 M/orn. 7 1 11 2 15 3 19 San Fr'ncisco. Rises. 3 2 4 40 5 52 Sets. 6 48 7 37 8 32 9 26 10 26 11 24 Morn. 22 1 19 2 15 3 10 4 4 5 0 5 56 Rises. 6 13 6 50 7 53 8 49 9 53 10 58 Morn. 4 1 12 2 22 3 30 , THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. DECEMBER, 1869. MEAN TIME OF SUN-RISE AND SUN-SET; FOR SUNIS UPPER LIMB. August, e.! | Bos ton. New York. Uasifington. ortL. Aibany. Ph,iad el ia. B al Sore. Day of f Oregon. i/ Ctlicaoeo. Indianapoli s.' S;t. Lohsis. the Week. SUN SUN SUN SUN Rises. Sets. Rises. Sets. Rises. Sets. Rises.I Sets. n-............ H. I. H. M. M | H. M. H.. Wed. 7 164 23 7 1014 281 7 514 34 7 0439 Th. 71714 22 71114 281 7 614 34 7 14 39 Fri. 7 184 22 7 124 28 7 71 2 4 34 7 204 39 Sat. 7 194 22 7 1314 28 7 8 4 33 7 3i4 39 Sun. 7201422 7144 21 7 94 33 7 41438 Moen. 721422 715428, 710433 7 51438 Tu. 7 22 4 22 7 16 4 28! 7 1114 33 7 64 38 Wed. 7 2.3 4 22 7 17 4 28 7 12!4 33 7 714 38 Th. 7 24 4 21 7 18 4 28 7 13 4 33 7 814 38 Fri. 7254 21 7194 28!7 144 33 7 94 38 Sat. 7 26 4 21 7 20 4 28 7 15!4 33 7 10 4 38 Sun. 7 27 4 22 7 214 281 7 1614 33 711 4 38 13 o n. 7 28 4 22 7 22 4 28 7 16!4 33 7 11 4 38 Tu. 7 284 22 7 23 4 28 7 17!4 33 7 1214 38 Wed. 729 4 22 7244 29'71844 3 4 7 13 4 39 Th. 7 30 4 22 7 24 4 29 7 1'84 34 7 1314 39 Fri. 7 30 4 23 7 25 4 291 7 19!4 34 7 14 4 40 Sat. 73142.3 725429 719434 71-4440 Sun. 7 32 4 23 726 4 301 720,4 35 7 15 4'41 llMon. 7 32 4 24 7 26 4 30 7 204 35 7 15 4,41 Tn. 7 33 4 24 727 4 31 7 21 4 36 715 4 42 Wed. 7 33 4 25 7 27 4 31 7 21 4 36 7 16 4 42 Th. 7 33 4 25 7 284 32 7 22:4 37 7 164 443 Fri. 734 4 26 7 28 4 32 722'4 37 716 4 43 Sat. 734 4 27 7 28 4 33 7 224 38 7 17 04 44 Sun.1 7354 27 729 4 33 7 23'4 38 71744 44 Mon. 7 35 4 28 7294 341 7 23!4 39 7 17,4 4 5 Tu. 7.35 4 29 729 4 34 7 23!4 39 7 1844 45 Wed. 7 35 4 29 7 294 35, 7 23!4 40 7 1814 4 6 Th. 736 4 30, 7 30 4 36 724'4 41 7 184 4 7 Fri. 1 3614 311 7 30 4 3 7 244 442 7 1944 48 LENGTHI AND DECREASE OF DAYS. I Aspects. Bestee. New Teek. Weshieglee. Ralst5h. Chaelestewn. New OstesHe. See New York. Philadelphia. Indianapolis. | L'th. | Dcr. | 9 2915 31 9 27 5 33 9 2,4 5 36 9 22 5 33 9 20 5 40 9 18 5 42 9 17 5 43 9 16 5 44 9 15 5 45 9 15 5 45 9 15 Incr. 9 150 0 9 160 1 9 160 1 9 170 2 9 180 3 |Augulsta. Portland. | Oregon. L'th. Dcr. _ HE. M.,'I~. M. 1 9 7626 3 9 46 28 5 9 16 31 7 8 59 6 33 9 8 5 35 11 8 5, 6 37 13 8 (5, l; 38 15 8 53'6 39 17 8 r5, 640 19 8 51 6 41 21 8 513Ic.. 23 8 51 0 0 25 8 52i0 1 27 8 53i0 2 29 i 8,530 4 31 8 5410 5 29 8 53 0 4 9 6 0 2 9 17 0 2 9 28 0 2 9 4410 2 10 10 2 10140 1 9350 2 31 8 54,0 5 9 7 0 3 9 18 0 3 9 29 0 3 9 45 0 3 10 210 3 10 15 0 2 9 36 0 3, .1 I I I I i 44 L186-9. i SUN S"t.. 6 45 4 54 6 46 4 54 6 47 4 54 6 47 4 54 6 48 4 54 6 49 4 54 6 50 4 54 6 50 4 54 6 51 4 54 6 52 4 55 6 53 4 55 6 54 4 55 6 55 4 55 6 56 4 56 6 56 4 56 6 57 4 56 6 57 4,56 6 58 4 57 6 58 4 57 6 59 4 58 6 59 4 58 7 0 4 59 7 0 4 59 7 0 5 0 7 1 5 1 7 1 5 1 7 1 5 2 7 2 5 3 7 2 5 4 7 3 5 5 O'l"..". S.. Rieh...d. SUN SUN 6 5 o 6 40 5 06 58 4 41 6 40 5 07 0 4 41 6 41 5 07 1 4 41 6 42 5 07 1 4 41 6 43 5 07 2 4 41 6 44 5 07 3 4 41 6 44 5 17 4 4 41 6 45 5 17 5 4 41 6 46 5 17 6 4 42 6 46 5 17 7 4 42 6 47 5 27 8 4 42 6 48 5 27 8 4 43 6 48 5 27 9 4 43 6 49 5 37 9 4 44 6 49 5 37 10 4 44 6 50 5 37 11 4 44 6 50 5 37 11 4 45 6 51 5 47 12 4 45 6 51 5 47 12 4 45 6 52 5 57 13 4 46 6 52 5 57 13 4 46 6 53 5 67 13 4 47 6 53 5 67 14 4 47 6 53 5 77 14 4 48 6 54 5 77 15 4 496 54 5 8i 715 4 4.9 6 55 5 97 15 4 50 6 55 5 9 1.7 16 451 6 55 5 10 7 16 4 51 6 56 5 11 1 7 16 4 52 6 52 6 53 446 6 54 446 6 55 446 6 56 446 6 5'7 446 6 58 446 6 59 446 6 59i4 46 7 014 46 7 1 4 46 7 24 46 7 3 4 46 7 4 4 46 ,7 -5,4 47 7 5!4 47 7 64 48 7 614 48 7 714 49 1 714 49 7 8!4 50 7 8!4 50 7 9!4 51 7 94 51 7 9!4 52 7 9!4 52 7 94 53 7 104 53 .7 10!4 54 7 10'4 55 7'll 14 56 B.t... Alb..y. L'lh. 9 18'5 59 9 1616 1 9 14; 6 3 9 12i6 5 9 10:6 7 9 86 9 9 6! 6 11 9 5'6 12 9 4 6 13 9 4 6 13 9 4 9 4 0 0 9 5 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 2 9 7 0 3 W."hi.gt... L'Ib. D,,. 9.3.9 514 9 37 5 16 9 3415 19 9 3 ..5 22 9 305 23 9 28 5 25 9 27 5 26 9 26 5 27 9 26 5 27 9 26 5 9 26 I.! 9 26 0 0 9 27 0 0 9 27 0 1 9 28 0 2 9 29 0 3 R.I"igh. N.h,ill.. M..Phi.. L'th.. I D.. 9 5414 48 9 5214 50 9 50'i 4 52 9 484 54 9 47!, 4 55 9 45 4 57 9 43 4 59 9 4215 0 9 4215 0 9 42 II 5 0 9 42,1 2, 9 4 io 0 9 42iO 0 9 43iO 1 9 44 0 2 9 45O 3 ch.,I.t.-. 8...... h. Vi.k.b.g. L'th. I D,. 10 10 1 4 19 10 8 4 21 10 7 4 22 10 514 24 10 4 4 25 10 2 4 27 10 1 4 28 10 0 4 2.9 9 59 4 30 9 59 4 30 9 59 9 5.9 0 0 9 59 0 0 10 0 0 1 10 1 0 2 10 210 3 X.- 0, M.bil.. T..... L'th. D,,. .. ii! ... 10 44 10 20 4 45 10 1814 47 10 17 4 48 10 16 4 49 10 15 4 50 10 14 4 51 10 13 4 52 10 13 4 52 10 13 4 52 10 1,3 I..,. 10 13 0 0 10 13 0 0 10 14 0 1 10 14 0 1 10 15 0 2 L'th. D,. .. zi.. i 9 5 9 41 5 6 9 40 5 7 9 38 5 9 9 36 5 11 9 35 5 12 9 35 5 12 9 35 5 12 9 33 5 14 9 33 5 14 9 33 I..,. 9 34 0 1 9 34 0 1 9 34 0 1 9 35 0 2 9 36 0 a i 0, 41H 1154 9 11 54 38 1155 7 11 55 36 1156 5 11 56 34 11 57 4 11 57 33 158 3 11 58 33 1159 3 11 59 33 12 0 3 12 033 12 1 3 12 132 12 2 2 12 231 1230 12 329 30 364 27.3 5 22 12 3 0 9 54 4 49 4 45 4 42 4 38 4 32 4 26 4 20 4 42 31 365 28.3 5 19 12 3 29 10 50 6 7 6 3 5 59 5 54 5 47 5 40 5 33 5 57 MOON'S SAN PHASES, &. WASHINGTON. FRANCISCO. SITUATION OF THE PLANETS. D. H. M. D. H. M. New Moon........ 3' 5 3,3 Mo. 232M. 323 tsVenus in Sagittarius until tihe 6th, then in O. First Quarter..... 10 6 3 Ev. 10 3 2 Ev. Mars ill Sagittarius all the month. Full Moon.......18 6 42 Ev. 18 3 41 Ev. Jupiter in Aries all the month. Last Quarter..... 25 9 26 Ev. 2 5 6 25Ev. Saturn in Scorpio all the month. Moon in Apogee.. 12 10.1 Mo. 12 7.1 Mo. Uranus in Gemini all the month. Moon in Perigee.. 27 1.7 Ev. 27 10.7 Mo. MEAN TIME OF BEGINNING AND END OF TWILIGHT. B|Augusta. I 1oson. N Y York. WoohihgtoR. aleigh., Charlestoo. | New Orleans. San Portland. Albany. Philadelphia. Baltimore. Nashville. Savannah. Mobile. Francisco. Oregon. Chicago. Indianapolis. St. Louis. Memphis. Vicksburg. Texas,. Richmond. -BGi E.EH. Bgi. E.d.. B..... BE.ed. Begis.d. BeiS. End. Begins. nds. Bgi.Ed. Bgi... End.. _ El. M. H. M. H. M. | I. H. H. M.Tn. M. n. M. H. M. H. M.I|. H. H. M. H. M. H. Ht. H. H. H. H. H. M. 1 5 3261 7 5 29,6 9 5 276 11 5 25 6 13 5 216 17 5 176 21 5 13 6 25 5 23 6 15 6 5 37 6 6 5 34 6 9 5 32!6 11 5 29 6 14 5 25i6 18 52116 22 5 17 6 2(i 5 27 6 1 11 5 41 6 7 5 38:6 8 5 3616 11 5 336 14 5 286 19 5 241624 5 216 27 5 31 6 17 16 5446 8 5 4116 9 5 39 6 12 5 366 15 5 3116 21 5276 27 5 24 6 28 5 346 18 21 5 47 6 10 5 44 6 12 5 42 6 14 5 39 6 17 5 3516 23 53016 29 5 27 6 29 5 37 6 20 26 5 49 6 13 5 46 6 15 5 4 6 17 5 41 6 20 5 3716 25 5326 31 5 29 6 32 5 39 622 31 1 5 52 6 15 5 48 6 19 5 4516 21 5 43 6 24 5 39 6 29 53416 33 5 31 6 36 5 416 6 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .2 3 3 I 2 55 I 48 2 41 3 35 4 29 5 25 Rises. 5 52 6 50 7 51 8 53 9 58 I1 2 Morn. 5 1 9 2 15 3 21 4 26 5 40 4 56 1 47 2 39 3 31 4 24 5 19 Rises, 6 0 6 58 7 58 8 59 10 2 11 4 Morn. 6 1 8 2 12 3 16 4 20 5 33 4 1 0 1 51 2 50 3 46 4 43 5 41 Ri.... 5 46 6 44 7 46 8 50 9 57 114 M.,.. .10 2 25 3 34 4 42 B 57 6 &3 6 29 6 25 6 21 6 17 6 14 6 10 6 6 6 2 5 58 5 54 5 50 5 46 5 42 5 38 5 34 5 30 5 26 5 22 5 19 b 4Y 7 30 8 12 8 55 9 39 10 26 11 16 Morn. 9 1 4 2 0 2 55 3 49 4 42 5 33 6 23 7 14 8 6 8 59 9 54 10 50 luorn. 52 1 50 2 49 3 48 4 47 5 48 Rises. 5 23 6 22 7 26 8 22 9 43 10 53 Morn, 3 1 13 2 25 3 37 4 49 6 7 Morn. 52 1 50 2 48 3 46 4 45 5 45 Rises. 5 27 6 26 7 29 8 25 9 45 10 54 Morn. 3 1 13 2 24 3 35 4 45 6 3 Morn., 53 1 49 2 46 3 44 4 42 5 41 Rises. 5 32 6 31 7 33 8 39 9 47 10 56 Morna. 4 I 12 2 22 3 32 4 42 5 59 Morn., 53 1 49 2 45 3 41 4 39 5 37 Rises. 5 37 6 36 7 38 8 42 9 50 10 57 M.orn. 4 1 11 2 20 3 29 4 38 5 54 Morn, 54 1 48 2 43 3 38 4 34 5 31 Rises. 5 45 6 43 7 45 8 48 9 54 10 59 Morn. 5 I 10 2 18 3 25 4 32 5 47 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2v 26 27 28 29 30 31 9 346 347 ]48 349 350 351 ~52 353 ]4 ~55 ~56 ~57 ~58 ~59 ~60 ~61 ~62 ~63 ~64 ~65 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 S 3 10.3 11., 12.3 13.3 14.3 15.3 16.3 17.3 18.3 19.32 2.0.3 21.3 22.3 23.38 24.3 25.3 26;.3 27.33 98.33 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. PLANETARY CONJUNCTIONS AND OTHER PHENOMENA. Waehingtoa Washington~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Was.hingt.on Mean Time. D. H. M. 2 6 30 Mo. 2 10 32 Ev. 5 9 8Mo. 5 0 42 Ev. 9 8 27 Mo. 9 12 0 Ev. 18 8 9 Ev. 29 9 55 Mo. 3 8 45 Ev. 5 6 44 Ev. 9 8 40 Mo. 13 11 35 Mo. 15 0 26 Ev. 25 5 38 Mo. 26 10 58 Ev. 28 1 32 Mo. 5 3 54 Mo. 7 3 48 Mo. 11 5 59 Ev. 15 6 19 Mo. 18 3 36 Mo. 24 7 6 Mo. 26 10 52 Mo. 27 6 4Mo. 1 0 40 Ev. 11 2 10 Mo. 12 1 26 Mo. 13 6 0Ev. 17 1 20 Mo. 20 8 2Ev. 22 8 9 Ev. 24 1 OEv. 26 2 33 Ev. 28 8 46 Ev. 9 3 16 Mo. 9 9 23 Ev. 11 9 47 Mo. 18 5 17 Ev. 19 3 8 Ev. 26 3 21 Mo. 29 10 14 Mo. 4 7 29 Mo. 6 5 36 Ev. 10 3 27 Ev. 15 7 50 Ev. D near Sun apogee D near 4 D near 1 D near o gr. elon. W. D near 1 D near 2X Sun Eclipsed D near V D near 0 XT 0 Stlll stationary D near D near o Sun D near D near 4 stationary D near 5 D near 24 gr. elon. E. V near 6 D near Za D near V D near 1 D near v - near V gr.elon.W. D near 8 D near b D near n4 8 Sun ~ near4 9 9 23v. 4 4 N. ___ near4 1712v.4 34N near D near near D near V b d Sun ) near U V gr. elon. E. D near v D near? Sun perigee Aspect. D near near Fit 8 Sun $ stationary D near b D near V D near 2v D near 3 o gr. elon. E. D near D near V z 8 Sun D near X; D near 8 X 6 Neptune near; D near ^ [] D Sun D near V D near 2X gr. elon. W. D near 8 s stationary stationary D near D near D near 2; V 6 Neptune X; d Sun D near a 2 near 24 near 0 V near 0 D near V sup. d Sun D near 2X D near D near Z z o Sun D near T gr. elon. E; 8 Sun D near X D near? D near z June. near 8 10 327Ev. 8 3 SSN. nears 31 8 35Mo. 1568. b near 1 15 7 50 Ev. 1 1 578. Sun perigee 31 0 52 Ev. NOTE.-In the table above it is to be understood that the word "near" and the character d (conjunction) are synonymous and mean that the two bodies are nearest each other at the time expressed, and that they are then on a line running from the North Pole through both bodies, and have the same right ascension. GR. ELON. means, greatest elongation, or greatest apparent angular distance from the Sun. STATIONARY means that the planet is then without apparent motion east or west, with respect to the stars, and is about to move in a direction contrary to that it last had. The character 8 indicates that the planet is opposite the sun, or 180~, or a half circle east of it, and rises when the Sun sets, and sets when he rises. When a planet is a quarter of a circle, or 90~ from the Sun, east or west, it is known by o. PLANETARY CHARACTERS: 8 Mercury, 8 Venus, a Mars, 4 Jupiter, b Saturn, VT Uranus, V Neptune, D Moon. The above table enables us to find the planets throughout the year. SATURN'S RINGS. These Rings will be visible all this year, the visual line making an angle of little more than 26~ with the plane of the Rings. Their northern surface is visible, the sun and earth being elevated above that side. They appear elliptical, and this year rather more than twice as long as wide. 46 [1869. D. H.'.,U. 22 8 6 Mo. 25 7 52 Mo. 3 3 8 Ev. 4 0 52 Ev. 10 3 50 Ev. 14 2 31 Mo. 16 4 57 Ev. 19 11 44 Mo. 1 5 29 Mo. 7 5 2 Ev. 9 10 49 Mo. 11 1 11 Ev. 12 6 2 Mo. 14 6 58 Ev. 15 4 11 Ev. 28 5 29 Ev. 3 3 34 Mo. 8 4 13 Mo. 9 4 2 Mo. 9 3 54 Ev. 11 11 34 Ev. 24 11 31 Ev. 2,5 5 39 Ev. 6 5 24 Mo. 7 ll 1 Ev. 8 0 33 Mo. 9 10 55 Mo. 22 0 26 Mo. 25 9 5 Ev. 4 12 0 Ev. 5 9 40 Ev. 6 1 35 Mo. 7 0 57 Mo. 8 1 11 Mo. 9 9 41 Mo. 17 11 42 Ev. 3 5 35 Ev. 4 10 52 Ev. 7 0 4 Mo. 11 8 8 Mo. 12 7 5 Mo. 13 3 2 Ev. 15 1 34 Mo. 31 8 35 Mo. 31 0 52 Ev. M..-. Di.t..e. Ap.-,t. 2 0 N. 0 15 S. 41180 0 E. 3 IO S. 3 20 S. 3 7 N. 3 13N. 18 15 E. 3 6 S. 2 0 S. 8 180 0 E. 2T 3 29 N. S 4 7 N. 24 0 32N. 3 52N. 2 54 S. 90 0 W. 0 29N. 2T 3 46 N. 27 43 W. 3 32N. M..". A.p.t. Di.t.. Ap.,t. 2 37 S. 0 42 N. 'g 4 19 N. I 40 N. 8 3 45 S. 20 24 W. 2 50 S. 4 14N. 1 40 S. 5 8 S. 90 0 W. 2 57 S. 4 2 N. 90 0 E. 4 53 S. s 5 48 S. 2 54 S. 3 47N. 26 4 E. 0 38 S. 8 5 39 S. 6 20 S. 2 39 S. 2T 3 41 N. 3 31 S. 18 55 W. 4 40 S. 2 22 S. 5 20 S. 21 180 0 E. 2 11 S. 3 48N. 2 7 S. 3 6 S. 2 15 S. 0 0 2 1,6 S. 4,t 19 R 4 5 N. 1 56 S. June. July. Jan. Feb. Au-. Mar. Sept. 2 44 S. 3 11 N. ,g 3 59N. ? 0 17N. ,g 0 0 8 1 58N. y 0 7 S. o 0 1 N. o 0 22N. 2 33 S. y 0 0 ,4 4 9 N. 4 33N. 8 0 2 N. 90 0 E. 2 17 S. o 23 16 E. 180 0 E. 2T 4 17N. 3 55 N. 8 1 57 S. et. April. OV. May. ec. June. ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. DIAMIETER, REVOLUTIONS, &C., OF SUN AND PRINCIPAL PLANETS. Diameter in Distance from S3un NAnnS. Milnes.e in Dis les.e f Per iodical Revolution. Rotation on Axis. ~os. iD... 8. D. n.M. Sun.......................... 887.,000 25 7 48 0 Mercury....................... 2,950 36,890,000 0 87 23 15 44 1 0 5 28 Venus......................... 7,800 68,000,000 0 224 16 49 8 0 23 21 21 Earth.......................... 7,912 95,365,000 1 0 6 9 0 0 23 56 4 Mars........................... 4,500 145,205,000 1 321 23 31 0 1 0 37 0 Jupiter........................ 88,000 495,917,0(00 11 317 14 2 0 0 9 56 0 Saturn........................ 73,000 909,026,000 29 164 5 16 0 0 10 16 0 Uranus........................ 36,000 1,829,000,000 84 26 17 21 0 Neptune....................... 35,000 2,864,000,000 164 26 17 5 0 PRIIARY PLANETS AND ASTEROIDS. soNAe.rsens. Date of Discovery. Aglaia........ 1857, Sept. 15... Doris.......... 1857, Sept. 19... Pales.......... 1857, Sept. 19... Virginia....... 1857, Oct. 4.... Nemausa...... 1858, Jan. 22.... Europa....... 1858, Feb. 6.... Calypso....... 1858, April 4.... Alexandra..... 1858, Sept. 10... Pandora....... 1858, Sept. 10... Mnemosyne... 1859, Sept. 22... Concordia..... 1860, March 24. Olympia....... 1860 Sept. 12... Danae........ 1860 Sept. 9.. Echo.......... 1860 Sept. 14. Erato.......... 1860 Sept. 14.. Ausonia....... 1861 Feb. 11.... Angelina...... 1861 March 6... tIMaximiliana... 1861 March 10.. Maia.......... 1861, April 10... Asia........... 1861 April 18... Leto........... 1861, April 29.. Hesperia...... 1861 April 29... Panopea....... 1861 May 5..... Feronia....... 1861 May 29 t. Niobe........ 1861 Aug. 13.. Clytie........ 1862 April 7... Galatea........ 1862 Aug. 29. T Eurydice...... 1862 Sept. 22. P Freia.......... 1862 Oct. 21.. Frigga........ 1862 Nov. 12.. Diana........ 1863, March 15. Eurynlome..... 1863 Sept. 15.. Sappho........ 1864 May 2. g. Terpsichore.... 1864 Sept. 30 Lh Alcinena...... 1864 Nov. 27.. Beatrix........ 1865, April 26.. Clio........... 1865, Aug. 25... Io...........1865, Sept. 19... Semele........ 1866, Jan. 4....T Silvia........ 1866, May 16.... Thisbe........ D1866 P.. (89)............1866 Aug 6. Antiope....... 1866, Oct. 1 It (91)........ 1866, Nov. 4.. Undina........ 1867, July 26 (... (93)............ 1867, Auf. 214... (94)......... 1867 See. 6r Ws .Jupiter........ Known to tlhe Saturn......... Ancients. Uranu........ 178, March 18.. Neptune,'.... Set.... Neptne.......,184f;, Sept. 23... i 186-9.1 47 Mercury........ Venus......... Earth........... Mars.......... Flora..........1 Melpomene..... 1 Victoria....... I Euterpe........ 1 Vesta..........I Iris:...........1 Meti..........I Urania......... 1 Phocea......... 1 Massilia........ 18 Hebe...........1 Lutetia......... 18 Fortuna........ 1 Parthenope.... 18 Thetis......... 18 Fides.......... 18 Amphitrite..... 1 Astr2ea......... I Pomona........ 1 Everia......... is ii-ene....... is ThaliW Eunom'....... 18 Proserpine..... 1 Circe...........1 Juno...........1 Leda...........1 Ceres..........I Pallas........ I Atalani........ 1 Bellona........ 18 Polyhymnia.... I Leucothea..... 1 Calliope........ 1 Psyche......... 18 Themis........ I Hygeia......... 18 Euphrosyne.... 18 Lpetitia......... 18 Harmonia...... I Daphne........ IS Isis............ 1 Arladne........ IS Nysa........... Jg Eu enia........ IS Hesg tia......... is Melete......... ii D.t,, f Di.,,y. Di...... e,. Luther. Goldschmidt. Goldschmidt. Ferguson. Laurent. Goldschmidt. Luther. Goldschmidt. Searle. Luther, Luther, Chacor,,ac. G.1dchmidt. F r e. Vi son. Dr orster. De Gasparis. Tempef. Tem el. uttf T e. Pogson. Luther. Schiaparelli. Goldschmidt. Peters. Luther. Tuttle. Tempel. Dr. Peters. D'Arrest. Dr. Peters. Luther. Watson. Po'son Lt'ther.. Tempel. De Gasparis. Luther. Peters. Tietjen. Pogson. Peters. Stephen. Luther. Stephen. ,),-.-Peters. Watson. Watson. Hind. Hind. Hind. Hind. Olbers. Hind. Graham. Hind. Chacornac. De Gasparis. Hencke. Goldschmidt. Hind. De Gasparis. Luther. Luther. Marth. Hencke. Goldschmidt. D9 Gasparis. Hind. Hind. De Gasparls. Luther. Chacornae. Hardin,,,. Chacorliac. Piazzi. Olbers. Goldschmidt. Luther. Chaeornac. Luther. Hind. De Gasparls. De Gasparis. De Gasparis. Ferguson. Chacornac. Goldschmidt. Goldschmidt. Pogson. Pogson. Goldschmidt. Goldschmidt. Po'vson. Gotdschmidt. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. NEW AND VALUABLE TIDE TABLE FOR ONE HUNDRED AND TEN PLACES. le~-Rgto Et~Hgtf H Estab- | Hight of lishment! Spring of Port. Tide. H. M. FEET. 11 15 9.3 11 25 9.9 11 23 9.9 11 22 9.1 10 57 10.2 11 13 10.6 11 12 10.9 11 27 11.3 11 19 11.4 11 5 13.2 11 22 10.8 11 58 5.3 12 24 3.6 12 22 3.9 12 16 2.5 11 43 1.8 8 4 2.8 7 59 4.7 8 34 2.0 745 3.9 731 4.3 736 3.8 740 4.2 7 48 5.0 7 59 5.3 7 57 4.6 7 45 4.6 7 32 3.7 7 36 3.5 8 20 2.4 7 29 5.6 8 13 5.4 9 19 4.4 9 57 4.0 10 8 3.8 11 2 3.2 12 34 3.9 124 4.6 3 23 4.4 4 29 3.0 5 22 2.5 9 0 3.1 9 7 3.2 9 38 2.9 9 28 3.1 11 16 6.2 11 11 8.0 11 7 9.2 11 13 8.9 11 22 8.6 11 20 9.2 7 32 5.4 8 19 6.0 8 0 4.5 8 33 6.2 NORTH-EAST COAST. Hanniwell's Point......... Portland.................. Portsmouth................. Newburyport............... Rockport................. Salem...................... Boston Light............... Bo ston............ 4...... P lym outh................. Wel'lfleet................... Provincetow'n............ Monomoy................. Nantucket................ Hyannis................... Edgartown................ Holmes' Hole............. TarpauLliL n C ove........... Wood's Hole (N.)......... Wood's Hole (S.).......... Menemsha Light.......... Quick's Hole (N.)......... Quick's Hole (S.).......... Cuttyhunk................ Kettle Cove............... Bird Island Light......... New Bedford.............. Newport.................. Point Judith.............. Block Island.............. Montauk Point............ Sandv Hook.............. New York................. HUDSON RIVER. Dobb's Ferry.............. Tarrytown................ Verplanck's Point......... West Point............... Poughkeepsie............. Tivoli..................... Stuyvesant................ Castleton.................. Greenbush................ LONG ISLAND SOUND. Watch Hill................ Stonington................ Little 6ull Island......... New London.............. New Haven............... Bridgeport................ Oyster Bay................ Sand's Point.............. New Rochelle............. Throgg's Neck............ JERSEY COAST. Cold Spring Inlet.......... Cape May Landing........ DELAWARE BAY, &C. Delaware Breakwater..... Higbee's, Cape May....... Egg Island Light......... PMahon's River.......... Newcastle............... Philadelphia............. CHESAPEAKE, &C. Old Point Comfort....... Point Lookout........... Annapolis................ Bodkin Light.............. Baltimore................ Washington.............. City Point............... Richmond................ Tappahannoek........... SOUTHERN COAST. Hatteras Inlet............ Beaufort (N. C.).......... Bald HeadN................. Smithville............... Wilmington.............. Georgetown Entrance.... Bull's Isla nd Bay......... Charleston................. St. Helena Sound........ Fort Pulaski............ Savannah................. Doboy Light.............. St. Simon's.............. Fort Clinch............. St. John's River......... St. Augustine................ Cape Florida............. Inidian Key............... Sand Key................ Key West.................. Tortugas................. Charlotte H arbo r......... Tampa Bay............... Cedar Keys.............. St. Marks................ WESTERN COAST. San Diego................ San Pedcro................ Cuyler's Harbor.......... San Luis Obispo......... Monterey................ South Farralloie......... San Francisco'............ Mare Island.............. Benicia.................. Ravenswood............. Bode_a................... Humboldt Bay........... Port Orford.............. Astoria.................. Nee-ah Harbor........... Port Townshend......... Steilacoom............... Semi-ah-moo Bay........ Highee's, Cape May.......8 33 6.2 3.9 Semi-ah-moo Bay.........4 50 6.6 4.8 To find the time of high-water at any of the places named in the preceding table, add time indicated in the first column of figures to the time of "Moon's South," or "Moon on Meridian," found in the calendar pages. If the result is more than 12 hours from noon, the time will be the next day in the morning, and if more than 12 hours from midnight, the time will be in [1869. 48 E.t.b16 .t .f F.,t. H. M. 9 4 9 52 11 53 1 18 Hight f sp"i.g Tid.. FEET, 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.8 X..p Tid.. N..p Tid.. FEET. 5.1 5.0 6.6 5.1 RLACES. PLACES. EET. 7.0 7.6 7.2 6.6 7.1 7.6 8.1 8.5 9.0 9.2 7.7 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.8 3.1 1.2 1.8 2.9 2.3 2.9 3.7 3.5 2.8 3.1 2.6 2.0 1.8 4.0 3.4 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.0 2.3 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.1 5.2 4.7 5.4 6.4 6.6 6.1 3.6 4.3 8 17 0 32 4 38 5 4,) 6 33 7 44 2 11 4 32 0 42 3.0 1.9 1.0 1.3 1.5 3.4 3.0 3.4 1.9 2.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 2.0 2.5 2.3 1.3 7 4 7 26 7 26 7 19 9 6 7 56 7 16 7 26 7 8 7 20 8 13 7 33 7 43 7 53 7 28 8 21 8 34 8 23 8 40 9 30 9 56 13 9 11 21 13 15 13 38 2.2 3.3 5.0 .5.5 3.1 4.7 5.7 6.0 7.4 8.0 7.6 7.8 8.2 6.7 5.5 4.9 1.8 2.2 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.8 3.2 2.9 1.8 2.2 3.4 3.8 2.2 2.7 3.7 4.1 4.4 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 3.7 3.6 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.6 1.4 9 38 9 39 9 25 10 8 10 22 10 37 12 6 13 40 14 10 12 36 11 17 12 2 11 26 12 42 12 33 3 49 4 46 4 50 5.0 4.7 5.1 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.3 5.2 5.1 7.3 4.7 5.5 6.8 7.4 7.4 5.5 11.1 6.6 2.3 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.8 4.1 3.7 4.9 2.7 3.5 3.7 4.6 4.8 4.0 7.2 4.8 3.0 3.9 p LeOlilS tJ)eneocla)........ y Urse Majoris (Phad)...... a Corvi..................... e Urse Majoris (Alioth)..... a Virginis (Spica)........... a6 Ursm Majoris............. a Bootis (Arcturus).........17 7. a3 UrsTeMinoris............. a LibrP.................... a Corone Borealis.......... a Scrpentis................. / AScorpii.................. o a Scorpii (Antares)......... 1. a Ierculls................... a Opliuchi.................. I Draconis................. oy Dracoinis................. a Lyr,e (Vega).............. Lyrae...................... 3 a Aquilaw (Altair)...........1 a Cygni (DeBeb)............ a Cea hei.................... Aqtuarii................... a Aquarii.................. a Pis. Aus. (Fomalhaut).... Pegasi (Scheat)........... Pe-asi (Markab).......... a e11 ernal Equinox.......... To ascertain when any Star found in the preceding Table will be on the upper meridian, add the numbers opposite in the left-anld coiumni of fig,ures to the time of "Sidereeal Noon" found in the calendar pages. For the 1eSING of a star, setCbtract the number opposite in the right-hand coluinin of figures from its meridian passage. For the setting of a star, acld the same number to its meridian passage. Those mark-ed (....) revolve in a circle of perpetual apparition, and do not rise nor set north of the latitude of New York (40~ 42' 40"), for which latitude the semidiurnal arcs are calculated. The civil day begins at midnight, and consequently 24 hours after midnight, or 12 hours from noon, is nmorning of the stuceeding, day; and more than 24 hours from noon, is evening of the next day. From 12h. to 24h. from midnilght, or from Oh. to 12h. from noon, Nill be in the afternoon of the s,ate day. This table is arranged in the order of culminlationl. SuRVEYORS AND CIVIL ENGINEERS may obtain the declination of the magnetic needle by observatio ns on the Pole Star when upon the meridian, or when at its greatest elongation east or west. POLArdS and other stars pass the lower meridian 11h. 58m. after their upper transit. Tc the time of upper transit of Polaris, add 5h. 54m. and it gives the time of greatest western elongation. If the 5h. 54mi. be subtracted from the time of upper transit, it will give the time of greatest eastern elongation. Observations made at the time of greatest elongation are less liale tol error than those made at the time of transit. The mcan distance of Polaris from the pole this year is 1 23' 20". To find its azimuth for any latitude, take from 18.384502 tlhe log,arithmic cosine of the latitude, and the remainder is the logarithmic sine of the azimuth 4. I ll 40 11 45 1,2 25 12 46 13 16 13 40 14 7 14 49 15 7 15 7 15 35 15 55 1 C, 19 17 6 17 26 17 25 l'T 51 is 29 18 42 19 41 20 34 21 12 21 21 21 55 22 47 2, 54 2.-2 54 23 56 6 53 i. - Z, 30 .... 5 22 7 11 ...i 5 2 7 43 6 23 4 49 4 19 6 50 5 15 .... A"5i 8 I(; 6 29 9 34 .... 5 37 5 56 4 0 7 44 6 50 5 59 ................ Androme(IT (-Nerach)...... Ur Aliiioris (POLARIS).... Arietis.................... Aiidroiiiedcc (Almaacl7l)..... itilli.................. Arietis.................... Ceti.............. Persei (A,I,,,erib)........... TaLiri (eN-eii stars)........ Tatiri (AI(lebarai,.)......... Atirioe (Capella)........... Orioiis'(Pigel')............ 13 Tatiri (el -Nath)............ Orionis (Bellatrx)........ 6 Orionis.......... Or onis (Anil,,ii-il ............ Orloiiis (Ali-iitik) ......... Columbx (Phaet).......... Orionis (Beteliie —e)....... Canis -NTdjoris Al'o i s "L, a r'a).... Geminor (Ca,tor).......... Canis Aliiioris (Proeyoii)... ,6 Geminor (Polltlx).......... Argiis (Naos).............. HydrT (Alphard)........... Leonis (Regul,,ts).......... i' I 11 1 47 1 55 1 55 1 59 2 55 3 14 3',lo 4 1-1 8 5 6 5 7 5 1 7 5 1 5 24 5 29 5 33 5 34 5 4'7 6 i',' 6 r'l,,-", 7 5 7 I' 1 7''(i 7 58 9 20 1 0 0 9 n .... 7 16 9 18 6 6 7 23 6 11 ... 7 6 5i 10 ii 5 P, 0 7 50 6 20 5 58 5 55 5 52 3 37 6 25 5 0 4 7 8 to 6 1 3 7 50 2 58 5 i',l 6 43 TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. [A star * indicates that the position of such places has been only approxima LONGITUDE FROM WASHINGTON. PLACES. LONGITUDE FROM GIREEN IN TIME. IN H. M. 6 39 16 W. 99 49 0 8 22.8W. 2 5 1 29 8.8 E. 22 17 9 13 48 E. 138 27 4 54 59.3 W. 73 44 5 20 12 W. 80 3 5 8 16 W. 77 4 6 10 0 W. 92 30 6 0 51.2 W. 90 12 0 39 46.2 E. 9 56 4 50 6 W. 72 31 5 35 12 W. 83 48 5 5 56.6 W. 76 29 5 5 52 W. 76 28 11 38 48 E. 174 42 5 27 36 W. 81 54 4 39 20 W. 69 50 8 15 18.1 W. 123 49 5 19 32 W. 79 53 5 33 48 W. 83 27 5 28 28 W.'82 7 1 34 55.2 E. 23 43 6 31 4 W. 97 46 4 35 8 W. 68 47 4 39 o W. 69 45 2 34 4 W. 38 31 5 6 26.6 W. 76 36 2 57 36 E. 44 24 4 41 14.8 W. 70 18 5 12 52 W. 78 13 5 56 4 W. 89 1 8 8 28.9W. 122 7 0 53 34.9 E. 13 23 5 22 45.6 W. 80 41 0 1 52 W. 0 28 4 44 14 W. 71 3 0 45 23.5 E. 11 20 IN ARC. 22 46 21 W. 74 57 6 E. 99 19 59.4E. 215 30 0 E. 3 17 59 E. 3 0 12 W. 0 1 12 W. 15 27 12 W. 13 10 0 W. 86 59 20.2 E. 4 31 20 E. 6 45 12 W. 0 3.3 38.6 E. 0 34 48 E. 251 45 0 E. 4 51 12 W. 7 12 48 E. 46 46 44 W. 2 50 12 W. 6 24 12 W. 5 4 12 W. 100 46 35.8 E. 20 43 12 W. 8 15 48 E. 7 17 48 E. 38 31 48 E. 0 26 9.4 E. 121 26 48 E. 6 44 6 E. 1 10 12 W. 11 58 12 W. 45 4 25 W. 90 26 31.9 E. 3 38 35 W. 76 34 48 E. 5 59 18 E. 88 23 41 E. Acapulco, Mexico...................... Aberdeen, Scotland..................... Abo, Finland........................... Adelaide,* Australia................... Albany, N. Y........................... Allegheny, Pa.......................... Alexandria Va......................... Alexandria,* La........................ Alton,* Ill................................ Altona, Denmark....................... Amherst, Mass......................... Ann Arbor, Mich....................... Annapolis, Md......................... Auburn, N. Y.......................... Auckland,* N. Z....................... Augusta, Ga............................ Augusta, Me............................ Astoria, Oregon........................ Aspinwall, G. G........................ Athens, Ga............................. Athens, Ohio........................... Athens, Greece......................... Austin, Texas.......................... Bangor, Me............................. Bath, Me............................... Bahia, Brazil.......................... Baltimore, Md.......................... Bagdad, Asia........................... Barnstable, Mass....................... Batavia, N. Y............................ Beloit Wis............................. Benicia, Cal............................ Berlin, Prussia......................... Beaufort, S. C.......................... Bedford, England....................... Boston Mass........................... Bologna, Italy............................ I IN TIME. H. M. S. 1 31 4.8W. 4 59 48.4E. 6 37 20 E. 14 22 0 E. 0 13 11.9 E. 0 12 0.8 W. 0 0 4.8 W. 1 1 48.8 W. 0 52 40 W. 5 47 57.4 E. 0 18 5.2E. 0 27 1 W. 0 2 14.6 E. 0 2 19.2 E. 16 47 0 E. 0 19 24.8 W. 0 28 51.2 E. 3 7 6.9 W. 0 11 20.8 W. 0 25 37 W. 0 20 17 W. 6 43 6.4 E. 1 22 52.8 W. , 83 3.2 E. 0 29 11.2E. 2 34 7.2E. 0 1 44.6 E. 8 5 47.2E. 0 26 56.4 E. 0 4 40.8 W. 0 47 53 W. 3 0 17.7 W. 6 1 46.1E. 0 14 34.4W. 5 6 19.2 E. 0 23 57 E. 5 53 34.7 E. Bombay, India.......................... Brazos Santiago, Texas................ Bloomington, Ind...................... Bremen, Germany...................... Bridgeport, Conn....................... Bristol, R. I............................ Brooklyn, N. Y......................... Brunswick, Me......................... Brussels, Belgium...................... Buenos Avres, A. R.................... Buffalo, N. Y........................... Buda, Hungary......................... Burlington, N. J....................... Burlington,* Iowa...................... Burlington, Vt......................... Cadiz, Spain............................ Cairo,* Ill.............................. Cairo, Egypt............................ Cambridge Mass....................... Cambridge England.................... Calcutta, India......................... Camden,* N. J.......................... Camden, S. C........................... Canandaigxla, N. Y..................... Canton, China.......................... Crescent City, Cal...................... Carson City,* Nevada.................. Cape Good Hope Africa................ Cape Horn, South America............. Cape Flattery, W. T.................... Charleston S. C......................... Chapel Hi]l, N. C....................... Charlestown, Mass............... Charlottesville, Va..................... Chicago, Ill............................. Christiania, Norway.................... Chillicothe Ohio....................... Cincinnati, Ohio........................ Cleveland, Ohio........................ Clinton, N. Y........................... Columbia, S. C......................... Columbuis, Ohio........................ Columbus,* Miss....................... Covington,* Ky........................ Constantinople, Turkey................ Concord, N. H........................... Copenhagen, Denmark................. Crawforsville, Id...................... 48 E. 12 W. 12 W. 47 E. 2 E. 43 E. 17 E. 24.1 E. 42 E. 48 E. 12 W. 59 E. 11 E. 10 W. 48 E. 48 E. 12 W. 48 E. 18.1 E. 41.1 E. 50 E. 48 E. 12 W. 12 W. 48 E. 26 W. 12 W. 47.7 E. 40 E. 6 W. 11.8 W. 42 W. 28 E. 41 W. 13.2 W. 29.4 E. 12 W. 42.8 W. 9 W. 48 E. 12 W. 12 W. 12 W. 12 W. 48 E. 48 E. 37.5 E. 12 W. 9 o o 5 0 o 0 o 1~ 0 6 o 0 0 4 o 0 0 0 11 0 0 o 2 3 2 6 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 .B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 .0 5 59 20 37 43 15 23 12 28 25 14 7 q 57 15 43 49 13 23 8 8 14 0 41 8 50 22 3,9 10 1 8 23 B 42 2(3 18 6 16 24 45 29 4 22 58 39 47.2 E. 36.8 W. 41 W. 27.1 E. 24.2 E. 6.9 E. 17.2 E. 21.6 E. 38.8 E. 4,3.2 E. 28.8 W. 23.9 E. 40.7 E. 4.8 W. 31 E. 3.2 E. 8.8 W. 15.2 E. 41.5 E. 34.7 E. 27.3 E. 11.2 E. 0.8W. 56.8 W. 7.2 E. 33.7 W. 48.8 W. 7.2 E. 6.7 E. 44.4 W. 32.8 W. 59 W. 57.9 E. 54.7 W. 20.9 W. 6 E. 32.8 W. 46.9 W. 52.6 W. 15 E. 17 W. 0.8W. 40.8 W. 40.8 W. 7.2 E. 15.2 E. 30.5 E. 5 W. 149 20 9 85 56 9 25 51 51 46 4 5 24 40 52 5 10 16 52 45 17 18 55 8 21 2 30 14 16 8 42 31 46 41 53 14 59 28 33 46 53 26 43 33 4 0 25 25 1 31 37 46 4 6 5 0 4 4 4 4 0 3 5 1 4 6 4 0 5 2 4 0 5 5 5 5 7 8 7 1 4 8 5 5 4 5 5 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 4 0 5 51 28 45 52 45 55 39 17 53 15 16 59 5 52 25 57 5 44 0 53 0 22 9 32 16 59 13 29 18 19 17 44 14 50 42 31 37 27 1 24 32 53 37 55 45 4O 47 36 E. 48 W. 52 W. 15.9 E. 47 W. 4.3W. 54 W. 49.6 W. 27.6 E. 28 W. 40 W. 12.7 E. 30.5 W. 16 W. 40 W. 8 W. 20 W. 4 E. 29.7 W. 23.5 E. 16.1 E. 0 W. 12 W. 8 W. 56 E. 44.9 W. 0 W. 56 E. 4.5 W. 55.6 W. 44 W. 10 W. 13.3 W. 5.9 W. 32.1 W. 54.8 E. 44 W. 58.1 W. 3.8W. 56 W. 28 W. 12 W. 52 W. 52 W. 56 E. 56 W. 19.3 E. 16 W. 72 97 86 8 73 71 73 69 4 58 78 19 74 91 73 6 89 31 71 0 88 75 80 77 113 124 119 18 67 124 79 79 71 78 87 10 82 84 81 75 81 83 88 84 28 71 12 86 54 12 28 48 11 16 58 57 21 22 55 3 52 19 10 17 20 16 7' 5 1 19 0 33 17 14 11: 45 28. 16 43, 55 E 17 3' 31' 38 43 < 56 29 45 f 29 7 3 28 28 59 29 34 4 49 3 5 3 7 81 18 1 96 2 14 3 70 12 108 5 77 165 2 3 0 190 47 42 95 9 47 2 2 5 1 10 87 5 7 4 1 4 6 11 7 106 5 89 9 TABLE OF LATITLDE AND LONGITUDE.-(Continued.) [A star * indicates that the position of such places has been only approximately determined.] LONGITUDE FRiOM GREENWICH. LATITUDE. IN ARC. 97 0 36.6 E. 43 52 12 W. 13 41 12 W. 19 21 1'2 W. 7 8 12 W. 16 34 0 W. 154 20 48 E. 5 59 42 W. 27 57 12 W. 103 46 26.4 E. 1 32 48 E. 6 848 E. 13 47 12 W. 70 42 18 E. 75 28 18 E. 1 46 48 E. 10 6 48 E. 0 27 0 E. 73 52 3 E. 3'2 i2 WV. 10 32 12 WV. 47 26 4 W. 2 42 48 E. 6 7 48 E. 5 53 48 E. 16 7 42 W. 1 57 12 W. 15 37 12 W. 39 44 15 W. 35 27 6 W. 27 44 55 W. 11 32 12 W. 8 2 12 W. 85 38 48 E. 88 18 12.9 E. 7 37 12 W. 10 17 48 E. Cracow, Russia......................... Dalles, Oregon.......................... Davenport,* Iowa..................... Dakota,* Nebraska..................... Dayton, Ohio....................... Des Moines,* Iowa..................... Delhi, India............................ Detroit, Mich........................... Denver City,* Colorado................. Dorpat, Russia......................... Dover, Del.............................. Dover, N. H............................ Dubuque, Iowa......................... Dublin, Ireland....................... Durham, Scotland...................... Easton, Pa............................. Eastport, Me........................... Edenton, N. C.......................... Edinburg, Scotland..................... Erie, Pa................................ Evansville,* Ind........................ Ewing Harbor, Oregon................. Ellzabeth, N. J......................... Exeter, N. H........................... Fall River,* Mass...................... Falls, St. Anthony Minn............... Falls, Niagara,* N. Y................... Falls, St. Croix, Wi.................... Fort Bois6, W. T....................... Fort Hall, W. T........................ Fort Laramie, Neb...................... Fond Du Lac,* Wis.................... Fort Wayne,* Ind...................... Frankfort, Germany.................... Florence, Italy.......................... Fra nkfort, Ky.......................... Frederickton, N. B..................... Ca LONGIT'UDE PROM WASIIINGTON. IME WHEN NOON AT WASHINGTON. PLACES. 19 120 90 96 84 93 77 100 29 It. i0 90 6 1 75 66 76 . 3 80 87 124 74 70 71 93 149 92 116 112 104 88 85 8 11 84 66 IN TIME. M. S. 28 2.4 E. 55 28.8 W. 54 44.8 W. 24.8 W. 28 32.8 W. (; i -). 8 W. 17 23.2 E. 23 58.8 W. 51 48.8 W. 55 5.8 E. 6 11.2 E' 24 35.2 E. 55 8.8 E. 42 49.2 E. 1 53.2 E. 7 7.2 E. 40 27.2 E. 1 48.1 E. 1,5 28.2 E. 12 28.8 W. 42 8.8 W. 9 44.3 W. 10 51.2 E. 24 E. 23 35.2 E. 4 30. 8 W. 7 48.8 W. 2 2,8.8 W. 38 57 W. 21 48.4 W. 50 59.7 W. 46 8.8 NY. 32 8.8 W. 42 35.2 E. 53 12.9 E. 30 28.8 W. 41 11. 2 E. IN TIME. M. s 19 5l.'-) E. 3 40 W. 2 56 W. 25 36 W. 36 44 W. 14 24 W. 9 12 E. 32 10 W. 0 0 W. 46 54.6 E. 2 0 W. 43 36 W. 3 20 W. 25 22 W. 6 18 W. 1 4 W. 27 44 W. 6 23.1 W. 12 43 W. 20 40 W. 50 20 W. 17 55.5 W. 57 20 W. 43 40 W. 44 36 W. 12 42 W. 16 0 W. 10 40 W. 47 8.2 W. 29 59.6 W. 59 10.1.) W. 54 20 W. 40 20 W. 34 24 E. 45 1.7 E. 38 40 W. 27 0 W. IN ARC. 57 48.6 E. 55 0 W. 44 0 W. 24 0 W. 11 0 W. 36 48 W. is 0 E. 2 30 W. 0 0 W. 43 38.4 E. 80 0 W. 54 0 W. 50 0 W. 20 30 W. 34 30 W. 16 0 W. 56 0 W. 35 48 W. 10 45 W. 10 0 W. 35 0 W. 28 52 W. 20 0 W. 55 0 W. 9 0 W. 10 30 W. 0 0 W. 40 0 W. 47 3 W. 29 54 W. 47 43 W. 35 0 W. 5 0 W. 36 0 E. 15 24.9 E. 40 0 W. 45 0 W. H. 6 2 0 1 0 1 10 0 1 6 10 0 0 4 5 0 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 0 -0 5 5 0 0 H. 1 8 6 6 5 6 5 5 7 1 5 4 6 0 0 5 4' 5 0 5 5 8 4 4 4 6 5 6 7 7 6 5 5 0 0 5 4 50 45 41 42 39 41 28 42 39 58 39 43 42 53 54 40 44 36 55 42 37 42 40 42 41 44 43 45 43 43 42 43 41 50 43 88 46 f 3 35 34 26 44 35 39 19 40 22 10 13 29 23 46 43 .54 3 57 7 57 44 38 58 41 58 5 30 49 1 12 37 3 8 46 14 3 50 N. 55 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 45 N. 0 N. 47.1 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 13 N. 6.4 N. 0 N. 0 N. 27.4 N. 23.2 N. 0 N. 0 N. 21.7 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 40 N. 0 N. 10 N. 22 N. 30 N. 10 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 40.8 N. 0 N. 0 N. H. 6 9 11 10 11 10 10 11 10 6 0 0 0 4 5 0 0 0 4 11 11 8 0 0 0 10 11 10 9 9 10 11 11 5 5 11 0 M. 28 P. lkf. 5 A. 1%1. 5 A. Al. 43 A. M. 31 A. M. 54 A. M. 17 P. M. 36 A. M. 8 A. M. 55 P. M. 6 P. M. 24 P. M. 55 P. M. 43 P. M. 2 P. M. 7 P. M. 40 P. M. 2 P. M. 55 P. Al. 48 A. M. IS A. M. 50 A. M. 11 P. M. 241 P. M. 2-i P. M. 55 A. M. 52 A. M. 58 A. M. 21 A. M. 38 A. M. 9 A. M 14 A. M. 28 A. M. 43 P. M. 53 P. IVI. 30 A. Tvl. 41 P. M. tt t-t n p tt p w 0 0 pi t'd 2 tt Ft F, p Frederick, Md.......................... Fredcricksburg, Va..................... Galena,* Ill............................. Galveston, Texas....................... Geneva,* N. Y.......................... Geneva, Switzerland.................... Georgetown, S. C....................... Georgetown, D. C...................... Glasgow, Scotland...................... Gloucester, Mass....................... Gotha, Germany........................ Gottingen, Germany.................... Great Salt Lake City, Utah............. Grand Haven,* Mich.................... Greenwich, England................... Guayaquil, Ecuador................... Halifax, N. S........................... Hamburg, Germany.................... Hanover, N. H......................... Harrisburg, Pa.......................... Hartford, Cornn....................... Havana, Cuba.......................... Houston,* Texas....................... Honolulu, S. I......................... Hudson, N. Y.......................... Hudson, Ohio.......................... Huntsville, Ala......................... Indianapolis, Ind....................... Ithaca,N. Y............................ Iowa City, Iowa........................ Jedo, Japan............................ Jackson, Miss.......................... Jacksonville Ill........................ Jefferson City, Mo...................... Jerusalem, Palestine................... Jersey City N. J....................... Kansas City,* Mo...................... Keokuk,* Iowa......................... Key West, Fla.......................... Kingston, Canada...................... Kingston, N. Y........................ Kingston W. I......................... Knoxville, Tenn........................ La Fayette,* Ind....................... Lansing,* Mich........................ Lancaster, Pa........................... La Porte,* Ind.......................... Lawrence. Mass....................... 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 0 4 0 5 5 2 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 2 54 10 0 32 8 0 50 25 51 47 20 36 8 10 53 48 19 0 17 21 13 213 13 17 39 36 1 58 26 52 53 0 29 12 10 58 is 1 12 0 27 38 30 2 38 23 0.8 W. 20.8 W. 8.8 W. 55 W. 8.8 W. 48.9 E. 56.8 W. 6.2 W. 59.6 E. 32.6 E. 6.9 E. 57.3 E. 13.3 W. 48.8 W. 11.2 E. 40.8 W. 44.5 E. 4.8 E. 19 E. 51.2 E. 28.2 E. 18.2 W. 36.8 W. 2,8.8 W. 7.2 E. 32.1 W. 36.8 W. 8.8 W. 40 E. 16.8 W. 59.2 E. 20.8 W. 1 W. 20.8 W. 3.2 E. 3.3 E. 40 W. 0 W. 58.8 W. 31.2 E. 3.2 E. 55.2 E. 24.8 W. 44.8 W. 8.8 W. 4.9 E. 2,4.8 W. 7.2 E. 0 0 13 17 0 83 2 0 72 87 86 35 9 77 2 13 87 4 0 4 5 18 so 15 3,1, 32 43 2 12 14 1 44 23 46 59 3 12 2 40 26 1 49 12 22 19 24 52 16 23 54 2 25 34 44 5 15 5 15 0 40 30 44 22 0 13 51 41 32 42 36 51 12 W. 12 W. 12 W. 45.8 W. 12 W. 13.2 E. 12 W. 33 W. 54 E. 9 E. 42.9 E. 19.5 E. 20 W. 12 W. 48 E. 12 W. 8 E. 11.4 E. 48 E. 4,'3 W. 3 E. 33 W. 12 W. 12 W. 48 E. 0.9 W. 12 W. 12 W. 0 E. 12 W. 48 E. 12 W. 12 W. 12 W. 48 E. 49.5 E. 0 W. 0 W. 42 W. 48 E. 48 E. 48 E. 12 W. 12 W. 12 W. 15 E. 12 W. 48 E. 5 5 6 (i 5 0 5 5 0 4 0 0 7 5 0 5 4 0 4 5 4 5 6 10 4 5 5 5 5 6 9 (i 6 6 2 4 6 6 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 9 10 2 19 8 24 17 8 17 42 42 39 28 45 0 18 14 89 48 7 50 1'19 2.1 31 55 247 44 6 6 is 0 1 8 20 56 18 6 27 6 56 7 35 46 38 5 46 44 12 W. 32 W. 20 W. (;.2 W. 20 W. 37.7 E. 8 W. 17.4 W. 11.6 W. 38.6 W. 55.7 E. 46.1 E. 24.5 W. o W. 0 52 W. 26.7 W. 53.6 E. 5 W. 20 W. 43 W. 29.4 W. 48 W. 40 W. 4 W. 43.3 W. 48 W. 20 W. 31.2 W. 28 W. 48 E. 82 W. 12 W. 32 W. 52 E. 7.9 W. 51.2 W. 11.2 W. 10 W. 40 W. 8 W. 16 W. 36 W. 56 W. 20 W. 2.2 W. 36 W. 44 W. 77 77 )O 94 li'7 79 77 4 70 10 9 112 86 0 79 63 9 72 76 72 8'2 95 157 73 81 - 86 86 76 91 139 90 90 92 35 74 94 91 81 76 74 76 83 86 84 76 86 71 is 88 35 4(; 5 9 17 4 17 39 43 56 6 15 0 43 36 58 13 50 40 22 27 55 46 25 57 5 37 37 42 8 18 8 13 1 42 32 47 40 2 49 54 44 35 20 39 11 0 W. o W. o W. 33.8 W. 0 W. 25.2 E. o W. 21 W. 54 W. 39 W. 54.9 E. 31.5 E. 8 W. o W. 0 0 W. 40 W. 23.4 E. 0 W. o W. 45 W. 21 W. 0 W. 0 W. 0 W. 48.9 W. 0 W. 0 W. 48 W. 0 W. 0 E. 0 W. 0 W. 0 W. 0 E. 58.5 W. 48 W. 48 W. 30 W. 0 W. 0 W. 0 W. 0 W. 0 W. 0 W. 33 W. o W. 0 W. 39 38 42 29 412 46 33 38 55 42 t) 0 51 40 43 51 2 44 53 43 40 41 23 29 21 42 41 34 39 42 41 32 39 38 31 40 39 40 24 44 41 1 7 35 40 42 40 41 42 24 34 24 is r, I 11 21. 54 51 36 5 C, 31 46 5 28 11 39 33 53 1 6 45 9 45 18 14 14 36 55 27 40 26 23 45 36 46 43 5 25 32 8 55 58 59 25 48 2 34 42 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. l,'I.5 N. 0 N. 58.8 N. 0, N. 2-6.1 N. 3'-) N. 45. 8 N. 5.2 N. 47.9 N. 8 N. 0 N. 38.2 N. 21 S. 20 N. 5 N. :10 N. 0 N. 59 N. 26 N. 0 N. 12 N. 0 N. 42.6 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 0 N. 36 N. 0 N. 0 N. 11 11 11 10 I , 5 11 12 4 0 5 5 9 11 5 11 0 5 0 0 0 11 10 6 0 11 11 11 0 11 2 11 11 11 7 0 10 11 11 0 0 0 11 11 11 0 11 0 59 58 (i 49 0 PI li3 51 0 51 26 51 48 40 23 8 49 54 48 19 1 1 7 39 46 37 13 42 20 24 2 2 27 8 7 0 29 112 49 2 41 2 12 1 33 21 80 3 22 23 A. M. A. AI. A,. AT. A. Al. A,. it. P. AT. A.. III. A.!Nl. P. Al. P. All. P. ivi. P. I%T. P. iNt. A. IN f. P. M. P. TVI. P. Al. P. 31. P. 31. A. INT. A. -Al. A. Al. P. Al. A. IN,'[. A. Ivi. A. 1311. P. -AT. A. At. A. -Al. A. M. A. M. A. M. P. M. P. Al. A. Af. A. Al. A. IN,,[. P. Ai. P. M. P. M. A..Al. A. M. A. M. P. M. A. M. P. M. p P. . m 0 0 9 0 tt t-I Id it 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 1 7 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 9 9 0 14 216 13 13 15 112 3 17 14 4 0 3 0 6 9 7 0 9 5 Ca 54 ~~THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [89 0 0 0 CoCo Co I - 0 Co - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~1 ~ - 0 ~ o.~ ~ Co -.1~ 0 0~~~~~~~ v I ~= ~1 -~~~~~~~~~ N — Cov Co ~10 C.C.0 Oi=~o~ =1="4x = = n=V.=0 10 Co Co Co O CoCoCo - O0 - 10 - Co -CoCo CoCoCoCo CoCo Co Co 10 10 CoCo o CoCo - CoCoCoCoCo Co Co - 10Co10 10Co10Co 10 Co 10Co 0 _ 10Co10 0 C) ~~~~~~~~~~~~1 IZ A Co 54 [1869. I-,' A; -., ' ^-' —' P4 A; P4 A; " I-V = - C= V. I x V=,M o I.=2 11 11.1.11 1.. IN 10 m..1 1..-.,,,a v.IV V ;4 A LI E z w w 9 0 0 'i19 pq A 0 z C, li ;A 4 4 4i m E E.'o li p; 4 x 0 11 p 5 3 P4 E. Mobile, Ala.............................. Monte Video, Uruguay................. Monterey, Mexico...................... Monterey, Cal.......................... Montgomery,* Ala..................... Montpeier, Vt........................ Montreal, Canada...................... Moscow, Russia........................ Munich, Bavaria........................ Nankin, China.......................... Nantucket, Mass....................... Nashua,* N.I........................... Nashville, Tenn........................ Natchez. Miss.......................... Naples, Italy........................... Nee-Ah Harbor, W. T.................. Newark, N. J........................... Newbern, N. C.......................... Newburg, N. Y......................... Newburyport, Mass.................... Newport, R. I.......................... Nassau, N. P........................... Napa City, Cal.......................... New Bedford, Mass..................... New Brunswick,* N. J.................. New Haven, Conn...................... New London, Conn..................... New Orleans, La....................... New York, N. Y.......................... Newcastle, Del....................... Norfolk, Va............................ Northampton, Mass.................... Norwich, Conn........................ New Albany,* Ind...................... Olmutz, Moravia........................ Olympia, W. T......................... Omaha,* Nebraska..................... Oswego.* N. Y......................... Ottawa,* Canada....................... Oxford, Ohio........................... Oxford, England........................ Paris, France........................... Panama, N. G.......................... Paterson,* N. J......................... Padua, Italy............................ Palermo, Italy.......................... Paramatta, AuLstralia................... Pensacola, Fla.......................... 54.7 W. 11.2 E. 31.2 W. 26.3 W. 28.8 W. 47.2 E. 51.2 E. 28.5 E. 37.6 E. 27.2 E. 48.6 E. 15.2 E. 5 W. 27.6 W. 12.1 E. 17.6 W. 31.2 E. 8.8 W. 7.2 E. 43 E. 57.3 E. 47.2 E. 53.3 W. 30.1 E. 11.2 E. 29.6 E. 50.9 E. 48.8 W. 11 E. 3.2 E. 56.1 E. 38 E. 43.2 E. 8.8 W. 11.3 E. 28.8 W. 48.8 W. 51.2 E. 23.2 E. 53 W. 8.6 E. 32.7 E. 45.9 W. 11.2 E. 40.2 E. ,36.7 E. 17.4 E. 53.6 W. 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 7 5 13 0 0 0 0 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 So 0 g o o 0 0 so 6 3 1 0 0o 0o 5o 5o 0 0 5o 6o 15 0o 43 23 33 59 37 17 13 38 54 3 27 22 39 57 5 10 11 0 12 24 22 22 0 24 10 16 19 51 2 6 2 17 19 35 17 3 15 30 3 17 9 11 55 12 40 10 20 23 44 9 4 3 114 8, 195 6 5 9 14 91 47 2 0 3 6 5 5 45' 6 2 4 4 12 3 1 0 4 4 8 94 45 18 0 1 7 7i5 79 2 2 88 .90 228 10 58 47 22 51 22 26 27 37 39 51 57 33 46 21 18 34 52 2 1 10 44 41 13 7 32 7 57 57 2 30 44 24 55 47 17 52 57 27 20 43 47 23 26 47 55 24 4 7 41.2 W. 48 E. 48 W. 34 W. 12 W. 48 E. 48 E. 7.3 E. 24.6 E. 48 E. 9 E. 48 E. 15 W. 54 W. 1.9 E. 24 W. 48 E. 12 W. 48 E. 45 E. 19 E. 48 E. 19 W. 32 E. 48 E. 23.9 E. 44 E. 12 W. 44.9 E. 48 E. 1 E. 8,3 E. 48 E. 12 W. 49.5 E. 12 W. 12 W. 48 E. 48 E. 12 W. 9 E. 9.9 E. 29 W. 48 E. 3.4 E. 9.9 E. 21.7 E. 24 W. 5 3 6 8 5 4 4 2 0 7 4 4 5 6 0 8 4 5 4 4 4 4 8 4 4 4 4 6 4 5 5 4 4 5 1 8 6 5 5 5 0 0 5 4 0 0 10 .5 52 45 41 7 45 50 54 30 46 55 40 45 47 5 57 18 56 8 56 43 45 45 9 43 58 51 48 0 56 2 5 50 48 43 9 11 24 6 2 39 5 9 17 57 47 53 4 48' 5.9W. 0 W. 42.4 W. 37.5 W. 40 W. 24 W. 20 W. 17.3 E. 26.4 E. 16 E. 22.6 W. 56 W. 16.2 W. 38.8 W. 0.9 E. 28.8 W. 40 W. 20 W. 4 W. 28.2 W. 13.9 W. 24 W. 4.5 W. 41.1 W. 0 W. 41.6 W. 20.3 W. 0 W. 0.2 W. 8 W. 15.1 W. 3,3.2 W. 28 W. 20 W. 0.1 E. 40 W. 0 W. 20 W. 48 W. 4 W. 2.6 W. 21.5 E. 57.1 W. 0 W. 29 E. 25.5 E. 6.2 E. 4.8 W. 88 56 100 121 86 72 73 37 11 118 70 71 86 91 14 124 74 77 74 70 71 71 122 ,o 74 72 72 90 74 75 76 72 72 85 17 122 96 76 75 84 1 2 79 74 11 13 151 87 1 15 25 54 25 36 35 34 36 49 5 29 49 24 15 37 10 5 1 52 18 21 16 55 30 55 5 0 0 32 18 38 7 50 15 55 0 35 42 46 15 20 29 15 52 21 1 10 29 0 36 22 0 0 1.q 36 C 3.Iq t: 1'~ ( 21, l1 TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE.-( Contiznu [A star * indicates that the position of such places has been only approxima LONGITUDE FROM WASHINGTON. PLACES. IN TIME. H. M. S. 2 19 28 W. 5 9 20 W. 2 1 13.5 E. 5 58 0 W. 7 45 44 E. 5 20 8 W. 4 53 2.3 W. 5 0 37.6 W. 4 53 44 W. 4 42 41.3 W. 8 1 42.2 W. 5 8 44 W. 4 49 24 W. 8 10 58.2W. 4 40 54.2 W. 8 9 50 W. 4 43 33 W. 5 5 16 W. 4 55 40 W. 6 4 37.3 W. 4 58 37 W. 0 57 42 E. 4 45 34.6 W. 6 32 9 W. 2 1 18.7 E. 5 14 52 W. 6 6 19.2 W. 4 45 4 W. 5 50 41.5 W. 5 15 12 W. 0 0 37.1 W. 5 9 49.9 W. 5 39 8 W. 5 3 40 W. 2 53 4 W. 0 49 54.7 E. 5 11 24 W. IN TIME. M. S. 48 43.2 E. 1 8.8 W. 9 24.7 E. 49 48.8 W. 53 55.2 E. 11 56.8 W. 15 8.9 E. 7 33.6 1 E. 14 27.2 E. 25 29.9 E. 53 31 W. 0 32.8 W. 18 47.2 E. 2 47 W. 27 17 E. 1 38.8 W. 25 7.9 E. 2 55.2 E. 12 31.2 E. 56 26.1 W. 9 34.2 E. 5 53.2 E. 22 36.6 3 E. 23 57.8 W. 9 29.9 E. 6 40.8 W. 58 8 W. 23 7.2E. 42 30.3. W. 7 0.8W. 7 34.1 E. 1 38.7 W. 30 56.8 W. 4 31.2 E. 15 7.2 E. 58 5.9 E. 3 13 W. I LONGITUDE FROM GREED IN ARC. 10 48 E. 17 12 W. 21 10.2 E. 27 12 W. 28 48 E. 59 12 W. 47 12 E. 53 24.6 E. 36 48 E. 22 29 E. 22 45 W. 8 122 W. 42 0 E. 41 45 W. 49 14 E. 24 42 W. 16 58 E. 43 48 E. 7 48 E. 6 31 W. 23 32.7 E. 28S 37.4 E. 39 8.3 E. 59 33 W. 22 28.1 E. 40 12 W. 32 0 W. 46 48 E. 37 34 W. 45 12 E. 53 31 E. 24 40 W. 44 12 W. 7 48 E. 46 48 E. 31 28.5 E. 48 12 W. IN 52 20 18 30 26 2 15 9: 26 40: 5; 11 21 44 13 27 45 19 55 9 39] 25', 23 22 c 19, 43 *34 16 40 48 9 1 27 47 55 16 28 4 51 11. 2 0 7 0 12 0 0 0 g 0 3 0 3 0 g 0 1 o o 0 0 7 0 2 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 2 5 0 o 42 0 107 12 193 '2 3 1 3 6 43 0 4 45 6 45 6 0 3 14 22 91 5 20 107 1 14 5 10 1 76 0 7 333 89 0 o 34 77 30 89 116 80 73 r5 73 70 120 77 72 122 70 122 70 76 73 91 74 14 71 98 30 78 91 71 87 78 0 77 84 75 43 12 77 Pernambuco, Brazil.................... Petersburg, Va......................... Petersburg, Russia..................... Peoria, Ill.............................. Pekin, China........................... Pittsburg, Pa........................... Pittsfield, Mass......................... Philadelphia, Pa........................ Plattsbufrg, N. Y....................... Plymouth, lass........................ Point Conception, Cal.................. Penn-Yan, N. Y........................ Port Au Prince, Hayti.................. Port Townsend, W. T................. Portland, Me........................... Portland, Oregon....................... Portsmouth, N. H...................... Portsmouth, Va........................ Poug-hkeepsie, N. Y.................... Prairie Vu Chien, Minn................. Princeton, N. J......................... Pratre, Bohemia....................... ProVidence, R. I........................ Puebla, Mexico........................ Pulkowa, Russia....................... Quito, Ecuador......................... Quincy,* Ill............................ Quebec, Canada........................ Racine, Wis............................ Raleigh, N. C........................... Reo'eCts' Park. England................ Richmond, Va........................... Richmond. Ind......................... Readling, Pa........................... Rio Janeiro, Brazil..................... Rome, Italy............................ Rochester, N. Y........................ 1869.] ~ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. 5 ... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ G........................ Go~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P Gl' ~' Goo ~ Goo' Go Go Go Go GoGoGoGo GoGoGoGo Go Go GoGo GoGoGo GoGoGoGo GoGoGoGoGo Go GoG -l ~ ~ - iI ~~- i~~~~-~- RI q~~l Go=, -- -11 Go It =:O I Gol.z~~=.o Io ~ oG o G oG oG oG oG o Goooo~~~ 1. GooGoG ~G~.~ "In~o, It. Cl. ~ G~o o ~G~G~ ~ ~ Govo"~ ~ GoooG- ~ ooG~~~ Go Goo Gooo~Gv ~o~~oo~~~ Goo10oo Go~-O - - - n o 1.VIv~ ..0....... 1869.] 57 ' 4; P4 P4 P4 P4 P4 P4p4p4 p; IC —. =I Z I=,="M. —,-,-, —t'C' 11 - "D. - - -V- Vl* x - - -- = - = , Go,=- - =-Cl - -, - - -I 58 TIlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. ~ ooooo~~ooo'o~ 0,0, 0 - 0 ~~0~~~0~~0~0~0000000~o~~~00000o0 ,0 00~00~~0~~0~@)~ S j 0 ooooo0o~ooo0 o~oo0 000 00~C0'OOO0000000 S 0 ~ S -~ ~0~ 5 - ~~ ~~~0~o~~o00~~000~~~0~~00~0~o 0co~~ 000. 0~0 @~0 00~ O0~0 00000 ~000~~ 0 ~ 5 0 0. 0. ~ 0 I -~ ~. o 0, 0, ~~ 0,, 0,0, 0~~o0o-~0~0,-~o0~~00~@~~0~Co0~ S ~o0~000~0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 ~~~~~ ~0~~~0~0~00~00 S S ~ 0 0 0~~0 .~o00oo0~~0~o. ~00~ 0 0 ~ -~ ~o~ ~, 0, 0 0 0 5 00~~0~0o~~00@~00~~o @~ S ~ ~~~~~0~0~~~ -~- 0 S S ~oo0o0~ 0.000 @~00O~ ~~~~~~~0~~~~o0 ~ -~ 0 0o~ooo.o~o~o:~~.~ -o0.~000o~0~~000OO0~ S _____________________________ 0 S ~`,~~~ ~~,~ 0.0.~~0.~0.0. 0,~0,0,~,0, 0,~0,0.0~~~00 0 ~ ~`000@ 0o~~0o~~0.00~ S, o~0~~~~~0. .o0oo00o0~o00-0oo0oo0 ~ooo0oooo~ooooo ~ 0. S. - 0 0' ::o~:.~~:&amp; s~ `0*`0 ~~.~:~~`~ ~~~S~'j0~~~~'~ThO~oS~~?~*~#~Z~~~ 0~0~0bC0~*::.~0~ o~~x7S ~~`s ~ 0~' So77~~'o0 ~~~~~ PART II. THE UNITED STATES. The United States of America, exclusive of Alaska, or the territory acquired fiom Russia in 1867, extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific, and from British America to the Gulf of Mexico. It lies between Lat. 24~ 20' and 49~ North, and Long. 10~ 14' East, and 47~ 30' West from Washington. It has a coast line of 2,163 miles on the Atlantic, 1,764 miles on the Gulf of Mexico, and 1,343 miles on the Pacific. Alaska, sometimes known as North-western America, with its islands, extends from the South end of Prince of Wales Island, Lat. 54~ 40', to Point Barrow, 71~ 30' North, and from Lon. 53~ to 116~ West from Washington. The entire area of the United States and Territories is 3,578,392 square miles, or about four-ninths of North America, and more than one-fifteenth of the land surface of the globe. This area has been acquired as follows: Territory as ceded by England, 1783..................................... 815,615 square miles. Louisiana as acquired from France, 1803................................930,928. " Florida as acquired from Spain. 1821.................................... 59,268 " Texas as admitted to the Union, 1845....................................237,504 " " Oregon as settled by treaty, 1846........................................280,425 " " California, etc., as conquered from Mexico, 1847.........................649,762 " Arizona (New Mexico) as acquired from Mexico by treaty, 1854......... 27,500 " Alaska as acquired from Russia by treaty, 1867..........................577,390 " " Total in 1868....................................................3,578,392 " The first European settlement was made by Spaniards at St. Augustine in Florida, in 1565, but this place was not included within the limits of the United States until 1821. The first permanent English settlement was made at Jamestown in Virginia, in 1607. Other settlements were made and colonies organized which were subject to the English government until the Declaration of Independence, July 4th, 1776. Delegates from the following States-: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, in congress assembled, adopted articles of confederation in 1777. The Constitution which was framed in 1787, and ratified by the thirteen original States, went into operation March 1st, 1789. It received ten amendments in 1791, an eleventh amendment in 1798, a twelfth in 1804, a thirteenth in 1865, and a fourteenth in 1868. The government of the United States is based on this constitution which, with the laws made in accordance with its provisions, and treaties made under its authority, is the supreme law of the land. By the constitution, the government is entrusted to three separate authorities, the Legislative vested in congress, the Executive vested in the President, and the Judicial vested in one Supreme court and such inferior courts as congress may from time to time establish. (59) THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE GOVERNMENT FROM THE FIRST CONTI NENTAL CONGRESS TO THE PRESENT TIME. PRESIDENTS. I.-Prior to tle Adoption of the Constitution. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Date of Appoint- |on tDiedo.ppit NAME. Stte Date f Appit. B.,..Did. NAME. State. De f Appint Born. Died. Peyton Randolph. Va. Sept. 5, 177417i23 1775 John Hanson. Md. Nov. 5, 1781.... 1783 Henry Middleton. S. C. Oct. 22, 1774......Elias Botidinot... N.J. Nov. 4, 1782 1740 1824 John Hancock... Mass. May 24, 1775 1371793 Thomas Mifflin.. Penn. Nov. 3, 1783117441800 Henry Latrens... S. C. Nov. 1, 17771723 1792 Rich'd'Henry Lee Va. Nov. 30, 1784 17321794 John Jay......... N.Y. Dec. 10 17781745 1829 Nathan'l Gorham. Mass. June 6, 1786 1738 1796 Sam'lHuntington Conn. Sept. 28, 1779 1732 1796 Arthur St. Clair.. Penn. Feb. 2, 1787.... 1818 Thomas MIcKean. Del. July 10, 1781117,34 1817 Cyrus Griffin..... Va. Jan. 22, 1788 1748 1810 II.-Under the Constitution. Term ofSero' NAME. State Term of Set- B3 D AE Sae ie orn. Dieed. N,,... Stat~ ~ B.. SDied. Ntc e. B,rn. Died. George Washington Va. 17i89-1797 1732 1799 John Tyler......... Va. 1841-1845 1790 1862 John Adams........ Mass. 1797-1801 1735 1826 James K. Polk..... Tenn. 1845-1849 1795 1849 Thomas Jefferson.. Va. 1801-1809 1743 1826 Zachary Taylor..... La. 1849-1850 1784 1850 James Madison..... Va. 1809-1817 1751 1837 Millard Fillmore.... N. Y. 1850-1853 1800.... James Monroe...... Va. 1817-1825 1759 1831 Franklin Pierce.... N. H. 1853-1857 1804.... John Quincy Adams Mass. 1825-1829 1767 1848 James Buchanan.... Penn. 1857-1861 1791 1868 Andrew Jackson.... Tenn. 1829-1837 1767 1845 Abraham Lincoln... ll. 1861-1865 1809 1865 Martin Van Btiren.. N. Y. 1837-1841 1782 1862 Andrew Johnson... Tenn. 1865-.... 1808.... WilliamH. Harrison Ohio. 1841-1841 1773 1841.......................................... VICE-PRESIDENTS. Ieeeaef~~~~~~~~~ee- ~~~Term of Ser NAME. Stat. ve. Teroer Ba)rn. Oed. NAME. State. vieor. Bn.- Died. John Adams......... NMass. 1789-17)7'1735 1'826 John Tyler......... Va. 1841-1841 17901862 Thomas Jefferson.. Va. 1797-1801 1743 1826 George M. Dallas... Penn. 1845-1849 1792 1864 Aaron Burr......... N. Y. 1801-1805 1756 1836t Millard Fillmore... N. Y. 1849-1850 1800.... George Clinton..... N.Y. 1805-1812 173911812 William R. King.... Ala. 1853-1853 1786 1853 Elbrfl'ge Gerry..... ass. 1813-1814 174411814 J. C. Breckinridge.. Ky. 1857-1861 1821 Daniel D. Tompkins N. Y. 1817-1825 1774i1825 Hannibal Hamlin... Me. 18(11-1865 1809.... John C. Calhoun... S. C. 1825-1832 178211850 Andrew Johnson... Tenn. 1865-18651808.... Martin Van Burcl.. N. Y. 1833-1837 1782 1862........................................... Richard iI. Johnson Ky. 1837-1841 1780 1850.... SECRETARIES OF STATE. Born.. Died. NAM. 1743 1826 Daniel Webster.... .... 1813 Hugh S. Legare.... 1745 1829 Abel P. Upshur..... 1755 1836 John C. Calhoun... 1751 1837 James Buchanan... 1757 1842 John M. Clayton... 1759 1831 Daniel Webster.... 1767 1848 Edward Everett.... 1777 1852 William L. Marcy.. 1782 1862' Lewis Cass......... 1764 18361 Jeremiah S. Black.. 1786 1857 Williamn H. Seward. 1780 1841.................... I 60 [1869. 1841-1843 1782 1843-1843 1797 1843-1844 1790 1844 —1845 1782 1845-1849 1791 1849-1850 1796 1850-1852 1782 1852-1853 1794 18,53-1857 1786 1857-1861 1782 1861-18(ii 1810 18(;l-....1801 .............. T.. f ,, 1789-17.94 1794-1795 1795-1800 1800-1801 1801-18019 1809-1811 1811-1817 1817-1825 1825-1829 1829-1831 1831-1833 1833-1835 1835-1841 Thomas Jefferson.. Edmund Randolph. Timothy Picker'lg 1 John Marshall...... James Madison..... Robert Smith...... James Monroe...... John Quincy Adams Henry-C,Iay......... Martin Van Buren.. Edward Livingston Louis -,NlcLane...... John Forsyth....... st.t.. Va. Va. Mass. Va. Va. 'Alass. Va. Mass. Ky. N. Y. La. Del. Ga. st.t.. Mass. S. C. Va. S. C. Penn. Del. Mass. Mass. N. Y'Mich' Penn' N. Y. ...... Di.d. 1852 1843 1844 1850 1868 1856 1852 1865 1860 1866 .... .... GOVERNMENT OFFICERS. SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. Term of Ser 1789-1795 1795-1801 1801-1802 1802-1814 1814-1814 1814-1817 1817-1825 1825-1829 1829-1831 1831-1833 1833-1833 1833-1834 1834-1841 1841-1841 Born... Died. NME. Sae 1757 1S041 Walter Forward.... Penn. 1759 18331!John C. Spencer.... N. Y. 1761 18161'George M. Bibb....8.. Ky. 1761 18491 Robert J. Walker... Miss. l1768 18481 Wm. M. Meredith.. Penn. 1760 1817 Thomas Corwin.... Ohhio. 1772 1834 Jaimes Guthrie..... Ky. 1780 1860 Howell Cobb....... Ga. 1779'1!860 Philip Thomas.....M. - d. 1786 1857 John A. Dix....... N. Y. 1780 1865 Salmon P. Chase.... Ohio. 1777 1864 Wm. P. Fessenden. Me. 1789 1857 Hugh McCulloch... Ilnd. 1789.............................. Born. 1786 1787 1772 1801 179,1 1793 1815 1810 17198 1808 1806 .... .... SECRETARIES OF WAR. Term of Ser 1789-1795 1795-1795 1796-1800 1800-1800 1801-1801 1801-1809 1809-1813 1813-1814 1814-1815 1815-1816 1817-1817 1817-1825 1825-1828 1828-1829 1829-1831 1831-1837 NMK. item. Dmd. ifeMe. item. Diea. NA ME. Strate. Henry Knox....... Mass. Timothy Pickering. Penn. JamesMcHenry.... Md. Samuel Dexter.... Mass. Roger Griswold.....,Conn. HenryDearborn.... lMa ss. William Eustis.... a 0 7 W. M. ass. John Armstrong.... N. Y. James Monroe...... 1 1. Va. Wm. H. Crawford.. Ga. George Graham........ Va. John C. Calhoun.... S. C. James Barbour..... Va. Peter B. Porter...St.... N.Y. John H. Eaton...... Tenn. Lewis Cass......... Mich. Lewis Cass.......Mich. 1831-1837 1782 1866.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SECRETARIES OF TIIE NAVY. N.,..e. StDe. SB.er.. NAME. George Cabot......Mas. 1791 171751 1823 George E. BaDger.. Benjamin Stoddert. Md. 1798-1801....... Abel P. 19psh0 r Robert Smith....... Md. 1801-1805 1757 1842 David Henshaw.... Jac'b Crowninshield!Mass. 1805-1809........Thomas W. Gilmer. Paul Hamilton..... S. C. 1809-1813.... 1816 John Y. Mason..... William Jones..... Penn. 1813-1814.... 1831 George Bancroft.. B.W. Crowninshield lMass.l 1814-1818 1774 1851 John Y. Mason..... Smith Thompson... IN. Y.'1818-1823 1767 1843 William B. Preston. John Rodgers......cI Mass. 1823-1823 1765 1838 William A. Graham Samuel L. Southard N. J. 182.3-1829 1787 18421 John P. Kennedy..... John Branch....... N. C. 1829-1831 1782 1863 James C. Dobbin.. Levi Woodbury.... N. H. 1831-1834 1789 1851 Isaac Toncey....... Mahlon Dickerson.. N.J. 1834-1838 1769 1853 Gideon Welles...... James K. Paulding. IN. Y. 1838-1841 1779l18601.................... SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Term of Ser, StTeefe. Termof Ser Tfe'B. State. ce. itcee,. Died. NAM.. State. Te. f Born. Died. Thomas E;in..... Ohio. 1849-1850 1789.... Caleb B. Smith..... Ind. 1861-1862 1808 1864 T. M. T. M,cKennan. Penn. 1850-1850.... 1852 John P. Usher...... Ind. 1862-1865........ Alex. H. H. Stewart. Va. 1850-1853........ James Harlan..... Iowa. 1865-1866 1820.... Robert MecClelland. Mich. 1853-1857 1807.... Orville H. Browning Ill. 1866-............ Jacob Thomipson... Miss. 1857-1861 1810......................................... 1 1869.] 61 Te. f S, 1,941-1843 1843-1'44 1844-184:5 1845-184) 1849-1850 1850-1853 1853-1857 1857-1860 1860-1861 1861-1861 1861-1864 1864-1865 1865-.... ......... I Di,,d. 1852 1855 l-9 ... 1865 186 .... .... .... N"... AlexanderHamilton Oliver Wolcott...... Samuel Dexter..... Albert Gallatiii..... Geor,-,e W. Cam-pl)ell Alex der J. liallas Wm. H. Crawford.. Richard Rush...... Samuel D. Inham.. Louis -iqclaii...... William J. Duaiie.. Ro er B. Taiiey.,.. Lefi Woodbury..... Thomas Ewing..... st.t.. N. Y. Conn. Mass. Penn. Tenn. Pei-in. Ga. Penn. Penn. Del. Penn. iNId. N. IFI. Ohio. T.. f S,, 183'7-1837 1837-1841 1841-1841 IFAI-1843 1843-1844 1844-1845 1845-1849 1,849-1850 1850-1853 185,'3-1857 1857-1860 1860-1861 1861-1862 1862-1868 1868-.... B.,.. 175C 1745 1755 1761 1762 1751 1754 1759 1759 1772 1758 1782 1776 1773 1790 1782 Di,,d. 1806 1829 i'81''6 1812 1829 1825 1843 1831 1834 1826 1 0 1842 1844 1856 1866 enjamin F. Btitler. oel R. Poinsett.... ohn Bell........... ohn C. Spencer.... mes 1VI. Porter.... illiam WilkiDS... illiam L. ATarcy.. orge W. Crawford arles M. Conrad.. effersoii Davis..... hn B. Floyd...... pseph I-Iolt........ imoii Cameron.... dwin M. Stanton.. ohn M. Schofield.. st.t". N. Y. S. C. Tenn.N. Y. Penn. Penn. N. Y. Ga. La. Miss. Va. Ky. Penn. Penn. ...... B.-. 17.95 1779 1797 1787 .i. 1 19 1786 1798 1807 1808 1805 1807 1799 1814 1831 .... Di,d. 1858 1851 .... 1855 l' 1860 .... i43' .... .... .... .... N. C. 1841-1841 Va. 1841-1843 Mass. 1843-1844 Va. 1844-lG44 Va. 1844-1845 Mass. 1845-1846 Va. 11146_1849 Va. 1849-1850 N. C. 1850-1852 Md. 18r,2-1853 N. C. 1853-1857 Conn. 1857-1861 Conn. 1861-.... ................ B.-. Di,,d. l'i95 1866 1790 18,14 1791 IS52 .... 1 1795 1859 1800.., 1795 18M) .... 1862 1804.... 1795.... 1814 1857 1798.... 1802.... ........ THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. Teeccle l - cf-e N-ME.. Samuel Osgood..... Mass. Timothy Pickering. Penn. Joseph Iabersham. Ga. Gideon Granger.... Conn. Return J. Meigs, Jr. Ohio. John McLean..... Ohio. William T. Barry... Ky. Amos Kendall.....K. Ky. John M. Niles...... Conn. Francis Granger..... 168 N.Y. Chas. A. Wickliffe.. Ky. Chas. A. Wickliffe. 3 Ky. 1841-1845 1788.... Alex. W. Randall... Wis. 1866-.... 1819.... ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. I Teeaccfiee Teeccefice State. vice. icea. Died. ifMa. State. vice. Bcea. Died. NAsMEo Edmund Randolph. William Bradford.. Charles Lee........ Levi Lincoln....... Robert Smith....... John Breckeeridge. Ciesar A. Rodney... William Pinkney... Richard Rush...... William Wirt....... John M. Berrien.... Roger B. Taney.... Benjamin F. Butler. Felix Grundy....... Henry D. Gilpin.... NAME. John J. Crittenden. Wu8h S. Legare.... John Nelson....... John Y. Mason..... athan Clifford..... saac Toucey....... -everdy Johnson... John J. Crittenden. ~aleb Cushing...... Jeremiah S. Black.. Edwin M. Stanton.. Edward Bates...... [ames S. Speed.... tenry Stanberry... Nilliam M. Evarts.. Felix Grundy.....Tenn. 1838-1840 1770 1840 Henry Stanherry... Ohio. 1861868 1803.... Henry D. Gilpin.... Penn. 1841841 1801 1860 William M. Evarts.. N.Y. 186w. CHIEF JUSTICES OF THE SUPREiME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. TeecNStt. I Tem f Ser' NAMXE. State. e o rn. Died. NAME Stt. vice. Born. Died. John Jay........... N. Y. 1789-1795 1745 1829 John Marshall...... Va. 1801-1836 1755 1836 John Rutledge..... S. C. 1795-1795 1739 1800 Roger B. Taney.... Md. 1836-1864 1777 1864 Oliver Ellsworth.... Conn. 1796-1801 1752 1807 Salmon P. Chase... Ohio. 186 —.... 1808.... ASSOCIATE JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THIE UNITED STATES. State. ed. NAMe. State. Te ct Se State T. B. Died. vie Br. i Died. NAME. John Rutledge...... William Cushing... James Wilson...... John Blair.......... R. H. Harrison........ James Iredell.......1: Thomas Johnson... William Patterson... Samuel Chase.....H.. Biishrod Wash'gton Alfred Moore....... William Johnson... B3rock.Livingston... Thomas Todd...... Joseph Story....... Gabriel Duval......... Smith Thompson...: Robert Trimble....': i.......................... I I i [1869. 62 B.,.. Did. l'i93 1866 1792 1865 1810.... 1799 1855 i 7"9'5 1"8'5'9 1807.... 1811.... 1813.... 1815.... 1819.... T.- f S,-,, 1791-1795 1795-1801 1801-1814 1814-1823 In1829 1829-1835 18,35-1840 1840-1841 1841-1841 1841-1845 T.- f S, — 1845-1849 1849-1850 1850-1852 1852-1853 1851857 1857-1859 l19-1861 1861-1861 1861-1864 1864-1866 1866-.... 13.-. 1748 1745 1750 1767 1766 1785 1785 1789 1787 1787 1788 Di,,d. 1813 1829 1815 1822 18, 1861 1835 i '6 1868 .... X"... Cave Johnson...... Jacob Collamer..... Nathan K. Hall..... Samuel D. Hubbard James Campbell.... Aaron V. Brown.... Joseph Holt........ Horatio Kinp:....... MontL,omeriBlair.. Willim Dehnison.. Alex. W. Randall... st.t.. Tenn. Vt. N. Y. Conn. Penn. Tenn. Ky. Ale. Md. Ohio. Wis. T- f S,,, 1789-1794 1794-1795 1795-1801 1801-1805 1805-1805 1805-1806 1807-1811 1811-1814 1814-1817 1817-1829 1829-1831 1831-1&33 1833-1838 183a-1840 1840-1841 T,,- f I'. 1841-1841 1841-1843 1843-1845 1841846 1846-1848 1848-1849 1849-1850 1850-1853 1853-1857 185'7-1860 1860-1861 1861-1864 1864-1866 181868 1868-.... st.t,.. Va. Penn. Va. -Alass. Md. Ky. Del. A,ld. Penn. Va. Ga. IVID. N. Y. Tenn. Penn. st.t. Ky. S. C. Md. Va. Me. Conn. Md. Ky. Mass. Penn. Penn. Mo. Ky. Ofiio. N. Y. B.-. 1786 1797 1791 1795 1803 1798 1796 1786 1800 1810 1814 1791 1812 1803 Di.d. 1863 1843 1860 1859 .... i'3 .... .... .... .... .... .... B.,.. .... 1756 17-07 ,749 1757 .... i'7'6'5 1780 1772 1781 1777 1795 1770 1801 Di,,d. 1813 1795 1815 1820 1842 1806 1824 1822 1860 1834 1856 1864 1858 1840 1860 r S. C. 1789-1791 Mass 1789-1810 Penn. 1789-1798 Va. 1789-1796 Md. 1789-1789 N. C. jl790-Ilt99 Md. 1791-1793 N. J. 1793-1806 Md. lli,96-1811 Va. 1798-1829 N. C. 1799-1804 S. C. 1804-18' 34 N. Y. 1806-1'3 Ky. 1807-1826 Mass. il8ll-1845 Md. 111811-18,1,5 N. Y. 1182,3-1845 Ky. 11826-1829 B.-. 1739 1733 1742 1732 1745 1750 1732 1743 I'.41 1759 1755 1771 1757 1765 I'79 1751 1767 1776 Died. 1800 1810 1798 1800 1790 1799 1819 1806 1811 1829 isio 18,'A 1823 1826 1845 11844 1184.3 i 1829 i N... hn iMcLean...... enry Baldwin..... mes M. Wayne... ilip P. Barbour.. hn Catroii........ ohn McKinley..... eter V. Daniel..... amuel Nelson..... evi Woodbury..... obert C. Grier.... enj. R. Curtis..... ames A. Campbell. than Clifford..... oah H. Swayne.... amuel F. avid Davis........ tephen J. Field.... Ohio, Penn. Ga. Va. Tenn. Ala. Va. N. Y. N. H. Penn. Mass. Ala. Me. Ohio. Iowa. Ill. Cal. 1861 830-1846 835-1867 836-1841 837-1865 837-1852 841-1860 845-.... 845-1851 846-.... 851-1857 85,1856 859-.... 86')-. - - - 862-.... 862-.... 863-.... 1785 1861 1779 1846 1786 1867 1779 1841 1786 1865 .... 1852 1785 1860 1792.... 1789 1851 1794.... 1809.... 1802.... 1803.... 1805.... 1816.... 1815.... 1817.... .................. LIST OF CONGRESSES. PRESIDENTS PRO-TEMPORE OF THE SENATE. Name. Born. Died. NAme. State. Toem of See Born. Died. 1770 1842 1772 1834 1759 1821 .... 1826 1776 1842 .... 1896 1757 1837 1752 1839 1774 1860 1773 1840 .... 1853 1790 1862 1786 1852 1787 1842 1792 1861 1807.... 1786 1852 1807.... 1812.... 1798.... 1802.... 1802 1866 1809.... 1806.... 1800.... N"M.. John Pope......... Wm. H. Crawford.. Joseph B. Varnum.. John Gaillard...... James Barbour..... John Gaillard...... Nathaniel Macon... Samuel Smith...... L. W. Tazewell..... Hugh Lawson White George Poindexter. John Tyler......... William R. King... Samuel L. Southard Willie P. Mangum.. David R. Atchison.. William R. King.... David R. Atchison.. Jesse D. Bright..... James M. Mason.... Benj. Fitzpatrick... Solomon Foote.... Daniel Clark....... Lafayette S. Foster. Benjamin F. Wade. ......................... John Lane'don...... Richard Henry Lee. John Langdon...... Ralph Izard....... Henry Tazewell.... Samuel Livermore.. Williamn Bingham.. William Bradford... Jacob Read......... Theodore Sedgwick John Lawrence..... James Ross....... Samuel Livermore.. Uriah Tracy........ John E. Howard.... James Hillhouse... Abram Baldwin.... Stephen R. Bradley. John Brown........ Jesse Franklin...... Joseph Anderson... Samuel Smith...... Stephen R. Bradley. John Milledge........ Andrew Gregg...... John Gaillard...... Andrew Gregg....Penn. 1809-1809 1755 1835 Benjamin F. Wade. Ohio. 1867-.... 1800.... John Gaillard.....S. C. 1810-1810.... 1826. SPEAKERS OF THE IHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Term of See. Term of See.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ John Bell........... James K. Polk..... Robert M. T. Hunter John White........ John W. Jones..... John W. Davis...... Robert C. Winthrop Howell Cobb........ Linn Boyd.......... N. P. Banks........... James L. Orr....... William Pennington Galusha A. Grow... Schuyler Colfax.... N.... F. A. Muhlenburgh. Jonathan Trumbull. F. A. Muhlenburgh. Jonathan Dayton... Theodore Sedgwick Nathaniel Macon... Joseph B. Varnum.. Henry Clay......... Langdon Cheeves... Henry Clay......... John W. Taylor.... Philip P. Barbour.. Henry Clay......... John W. Taylor.... Andrew Stevenson. John W.Taylor.... N.Y. 1825-1827 1784 1854 Schuyler Colfax Ind. 1863-.... 1823.... Andrew Stevenoon. Va. 1827-1834 1784 1857. LIST OF'CONGRESSES. No. of No. ofNoof N.f Congress i. TiSe ssion.e Tm S. Ilst...March 4, 1789-Sept. 29, 1789. 1st. 2d.... Jan. 4, 1790-Aug. 12, 1790. 3d.. Dec. 6, 1790-Mar. 3, 1791. 2dl st....O ct. 24, 1791 —May 8, 1792. .2d.. Nov. 5, 1792-Mar. 2, 1793. ls It.... Dec. 2, 1793 —Junie 9, 1794. - 2d.... Nov. 3, 1794-Mar. 3, 1795. 4th. lst....Dec. 7, 1795-JTtne 1, 1796. 2d Dec. 5, 1796-Mar. 3, 1797. (st.... May 15, 1797-July 10,1797. 5th. 2d....Nov. 13, 1797-Juily 16, 1798. 3d.... Dec. 3, 1798-Mar. 3, 1799. 6thi lst.... Dec. 2, 1799-May 14,1800. 2d.... Nov. 17, 1800-Mar. 3,1801. h fIst....Dec. 7, 1801-May 3. 1802. 2d Dec. 6. 1802-Mar. 8, 1803. No. of N o ~ ~ Ti. of Congress. Session. Time of Session. 1th. st.. Oct. 17, 180,-Mar. 27, 1804. 2d....Nov.. 5, 1804 —Mar. 3, 1805. 9.th Slt 1t... -Dec. 2, 1805-April 21, 1806. 2d.....Dec. 1, 1806-Mar. 3. 1807. 0th 17lst....Oct. 26, 1807-April 25, 1808. * 2d. Nov. 7, 1808-Mar. 3,1809. l 1st....May 22, 1809-June 28, 1809. 11th. 2d....Nov. 27, 1809-May 1, 1810. 3d.D.. Dec. 38, 1810-Mar. 3, 1811. fth 1st.. Nov. 4, 1811-July 6, 1812. 2d.Nov. 2, 1812-Mar. 3, 1813. l 1st.... May 24, 1813-AAug. 2,1813. 13th. 2d....Dec. 6, 1813-April 18, 1814. 3d....Sept. 19, 1814-Mar. 3, 1815. 14th 1st... Dec. 4, 1815-April 30, 1816. 74. 2.d.D. 2, 1816-Mar. 3, 1817. 1869.1 63 1789-1789'1741 1792-l't92 1732 1789-1789 1741 17.%-l-,94'1738 1795-1795.... 1799-1799 1732 1797-1797 1752 1797-1797 1729 1797-1797.... 1798-1798 1746 1798-1798 1750 1799-1799 1761 1799-1799 1732 1800-1800 1755 1800-1800 1752 1801-1801 17.54 1801-1802 1744 1802-1803 1754 1803-1804 1757 1804-1804 1758 1805-1805 1757 1805-1808 1752 1808-1809 1754 1809-1809.... 1809-1809 1755 1810-1810.... Di.d. 1819 i 1794. 1819 1 1804 1 1799' 1803 1804 1808 .... 1813 1810 1847 1803 1807 1827 1832 1807 1830 1837 1823 18,37 1839 1830 1818 1835 1826. 1813-1814 1814-1819 1819-1819 1820-1825 1826-1827 1828-1831 1832-1832 1832-1833 18:,'4-1834 1835-1835 1836-1841 1841-1842 1842-1845 1846-1849 1850-1852 1852-1854 1854-1857 1857-1857 1858-1859 1861-1863 1864-1865 1866-1867 1867-.... .......... st.t.. N. H. Va. N. H. S. C. Va. N. H. Penn. R. 1. S. C. Mass. N. Y. Penn. N. H. Conn. Md. Conn. Ga. Vt. Ky. N. C. Tenn. Md. Vt. Ga. Penn. S. C. st.t. Ky. Ga. iNlass. S. C. Va. S. C. N. C. Md. Va. Tenn. Miss. Va. Ala. N. J. N. C. Mo. Ala. Mo. Ind. Va. Ala. Va. N. H. Conn. Ohio. ...... T.- f S,, 1789-1791 1791-1793 1793-1795 1795-1799 1799-1801 1801-1807 1807-1811 1811-1814 1814-1815 1815-1820 1820-1821 1821-1823 1823-1825 1825-1827 1827-1834 T,,. f B.,, 1834-1835 1835-1839 1839-1841 1841-1843 1843-1845 1845-1847 1847-1849 1849-1851 1851-1855 1855-1857 1857-1859 1859-1861 1861-1863 1863-.... st.t.. enn. onn. nn. . J. ass. . C. ass. Y. C. Y. . Y. y . V. B.-. 1750 1740 1750 1756 1746 1757 1750 1777 1776 1777 1784 1779 1777 1784 1784 Di.d. 1801 1809 1801 1824 1813 1837 1821 1852 1857 1852 1854 1839 1852 1854 1857 N.... st.t.. Tenn. Tenn. Va. Ky. Va. Ind. Mass' Ga. Ky. Mass. S. C. N. J. Penn. Ind. B-. 1797 1795 1809 1805 1806 1799 1809 1815 1800 1816 1822 1796 183 l8z3 Di.d. i8,,4,9 i~ii 1848 1859 1~14 1859 .... 1 2 .... .... THE AMERICAN YEARP-BOOK AND REGISTER. LIST OF CONGRESSES.-(Continued.) No.. of No. of Congress. Session. Time of Session. 129th 1tst... Dec. 1, 1845-Aug. 10, 1846. d. 2.. Dec. 7, 1846-Mar. 3, 1847. 10th 1st....Dec. 6, 1847-AAug. 14, 1848. h.a30..2. Dec. 4, 1848 —Mar. 3, 1849. 31 tst.. Dec. 3, 1849-Sept. 30,1850. 2d....Dec. 2, 1850 —Mar. 3, 151. D32d. lst... Dec. 1, 1851-AgAu. 31, 1852. 2d.. Dec. 6, 18a2 —Mar. 3, 1853. 9 1 De33d1 M 1st Dec. 5, 1853-Aug. 7, 1854. 2d... Dec 4, 1854-Mar. 3, 1855. st....Dec. 3,1855 —Aug. 18, 1856. 34th. 2d. Au. 21, 1856-A. t3d.Dec.. Dec. 31, 18560 Ma.. 3, 185. 3 35th. st.. Dec. 7, 1857-June 1 1858. .. 2d. Dec 6 1858-SMar 3, 1859. 36th st.... Dec. 5, 1859 —JLune 18 1860. d... Dec. 3, 1860- Mar. 4, 1 861. lst.... July 3, 1861-Ang. 6, 1861. 37th. 2d... Dec. 2, 1861 —Jiy 17, 162. 2 3d.. Dec. 1, 186-Mar. 4, 186f;3. 13 th st.... Dec. 7 1863 July 2; 1864. 1t2d Dl.... Dec. 5, 1864 —Mar. 4, 1865. 39th. lst.... Dec. 4, 1865-July 28, 1866. 2d.... Dec.. 3, 1866-Mar. 4, 186'7. .st.... Mar. 4, 1867-Mar. 30,1867. I.... July 3, 1867-July 20, 1867. 40th. - ".... Nov. 21, 1867-Dec. 2, 1867. 2d.... Dec. 2, 1867-July 27, 1868. 3d.....Dec. 7, 1868 Tiooe of Session. 1, 1817-April 30, 1818. 16, 1818 —Mar. 3, 1819. 6, 1819-May 15, 1820. 13, 1820-Mar. 3, 1821. 3, 1821-Mnay 8, 1842.. 2,1822 —Mar. 3,1823. 1, 1823 —May 27,1824. 6, 1824 —Mar. 3, 1825. 5, 1825 —May 22, 1826. 4, 1826-Mar. 3, 1827. 3, 1827 —Mlay 26,1828. 1, 1828 —Mar. 3, 1829. 7, 18.29 —May 31, 1830. 6, 1830-Mar. 3, 1831. 5, 1831-July 16, 1832. 3, 1839N-Mar. 3, 1833. 2, 1833-June 30, 1834. 1, 1834-Mar. 3, 1835. 7, 1835 —July 4, 1836. 5, 1836-Mar. 3, 1837. 4, 1837-Oct. 16, 1837. 4, 1837 —Jtuly 9, IS38. 3, 183-Mar. 3, 1839. 2, 183.9-Juily 21, 1840. 7. 1840 —lar. 3, 1841. 31, 1841-Sept. 13, 1841. 6, 1S41 —Aug. 31, 184.2. 5, 184;2 —lar. 3, 1843. 4, 1843-Jitne 17, 1844. 2, 1844 —Mar. 3, 1845. LIST OF GOVERNORS. ALABAMA. William W. Bibb....1819-1820. Arthur P. Bagby.....1837-1841. Andrew B. Moore.... 1857-1861. Thomas Bibb........1820-1821. Benj. Fitzpatrick.....1841-1845. John G. Shorter......1861-1863. Israel Pickins........1821-1825. Joshua L. Martin.... 1845-1847. Thomas H. Watts.... 1863-1865. John Murphy..........1825-1829. Reuben Chapman....1847-1849. Lewis E. Parsons.....1865-18;5. Gabriel Moore........1829-1831. Ilenry W. Collier.... 1849-1853. Robert M. Patton.... 1865-1868. John Gayle..........1831-1835. John A. Winston.... 1853-1857. William EI. Smith.... 1868-..... Clement C. Clay....1835-1837............................................................... APRKANSAS. TER.PRITORY. STATE. John S. Roane...... 1848-1852. James Miller.........1819-1825. James S. Conway.... 1836-1840. Elias N. Conway.....1852-1860. George Izard........ 1825-1829. Archibald Yell.......1840-1844. Ilenry M. Rector.....1860-18i4. John Pope...........18,29-1835. Sam'l Adams, (acting)1814-1844. Isaac Murphy...... 1864-1868. William S. Fulton...1835-1836. Thomas S. Drew.....18441848. Powcell Clayton......1868..... CALIFORNIA. Peter H. Burnett.....1849-1851. John B. Welle.........18561860. Leland Stanford........ 186-1863. John McDdigall,(act.)1851-1852. Milton S. Lathamn.....1860-1860. Frederick F. Low... 1863-1868. John Bigler......... 1852-1856. John G. Downy......1860-1862. Henry H. Haight.....186,-..... J. Neely Johnson.... 1856-1858.............................................................. CONNECTICUT. Samuel Hiuntington..1785-1796. Henwy W. Edwards.. 1833-1834. Thomas HI. Seymour.1850-1853. Oliver Wolcott.......1796-1798. Samuiel A. Foote.....1834-1835. C. H. Pond, (acting)..1853-145.4. Jonathan Triimbull...17981809. Henry W. Edwards.. 1835-1838. Henry Dutton........185)4-1855. John Treadwell...... 1809-1811.I Wm. W. Ellsworth... 1838-1842. William T. Milnor.... 8-57. Roger Griswold...... 1811-1813.j C. F. Cleveland..... 1842-1844. Alexander H. HIlolley. 1857-18538. Jolhn Cotton Smith...1813-1818. I Roger S. Bal(lwin... 1844-1846. Wm. A. Buckingham 1858-1866. Oliv er Wolcott.......1818-1827. Isaac Toucey.........1846-1847. Joseph R. Hawley 1 866c1867. Gideon Tomlinson... 1827-1831. Clark Bissell...........1847-1849. James E. English....1867-.... John S. Peters.......1831-1833.!Joseph Trumbull.....1849-1850................................. 64 [1869. 15th. { 1st Dec. 2d....-Nov. 16th. l st....e 2d....Nov. I?-,th. ls... Dec. 2d...dt Dec. 18th. Ist.... Dec 2 2d....Dec. 21st. Il....Dec. t 2d.... Dec. 23d..... Dec. 2t. Dec. h i st....Dec. 2std. 2d.... Dec. . 3cl.... Dec. 0h 1st.... Dec. 23d. Isc....Dec. 3d.... Dec. 1sth. I1st.... Dc 2d....Dec. lst....Sept. 28th. 2...Dec. * s d....Dec. 233dt. Ist... Dec. ,2.. Dec. !Sth. I 1s....~a 27th. 2d...Dec. 3d...Dec. 2Sth. I 1s,t.... D, 2d...Dec. DELAWARE. Joshua Clayton......178-1796. John Clarke..........1817-1820. William B. Cooper...1840-1844. Gunning Bedford...1796-1797. Jacob Stout, (acting). 1820-1821. Thomas Stockton....1844-1846. Daniel Rogers........1797-1798. John Collins.......... 1821-1822. Joseph Maul, (acting).184-1846. Richard Bassett......1798-1801. Caleb Rodney,(acting)1822-1823. William Temple.....1846-1846. James Sykes, (acting) 1801-1802. Joseph Haslett....... 1823-1824. William Thorp...... 18461851. David Hall...........1802-1805. Samuel Paynter... 1824-1827. William H. Ross......1851-1855. Nathaniel Mitchell... 1805-1808. George Poindexter... 1827-1830. Peter F. Causey......1855-1859. George Truett........1808-1811. David Hazzard.... 1830-1833. William Burton......1859-1863. Joseph Haslett.......1811-1814. Caleb P. Bennett.. 1833-1837. William Cannon......1863-1865. Daniel Rodney.......1814-1817. Cornelius P.Comegys.1837-1840. Gove Saulsbury....1865-. FLORIDA. TERRITORY. John Branch............1844-1845. Madison S. Perry.....1857-1861. William P. Duvall.... 1822-1834. STATE. John Milton..........1861-1865. John H. Eaton.......1834-1836. William D. Moseley. 1845-1849. Wm. Marvin*........1865-1866. Richard K. Call......1836-1839. Thomas Brown.......1849-1853. David S. Walker.....1866-1868. Robert R. Reid.......1839-1841. James E. Broome...1853-1857. Harrison Reed........1868..... Richard K. Call......1841-1844...................................... GEORGIA. George Walton.......1789-1790. Peter Early........... 1813-1815. George R. Gilmer....1837-1839. Edward Telfair.......1790-1793. David B. Mitchell.... 1815-1817. Charles J. McDonald.1839-1843. George Matthews.... 1793-1796. William Rabun.....1817-1819. George W. Crawford.1843-1847. Jared Irwin......... 1796-1798. Matthew Talbot,(act.) 1819-1819. George W. B. Towns. 1847-1851. James Jackson.......1798-1801. John Clarke..........1819-1823. Howell Cobb.........1851-1853. David Emanutel, (act.).1801-1801. George M. Troup....1823-1827. Herschel V. Johnson.1853-1857. Josiah Tatnall........1801-1802. John Forsyth........1827-1829. Joseph E. Brown.....1857-1865. John Milledge........1802-1806. George R. Gilmer.... 1829-1831. James Johnson*......1865-1865. Jared Irwin..........1806-1809. Wilson Lumpkin.... 1831-1835. Charles J. Jenkins...1865-1868. David B. Mitchell....1809-1813. William Schley....... 18351857. R. B. Bullock........1868..... ILLINOIS. TERRITORY. John Reynolds.......1830-1854. William H. Bissell...1857-1861. Ninian Edwards.....1809-1818. JosephDucan.......1848-1838. Richard Yates.......1861-1865. STATE. Thomas Carlin.......1838-1842. Richard J. Oglesby... 1865-1869. Shadrach Bond.......1818-1822. Thomas Ford........ 1841846. John M. Palmer......1869-.... Edward Coles.......1822-1826. Augustus C. French.. 1846-1853................................ Ninian Edwards.....1826-1830. Joel A. Matteson...18581857................................ INDIANA. TERRITORY. William Hendricks....18241825. Paris C. Dunning....1848-1849. William H. Harrison.1800-1811. James B. Ray........1825-1831. Joseph A. Wright...1849-1857. John Gibson, (act.)... 1811-1813. Noah Noble.........1831-1837. Ashbel P. Willard.. 1857-1861. Thomas Posey.......1813-1816. David Wallace....... 1837-1840. 0O. P. Morton.........1861-1867. STATE. Samuel Bigger.......1840-1843. Conrad Baker........1867Jonathan Jennings...1816-1822. James Whitcomb....1843-1848................................ IOWA. TERRITORY. STATE. Ralph P. Lowe..... 1858-1860. Robert Lucas.......,18381841. Ansel Briggs.........1846-1850. Samuel J. Kirkwood. 1860-1864. John Chambers......1841-1846. Stephen Hempstead.. 1850-1854. William M. Stone....1864-1868. James Clark.......1846-1846. Jamec W. Grimes.... 18541858. Samuel Merrill.......1868-..... RANSAS. TERRITORY. J. W. Denver........ 1858-1858. S. J. Crawford......1865-1869. A. H1. Reder.........1854-1855. Frederic P. Stanton.. 1858-1861. James M. Harvey.... 1869 Wilson Shannon.....1855-1856. STATE........................ John W. Geary......1856-1857. Charles Robinson.... 1861-1861........................... B. J. Walker.........1857-1858. Thomas Carney...... 1861-1865....................... KENTUCKY. Isaac Shelby..........179-1796.'Thomas Metcalfe.....18281832. Lazarus W. Powell...1851-1855. James Garrard.......1796-1804. John Breathitt.......18382-1834. Charles S. Morehead..1855-1859. Christopher Greenup.1804-1808. J. T. Morehead, (act.).18.41836. B. Magoffin..........18591861. Charles Scott.........1808-1812. James Clark..........1886-1837. J. F. Robinson.......1861-1863. Isaac Shelby........ 1812-1816. C. A. Wickliffe, (act.).18389-1840. T. E. Bramlette......186.-1867. George Madison.....18181816. Robert P. Letcher.... 1841844. J. L. Helm...........1867-1867. G. Slaughter, (acting).1816-1820. William Owsley...... 1844-1848. J. W. Stevenson,(act.)1867-1868. John Adair........1820-1824. John J. Crittenden... 18481850. J. W. Stevenson.......1868. Joseph Desha......18241828. John L. Helm, (act.)..1850-1851.1............................. 5 1869.] LIST OF GOVERNORS. ' 65 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. LOUisIANA. TERRrrORY OF ORLEANS. A. Bauvais, (act.).....18294-1830. R. C. Wickliffe....... 18564860. Wm. C. C. Claiborne.1804-1812. Jacques Dupre, (act.).1830-1830. Thomas O. Moore....1860-1862. STATE. Andre B. Roman.....1830-1834. G. F. Shepley........ 1862-1864. Wm. C. C. Claiborne.181-1816. Edward D. White....1834-1838. Michael Hahn...........1864-1865. James Villare........18161820. Andre B. Roman.....1838-1841. J. M. Wells..........18651867. Thos. B. Robertson..1820-1822. Alexander Mouton....1841-1845. Benj. F. Flanders....1867-1868. H.S.Thibodeaux,(act)1822-1824. Isaac Johnson........ 1845-1850. Joshua Baker........1868-1868. Henry Johnson..... 1824-1828. Joseph Walker.......1850-1854. H. C. Warmouth.....1868-.... Peter Derbigney......1828-1829. Paul O. Hebert.......1l51856. MAINE. William King........1820-1822. Edward Kent........1840-1841. Samuel Wells........1856-1857. Albion K. Parris.....1822-1827. John Fairfield........1841-1843. Hannibal Hamlin.... 1857-1857. Enoch Lincoln.......1827-1829. E. Kavanagh, (act.)...1848-1844. Joseph H. Williams.. 1857-1858. Jonathan G. Hunton.1829-1831. Hugh J. Anderson... 1841847. Lot M. Morrill.......1858-186)0. Samuel E. Smith.....1831-1834. John W. Dana.......1847-1850. IsraelWashburn, Jr.. 1860-1862. Robert P. Dunlap.... 18341838. John Hubbard........1850-1853. Abner Coburn........1862-1863. Edward Kent..... 183l1839. Wm. G. Crosby......1853-1855. Samuel Cony.........186,%1867. John Fairfield........18391840. Anson P. Morrill.....1855-1856. J. L. Chamberlain....1867-..... MARYLAND. John E. Howard.....17%8,1792. C. Ridgely...........1815-1818. Thomas W. Veasay,.18361838. George Plater........1792-i792. C. W. Goldsborough.1811819. William Grayson..... 188-1841. Thomas S. Lee.......1792-1794. Samuel Sprigg...;..1819-1822. Francis Thomas......1841-1844. John H. Stone.......1794-1797. Samuel Stevens......1822-1826. Thomas G. Pratt.....1844-1848. John Henry..........1797-1798. Joseph Kent.........1826-1829. Philip F. Thomas....1848-1851. Benjamin Ogle.......1798-1801. Daniel Martin........1829-1830. Enoch L. Lowe.......1851-1854. John F. Mercer......1801-1803. T. K. Carroll.........1830-1831. Thomas W. Ligon...1854-1858. Robert Bowie........1803-1805. Daniel Martin........1831-1831. Thomas H. Hicks....1858-1862. Robert Wright.......1805-1809. Geo. Howard, (act.).. 1831-1832. A. W. Bradford...... 1862-1866. Edward Lloyd........1809-1811. George Howard......1832-1833. Thomas Swann......1866-1868. Robert Bowie........1811-1812. James Thomas.......1833-1836. Oden Bowie..........1868..... Levin Winder........1812-1815. MASSACHUSETTS. John Hancock...... 1789-1794. John Brooks........ 1816-1823. Marcus Morton...... 184,1844. Samuel Adams......1794-1797. William Eustis.......1823-1825. George N. Briggs.....1844-1851. Increase Sumner.....1797-1799. Marcus Morton,(act.).1825-1825. George S. Boutwell... 1851-1853. Moses Gill, (act.).....1799-1800. Levi Lincoln......... 1825-1834. John H. Clifford.....18531854. Caleb Strong......1800-1807. John Davis................1834-1836. Emory Washburn... 1854-1855. James Sullivan.......1807-1808. S. T. Armstrong,(act.)1836-1836. Henry J. Gardner....1855-1858. Levi Lincoln, (act.).. 1808-1809. Edward Everett......1836-1840. Nathaniel P. Banks.. 1858-1861. Christopher Gore.....1809-1810. Marcus Morton.......1840-1841. John A. Andrew.....1861-1866. Elbridge Gerry.......1810-1812. John Davis............ 1841-1843. Alex. H. Bullock.....1866-1869. Caleb Strong.........18121816........................... William Claflin......1869-..... MICHIGAN. TERRITORY. Wm. Woodbridge....180-1841. A. Parsons, (act.)....is5185%85. William Hull.........1805-1814. J. W. Gordon, (act.)..1841-1842. Kinsley S. Bingham..1855-1859. Lewis Cass...........1814-1831. John S. Barry........1842-1846. Moses Wisner.......1859-1861. George B. Porter.....1831-1834. Alpheus Felch........1846-1847. Austin Blair..........1861-1865. S. T.-Mason, (acting).1834-1835. W. L. Greenley, (act.).1847-1848. Henry Ii. Crano....1865-1869. J. S. Horner, (acting).1835-1836. E. Ransom...........1848-1850. Henry P. Baldwin....1869-.... STATE. John S. Barry........1850-1852................................ Stevens T. Mason....18361840. Robert McClelland...1852-1853............................... MINNESOTA. TERRITORY. Samuel Medary....... 1857-1858. Alexander Ramsey...18601864. Alexander Ramsey.. 18491853. STATE Stephen Miller....... 1864-1866. Willis A. Gorman.... 185 31857. Henry H. Sibley....18581860. W. R. Marshall......18 MISSISSIPPI. TERRITORY. Gerard C. Brandon... 1827-1831. Jas. Whitfield........1851-1852. Winthrop Sargent....17981802. Abraham M. Scott.... 1831-1833. Henry S. Foote......1852-1854. W. C. C. Claiborne.1802-1805. Hiram G. Runnels....1833-1835. John J. McRae.......1854-1858. Robert Williams.....1805-1809. Charles Lynch........1835-1837. Wm. McWillie.......1858-1860. David Holmes........1809-1817. A. G. McNutt........1837-1841. John J. Pettus.......181862. STATE. T. M. Tucker.........1841-1843. Jacob Thomson......1862-1864. David Holmes........1817-1819. Albert G. Brown.....1843-1848. Charles Clarke.......18186l5. George Poindexter...1819-1821. Joseph W. Matthews.1848-1850. Wm. L. Sharkey*....1865-1866. Walter Leake........ 1821-1825. John A. Quitman....1850-1851. Benj. G. Humphreys.1866-..... David Holmes........1825-1827. John J. Guion, (act.)..1851-85........1. 66 1l69.] LIST OF GOVERNORS. MISSOURI. Alexander McNair... 18-1824. John C. Edwards.... 1844-1848. C. F. Jackson........ 1861-1861. Frederick Bates......1824-1826. Austin A. King......1848-1853.;H. R. Gamble........ 1861-1864. John Miller..........1826-1832. Sterling Price........1853-1857. Thomas C. Fletcher.. 1865-1869. Daniel Dunklin......1832-1836. Trusten Polk........1857-1857. Jos. W. McClurg.....1869-.... L. W. Boggs....... 1836-1840. H. Jackson, (acting)..1857-1857............................... Thomas Reynolds....1840-1844. R. M. Stewart........1857-1861................................ NEBRASKA. TERRITORY. Wm. A. Richardson.. 1858-1860. David Butler.........1866-1867. Francis Btrt.........1854-1854. Samuel W. Black.... 1860-1863. STATE. Mark W. Izard...... 1854-1858. Alvin Saunders......1863-1866. DavidButler......... 1867-1868. NEvADA. TERRITORY. STATE.. James W. Nye.......1861-1864. 1 H. G. Blasdel........1864-..................... [.......................... NEW HAMPSHIRE. Josiah Bartlett.......1792-1794. Benjamin Pierce....1827-1829. JaredW. Williams... 1847-1849. John T. Gilman......1794-1805. John Bell............1829-1830. Samuel Dinsmoor....184.1852. John Langdon.......1805-1809. Matthew Harvey.....1830-1831. Noah Martin.........1852-1854. Jeremiah Smith...... 1809-1810. J. M. Harper, (act.)... 1831-1831. N. B.Baker...........1854-1855. John Langdon.......1810-1812. Samuel Dinsmoor... 1831-1834. Ralph Metcalf......1855-1857. William Plumer......1812-1813. William Badger......1834-1836. William Haile........1857-1859. John T. Gilman......1813-1816. Isaac Hill............. 1836-1839. Ichabod Goodwin....1859-1861. William Plumer......1816-1819. John Page........... 1839-1842. N. S. Berry...........1861-1863. Samuel Bell..........1819-1823. Henry Hubbard......1842-1844. Joseph A. Gilmore...1863-1865. Levi Woodbury......1823-1824. John H. Steele.......1844-1846. Frederic Smyth......1865-1867. David L. Morrill......1821827. Anthony Colby.......1846-1847. Walter Harriman.....1867-.... NEW JERSEY. William Livingston.. 1789-1794. Peter D. Vroom......1829-1832. Daniel Haines........1848-1851. William Patterson... 1794-1794. Samuel L. Southard..1832-1833. George F. Fort.......1851-1854. Richard Howell......1794-1801. Elias P. Seeley.......18&,1833. Rodman M. Price... 1854-1857. Joseph Bloomfield.... 1801-1812. Peter D. Vroom......18.3-18S36. Wm. A. Newell......1857-1860. Aaron Ogden........ 1812-1813. Philemon Dickerson.1836-1837. Charles S. Olden.....1860-1863. Wm. S. Pennington..1813-1815. Wm. Pennington.....1837-1843. Joel Parker..........1863-1866. Mahlon Dickerson... 1815-1817. Daniel Haines........ 184.3-1S44. Marcus L. Ward......1866-1869. I. H. Williamson.....1817-1829. Charles C. Stratton... 1844-1848. Thos. F. Randolph...1869..... NEW YORK. George Clinton.......1789-1795. Nath'l Pitcher, (act.)..1827-1829.!IHamilton Fish........1849-1851. John Jay.........1795-1801. Martin Van Buren....1829-1829. Washington Hunt...1851-1853. George Clinton.......1801-1804. Enos T. Throop......1829-1833. Horatio Seymour.....1853-1855. Morgan Lewis........ 1801807. William L.Marcy....1833-1839. Myron H. Clark......1855-1857. Danlel D. Tompkins.. 1807-1816., William H. Seward..... 1839-1843. John A. King........1857-1859. John Tayler, (act.)... 1816-1817. William C. Bouck....1843-1845. Edwin D. Morgan....1859-1863. DeWitt Clinton......1817-1822. Silas Wright.........1845-1847. Horatio Seymour.....1863-1865. Joseph C. Yates......1822-1824. John Young.......... 1847-1849. Reuben E. Fenton.. 1865-1869. DeWitt Clinton....1824-1827........................... John T. Hoffman.....1869. NORTH CAROLINA. Alexander Martin....1789-1792. William Miller.........1814-1817. John M. Morehead... 1841-1845. Richard D. Spaight... 17921795. John Branch......... 1817-1820. William A. Graham...1845-1849. Samuel Ashe......... 1795-1798. Jesse Franklin.......1820-1821. Charles Mally........1849-1851. William R. Davie.... 1798-1799. Gabriel Holmes......1821-1824. David S. Reid........1851-1855. Benjamin Williams...1799-1802. Hutchins G. Burton.. 1824-1827. Thomas Bragg.....1..1&5-1859. James Turner........1802-1805. James Iredell........1827-1828. John W. Ellis.... 1859-1861. Nathaniel Alexander.1805-1807. John Owen...........1828-1830. Z. B. Vance..........1861-1865. BenjaminWilliams... 1807-1808. Montfort Stokes.....1830-1832. W. W. Holden*......1865-1865. David Stone..........1808-1810. David L. Swain......1832-1835. Jonathan Worth......1865-1868. Benjamin Smith......1810-1811. Richard D. Spaight... 1835-1837. W. W. Holden.....1868..... William Hawkins...1811-1814. Edward B. Dudley..1837-1841. OHIO. TERRITORY. Samuel Huntington.. 1808-1810. Allen Trimble, (act.).182-1822. Arthur St. Clair...... 1781803. Return J. Meigs......1810-1814. Jeremiah Morrow....1822-1826. STATE, O. Looker, (acting)...1814-1814. Allen Trimble........1826-1830. Edward Tiffin........18031807. Thos. Worthington...18141818. Duncan McArthur....183'1802. Thos.Kirker, (acting).1807-1808. Ethan A. Bro......1818-1822. Robert Lucas........ 1832-1836. 1869.] 67 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. OHIO.-(Continued.) Joseph Vance........1836-1838. William Bebb.........1846-1848. David Todd..........186-1864. Wilson Shannon..... 18381840. Seabury Ford........184821850. John Brough:......1864-1865. Thomas Corwin...... 18401842. Reuben Wood........1850-1853. Chas. Anderson; (act.) 1865-1866. Wilson Shannon.......18481844. William Medill.........1853-1856. Jacob D. Cox.....1866-1868. T. W. Bartley, (act.).. 1844-1844. Salmon P. Chase.....1856-1860. R. B. Hayes:: 8........188..... Mordecai Bartley.....1841846. William Dennison....1860-1862....... OREGON., TERRITORY. Joseph Lane.........1853-1853. STATE. James Shields........1848-1848. John W. Davis.......18531854. John Whittaker.......1859-1862. Joseph Lane..........1848-1850. George L. Curry......1854-1859. Addison C. Gibbs... 1862-1866. John P. Gaines.......1850-1853............................... George L. Woods.... 1866..... PENSYLVANIA. Thomas Miflin.......1790-1799. George Wolf.........1829-1835. William Bigler....... 182-1855. Thomas McKean.....1799-1808. Joseph Ritner........1835-1839. James Pollock.......1855-1858. Simon Snyder........1808-1817. David R. Porter......1889-1845. William F. Packe.. 1858-1861. William Findlay......1817-1820. Francis R. Shunk....1845-1848. Andrew G. Curtin.... 1861-1867. Joseph Heister.......1820-1823. William F. Johnston. 1848-1852. John W. Geary..'..'..1867...... John A. Shulze.......18231829............................................................. RHODE ISLAND.. Arthur Fenner........1790-1805. William Sprague.....1838-1839. Francis M. Dimond1.t853-s1854. Henry Smith, (act.)... 1805-1806. Samuel W King.....1839-1843. William W. Hoppi'u 18541857. Isaac Wilbur, (act.).. 1806-1807. James Fenner........1843-1845. Elisha-Dyer::.,.1857-1859. James Fenner........1807-1811. Charles Jackson......1845-1846. Thomas G. Tiudi,.' 1859-1860. William Jones........1811-1817. By ron Diman........1846-1847. William. Sige.:. 01863-1861. Nehemiah R. Knight.1817-1821. Elisha Harris.......... 1847-1849. J. R. Battt.).1861-1862. William C. Gibbs....1821-1824. H. B. Anthony.......1849-1851. W:C.:Cozzens', (act.)1862-1863. James Fenner.......1824-1831. Philip Allen.......... 1851-1852. James Y. Smith....1863-1866. Lemuel H. Arnold....1831-1833. W. B. Lawrence,(act.) 1852-1852. Ambrose E. Burnside.1866..... John B. Francis...... 1833-1838. Philip Allen.......... 1852-1853.............................. SOUTH CAROLriNA. Charles Pinckney....1789-1792. John Geddes......... 1818-1820. A. Vanderhorst.......1792-1794. Thomas Bennet...... 1820-1822. William Moultrie.... 1794-1796. John L. Wilson......1822-1824. Charles Pinckney....1796-1798. R. I. Manning........1824-1826. Edward Rutledge.....1798-1800. John Taylor..........1826-1828. John Drayton, (act.)..1800-1802. S. D. Miller............ 1828-1830. J. B. Richardson.....1802-1804. James Hamilton......1830-1832. Paul Hamilton........1804-1806. Robert Y. Hayne.....1832-1834. Charles Pinckney.... 1806-1808. George McDuiffie.....18.8-1836. John Drayton........1808-1810. Pierce M. Butler......1836-1838. Henry Middleton.....1810-1812. Patrick Noble........1838-1840. Joseph Alston.......1812-1814. B.K. Hennegan,(act.).1840-1840. David R. Williams...1814-1816. J. P. Richardson.....1840-1842. Andrew Pickens......1816-1818.!J. H. Hammond......1842-1844. TENNESSEE. John Sevier..........1796-1801. William Carroll......1829-1835. William Trousdale.....849-1851. Archibald Roane.....1801-1803. Newton Cannon......1835-1839. William B. Campbell 11-1853. John Sevier...........1803-1809. James K. Polk.......1839-1841. Andrew Johnson..... 853-1857. William Blount.......1809-1815. James C. Jones.......1841-1845. Isham G. Harris.....857 -1862. Joseph McMin......1815-1821. Aaron V. Brown......1845-1847. Andrew Johnson...,B1865. William Carroll......1821-1827. Neil S. Brown........1847-1849. W. G. Brownlow 15-.... Samuel Houston......1827-1829......................................... ,.!:,::-! i,... TEXAS.. J. P. Henderson......1846-1847. H. G. Runnels........1857-1859. Pendleton Murra/........6-1865. George T. Wood.....1847-1849. Sam. Houston........1859-1861. A. J. Hamilton*....;:1,5-1866. P. H. Bell............1849-1853. Edward Clark, (act.)..1861-1861. J. W. Throclkmorton.1866-1867. Edward M. Pease....1853-1857. F. R. Lubbock.......1861-1863. E. M. Pease........1867 68 [1869. William Aiken......... 184- 1846. David Johnson.. i. 846-1848. W. B. Seabrook.......184-1850. lohn.H. Means..:...'185-1&52. lohn L. Manning.,.....1852-1854. lames H. Adam....!.'.81856. R. F. W. Alston...'.... 1856-1858. William H. Gist...:.1858-1860. '. W. Pickens...... i.i860-1862. I. L. Bonham.....,..1 862-1864. ~. G. Mugrath.........1864-1865. S. F. Perry........./.;865-1865. lames L. 0rr..........86,51868. Robert K. Scott......:...- 8B. VERRONT. Mloses Robinson......1789-1790. Ezra Butler...........1826-1828.!Erastus Fairbanks... 1852-1853. Thomas Chittenden..1790-1797. S.C. Crafts...........182S-1831. J. S. Robinson....... 1853-1854. Isaac Tichenor.......1797-1807. William A. Palmer... 1831-1835. Stephell Royce...... 1854-1856. Israel Smith..........1807-1808. Silas A. Jenison..... 1835-1841. Ryfand Fletcher.....156-1&58. Isaac Tichenor.......1808-1809. Charles Paine........1841-1843. Hiland Hall...........1858-1860. Jonas Galusha.......1809-1813. John Mattocks.......1843-1844. Erastus Fairbanks... 18601861. Martin Chittenden....1813-1815. William Slade........1844-1846. Frederick Holbrook.. 1861-:1863. Jonas Galusha.......1815-1820. Horace Eaton........1846-1849. John G. Smith........ 1863-1865. Richard Skinner......1820-1823. Carlos Coolidge.......1849-1850. Paul Dillingham......1865- 1867. C. P. Van Ness.......1823-1826. Charles K. Williams..1850-1852. John B. Page......... 1867-..: VIRGINIA. Beverly Randolph....1788-1791. Wilson C. Nicholas...1814-1816. Thomas W. Gilmer...1840-1841,. Henry Lee...........1791-1794. James P. Preston.... 1816-1819. John Rutherford.....1841-1842. Robert Brooke.......1794-1796. Thomas M. Randolph.1819-1822. John M. Gregory.....1842-1843. James.,Wood.........1796-1799. James Pleasant......1822-1825. James McDowell.....1843-1846,. James Monroe.........1799-1802. John Tyler...........1825-1827. William Smith........1846-1849. John Page...........1802-1805. William B. Giles.....1827-1830. John B. Floyd........ 1849-1852; William H. Cabell....1805-1808. John Floyd...........1830-1834. Joseph Johnson......1852-1856. John Tyler...........1808-1811. L. W. Tazewell.......1834-1836. Henry A. Wise....... 1856-1860. James Monroe.......1811-1811. W. Robertson, (act.).18,3-1837. John Letcher...... 1861864. George W. Smith.... 1811-1812. David Campbell......1837-1840. Francis H. Pierpont.. 1864-1868. James Barbour.....1812-1814............................... Henry H. Wells......18..... WEST VIRGINIA. Arthur I. Boreman...18631869.lWilliam E. Steyenson.1869-.... WIscONsIN. TERRITORY. STATE. Alex. W. Randall....1857-1861. Henry Dodge......... 1836-1841. Nelson Dewey........18481851. Edward Salomon.....1861-1863. James D. IDoty...... 1841-1844. L. J. Farwell.........1851-1853. James T. Lewis......1863-1866. N. P. Tallmadge......1844-1845. William A. Barstow..1853-1855. Lucius Fairchild......1866-.... Henry Dodge........ 184.5-1848. Coles Bashford.......1855-1857................................ TERRITORIES. ARIZONA. John A. Gurley...... 1862-1863. M. M.Crocker. (Mil.).1864-1866. John N. Goodwin....1863-1864. JR. C. McCormick...1866-1868............................... COLORADO. John Evans..........1861-1865. 1 Alexander Cummings 1865-1867. 1 A. C. Hunt.......7... 1867 DAKOTA. William Jayne.......1861-1863. Newton Edmnnds....1863-1866. IA. J. Faulk..........186(5..... IDAHO. William H. Wallace.. l63186384. 1David W. Ballard.... 1866-1867. Isaac L. Gibbs....... 1867-1868. Caleb Lyon..........1864-1866........................ David W. Ballard....... MONTANA. Sidney Edgerton.....1864-1865. IF. Meagher, (act.).... 1865-1866. Green Clay Smith..... i866.. NEW M1EXICO.'. James S. Calhoun....1851-1852. David Merriwether.. 1853-1857. Robert B. Mitchell....1865-1867. William C. Lane.....1852-1853. Abraham Rencher...1857-1861. W.M.T. Arny, (act):1867-. Solan Borland........18511853. Henry Connelly......1861-1865...................:....... UITAH. Brigham Young......1850-1854. 1Alfred Cummings....1857-1861. James D. Doty....... 1864-1865. E.J. Steptoe......18.l1857. S. S. Harding......... 1861-1864. Charles Durkee......1865-..... WARGTON. Isaac I. Stevens......185,1857. R. D. Gholson........1861-1861. William Pickering... 1861-1867. J. P. Anderson.......1857-1857. W. H. Wallace.......1861-1861. M. F. Moore......1867-..... lPayette McMnllen.... 1857-1861..................-.......................................... 18s6.] LIST OF GOVERNORS. 69 THiE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK A\D REGISTER. CONGRESS. The first section of the Constitution provides that all legislative powers therein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Congress must meet at least once in every year, on the first Monday in December, and also at the commencement of each Congress on the 4th of March. The Senate of the United States is composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years. At their first meeting under the Constitution, the Senators were divided into three classes, so that the terms of one-third of the Senators might expire every second year. By this means one-third of the Senate is renewed biennially. No person can be a Senator who is under thirty years of age, nor unless he has been nine years a citizen of the United States, and; when elected, is an inhabitant of the State for which he is chosen. By an act of Congress, approved July 25th, 1866, it is provided that the Legislatures of the several States shall elect Senators of the United States in the following manner: Each House shall by a viva voce vote of each member present, name a person for Senator on the second Tuesday after the meeting and organization thereof. On the day following, the Houses shall meet in joint assembly, and if the same person shall have received a majority of all the votes cast in each House, he shall be declared duly elected Senator of the United States; but if not, then the joint assembly shall proceed to choose, by a viva voce vote, a person for the purpose aforesaid, and the per son who shall receive a majority of all the votes of the joint assembly, a majority of the members of each House being present, shall be declared duly elected. If such Senator is not elected on the first day, the joint assembly shall meet and take at least one vote per day until an election is secured. When a vacancy shall happen during the session of a Legislature, the same proceedings shall be held on the second Tuesday after notice of such vacancy shall have been received. Besides its ordinary capacity, the Senate is invested with certain judicial functions, and its members constitute a High Court of Impeachment. The judgment only extends to removal from office and disqualification. The House of Representatives is composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States. No person can be a Representative who is under twenty-five years of age, nor unless he has been seven years a citizen of the United States, and, when elected, is an inhabitant of the State for which he is chosen. Representatives are apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, which numbers are ascertained by an actual enumeration or census of all the inhabitants, made within every term of ten years. By the law of 23d of May, 1850, under which the existing apportionment of Representatives was originally made, it was en acted that the number of Representatives in Congress should be 233, that the representative population determined by the census of that year and thereafter should be divided by said number 233, and that the quotient so found should be the ratio of representation for the several States. 70 [1869. CONGRESS. The ratio thus ascertained under the census of 1860 was 126,823; and upon this basis the 233 Representatives were apportioned among the several States, one Representative for every district containing that number of persons; giving to each State at least one Representative. Subsequently, by the act of March 4th, 1862, the ratio was changed, and the number of Representatives from and after March 3d, 1863, was increased from 233 to 241, by allowing one additional Representative to each of the following States, viz: Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; and this number has been increased by the admission of Nevada and Nebraska with one representative each, to 243. In addition to the Representatives from the States, the House admits a delegate from each organized Territory, who has the right to debate on subjects in which his Territory is interested, but is not entitled to vote. The members of each House receive a salary of $5,000 per annum, and mileage at the rate of 20 cents per mile. For each day's absence, except when caused by sickness, $8 per diem is deducted from the salary. The President of the Senate pro tem. receives the same compensation as the Vice President. The Speaker of the House of Representatives receives double the salary of a member. APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES. By Act of March 4, 1862, under the Census of 1860 and by additional Act of March 3, 1863. Maine...................... 5 Maryland................. 5 Massachusetts........... 10 Michigan................. 6 Minnesota................ 2 Mississippi............... 5 Missouri..........:...... 9 Nebraska................. 1 Nevada................... 1 New Hampshire.......... 3 New Jersey................. 5 New York................31 North Carolina............ 7 FORTIETH CONGRESS-2D SESSIQN. The Fortieth Congress commenced its first regular session March 4th, 1867; adjourned March 29th to July 3d, and again July 20th to November 21st. Itg-second regular session began Decem. ber 2d, 1867; was adjourned July 27th to September 21st, and then to October 16th, and again to November 10th, and then sne die. The third regular session began December 7th, 1868. SENATORS. President of the Senate pro tern...............BENJAMrN F. WADxE. Secretary of the Senate.......................G. C. GORHAM. ALABAMA. CONNECTICUT. Willard Warner..........................1871. James Dixon..........Hartford........1869. Geo. E. Spencer..........................1873. Orris S. Ferry.........Norwalk.....,....;1873. ARKANSAs. DELAWARE. Alexander Macdonald....................1871. James A. Bayard......Wilmigton........1869. Benjamin F. Rice............ 1873. Willard Saulsbury..... Georgetown.....1871. CALIFORNIA. FLORIDA. John Conness..........Sacramento City..1869. A. S. Welch..............1869. Cornelius Cole.........Santa Cruz........1873. T. W. Osborne.....................1873. 1869.] 7,,l Alabama.................. Arkansas................. Connecticut.............. Delaware................. Florida................... Georgia.................... ]Illinois.................... Indiana................... Iowa...................... Kansas.................... entucky.................. Louisiana.................. 6 3 3 4 1 1 Ohio................ I.... 19 Oregon.................... Pennsylvania............. 24 Rod'e"lsl-and............. 2 S'Outh Carolina............ 4 Te'n:'p'essee...... 8 4 Virginia.................. 8 Vermont.................. 8 West Virginia............ 3 Wisconsin I................ 6 7 14 11 6 1 9 5 Total............. 243 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Aaron H. Cragin.......Lebanon.......... 1871. James W. Patterson... Hanover........... 1873. NEW JERSEY. F. T. Frelinghuysen...Nevark............1869. Alex. G. Cattell........Camden........... 1871. NEW YORK. Edwin D. Morgan......New York......... 1869. Roscoe Conkling....... Utica............. 1873. NORTH CAROLINA. Gen. J. C. Abbott......New Hanover.......1871. John Pool............. PasqUatauk........1873. GEORGIA. H. V. Miller............ Atlanta...........1871. Joshua Hill.v.......... Savannah........ 1873. ILLINOIS. Richard Yates.........Jacksonville......1871. Lyman Trumbull.......Chicago.............1873. INDIANA. Thomas A. Hendricks.Indianapolis......1869. Oliver P. Morton....... Indianapolis......1873. IOWA. James W. Grimes......Burlington........1871. James Harlan..........Mt. Pleasant......1873. KANSAS. Edmund G. Ross.......Lawrence......... L rnc1871. Samuel C. Pomeroy.... Atchison........... 1873. KENTUCKY. Thomas C. Me Creery.. Louisville.........1871. Garret Davis.......... Paris............. 1873. OHIO. Benjamin F. Wade....Jefferson........ 1869. John Sherman......... Mansfield......... 1873. OREGON. George H. Williams... Portland........ 1871. Henry W. Corbett..... Portland..........1873. PENNSYLVANIA. Charles R. Bu-ckalew...Bloomslburg........1869. Simon Cameron....... Harrisburg........ 1873. RHODE ISLAND. William Sprague....... Providence........ 1869. Henry B. Anthony.....Providence........1871. SOUTH CAROLINA. Thomas J. Robinson..................... 1871. F. A. Sawyer...........Charleston........ 1873. TENNESSEE. David T. Patterson.... Greenville......... 1869. Joseph S. Fowler......Nashville.......... 1871. TEXAS.* John S. Harris.........................1871. W. P. Kellogg...........New Orleans...1873. MAINE. Lot M. Morrill.........Augusta.......... lS69. Wm. Pitt Fessenden...Portland.......... 1871. MARYLAND. Wm. Pinckney Whyte.. Baltimore........18879. George Vickers...................18.........73. MASSACHUSETTS. Charles Sumner........Boston......... 1869. Henry Wilson......... Natick............ 1871. MICHIGAN. Zachariah Chandler... Detroit............1869. Jacob M. Howard......Detroit............1871. MINNESOTA.' Alexander Ramsey.....St. Paul...........1869. Daniel S. Norton......Winona...........1871. MIssissIPPrri.* VERMONT. George T. Edmnnds... Burlington........ 1869. Justin S. Morrill.......Strafoibrd.......... 1873. WEST VIRGINIA. Peter G. Van Winkle.. Parkersburg....... 1869. Waitman T. Willey....Morgalntown...... IS71. WIscoNsIN. James R. Doolittle.... Racine............. 1869. Timothy O. Howe..... Green Bay......... 1873. MISSOURI. John B. Henderson... Louisiana.........1869. Charles D. Drake......St. Louis........... 1873. NEBRA SEKA. Thomas W. Tipton.....Omaha City........1869. John M. Thayer........Brownsville......1871. NEVADA. William M. Stewart.... Virginia City.... 1869. James W. Nye......... Carson City......1873. STANDING COMMITTEES OF TI:IE SENATE. f Foreign Relations. Messrs. Sumner (chairman), Fessenden, Cameron, Harlan, Morton, Patterson, (N. H.), and Finance. Messrs. Sherman (chairman), Morgan, Williams, Van Winkle, Cattell, Henderson, and Morrill, (Vt.) Apriations. Messrs. Morrill, (Me.), (chairman,) Grimes, Howe, Wilson, Cole, Conkling, and Guthrie. Covmmerce. Messrs. Chandler (chairman), Morrill, (Me.), Morgan, Sprague, Corbett, Patterson, (Tenn.), and Doolittle. * Not represented in the Senate. t For Committees of 3d Session, see page 261. 72 [1869. LOUISIANA. VIRGIN-IA.* 1869.] COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE. 73 Manufactures. Messrs. Sprague (chairman), Pomeroy, Yates, Cole, and Dixon. Agr ture. Messrs. Cameron (chairman), Cattell, Morton, Tipton, and Guthirie. Military Affairsand the Militia. Messrs. Wilson (chairman), Howard, Sprague, Cameron, Morton, Thayer, and Doolittle. Naval Affairs. Messrs. Grimes (chairman), Anthony, Cragin, Nye, Frelinghuysen, Drake, and Hendricks. Judiciary. Messrs. Trumbull (chairman), Stewart, Frelinghuysen, Edmunds, Conkling, -, and Hendricks. Post Offlces and Post Roads. Messrs. Ramsey (chairman), Conness, Pomeroy, Van Winkle, Harlan, Morrill, (Vt.), and Dixon. Public Lands. Messrs. Pomeroy (chairman), Stewart, Edmunds, Cattell, Williams, Tipton, and Hendricks. Private Land Claims. Messrs. Williams (chairman), Howard, Ferry, Norton, and Bayard. Indian Affairs. Messrs. Henderson (chairman), Morrill, (Me.), Ross, Corbett, Thayer, Buck alew, and Doolittle. Pensions. Messrs. Van Winkle (chairman), Edmunds, Trumbull, Fowler, Tipton, Davis, and Bayard. Revolutionary Claims. Messrs. Nye (chairman), Chandler, Howe, Patterson, (Tenn.), and Conness. Claims. Messrs. Howe (chairman), Willey, Frelinghuysen, Howard, Morrill, (Vt.), Cole, and Davis. District of Columrnbia. Messrs. Harlan (chairman), Sumner, Henderson, Willey, Patterson, (N. H.), Corbett, and Patterson, (Tenn.) Patents and the Patent Office. Messrs. Willey (chairman), Sherman, Thayer, Ferry, and Norton. Public Buildings and Grounds. Messrs. Fessenden (chairman), Trumbull, Grimes, Ferry, and Territories. Messrs. Yates (chairman), Nye, Cragin, Fowler, Ramsey, Ferry, and Davis. Pacifc Railroad. Messrs. Howard (chairman), Sherman, Morgan, Conness, Ramsey, Stewart, Wilson, Harlan, and Drake. Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate. Messrs. Cragin (chairman), Drake, and Buckalew. Engrossed Bis. Messrs. Fowler (chairman), Sumner, and Norton. Mines and Mining. Messrs. Conness (chairman), Stewart, Chandler, Anthony, Yates, Conkling, and Saulsbury. SELECT COMIITTEE OF THE SENATE. Comnmittee on Revising the Rules of the Senate. Messrs. Anthony (chairman), Pomeroy, and Edmunds. JOINT STANDING COIMMITTEES ON THE PART OF THE SENATE. Printing. Messrs. Anthony (chairman), Ross, and - Enrolled Bills. Messrs. Ross (chairman), Patterson, (N. H.), and Dixon. The Library. Messrs. Morgan (chairman), Howe, and Fessenden. JOINT SELECT COMMITTEES ON TIHE PART OF THIE SENATE. Retrenchment. Messrs. Edmunds (chairman), Williams, Patterson, (N. H.), and Buckalew. Revise and Fix the Pay of the Officers of the Two Houses. Messrs. Fessenden (chairman), Sherman, and Buckalew. Examine the Accounts for Furnishing tlhe Executive Mansion. Messrs. Harlan (chairman), and Norton. Ordnance. Messrs. Howard (chairman), Cameron, and Drake. OFFICERS OF TIE SENATE. Ciaplain.................................................. Rev. Edgar H. Gray, D. D. Messengers................................................Charles N. Richards, George S. Wagner. Sergeant-at-Arms.........................................George T. Brown. Postmaster...............................................J. M. Edmunds. Superintendent of Document Room........................Moses Titcomb. Superintendent of Folding Room......................... L. D. Merchant. THE AMERICAIS Y-AR-BOOK AND REGISTER. H:OUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Speaker of the House....................................SCHUYLER COLFAX. Clerk of thte House.......................................EDWARD MCPIERSON. 4. William Loughridge....Oskaloosa. 5. Grenville M.Dodge.... Council Bluffs. 6. Asahel W. Hubbard.... Sioux City. ALABAMA. 1. Francis W. Kellogg..... Mobile. 2. Charles W. Buckley....Haynesville. 3. Benjamin W. Norris.....Montgomery. 4. Charles W. Pierce....Demopolis. 5. John B. Callis...........H. untsville. 6. Thomas Haughey......Decatur. KANSAS. 1. Sidney Clark........... Lawrence. KENTUCKY. 1. Lawrence S. Trimble...Paducah. 2. 3. John S. Golladay....... Allensville. 4. J. Proctor Knott........ Lebanon. 5. Asa P. Grover.......... Louisville. 6. Thomas L. Jones.......Newport. 7. James B. Beck.......... Le.xington. 8. George M. Adams...... Barbourville. 9. Samuel McKee........... LOUISIANA. 1. J. H. Sypher............ New Orleans. . John Lynch...........Portland. 2. Sidne eriham.......... Paris.ar 3. James G. Blaine........Augusta. 4. John A. Peters......... Bangor. S. Frederick A. Pike...... Cala.. MARYLAND. 1. Hiram McCullough..... Elkton. 2. Stevenson Archer....... Belair. 3. Charles E. Phelps...... Baltimore. 4. Francis Thomas........ Frankville. 5. Frederick Stonie........ Port Tobacco. ARKANSAS. 1. Logan H. Roots........ 2............. 3. Thomas Boles.......... CALIFORNIA. 1. Samuel B. Axtell........San Francisco. 2. William Higby.........Calaveras. 3. James A. Johnson......o Downi eville. CONNECTICUT. 1. Richard D. Hubbard....Hartford. 2. Julius Hotchkiss........Middletown. 3. Henry H. Starkweather. Norwich. 4. Wm. H. Barnum.Mc ld....... Lakeville. DELAWARE. 1. John A. Nicholson......Dover. FLORIDA. 1. Charles M. Hamilton... GEORGIA. 1. J. W. Clift..............Savannah. 2. Nelson Tift............. 3. W. P. Edwards, 4. Samuel F. Gove........Griswoldsville. 5. Charles H. Prince.... Augusta. 6. John H. Christy........ . P. M. B. Young......... MASSACHUSETTS. 1. Thomas D. Eliot........New Bedford. 2. Oakes Ames............. North Easton. 3. Gincry Twichell........ Brookline. 4. Samuel Hooper.......... Boston. 5. Benjamin F. Butler.....Gloucester. 6. Nathaniel P. Banks..... Waltham. 7. George S. Boutwell..... Groton. 8. John D. Baldwin........ Worcester. 9. William B. Washburn.. Greenfield. 10. Henry L. Dawes........ Pittsfleld. MICHIGAN. 1. Fernando C. Beaman... Adrian. 2. Charles Upsoni.......... Coldwater. 3. Austin Blair............ Jackson. 4. Thomas W. Ferry....... Grand Haven. 5. Rowland E. Trowbridge.Birmingham. 6. John F. Driggs......... East Saginaw. MINNESOTA. 1. William Windom....... Winona. 2. Ignatius Donnelly...... Hastings. m[ISSISSIPPI.* - ILLINOIS. 1. Norman B. Judd........ Chicago. 2. John F. Farnsworth.... St. Charles. 3. Elihu B. Washburne.... Galena. 4. Abner C. Harding......Monmouth. 5. Ebon C. Ingersoll......Peoria. 6. Burton C. Cook.........Ottawa. 7. Henry P. H. Bromwell.. Charleston. 8. Shelby M. Cullom...... Springfield. 9. Lewis W. Ross........ Lewiston. 10. Albert G. Burr........... Winchester. 11. Samuel S. Marshall.....McLeansboro. 12. Jehu Baker.............Belleville. 13. Green B. Raum.........Harrisburg. 14. John A. Logan..........Carbondale. INDIANA. 1. William E. Niblack.....Vincennes. 2. Michael C. Kerr........New Albany. 3. Morton C. Hunter.....Bloomington. 4. William S. Holman.....Aurora. 5. George W. Julian...... Centreville. 6. John Coburn............Indianapolis. 7. Henry D. Washburn.... Clinton. 8. Godlove S. Orth........Lafayette. 9. Schuyler Colfax........South Bend. 10. William Williams......Warsaw. 11. John P. C. Shanks......Jay Court House. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. MISSOURI. 1. William A. Pile........ St. Louis. 2. Carman A. Newcomb... Tunanel. IOWA. 1. James F. Wilson.......Fairfield. 2. Hiram Price............Davenport. 3. William B. Allison......Dubuque. * Not represented in the 111869. 74 ouse of Representatives. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 3. James R. McCormick... 4. Joseph J. Gravely.......Stockton. 5. John H. Stover..........Linn Creek. 6. Robert T. Van Horn.... Kansas City. 7. Benjamin F. Loan......St. Joseph. 8. John F. Benjamin...... Shelbyville. 9. George W. Anderson... Louisiana. NEBRASKA. 1. John Taffe.............. Omaha. NEVADA. 1. Delos R. Ashley........ Virginia City. NEW HA3.IPSHIRE. 1. Jacob H. Ela............Rochester. 2. Aaron F. Stevens...........PiNashua. 3. Jacob Benton...........Lancaster. NEW JERSEY. 1. William Moore......... M. ay's Landing. 2. Charles Haight.........Freehold. 3. Charles Sitg,reaves......Philipsburg. 4. John Hill............... BoontoiL. 5. George A. Halsey......Newark. NEW YoRI. 1. Stephen Taber.........Roslyn. 2. Demas Barnes..........Brooklyn. 3. William E. Robinson... Brooklyn. 4. John Fox............... New York. 5. John Morrisey..........New York. 6. Thomas E. Stewart.....New York. 7. John W. Chanler.......New York. 8. James Brooks..........New York. 9. Fernando Wood........New York. 10. William H. Robertson.. Bedford. 11. Charles H. Van Wyck.. Middletown. 12. John H. Ketchum......Dover. 13. Thomas Cornell........ Rondout. 14. John V. L. Pruyn......Albany. 15. John A. Griswold......Troy. 16. Orange Ferriss......... Glenn's Falls. 17. Calvin T. Hulburd......Brasher Falls. 18. James M. Marvin.......Saratoga Springs. 19. William C. Fields......Laurens. 20. Addison H. Laflin......Herkimer. 21. Alexander H. Bailey.... Rome. 22. John C. Churchill....... Oswego. 23. Dennis McCarthy.......Syracuse. 24. Theodore M. Pomeroy..Auburn. 25. William H. Kelsey......Geneseo. 26. William S. Lincoln.....Binghamton. 27. Hamilton Ward........Belmont. 28. Lewis Selye............Rochester. 29. Burt Van Horn.........Lockport. 30. James M. Humphrey...Buffalo. 31. Henry Van Aernam.... Franklinville. NORTH CAROLINA. 1. John R. French........Chowan. 2. David Heaton..........Craven. 3. Oliver H. Dockery......Richmond. 4. John T. Deweese......Raleigh. 5. Israel G. Lash..........Forsyth. 6. Nathaniel Boyden...... Salisbury. 7. Alex. H. Jones.........Buncombe. OHIO. 1. Benjamin Eggleston....Cincinnati. 2. Samuel F. Cary......... Cincinnati. 3. Robert C. Schenck......Dayton. 4. William Lawrence...... Bellefontaine. 5. William Mungen........Findlay. 6. Reader W. Clark........Batavia. 7. Samuel Shellabarger.... Springfield. 8. John Beatty............ 9. Ralph P. Buckland..... Fremont. 10. James M. Ashley....... Toledo. 11. John T. Wilson........ Tranquility. 12. Philadelph Van Trump. Lancaster. 13. Columbus Delano...... Mount Vernon. 14. Martin Welker.......... Wooster. 15. Tobias A. Plants....... Pomeroy. 16. John A. Bingham...... Cadiz. 17. Ephraim R. Eckley.....Carrollton. 18. Rufus P. Spalding...... Cleveland. 19. James A. Garfield.......Hiram. OREGON. 1. Rufus Mallory........... Salem. PENNSYLVANIA. 1. Samuel J. Randall...... Philadelphia. 2. Charles O'Neil.......... Philadelphia. 3. Leonard Myers..........Philadelphia. 4. William D. Kelley......Philadelphia. 5. Caleb N. Taylor......... Bristol. 6. Benjamin M. Boyer..... Norristown. 7. John M. Broomall...... Media. 8. J. Lawrence Getz...... Reading. 9. O. J. Dickey....................... 10. Henry L. Cake.......... Tamaqua. 11. Daniel M. Van Auken.. Milford. 12. George W. Woodwar d..Wilkesbarrea 13. Ulysses Mercur......... Towanda. 14. George F. Miller........Lewisburg. 15. Adam J. Glossbrenner..York. 16. William H. Koontz..... Somerset. 17. Daniel J. Morrell.......Johnstown. 18. Stephen F. Wilson....... Wellsboro. 19. Glenni W. Scofield......Warren. 20. S. Newton Pettis....... Meadville. 21. John Covode............. Lockport. 22. James K. Moorhead....Pittsburgh. 23. Thomas Williams....... Pittsburgh. 24. Georg,e V. Lawrence.... Moniongahela City. RHODIC ISLAND. 1. Thomas A. Jenckes....Providence. 2. Nathan F. Dixon....... Westerly. SOUTH CAROLINA. 1. Benj. F. Whittemore...Darlington. 2. C. C. Bowen............ Charleston. 3. Simeon Corley.......... Lexington. 4. James H. Goss......... Unionville. TENNESSEE. 1. Roderick R. Butler..... Taylorville. 2. Horace Maynard........ Knoxville. 3. William B. Stokes...... Liberty. 4. James Mullins.......... Shelbyville. 5. John Trimble.......... Nashville. 6. Samuel M. Arnell...... Columlia. 7. Isaac R. Hawkins......H untingdon. 8. David A. Nunn.........Brown;ville. TExAs.* * Not represented in the House of Representatives. 75 1,%9.] 1. 2. 3. 4. VIRGINIA.* 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 76 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. VERMONT. WISCONSIN. 1. Fred. E. Woodbridge...Vergennes. 1. Halbert E. Paine........Milwaukie. 2. Luke P. Poland......... St. Johnsbury. 2. Benjamin F. Hopkins.. Madison. 3. Worthington C. Smith.. St. Albans. 3. Amasa Cobb............Mineral Point. 4. Charles A. Eldridge... Fond du Lac. WEST VIRGINIA........5. Philetus Sawyer........Oshkosh. 1. Chester D. Hubbard... Wheeling. 6. C. C. Washburn...........La Crosse. 2. Bethuel M. Kitchen.... Martinsburg. 3. Daniel Polsley..........Point Pleasant. DELEGATES FROM TERRITORIES. ARIZONA. MONTANA. Coles Bashford............ Tucson. James M. Cavanaugh.....Helena. COLORADO. NEW MEXICO. George M. Chilcott.........Excelsior. Charles P. Clever........ DAKOTA. UTAH. Walter A. Burleigh.........Yancton. William H. Hooper......Salt Lake City. IDAHO. WASHINGTON. E. D. Holbrook.......... Boise City. Alvan Flanders...........Walla Walla. STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE. * Elections. Messrs. Dawes (chairman), Scofield, Upson, Shellabarger, McClurg, Cook, Poland, Chanler, and Kerr. Ways and M,eans. Messrs. Schenck (chairman), Hooper, Moorhead, Allison, Griswold, Logan, Maynard, Brooks, and Niblack. Appropriations. Messrs. Washburne, (Ill.), (chairman), Spalding, Blaine, Beaman, Butler, (Mass.), Kelsey, Phelps, and Nicholson. Baukiag and Cusrency. Messrs. Pomeroy (chairman), Hooper, Buckland, Lynch, Hubbard, (W. Va.), Judd, Coburn, Randall, and Barnes. Paciftc Railroad. Messrs. Price (chairman), Higby, Donnelly, Clarke, (Kan.), Mallory, Ames, Covode, Pruyn, and Van Trump. Claims. Messrs. Bingham (chairman), Washburn, (Mass.), Ward, Holman, Harding, Cobb, Mercur, Stokes, and Hubbard, (Conn.) Commerce. Messrs. Washburne (Ill.), (chairman), Eliot, Dixon, O'Neill, Eggleston, Humphrey, Sawyer, Robertson, and Axtell. Public Lands. Messrs. Julian (chairman), Driggs, Glossbrenner, Donnelly, Eckley, Anderson, Ashley, (Nevada,) Hopkins, and Taber. Post-Offices and Post Roads. Messrs. Farnsworth (chairman), Ferry, Lawrence, (Penn.), Clarke, (Ohio,) Lincoln, Lynch, Hill, Fox, and Johnson. District of Columbia. Messrs. Ingersoll (chairman), Welker, Baldwin, McCullough, Koontz, Wood, Williams, (Ind.), Halsey, and Van Horn, (N.Y.) Judiciary. Messrs. Wilson (Iowa,) (chairman), Boutwell, Thomas, Williams, (Penn.), Woodbridge, Lawrence, (Ohio,) Churchill, Marshall, and Eldridge. Revolutionary Claims. Messrs. Ward (chairman), Stevens, (N. H.), Nunn, Trowbridge, Lawrence, (Ohio,) Polsley, Robertson, Eldridge, and Van Auken. Public Expenditures. Messrs. Hulburd (chairman), Broomall, Hubbard, (Iowa,) Plants, Bromwell, Coburn, Peters, Taber, and Getz. Private Land Claims. Messrs. Orth (chairman), Loughridge, Woodbridge, Woodward, Trimble, (Tenn.), Bailey, Benton, and Stone. Manufactures. Messrs. Morrell (chairman), Ames, Sawyer, Smith, Selye, Moore, Laflin, Barnum, and Van Trump. Agriclture. Messrs. Trowbridge (chairman), Lawrence, (Penn.), Ross, Newcomb, Fields, Wilson, (Ohio,) Loughridge, Kitchen, and Johnson. Indian Affairs. Messrs. Windom (chairman), Hubbard, (Iowa,) Clarke, (Kan.), Ross, Van Horn, (Mo.), Scofield, Shanks, Taffe, and Mungen. Military Affairs. Messrs. Garfield (chairman), Pile, Ketcham, Washburn, (Ind.), Dodge, Raum, Hawkins, Sitgreaves, and Boyer. Mfilitia. Messrs. Paine (chairman), Harding, Buckland, Banks, Gravely, Blair, Shanks, Adams, and Van Auken. 'aval Affairs. Messrs. Pike (chairman), Kelley, Twichell, Stewart, Starkweather, Ferry, Stevens, (N. H.), Archer, and Haight. or appointments to fill vacancies in Committees of 3d Session, see page 262. 1869.] COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE. 77 Foreign Affairs. Messrs. Banks (chairman), Orth, Cullom, Washburn, (Wis.), McCarthy, Blair, Myers, Robinson, and Morgan. Territories. Messrs. Ashley (Ohio,) (chairman), Cullom, Marvin, Hunter, Taylor, Mullins, Taffe, Wood, and Hotchkiss. Revolutionary Pensions and of the War of 1812. Messrs. Loan (chairman), Mullins, Price, Washburn, (Mlass.), Miller, Selye, Washburn, (Ind.), Burr, and Morrisey. Invalid Pensions. Messrs. Perham (chairman), Van Aernam, Benjamin, Nunn, Miller, Polsley, Burr, and Fox. Roads and Cailgls. Messrs. Cook (chairman), Cornell, Wilson, (Ohio,) Cake, Newcomb, Dodge, McCarthy, Kerr, and Barnum. Mines and Mining. Messrs. Higby (chairman), Ashley, (Nevada,) Driggs, Ashley, (Ohio,) Ferriss, Hunter, Mallory, Woodward, and Knott. Freedmen's Affairs. Messrs. Eliot (chairman), Trimble, (Tenn.), Loan, Paine, Ela, Morrell, Baker, Adams, and Hotchkiss. Education and Labor. Messrs. Baker (chairman), Cary, Julian, Boutwell, Wilson, (Penn.,) Cornell, Gravely, Barnes, and Stone. Coinage, Weights and Measures. Messrs. Kelly (chairman), Judd, Smith, Ferris, Hill, Cary, and Axtell. Patents. Messrs. Jenckes (chairman), Myers, Chanler, Bromwell, and Peters. Public Grounds and Buildings. Messrs. Covode (chairman), Van Horn, (N. Y.), Cobb, Moore, and Jones. Revisal and Unfinished Business. Messrs. Poland (chairman), Wilson, (Iowa,) Pomeroy, Windom, and Marshall. Mileage. Messrs. Anderson (chairman), Plants, Van Aernam, Raum, and Getz. Accounts. Messrs. Broomall (chairman), Eckley, Arnell, Fields, and McCullough. Expenditures in the State Department. Messrs. Arnell (chairman), Pike, Finney, Clarke, (Ohio,) and Humphrey. Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Messrs. Marvin (chairman), Starkweather, Taylor, Kitchen, and Robinson. Expenditures in the War Department. Messrs. Williams (Ind.), (chairman), Williams, (Penn.), Garfield, Phelps, and Golladay. Expenditures in the a~avy Department. Messrs. Upson (chairman), Dawes, Van Wyck, Thomas, and Glossbrenner. Expenditures in the Post-Office Department. Messrs. Pile (chairman), Eggleston, O'Neill, Ketcham, and Hubbard, (Conn.) Expenditures in the Interior Department. Messrs. Hubbard (W. Va.), (chairman), Koontz, Bailey, Twichell, and Morgan. Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Messrs. Washburn (Wis.), (chairman), Dixon, Van Horn, (Mo.,) Archer, and Grover. SELECT COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE. Rules. The Speaker (chairman), Messrs. Washburne, (Ill.), Banks, Blaine, and Brooks. Southern Railroads. Messrs. McClurg (chairman), Mercur, Washburn, (Ind.), Chanler, and Sawyer. Education in the District of Columbia. Messrs. Van Aernam, (chairman), Williams, (Ind.), Loughridge, and Archer. Soldiers' and Sailors' Bounties. Messrs. Washburn (Ind.), (chairman), Paine, and Getz. Reconstruction. Messrs. Boutwell, (chairman), Bingham, Farnsworth, Hulburd, Beaman, Paine, Brooks, and Beck. Revision of Laws of the United States. Messrs. Poland (chairman), Spalding, Jenckes, Ferris, and Woodward. JOINT STANDING COMMITTEES ON THE PART OF THE HOUSE. Printing. Messrs. Laflin (chairman), Ela, and Cake. Library. Messrs. Baldwin (chairman), Pruyn, and Spalding. Enrolled Bills. Messrs. Wilson (Penn.), (chairman), Hopkins, and Holman. JOINT SELECT COMMITTEES ON TIE PART OF TiE HOUSE. Retrenchment. Messrs. Van Wyck (chairman), Randall, Welker, Halsey, Jenckes, Benjamin, and Benton. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Revise and Fix the Pay of the Officers of the two IHouses. Messrs. Woodbridge (chairman), Eckley, and McCullough. Examnine the Accounts for Furnishing the Executive Mansion. Messrs. Spalding (chairman), Beaman, and Glossbrenner. Ordnance. Messrs. Logan (chairman), Butler, (Mass.), and Schenck. OFFICERS OF THE iHIousE. Chaplain................................Rev. Charles B. Boynton, D. D. Chief Messenger....................................... Samuel D. Leib. Librarian............................................. James Tisdale. Sergeant-at-Arms......................................N. G. Ordway. Door-keeper of the House...............................Charles E. Lippincott. Superintendent Folding Room.........................Edward Spicer. Superintendent Document Room.......................Cyril Hawkins. Postmaster............................................William S. King. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SENATORS. Doolittle, James R. Howe, Timothy O. Drake, Charles D. Morgan, Edwin D. Edmunds, G. F. Morrill, Justin S. Ferry, O. S. Morrill, Lot M. Fessenden, William P. Morton, O. P. Fowler, J. S. Norton, Daniel S. Frelinghuysen, F. T. Nye, James W. Grimes, James W. Patterson, D. T. Guthrie, James Patterson, J. W. Harlan, James Pomeroy, Samuel C. Henderson, John B. Ramsey, Alexander Hendricks, Thomas A. Ross, E.G. Howard, Jacob M. Saulsbury, Willard Wade, Benjamin F. Anthony, Henry B. Bayard, J. A. Buckalew, Charles: Cameron, Simon Cattell, A. G. Chandler, Zacharial Cole, Cornelius Conkling, Roscoe Conness, John Corbett, H. W. Cragin, Aaron H. Davis, Garret Dixon, James ALPHIABETICAL LIST OF REPRESENTATIVES.* Ferry, Thomas W. Fields, W. C. Finney, D. A. Fox, J. A. . Garfield, James A. Getz, J. Lawrence Glossbrenner, Adam J. Gollady, J. S. Gravely, Joseph J. Grover, A. P. Griswold, John A. Haight, C. Halsey, G. A. Harding, Abner C. Hawkins, I. R. R Higby, W. Hill, John Holman, W. S. Hooper, Samuel H opkins, B. F. Hotchkiss, J. 'Hubbard, Asahel W. Hubbard, Chester D. Hubbard, Richard D. Hulburd, Calvin T. Humphrey, James M. Hunter, M. C. Ingersoll, Ebon C. * For additional names of new members, 3d Session, see page 261. [186.9. 78 Sherman,John Sprague, William Stewart, William M. Sumner, Charle,,4 Thayer, John M. Tipton, T. W. Trumbull, Lyman Van Winkle, P. G. Whyte, Wm. Pinckney Willey, W. T. Williams, George H. Wilson, Henry Yates, Richard Buckland, Ralph P. Burr, A. G. Butler, B. F. Butler, R. R. Cake, H. L. Cary, S. F. Chanler, John W. Churchill, J. C. Clarke, Reader W. Clarke, Sidney Cobb, Amasa Coburn,John Cook, Burton C. Cornell, T. Covode,John Cullom, S. M. Dawes, Henry L. Dixon, N. F. Dodge, G. M. Donnelly, Ignatlui3 Driggs, John F. Ela, J. H. Eckley, Ephraim R. Eggleston, Benj Eldridp,,e, Charles A. Eliot, Thoma,, D. Farnsworth, John F Ferriss, Orange Jenckes, T. A. Jones, T. L. Johnson, J. A. Judd, N: B. Julian, George W. Kelley,-WilliamD. Kelsey, W. H. Kerr, Michael C. Ketcham, John H. Kitchen, B. M. Koontz, W. 1-1. Knott, J. P. Laftin, Addison H. Lawrence, George V. Lawrence, William Lincoln, W. S. Loan, Benjamin F. Logan, J. A. Loughridge, Will! Lynch,John Mallory, Rufus Marshall, Samuel S. Marvin, James M. Maynard, Horace McCarthy, D. McClurg, Joseph W. McCormick, James R. McCullough, Hiram Colfax, Schuyler Allison, William B. Adams, G. M. Ames, Oakes Anderson, Geo. W. Archer, Stevenson Arnell, S. M. Ashley. Delos R. Ashley, James M. Axtell, S. B. Bailey, Alexander H. Baker Jehu Baldwin, John D. Banks, Nathaniel P. Barnes, Demas Barnum, W. H. Beaman, Fernando C. Benton, Jacob Beek, James B. Benjamin, Jno. F. Bingham, John A. Blaine, James G. Blair, A. Boutwell, Geo. S. Boyer, Benjamin M. Bromwell, Henry P. H. Brooks, James Broomall, John M. EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT. Pike, Frederick A. Smith, W. C. Pile, William A. Spalding, Rufus P. Plants, Tobias A. Starkweather, H. H. Poland, Luke P. Stevens, A. F. Polsley, Daniel Stewart, T. E. Pomeroy, Theodore M. Stokes, W. B. Price, Hiram Stone, Frederick Pruyn, J. V. L. Taber, Stephen Randall, Samuel J. Taffe, John Raum, G. B. Taylor, C. N. Robertson, W. H. Thomas, Francis Robinson, William E. Trimble, John Ross, Lewis W. Trimble, L. S. Sawyer, Philetus Trowbridge, R. E. Schenck, Robert C. Twichell, Ginery Scofield, Glenni W. Upson, Charles Selye, Lewis Van Aernam, H. Shanks, J. P. C. Van Auken, D. M. Shellabarger, Samuel Van Horn, Burt Sitgreaves, Charles Mercur, Ulysses Miller, George F. Moore, William Moorhead, James K. Morgan, G. W. Morrell, D. J. Morrisey, John Mullins, J. Mungen, W. Myers, Leonard Newcomb, C. A. Niblack, William E. Nicholson, John A. Nunn, D. A. O'Neill, Charles Orth, Godlove S. Paine, Halbert E. Perham, Sidney E. Peters, John A. Phelps, Charles E. EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT. The President is chosen by Electors, each State having as many as it has Senators and Representatives in Congress. He holds office four years; is Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States; has power to grant pardons and reprieves for offenses against the United States; makes treaties by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; nominates, and with the consent of the Senate, appoints all Cabinet, Diplomatic, Judicial, and Executive officers; has power to convene Congress, or the Senate only; communicates to Congress by message at every session, the condition of the Union, and recommends such measures as he deems expedient; receives all Foreign Ministers; takes care that the laws are faithfully executed, and the public business transacted. The Vice-President is chosen by the Electors at the same time and in the same manner as the President; is President of the Senate, and has the casting vote therein. In case of the death, resignation, disability, or removal of the President, his powers and duties devolve upon the Vice-President for the residue of his term. In case of the death of both the President and VicePresident, or if those offices for any reason become vacant, the President pro tempore of the Senate acts as President of the United States, or if there be none, then the Speaker of the House of Representatives, until a new election can be had, which must take place within thirty-four days preceding the first Wednesday in December following, provided the space of two months intervenes between the date of the notice of such special election and said first Wednesday in December; if such period does not intervene, then the election is to be held during the same period in the year ensuing, provided the termn of office does not expire prior thereto. The notice of election is to be issued by the Secretary of State, and addressed to the respective Governors. In i869.] 70 Van Horn, Robert T. Van Trump, P. Van Wyck, C. H. Ward, Hamilton Washburn, C. C. Washburn, H. D. Washburn, William B. Washburiie, Ellhu B. Welker, Martin Williams, Thomas Williams, W. Wilson, James P. Wilson, John T. Wilson, Stephen F. Windom, William Wood, Fernando Woodbridge, F. E. WoodNvard, G. W. Young, J. D., THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. cases of vacancy, where the Vice-President succeeds to the Presidential office, the President of the Senate becomes ex officio Vice-President. President of the United States, - ANDREW JOHNSON, Salary, $25,000 Privactte Secretary, - - - ROBERT JOHNSON, " 3,500 Vice-President (acting), - - BENJAMIN F. WADE, " 8,000 THE CABINET. The following are the principal officers in the Executive Department of the Government, who form the Cabinet: Secretary of State................WILLIAM H. SEWARD...........New York........ $8,000 Secretary of the Treasury........ HUGH MCCULLOCH..............Indiana..............8,000 Secretary of War................JOHN M. SCHOFIELD............Illinois..............8,000 Secretary of the Navy............GIDEON WELLES................Connecticut........ 8,000 Secretary of the Intertor......... ORVILLE H. BROWNING.........Illinois............ 8,000 Postmaster- Geieral..............ALEX. W. RANDALL.............Wisconsin...........8,000 Attorney- General................WILLIAM M. EVARTS........... New York...........8,000 DEPARTMENT OF STATE. This Department, established July 27th, 1789, was originally styled the Department of Foreign Affairs, but its name was changed by an Act of Congress to the Department of State. The Secretary, who is the principal officer of the Department, is charged with all duties relative to correspondences, commissions, or instructions to or with our foreign ministers or consuls; negotiations with public ministers from foreign states or princes; and with such other matters respecting foreign affairs as the President shall assign to the Department. He is also charged with the duty of receiving and preserving the Enrolled Acts of Congress, and with the publication of printed copies of them. He is made by law the custodian of the seal of the United States, and it is his duty to affix the said seal to all civil commissions, and other instruments and acts, whenever he has the special warrant of the President therefor. The Dil)lomiatic Branch has charge of all correspondence between the Department and other diplomatic agents of the United States abroad, and those of foreign powers accredited to this government. The Constlar Branch has charge of the correspondence, etc., between the department and the consuls and comimergial agents of the United States. The Disbtrsing Agent has charge of all matters connected with accounts relating to any fund disbursed by the department. The Translator furnishes such translations as the department may require, and records the commissions of consuls and vice-consuls, when not in English, upon which exequaturs are issued. The Clerk of Appointments and Commissions makes out and records commissions, letters of appointment, nominations to the Senate, exequaturs, and records, when in English, the commissions on which they are issued; and has charge of the Library. 80 [1869. INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS. The Clerk of Rolls and Archives takes charge of the enrolled acts and resolutions of Congress, as they are received from the President; prepares authenticated copies thereof; superintends their publication, and that of treaties; attends to their distribution, and that of all documents and publications in regard to which this duty is assigned to the department; writing and answering all letters connected therewith; and has charge of all Indian treaties, and business relating thereto. The Clerk of Authentications has charge of the seals of the United States and of the department, and prepares and attaches certificates to papers presented for authentication; receives and accounts for the fees; and records all letters from the department, other than the diplomatic and consular. The Clerk of Pardons uand Passports prepares and records pardons and remissions, and registers and files the papers on which they are founded, and makes out and records passports. CHIEF OFFICERS IN STATE DEPARTMENT. Secretary of State.....................WILLIAM H. SEWARD..........................$8,000 Assistant Secretary of State...........FREDERICK W. SEWARD....................... 3,500 ..... "............ WILLIAM HUNTER...............................3,500 Examiner of Claims.................E. PESHINE SMITH.................. 3,000 Commissioner of Inminigration........ R. S. CHILTON..................................2,500 Chief Clerk..........................ROBERT S. CHEW...............................2,200 Disbursing Clerk.....................GEORGE E. BAKER.............................. 2,000 Ieeperof the Roil:................... F. JEFFERSON..................................1,800 Ditratic Clerk.....................IH. D. J. PRATT................................. 1,800 1" ".....................CHARLES W. DAVIS.....................1,.........800 Connlar Clerk.......................JASPER SMITH...................................1,800 1" "........................A. H. CLEMENTS................................1,200 Passport Clerk........................A. TUNSTALL WELCH...........................1,800 Appointment Clerk...................GEORGE BARTLE.................................1,800 INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.* Ministers and other Diplomatic Agents of the United States in Foreign Countries are paid by salaries, and the outfit is abolished. Secretaries of Legation are authorized in each country where there is a Minister Plenipotentiary or Minister Resident. Assistant Secretaries are authorized at London and Paris. ENTrOYS EXTRAORDINARY AND MINISTERS PLENIPOTENTIARY. Date of NAME. Whence Appointed. Foreign Country. Caplta Appointen. al Reverdy Johnson...........Maryland.... England....London 1868 ~pitn Reverdy Johnson............ John A. Dix..................... Cassius M. Clay.............. John P. Hlale................. George Bancroft.............. Henry M. Watts............. George P. Marsh............. J. Ross Browne.............. Wm. S. Rosecrans........... Jas. Watson Webb........... Judson Kilpatrick.............. Alvin P. Hovey.............. Alvin P.~ ~ Hoverrecte..IdiatnSate..Deprtment, im.....16 10tbe00068 * Corrected at State Department, October, 1868. 6 .I 81 1869.1 $17,500 17,500 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12, 000 12,000 12,000 10,000 10,000 ryla-nd.... ew York.... entucky.... . Hamhire ew York.... ennsylvania rmont..... alifornia.... hio......... ew York.... Jersey.. r a...... England...... Frane....... Rtissla....... Spain........ Prussia...... Austria...... Italy....... Chime a....... Brazil........ Chili......... Pem......... London...... Paris......... St.Petersburg Madrid....... Berlin........ Vienna....... Florence..... Pekin........ Rio dejaneiro Santia o..... Lima......... 1868 1866 1863 1865 1867 1868 1861 im 1868 1861 1865 1865 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. SECRETARIES OF LEGATION. NAME. Whence Appointed. Foreign Country., Capital. Ate. Salary. Benjamin Moran............. Pennsylvania England...... London...... 1864 $2,625 Wickham Hoffman........... Louisiana.... France....... Paris......... 1865 2,625 Jeremiah Curtin............. Wisconsin.... Russia....... St.Petersburg 1864 1,800 H. J. Perry................... N. Hampshire Spain........ Madrid....... 1861 1,800 Alexander Bliss.............. New York.... Prussia...... Berlin........ 1867 1,800 John Hay................... Illinois....... Austria...... Vienna....... 1867 1,800 H. P. Hay.................... Tennessee... Italy......... Florence.... 1868 1,800 S. Wells Williams............ Mass......... China........ Pekin........ 1855 5,000 Edward L. Plumb............ New York.... Mexico....... Mexico....... 1866 1,800 .............................Brazil........ Rio dejaneiro.... 1,800 .............~~~~~...... Chili......... Santiago............. 1,500 H. M. Brent.......................... Peru........ Lima......... 1867 1,500 ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF LEGATION. ~ante of INAME. Whence Appointed. Foreign Country. Capital. Appoinment. Salary. Edward C. Johnson.......... Maryland.... England...... London...... 1868 $1,500 John W. Dix................. New York.... France....... Paris......... 1867 1,500 MINISTERS RESIDENT. Date of NAME. Whence Appointed. Foreign Country. Capital. Appitet.Salary. George H. Yeaman........... Kentucky.... Denmark.... Copenhagen.. 1865 $7,500 Jos.. Bartlett.............. New York.... Sw'n & Nor'y. Stockholm... 1867 7,500 Hugh Ewing............ Kansas....... Netherlands.. The Hague... 1866 7,500 Henry S. Sanford............ Connecticut.. Belgium..... Brussels..... 1861 7,500 James E. Harvey............ Pennsylvania Portugal Lisbon....... 1861 George Ilarrin_4ton........... Dist. Col..... Switzerland.. Berne........ 1865 7,500 Edward M. Mcook........... Colorado.... Hawaiian Isl. Honolulu... 1866 7,500 Gideon H. Hollister.......... Connecticut..!Hayti........ Port a Prince 1868 7,500 Edward Joy Morris.......... Pennsylvania iTurkey...... Consta'nople 1861 7,500 Chas. K. Tuckerman......... New York.... Greece....... Athens....... 1868 7,500 R. Van Valkenburgh......... New York.... Japan....... Yedo......... 1866 7,500 Andrew B. Dickinson.......... New York... Nicaragu Nicaragua... 1863 7,500 J. B. Blair.................. WestVirginia Costa Rica... San Jose6.... 1868 7,500 Fitz Henry Warren.......... Iowa....... Guatemala.. Guatemala... 1866 7,500 Richard H. Rousseau......... Kentucky.... Honduras.... Comayaguta.. 1866 7,500 Alpheus S. Williams......... Michigan..... Salvador..... San Salvador. 1866 7,500 Peter J. Sullivan............. Kentucky.... New Granada Bogota....... 1867 7,500 Thomas N. Stillwell.......... Indiana...... Venezuela... Caracas....... 1867 7,500 ..................................... Ecuador..... Quito............ 7,500 H. G. Worthington........N k... Ar Confd Buenos Ayres 1867 7,500 John W. Caldwell............ Ohio........ Bolivia....... La Paz....... 1868 7,500 M. S. McMahon.............. California.... Paraguay..... Asuncion.... 1868 7,500 John Seys...............Ohio......... Liberia....... Monrovia.... 1866 4,000 H. G. Worthington........... Nebraska..... Uragiiay.................. 1868..... CONSULAR OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES WITH THE PLACES OF THEIR OFFICIAL RESIDENCE ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED. All not marked thus (*) are at liberty to transact business; C. G., Consul General; V. C. G., Vice Consul General; C., Consul; V. C., Vice Consul; C. A., Consular Agent; Com. A., Commercial Agent; V. C. A., Vice Commercial Agent; A. C. A., Agent of Commercial Agent. Aberdeen, Scotland....Alex. Brand, C. A. Aguas Calientes, Mex..M. Metcalf, C. *Acapulco, Mexico....J. A. Sutlerch, Com. A. Aintab, Syria..........S. de Picciotto, C. A. Adelaide, Austria......J. W. Smith, C. A.' *Aix la Chapelle, Prus.W. H. Vesey, C. Aden, East Indies......Wm. H. Nichols, C. A.... Chas. E. Dahmen, V. C. Adra, Spain............Ramqn Medina, C. A. Akyab, Bengal......... James Dickie, C. A. Adrianople, Turkey.... T. E. Blunt, C. A. Albany, Australia......Henry K. Toll, C. A. Aguadilla, P. R......... Ed. Kopisch, C. A. Aleppo, Syria..........J. de Piccioto, C. A. [1869. 82 INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS. Alexandretta, Syria....M. Levi, C. A. *Alexandria, Egypt......C. Hale, C. G. *Algiers, Africa..'.....E. L. Kingsbury, C. Alicante, Spain........W. L. Giro, C. Almeria, Spain........F. P. Roman, C. A. Altona, Prussia........W. Marsh, C. " "11........ John A. Seviers, V. C. Amherstburg, Canada..Jos. Templeton, C. A. Amoor River, Asia.... P. McD.Collins,Com.A. " "11.... H. W. Hiller, V. C. A. *Amoy, China......... C. W. LeGendre, C. ".".......... W. P. Jones, V. C. *Amsterdam, Neth.... Chas. Mueller, C. " ".... A. Vinke, V. C. Ancona, Italy.......... C. Ribighini, C. Annapolis, Nova Sco..W. R. Ruggles, C. A. Antigua, W. I......... H. A. Arrindell, Com.A. *Antwerp, Belgium....John Wilson, C. Apia, Navigator's Isl..J. M. Coe, Com. A. Archangel, Russia.....E. Brandt, C. Areccibo, P. R.........F. Fernandez, C. A. Arica, Peru............John T. Lansing, C. Arichat, Cape Breton..J. G. McKean, C. A. *Aspinwall, U.S.ofCol.F. W. Rice, C. 11 11" " Tracy Robinson, V. C. Asuncion, Paraguay...R. C. Yates, C. Athens, Greece B........Scee C. Augsburg, Bavaria.....W. Colvin Brown, C. "1 ".....Max Obermayer, V. C. Aux Cayes, Hayti......J. DeLong, C. Aveiro, Vortugal.......H. L. Feurheerd, C. A. Bahia, Brazil......... R. A. Edes, C. Bamberg, Bavaria......Paul J. Weber, C. A. *Bangkok, Siam.......J. M. Hood, C. ..."....... N. A. Macdonald, V. C. Baracoa, Cuba.........P. E. Alayo, C. A. Barbadoes.............Jos. G. Morton, C. i............. D. C. DaCosta, V.C. *Barcelona, Spain......J. A. Little, C. " "............ Manuel Casajemas,V.C. " Venezuela..H. Baiz, V. C. Barmen, Prussia.......J. H. Albers, C. A. Barrington, N. S.......G. Robertson, C. A. *Basle, Switzerland....A. L. Wolf, C. Bassein, India.........J. Henderson, C. A. Basse Terra, Guadl'pe.A. Lacour, C. A. Batavia, Java.......... S. Higginson, Jr., C. Bathurst,WestC. ofAf..Thos. Brown, C. ;; " " DavidW.E.Brown,V.C. Bay of Islands, N. Z...W. G. Wright, Corn. A. Bayonne, France......Gersam Leon, C. A. Beaumaris, Wales.....Robert R. Jones, C. A. Bedeque, Prince Ed. Is.J. C. Pope, C. A. *Beirut, Syria.........J. A. Johnson, C. G. " "........... H. E.Thompson,V.C.G. Belem, Portugal.......T. M. Besoney, C. A. *Belfast, Ireland.......Thos. K. King, C. 1 "............Hugh Creighton, V. C. *Belize, Honduras..... Corn. A. "'...... A. C. Prindle, V. C.A. Belleville, Canada......J. W. Carman, C. A. Bergen, Norway.......H. J. Lockwood, C. Berlin, Prussia........ H. Kreismann, C. Bermuda, W. I......o e.....C. M. Allen, C. Bermuda, W. I.......A..... C. F. Allen, V. C. Bilbao, Spain............Lorenzo Dahl, C. .............. Ed. dAznar, V. C. Birmingham, England.Elihu Burritt, C. A. Bissao, Africa......... C. Black River, Jamaica.....W. Leyden, C. A. Bogota, U. S. of Col...G. C. Crane, C. Bombay, Bengal....... G. A. Kittredge, C. Bonaire, W. I........... W. E. Boye, C. A. *Bordealux, France....Hy W. E. Gleeson, C. ~" "11.... Victor Olgioti, V. C. Bornholm, Denmark... T. H. Ronne, C. A. *Boulogne, France....J. de le Montagnie, C. "1 "....Jos. Fontaine) V. C. Bradford, England..... Geo. M. Towle, Com. A. "1 "..... J. L. Raymond, V.C.A. Brake, Oldenburg......B. Muller, C. A. Brantford, Canada..... G. C. Baker, C. A. Brava, Verde Isl....... J. J. Nunes, C. A. *Bremen, Germany.... George S. Dodge, C. Bremerhaven, Ger..... F. W. Specht, C. A. Brest, France........... J. M. Kerros, C. A. *Brindisi, Italy........ F. B. Huchting, C. ". "......... Theo. Titi, V. C. Brunn, Austria........ G. Schoeller, C. A. Bristol, England....... Z. Eastman, C. " "....... G. Whitewell, V C. Brunai, Borneo........ C. "1 "........ J. W. Hoes, V. C. Brunswick, Germany..W. W. Murphy, C. " "..E. Breuil, V. C. Brussels, Belgium..... C. ......... Aaron Goodrich, V. C. Bucharest, Turkey..... L. J. Czapkay, C. Buenaventura, U. S. of Col.................. J. M. Eder, C. *Buenos Ayres, Ar. Rp.M. E. Hollister, C. Brixham, England..... E. Vittery, C. A. Cacilhas, Portugal..... D. Affonco, C. A. *Cadiz, Spain..........R. F. Farrell, C. Cagliari, Italy........... E. Pernis, C. A. Caipha, Syria......... J. Nasrallah, C. A. Cairo, Egypt........... G. C. Taylor, C. "........... Felix Walmass, V. C. Calais, France.......... J. P. Vendroux, C. A. Calamar,. U. S. of Col.. J. D. Sanchez, C. A. *Calcutta, Bengal..... N. P. Jacobs, C. G. " "....... Chas. H. Bailey, V. C. G. Caldera, Chili.......... A. Seiwertz, C. A. *Callao, Peru.......... J. H. McColley, C. Caminha, Portugal..... A. M. Rua, C. A. Campeachy, Mexico... C. *Canea, Is.ofCrete,Tur.W. J. Stillman, C. " " "E. A. Alexis, V. C. *Canton, China......... Edward M. King, C. Cape Charles and Cha teau Bay, Labrador..J. W. Dodge, C. A.; Cape Haytien, Hayti.. A Folsom, C. Cape Town, C. of G. H.. Geo. Gerard, C. Caracas, Ven.......... E. C. Pruyn, Com. A. is6g.] 83 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Cardenas, Cuba........N. Cross, C. A. Cardiff, Wales.........C. E. Burch, C. Carlisle, England...... Ed. G. Castle, Com. A. Carlsruhe, Baden...... G. F. Kettell, C. Carrara, Italy..........F. Torry, C. " "........... C. Pollina, V. C. Carthagena, Spain.....C. Molina, C. " U. S. of Col.. A. S. Hanabergh, C. Cascumpec, Pr. Ed. Is. C. A. Catania, Sicily..........A. Peratoner, C. A. Cayenne, Guiana....... C. Ceara, Brazil...........J. S. de Vasconcelles, C. A. Cecimbra, Portugal....F. J. Lopez, C. A. Cette, France..........L. S. Nahmens, C. A. Ceylon, India..........G...G W. Prescott, Cornm. A. Chatham and Newcas tle, N. B.............Robert R. Call, C. A. Che Foo, China........E. T. Sandford, C. *Chemnitz, Saxony... Henry B. Ryder, C. Cherbourg, France.....E. Liais, C. A. Chicoutimi, Canada.... Ca. A. Chihuahua, Mexico....C. Moye, C. ' "........... V. O. *Chin Kiang, China.... J. L. Kiernan, C. " "..... Chas. J. Sands, V. C. Chittagong, India......W. Farlie, C. A. Christiansand,"....O. C. Reinhardt, C. A. Cienfuegos, Cuba......Chas. Fox, C. A. Ciudad Bolivar, Ven.... John Dalton, C. " —- V.C. Civita Vecchia, Italy... G. Marsanick, C. A. *Clifton, Canada....... W. Martin Jones, C. " "....... V.C. *Coaticook, Canada.... C. H. Powers, C. " "...............Thos. B. Trihey, V. C. Cobija, Bolivia.........C. Milne, C. Coburg, Canada........E. S. Winans, C. A. Cognac, France........A. Matuspi, C. A. Cologne, Prussia.......G. Holscher, C. A. Colombo, Ceylon...... R. Dawson, V. C. A. Comayagua and Tegu cigalpa, Hon.........W. C. Burchard, C. Concelho da Boncas, Por..................A. F. A. Guimaraes,C.A. *Constantinople, Tur..J. H. Goodenow, C. G. " "...Jos. Garguilo,V. C. G Copenhagen, Denm'k.. C. ".."..L. A. Hecksher, V. C. Coquimbo, Chili.......C. C. Greene, C. Corfu, Ionian Isles.....T. Woodley, C. A. *Cork, Ireland.........E.G. Eastman. C. Corunna, Spain........A. G. Fuertes, C. A. Cow Bay, Nova Sco.... C. Archibald, C. A. Cowes, England.......T. Harling, C. A. Crefeld, Prussia........Julius Magnus, C. A. Cronstadt, Russia......A. Wilkins, C. A. Crookhaven, Ireland... C. A. Cumana, Venezuela.... W.S. Cunningham,C.A. Curacoa, W. I.........James Faxon, C. Cutracoa, W. I..........W. V. E. Horan, V. C. Cyprus, Turkey........L. P. di Cesnola, C. Damascus, Syria....... M. Meshaka, C. A. Dantzig, Prussia........ P.Coas, C. A. Dardanelles, Turkey... C.. Calvert, C. A. Dartmouth, England.... R. Kingston, C. A. *Demerara, Brit.Guil..P. Figyelmesy, C. V" C~..C....A. Duff, V. C. Denia, Spain........... J. Morand, C. Dieppe, France........ J. Le Vert, C. A. Digby, Nova Scotia..... C. C. Wa de, C. A. Dresden., Saxony...... W. S. Campbell, C. Drontheim, Norway.... J. F. Finne, C. A. Dublin, Ireland........ W. B. West, C. " "......... John Rainsford, V. C. Dundalk "........ C. A. *Dundee, Scotland..... J. Smith, C0. " Canada........ J. McMillen, C. A. Dunedin, N. Z.........H. Driver, C. A. Dunkirk, France....... Henri Lematre, C. A. Dunmore Town, Baha ma.................. Wm. H. Sears, C. A. Dunville, Canada...... C. A. Dusseldorf, Prussia....Henry Louis, C. A. East Harbor, Turk's Is.E. Jones, C. A. *Elsinore, Denmark...G. P. Hansen, C. Espinho, Portugal..... J. J. D'Almeida, C. A. Falmouth, England....A. Fox, C. Falmouth, Jamaica.... R. Nunes, C. A. Fano, Denmark........ J. K. Bork, C. A. Faro, Portugal......... F. L. Javarez, C. A. Fayal, Azores.......... C. W. Dabney, C. Figueira, Portugal..... C. Laidley, C. 4. Fiume, Austria........ L. Francovitch, C. A. Florence, Italy......... T. B. Lawrence, C. G. " "1......... J. C. Matteini, V. C. G. Flores, Azores......... F. J. M. Henriques,C.A. Fogo, Cape Verde Isl.. J. C. Bubosa, C. A. *Foo Chow, China..... Alfred Allen, C. " * "1 ".... Thomas Dunn, V. C. Fort de France, Mart.. A. Nollet, C. A. *Fort Erie, Canada.... F. N. Blake, C. *Frankfort on the Main W. W. Murphy, C. G. " " Chas. Graebe, V. C. G. Fredericton, N. B......S. Barker, C. A. Frederickshaven, Den.P. C. Kall, C. A. Frederickstadt, S. C. W. F. Moore, C. A. Freemantle, Australia.T. Pope, C. A. Freelighsburg, Canada.G. M. Blodgett, C. A. *Funchal, Madeira..... Chas. A. Leas, C. Gaboon, Africa........ Aug. Perrot, Com. A. ". "........ I. M. Preston, V. C. A. Galatza, Moldavia..... A. Hartman, C. ......... Emil Hartman, V. C. Gallipoli, Italy......... C. Clauson, C. A. Galway, Ireland....... W. B. West, C. Gananoque.............E. E. Abbot, C. A. Gaspe Basin, Canada..H. Le Bontillier, C. " " * V.C. Geestemunde, Prus.... W. Colvin Brown, C. Gefle, Sweden......... R. Rettig, C. A. *Geneva, Switzerland.. C. H. Uptorf C. *Genoa, Italy.......... 0. M. Spencer, C. "........... Jo seph Valerio, V. C. 84 11869. INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS. Georgetown, Pr. Ed. Is.A.A. McDonald, C. A. Ghent, Belgium......W. C. .."........ D. Levison, V. C. Gibara, Cuba.......... E. R. Codrington, C. A. *Gibraltar, Spain...... H. J. Sprague, C. Girgenti, Italy.........L. Granet, C. A. *Glasgow, Scotland....iWm. L. Duff, C. ......... Wm. Cook, V. C. Gloucester, England...E. L. Kendall, C. A. Gluckstadt, Denmark..J. S. Schenck, C. A. *Goderich, Canada.... Thos. Allcock, C. Gonaives, Hayti.......A. Hilchenbach, C. A. Gottenburg, Sweden...F. K. Bazier, C. Graciosa, Azores...... B. A. da C. S. Betten courtt, C. A. Grand Bassa, Liberia.. L. F. Richardson, C. A. Grand Caymans, Ja.... W. Eden, C. A. Green Turtle Bay, W. I.Uriah Saunders, C. A. Gaudaloupe, W. I.....H. Thionville, C. Guanatanamo, Cuba...F. Bade]l, C. A. Guatemala, Gua.......E. Uhl, C. Guayama, P. R........E. M. Verges, C. A. Guayamilla, P. R.......Prs C.A. Guayaquil, Ecuador.... E. Lee, C. Guaymas, Mexico......A. Willard, C. " "..... J. P. Winegar, V. C. Guernsey, G. Britain..A. Carey, C. A. Guysborough, N. S...... C. H. Franchville, C. A. Hakodadi, Japan......E. E. Rice, C. " "............. N. Emery Rice, V. C. *Halifax, N. S.........M. M. Jackson, C. " "............. N. Gunnison, V. C. *Hamburg, Germany.. S. T. Williams, C. " "....Jas. R. Macdonald,V.C. Hamilton, Bermuda....J. T. Darrell, C. A. '; Canada...... Daniel R. Boice, C. *Hankow, China.......G. H. C. Salter, C. Hammerfest, Norway.. C. A. Harbor Grace, N. F... Charles Wills, C. A. Harburg..............J. D. Westedt, C. A. *Havana, Cuba.........Alvin Hawkins, C. G. " "....... H.R.deLaReintree,V.C.G. *Havre, France........Dwight Morris, C. " ".......... J. Hunt, V. C. Helsingfors, Finland...R. Frenckell, V. C. Hemmingford, Canada.G. W. Burdick, C. A. Hesse Cassel, Prussia..W. W. Murphy, C. Hesse Darmstadt.....R. " " C. HesseHombourg, Prus. " " C. Hilo, Hawaiian Isl........L C. . ".......J. Worth, V. C. HobartTown, Tasm...D. McPherson, Jr., C. Honfleur. France...... C. Wagner, C. A. *Hong Kong, China.... Isaac J. Allen, C. *Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands..............Z. S. Spalding, C. Huddersfield, Eng.....Geo. P. Kebler, C. A. Huelva, Spain.........M. Zafra, C. A. Hull, England.......... H J. Atkinson, C. A. Huntingdon, Canada... C. A. Iloilo, Philippine Isl...W. B. Loring, C. A. Inagua, Bahamas....... D. Sargent, C. A. Isle de Re, France..... E. L. Roullet, C. A. Ivica, (Island)......... Wm. Wallis, C. A. Jacmel, Hayti..........Chas. Moravia, A. C. A. Jaffa, Turkey.......T.F.H.Svarenthal, C.A. J alapa, Iexico........V. L. Kennedy, C. A. Jeremie, Hiayti.........J. Vigoureux, A. C. A. Jersey Island........... T. Renouf, C. A. *Jerusalem, Syria..... V. Beaub oucher, C. ' ".......Eme eL. M. Mo. Johnson, V. C. *Kanagawa, Japan......Julius Stahel, C. *Kingston, Jamaica....Aaron Gregg, C. " ".....J., N. Camp, V. C. * " Canada.B CP......S. B. Ha nce, C. Kingstown, Ireland.... C.A. *Kiu Kiang, China.... S. S. Gilbert, C. Konigsburg, Prutssia... J. H. Brockman, C. A. Kur rachee, Sinde....... BF.Farnham, C. A. Lachine, Canada....... Wm. H. Calvert, C. A. Lacolle, Canada........ C. A. Lagos, Portugal........J. M. Mascarenhas,C.A. *Lakuayra, Venezuela.C. II. Loehr, C. Laguna, Mexico....... M. R. Carballo, V. C. *Lahaina, Hawaiian Isl.E. Perkins, C. " " E. P. Adams, V. C. Lambayeque, Peru..... S. C. Montjoy, C. Lanthala, Feejee Isl...J. M. Brow,er, Com. A. Lanzarotte, Canary Isl.J. T. Topham, C. A. La Paz, San Jose, and Cape St. Lucas, ]Mex.Francis B. Elmer, C. Do........... C. A. Parsons, V. C. Las Palmas, Canary Isl.F. W. Manly, C. A. La Tremblade, France.M. Robineau, C. A. *La Rochelle, France..Thos. P. Smith, C. Latakia, Syria.......... S. Vitali, C. A. LaUnion, San Salvador. J. F. Flint, C. Leca, Portugal......... J. da C. T. Guimaraes, C. A. *Leeds, England....... C. " "........ Clark Smith, V. C. *Leghorn, Italy........J. Hutchinson, C. Leith, cotland........ John S. Fiske, C. "!........... Jas. Galloway, V. C. *Leipsic, Saxony...... M. J. Cramer, C. .. "........ Thomas McGee, V. C. Licata, Italy........... L. Saito, C. A. Liege, Belgium.........Arthur Genaert, C. .......... V. el Limerick, Ireland...... M. R. Ryan, C. A. Limoges, France....... C. A. Lingan, N. S........... F. E. Leaver, C. A. *Lisbon, Portugal..... C. A. Munro, C. " "...... C. F. J. Hutchens, V. C. *Liverpool, England... T. H. Dudley, C. " "1.....H. Wilding, V. C. Llanelly, Wales....... R. Dunkinr C. A. *London, England..... F. H. Morse, C. Londonderry, Ireland..A. Henderson, C. L'Orient, France....... C. A. Lota and Coronel, Chili Jas. Silvey, C. A. *Lyons, France........ P. J. Osterhaus, C. Lubec, Germany....... W. W. Murphy, C. " "....... Wm. Coleman, V. a, 1869.] 85 THE AERICAN YEAR-BOO AND REGISTER. THE AMERICANf YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Ludwigshafen, Baden.. S. Sederle, C. A. Macao, China.......... C. ".".......... Henerich Ebell, V. C. Maceio, Brazil.........J. Borstelmann, C. A. Madras, Brit. India.... C. A Maio, Cape Verde Isl..J. H. Evora, C. A. *Malaga, Spain........A. M. Hancock, C. " ".......... J. R. Geary, V. C. *Malta, (Island)........W. Winthrop, C. *Manchester, England.H. G. Wells,, C. Manila, Philippine Isl..J. B. Pierson, C. " " J. Russell, V. C. Manheim, Baden.......L. Stoll, C. A. Manzanillo, Cuba......M. I. R. Ecay, C. A. " Mexico...J. H. Noteware, C. Maracaibo,Venezuela..E. Sturmfels, C. Maranham, Brazil.....W. H. Evans, C. Marsala, Italy..........R. L. Hervey, C. A. *Marseilles, France.... M. F. Conway, C. " "......Fred. W. Archille, V. C. Matamoras, Mexico....J. White, C. " ".............L. Avery, V. C. *Matanzas, Cuba......H. C. Hall, C. Maulmain, India.......W. Brooke, C. A. Mayaguez, P. R........J. C. Coxe, C. A. Mazatlan, Mexico......I. Sisson, Com. A. Medellin, U.S. of Col.. Com. A. Media, Tunisia........ J. Lombroso, C. A. *Melbourne, Australia.Geo. R. Latham, C. Memel, Prussia........H. Fowler, C. A. Menitone, France......N. Viale, C. A. Merida and Sisal, Mex..R. J. y Patrullo, C. *Messina, Italy........F. W. Behn, C. Mexico, (City).........John Black, V. C. Mier, Mexico..........W. G. Jones, C. A. Milan, Italy............W. Clark, C. A. Milford Haven, Wales.A. B. Harries, C. A. Minatitlan, Mexico.... R. C. M. Hoyt, C. Morales, ".... Com. A. Monganui. N. Z........C. W. Drury, C. A. Monrovia, Africa...... John Seys, C. G. M.R. Montego Bay, Jamaica. G. L. Phillips, (BFA. Montevideo, Uirunguay..J. D. Long, C. Monterey, Mexico..... J. Ulrich, C. *Montreal, Canada.....Wm. W. Averill, C. G. "....... Thos. F. Wilson,55.C.G. Morlaix, France.......M. Alexandre, C. A. Morpeth, Canada......Han,. C.A. *Moscow, Russia......Eugene Schuyler, C. ". "....... S. P. Young, V. C. MosselBay,Cape Town E. Eager, C. A. Mozambique, Africa... Caleb Cooke, C. Mulhouse, France..... August Strohl, C. A. *Munich, Bavaria......Henry Toomy, C. *Nagasaki, Japan......W. P. Mangum, C. " "....... D. L. Moore, V. C. Naguabo, P. R.........W. Haddock, C. A. Napanee. Canada WestHugh Ralston. C. A. *Nantes, France.......Benjamin Gerrish, C. e I.... te.......L. MJ. Dedichen, V. C. *Naples, Italy..........Robert L. Matthews, C. ............. Robert Rogers, V. C. Napoleon Vendee, Fr..J. W. McClure, C. Nassau, Europe........ W. W. Murphy. * " W. I..........T. Kirkpatrick, C. *Newcastle, England..J.H. McChesney, C. "...T. P. Orwin, V5. C. Newcastle, N. S. Wales. G. Mitchel l, C. A. Ne w Chwang, Child a Rsi...F. P. Knight, C. Newport, England.....T io Jo. N. K napp, C. A. *Nice, France..........A. 0. OAldis, C. T" "........... Charles Luigi, V. C. Ningpo, China......... E. C. Lord, C. No ttingham, England..F. G. Rawson, C. A. Nuremburg, Bavaria...Benj. LeFevre, C. Nuevitas, Cuba........ R. Gibbs, C. A. *Odessa, Russia........ T. C. Smith, C. Oldenburg, Germany..H. W. Carstens, C. Old Harbor, Ja......... Moses Bravo, C. A. Old Hartlepool, Eng... C. Nielson, C. A. Olten, Switzerland..... H. Salathe, C. A. Omoa&Truxillo,Hon..C. R. Follin, C. *Oporto, Portugal..... H. W. Diman, a. ". "...... M. R. Jones, V. C. Oran, Africa........... Antonin Sarrat, C. A. *Osacca & Hiogo, Jap.. T. S. Stewart, C. Ostend, Belgium..... A.Van IseghemDuclos,C. Otranto, Italy......... Wm. M. Mayo, C. O,ttawa, C. W.......... P. H. Mehar, C. A. Ovar, Portugal......... J. A. D'Almeida, C. A. Paco d'Arcos, Port.... F. F. Godillho, C. A. Padang, Sumatra....... C. " "...... A. Van Gils, V. C. *Palermo, Italy........ L. Monti, C. Palma, Canary Isl...... F. P. Laremuth, C. A. " Majorica....... J. Fiol, C. A. *Panama, U. S. of Col. T. K. Smith, C. ..... J. Hough, V. C. Para, Brazil............ J. B. Bond, C. Paraiba, Brazil........ C. A. Paramaribo, DIut. Gui.. H. Sawyer, C. *Paris, France......... John G. Nicolay, C. " ".......... Franklin Olcott, V. C. Parnahiba, Brazil...... E. Burnett, Com. A. Paso del Norte, Mex... C. " "...Wm. F. Hellen, V. C. Pau, France........... G. de M. Clay, C. A. Patras, Greece......... F. Fachiri, C. A. Payta, Peru............ R. M. Columbus, C. " "............ I. L. Havens, V. C. Pelotas, Brazil......... B. R. Cordeiro, C. A. Penang, East Indies... C. A. *Pernambuco, Brazil.. T. Adamson, Jr., C. 11 1"....xVW. H. McGrath, V. C. Peso de Regra, Port.... C. A. Pesth, Hungary........ Adolf Klein, C. A. *Pictou, N. S...........B. IH. Norton, C. Picton, Canada........ Robert C]app, C. A. Piedras Negras, Mex.. W. Schuchardt, C. A. Pirieuis, Greece........ Matthew Meigs, C. " "........ Jonas King, V. C. Plymouth, England.... T. W. Fox, C. *Ponce, P. R........... Peter Minvielle, C. A. Porsgrund, Norway....Carl J. Craby, C. [1869. 86 INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS. Rosario, Arg. Con.... W.Wheelwright,Com.A. *Rotterdam, Netherl's.Albert Rhodes, C. P" " A. A. Wambersie, V. C. Rouen, France......... Louis Guebert, C. A. Sabanilla, U. S. of Col.. E. P. Pellet, Com. A. Sable d'Olonnes, Fran. C.A. Sagua la Grand e, Cuba.J. S. Horner, C.A. Sal, C ape Verde Isl....J.J.J. Vera Cruz, C. A. Salt Cay, TtCrk's Isl..... W.B. Harrott, C. A. Saltillo, Mexico........ J. H. Porter, C. A. San Andres, Car. Sea... P.B.Livingston, V.C.A. S a n Blas, Mexico......D. F. erguson, Com. A. San Jose, C. R........ark. Com. A. San Jose do Norte.......C. M. V. Araujo, C. A. San Jose, Mexico.......... E. Jallespie, C. A. San Jose, Peru..........W. V. Fry, C. A. San Jos6 de Gautemala. G. F. Willamsen, V. C. San Juan, Remedios...I. Stone, V. C. *San Juan del Norte, Nic.B. S. Cotrell, Com. A. *San Juan del Sur, Nic.R. Mead, C. "1 " " A. L. Tompkins, V. C. *San Juan, P. R....... A. Jourdan, C. " "......... C. A. Hoard, V. C. San Luis Potosi, Mex.. C. " "..J. A. Piernas, V. C. San Salvador.......... E. A. Wright, C. Santa Cruz, Cuba...... Chas. Rugar, C. A. " W. I...... E. H. Perkins, C. " "....... Robt. A. Finley, V. C. Santa Martha, U. S. of Col.................. F. D. Garcia, Com. A. Santa Rosa, Mexico... Chas. Schurchard, C. A. Santander, Spain...... Louis Gallo, C. Santiago, C. Verde Is..Benj. Tripp, Jr., C. *Santiago de Cuba..... E. F. Wallace, C. " "......... J. Badell, V. C. Santos, Brazil......... C. F. de Vivaldi, C. " "..........E. L. Meade, V. C. Savanna la 2{ar, Jamai.James Dotugal, C. A. Scheidam, Netherland,s P. Prius, C. A. Schwerin, Germany.... Orrin J. Itose, C. Scilly, (Island)......... T. J. Bruixton, C. A. Scio, Turkey........... N. Pelrocochino, C. Sedan, France......... C. A. Seville, Spain.......... J. Cunningham, C. Setubal, Portugal...... C. F. O'Neil, C. A. *Seychelles, Ind. 0.... Dorrance Atwater, C. *Shanghai, China...... G. F. Seward, C. G. ", "....... W. P. Mangum, V. C. G. Sheffield, England..... Geo. J. Abbot, C. " "..... Chas. A. Branson,V.C. Shelburne, N. S........ C. A. Sidon, Syria........... S. Abela, C. A. Sierra Leone, Africa...H. Rider, Com. A. Simonstown, "... Patrick D. Martin, C.A. Sines, Portugal........ J. P. de M. Falcao, C.A. *Singapore, India...... I. Stone, C. " "....... Wm. B. Smith, V. C. *Smyrna, Turkey...... E. J. Smithers, C. " "....... J. Griffit, V. C. Sonneberg, Germany..S. Hirshbach, C. Sonsonate, Sal......... I. Mathe, C. A. Portsmouth, England..Geo. Baker, C. A. Porto Alegre, Brazil...F. J. Monteiro, C. A. Port Baltic, Prussia.... C. Kalk, C. A. Port Bruce, Canada.....A.... C. A. Port Burwell, "....C. C.A. Port Colburne,.... C. A. Port Dover, " C. A. Port Elizabeth, Africa.J. L. Flanders, C. A. Port Hope, Canada.... Thos. P. Jones, C. A. Port Louis, Mauritius..Nicholas Pike, C. "1 1"..F. O. Robinson, V. C. *Port Mahon, Minorca.H. B. Robinson, C. Port Natal, Africa...... G. C. Cato, C. A. Port au Prince, Hayti.. H. Conard, V. C. A. Port Orotava,Teneriffe C. A. Port Rowan, Canada... Geo. C. Baker, C. A. *Port Sarnia, "...A. W. Duggan, C. " "...A. Hendricls, V. C. Port Stanley, "... Charles Morrill, C. A. " Falkland Isl.G. M. Dean, V. Corn. A. Port St. Mary, Spain...E. Crusoe, C. A. Port of Sidney, Cape Breton...............J. P. Ward, C. A. Porto Plata, Hayti.....F. J. Waldmayer, C. A. Prague, Bohemia......J. Von Geitler, C. A. *Prescott, Canada.....James Weldon, C. *Prince Edward Isl...... E. P. Scammon, C. Puerto Cabello, Ven.... A. Lacombe, C. Puerto Plata, St. Dom. W. Lithgow, V. C. A. Pugwash, N. S......... H. G. Pineo, C. A. Punta Arenas, Costa R.W. Dent, C. A. " Nicaragua. B. S. Cotrell, Com. A. *Quebec, Canada......Charles Robinson, C. " "....... Geo. H. Holt, V. C. Queensland, Australia.J. E. Brown, C. A. Quibdo, U.S. of Col... G. P.Gamba, C. Ragged Islands......... C.A. Ramleh, Syria.........H. Nunkos, C. A. Rangoon, Burmah.....G. Bullock, C., A. Ravenna, Italy.........John Reichard, C. Redonda, W. I.........Ed. H. Mau, V. Com. A. Regoa, Portugal....... F. da C. Guilherme,C.A. Retimo, Isle of Crete.. G. Lariacki, C. A. *Revel, Russia........H. B. Stacy, C. " "..........W. V.Mayer, V. C. Reims, France.........A. G. Gill, C. Rhenish Bavaria.......G. F. Kettell, C. Riga, Russia...........A. Schwartz, C. Ringkjobing, Denmark A. C. Hustedt, C. A. *Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J. Monroe, C. " " IH. E. Milford, V. C. Rio Grande, Brazil..... A. Young, Jr., C. Rio Hacha, U.S.of Col..N. Danies, C. "" M. Meyer, V. C. Rio Negro, Arg. Con... C. Ritzebuttel and Cux haven, Ger...........G. von derMeden, C. A. Rochefort, France.....A. G. Brellonin, C. A. *Rome, Italy..........E. C. Cushman, C. " "............H. B. Brown, V. C. Ronne, Denmark......T. H. Ronne, C. A. Roseau, Dominicia..Victor Blanchard,Com.A. 1869.1 87 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Sourabaya, Java....... C. von Oven, C. A. Souris, Prince Ed. Isl..J. Night, C. A. *Southampton, Eng....J. Biitton, C. Spezia, Italy........... W. T. Rice, C. St. Ann's Bay, Ja......M. Solomons, C. A. St. Andrew, N. B......Ed. Dorimer, C. A. !t. Bartholomew,W. I..R. B. Dinzey, Comrn. A. St. Catharine's, Canada D. C. Haynes, C. A. " (Is.), Brazil.B. Lindsey, C. St. Christopher, W. I..E. S. Delisle, Comrn. A. *St. Domingo, (City)... J. S. Smith, Comrn. A. St. Etienne, France.... Geo. Bechtel, C. A. St. Gallen, Switz...... Wm. Auer, C. A. St. George, N. B.......Geo. Baker, C. A. *St. Helena, (Island)...Thos. Fitnam, Corn. A. St. Helen's, England... J. Hammill, C. A. *St. John's, C. E.......L. P. Blodgett, C. *" N. F.......T. N. Molloy, C. " "....... Chas. Wills, V. C. " N. B....... D. B. Warner, C. St. Joao da Foz, Port.. S. J. Vasconcellos, C. A. St. Malo, France........ C. A. St. Manra, Greece......A. Slamatopulo, C. A. St. Marc, Hayti........F.W. Clapp, V. Corn. A. St. Martin, W. I.......C. Rey, C. St. Michael, Azores.... T. Hickling, C. A. St. Nazaire, France....J. Van Duym, C. A. St. Paul de Loando, Afr.A. A. Silva, Corn. A. " "F. A. Silva, V. C. A. *St.Pierre, Martinique. C. tPt" "brg H. David, V. C. S" Se Mique lon...J. P. Frecker, Con. A. " "...W. F. McLaughlin, V. C. A. *St.Petersburg, Russia.Geo. Pomutz, C. " ".J. Curti n, V. C. St. Stephen, N. B.....AL. G. M. Porter, C. A. St. Thomas, W. I.....T. T. Robeson, C. Saa" "...rr........ E. B. Simmons, V. C. S" Africa....D. L. Marsins, C. So" Ontario...Chas. M orrill, C. A. St. Valery, France........... C. A. St. Vincent, CapeV.Isl.Wm.. E. Huges, C. A. Stanstead, Canada..... C.... C.A. Stavanger, Norway.....T. Falk, C. A. Stettin, Prussia.......L. R. Roede r, C. " " C........ A. E. Wendt, V. C. Stockholm, Sweden... C. Strasbourge, Fr ance....E. Robinson, C. *Stuttgard,Wurtemb'gE. Klauprecht, C. Sunderland, England..H. Brown, C. A. Sverabaya, Java........S n Carl von Oven, C. A. Swansea, Wales.......I H. Morice, C. A. *Swatow, China.....J. C. A. W yingate, C. ;' "............ C. WV. Bradley, V. C. Swinemunde, Prussia.. A. Radman, C. A. Sydney, N. S. Wales...H. H. Hall, Corn. A. " Cape Breton..T. D. Archibald, C. A. Syra, Greece........... E. Sapouzaki, C. A. Syracuse, Sicily....... N. Stelle, C. A. Tabasco, Mexico.......F. M. Nemegyei, C. Taganrog, Russia......A. Sedemonte, C. A. Tahiti, Society Isl..M.....Francis A. Perkins, C. Talcahuano, Chili.....W. W. Randall, C. " "..... I. ISilvey, V. C. *Tamatave, Madag' car.J.P.Finkelmeir,Com.A. *Tampico, Mexico..... F. Chase, C. G. *Tangier, Morocco......J. R. HMcM ath, C. Taranto, Italy..........Ha C. T arragona, Spain...... A. Muller, C. A. Tarsus, Asia Minor....A. Debbas, C. A. Tehuantepec, Mexico..C. C. Finkier, C. Teneriffe, C a nar y Isl...W. H. Dabney, C. " "...B. Forstall, V. C. Terceira, Azores....... T. de Castro, C. A. Tetuan, Africa.............. J. S. Levy, Com. A. Thisted, Denmark.... J. Nyeborg, C. A. Tien Tsin, China.....C. C. *Toronto, C anada......D. WThurton, C. Toulon, France........ P. Andiffret, C. A. Trapani, Sicily......... O. Turbino, C. A. Trebisond, Tur. in A.. C. *Trieste, Austria...... A. W. Thayer, C. *Trinidadl de Cuba..... F. F. Cavada, C. ". "...... A. Von Uslar, V. C. Trinidad, (Island)...... R. P. Harmon, C. " "............... E. H. Fitt, V. C. *Tripoli, Africa........ W. Porter, C. " Syria.......... A. Yanuni, C. A. Tromso, Norway...... C. A. Truxillo, Honduras.... E. Prtidot, C. A. Tumaco, U. S. of Col..W. II. Wier, C. Tumbez, Peru......... E. R. Spriingman, C. *Tunis, Africa......... G. H. Heap, C. Tunstall, England.....T. Lewellyn, C. A. Turbo, U. S. of Col.... C. *Turk's Islands........ Oliver Mungen, C. Tutuila, Navigator's Is.I. Schwinke, V. C. A. Tyre, Syria............ Y. Akaad, C. A. Valencia, Spain........ L. H. Coit, C. *Valparaiso, Chili...... A. W. Clark, C. " "......... J. Silvey, V. C. Velez Malaga, Spain...J. R. Geary, C. A. Venice, Italy.......... Francis Colton, C. " "........... L. G. Mead, Jr., V. C, *Vera Cruz, Mexico.... E. H. Saulnier, C. " "..... A. S. Calderon, V. C, Verviers, Belgium..... C. Vianina, Portugal...... J. C. da Silva Lima,C.A. Victoria, V. I.......... A. Francis, C. Viegue, W. I........... Lane Garben, C. A. *Vienna, Austria...... P. S. Post, C. " "....... D. F. Koshammer, V. C. Vigo, Spain............ M. Barcena, C. Villa do Conde, Port... J. A. de Sousa, C. A. Villa Novo, Portugal.. M. de Guedes, C. A. Villa Real de San An tonio................ M. G. Roldan, C. A. Waterford, Ireland..... R. P. Williams, C. A. West Caicos, Turk's Is.S. Winter, C. A. West Hartlepool, Eng..C. Nielson, C. A. Weymouth, England... W. Roberts, C. A. Wexford, Ireland...... J. W. Walsh, a. A. Whampoa, China...... H. N. Blanchard, C. A. 88 11869. INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS. Windsor, N. S.........P.S. Burnham, C. A. Zanzibar, (Island)..... C. * " Canada......A. J. Stevens, C. " "......Francis R. Webb, V. C. Worcester, England...T. Southall, C. A. Zacatecas, Mexico.....G. M. Prevost, C. Wybourg, Finland.....J. Sparrow, C. A. Zante, Ionian Isles....A. S. York, C. Wyk-on-Fohr, Den....L. Heyman,.C. A. Zaza, Cuba............D. B. Iznaga, C. A. Yarmouth, N. S........L. S. Balkam, C. A. *Zurich, Switzerland.. Charles A. Page, C. The salaries of consular officers at Liverpool, London and Port Au Prince, are $7,500; at Havana, Havre, and Rio de Janeiro, $6,000; at Calcutta and Paris, $5,000, and at Honolulu, Melbourne, Monrovia, Montreal, Shanghai and St. Thomas, $4,000. At other places, from $500 to $3,500, or fees. DIPLOMATIC CORPS. Foreign Legations in the United States. Edward Thornton, C. B., Envoy ExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiary, Washington. Esquire, Secretary of Legation. (Absent.) Mr. Peere Williams Freeman,Esquire, Second Secretary. Mr. W. Fane, Second Secretary. Henry Howard, Esquire, Attache. FRANCE. M. J. Berthemy, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington. Comte de Turrene, Second Secretary. Viscomte d'Aulers, Attach6. Chevalier Roger de La Laude, Attache. M. P. Dejardmn, Chancellier. RUSSIA. Mr. Edward de Stoeckl, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. Mr. Waldemar de Bodisco, First Secretary, Charge d'Affaires. Mr. Boris Danzas, Second Secretary. Mr. Constantin de Bodisco, Attache. NETHERLANDS. M. A. Mazel, Minister Resident, Washington. Minister Plenipotentiary. Secretary of Legation. NICARAGUA AND HONDURAS. Don Ignacio Gomez, Minister Resident and Envoy Extraordinary. COSTA RICA. - Don Ezequiel Gutierrez, Charg6 d'Affaires, Washington. BRAZE. The Councillor Domingos Jose Gonsalves de Mugalhaens, E. E. and M. P., New York. Senhor Luiz Auguste de Padua Fl16ury, Charg6 d'Affaires, New York. Don Benjamin Franklin Torreao de Barros, Attach6 of the lst Class. MEXICO. Sefior............... Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington. Secretary of Legation and Charge d'Affaires, ad interim. Sefior Cayetano Romero, Attach6. CHILI. Sefior Mariano Sanchez Fontecilla, Charge d'Affaires, Washington. Sefor Juan Eduardo Mackenna, Secretary of Legation. Sefor Carlos Walker Martinez, Attache. VENEZUELA. Sefior Bias Brutzual, Envoy Extraordinaryand Minister Plenipotentiary, New York, Sefor Florencio Ribas, Secretary of Legation and Charge d'Affaires ad interim, New York. Commander Jose J. Roldan, first Attache. Seior Abraham J. Dorale, sec ond Attachr. UJNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. (Absent.) SPAIN. Seiior Don Facundo Goni, Envoy Extraordi nary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Washin Aogton. Senor Don Luis de Potestad, First Secretary. Sefor Don Enriqtue Valles, Second Secretary. Don P. Diez de Rivera, Attach6. AUSTRIA. Le Baron de Franchenstein, Charge d'Affaires ad interim, Washington. PRUSSIA. Baron von Gerolt. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington. CoLunt Lottom, Secretary of Legation. P. W. Biiddocke, Acting Chancellor. ITALY. Chev. M. Cerruti, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. Washington. Mr. R. Cantag-alli, Secretary of Legation. SWEDEN AND NORWAY. Baron de Wetterstedt, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington. DENdIrARK. F. E. Bille, Charg,e d'Affaires, Washington. 1869.1 89 GREAT BRITAIN. THIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. George Lawrence, Jr., in the employ of the Legation. ARGENTINE. Don Bartolome Mitre y Vedia, Secretary of Legation a,d Charg6 d'Affaires, ad interim. Don Alberto A. Halbach, Attache of the 1st class. Don Domingo E. de Sarratea, Attach6. PERU. Senor Don Jos6 Antonio Garcia y Garcia, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, New York. Mir. A. Benjamin Medina, First Secretary.of Legatio n. lr. Geo. B. Robinson, Attach6. LIBERIA. Henry M. Schieffelin, Esquire, Charg6 d'Affaires, New York. Williamni Coppinger, Secretary of Legation. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Charles Harris, Esquire, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, New York. GREECE. Mr. A. R. Rangab6, Envoy Extraordinary. (Absent.) Cleon Rizo Rangabe, Secretary of Legation, Washington. TURKEY. Blacque Bey, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington. Mr. Xenophon Baltazzi, Secretary of Legation. HAYTI. George Racster, Charg6 d'Affaires, and Consul General, New York. LIST OF FOREIGN CONSULS IN THE UNITED STATES. C. G., Consul General: V. C. G., Vice Consul General; C., Consul; V. C., Vice Consul; C. A., Consular Agent; V. C. A., Vice Consular Agent. Milwaukee.......... M. Von Baumbach, V. C. New Orleans........ Adolph Bader, C. New York........... G. H. Siemon, C. Philadelphia........ C. F. Hagedorn, C. G. San Francisco.......C. F. Mebius, C. St. Louis.......... Robert Barth, C. BELGIUM. Apalachicola.........W. G. Porter, V. C. Atlanta.............. Laurent DeGive, C. Baltimore...........G. O. Gorter, C. Boston.............. J. G. Bate s, C. Cincinnati...........P. Schuster, C. Charleston.......... Moris Seligman, C. Chicago............. J. F. Henr otin, C. Galveston...........A. H eydecker, C. Green Bay, Wis...... John B. A. Mass6, C. Louisville........... Ch. T. van der Espt, V. C. Mobile.............. H. V. H. Voorhees, C. New Orleans........ J. A. Quinitero, C. " i'........ Auwuste Noblom, V. C. New York........... H. W. T. Mali, C. G. "........... H. W. Mali, C. " "........... Charles Mali, C. Norfolk............ Duncan Robertson, C. Philadelphia......... G. E. Saurmann, C. M" lu........ Gustacve E. Matile, V. C. Portland............ T. A. Deblois, C. Richmond........... Emile 0. Noltin% C. Savannah.......... W. O'Driscoll, C. San Francisco....... Emlie Grisar, C. St. Louis............ P. Hurck, C. BRAZIL. L. H. F. de Aguiar, C. G. Baltimore........... C. Oliver O'lDonnell, V. C. Boston............... Archibald Foster, C. Charleston.......... Eugene Huchet, V. C. New London........ C. Griffin, V. C. New Orleans........ Andrew F. Elliott, V. C. New York........... C. J. Ludmann, V. C. Norfolk.............. M. Myers, V. C. Philadelphia......... E. S. Sayres, V. C. Pensacola.......... Wm. H. Judah V. C. Providence.......... G. S. Wardweli, V. C. Richmond........... H. K. Baldwin, V. C. San Francisco....... A. N. Byfield, V. C. Savannah............ Jas. W. McDonald, V. C. "........... Edwin E. Itertz, V. C. A. ANHALT DESSAU, DUCHY OI, Chicago.............H. Claussenius, C. Milwaukee......... Adolph Rosenthal, C. New York......... Frederick Kuhne, C. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Baltimore.......... C. M. Stewart, C. Boston..............D. D. Stackpole, C. Charleston......... M. A. Pringle, C. New York......... E. F. Davison, C. Philadelphia........N. Frazier, C. Portland......... Andres Spring, C. Savannah......... Carlos Heinsius, C. AUSTRIA. Baltimore.......... F. D. Kremelberg, V. C. Boston..............I. H. Gossler, V C. Galveston......... Julius Kaufman, V. C. Mobile..............J. E. Dumont, V. C. Milwaukee......... Moritz Baumbach, V. C. New Orleans........Adolphus Bader, C. New York......... Charles Loosey, C. " "...........Charles F. Loosey, C. G. Norfolk..............Edward T. Hardy, V. C. Philadelphia........S. M. Waln, V. C. Richmond......... Edward W. de Voss, V. C. Savannah........... A. Low, V. C. St. Louis........... Robert Barth, V. C. BADEN. Baltimore......... Werner Dresel, C. Cincinnati......... C. F. Adae, C. Louisville......... John Smidt, C. Milwaukee......... L. von Baumbach, C. "..........M. von Baumbach, V. C. New Orleans........ Adolf Bader, C. New York......... Leopold Schmidt, C. G. ". ".......... Leopold Schmidt, V. C. Philadelphia........C. F. Hagedorn, C. San Francisco.......H. Haussmann, C. St. Louis........... Roberth Barth, C. BAVARIA. Baltimore......... Werner Dresel, C. Boston..............John Schumacher, C. Chicago.............Charles Vergoe, C. Cincinnati......... Charles A. G. Adare, C. Louisville.......... J. Smidt, C. Milwaukee.......... L. von Baumbach, C. 90 INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS. Washington......... A. T. Kiechoefer, V. C. Wilmington.........Oscar G. Parsley, V. C. B3REMEN. Baltimore...........A. Schumacher, C. G. Boston............. Johannes Schumacher, C. Charlestonl.......... Chas. E. Wunderlich, C. Galveston...........Julius Kauffman, C. Indianola, Texas.... H. A. H. Runge, C. Key West...........R. W. Welch, V. C. New Orleans........F. Rodewald, C. New York...........Gustav Schwab, C. Philadelphia........Johann H. Harjes, C. Edward W. de Voss, C. San Francisco.......C. A. C. Duisenlburg,C C. Savannah............Heinrich Muller, C. St. Louis............J. Wolf, C. BRUNSWICK AND LUNEBURG. Cincinnati...........Carl Schmidt, C. Chicago............ F. A. Hoffmann, C. Cleveland...........Adolph Rettbe rg, C. Milwaukee..........Adolph Rosenthal, C. New Orleans........Joseph Lang, C. New York...........G. J. Bechtel, C. G. Philadelphia........C. F. Hagedorn, C. St. Louis............Robert Barth, C. Herman Beckurts, C. BOLIVIA. New York..........Jos6 M. Munoz, C. CHILI. Baltimore........... R. B. Fitzgerald, C. Boston............ H. V. Ward, C. Philadelphia........F. V. Cleeman, C. San Francisco.......Enrique Barroilhet, C. COSTA RICA. Boston............ A. C. Garsia, C. Key West............E. J. Gomez, C. Louisville, Ky.......Allan A. Burton, C. New Orleans........Jose A. Quintero, C. New York...........Royal Phelps, C. G. " "............Gustavo Theisen C. Philadelphia........S. M. Wain, C. DENMARK. Alexandria..........James Dempsey, V. C. Baltimore...........Martin Lewis, V. C. Bath, Me............John E. Brown, V. C. Boston............. E. C. Hammer, V. C. Chicao............Emil Drier, V. C. Cincinnati...........George H. Garlichsi, V. C. "........... J. F. Meline, V. C. Charleston..........Chas. E. Wunderlich, Y.C. Milwaukee..........C. F. J. Moiller, V. C. Mobile............. Robert V. Searing, V. C. New Orleans........H. Frellsen, C. New York...........Henry Braem, V. C. '........... Harold Dollner, C. Norfolk............ George C. Reid, C. Pensacola............N.H. Holmes, V. C. Philadelphia........E. S. Sayres, V. C. San Francisco.......G. O'Hara Taaffe, C. Savannah............C. M. Holst, V. C. St. Louis............John E. Schuetz, V. C. St. Paul............ Theodore Borup, V. C. Washington.........J. C. Kondrup, V. C. Wilmington.........Silas N. Martin, V. C. D OMINICA. New York........... Jose F. Dasora. C. New York........... N. R. Ansado, V. C. Philadelphia........ E. F. Sweetser, C. San Francisco.......Daniel Wolffe, C. " "............C. Ballen. V. C. Washington......... J. H. Canusten, C. FRANCE:. BaltimLore........... Amedee SaFvan, V. C. Bosson.............. J. E. Sanchard, C. Charleston, S. C..... Alex. B. de Bughas, C. Chicano............. Edmund Cary, V. C. CiLciAPiati........... Armand Peugnet, V. C. "...........Ravin d'Elpeux, V. C. A. Galveston........... Chas. Faucoillet, V. C. 1..........H. P. de St. Cyr, V. C. A. Key West............ Fernando MCoreno, V. C. Louisville........... J. J. Perriin, C. A. Mlobile.............. A. de la Forest, C. .............. Jules Phillippe, V. C. A. ............... J. A. H. Poitevini, C. A. Xonterey............ J. Lombard, C. A. 'New Orleans........ E. N. M. Godeaux, C. Newport and Provi dence............. F. Gourand, V. C. Newport............ J. M. Perrier, C. A. New York........... Gauldre6 Boilleau, C. G. Norfolk.............. P. Schisano, V. C. ".............. Leon Schisano, C. A. Philadelphia........ F. C. A. L. de la Forest, C. Portland............ E. P. Le Prohon, C. A. Richmond.......... Jean Baptiste Sauvan, C. San Francisco....... Chas. F. de Cazotte, C. Savannah............ Frederic Chastanet, C. A. St. Louis............H. Levasseur, V. C. A. Wilmington, N. C... Jacob Loeb, C. A. GREAT BRITAIN. Baltimore.......... H. T. A. Rainals, C. Boston............. Francis Lousada, C. Buffalo..............H. W. Hemans, C. Charleston........... Henry P. Walker, C. Chicago.............. John E. Wilkins, C. Galveston........... Arthur T. Lynn, C. Mobile.............. F. J. Cridland, C. New Orleans........ Dennis Doiiohoe, C. New York........... E. M. Archibald, C. Philadelphia........ Chas. E. K. Kortright, C. Portland........... Henry J. M urray, C. Richmond........... George Moore, C. San Francisco....... Wm. L. Booker, C. Savannah............ Wm. T. Smith, C. GREECE. Boston.............. J. M. Rodocanachi, C. New Orleans........ Nicholas Beilachi, C. New York........... D. N. Botassis, C. St. Louis............ C. P. Ralli, V. C. GUATEMALA. Boston.............. P. Grant, C. New Orleans........E. J. Gomez, C. New York........... Bartolom6 Blanco, C. G. ".'...........Teodoro Manara, C. Philadelphia..........S. M. Wain, C. San Francisco....... Guillermo Rabe, C. HIAMIBURG. Baltimore........... A. Schumacher, C. G. i........... F. Rodewald, C. Boston..............J. H. Gossler, C. "......I....... C. Knorre. V. C. Charleston.......... Charles Witte, C. Cincinnati...........J. F. Meline. C. Galveston...........J. W. Jockusch, C. Indiano]a. Texas....H. Ringe, C. Key West............R. W. Welch. V. C. Mobile.............. H. A. Schroeder, C. ECUADOR. Boston..............Seth Bryant, C. New Orleans........James Gardette, C. New York...........Gregorio Dominguez, C. 91 1869.] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. New Orleans........Charles Kock, C. New York......... H. R. Kunlhardt, C. Philadelphia........August Cohen, C. Richmond........... H. Ludlam, C. San Francisco.......Gustav Ziel, C. Savannah........... F. Schuster, C. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Boston.............. Henry A. Peirce, C. New York......... Samuel W. F. Odlell, C. G. San Francisco.......H. W. Severance, C. Cincinnati......... George H. Garlichs, C. Galveston........H. h.I Klaener, C. New Orleans........F. Kirchoff, C. ..."..........E. F. Stoclkmeyer, V. C. New York........... Gco. C. Voss, C. Phliladelphia........J. II. Ialrjes, C. San Francisco.......C. F. MR ebius, C. MECKLLENBURG SCHWVERIN. Boston.............. George Papendiek, C. Chicago............ II. Ciaussenius, C. Cincinnati.......... C. F. Adae, C. Galveston........... I-. Schultz, C. Milwaukee.......... L. von Baumbach, C. "..........vM. on Baumilbach, V. C. New York........... Friedrich Kuhne, C. G. New Orleans........ August Richard, C. Philadelpyhia........ F. fI. IIarjes, C. San Francisco....... J. de Fremery, C. St. Louis............ Robert Barth, a. HAYTI. Bangor, Me......... Albert Emerson, C. Boston..............B. C. Clark, C. New York......... Louis A. de P. Ferrandi,C. " "g..........Ellwo od Cooper, C. A. Washington......... George Raster, C. G. HESSE DAARMSTADT. Baltimore.......... Werner Dresel, C. Chicago.............August Beck, C. Cincinnati......... C. F. Adae, C. Galveston.......... J. W. Iockusch, V. C. Louisville.......... John Smidt, C. Milwaukee......... L. vonll Baumbach, C. "..........A. Moni Baumbach, V. C. New Orleans........August Reichard, C. New York......... F. W. Keutgen, C. Philadelphia........C. F. Hagedorn, C. G.o Pittsburg......... Heinrich Moser, C. San Francisco.......Gustav Ziel, C. St. Louis........... Roberth Barth, C. MECRLENBURG STP.ELITZ. Cincinnati........... Carl F. Adae, C. New York...........Fr iedrich Kuhne, C. MEXICAN REPUBLIC. Baltimore...........J. A. Pizarro, V. C. Boston............. J. E. F. Fallon, V. C. Brownsville, Texas.J. I. Castillo, d. " ".C. M. Treviino, V. C. Charleston.......... F. MontaSner, V. C. Franklin, TexCas......... Ricardo Ramires, V. C. Galveston........... C. F. Gonzalez, V. C. Mobile.............. C. L. Le Baron, V. C. New Orleans........ Francisco Riband, C. G. "............Ramon S. D)iaz, C. New York........... Juan N. Navarro, C. G. "........... R. de Rafael, C. " "............ B. A. y Cuevas, V. C. Pensacola........... Fl. Moreno, V. C. Philadelphia........ F. Merino, V. C. Pittsburg.:........... J. Herbert, V. C. San Francisco....... Jose A. Godoy, C. .."........ W. E. Barron, V. C. San Antonio de Bexar.............. Miguel Zaragoza, C. Santa Fe............ M. Armenddlr, C. St. Louis............ P. J. Marallano, V. C. MONACA, PRINCIPALITY OFI. New York........... Louis Borg, C. HONDURAS. California...........William V. Wells, C. G. New York........Simon Camacho, C. ITALY. Baltimore...........C. A. Williamson, V. C. Boston.............. Nicholas Reggio, V. C. "..............Gustavo M. Fiiiotti, C. A. Charleston.......... E. L. Trenholm. V. C. Chicago.............Giovana Luigi Cella, C. A. ..Augusto Freden, C. A. Galveston...........Carlo F. Jenni, V. C. Key West........... William Pinkney., V. C. Louisville...........Nicola Nicholas, V C. Memphis............ G A. Signaigo, V. C. Mobile..............Georgio Aite, V. C. New Orleans........F. Sanminiatelli, V. C. New York...........Ferdinando de Luca, C.G. ...............G. L. Avezzana, V. C. Norfolk............. Duncan Robertson, C. Philadelphia........Alonzo Viti, V. C. Richmond........... Daniel von Groning, V. C. San Francisco.......G. B. Cerruti, C. St. Louis............ L. A. J. B. Paris, V. C. " "................ avid Tandy, C. A. Vicksburg...........Natale Piazza, V. C. NETHERLANDS. Baltimore...........Claas Vocke, C. Boston..............G. Lootz, C. Charleston..........Chas E. Wunderlich, C. Cincinnati..........G.. GH. garlichs, C. Keolkuk, Iowa F.......Nicholaus Anslyn, V. C. Key West...........C. O. Hara, V. C. Mobile.............. J. I. Van Wanroy, C. New Orleans........ Amede Conturin, C. New York........... Rudolph C. Burfage, C. G. .. "........... J. E. Zimmerman, V. C. G. Norfolk.............. M. Myers, C. Philadelphia........ L. Westergaard, C. San Francisco....... J. de Fremery, C. Savannah........... Carl Epping, V. C. St. Louis............ B. B. Haagsma, C. Washington......... Alfred Schucking, V. C. Wis., Mich., Minn...J. F. V. Dorselin, C. JAPAN. San Francisco....... Charles W. Brooks, C. LIBERIA. New York........... John B. Pinney, C. G. LIPPE, PRINCIPALITY OF. New York........... Friedrich Kuhne, C. NICARAGUA. Baltimore........... O. O'Donnell, C. New Orleans........ E. G. Gomez, C. New York........... Juan J. Barril, C. G. San Francisco....... Jos7 A. Godoy, C. LUBECK. Baltimore...........H. von Kapff, C. Boston..............I. C. Lauterback, C. Charleston..........J. L. H. Thiermann, C. 92 [1869. INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS. New York...........Guido von Grabow, C. G. "...........E. von der Heydt, C. Philadelphia........ Carl Vezin, C. Richmond...........F. W. Halnewinckel, C. San Francisco.......H. Hanssmann, C. Savannah...........F. Chuster, C. St. Lou is............Robert Barth, C. St. Paul, Minn......Ferdinand Willius, C. OLDENBURG. Baltimore......... Charles Bulline, C. Boston..............H. O. S. Cuntz, C. Charleston......... C. E. Wunderlch, C. Cincinnati..........C. F. Adae, C. Galveston......... J. Friedrich, C. Key West.......... R. W. Welch, V. C. Louisville......... Theodore Schwartz, C. Milwaukee......... L. von Baumbach, C. Milwaukee......... M. von Baumbach, V. C. New Orleans........Ferdinand Motz, C. New York......... J. W. Schmidt, C. G. Philadelphia........C. F. Hagedorn, C. San Francisco.......H. Hanssmann, C. Savannah.......... Heinrich Muller, C. St. Louis........... Robert Barth, C. REUSS, Y OUNGER LINE. Baltimore...........Guido Fuchs, C. Milwauikee..........Adolph Rosenthal, C. New York.......... Friedrich Kuhne, C. ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY. Baltimore......... Prudencio Murguionda, C. Boston..............Charles Soule, r., V. C. Charleston......... G. L. Lowden, V. C. Galveston......... F. A. Stokes, V. C. Mobile..............C. J. Mansony, V. C. New Orleans........A. F. Valls, V. C. New York......... Carlos E. Leland, C. Philadelphia........ B. W. Frazier, V. C. San Francisco.......T. P. Hamilton, C. " ".......Edwin C. B. Garsia, C. G. ROMEE OR PONTIFICAL STATES. Baltimore........... J. P. Scott, V. C. Boston.............. N. Reggio, V. C. Charleston.......... Edward Mottet, V. C. Cincinnati.......... J. P. Meline, V. C. New Orleans........ Alexis Robert, C. " "........ H. Perrot, V. C. New York........... L. B. Binsse, C. G. Norfolk............. W. D. Senac, V. C. Philadelphia........ Geo. Allen, V. C. Savannah........... S. Wright,'V. C. RUSSIA. Baltimore........... Augustus Kohler, V. C. Boston............. R. B. Storer, V. C. Charleston..........J. Leland, V. C. Galveston........... Ferdinand Wolff, V. C. Mobile........... A. I. Kleinbach, V. C. New Archangel...... Capt. Kashull, C. Sitka............. Prince Maksioutoff, C. New Orleans.....Edward Johns, C. d" ".h.......d. Johann F. Schroder, V. C. New York........... Charles von der Osten Sacken, C. G. ~~~" ". Robert Schultze, V. C. Philadelphia.'......Henry Preaut, V. C. San Francisco....... M. Klinkowstroem, V. C. Savannah........... J. R. Wilder, V. C. PARAGUAY. New York........... Richard Mullowney, C. PERU. Baltimore...........R. B. Fitzgerald, C. B oston............ G. B. Newberry, C. Charleston..........Adolphe A. Cay, C. New York...........Jose Carlos Tracy, C. S" "...........Arna ldo Marquez, C. G. Philadelphia........ F. de P. Suarez, C. San Francisco....... Matero Ramirez, C. " "....... Enrique Barroilhet, V. C. PORTUGAL. Baltimore...........Robert Lehr, V. C. Bangor, Me..........Thos. J. Stewart, V. C. Boston............ Archibald Foster, V. C. Charleston..........Pierre J. Esnard, V. C. Mobile............ C. Le Baron, V. C. New Bedford, Mass.. George Hussey, Jr., V. C. New Orleans........Antonio J. da Silva, V. C. New York...........Ludwig E. Amsinck, V. C. New London, Ct....Wm. W. Harris, V. C. Norfolk............ Nathaniel Burruss, V. C. Pensacola...........Jule Pascay, V. C. Philadelphia........E. S. Sayres, V. C. San Francisco.......John Searle, C. Savannah...........Joaquin de Palma, V. C. Sprinfield, Ill.......Jose M. Bernes, V. C. St. Augustine........Wm. H. Allen, V. C. Wilmington.........Wm. L. de Rosset, V. C. A. M. da C. S. Maior, C. G. SAXE COBURGG AND GOTHA. Chicago............ F. A. Hoffmann, C. Cincinnati..........Charles Schmidt, C. La Crosse, Wis...... Adelbert Moeller, C. New York...........C. E. L. Hinrichs, C. " ".......... Friedrich Kuhnie, C. Philadelphia........C. F. Hazedorn, C. San Francisco....... Herman Michels, C. St. Louis............ Robert Barth, C. SAXE MEININGEN. Chicago............. F. A. Hoffmann, C. Cincinnati.......... C. F. Adae, C. Milwaukee.......... M. von Bauimbach, C. New York........... Friedrich Kuhne, C. San Francisco....... Herman Michels, C. PRUSSIA. Baltimore.......... Werner Dressel, C. Boston.......... 1. H. Gossler, Jr., C. ".............. F. A. Hersch, V. C. Charleston........ W. H. Trappmann, C. Chicago.............H. Claussenius, C. Cincinnati...........C. F. Adae, C. Galveston.......... J. W. Jockusch, C. Key West.......... R. W. Welch, V. C. Louisville....... J. von Borries, C. Milwaukee........ Adolph Rosenthal, C. New Orleans........Jean Kruttschnitt, C. New Bedford........Geo. Hussey, V. C. 1869.] 93 REUSS, ELDEP. LiNiE:. New York........... Friedricli. Kuhne, C. SALVADOR. Juan T. Schepeler, C. G. New York........... Jos6 J. Ribon-'C. San Francisco....... R. W. Heath, C. SAXE ALTENBURG. Chicgo.............. H. Clausselilus, C. Cincinnati.......... C. F. Adae, C. Milwaukee.......... M. von Baumbach, C. New York........... Friedrich Kuhne,'V. C. 11 11........... Carl E. L. Hiiirichs, C. St. Louis............ Robert Barth, C.' THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Chicago........... P. L. Hawkinson, V. C. Cincinnati.......... G. H. Garlichs, V. C. Decorah, Iowa....... G. T. Lornmeni, V. C. Key West...........J.. Packer, V. C. La Crosse, Wis...... C. O. Nilson, V. C. Madison, Wis....... K. Y. Fleischer, V. C. Mobile.............. R. Westfeldt, V. C. New Orleans......... S. M. Svenson, V. C. ";............Wmi. M. Perkins, V. C. New York........... C. E. Habicht, C. " "........... Chas. G. Youngberg, V. C. Norfolk............. C. Schwarzkoph, V. C. Pensacola........... C. F. Boysen, V. C. Philadelphia........ E. S. Sayres, V. C. San Frai-cisco....... G. C. Johnson, C. G. "; ";....... G. O'Hara Taaffe, V. C. Savannah............ C. M. Holst, V. C. St. Lotuis............ John E. Schuetze, V7. C. St. Paul, Minn...... Theodore Borup, V. C. Virginia............. D. Robertson, V. C. SAXONY. Baltimore.......... Werner Dresel, C. Boston..............Charles J. Cazinove, V. C. Chicao............. H. Claussenius, C. Cincinnati..........C. F. Adae, C. Galveston......... Julius Kauiffinan, C. Louisville, Ky....... Tleodor Schwartz, C. Milwaukee......... M. von Baumbach, C. New Orleans........Chas. H. Pandori, C. New York......... Johann W. Schmidt, C. G. " "11..........Leopold Schmidt, C. Philadelphia........H. T. Plate, C. San Francisco.......Herman Michels, C. St. Louis........... Robert Barth, C. SAXxE WEImXAR. Chicago............F A. Hoffmann, C. Cincinnati.......G. H. Garlichs, C. Dist. of Columbia...C. F. Hagedorn, C. Milwaukee......... M. von Baumbach, C. Mobile..............Julius Sampson, C. New York...........Friedrich Kuhne, C. G. San Francisco.......Herman Michels, C. St. Louis........... Robert Barth, C. SWITZERLAND. Charleston.......... Henri MAeyer, C. Chicago............. Ilenri Enderis, C. "............. Louis Boerlin, V. C. Cincinnati.........Jacques Rietschy, C. Galveston...........I Henri Rosenberg, V. C. IIighland, Ill........C onstant Rilliet, C. New Orleans........ A. Piaget, C. New York........... L. P. de Luze, C. " "........... Adrien Iselin C. Philadelphia........R. Korradi, C. "........P. J. Wildberger, V. C. San Francisco....... Francois Berton, C. M ".......... Alexis de Stouts, V. C. St. Louis............ C. F. iutthey, C. . "........... David C. Jaccard, V. C. Washington.........John Hitz, C. G. SCHAUMBERG LIPPE. Chicago.............Godfrey Snydacker, C. Cincinnati........ C. F. Adae, C. Philadelphia........Carl Messing, C. SCHWARZBURG RUDOLSTADT. Chicago.............H. Clautsseniis, C. Milw ukee.......... Adolph RoseCnthal, C. New York........... Friedrich Kuhnie, C. SCCHWARZBURG SONDERSHAUSEN. Chicago............ H. Clautssenius, C. Milwaukee..........Adolph Rosenthal, C. New York...........Friedrich Kuhne, C. TURI(EY. Boston.............. J. Jasigi, C. New York...........J. Iloslord Smith, C. "...........C. Oscanyan, C. G. Washington and Baltimore......... George A. Porter, C. Baltimore........... J. A. Pizarro, V. C. Bangor..............E. T. Fox, C. Boston..............A. G. Vega, C. "..............Frederico Granados, V. C. Charleston......... A. Vinyals, C. Galveston......... AAugustin Roderignez, C. ".......... Benj. Theron, V. C. Key West........Vincente Cubell, C. Machias, Me.......Inatius Sargent, V. C. Mobile............. maon Orbeta, C. New Orleans........Isedoro Millas, C. " "..... Don J. de A. Sanmartin, V. C. New York......... J. M. de. Satrustegni, C. . ".......... F. de Carpiy Cabrera, V. C. Norfolk.............D. Robertson, V. C. Pensacola......... C. L. le Barron, V. C. Philadelphia........Don Pablo, Chacon, C. G. "........Jose6 A. de Lavalle, C. Portland, Me........Antonio M. de Zea, C. Portsmouth, N. H.. R. 0. Treadwell, V. C. San Francisco....... Camilo Martin, V. C. Savannah......... Luis Cassaval, V. C. St. Louis........... Robert H. Betts, V. C. UNITE D STATES OF COLOooBIA. Baltimore........... R. A. Fisher, C. Now Orleans........ J. E. Beylle, C. New York...........Juan B. Abello, C. G. " "......... S. DeWitt Bloodgood, C. 11............. J. G. Ribon, V. C. Philadelph'ia........ J. M. R.,de Pori-as, C. San Franicisco....... Francisco Herrera, C. VENEZUELA. Baltimore........... J. II. Strohm, C. Boston.............. S. G. Whitney, C. New Orleans........G. B. I)ieter, C. New York........... Florencio Ribas, C. Philadelphia........ Leon de la Cova, C. WURTEMBERG. Ann Arbor.......... A. Widenmann, C. Baltimore........... Werner Dresel. C. Cincinnati.......... Carl F. Adae, C. Galveston........... F. A. Sauters, C. Louisville......... John Smidt, C. Milwaukee......... L. Von Baumbach. C. New Orleans........Friederich KlulnLpo), C. New York........... Leopold Bierwirth, C. G. Pliiladelphia........ Wmi. L. Kiderlini, C. San Franciico....... Isaac Warmser, C St. Louis............ Robert Barth, C. SWEDEN AND NORWAY. Alexandria......... James Dempsey, V. C. Auistin, Texas....... S. Palm, V. C. B-,timore......... Martin Lewis, V. C. B)ston..............Gjert Lootz, V. C. Charleston......... C. O. Witte, V. C. 04 [IS(19. SPAIN. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. Secretary's Oice. The Secretary of the Treasury is charged with the general supervision of the fiscal transactions of the government, and the execution of the laws concerning commerce and navigation; the survey of the coast; the light-house establishment; the marine hospitals of the United States, and the construction of certain public buildings for custom-house and other purposes. The First Comptroller prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering accounts for the civil and diplomatic service, as well as the public lands, and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. The Second Comptroller prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the accounts of the army, navy, and Indian departments of the public service, and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. The Commissioner of the Customs prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the account of the customs, revenue, and disbursement, and for the building and repairing custom-houses, etc., and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. The First Auditor receives and adjusts the accounts of the customs, revenue and disbursements, appropriations, and expenditures on account of -the civil list, and under private acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the Commissioner of the Customs and the First Comptroller respectively for their decision thereon. The Second Auditor receives and adjusts all accounts relating to the pay, clothing, and recruiting of the army, as well as the armories, arsenals and ordnance, and all accounts relating to the Indian department, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. The Third Auditor receives and adjusts all accounts for subsistence of the army, fortifications, military academy, military roads, and the quarter-master's department, pensions, and claims arising from military services previous to 1816, and for horses, and other property lost in the military service, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. The Fourth Auditor adjusts all accounts for the service of the Navy Department, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. The Fifth Auditor adjusts all accounts for diplomatic and similar services performed under the direction of the State Department, and reports the balances to the First Comptroller for his decision thereon. The Sixth Auditor adjusts all accounts arising from the service of the Post Office Department. His decisions are final, unless an appeal is taken within twelve months to the First Comptroller. He superintends the collection of all debts due the Post Office Department, and all penalties imposed on postmasters and mail contractors for failing to do their duty. He directs suits and legal proceedings, civil and criminal, and takes legal measures to enforce the prompt payment of money due to the department; instructing attorneys, marshals, and clerks relative thereto; and receives returns from each term 1869.] 95 THiE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. of the United States Courts of the condition and progress of such suits and legal proceedings; has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the United States in payment of debts due to the Post Office Department, and has power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United States. The Treasurer receives and keeps the moneys of the United States in his own office, and that of the depositories, and pays out the same upon warrants drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury, countersigned by the First Comptroller, and upon warrants drawn by the Postmaster-General, and countersigned by the Sixth Auditor, and recorded by the Register. He also holds public moneys advanced by warrant to disbursing officers, and pays out the same upon their checks. The Register keeps the accounts of public receipts and expenditures; receives the returns, and makes out the official statement of commerce and navigation of the United States; and receives from the First Comptroller and Commissioner of Customs all accounts and vouchers decided by them, and is charged by law with their safe-keeping. The Solicitor superintends all civil suits commenced by the United States, (except those arising in the Post Office Department,) and instructs the United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in all matters relating to them, and their results. He receives returns from each term of the United States Courts, showing the progress and condition of such suits; has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the United States in payment of debts, (except those assigned in payment of debts due to the Post Office Department,) and has power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United States. The Light-IHouse Board. The Secretary of the Treasury is ex officio, president of this board. It directs the building and repairing of light-houses, light-vessels, buoys, and beacons, contracts for supplies of oil, etc. United States Coast Survey. The coast survey officer is charged with the superintendence of the survey of the coast of the United States, and its superintendent is the superintendent of weights and measures. The Comptroller of the Currency hascharge of every thing connected with the issuing of money. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue has charge of all matters connected with the Tax Laws. The Supervising Architect has charge of the construction of public buildings. The Special Commissioner of Revenue is required by law to investigate the sources of national revenue, the best methods of collecting revenue, the administration of existing revenue laws, and the relation of foreign. trade to domestic industry. CHIEF OFFICERS IN TREASURY DEPARTMENT.* Secretary of the Treasury.................RHUGH MCCULLOCIIH.........................$8,000 Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.......JOHN F. HARTLEY...........................3,500 Chief Clerk.............................. WILLIAM H. WEST.........................2,200 Special Comnmissioner of Revenue.........DAVID A. WELLS.............................4,000 * Corrected at Treasury Department, Oct. 1868. 96 [1869. COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS. Superviny Arch7itect...................... A. B. MULLETT............................ $3,000 Assistant Architect.................B. OERTLEY.................................2,000 Director of Bureau of Statistics........... ALEXANDER DELMAR (a)..................... 3,500 Chief Clerk..................... DW..DILTON HAINES.................. 2,000 First Comptroller......................... R. W. TAYLOR.....................3,000 Chief Clerk..............................W. H. JONES................................2,000 First Auditor............................ T. L. SMITH................................3,000 Chief Clerk..............................DAVID W. MAHON........................... 2,000 Second Auditor...........................E. B. FRENCH...............................3,000 Chief Clerk..............................F. ANDREWS................................. 2,000 Third Auditor...........................JOHN WILSON...............................3,000 Chief Clerk..............................A. M. GANGEWER...........................2,000 Fourth Auditor..........................S. J. W. TABOR.............................3,000 Chief Clerk........................WILLIAM B. Moor.........................2,000 Fifth Auditor...........................C. M. WALKER..............................3,000 Chief Clerk.............................. T. M. SMITH................................2,000 Sixth Auditor............................ H. J. ANDERSON............................3,000 Chief Clerk..............................J. M. MCGREW............................. 2,000 Treasurer of the United Siates............FRANCIS E. SINNER........................5,000 Asst. Treasurer of thle United Stales.....L. R. TUTTLE...:...........................2,500 Register of the Treasury................ N. L. JEFFRIES..............................3,000 Assistant Register of the Treasitry........J. A. GRAHAM...............................2,000 Chief Clerk..............................B. F. RITTENHOUSE.........................2,000 Counptroller of the Currecy...................H. R. HULBURD................ 5,000 Depu ty Comptroller................JOH JAY KNOX......................... 2,500 Chief First Division.....................S. M. CLARIK................................ Commissioner Internal IRevenue...........EDWARD,A. ROLLINS........................4,000 Deputy Commissioner Internal Revenue.. THOMAS HARLAND............................2,500 " " " "...;GEoRGE PARNELL........................... 2,500 ;;- " -" -~ "...J. E. RISLEY................................ 2,500 Solicitor of the Treasury..................EDWARD JORDAN............................3,500 Assistant Solicitor of the Treasur7y........H. A. RISLEY............................. 3,000 Chief Clerk..............................B. F. PLEASANTS............................2,000 Commissio7er of Customs.................N ATHAN SARGENT...........................3,000 Chief Clerk..............................THOMAS FERAN.............................2,000 Apointment Clerk.......................C. EATON CREECY...........................1,800 COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMIS AT THE DIFFERENT PORTS. Pensacola.......Benj. D. Wright......... St. Augustine...Andrew J. Goss......... St. John's.......Paran Moody............ St. Mark's....... Thos. A. Stayner........ GEORGoIA. Brunswick...... M. B. Holland........... Savannah.......James Johnson.......... St. Mary's.......John J. Godfrey........ INDIANA. Evansviile........ Isaac Casselberry*....... $950 Michig,an City...Thomas Jernegah*....,. New Albany.....Jacob Anthony*.......... ILLINOIS. Alton........... James Newman*........... 800 Cairo............ Daniel Arter.............. 8W0' Chicago......... Walter B. Scates........ 2,730 Galena..........Daniel Wann*............49 Peoria...........Robert L. Farr*...........30 Quincy..........Elisha B. Hamilton*......55m ALABAMAA. Mobile......... Albert Elmore........ Selma............ E. Morgan*........... ALASKA. Sitka........... Hiram Ketchum, Jr...... CALIFORNIA. San Francisco... J. F. Miller.............$6,400 CONNECTICUT. Fairfield.........John Brooks............. 1.830 Middletown.....Origen Utley............ 1,515 New Haven......Jas. F. Babcock.........3,000 New London....Edward Prentiss.........3,057 Stonington......George Hubbard..........650 DELAWARE;. Wilmington.....T. F. Crawford..........3,500 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Georgetown.....J. A. M agruder..........3,000 FLORIDA. Apalachicola... A. W. Chapman......... Fernandina.....Geo. S. Roux............ Key West.......Charles Howe...........1,528 (a) Until January, 1S69. 7 i189.] 97 'IowA.I Buirlington......J. C. Abercrombie*.......500 Dulbuquie........ Jesse M. Harrison*........378 Keokulk.........John Stannus*........... 400 * Surveyors. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. KET YOswego.........A. Van Dyck......... $2,500 ()gdenlsburg...... George Parker........... 2,500 Plattsburg..... J. Parmenter............ Rochester.......Thomas Parsons......... Sag Harbor......W. S. Havens............ Susp. Bridge.... F. Spaulding............ 2,500 Proy............. Leo Kirchnl er........... NORTII CAROLINA. eaufort........ John A. Hedrick........1,991 Edenton........ C. G. Maing........... Newbern........ R. W. King.............. Wilmington.....Denard Rumley.......... M OHIO. incinnati.......George W. Neff*........ 1800 Dleveland........J. C. Graniniss........... 21500 Moledo.......... Patrick S. Sleoin.........2,500 Sandusky....... John Youngs............... 2,500 OREGON. Astoria.......... Alanson Hinman........3,000 Chester......... Simon Litzenburg*...... PENNSYLVANIA. Erie.............Thomas Wilkins.........2,500 Philadelphia..... Jos. W. Cake............ 6,000 Pittsburgh...... G. C. McLean*........... 1,500 RHIO)DE ISLAND. Bristol &Warren W. R. Taylor............ 1,428 East Greenwich.Joseph Spencer*......... Newvport.........S. W. Macy.............. 1,558 North Kingston..Asa B. Waite*........... Pawcatuck...... George D. Cross*........ Pawtuxet........W. W. Gorton........... Providence...... Charles Anthony........ 2,195 Tivertoni........ Cyrcnius Bliss*.......... Warren......... IIeinry W. Gladding*.... SOUTH CAIROLINA. Charleston...... A. G. Mackey........... Georetown.....Henry F. Heriot......... Port oyal......James L. Barnwell...... 1,500 TENNESSEE. Nashville........ John M. Byers........... Memphis........ D. C. Tradter*............ 3,000 TEXAS. Brownsville.....A. A. Crawford........... Corpus Christi... Thomas W. Ward....... El Paso.......... Wm. W. Mills........... Galveston....... Con stan t K. H all........ Indianola....... James W. Hancock...... La Vaca......... Wm. S. Chichester....... Saluria.......... Charles Taylor.......... Velasco.........W m. C. Wagley*........ VERMONT. Burlington...... G. J. Stannard........... 1,000 VIRGINIA. Accomack C. H.. Henry P. Parker*........ Alexandria...... Andrew Jamieson....... 1,160 Eastville........ Lloyd Moore............. Norfolk & Ports mouth......... Lewis W. Webb......... Parkersburg.... Thomas G. Gordon*..... Petersburg...... Wm. E. Wells........... Richmond....... J. M. Humphreys........ Tappahannock..James M. Matthews..... Yorktown....... Edward C. Darlington... WASHIINGTON TERRITORY. Puget Sound.... F. A. Wilson............ 1,000 WEST VIRGINIA. Wheeling....... Thomas O'Brien.......... 350 WISCONSIN. Milwaukee...... C. L. Sholes............. 1,285 KENTUCKY. Louisville.......Richard R. Bolling*.... $3,000 o Paducah........ John P. Harris*.........1,600 LOUISIANA. New Orleans...W. m. P. Kellogg......6,000 Teche...........R. W. Mulle............. MAINE. Bangor........ John H. Rice............3,000 B Bath........... E. S. J. Neally............ 2,681 E Belfast........ Truman Harmon........3,000 Frenchman'sBayW. B. Peters........... 2,594 Kennebunk.....N. K. Sargent............. 600 Machias....... S. Longfellow.......... 2,051O Passamaquoddy.Washington Long.......3,400 Penobscot.......S. K. Devereaux ll..........2,980 Portland....... I. Washburn, Jr.........6,400 T Saco............William Hobson.......... 250 Waldoboro......Jas. A. Hall.............. Wiscasset.......Joseph E. Smith........... 958 York............J. S. Putnam................... 278 MARYLAND. Annapolis.......John G. Taylor............310 Baltimore....... Edwin H. Webster 6,000.... MASSACHUSETTS. ] Barnstable......Chas. F. Swift...........3,000 Boston and Charlestown...T homas Russell...........00 Edgarton.......John Vinson............1,157 Fall River.......James Brady, Jr.........2,305 Gloucester......Wm. A. Pew............ e. Marblehead.....William Standley.........475 Nantucket......Isaac H. Folger............313 ] New Bedford....Lawrence Grinnell......2.807 Newburyport....E. G. Currier............ 1,4!95 Plymouth........Thos. Loring............ 1,095 Salem and Bev erly...........R. S. Rantoul........... 1,005 MIICHIGAN. Detroit..........Nelson G. Isbell.............2,500 Grand Haven....H. C. Ackerly............ Port Huron......J.P. Sanborn........... Saut Ste Marie. John R. Dillingham.....1,000 MISSISSIPPI. Natchez.........F. J. Mead............... Cac Pearl River......Robert Eager............r ar Vicksburgh.....J. A. Klein.............. ll MISSOURI. St. Louis........S. M. Breekenridge*.....3,000 MINNESOTA. Pembina........Joseph Lemay........... MONTANA AND IDAHO. Helena..........John X. Beidler......... NEW HAMPSHIRE. Portsmouth.....Joseph B. Upham........2,463 NEW JERSEY. Bridgetown......J. H. Elmer................ o 515. Burli'nton...... Wm. L. Ashmore........1,200 Calmden.......... P. T. Gray................ i. 131 Gt. Egg Harbor.. I.S. Adams............... 1,442 L'tle Egg IHarb. Jarvis H. Bartlett........ Newark.........Wm. Silvey.................. 422 New Brunswick.James Ryno*............ Perth Amboy.... J. L. Boggs..............3,306 NEW YORK. Albany.......... Peter M. Carmichael*... Buffalo..........J. K. Tyler..................,500 Cape Vincent.....D. B. Owen....T r........... 2,500n Dunkirk.........G (eo. M. Abell........... 500 Greenport........E. E. D. Skinner......... 2,500 W New York,.......Henry A. Smyth.........6,400 * Surveyors. [1869. 98 1869.] ASSESSORS AND COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE. ASSESSORS AND COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE. ALABAMA. COLLECTORS. ADDRESS. Moses S. Foote........... Mobile. George W. Colby......... Selma. Robert Johnston......... Huntsville. DIST. ASSESSORS. ADDRESS. 1. William D. Mann........ Mobile. 2. Edward LaCroix.........Selma. 3. Richard S. Watkins..... Russellville. ARIZONA.' Levi Bashford............ Prescott. Henry A. Bigelow....... Prescott. ARKANSAS. 1. James S. Smith.........Dv Elgsin. 2. John M. Oliver..........Little Rock. 3. John Edwards...........Fort Smith. CALIFORNIA. Lewis C. Gunn..........San Francisco. Frank Soule..............San Francisco. O. H. Burnham.......... Oakland. - Theodore T. Tidball......Santa Cruz. Silas H. Axtell...........Stockton. John Sedgwick..........Stockton. Thos. J. Blakeney.......Sacramento. Alfred Briggs............Sacramento. W. A. Eliason.......... Santa Rosa. W. C. S. Smith...........Napa City. COLORADO. George W. Brown....... Denver. ONNECTICUT. Henry A. Grant..........Hartford. Samuel Babcock.........New Haven. Henry Hammond........Norwich. D. F. Hollister...........Bridgeport. DAKOTA. William Shriner.........Vermillion. DELAWARE. Charles H. B. Day........Dover. DISTRICT OF COLURMBIA. Peter M. Pearson........Washington. Lewis Clephane.......Washington. FLORIDA. Marcellus A. Williaims.. Femnandina. GEORGIA. Alexander N. Wilson.... Savannah. Jas. C. McBurney......... Macon. William D. Bard.........Augusta. James Atkins............Atlanta. IDAHO. J. Cary Geer.............Boise City. LLINOIS. John M. Corse........... Chicago. Wm. B. Allen............ Aurora. Robert Little........... Freeport. Jackson Grimshaw...... Quincy. William Kellogg......... Peoria. C. M. Hammond......... Joliet. W. T. Cunningham....... Danville. Edwin S. McCook........ Springfield. Leonard F. Ross......... Avon. Nathan M. Knapp........ Winchester. Robert D. Noleman...... Centralia. Willard C. Flagg......... Alton. Daniel G. Hay............ Cairo. Martin R. M. Wallace... Chicago. Duncan Ferguson.......Rockford. Andrew J. Warner......Prophetstow. Moses M. Bane...........Quincy. George I. Bergen........Galesburg. Quincy D. Whitman.....Ottawa. R. H. Carnahan...........Danville. Dudley Wickersham......Springfield. Henry L. Bryant.........Lewistown. James Fishback.........Jacksonville. Jonathan Biggs.......... r Olney. William C. Kueffner.....Belleville. Samuel H. Almon.......Tamaroa. 99 Lucien W. Coy........... Duvall's Bluff. Willian-i J-. Patton........ Little Rock. Sainuel F. Cooper........ Van Buren. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Daniel Witter........... Denver. 1. 2. 3. 4. Alphonso C. Crosby..... Rockville. John B. Wright......... Clinton. Jesse S. Ely............... Norwich. Reuben Rockwell....... Bridgeport. David 3T. Miller......... Elk Point. George B. Dixon........ Dover. Lemuel Wilson.......... Fernandina. 1. 2. 3. 4. Lloyd D. Waddell....... Savannah. Joseph E. Webster...... Columbus. John Bowles............ Augusta. Wm. H. Watson......... Atlanta. Au,,-tin Savage........... Boise City. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ii. 12. 1?,. :. 11 I i., I' I 11 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. INDIANA. DIST. ASSESSORS. ADDRESS. 1. Joseph G. Bowman..........Vincennes. 2. J. G. Harrison............ New Albany. 3. Hagermann Tripp.......North Vernon. 4. Richard H. Swift........Brookville. 5. Henry W. Shuman......Milton. 6. David Braden...........Indianapolis. 7. James Farrington.......Terre Haute. 8. Thomas W. Fry.........Lafayette. 9. David Turner............Crown Point. 10. George D. Copeland.....Goshen. 11. Hervey Craven..........Anderson. IOWA. James B. Weaver........Bloomfeld. George Meason..........Muscatine. Lucius L. Huntley.......Dubluque. John Connell............Toledo. Cole Noel................Adel. Thomas H. Benton, Jr... Marshalltown. William W. Belknap.........e Keokuk. James Armstrong........ Davenport. D. B. Henderson......... Dubuque. Alonlzo J. Pope.......... Sigourney. L. P. Sherman........... Des Moines. Albert Head.............. New Jefierson. KANSAS. George T. Anthony......Leavenworth. NTUCKY. John D. Kelly............ Paducah. James A. Wallace........Hopkinsville. Erasmus L. Mottley......Bowling Green. John R. Beckley.........Shelbyville. Philip Speed.............Louisville. William M. Murphy......Covington. Robert M. Kelly.........Lexington. Wm. J. Landram.........Lancaster. Fielder C. Barnes........Mount Sterling. William T. Owsley......Paducah. Thomas S. Pettit........ Owensboro. Thomas W. Campbell... Bowling Green. William M. Spencer..... Lebanon. Edgar Needham......... Louisville. J. C. Sayres............. Covington. Benjamin Gratz......... Lexington. Thomas Z. Morrow...... Somerset. Samuel L. Blaine........ Maysville. LOUISIANA. Lewis Wolfley...........New Orleans. James B. Steedman......New Orleans. James H. Veazie........Baton Rouge. Ernest M. Boligny.......Baton Rouge. A. W. Norcross..........Monroe. Eugene Tisdale..........Monroe. MAINE. N. G. Marshall..........Portland. Hannibal Belcher........ Farmington. Selden Conner...........Kendall's Mills. George P. Sewall........ Oldtowln. Nathaniel A. Joy........ Ellsworth. MARYLAND. Thomas K. Carroll......Church Creek Wm. H. Smith...........Easton. John W. Webster.......Baltimnore. James L. Ridgely........Baltimore. Wm. E. W. Ross........ ". Wm. A. Wisong.......... John Van Lear..........Hagerstown. George W. Harrison.....Cumberland. William Welling........Ellicott's Mills. Arthur P. Gorman.......Annapolis June. MASSACHUS Charles G. Davis........Plymouth. Nathaniel Wales........ Stoughton. W. R. Lee............... Boston. Otis Clapp............... " Eben F. Stone........... Newburyport. Phineas J. Stone........Charlestown. C. C. Esty...............Framingham. Ivers Phillips............Worcester. Amasa Norcross.........Fitchburg. C. N. Emerson.......... Pittsfield. James Buffington........Fall River. Benj. W. Harris..........East Bridgewater. Wmi. H. McCartney......Boston. John Sargent............. " Charles C. Dame.........New buryport. Nathaniel S. Howe e.......Haverhill. John Nesmith........... Lowell. A. B. R. Sprague.........Worcester. D. W. Alvord............Greenfleld. E. R. Tinker.............North Adams. t LIS69. 100 COLLECTORS. ADDRESS. Horace B. Shepard....... Vincennes. B. F. Scribner........... New Albany. Smith Jones............. Columbus. G. V. Stevenson......... Aurora. William Grose........... Newcastle. Austin H. Brown........ Indianapolis. J. 1. Alexander........... Terre Haute. John S. Williams........ Lafayette. Norman Eddy............. South Bend. Warren H. Withers...... Fort Wayne. John F. Wildman........ Anderson. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Thomas J. Stember,,,h...Lawrence. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. N. IJ. Miller.............. Portland. Jesse S. Lyford........... Lewiston. P, F. Sanborn............ Atigusta. Jeremiah Fenno......... Baiigor. David Howe............. Lincolnville. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. S. 9. 10. 4 11 - 4-,.. 1869.] ASSESSORS AND COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE. MICHIGAN. COLLECTORS. ADDRESS. David E. Harbaugh......Detroit. F. W. Curtenius.........Kalamazoo. C. H. Miller..............Ann Arbor. Sluman S. Bailey.........Grand Rapids. Benj. C. Gunn............Utica. G. W. Fish...............Flint. MINNESOTA.. 1. William McMicken......Mantorville. John J. Randall..........Winoiia. 2. Robert N. McLaren......St. Paul. A. C. Morrill.............Milinuneapolis. MISSISSIPPI. 1. William J. Britton......Hazlehurst. Edwin G. Cook..........Hazlehurst. 2. Thomas S. White........Brandon. Martin Keary.............Vicksburg. 3, Lewis D. Viser.........Oxford. William W. Willis........Corinth. MISSOURI. Barton Able.............St. Louis. Bernard Zwart...........Ironton. Charles P. Heywood..... Hannibal. Alex. H. Martin..........Troy. William C. Chanaler.....Pleasant Hill. James Craig..............St. Joseph. MONTANA. Truman C. Evarts....... Virginia City. N. P. Langford........... Virginia City. NEBRASKA. Frederick Renner....... Nebraska City. Joseph E. Lamaster...... Nebraska City. Warren Wasson.........Carson City. Stephen T. Gage.........Virginia ( NEW HAAMPSHIRE. George M. Herring......Farmington. James M. Lovering......Exeter. Isaac W. Smith..........Manchester. John Kimball............Concord. Bolivar Lovell.......... Alstead. Chester Pike.............Cornish. N JERSEY. William P. Tatum........ Camden. Stephen B. Smith........ Trenton. Elston Marsh............ Plainfield. John B. Headley.........Morristown. Jacob Weart.............Jersey City, Benjamin Acton.........Salem. Anthony Reckless.......Red Bank. Robert Rushling........Hackettstown. Benj. F. Robinson....... Ridgewood. Robert B. Hathorn...... Newark. NEW MEXiCO. Charles Blumner.........Santa F6. w YORK. George F. Carman........Long Island City. Reuben S. Torrey........Brooklyn. Edward T. Wood......... " Joshua F. Bailey......... New York. Lewis J. Kirk............ " Maunsell B. Field........ " Marshall B. Blake........ " Alexander Spaulding..... Thomas O'Callaghan..... " John M. Mason.......... Yonkers. John G. Wilkin.......... Middletown. Peter E. Van Alstyn..... Kinderhook. E. W. Buddington........ Kingston. Theodore Townsend..... Albany. James Forsyth............ Troy. Wm. R. Cummings...... Jamaica, John Williams........... Brooklyn. Thomas Welwood......... "W Pierre C. Van Wyck.... Joha. New York. David Miller.............K " John F. Cleveland....... " Merwin R. Brewer........Blk " Thomas B. Aston........' " Homer Franklin.......... Tm " Abram Hyatt............Sing Sing. James C. Curtis.........Cochecton. Benj. P. Carpenter......Poughkeepsie. J. Atwood Cooke........Catskill. John G. Treadwell.......Albany. Philip H. Neher.............Troy. 101 DIST. ASSESSORS. ADDRESS. 1. Mark Flanigan.......... Detroit. 2. Alexander H. Morrison..St. Joseph. 3. G. T. Gridley............ Jackson. 4. Westbrook Divine....... Ionia. 5. Levi Bacon, Jr........... Pontiac. 6. Henry Raymond......... Bay City. Theophile Papin......... St. Louis. John H.. Fox............ DeSoto. Joseph A. Hay.......... LaGrange. Joseph B. Douglass..... Columbia. Mack J. Leam-.ng........ Sedalia. Elisha F. Rogers........ Kansas City. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. city. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. William Breeden........ Santa F6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. il. 12. 13. 14. 15. TItE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. DIST. ASSESSORS. ADDRESS. 16. Lawrence Myers.........Plattsburgh. 17. D. H. Stanton........... Malone. 18. Alex. H. Palmer.........Schenectady. 19. David L. Follett......... Norwich. 20. Nelson J. Beach.........Watson. 21. Charles M. Dennison....Rome. 22. William H. Wheeler.....Oswego. 23. William Candee.........Syracuse. 24. JosephW. Gates........or Lyons. 25. Lewis Peck..................Phelps. 26. Henry R. Wells..........Owego. 27. Curtis C. Gaidiner......Elmira. 28. John W. Graves.........Medina. 29. James P. Murphy........Lockport. 30. James C. Strong..............Buffalo. 31. Lewis Hall..............Jamestown. 32. E. D. Webster...............New York. NORTH CAROLINA. Robinson Piemont......Elizabeth City. William E. Bond.........Edenton. Jennings Pigott.........Wilson. Lewellyn G. Estes.......Wilmington. William H. Worth.......Fayetteville. Charles W. Woollen......Fayetteville. Solomon Pool...........Chapel Hill. John Reed...............Warrenton. Jesse Wheeler...........Greensbloro. John Crane..............Greensboro. Hardie H. Helper........Salisbury. Samuel H. Wiley.........Salisbury. Joseph Hamilton........Hendersonville. Johnl B. Weaver..........Ashville. OHIO. Horace G. Storms........Cincinnati. Conduce G. Megrew.... Cincinnati. Obadiah C. Maxwell..... Dayton. David M. Fleming.......Piqua. James S. Robinson......Kenton. Carr B. White........... Georgetown. John T. Hogne..........Xenia. Milton W. Warden......Mansfield. James Lewis............Bucyrus. M. W. Hubbell............ Toledo. Elias Nigh.................. Ir onton. John M. Connell........Lancaster. George B. Arnold.......Mount Vernon. Willard Slocum..........Ashland. George M. Woodbridge..Marietta. John Sargent............New Philadelphia. Anson G. McCook.......Steubenville. Lovett S. Morton........ Cleveland. Chas. A. Harrington.....Warren. OREGON. PENNSYLVANIA. John W. Frazier.........Philadelphia. Charles Abel.............Philadelphia. Clifford S. Phillips....... " John H. Diehl............ " William B. Elliot........ " Samuel M. Zuelick....... " Revie J. Fongeray....... " Alex. Cummings......... Richardson L. Wright...Frankford. Joseph Barnsley..........Doylestown. Francis Z. Heebner......Allentown. Abram B. Longaker......Norristown. J. Lee Englebert........Westchester. William M. Swayne......Westchester. Solomon Close..........Reading. Diller Luther.............Reading. John B. Warfel..........Lancaster. William M. Wiley........Lancaster. Jeremiah Seitzinger.....Pottsville. James A. Inness..........Pottsville. 102 [1869. COLLECTORS. ADDRESS. Samuel T. Richards...... Warrellsburgh. Erasmus D. Brooks...... Potsdam. Allen C. Churchill........ Gloversville. George W. Ernst......... Cooperstown. Lawrence L. Merry....... Ilion. Levi Blakeslee........... Utica. Ralph H. Avery.......... Canastota. Silas F. Smith........... Syracuse. William A. Halsey....... Port Byron. Farley Holmes........... Penn-Yan. Simon C. Hitchcock......Binghamton. Oscar J. Averill.......... Elmira. Samuel P. Allen.......... Rochester. Hiram W. Hascall /....... Batavia. Adrian R. Root.......... Buffalo. Charles Kennedy......... Dunkirk. Sheridan Shook.......... New York. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ii. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Leonard A. Harris........ Cincinnati. S. J. McGroarty.......... Cincinnati. Ferdinand Van Derveer..Illamilton. William W. Wilcoii...... Urbana. Cloys B. Wilson.......... Findlay. William 0. Collins....... Hillsborough. B., F. Martin.............. Columbus. Eugene Powell........... Delaware. George J. Anderson...... Sandusky. Harry Chase............. Toledo. Benj. F. Coates.......... Portsmouth. John A. Hunter.......... Lancaster. Albert A. Guthrie........ Zanesville. Lucas Flattery............ Wooster. W. P. Richardson........ Marietta. Charles J. Albright....... Cambridge. Kent Jarvis.............. ]Nlasillon. Thomas Jones, Jr........ Cleveland. Henry Fassett............ Ashtabula. Thomas Frazer.......... Portland. Medoram Crawford....... Portland. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ASSESSORS AND COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE. DIST. ASSESSORS. ADDRESS. COLLECTORS. ADDRESS. 11. William Mutchler........Easton. Josiah P. Hetrick........Easton. 12. William M. Post.........Susquehanna Depot. Caleb E. Wright..........Wilkesbarre. 13. Robert F. Clarke........ Bloomsburg. H. Lawrence Scott....... Towanda. 14. Thomas J. Jordan.......Harrisburg. Charles H. Shriner.......M ifflinburg. 15. Henry Welsh............York. William P. Lloyd........ Mechanicsburg. 16. William McSherry.......Littlestown. Charles W. Ashcom...... Ilopewell. 17. J. Sewall Stewart........Huntingdon. Wesley I. Rose...........Johnstown. 18. Robert H. Forster.......Bellefonte. Henry A. Gurnsey........Williamsport. 19. Daniel Livingston.......Curwensville. John W. Douglass........Erie. 20. John B. Hays........... Meadville. Peter McGough..........Franklin. 21. A. G. Booth, (acting)....Brownsville. William H. Markle.......Greensburg. 22. Henry A. Weaver.......Pittsburg. Ferdinand E. Volz........Pittsburg. 23. Daniel E. Nevin.........Allegheny City. John M. Sullivan.........Allegheny City. 24. James B. Ruple..........Washington. Archibald Robertson.....Beaver Falls. RHODE ISLAND. 1. Thomas G. Turner.......Providence. L. B. Frieze..............Providence. 2. Wm. A. Pirce...........Johnston. Wm. D. Brayton..........Warwick. SOUTH CAROLINA. C. W. Dudley.......... Bennettsville. Samuel Mayrant..........Sumter. Charles J. Hascall........Charleston. Fred. A. Sawyer..........Charleston. H. O. Herrick............Anderson. Alex. S. Wallace.........Columbia. ENNESSEE. Elijah Simerly...........Greenville. J. T. Abernathy..........Knoxville. P. A. Wilkinson..........Chattanooga. Joseph Ramsey..........Shelbyville. Henry L. Norvell.........Nashville. William C. Webb........Linden. F ranklin T ravis..........Paris. Rolfe S. Saunders........Memphis. Jo hn P. Holtsinger....Pr. Green ville. Dan. A. Carpenter....... Knoxville. Thos. J. Carlile......... Chattanooga. William T. Tune........ Shelbyville. John McClelland........ Nashville. T. J. Cypert............. Waynesboro. Joseph H. Travis........ Paris. W. W. Thacher.......... Memphis. TEXAS. Milton Stapp............ Galveston. Robert H. Lane.......... Indianola. Richard N. Lane.......... Austin. Lemuel D. Evans......... Marshall. James Johnson.......... Galveston. Jos. A. Henderson......Indianola. John L. Haynes..........Austin. Horace Boughton........ Marshall. UTAH. Augustus L. Chetlain....Gt. SaltLake City. Robert T. Burton........ Gt. Salt Lake City. VERMONT. 1. Wm. C. Kittredge.......Fair Haven. Joseph Poland...........Montpelier. 2. Thos. E. Powers........Woodstock. Charles S. Dana..........St. Johnsbury. 3. Henry C. Adams.........St. Albans. Anson J. Crane..........Burlington. VIRGINIA. John B. Ailworth........Drummondtown. George C. Tyler..........Onancock. John M. Donn..........Norfolk. William Selden...........Norfolk. John H. Hudson.........Richmond. John E. Mulford..........Richmond. C. W. Barr..............Manchester. Otis H. Russell...........Manchester. Jacqueline M. Wood.....Lynchburg. E. B. Pendleton..........Lynchburg. John H. Freeman.......Lexington. S. R. Sterling............Harrisonburg. William M. Fitzhugh....Fairfax C. H. Thos. L. Sanborn........Alexandria. George S. Smith......... Marion. George W. Jackson......Wytheville. WASHINGTON. Hazard Stevens..........Olympia. WEST VIRGINIA. Albert G. Leonard.......Parkersburg. Benj. F. Kelly............Wheeling. John R. Drabell.........Morgantown. George W. Brown........Grafton. Thomas Thornburg......Cabell C. H. John H. Oley.............Kanawiha C. H. 103 1869.] 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Samuel D. Howe........ Olympia. 1. 2. 3. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ISCONSII. COLLECTORS. ADDRESS. George Q. Erskine.......Milwaukee. Henry PI. Lewis....:......Madison. J. Et. Warren.............lMonroe. John J. Williams........Beaver Dam. A. K. Osborne...........New London. Charles Shuter........... Sparta. DIST. ASSESSORS. ADDRESS. 1. George B. BiSngham..... Milwaukee. 2. Henry Harnden............M ladison. 3. Smith S. Wilkinson.....Prairie du Sac. 4. S.M. SM. ead............. Fond du Lac. 5. Jacob S. Bugh...........Wautoma. 6. Lute A. Taylor.......... Prescott. UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY. Sutperintendent.................................BENJAMIN PIERCE......................... $6,000 Hydrogrcaplltic Inspector.........................C. P. PATTERSON.......................... 2,825 Assistant in charle of Ofce............................................... 2,300 General Disbursing Agent......................SAMUEL HEIN.............................2,500 The coast survey has for its object the production of accurate charts of the coasts and harbors of the United States. With a shore line, including bays and islands, and exclusive of Alaska, of more than 21,000 miles in length; and with a commerce extending to all parts of the world, and rapidly increasing, the importance to the country of this branch of the public service will be readily appreciated. The work was commenced on the Eastern or Atlantic coast in 1832, under the superintendence of Professor F. R. Hassler, and after his death in 1843, was continued under the superintendence of late Prof. Alexander D. Bache, and extended to the Gulf of Mexico. On the acquisition of California, the Pacific coast was included in the survey, and since the treaty with Russia, by which Alaska was brought under the government of the United States, the survey has been extended to that Territory. The whole work is under the administrative direction of the Treasury Department. Upon the Superintendent devolves the duty of planning its operations, for the scientific accuracy of which he is responsible. The Corps of Assistants is composed of three classes,-civilians, and army and navy officers. The work is divided into three branches,-the geodetic, topographic, and hydrographic surveys. The geodetic survey accurately determines the relative positions on the surface of the earth of a great number of prominent points, by a system of triangulation and observation of the true meridian lines, and of latitude and longitude. The positions fixed by the triangulation form the ground-work of the topographic survey which delineates the shore-line of the coasts, bays, and rivers; the shape and heights of hills; the position of roads, houses, woods, marshes, and fields,-in short all noteworthy features of the country. The hydrographic survey based upon the points and shore-lines furnished by the triangulation and topography, delineates the hidden configuration of the sea bottom, discovers channels, shoals, and rocks, assigns their true positions, and shows the depth of water and character of the bottom over the whole extent of the chart. The observations made in the progress of the survey are arranged and pub lished with illustrative plates, topographic maps and hydrographic charts. 104 [1s69. LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICTS. LIGHT-IIOUSE BOARD. President, ex-officio.............................HUGH MCCULLOCH, Secretary of the Treasury. Chairma......................................Rear Admiral, W. B. SHUBRICK. Naval Secretary................................ANDREW A. HARWOOD. Engineer Secretary....................... M. POE. Chief Clerk.....................................BENJ. U. KEYSER. LIGHT-IIOUSE DISTRICTS AND OFFICERS. In conformity with the Act of Congress of August 31, 1852, 12 Light-House Districts have been established. In the First District, extending from the N.E. boundary of the United States to Hampton Harbor, New Hampshire, there are 46 light-houses and light beacons, 39 beacons, 271 buoys,* and one light-house tender. Inspector, JOHN POPE, Portland, Me. Engineer, W. A. GOODWIN, Boston, Mass. In the Second District, extending from Hampton Harbor, New Hampshire, to Gooseberry Point, Massachusetts, there are 63 lighthouses and light beacons, 50 beacons, 7 light vessels, 451 buoys, 1 steam tender and 1 sailing tender. Inspector, GEORG9 S. BLAIKE, Boston, Mass. Engineer, W. A. GOODWIN, Boston, Mass. In the Third District, extending from Gooseberry Point, Massachusetts, to Squam Inlet, New Jersey, including the Hudson River and Lake Champlain, there are 92 light-houses and lighted beacons, 44 beacons, 6 light vessels, 335 buoys, 1 steam tender, and 1 sailing tender. Inspector, A. L. CASE, Tomnpkinsville, Staten Island, N. Y. Engineer, J6SEPH LEDERLE, Tompkinsville, Staten Island, N.Y. In the Fourth Distsict, extending from Squam Inlet, N.J., to Metompkin Inlet, Va., including Delaware Bay and its tributaries, there are 18 light-houses and lighted beacons, 2 beacons, 2 light vessels, 75 buoys and 1 light house tender. Inspector, W. H. GARDNER, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Engineer, G. CASTOR SIIITH, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In the Fifth District, extending from Metompkin Inlet, Va., to New River Inlet, N. C., including Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, there are 62 light-ihouses and lighted beacons, 85 beacons, 4 light vessels, 460 buoys, and 2 steam tenders. Inspector, J. M. BERRIEN, Norfolk, Va. Engineer, W. J. NEWMAN, Baltimore, Md. In the Sixth District. extending from New River Inlet, N. C., to Cape Canaveral light-house, Florida, inclusive, there are 49 light-houses and light beacons, 123 beacons, 5 light vessels, 146 buoys and 2 sailing tenders. Inspector, A. K. HUGHES, Charleston; S. C. Engineer, JERE P. SMITH, Charleston, S. C. In the Seventh District, extending from south of Cape Canaveral, to Egmont Key, Florida, there are 10 light-houses and lighted beacons, 18 beacons, 57 buoys, and 1 sailing tender. Inspector, B. M. DOVE, Key West, Florida. Engineer, M. C. DUNNIER, Key West, Florida. In the Eighth District, extending from St. Mark's, Florida, to the Rio Grande, there are 64 light-houses and lighted beacons, 41 beacons, 80 buoys, 1 steam tender and 3 sailing tenders. Irspector, CHARLES GREEN, New Orleans, La. Engineer, M. D. Mc ALESTER, New Orleans, La. On July 1, 1867, by authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, the former eighth and ninth districts were consolidated, the new district being styled the eighth. This had become necessary, owing to the provision in the Act of Congress organizing the present light-house establishment, limiting the number of districts to twelve, and the extension of our coast upon the Pacific, which created the necessity for an additional district there. Under the present arrangemenlt, there is no ninth district, and the aggregate number of districts remains at twelve. In the Tenth District, embracing Lakes Erie, and Ontario, and the rivers St. Lawrence, Niagara, and their tributaries, there are 44 light-houses and lighted beacons, 79 buoys, and 1 steam tender. Inspector, F. B. ELLISON, Buffalo, N.Y. Engineer, W. F. RAYNOLDS, Detroit, Mich. In the Eeventh District, embracing all that portion of the lake region (including affluents) above Detroit, Michigan, there are 63 lighthouses and lighted beacons, $0 buoys, and 1 steam tender, which attends to this and the Tenth District. Inspector, T. H. STEVENS, Detroit, Mich. Engineer, W. F. RAYNOLDS, Detroit, Mich. In the Twelfth Distri(t, extending from the southern boundary of California, to the 41st parallel of latitude, there are 9 light-houses and lighted beacons. Inspector, J. C. CARTER, San Francisco, Cal. Engineer, R. S. WILLIAMSON, San Francisco, Cal. In the Thirteenth District, embracing the Pacific coast north of the 41st parallel of latitude, there are 9 light-houses and lighted beacons. Inspector, J. M. WATsON, Astoria, Oregon. Engineer, R. S. WILLIAMSON, San Francisco, Cal. *In all the districts the buoys are exclusive of spare buoys to supply losses. 1869.) 105 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. SUPERVISING INSPECTORS OF STEAMBOATS AND THEIR DISTRICTS. Salaries $1,500 each, and traveling expenses. Prsesident of Board, WILLIAMI BURNETT. First District-Embraces all waters and rivers of the United States west of the Rocky Mountains. Supervisor, WILLIAM BURNETT, San Francisco, Cal. Second District-Embraces the waters of the Atlantic coast, rivers and tributaries between the bay of Passamaqueddly and Cape Charles. Supervisor, WILLIAMBRADFORD, New York City. Third District-Embraces the waters of the Atlantic coast, rivers and tributaries between Cape Charles and Cape Sable. Supervisor, GEORGE W. MORRIs, Baltimore, Md. Fourrt DisrTict-Embraces the Mississippi river and tributaries, from the mouth of the Ohio river to Quincy, Ill. SuperTisor, DANIEL G. TAYLOR, St. Louis, Mo. Fifth District-Embraces the upper Mississippi and its tributaries from and including Alton, and the Red river of the North. Supervisor, CHARLES L. STEPHENSON, Galena, Ill. Sixth District-Embraces the Ohio river and tributaries below Madison, and the Mississippi river and tributaries (below the Ohio) down to and including the Arkansas river. Supervisor, JAMES V. GUTHRIE, Louisville, Ky. Seventh listrict —Embraces the Ohio river and tributaries above and including Madison. Supervisor, JOHN S. DEVINNY, Pittsburgh, Penn. Eighth District-Embraces all the waters of the lakes north and west of Lake Erie, with their tributaries. Supervisor, ALFRED GUTHRIE, Chicago, Ill. Ninta District-Embraces all the waters of Lakes Erie, Ontario, Champlain, Memphremagog and George, and the river St. Lawrence, with their tributaries. Supervisor, A. S. BEMIS, Buffalo, N.Y. Tenth District-Embraces the coast and tributary waters of the Gulf of Mexico between Cape Sable and the mouth of the Rio, Grande, and the Mississippi river and tributaries to the mouth of the Arkansas river. Supervisor, WILLIAM ROGERs, New Orleans, La. ARMY AND NAVY. By the eighth section of the first article of the Constitution, Congress is empowered in general to raise and support armies; to provide and maintain a navy, and to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces. By the second section of the second article, the President is appointed commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States. On August 7,1789, Congress established a Department of War to enable the President to carry out the provisions of the Constitution for military affairs. A number of "Original Rules and Articles of War," which were enacted by the Congress of 1776, were continued in force under the Constitution, with several modifications. These rules were the basis of the actual Articles of War, enacted in 1806, which, with slight alterations, form the military code which govern all troops when mustered into the service. At the commencement of the year 1861, the army consisted of about 14,000 regular troops, stationed chiefly in the' Southern states. A large number of these joined the cause of the Southern confederacy, so that at the breaking out of the rebellion the Federal army numbered only about 8,000 men. April 15, 1861, the President called out 75,000 volunteers for three months to defend the national capital; and on May 3, he called out 75,000 volunteers to serve for three years, or to the close of the war. By subsequent proclamations and acts of Congress the army was increased; the whole number enrolled to the end of the civil war amounted to 2,653,062. Since the close of the war, the army has been reduced to about 50,000 men.* * For organization of Army and Navy, see pages 122 and 132. 106 [1869. WAR DEPARTMENT. The executive duties growing out of the management of the naval forces were by Congress committed to the War Department by act of August 7, 1789, but in 17 98, a separate department was created, with a Cabinet officer called the Secretary of the Navy. At the breaking out of the civil war in 1861, the naval forces consisted of 41 men of war on active service, most of which were sailing vessels. This number was largely increased during the war by purchase and the construction of new vessels. The naval force has been diminished since 1865. WAR DEPARTMENT. The Secretary of War has charge of all the duties connected with the army of the United States, fortifications, etc., issues commissions, directs the movement of troops, superintends their payment, stores, clothing, arms, and equipments, and ordnance, and conducts works of military engineering. The following bureaus are attached to this department: Commandi?g General's Oflice. The Commanding General has charge of the arrangement of the military forces, the superintendence of the recruiting service, and the discipline of the army. He is to see that the laws and regulations of the army are enforced. The office is at Washington and is called the Head-quarters of the army. Adjutant-General's Office. In this office are kept all the records which refer to the personnel of the army, pay-roll, etc., and all military commnissions are made out. All orders which emanate from Headquarters, or the War Department proper, pass through this office, and the annual returns from the army are received by it. The Quartermiaster-General's Office provides quarters, storage, and transportation for the army, and has charge of the barracks and the National Cemeteries. The Paymaster-General's Ofce has charge of the disbursements to the regular army and the Military Academy. The Commissary-General's Office provides subsistence stores for the troops and military forts. The Ordnance Bureau has charge of the Ordnance stores, and the various arsenals and armories. The Engineer's Office has charge of the military defenses of the country, the improvement of rivers, the surveys relating thereto, and the care of the Military Academy. Surgeon- General's Office. All matters connected with medicine and surgery, the management of the sick and wounded, and the hospitals are under the control of this office. Topographical Bureau. This bureau has charge of all topographical operations and surveys for military purposes, and for purposes of internal improvement, and of all maps, drawings, and documents relating to those duties. 1869.] 107 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, the Bureau of military Justice, the Inspector General's OQlice, and the Signal Corps of the Army are also connected with the War Department. CHIEF OFFICERS IN WAR DEPARTMiENT. Secretary of War...............................JOiN M. SCOFIELD. Chief Clerk....................................JOHN POTTS. Adjutant General..............................Bvt. Major General LORENZO THOMAS. Assistant Adjutant Generals....................Bvt. Major General E. D. TOWNSEND; Bvt. Brig adier Generals J. C. KELTON, ROBERT WIL LIAMS, THOS. M. VINCENT, SAMUEL BERECK, and L. H. PELOUZE. Inspector General...............................Bvt. Major General EDMUND SCHRIVER. Quartermaster General.........................Bvt. Major General M. C. MEIGS. Assistant Quartermaster General................Bvt. Major General CHAS. THOMAS. Chief Clerk................................. WM. A. GORDON. Deputy Quartermaster Generals.................Bvt. Brigadier Generals J. C. MCFERRAN, J.AS. A. EKIN, and MORRIS S. MILLER. Quartermasters................................. Bvt. Brigadier Generals J. J. DANA, and A. J. PERRY. Commissary General of Subsistence..............Bvt. Major General A. B. EATON. Assistant Commissary General of Subsistence... Bvt. Major General A. E. SHIRAS. Chief Clerk....................................R. M. HANSON. Surgeon General................................Bvt. Major General JAs. K. BARNES. Assistant Surgeon General......................Bvt. Brigadier General C. H. CRANE. Chief Clerk....................................RICHMOND JOHNSON. Paymaster General.............................Bvt. Major General B. W. BRICE. Paymasters.....................................Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. H. EATON; Bvt. Lieut. Col. J. B. M. POTTER. Chief of Engineers.............................Bvt. Major General A. A. Humphreys. Chief Clerk....................................F. N. BARBARIN. Chief of Ordnance.............................Bvt. Major General A. B. DYER. Inspector of Ar,rories and Arsenals.............Bvt. Brigadier General WM. MAYNADIER. Chief Clerk....................................J. P. KELLER. Judge Advocate General........................Bvt. Major General JOSEPH HOLT. Chief Clerk....................................JAMES M. WRIGHT. Chief Signal Officer.............................. Bvt. Brigadier General A. J. MYER. Com. of Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen.....Major General O. O. HOWARD. Asst. Com. in charge of Dist. of Columbia......Brigadier General C. H. HOWARD. Acting Assistant Adjutant General............. Brigadier General E. WHITTLESEY. Commissary of Subsistence.....................Brigadier General GEO. W. BALLOCH. Chief ~lledical Officer...........................Bvt. Colonel L. A. EDWARDS. Commandant Jfil. Department at TVasiington...Bvt. Major General E. R. S. CANBY. Assistant Adjutant General.................... Bvt. Colonel J. H. TAYLOR. U. S. MILITARY ACADEMY, WEST POINT, N. Y. [Corrected at Military Academy, October 15, 1868.] Inspector........Bvt. Major-General EDMUND SCHRIVER, Inspector-General, War Department, Washington, D.C. Superintendent..Bvt. Brigadier-General THOMAS G. PITCHER, Colonel 44thl Infantry. MILITARY STAFF. Adjutant............................Bvt. Major EDWARD C. BOYNTON, A. M. Quartermaster.......................Bvt. Major TULLY MCCREA, Captain 42d Infantry, V. R. C. Treasurer......................... Captain ROBERT CATLIN, 43d Infantry. Surgeon U. S. A.....................Bvt. Brig. General THOMAS A. MCPARLIN, M.D. Assistant Surgeon U. S. A...........Bvt. Major ELIAS J. MARSH, M.D. Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. A.... A. W. WIGGIN, M.D. II I 108 [1869. MILITARY ACADEMY. ACADEMlIC STAFF. Commandant of Cadets and Instrutctor of Artillery, Cavalry and Infantry Tacteics. HENRY M. BLACK, Bvt. Col. U.S. A., Major 7th Infantry. Asst. Inst. of Artille7ry Tactics....ALEXANDER PIPER, Bvt. Lt. Col. U.S. A., Capt. 3d Artillery. Asst. Inst. of I?fantry Tactics...JOHN McL. HILDT, Bvt. Lt. Col. U.S. A., Capt. 3d Infantry. Asst. Inst. of Cavalry Tactics.... ABRAHAM K. ARNOLD, Bvt. Major U.S. A., Capt. 5th Cavalry. Asst. Inst. of Infantry Tactics... JACOB F. KENT, Bvt. Lt. Col. U.S. A., Capt. 3d Infantry. Asst. Inst. of Art. & Inf. Tactics.JOHN EGAN, Bvt. Major U.S. A., Capt. 11th Infantry. Asst. Inst. of Inf. & Cav. Tactics.ALEXANDER S. CLARKE, Capt. 44th Infantry. Professor of Military and Civil Engineering. DENNIS H. MAHAN, LL. D. Assistant Professor..............PETER S. MICHIE, Bvt. Lt. Col. U.S. A., Capt. Engineers. Acting Assistant Professor.......WM. 11. H. BENYAURD, Bvt. Major U.S. A., Capt. Engineers. *~ ~' * ~....... HENRY M. ADAMS, 1st Lieut. Engineers. Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy WILLIAM H. C. BARTLETT, LL. D. Assistant Professor..............JOSEEPH C. CLARK, Jr., Bvt. Col., Major U.S. Army. Acting Assistant Professor.......JAMES MERCUR, 1st Lieut. Engineers. " i;.......'MICAH R. BROWN, 1st Lieut. Engineers. Professor of AMathematics. ALBERT E. CHURCH, LL. D. Assistant Professor..............HERBERT A. HASCALL, Bvt. Lt. Col. U'. S. A., Capt. 5th Artillery. Acting Assistant Professor.......GEORGE A. KENSEL, Bvt. Lt. Col. U.S. A., Capt. 5th Artillery. " ".......J AMES C. POST, 1st Lieut. Engineers. " " ".......CHARLES E. L. B. DAVIS, 1st Lieut. Engineers. " " ".....H IERO B. HERR, 1st Lieut. 1st Artillery. "....... F RANK SOULS, 2d Lieut. Ordnance. Professor of Drawing. ROBERT W. WEIR, X. A. Assistant Professor..............JAMES MCMILLAN, Bvt. Major U17. S. A., Capt. 2d Infantry. Acting Assistant Professor.......JOHN S. POLAND, Bvt. Lt. Col. U.S. A., Capt. 2d Infantry. Professor of the French Language. HYACINTH R. AGNEL. Assistant Professor.............. MALBONE F. WATSON, Bvt. Major U. S. A., Capt. 5th Artillery. Acting Assistant Professor....... GEORGE G. GREENOUGH, 1st Lieut. l21st Infantry. ......J.....AMES O'HIIARA, 1st Lieut. 3d Artillery. ".......LUIGI LOMIA, 2d Lieut. 5th Artillery. Chaplain, and Professor of Ethics and Law. REV. JOHN W. FRENCH, D. D. Assistant Professor..............CHARLES C. PARSONS, Bvt. Lt. Col. U.S. A., Capt. 4th Artillery. Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology. HENRY L. KENDRICK, A. M. Assistant Professor..............LORENzo LORAIN, Bvt. Major U. S. A., Capt. 3d Artillery. Acting Assistant Professor....... CHARLES SHALER, Jr., 2d Lieut. Ordnance. Professor of the Spanish Language. PATRICE DE JANON. Assistant Professor............... JAMES O'HARA, 1st Lieut. 3d Artillery. Acting Assistant Professor.......LUIGI LOMIA, 2d Lieut. 5th Artillery. Instructor of Ordnance and Gunnery. ALFRED MORDECAI, Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Capt. Ordnance. Assistant Instructor.............FRANK SOULE, Jr., 1st Lieut. Ordnance. 1869.1 i09 TIiEAE AERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Instructor of Practical lMilitary Engineering, Military Signals, and Telegrapeing, and Commanzd -rmg Detachment of Engineers. PETER S. MICHIE, Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Capt. Engineers. Sword Master. ANTONE LORENz. APPOINT-MENT AND ADMISSION OF CADETS. I.-Application may be made at any time (by letter to the Secretary of War) by the applicant himself, his parent, guardian, or any of his friends, that his name may be placed on the register in the office of the Inspector of the Military Academy at Washington, D. C. The precise age and permanent abode of the applicant, as, also, the number of the Congressional District min which he resides, must be stated, and no application will be considered wherein these instruc tions are not complied with. No preference is given to applications on account of priority, nor can any information be communicated as to the probable success of an application before the appointments are made. By an act of Congress, the appointment of a person who has served in any capacity in the military or naval service of the so-called Confederate States is prohibited, and, as a general rule, no person will be appointed who has had a brother educated in the Academy. By provision of law, each Congressional and Territorial District and the District of Columbia, is entitled to have one Cadet at the Military Academy, and no more. In addition to these, the appointment annually of a number, not exceeding tet "at large," not confined to a selection by Congressional Districts, is authorized. The District and Territorial appointments are made upon the nomination of the member of Congress or Delegate representing the District or Territory at the date of appointment, and the law requires that the individual selected shall be an actual resident of the District or Territory, or District of Columbia, from which the appointment purports to be made. The selections "at large" and from the District of Columbia, are made by the President. Appointments are required by law to be made one year in advance of the date of admission, -that is to say, about the 1st of July in each year, except in instances where it maybe impracticable, from any cause, so to make them. Persons, therefore, receiving appointments have ample time afforded them in which to prepare for a successful examination prior to their admission. II.-To prevent the disappointment, mortification, and useless expense that might attend the acceptance of a Cadet appointment by a person not possessing the necessary qualifications for admission, and for the instruction and aid of others, the following information is commlunicated: Candidates must be over seventeen and under twenty-two years of age at the time of entrance into the Military Academy; no modification of the law in this respect can be made; but any person who has served honorably and faithfully not less than one year as an officer or enlisted man in the army of the United States either as a volunteer or in the regular service, during the war for the suppression of the rebellion, shall be eligible for appointment up to the age of twenty-four years. They must be at least five feet in height, and free from any defonmity, disease, or infirmity, which would render them uinfit for the military service, and from allny disorder of an infectious or immoral character. They must be able to read and write well, and perform with facility and accuracy the various operations of the four ground rules of Arithmetic, of reduction, of simple and compound proportion, and of vulgar and decimal fractions. The Arithmetic is to be studied understandingly, and not merely committed to memory. They will also be required to have a knowledge of the elements of English Grammar, of Descriptive Geography, particularly of our own country, and of the History of the United States. III.-It must be understood that a full compliance with the above conditions will be insisted on-that is to say: the candidate must write a fair and legible hand, and without any material mistakes in spelling such sentences as shall be dictated by the examiners; and he must answer promptly and without errors, all their questions in the above-mentioned rules of Arithmetic and in the other branches; failing in any of these particulars, he will be rejected. IV.-Every candidate will, soon after his arrival at West Point, be subject to a rigid examination by an experienced Medical Board, and should there be found to exist in him cause of disqualification to such a degree as will immediately, or in all probability may at no very distant period, impair his efficiency, he will be rejected. 110 V.-During the months of July and August, the Cadets are engaged in military duties and exercises, living ill cam1p. The Academic exercises commence the beginning of September. The semi-annual examination takes place in January. At this time the Cadets are rigidly examined in the subjects they have studied, and the new Cadets, if found proficient therein, (their conduct having been correct in all respects,) will receive the warrant of Cadet, and take such a station in their class as their respective merits, as determined at the examination, may entitle them to. If any have been unable to master the course, they will be pronounced deficient by the Academic Board, and their connection with the Academy will cease. VI.-It is important that it be clearly understood, that this examination, like all subsequent ones, is very thorough, does not permit any evasion or slighting of the course, and exacts a very close and persevering attention to study. The examining officers have no option; they must reject the deficient. VII.-In June there is held the "Annual Examination," which, in its character of searching scrutiny, is'l.ke the Semi-Annual examination in January. Cadets who have failed to make the requisite proficiency, and are not likely to succeed in future, are discharged. VIII.-The pay of a cadet is $41.66 per month, with one ration per day, and is considered sufficient, with proper economy, for his support. ARMY LIST. All officers named in this list are graduates of the Military Academy, except those to whose names this [*] mark is prefixed. The column "appointed from," in cases where officers have not served continuously, refers to the State from which they were last appointed. Name, rank, and date of Commission. Fry, James B. 31 Dec.'62...... Hartsutf, Georgre L. 1 June,'64. Kelton, John (. 23 Mar.'66..... Majors. Williams, Robert 17 July'62.. Whipple,'Wm. D. 17 July,'62.. McKeever, Chauncey 17 July,'62 sRuggles, George D. 17 July,'62. NVincent, Thos. M. 17 July,'62. n Greene, Oliver D. 17 July,'62.... aBreck, Samuel 17 July,'62.... *Sherburne, Jno. P. 17 July,'62. Chalfin, Samuel F. 17 June,'63. Pelouze, Louis H. 24 Mar.'64.. *Wood, Henry C. 24 June,'64.. *Leet, George K. 23 Mar.'66... Taylor, Joseph H. 30 Mar.'66.. Pope John 14 July'6~~~~ ~ Ill. INSPECTOR GENERALS. Colo nel s. MAarcy, Randolph B. 9 ALug.'61. Sackiet, Delos B. 1 Oct.'61...... Schriver, Edmun d 13 Mar.'63.. Hardie, James A. 24 Mar.'64... Assistant Inspector Generals. Lieutenant Colonels. Davis, Nelson H. 13 June,'67.. Totten1, James 13 June,'67..... Jones, Roger 13 June,'67...... Mojors. Baird, Absalom 12 Nov.'61..... *Ludington, E. H. 20 Apr.'64.. BUREAU OF MILITAR.Y JUSTICE. Judge Advocate General. Brigadier General. *Holt, Joseph 22 June,'64..... Colonels. Townsend, Edw'd D. 3 Aug.'61. Mass.. Mass. Nichols, William A. 1 June,'64. Penn..' Penn. Lieutenant Colonds. r *Drum, Richard C. 17 July,'62. Penn.. Penn. d 1869.] ARMY LIST. ill App i.td f'... Ill. Mich. Penn. B.,. i.. III..... N. Y.. Penn.. .... Va. Y.. N. Y. d.... Md. . Y.- N.Y. hio.. Ohio. . Y.. N. Y. ass.. Mass. N. H. enii.. Penn. C.... Me. enn.. Tll. y.... Md. ass.. Mass. . Y.. N. Y. eiin.. N. Y. . Y.. N. Y. ass.. )Tass. enn.. Va. . C.. D.C. e-nn.. Penn. clin.. Va. y,... D. C. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ARMY LIST.- Continued. Na_ rn Appointed NApe, kNme, rank, and date of Commission i. Appointed from. Hodges, Henry C. 29 July,'66.. Chandler, John G. 18 Jan.'67... Sawtelle, Chas. G. 18 Jan.'67.. *Dana, James J. 18 Jan.'67..... *Potter, Joseph A. 18 Jan.'67.. *Batchelder, R. N. 18 Jan.'67... *Ludington, M. I. 18 Jan.'67.... *Moore, James M. 13 June,'67.. Judge Advocates. Majors. *Lieber, Guido N. 13 Nov.'62.. *Clinton, De Witt 27 May,'64.. *Winthrop, William 19 Sept.'64. *Burnham, H. B. 31 Oct.'64.... *Dennis, Edgar W. 19 Jan.'65. *Barr, Thomas F. 26 Feb.'65... *Curtis, Herbert P. 21 June,'65. *Goodfellow, Henry 28 Nov.'65. CHIEFl SIGNAL OFFICER OF THE ARMY. Colonel. *Myer, Albert J. 28 July,'66... Asst. Com. Gens. of Subsistence. Colonels. Shiras, Alexander E. 9 Feb.'63. Kilburn, Charles L. 29 June,'64. Lieutenant Colonels. Simpson, M.D. L. 9 Feb.'63.... Clarke, HIenry F. 29 June,'64... CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE GEN ERAL OF THE ARMY. Brigadier General. *Rawlins, John A. 3 Mar.'65.. Commissaries of Subsistence. Majors. Burns, William W. 3 Aug.'61... Beckwith, Amos 29 Sept.'61.... *Taylor, John McL. 9 Feb.'63.. DuBarry, Beekman 9 Feb.'63... Macfeely, Robert 9 Feb.'63..... Haines, Thomas J. 9 Feb.'63... Bell, George 25 April,'65...... Morgan,:Michael R. 17 Nov.'65. QUARTERMASTER'S DEP'T. Quarternaster General. Brigadier General. Meigs, Montg'y C. 15 May,'61.. Asst. Quartermaster Generals. Colonels. Swords, Thomas 3 Aug.'61.... Allen, Robert 28 July,'66..... Donaldson, Jas. L. 28July,'66.. *Rucker, Daniel H. 28 July,'66. Clary, Robert E. 29 July,'66... Ingalls, Rufus 29 July,'66...... Colonel. *Crane, Charles H. 28 July,'66.. Chief Medical Purveyor. Lieutenant Colonel. *Satterlee, Rch'd S. 28 July,'66. Dep. Quartermaster Generals. Lieutenant Colonels. Miller, Morris S. 29 July,'66... Easton, Langdon C. 29 July,'66. Van Vliet, Stewart 29 July,'66. Kirkham, Ralph W. 29 July,'66. McFerran, John C. 29 July,'66.. Holabird, Samuel B. 29 July,'66. Tyler, Robert O. 29 July,'66... *Tompkins, Chs. H. 29 July,'66. *Ekin, James A. 29 July,'66... Myers, Frederick 4 Mar.'67.... Assistant Medical Purveyors. Lieutenant Colonels. *McDougall, Chas. 28 July,'66.. *Murray, Robert 28 July,'66.... *Sutherland, Chas. 28 July,'66.. *Baxter, Jed'h H. 20 July,'67... Quartermasters. Maqoro. Montgomery, Alex. 17 May,'61. Moore, Tredwell 28 July,'66... Ransom, Hyatt C. 28 July,'66.. Eddy, Asher R. 29 July,'66... Saxton, Rufus 29 July,'66.... Bingham, Judson D. 29 July,'66. Perry, Alec. J. 29 July,'66..... RSurgeons. Majors. *Wood, Robert C. 4 July,'36... *Randall, Buirton 7 July,'38... *McLaren, Adam N..S June,'g9. *Wright, Jos. J. B. 26 Mar.'44.. *Cuyer,'John M. 16 Feb.'47.... *Mills, Madison 16 Feb.'47..... Periy, Alex. J. 29 July,'66.Cone.. Coun. 5Mills, Madison 16 Feb.'47.N.Y.. N. Y. [1869. 112 Vt. Mass. Me. N. Y. Mich. N. 1-1. Penn. Penn. Asst. Judge Advocate General. Colonel. *Dunn, Wm. McK. 22 June,'64. ass.. e.... ass.. . Y.. . H.. enn.. enn.. Ind... Ind. S. c... N. Y.. Conn.. N. Y.. N. Y.. Mass.. Mass.. Penn.. . Y. . Y. . Y. enn. . Y. ass. ass. enn. SlUBSISTEwcE DEPARTMENT. ,Commi6sary Gen. Sub,istence. Brigadier General. aton, Amos B. 29 June,'64.... . Y.. . Y. enn.. N. J. enn.. Penn. . Y.. . Y. . Y.. N. Y. enn.. Penn. Ohio.. Vt.... D. C.. N. J... Penn.. N I-I.. Md.... N. S... Ohio. Vt. Ky. D. C. Penn. N. H. Md. La. ..... I enn. MIEDicAL DEPARTMENT.. Surgeon General. B7igadier General. *Bames, Joseph K, 22 Aug.164. A88istant Surgeon General. . Y.. hio.. d.... . i... SS.. e.... . Y. nd. d. ich,. ass. e. enn. nn. . I... ass. . Y.. O.... . Y.. ass.. ... n.. . Y.. .... enn" onn.. . Y. 0. . Y. ass. yonn. onn. . Y. enn. onn. . Y.. Obio.. Md.... Penn.. vt.... ind. Md. Penn. Vt. Penn.. Ohio.. N. Y.. R. I... Mass.. N. Y.. Conn.. Penn. Ohio. N. Y. R. 1. Mass. Ind. Conn. R. I... Md.... Scot'd. Penn.. Ga.... N. Y.. R. 1. Md. S. C. Penn. Ga. N. Y. ARMY LIST. ARMY LIST.- Continued. Name, rank, and date of Commission. B orn in. Aotd *Abadie. Eugene H. 24 July,'53. Fr'ce.. Penn. *McCormick, Chas. 7 Dec.'53... D. C..!D. C.: *Laub, Charles H. 17 Oct.'54... D. C.. ID. C. *Simpson, Josiah 12 Aug.'55... N.J... Penn. *Sloan, William J. 20 Dec.'55.. Penn.. Penn. *King, William S. 29 Aug.'56... Penn.. Penn. *Simons, James 29 Aug.'56..... S. C..!. 2C. *Holden, Levi H. 23 April,'60.. IR. I... R. I. *Keeney, Chas. C. 23 June,'60.. IN. Y.. Mich. *Head, John F. 6 Sept.'60...... I Mass... Mass. *E.dwards, Lewis A. 19 Feb.'61.1 D. C. iD. C. *iammolnd, John F. 2,5 Feb.'61. 1 S. C...! S. C. *Baily, Elisha J. 15 May,'61.... Penn.. Penn. *Cooper, Geo. E. 21 May,'61....i Pe nn.. tPen. *Swift, Ebenezer 21 MayS61... Mass.. Ohio. *Perin, Glover 21 May,'61...... Ohio.. Ohi o. *Campbell, John 21 May,'61.... N. Y.. N. Y. *Summers, John E. 21 May,'61. Va.... Va. *'IcParlin, Thos. A. 21 May,'61. M.... Md. *Brown, Joseph B. 4 July,'61.. N. Y.. Mic h. *iIasson, Alex. B. 17 Aug.'61... Md... Md. *5Iagruder, David L. 16 Apr.'62. Md... Va.. *.Iilhau, John J. 16 Apr.'62 Frc.. N..Y. *Wirtz, Horace R. 16 Apr.'62... Penn.. Penn. *PaQe, Charles 16 Apr.'62......Va... Va... Va. *Norris, Ba1.'11 16 Apr.'62....... M d.... Md. *Vollum, Edw. P. 12 May,'62... N. Y.. N. Y. *3Ioore, John 11 June,'62.....14Nv6D... Ind.... Ind. *Smith, Andrew K. 11 June,'62. Conn.. Conn. *Alexander, R. H. 11 June,'62.. Ind. T. Ky. *Smith. Joseph R. 11 Jutne,'62.. N. Y.. N.Y. *Ghisclin, Jas. T. 14 June,'62.. Md.... Md. *Randolph, John F. 27 Autg.'62. Va.... La. *Irwin, Bern'd J. D. 16 Sept.'62. Irel'd. N.Y. *Heger, Anthony 17 Sept.'62... Aust.. Penn. *Alexander, Chas. T. 9 Feb.'63. Ch. N. Ark. *Clements, B. A. 27 Feb.'63.... D. C.. N.Y. *Baily Joseph C. 1 Dec.'64..... Penn.. Penn. *:IcKee, James C. 22 Dec.-64... Penn.. Penn. *Bill, Joseph H. 28 July,'66.... Penn.. Penn. *Peters, DeWitt C. 28 July,'66.. N. Y.. N. Y. *Alden, Charles H. 28 JuLly,'66.. Penn.. Penn. *Webster, Warren 28 July,'66.. IN. H.. Mass. *Byrne, Charles C. 28 Jutly,'66.. I Md M B... Md. *Wa_-ner, Clinton 28 July,'66... Md.... Md. *Wrig_ht, Joseph P. 28 July,'66. Penn.. Penn. *Gray, Chas. C. 28 July,'66.N.... N. Y.. N. Y. *Spencer, Wm. C. 28 July,'66.. N. Y.. N.Y. *Town, Francis L. 20 Oct.'66..Pe. N. H.. Penn. *3Mrechem, Abel F. 16 June,'67.. Md.... Md. *Bache, Dallas 5 Aug.'67..... DHlPtP. D.C.. Penn. *Fryer, Blencoe E. 30 Oct.'67.. Eng'd. Penn. *Frantz, John H. 19 Dec.'67.. Penn.. Md. *Goddard, Chas. E. 6 Jan.'68... N. Y.. N. Y. PAY DEPARTMENT. Paymaster General. Brigadier General. Brice, Benjamin W. 28 July,'66. Va.... Ohio. Assistant Paymaster Generals. Colonels. *Brown, Nathan W. 28 July,'66. N. Y.. N. Y. McClure, Daniel 28 July,'66.... Ind.... Ind. Deputy Paymaster Gererals. Lieutenant Colonels. *Leonard, Hiram 6 Sept.'62.... Vt.... N.Y. Fry, Cary 11. 28 July,'66........ Ky.... Ky. 8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Nam, rak, and date of C ommisi on. Mc_or8. Leslie, Thomas J. 27 Nov.'15... Alvord, Benjamin 22 June,'54.. Hunt, F ranklin E. 2 Mar.'5.... Prince, Henry 23 May,'55....... Woods, Samuel 24 Dec.'56...... Seward, Aug.. H. 27 Mar.'61.... *Kinzie, Robert A. 2 May,'61.. *Febiger, Geo. L. 3 May,'61.... *Taggart, David 30 May,'61..... Pratt, Henry C. 14 JuAne,'61.... *Smith, Simeon 29 Aug.'61..... *Larned, Chas. T. 30 Aug.'61... *Wright, Edward 23 Feb.'64... *Brua, John P. 23 Feb.'64...... *Smith, Rodney 23 Feb.'64..... Eaton, Joseph H. 21 Apr.'64.... *Potter, Jas. B. M. 15 July,'64.. *Ihrie, George P. 14 Apr.'6(6.... *Rucker, Wim. A. 16 Apr.'66... *Walker, Robert C. 4 May,'66.. *Johnston, Wm. H. 28 July,'66. *Pomeroy, George 28 July,'66.. *Steinberger, Justus 8 Nov.'66. *Moore, William G. 14 Nov.'66., *Gibson, William R. 17 Jan.'67.1 *Halsey, Thomas H. 17 Jan.'67.i *Rochester, Wm. B. 17 Jan.'67. *Reese, Henry B. 17 Jani.'67.... *Hodge, John L. 17 Jan.'67..... *Sprague, Charles J. 17Jan.'67.. *Vedder, Nicholas 17 Jain.'67... *Judd, Edwin D. 17 Jan.'67.... *Hanna, Valentine C. 17 Jan.'67. *Smith, William 17 Jan.'67..... *Smith, John W. 17 Jan.'67.... *Terrell, Charles M. 17 Jan.'67.. *Stanton, Thad. H. 17 Jan.'67.. *Glenn, George E. 17 Jan.'67.. *Burbank, Jacob E. 17 Jan.'67. *Mayer, Brantz 17 Jan.67...... *Nicholls, James W. 17 Jan.'67. *Clarket Robert D. 17 Jan.'67.. *Nelson, James H. 17 Jan.'67.. *Walker, John S. 17 Jan,'67.... *Wingard, Chas. W. 17 Jan.'67. *Canby, James P. 17 Jan.'67.... *Hall, Peter P. G. 17 Jan.'67... *Candee, George W. 17 Jan.'67. *Brooke, Edmund H. 17 Jan.'67. *Dewey, Israel O. 17 Jan.'67.... *Dana, Samuel 7 Mar.'67....... *Pearce, Sam'l A., Jr. 9 Mar.'67. *Mears, James R. 13 Mar.'67.... *Allison, Thomas S. 1 Apr.'67.. *Etting, Frank M. 13 Apr.'67... *Morrow, Robert 9 Mfay,'67.... Carey, Asa B. 5 Oct.'67......... *Stewart, Isaac S. I8 Oct.'67... 8 1869.1 113 Payma.gters. App i,,,,l Eng'd. Penn. Vt.... Vt, N. J... N. J. Me.... Me. Ind.... Ind. Y... N. Y. ..... Kan. Penn.. Del. Penn.. Penn. Mass.. Mass. N. Y... Minn. Mich.. Mo. Mass.. Ill. Penn.. Penn. Vt.... Ky. Mass.. 111. R. I... R. 1. Penn..'Cal. Mich.. Mich. Penn.. Penn. Ohio.. Ohio. N. Y... N. Y. Penn.. W. T. D. C... D. C. S. C... Oreg. N. J... Vt. N. Y.. N.Y. Ohio. Ohio. Penn.. Penn. Me.... Cal. N.Y... Ill. Conn.. Conn. Ind.... Ind. Vt.... Minn. Conn.. Mo. nd.... Ky. d.... Iowa. Ohio.. Ohio. enn.. Ind. d.... Md. . C... Tenn. enn.. Penn. ich.. Mich. e.... Me. enn.. Penn. el.... Del. enn.. Penn. . J... Ill. d.... Md. t... N. H. ass.. Mass. I... R. 1. Y... WiLl. enn.. N. J. enn.. Penn. enn.. Tenn. onn.. Conn. nd..., Ind. 0. 0. CORPS OF ENGINEERS. Chief of Engineers. B7igadier General. mphreys, And. A. 8 Au'6r,.. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ARMY LIST.- Continued. Appoited from. Penn. Ky. N. H. Va. Penn. Mass, Name., rank, and date of Commission, b orn in. Crispin, Silas 7 Mar.'67........ I Pen n. Todd, John W. 7 Mar.'67.......Ky.... Treadwell, Thos. J. 7 MIar.'67.. N H. Baylor, Thos. G. 7 Mar.'67....Va.... Va. Porter, Horace 7 Mar.'67....... Pen n.. Edson, Theodore 15 Dec.'67.... Mass.. i Appointed Boai. from. N.H.. N.H. Mass.. Mass. N. Y.. IPenn. Conn.. Conn. N. Y.. N. Y. N.J... N.J. Co lonels. Cram, Thomas J. 23 Nov.'65.... earnard, John G. 28 Dec.'65.... Chllum, George W. 7 Mlar.'67... Benham, Henry W. 7 Mar.'67... Macomb, John N. 7 Mar.'67.... Simpson, James H. 7 Mar.'67... Lieutenant Colonlds. Woodruff, Istael C. 15 Aug.'64.. Tower, Zealous B. 11 Nov.'65.. Wright, Ho ratio G. 23 Nov.'65.. Newton, John 28 Dec.'65....... Thom, George 10 J7ly,'66....... Kurtz, John D. 8 Aug.'66....... Alexander, Barton S. 7 Mar.'67. Raynolds, Will iam F. 7 Mar.'67. Stewart, Charles S. 7 Mar.'67... Blunt. C harle s E. 7 Mar.'67..... ioster, John G. 7 Mar.'67...... Duane, James C. 7 Mar.'67..... Majos. Williamson, Robt. S. 7 May,'63. Gillmore, Quincy A. 1 June,'63. Prime, Frederick E. 1 June,'63. Casey, Thomas L. 2 Oct.'63..... Michler, Nathani el 22 Apr.'64.. Parke, John G. 17 June,'64..... Warren, Gouv'r K. 25 June,'64. Mendell, George H. 15 Aug.'64. Abbot, HenryL. 11 Nov.'65.... Craighill, Wm. P. 23 Nov.'65... Comstock, Cyrus B. 28 Dec.'65.. Wheeler, Junics B. 10 July,'66. Weitzel, Godfrey 8 Aug.'66..... Poe, Orlando M. 7 Mar.'67...... Houston, David C. 7 Mar.'67.... M cAlester, Miles D. 7 Mar.'67.. Elliot, George H. 7 Mar.'67..... Robert, Henry M. 7 Mar.'67.... Merrill, Wm. E. 7 Mar.'67...... Reese, Chauncer B. 7 Mar.'67.. McFarland, Waiter 7 Mar.'67... Bowen, Nicolas 7 Mar.'67...... Babcock, Orville E. 21 Mar.'67.. Wilson, John M. 3 June,'67.... FIRST REG'T OF CAVALRY. Colonel. *Blake, Geo. A. H. l~ Feb.'62.. Lieutenant Colonel. *Elliott, Wash. L. 31 Aug.'66... Majors. Otis, Elmer 9 May,'64.......... Norris, Chas. E. 31 Aug.'66..... *Green, Johni 9 June,'68........ SECOND REG'T OF CAVALRY. Colonel. Palmer, Innis N. 9 June.'63.... THIRD REG'T OF CAVALRY. Colonel. i,ier, William N. 31 Aug.'66... Lieutenant Colonel. Roberts, Benj. S. 28 July,'66... Majors. Whiting, Chas. J. 17 July,'62... ~Lane, William B. 9 Nov.'66.. 3vans Andrew W. 10 May,'67.. ORDNAwCE DEPARTXMWT. Chief of Ordnance. Brigadier General. Dyer, Alexander B. 12 Sept.'64. Colonels. Maynadier, William 1 June,'63. Whiteley, Robt. H. K. 6 Apr.'66. Hagner, Peter V. 7 Mar.'67......... Lieutenant Colonels. Callender, Frank. D. 6 Apr.'66.. Kingsbury, Chas.- P. 22 Dec.'66. Rodman, Thos. J. 7 Mar.'67.... Laidley, Theo. T. S. 7 Mar.'67.. Majors. Benton, James G. 15 Sept.'63... McNutt, John 12 Sept.'64. O...... MIcAllister, Julian 6 Apr.'66.... Ben6t, Stephen V. 22 Dec.'66... FOURTH REG'T OF CAVALRY. Colonel. *Graham, Lawr'ce P. 9 May,'64. Lieutenant Colonel. *Carleton, Jas. H. 31 July,'66... Majors. Hatch, John P. 27 Oct.'63..... *Cram, Geo. C. 12 Oct.'67..... Gordon, Geo. A. 1 Nov.'6..... Benet, Stephen V.22 Dec.'66... Fla.... Fla. 5Duncan, Thomas 28 July,'66.. Dl...Ill.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I I 114 -186.9 N-., , Ad d.t. gf C..i —. ENGINE'ER BATTALION. maj-. ot, Henry L. 11 Nov.'65.... N. J... Mass.. Conn.. Va.... N. H.. D. C... Ky.... Ohio.. At sea. N. H.. N. H.. N. Y.. N. J. Mass. Conn. Va. N. H. D. C. Ky. Ohio. N, J. N. Y. N. H. N. Y. ass.. I enn.. Penn. Penn. enn.. Ohi.. d.... Ind. erm.. Army. N. Y.. Ohio.. Italv.. N. C " Penn Penn:, N. Y.: Pen.. Mass.. Va.... Mass.. N. C... Ohio.. Ohio.. N. Y.. N. Y.. Mass.. S. C... Wis... N. Y.. N. J... N. Y.. Vt..... D. C... N. J. Ohio. N. Y. R. I. Penn. Penn. N. Y. Penn. Mass. Va. Mass. N. C. Ohio. Ohio. N. Y. Mich. - Mass. Ohio. At le N. N. Y. N. Y. Vt. W. T. . y . Y. Lieutenant Colonel. *Brackett, Albert G. 9 June,'68. Mai-8. Sweitzer, Nelson B. 28 July,'66. Howland Geo. W. I Dec.'66.... i -i.168... *Brisbin, ames S I Jai Y.. Ind. enn.. Penni, . I... R. I' enn.. Penn. enn.. Penn. Iowa. t.... ss.. Cal. .. -: AM ... dY.' Va..... 0. d.... D. C. d.... Del. . C... D. C. e.... . Y.. . Y.. Me. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. . Y.. . Y.. nd.... . Y. . C. d. FIFTH R-EGT OF CAV.&LRY. Colonel. ory, William H. 27 Oct.'63.. Lieutenant Colonel. Duncan, Thomas 28 July,'66.. . H.. hio.. . Y.. la.... . R. hio. a. la. d... ..... Ill. i, ARMY LIST. ARMY LIST.- Continued. Appointed fro.. N. Y. Mo. Ky. Name, rank, and date of Commission. Born in. FIRST REG'T OF ARTILLERY. Colonel. Vogdes, Israel 1 Aug.'63....... Penn. Lieutenant Colonel. Haskin, Joseph A. 26 July,'66.. N. Y.. Majors. Brannan, John M. 1 Aug.'63.... D.C.... Hamilton, John 13 Aug?66..... At sea. Best, Clermont L. 5 Fb.'67........... N. Y. SECOND REG'T OF ARTILLERY. Colonel. Barry, William F. 11 Dec.'65... N.Y.. Lieutenant Colonel. French, William H. 8 Feb.'64.. Md...... Majors. Allen, Harvey A. 1 Aug.'63...... *. C. Beckwith, Edw. G. 8 Feb.'64. -N. Y.. Tidball, John C. 5 Feb.'67...... Va.... THIRD REG'T OF ARTILLERY. Colonel. Sherman, Thos. W. 1 June,'63.. R. I.. Lieutenant Colonel. Hunt, Henry J. 1 Aug.'63....... Ohio. Ma~jors. Gibson, Aug. A. 25 July,'63... e.... Me *DeRussy, G. A. 26 July,'66.... N. Y.. Gibson, Horatio G. 5 Feb.'67... Md.... FOURTH REG'T oF ARTILLERY. Colonel. Brooks, Horace 1 Aug.'63........ Mass Lieutenant Colonel. Roberts, Joseph 11 Aug.'63...Del.... Del - ~ajors. K.[ Howe, Albion P. 11 Aug.'63.... M e... Stewart Joseph 11 Dec.65.. Ky Morgan, Chas. H. 5 Feb.'67...... N.Y FIFTH REG'T OF, ARTILLERY. Colonel. Burton, Henry S. 11 Aug.'63.... N.Y.. Lieutenant Coloned. Hill, Bennett H. 1 Aug.'63...... D. C. Majors. Hays, William 1 Aug.'63........ Va.... Andrews, Geo. P. 28 July,'66... Conn.. Seymour, Truman 13 Aug.'66... Vt... FIRST REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Buchanan Rob't C. 8.e.'64.... Md..... Lieutena nt ColoDe. Wood, William H. 3 Dec.'63.... Mass.. Appointed from. Name, rank, and date of Commision.. Majors. Carr, Eugene A. 17 July,'62.... N. N.Y.. *Royall, W1ill'am B. 7 Dec.'63.. Va.... *Crittenden, Eug.W. 28 July,'66. Ky.... SIXTH REG'T OF CAVALRY. Colonel. Oakes, James 31 July,'66....... Pen n.. Lieutenant Colonel. Sturgis, Samuel D. 27 Oct.'63... Penn.. Majors. *Morris, Robert M. 11 Mar.'63.. D. C... *Starr, Samuel H. 25 Apr.'63... N.Y.. Lowe, Wm. W. 31 July,'66..... Ind... SEVENTH REGAL OF CAVALRY. Colonel. Smith, Andrew J. 28 July,'66... Penn.. Lieutenant Colonel. Custer, George A. 28 July,'66... Ohi o.. Majors. Gibbs, Alfred 28 July,'66....... N. Y.. *Elliott, Joel H. 7 Mar.'67..I.... Ind.... Tilford. Joseph G. 14 Nov.'67... Ky.... EIGHTH REG'T OF CAVALRY. Colonel. *Gregg, John I. 28 July,'66....... Penn.. Lieutenant Colonel. *Deven, Thos. C. 28 July,'66... N. Y.. Mayors. *Alexander, And. J. 28 July,'66. Ky.... *Price, William R. 28 July,'66.. Ohio.. *Ciendenin, David R. 22 Jan.'66. Penn.. NINTH REG'T OF CAVALRY. Colonel. *Hatch, Edward 28 July,'66.... Me.... Lieutenant Colon,-. M.erritt, Wesley 28,July,'66..... N. Y.. Majors. *'"ade, James F. 28 July,'66... Ohio.. *Forsyth, Geo. A. 28 July,'67... Penn.. *Iorrow, Albert P. 6 Alar.'67.. Ill..... TENTH REG'T OF CAVALRY. Colonel. *Grierson, Benj. H. 28 July,'66. Penn.. Lieutenant Colonel. Davidson, John W. 1 Dec.'66... Va.... Majors. Forsyth, James W. 28 July,'66.. Ohio.. *Kidd, Meredith H. 6 Mar.'67.. Ind... *Yard, John E. 7 Mar.'67....... Penn.. d 1869.] 115 Penn. N. Y. Ind. Ind. N. Y. Penn. Penn. D. C. Army. Iowa. N. Y. D. C. N. C. N. Y. Ohio. Penn. Ohio. N. Y. Ind. Ky. R. 1. Oh'ib. Me. Va. Penn. Penn. N. Y. lkfo. Ohio, Ill. Mass. D,el. Me. KY N. . I;wa. 1. hio. II. enn. Vt. D. 0. Tenn. N. C. Vt. Va. Ohio. Ind. Cal. D. C. Mass. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ARMY LIST.- Continued. Name, rank, and date of Commission. EIGHTH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Bomford, Jas. V. 18 May,'64.... Lieutenant Colonel. *Edie, John R. 13 Sept.'64...... Mcaor. Cogswell, Milton 8 Oct.'64...... NINTH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. *King, John H. 30 July,'65..... Lieutenant Colonel. *Woodruff, D. 26 Mar.'68....... Major. Mack, Oscar A. 19 June,'66..... TENTH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Alexander, Edm'd B. 3 Mar.'55. Lieutenant Colonel. Sidell, William H. 6 May,'64.... Major. *McKibbin, DavidB. 15 Sept.'67 11TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Ketchum, William S. 6 May,'64. Lieutenant Colonel Granger, Robert S. 12 June,'65. Major. Huston, Daniel, Jr. 1 Aug.'63.. 12TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Augur, Christop'r C. 15 Mar.'66. Lieutenant Colonel. *Wallace, Geo. W. 15 Mar.'66.. Major. Maynadier, Henry E. 4 Nov.'63. 13TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Reeve, Isaac V. D. 14 Oct.'64... Lieutenant Colonel. *Andrews, Geo. L. 14 Oct.'64.. t ia mjor. *Clinton, William 17 Feb.'64... 14TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Appointed from. Name, rank, and date of Commission. Major. Gibson, George 12 Jan.'68...... SECOND REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Burbank, Sidney 16 Sept.'62.... Lieutenant Colonel. *Crawford, Sam'l W. 17 Feb.'64. Major. *Collins, Joseph B. 20 Jan.'65.. THIRD REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Hoffman, William 25 Apr.'62... Lieutenant Colonel. Sully, Alfred 28 July,'66........ Major. Douglass, Henry 28 July,'66.... FOURTH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Flint, Franklin F. 8 July,'68.... Lieutenant Colonel. Slemmer, Adam J. 8 Feb.'64... Major. Dye, Wm. McE. 14 Jan.'66..... FIFTH REG'T OF INFANTRY. . Colonel. *Butterfield, Daniel 1 July,'63.. Lieutenant Colonel. Sykes, George 16 Oct.'63....... Major. English, Thos. C. 27 Aug.'63... SIXTH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Floyd-Jones, DeL. 25 June,'67.. Lieutenant Colonel. Clitz, Henry B. 4 Nov.'63....... Majors. Roy, James P. 16 Feb.'65....... Williams, Geo. A. 15 Mar.'66... SEVENTH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. *Sprague, John T. 12 June,'65.. Lieutenant Colonel. Gilbert, Chas. C. 8 July,'68..... Majors. Black, Henry M4. 25 July,'63.... Blunt, Matthew M. 30 July,'65.. Blunt Mate.3 uy'5.N..NY Lvel hre.6Fb'5.Ms. y 116 [1869. B- i.. App.i. d f"... Penn. B.- i.. Penn.. N. Y.. Penn.. Ind.... D. C. Penn. Ind; Mass.. Penn.. D. C... Mass. Penn. D. C. Mich.. N. J... N. H.. Mich. N. J. N. H. N. Y.. Penn.. N. Y.. N. Y. Penn. N. Y. KY.... N. Y.. Penn.. Ky. N. Y. Penn. N. H.. Penn.. Penn.. ,Alass. enn. Ohio. Conn.. Ohio.. Me.... Conn. Ohio. N. Y. N. Y.. Md.... Penn.. N. Y. Md. Penn. N. Y.. Penn.. Va.... ich. Penn. D. C. N. Y.. N. Y.. Enq. N... N. Y. Mich, Va. N. Y. N. Y.. R. I... Penn.. N. Y. 3TO. Penn. ',Uass.. Ohio.. Mass. Ohio. Coibnel. Penn.. N. Y.. enn. . Y. *Lovell, Charles S. 16 Feb.'65.. Ss.. rmy. ARMY LIST. ARMY LIST.- Continued. Name, r ank, and date of Commission. 21ST REG'T OF INFANTRY, Colond. Stoneman, George 28 July,'66.. Lieutenant Colonel. Carroll, Samuel S. 22 Jan.'67... Major. *Anderson, T. M. 26 Mar.'68... 22D REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Stanley, David S. 28 July,'66... Lieutenant Colonel. *Otis, Elwell S. 28 July,'66..... Major. Chambers, Alex. 5 Mar.'67..... 23D REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colon0el. *Davis, Jefferson C. 28 July,'66. Lieutenant Coloniel. Crook, George 28 July,'66..... Major. Marshall, Louis H. 16 Oct.'63... 24TI REG'T OF INFANTRY. Coloned. Gillem, Alvan C. 28 July,'66.... Lieutenant Colonel. Ames, Adelbert 28 July,'66..... Masuor. *Dudley, N. A. M. 13 Sept.'64.. 25TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Granger, Gordon 28 July,'66.... Lieutenant Colonel. Upton, Emory 28 July,'66...... Major. Swaine, Peter T. 29 Dec.'65.... 26TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel Reynolds, Joseph J. 28 July,'66. Lieutenant Colonel. McCook, Alex. McD. 5 Mar.'67.. Major. *Bootes, Levi C. 20 Sept.'63.... 27TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. *Smith, John E. 28 July,'66.... Name, rank, and dat. af Commission. Lieutenant Colonzl. Wallen, Henry D. 30 July,'65... Major. Freedley, Henry W. 31 Dec.'67. 15TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Shepherd, Oliver L. 21 Jan.'63.. Lieutenant Colonel. *Hayden, Julius 28 July,'66.... Major. Hudson, E. McK. 4 Nov.'65.... 16TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Color/d. Sibley, Caleb C. 20 Apr.'64..... Lieutenant Colonel. *Maloney, Maurice 21 June,'67. Maor. *Sweeney, Thos. W. 20 Oct.'63. 17TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colond. Heintzelman, S. P. 14 May,'61.. Lieutenant Colonel. Hayman, Sam'I B. 15 Sept.'67.. Major. Gay, Ebenezer 16 Sept.'67....... 18TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. *Carrington, H. B. 14 May,'61.. Lieutenant Colonel. Wessells, Henry W. 16 Feb.'65. Majcor. Van Voast, James 29 Dec.'63... 19TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Dawson, Sam'l K. 28 July,'66... Lieutenant Co.lone. Lugenbeel, Pinck'y 25 June,'67. M~ajor. Latimer, Alfred E. 25 June,'67.. 20TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Sykes, George 12 Jan.'68....... Lieutenant Colonel. Hunt, Lewis C. 29 Mar.'68...... Major. Neill, Thomas tI. 26 Aug.'63... Neill, Thomas 11.26 Aug.'63... Penn.. Penn. *Smith, John E. 23 July,'66.... Penn. Ill. I 117 1869.] .pp.i.td f... Fla. Penn. App.l.t f,-. B.- i.. B- i.. Ga..... Penn.. N. Y.. D. C... Ohio.. N. Y.. D. C. Ohio. - N. Y.. N. Y.. Conn.. N. Y. Fla. Coian. Ohio.. Md.... N. Y.. Ohio. N. Y. N. Y. Mass.. Irel'd.. Irel'd.. Mass. Army. N. Y. Ind. Ohio. Md. Ind.... Ohio.. Va.... Penn.. Penn.. N. H.. Penn. Penn. N. H. Tenn.. Me.... Mass.. Tenn. Me.. Mass. Conn.. Conn.. N. Y.. Ohio. Conn. N. Y. N. Y.. N. Y.. N. Y.. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. Penn.. Md.... S. C.. Penn. Ohio. S. C. ,Ky.... Ohio., D. C... nd. Ohio. Army. Md.... Wis... Penn.. md. I.,&O. Penn. Penn.. Ill. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ARMY LIST.- Contiaued. Name, rank, and date of Commission. 34TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. *Pennypacker, G. 28 July,'66... Lieutenant Colonel. Kautz, August V. 28 July,'66... Major. Carlin, William P. 8 Feb.'64.... 35TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Doubleday, Abner 15 Sept.'67.. Lieutenant Colonel. Wilson, James H. 28 July,'66... Major. Mason, John S. 14 Oct.'64...... 386TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Gibbon, John 28July,'66....... Lieutenant Colonel. *Morrow, Henry A. 28 July,'68. Major. Lewis, William H. 14 July,'64.. 37TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Getty, George W. 28 July,'66... Lieutenant Colonel *Brooke, John R. 28 July,'66... Major. Fleming, Hugh B. 28 July,'66.. 38TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Hazen, William B. 28 July,'66.. Lieutenalnt Colonel. Grover, Cuvie r 28 July,'66...... .lf,aor. *Merriam, Henry C. 28 July,'66. 39TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. *Mower, Joseph A. 28 July,'66. Lieutenant Colonel. *Wheaton, Frank 28 July,'66... Major. Bliss, Zenas R. 6 Auttg.'67....... 40TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. *Miles, Nelson A. 28 July,'66... Name, rank, and date of Commission. Lieutenant Colonel. *Bradley, Luther P. 28 July,'66. Major. Townsend, Ed. F. 22 June,'68.. 28TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. *Smith, Charles H. 28 July,'66.. Lieutenant Colonel. Ayres, Romeyn B. 28 July,'66.. Major. *Ross, Samuel 8 July,'68....... 29TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Willcox, Orlando B. 28 July,'66. Lieutenant Colonel. *Buell, George P. 28 July,'66... Major. *Bissell, Lyman 4 Mar.'64...... 30TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. *Stevenson, John D. 28 July,'66. Lieut enant Colonel. Potter, Joseph H. 28 July,'66... Major. D odge, Richard I. 21 June,'64.. 31ST REG'T OF INFANTRY. Coronet. *DeTrobriand, P.. R. 28 July,'66. Lieutenant Colonel. Bowman, And. W. 6 June,'67.. Major. Whistler, Jos. N. G. 31 Dec.'64. 32D REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonet. *Crittenden,Thos. L. 28 July,'66 Lieutenant Colonel. Dent, Frederick T. 31 Dec.'67.. Major. Chapin, Gurden 18 May,'64..... 33D REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Ruger, Thomas H. 28 July,'66.. Lieu,tenant Colonel. Woods, Charles R. 28 July,'66.. Major. Wilkins, John D. 6 May,'64.... Wikn,Jhq.6My'4..N. en ~ls esnA2Jl,6..Ms. as .[1869. 118 App.i.t.d f,-... Ill. Wis. App.,d f'... B.- i.. Conn.. N. Y.. B.. i.. Penn.. Ger'y.. Penn. Ohio. Ill. Me.... N. Y.. N. Y.. Me. N. Y. Iowa. N. Y.. Ohio.. N. Y. Ill. Ohio. Mich.. Ind.... Conn.. Mich. Ind. Conn. P,enn.. va.... Ala.... N. C. Alich. N. Y. Va.... N. H.. N. C.. Mo. N. H. N. C. D. C... Penn.. Penn.. D. C. Penn. Penn. Fralce. Penn.. Wis... N. Y. Penn. Fla. Vt..... Me.... Me.... Ohio. Me. Me. Ky.... Mo...., D. C... Ky. Mo. Va. Vt..... Conn. R. I... R. I. R. I... R. I. Mass.. Mass. N. Y.. Ohio. N. Y.. Wis. Ohio. Penn. ARMY LIST. ARMY LIST.- Continued. Name, rank, and date of Commission. Born in. 43D REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. *Robinson, John C. 28 July,'66. N. Y.. Lieutenant Colonel. *Kiddo, Joseph B. 28 July,'66.. Penn.. Major. Hardin, Martin D. 28 July,'66.. Ill..... 44TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Pitcher, Thos. G. 28 July,'66... Ind.... d Lieuterant Colonel. Webb, Alex. S. 28 July,'66....... N. Y. Major. *Lewis, John R. 22 Jan.'67..... Penn.. 45TH REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. *Swayne, Wager 28 July,'66.... Ohio... Lieutenant Colonel. *Woodward, Geo. A. 28July,'66. Penn.. aBe'. jor.. *Runkle. Belli. P. 28 July.'66... Oho.. Name, rank, and date of Commission. Lieutenant Colonel. *Hinks, Edward W. 28 July,'66. Major. *Compton, Chas. E. 28 July,'66. 41sT REG'T OF INFANTRY. Colonel. Mackenzie, Ranald S. 6 Mar.'67. Lieutenant Colonel. *Shafter, Wm. R. 28 July,'66... Major. *Schofield, Geo. W. 28 July,'66. 42D REG'T OF INFANTRY. * Colonel. *Sickles, Daniel E. 28 July,'66.. Lieutenant Colonel. *McIntosh, John B. 28 July,'66. Ma~jor. *Rodenbough, T. F. 28 July,'66. RETIRED FROM ACTIVE SERVICE. Name, rank, Regiment or Corps, and date of Bo; i Commission. Seawell, Washington 17 Oct.'60. Va.... 6th Infantry. *Simonson, Jno. S. 13 May,'61. Penn.. 3d Cavalry. *Morrison, Pitcairn 6 June,'61. N. Y.. 8th Infantry. Cady, Albemarle 20 Oct.'63..... N. H. 8th Infantry. Lieutenant Colonels. Morris, Thompson 3 Mar.'55... Ohio.. 4th Infantry. Andrews, George 18 Oct.'55.... D.C... D. C 6th Infantry. *Morris, Gouv'r 31 May,'57..... N. Y. 1st Infantry. Ruff, Charles F. 10 June,'61.... Penn.. 3d Cavalry. Alexander, T. L. 31 July,'61.... Va..... 5th Infantry. Eastman, Seth 9'Sept.'61....... M e.... 1st Infantry. *Steen, Enoch 28 Sept.'61...... Ky..... 2d Cavalry. Whiting, Daniel P. 15 Feb.'62.. N. Y.. 6th Infantry. Chapman, William 20 Feb.'62.. Md.... 3d Infantry. Patten, George W. 7 June,'62.. R. I... 2d Infantry. Arnold, Lewis G. 1 Aug.'63.... N.J... 2d Artille ry. Sitgreaves, Lorenzo 22 Apr.'64. Penn.. I Engineers. Name, rank, Regiment or Corps, and date of Commission. On their own application, after forty or neore consecutive years of tservice, in coi~foirmity with section 15 of the act of August 3, 1861. Colonels. Abercrombie, J. J. 25 Feb.'61.. 7th Infantry. *Finley, Clem'nt A. 15 May,'61. Surgeon General. *Gardner, John L. 23 July,'61.. 2d Artillery. Casey, Silas 9 Oct.'61........... 4th Infantry. Day, Hannibal 7 June,'62....... 6th Infantry. Mayor. Porter, Giles 16 Feb.'47........ 4th Artillery. For incapacity, resulting from long andfaitiful service-from wounds or thjury received from diseaseco'tracted, orfrom exposure in the line of duty, in conformity with sections 16 and 17 of the act of Aug. 3, 1861. General Officer. Anderson, Robert 15 May,'61... Brigadier General. Colonels. Bonneville, B. L. E. 3 Feb.'55.. 3d Infantry. 3d Infantry. Engineers.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ t d 1869.1 119 0 App t.d f"... B.- i.. App. t.d f... e.... Ss. N. Y. Penn. Di. . J... owa. . Y.. tllge. Mich. Ind. N. Y. Vt. ,Mich.. N. Y.. . Y.. . Y. Ohio. Penn. Ohio. la.... tl'ge. ; Penn.. Penn. App.l.t.d f... Va. Ind. N. Y. N. ]El. ._.. App.i.t.d f... Tenn.. Ohio.. Mass.. R. I... Vt..... Tenn. Ohio. i-Aass. R. 1. Vt. Ohio. D. C. N. Y. Mo. Ky. )le. Mo. N. Y. Md. R. 1. N.,T. Penn.' N. Y.. N. Y. KY.... Fra'ce. i Y. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. RETIRED FROM ACTIVE SERVICE.- Contiued. Name, rank, Regiment or Corps, and date of Commission. *Thomas, Charles 1 Aug.'56.... Quartermaster's Dep't. Brown, Harvey 14 May,'61...... 5th Artillery. Hunter, David 14 May,'61..... 6th Cavalry. Merchant, Chas. S. 28 Aug.'61.. 4th Artillery. *Howe, Marshall S. 28 Sept.'61. 3d Cavalry. Dimick, Justin 26 Oct.'61..... lst Artillery. Crosman, Geo. H. 26 Feb.'63... Quartermaster's Dep't. Thayer, Sylvanus 3 Mar.'63..... Engineers. Bache2 Hartman 3 Mar.'63..... Engineers. Brewerton, Henry 22 Apr.'64... Engineers. .Vinton, David,H. 29 Jutly,'66... Quartermaster's Dep't. Babbitt, Edwin B. 29 July,'66.. Quartermaster's Dep't. Cross, Osborn 29 July,'66...... Quartermaster's Dep't. Lieutenant Colone l. *Burke, Martin 28 Aug.'61..... 3d Arti llery. iVaCors. Lynde, Isaac 18 Oct.'55......... 1Sth Infantry. * Fran c i s, Simeon 3 Aug.'61.... Pay Dep't. Joho,ers retired Wupon t he full rank ofthe command held by themn when wow/n7ded, i>n conformity with secttions 16 and 17 of the act of AuE. 3, 1861, and section 32 of the act of July 28, 1866. Uponfullrankof Mllajor General. Wood, Thos. J. 9 June,'68..... Colonel 2d Ca va lry. Johnson, Richard W. 12 Oct.'67. Major 4th Cavalry. Ricketts, James B. 3 Jan.'67... Major Ist Artillery. *Long, Eli 16 Auz.'67......... Captain 4th Cavalry. Upon full rank of Brig. General. Paul, Gabriel R. 28 July,'66.... Colonel 14th Infantry. *Fessenden, F. 1 Nov.'66....... Captain 28th Infantry. Upon full rank of Colonel. Marshall, Elisha G. 11 Sept.'67. Major 5th Infantry. *Yates, Theodore 1 Nov.'67.... Captain 31st Infantry. Walker, Moses B. 28 July,'66... Captain 12th Infantry. Upon full rank of Mafor. Clark, Joseph C., Jr., 28July,'66. Captain 4th Artillery. Name, rank, Regimnen or Corps, and date of Commission. Mayors. *DeCamp, S. G. I. 1 Dec.'33.... Medical Dep't. *Porter, John B. 4 Oct.'46...... Medical Dep't. Smith, Joseph R. 11 June.'51.. 7th Infantry. Macrae, Nath'l C. 31 May,'57... 3d Infantry. *Edgar, William F. 21 May,'61. Medical Dep't. Austine, William 23 July,'61.. 3d Artillery. *Jones, Llewellvn 28 Sept.'61.. lst Cavalry. *Newton, Wash. I. 1 Oct.'61... 2d Cavalry. *Lovell, Chris. S. 9 Oct.'61..... 3d Infantry. *Lee, Arthur T. 26 Oct.'61..... 2d Infantry. Gardiner, J. W. T. 26 Oct.'61... 2d Cavalry. *Chase, Daniel 26 Oct.'61....... 13th Infantry. Judd, Henry B. 1 Nov.'61...... 4th Artillery. Whittlesey, Jos. H. 12 Nov.'61. 5th Cavalry. *Prince, Wm. E. 23 Nov.'61.... 3d Infantry. Caldwell, James N. 27 Feb.'62. 18th Infantry. Jordan, Charles D. 27 Feb.'62.. 5th Infantry. *Hendrickson, T. 27 June,'62.. 3d Infantry *Newby, E. W. B. 17 July,'62.. 3d Cavalry. *Tracy, Albert 1 June,'63...... 15th Infantry. *Hastings, D. H. 23 Sept.'63.... 5th Cavalry. McArthur, Jos. H. 25 Sept.'63.. 3d Cavalry. *Larned, Frank H. 3 Jan.'67... 1st Artillery. By direction of the President, in conformity with section 12 of the act of July 17, 1862. General Officers. *Wool, John E. 16 May,'62..... Major General. *Harney, Wm. S. 14 Junie,'58... Brigadier General. Ripley, James W. 3 Aug.'61.... Brig. Gen'l, Chief of Ord. Ramsey, Geo. D. 15 Sept.'63.... Brig. Gen'l, Chief of Ord. Delafield, Richard 22 Apr.'64... Brig. Gen'i, Chief Eng. Colonels. Gates, William 13 Oct.'45...... 3d Artillery. Loomis. Gustavus 9 Mar.'51.... 5th Infantry. *Craig, Henry K. 10 July,'51... Ordnance Dep't. I i i I I .I I I 120 [1869i, App i.td f... Penn. N. J., Ill. N. Y. Me. Vt. - Mass. Mass. Penn. N. Y. R. 1. Ind. Md. B- i.. App. t,, f'... B- i.. Penn.. N. J... D. C... N. Y.. Me.... Conn.. Mass,.. Mass.. Penn.. N. Y.. R. I... Conn.. Md.... N. J... Coipn.. N. Y.. Va.... Ky.... Conn.. N. Y.. D. ... S. C... Penn.. Afe.... Conn.. Conn.. N. Y.. Mass.. Ohio... Mass.. Penn.. Va.... N. Y.. Irel'd.. Mo.... Mich.. N. J. Conn. N. Y. Va. Mo. Conn. N. Y. Va. S. C. Penn. Me. Ohio. Conn. N. Y. Mass. Ohio. Mass. Army. Ill. Me. Army. Mo. Mich. d.... . C. Vt..... Vt. Conn.. Oreg. Ky.... Ky.... N. Y.. Ky.... Ky. Ky. N. Y. Ky. N. Y.. La.... Conn.. Va.... N. Y.. N. Y. L. Conn. D. C. N. Y. Mo.... Mo. Me.... Me. N. Y. Mo. Ohio. N. Y.. MO.... Ohio.. Mass.. Mass. Vt..... lvt. nn..IPenn. . J... N. J. PAY OF THE ARMIY. OFFICER FOR SELF. SUBSISTENCE. 80 $720.00 80 720.00 30 270.00 15 135.00 24 216.00 12 108.00 6 54.00 5 45.00 4 36.00 8 72.00 8 72.00 4 36.00 4 36.00 4 36.00 4 36.00 4 36.00 4 36.00 4 36.00 4 36.00 4 36.00 4 18.00 .............. * 9.00 * tote 49.00 ,ee Note 4.) RANK OR GRADE. BN 8 $1,296.00 $1,321.20 1,16(;.00 1,191.20 616.00 626.20 481.00 486.70 434.50 442.60 326.50 331.00 227.00 229.40 203.00 205.10 179.00 180.80 215.00 218.00 173.00 176.50 137.50 139.00 127.50 129.00 130.8g3 132.331 130.8'-+ 132.381 130.83, 132.3,qi 120.833 122.33i 117.00 119.00 120.83+ 122.33, 112.50 114.00 118.00 118.60 24.00 24.00 11.00 10.70 11.00 0o.7o General........................ Commanding thearmy.............. Lieutenant General............ On duty................2 MIajor General................. Commanding division or department Major General..................................................... Brigadier General............. Commanding division or departmnent Brigadier General................................................... Colonel........................ General staff and regimental........ Lieutenant Colonel............ General staff and regimental........ Major..............,....... Gieneral staff and regimental........ Major.......................... Surgeon of 10 years' service......... Captain....................... ssistant surgeon of 10 years' service Captain...................... iounted............................ Captain........................ Notmottnted........................ Adjutant............................................. Quartermaster.......Regimental........................ R.gi Commissary................... Regimental......................... First Lieutenant............... Mounted.........................5... FirstLieutenant............... Notmounted....................... Second Lieutenant............. Mounted.........................5... Second Lieutenant............. Notmounted......................4... Chaplain.......................| Chalain......................................................... Aide-de-Camp.................. To a Major General................. Aide-de-Camp.................. To a Brigadier General.............. Acting Assistant Commissary....................................... Acting Assistant Commissary...................................20.00 * 9.00.... 11.00 10.70 *LesS one ration.-(See Note 4.) A zo 1.I 9 .0 I -, 4 I 1 2 I I I. 50 50 5 5 4 4 2 2 2 2 :2 2 .... 2 2 2 2 .... 2 .... 2 .... .... FOR SERVANTS. TOTAL. PAY. I -S 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 P.kY. SERVICE. " 6 Ei! $64.00 64.00 64.00 64.00 48.00 48.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 16.(X) 16.00 16.00 16.00 16' 00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 2 N $400.00 240.00 220.00 220.00 124.00 124' 00 110-00 95.00 80.00 80.00 70.00 . 70.00 60.00 63.3-3 63.83i 63.89,i - 53.38i 50.00 .53.38i 45.00 100.00 24.00 20-00 20.00 z tt 9 16.00 6.50 9.00 16.00 6.50 9.00 16.00 6.50 9.00 .............:....... i ....... i............. ....... i....... I....... .... ........ '00.... 9.00.... *Less one ration. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. EXPLANATIONS OF THE PRECEDING TABLE. 1. Double rations are allowed by law to the General-in-Chief Commanding the Army of the United States; to each general officer commanding in chief a separate army actually in the field; to each general officer commanding a geographical division embracing one or more geographical departments; and to each officer commanding a military geographical department. Inll the above table the rations of the general and lieutenant general are doubled. 2. Every commissioned officer of the United States Army, including retired officers, is entitled to one additional ration per day for every five years' service. 3. The rations of surgeons and assistant surgeons are doubled after ten years' continuous service in the same grade. This is in addition to the longevity rations to which they would otherwise be entitled. 4. Subaltern officers, employed on the General Staff, and receiving increased pay therefor, are not entitled to the additional or fourth ration provided by the Act of March 2, 1827, Sec. 2. 5. Officers retired from active service are entitled to tne pay proper of the highest staff or regimental rank held at time of retirement and four rations per day. Officers retired from active service for disability from wounds received in battle, upon the full rank of the command they held at the time such wound was received, are entitled to the retired pay of that rank or grade. Retired officers assigned to appropriate duty by the President are entitled, while so assigned and employed, to the full pay and emoluments of the grade upon which they may have been retired. 6. Ten dollars additional pay per month is allowed to each" Company officer" in actual command of a company. 7. If a fixed salary has been given by law to any military employs of the government, while in active duty, and a defined military rank, either actual or assimilated, has also been conferred upon him by law, his rank and not his salary will control his pay on retirement. This decision is applicable to all chaplains of the army, holding the military rank of captain of infantry, under the provisions of section 7, act of March 2, 1867, when retired from active service. 8. The forage allowances to mounted officers for their horses are required by law to be drawn in aind from the quartermaster's department; but whenever commuted, because the quartermaster is unable to fturnish in kind, the commutation value for each horse actually kept in use and allowed by law is eight dollars per month. ORGANRZATION OF THE REGULAR ARMY. There were in the army January 1, 1868, one General, one Lieutenant General, and other officers, as follows: Major Generals..............................5 Second Lieutenants.......................660 Brigadier Generals.........................19 Chaplains..................................36 Colonels....................................88 M ili tar, Storekeepers......................29 Lieutenant Colonels.................... 103 Medical Storekeepers.......................5 Majors....................................291 Veterinary Surgeons.......................10 Aides-de-Camp..................... 43 Sergeant Majors............................60 Captains..................................738 Quartermaster Sergeants...................60 Adjutants..................................60 Commissary Sergeants....................60 Regimental Quartermasters............... 55 Principal Musicians.......................100 Regimental Quartermasters and Cotnmis- Saddler Sergeants..........................10 saries......................................5 Chief Trumpeters..........................10 Regimental Commissaries..................10 Ordnance Sergeants.......................120 Battalion Adjutant..........................1 Hospital Stewards.........................453 Battalion Quartermaster....................1 Regimental Hospital Stewards..............60 First Lieutenants.........................882 Whole number of general officers..........17 Commissioned officers.............2,98......2s Whole number enlisted.................49,938, Aggregate.............................. 52,922 There were 49 national cemeteries to each of which a superintendent was appointed by the president. There were 406 Indian scouts employed in the territories and Indian country. 122 [1869. There were of cavalry regiments........... 10 Artillery regiments.......................... 5 Infantry regiments......................... 41 'Veteran reserve corps, infantry regiments...4 4 ARTILLERY SCIIOOL-ARMORIES AND ARSENALS. During the session of Congress in June, 1868, Secretary Schofield tramsmitted to the Committee on Military Affairs an estimate of the diminution of the Army by expiration of term of service, death, and desertion up to January 1, 1869, and July 1 of the same year, as follows: Cavalry to Jan. 1.....................4,113 Artillery to July 1I.................. 3,208 Cavalry to July.....................6,347 Infantry to Jan. 1...................12,096 Artillery to Jan. 1................... 1,837 Infantry to July 1...................21,002 The total strength of the Army September 30, 1868, was 48,081. ARTILLERY SCHOOL. The Artillery School was organized at the close of 1867, by order of the General of the Army, and Brevet Major General Barry, Colonel Second Artillery, was assigned to its command. It was established at Fortress Monroe, and one battery from each of the five regiments of artillery was ordered to that post as the instruction batteries for the first year. The course of instruction adopted for the school is both theoretical and practical, embracing a variety of subjects, and is pursued both by the officers and non-commissioned officers of the batteries. The prac:i course for the first year, closed November, 1868. ARMORIES AND ARSENALS. Amories and Arsena. State. Post Office. Commanding officers. Major and Bvt. Colonel James G. Benton. Col. and Bvt. Brigadier General Robert II. K. Whiteley. Capt. and Bvt. Lieut. Colonel Daniel W. Flazler. Major John W. Todd. Major and Bvt. Colonel Julian McAllister. Military Storekeeper, Ephraim D. Ellsworth, in charge. Capt. and Bvt. Major Francis H. Parker. Capt. and Bvt. MajorThomas C. Bradford. Capt. and Bvt.Maj. J. R. Edie,Jr. Major and Bvt. Colonel Thomas G. Baylor. Military Storekeeper, Wm. R. Shoemaker, in charge. Major and Bvt. Lieut. Colonel Stephen V. Ben6t. Capt. and Bvt. Lieut. Colonel William H. Harris. Capt. and Bvt. Lieut. Colonel David H. Buel. Major and Bvt. Lieut. Colonel John McNutt. Military Storekeeper, Wm. H. Rexford, in charge. Lieut. Colonel and Bvt. Colonel Theodore T. S. Laidley. Military Storekeeper, Michael J. Grealish, in charge. Lieut. Col. and Bvt. Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Rodman. Military Storekeeper, James S. Abeel, in charge. Lieut. Col. and Bvt. Brig. Gen. Franklin D. Callender. Captain Isaac Arnold. Capt. Lawrence S. Babbitt. Brig. and Bvt. Major General George D. Ramsay, U.S. A. Lieut. Col. and Bvt. Brig. Gen. Charles P. Kingsbury. Colonel and Bv. Brig. General Peter V. Hagsner. Springfield Armory... Allegheny Arsenal.... Augusta Arsenal...... Baton Rouge Arsenal. Benicia Arsenal...... Champlain Arsenal... Charleston Arsenal.. Columbus Arsenal.... Missouri............ St. Louis........... Texas.............. San Antonio........ Washington Ter.... Vancouver........ a nce Dist. of Columbia.. Washington....... Massachusetts...... Watertown......... New York.......... West Troy......... Springfield......... Pittsburg........... Augusta............ Baton Rouge....... Benicia............ Vergennes.......... Charleston.......... Columbus.......... Dearbonville Old Point Comfort.. Fort Union......... Philadelphia........ Indianapolis........ Augusta............ Fort Leavenworth.. Mount Vernon...... New York.......... Pikesv!Ue.......... Rock Island........ Rome.............. 123 1869.1 Massachusetts...... Pennsylvania....... Georgia............ Louisiana.......... California........... Vermont........... South Carolina..... Ohio................ Michi.zan........... Virgia............ New Mexico........ Pennsylvania....... Indiana.............. Maine.............. Kansas............. Alabama............ New York.......... Maryland.......... II[linois............. New York.......... Detroit Arsenal...... Fort Monroe Arsenal. Fort Union Arsenal.. Frankfort Arsenal.... Indianapolis Arsenal. Kennebec Arsenal.... Leavenworth Arsenal. Mt. Vernon Arsenal.. New York Arsenal... Pikesville Arsenal.... Rock Island Arsenal.. Rome Arsenal........ St. Louis Arsenal.... San Antonio Arsenal. VancouverArsenal... Washington Arsenal.. Watertown Arsenal.. Watervliet Arsenal... i THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MILITARY GEOGRAPHICAL DIvISIONS, DISTRICTS, AND DEPARTMENTS. 1. Division of the Missouri. The Departments of Dakota, of the Missoui, and of the Platte; headquarters at St. Louis, Missouri. 2. D)ivision of the Pacific. The Departments of California and of the Columbia; headquarters at San Francisco, California. 3. Division of the Atlantic. The Departments of the East, of Washington, and of the Lakes; headquarters at Washington, D. C. 4. First Military District. The State of Virginia; headquarters at Richmond, Virginia. 5. Fourth Military District. The State of Mississippi; headquarters at Vicksburg, Mississippi. 6. Fifth Military -District. The State of Texas; headquarters at Austin, Texas. 7. -Department of the East. The New England States, the States of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and the Post of Fort Delaware, Delaware; headquarters at New York City. 8. Department of the La'es. The States of Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana, except the Post of Jeffersonville, Indiana; headquarters at Detroit, Michigan. 9. D)eplartgnent of the Cumnberland. The States of Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia, and the Post of Jeffersonville, Indiana; headquarters at Louisville, Kentucky. 10. Department of the J3issouri. The States of Missouri and Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the Territories of Colorado and New Mexico, except the Posts of Forts Morgan and Sedgwick, C. T., and the stage road from Fort Sedgwick to Denver, C. T.; headquarters at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. 11. Department of the Platte. The States of Iowa and Nebraska, the Territory of Utah, the Territory of Wyoming, so much of the Territory of Montana as lies contiguous to the new road from Fort Laramie, D. T., to Virginia City, M. T., the Posts of Forts Morgan and Sedgwick, C. T., and the stage road from Fort Sedgwick to Denver, C. T.; headquarters at Omaha, Nebraska. 12. Department of Da7ota. The State of Minnesota, the Territory of Dakota, and the Territory of Montana, except so much as lies contiguous to the new road from Fort Laramie, D. T., to Virginia City, M. T.; headquarters at St. Paul, Minnesota. 13. Department of California. The States of California and Nevada, and the Territory of Arizona; headquarters at San Francisco, California. 14. Department of the Columbia. The State of Oregon, and the Territories of Washington and Idaho; headquarters at Portland, Oregon. 15. Deplartment of TWashington. The States of Maryland and Delaware, except the Post of Fort Delaware, Delaware, and the District of Columbia; headquarters at Washington, D. C. 16. Department of the South. The States of North and South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama; headquarters at Atlanta, Georgia. 124 [1869. FREEDMEN'S BUREAU. 17. Department of Louisiana. The States of Louisiana and Arkansas; headquarters at New Orleans, Louisiana. 18. Department of Alaska. Territory of Alaska; headquarters at Sitka, Alaska Territory. (Belongs to the Division of the Pacific). FREEDMEN's BUREAU. The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was established March 3, 1865, and attached to the War Department. By its terms the law was limited to one year after the close of the rebellion. On the 16th of July, A. D. 1866, the law was amended and continued in force for two years, and again on the 25th of July, 1868, an act was passed continuing the educational department of the Bureau, and the collections and payments of money due soldiers and sailors or their heirs, until otherwise ordered by Congress, but the other operations of the bureau were to be withdrawn from the reconstructed states on the 1st of January, 1868. Major General O. O. Howard, was appointed Commissioner of the Bureau on the 12th of May, 1865, and entered upon his duties on the 15th. Ten Assistant Commissioners were appointed in the different states embraced under the Bureau; with one exception, these were officers in the army who were changed from time to time as changes were made in the different military departments. The Bureau was organized with four departments embracing that of Lands, Records, Financial Affairs, and the Medical Departmnent. The Claim Division was subsequently organized under the head of the land department. The Bureau at first had supervision of farming property only, but the orders issued under the act by the President on the 2d of July, 1865, and by the Secretary of the Treasury soon after, placed the Bureau in charge of all real property which had been abandoned, captured, or confiscated, including building lots in cities and towns as well as plantations and farms. As soon as possible after its organization, the land division proceeded to ascertain as accurately as possible the amount and character of the property committed to its charge. By act of Congress approved June 21, 1866, all the public lands in the states of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and Florida were opened for entry by colored and white men without distinction, in half-quarter sections, or 80 acre lots. The officers and agents of the Bureau have been directed to instruct freedmen respecting the location and value of these public lands, and the mode of procedure in order to obtain possession of them. By order of assistant commissioners, surveys have been made and some assistance given in transporting families to their new homes. In February of 1868, 450 entries had been made by freedmen. Nearly 3,000 families have acquired homes in Florida, and great benefits have resulted from their settlement on these public lands. Though less progress has been made in other states many freedmen have secured lands in Mississippi, Arkansas and Louisiana. When the Bureau was established, no appropriation was made for its support. There were however in the several states, funds to a limited amount 1869.] 125 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. derived from various sources which properly come under the control of the Bureau officers. The whole amount received from these sources from January 1, 1865, to January 1, 1868, or three years, was $1,605,694.19; the whole amount expended was $1,544,092.80, leaving in hands of disbursing officers January 1, 1868, $61,601.39. Congress has made two appropriations for the support of this Bureau, as follows: From July 1, 1866 to July 1, 1867................................................... $6,944,450.00 From July 1, 1867, to July 1, 1868.................................................. 3,836,300.00 Total........................................................................ $10,780,750.00 The expenditures have been for Salaries of assistant and sub-assistant commissioners...............................$302,244.88 Salaries of clerks.................................................................... 509,833.80 Stationery and printing.............................................................. -.78,306.14 Quarters and fuiel.................................................................... 196,906.54 Clothing for distribution..............................................................143,735.99 Commissary stores..................................................................1,245,271.76 Medical department..............-....................................................470,834.37 Transportation of officers and agents..................................................131,052.54 Transportation of freedmen and refugees.............................................115,979.87 Transportation of stores.............................................................. 87,490.36 Forage................................................................................ 53,096.28 School Superintendents.............................................................. 28,247.61 Buildings for schools and asylums, (including construction, rental and repairs........558,914.91 Telegraphing and postage............................................................ 35,546.98 Internal revenue (tax withheld on salaries)........................................... 4,981.55 Southern relief........................................................................385,410.81 Agricultural Bureau, (transferred)..................................................... 50,000.00 Total expended..................................................................$4,397,854.39 Amount in Treasury December 31, 1867............................................. $5,736,984.28 Amount in hands of disbursing officers December 31, 1867......................... 645,911.33 Amount on hand December 31, 1867.............................................. $6,382,895.61 The Bureau has received from the hands of Superintendents of negro affairs and other officers a portion of the state bounties of certain colored soldiers amounting to $112,396.44, of which $77,288.96 had been paid back January 1, 1868. The resolution of Congress of March 29, 1867, provided that certain checks and treasury certificates issued in settlement of claims due colored soldiers or sailors who had resided in slave states should be made payable to the Commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau. From April 17, 1867, to January 1, 1868, 7,362 certificates and checks had been received, amounting to $1,536,024.35, of which 5,892 amounting to $950,822.89 had been paid. The bureau for some time after its organization afforded relief to the destitute of all classes in the southern states, but the number thus relieved has gradually diminished. In September, 1865, it was 74,951; in September, 1866, 29,819; and in September, 1867, 11,658. In addition to the regular relief furnished, Congress in March, 1867, authorized a general issue of provisions "to prevent starvation and extreme want in those southern and southwestern states, where a failure of the crops and other causes have occasioned wide-spread destitution." Under this act, corn and meat were dis 1 2-6 [1869. FREEDMEN'S BUREAU. tributed to 58,343 persons daily for a period of four months, at a cost of $2 each per month. A surprising thirst for knowledge on the part of the colored people was discovered soon after the National forces entered the southern states, aftd provision was made for their instruction as early as 1861. After the organization of the Bureau, schools were taken in charge and, in some states, carried on entirely by aid of its funds and under its supervision. In September, 1865, J. W. Alvord, the present General Superintendent, was appointed inspector of schools. He traveled through most of the Southern States, examining the condition of the freedmen, and providing for the establishment and supervision of schools. Various benevolent societies co-operated with the Commissioner and Superintendent in establishing schools and proviling teachers. The act of Congress of July 16, 1866, continuing the bureau appropriated $521,000 for school purposes, the bill also provided for the sale or lease of property formerly belonging to the so called confederate states and the use of the avails for school purposes. After the passage of this act, the schools assumed a more enlarged and permanent character. During the progress of the war, medical aid was frequently required by colored refugees, which was supplied by the medical department of the army. Upon the organization of the Bureau, the care and management of this class of the helpless sick devolved upon it, and stores, medicines, &c., were supplied by its medical division. Land Department. Whole number of acres reported in possession of the Bureau from its organization to December 31, 1867, 636,389. Whole number restored, 400,517. Number of pieces of town property in possession, 4,238; number restored, 3,375. Number of acres in possession Dec. 31, 1867, 235,872. Number of pieces of town property Dec. 31, 1867, 863. Statistics of Schools for Freedmen. January 1, 1866, the whole number of colored schools was 740; teachers of these sdhools, 1,314; pupils, 90,589. For the six months ending January 1, 1868, there were reported 1,486 day or night schools with 1,744 teachers, and 81,878 pupils; 772 sabbath schools with 2,105 teachers, and 57,177 pupils; and 39 industrial schools with 1,603 pupils. Of the above, 25 are high or normal schools. There are also within knowledge of the super. intendent, but not regularly reported, 389 day or night schools with 458 teachers and 18,589 pupils; and 389 sabbath schools, with 2,185 teachers and 30,270 pupils. Schools of all kinds, 3,084; teachers, 6,492; pupils, 189,517. Of the whole number of schools, 1000 are sustained wholly or in part by the freedmen, and they own 364 of the buildings used for school purposes. Number of day and night schools, for six months ending July 1, 1868,1,831; teachers, 2,291; pupils, 104,327; average attendance, 78,402, or over 75 per cent. Tuition was paid by 32,675 pupils, amounting to $95,860.84. Number of Sabbath schools, 1,009; teachers in same, 4,738; pupils, 89,466. Number of industrial schools, 46; pupils, 1,873. The bureau expended for rents, repairs and construction of school buildings during the previous six months, $361,205.48; and for other educational purposes during the same period, $97,201.67; making a total of t458,407.15. The whole amount expended for the support of the above schools by all parties during the last half year has been $571,446.11. As showing the advancement of pupils, 21,032 are studying geography, 31,539 arithmetic, 30,567 are in writing, and 4,675 are in the higher branches. The whole amount expended for all school purposes from the commencement of the bureau to January 1, 1867, was $1,066,394.28. Medical Department. The whole number of freedmen and refugees treated from the organization of the bureau, to December 31, 1867, was 388,516 freedmen, of whorm 19,257 died; 19,722 refugees, of whom 677 died. Greatest number of hospitals existing at any one time, 48; number in operation in 1868, 25; number discontinued during year ending December 31, 1867, 28; largest number of medical officers at a given time, (September, 1866), 118; number employed in 1868, 84; greatest number of hospital attendants, stewards, &c., 430; number of attendants employed in 1868, 317. 1869.] 127 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. NAVY DEPARTMENT. Secretary's Office. The Secretary of the Navy has charge of every thing connected with the naval establishment, and the execution of all laws relating thereto under the general direction of the President. All instructions to commanders of squadrons, and commanders of vessels; all orders to officers; commissions of officers, both in the navy and marine corps; appointments of commissioned and warrant officers, and orders for the enlistment and discharge of seamen, emanate from the Secretary's office. All the duties of the different bureaus are performed under the authority of the Secretary, and their orders are considered as emanating from him. I-e has a general superintendence of the marine corps, and all the orders of the command ant of that corps are approved by him. The Bureau of Navy Yards and Docks has charge of all the navy yards, docks and wharves, buildings and machinery in navy yards, and every thing immediately connected with them. It is also charged with the management of the Naval Asylum. The Bureau of Navigation has charge of the Naval Observatory and Hydrographical Office. It furnishes vessels with maps, charts, chronometers, &c., together with such books as are allowed to ships of war. The Naval Academy, Naval Observatory, and Nautical Almanac are attached to this bureau. The Bureau of Ordnance has charge of all ordnance and ordnance stores, the manufacture or purchase of cannon, guns, powder, shot, shells, &c., and the equipment of vessels of war, with every thing connected therewith. The Bureau of Construction and Repair has charge of the building and repairs of all vessels of war, and purchase of material. The Bureau of Equipnent and Recruiting has charge of providing all vessels with their equipments, as sails, anchors, water tanks, &c.; also, charge of the recruiting service. The Bureau of Steam Engineering has charge of the construction, repair, &c., of the machinery of steam vessels of war. The Engineer-in-Chief superintends the construction of all marine steam engines for the navy, and, with the approval of the Secretary, decides upon plans for their construction. The Bureau of Provisions and Clothing contracts for all provisions and clothing for the use of the navy. The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery manages every thing relating to medicine and medical stores, treatment of sick and wounded, and management of hospitals. CHIEF OFFICERS IN NAVY DEPARTMENT. Secretary of the Navy...........................GIDEON WELLES......................... $8,000 Assistant Secretary of the Navy.................WILLIAM FAXON............................ 3,500 Solicitor of the Navy............................ JOHN A. BOLLES...........................3,500 Chief Clerk................................... EDOAR T. WELLES.........................2,200 Disursing Clerk...............................JOHN W.HooG............................ 2,000. Chief of Bureau of Yards and Docks........... JOSEPH SMITH............................. 3,500 Civil Engineer...........................W......WM. P.S. SANGER......................... 3,000 Chief Clerk....................................AUGUSTUS E. MERRITT....................1,800 Draughtsnan..................................E. S. FRIE)DRICH...........................1,800 128 [1869. 6 1869.] NAVAL ACADEMY. 129 Chief of Bureau of Navigation.................THORNTON A. JENKINS..................$3,500 Chief Clerk....................................BENJ. F. GREENE..........................1,800 Chief of Bureau of Ordnance..................JOHN A. DAHLGREN.......................3,500 Chief Clerk....................................JOHN D. BRANDT..........................1,800 Draughtsmnan..................................CHAS. R. STELLWAGEN....................1,800 Chief of Bureau of Provisions and Clothing....HORATIO BRIDGE.......................... 3,500 Chief Clerk....................................THOMAS FILLEBROWN......................1,800 Chief of Bureau of lfiedicine and Surger?j......PHINEAS J. HORWITZ......................3,500 Chief of Bureau of Construction and Repair... JOHN LENTHALL..................3,500 Chief Clerk......................... HUGH A. GOLDSBOROUGH..................1,800 Draughtsman..................................RICHARD POWELL.........................1,800 Chief of Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting.. MELANCTON SMITH........................3,500 Chief Clerk..............................S. HENRIQUES.............................1,800 Chief of Burea?e of Steamn Engineering.........BENJ. F. ISHERWOOD......................3,500 Chief Clerk....................................WILLIAM H. ALLYN.......................1,800 U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY. [Corrected at Naval Academy, October, 1868.] Superintendent.................................Vice-Admiral DAVID D. PORTER. Assistant to Sulperintendent.....................Commander JOHN G. WALKER. Secretary to Vice-Admi r al......................JAMES M. ALDEN. ACADEMIC BOARD AND STAFF. President......................... Vice-Admiral DAVID D. PORTER. Commandant of Midshipmen and Head of Dept. Seamanship, &c.. Captain N. B. HARRISON. Assistants...................... Lieut. Commanders FREDERICK V. MCNAIR, MERRILL MILLER, PHILIP H. COOPER, EDMUND O. MATTHEWS, EDWARD TERRY, GEO. C. REMEY, SIMEON P. GILLETT, CHAS. L. FRANKLIN, SILAS CASEY, JOHN F. MICGLENSEY, JOHN R. BARTLETT, GEO. DEWEY, A. S. CROWNINSHIELD. Head of Dept. of Mathematics.... Professor WM. H. WILLCOX. Acting Assistant Professors.......Lieut. Commanders JOHN A. HOWELL, ALEX. H. MCCORMICK, HENRY L. JOHNSON, W. W. MACLAY, P. F. HARRINGTON. Assistant Professors..............JOHN M. RICE, WILLIAM W. JOHNSON, CHARLES F. JOHNSON. Head of Dept. Steam Engineering. Chief Engineer THOMAS WILLIAMSON. Assistant Instructors..............1st Asst. Engineers CHARLES E. DrVALIN, LOUIS J. ALLEN; 2d Asst. Engineer GEORGE R. HOLT. Head of Dept. of Astronomy, Arav igation, &c.....................Lieut. Commander ROBERT L. PHYTHIAN. Acting Assistant Professors.......Lieut. Commanders JAMES O. KANE, GEORGE P. RYAN. Assistant Professor...............CHARLES J. WHITE. Head of Dept. of Natural and Ex perimental Phitlosophy...........Professor HENRY H. LOCKWOOD. Acting Assistant Professors.......Lieut. Commander WM.. T. SAMPSON; 1st Asst. Engineer RICHARD H. THURSTON. As.sistant Professor............... JOHN W. LANGLEY. Dead of Dept. of Ethics and Eng lish Studies.....................Lieut. Commander FRANCIS B. BLAKE. Acting Assistant Professor........Lieut. Commander BARTLETT J. CROMWELL. Assistant Professors..............THOMAS KARNEY, HARRY S. MACKINTOSH, WILLIAM W. FAY, JOSEPH E. DICKSON, ROBBINS LITTLE, JOHN J. ARCHER. Head of Dept. of French..........Professor LEOPOLD V. DOVILLIERS. Assistant Professors.............. ALPHONSE V. S. COUJRCELLE, LUCIEN F. PRUDIHOMME, EUGENE DOVILLIERS, JULES LERPOUX, BERNARD MAURICE. Head of Dept. of Spanish.........Professor EDWARD A. ROGET. Acting Assistant Professors......Lieut. Commanders WINFIELD S. SCHLEY, CHAS. F. BLARE. Assistant Professor............... PEDRO MONTALDO. 9 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Head of Dept. of Drawing........Lieut. Commander EDWARD P. LULL. Assistant Professors..............HENRY HITCHINGS, MARSHAL OLIVER, A. W. WARREN. Sword Master..................... ANTOINE J. CORBEISIER. Assistants........................THEODORE MAURICE, ADOLPHE AUBRY. BOxsing Master and Gymnast.....FRANK COMXLOSEY. OFFICERS NOT ATTACHED TO THE ACADEMIC STAFF. In charge Grounds, &c.Com'r BUSHROD B. TAYLOR. Paymaster(Storekeeper)G. E. THORNTON. Com'dgMarine Guard.Captain MCLANE TILTON. Chaplain............. D. MCLAREN. Surgeon.............. DAVID HARLAN. Commissary...........RICHARD SWANN. Passed Asst. Surgeon.. LUTHER M. LYON. Asst. Librarian........JOHN J. GRAFF. . "...F. M. DEARBORNE. Secretary.........RICHARD M. CHASE. Asst. Surgeon.........ALFRED GRIFFITH. First Clerk to Supt....JAMES P. MARRON. Paymaster............JOHN S. GULICK. Gunner.............. JAMES HUTCHINSOn. REGULATIONS GOVERNING ADMISSION INTO THE NAVAL ACADEMY. I. The number of midshipmen allowed at the Academy is one for every member and delegate of the House of Representatives, one for the District of Columbia, ten appointed annually at large, and ten selected each year from boys enlisted in the navy who have been at least one year in the service on board a naval vessel. II. The nomination of candidates for admission from the District of Columbia, from the enlisted boys, and at large, is made by the President. The nomination of a candidate from any Congressional district or Territory is made on the recommendation of the member or dele gate, from actual residents of his district or Territory. III. Each year, as soon after the fifth of March as possible, members and delegates will be notified, in writing, of vacancies that may exist in their districts. If such members or dele gates neglect to recommend candidates by the first of July in that year, the Secretary of the Navy is required by law to fill the vacancies existing in districts actually represented in Congress. IV. The nomination of candidates is made annually, between the fifth of March and the first of July. Candidates who are nominated in time to enable them to reach the Academy between the twentieth and thirtieth of June, will receive permission to present themselves at that time to the Superintendent of the Naval Academy for examination as to their qualifications for admission. Those who are nominated prior to July 1st, but not in time to attend the June examination, will be examined between the twentieth and thirtieth of September follow ing: and should any candidate fail to report, or be found physically or mentally disqualified for admission in June, the member or delegate from whose district he was nominated will be no tified to recommend another candidate, who shall be examined between the twentieth and thirtieth of September following. V. No candidate will be admitted into the naval academy unless he shall have passed a satis factory examination before the Academic Board, and is found (in the opinion of a medical board, to be composed of the Surgeon of the Naval Academy and two other medical officers designated by the Secretary of the Navy) physically sound, well formed, and of robust consti tution, and qualified to endure the arduous labors of an officer in the navy. e VI. Candidates for appointment as midshipmen must be between fourteen and eighteen years of age when examined for admission. All candidates for admission will be required to certify, on honer, to their precise age, to the Academic Board, previous to examination, and none will be examined who are over or under the prescribed age. They must be of good moral character, satisfactory testimonials of which, from persons of good repute in the neighborhood of their respective residences, must be presented; and testimonials from clergymen, instruc tors in colleges and high schools, will have special weight. They must also pass a satisfactory examination before the Academic Board in reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, geography, and English grammar, viz: in Reading, they must read clearly and intelligibly from any English narrative work-as, for example, Bancroft's History of the United States; in Writing and Spe/ ing, they must write from dictation, in a legible hand, and spell with correctness both orally and in writing; in Arithmetic, they will be examined in numeration and the addition, subtrac tion, multiplication, and division of whole numbers and vulgar and decimal fractions, and in proportion, or the rule of three; in Geography, they will be examined as to the leading grand divisions-the continents, oceans, and seas, the chiefmountains and rivers, and the boundaries and population of the chief nations, their government, capitals, and chief cities; in English Grammar, they will be examined as to the parts of speech and the elementary construction of ;I1 1i 130 [1869. NAVAL ACADEMY. sentences, and will be required to write an original paragraph of a few sentences.' The Board will judge whether the proficiency of the candidate in these branches is sufficient to qualify him to enter upon the studies of the Academy. * * * * * * * * * Attention will also be paid to the stature of the candidate; and no one manifestly under sized for his age will be received into the Academy. In case of doubt about the physical condition of the candidate, any marked deviation from the usual standard of height will add materially to the consideration for rejection*. The Board will exercise a proper discretion in the application of the above conditions to each case; rejecting no candidate who is likely to be efficient in the service, and admitting no one who is likely to prove physically inefficient. VII. If both of these examinations result favorably, the candidate will receive an appointment as a midshipman, become an inmate of the Academy, and be allowed his actual and necessary traveling expenses from his residence to the Naval Academy, and be required to sign articles by which he will bind himself to serve in the United States Navy eight years, (including his term of probation at the Naval Academy), unless sooner discharged. If, on the contrary, he shall not pass both of these examinations, he will receive neither an appointment nor his traveling expenses, nor can he by law have the privilege of another examination for admission to the same class unless recommended by the board of examiners. * * * * * $ $ * * VIII. Each midshipman must, on admission, deposit with the paymaster the sum of one hundred dollars, for which he will be credited on the books of that officer, to be expended by direction of the Superintendent for the purchase of text-books and other authorized articles. IX. A midshipman found deficient at any examination cannot, by law, be continued at the Academy or in the service, unless upon the recommendation of the Academic Board. X. A midshipman who voluntarily resigns his appointment within a year of the time of his admission to the Academy will be required to refund the amount paid him for traveling expenses. XI. A midshipman may be advanced to any class which he may be found qualified to join either upon his admission or at any subsequent examination; and he may be graduated at any June examination at which he shall be found fully qualified to pass a graduating academic examination. REGULATIONS FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF CADET ENGINEERS IN THE NAVY. I. In pursuance of acts of Congress of July 4, 1864, and of March 2, 1867, applications will be received by the Navy Department for the appointment of Cadet Engineers. II. The application is to be addressed to the Secretary of the Navy, and can be made by the candidate or by any person for him, and his name will be placed on the register. The registry of a name, however, gives no assurance of an appointment, and no preference will be given in the selection to priority of application. III. The number of Cadet Engineers is limited by law to fifty. The candidate must be not less than eighteen nor more than twentytwo years of age, and his application must be accompanied by satisfactory evidence of moral character and health, with information regarding dal of birth and educational advantages hitherto enjoyed. Candidates who receive permission will present themselves to the Superintendent of the Naval Academy between the 20th and 30th of September, for examination as to their qualifications for admission. IV. The course of study will comprise two academic years. All Cadets who graduate will be immediately warranted as 3d Assistant Engineers in the Navy. The pay of a Cadet is the same as that of Midshipmen. V. The academic examination previous to appointment will be on the following subjects, namely: Arithmetic; the candidate will be examined in numeration and the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers, and of vulgar and decimal fractions; in reduction; in proportion, or rule of three, direct and inverse; and in involution and the extraction of square and cube roots. Alebra, (Bourdon): Geometry, (Davies' Legendre); Rudimentary Natural Philosophy; Elements of Inorganic Chemistry; English Grammar and English *The Medical Board of 1864 adopted the following standard for the height of candidates; 14 years of age, 4 feet 10 inches; 15 years, 5 feet; 16 years, 5 feet 2 inches; 17 years, 5 feet 3 inches; 18 years, (nearly), 5 feet 4 inches; the candidates to be of proportionate size, especially with regard to cerebral, osseous, and muscular development; the youngest to weigh not less than 100 pounds, and the oldest not less than 120 pounds. 1869.1 131 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Compositio; History of the United States; also, a brief outline of Ancient and Modern History. The candidate will also be required to exhibit a fair degree of proficiency in pencil-sketching and right-line drawing, and he must be able to describe all the different parts of ordinary condensing and non-condensing engines, explain their uses and operation; also, the ordinary tools used for construction purposes. * * * * * * * * * VI. If these examinations result favorably, the candidate will receive an appointment as a Cadet Engineer, become an inmate of the Academy, and be allowed his actual and necessary traveling expenses from his residence to the Naval Academy, and be required to sign articles by which he will bind himself to serve in the United States Navy six years, (including his term of probation at the Naval Academy), unless sooner discharged. If, on the contrary, he shall not pass both of these examinations, he will receive neither an appointment nor his traveling expenses, nor can he have the privilege of another examination for admission to the same cas unless recommended by the board of examiners. * * * * * * * * * VII. Each Cadet Engineer must, on admission, deposit with the paymaster the sum of seventy-five dollars, for which he will be credited on the books of that officer, to be expended by direction of the Superintendent for the purchase of text-books and other authorized articles. VIII. While at the Academy the Cadets will be examined, from time to time, according to the regulations prescribed by the Navy Department; and if found deficient at any examination, or dismissed for misconduct, they cannot, by law, be continued in the Academy or naval service, except upon recommedation of the Academic Board. IX. A Cadet Engineer who voluntarily resigns his appointment will be required to refund the amount paid him for traveling expenses. NAVY LIST. [Corrected at Navy Department, October, 1868.] The active lists of line officers of the United States Navy are divided into nine grades, taking rank according to the date of their commission in each grade, as follows: 1. Rear Admirals to rank with Major Generals. 6. Lieutenants to rank with Captains. 2. Commodores to rank with Brigadier Gen'ls. 7. Masters to rank with First Lieutenants. 3. Captains to rank with Colonels. 8. Ensigns to rank with Second Lieutenants. 4. Commanders to rank with Lieutenant Col's. 9. Midshipmen. 5. Lieut. Commanders to rank with Majors. ADMIRAL. David G. Farragut.......... New York............ Commanding European Squadron. VICE ADMIRAL. David D. Porter............ District Columbia... Superintendent Naval Academy at Annapolis. REAR ADMIRALS. William Radford....... N. J. Stephen C. Rowan.....Penn. Thonas T. Craven.....N. Y. L. M. Goldsborough...D. C. Chas. H. Davis......... Mass. John A. Dahlgren..... D. C. Sylvanus W. Godon.... Penn. COMMODORES. Henry Walke........... N. J. Thornton A. Jenkins..D. C. John B. Marchand.....Penn. Wm. Rogers Taylor...R.I. Benj. F. Sands.........D. C. Charles Steedman...... Penn. James Alden..........D.C. Alfred Taylor........... Va. James F. Schenck..... Ohio. John Rodgers.......... D. C. John A. Winslow...... Mass. Samuel P. Lee......... D. C. Jas. P. McKinstry..... Mich. Oliver S. Glisson...... Ind. Melancton Smith...... N. Y. Charles S. Boggs....... N. J. Augustus H. Kilty..... Md. 132 [1869. Joseph Lanman....... Conn. Thomas Turner....... Penn. Charles I-I. Poor....... Penn. Simon B. Bissell....... D. 0. J. R. Goldsborough.... N. J. Joseph F. Green....... Me. ,Theodore P. Gree-ne...Vt. A. Ludlow Case....... N. Y. Alex. M. Pennock..... N. Y. John L. Worden....... N. Y. George F. Emmons.... Vt. CAPTAINS. Edward Middleton.... N.Y. Melancton B. Woolsey.N. Y. Joseph P. Sanford.....Mo. Gustavus H. Scott.....Ind. Alexander Murray....... Penn. Wm. Ronckendorff... Penn. David McDougal......Cal. Edward Donaldson....Md. James C. Williamson.. N.Y. John J. Almy.........N.Y. John C. Howell........N.J. Albert G. Clary........Mass. James H. Strong......N.Y. Daniel Ammen........Penn. Henry A. Wise.........D. C. James M. Frailey......Penn. Robert H. Wyman.....D. C. George H. Preble......Me. Enoch G. Parrott......N.H. George B. Balch.......D.C. Thos. H. Stevens......Penn. William Reynolds..... Penn. Foxhall A. Parker... Md. Thos. H. Patterson.... D. C. Fabius Stanly.........Cal. John Guest........ Penn. Edward T. Nichols... N. Y. Wm. H. Macomb......N.J. Donald Mc N. Fairfax.N.J. Egbert Thomson......D.C. Wm. E. LeRoy........N.Y. John M. B. Clitz.......Mich. George H. Cooper... N. Y. Roger N. Stembel.....Ohio. Andrew Bryson........N.Y. C. H. B. Caldwell... Mass. J. R. M. Mullany......N.Y. James H. Spotts...... Ky. Henry K. Davenport... D. C. C. R. P. Rodgers.......N.J. J. W. A. Nicholson.... N.Y. Napoleon B. Harrison.Penn. Napoleon Collins...... Ind. Thos. G. Corbin.......Penn. John C. Febiger.......Ohio. Reed Werden..........N.Y. Louis C. Sartori.......Penn. Pierce Crosby.........Penn. Stephen D. Trenchard..Peum. COMMANDERS. Richard Renshaw..... N.J. James S. Thornton.... N. H. J. B. Creighton........R. I. Wm. D. Whiting......Mass. Aaron K. Hughes......N.Y. J. C. P. DeKrafft......Del. Edmund R. Colhoun... Mo. Oscar C. Badger.......Penn. Chas H. Baldwin......N.Y. Thos. C. Harris........Penn. Robt. W. Shufeldt.....Conn. Stephen B. Luce....... D. C. Alex. C. Rhind........N.Y. John Lee Davis....... Ind. George M. Ransom....N.J. Alex. A. Semmes...... Penn. William F. Spicer.....Mass. Wm. T. Truxtun..........Penn. Somerville Nicholson.. D. C. Wm. K. Mayo.......... Con n. Wm. E. Hopkins......Va. James E. Jouett....... Md. Paul Shirley...........Penn. T. S. Fillebrown........ D. ax. H. N. T. Arnold.......N.J. Edward E. Stone...... Ga. Thos. Pattison........N.Y. Walter W. Queen....... N.Y. Wm. N. Jeffers........Md. Ralph Chandler........N.Y. Edward Simpson......N.Y. K. Randolph Breese... R. I. Wm. G. Temple.......Vt. Lewis A. Kimberly.... Ill. Samuel P. Carter......Tenn. George H. Morris...... D. I C. Thos. S. Phelps........N.J. Daniel L. Braine......Y. N. Y. John Madigan.........Me. George E. Belknap.... N. H. Edward Barrett........N.Y. Edward P. Williams.... Me. Homer C. Blake.......N.Y. David B. Harmony....Penn. Clarke H. Wells.......Penn. James P. Foster........Ind. S. P. Quackenbush....N. Y. John Irwin........Pn. A Penn. Earl English..............N.J. James A. Greer........Ohio. Joseph M. Bradford.... Ala. Elias K. Owen.........Ill.. P Reigart B. Lowry......N.Y. Aaron W. Weaver.....C. D. C. Wm. W. Low..........Mass. James H. Gillis........Penn. John P. UIpshr.......... Va. Wm. E. Fitzhugh..... Ohio. Francis A. Roe........N.Y. Chas. H. Cushman.....Me. LIEUTENANT COMMANDERs. John G. Mitchell.......Mass. Joseph N. Miller......Ohio. Richard W. Meade, Jr..Cal. John S. Barnes.......... N. Y. Robert Boyd, Jr.......Me. Alfred Hopkins........ N. Y. Chas. C. Carpenter.....Mass. Montgomery Sicard...N.Y. Wm. A. Kirkland......N. C. Edmund O. Matthews.,Mo. Wm. H. Dana.........Ohio. Edward P. Lull........Ch. Md. Edward E. Potter......Mass. Alex. F. Crosman.....Penn. Lester A. Beardsley..... N.Y. Charles S. Norton.....N. Y. Chas. A. Babcock......Mich. Robert F. Bradford... Mass. Thos. O. Selfridge.......Mass. Robert L. Phythian....N. Y. 1869.] NAVAL LIST. 133 Henry A. Adams, Tr... Penn. George Brown......... Ind. James W. Shirk....... Penn. John G. Walker....... Iowa. Francis M. Ramsay.... D. C. Richard L. Law....... Ind. Samuel R. Franklin...Penn. Edward Y. McCauley.. Penn. Samuel Magaw........ Penn. Jonathan Young....... 111. Edward C. Grafton.... Mass. Milton Haxtun........ N. Y. John H. Russell....... D. C. Robt. F. R. Lewis..... D. C. Andrew W. Johnson,. D. Ci Philip C. Johnson..... Me. John Watters.......... Md. S. Livingston Breese.. N.Y. Bancroft Gherardi..... Mass. Henry Wilson......... N. Y. A. E. K. Benham...... N. Y. Joseph S. Skerrett..... Ohio. Francis H. Baker...... Va. Austin Pendergrast.... Ky, Joseph P. Fyffe........ Ohio. Wm. P. McCann....... Ky. Oscar F. Stanton...... N.Y. Bushrod B. Taylor..... Ind. Henry Erben, jr....... N. Y. Edward P. McCrea.... Wis. Augustus P. Cooke.... N. Y. LeRoy Fitch........... Ind. Thomas H. Eastman... D. C. Rush R. Wallace...... Tenn. Chester Hatfield....... N. Y. Chas. J. McDougal.... Cal. George H. Perkins.... N. H. Weld N. Allen......... Me. Nathaniel Green....... Penn. Francis B. Blake...... Penn. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS.-Conti7tued. James M. Prichett..... Ind. John W. Phillip.......N.Y. Mortimer L. Johnson..Mass. Edward Terry.........Conn. IHenry F. Picking...... Penn. Edwin M. Shepard.... N.Y. Francis M. Bunce......Conn. Frederick Rodgers.....Md. Charles McGregor.....Ohio. Byron Wilson.........Ohio. Francis 0. Davenport.. Mich. Ira Harris, Jr..........N.Y. Henry B. Seely........N.Y. Horace E. Mullan...... Md. Douglas R. Cassel.....Ohio. Fred. B. MeNair.......Peinn. John Weidman........Penn. Robley D. Evans......D. C. Wm. B. Cushing.......N.Y. John F. McGlensey....Penn. Geo. W. Coffin........N.J. Arthur R. Yates.......N.Y. Edgar C. Merriman....N. Y. Henry Glass........... Ill John A. Howell...........N.Y. Edwin T. Brower.......Penn., Ernest J.Dichman....Wis. Allen V. Reed.........N.Y. John H. Rowland......Ky. Wm. W. Maclay.......N.Y. George Dewey............Vt. Frederick R. Smith....... Me. Philip HII. Cooper......N.Y. Chas. L. Franklin.....Ohio. James P. Robertson... Penn. Henry C. Taylor.......Ohio. George B. White.......Penn. Chas. L. Huntington... Ill. Allan D. Brown.......Vt. Henry L. Howison.....I. nd. Rufus K. Duer.........N.J. Marston Niles.........N.J. Albert Kautz..........Ohio. Louis Kempff..........Ill. George H. Wadleigh... N. H. Alfred T. Mahan.......N.Y. Smith W. Nichols.....Mass. A. S. Crowningshield..N. Y. George C. Remey......Iowa. Arch'd N. Mitchell.... Ill. Chas. H. Craven.......Me. Norman H. Farquhar..Penn. Francis J. Higginson..Mass. Frank Wildes.........Mass. Samuel D. Green....R. R.I. John McFarland.......Penn. Wm. W. Hendrickson.Ohio. Theodore F. Kane.....N.Y. Geo. W. Sumner.......Ky. Augustus G. Kellogg.. Ill. Beatty P. Smith.......N.Y. Benj. F. Day........ Ohio. Joseph B. Coghlan... Ill. C. M. Schoonmaker....N.Y. Stephen A. McCarty... N.Y. James H. Sands....... Md. R. S. McCook......... Ohio. Henry C. Tallman.....N.Y. Yates Stirling.........Md. Gilbert C. Wilt,e......N.Y. James D. Graham.....Ill. Wm. C. Wise..........Ky. M. S. Stuyvesant......Ohio. Wm. R. Bridgman.....Iowa. Lewis Clark........... Conn. Joseph D. Marvin.......Ohio. Alex. H. McCormick...D. C. P. F. Harrington........Del. James O'Kane......... Ind. Henry L. Johnson.....Vt. Wm. B. Hoff...........Penn. Simeon P. Gillett......Ind. Albert S. Barker.......Mass. Wm. K. Wheeler......N.Y. Thos. L. Swann.......Md. Morton W. Sanders... Cal. Wm. S. Dana..........N.Y. Sullivan D. Ames..... R. I. Chas. S. Cotton........Wis. Nicoll Ludlow.........N.Y. J. Crittenden Watson..Ky. Chas. F. Blake.........Mass. Francis A. Cook.......Mass. Henry B. Robeson.....Conn. John R. Bartlett.......R. I. Colby M. Chester......Conn. Antoine R. McNair.... Mo. Oliver A. Batcheller...N. Y. Arthur H. Wright.....Ohio. Francis S. Brown......N.Y. Silas W. Terry........Ky. Charles E. Clark.......Vt. Henry D. H. Manley.. Penn. Merrill Miller..........Ohio. Charles J. Barclay.....Penn. Wm. Whitehead.......Penn. Frederick J. Naile.....Penn. Charles V. Gridley.....Mich. Edward A. Walker.... Mass. Frederick Pearson....Penn. Francis Morris........N. Y. Winfield S. Schley.....Md. Edward N. Kellogg.... Ill.. Charles D. Sigsby.....N.Y. Silas Casey, Jr........N.Y. Richard S. Chew.......D.C. Richard D. Leary......Md. Wm. T. Sampson......N.Y. John J. Read..........N.J. Wm. A. Van Vleck....N.Y. Alfred T. Snell........Mass. Walter Abbot.........R. I. Chas. H. Pendleton....Va. Wm. F. Stewart.......Penn. Edwin T. Woodward..Vt. Wm. H. Whiting......N.Y. George P. Ryan.......Mass. Henry B. Rumsey.....Ind. Geo. M. McClure......Penn. George M. Bache......Penn. George W. Wood......Penn. Dennis W. Mullan.....Md. Bartlett J. Cromwell... Neb. Chas. W. Tracy........Penn. George T. Davis.......Mass. Geo. W. Hayward..... Wis. GouverneurK. Haswell.N.Y. Geo. D. B. Glidden... Me. Chas. E. McKay.......N.Y. Edward E. Preble.....Me. LIEUTENANTS. N. Mayo Dyer.........Mass. Theodore F. Jewell...D. C. Francis W. Dickins..Conn Francis M. Greene....N. H. Chas. F. Schmitz...... Ind. George F. F. Wilde.... Mass. Edward Hooker....... R.I. Geo. W. Armentrout.. Ind. Charles H. Davis, Jr... Mass. Henry H. Gorringe....N.Y. David C. Woodrow.... Ohio. Charles J. Train.......Mass. Alonzo W. Muldaur... N.Y. Henry C. White.......N.Y. George N. Flagg.......Vt. Charles O'Neil........Mass. Edward M. Stedman...Mass. Edwin White..........Ohio Caspar F. Goodrich... Penn. John C. Kennett........Mo. Oscar F. Heyerman....Mich Albert G. Caldwell....Ind. William M. Folger.... Ohio. Herman C. Raebell.... Ohio. Chas. W. Kenedy......N.Y. Horace Elmer............N.J. George W. Pigman... Ind. Bowman H. McCalla...N. J. Benj. P. Lamberton...Penn. Samuel L. Wilson.....Ohio French E. Chadwick... Va. John Schouler.........Mass. Gustavus V. Menzies.. Ky. Samuel H. Baker...... Md. II 134 [1869. RETIRED LIST. RETIRED LIST. REAR ADMIRALS. Charles Stuart.........N.J. Thos. Crabbe..........N.J. Charles Wilkes........D. C. Wm. B. Shubrick......D.C. J. B. Montgomery.....D. C. Theodorus Bailey.....N.Y. Joseph Smith........ D. C. Cornelius K. Stribling.Penn. James L. Lardner... Penn. Silas H. Stringham... N.Y. Joshua R. Sands.......Conn. Henry K. Thatcher.... Mle. Samuel L. Breese......Penn. Chas. H. Bell..........N.Y. Henry K. Hoff.........Penn. Hiram Paulding.......N. Y. COMMODORES. Lawrence Kearny....N.J. James Glynn..........Conn. John Colhoun........ Penn. Wm. D. Salter.........N. J. Robert Ritchie........Penn. Wm. Smith............ Mo. Chas. S. McCauley....... D. C. Chas. Lowndes...........Md. Jonathan W. Swift....N. Y. John H. Aulick........D. C. John Marston.........Penn. James M. Watson.....Cal. William K. Latimer..M. Md. Henry Bruce..........Mass. John W. Livingston... N.Y. Charles Boarman......Va. Henry A. Adams......Penn. Junius J. Boyle.......D. C. Wm. Jamesson........Va. John Pope............Mass. Peter Turner........... I. John H. Graham......N.Y. Levin M. Powell......D. C. Benj. J. Totten........N.Y. William Inman........Penn. Thos. O. Selfridge.....Mass. R. B. Hitchcock.......Conn. Stephen Champlin.....Conn. Henry Eagle...........N.Y. Timothy A. Hunt.....Conn. John J. Young........N.Y. Wm. M. Glendy.......Md. John M. Berrien.......N.J. Frank Ellery.......... R.I. Geo. S. Blake.........Mass. John C. Carter........N.Y. Joseph R. Jarvis...... Ill. Oscar Bullus..........N.Y. John P. Gillis.........Del. Wm. C. Nicholson.....Md. Chas. H. Jackson......Conn. John J. Glasson.......N.Y. Edward W. Carpender.N. Y. Andrew A. Harwood. Md. Edward R. Thomson.. Penn. Joseph B. Hull........Conn. Hugh Y. Purviance....Md. Robert Handy.........Mass. John S. Chauncey.....N.Y. Francis B. Ellison... N.Y. Charles Green.........Conn. Wm. H. Gardner......Penn. T. D. Shaw............Penn. Cicero Price...........N.Y. T. A. Dornin..........Md. Samuel Lockwood... Mass. CAPTAINS. Richard W. Meade.....D. C. Dominick Lynch......N.Y. G.M. Colvocoresses... Vt. Alex. Gibson..........N.Y. Chas. Thomas.........Md. Francis S. Haggerty... Penn. John DeCamp.........N.J. Aug. S. Baldwin.......N.J. Thos. Brownell........N.Y. Chas. W. Pickering....N. H. Wm. B. Whiting.... N.Y. Matthias C. Marin.....R. I. Overton Carr..........Penn. Chas. Hunter..........R.I. Geo. W. Doty.........N.Y. Benj. M. Dove.........D. C. Thos. M. Brasher......N.Y. Samuel Pearce........ R. I. Bernard J. Moeller.... N.Y. Samuel R. Knox.... Mass. A. Davis Harrell..... Tenn. Roger Perry...........Md. Edmund Lanier.......Md. Robert B. Riell........D. C. Geo. M. White........Ga. Jas. F. Armstrong.....N.J. Matthew C. Perry.....N.Y. Stephen Decatur......N. H. Wm. A. Parker.......N. H. Chas. S. McDonough.. Conn. Edward C. Bowers....N. Y. Francis Lowry........Vt. COMMANDERS. Henry Rolando........Md. Geo. A. Stevens......Tenn. Wm. C. West..........N.Y. Nathaniel C. Bryant...Me. Wm. P. Buckner......Md. Francis G. Dallas......Mass. John F. Abbott.......Penn. Wm. Mitchell........ D. C. Nathaniel T. West.;.... Mass. Bayse N. Westcott....N. J. Wm. Gibson..........Penn. Wm. M. Gamble..... N. Y. Andrew J. Drake......N.J. Greenleaf Cilley.......Me. Edmund W. Henry.... N. Y. John C. Beaumont.....Penn. LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS, Trevett Abbott........Mass. Chas. E. Hawley......N.Y. Geo. F. Morrison......Ohio. J. N. Quackenbush.,..Mass. * Died, November 29, 1868. 1809.] 135 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MARINE CORPS. Brig. General and Commandant.. JACOB ZEILIN, D. C. GENERAL STAFP. Quarter7naster....................WM. B. SLACK, D. C. Adjutant and Inpector............ AUG. S. NICHOLSON, D. C. Paymaster........................ JOHN C. CASH, D. C. Asst. Quartermasters.............W. A. T. MADDOX, Md.; JAS. WILEY, Ind. Colonel...........................MATTHEW R. KINTZING, Penn. Lieutenant Colonels...............JAMES H. JONES, Del.; CHAS. G. MCCAULEY, La. Majors...........................THOS. Y. FIELD, Penn.; GEORGE R. GRAHAM, D. C.; JoN L. BROOME, N.Y.; DAVID M. COHEN, Md. Captains.........................JAMES LEWIS, Penn.; CLEMENT D. HEBB, Cal.; PHILIP R. FENDALL, Jr., D.C.; JOHN SCHERMERHORN, Ind.; CHARLES HEYWOOD, D. C.; LUCIEN - L. DAWSON, Texas; GEORGE BUTLER, Ark.; GEO. W. COLLIER, Md.; GEo. P. Hous TON, Penn.; JAMES FORNEY, Penn.; MCLANE TILTON, Md.; JOHN H. HIGBEE, N.Y.; FRANK MUNROE, D.C.; R. W. HUNTINGTON, Conn.; JOSEPH F. BAKER, Ill.; WM. H. PARKER, Wis.; JOHN H. GRIMES, Iowa; WM. J. SQUIRES, N. Y.; HENRY A. BART iXTT, R. I.; CHAS. A. STILLMAN, Conn. NAVAL CONSTRUCTORS. Isaiah Hanscom....... Cal. Edward Hartt.........N.Y. RESIGNATIONS, DEATHS AND DISMISSALS. RESIGNATIONS. Lieutenant Commander George A. Bigelow. Lieutenant Commander William H. Barton. ", " Thomas S. Spencer. DEATHS. Captain..................John P. Bankhead. Commander..............Samuel Swartwout. "............... John J. Cornwell. ".............. Leonard Paulding. "............... George W. Young. Lieutenant Commander. James G. Maxwell. C oJ" "Rd A. S. Mackenzie. C"pa Fa " Charles E. Fleming. Rear Admiral.......Cadwalader Ringgo - "......'George F. Pearson. ", "...... John D. Sloat. ,, "...... James S. Palmer. " "...... Henry H. Bell. " "...... Frederick Engle. Commodore........ John Rudd. Captain............. Samuel F. Hazard. a............. Henry French. Marine ACorps. Captain.............Jehu A. Burroughs., DISMISSALS. Lieut. Com'r Chas. H. Greene,(wholly retired.) Lieutenant Commander..James Stillwell. LIST OF VESSELS OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY. Rates (old tonnage) established July 1, 1867. First Rates.-Vessels of 2.400 tons and upwards. Second Rates.-Vessels of 1,200 to 2,400 tons. Third Rates.-Vessels of 600 to 1,200 tons. Fourth Rates.-Vessels under 600 tons: i.e., iron clad; sc., screw; p. w., paddle wheel; sh., ship; sh. I., ship-of-line; sl., sloop; fr., frigate; y., yacht; s. S., store ship; t. b., torpedo boat. Name. Rate. Class. GCns. Tonnage. Antietam.............1....se...2..... 3,177. Aroostook..........4....sc..... 5.... 507. Ascutney..............3....p. w... 2.... 974. Ashuelot..............3....p. w... 10....1,030. Atl anta.......3........3....i. c.... 4....1,006. Augusta...............2... p.w... 9....1,310. Blue Light........... 4 S...c 0.... 103. Name. Rate. Class. Guns. Tonnage. Agamenticus........2... i.c.... 4... 1,564. Alaska...........2............10....1,740. Algoma...............2....sc.....10.... 1,740. Algonquin............3....p. w...10.... 974. Alleghany.............3....sh..... 6.... 989. America...............4....y...... 3.... 100. Ammonoosuc.........1....sc..... 15....3,213. I!, i [1869.' 136 John Lenthall......... D. C. Benj. F. Delano....... N. H. Thos. Davidson, Jr.... Penn. Thos. E. Webb........ N. Y. Captain............. William H. Hale. LIST OF NAVY VESSELS. "Nce Rate. Class. Guns. Tonnage. Name. Rate. Class. Guns. Tonnage. Brooklyn...........2... s....20.....2,070. Mahaska.............. p. w... 10.... 832. Buckthorn.............4.... Sc..... 0.... 128. Mahopac..............3... i. C.... 2....1,034. Camanche.............3....i.c.... 2.... 844. Manayunk............3...i. c.... 2....1,034. Canandaigua.......2... s..........1,395. Manhattan...........3.... i. C.... 2.... 1,034. Canonicus............3....i.c..... 2....1,034. Manitou...........2.... sc..s.13.... 2,348. Casco.............3....i. c.... 1.... 773. Maria.............4.... sc.... 2.... 170. Catalpa...............4.... Sc..... 3.... 191. Marietta...............4.... i e.... 2.... 479. Catskill...............3.....i.c.... 2.... 814. Marion................4... sl.....11.... 566. Chattanooga..........1.... sc.....15.... 3,233. Maumee..............4... sc..... 8.... 593. Chenango..........3... p. w...10.... 974. Mayflower.........4.... Sc.... 2.... 350. Chickasaw............3....i. c.... 4.... 970. Memphis..............3c.... 3.... 791. Chimo............3....i. c.... 1.... 773. Mercury.............4.....p.w... 2.... 187. Clinton................4.... s..... 0.... 50. Metacomet............3... p.w...10.... 974. Cohasset..........4.... sc..... 2... 100. Miantonomph......2.... i. c.... 4....1,564. Cohoes................3...i. c.... 2.... 773. Michigan..............4p....p. 8.... 582. Colorado...........1... sc.....44....3,425. Mignonnette.......... 4... p. 0.... 50. Constellation.........2.... sl.....10.... 1,425. Minnesota...........1.... sc.....43.... 3,307. Constitution.......2... fr....17.....1,607. Minnetonka........1....... 23....3,177 Contoocook.........2.... sc.....13.... 2,348. Modoc............3.... i. c.... I.... 773. Cyane.................3.....s. s.... 18.... 972. Mohican...............3... sc..... 7.... 994. Dacotah............... sc....7.... 996. Mohongo..........3.....p.w...10....1,030. Dale..................4.... 8.... 566. Monadnock.........2......... 4.... 564. Dictator............1....i. c.... 2...3,033. Monocacy..........3.... p. w...10....1,030. Emerald...........4.... sc.... 0.... 50. Monongahela.......2.... sc... 7.... 1,378. Etlah.................3....i.c.... 2.... 773. Montauk..........3.... i. c.... 2.... 844. Florida...............2....p. w... 5....1,261. Monterey..............4...sc.... 1.... 87. Fortune...............4.... sc.... 2.... 350. Mosholu..............2.... sc.....13....2,348. Franklin..............1....sc.....39....3,684. Muscoota..........3......p.w...10....1,030. Frolic.............3... p. w... 5.... 880. Nahant............3.....i. c.... 2.... 844. Galena............3.... sc....8..... 738. Nantasket.........3.... sc...10.... 900. Gettysburg.........3.... p. w... 9.... 726. Nantucket.........3.... i C.... 2.... 844. Glance............4.... Sc..... 0.... 80. Napa..................3... i. c.... I.... 773. Glasgow...........4... p. w... 2.... 252. Narragansett.......... sc....3.... 809. Guard............3....s. S.... 3....1,046. Naubuc...........3... i.e.... 1.... 773. Guerriere............. c.........3,177. Nausett...........3..... c.... 2.... 773. Hartford...............2.... sc.....21.... 1,900. Neosho..............4... i. c.... 2.... 523. Hornet................3.... p. w... 8.... 820. Neshaminy.........1.... sc.....15.... 3,213. Huron................4.... Sc..... 6.... 507. New Hampshire.....1.... sh. 1...15....2,633. Idaho.............1.... S. S.... 7....2,638. New Orleans........1....sh.I...-....2,805. Illinois............1.... sc....23....3,177. Niagara................13... 4,582. Independence........2.... fr....2.....2,237. Nina..............4.... sc....2.... 350. Iroquois..............3....sc..... 6....1,016. Nipsic............4.... sc....6.... 593. Jamestown..........3....s. s.... 1.... 985. Nyack............4... sc.... 6.... 593. Java..................1....sc.....23....3,177. Ohio..................1... sh. I...16...2,757. Jean Sands.........4.... Sc.... 0.... 139. Omaha............2.... sc...10... 1,740. Juniata...........2.... sc.....s 6.....1,240. Oneida................ 8.... 1,032. Kalamazoo............1....i. c.... 4.... 3,200. Ontario...........1.... Ic...23... 3,177. Kansas............4....sc..... 8.... 593. Onward...........3....sh.... 3.... 874. Kearsarg'e......3.... s.c....s7.....1,031. Ossipee...........2.... Sc..... 6... 1,240. Kenosha..............2.... sc.....10.... 1,740. Palos.................4.... Sc.... 0.... 350. Kewaydin..........1... sc....23.....3,177. Passaconaway.......1... i. c.... 4... 3,200. Kickapoo..........3.... i. c.... 8.... 970. Passaic...............3....i. c.... 2.... 844. Klamath...........3....1. c.... 2.... 773. Pawnee...........2... sc.....11...1,289. Koka..................3....i. c.... 2.... 773. Penobscot............4.... Sc..... 9.... 507. Lackawanna..........2.... se..... 7.... 1,533. Pensacola............. 2....2,158. Lancaster.........2... sc.....28.... 2,362. Periwinkle.........4... s.c.... 2.... 387. Lehigh................1. c.... 2.... 844. Pequot................ 593. Leyden................4....sc..... 2.... 350. Phlox.................4....p.w... 2.... 317. Macedonian.........2....sl...16....1,341. Pilgrim...........4... S.c.... 2.... 170. Madawaska...........1.... sc.....15.... 3,281. Pinta..................4....sc..... 2.... 350. 1869.] 137 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Name. Rate. Class. Guns. Tonnage. Name Rate. Clas. Guns. Tonnage. Piscataqua............... sc.....23... 3,177. Speedwell................ sc.... 2.... 350. Pompanoosuc........... sc.....19... 3,713. Squando............. 3...i. c.... 2.... 773. Port-fire............. 4... sc..... 0.... 103. Standish.................sc..... 2.... 350. Portsmouth........3.... sl.... 9....1,022. St. Lawrence........... fr....10....1,726. Potomac.........2.... 2...fr... 23.... 1,726. St. Louis........... 3......... 17.... 700. Powhatan..............p.w...17....2,415. St. Mary's.............s.s....22.... 985. Primrose...........4... p.w... 2.... 94. Spuyten Duyvil........ t. b.... 0.... 116. Puritan.............. 1...i. c.... 2....3,265. Suncook.............. 3...i. c.... 2.... 773. Pushmataha........2...2sc.....138...2,348. Supply................4... s. s.... 6.... 547. Purveyor.................... 1.... 888. Susquehanna............ lp.w...14....2,450. Quinnebaug........... 3....sc..... 6.... 831. Suwanlee..............p.w.. 10....1,030. Quinsigamond.......1... i. c.... 4... 3,299. Swatara...............3... sc.....10.... 831. Relief.................4... s. s.... 3.... 468. Tallapoosa............... p.... 10.... 974. Resaca............... 3...sc..... 8.... 900. Ticonderoga..........2 c... 9.... 9..1,533. Rescue................ 3.... 111. Tippecanoe...........3.i. c.... 2... 1,034. Richmond............2 sc... 15.... 1,929. Tonawandah....... 2... i. c.... 4... 1,564. Roanoke..........1... i. c.... 6....3,435. Triana................4... sc.... 2.... 350. Rocket................sc.... 0.... 127. Tunxis............3...i. c.... 1.... 773. Rose..............4... sc..... 0.... 96. Tuscarora 3.......... 3...s.....10.... 997. Sabine. fr...............fr....34....1,726. Umpqua..........3...i.c.... 2.... 773. Saco.............. 4...sc.....10.... 593. Unadilla...............sc..... 5.... 507. Saginaw...............4... p.w... 6.... 453. Vandalia........... 3 13.......13.... 700. Sandusky............. 4... i. c.... 2.... 479. Vanderbilt............ 1...p. w.. 14... 3,360. Sangamon.........3....... c.... 2.... 844. Vermont..........1.......sh.1. 16... 2,633. Santee.................fr.....50....1,726. V irginia..............1....sh. 1... 80....2,633. Saranac............2... p. w... 11....1,446. Wabash............1... sc....42....3,274. Saratoga............... 3... sl.... 9.... 882. Wachusett............3....sc..... 9 1....1,032. Sassacus........... 3... p. w...10... 974. Wampanoag........ 1... sc.....15....3,281. Saugus................ i.c.... 2....1,034. Wasp,............... 4....p.w... 3.... 521. Savannah..........2.... sl.... 12....1,726. Wassuc............3... i. c.... 1.... 773. Seminole............. 3.... sc..... 8.... 801. Waxsaw...............3....i. c.... 2..., 773. Shakamaxon....... 1... i. c.... 4....3,200. Winnebago........ 3... i. c.... 4....- 970. Shamokin.........3... p.w.. 10....1,030. Winnipec..............p.... 7....1,030. Shawmut.......... 4...sc..... 8.... 593. Wyandank.............s.s... 2.... 399, Shawnee.............. 3... i. c.... 2.... 773. Wyoming..............3 sc.... 6.... 977. Shenandoah........ 2...sc.... 7....1,378. Yantic................4.... sc..... 5.... 593. Shiloh................ 3 i. c.... 2.... 773. Yazoo............3....i. c.... 2.... 773. Snowdrop............. sc.... 2.... 125. Yuma.................3... i. c.... 2.... 773. Sorrel.................4..sc.... 0.... 68. SUMMARY. Rates. No. Gus. First Rate Ships of War..................................................35............672 Second Rate Ships of War............................................... 37............491 Third Rate Ships of War................................................82............436 Fourth Rate Ships of War...............................................57............183 Total............................................................211...........1,782 NAVAL FORCE. * During the year 1867 the aggregate naval force was reduced forty vessels and four hundred and eighty-two guns. The following is a summary of the condition of the vessels of the navy Dec. 1867: Na. G..s. Vessels in squadron service....................................56............ 507 Apprentice s h ips.......................................................... 3............52 Receivingships........................................................... 8............129 Special and lake s e r v i c e................................................... 3............54 * See page 145. 138 [1869. No. Guns. Attached to Naval Academy..................................10.........................115 On service at yards and stations, including yard and powder tugs, and vessels used as barracks and coal barges........................23................... 41 Total number of vessels in use..........................103..................... 898 Iron-clad vessels laid up.....................................49......... 49.......... 109 Iron-clad vessels not completed.......................................... 6............22 Steam vessels not completed..................................21............332 Sailing vessels not completed, (old line-of-battle ships)................... 2............ Other vessels laid up repairing, fitting for sea and for sale................ 57............508 Total number of vessels and guns................................ 238........... 1,869 During the year 1867 there were 11,900 men employed in the naval and coast survey service, but this number was reduced in 1868 to 8,500 men. SQUADRONS. NORTH ATLANTIC SQUADRON. Commanding Officer........................................Rear Admiral HENRY K. HOFp. Flag-Ship.......Contoocook........ 13 guns..............Captain G. B. BALCH. Other vessels.....Glasgow............ 2 " Yantic............ 5 guns. Saco................10 " Penobscot......... 9 " SOUTH ATLANTIC SQUADRON. Commanding Officer........................................Rear Admiral CHARLES H. DAVIS. Flaq-Ship........Guerriere...........21 guns............Captain TIOMAS G. CORBIN. Other vesse.....Kansas............. 8 " Shamokin.........10 guns. Pawnee.............11 " Wasp.............. 3 " Quinnebaug....... 6 " NORTH PACIFIC SQUADRON. Commanding Officer.....................................Rear Admiral T. T. CRAVEN. Fu-Ship........Pensacola...........20 guns.........Captain E. MIDDLETON. Other vessels.....Cyane (store-ship....18 " Ossipee............ 6 guns. Jamestown".... 0 " Resaca............8 " Lackawanna........ 7 " Saginaw.......... 6 " Mohongo...........10 " Saranac............11 " SOUTH PACIFIC SQUADRON. Commanding Officer......................................... Rear Admiral THOMAS TURNER. Flag-Ship........Powhatan...........17 guns.............Captain DAVID MCDOUGAL. Other vessels.....Dacotah............. 7 " Tuscarora.........10 guns. Onward (store-ship). 0 " Kearsarge.........10 " Nyack............... 6 " EUROPEAN SQUADRON. Commanding Officer................................:...........Admiral DAVID G. FARRAGUT. Flag-Ship....... Franklin............39 guns.............Captain A. M. PENNOCK. Other vessels.....Canandaigua........ 7 " Swatara...........10 guns. Frolic............... 5 " Ticonderoga....... 9 " Guard (store-ship)... 0 " ASIATIC SQUADRON. Commanding Officer........................................ Rear Admiral S. C. ROWAN. Flag-Ship........Piscataqua...........21 guns............Captain D. Ammen. Other vessets.....Ashuelot............10 " Oneida............ 8 guns. Aroostook........... 5 " Shenandoah.... 7 " Iroquois............ 6 " Unadilla.......... 5 " Monocacy............10 " Maumee........ 8 " SQUADRONS. 1869.1 139 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. NAVY YARDS AND SHORE STATIONS. NAVY YARD AT PORTSMOUTH, N. H. Coinmandant...................................Rear Admiral JOSEPH LANMAN. Captain......................................... JTOHN GUEST. Ordnance Duty.................................Commander WILLIAM G. TEMPLE. 2VNavigation Du,y................................Commander E. Y. MCCAULEY. Receiving S/lip Vandalia........................Commander W. W. Low. Marine Officer..................................Major THOMAS Y. FIELD. NAVY YARD AT BOSTON. Commandant.................................. Commodore JOHN RODGERS. Captain................................ F. A. PARKErR. Ordnance Duty.................................Captain D. McN. FAIRFAX. Navigation Duty...............................Commander WILLIAM K. MAYO. Receiving S/zip Ohlio............................Captain A. BnySON. Marine 0Officer..................................Lieut. Col. C. J. MCCAWLEY. NAVY YARD AT NEW YORK. Commandant.................................. Rear Admiral S. W. GODON. Captain........................................STEPHEN D. TRENCHARD. Ordnance Duty.................................Captain J. J. ALMY. Receiving S/lip Vermont........................Commander L. A. KIMBERLY. Navigation Office...............................Captain J. W. A. NICHOLSON. NVaval Rendezvous..............................Commanders A. C. RHIND and MILTON HAXTUN. NAVY YARD AT PHILADELPHIIA, PENN. Commandant....................Commodore J. B. MARCHAND. Captain........................................A. MURRAY. Ordnance Duty................................Commodore J. R. Goldsborough. Navigation Duty................................Commander BANCROFT GHERARDI. Receiving S/lip Potomac........................Captain JOHN DE CAMP. LEAGUE ISLAND. Commandant..................................Commodore OLIVER S. GLISSON. Marine Officer..................................Col. M. R. KINTZING. NAVY YARD AT WASHINGTON, D. C. Commandant..................................Rear Admiral WILLIAM RADFORD. Captain........................................T. H. PATTERSON. Commander................................. JOHN LEE DAVIS. Ordnance Duty.................................Commander K. R. BREESE. Navigation Duty...............................Captain HENRY K. DAVENPORT. NAVY YARD AT NORFOLK, VA. Comnmandant..................................Commodore A. H. KILTY. Captain..................................... -C. R. P. RODGERS. Commander....................................T. PATTISON. Ordnance Duty...................... Captain GEORGE H. COOPER. Naviqaation Duty...............................Commander R. T. RENSHAW. Receiving Shlip New Hampshire.................Commander WILLIAM E. FITZHUGH. MJarine Officer................................ Major DAVID M. COHEN. NAVAL STATION, MOUND CITY, ILLINOIS. Commandant..................................Commodore HENRY WALKE. Iron Clad Duty.................C.........Commander JA1MES P. FOSTER. NAVY YARD AT PENSACOLA, FLORIDA. Commandant.............................Commodore T. P. GREENE. Commander....................................B. N. WESTCOTT. Navigation Duty...............................Commanders GEo. A. STEVENS and WM. GIBSOn. 140 [1869. NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA. Iron Clad Duty............................... Captain FRANCIS S. HAGGERTY. NAVY YARD AT MARE ISLAND, CALIFORNIA. Commandant..................................Commodore JAMES ALDEN. Captain........................................REED WERDEN. Ordnance Duty.................................Commander S. R. FRANKLIN. Comnmander....................................T. S. PHELPS. Comm,der....................................J. H. RUSSELL. PAY OF THE NAVY. All officers, while at sea or attached to a sea-going vessel, shall be allowed one ration. The pay of all naval officers appointed by virtue of an act entitled "An act to provide for the temporary increase of the navy," approved July 24,. 1861, shall be the same as that of officers of a like grade in the regular navy. The law provides that the rate of pay of officers of the navy on the retired list, and not on duty, nor retired on furlough pay, in cases where such rate of pay has not heretofore been fixed by law, shall be one half of the pay to which such officers would be entitled if on duty at sea. The pay of clerks of navy yards, of clerks to commandants of navy yards, and of clerks to naval store-keepers was increased twenty-five per cent. upon their salaries from the commencement of the fiscal year, July 1, 1867. And the retired pay of Surgeons, Paymasters, Engineers and other staff officers in the navy was made the same as that of the retired officers of the line with whom they have relative rank. Officers on the retired and reserved lists of the navy are entitled to promotion as their several dates upon the active list are promoted; but such promotion does not entitle them to any pay beyond that to which they were entitled when retired, unless upon active duty, when they shall receive the full pay of their respective grades. PAY TABLE. Grade.. Pay p.er Annum. ADMIRAL...................................................$10,000 VICE-ADMIRAL.-When at sea..............................................................7,000 When on shore duty.................:...............................................6,000 On leave or waiting orders......................................................... 5,000 REAR-ADMIRALS, (Active List).-Whenr at sea..............................................5,000 When on shore duty...............................................................4,000 On leave or waiting orders.................................... 3,000 On Retired List........................................................ 2,000 COMMODORES, (Active List).-When at sea................................................4,000 When on shore du,ty....................................................3,200 On leave or waiting orders.......................................................... 2,400 On Retired List......................................................................1,800 CAPTAINS, (Active List).-When at s ea..................................... 3,500 When on shore duty.........................................2,800 On leave or waiting orders..........................................................2,100 On Retired List......................................................................1,600 COMMANDERS. (Active List).-When at sea.................................................2,800 When on shore duty.................................................................2,240 On leave or waiting orders..........................................................1,680 On Retired List......................................................................1,400 PAY OF THE NAVY. 1869.] 141 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Grades. Pay perAnnum. LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS, (Active List). —When at sea..................................$2,343 When on shore duty................................................................1,875 On leave or waiting orders........................................................... 1,500 On Retired List......................................................................1,300 LIEUTENANTS, (Active List).-When at sea.................................................1,875 When on shore duty.................................................................1,500 On leave or waiting orders..........................................................1,200 On Retired List......................................................................1,000 MASTERS, (Active List).-When at sea....................................................1,500 When on shore duty.................................................................1,200 On leave or waiting orders.......................................................... 960 On Retired List...................................................................... 800 ENSIGNS, (Active List).-When at sea......................................................1,200 When on shore duty................................................................. 960 On leave or waiting orders.......................................................... 768 On Retisied List...................................................................... 500 -MIDSHIPMEN —After graduating and while on sea-service.................................. 800 Prior to graduating and when on shore duty or leave................................ 500 MATEs-After one year's continuous service and on sea-service........................... 720 On other duty or on leave...........................................................*480 FLEET SURGEONS..........................................................................3,300 SURGEONS-On duty at sea For first five years after date of commission as surgeon.............................2,200 For second five years after date of commission as surgeon..........................2,400 For third five years after date of commission as surgeon............................2,600 For fourth five years after date of commission as surgeon...........................2,800 For twenty years and upwards after date of commission............................ 3,000 On other duty For first five years after date of commission as surgeon............................2,000 For second five years after date of commission as surgeon..........................2,200 For third five years after date of commission as surgeon............................2,400 For fourth five years after date of commission as surgeon...........................2,600 For twenty years and upwards after date of commission............................ 2,800 On leave or waiting orders For first five years after date of commission as surgeon.............................1,600 For second five years after date of commission as surgeon......................... 1,800 For third five years after date of commission as surgeon............................1,900 For fourth five years after date of commission as surgeon...........................2,100 For twenty years and upwards after date of commission............................2,300 RETIRED SURGEONS-Surgeons ranking with captains.....................................1,600 Surgeons ranking with commanders.................................................1,400 Surgeons ranking with lieutenant commanders......................................1,309 PASSED ASSISTANT SURGEONS-On duty at sea.............................................1,500 On other duty...................................................................... 1,400 On leave or waiting orders..........................................................1,100 RETIRED PASSED AND ASSISTANT SURGEONS Passed, ranking with lieutenants....................................................1,000 Assistants, ranking with masters.................................................... 800 ASSISTANT SURGEONS-On duty at sea.....................................................1,250 On other duty.......................................................................1,050 On leave or waiting orders.......................................................... 800 FLEET PAYMASTERS....................................................................... 3,300 PAYMASTERS-On duty at sea For first five years after date of commission.....,.............I....................0.. 200 For second five years after date of commission......................................2,400 For third five years after date of commission........................................2,600 For fourth five years after date of commission.......................................2,900 For twenty years and upwards after date of commission............................8,100 * states whose pay is $40 per month, to receive 20 per cent. additional. 142 [1869. PAY OF THE NAVY. Gredes. Pay perAnnum. PAYMASTERS-On other duty. For first five years after date of commission........................................$1,800 For second five years after date of commission......................................2,100 For third five years after date of commission........................................2,400 For fourth five years after date of commission.......................................2,600 For twenty years and upwards after date of commission............................2,800 On leave or waiting orders For first five years after date of commission.........................................1,400 For second five years after date of commission......................................1,G00 For third five years after date of commission........................................1,500 For fourth five years after date of commission......................................2,000 For twenty years and upwards after date of commission............................2,250 PAYMAsTERS RETIRED-Ranking with captains...........................................1,600 Ranking with commanders..........................................................1,400 Ranking with lieutenant commanders...............................................1,300 PASSED ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS-On duty at sea..........................................1,500 On other duty.......................................................................1,400 On leave or waiting orders..........................................................1,200 ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS-On duty at sea First five years after date of commission............................................1,300 After five years from date of commission............................................1,500 On other duty First five years after date of commission............................................1,000 After five years from date of commission...........................................1,200 On leave or waiting orders-First five years after date of commission................. 800 After five years from date of commission...........................................1,000 RETIRED ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS............................................ 800 NAVAL CONSTRUCTORS-On duty-First five years in service...............................2,400 Second five years in service........................................................ 2,600 Third five years in service...................................................2,800 Fourth five years in service..........................................................3,000 Over twenty years in service........................................................3,200 On leave or waiting orders-First five years in service.................................1,600 Second five years in service..........................................................1,800 Third five years in service...........................................................2,C00 Fourth five years in service.......................................................... 2,200 Over twenty years in service......................................................,400 On Retired List-Ranking with Captain................................................1,(00 Ranking with commander..........................................................1,400 Ranking with lieutenant commander................................................1,300 Assistant Varal Constructors...........................................................2,000 CHAPLAINS-TO be paid as lieutenants, except when retired, when their pay is the same as retired officers of the line with whom they have relative rank. PROFESSORS OF MATHEMATICS-On duty.................................. -—.... 1,800 On leave or waiting orders.......................................................... 960 BOATSWAINS, GUNNERS, CARPENTERS, AND SAILMAKERS-On duty at sea For first three years' sea-service from date of appointment..........................1,000 For second three years' sea-service from date of appointment........................1,150 For third three years' sea-service from date of appointment.........................1,250 For fourth three years' sea-service from date of appointment........................1,350 For twelve years' sea-service and upwards...........................................1,450 On other duty-For first three years' sea-service after date of appointment............ 800 For second three years' sea-service after date of appointment....................... 900 For third three years' sea-service after date of appointment..........................1,000 For fourth three years' sea-service after date of appointment........................1,100 For twelve years' sea-service and upwards...........................................1,200 On leave or waiting orders-For first three years' sea-service after date of appointment 600 For second three years' sea-service after date of appointment........................ 700 For third three years' sea-service after date of appointment......................... 800 For fourth three years' sea-service after date of appointment........................ 900 For twelve years' sea-service and upwards..........................................1,000 1869.) 143 i. Grades. Pa per annum. FLEET ENGINEERS........................................................................ $3,300 ENGrNEERS-Chief Engineer, (on duty)-For first five years after date of commission...... 2,200 For second five years after date of commission......................................2,500 For third five years after date of commission........................................2,800 After fifteen years from date of commission.........................................3,000 On leave or waiting orders-For first five years after date of commission..............1,500 For second five years after date of commission......................................1,600 For third five years after date of commission........................................1,700 After fifteen years from date of commission.........................................1,800 Retired Chi,f Engineers-Chief engineers ranking with captains......................1,600 Chief engineers ranking with commanders..........................................1,400 Chief engineers ranking with lieutenant commanders............................... 1,00 First Assistant Engineers-On duty................................................... 1,500 On leave or waiting orders............................................................1,100 Retired First Assistant Engineers...................................................... 800 Second Assistant Engineers-On duty................................................... 1,200 On leave or waiting orders.......................................................... 900 Retired Second Assistant Engineers..................................................... 500 Third Assistant Engineers-On duty...................................................1,000 On leave or waiting orders........................................................... 800 SECRETARY TO ADMIRAL AND VIcE-ADMIRAL-Sea pay and allowance to each of a lieutenant. SECRETARIES to commanders of squadrons................................................1,500 CLERKS, APOTHECARIES, &c.-To commanders of squadrons and commanders of vessels.. 500 First clerks to commandants of navy-yards, and clerks of navy-yards................1,200 Second clerks to commandants...................................................... 960 Commandant's clerk, navy-yard, Mare island........................................1,500 Clerk of navy-yard......................................................1............ 1,500 To paymasters at Boston, New Yorki Washington, and Philadelphia stations........1,200 At other stations....................................................................1,000 To inspectors in charge of provisions and clothing at Boston, New York and Phila..1,200 At other inspections.................................................................1,000 To receiving ships at Boston and New York.........................1................,200 In other receiving ships, and in vessels of the first rate, and at the Naval Academy..1,000 To fleet paymasters and to paymasters of vessels of the second rate................. 800 To paymasters of vessels of the third rate, when allowed........................... 700 Apothecaries, first class............................................................. 750 Apothecaries at Mare Island, first class..............................................1,000 Apothecaries, second class, per month............................................... 40 Apothecaries, third class, per month................................................. 30 Paymaster's writers, first class, (at navy-yards, receiving-ships, and Naval Academy)... 750 Paymaster's writers, second class, per month, (attached to first and second rates, storeships, and to third and fourth rates, where no paymaster's clerk is allowed).. 40 Paymaster's writers, third class, per month, (where paymaster's clerks are allowed).... 33 PETTY OFFICERS, SEAMEN, &C. PAY PER MONTH. lst Rate. 2d Rate. 3d Rate. 4th Rate. Chief Boatswain's Mates.......................................$30.......$30 Boatswain's Mates in Charge...................................30......30.......$80.......$30 Boatswain's Mates.............................................27........27........27........27 2 Chief Gunner's Mates..........................................30........30................ Gunner's Mates in Charge......................................30........30........ 30......30 Gunner's Mates.................................27......27........................27 Chief Quartermasters................................30......30......28......30 28 Quartermasters................................................25........25......25........25 Cockswains to Commanders-in-Chief...........................30......30......30........30 Cockswains....................................................25........25........25......25 Captains of Forecastle.........................................25...... 25..............25 Captains of Tops.................................... 25...... 25......25.. 25........ 25 Quarter Gunners....................................25......2.....25.........25 Carpenter's Mates................................... 30..... 0............30 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 144 [1869. PAY PER MONTIH. lt Rate. 2d Rato. 8d Rate. 4th Rate. Carpenters, including Caulkers..............................$20.......$20.......$20.......$20 Sailmaker's Mates.................................. 25..... 25........25........ 25 Painters, 1st Class..............................................25........25................ Painters, 2d Class...................................22......22......2........22 Coopers........................................................22......22........22...... 22 Armorers......................................................35........30................ Armorer's Mates...............................................22........22........22........22 Captains of Hiold...............................................25........5......25........25 Captains of Afterguard.........................................25........25........25........25 Ship's Cooks...........................................................30....... 26........26 Bakers.........................................................25........25........22........22 Yeomen........................................... 45...... 40.......45........40........35........30 Master-at-Arms................................................40........35........30........25 Machinists........................................40........40........40.....4040 Schoolmasters...........................................35....... 0.... 25........20 Ship's Writers..................................................30........25........20........18 Ship's Corporals...............................................2 2........22......22........22 Msters of the Bands...........................................35........30................ Musicians, 1st Class............................................20........20................ Musicians, 2d Class............................................16........16................ Stewards to Commanders-in-Chief......................40........40........40........40 Cooks to Commanders-in-Chief.................................35........35........35.......35 5 Cabin Stewards..................................... 35........35........35........35 35 Cabin Cooks....................................................30........30........30........30 Wardroom Stewards................................ 30........30........30......30 30 Wardroom Cooks............:......................25.......25........25.......25 Steerage Stewards.................................20......20......2 0........................20 Steerage Cooks....................................18......................................18 Warrant Officers' Stewards...........................18......18......18.................18 Warrant Officers' Cooks....................................... 14........14........14........14 Seamen......................................... 20......20........20........20 Ordinary Seamen...................................16.......16......16..........16 Landsmen........................................14.....14.....14................... 14 Nurses...........................................14......14........ 14........14 Boys, 1st Class.................................................10........10.......10........10 Boys, 2d Class......................................9............ 9........ 9 9 Boys, 3d Class.................................................. 8........ 8........ 8........ 8 Firemen, I st Class.............................................30...... 30........30........30 Firemen, 2d Class..................................25......25......25............. 25 Coal-heavers...................................................20........20........20........20 The List of Vessels in the Navy was corrected at the Navy Department, October, 1868. From that time to December, several changes were made by which the naval force was still farther reduced. The changes in the squadrons are as follows: The Gettysburg of 9 guns, and the Nipsic of 6 guns, have at different times been in IIaytien waters, connected with the North Atlantic Squadron. The Shamokin, from the South Atlantic Squadron; the Canandaigua, from the European Squadron, and the Shenandoah, from the Asiatic Squadron, have returned, or have been ordered home, and the Idaho, (store and hospital ship) of 7 guns, is attached to the Asiatic Squadron. Exhibit of the Naval Force, December, 1868. The number of vessels in squadron service, as cruisers, storeships and returning is 42, carrying 411 guns-a reduction during the year of 14 vessels, carrying 96 guns. The number of vessels of all descriptions in use as cruisers, storeships, receiving ships, tugs, &c., is 81, carrying 693 guns-a reduction from last year of 22 vessels, carrying 205 guns. The total number of vessels borne upon the navy list is 206, carrying 1,743 guns-a reduction during the year of 32 vessels, carrying 126 guns. No. GunS. Iron-clad vessels..................................52............1.... 29 Screw steamers...................................95........... 938 Paddle wheel steamers............................. 28................199 Sailing vessels................................................31................477 Total......................................206............... 1,743 10 rAY OF THF, NAVY. 145 IM-1 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE.* The ordinary business of this office may be classified under the following heads: 1. Official opinions on the current business of the government, as called for by the President, by any head of department, or by the Solicitor of the Treasury. 2. Examination of the titles of all land purchased, as the sites of arsenals, custom-houses, light-houses, and all other public works of the United States. 3. Applications for pardons in all cases of conviction in the courts of the United States. 4. Application for appointment in all the judicial and legal business of the government. 5. The conduct and argument of all suits in the Supreme Court of the United States in which the government is concerned. 6. The supervision of all other suits arising in any of the departments, when referred by the head thereof to the Attorney General. To these ordinary heads of the business of the office is added at the present time the direction of all appeals on land claims in California. Attorey General..........................WM.....W. M. EVARTS..........................$8,000 Assistant Attorney General.....................J. HUBLEY ASHTON.......................4,000 " - " ".................... T. LYLE DICKEY...........................4,000 Chief Cerk.....................................MATTHEW F. PLEASANTS..................2,200 JUDICIARY.* The Constitution provides that the judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, hold their offices during good behavior; and at stated times receive for their services a compensation, which is not to be diminished during their continuance in office. The judicial power extends to all cases in law and equity arising under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more states; between a state and citizens of another state, between citizens of different states, between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and of foreign states, citizens or subjects. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the supreme court has original jurisdiction. In all other cases before mentioned, the supreme court has appellate * Corrected by Clerk of Supreme Court, October, 1868. 146 [1869. jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such obligations as congress shall make. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. Chief Justice, Salmon P. Chase, Ohio. Associate Justices, Samuel Nelson, New York; Robert C. Grier, Pennsylvania; Nathan Clifford, Maine; Noah H. Swayne, Ohio; Samuel F. Miller, Iowa; David Davis, Illinois; Stephen J. Field, California. Clerk, D. W. Middleton; Marshal, R. C. Parsons; Reporter, John Wm. Wallace. Salary of Chief Justice, $6,500; of each Associate Justice, $6,000. CIRCUIT COURTS.* This country is divided into nine Judicial Circuits, in each of which a Circuit Court is held twice every year, for each State within the Circuit, by a Justice of the Supreme Court, assigned to the Circuit, and by the District Judge of the State or district in which the Court sits. The Circuit Courts have both original and appellate jurisdiction. They have concurrent jurisdiction with the State Courts, where the matter in dispute exceeds the sum of $500, and the United States are plaintiffs; or where an alien is a party; or where the suit is between citizens of different States. They have exclusive jurisdiction in all cases of crimes against the laws of the IUnited States, except where the law especially confers the power on other Courts. The District Courts have exclusive original jurisdiction in all admiralty and maritime causes. lst Circuit-Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Rhode Island..... JUDGE CLIFFORD. 2d Circuit-Connecticut, New York and Vermont.........................JUDGE NELSON. 3d Circuit-New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware...................... JD GIER. 4th Circuit-Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North and South Carolina.................................................CHIEFr JUSTICE CEASE. 5th Circuit-Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas.................................................... 6th Circuit-Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky and Tennessee.....................JUDGE SWAYNE. 7th Circuit-Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin..............................JUDGE DAVIs. 8th Circuit-Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas and Nebraska....JUDGE MILLER. 9th Circuit-California, Oregon and Nevada................................JUDGE FIELD. COURT OF CLAIMS. The Court of Claims was established in 1855; it hears and determines all claims founded upon a law of Congress, or regulation of an executive department, or upon any contract with the government of the United States. Chief Justice, Joseph Casey. Judges, Edward J. Loring, Ebenezer Peck, Charles C. Nott, Samuel Milligan. Chief Clerk, Samuel H. Huntington. Assistant Clerk, John Randolph. Bailiff, Stark B. Taylor. SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Chief Justice, David K. Cartter. Associate Justices, Abraham B. Olin, George P. Fisher, Andrew Wylie. Attorney, Edward C. Carrington; Marshal, David S. Gooding; Clerk, Return J. Meigs; Register of Deeds, F. P. Cuppy. Salary of Chief Justice, $4,500; of each Associate Justice, $4,000. *For District Courts and Officers see the different states. 189.] JUDICIARY. 147 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. [Corrected at Post Office Department, October, 1868.] The management of the Post Office Department is assigned by the Constitution and laws to the Postmaster General. The Appointment Office, at the head of which is the First Assistant Postmaster General, attends to the establishment and discontinuance of post offices, changes of sites and names, appointment and removal of postmasters and route of local agents, and giving of instructions to postmasters. It provides marking and rating stamps and letter balances for postmasters, and blanks and stationery for the use of the department, and superintends the several agencies established for supplying postmasters with blanks, wrapping paper and twine. It has the supervision of the ocean mail steamship lines and of the foreign and international postal arrangements. The Contract OQffice, at the head of which is the Second Assistant Postmaster General, arranges the mail service, and places the same under contract, corresponds and acts respecting the trips, conveyance, departures and arrivals on all the routes, the course of the mail between the different sections of the country, the points of distribution, and the regulations fbr the government of the domestic mail service. It prepares the advertisements, receives the bids, and takes charge of the annual and occasional mail lettings; the adjustment and execution of the contracts; application for the establishment or alteration of mail arrangements, and the appointment of mail messengers. All claims for transportation service not under contract are to be recognized by the Contract Office as authority for the proper credits at the Auditor's Office. Postmasters at the end of routes receive from it the statement of mail arrangements prescribed for the respective routes. It reports weekly to the Auditor all contracts executed, and all orders affecting accounts for mail transportation; prepares the statistical exhibits of the mail service, and the reports of the mail lettings, giving a statement of each bid; also, of the contracts made, the new service originated, the curtailments ordered, and the additional allowances granted within the year. To the Inspection Division of-this Office, is assigned the duty of receiving and examining the registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates of the service of route agents, and reports of mail failures; of noting the delinquencies of contractors, and preparing cases thereon for the action of the Postmaster General; furnishing blanks for mail registers, and reports of mail failures; providing and sending out mail-bags and mail locks and keys; the suppression of all cases of mail depredation, of violation of law by private express, or by the forging or illegal use of postage stamps. All communications respecting lost money, lost letters, mail depredations, or other violations of laws should be directed to this division. The Finance Office, the head of which is the Third Assistant Postmaster General, supervises the financial business of the department not devolved by law upon the Auditor, embracing accounts with the draft officers and other depositaries of the department, the issuing of warrants and drafts in payment of balances reported by the Auditor to be due to mail contractors I 148 [1869. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. and other persons, the supervision of the accounts of officers under order to deposit their quarterly balances at designated points, and the superintendence of the rendition by postmasters of their quarterly returns of postag,e. It has charge of the dead-letter office, of the issuing of postage stamps and stamped envelopes for the prepayment of postage, and of the accounts connected therewith. To the Third Assistant Postmaster General, all postmasters should direct their quarterly returns of postage; those at draft offices, their letters reporting quarterly the net proceeds of their offices; and those at depositing offices, their certificates of deposit. To him should also be directed the weekly and monthly returns of the depositaries of the department, as well as all applications and receipts for postage stamps and stamped envelopes, and for dead letters. CHEF OFFICERS IN POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. Postmaster General.............................ALEX. W. RANDALL.......................$8,000 First Assistant Postmaster Genera l............ ST. JOHN B. L. SKINNER................. 38,500 econd Assistant Postmaster General...........GEORGE W. MCLELLAN...................3,500 Third Assistant Postmaster General............ ALEX. N. ZEVELY.........................3,500 Superintendent of AMoney Order System.........C. F. MACDONALD.........................3,000 Superintendent of Foreign Mails................J. H. BLACKFAN...........................3,000 Chief Clerk....................................E. L. CHILDS..............................2,200 Disbursing Clerk and Superintendent...........WILLIAM BELL............................2,000 Chief Clerk of Aontment Office.............JAMES H. MAR..........................2,000 Chief Clerk of Contract Office..................REVERE W. GURLEY...................... 2,000 Chief Clerk of Finance Office..................WM. M. IRELAND....................... 2,000 Topographer....................................W. L. NICHOLSON....................... 1,800 Money Order Offie............................ D. A. HAYNES..........................1,800 Blank Agent...................................ROBERT P. CADY....................... 1,800 REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES OF POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. The ordinary postal revenue for the year ending June 30, 1868, was $16,292,600.80; the expenditures for the same time, including service for which special appropriations were made, $22,730,592.65; excess of expenditures, $6,437,991.85. The receipts were: From postages, $16,292,600; amounts drawn from the treasury under acts making appropriations for "carrying free matter," $3,800,000; under acts making special appropriations for " Oerland mail and marine service between New York and California," $1,125,009; "steamship service between San Francisco, Japan and China," $125,000; between the "United States and Brazil," $150,000; for "carrying the mail on routes established by acts passed during the first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress," $486,525; "for preparing and publishing post route maps," $10,000, making the receipts from all sources, $21,989,125. The expenditures of all kinds were $22,730,592, as above stated; excess over receipts, $741,466. The ordinary expenses of the department, not including mail transportation provided for by special appropriations, were $21,555,592.65; and the ordinary receipts, including the amount drawn under appropriation for carrying free mail matter, were $20,092,600.80, showing an excess of expenditures of $1,462,991.85, for $741,466.85, of which, a special appropriation will be required. The receipts for postages, as compared with the 1869.] 149 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. previous year, show an increase of 6 per cent., and the expenditures an increase of 18.1 per cent. POSTAL CONVENTIONS. Postal Conventions with Great Britain and Countries on the Continent of Europe. Liberal postal conventions, with general uniformity of principles and details, have been concluded with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the North German Union, and Italy, securing important reductions of postage, and introducing other valuable improvements in our postal intercourse with those countries. The new postal convention concluded with the United Kingdom, which goes into operation January 1, 1869, establishes the following rates of international postage, viz: 1. Letters- Twelve cents per single rate of 15 grammes (half ounce) in the United States, and sixpence (12 cents) in the United Kingdom, prepayment optional. A fine of five cents in the United States, and twopence (4 cents) in the United Kingdom will, however, be levied and collected in addition to the deficient postage on each unpaid or insufficiently prepaid letter received by one country from the other. 2. Newspapers- Two cents each in the United States, and one penny each in the United Kingdom, if not exceedingfour ounces in weight. 3. Book-packets (including printed papers of all kinds, &c.), and patterns or samples of merchandise (including seeds and grain): When not exceeding one ounce in weight, two cents in the United States, and one penny in the United Kingdom. Whel exceeding one ounce and not exceeding two ounces in weight four cents in the United States, and twopence in the United Kingdom. When exceeding two ounces and not exceedingfour ounces in weight six cents in the United States, and threepence in the United Kingdom. When exceedingfour ounces in weight, an additional rate of six cents in the United States, and threepence in the United Kingdom will be charged for every additionalfour ounces or fraction thereof. The postage chargeable as above, upon all articles of printed matter, including patterns or samples of merchandise, must be fully prepaid at the mailing office in either country, and is in full to destination-the receiving country delivering the same without charge. 4. Each country to make its own arrangements for the dispatch of mails to the other by well appointed ships, and to pay for the transportation of the mails which it dispatches. 5. The free transfer of extra territorial mails in the seaports of the two countries is provided for. The conventions concluded with Belgium, the Netherlands, the North German Union, Italy, and Switzerland, respectively, contain substantially the same principles and provisions as the convention with the United Kingdom, with such slight modifications as were necessary to meet the peculiarities of the postal system of each country. The single rate for letters between the United States and Belgium, by closed mails through England, is reduced from 27 to 15 cents; between the I! 150 [1869. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. United States and Prussia embracing all the States now included within the North German Union, the single letter rate is reduced from 30 to 15 cents; and the same rate of fifteen cents has been established to the Netherlands, Italy, and to Switzerland, respectively, by closed mails through England, thus securing a uniform rate of letter postage to each of these countries. The conventions with Belgium and the North German Union also establish a reduced international rate of ten cents for letters transmitted by regular lines of mail steamships plying directly between any port of the United States and any port of the north of Europe. The-principle of free transit for correspondence transmitted in closed mails is adopted in the conventions with the Netherlands and Italy, and in each of the other conventions very low transit charges are established. Postal, Convention with Hong Kong, China. A postal convention, with simple provisions avoiding postage accounts, has also been concluded with the colonial government of Hong Kong, China. The arrangements made with the Hong Kong office embrace correspondence originating in the United States and addressed to Hong Kong or to the dependent Chinese ports with which Hong Kong maintains postal relations, including Canton, Amoy, Swatow, and Foo Chow; and vice versa of correspondence originating in Hong Kong or the dependent Chinese ports, and addressed to the United States. Prepayment is compulsory. Each office retains the postage which it collects at the established rates on the correspondence which it forwards to the other, and the receiving office delivers free of charge. Mail Steamship service to Japan and China. The mail steamship service between the United States and China authorized by the act of Congress, approved February 17, 1865, was commenced on the 1st of January, 1867, by the departure of the steamship Colorado from San Francisco with the mails for Japan and China. The average duration of the first three voyages of the Colorado was as follows, viz.: Days. Hours. Minutes. From San Francisco to Yokohama...................................22..... 1........ 41 From San Francisco to Hong Kong including detention at Yokohama. 30........11.......10 From Yokohama to Hong Kong...................................... 6......2....... 48 From Hong Kong to Yokohama...................................... 7........12........46 From Yokohama to San Francisco................................... 21........9........ 0 From Hong Kong to San Francisco including detention at Yokohama. 30........2........ 7 A supplemental contract was executed on the 20th of March, 1867, for the conveyance of the United States mails without additional charge, in lieu of the Honolulu service released, by a branch line of steamers between Yokohama, or other port in Japan used by the main line, and the port of Shanghai, in China, making continuous regular monthly trips between said ports in connection with the main line, both on the outward and homeward voyages. POSTAL SERVICE. Post Offices and Delivery of Letters. A large majority of offices discontinued are in the southern states, the service at which was suspended by 1869.] 151 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. order of the Postmaster General, in May, 1861, and were not in operation thereafter, but not regularly discontinued. These offices were reported by the Auditor to the appointment office as having failed to make returns for five years, and their discontinuance recommended as necessary to enable that officer to close the accounts of the late postmasters on the books of his office, and for that reason it was deemed advisable to formally discontinue thenm The free delivery of letters by carriers has been in operation during the past year in forty-eight of the principal cities. The number of carriers employed was 1,198, at an aggregate compensation of $995,934.34. This mode of delivery continues to grow in public favor, and experience justifies the belief that it will supersede the system of box delivery, increase correspondence, and not only pay its expenses, but yield a revenue to the department STATISTICS FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1867. Appointments. The number of post offices established during the year was........ 1,884 Number discontinued...................................................................... 6,111 Decrease of offices....................................................................... 4,226 Number of post offices in operation on the 30th of June, 1866, including suspended offices in the Southern States....................................................................29,389 Total number in operation on the 30th of June, 1867.....................................25,163 Number of offices subject to appointment by the President............................... 83T7 Number by the Postmaster-General.................................................... 24,32 Appointments made to fill vacancies by resignation of postmasters................. 4,065 By removals....................................................................... 3,444 By change of name and sites....................................................... 135 By death of postmasters........................................................... 215 By establishment of new offices................................................... 1,885 Total number of appointments........................................................... 9l,44 Number of cases acted upon...............................................................15,9 Number of special agents...................... 43 Number of postal route clerks............ 170 Number of route agents................... 493 Number of local mail agents.............. 60 Number of regular bag,gage-masters............ 48 Number of temporary baggage-masters.... 56 Number of mail route messengers......-... 29 Total..................................... 899 Aggregate compensation.............. $113,590 Aggregate compensation............. 197,500 Aggregate compensation............. 485,100Q Aggregate compensation............. 40,358 Aggregate compensation............. 3,320 Aggregate compensation............. 3,402 Aggregate compensation............. 16,060 $859,380 Postage Stamps and Stamped Envelopes. There, were issued during the year, 371,599,605 postage stamps of the value of $11,578,607; 44,566,150 plain stamped envelopes, representing $1,290,588.50; 16,662,150 stamped envelopes bearing printed cards and requests, representing $494,712.50; and 1,857,750 newspaper wrappers, valued at $37,155. The aggregate value was $13,401,063. The issue of postage stamps compared with the previous year shows an increase of about 6.5 per cent., whilst the issue of stamped envelopes increased almost 61 per cent. The sales of postage stamps and stamped envelopes during the year amounted tQ $12,988,134.32, leaving unsold in the hands of postmasters, $412,928.78. Contracts and Mail Routes. There were in he service of the department on the 30th June, 1867, 6,376 contractors for the transportation of mails. Of mail routes in operation there were 7,743; aggregate length, 203,245 miles; aggregate annual transportation, 78,982,789 miles, aggregate annual cost, $9,336,286; including the compensation of postal railway clerks, route agents, local agents, mail messengers, mail route messengers, and baggage masters in charge of mails, $1,020,871, the aggregate annual cost was $10,357,157. This service was divided as follows, viz: RaUilroad Routes: Length, 84,015 miles annual transportation, 32,437,900 miles; annual cost, $3,812,600; about 11.75 cents per mile. [16. 152 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. Steamboat Routes: Length, 15,094 miles; annual transportation, 3,210,740 miles; annual cost $472,206; about 14.7 cents per mile. Celerity, Certainty, and Security Routes: Length, 153,136 miles; annual transportation, 43,334,149 miles; annual cost, $5,051,480; about 11.65 cents per mile. The length of routes was increased over the preceding year 22,324 miles; the annual trans portation, 7,144,875; and cost, $1,705,812; to which add increased cost for railway postal clerks, route, local, and other agents, $241,161, makes an aggregate of $1,946,973. Fines and Deductions. The amount of fines imposed and deductions made from the pay of contractors, for failures and other delinquencies during the year, was $188,839.46, and the amount remitted for the same period was $42,931.79, leaving the net amount of fines and deductions $145,907.97. Mail Bags. The amount expended for mail bags was $80,440, an excess of $26,812.50 over the expenditure of the previous year, but less by $11,275.86 than that of the year next preceding. Railway Postal Service. There are now in operation in the United States eighteen railway postal routes, extending in the aggregate over 4,435 miles, upon 879 miles of which twice daily service is performed, making a total equal to 5,314 miles of railway postal service daily each way. There are employed in this service 160 men, as head clerks, and clerks, at a cost of $187,900 per annum. Foreign Mail Service. The aggregate amount of postage upon the correspondence exchanged with foreign countries was $2,441,242.52, an increase of $152,023.22 over the previous year. Of this amount, $1,969,605.55 accrued on the correspondence exchanged in the mails with Great Britain, France, Prussia, Bremen, Hamburg and Belgium, $348,303.88 on correspondence exchanged with the British North American provinces, and $123,333.09 on mails transmitted to and from the West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America, the Sandwich Islands, Japan and China. The United States portion of the postage on correspondence exchanged with Great Britain and the continent of Europe, amounted to $871,223.45; with the British North American provinces, $196,848.13; and with the West Indies, &c., $123,333.09, making the total United States postages on foreign mails, $1,191,404.67. The number of letters exchanged with foreign countries (exclusive of the British North American provinces) was 10,298,234, of which 5,312,401 were sent from, and 4,985,833 received in the United States. Of this number 9,442,111 were exchanged with European countries, an increase of 877,264 as compared with the previous year. The estimated number exchanged with the British provinces was 2,806,000, making a total of over 13,100,000 letters exchanged in the mails with foreign countries. The number of newspapers sent to foreign countries, exclusive of the British North American provinces, was 2,956,599, and the number received, 1,871,710, making a total of 4,828,482. Of this number, 4,418,482 were exchanged with European countries. The cost of the trans-Atlantic mail steamship service under the provisions of the law allowing sea and inland postages to American, and sea postages only to foreign steamships was $551,338.01. The amount paid for the transportation of mails to and from the West Indies, was $60,711.77, and the amount paid for sea and Isthmus conveyance of mails to and from Central and South America via Panama, was $22,956.79; making a total expenditure for ocean transportation of $635,006.57, exclusive of the payments made to the Brazil and China lines, receive ing subsidies for mail service under special acts of Congress. Balance due Foreign Post Departments: The excess of postage collections in the United States on the correspondence exchanged with Great Britain and countries on the continent of Europe was $564,757.13, and the balance against the United States on adjustment of the international postage accounts with those countries amounted to $357,223.77. Dead Letters. The number of letters consigned to the dead letter office during the past fiscal year, was 3,619,062 dead domestic letters, partly estimated; 443,786 unmailable letters, Chiefly held fornon-payment of postage; 179,466 dead letters mailed in foreign countries, and 64,194 letters mailed in the United States, and returned as "dead" from the foreign countries to which they were originally addressed; making a total from all sources of 4,306,508, a decrease of 892,097 letters from the same total as estimated for the previous year. The whole number of dead letters, of domestic and foreign origin, and returned from the local offices of the United States, was 3,798,528; a decrease of 789,514 as compared with the returns of the previous year. The whole number of unmailable letters was 443,786, a decrease since last report of 94,337. Of the number received, 7,961 letters were directed to places having no mail service. The number of money letters containing sums of one dollar and upwards was 21,.365, enclosing $138,365, of which 668, containing $8,564.56, were registered. There were restored to owners 18,577 letters, containing $127,135.43. The number of money letters containing sums of less than one dollar was 13,770, enclosing $3,869.24; of these, 10,372 containing $3,485.09, were restored to owners. 1869.] 153i THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The amount of money taken from unclaimed letters filed prior to July 1,1867, was $19,914.67, which, together with $5,159.20 realized from the sale of waste paper, amounting to $25,073,87, was deposited in the treasury. The number of letters enclosing bills of exchange, checks, deeds, and other papers, classed as "minor" letters, was 21,262 with a nominal value of $5,109,554.48. Of this class 19,991 letters were restored to owners. The number of letters enclosing photographs, jewelry, and other articles, classed as "property" letters, was 49,386, of which 34,892 were restored to owners. The number of foreign letters returned unopened to the countries where they originated was 186,189, and those received from foreign countries was 64,194. The number of ordinary letters remailed to writers was 1,677,875; of these, 1,421,871, or 84 per cent. were delivered. It thus appears that of 4,306,508 letters consigned to the dead letter office during the year, there have been restored to owners 1,611,686; filed and held for future disposition, 18,553; and returned to foreign countries 186,189, leaving a balance of 2,490,080 indicative of the number that were properly or unavoidably destroyed. Of these, about 1,500,000 were worthless, being mostly circulars and gift or lottery advertisements; 256,004 were sent out but not delivered, leaving about 1,000,000 without signatures, or so written as to be unintelligible. In 1859, there were 381 dead letters to every one thousand dollars of postage revenue; in 1861, 3839; in 1862, 302; in 1863, 246; in 1864, 301; in 1865, 326; in 1866, 347; in 1867, 278. Postal Money Order System, The whole number of money order post offices in opeeration at the close of the fiscal year, 1867, was 1,224. The number of orders issued during the year was 474,496 of the aggregate value of.......................................................................$9,229,327.72 The number paid was 461,876 of the value of........................ $8,977,87i4.71 To which is to be added the amount of orders repaid to purchasers......93,366.02 9,071,240.73 9,071,~40.~3 Excess of issues over payments...................................................$158,086.99 The money order business was more than doubled the last year. The receipts for fees on money orders issued and for premium received on exchange were.....................................................7............. 0,889.57 The expenditures for commissions to postmasters, clerk hire, remittances lost in the mails, and incidental expenses were........................................... 44,628.96 Excess of receipts over expenditures............................................. $26,260.61 REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES FROM 1854 TO 1868 INCLUSIVE. Years. Expenditures. Revenues. Deficiencies. Surplus. 1854.............$8,557,424.12...........$6,955,586.22......... $1,621,837.90............ 1855..............9,968,342.29.......... 7,352,136.13............ 2,626,206.16............ 1856............. 10,407,868.18............ 7,620,821.66............2,787,046.50............ 1857.............11,507,670.16............8,053,951.76............ 3,453,718.40............ 1858.............12,721,636.56............8,186,792.86............ 4,543,843. 70........... 1859............. 14,964,493.33............7,968,484.07............ 6,996,009.26........... 1860.............14,874,772.89............9,218,067.40............5,656,705.49............ 1861............. 13,606,759.11............ 9,049,296.40............4,557,462.71............ 1862.............11,125,364.13............9,012,549.56............2,112,814.57............ 1863.............11,314,206,84.......... *11,163,789.59............ 150,417.25............ 1864.............12,644,786.20.......... *12,438,253.78............ 206,532.42............ 1865.............13,694,728.28........ *14,556,158.70...................... $861,430.42 1866.............15,352.079.30......... *14,386,986.21............. 965,093.09....... 1867............tl8,043,816.79.........:16,137,026.87............1,906,789.92............ 1868............. 22,730,592.00.......... ~16,292,600.00............6,437,991.00............ * Not including the standing treasury credit of $700,000 for free matter. tNot including $1,191,666.67 paid for service for which special appropriation was made. t Including $900,000 drawn under acts making appropriation for carrying free mail matter. ~From postages only. 154 [1869. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. ESTIM-ATES FOR 1869. The ordinary expenditures for the year ending June 30, 1869, are estimated at.......$21,200,000 Add for overland mail and marine service between New York and California. $900,000 Steamship service between San Francisco, Japan, and China.................500,000 Steamship service between the United States and Brazil......................150,000 Steamship service between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands......... 75,000 To supply a deficiency in service between the United States and Brazil in the fiscal year ended June 30, 1866........................................ 12,500 1,637,500 Making the total estimated expenditures............................................$22,837,500 The ordinary receipts, including the standing appropriation of $700,000 for carrying free mail matter, are estimated at........................... $16,700,000 Add amounts of special appropriation for California, China, and Brazil mails, and for the deficiency above named............................... 1,562,500 18,262,500 Showing an excess of expenditures of................................................$4,575,000 Deducting the undrawn balances of appropriations for the department, amounting to.......................................................... 2,000,000 Leaves the deficiency to be provided for from the general treasury....................$2,575,000 APPROPRIATIONS FOR SPECIAL SERVICE. Overland mail transportation and marine service between New York and California... $900,000 Mail steamship service between San Francisco, Japan, and China.......................500,000 Mail steamship service between the United States and Brazil............................150,000 Deficiency on account of service between the United States and Brazil during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1866......................................................... 12,500 Mail steamship service between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands............... 75,000 TABLE OF MAIL SERVICE AND OF POSTAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR THIE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1867, BY STATES. States and Territories. Length of Routes. Total Annual Trans- Total Annual Cost. Receipts. Expenses. Miles. portation.-Miles. Alabama.................4,034........1,137,318.......$139,523.......$125,968.95.......$202,443.08 Arkansas............. 4,927......... 1,052,892........179,491........ 32,302.63........198,253.78 California...............11,836........ 2,507,071........592,046........304,932.13........ 663,497.20 Connecticut.............1,661........1,292,880........120,512........374,696.27........308,122.45 Delaware................ 507........ 278,682........ 22,809........ 44,417.23........ 40,260.13 Florida..................2,685........ 501,620........ 51,366........ 26,974.29........ 72,163.92 Georgia..................3,660........1,446,843........148,947........191,165.45........ 267,042.10 Illinois..................9,522........5,2.54,812........496,434......1,195,305.85....... 879,188.94 Indiana..................6,890........2,927,970........279,107........432,761.95..... 528,525.41 Iowa....................7,586........2,709,504........172,1.39....... 331,062.44....... 331,492.09 Kansas..................5,155........2,219,824........536,091........ 83,069.76........557,075.16 Kentucky................6,228........2,145,733........181,026........256,529.62........304,688.03 Louisiana................4,484....... 1,207, 808........ 2 42,462........257,187.38........318,834.17 Maine....................4,408........1,948,102........117,778..... 290,662.91........268,741.65 Maryland................2,860........2,132,268........237,099...... 317,960.34.....351,714.81 Massachusetts...........2,538........2,209,425........213,804......1,234,299.29........647,093.58 Michigan.................7,015........2,848,203........236,695........469,739.78........436,295.68 Minnesota...............5,023........1,483.,876........122,199........132,211.66........172,948.87 Mississippi............. 3,023....... 1,033,422........140,491........ 92,460,65........233,497.09 Missouri.................8,521........2,539,357........2 60,427...... 458,445.96........555,871.03 Nebraska................1,284........ 603,148........ 77,757........ 0,70.39........ 63,872.39 Nevada..................1,271....... 400,3 04........124,7.90....... 22,550.13........145,021.65 New Hampshire.........1,920........ 928,460........ 64,818.......180,827.06........160,044.28 New Jersey..............2,187....... 1,483,408........152,428........304,685.00........269,368.33 New York............. 10,882........8,019,531........613,151......3,637,278.72.... 1,770,314.76 North Carolina...........6,626........1,446,576........134,323........ 91,955.33........183,417.64 1869.3 155 THlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. TABLE OF M]AIL SERVICE, &c.- Continued. States an Territories. Length of Routes. Total Annual Transpor Total Annual Cost, Receipts. Expeoses, MIles. taton.-tMiles. Ohio.......... 10,9... 92........ 5,841,218..... $632,289.....$1,068,878.73.....$1,073,356.21 Oregon.............. 1,943........ 770,380........360,273........ 28,656.21........341,727.52 Pennsylvania........... 12,937...... 5,870,614....... 472,44 0......1,532,301.39...... 1,063,459.19 Rhode Island............ 514........ 393,897........ 24,957....... 136,874.22........ 66,400.21 South Carolina..........2,977........ 916,022........ 91,705........ 96,083.15........123,940.31 Tennessee...............4,811........1,449,078........ 135,778...... 198,928.01........216,739.57 Texas...................11,640........2,458,854.......389,987...... 145,483.46........467,897.12 Vermont.................2,206........1,228,422........101,115...... 171,873.99........196,006.84 Virginia.................8,129........2,478,410.......2 37,458........235,964.30........342,284.05 West Virginia......... 4,288........ 909,057........ 67,458........ 82,342.29........138,416.21 Wisconsin...............7,49........2,857,168........232,898........387,360.52........427,940.52 Arizona.................1,540........ 252,200........137,045........ 1,189.92....... 128,446.43 Colorado.................1,026........ 170,352........ 29,320........ 32,580.24........ 47,680.73 Dakota............. 1,110........ 331,132........ 87,386....... 4,882.58........ 7,387.58 Idaho.................... 280........ 41,600........ 12,200........ 6,783.47........ 17,844.37 New Mexico.............1,308........ 210,080........121,266........ 7,462.48........ 88,205.26 Utah.....................2,260........ 885,240........461,116........ 15,068.62........470,769.38 Washington.............1,378........ 210,028........ 83,882........ 6,058.87........ 73,076.50 District of Columbia............................. 13,362.82........ 96,228.11 Statement showing operations and results of foreign mail service for the fiscal year, ended June 30, 1867. Postages on United States and European Mails. N]me of Country. Aggregate amount of Postage o. Amount of Postage on Mails Aggregate amoun$ Maits sent to Europe. received from Europe. of Postage. Great Britain.........................$559,022.95.......... $541,246.63............$1,100,269.58 Prussia............................... 130,301.70............ 171,912.56............ 302,214.26 France............................. 151,982.2............... 148,140.19............ 300,122.45 Bremen.............................. 101,244.24............ 53,103.78............ 154,348.02 Hamburg............................. 61,548.14............ 34,243.30............ 95,791.44 Belgium............................. 7,676.02............ 9,183.78............ 16,859.80 Total............................ $1,011,755.31............$957,830.24.........$1,969,605.55 Being an increase over the amount reported for the previous year of................. 128,804.63 Postages collected in the United States.............................................1,267,181.34 Postages collected in Europe............................. 702,424.21 Excess of collections in the United States........................................$564,757.13 Number of letters sent from the United States...................................... 4,902,750 Number of letters sent from Europe......................... I..................... 4,539,361 Total............................................................................... 9,442,111 Being an increase of 877,264 over the number reported for the previous year. Number of newspapers sent from the United States............ I..................... 2,652,317 Number of newspapers received from Europe............................1............,766,165 Total................................................................................4,418,482 Being an increase of 590,347 over the number reported for the previous year. The excess of postages on mails sent from the United States to different countries of Europe over that accruing on mails received from the same countries was as follows: Great Britain, $17,776.32; France, $3,842.07; Bremen, $48,140.46; Hamburg, $27,304.84; total, $97,063.69. The excess of postages accruing on mails received over those sent, was as follows: Prussia, $41,610.86; Belgium, $1,507.76, total, $4.3,118.62. The sea transportation of mails to and from Europe was performed by the following steamship lines: Coneyed on oreagn aount:-Cunard line, $785,413.31; French line, $55,574.53; Bremen line, $154,348.02; Hamburg line, $95,791.44; Belgian line, $62.25; total on foreign account, $1,091,189.55. p8si. 156 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. Conveyed on United States accoaunt:-Canadian line, $131,952.75; Dale line, $385,227.08; Bremen line, $166,088.82; Hamburg line, $88,266.03; Havre line; $89,197.55; American Lloyd line, $8,935.58; Baltimore line, $7,562.80; Continental Steamship Company line, $1,185.39; total on American account, $878,416.00; total, $1,969,605.55. RATES OF DOMESTIC POSTAGE. The law requires postage on all letters (including those to foreign countries when prepaid) excepting those written to the President or Vice-President, or members of Congress, or (on official business) to the chiefs of the executive departments of the government, and the heads of bureaus and chief clerks, and others invested with the franking privilege, to be prepaid by stamps or stamped envelopes, prepayment in money being prohibited. Postmasters can send offical letters to other Postmasters free. The Adjutants General of the several States and Territories, are authorized to transmit through the mails, free of postage, any medals, certificates of thanks or other testimonials, awarded, or which may be awarded by the Legislatures of said States and Territories, to the soldiers thereof, under such regulations as the Postmaster General may direct. All drop letters must be prepaid. The rate of postage on drop letters, at offices where free delivery by carrier is established, is two cents per half ounce or fraction of a half ounce; at offices where such free delivery is not established the rate is one cent. The single rate of postage on all domestic mail letters throughout the United States is three cents per half ounce, with an additional rate of three cents for each additional half ounce or fraction of a half ounce. The ten cent (Pacific) rate is abolished. Letter postage is to be charged on all handbills, circulars, or other printed matter which shall contain any manuscript writing whatever. Daguerreotypes, when sent in the mail, are to be charged with letter postage by weight. Photographs on cards, paper, and other flexible material (not in cases) can be sent at the same rate as miscellaneous printed matter, viz., two cents for each four ounces or fraction thereof. POSTAGE ON TRANSIENT PRINTED MATTER. [All printed matter (except single copies of newspapers, magazines, and periodicals sent to regular subscribers from publishers) intended to go by mail westward from the western boundary of Kansas, or eastward from the eastern boundary of California, must be prepaid by stamps at letter postage rates. Sec. 259, P.O. Laws, Edition of 1866]. Books, not over four ounces in weight, to one address, 4 cts.; over four oz. and not over eight oz., 8 cts.; over eight oz. and not over twelve oz., 12 cts.; over twelve oz. and not over sixteen oz., 16 cts. Circulars, not exceeding three in number, to one address, 2 cts.; over three and not over six, 4 cts.; over six and not over nine, 6 cts.; over nine and not exceeding twelve, 8 cts. On Miscellaneous Mailable Matter (embracing all pamphlets, occasional publications, transient newspapers, handbills and posters, book manuscripts and proof-sheets, whether corrected or not, maps, prints, engravings, sheet music, blanks, flexible patterns, samples and sample cards, phonographic paper, letter envelopes, postal envelopes or wrappers, cards, paper, plain or ornamental, photographic representations of different types, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots and scions) the postage to be prepaid by stamps, is, on one package to one address, not over four oz. in weight, 2 cts.; over four oz. and not over eight oz., 4 cts.; over eight oz. and not over twelve oz., 6 cts.; over twelve oz. and not over sixteen oz., 8 cts. The weight of packages of seeds, cuttings, roots and scions, to be franked, is limited to thirtytwo ounces. All mail matter not sent at letter rates of postage, embracing books, book manuscripts, proofsheets, and other printed matter, and all other mail matter, except seeds, must be so wrapped or enveloped with open sides or ends as to enable the postmaster to examine the package without destroying the wrapper, otherwise such packages must be rated with letter postage. No communication, whether in writing or in print, can be sent with any seeds, roots, cuttings or scions, maps, engravings, or other matter not printed, except upon the separate payment of postage upon each separate matter at the established rates. Exchange newspapers and periodicals cannot be remailed without being chargeable with postage. Where packages of newspapers or periodicals are received at any post ofce directed to one address, and the names of the club of subscribers to which they belong, with the postage for a quarter in advance, shall be handed to the postmaster, he shall deliver the same to their respec 1869.] 157 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. tive owners. But this does not apply to weekly newspapers which circulate free in the county where printed and published. Weekly newspapers and all other printed matter to the British North American Provinces, although sent from countries bordering on the line, are chargeable with the same rates as when sent to any point in the United States. All transient matter must be prepaid by stamps. But if it comes to the office of deliverywithout prepayment, or short-paid, the unpaid postage must be collected on delivery at the prepaid rate. FOREIGN LETTERS, &C. Letters to foreign countries, where prepayment of postage is compulsory, when insufficiently paid, are sent to the Dead Letter Office, to be opened and returned to the writers, and are thereby delayed one or two mails. When the United States official postage entries on the letters received from Great Britain or the Continent of Europe, are in red ink, the letter'is to be considered as paid, when in black ink, as unpaid. Unpaid and insufficiently paid letters, to or from Great Britain and Ireland, or to or from the North German Union (including Austria and its States), the Netherlands, Belgium, Ita]y and Switzerland, are chargeable with a fine on delivery, in addition to the postage, when sent or arriving either by North German Union mail direct, or in closed mail via England. In the case of such letters arriving in the United States, the fine isfive cents on each letter. This is marked on the letters at the various exchange offices, and collected at the offices of delivery. Registering Foreign Letters.-Letters can be registered in the United States for Great Britain and Ireland, for the North German Union, (including all the German States and Austria), and for all of the countries and places reached via the North German mails, except the following places in Turkey; Alexandretta, Latakia, Mersina, Retimo and Tripoli; also for Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy and Switzerland. Letters to Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward's Island can be registered, but not to Newfoundland. Letters can be registered (by British mail, via England) to Cape of Good Hope, Ceylon, Constantinople, East Indies, Egypt (viz.: Alexandria, Cairo and Suez), Falkland Islands, Gambia, Gibraltar, Gold Coast, Hong Kong, Java, Lagos, Labuan, Liberia, Malta, Mauritius, Natal, New South Wales, Queensland, St. Helena, Sierra Leone, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia, on payment of a registration fee (in stamps) of sixteen cents. This is in addition to the postage, which must be fully prepaid by stamps. The registry fee to be charged on registered letters and other postal packets to Germany, (as well as on letters to all countries and places reached via the North German mails, except the places in Turkey mentioned in the preceding paragraph, and except also the Papal States and Egypt,) to Austria and its States, or to Belgium and The Netherlands, via North German Union, direct or by closed mail, via England, and to Italy and Switzerland by closed mail via England, is eight cents, and on letters to Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward's Island, it isfive cents - on letters and other postal packets to Great Britain and Ireland, eight cents. No other postal packets than letters can be sent registered beyond North Germany. The registration fee on letters to the Papal States via North German Union is twelve cents per half ounceto Egypt, twenty cents each. All registered letters and other postal packets must be prepaid in full to destination. RATES OF POSTAGE ON PRINTED MATTER FOR FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 1. To orfrom France, Algeria, &c.. in French Mlail or via E7,land. —Newspapers, periodical works, books stitched or bound, pamphlets, catalogues, papers of music, prospectuses, circu lars, and all other kinds of printed matter addressed to France, Algeria, or cities of Turkey, Syria and Egypt, in which France has post offices [viz.: Alexandria, Alexandretta, Beyrout, Constantinople, Dardanelles, Galatz, Gallipoli, Ibraila, Ineboli, Jaffa, Kerassund, Latakia, Mes sina, in Asiatic Turkey, Mitylene, Rhodes, Salonica, Samsoun, Sminope, Smyrna, Sulino, Trebizond, Tripoli, in Syria, Tultcha, Varna and Volo], can be dispatched to France direct, or by way of England, on prepayment of the following postage, viz.: newspapers, two cents each; books, periodical works, catalogues or pamphlets, four cents per four ounces or fraction thereof; to be in all cases collected in the United States, whether sent or received. France in like manner collects its own postage on all kinds of printed matter, whether sent or received. 2. To orfrom the NorthA German Union (including all the German States and Austria), and to orfrom Belgium and the Netherlands, by Closed Mail via England.-Newspapers 4 cents each. if not exceeding four ounces in weight, and an additional rate of four cents for each additional weight of four ounces or fraction thereof; prepayment required. Book packets, prints of all 158 [1869. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. kinds, and patterns or samples, 8 cents per four ounces or fraction thereof; prepayment required. If, however, the postage on any article shall be insufficiently prepaid, it will be, nevertheless forwarded to its destination, charged with the deficient postage, and also subject to a fine on delivery. 3. To or from Italy and Svitzerland, by Closed Mail, via England, Belgium and Germany.The rates and conditions on newspapers, book packets, prints of all kinds, and patterns or samples, are the same as the above, (paragraph 2). 4. To orfrom the North German Urion (including all the German States and Austria), by direct Mail via Bremen or Hamburg.-Newspapers, if not over 4 ounces in weight, 3 cents each, and if over 4 ounces an additional 3 cents for each additional weight of 4 ounces or fraction thereof; prepayment required. Book packets, prints, patterns and samples, 6 cents per four ounces or fraction thereof; prepayment required. But unpaid or part paid letters and other articles insufficiently prepaid will be forwarded, charged with the deficient postage, and subject to a fine on delivery. The registration fees on registered letters or other postal packets is 8 cents to all the above mentioned countries; prepayment of postage and fee compulsory. The above rates paragraphs 2, 3 and 4) are in full to destination; and no charge is to be made on the delivery of newspapers, book packets or samples arriving from Germany, Austria, Belgium, The Netherlands, Italy or Switzerland, by the above mails, except the deficient postage or fine on such matter when insufficiently prepaid. REGULATIONS WITII RESPECT TO NEWSPAPERS, BOOK PACKETS, PATTERNS, SAMPLES, &C., TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 1. Newspapers and other Printed 3~atter.-Newspapers, circulars, pamphlets, periodicals, books or other printed papers, (including maps, plans, prints, engravings, drawings, photographs, lithographs, sheets of music, &c.), must be wrapped or enveloped in covers open at the sides or ends, so as to admit of the inclosures being removed for examination. No newspaper, pamphlet, periodical, or article of printed matter, may contain any word or communication, whether by writing, printing, marks or signs, upon the cover or wrapper thereof, except the name and address of the person to whom it is sent, the printed title of the publi. cation, the printed name of the publisher or vendor who sends it; or, in case of newspapers or other regular publications, when sent to subscribers direct from the office of publication, the printed date when subscription expires. It must not contain a letter or any communication in writing, or other inclosure. The law and regulation of this department which excludes all obscene books, pamphlets, pic. tures, prints, or other publications of a vulgar or indecent character from the mails of the United States, are also to be enforced with respect to books, pamphlets, pictures, prints, or other publications of like character, addressed to foreign countries. 2. Book-Packets.-No book-packet may contain anything that is sealed or otherwise closed against inspection, nor must there be any letter, nor any communication of the nature of a letter, whether separate or otherwise, unless the whole of such letter or communication be printed. But entries merely stating from whom or to whom the packet is sent shall not be regarded as a letter. No book-packet must exceed two feet in length, or one foot in width or depth. Any book-packet which is not open at the sides or ends, or has any letter. or communication in the nature of a letter, written in it, or upon its cover, cannot be received or forwarded in the mail; and it is the duty of postmasters, whenever they have ground for suspecting an in fringement of any of the above conditions, to open and examine book-packets, patterns, samples, or other postal packets, posted at or passing through their offices. 3. Patterns or Samples of Merchandise.-Patterns or samples of merchandise must not be of intrinsic value; which rule excludes from the mails all articles of a saleable nature, or whatever may have a market value of its own apart from its mere use as a pattern or sample; or where the quantity of any material sent ostensibly as a pattern or sample is so great that it could fairly be considered as having on this ground an intrinsic value. No packet of patterns or samples must exceed 24 inches in length or 12 inches in breadth or depth- or 24 ounces in weight. Patterns or samples of merchandise exceeding the weight of 7 1-2 ounces cannot be sent by mail to the North German Union. Patterns or samples must not bear any writing other than the addresses of the persons for whom they are intended, except the address of the sender, a trade mark and numbers, and the prices of the articles. There must be no enclosures other than the patterns or samples themselves. The particulars allowed to be furnished under the preceding paragraph must in all cases be given, not on loose 1869.] 159 160 TTHE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. (1869. pieces of paper, but on small labels attached to the patterns or samples, or the bags containing them. Patterns or samples must be sent in covers open at the ends, so as to be of easy examination. Samples, however, of seeds, etc., which cannot be sent in open covers, may be enclosed in bags.of linen or other material, fastened in such a manner that they may be readily opened for examination. Patterns, samples or other packets containing liquids, poisons, explosive chemicals, or other articles likely to injure the contents of the mail-bags, or the per son of any officer of the post office, are positively excluded from the mails. UNITED STATES EXCHANGE OFFICES FOR FOREIGN MAILS. New York is an office of Exchange for British, French, North German Union, Italian, Swiss, Belgian and Netherlands Mails. Boston is an office of Exchange for British, French, North German Union, Belgian and Netherlands Mails. Philadelphia and Baltimore are offices of Exchange for British and French Mails. Chicago, Portland and Detroit are offices of Exchange for British, French and North German Union Mails. San Fra7cisco is an office of Exchange for British Mails only. TABLE OF POSTAGES TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. The Asterisk (*) indicates that in cases where it is prefixed, unless the letter be registered, prepayment is optional; in all other cases, prepayment is required. a.-When the letter a is prefixed, the foreign postage (which in each case is 12 cents) is increased by an additional rate for every 7+ grammes (+ oz.) or fraction thereof. The United States inland and Atlantic sea postage (which in each case is 10 cents the single rate) is increased by an additional rate for every 15 grammes (+ oz.) or fraction thereof. b.-Where the letter b is prefixed, an additional rate is to be added to the foreign portion of the postage for each 4 ounces or fraction thereof, if the newspaper exceeds 4 ounces in weight. The foreign postage, in each case, is ascertained by deducting from the amount set down the sum of 2 cents, which is the United States portion of the postage on a single newspaper, regardless of weight. In all other cases, the postage is for each newspaper without regard to its weight, when sent in British mail. c.-The book and pattern post to Egypt via British mail extends only to Alexandria, Cairo and Suez. d.-Registration to Egoypt by British mail extends to Alexandria, Cairo and Suez only. e.-The rates of postage on Printed Matter to the Argentine Republic, Uruguay and Paraguay, by the direct lines of American and French mail packets, via Rio de Janiero, (Brazil), are as follows: Newspapers, pamphlets and periodicals weighing 1 oz. or under...............4c. Weighing over 1 oz. and not over 2 o z............................................ " " 2 oz. " 3 oz............................... 7c. " " 8 oz. 5 " 4 oz.............................. 8c. " " 4oz. " " oz...............................lic. " " S oz. " " 6 oz......................................... 13c. and so on for greater weights, adding i 4-1Oth cents for each additional ounce or fraction thereof, and 2c. for each additional weight of 4 oz. or fraction thereof. The above rates cover the United States and French charges only, to or from port of. debarkation or embarkation in countries of the La Plata. F.-The charge on Newspapers to Belgium, The Netherlands, the North German Union, or via the North German Union to countries beyond, and to Italy and Switzerland, increases a single rate for every four ounces of weight. g.-Cannot be sent. h.-LETTERS only can be registered. i.-12 cents per 15 gramrmes (half ounce). k.-Transient pamphlets, magazines and periodicals, two cents per four ounces. Domestic rates are chargeable to and from the line on all mail matter, except letters, to or from British North American Provinces. L.-Letters, if unpaid, or insufficiently paid, are subject to a fine on delivery, in addition to the deficient postage. Other matter insuiently paid is also forwarded (but not if wholly unpaid) subject to a similar fine, when addressed to Germany, Austria. Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, or Italy; but no other matter than letters will be forwarded to Great Britain or Ireland, unlessfully prepaid. I POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. POSTAGE ON NNWSPAPERp, Boos PACKETS, PBINT9, &T C., AN{D PATTENS8 o0 SAMPLES. 5z a a O a S CENTS. CiENT. BENTS. 2 4.... b 6 14 16 2 8 8 POSTAGE OS LETTE. C TII S I N .... 10 30 60 .... 36 .... 28 10 Acapulco............................................ Aden, French mail................................... British mail, via Marseilles.................... " via Southampton................ "i " via San Francisco. Africa-see Gambia, Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Cape of Good Hope and Natal. Aix-la-Chapelle, or Aachen-see Prussia. Alexandretta, French mail........................... Alexandria, via North German Union, direct........ "-" closed mail via England by British Mail, via Southampton........ ~~" "-1 via Marseilles........... " by French mail.......................... Algeria, French mail................................. Altona-see German States. Amsterdam-see Holland. Anam (Cochin China) via North German Union direct ~~~~~" " " ~closed mail via England Argentine Repub., Am. Pk't 23d each mo. from N. Y. Aspinwall............................................ Australia, British mail, via Southampton............ " ~ " via Marseilles................ " (Br. Colonies) via Panama................. Austria, via North German Union, direct............ " " closed mail via England Azores Islands, French mail......................... Baden, via North German Union, direct.............. ...." closed mail, via England Bahamas, by direct steamer from New York......... Bakeu, via North German Union, direct.............. "1 " closed mail, via England Basel, or Basle-see Switzerland. Batavia, British mail, via Southampton.................3.. "..". via Marseilles.................. " French mail................................ Bavaria, via North German Union, direct........... " ". closed mail, via England Belgium............................................. Belgrade, via North German Union, direct........... closed mail, via Eng. " by French mail............................ Belize (Br. HIonduras), Am. packet via New Orleans.. Berlat, via North German Union, direct.............. ~~" " ~ closed mail, via Eng. Bermuda, British mail, via Halifax................... Beyrout-see Turkey. Birma-see Burmah. Bogota (New Granada), British mail via Aspinwall... Bolivia, British mail via Panama...................... Borneo, French mail................................. Botutschany, via North German Union, direct....... '"~ " ~closed mail, via Eng. Boulogne-see France. Bourbon, French mail................................ Brazil, via England..................................... via France, in French mail from Bordeaux... " by Am. packet 23d each month from N. Y.... Bremen, via North German Union, direct............ 1" " closed mail, via Eng. Brunswick-see German States. 11 I 1869.] 161 I 9 4 2 v I 11 L. 1 P4 a I;, .9. . 4 I 04 .... . i4. . 16 COUNTRIES. *30 .... .... .... a22 *30 *15 *60 * 1.5 *20 22 34 *60 *30 2 8 9 4 b 6 2 2 4 11 13 c 12 c 14 4 4 .ii. 13 c 14 c 16 .... .... ' i; A 8 dl6 d 16 ...: ... 12 13 e 2 6 8 4 31 41 2 41 2 1 7 8 b 6 b 8 41 41 7 8 ..i. 7 . 8 2 15 17 e 4 14 18 10 61 81 4 61 81 4 10 12 14 18 81 81 10 12 ..i. 10 12 4 17 17 ...: .i4 16 ..4. 8 ..4. 8 '4' A 8 .... .... ..4. 8 8 A 8 A 8 A 8 A 8 .... 27 32 25 10 22 - 30' 22 *101 *151 *54 *101 *151 . 3 *13 *18 34 42 60 *101 *151 *151 15 20 *42 10 *13 *18 10 9 9 16 20 .... 61 81 81 . i6. 12 16 20 ..Iu 81 81 10 12 .... .i6. 12, .... .... . i. .... .... .... .... *i .... ...: ... .... .... .... .... i.... 18 34 60 *13 *18 *60 34 *66 10 *101 *151 4 6 ..i. 8 ..i. .... 2 31 41 .... .... .... *30 .... *33 .... .i. .i6. 12 .... 9 ..a, 61 81 .... .... .i.. 0 12 .... 9 61 81 h 8 8 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COuNTRIES.- Continued. POSTAGE ON NEWSPAPERS, PBOOo PACKETS, PRINTS, &C., AND PATTERNS OK SAMPLES. CENT. ~ CENT S. CENTS ~ 4...... b 4 12 14 X 10 10 8 12 12 " 10 10 8 12 12 12 15 15 13 17 1N OI i P4 e 3 is CENTS. Brussels, or Brixelles-see Belgium. Buenaventura (N. Gren.), British mail, via Aspinwall. Buenos Ayres, Am. Pkt., 23d each month from N. Y.. " via Englan d........................... Bukarest, via North German Union, direct........... ~~" " ~closed mail, via Eng. Burpas, " direct............... ' " closed mail, via Eng. Burmah, via North German Union, direct............ ".. " closed mail, via Eng. .... *6 a22 34 .... 34 Canea-see Turkey. Cavallo-see Turkey. Cochin China-see Anam. Cologne, or Casee Prussia. Copenhagen-see Denmark. Cuxhaven-see German States. Dardanelles-see Turkey. Cape de Verde Islands, Freuch mall, via~~~ordeaux and 30 .... .... :.... 30 .... .... .... .... French mail 80 60....~~~... ..1. 4 2 6 8 2 12 13 ..8. 8 60 18 10 28 SO 60 34 10 27 32 60 34 42 .... .... 14 18 .... 10 4 15 17 14 18 10 12 14 4 .... 4 .... 10 12 10 12 14 18 15 7 8 b 6 2 ..c. 2 2 4 7 8 6 b 6 b 8 12 13 .... a22 *30 *15 .... .... .... .... .... .... Curaco, Brlish mil, va St.Thoma...............1 4 Czernrroda viaNorthGerma Unin, diect..........*5 7 1 10 I8 Denmak~viao. Grman nion,di'c (if rep~i, l~.... 6 6 10 1 I Durazzo-see Turkey. East Indies, British mail, via Southampton.......... " " via Marseilles.............. via North German Union, direct........ ~~~1" " closed mail, via Eng. [Patterns and samples cannot be sent via Germany to places in East Indies not in British possessions]. Ecuador, British mail, via Panama................... Edinburgh-see Scotland. Egypt, via North German Union, direct.............. ".... 1 " " closed mail, via Eng. British mail, via Southampton................ ~" " via Marseilles.................i i, I 162 [1869. .. t -b ., i 1.. t I. -1 I.1.1. z 9. -. - z z COUNTRR.E$ .i. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 18 25 34 *13 *18 *15 *20 27 32 .... .... A 8 A 8 A Q 17 17 2 b 6 4 k 4 14 12 5 .... 16 .ii. i4 .... .... .i4. 20 .... .... .... 9 9 .ii' 20 :... .i.. 6 16 .... .... .ii. 17 .... .... .... 7i 8 A 8 16 .... .... .... .... .... 7b 8 A 8 A 8 & 8 16 16 17 17 *15 *20 34 *60 *30 10 10 is *15 *20 *16 *21 28 36 27 32 10 12 16 ...: ... .... .... 10 1 12 10 12 16 20 15 17 34 *20 *,5 21-) 34 6 9 10 4 16 6 10 2 4 c 12 c 14 .... 2 4 c 14 c 16 h 8 A 8 d 16 d 16 .... .... a22 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.- Continued. PONTANE ON NEWSPAPERS8, BOO O PACKT8, PRINT, &C., AND PATTERNS OR SAMPLES. I, a' S~ IS l CENTS. CENTS. CENTN. 2 6 8 4 12 14 4 12 12 3, 10 10 8 12 12 8 12 12 2 4.... 4 12 14 POTS.AS ON LETTERS. .... 24 .... ~ 13 ....'18 '15'30 ... 10/ '15/ ~ 21 *42 ....'13 ....'18 ~ 30 *60 .... g2 1 71, CET.5 h8 .... h 8 .... h8 8 A 8 .... 16 England................................... Fankland Islands, via England........................ Fernando Po, via England........................... Florence-see Tuscany. Fokshan, via North German Union, direct........... ," " " " closed mail, via England........................................ France............................................... Frankfort, via North German Union, direct......... i'..".."..'i closed mail, via England.... " Fren ch mail...................; * Galatz, via North German Union, direct............. " " " " clos. mail, via Eng. " French mail.................................. Gallipoli-see Turkey. Gambia, via England................................ Geneva-see Switzerland. Genoa-see Sardinian States. German States, via North German Union, direct..... .... " " closed mail, via Eng. Ghent-see Belgium. Gibraltar, via England............................... " French mail............................... Giur,eno, via North German Union, direct.......... ' " " clos. mail, via Eng. Gold Coast, via England............................. Great Britain........................................ Greece, via North German Union, direct.............. " " " " clos. mail, via Eng. (small newspapers under 2 ounces, 7 cents each, by direct mail, and 8 cents each by closed mail via England). French mail.................................. Greytown........................................... Guadaloupe, British mail via St. Thomas............ Guatemala........................................... Guiana (British)..................................... " (French and Dutch).......................... Hamburg, via North German Union, direct.......... 1" " " closed mail, via Eng. Havana.............................................. Hindostan-see East Indies. Holland.............................................. Honduras, (British).................................. Hong Kong, British mail, via Southampton.......... ~~" " via Marseilles.............. " Am. packet, via San Francisco.......... Honolulu-see Sandwich Islands. Hungary-see Austria. Ibrala, via North German Union, direct............. 1" " " closed mail, via Eng. India-see East Indies. Indian Archipelago, French mail..................... Ionian Islands, French mail.......................... Italy, direct closed mail, via England................. " via North German Union, direct............... ", " " closed mail, via Eng. French mail.................................... (See also Roman or Papal States). Ireland............................................ *6 Jamaica-see West Indies. 1869.1 163 COUNTRIES. *101 *151 22 42 *13 *18 . 22 *121 *18 *23 31 41 4 ..i. 8 4 2 9 10 61 81 12 .i6. 12 12 6 12 14 61 81 14 .i6. 12 14 8 12 14 8 8 16 'i' A 8 16 8 A 8 A 8 .... .... 'ii' .... .... .... .... .... .... *30 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...: ... *60 34 18 10 10 is *101 *151 10 *151 10 34 42 10 *13 *18 60 *60 *151 *14 *19 *42 *121 ..4. 4 2 2 4 31 41 2 41 2 6 8 2 7 8 6 7 8 .... 2 .... 4 4 10 .... .... 61 81 4 81 4 14 18 .... 10 12 .... 10 12 .... 6 .... .... .... .... .... .... 61 81 .... 81 - i4. 20 .... .... .... 8 8 .... 8 .i.. 6 16 .... A 8 A 8 8 A 8 A 8 .... c 10 12 .... ..14 10 12 .... 8 .... .... 30 *30 .... *i .... THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.-Contin?ued. POSTAGE ON NEWSPAPPRRS, BOOON PACKETS, PRINTS, E S C., AND PATTERNS ON SAMPLES. 6 14 14 8 18 18 12 15 g 13 17 g ......a.... "'C'T a SE 2 4 b 6 14 16 b 8 18 20 .... CN...... CENT. 8 12 12 .... 6..i6. 8 12 12 "......"....... 2 4... 6 14 16 8 18 20 7 10 10 8 12 12 4 12 14 4 12 14 41 8/ 8 7 10 10 8 12 12 31 61' / 41 81 8/ 41 81 81 7 10 10 8 12 12 ............... 41 81 81 2 4.... 6 12 12 ............... 4 12 14 8 14 16 ............... 4 8 18 20 2 4 3/ 61 6 41 8/ 8/ ' 10 10 8 12 12 ............ .......... POSTAGE ON LETTERS. ho Nor CENTS. C~I~TY. .... 34 .... 42 .... 27 .... 32 30 60 *30 *60 .... 10 .... 34 .... 42 30 60 .... *15 .... *20 *30 *60 .... *13 .... *18 *30 *60 *30 *60 .... 34 .... 42 .... *15 .... *20 .... 22 I = Pi .in e. CENT. .... .... 17 .... 17 16 h 8 A 8 .'.. h 8 h 8 .... 16 h$8 1~8 Japan, British mail, via Southampton................ " via Marseilles.................8 via North German Union, direct................ ~" " " closed mail, via Eng. French mail, via Yokohama.................. (to Yokohama) by French mail................ " American packet, via San Francisco.......... 1 Java, British mail, via Southampton................. " " via Marseilles.................... " French mail................................... Jerusalem, via North German Union, direct........... 11 11" " clos. mail, via Eng. " French mail.............................. Jassy, via North German Union, direct................ 1" " " closed mail, via Eng. Karikal, French mail................................ Kerassund, French mail.............................. Labuan, British mail, via Southampton.............. 1" " via Marseilles.................. Lagos, via North German Union, direct............... ".. " closed mail, via Eng. via England................................... Lauenburg-see German States. Lausanne-see Switzerland. Liberia, via England................................. Lombardy, direct closed mail, via England............ viaNorth German Union, direct........... " " " clos. ml., via Eng. " French mail.............................. London-see England. Lubec, via North German Union, direct............... I I I I 1 closed mail, via Eng. Lucca, direct closed mail, via England................ viaNorth German Union, direct............... " " " closed mail, via Eng. " French mail.................................. Luxemburg, via North German Union, direct........ 1" " " " ldos. mail, via England......................................... Lyons-see France. Madeira, Island of, French mail..................... " " Ivia England..................... Mahe, French mail.................................. Majorca, French mail................................ Malta, British mail, via Southampton................ " " " viaMessina...................... " French mail.................................. Manilla, or Manila-see Philippine Islands. Martinique, British mail, via St. Thomas............ Mauritius, British mail, via Marseilles............... " French mail................................ Mexico, direct from New York....................... Mecklenburg, via North German Union direct....... -.......~~1 " closed mail, via England................................ " (Strelitz and Schwerin), French mail...... Messina. direct closed mail, via England........... via North German Union direct............ " " " " clo. mail, via Eng. " French mail.............................. Minorca, French mail............................... Mitylene, via North German Union direct............ 164 [1869. COUNTErEs. 22 *151 *14 *19 *42 *101 *151 *151 *14 *19 *42 *101 *151 *54 22 *60 42, 22 44 *00 18 30 60 10 *101 *151 *42 *151 *14 *19 *42 *15 16 8 h 8 h 8 .... 8 8 8 A 8 h 8 8 .... .... ...: ,i4 16 .... .i4. .... ..4. 8 ..4. h 8 A 8 .... X'4' .... .... ii. .... .... .... i' .... .... *27 21. ii. *30 .... ...: ii - iii' . 21 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.- Continuted. OOsTtGN ON NEWNPAPRNt, BOOo PACJCTN, POINTS, Lpc.., AND P&TT5ONO OS 8AMPLOO. CANST. CASTS. CASTS. 8 12 12 41 8/ 8J 7 10 10 8 12 12 ....... ? 10 10 8 12 12 ..... ii...'. b 8 18 20 e e -. a T ~'i''ii' 4 12 12 41 81 8/ 7 10 10 .... 12 12 dos. ml., via~~~... n........*1. 2 2 I 2 4.. 4 12 14 41 8/ 81 2 k4.... 2 k 4 o4........ 4 6 14 16 8 18 20 4 10.... 2 4.... 8 11 11 9 13 - 13 POSTAG! OX LETTERf. ...*20 *3 0 *60 .. e 15o '.. 14 ....'19 ~21'42 ....'13 '18 ~ 30 *60 ... 34 .. 42 e 30 60 .... 34 18 25 .. 2. 2 ...~15/ .... ~ 14 '.. 19 ;21',42 3 ... 34 '15/ *6 ... 10 ... 18 .... 22 i*30 *60 22 '30 *60 ... 10 '.. 18 C). Cu2 3 Mitylene, via North German Union direct, clos. mail, via England................................ " French mail................................ Modena, direct closed mail, via Eng.................. via North German Union direct............ " " " clos. ml., via Rng. " French mail................................ Moldavia, via North German Union direct........... " clos. ml., via Eng. " French mail................................ Moluccas, British mail, via Southampton............ " via Marseilles...............8 " French mail................................ Montevideo, via England............................ Morocco, Am. Packet 23d of each month from N.Y... " via England................................. Naples, direct closed mail, via Eng................... " via North German Union direct............. " " "1" clos. ml., via Eng.. " French mail................................. Nassau, N. Prov., by direct steamer from N. Y....... Natal, via England................................... Netherlands......................................... Neufchatel-see Switzerland. New Brunswick (Letters, if unpaid, 10c. per half oz.). Newfoundland, (15c. if over 3,000 miles).............. New Granada (except Aspinwall and Panama) British mail, via Aspinwall........................ New South Wales, British mail, via Southampton... " " " via Marseilles...... " via Panama.............................. " French mail.............................. New Zealand, British mail, via Panama.............. " French mail.............................. Nicaragiua, Pacific Slope, via Panama................ Nice, rench mail *................................... Norway, via North Germnan Union, direct (letters, if prepaid, 16ce.).8 " ~" " " clos. mail,via Eng. (letters, if prepaid, 21c.) Small newspapers, under 2 ounces, 6 cents each, by direct mail, and 7 cents by closed mail, via England. Nova Scotia (Letters, if unpaid, 10c. per half oz.).... Odessa-see Russia. Ostend-see Belgium. Panama.............................................. Paraguay, Am. packet, 23d each month, from N.Y... Parma, direct closed mail, via Eng.................. " via North German Union direct............... 1 " " "closed mail, via Eng. " French mail.................................. Penang, British mail, via Southampton.............. " via Marseilles................. " French mail.................................. Peru, British mail, via Panama..................... Philippine Islands, British mail, via Southampton... "s " s " ~via Marseilles...... " French mail.............................. Philipopolis, via North German Union, direct........ . ".." closed mail, via Eng' Piatra, via North German Union, direct.............. 1869.] .165 aI r . i 4. ,;k .i 44 1 I - h 8 .... 8 A 8 A 8 X'' A 8 ...: ... .... .... A 8 A 8 .... .i.. 6 8 5 .... .i4. 16 .... ...: .... h 8 h 8 COUNTRIES. *6 10 25 *151 *14 *19 *42 34 42 60 34 34 42 60 *15 *20 *13 2 2 0 41 7 8 '4' b 8 6 8 ..i. 8 7 k 4 4 6 81 10 12 .ii. 18 .i6. 14 18 .i6. 12 10 5 .... .... 9' A 8 A 8 .... ...: ... 8, A 8 A 8 .i. .... .... 21... .... .... .... .... .... 10 12 .i4. 20 .... .ii. 18 .... 10 12 10 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.- Continued. POSTAGE ON NEWSPAPEES, BOOK PACKETS, PRINTS, T &C". AND PATTERNE OE SAMPLES. ac a_ 0 i CENTS. CENTS. CENTS. 8 12 12 1s 10 1 0 8 12 12 direc........ 3 6 6 4 8 8 5 8 8 6 10 10 ............ 4.. - n....... 7 10 10 8 12 12 4......... b 6..... 2 "4'.... 2 4 'b 8 14'4 " 10 10 8 12 12 4.... 2 k 4 A 61 " 41 81 81 6 14 16 8 18 20 4 10.... 7 10 10 8 12 12 2 4.... t 10 10 8 12 12 2 4.... 7 10 10 8 12 12 5 8 8 6 10 10 2 4 41 81 81 7 10 10 8 12 12 ............ 3/ 61 6/ 41 8/ 8/ 31 6/ 61 41 81 8/ 7 10 10 8 12 12 2 6 8 POSTAG]I ON ..TS. @ e1 ....'18 *30 *60 ....'18 *9.3 ...*20 ...22 ... a 22 *30 *60 *27 *54 ...a22 .... *15 ....,~3 *30 60 .... *10 .... *151 .... 228 .... 30 .... 12 ... ^*15 .... *20 .... 223 *30 *6;0 '14 '19 *27 *54 .... *20 .... *23 10 *151 .... 314 .15 *30 .... $20/ ... *'10 ....'154 .... 15 .... *20 .30 *60 .... 12 Piatra, via No. German Union, clos. mail, via Eng.... Plojeschti, via North German Union, direct.......... " " " clos. mail, via Eng. Poland, French mail................................. (Prussian or Austrian) via North German Union, direct.............................. " (Prussian or Austrian) via North German Union, closed mail, via England........... (Russian) via North German Union, direct (if prepaid, 15c.)........................... (Russian) via North German Union closed mail, via England (if prepaid, 20c.)......... Pondicherry, French mail............................ Porto Rico, British mail, via San Juan............... Port Said, via North German Union, direct.......... ".. *. clos. mail, via Eng. " via British mail, via Southampton......... " " via Mareeilles............ " French mail............................... via Enland............................. *5 Portugal, French mail............................... " via England................................ Prevesa, via North German Union, direct............ i; " " clos. mail, via Eng. " French mail................................ Prince Edward's Island.............................. Prussia, via North German Union, direct............ ...... clos. mail, via Eng. Queensland, British mail, via Southampton.......... i; "' ~via Marseilles............. ' " ~/via Panama............... Retimo-see Turkey. Rhodes, via North German Union, direct............ ~"'" " clos. mail, via Eng. " French mail................................. Roman or Papal States, via North German Union direct.............. " clos. mail, via Eng............. ~" " French mail.................... Rotterdam-see Holland. Roumania, via North German Union, direct.......... " " " clos. mail, via Eng. Russia, " "direct (if prepaid, 15c.) ,'" " clos. mail, via Eng. (if prepaid 20c.).: Sandwich Islands, by mail from San Francisco....... Sardinian States, direct closed mail, via Eng..,...... viaNorth German Union, direct... " " clos. mall, via En gla nd.... S y " French mail....................... Savoy, French mail.................................. Saxe Altenburg-see German States................. Saxe Coburg-Gotha, Meinengen and Weimar-see German States............................ Saxony, via North German Union, direct............ ..." " clos. mail, via Eng. Schleswig-Holstein, via North German Union, direct " 1 1" clos. ml., via Eng. Scio, via North German Union, direct................ ', " " clos. mail, via Eng.. " French mail................................ Scotland............................................. i t I [1869. 166 h. A 8 i h8 h 8 h 8 h 80 "8 A 8 .... 8 8 h 8 h 8 A 2O h20 h 8 .... h 8 h 8 h8 h8 h 8 h 8 COUNTRIES. 8 8 8 8 h 8 h 8 8 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.-Continued. POSTAGS ON NEWSPAPERN, Boot PACKETI, PRINTS, L. a., AND PATTErNS OR SAMPLES. cou~~~~~im~~~~is~S S ~ f i 0 CENTC. CEN TS. CENTS. N 10 10 8 12 12 "'C'lb'Ci6' R ............ 7 10 10 8 12 12 2 4.... b 6 14 16 b 8 18 20 12 15 15 13 17 17 41 81 81 7 10 10 8 12 12 .... ~. i........ 4 2 14 b 6 14 16 b 8 18 20 .....i....i. i... 7 10 10 8 12 12 2 4... 2 4 12 14 tii 4c X e PI . Pa 4 al CINTS. h 8 h 8 .... h 8 A 8 .... 17 8 h 8 h 8 16 .... .... .... h 8 h 8 .... ...., Scutari, via North German Union, direct............. ". ". " clos. mail, via Eng. French mail................................ Servia, via North German Union, direct............. ......" clos. mail, via Eng. " (except Belgrade), French mail, via Austria.. Shanghai-see China. Siam, British mail via Southampton................. " via Marseilles.................... " via North German Union, direct.............. " " " clos. mail, via Eng...... Sicilies (The Two), direct closed mail, via Eng....... .... via North German Union, direct. " " " clos. mail, via Eng. " " French mail........................ Sierra Leone, via England........................... Singapore, British mail, via Southampton........... ~" ~ via Marseilles.............. " French mail.............................. " " San Francisco. Smyrna, via North German Union, direct............ " ". " closed mail, via Eng.. " French mail.............................. Sophia-see Turkey. Spain, French mail.................................. " via England.................................. " open mail.................................... St. Helena, via England............................. St. Johns- see New Brunswick. St. Petersburg-see Russia. St. Thomas, via Am. pkt. 23d each month from N.Y. Stockholm-see Sweden. Strasbourg-see France. Sumatra, ritish mail, via Southampton............. " " via Marseilles............... " French mail............................... Sweden, via North German Union, dire'c't'(i'f'pre paid, 16c.)....................................... " via North German Union, closed mail, via England, (if prepaid, 21c.).................. (Small newspapers under 2 ounces, 6 cents each by direct mail, and 7 cents each by closed mail, via England). Switzerland, direct closed mail, via England......... " French mail............................ Sydney-see New South Wales. Syria, French mail.................................. Tangiers, French mail............................... Tasmania-see Van Dieman's Land. Tultcha-see Turkey. Tunis, French mail.................................. TUBRxEY (European and Asiatic), Letters for Adriano ple, Antivari, Beyrout, Burgas, Caiffa, Cavallo, Candia, Canea, Constantinople, Czernarroda, Dar danelles, Durazzo, Gallipoli, Jaffa, Janina, Jerusa lem, Ineboli, Kustendji, Lagos, Larnica, Mitylene, Philipopolis, Prevesa, Rhodes, Rustchuck, Salon Ica, Samsoun, Seres, Sinope, Smyrna, Sophia, Su lina, Tenedos, Trebizond, Tchesme, Tultcha, Va lona, Varna and Volo, via North German Union, direct........................................ (close d mail,, via Bug.) ('c'ios'e'd'ia'ii,'v'ia"E'n"g'.)'.... *20 8 12 12 4 8 1869.1 167 -P..""... L....... a.6 .1 i.1. ..1 t's.;6..9 8. 1.. 9. -2 z COUN' I S. .... .i6. .... 21 -i 2 .... ...: .... 21 a 22 .... .... 15 20 60 15 20 42 34 42 27 32 *151 *14 *19 *42 22 34 42 60 8 *15 *20 *60 42 34 10 34 10 2 4 .... .... .... 34 42 60 *18 *2,3 b 6 b 8 8 9 14, 18 11 13 16 20 .... 11 13 .... .... .... .... A 8 'k 8, *151 *42 60 *60 41 2 81 .... 4 81 .... ... 8 *ii' 80 *30 80 60 2 4.... .... 7 10 10 8 12 12 8 8 .... *15 .... *20 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. TABLE OF POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.-Continued. POSTAGE ON} NES PAPERS, BOOs PACKETS, PRIINTS, &C., AND PATTEPN8 S oa SAMrLCC. CET.CL C. ENTL. CCNTS. CENTS. CNI I e -3 e 4 M._ iFNS POSTAGE ON LgTTERlo z 'S -, - C) A All other points in Turkey (European or Asiatic) ex cept Alexandretta, Latakia, Mersina, Retimo and Tripoli, via North German Union, direct........... " " " closed mail, via Eng. Turkey in Europe, cities of, except as herein men tioned, by French mail, via Austria................ Turk's Island........................................ Tuscany, direct closed mail, via England............ -via North German Union, direct............ ~" " " closed mail, via Eng. " French mail................................ Uruguay, by Am. pkt. 23d each month from N. T.... Valona-see Turkey. Valparaiso-see Chili. Vancouver's Island................................. Van Dieman's Land or Tasmania, British mail, via Southampton.................. ~" " British mail, via Marseilles.... " French mail................... ~" "'via Panama.................... Varna-see Turkey. Venetian States, direct closed mail, via England..... via North German Union, direct.... c" " l. ml., viaEng. " French mail.......................... Venezuela, by American Venezuelan packet......... Vera Cruz-see Mexico.............................. Victoria (Port Philip), British mail, via Southampton ~" " "' ~ via Marseilles... ~" " French mail................... " via Panama.....................'. Vienna, or Wie-see Austria. Volo-see Turkey. Wales..2... West Indies (Brit. and Dan.), Am. pkt. 23d of each month from N. Y..... (British) Brit. mail, via St. Thomas... " (not British), " ".... Wallachia, via North German Union, direct.......... 'i 1" " closed mail, via Eng. Wurtemberg, via North German Union, direct....... " " " closed mail, via Eng. French mail............................ Yanaon, French mail.........................*3 Zurich-see Switzerland. The Post Office Department, in a circular, dated Nov. 14, 1868, announced the following additional regulations in regard to postage on correspondence for Egypt, forwarded via. North German Union and Trieste: By Direct Mail to Hamburg or Bremen. Letters, per each 15 grammes (+ ounce), for Alexandria, 15 cents; Lower and Middle Egypt (excluding Alexandria), 20 cents-prepayment optional; Upper Egypt, 20 cents-prepayment compulsory. On printed matter and samples of merchandise-for Alexandria: Newspapers, 8 cents, and book-packets and samples of merchandise, 11 cents per each 4 ounces-prepayment compulsory. Small newspapers, not exceeding 2 ounces inl weight, 6 cents; Lower, Middle and Upper Egypt, newspapers, 9 cents, and book-packets and samples of merchandise, 12 cents per each four ounces or under-prepayment compulsory. Small newspapers, not exceeding 2 ounces, 7 cents. By North Gernan Union closed Mail through England. By this route, there is an addition to the above rates of 5 cents for each letter per 15 grammes (+ ounce); 1 cent additional on newspapers per each 4 ounces or under; and 2 cents additional on book-packets and samples. .1 168 [1869. COUNTRIECS. 15 20 *42 10 *151 *14 *19 *42 25 7 8 41 7 8 .... e 10 12 .... 4 81 10 12 .... 6 10 12 .... 10 12 .... .... h 8 h 8 h 8 A 8 .... .... :... *21 .... -i. 2 18 10 22 30 60 22 *151 *14 *19 *42 10 22 30 *60 22 2 6 8 ..4. 41 7 8 2 3 6 8 .... 9 k 4 14 18 .i.. 0 81 10 12 14 18 .... 9 .... .... .6. .... .... .... i' .... .... .... *30 .... .... 16 20 .... .... 81 10 12 ...: ... 16 20 .... .... .... 16 16 8 h 8 A 8 16 16 *12 .. 10 10 18 *13 *18 *101 *151 *42 *60 2 2 2 4 7 8 31 41 6 4 10 12 61 81 .... .... 8 .i.. 0 12 61 1 81 .... .... 8 .... .... I& 8 8 8 .... .... .... .... :... .... 2-i*30 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. This department was established by an act of Congress, approved March 3, 1849. To its supervision and management are committed the following branches of the public service: lst. The Public Lands.-Its head is the Commissioner of the General Land Office. The Land Bureau is charged with the survey, management, and sale of the public domain, the revision of Virginia military bounty-land claims, and the issuing of scrip in lieu thereof. 2nd. Pensions.-The Commissioner of this bureau is charged with the examination and adjudication of all claims arising under the various and numerous laws passed by Congress, granting bounty land or pensions for the military or naval service in the revolutionary and subsequent wars. 3d. The Indian O ffce has charge of all matters connected with the Indians. 4th. The Patent Office is charged with the performance of all "acts and things touching and respecting the granting and issuing of patents for new and useful discoveries, inventions, and improvements." The Department of the Interior has, besides, the supervision of the accounts of the United States marshals and attorneys, and of the clerks of the United States Courts, and the management of the lead and other mines of the United States; the duty of taking and returning the censuses of the United States, and the management of the affairs of public institutions in the District of Columbia. CHIEF OFFICERS IN TIE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. [Corrected at the Department, October, 1868.] &cretary of the Inter........................ORVILLE H. BROWNING.................. $8,000 Assistant Secretary............................. WM. T. OTTO.................... 3,500 Chief Clerk.............................JOHN C. Cox............................. 2,200 Disbursing Clerk and Superintendent..........JOHN R. GOODWIN....................... 2,000 Commiseoner of General Land Office.......... JOSEPH S. WILSON............. 3,000 Chief Clerk....................................M. E. N. HOWELL....................... 2,000 Recorder.......................................J. N. GRANGER.......................... 2,000 Surveyors of Public Lands: Recorder of Land Titles, St. Louis........FRED MOSBERGER........................ 2,000 District of Minnesota......................LEVI NUTTING........................... 2,000 District of California..................... SHERMAN DAY........................... 4,500 District of New Meico....................BENJ. C. CUTLER........................ 3,000 District of Dakota........................WM. TRIPP.............................. 2,000 Districtof Nevada........................ANSON P. K. SAtFORD................. 3,000 District of Idaho.........................LAFAYETTE CARTEE...................... 3,000 District of Colorado......................W. H. LESSIG............................ 3,000 District of Oregon........................E. L. APPLEGATE........................ 3,500 District of Kansas........................ HIRAM S. SLEEPER...................... 3,000 District of Washington Territory..........SELUCIUS GARFIELD..................... 3,000 District of Nebraska and Iowa............P. W. HITCHCOCK........................ 2,000 District of Montana......................SOLOMON MEREDITH...................... 3,000 Surveyo General of Utah.................JOHN A. CLARKE........................ Commissioner of Patent Office...................ELISHA FOOTE............................ 4,500 Chief Clerk....................................JAMES S. GRINNELL..................... 2,500 Disbursing Clerk....................... HUGH MCCORMACK....................... 1,800 Examiners in Chief..........................SIL,AS H. HODGES........................ 3,000 B. F. JAMES............................. 3,000 SAMUEL C. FESSENDEN.................. 3,000 Librarian......................................GEORGE C. SCHAEFFER.................. 1,800 Commissioner of Indian Offce..................NATH. G. TAYLOR....................... 3 000 Chief Clerk...................................CHARLES E. MIX........................ 2,000 Superintendents of Indian Affairs: Northern Superintendeney................H. B. DENMAN.......................... 2,000 Central "..................THOMAS MURPHY........................ 2,000 Southern "..................L. NEWTON ROBINSON.................. 2,000 Utah "...........F. H. HEAD............................. 2,000 New Mexico "........................................... 2,000 1869.] 169 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Superintendents of Indian Affairs: Oregon Superintendency.................. I. W. P. HUNTINGTON.............$2,500 Washington.................. THOMAS J. MCKENNY................... 2,500 California'.................. BILLINGTON C. WHITING................ 3,600 Arizon ".................. GEORGE W. DENT....................... 2,000 Nevada "'..................H. G. PARKER............................ 2,000 Commis8ioner of Pension Office............C. Cox..................... 3,000 Chief Clerk........................ H. C. LAUcK............................. 2,000 Chief Clerk Census Office.......................JAMES S. WILSON...................... 2,000 Superinteendent of Hospitalfor Insane...........C. H. NICHOLS, M. D.................... 2,500 Clerk.............................. GEORGE KELLOGG................ 1,200 Congressional Printer...........................JOHN D. DEFREES...................... 3,000 Clerk..............................WILLIAM TOWERS................ 1,000 1. PUBLIC LANDS. The Land Bureau was first established in 1812 as an office in the Treasury Department, but was transferred to the Department of the Interior in 1859. The public Lands that have belonged, and now belong, to the General Government are situated as follows: lst.-Within the limits of the United States, as defined by the treaty of 1783, and which are embraced by the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, all formed out of the Northwestern Territory as conveyed with certain reservations to the United States by New York, in 1781, by Virginia, in 1784, by Massachusetts, in 1785, and by Connecticut, in 1786; also the lands within the boundaries of the States of Mississippi and Alabama north of the 31~ North Latitude, as conveyed to the United States by Georgia in 1802. 2d.-Within the Territories of Orleans and Louisiana, as acquired from France, by the treaty of 1803, including the portion of the states of Alabama and Mississippi south of 31~; the whole of Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Oregon, and the Territories of Colorado, Dakota, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Washington. 3d.-Within the state of Florida, as obtained from Spain by the treaty of 1819. 4th.-In New Mexico, Utah, Nevada and California, as acquired from Mexico by the treaty of 1848. Sth.-The "Gadsden Purchase" 23,161,000 acres south of the Gila River from Mexico, in 1854. 6th.-The Russian purchase of Northwestern America or Alaska, in 1867. The area of the public lands, exclusive of the Russian purchase is 1,465,468,800 acres. The extent of that purchase is estimated at 577,390 square miles, or 369,529,600 acres, making a total of 1,834,998,400 acres. The aggregate of public lands which have been surveyed is 485,311,778 acres, leaving a residue of 1,349,686,622 acres yet unsurveyed. The public land or rectangular system of survey and transfer of landed property was adopted May 20,1785; it has been modified and enlarged by subsequent laws until it has reached proportions and completeness of scientific structure which make it pre-eminently valuable and in some respects unrivaled. Under that system base lines are first estdblished, corresponding with latitude. These are then intersected at right angles by principal meridians in coincidence with longitude. From such bases, townships of six miles square are run out and established with regular series of numbers counting north and south from these bases, while the ranges are counted by like series of numbers as running east and west of the meridians. The six mile square townships are divided into sections of one mile square I [1869. 170 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. or 640 acres, again into half sections of 320, quarters of 160, half quarters of 80, and quarter quarters or sixteenths of 40 acres. Since the adoption of the system, covering a period of 82 years, twenty principal bases, and twenty-three principal meridians have been established, and it has been initiated, in all the land States and Territories of the Union, in several of which it has completed the work of surveying. In its progress the whole of the surveys everywhere from the Atlantic to the Pacific, are referable for the identification of any division or subdivision, great or small, to the initial points or intersections of the surveyed base lines with the principal meridians. The first principal meridian divides the states of Ohio and Indiana; the second is a controlling line in the surveys of Indiana, and in part in Illinois; the third also governing to a certain extent the latter state; thefourth traverses the western part of Illinois, extending through Wisconsin and Minnesota to our northern international boundary; the fifth passing through Arkansas, Missouri and Iowa, with a common base line running due west from the St. Francis river in Arkansas, governs the surveys in these states, also in part of Minnesota west of the Mississippi, and in Dakota west of the Missouri; then there is the sixth principal meridian, the initial point of intersection being coincident with the 40th parallel and 92' 13' west longitude from Greenwich. Upon this line depend the surveys in Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, and that part of Dakota west of the Missouri. In addition to these 6 principal meridians and bases, 17 subordinate meridians and corresponding bases have been established. These meridians and bases with their auxiliary standard parallels and guide meridians have required perambulations of surveyors in the field amounting to 1,476,673 lineal miles. Upon this system thus established over the greater portion of the country rests the whole work of dividing and subdividing the national territory, and of making out the same into different sizes for farms and settlements. The service has been steadily advancing from the foundation of the government, and in its progress has completed the extension of the lines of survey over the whole surface of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, (the Upper and Lower Peninsula), Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, and nearly so in Louisiana and Florida. Congress by proclamation in 1785, and by acts of 1804 and 1807, protected the public domain from occupation or settlement unauthorized by law, and by the general pre-emption laws of 1830, 1832, 1834, 1841, and 1843, secured to actual settlers pre-emption rights to a certain portion of the public lands. These laws concede the actual settler 160 acres, but require of him the erection of a dwelling with actual inhabitation and cultivation. Congress by subsequent enactments has legislated still further in aid of actual settlers, by holding out encouragement to take possession of the national soil and confirming occupants in their improvements on lands afterwards withdrawn by grants to railroads and for educational purposes. It has also by acts of 1844, 1864, 1865, and 1867, encouraged the growth of towns and cities. 1869,1 171 The law of pre-emption extends the privilege to three classes, each having the qualification of citizenship or having filed a declaration to that end. 1. "Every person being the head of a family." 2. "A widow." 3. "A single man over the age of twenty-one years." The Homestead act of May 20, 1862 and supplements hold out still further inducements to settlements of public lands. By this act any person who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the age of 21 years, or has performed service in the army or navy, and is a citizen of the United States, or shall have filed his declaration of intention to become such, and has never borne arms against the Government of the United States or given aid and comfort to its enemies, shall from and after the 1st of January, 1863, be entitled to enter a quarter section (160 acres) of unappropriated public land upon which he or she may have already filed a pre-emption claim or which is subject to pre-emption at $1.25 per acre; or 80 acres of unappropriated land at $2.50 per acre. In order to make his or her title good to such lands, however, such person must make affidavit that such application is made for his or her exclusive use and benefit, and that said entry is made for the purpose of actual settlement and cultivation, and not, either directly or indirectly for the use or benefit of any other person or persons whomsoever; and upon filing the affidavit, and paying the sum of $10 to the register or receiver, such person shall be allowed to enter the land specified; but no certificate or patent is issued for the land until five years from the date of such entry, and the land must during that time be improved and not alienated (it cannot be taken for debt). At any time within two years after the expiration of said five years, the person making the entry, or, in case of his or her death, his widow or heirs, may on proof by two witnesses that he or she has cultivated or improved said land, has not alienated any part of it, and has borne true allegiance to the United States, be entitled to a patent if at that time a citizen of the United States. In case of the abandonment of the lands by the person making the entry for a period of more than six months at one time, they revert to the United States. Bounty Land warrants have been issued to the soldiers of the war of the revolution and to those who have served in subsequent wars under acts of 1847, 1850, 1852, and 1855, which from the commencement of operations under these acts to June 30, 1867 have amounted as follows: Warrants issued, 542,248; number of acres embraced thereby, 59,631,610; number of warrants located, 488,336, embracing 54,028,390 acres. The whole quantity conceded for military and naval services from 1776 to 1855, was 71,714,555 acres. The Continental Congress, by the ordinance of May 20, 1785, respecting the territory northwest of the Ohio, prepared the way for the advance of settlements and education as contemporaneous interests. It determined that in every six miles square there should be established the school system, to be supported from a fund derived from the grant of section sixteen, of 640 acres, in every township; and at a later period for indemnity where the section I 172 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. in place was not available; thus conceding one thirty-sixth part of the public lands in the interests of public education. It was afterwards determined in the new land states and territories, the localities of which were distant from the political centre or centres of settlements, to increase the school concessions to two sections or 1,280 acres in each township, so that the school house, high school, and seminary, could be so advantageously placed in the township as to avoid inconvenience in daily attendance. Besides the school allotment, provision has been made on a liberal scale for seminaries of learning and colleges, so that the land fund may be adequate to the support of institutions in which are taught all the higher branches of a liberal education. To each organized Territory the sections in place and townships for seminaries have been reserved, and by the act of admission as a state into the Union, the reservation has been carrined into a grant and confirmed. If there be added to the quantity already conceded to the public land states for school purposes, the area that will pass according to the principles of existing legislation to the organized territories when they shall become states, it will be found that the aggregate will reach 70,559,112 acres. Besides there have been granted for seminaries of learning 1,244,160 acres, making an aggregate thus conceded in the cause of learning of 71,803,272 acres, much of it of great value, and from which, if properly invested, ample funds may be derived for the continual support of the great object contemplated by the munificent grant. For the support of colleges for education in agriculture, mechanics, and in the mineral interests, the act of July 2, 1862, and its supplements, made provisions not only for the states holding public domain, but for others which have none, giving to the former the right to select within their limits, and to the latter scrip redeemable in land; the amount conceded being 30,000 acres for each senator and member of the House of Representatives, which when made applicable to all the states, will include an area of 9,600,000 acres. Most of the older states have received the allotment in scrip which has been disposed of, and the avails appropriated to the object designed; in the newer or land states, selections have been made by the state authorities for the same purpose. By various acts of Congress from 1849 to 1860, large quantities of swamp and overflowed lands have been granted to several states. The first swamp land grant was made to Louisiana in 1849 to aid that state in constructing levees and drains along the Mississippi and other rivers to prevent the overflow of the bottom lands. In 1850 the grant was made general, so as to apply to other states in which such swamp and overflowed lands were situated. At the close of the fiscal year June 30, 1867, state selections had been made under the internal improvement grant of September 4, 1841, as follows: 1869.] 173 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. States., Number of acres to which each Number of ares State las entitled. approved. Alabama..........................9.........97,469.17........................ *97,469.17 Arkansas..............................500.0............................ 499,880.03 California.......................................500,000.00........................... 116,778.59 Florida..........................................499,990.00........................... 450,823.82 Illinois..........................................209,085.50........................... *209,060.05 Iowa............................................500,000.00........................... 500,000.00 Kansas..........................................500,000.00........................... 495,552.20 Louisiana..................................500,000.00..................... 482,166.97 Michigan........................................500,000.00........................... 498,638.54 Minnesota.......................................500,000.00.......................... 252,028.60 Mississippi......................................00,000.00............................500,000.00 Missouri.....,M. W....................500,000.00.....................500,000.00 Nebraska........................................500,000.00............................ Nevada...........................................500,000.00............................ Oregon..........................................500,000.00............................196,099.03 Wisconsin......................................500,000.00............................499,973.87 Total........................................7,305,554.67..........................5,298,470.87 Grants of public lands have been made by acts of Congress to states and corporations, for railroad and military wagon road purposes from the year 1850 to June 30, 1867, as follows: States. Number of acres ert/iled Estimated number of under the grants. acres grUanted. Alabama.....................................2,888,138.50............................3,729,130.00 Arkansas...........................1,793,167.10.....................4,804,271.63 California........................................................3,720,000.00 Florida.......................................1,760,468.89............................2,360,114.00 Illinois.......................................2,595,053.00............................2,595,053.00 Iowa.........................................2,770,702.26............................ 6,751,207.98 Kansas............................................................... 7,753,000.00 Louisiana....................................1,072,405.45............................1,578,720.00 Michigan.....................................2,718,413.49............................5,327,930.99 Minnesota....................................1,644,602.64............................7,783,403.09 Mississippi.................................. 908,680.29............................2,062,240.00 Missouri.....................................1,815,435.00............................3,745,160.21 Wisconsin................................. 1,379,545.35..................... 5,378,360.50 21,346,611.47 57,588,581.40 Corporations: Pacific railroads................138,239.39..........................124,000,000.00 Wagon roads: Wisconsin.................... 76,803.20.......................... Oregon................................................................ 3,225,413.27 21,561,654.06..........................184,813,994.67 Grants by acts of Congress for Canal purposes from the year 1827 to June 30, 1867. Illinois, 290,915; Indiana, 1,489,279; Michigan, 1,250,00; Ohio, 1,100,361; Wisconsin, 325,431. Total quantity acres granted, 4,405,986. Private Land Claims. In lands acquired by purchase or conquest from other nations, the grants of the government to individuals constitutes a class of private land claims. The principle adopted by the government has been that a well authenticated and clearly defined title from a former government was to be respected, and upon the presentation of such title a patent is always issued to the claimant; but where the boundaries, as is often the *The States of Illinois and Alabama received grants under prior acts, which, with the quantities here given, make up the quantity of 500,000 acres. 174 [1869. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. case, areloosely defined and comprise a much larger territory than that granted, or where the metes and bounds are of uncertain position, and especL ially where there is ground for presumption of fraud, a severe scrutiny is instituted. Since the act of Congress of September 4, 1841, large quantities of land have been claimed on pre-emption, i.e. as having been settled and improved by persons before they were surveyed or came into the market; and, these persons having thereby established a claim to purchase them at Government price before all others, this claim has been allowed, with some restriction, and the lands, thus pre-empted, withdrawn from public sale and reserved for private entry. SUMMARY. Acres. During the fiscal year ending June 80, 1867, the total cash sales embraced........... 756,619.61 The aggregate of military bounty-land warrant locations............................ 476,760.00 The total quantity taken by homestead for actual settlement under acts of 1862, 1864 and 1866.................................................................. 1,88,043.49 In the same period, there were approved swamps "in place" to several states as grantees under acts of 1849 and 1850.................................. 1,030,020.22 And selected as swamp indemnity..........................................36,429.93 Making a total of swamp lands or their equivalents, confirmed to states, of 1,066,450.15 In same fiscal year titles under railroad, wagon road and ship canal grants have been vested in certain states for the quantity of..........................................533,168.52 The agricultural and mechanic college land scrip locations under act of 1862, and supplementals of 1864 and 1866, with selections by certain states within their re spective limits under said acts make an aggregate of.............................. 2,420,072.73 Making a total of public lands disposed of during the year ending June 30, 1867, of 7,041,114.50 Amount disposed'of during the year ending June 30, 1868........................... 6,655,742.50 The moneys received in the same period for ordinary cash sales, pre-emptions, in military scrip received as money, for the ten dollar homestead payments, for homestead commissions, for fees in the locating of agricultural.college scrip, for same on military warrants, and on railroad selections, for commissions on pre-emptions, donations, and for proceeds from furnishing transcripts under the act of July 2,1864, make a cash aggregate of $1,347,862.52 received during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1867, a sum greater than that received the previous year by more than half a million of dollars. Receipts for year ending June 30, 1868, $1,632,745. 2. PENSION OFFICE. The Pension Office was established temporarily in 1833, and continued by subsequent legislation until it was made permanent by act of 19th of January, 1849. It constitutes a Bureau in the Department of the Interior, and is under the charge of the Commissioner of Pensions. The persons entitled to pensions have been designated by different acts of Congress. The only surviving revolutionary soldiers receiving a pension died during the year closing June 30, 1867. Two other veterans were granted pensions by special acts of Congress passed that year. Of the widows of revolutionary soldiers married before the close of the war, but one enrolled pensioner was living in 1867. There were, however, at the close of that fiscal year, 997 widows of revolutionary soldiers, of whom 119 were married previous to 1800. Army Pensions. The number of original applications for invalid pensions, by reason of casualties occurring in the army service, admitted during the year closing June 30, 1867, was 16,452, at an average annual rate of $71.73 each, and an aggregate annual rate of $1,180,194.72. II 1869.] 175 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The number of applications for increased pensions of the same class admitted during this period was 13,946, at an average annual rate of $7809 each, and an aggregate annual rate of $1,089,003.62. Of original applications of widows, orphans, and dependent relatives for pensions by reason of deaths incident to the army service, 19,660 were admitted during the year, at an average individual rate of $100.66 per annum, and an aggregate yearly rate of $1,979,062.67. Of applications for increased pensions of the same class, 19,309 were admitted, at an average additional rate (chiefly on account of minor children under the age of sixteen years, as provided by the act of July 25, 1866), of $59.59 each, and at a total annual rate of $1,150,646. The total number of enrolled invalid pensioners on the 30th of June, 1867, was 70,802, the total amount of whose pensions was $6,478,004.14; and the total number of widows, orphans, and dependent relatives, enrolled as pensioners was, at the same date, 82,291, and the yearly amount of their pensions $9,664,075.83; making an aggregate of 153,093 army pensioners of both classes, at a total annual rate of $16,142,079.97. The whole amount paid to invalid military pensioners during the last fiscal year was $6,428,532.58; and to widows, orphans, and dependent relatives, $11,873,182.71; making the grand total of payments to army pensioners (including expenses of the disbursing agencies), for the year, $18,301,715.26. Navy Pensions. The original applications for invalid pensions, by reason of casualties occurring in the navy service, admitted during the year ending June 30, 1867, numbered 137, at a total yearly rate of $10,317; and the admitted applications for increased pensions of the same class 206, at an annual aggregate of $17,892. Of original applications of widows, orphans, and dependent relatives for navy pensions 233 were admitted during the same period, at an aggregate rate of $31,856 per annum; and 120 pensioners of this class were increased, at a total yearly rate of $6,792. The total number of navy invalid pensioners whose names appeared on the rolls, June 30, 1867, was 1,054, at an aggregate yearly rate of $89,652.25; and the total number of widows, orphans, and dependent relatives whose names were on the navy pension rolls at the same date was 1,327, requiring an aggregate annual amount of $305,742.25. The whole amount paid to navy invalid pensioners during the last fiscal year was $77,241.28; and the whole amount paid to widows, orphans, and dependent relatives of officers or seamen of the navy was $240,999.92, making the total amount of navy pensions paid during the year $318,241.20. The balance of funds in the hands of the agents for paying navy pensions was, on June 30, 1867, $175,796.82. Aggregate. The total number of pensioners of all classes whose names remained on the rolls June 30, 1867, was 155,474. The number of new pensioners added to the rolls during the year was 36,482, and the number of pensioners dropped from the rolls on account of deaths, remarriages, or other causes, was 7,932. The number of pensions increased during the last fiscal year, chiefly under the acts of June 6, and July 25, 1866, was 33,581. The total annual amount of pensions was, at the close of the year, $16,447,822.22, and the amount paid during the year, (including arrears and expenses of disbursement), $18,619,956.46. The navy pension fund, invested under direction of Secretary of the Navy as trustee, now amounts to $13,000,000. There is an uninvested balance of $229,246.37. The income of this fund largely exceeds the annual amount at present required for the payment of navy pensions. Provision was made by the sixth section of an act of Congress approved March 2, 1867, for awarding from the surplus income of this fund additional pensions to disabled officers, seamen, and marines, for meritorious service, under certain specified conditions. Seven claims of this character, favorably reported by the Secretary of the Navy, as provided by law, were certified for payment by the Pension Office, in 1867. Amount paid for army pensions at the agencies in the several States and Territories for the year ending June 30, 1867. J State. Invalid. Widows, children, mothers, Total. and sieters. Arkansas......................... $1,806.17................$21,648................$28,454.81 Connecticut....................... 93,491.82............. 267,133.33................360,625.15 California......................... 6,665.19................ 7,683.25................ 14,3.44 176 [1869. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. st.te. Invalid. Widows, children, mothers TotaL and sisters. District of Columbia.............$124,245.15...............$127,675.02...............$250,920.17 Delaware...............165 81.14.................31,056.42..................47,624.56 Indiana............................393,518.78............... 859,022.52..............1,252,541.80 Illinois............................612,3.12.............. 943,137.71..............1,555,475.83 Iowa...............................196,890.79................ 394,964.29................591,855.08 Kentucky.......................... 90,477.12................337,674.75................428,151.87 Kansas............................. 35,695.20................ 53,475.22................ 89,440.42 Louisiana.......................... 7,198.,38............... 16,65.39................ 23,856.77 Maine..............................36,.09 09................ 523,280.77................885,122.86 Massachusetts......................431,208.43................673,255.03..............1,104,463.46 Maryland.......................... 70,189.42................110,075.20................180,264.62 Missouri...........................135,139.12................ 324,589.51................459,728.63 Michigan...........................037.80 7.80............... 534,984.19............... 838,321.99 Minnesota.......................... 47,504.71................ 93,544.78................141,049.49 New Hampshire....................158,821.91................246,580.70................405,402.61 New York........................1,125,700.60..............2,047,777.22..............3,173,477.82 New Jersey........................138,968.25................280,422.72............ 419,390.97 North Carolina..................... 3,543.83................ 26.759.97............... 30,303.80 Nebraska.......................... 1,756.99................ 3,610.57............... 5,367.56 Ohio..............................640,013.50..............1,214,011.55..............1,854,025.05 Oregon....................... 1,208.60................. 339.87................ 1,548.47 Pennsylvania......................876,644.17..............1,525,438.12..............2,402,082.29 Rhode Island....................... 33,748.73................ 83,313.86................117,062.59 Tennessee.................... 62,891.73.............211,927.31............ 274,819.04 Vermont..........................158,815.27................245,085.43................403,900.70 Virginia......................... 7,959.52................ 23,932.47................ 31,891.99 West Virginia...................... 86,056.65................188,707.53................274,764.18 Wisconsin........................203,265.84................455,401.36................658,667.20 Washington Territory.............. 750.53................ 15.01............... 765.54 Total..........................$6,428,532.55............$11,873,182.71............$18,301,715.26 Statement of the number and yearly amount of army pensioners on the rolls of the several States and Territories on June 30, 1867. state. Invalid. Widows, children, mothes Total No. Yearly amont State.I,.i. Widows., children, mother Total N.. Yearlyaont Arkansas.............. 29................ 159................ 188................$20,320.00 Connecticut............1,133............... 1,810................2,943................ 303,669.45 California............... 77................ 37................ 114................ 11,510.04 District of Columbia 995................ 608.............. 1,603................192,962.70 Delaware.............. 191................ 194................ 385................ 41,953.88 Indiana................ 4,280...............5,628............... 9,908..............1,079,489.12 Illinois.............. 8,472................6,904............... 15,376...........1,673,968.67 Iowa................... 2,118................3,0.99...............5,217................552,095.70 Kentucky...............1,107................ 2,064................ 3,171................485,547.08 Kansas.................. 379................ 267................ 946................ 71,937.96 Louisiana............... 129................ 149................ 278................ 29,899.00 Maine..................3,955................8,616................7,571................756,503.02 Massachusetts......... 4,931................5,309...............,...............991,501.10 Maryland............... 702................ 741................1,443................148,544.47 Missouri................19............ 1,895................ 3,24................322,817.00 Michigan................3,343................3,813................7,156................714,399.97 Minnesota.............. 519................ 551................1,070................117,972.96 New Hampshire......1..,857............1,950............ 3,807................ 371,452.96 New York.............11,543...........3....1,972...............5,515............. 2,772,791.83 New Jersey.............1,472................2,125................ 3,597................ 387,264.00 North Carolina.........21................ 113................ 134............... 11,937.08 Nebraska............. 19................ 33................ 52................ 6,039.84 New Mexico............ 2................ 10................ 12............... 1,266.00 Ohio....................7,012............... 8,810................15, 322..............1,636,433.40 12 1869.] 177 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. State. Invalid. Widows, children, motheh TotalNo. Yearly amount. and sisters. Oregon................. 17..................6............... 23.............. $2,575.92 Pennsylvania...........9,422...............10,045...............19.467..............2,028,064.29 Rhode Island........... 404................ 610................1,014................108,397.89 Tennessee.............. 393................1,079................1,472................163,945.80 Vermont...........1,32.....1,832...........1,670................3,502................351,513.23 Virginia................ 54................ -123................ 177................ 13,468.00 West Virginia.......... 895................1,334................2,229................245,058.45 Wisconsin..............2,151................4,065............... 6,216................575,649.66 Washington Territory.. 9................ 2................ 11................ 1,180.00 Total............... 70,802...............82,291..............153,093............$16,142,079.97 Amount paid for navy pensions at the agencies in the several States and Territories for the year ending June 30, 1867. State. Invalids. Widows, children, mothers Total. and siters. Connecticut...........................$254.73................$4,552.80...............$4,807.53 California.......................... 170.04................ 240.00................ 410.04 District of Columbia...................3,557.90................37,678.40............... 41,136.30 Illinois.................................2,190.23....... 3,370.01................ 4,560.24 Kentucky..............................1,308.35............ 1,205.60................ 2,513.95 Louisiana.............................. 435.66................ 1,900.50................ 2,336.16 Maine..................................4,999.34................ 7,659.31................12,658.65 Massachusetts........................16,425.34................41,314.97................57,740.31 Maryland..............................2,555.33................ 9,579.94................12,135.27 Michigan............................... 647.96................ 2,559.94................ 3,207.90 Missouri............................... 748.88................ 2,906.39................ 3,655.27 Minnesota............................. 72.72................................ 72.72 New Hampshire........................2,805.91................ 3,282.66................ 6,088.57 New York............................24,058,29................59,649.72................83,708.01 New Jersey............................ 795.33................ 3,169.60................ 3,964.93 Ohio...................................2,637.26................ 8,798.33................11,435.59 Pennsylvania.........................12,138.33................38,258.93................50,397.26 Rhode Island.......................... 796.30................ 3,297.00................ 4,093.30. Virginia............................... 423.08............. 11,350.22................11,773.30 Wisconsin.............................. 220.30................ 1,225.60................ 1,445.90 Total...............................$77,241.28..............$240,999.92.............$318,241.20 Statement of the number and yearly amount of navy pensioners on the rolls of each State and Territory June 30, 1867. State. Invalids. Widows, children, mothers Total No. Yearly amount. aad siterrs. Connecticut...................... 7................24............... 31.............$5,748.00 California........................ 3......2................ 5................ 594.00 District of Columbia.........40............... 117...............157................31,672.50 Illinois...................35............14............14...............49................ 5,304.00 Kentucky........................10................ 6................16................ 1,931.00 Louisiana..................... 5................ 4................ 9................ 1,428.00 Maine....................5..................53...............103................12,017.50 Massachusetts..................227...............269...........496................57,927.25 Maryland........................42............52................94................13,811.50 Michigan...................10............17............27............... 2,868.00 Missouri.........................10................13............ 23................ 2,704.00 Minnesota...................... 1................ 1................ 2................ 432.00 New Hampshire.................42......... 22............64................ 7,014.00 New York................. 331...............354...........6....685............ 81,852.00 New Jersey...................... 7................21........................4,424.00 Ohio......................32............55............87.............. 5.........87............. 11,345.00 Pennsylvania48 a........................................ 424...........2.....5,099.50 178 [1869. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. State. Invalids. Widows, children, mothers, Total No. Yearly amount. and sisters. Rhode Island................. 8............... 17..........25................ 3,610.00 South Carolina.................. 1................................................ 24.00 Virginia.......................... 5............27............32....................... 6,452.00 Wisconsin................... 3............... 11........14................ 1,908.00 Naval Asylum................... 9............................ 9................ 576.00 Total........................1,054..............1,327.............2,381..............$305,742.25 Summary of transactions of Pension Bureau for three fiscal years ending June 80, 1867. 1865. 1866. 1867. Whole number of admissions.................40,56................51,471................ 70,063 Whole number of pensioners..................85,986...............126,722...............155,474 Yearly rate.............................$8,023,445.43.........$11,674,474.31........$16,447,822.22 Amount paid........................... 8,525,153.11......... 13,459,996.43........ 18,619,956.46 The number of pensioners of the several classes whose names were on the rolls at the close of each fiscal year, was during the last five years, as follows: 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. Revolutionary soldiers........ 18.......... 12......... 3......... i.......... Widows of soldiers...........1,573.......... 1,418......... 1,114......... 931.......... 997 Army invalids................7,248..........22,767....... 35,041....... 54,620..........70,802 Widows, &c., (army).........4,820..........25,433.........47,972.........68,957..........81,294 Navy invalids................ 544......... 712......... 839......... 1,032.......... 1,054 Widows, &c., (navy).......... 577......... 793........ 1,017......... 1,181.......... 1,327 Total......................14,780..........51,135.........85,986........126,722..........155,474 Bounty Land. During the year ending September 30, 1867, the number of applications for bounty land admitted was as follows: Under the act of February 11, 1847, 4 warrants for 160 acres each, total, 640 acres; under the act of September 28, 1850, 3 warrants for 40 acres each, total, 120 acres; under the act of March 3, 1855, 887 warrants for 160 acres each, total, 141,920 acres; 39 warrants for 120 acres each, total, 4,680 acres; 19 warrants for 80 acres each, total, 1,520 acres; 2 warrants for 40 acres each, total, 80 acres. Whole number of warrants, 954. Whole number of acres, 148,960. There were 39 duplicates issued during the same period, in lieu of lost warrants, and 32 war.. rants were canceled. Original applications to the number of 908 were received, and 3,114 suspended applications were re-examined. 3. BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. Congress, by act of July 9, 1832, authorized the President to appoint a Commissioner of Indian Affairs, to have the direction and management of all matters arising out of Indian relations, subject to the revision of the Secretary of War, (now Secretary of the Interior). The duties of the Bureau are administered by the Commissioner, Chief Clerk, and assistants at Washington, and by a number of superintendents, agents, farmers, school teachers, and other appointees in the Indian country. The estimated number of Indians is about three hundred thousand, spreading from Lake Superior to the Pacific Ocean. Those east of the Mississippi, with few exceptions, are on reservations; so also are the tribes in Kansas north of the Arkansas, and those located between the western border of Arkansas and the cotmtry known as the "leased lands." During the last few years the attention of the government has been drawn, in an unusual degree, to its relations with the Indians, on account of depredations which have been committed by them upon the white settlers, and the 1869.] 179 'lb THIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. obstructions to travel, and insecurity which their continued enmity has caused. New military posts have been established, forts garrisoned, and troops sent in pursuit of the hostile Indians. Early in the spring of 1867, General Hancock, of the Department of the Missouri, started on an expedition among the hostile tribes of the south. He met several of the chiefs, but did not succeed in arranging terms of peace; an important Indian village on the Pawnee Fork was burned, and skirmishes took place between the troops and the Indians in which several of both parties were killed. The Indians were exasperated; depredations were continued; the work on the railroads was retarded; laborers and employees were murdered; and property and life were insecure in a large part of the territory occupied by the Indians. On the 20th of July, 1867, an act was passed "to establish peace with certain hostile Indian tribes," which provided for the appointment of commissioners, with a view to the following objects: 1. To remove, if possible, the causes of war. 2. To secure, as far as practicable, our frontier settlements, and the safe building of the railroads looking to the Pacific. 3. To suggest, or inaugurate some plan for the civilization of those Indians. The commissioners selected were as follows: N. G. Taylor, president; J. B. Henderson; W. T. Sherman, lieutenant-general; W. S. Harney, brevet major-general; John B. Sanderson; Alfred H. Terry, brevet major-general; S. F. Tappan; C. C. Augur, brevet major-general. These commissioners organized at St. Louis on the 6th of August, and set about obtaining interviews with the chiefs of the hostile tribes. Runners were employed to signify the pacific purposes of these commissioners to the Indians, and to endeavor to arrange a general council. In the mean time they visited various posts of the Military Division of the Missouri, taking evidence of the officers with regard to the conduct of the Indians and the causes of the war; they also issued orders through the military departments to the various superintendents and agents of Indian affairs, that appointments be made for a great council of the northern hostile tribes at Fort Laramie, on the 13th of September, and of the southern tribes at Fort Larned on the 13th of October. The commissioners held conferences with several bands of Indians, both of the northern and southern tribes. Treaties of peace were signed with the Kiowas, Camanches, Apaches, and the southern Cheyennes and Arrapahoes. The commissioners presented a report in July, 1868, in which the treatment of the Indians is reviewed, the causes of the war pointed out, and important suggestions made regarding the future course of the government. They recommend the selection of two districts or territories, and the location of the Indians in them, as follows: First.-The territory bounded north by Kansas, east by Arkansas and Missouri, south by Texas, and west by the 100th or 101st meridian. In this territory, the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, and other of the civilized tribes already reside. In process of time, others might gradually be brought in, and, in the course of a few years, we might safely calculate on concentrating there the following tribes, to wit: Ii 180 [1869. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. Present Population. Present Popula.ti. Cherokees..............................14,000 Kiowas and Camanches................14,800 Creeks.................................14,396 Cheyennes, Arrapahoes and Apaches... 4,000 Choctaws...............................12,500 Pottowatomies......................... 1,992 Chickasaws............................. 4,500 Kansas Indians, (various tribes)........ 4,039 Seminoles.............................. 2,000 Navajoes of New Mexico............... 7,700 Osages................................. 3,000 Wachitas, (various tribes).............. 3,508 Total.............................. 86,435 Second.-The Second District might be located as follows, viz: The territory bounded north by the 46th parallel, east by the Missouri River, south by Nebraska, and west by the 104th meridian. If the hostile Sioux cannotbe induced to remove from the Powder River, a hunting privilege may be extended to them for a time, while the nucleus of settlement may be forming on the Missouri, the White Earth or Cheyenne River. To prevent war, if insisted on by the Sioux, the western boundary might be extended to the 106th or even the 107th meridian for the present. The following tribes might, in a reasonable time, be concentrated on this reservation, viz: Present Population. Yancton Sioux.......................... 2,530 Pancos................................................. 980 Lower Brules............................ 1,20 Lower Yanctonars...................... 2,100 Two Kettles.............................19,200 Blackfeet......................1,320..........130 Minneconyous........................... 2,220 Umpquas.......................,800..........1,0 Ogallalas............................................2,100 Upper Yanctonars....................... 2,400 Sans Arcs......................1680.........1,680 Arickarees......................1,500........150 Gros Ventres.....................400....... 400 Mandans................................ 400 Assinaboines....................2,640.........2640 Flatheads............................... 558 It may be advisable to let the Winnebagoes, Omahas, Ottoes, Sante Sioux, and perhaps others remain where they are, and finally become incorporated with the citizens of Nebraska, as suggested in regard to the Kansas tribes. 4. PATENT OFFICE. The Constitution, Art. 1, Sec. 8, confers upon Congress the power to pro mote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their writings and discoveries. The rights of the latter class are secured by letters patent issued from the Patent Office in accordance with acts of Congress. The office as now organized was established by act of July 4, 1836. The building erected under the authority of that act is one of the most imposing in the city of Washington. It extends over two entire blocks, and is used for storing and preserving models as well as for offices for the Commissioner, clerks, and examiners. During the year ending September 30, 1868, there were 20,112 applications for patents; 14,153 patents (including re-issues and designs) were issued; 1,692 applications were allowed, but patents were not issued thereon, by reason of the non-payment of the final fees; 3,789 caveats were filed; 180 applications for extension were received, and 133 extensions of patents were granted. During the same period, the receipts were $696,786.00, and the expenditures, $696,957.00. An appropriation of $360,000 will be required for the balance of the fiscal year. 1869.] 181 Upper Pend d'Oreilles................... 918 Kootenoys.............................. 287 Blackfeet................................ 2,450 Piegau................................... 1,870 Bloods................................... 2,150 Gros Ventres............................ 1,500 Crows................................... 3,900 WinnebagoefA............................ 1,750 Omahas................................. 998 Brule and Ogallalla Sioux............... 7,865 Northern Cheyennes.................... 1,800 Northern Arrapahoes..................... 750 Santee Sioux............................ 1,350 Total............................... 54,126 THE AMERICAN YEARP-BOOK AND REGISTER. TABLE SHOWING THE BUSINESS OF THE OFFICE FOR THIRTY YEARS END ING DECEMBER 31, 1867. Years. Applications Filed. Caveats Filed. Patents Issued. Cash Received. Cash Expended. 1837....................................435...........$29,289.08...........$33,506.98 1838.............................. 420...........42,123.54............37,402.10 1839..................................... 425......37,260.00............34,543.51 1840............ 765............ 228........... 473............38,056.51............39,020.67 1841........... 847............ 312............ 495............40,413.01............52,666.87 1842............. 76 1............ 291.......51..... 51...... 36,505.68............31,241.48 1843............ 819............ 315........... 531............35,315.81............30,766.96 1844......... 1,045............ 380............ 502........... 42,509.26............36,344.73 1845............ 1,246............ 452........... 502............51,076.14............39,395.65 1846............. 1,272............ 448........... 619............50,264.16...........46,158.71 1847............. 1,531............ 553............ 572............63,111.19............41,878.35 1848............. 1,628............ 607........... 660............67,576.69............58,905.84 1849.............1,955............ 595............1,070............80,752.78............7 7,716.44 1850............. 2193............ 602............ 995.............86,927.05............80,100.95 1851............. 2,258............ 760............ 869........... 95,738.61............86,916.93 1852............. 2,639............ 996........... 1,020...........112,056.34............95,916.91 1853............. 2,673............ 901........... 958...........121,527.45...........132,869.83 1854............. 3,324............ 868........... 1,902...........163,789.84...........167,146.32 1855............ 4,435............ 906............. 2,024...........216,459.35...........179,540.33 1856............. 4,960............1,024.......... 1,50..........192,588.02...........199,931.02 1857............. 4,771............1,010............2,910...........196,1.01...........211,582.09 1858............. 5,364............ 943............3,710...........203,716.16...........193,193.74 1859............. 6,225............1,097............4,538...........245,942.15...........210,278.41 1860............. 7,653............1,084............4,819...........256,352.59.........9 252,820.80 1861............. 4,643............ 700........... 3,340...........137,354.44........... 221,491.91 1862............. 5,038............ 824............3.521...........215,754.99...........182,810.39 1863............. 6,014............ 787............4,170...........195,593.29...........189,414.14 1864............. 6,972............1,063............5,020...........240,919.98...........229,868.00 1865.............10,664......... 1,063............6,616...........348,791.84...........274,199.34 1866.............15,269............2,723...........9,450...........495,665.38........... 361,724.28 1867.............16,547............3,486...........11,655...........611,910.61...........553,599.98 1868*........... 20,112............3,789...........14,153...........696,786.00...........696,957.00 The foregoing table shows a rapid increase in the number of applications for patents, and in the number of patents issued. The number of applications in 1867, was 55 per cent. greater than in 1865; and 116 per cent. greater than in 1860. The Commissioner in his report for 1867, says that great inconvenience has been experienced by the examiners for the want of sufficient room. Additional accommodations are also needed for the proper arrangement and preservation of the drawings of inventions. The library of the Patent Office has vastly grown in importance within the last few years. It is not only needed and used as an absolute necessity by the examiners in the performance of their duties, but it is now much consulted by inventors and those engaged in their interest. It is not an uncommon thing for persons to come from distant parts of the United States to consult books which can only be found in the Patent Office. The collection is now one of the best technical libraries in the world. *For year ending September 30, 1868 182 [1869. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. [Corrected at Department of Agriculture, October, 1868.] Commissioner........................HORACE CAPRO................................$3,000 Acting Chief Clerk...................R. T. McLAIN...................................2,000 Disbt'rsing Clerk.....................B. F. FULLER....................................2,000 Statistician......................... J. R. DODGE.....................................2,000 Superintendent Botanical Gardens....WILLIAM SAUNDERS..............................2,000 Entomologist.........................TOWNEND GLOVER...............................2,000 Chemist.............................THOMAS ANTISELL...............................2,000 Superintendent of Seed Room.........SIDNEY DEAN.................................. 1,800 Lirarian............................A. B. GROSH.....................................1,800 The Department of Agriculture was established by an act of Congress, approved May 15, 1862. The act provides that the department shall be located at the seat of government of the United States, and that its designs and duties shall be to acquire and to diffuse among the people of the United States useful information on subjects connected with agriculture in the most general and comprehensive sense of that word, and to procure, propagate, and distribute among the people new and valuable seeds and plants. The chief Executive officer is the "Commissioner of Agriculture," who holds his office by a tenure similar to that of other civil officers appointed by the President. The Commissioner is to acquire and preserve in his department all information concerning agriculture which he can obtain by means of books and correspondence, and by practical and scientific experiments, (accurate records of which experiments shall be kept in his office), by the collection of statistics, and by any other appropriate means within his power; to collect as he may be able new seeds and plants; to test, by cultivation, the value of such of them as may require such tests; to propagate such as m'ay be worthy of propagation, and to distribute them among agriculturists. He annually makes a general report in writing of his acts to the President and to Congress, and he also makes special reports on particular subjects whenever required to do so by the President or either house of Congress, or whenever he thinks the subject in his charge requires it. He directs and superintends the expenditure of all money appropriated by Congress to the department, and renders accounts thereof. The chief clerk in the necessary absence of the Commissioner, or whenever the office becomes vacant, performs the duties of the office. The Commissioner under the provisions of Congress, appoints and employs chemists, botanists, entomologists, and other persons skilled in the natural sciences pertaining to agriculture. The new building of the Department which was contracted for in -August 1867, was so far completed that the offices of the Commissioner and his assistants were removed to it in the summer of 1868. This building, situated just west of the grounds of the Smithsonian Institution, is 171 feet in length, and 62 feet in width, with a projection at each end extending 6 feet beyond the central portion, and one on the south front for hall and staircase. In the basement, are the operating rooms of the chemical laboratory, folding 1869.1 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AN REGISTER. and packing rooms, and rooms for boiler and steam apparatus. On the first floor are the principal offices and library. The Commissioner's rooms on this floor are decorated with the new wood wall paper, not only for the purposes of ornament but to illustrate the effect of different kinds of this material when properly applied. The principal room of the second story is 103 feet long, 51 feet wide, and 26 feet high, and is designed for a grand agricultural museum. The seed rooms are in the third story; and the attic, when com pleted, will furnish rooms for a variety of work connected with the operations of the department now performed in other places. The propagating garden has been successfully conducted. During the first 13 weeks of 1867, the number of plants distributed from it was 42,173, principally through members of Congress. The distribution of seeds for 1867, amounted to 1,426,637 papers. Of this number 352,000 were distributed through Senators and members of the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses; 88,482 through agricultural and horticultural organizations; 164,953 to corps of statistical correspondents in acknowledgment of valuable gratuitous services; 299,975 to individuals upon letters of members of Congress, or upon personal application, or in answer to letters from individuals; and 521,227 to the southern states, under the special appropriation for that purpose. The present Commissioner has made arrangements for exchanges of cereals, rare seeds, and medicinal and other plants, with various institutions, agricultural departments, and societies, and several governments of different divisions of the globe. The arrangements include the governments of Austria, Prussia, China, Japan, Guatemala, and British Honduras; the botanical gardens of Melbourne, in Australia, and of Kew, in England; the India museum, in London; the Cape of Good Hope Agricultural Society; and the commissioner of patents of the Argentine Republic. The hearty co-operation of scientific men representing these governments and institutions has been secured. By these exchanges which are to extend to all parts of the world where practicable, there will be collected at the Department of Agriculture, Washington, the best variety of trees, shrubs, plants and seeds adapted to the climate and soil of any part of this country. At the experimental farm, tests of seeds, cereals and vegetables, both foreign and domestic, have been successfully continued, though the area cultivated has been too limited for the best results. Since the erection of the new building, the farm has, from necessity, been appropriated to other purposes. In the chemical laboratory of the department, analyses and tests have been made to ascertain the value and utility of various products, fertilizers, minerals and fibers, the benefits of which the country are reaping. The museum already contains a large collection of seeds, models of fruits, substances used for clothing, as silk, cotton, flax, &c., in different stages of growth or manufacture; preserved specimens of insects, birds and other animals injurious or beneficial to vegetation, all carefully classified and placed so as to be of the most service. The arrangements adopted, embrace: 1st. A general classification by subjects, including all the varieties and illustrations necessary under each head. 2d. A classification by states, exhib 184 [1869. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. iting the products or noxious animals of each. 3d. An economic classification exhibiting the substances and products adapted to economic purposes. Selections from the information obtained from correspondents and otherwise are published by the Department in monthly and annual reports. The following statistics have been compiled principally from the monthly reports for 1868, or have been furnished directly by the Department. TABLE I. gives the Mean Temperature and Rain Fall for each month, from July, 1867, to June, 1868, inclusive, compiled from reports made by the obsecvers for the Smithsonian Institution. TABLE II. gives the average yield per acre and the average prices of the principal crops for 1867. TABLE III. gives the average prices of farm stock in January, 1868. TABLE IV. gives the condition of crops September 1, 1868, as compared with an average crop, where the crop had been harvested, or an average prospect of crop, where it had not. The highest temperature noted, was 103', at Raleigh, North Carolina, July 25, 1867; at San Francisco, California, July 30, 1867; at Allentown, Missouri, August 18, 1867; and at Baxter Springs, Kansas, June 28, 1868. The lowest temperature noted, was40~', at Minneapolis, Minnesota, January 12, 1868. During the "heated term" in July, 1868, the maximum temperature reported, was July 20, at Honton, Kansas, where the thermometer stood at 113~ in the shade for an hour; on 20 days, it was 100~ and above. At Leavenworth, Kansas, the thermometer was 100~ and upwards, on 16 days. The maximum temperature at other places on July 20, was, at Atchison, Kansas, 107; Glendale, Nebraska, 106; Omaha, 105; and Warrensburg, Missouri, 104. Wheat. The wheat crop in the following states is represented below the average, 10 representing an average crop: Maine, 9.5; New Hampshire, 9.5; New Jersey, 9.3; Delaware, 7; Virginia, 8; North Carolina, 7.5; South Carolina, 8.3; Georgia, 7.3; Alabama, 8; Mississippi, 8.8; Texas, 4.8; Arkansas, 9.1; Tennessee, 9.1; Kentucky, 8.6; Illinois, 9.2; Wisconsin, 9.8; Iowa, 9.5; Nebraska, 9.8; and the following up to or above the average: Vermont, 10.5; Massachusetts, 10; New York, 10.3; Pennsylvania, 10.4; Maryland, 10.1; West Virginia, 10.1; Missouri, 10.6; Indiana, 10.6; Ohio, 10; Michigan, 10.5; Minnesota, 11.4; Kansas, 10.8. Corn. The most remarkable fact in connection with the corn crop of 1868, is the great increase of its acreage in the south, the difference in number of acres between the present and preceding year being more than two millions and a half. A slight decrease is apparent in the eastern seaboard states, resulting from the unpropitious character of the cold, wet, and backward spring, which sadly interfered with planting. A careful estimate of the acreage shows a decrease of 49,609 acres in eight states, and an increase of 3,108,215 acres in the remaining states, as follows: DECREASE. Acres ~~~~~~~AcrssA.es Rhode Island.......... 1,719 Connecticut........... 9,511 New York............. 12,888 INCREASE. Acre,. Acres. Acres. Vermont............. 1,679 Mississippi...........313,109 Kansas............... 63,411 Pennsylvania......... 57,106 Louisiana.............397,291 Iowa................. 236,682 Delaware............. 6,697 Texas.............132,229 Minnesota............ 25,500 Virginia............. 70,775 Arkansas.............376,762 Wisconsin............ 32,361 North Carolina....... 216,927 Tennessee...........127,215 Michigan............. 48,146 South Carolina........ 89,764 West Virginia......1.. -13,181 Ohio................178,397 Georgia...............255,987 Kentucky.............207,307 Indiana...............100,626 Florida............... 48,728 Missouri.............. 407,942 Illinois...............366,692 Alabama.............. 43,827 Nebraska............. 16,145 These figures show an increase of over 3,000,000 of acres in corn, making about 36,000,000 in the United States, an advance of 9 per cent. The per centage of Louisiana reaches 65; Arkansas, 47; Kansas, 30; Mississippi, 25; Nebraska, 25; Missouri, 22; Texas, 18; Minnesota, 17; Iowa, 15; Illinois and Ohio, 8; Indiana, 4. 1869.) 185 A.. Maine................. 3' 300 New Hampshire....... 3,184 Massachusetts......... 1,985 New Jersey............ 8,818 Maryland.............. 8,204 I. MEAN TEMPERATURE AND RAIN FALL FOR EACH MONTH FROM JULY, 1867, TO JUNE, 1868, INCLUSIVE. RAIN FALL, IN INCHES. STATES. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Alabama............... Arkansas................. California.............. Connecticut............ Florida.................. Georgia................. Illinois................. Indiana................. Iowa.................... Kansas................. Kentucky............... Louisiana............... Maine.................. Maryland............... Massachusetts.......... Miachigan es............... Minnesota................ Missip.............3 867. 416. 995. 474. 136. 397..640.507.325'81.885 08.815 Mississippi............. Missouri................ Nebraska............... New HIampshire........ New Jersey............. New York.............. North Carolina......... Ohio.................... Oregon................. Pennsylvania........... Rhode Island........... South Carolina.......... Tennessee.............. Texas.................. Vermont................ Virginia................ West Virginia.......... Wisconsin.............. West Virginia.2 74.7 73.9170.8 56.3 47.3 36.4' .8 33.4 48.9 53.0 60.6 71.5 3.60 2.50 0.43 4.25 1.55 4.05 3.46 2.61 2.70. Wisconsin.............11 70.8 70.9 61.6 51.1 33.9 21.6, 11.7 17.3 54.4 40.1 56.1 66.21 3.93 2.36 2.30 1.64 2.34 1.78 2.05 2.04 4.06 2.77 2.28 5.66 he second column gives the number of places in each state at which observations were made. I 00 C. *EAN TEXPERATIJRE. .1y. A.g. 78.6 .... 4 81.9 0.9 75.1 73.3 78.3 76.1 . i 73.8 70.1 69.4 70.9 78 8 76:7 74.6 67.8 72.6 70.9 75.6 73.8 i"2 70'0 75.5 76.0 8.3.9 66.9 75.1 73.9 70.9 F,,b. M.,. 47.5 60.4 45.6 59.2 io'.'O'3'4'.l' 55.5 64.7 44.1 57.3 25.6 44.1 28.9 45.8 20.7 40.0 32.1 49.9 35.5 52.1 .... 61.6 14.8 31.2 26.7 41.3 19.8 34.3 18.6 3.5.8 13.1 31.5 47.8 61.3 33.8 50.0 24.1 42.7 15.2 30.8 23.9 39.2 18.3 34.4 36.3 50.2 26.4 42.7 i i .4 26.1 35.9 36.8 54.4 39.4 54.4 52.6 65.8 10.6 29.8 34.8 48.2 33.4 48.9 17.3 34.4 . J... J.1y. 3.91 '6'66 3.24 8.24 ' ' '2 4'39 4'37 6'36 4.69 ..... -5.04 3.88 5.16 .08 8.16 5.49 4.10 4.57 4.94 3.23 2.99 2.83 0.36 3.33 6.63 . .6. 5 5.31 3.67 3.48 3.60 3.93 A,g. B.Pt. D.. 2.94 ..... 2.18 0.93 4.99 1.45 3.60 1.2.5 0.44 6.18 1.80 2.80 2.80 2.42 2. 2.52 1.67 0.72 2.12 2.17 2.52 3.52 4.20 ..... 2.39 5.47 1.81 2.05 1.73 3.13 4.05 . 1.78 J... F.b. 3.89 2.16 5.25 5.22 0.79 1.01 0.86 0.33 1.80 ..... 1.93 2.35 1.74 ,-2110 1. &5 3.38 0.38 0.68 1.72 2.09 1.87 3.23 1.07 2.05 4..95 3.34 1.30 11 2.84 1 1.19 3.26 2.61 2.04 M.,. Ap,. 7.83 2.13 5.29 .... 9.1 5.07 5.49 3.74 3.58 5.02 'i'6i 3.45 4.75 - 2.64 1'.5 10.81 5.62 2.57 2.59 4.82 3.14 C.12 3.18 .i... .17 6.8'i 8.45 4.99 1.79 6.17 .i..i .7 M.Y. J-.. 0.99 '6'3'8' 4.37 12.40 o.84 2.78 3.44 4.57 3.79 5.04 .in 3.46 3.50 - k4'24 -' 1.57 2.80 3.79 3.50 5.37 3.34 3.48 5.57 3.48 2.46 1.55 2.37 3.95 2.29 ' h'4 * 5 1 3 5 3 2 24 10 17 7 4 2 7 4 11 7 5 3 9 5 2 11 26 7 19 1 25 1 2 6 4 4 7 2 11 5.52 . .6. 1' 3 6.40 2.43 2.67 3.21 1.03 1.59 'ii 12.97 8.52 4.00 1.85 1.55 6.40 10.11 4.76 17.45 1.75 ... .51 6.70 11.07 1..30 6.30 4.57 5.84 2.50 2. 80.5 82.1 69.1 84.1 .... 75.7 76.2 72.7 77.3 75.2 813.3 67.0 75.5 69.3 70.1 68.2 78.6 76.5 74.7 67.0 72.8 70.2 77.7 73.9 69.0 7'2.3 67.4 79.7 76.2 84.3 67.8 76.3 74.7 70.8 77.1 .... .... 60.2 80.6 .... 67.9 70.3 63.6 70.4 71.2 .... 57.2 68.0 65.9 60.3 60.8 74.1 68.2 66.3 57.3 65.3 60.8 71.1 68.1 .... 64.4 61.1 73.1 73.5 56. 1 71.6 'i 70.8 61.6 65.2 '6'.'2 51.6 74.6 53.4 52.8 57.6 57.3 67.8 47.2 55.5 50.8 50.0 48.7 64.6 56.8 52.4 48.3 55.2 47.6 57.2 53.9 ,2.'S 51.5 60.5 62.3 6.9.8 49.5 58. 56. 51.1 56.6 .... 4"2 64.1 4i.9 44.7 39.4 44.7 47.1 57.3 33.2 45.5 38.4 41.6 35.2 -.59.9 45.9 39.9 33.5 45.1 4:0.3 50.6 44.5 4i. 39.0 55.4 50.8 &5.8 31.5 49.7 47.3 38.9 52.8 .... . Y.. 2 6 59.1 46.1 29.2 30.9 22.5 35.2 36.9 61.2 15.9 31.5 22.8 23.4 15.1 58.4 36.4 26.9 14.8 29.9 22.6 41.5 31.4 i''6 26.6 49.6 44.6 60.6 13.4 37. 36. 21. 41.8 35.7 45.2 21.1 55.4 40.8 17.8 24.4 10.2 19.1 30.0 i.'6 28.0 21.6 18.7 3.7 44.7 22.4 12.0 17.13 27.6 20.1 35.4 23.6 22.9 24.7 27.4 36.3 32.4 1 46.9 14.0 1 33.4 1 31.8 lii.,z Ap,. N.y. 63.7 69.6 62.0 71.0 58.2 56.0 41.2 53.8 70.6 76.1 60.5'10.4 46.3 69.1 49.5 62.0 42.8 61.8 49.3 68.1 53.8 63.2 65.5 69.8 38.4 51.1 47.9 58.9 41.4 52.9 37.5 54.6 37.7 60.2 66.6 73.9 49.9 65.7 46.9 64.9 37.3 53.9 45.7 57.0 41.5 51.4 55.7 65.3 46.0 55.3 44'.'2 ..9 41.5 52.2 57.7 6.9.3 57.2 66.3 69.1'i5.3 36.4 55.7 52.7 62.4 53.0 60.6 40.1 56.1 78.3 ' i 65'1 79'8 75'5 71'2 71'8 69.9 76.0 71.6 81.4 63.7 70.7 66.5 62.3 68.3 78.6 73.4 72.5 66.7 69.3 66.5 73.7 69.7 '6. 60.5 74.4 73.8 80.3 64.4 70. 71. 66. 3.49 .:... 1'94 14.60 ..6... '95 O:t)6 3.62 1.43 1.09 ' i' 1'7 1.50 1.53 3.81 .-4'f3 2'55 1.28 1.69 2.01 1.56 1.94 5.45 0.73 .i... .65 2.30 4.26 0.93 4.62 2.58 2.21 0.43 2.30 O.t. N.,,. 1.78 3.21 4 11 44 4.70 0.40 i'66' i.6i 1.991 3.05 1.88 1.21 0.78 1.24 0.74 3.54 4.6 2.95 5.46 1.96 4.05 2.93 -3 _2.43 1.07 U-46 0.70 5.53 1.77 1.22 1.06 0.04 3.26 2.65 4.16 2.14 3.36 2.07 .,S'5 2.3'-) 2.81 2.59 4.35 3.14 4.27 2.61 1.94 4.77 4.41 2.04 3.10 1.78 7.72 2.27 4.25 1.55 1.64 2.34 8.44 7.60 2.76 2.80 5.94 1.07 3.39 0.75 0.58 4.30 .i... .05 3.78 3.56 ,-t-8W2l 8.16 1.00 0.76 2.60 3.60 3.14 4.82 3.45 ..... 2.90 5.48 2.00 4.94 0.53 1.70 4.65 3.46 2.05 3.61 ....: 2.48 1.35 3.53 5.52 7.83 4.74 4.37 4.72 .69 3.13 2.95 4.09 ilot 8.56 5.40 2.18 1.51 3.18 ,?.16 3.74 6.43 - 4.60 3.51 4.85 5.64 2.27 5.26 2.70 4.06 3.11 il.'2'6' 8.26 '04 6.32 7.13 5.60 3.99 5.55 1.00 9.54 6.92 8.05 a 01 3:.C)6: 3.98 4.48 7.70 7.03 7.20 5'99 . 3.91 5.54 6.30 8.88 3.17 2.53 5.01 6.37 2. 1-3 t4 t4 9 t4 n x 0.t t:d ".) I 0 0 PI t:$ tt t4 mci t4 !t 8? !O II. TABLE SHOWING THE AYERAGE YIELD PER ACRE AND THE AVERAGE PRICES OF RYE. Bush. 7.9 $1.63 1 3.2 1.31 14.0 1.63 7.0 1.50 8.i i]~7 15.0 1.19 14.1 1.18 19.4 1.04 20.3 1.65 10.7 1.38 14.8 1.61 13.7 1.41 15.6 1.58 17.2 1.30 18.8 1.11 11.5 1.92 16.2 1.15 25.2 1.02 14.7 1.62 13.7 1.63 15.0 1.50 7.7 1.41 13.4 1.26 15.0 1.65 5.7 1.79 10.5 1.20 16.3 1.28 15.0 1.62 8.5 1.14 12.4 1.20 16.5 1.14 Alabama.................. Arkansas................. California, (1866).......... Connecticut............... Delaware................... Florida................... Georgia.................. Illinos.................... Indiana................... Iowa...................... Kansas................... Kentucky................. Louisiana................. Maine..................... Maryland................. Massachusetts............. Michigan................. Minnesota................ Mississippi............... Missouri................... Nebraska................. Nevada................... New Hampshire.......... New Jersey............... New York................ North Carolina............ Ohio...................... Oregon.................. Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island............. South Carolina............ Tennessee................ Texas..................... Vermont.................. Virginia.................. West Virginia............ Wisconsin................ West Virginia........ 10.5 2.39 12.4 1.20 20.8 lAO 21.5.51 29.7.89 14.8 1 Wisconsin...............12.3 1.77 16.5 1.14 25.8 1.35 35.0.59 35.6.86 15.6 1 I STATES. WHEAT. Bush. 7.8 $2.05 9.2 2.01 20.0 1.00 17.5 2.63 9.3 2.38 11.4 1.97 10.5 2.21 12.7 1.43 14.0 1.84 8.2 2.17 8.0 2.50 10.6 2.79 11.0 2.43 16.0 2.81 12.4 2.34 12.5. 1.48 9.5 2.40 12.4 2.00 15.0 1.32 12.1 2.89 14.0 2.58 14.5 2.64 6.9 2.11 11.6 2.36 12.5 2.43 6.4 2.38 8.5 2.11 9.5 1.89 15.8 2.76 8.0 2.12 10.5 2.39 12.3 1.77 BARLEY. Bush. 14.4 $1.96 15.0 2.00 25.0.45 23.2 1.45 22.3 1.28 21.1 1.22 29.0 1.16 26.7 1.10 17.0 1.33 .......... 18.3 1.13 20.0 1.37 22.6 1.54 20.9 1.36 23.6 1.07 8.0 1.50 21.1 1.46 27.0.96 24.5 1.24 21.5 1.27 20.0 1.47 24.0 1.29 20.0 1.37 25.0 1.42 6.0 2.00 19.5 1.34 24.8 1.10 23.4 1.46 12.3 1.05 20.8 1.40 25.8 1.35 OATS. Bush. 11.7 $0.87 1l'.7.83 8.4.50 27.5.85 16.6.73 17.0 1.25 12.4.90 30.1.49 10.9.49 42.0.42 36.0.49 18.8.57 14.0 1.62 22.0.80 30.0.66 26.7.90 29.5.68 38.0.72 13.0 1.07 30.0.49 32.2.59 2q.5.80 27.0.73 26.2.76 13.3.64 31.1.54 ......... 30.0.66 27.0.84 11.1.75 15.4.62 23.5.79 30.1.77 17.0.48 21.5.51 35.0.59 CORN. Bush. 16.2 $0.79 26.5.77 .......... 33.0 1.50 1'6.3 1.02 11.8 1.38 13.1.96 23.8.68 29.2.65 33.8.55 38.6.55 24.7.65 15.6 1.10 33.4 1.59 28.4 1.09 35.7 1.53 31.4.96 30.0 1.07 15.7 1.09 27.2.66 36.0.74 35.5 1.56 33.1 1.23 30.4 1.32 11.6 1.04 28.7.82 32.0 1.17 25.7 1.64 9.6 1.55 23.7.55 28.2.75 36.2 1.52 20.9.85 29.7.89 3,3.6.86 BUCKWHE.I. Bush. ..... ...... 13.0 $:I 16.6 1.! 16.7 1. 20.6 1. 19.7 1. 12.8 1. 21.9 18.8 1: 18.0 1, 17.2 1. 14.4 1 2i.6 i 15.0 3 19.3 1 20.0 1 17.5 13.5 1 12.3 14.8 15.6 1 III. AVERAGE PRICES OF FARM STOCK IN JANUARY, 1868, IN k 310R5E5. ItULES. Under 1 Yr. Bet. 1 and 2. Bet. 2 and 3. Over 3 Yre. Underi r. Bet. 1 and 2. Bet. land 3. Ovee lYre. U STATES. Alabama................ Arkansas............... California (1867)........ Connecticut............. Delaware............... Florida................. Georgia................. Illinois............... Iowa~~~~...... Indiana................. Iowa.................... Kansas................. Kentucky............... Louisiasna............... Maine.................. Maryland............... Massachusetts............ Michigan............... Minnesota.............. Mississippi.............. Missouri................ Nebraska............... Nevada................ New Hampshire........ New Jersey............. New York.............. North Carolina......... Ohio.................... Oregon.................. Pennsylvania........... Rhode Island........... South Carolina.......... Tennessee.............. Texas.................. Vermont................ Virginia................. West Virginia.......... Wisconsin.............. Wisconsin..............41.86 65.15 98.17 143.79 43.78 71.15 111.00 155.00 I XULES. HORSES. Under 1 Yr,. $30.92 27.58 24.14 32.25 41.66 36.66 32.67 33.80 31.75 38.12 31.17 33.67 20.50 38.91 45.50 33.12 33.95 43.55 25.12 30.70 33.25 33.75 54.10 41.36 32.02 35.06 42.6~ 36.66 31.44 38.33 12.09 3o.33 34.11 35.53 41.36 Bet. 1 and 2. $52.42 41.00 35.00 54.75 63.33 60.00 51.42 53.83 49.24 60.74 47.33 50.14 29.50 62.75 69.50 57.50 57.75 68.44 47.75 44.48 62.70 83.76 64.92 51.35 55.48 60.00 52.11 59.27 20.53 57.66 53.63 56.81 65.15 Bet. 2 and 3. $7.5.00 60.92 46.86 86.25 9 6.66 93.33 75.00 75.60 70.53 85.35 65.92 70.38 49.00 86.95 101.70 87.87 85.67 98.61 60.15 65.67 90.00 81.25 120.34 97.72 76.12 78.99 )0i.41 86.66 79.44 78.54 30.48 81.66 81.8.5 77.33 98.17 Over 3 Yr. $110.18 80.76 72.14 113.70 136.66 133.,33 103.73 105.12 96.60 113.37 91.92 92.05 85.33 123.50 128.7O0 139.80 126.56 126.53 98.33 89.63 120.45 108.75 155.15 133.33 100.57 107.14 116.66 109.00 1013.20 44.98 105.77 113.50 101.67 143.79 Under 1 Yr. $41.16 30.45 25.00 aib66 53.75 36.79 42.59 37.48 48.37 39.42 39.77 50.00 ..... 50.62 46.22 35.91 40.86 36.62 50.37 42.07 36.37 40.18 49.80 35.55 40.75 20.11 41.38 37.50 43.78 Bet. 1 and 2. $60.41 47.90 37.50 70.33 80.00 58.43 64.57 59.13 69.32 60.42 60.34 60.00 q8.75 &3.60 71.89 52.08 59.59 73.00 89.00 63.57 59.74 64.31 ..... 81.36 ..... 59.56 65.33 29.96 ..... 6;5.44 58.33 71.15 Bet. 2 and 3. $90.66 63.27 63.33 125.00 95.71 91.56 82.06 102.03 84.58 84.83 82.50 ..... 112.22 94.5 110.10 78.76 80.65 104.71 ~ 139.64 93.77 89.86 91.35 191.73 97.44 94.56 44.28 104.78 83.33 111.00 Over 3 Yrs. $120.00 87.07 88.33 ...... 150.00 148.33 120.48 120.81 107.92 137.41 115.42 107.89 100.00 ...... 144.00 ...... 13a.10 141.91 99.62 105.05 144.33 168.41 1,33.50 116.25 119.23 150.70 122.00 116.45 59.31 131.97 112.14 155.00 uI IV. CONDITION OF CROPS, SEPTEMBER, 1868. STATES. Alabama......... Arkansas........ Connecticut*..... Delaware........ Florida....... Georgia.........5 Illinois.......... Indiana.......... Iowa.9.5.5.9.11.9.5.71.2.1. 8.4. Kansas........... Kentucky........ Louisiana........ Maine............ Maryland........ Massachusetts... Michigan........ Minnesota. 1. 1.51.21.21.11. 1.51.6.. 0 Mississippi....... Missouri......... Nebraska........ New Hampshire.. New Jersey...... New York....... North Carolina... Ohio............. Pennsylvania.... Rhode Island South Carolina... Tennessee....... Texas............ Vermont......... Virginia......... West Virg-inia.... Wisconsin....... WestVirginia 10.1 9.9 10 9.6 9.4 9.7 9.8 9.5 8 9.3 5.6 5.5 Wisconsin.9.8 10. 9.7 9.2 12. 10.1 9.2 7.5 6. 10.5.2. * July. I the above table 10 represents an average yield. t Acreage compared with 1867. t Conditic ber for fattening as compared with average. ~Condition as to weight and size as compared with average. Sweet Potatoes 10.2 10.5 10. 10. 8.7 9. 9. 9. 10.2 12. 8.4 . -.... 0. 92. 6.1 0.79 90.2 9.5 ..... 90.6 12.8 0.3 9.83 10. Whea.t. Rye. 9.2 10. 9.6 7. 9.8 10.'9 9.'5 10.4 9.9 9.5 9.'5 9.'8 10.6 10.5 9.6 10.5 10.2 9.5 8.8 9.9 9.6 10.1 9.5 10. 9.4 9.5 8.2 10.6 9.5 9.9 10. Ba,Iey. Oats. 9.1 10.7 9.6 3. 10. 9.2 9.3 10.9 9.1 10.4 11.8 10. 9. 6.2 9.2 9.4 11.2 9.5 11.2 10. 9.5 7.6 9.2 10. 10. 8.3 7. 8. 10.9 9.8 11.2 8.6 9.6 9.2 c. Buc,k. w.heat. Beans. Sorghum 10. 10.4 8.5 8. 9.... 9.3 10.'2 9.1 10.2 10. 8.6 10.'6 10.2 9.7 10.1 1... 10.1 90.4 9.4 10.1 ...... 9.5 9.6 10.2 9.5 7.5 Ptstoe Cotton. Apple.. 10.8 10.2 11.6 2. .i.... 4.-7 13.'8 8.4 9.5 6.2 10. 8.5 3.8 10.5 6. 10. 9.6 6.7 7.7 9. 4. 7.3 8.3 6.3 6.9 4.6 10.4 9.1 3.7 5.6 5.2 P.eahes 8. 9.1 9.6 7. ...~.. 9.-2 10.-6 9.'5 10.-8 8.6 ...... 9.5 10.1 10. 10.5 11.4 8.8 10.6 9.8 9.5 9.3 10.3 7.5 10. 10.4 8.3 9.1 4.8 10.5 8. 10.1 9.8 9.5 10. 9.4 10.'1 9.5 9.'5 9.53 10.'5 11.-2 9.' 10.1 9.7 -'9.4 ..6.... 9.4 8.'8 9.2 9.8" 7. .i6.... 9.7 8.5 11. 8.3 8. 8.5 8.8 10. 9.8 10.9 5.8 12. 20. 9.3 9.8 10.4 ~ 9.2 13.1 11.5 9. 7. II. 10.5 9.9 10.8 10. 9.8 9.6 12.7 11.4 10.5 13. 9.6 9.4 12. 9.7 11. 9.3 8. 10. 10.2 8.4 9.1 8.7 6.8 10.2 9.4 10. 10. 8.7 10.5 11.5 8. 5.9 10.4 9.5 9.4 9.7 8.8 9.5 10. 10.5 10.2 13.7 10.7 9.4 9.8 9.2 10.5 10.5 8.6 7. 7.1 7.4 7.1 5. 11.1 8.7 10.5 7.1 8.6 11.1 7. 7.9 9.9 9.5 8.7 10. 7.5 8.3 8.3 9.6 9.7 12.7 8. 19.2 8. 6. 7.8 II. ...... 4. 9.4 3.8 ...... 9.7 7.7 ...... ...... ...... 9.... ...... ...... .... ...... 102 ...... 13.9 10. 9.3 ...... 9.'2 12.8 .i.... 5.'2 15.' ...... 10.'6 7.7 10.'1 7.'8 8. 2.' 7.-3 8.' 7.-6 5.-8 4.5 13.8 7.3 14. 5.5 ...... 9.' 9.'8 9.'5 9. 10.3 9.'2 10.'6 9.'7 10. 8.5 7.'6 9.'8 10.'2 9.-1 8.'5 8.3 9.8 .i.... 9.' 9.-6 10.'3 9.'7 10.1 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. As this Department has been only recently established, and will hereafter be looked to by school officers, teachers, and students of educational progress, at home and abroad, for the most recent and most reliable information respecting the whole subject of Education and Schools in this country, we give the following account of its organization and its modes of operation and practical results for the first year, drawn from the following documents: (1). Official circulars of the department of Education, Numbers I to XIII. (2). Report of the Commissioner of Education, dated March 15, 1868. (3). Special Report on the condition and improvement of Public Schools in the District of Columbia, with an account of the System, Digest of the Regulations and the Subjects and Courses of Instruction of Public Schools, in the principal cities of the United States, dated July, 1868. (4). The American Journal of Education-National Series, Vol. I, 1867-68. This quarterly publication has no official character, and although under the editorial supervision of the Commissioner, is published without any expense to the Department. The Act creating a National Department of Education approved March 2, 1867, is as follows: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there shall be established, at the city of Washington, a Department of Education for the purpose of collecting such statistics and facts as shall show the condition and progress of education in the several States and Territories, and of diffusing such information respecting the organization and management of schools and school systems, and methods of teaching, as shall aid the people of the United States in the establishment and maintenance of efficient school systems, and otherwise promote the cause of education throughout the country. SEc. 2. And be itfurther enacted, That there shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a Commissioner of Education, who shall be intrusted with the management of the department herein established, and who shall receive a salary of four thousand dollars per annum, and who shall have authority to appoint one chief clerk of his department, who shall receive a salary of two thousand dollars per annum, one clerk who shall receive a salary of eighteen hundred dollars per annum, and one clerk who shall receive a salary of sixteen hundred dollars per annum, which said clerks shall be subject to the appointing and removing power of the Commissioner of Education. SEC. 3. And be itfurther enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Education to present annually to Congress a report embodying the results of his investigations and labors, together with a statement of such facts and recommendations as will, in his judgment, subserve the purpose for which this department is established. In the first report made by the Commissioner of Education under this act there shall be presented a statement of the several grants of land made by Congress to promote education, and the manner in which these several trusts have been managed, the amount of funds arising therefrom, and the annual proceeds of the same, as far as the same can be determined. SEC. 4. And be itfurther enacted, That the Commissioner of Public Buildings is hereby authorized and directed to furnish proper offices for the use of the department herein established. On the 11th of March, HENRY BARNARD* was nominated by President Johnson, and on the 16th was confirmed by the Senate, Commissioner of Education. Rooms were provided by the Commissioner of Public Buildings for the * Dr. Barnard, at the time was President of St. John's College, at Annapolis, Maryland, but since 1837 has been connected with the administration of public schools in the States of Connecticut and Rhode Island, and in varied efforts to advance the work of educational reform and improvement in different parts of the country. [1869. 190 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. Department; the three clerks provided for were appointed, and the following plan of operations was adopted by the Commissioner. The first step taken was to make known the provisions of the Act, establishling the department, and at the same time to map out the field of inquiry into which the Commissioner was about to enter. SCHEDULE OF INFORMATION SOUGHT. I. GENERAL VIEW OF SYSTEMS, INSTITUTIONS, AND AGENCIES OF EDUCATION. A. GENERAL CONDITION (of District, Village, City, County, State). (Territorial Extent, Municipal Organization, Population, Valuation, Receipts, and Expenditures for all public purposes). B. SYSTEM OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. C. INCORPORATED INSTITUTIONS AND OTHER SCHOOLS AND AGENCIES OF EDUCATION. II. DETAILS OF SYSTEM AND INSTRUCTION. ELEMENTARY OR PRIMARY EDUCATION. (Public, Private, and Denominational; and for boys or girls). 2. ACADEMIC OR SECONDARY EDUCATION. (Institutions mainly devoted to studies not taught in the Elementary Schools, and to preparation for College or Special Schools). 3. COLLEGIATE OR SUPERIOR EDUCATION. (Institutions entitled by law to grant the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science). 4. PROFESSIONAL, SPECIAL, OR CLASS EDUCATION. (Institutions having special studies and training, such as-1, Theology. 2, Law. 3, Medicine. 4, Teaching. 5, Agriculture. 6, Architecture, (Design and Construction). 7, Technology -Polytechnic. 8, Engineering, (Civil or Mechanical). 9, War, (on land or sea). 10, Business or Trade. 11, Navigation. 12, Mining and Metallurgy. 13, Drawing and Painting. 14, Music. 15, Deaf Mutes. 16, Blind. 17, Idiotic. 18, Juvenile Offenders. 19, Orphans. 20, Girls. 21, Colored Freedmen. 22, Manual or Industrial. 23, VNot specified above-such as Chemistry and its applications-Modern Languages-Natural Historyand Geology-Steam and its applications -Pharmacy-Veterinary Surgery, &c). 5. SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATION. 1, Sunday and Mission Schools. 2, Apprentice Schools. 3, Evening Schools. 4, Courses of Lectures. 5, Lyceums for Debates. 6, Reading Rooms-Periodicals. 7, Libraries of Reference or Circulation. 8, Gymnasiums, Boat and Ball Clubs, and other Athletic Exercises. 9, Public Gardens, Parks and Concerts. 10, Not specified above. 6. SOCIETIES, INSTITUTES, MUSEUMS, CABINETS, AND GALLERIES FOR THE ADvANcEMENT OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS. 7. EDUCATIONAL AND OTHER PERIODICALS. 8. SCHOOL FUNDS AND EDUCATIONAL BENEFACTIONS. 9. LEGISLATION (STATE OR MUNICIPAL) RESPECTING EDUCATION. 10. SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE. 11. PENAL AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 12. CHURCHES AND OTHER AGENCIES OF RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION. 13. REPORTS AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS ON SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION. 14. MEMOIRS OF TEACHERS, AND PROMOTERS OF EDUCATION. 15. EXAMINATIONS (COMPETITIVE, OR OTHERWISE) FOR ADMISSION TO NATIONAL OR STATE SCHOOLS, OR TO PUBLIC SERVICE OF ANY KIND. MODES OF OBTAINING INFORMATION. The sources of information respecting Educational Institutionsrelied on, are: (1). The annual reports and special replies of officers charged with their administration in the several states, or personal visitation of institutions by the Commissioner, or inspectors qualified to judge and report upon subjects in regard to which information is sought. - (2). The annual meetings and published proceedings of national societies 1869.] 191 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. devoted to general or special educational objects, and similar meetings of state, county, and town Teachers' Associations. (3). Correspondence with the active school men of the day, both at home and abroad, respecting systems of public instruction, and institutions of learning of every kind. (4). A library and cabinet of education, based on a collection commenced thirty years ago, of text-books and school documents, giving the results of the experience of states, institutions and individuals, in the work. (5). The daily and weekly press for current information of all important educational movements and discussions. MODES OF DISSEMINATING INFORMATION. The several agencies employed for collecting information, viz: The annual meetings of educational associations, national, state and municipal; correspondence with officers, teachers and friends of educational improvement, the press, as well as personal interviews, have been resorted to, to disseminate information as to the objects and needs of the department. In addition to these, the following plan of publication has been adopted. PLAN OF PUBLICATION. "As at present advised, the following plan of publication will be pursued: 1. Monthly Circular. To be issued monthly-each number to be devoted to such special subject as the correspondence or investigations of the Department may require; and if the requisite clerical labor can be devoted to its preparation, to a monthly summary of Education Intelligence and Statistics in different States and Countries. These Circulars will not be printed for general distribution, and as a general rule will be mailed, in answer or inquiry, to correspendents, or to persons known to be, or who may write, that they are specially interested in the subject. The matter contained in them, in addition to the official, will not always be new, but such articles will be introduced from former publications of the Commissioner, or of others, as he may think illustrative of the special subject to which the Circular is devoted. 2. A Quarterly Publication. It is proposed to begin a National Series of the American Journal of Education, with a view of completing the encyclopediac view of Education-its History, System, Institutions, Principles, Methods, and Statistics; begun several years since, and prosecuted thus far with a special reference to the condition and wants of our own schools, and with a studious avoidance of all matters foreign to the main object. The range and exhaustive treatment of subjects can be seen by the Classified Index, which will be forwarded if desired. Although the Journal will remain for the present under the editorial supervision of the Commissioner, who will receive no compensation for this service, it will be entirely the private enterprise of its publisher, who will soon announce his plan and terms. The Department will be in no way responsible for the matter or the expense, but will avail itself of this mode of printing documents prepared by, or at the request of the Commissioner, which it may be desirable to issue in advance or aside of any other form of publication. The numbers will be sent only to subscribers, or to special orders addressed to the Publisher, Hartford, Conn. 3. Educational Documents and Tracts. The Commissioner, with such cooperation as he can enlist, will at once begin the preparation or rather the revision and completion of a series of Educational Documents (A) begun several years ago, after consultation with several of the most eminent educators of the country; each of which will be devoted to an exhaustive treatment of a particular subject, and at the same time be so prepared as to give a brief summary of the general principles and statistics connected with the same for circulation by itself. The plan of publication (B) will be set forth in his first Annual Report. 4. An Annual Report. As is provided for in the Act establishing this Department, a Report will be submitted to Congress annually, in which, after the preliminary arrangements have been completed for obtaining full and reliable information, the progress and condition of Education in different States and countries during the year will be presented. 192 [1869. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. The following is the series of Educational Documents referred to above (A): 1. A Catalogue of the best publications on the organization, instruction and discipline of schools, of every grade, and on the principles of education, in different languages, which can be consulted in the Library of the Department of Education at Washington. 2. A History of Education, ancient and modern, with reference to the original authorities, where the systems and institutions of each country can be more fully investigated. 3. An Account of Elementary Instruction in Europe. 4. National Education in the United States; or contributions to the history and improvement of common or public schools, and other institutions, means and agencies of popular education in the several States. 5. School Architecture; or the principles of construction, ventilation, warming, acoustics, seating, &c.; applied to school rooms, lecture halls, and class rooms, with illustrations. 6. Normal Schools, Training Schools, Teachers' Institutes, and other institutions, means, and agencies, for the professional training and improvement of teachers. 7. System of Public Education for large cities and villages, with an account of the schools and other means of popular education and recreation in the principal cities of Europe and in this country. 8. System of Popular Education for sparsely populated districts, with an account of schools in the agricultural portions of different countries. 9. Schools of Agriculture, and other means of advancing the special instruction of persons engaged in agriculture. 10. Schools of Science applied to the mechanic arts, civil engineering, &c. 11. Schools of Trade, Navigation, Commerce, &c. 12. Female Education, with an account of different systems and seminaries in this country and in Europe. 13. Institutions for Orphans. 14. Schools of Industry, or institutions for truant, idle or neglected children, before they have been convicted of crime. 15. Reform Schools, or institutions for young criminals. 16. Houses of Refuge, for adult criminals. 17. Secondary Education, including a, institutions preparatory to college, and b, institutions preparatory to special schools of agriculture, engineering, trade, navigation, &c. 18. Colleges and Universities. 19. Schools of Theology, Law, and Medicine. 20. Military and Naval Schools. 21. Supplementary Education, including adult schools, evening schools, courses of popular lectures, debating classes, mechanic institutes, &c. 22. Libraries, with hints for the purchase, arrangement, catalogueing, drawing, and preservation of books, especially in libraries designed for popular use. 23. Institutions for the Deaf and Dumb, Blind, and Idiots. 24. Societies for the Encouragement of Science, the Artfs, and Education. 25. Schools and Academies of Art, Public Museums and Galleries. 26. Public Gardens, and other arrangements for popular recreation. 27. Educational Tracts, or a series of short essays on topics of immediate practical impor. tance to teachers and school officers. 28. Educational Biography, or the lives of distinguished educators and teachers. This series will embrace the most important institutions and agencies by which the education of the country is secured." WORK DONE OR IN PROGRESS. 1. National Land Grants for Educational Purposes. In pursuance of the requirement of the Act, establishing the department, an investigation into the history "of the several grants of land made by Congress to promote education, and the manner in which these several trusts have been managed," was the first step taken after organizing the Department. A preliminary report giving the legislation of Congress, and the action of the several states, in regard to "the public lands devoted to the several states to provide colleges 13 1869.] 193 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. for the benefit of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts," was at once prepared and printed in official circular, No. VI, and the supplement, and submitted to Congress in the first general report of the department. To the report on Colleges of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, will be added in a subsequent communication a notice of similar institutions in the different states, not aided by the national grants, together with a comprehensive survey of the whole field of realistic and special scientific education in the principal states of Europe-much of the material of which has been already collected without any expense to the department. 2. Condition of Public Schools in the District of Columbia. In pursuance of a Joint Resolution of Congress, approved March 29, 1867, the Commissioner instituted an exhaustive inquiry "as to the number of children of the ordinary school age; the number of the same in any school, public or private, and such other facts as were necessary to form an intelligent opinion as to the relative efficiency of the school system in operation in the District, and what additional legislation was necessary to secure the advantages of the best system to all the children." The results of that inquiry are embodied in a Special Report to Congress, which includes besides the history and con dition of public schools and other means of education in the District of Columbia, an account of the organization and operation of public schools of all the principal cities of the United States-a digest of the regulations adopted by school authorities of these cities, and the subjects and courses of instruction in detail of the cities of Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Louisville, New Bedford, New Haven, New York, Philadelphia, and St. Louis. To this account of the system of public schools in our principal cities is appended a full account of the public schools of Berlin, the Capital of Prussia, with the programme of instruction in several schools of each grade, with a full ac count of Froebel's Infant Gardens, of the Real Schools, and the Gymnasium of that city. To this account of the school system of Berlin, the Commissioner proposes to add in a supplementary report, an account of the educational system of Paris, London, Edinburgh, Dresden, Vienna, Brussels, and the other capitals of Europe. 3. Constitutional Provisions respecting schools. In answer to inquiries in numerous letters from those who were engaged in revising and framing con stitutions in thirteen states, during the last year (1867-8), a document was prepared intended to embrace every provision found in the successive con stitutions of each state respecting Education, Literature, and Science. This was printed as Circular Nos. IV and V, and supplement. 4. Legislation respecting Systems of Elementary Instruction. A collection of the school codes of the several states has been prepared, embracing the earliest law of each state, and a brief notice of all subsequent modifications, and the last revisions. The historical portion of this document was mainly prepared before the establishment of the Department, but will be placed at its disposal in case the publication of this valuable document is authorized by Congress. [No provision for its publication was made by Congress]. 5. European Systems of Instruction. In addition to a series of articles 194 [1869. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. on the relations of the state to education, an account of the school system of the Canlton Zurich, together with a literal translation of the school code, was published in official circular, No. VII, to illustrate the manner in which the question of the authority and duty of the state in popular education, has been practically solved by a republic of the old world. This will be followed by an account of the school system of the other Cantons of Switzerland, and a full account of the school system and statistics of all the principal European States. 6. Female Education. To the discussion of the problems yet unsolved in many states and cities, as to the limitation and modification of courses of instruction required by the peculiarities of constitution and occupation of women, the Commissioner proposes to bring the experience of systems, institutions and individuals in different states and countries. Sources of information on the subject, and the experience of one leading institution, Oberlin College, Ohio, are given in official circular, No. VIII. 7. Academic or Secondary Education. On the important subject of institutions for Secondary Education-including Public High Schools and Academies for either or both sexes-although the means for exhibiting their present condition in every State are not sufficiently collected, yet to aid in the further collection of materials and in the discussion of the subject, the Commissioner has already published a general view of the system as it exists in New England (circular IX,) as well as a full account of the system of several of the principal countries of Europe, one of which (Prussia) is printed in official circular, No. X. This subject is still further discussed in the Special Report on the Public Schools of the District of Columbia. 8. School Houses. To numerous inquiries respecting school houses, the Commissioner, as an expeditious and economical mode of returning answers, has commenced the preparation of a document containing plans of buildings recently erected for schools of different kinds and grades. A selection from these relating to graded schools in cities, including 133 illustrations, will be found in official circular, No. XI. 9. Professional Training and Improvemnent of Teachers. To help teachers in their work, and to contribute to the highest improvement of special in. stitutions for this object, a document has been prepared, showing what has been done, or is now doing in the different states for the special training of teachers for their work,-portions of which will be found in official circular, No. XII. This includes descriptions of twenty-three State Normal Schools, and ten city Training Schools. The main facts in the history and condition of these state institutions will be found in Table X. We are indebted to the Department for the use of valuable material in the preparation of several of the following tables, particularly for those relating to the United States Land Grants to the several States for Educational uses, and the cost of education in cities. Table I. embraces the Colleges and Collegiate Institutions, both male and female, from which we have been able to obtain information by letter or otherwise. It was the intention to classify these, separating the colleges authorized to confer degrees from the others, but it was impracticable to make an accurate classification in time for this year. Table II. embraces the principal Theological Seminaries; Tables III. and IV. the Medical and Law Schools; Table V. the State and City Normal Schools; and Table VI. the Agricultural and Scientific Schools. 1869.] 195 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. I. COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS-MALE AND FEMALE. Denomination. 1 Spring Hill College............... 2 University of Alabama........... 3 Howard College*................. 4 iUniversity of California...:...... 5 Female College of the Pacific.... 6 Santa Clara College.............. 7 ist. Ignatius College.............. 8 University of the Pacific*........ 9 Pacific Methodist*................ 10 Yale College...................... 11 Trinity College................... 12 Wesleyan University............. 13 St. Mary's College*............... 14 Delaware At. College*........... 15 Columbian College............... 16 Howard University............... 17! Gonzaga College.................. 18! Georgetown College............... 19 Emory College.................... 20 University of Georgia............ 21 Olethorpe University............ 22 Wesleyan Female College........ 23 Marshall College*................ 24 Mercer University*.............. 25 Cherokee College*............... 26 Illinois Wesleyan University..... 27 Illinois College..................... 28 Abingdon College*............... 29' Shurtleff College U A............... 30 Northwestern Female College.... 31 Illinois Soldiers College*......... 32 Knox College.................... 3.3 Ewing University*................ 34 McKendree College.............. 35 Wheaton College................ 36 Northwestern University........ 37 Ill. Conf. Female College*........ 38 Jubilee College................... 39 Southern Ill. Female College*.... 40 Monmouth College............... 41 Southern Ill. College*............ 42 Eureka College................... 43 Lincoln University*.............. 44 Illinois Female College........... 45 Almira Female College*.......... 46 Chicago University............... 47 1 Illinois Ind ustria l University..... 48 Quincy College*.................. 49 Lombard University*............ 50 CFranklin College................. 51 Notre Dame...................... 52 Hartsville University............. 53 Wabash College................. 54 1 Stockwell Collegiate Institute.... 55!Union Christian College.......... 56!Valparaiso Male and Female Col.. 57 i Indiana Asbury University....... 58 Indiana University............... 59 Centerville Collegiate Institute... 60,Hanover College................. 61 Northwestern Chris. University*. 62!Brookville College................ 63 Moore's Hill Male and Female Col legiate Institute.............. 64 Norwegian Lutheran College..... C;5!CentralUniversity of Iowa....... 66 Cornell Colleye................... ' 67'!Iowa State University............ St Joseph, near Mobile.Ala... Tulskaloosa.............. " Marion................. Oaklan d............... C al. Oakland............... " Santa Clara............ San Francisco.......... " Santa Clar a............ " Vacaville............... New Haven............ Conn. Hartford................ " Middletown........................ " Wilmington............ Del... Newark............... " Washington............D. C.. Washington............ " Washington............ " Georgetown............ " Oxford................. Ga... Athens................. " Milledgeville........... " Macon.................. " Griffin.................. " Penfield................ " Cassville............... " Bloomington........... Ills... Jacksonville........... " Abingdon.............. " Upper Alton........... " Evanston................ " Fulton................. " Galesburg.............. " Knoxville.............. Lebanon.............. Wheaton............... Evanston............... Jacksonville........... " Robin's Nest........... " Salem.................. " Monmouth............. " Carbondale............. Eureka................. " Lincoln................ Jacksonville........... " Greenville............. " Chicago................ " Urbana................. " Quiincy............. " Galesburg.............." Franklin, Johnson Co..Ind... St. Joseph Co.......... " Hartsville.............. Crawfordsville.......... " Stockwell.............. Merom................. " Valparaiso.............. " Greencastle, Putnam Co. " Bloomington........... " CentreviIle, Wayne Co.. Hanover................ " Indianapolis........... " Brookville............. " Moore's Hill............ " Decora h................Iowa. Pella, Marion Co...........'" Mount Vernon......... " Iowa City.............. " * These Colleges did not respond to the circular sent. [1869. 196 N.. 4 1.2 . -g A 1. a N-.. L..ti... Catholic............ State............... Baptist............ State............... ' il:c............ 0 Catholic........... Methodist......... Methodist......... Congregational.... Episcopal Methodist......... Catholic........... .................... Baptist........... Ndtional........... Catholic........... Catholic........... Methodist Epis.... State Institiftion... Presbyterian....... Methodist......... '-, ptist............ .Ptist............ Baptist............ M6thodist Epis.... .................... ............. Methodist......... .................... .................... Si. i.: i:g....... e dis pis.... Si'ei'od'is't''E''pi's'.'''. Methodist......... Episcopal.......... Afethodist......... U'ted Presbyterian. ........... :keiidist......... i:.............. p ist............ State................ .................... .................... Baptist............ Catholic........... Ul ted Bre. in Christ. 7e,,bytier!4n....... h.d t Epis.... Christian........... k.. I................ eth dist Epis.... State Institiftion... Old Sch. Presby'an. Presbyterian....... Chrisfian........... ,Aethodist........ Methodist......... EvanlicalLutheran. Baptist............ Methodist......... ,State............... 1835 1831 1841 1855 1864 l951 1858 1851 1861 1701 1823 1831 1847 1833 1822 1867 1,S48 1792 1837 1801 1835 1838 1854 1 1IR33 1855 1852 1830 i'8'3'2 1855 i'8'3'8 1828 i'8'5'0 1847 1855 1856 i'8'5'2 1847 1859 1868 1855 l 1844 1850 1834 1861 1859 1837 1828 1865 1833 1855 1849 1',356 1861 1856 1857 1860 COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS. COLLEGES, ETC. a O I a t e 3 8,0 .......... .......... 2 2,0 .... 250,0 3 5,0C .....1.. .... 80,2 )225 1210t 03566 17,0{ .......... ........... 1 21 5,0 ... 3,0( .... 30,0 65 7,'6 l 37 7,5( ........... ~t'"i;6 ... t,0(C ......... 64 10 63 6,0 ........... 60 4,5 ........... 32 6,50 28 6,5 ........... . 3, ........... 32 3,000 39...!1 ........... ........... 62 10,50 ........... 2,500 ...a........ ... 1,00( 6 30, 60. 2,50C No. Pres'aen-. 1 Rev. L. Curioz................21 212 2....................................... 3 J. L. M. Curry, LL.1).............. 4 Rev. S. H. Willey............. 6,30 5 Rev. E. B. Walsworth......... 17 150 6 Rev. A. Varsi................. 23 191 7 Rev. N. Congiato............. 14 400 8 Edward Bannister, D.D.......6.... 9................................... 10 Theo. D. Woolsey, D.D., LL.D. 19 5 05 11 Abner Jackson, D.D........... 10 75 12 Joseph Cummings, D.D........ 8 139 13................................... 14........................ 15 Geo. W. Samson, D.D'.'......... 26 432 16 Byron Sunderland, D.D........... 17 Rev. B. F. Wiget.............. 12 300 18 Rev. B. A. Maguire........... 21 200 19 Luther M. Smith, D.D......... 7 175o 20 Henry H. Tucker, D.D........ 5 76 21 A. A. Lipscomb, D.D......... 14 150 22 R. C. Smith................... 3 36 23 J. M. Bonnell................. 9 144 24................................... 25....."'",,,,,,',I' 26 Oliver S. Munsell, D.D........ 5 175 27 Rev. J. M. Sturtevant......... 5 56 28............................ 29 iRev. D. Read, LL.D............3 l:thri'21'7i 30 Rev. Lucius H. Bugbee, A.M.. 12 150 31........ 32 5..........................5.... i 5i 34 Robert Allyn~,''.D......... "''6'7 35....................................... 34 R o e tAln6.............2...o36.....2 dT'hs. in June 36 Henry S. Noyes, A.M......... 10 41 37 Charles Adams, D.D..........9 150 38 Rt. Rev. H. J. Whitehouse... 3 42 39 J. S. Moore, A.M.............. 6 50 40 David A. Wallace, D.D........ 12 384 41........ 42 H. W. Everest, A.M.......7....... 8 200 483.................................... 44 W.. DieMotte, A.M........... t 200 45.............................. 46 J. C. Burroughs, D.D.................. 47 John M. Gregory, LL.D........9 779 48.........................;... 49...... Hle............... 50 Rev. TWm B.Iill A.M........ H..........200 51 Rev. W. Corby................ 45 500 1 52 J. W. Scribner, A.B..............11 2dTe. 5 240 53 Joseph F. Tuttle, D.D............ 7 195 6 0 54 J. H. Clarke.................. 5 165 55 Thomas Holmes............ 10.............. 8 109. 56 Rev. Thos. B. Wood.......... 12.. 57 Thos. Bowman, D.D........... 9 368S 58 Cyrus Nutt, D.D.............. 10 2965 59 Rev. S.. SPotter................... 7 100 60 G. D. Archibald, D.D.......... 5 75 61.............................6 62 Rev. J. H. Martin, A.M.......6..............8 4T. 6 203 63 Rev. Thos. Harrison, A.M.... 8 350. 64'5.........................5 73 65 E. H. Scam5rff...................i3 6 100 66 Rev. Wm. F. King, A.M...... 9 42.5 67!James Black, D.b............ 14 450 @ An'al expense to eah St"uf den fo r t. Time of ommenement. }00 a $225Bg'ld Oct. 22d. ................................ ................................ 6......86 "st Wed. in June. 00 a 500 Last Thurs. in May. 00 a 350 Last Thurs. in June. 00 50-80 Last week in June. 00............................. .............................. ....102.3d Thurs. in Juiy. 00 50 2d Thurs. in July. 00 33 3d Thurs. in July, ............. "'''.................... ....................................... 00 55 Last Wed. in June. ................................ 00'"" ~60............ 00 a 32B 1st Friday' in Juiy' 00 a 250 Wed. aft. 3d. Mo.Jui. 00 6)0 2d Wed. in July. 60 lst Wed. in Aun. ~0 48 Last Thurs. in June. D0 90 3d Wed. in July. ................................ ...................................... 26 2B-32 8d Thurs. in June. 0 40 Ist Thurs. in June. ................................ )036 2d Thurs. in Junle. )0 48 Last Thur. in June. ,.............................................. )0 30 Last Thur. in Jane. ,..................,.,.......,, )024 2d Thurs. in June. ................................ )045....... L'st Th. b't 1 in Jun. ...................................... 30...... Last Wed. in June. ............................... t024-30 Last Thur. in June. ............................... 10 24-30 Last week in June. ............................... O 36 3d week in June. ...................................... ......................I............... 15-20............ ............................. 32........''''ee............. 0 32 rst week in une. 300 Last Wed. in June. 1r2 2d Tues. in June. 0 30 4th Wed. in June. 25 3d Thurs. in June. 1 830 3d week in June. ........... 3d week in June. 30 Last Thur. in June. Dfree. Thulr. before July 4. 16D 8d Fri. in June. .30 3d week in June. ........... i......... a 180 4th Tues. in June. 28-6 8d week in June. .................................... )18-.30 4th Wed. in Jutne. )2.5 8d Thurs. in June. ) ]5j Last Wed. in ]-une. 1600 880 "56 L 0' 2591 900 3651 478' ..... 213 45 ..... I...... I.....i 380 182 346 401 401 1869.] 197 .2: C, THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS-MALE AND FEMALE. No. N Looation. ~enominname. 68 Iowa Wesleyan University.........Iw 185Mtoit 69 Burlington University........................ 70 Simpsoni Centenary College................1 71 Griswold College.............................15 ] 72 Whittier College.....................1 73 Iowa Collegfe................ ri........ C a a 74 Upper Iowa University...........15Meh s ] 75 Iowa Lutheran CollegeA*..............16 76 Kansas State Agricultural College 77 Baker University.......................... 78 Lincoln College............................ 79 State University*................ 80 St. Benedict's College*........... 81 The Datiuhters' College..........K 82 Bethel College.............................. 83 Georgetown College.......................... 84 Berea College*...................1] 85 Kentucky Military Institute......Na 86 Kentucky University.............. 87 St. Joseph's College*.............11Cahl 88 St. Mary's College*..............186Ctoi 89 Centre College*......................1 ] 90 Kentucky College*.......................... 91 Centenary College....................L 92 St. Joseph's Day School..........16Cahl 93 Franklinton Collegiate Institute.. WsigoPaih1 94 Col. of the Im'culate Conception* 95 St. Charles College*........................ 961Mt. Lebanon University*.............. 97 State Agricultural College...........M 185Sae 98 Bowdoin College......................1] 99 Colby University............................. 100 Bates College................................16F 101 I Mailie Wesleyan Seminary....... n ] 102 St. Charles' College................ 103 Washington College..............et n ] 104 St. John's College................ 105 Baltimore Female College................14M 106 Loyola College............................. ] 107 Maryland Agricultural College.........18 108 Mount St. nary's College*....... 109 Borromeo College*................. 3 110 Williams College....................Ms17.Cnrgtoa. 111 Amherst College............ 112 Harvard Colleg,e........................... 113 Tufts College......................1 114 College of the Iholy Cross................ 115 Boston College....................i 116 Michigan Female College............M ] 117 Albion College................... 118 Kalamazoo College............... 111 University of Michigan...............1. 1I Hillsdale College.................. 121 Adrian College................... 122 Olivet Colleges.................. 123 IHamline University..............: 124 Northfield College*................ 125 Mississippi College............... 126 University of Mississippi......... 127 Madison College..................' 128 Military and Collegiate Inst...... 129 William Jewell College........... 130 Lindenwood Female College..... 131 Westminster College............. 132 Washington University...........' 133 St. Louis Universi ty..............' 1.34 Jefferson City College............ 135 Lewis College.................... o a ' Denomination. To 1855 Methodist Epis.... 1854 Baptist............ 1867 Methodist Epis.... 1859 Protestant Epis.... 1867 Friends............ .... Congregational.... 1858 Methodist......... 1860 Lutheran.......... 1860 State Institution... 1858 Methodist Epis.... 1865 Congregational..... .... State.............. .... Catholic........... 185(;6................ 1854 Baptist............ 1838 Baptist............ 1858..................... 1846 Protestant Epis.... 1859 State.............. 1819 Catholic............ 1826 Catholic............ 1823 Presbyterian...... 1858 Disciples........... 1845 Methodist......... 1856 Catholic............ 1858.................... .... Catholic............ 1852 Catholic..........1853 Baptist............ 1865 State.............. 1802.................... 1820 Baptist............ 1864 Free Baptist....... 1823 Methodist......... 1848 Roman Catholic.... 1783................... 1793 State.............. 1849 Methodist......... 1852 Catholic............ 1856 State.............. 1830 Catholic............ 1860 Catholic............. 1793 Congregationial.... 1821 Congregational.... 1638 Unitarian.......... 1855 Universalist....... 1843 Roman Catholic... 1863 Roman Catholic... 1859.................... 1843 Methodist Epi:.... 1855 Baptist............ 1841 State.............. ........:.............. 1l59 Methodist......... 1859 Cong. and Pres..... 1857 Methodist Epis.... ........................ 1851 Baptist............ 1848 State Institution... 1850 State Institution... 1866.................... 1848 Baptist............ 1858 Old Sch. Presby'an. 1853 Old Sch. Presby'tn. 1857.................... 18a2 Roman Catholic... 1867 Episcopal.......... 1867 Methodist......... * These Colleges did not respond to the circular sent. [1869. 198 L...ti-. Mount Pleasant........ Iowa. Burlington............. Indianola.............. avenport............. alem.................. Grinnell................ ayette................ lbion................. anhattan............. Kan.. aldwin City........... ................ ce.............. tchison City.......... Greenville Springs.....Ky... ussellville............. own............ ................. car Frankfort......... shland, in Lexington. ardstown............. rioit Co............. anville............... Harrodsburg........... ackson................ La atchit-oches.......... on Parish..... ............. Grand Coteau.......... t.Lebanon........... Orono.............. Me... runswic............... aterville............. e,",iston... k. Kents Hill e Id... oward C............. Md... NearChestertown...... Annapolis.............. Baltimore.............. Baltimore.............. Hyattsville.... Near Emmetsburg...... Pikesville .............. Williamstown.......... Mass. Amherst................ Cambridge............. Medford. Worcester............. Boston................. Lansing.....Mich. ............ Albion.. 11 ............... Kalamazoo. "'' " - - - - - - 11 Ann Arbor............. Hillsdale ............... Adrian................. Olivet... ............... Red Wing.............. Minn. l:.... I....I......... " k'.' I I inton, Hinds Co...... iss. Oxford, La Fayette Co.. Lexington Liberf-Y, Clay Co........ Near St. Charles........ Fulton................. St. Louis............... St. Louis............... Jefferson City.......... Glasgow................ COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS. COLLEGES, ETC. An'al expense to each Stu dent for Tui tion. $39 30 15-30 24-40 22 22 .......... .......... Free. 30 18 .......... .......... a 25i0 60 45 20 .......... .......... .......... 75 2040 a 200 .......... .......... Free. 39 30 36 25 a 180 30-40 40 60 84 75 .......... .......... 45 45; 104 3,5 a 250 60 44 al75-300 24 Free. .......... 31 15-21 27-30 ............ 52 5i0 50 15-50 .......... 40 44 100 60-80 20-40 EGES, ET . - O 100 On 0 O~ 0 2 1L ............. 3 2 .......... .......... .......... 5.... 5 1 1.... .......... 26 ]L 220.... .......... 1L50.... .......... .......... ............. ............. 180 12 ........ 130.... .......... .......... 2,538 301 500 120 13 4 14,000 450 743 105 433 1L2 175.... .......... ............. ............. ............. 2,050, 610 1,7301) 697 7,838. 1600 108 18 180 79 .......... 43.... 127!.... 51 8 1,227.... 321... .34 3 365 18 50 2 60 20 29 3 200 30 ............. ............. C. A. Holmes, D.D............ )James Henderson............. Rev. Alexander Burns, M.A.. 1 Horatio N. Powers, D.D...... 7 John H. Pickering............ 3Rev. G. F. Macoun, A.M 1...... William Brush, A.M.......... 7............................ Joseph Dennison, D.D........ Rev. Elial J. Rice, A.M....... 387 9.............................. 7.............................. ) Rev. Augustine Worth........ L John Aug. Williams, A.M..... 2 Noah K. Davis, A.M.......... 3 Nathaniel M. Crawford, D.D.. LRev. John G. Fee............. j R. T. P. Allen................. J. B. Bowman................ .............................. Rev. A. Viala................. .............................. )........................ L W. lI. Watkins, D.D.......... Rev. F. Lee Vezonet.......... Prof. W. H. Dixon............ Rev. A. Jouirdan.............. j Rev. Fel. Bensusse........... ............................... .............................. Samuel Harris, D.D......... J. T. Champlin................ Orrin B. Cheney.............. Henry P. Torsey, LL.D....... ,Rev. Oliver L. Jenkins........ R. C. Berkeley................ James C. Welling............. N. C. Brooks, LL.D........... Rev. John Early.............. Franklin Buchanan........... Rev. Oliver L. Jenkins....... Rev. E. Q. S. Waldron....... ),Mark Hopkins, D.D........... L Wm. A. Stearns, D.D.......... ~[Thomas Hill, D.D., LL.D..... Alonzo A. Miner, D.D........ L Robert W. Brady............. i!Rev. John Bapst.............. -A. C. Rogers.................. ~lGeo. B. Jocelyn, D.D......... 3[Rev. Daniel Putnam, A.M.... Erastus O. Haven, D.D., LL.D. )......................... L Asa Mahan, D.D.......:........ ) Nathan J. Morrison D.D....... 31Jabez Brooks, A.M., D.D...... i i Wat'e'r' Hi ma'n's, A.' M.......... ~]J. N. Waddel, D.D............. ~]W. L. C. Hinnicutt........... 3 G. E. Smith.................. ) Thomas Rambant, D.D....... ) French Strother.............. L M. M. Fisher.................. ' W. Chauvenet, LL.D.......... Rev. Thomas O'Neil......... W. H. D. Hatton.............. J. S. Barwick, A.M........... 61 69 7C 71 73 74 7~ 76 7 7~ 7~ 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 11C ill 112 113 114 115 118 -— 119 120 121 122 123 124 1]25 126 127 1L28 129 ]L30 131L -L32 133 1.34 135 13.S awc,AM 5......200 24 atTu.i ue -1 I 1869.1 199 500 2,000 400 3,500 500 31 0 3,000 2,000 3,000 2,000 9,000 3,000 12,000 000 ,6,138 6,000 2,000 3,000 000 3,50 10,000 1,600 2,000 ,34,000 119,000 10,000 14,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 22,000 3,500 1,575 5,000 1,000 100 1,000 6,000 25,000 0 N. .,,id,,.t. Ti.. f 3d Wed. in June. LastWed. in June. 3d Wed. in June. 3d Wed. in June. Last Thur. in June. 3d Wed. in July. .................... ............. 4th (.4. in Yne. 4th Wed. in June. Last Wed. in June. .................... s' t''w' c' e''k'!'n' J' u''n'e'. .2d Thurs. in June. 2d Thurs. in June. ................. rl. -in Yile. .................... .................... .................... -a....... l.... 2 urs. in Y. Last Thurs. in July. lst Mon. in July. .................... ............:....... ................... a,,W,'e'd'.' i n''J' u' I' y''''' 2d Wed. in July. Last Wed. in June. 2d week in June. Ist Wed. in July. 2d Wed. in July. Last Wed. in July. 3d Thurs. in June. Ist week in July. Last Thur. in June. .................... s't''W''e'd'.' in''J''u'l'y' 2d Thurs. in July. 3d Tues. in June. 2d Wed. in July. lst Thurs. in July. lst Wed. in July. Last Wed. in Spt. 3d Thurs. in June, 3d Mon. in June. Last Wed. in June. t wee in une 3d week in June. 4th Wed. in June. Last in une Last Thur. in June. 3d Thurs. in July. 2d Mon. in June. 3d Wed. in June. ................... 4th Thurs. in June. 3d Thurs. in June. Last Thur. in June. .................... Last Thur. in June. 8 292 6 113 12 200 7 87 5.... 10 293 7 47 7 150 6 154 7 92 .... 105 8 200 6 180 7 125 .... 301 11 177 25 650 4 9 2. 30 3 65 16 201 6 61 5 54 11 300 12 128 2 35 10 110 12 149L 13 192 8 11 182 17 244 25 479 10 56 16 125 8 95 7 70 6 268 11 218 33 1225 0 2 11 6 235 2 29 9 2.31 5 50 3 50 50 5 100 44 618 15 320 4 135 4 153 EIL,I-L , 4 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS-M-ALE AND FEMALE. 1 Denomination. To 1843 Catholic............ 1843 State Institution... 1855 Baptist............ 176;9 Congregational..... 1770 R/eformed......... 1746 Presbyterian..... 1851 Methodist.......... 1855 Presbyterian....... 1846 Episcopal.......... 1850 Baptist............ 1854.............. 1849 Methodist Epis.... 1853.................. 1754L Episcopal.......... 1795 Presbyterian.... 1812 Presbyterian.... ........................ 1825 Episcopal.......... 1866 City................ 1846 Baptist............ 1846 Catholic............ 1861 Catholic............ 1855 Presbyterian....... 1853 Lutheran.......... 1856 Universalist........ 1836 Baptist............ 1857 Presbyterian....... 1860 Episcopal.......... 1847 Catholic............ 1863 Catholic............ 1865 State............... 1847.................... 1838.................... 1861 Baptist............ 1857 Episcopal.......... 1859 Lutheran.......... 1839 Baptist............ 1831 Presbyterian....... 1795 State Institution... 1834 Congregational...... 1840 Catholic............ 1804 State Institution... 1824 Episcopal.......... 1851 Catholic............ 1857 U'ted Bre. in Christ. 1845 Evan'ical Lutheran. 1853 Methodist Epis.... 1852 Swedenborgian.... 1854 Unitarian.......... 1835 Congre. and Presby. 1809 State............... 1854 Old School Presby.. 1853 New School Presby. 1854.................... 1831 Baptist............ 1843 Methodist Epis.... 1863 Methodist.......... 1833 Presbyterian....... 1864 Methodist......... 1850 Methodist.......... 1845 Methodist.......... 1&55 Methodist.......... 1858 Methodist.......... 1846................... 1867................... 1850................... 1837................... 18................... No. Name. 136 St. Vincent's College*............ 137 University of the State of Mo.... 138iMt. Pleasant College*............ 139 Dartmouth College............... 140 Rutgers College.................. 141l College of New Jersey............ 142 Bordentown Female College........... 143Glenwood Collegiate Institute.... 144 Burlinaton College*................ 145 University of Rochester.......... 146 Brooklyn Coil. and Polyt'nic Inst.. 147IGenesee College.................. 148iFemale Collegiate Institute....... 149i Columbia College................ 150 Union College.................... 151 Hamilton College................. 152 Packer Collegiate Institute....... 153IHobart College.................. 154 College of the City of New York. 1551Madison University.............. 156!St. John's College................ 157 lSt. Joseph's Colee................ l58 Elmira Female College............ 159!Martin Luther College*.......... 160 St. Lawrence University.......... 161 Alfred University................ 162i Ingham Uni'sity for Young Ladies 163iSt. Stephen's College............. 164 College of St. Francis Xavier..... 65 Manhattan College............... 166 Cornell University................ 167 University of the City of N. Y.... 1681Rutgers Female College.......... 169 Vassar College.................... 170 De Veaux College................ 171 North Carolina (ollege........... 172 Wake Forest College............. 173'Davidson College................. 174 University of North Carolina..... 175 Oberlin College.................. 176 St. Xavier College................ 177,Ohio University.................. 178IKenyon College.................. 179 Mount St. Mary's of the West.... 180,Otterbein University............. 181 iWittenberg College............... 18210hio Wesleyan Female College... 183 1Urbana University................ 184 Antioch College..................... 185 Marietta College.................. 186 Miami University................. 1871 Oxford Female College........... 188lWestern Female Semin ary........ 189 Glendale Female College*........ 190'Denison Univ ersity.............. 191 Ohio Wesleya n University....... 192 Wilberforce University........... 193,Granville Female College......... 194! German Wallace College........... 195,Xenia College.................... 196 Springfield Female College........ 197 Hillsborough Female College..... 198!Mount Union College............. 1991Farmers' College................. 200lHarlem Springs College.......... 201 Heidelberg College............... 2021Muskingum College.............. 203 Richmond College................ Cape Girardeau......... Mo... Columbia............. " Mount Pleasant........ " Hanover................ N. H. New Brunswick........N... N J Princeton............. " Bordentown......................... " Matawan............... " Burlington............. " Rochester.............. N. Y. Brooklyn............... " Lima.................. " Fort Plain............. " New York City......... " Schenectady............ " Clinton................. " Brooklyn.............. " Geneva................. New York City......... " Hamilton............... " Fordham............... " Buffalo................. " Elmira................. " Buffalo................. " Canton............. " Alfred.................. " Le Roy................. " Annandale.............. " New York City......... " New York City......... " Ithaca.................. " New York City......... " New York City......... " Poughkeeepsie.......... " Suspension Bridge...... " Mount Pleasant........ N. C. Raleigh. Wake Co....... " (P. O.j Davidson Col.... " Chapel Hill............. " Oberlin................ Ohio. Cincinnati............. " Athens................. " Gambier, Knox Co..... Near Cincinnati........ " Westerville............ " Springfield............. " Delaware.............. " Urbana................. " Yellow Springs......... " Marietta............... " Oxford............. " Oxford................" Oxford, Butler Co....... " Glendale................ " Granville............... " Delaware.............. " Near Xenia............. " Granville............... Berea................... " Xenia.................. " Springfield............. " Hillsboroulgh........... " Mount Union........... " College Hill............ " Harlem Springs........ " Tiffin................ " New Concord.......... " Richmond.............. " 203~ ~ Richese Coolleges.....didcnth esond. 1ote8icua 5sn. * These Colleges did not respond to the circular sent. 200 [1869. I-ti... COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS. COLLEGES, ETC. .......... 200.... 3,527 875 946 327 4,260 870 83.... 42.... ;371.... 182.... 3, 40.5 238 6,005.... 1,178 328 ........ 376 72 484 30 555 500 234 61 "ii''"6 10.... 200.... 400 0 19 7 100 30 29 0 32.... ..... a 116 36 7i5'4.'l'i66' 1.188 180 2401 80 375 1 105 20. 63 8 125.... 172..... 22 3 ......... '294 112 821.... 106.... 120.... 91.... 130 70 308 83 0 0 300.... 10 7 Ili.... 175.... 81.... 113 39 122 63.... ........... ' o =i An'al espense . to each Stu- Time of Commecement. E D dent for Tui a,, Pn - tion. ,....~~....................................... ' D4,000 $40 Last Wed. in June. .............. i37 D,967 60 1 i -st''th. bu' t -'inJul. 5,000 60!N'xt to l'tWed. Jun. 24,000 70 ILast Wed. in June. 1,000 1.......... 3d Wed. in July. 600 30 1st Wed. in July. 145 M. B. Anderson,LL...........45a'M in.......... .......... 2d Mon. in June. 3,000 125.............. 3,700 25-50 2d Thurs. in J'uly. 150 24............. 15,600 100 Last Wed. in June. 16,000 75! ed. before July 4. 18,000 60 3d Thurs. in June. ........ 40-100 i3d week in July. 13,000 45 2dThur.afterJuly4. 15,000 100 1st Thurs. in July. 8,000 30 lst Wed. in Aug. 12,500 a 325 July lst. 2,000 a 200.................... 11 2,000 a 300 Last Thur. in June. ............................................... R6,000!al75-225 Wed. before July 4' 5,000i 30 1st Wed. in July. 2,000 a240-340 3d Wed. in June. 2,000 Free. 2d Thirs. in July. 15,000 60 1st week in July. 6,000 a 300 1st Wed. in July. 20,000 al8$-313..................... 1 H y i e D 19 4.'4, 20 1s"'.. t Thurs.'in tine. 5,720 100 We. l't fullw'k Jun. 1,206, a 300 Th.nea'sttoMayl2. 1,000.............................. 188,000 60-70 2d Thurs. in June. 3G c3,000 45 3d Thurs. in July. 20, 0001i 100 1st Thurs. in June. 11,000 9 Aug. 4th and 5th. 12.0001 60 Last week in June. 5,000! a250-300 IJuine 25th. 16,116 42 14th Thurs. in June. n10,000.......... 4th Wed. in June. 4,000 24!1st Wed. in June. 7,000 30 Last Mon. in June. .............75 Last Thur. in June. 4,500.......... 3d Fri. in June. 4,700 30 Last Wed. in June. 22,0)12 30 Ist Wed. in July. 8,000............................. 2,000. a 250 3d Wed. in June. 1.050 a 160 3d Thurs. in June. 2,000 46 10,500 25-34 Last Thur in June 8,515 30 ILast Thur. in June. 4,000 18,Last Wed. in June. 2,000 30!3d Wed. in June. 400 12.50-27!3d Tues. in Aug. 425 36 j3d week in June. r2,500 24-30 13d Thurs. in June. .300 25-40!Last Wed. in June. 2,500 30 14th week in June. ....... 15 4..........40 Last Mon. in Jnne. ... P 21 63d Wed. in June. 300...... Last Fri. in June. ....... 34!3d W(ed-. in June. No. President. 136 Rev. J. Alizeri................ 137; Daniel Read, LL.D............ 1.388............... 139i A.'D. S'mith'. D1~).D.'LL.D:.......i 140 Wm. H. Campbell, D.D., LL.D. 141 James McCosh, D.D........... 142 Rev. J. It. Brakely, A.M...... 143 A.. B. D ayton, M.D............... 144............................... 145 M. B. And er son, LL.D........ 146 David H. Cochrane, Ph.D..... 147 John W. Lindsay. D.D........ 148 Rev. B. I. Diefendorf, A.M.... 149! F. A. P. Barnard, D.D., LL.D. 150!L. P. Hickok, D.D., LL.D...... 1511 Samuel G. Brown, D.D........ 152 A. Crittenden, Ph.D.......... 153 W. D. Wilson D.D., (act. ).... 154 Horace Webster, LL.D........ 155 George W. Ea ton............... 156 Rev. Joseph Shea............. 157 Bro. Francis.................. 158 A. W. Cowles, D.D............ 159............................... 160 Rev.. J. S. Lee, A.M5........... 161 Rev. J. Allen.................. 162 S. D. Burchard. D.D........... 163 R. B. Fairbairn, D.D........... 164 Rev. J. Loyzance............. 165IBro. Patrick.................. 1661Andrew D. White, LL.D....... 167 Isaac Ferris, D.D., LL.D...... 168 Henry M. Pierce, LL.D....... 169 J. H. Raymond, LL.D........ 170 M. Van Renselaer. D.D........ 171IRev. C. F. Banselnier.......... 172, W. M. Wingate, D.D.......... 173[ G. W. McPhail, D.D........... 174i Hon David L. Swain, LL.D.... 175 J. H. Fairchild, D.D.......... 176!lRev W. H. Hill............... 177i S. Howard, D.D., LL.D........ 178i'Rev. Jas. Kent Stone, A.M.... 1791 Francis J. Pabisch, D.D.,LL.D. 180tRev. L. Davis................. 181 S. Sprecher, D.D.............. 182 Park S. Donelson, D.D....... 1831 Rev. Chauncey Giles.......... 184 Geo. W. Hosmer, D.D........ 185 Israel W. Andrews, D.D...... 186!R. L. Stanton, D.D........... 187 Rev. Robert D. Morris........ 188i Helen Peabody............... 1891L. D. Potter, A.M............. 1901 S. Talbot, D.D................ 191 Rev. Frederick Merrick....... 192 D. A. Payne. D.D............. 193 W. P. Kerr, A.M.............. 194!William Nast, D.D............ 195 William Smith, A.M.......... 1961 Rev. James H. Herron. A.M.. 197 Rev. David Copeland, A.M.... 198 0. N. Hartshorn, LL.D........ 199 Charles D. Curtiss............ 200 R. H. Howey, B.S............ 201]G. W. Willard, D.D........... 202 David Paul, A.M.............. 2031L. W. Ong, A.B............... 8 "i1 12 131 19 264 10 120 10 185 . 9 106 25 550 5 82 6.... 14 141 12 125 12 181 32 751 6 68 29 770 10 157 20 240 12 180 10 108 ........ 5 2 12 200 15 200 6 50 30 475 36 597 28.... 24 425 19 210 35 3,'3,9 4 37 3 50 5 85 6 53 9 105 20 1136 16 300 6 130 12 159 21 85 5 175 a 190 11 310 7 121 11 200 7 56 6 147 10 164 14 190 120 8 1490 10 440 4 77 10 120 4 85i 9 175 18 1il 7 100 13 459 4 45 4.... 5 178 3i 1158 2 59 1869.] 201 Is THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS-MALE AND FEMALE. No. | Namo. Location. a.> Denomination. O 204 Cleveland Female College....... Cleveland..............Ohio. 1854.................... 205 Ohio Female College............. College Hill............ "..1849................... 206 Baldwin University................ Berea.................." 1846 Methodist.......... 207 Western Reserve College......... Hudson................. 1826 Presbyterian....... 2085Willamette University........... Salem..................Ore... 1853 Methodist.......... 209 Sublimity College................ Sublimity.............. " 1858 United Brethren... 210 Oregon College*................ Oregon City............ " 1850 Baptist............ 211 Missionary Institute.............. Selinsgrove, Snyder Co.Penn. 1858 Evan'ical Lutheran. 212 St. Vincent's College............. Westmoreland Co...... i 1846 Catholic 213 University at Lewisburg.......... Lewisburg, Union Co... " 1847 Baptist. 214 Dickinson College................ Carlisle.................. " 1783 Methodist Epis... 215 Franklin and Marshall College.... Lancaster................. " 1853 German Reformed.. 216lPennsylvania College............. Gettysburg............... " 1832 Lutheran.......... 217 Allegheny College............... Meadville............... " 1815 Methodist.......... 218 Western University of Penn...... Pittsburgh................ 1819.................... 219 Haverford Collee................ West Haverford........ 1833 Society of Friends.. 220 Washington andJefferson Col.... Cauonsb'g andWash'ton 1802 Presbyterian....... 221 Susquehanna Female College..... Selinsgrove............ " 1859 Am. Evan'can Luth. 222 Girard College for Orphans....... Philadelphia............... 1848.................... 223 Lehigh University................ South Bethlehem....... 1866 Episcopal.......... 224 St. Joseph's College.............. Philadelphia.......... " 1852 Catholic........... 225 Pennsylvania Military Academy.. Chester................ 1861.................... 226 Lincoln University............... Oxford................. " 1854 Presbyterian....... 22Irving Female College............ Irvington Mechanicsb'g" -1856 Methodist.......... 228 Muhlenburg College........... Allentown, Lehigh Co.. " 186 7 Lutheran.......... 2291Westminster College............. New Wilmington....... 1852 U'ted Presbyterian. 230 Pittsburgh Female College....... Pittsburgh............. " 1855 Methodist...... 231 Waynesburg College............. Waynesburg........... 1850 Cumb. Presby'rian. 232 Andalusia College............ Andlalusia.............. " 1860 Episcopal......... 233 Agricultural Cole of enn*.... Centre Co.............. 1854.................... 234 Lebanon Valley Cllege*........ Armville................ 1866 United Brethren... 235 Lafayette College*aston............... Easton.. " 1832 Presbyterian....... 236 University of Pennsylvania*...... Philadelphia..............15. 237 Brown University................ Providence.............R. I 1764 Baptist............ 238 Newberry College................ Newberry............. S. C.. 1859 Lutheran.......... 339 College of Charleston............ Charleston........... " 1787....... 249 University of South Carolina..... Columbia.............. 1801 State Institution... 241 Furman University*................. Greenville......... " 1851 Baptist............ 242 Cumberland University.......... Lebanon, Wilson Co.... Tenn. 1842 Presbyterian....... 243 East Tennessee University....... Knoxville................ " 1807.................... 244 Franklin Colle ge................. Near Nashville........ " 1844 Christian.......... 245 Jackson College*............. Columbia................................. 246 Maryville College................. Maryville............... 1819 Presbyterian (N. S.) 247 University of Nashville*.......... Nashville............... 1806 Presbyterian...... 241,Tusculutm College............. Greenville.............. " 1844 Presbyterian....... 249'State Female College*........................ 1858..........1858.......... 250 Union University................. Murfreesboro'.......... " 1848 Baptist............ 251 Jonesboro' Female College....... Jonesboro'................ 1865 Methodist.......... 252 Sewanee College.................. Winchester............ 1868 Episcopal.......... 253 East Tenn. Wesleyan University. Athens................. " 1867 Methodist.......... 254 Colorado College................ Columlus..............Tex.. 1857 Lutheran.......... 255 Baylor University................ Independence.......... " 1845 Baptist............ 256 Waco University................ Waco................... " 1861 Baptist............ 257 tSt. Mary's Collegfe................ Galveston.............. Catholic............ 258 New Hampton Institution........ Fairfax................. Vt... 1825 Baptist............ 25.) Middlebury College.............. Middlebury............ 1797 Congregational..... 260 State Univ. and Agricult'l College Burlington.................. State............... 261 Ripley Female College........... Poultney................. " 1863 262 Randolph Macon College......... Boydton............... Va.. 1832 Methodist Epis.... 263 Richmond College................ Richmond.............. 1844 Baptist............ 264 Roanoke College................. Salem, Roanoke Co.... " 1853 Lutheran.......... 265 Emory and Henry College........ Washington Co 3........ " 18 Methodist Epis.... 266 Hampden Sidney College......... Prince Edward Co...... " 1776 Presbyterian....... 267 Washington College.............. Lexington.............. 1782...................1782. 268 Virginia MilitaryInstitute....... Lexington............. 1839.................... 269 University of Virginia............ Near Charlottesville.... " 1825 State Institution... 270 College of Williamn and Mary..... Williamsburg.............. 1693 Episcopal.......... 271 ]State College............. 271 StateCollege......................................................... *These Colleges did not respond to the circular sent. 202 [1869. COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS. COLLEGES, ETC. An'al expensoe to each Stu- ToComo - dent for Tui tion. $48.................... 50.................... 21 1st Fri. in June. 30 1st Wed. in July. 45 4th Thurs. in July.. 16-32.................... .............................. 30 lst Wed. in June. a 185 Last Thur. in June. 36 Last Thur. in July. 40 Last Thur. in June. 39 2d Thurs. in July. 39 2d Thurs. in Aug. a 350 Last Thur. in June. .......... Last week in June. a 375 2d Wed. in July. 24 1st Thurs. in Aug. 18-30 June. Free............... 90 Last Thur. in June. 40-60 Last week in June. 10o Last Tues. in June. 30 8d Wed. in June. 50 Last Wed. in June. 20-40 Last Thur. in June. 25 Last Thur. in June. 50 Last Thur. in June. 10 2d Thurs. in Sept. a 300 June. .................... ...... io. Last ur. in June. 5o lst Wed. in Sept. a 200 Oct. 1st. 40 -...... —---—...... 75 Last Mon. in June. .............................. 30,-35 Last Thur. in June. 30 4th Wed. in June. a 250 lst Thurs. in June. .i66........................... 10-160 Last Thur. ill June. 24-34.................... 36 2d Thurs. in June. .... Last Thur. in June. 50 Last Thur. in June. .......... 2d Thurs. in June. 60 2d week in June. 25-50:'d week in June. 20-50 fist Mon. in Sept. 25-27 2d Wed. in June. 50 3d week in June. ..............f....:... 30 21Turs. in July. 27 2d Thurs. in Aug. 45 & b'rd. 1st Thurs. in Aug. a 275 3dWed. in July. - 75 Last Thur. in June. 60-80 Last Tues. in June. 52 3d Wed. in June. 60 1st Tues. in June. 50 3d Thurs. in June. 60-o0 3d Thurs. in June. 100 July 4th. 75 1st Thurs. in July. 45 July 4th. ........ 3d week in June. No. Presidents. 4 S. N. Sanford, A.M........... 205J. MI. Anderson, A.M.......... 26 John Wheeler, D.D........... 27H. L. Hitchcock, D.D......... ,sl L. T. Woodward, A.M........ 9 J. H. Garrison................ 0 George C. Chandler, D.D...... 1 Rev. P. Born...................... 2 Rev. Alphonse Heimler, O.S.B. 3 Rev. J. R. Loomis, LL.D...... 4.............................. 5 J. W. Nevin, D.D............. 6 Milton Valentine, D.D........ 7 George Loomis................ 8 George Woods, LL.D......... 9 Samuel J. Gammere, A.M.... 0 Jonathan Edwards, D.D....... 1 S. Domer, A.M............... 22 Wm. H. Allen, LL.D.......... 3 Henry Coppee, LL.D.......... P. A. Jordan.................. Col. Theodore Hyatt.......... 6 Rev. J. N. Randall............ 2 Rev. T. P. Ege, A.M.......... 2 F. A. Muhlenburg, D.D....... 9 Robt. A. Browne, D.D........ 30 1. C. Pershing, D.D............ 1 A. B. Miller................... 2 Rev. H. T. Wells, LL.D....... 3.............................. 4 Rev. T. R. Vickroy, A.M...... 23............................. 6 Daniel R. Goodwin, D.D....... 37 Alexis Caswel, D.D........... 38 Rev. J. P. Smeltzer........... 9 N. R. Middleton.............. 0 R. W. Barnwell, LL.D........ 1 James C. Furman, D.D........ 2 B. W. McDonllold............ 23 Rev. Thomas W. Humes..... 1 4 A. J. Fanning................ 245. o.............................. 6S Rev. T. J. Lamar.............. 28 Rev. W. S. Doak, A.M........ 29 Rev Dr. C. Collins............. 20 Rev. D. H. Selph, A.M....... i1 Henderson Presnell, A.M..... ;2 Rev. H. H. Sneed............. 23 Nelson E. Cobleigh, D.D....... i4 Rev. J. J. Schever............ i5 Wm. Carey Crane, D.D....... ;6 Rtfus C. Burleson, D.D....... i,.............................. 8S R ev. S. M.'Wh'i t i ng, "A'.M... ;9 H. D. Kitchel................. 20 James B. Anell, A.M........ S1 J. Newman, aD.D 2 Thos. C. Johnson, A.M.......5 6 2 5.. 33 T. G. Jones................... 24 Rev. D. F. Bittle.............. 25 E. E. Wiley, D.D.............. i6 J. M. P. Atkinson, D.D......... 7 Gen. R. E. Lee............... 28 Francis H. Smith, A.M....... 29 S. Maupin, A.M............... 20 Benj. S. Ewell................ ~ l Martin.............. 43 160 50 ..... 50 ..... ..... 4o 20 145 1, 04 5 414 421 400 219 157 3,026 11 543 ..... 1,647 ..... *.... 109 4 254 110 200 23 ..... ..... ..... ..... 2,382 ..... ..... 1,744 ..... 300 183 1,250 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 160 ..... 0 ..... ...... 70 15 ..... ..... 1,200 774 ..... 266 75 42 90 ..... ..... 533 188 500 2,000 1,000 10,000 1,000 ........ ........ 2,000 12,000 3,500 25,500 10,000 17,000 10,600 2,200 6,330 17,000 500 5,000 ,ooo ........ 6,000 1,000 1,300 1,000 1,800 1,500 600 1,000 250 ........ 300 ........ ........ 35,000 ........ 5,000 5,000 '900 ........ 50O ........ 4,200 ........ 1,000 1,000 1,500 4650 ........ 3,000 41,000 15,000 3,000 10,000 4,500 7,000 4,000 9,000 6,000 2,000 35,000 4,500 271 Marh'n...............184'.."..'.'.SdweekinJune. I 203 186).] 151 141 121 132 130 155 60 11,30 10 198 134 245 47 155 100 497 60 110 100 114 60 161 2:-)'4 347 200 80 141 ..i. 1 0 2,00 54 46 11:5 3 121 25 62 90 20 75 60 120 86 60 245 80 65 11 12 6 12 41 2 4'i 5 6 is -I 5 zI 16 17 6 8 6 2 40 ...L 7. 257 184 220 56 10 81 4 595 45 15 30 52 15 6 750 249 ..6 35 20 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 2 2 2 2 ) 2 , 2 22 23 23 23 23 23 2 23 23 2 23 24 2,4 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 . 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 2-i .... la 6 6 7 8 7 11 4 12 5 17 10 5 10 9 6 10 10 22 10 10 .... 13 12 . 3 6 12 .i.. 4 5 1 .... 1 3 ..a. 3 2 4 3 ill 9 .... 4 7 16 11 5 5 8 6 5 20 23 15 7 TIHE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTIONS-MALE AND FE-.ALE. No. | Name. Loation. _o.I 272!Allegheny College*...............I Blue Sulphur Springs.. 1 a...V 273 Bethany College.................. Bethany, Brooke Co....f.W..nt 274 Lawrence University............. Apleton...........W 1.... Wis.. 275 Milton College.................... Miftonl, Rock Co........ 276 Wisconsin?emale College....... Fox Lake.............. " 277 Beloit College............ Beloit........4 I o i.......... me ot...................... 278 Milwaukee'emale College....... Milwaukee............. 279 University of Wisconsin......... Madison............... 280 Galesville University............. Galesville................. " 281JSalesianuini Seminary............. St. Francis............. 282iRacine College.................... Racine............... " 2831 Carroll Colle,e.................... Waukesha................ " 284 Wayland Unversity*............. Beaver Dam............ " 285!Ripon College*................... Ripon.................. " O 5 o 1854 Baptist............ 1S' 41 Disciples of Christ. 1847 Methodist.......... 1844'Seventh Day Bap.. 1863 1847 Con'oialf a'di Pr'es:by:. 1849.............. 1848 State I'/stitltion... 1839' Methodist.......... 1856 Catholic............ 1852 Episcopal.......... 1846 Presbyterian, (O.S.) 1854 Baptist............ 1861.................... II. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. No. Name. 1 Theol. Department Howard Col.* 2,Theol. Inst. of Corn.............. 3'Berkeley Divinity School......... 4Theol. Dep't of Yale College..... 5!Theol. Dep't Mercer Lniversity*. 6 The Baptist Theol. Semil Cary..... 7iChicago Theological Seminary.... 8 Garrett Biblical Institute......... 9:St. Mary's of the Lake........... 10!Blackbuni Theol. Seminary...... 11lTheol. Sem. of the Northwest.... 12 United Presbyterian Theol. Semi nary of the Northwest....... 13iTheol. Dep't of Shtfrtleff Col..... 14! St. Joseph's Ecclesiastical Col... 15 Wartburg Seminary.............. 16!Norwegian Lutheran College..... 17 Theol.l)ep't of Griswold Col..... 18 Preparatory Ecclesiastical Sem... 19 Danville Theol. Seminary........ 20IWestern Baptist Theol. Inst.*.... 211Diocesan Theological Seminary*. 22 Theol. Dep't Mt. Lebanon Univ,*, 23 Thomson Biblical Institute*...... 24 Theological Seminary............ 25 Theol. Sem. of St. Sllpice*...... i 26iMt. St. Mary's Theol. Sem.*.... 27 St. Mary's Seminary............... 28{Boston Theol. Seminary.......... 29iNewton Theol Institution....... 30lDivinity Col., Harvard Univ...... 31 Prot. Epis. Theol. School of Mass. 32 Andover Theol. Seminary Cg a n 33 Boston School for the Mini stry... 34 Theol. Dep't of Kalamazoo Col... 35 St. Vincent's Collee ge............. 36 Concordia Seminary..............a 37 New Hampton Theol. School..... 38 Methodist General Biblical Inst.*!o 39 Theol. Seminary of Reformed Ch.' 40 Theoloical Seminary..............11 41 Drew Theological Seminary...... i Baptist............ 'Congregational..... Episcopal.......... Con1grreg,ational..... Baptist............ Baptist............ ICongregational..... IMethod ist Epis.... Roman Catholic.... Presbyterian (N. S.) Presbyterian (O. S.) 41~~~ ~ Drewe theloggca Seiay..Mdidonot..........to.thc 81)7 Iuetlioditt * These Colleges did not respond to the circular sent. I I I I I i I i I i I I 204 [1869. 1841 1834 1857 1823 1858 1856 I,QA 6 1857 1859 1839 1832 1861 1857 1861 1859 1820 1853 1840 il 1865 1820 1791 1847 1826 1814 1867 1808 1867 18,34 1844 1840 1,142 1847 I-,85 1812 1,8(;7 1 L..ti... Marioii................. Ala... Hartford............... Conn. Middletown............ New Haven............ Penfield................ Ga... Chicago................ Ill.... Chica,,o................ Evanston................ Chica,o.,,............. Car vii............. Chicago................ onmoiith............. pper Alton........... entopolis,Effing'm Co. Co............. Iowa. ................ avenport.............. ear Bardstown........ Ky... anville................ " eoraetown............ " lyville............. 11 Lebanon........... La.... ew Orleans........... " all or................ me... altiqmre.............. Md... ear Emmetsburg...... nnapolis.............. oston................. Mass, ewton Centre......... c............. e............. .............. oston................. alamazoo............. Mich. Girardeau......... Mo... Ouis............... " ew Hampton........ N. H. oncord................ ow Briinswick........ N rinecton.............. a(lison............... ited Presbylan.. !St............ an Catholic.... I,,an'call Luth'ran. 'a "-al Luth'ran. teta. g t Epis.... oman Catholic.... resbyteriaii (0. S.) aptigt............ 1)7iscopal.......... aptist............ :ethod ist......... ongregational..... oi-nan Catholic.... oman Catholic.... oman Catholic.... ethodist Epis.... tist............ arian.......... rotestant Epis.... gregational..... tarian.......... St............. an Catholic.... er. Evanlcal Ltith. Baptist....... odist......... eform'ddtitch Ch. byteriaii....... lo(li.,t.......... THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. COLLEGES, ETC. .................... 94 355 109 000 27 0 8 5 9 6,000 3.3 72 5 90 11 I........ 64 125 36...6,000 150 50.... 600 27.9o92... 3,000 l o105 9"'3 4,500 154..... 124 5,800 190i 51 19 2,000 148........ ...................... 66........ I..... N.Presidenbs. 2721................ 273 W K. Pendleton.............. 274 Geo. M. Steele,D.D........... 2751W illiam C. Whitford.......... 261..................... 277 Aaron L. Chapman........... 278. Miss Mary Mortimer.......... 279 P. A. Chadbourne............. 280 Harrison Gilliland............ 281 Jos. Salzmann, D.D........... 282;James DeKoven, D.D......... 283! Walter L. Rankin, A.M....... 284 A. S. Hutchens............... 285[Rev. Wm. E. Merriman, A.M. 28 Rev. Wm. E. Memman, AM 66.................................25'''133:33333333333333:3: THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. ........ 60,000 ........ 6 o000 ........ I60,000 75,000 ........ 3,400 ........ 16,000 ........ 1;5,000 ........ 18,4000 ........ 100,000 ........ ........ 200,000 ........ ........ ........ 508,000 200,000 100,000 No. President or Senior Professor. 1 J. L. M. Curry, LL.D.......... 2 William Thomson, D.D....... 3,John Williams, D.D.......... 4'Theo.D. Woolsey, D.D., LL.D. 5 H. H. Tucker, D.D............ 6 G. W. Northrup, D.D.......... 7..................3 4.............4,0.......LatTu..nArl 8 Di.. Kidde r. D.D........... 9; L. J. McGovern, D.D.......... 10 Rev. John W. Bailey.......... 11 Willis Lord, D.D., (Sen. Prof.) 12! Alexander Young, D.D....... 13,Rev. D. Read, LL.D.......... 14 Rev. P. Mauritius Klosterman. 15' Sigmund Fritschel............ 16 Lawrence Larsen............. 17 H. W. Lee, D.D., LL.D........ 18 Rev. Francis Chambige....... 19 R. J. Breckinridge............ 20............................... 21m............................... 221............................... 22:. 23 John P. Newman, D.D........ 24 Enoch Pond, D.D.............. 25'J. P. Dubreul, D.D............ 26.Rev. John McCaffrey.......... 27 Rev. T. Anwander............ 28 Wm. F. Warren, D.D., (act.).. 29! H. B. Hackett, D.D........... 30 George R. Noyes, D.D........ 31 1John S. Stone, D.D., (Dean).. 32 Rev. Edwards A. Parks,....... 33 Rev. Geo. H. Hepworth....... 34 Silas Bailey, D.D.............. 35:Rev. J. Alizeri................. 36,Rev. C. F. W. Walther........ 37 John Fullonton, D.D.......... 38!Osman C. Baker, D.D......... 39 )S. M. Woodbridge, D.D....... 40 Chas. tIodge. D.D.. LL.D...... 41 Johni McClintock. D.D., LL.D. 41 Jhn c~litoc. D.., L.D Non excep for' b"oard. 1,00. None except for board. .1i I I 1869.] 205 t ,j I -. , 5 A.'.1.p,,.. .e t.'I, S.. d..t I., T.i t,... Ti.. f .... 8 9 6 7 12 15 4 12 20 8 ..i. ..... 50 21 21-27 a 150 30 40-60 is 18-30 a 150 a 400 40 ,ia,ti'rs............. : in June. .3 d ed. in June. i.t Wed.in July. .a.w............... 2 ed. in July. Last Thur. in June. Last Wed. in June. Last Thur. in June. .................... .................... Last Fri. in June. ............................. 5.................... , z 2 ;, PI 12 ..i. 3 4 5 3 4 Ti.. f ............................ $80 Last Thur. in June. * lst week in June. ........ 3d Thurs. in May. ............................ 150.................... Last Thur. i April. 150 Last Thurs. in Oct. 250 lst Tues. in Sept. 200 2d Thurs. in June. ........ Ist Thurs. In April. 150 4th Thur. in March. 250 2d Thurs. in June. 180.................... ............................ 100 1't of Sept. 250 3d week in June. 200 Last Tues. in June. ........ 31st of Oct. ti'r s'.''i'n 'u'n' e' ............................ ............................ 170 Last Thurs. in July. ....................... ......................... ............................ 140 2d Wed. in June. 200Last Wed. in June.. 400-600 Mo.b'rel'tWed.Jun. 350 Last Wed. in June. 156 lst Thurs. in Aug. 400.................... 200 2d Wed. in June. 400 Ist Mo. in Sept. ........ lst of Sept. 200 2d week'n July. i ........................... 175 Last Wed. in April. ............................ ................... I 5 -E , 14 1 5. I E:9 z 2 24 32 .... 20 46 105 40 3 14 233 99 25 73 9 50 13 .... .... .... 13 60 .... .... 33 32 51 23 .... 115 23 140 150 120 15 55 271 1151 501. ..... 290 122 ..... ... 6 ..i.. 30 ..... ... a. 7 4:000 3'000 10,000 1100 8,000 2,000 5,000 700 1,045 1,000 5,000 2,500 s,ooo 000 1,200 16,000 500 3,000 7,000 5,000 2,000 3,500 10'000, 20,1001 10,000 , 4 10 6 3 5 3 3 1 4 178 1,600 4. 42 211-) 6 181 ..... ..... ..... 590 ..... ..... "i6 579 381 491 l''' 4 ,"6,0,0 0 I:'..' 1 2,778 i 50 .... .... ..i. 4 .... .... .... 4, 4 4 4 5 12 6 10 3 3 3 4 5 5 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. o. Io No. Name. Licaitia. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Denomination. Roman Catholic.... Roman Catholic.... Universalist........ Presbyterian....... Episcopal.......... Baptist............ Lutheran........... Episcopal.......... Baptist............ Evan'cal Lutheran. Congregational..... Protestant Epis.... Roman Catholic.... Roman Catholic.... Presbyterian....... Methodist.......... United Presby'an.. Roman Catholic.... Presbyterian (O. S.) Evan'cal Lutheran. Roman Catholic.... Evan'cal Lutheran. Protestant Epis.... Reformed Church.. Baptist............ Presbyterian....... Unitarian.......... Roman Catholic.... Presbyterian....... Presbyterian....... Evan'cal Lutheran. Baptist............ Methodist.......... Episcopal.......... Baptist............ Baptist............ Episcopal.......... Protestant Epis.... Presbyterian....... Protestant Epis.... Roman Catholic.... Sem. of Our Lady of Angels.... Provincial Seminary.............. St. Lawrence Theol. School...... Union Theol. Seminary.......... General Theol. Seminary......... Hamilton Theol. Seminary....... Hartwick Theol. Seminary....... DeLancy Divinity School......... Rochester Theol. Seminary*...... Wittenberg College.............. Oberlin College.................. Theol. Sem. ofthe Diocese of Ohio. Mt. St. Mary's of the West....... St. Carolus Barromeo............ Lane Theol. Seminary............ Ohio Wesleyan University*...... Theological Seminary*........... St. Vincent's College............. Western Theol. Seminary........ Missionary Institute.............. St. Michael's Theol. Seminary.... Theol. Sem. of Ev. Lutth. Ch...... Divinity School of Epis. Church.. Mercersburg Theol. Seminary... Theol. Dep't of Univ. at Lewisb'g. Theological Seminary............ AMeadville Theol. School.......... Seminary of St.Chas. Borromeo..... Theol. Dep't of Lincoln Univ..... Theol. Sem. at Columbia......... Seminary of Ev. Lutheran Gen. Syn. in N. A................. Southern Baptist Theol. Sem..... Baker Theol. Institute............ Diocesan Theol. Seminary*...... Theol. Dep't of Baylor Univ...... New Hampton Theol. Seminary.. Vermont Episcopal Institute..... Theol. Sem. of Prot. Epis. Ch,... Union Theol. Seminary.......... Nashotah House.................. Ecclesiastical Seminary *......... Newberry................19 aau Greenville.............. i Charleston............... " Spartanburgh.......... " Independence..........Tex.. Fairfax.................Vt.. Burlington...............16Ei " Fairfax Co............ Va Hampden Sidney 12....... " Nashotah Lake Summit.Wis.. Nojoslling.............. " III. MEDICAL COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS. o i -5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 $5 5 ,5 No. N amr. Location. 1 Toland Medical College................. San Francisco.......... Cal... 2 Medical Department of Yale College... New Haven..............Conn. 3 Medical Dep't of Georgetown Col...... Washington.............D. C.. 4 National Medical College............... Washington............. " 5 Atlanta Medical College................ Atlanta..................Ga... 6 Medical College of Georgia............. Augusta.... 7 Chicago Medical College................ Chicago............Ill I.... 8 Rush Medical College................... Chicago................. 9 Medical Department Iowa University... Keokuk.................Iowa. 10 Medical Dep't of Univ. of Louisville... Louisville...............Ky.. 11 Medical School of Maine................ Brunswick.............. Ae... 12 Medical Dep't of Washington Univ..... Baltimore...............Md.1 13 Baltimore Col. of Dental Surgery....... Baltimore............... " 14'Univ. of Maryland Medical School...... Baltimore.............. " 15i Medical School of Harvard University.. Boston...................Mass. *These Seminaries did not respond to the circular sent. o 3 1.2 A E~ 1864 1813 1850 1825 1855 1842 1849 1837 1820 1867 1839 1807 1783 9z Ct $40 25 30 30 25 30 20 ...... 30 25 20 20 30 20 30) I 206 [1869. N.. N.... L.,.ti... 1857 1864 1858 1836 1817 1820 1816 1861 1850 1845 1865 1826 1851 1860 182.9 1844 1794 1846 1827 1858 1855 1825 1862 1835 1855 1825 1844 1838 1865 1831 1859 1859 1866 186 1825 1860 1823 1824 1847 1856 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 uspension Bridge.....N. Y.. roy................... anton................. ew York City......... ew York City......... amilton............... artwick.............. eneva................. ochester.............. eld............. Ohio.. ................ aiiibler................ ear Cincinnati........ ena............. t Hills........... elaware............... enia...... estmorelaid'C'o....... Penn. lIeL,henv City......... e............ sburgh........ ettysbur............. la............ ewisbi-irg........... egh ol eny......... adville.............. hiladelphia............ xford................. olumbia...........:... S. C.. MEDICAL COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS. THEOLOGICAL SEMINIARIES. ~ 7~ ~A ~::::: +0 500........ 4,0001 ...................... 52 $60,00006,000 777 300 000 27,000 668 200,0001 13,900 820 5,000 O 9,000 42................4,000 ........ —. —— 1. ........ -......... -"I..........1,0 89............. 240 160'ooo4i 10,0(00 140 75,000, 7,0)00 44............. 310,000 4............. 1 400 4500 1500,000 15,000 20...... 2 0,000 7,850 4.................... 0. . Jame.... Ra0,000 D, .....................1,0 93'84800...... 40........ 2,000 ............. 10...,000 40 0,000 2)0 54...... 69,000 ..... 60,000 8,000 ................... 426......... 2,000 1"0 180,000 9,000 ............. 10,000 ..................... 363 111,000) 18,000 ..... 29,000 4,00 ..... 10,000 5,000 ............. 300 ................... ....8,000 3,000 21...... 11800 426............ 9,000) 850 l(iO,0S00.... 5,600)( 10)6........ 4,000 .......................... No. President or Senior Professor. 42 Rev. Robert W. Rice...... 43 Rev. Lewis J. Vandenhe.de.. 44 E. Fisher, D.D.................01 45iThos. H. Skinner, D.D........ 46 Samtel Seabury, D.D......... 47 Rev. G. W. Eaton. LL.D...... 48 Dr. Wm. N. Scholl............ 49 James Rankine, D.D.......... 50 E. G. Robinson. D.D.......... 1 51 S. Sprecher, D.D................ 52J. H. Fairchild, D.D.......... 53 Bishop McIlvaine, D.D........ 54' Francis J.Pabisch, D.D.,LL.D. 55 Henry Drees.................. 561.............................. 57 Frederikerrick l k, D.D.......d 58!.............................. 59 Rev. Alphonse Heimler........ 60 David Elliott, D. D............. 61 H. ZeiTer, D.D................ 62 Rev. S. Wall.................... 63 J. A. Brown, D.D............... 64:R. Bethel Claxton, D.D....... 65' E. E. Hi bee................... 66 Rev. Justin R. Loomis, LL.D. 67 John T. Pressly, D.D......... 68 Rev. A. A. Livermore......... 69 James O'Conner, D.D.......... 70 Rev. I. N. Rendall.............. 71 George Howe, D.D........... 72 Rev. J. P. Smeltzer........... 73 James P. Boyce, D.D.......... 74 Rev. T. W. Lewis, A.M....... 75 Rev. J. S. Mankel............ 76 W. Carey Crane, D.D......... 77 Rev. S. M. Whiting, A.M...... 78 Wm. H. A. Bissell, D.D...... 79 W. Sparrow, D.D.............. 80 Samuel B. Wilson, D.D........ 81 A. D. Cole, D.D............... 82 Rev. M. Heiss................ aip am 15 210 6 130 2 31 5 139 5 l 75 4!1 ...|... 4 9 5 11 3 9 18 85 2 20 .... 30 10 189 .......... 18 155 5 70 3.... 3 60 4 26 4 36 3 17 4 8 3 36 8 29 6 67 5 14 5 23 2 3 4 31 4 26 3.... 1 6 2 10 5 56 3 50 4 27C 4 44 10 70 MEDICAL COLLEGES AND SCHIOOLS. E~ A E to ~ o...... of Lecourier 0 1 9 6 $.130...... July. 24....... 102.50...... 2d Thurs. in Sept. 110 46 135...... 1 Oct. 1lst. 815 8 135...... Oct. lst. 58 18 120 500 1st Mon. in May. 97 as5 105 4,000 lst Mon. in Nov. 113 50 50 1,000 lst Mon. in Oct. "i...................... I............. 120 *30 40.... Nov. Ist. 143 46 120 4.000 2d Mort. in Oct. 100....... 70 3550 N'xttol'stTh.inFeb. 147 55 1201...... lst Tues. in Oct. 69 27 1651...... Oct. 15th. 170 83 1201...... lit week in Oct. 386 S1 121i 3,0001Nov. 4th. 1'o. President or Dean. PI 1 11. H. Toland, MI.D................. 8 2 Charles A. Lindsley, M.D., (Dean).. 10 3'Johnson Eliot, M.D., (Dean)........ 11 4 John C. Riley, M.D., (Dean)........ 9 5 J. G. Westmoreland, M.D., (Dean). 8 6IL. A. Dugas, M.D., (Dean).......... 8 7 N. S. Davis, M. D................... 10 81...................................... .);J. C. Hughes, M\.D., (ean)..... 10 Prof. J. MI. Bodine, (Dean ).........8 11 C. F. Brackett, M.D., (Dean)....... 7 12 Edward Warren, M.D., (Dean)...... 9 13 F. J. S. Gorgas, M.D., (Dean)....... 9 14 Geo. W. Milteuberger, M.D., (Dean) 8 15 Geo. C. Shatttuck, M.D., (Dean).....1 l 13 * Tuition and Room. I 1 1869.1 207 ~ ~ Time of Commencement. Ti. 250 Last Wed. in June. ................................. $200l1st Thurs. in July. 250 3{o.b're 2 Th.in May. 450 Last Fri. in June. 129.1st Wed. in Aug. 150.................... ............................ 150 L'ast Tmur.'ill Jiune. 150-225 1st Wed. in Aug. 400 Last Thur. in June. 225 Last Thur. in June. Free..................... 150 2d Thurs. in May. ............................ ................................. 185 lst Mon. in Sept. 200 Wed.b'e 4 Tu.in Ap. ........ 1st Wed. in June. 250.................... 150 4th Thurs. in June. 400-500 3d Wed. June. 130 May. *42 Last Thur. in July. 65lst Tues. in Sept. 250 3d Thurs. in June. 300 1st Mont. in Sept. ........ 3d Wed. in June. 150 2d week in May. 150.................... 100 Last Mon. in April. 125 3d Wed. in June. ............................ 100 2d Thurs. in June. 150-250 2d Thurs. in July. 550 2d Mon. in Aug. 200 Last Thur. in June. 250-300 2d Tues. in May. ........ June 29th. ............................ THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MEDICAL COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS. No. Name. 16 Berkshire Medical College.............. 17 Harvard Dental School*................ 18 New Enland Female Medical Col...... 19 Medical)ep't Univ. of Michigan....... 20 St. Louis Medical College............... 21 Homeopathic Medical 0ol. of Missouri. 22iMedical Dep't of Dartmouth College.... 23 Long Island College Hospital........... 24!Medical Dep't of University of Buffalo. 25 College of Physicians and Surgeons a.. 26 Albany Medical College.................. 27 Medical Dep't University of New York. 28 Bellevue Hospital Medical College...... 29 New York College of Dentistry........ 30 Eclectic Medical College................ 31 Geneva Medical Collegre b.............. 32 New York Medical College for Women. 33 New York Homeeopathic Medical Col.. 34 Cleveland Medical College.............. 35oCleveland Homoeopathic College........ 36 Cincinnati Col. of Medicine and Surg'y. 37 Medical College of Ohio................ 381 Starling Medical College*............... 39 The Women's Medical College of Penn. 401Penn. College of Dental Surgery....... 41 Phila. Univ. of Medicine and Surgery.. 42 Medical Dep't University of Penn...... 43 Jefferson Medical Col. of Phila......... 44 Eclectic Medical College*.............. 45!Medical College of South Carolina...... 46 Medical Dep't of Univ. of Nashville.... 47 Medical Dep't of East Tenn. Univ.*.... 48,Texas Medical College.................. 49 Medical Dep't University of Vermont.. 50!Medical Dep't of Univ. of Virginia..... 51IlMedical Dep't of State University*..... . $5 5 3 5 ...... 5 5 5 3 3 I 9 _? $20 30 90 20 $20 .30 20 20 30 20 30 10 0 30 20 10 30 25 25 25 ...... 30 30 80 80 30 ....... 30 25 25 to5 51 Medical Dep't of State University5....Madison............Wis. IV. LAW SCHOOLS. No. Name. Looation.. I Law Department of Yale College................. 2 Law Department of Colimbian-College........... 3LLaw Department University of Georgia.......... 4Law School of University of Chicago............. 5 Law Department of McKendree College.......... 6 Law School of University of Indiaa............. 7Law Department of University of Kentucky...... 8 Law School Harvard University.................. 9Law Department of Michigan University.... 0Law Department of Washington University...... I Law School of Columbia College................. l2!Law School of University of Albany.............. 13 Law Department of Hamilton College............ 14 Law School of University of the City of N.Y... 5 Law Department of University of North Carolina. 61Ohio State and Union Law College............. 17 Law Department of University of Pennsylvania.. 8 Law School of University of South Carolina...... 9 Law Department of Cumberland University...... 20 Law Department of Baylor University............ 21 Law School of University of Virginia............ 22 Lexington Law School............................ New oe aven.................Conn. Washilngtoni................. D. C. Athens......................Ga.. Chicago..................... Ill.... Lebanon.................... " Bloomington................ Ind... Lexington................... Ky... Cambridge...............I.mass. Ann Arbor.........-...,Mich. St. Louis.................... Mo... New York City.............. NY. Albany...................... " Clinton...................... " New York City..... " Chapel Itill..................N. C.. Cleveland................... Ohio.. Philadelphia................ Penn. Columbia................... S. C. Lebanon.................... Tenn. Independence............... Tex.. Charlottesville.............. Va. Lexington................... " at. t Rebrfani,,ed. [edical Dep't of-Hobart College. * D id n ot respond to the circular se a Medical Dep't of Columbia College. b' 208 [1869 L..ti... Pittsfield................. Mass. Boston................... Boston................... Ann Arbor.............. Mich.. St. Louis................ Mo... St. Louis................, Hanover................ N. H.. Brooklyn................ N. Y. Buffalo.................. New York City.......... Albany.................. New York City.......... New York City.......... New York City.......... New York City.......... Geneva.................. New York City.......... New York City.......... Cleveland............... Ohio. Cleveland................ Cincinnati............... Cincinnati............... Columbus............... Philadelphia............ Penn. Philadelphia............ Philadelphia............ Philadelhia............ Philadelphia............ Philade phia............ Charleston.............. S. C.. Nashville................ Tenn. Knoxville............... 11 Galveston.............. Tex.. Burlington.............. Vt.... Near Charlottesville..... Va.-.. Madison................. Wis.. 1823 1868 1848 1850 1842 1858 1796 ... t 1846 1807 1838 1841 1861 1865 1866 i'8'6'3 1859 1843 1849 1851 . 1819 1847 1850 - 18Z,O 1848 1765 1826 1848 1821 1850 ... 186 i '20 ... 6. 25 5 5 5 ... 6. 5 5 5 5 5 .... 5 2,' 1820 182G .... i'66 1843 iAi 1859 1867 1859 1851 1853 1831 1845 1856 1850 1847 i A4'; 1825 - 1866t I I I I I I I I LAW SCHOOLS. MEDICAL COLLEGES AND SCIOOLS. a a Commencement of Lecture $75 ~1000 Middle of June. 110.......1st Wed. in Nov. 55| 400 1st Wed. in Nov. 2 O 000 Oct. N st. - 105.. Oct. 15 and Mar. 15. 90g 900 Nov. 1st. 70!...... 1st Thurs. in Aug. ........' ii....... 70; 50 i 1. s.t. W'ed.'in. Nov. 140.-.... Oct. lst. 100! 4,475:1st Tues. in Sept. 140...... iOct. 12th. 140{...... 2d Wed. in March. 150i...... Oct. 15th. j0 0 500, Oct. 19th. 62t...... Ist Wed. in Oct. 115 20'1st Mon. in Nov. 105! 1,000 1 2d Tues. in Oct. 251 5,0001st Wed. in Oct. 901 5,000iOct. 21st. 20......ilst week in Oct. 60 1,500,lst week in Oct. '........... 105, 1, 00 Oct 4t - 100,...... i1lst Mon. in Nov. 140 S00'Oct. 1st. 20......12d Mon. in Oct. 140...... f2d Mon. in Oct. i6.................... n5....N ov. 2. 135 2,000 1st Mon. in Oct. ............;..................... 105....Ilst MAon. in Dec. 70......Ilst Thurs. in March. 100 35,0001lst of Oct. .......... I..................... No. Peesid,nt or Dean. E I _~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 16 Frank K. Paddock, M.D............ 6 17 N. C. Keep, -iM.D., D.D.S., (D'ean)... 7): t 18'William Ctumton.................2 41. i5 19' Silas H Douglass M.D............. - 9 20 John T. HoelTan................... 8 211J. T. Temple M.D., (Dean)............. 7 22', Rev. AsaDodge Smith, D.D., LL.D.! 10 23........................................ 24'George Hadley, (Dean)............. 8 25 Edward Delafield, M.D............I 10 26'Alden March, M.D........D L10 27'John W. Draper, M.D., LL.........D250 82 140'!h 7 28'Isaac E. Taylor, M. D............... 16 29 Eleazar Parmly, M.D............... 8 30!Robert S. Newton. M.D............ 6 31 Prof. J. Towler, M.D., (Dean)....... 7 32lMrs. C. S. Lozier, M.D., (Dean)..... 8 33IJ. Beakley, M.D., (Dean)........... 10 34 J. Lang Cassels, M.D., (Dean)...... 10 35'Prof.. O. Blair M. D.............. 11 l 36'B. S. Lawson. M.D., (Dean)........ 10 37 Prof. M. B. Wright, MI.D., (Dean)... 9 38l................................... 39'A. Preston, M.D...........................O t 40!'T. L. Bnckinham D.D.S., (Dean)..a 9 7. 3 1 1 n o 9 41!W. Paine, M.D., (Dean)................... 42'Robert E. Rogers, M.D., (Dean)....i1 1'2 43'S. H. Dickson, M.D., (Dean)..... dM........ 7 44.................................. 45 F. M. Robertson M.D............... 1....... 5 46 Wm. K. Bowling, MAI.D............9 11 1 20t.. 9 47.................................. 48 T. J. Heard, M.D.............................. 7 49 Samuel W. Thayer, M.D., (Dean)..isThr. 6 50 S. Maupin, M.D................... 10. 15 511.......................................... I I o 422' 120 56 40~ 319 I88 377 60 22 89 107 t 60 56 186 4 36 79 3848 56 40.' -~6 435 ..... LAW SCHOOLS. 16................ 210 95......... 14................. .......................... 17...."....;:. 26................ 12 I........ 13,000 387 3]L0 3,000 11........ 182 1379........ 110 }................ ................ ................ 18................ ......... 320.... 67............ 4.............. .............................. 14........S...... 109................. Pre sident or Senior Pofesstr.' a Henry Dutton, LL. D...................................... 2 2 Samuel Tyler, LL.D...................................... 4 3William L. Mitchell, A.MI............................. S]Henry H. Homer A.M................................. ; George A. Bicknell LL. D............................. 5 7 Madison C. Johnson, LL. D................................ 3 3Joel Parker, LL.D......................................... 4 OJames V. Campbell, LL.D.................................- 4 ) Samuel Treat, AM....................................... 6 LITheodore W. Dwight, LL.D..........................I 9 'Ira Harris, LL.D................................. 3 L3Ellicott Evans, LL.D..................................... 1 11Thomas W. Clerke, LL.D................................ 8 I!William H. Battle. LL. D................................... 2 16John Crowell, LL.D...................................... 4 1!George Sharswood, LL.D 3........................... 3 '8A. C. Haskell'..................................... , N. Green, L.B..................................... )R. T. Smyth................................................ 3 lIJohn B. Iinor. LL.D...................................... 2 2 John W. Brockenbrough, LL.D........................... 1 14 I 209 1869.] I 1I i t .. i 16 7 42,, 46 21 ...... ... 9' 34a 82 697 9 .20 .... 42 40 29 20 54 ...... 10 31 64 153 159 i', i'8'6 ...... N.. 1 2 3 4 .5 1 6 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 THE AMIERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. V. STATE AND CITY NORMAL SCHOOLS. Location. a W8 W A, To State Normal School.............. State Normal School*............ State Normal University.......... State Normal University.......... State Normal School............. 6ormal Dep't of Univ. of Iowa... State Normal School.............. 8ew Orleans Normal School...... Eastern State Normal School..... Western State Normal School.... 1aryland State Normal School.... State Normal School............. State Normal School.............. 1tate Normal School.............. State Normal School............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. College of Normal Instruction... Nebraska State Normal School... New Jersey State Normal School. Farnum Preparatory Nor. School. 2tate Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School............. State Normal School............ State Normal School.t............ State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. State Normal School.............. CITY NORMAL AND TRAINEG SCHOOLS. 1 City Normal School............... 2 City Training School............. 3 City Training School............. 4 City Training School............. 5 Girls' High and Normal School... 6 iCity Normnal School............... q~Girls' Normal School............ NOTE.-There are some other institutions which would have been included in the foregoing tables, had the catalogues or lists of officers and students been received in time. * Suspended in 1867. f Suspended in 1865. i, I iI 210 [1869. N.. N... P,i.,!ip.l. San Francisco.......... Cal... New Britain............ Conn. Dover................... Del Normal................ 111.... Terre Haute............ Ind... Iowa City.............. Iowa. Emporia................ Kan.. New Orl,,an............ La... Casti.................. Me... Farmington............ 11 Baltimore.............. Md... Westfield.............. Mass. Framingham........... Salem.................. ater............ i............... Mich. nona................ Minn. Columbia............... Mo... eru................... Neb.. Trenton................ N Beverly................ Albany.................N;:Y. oll-we 0................ B port.............. Cortland............... redonia............... otsdam................ uffalo................. eneseo................ illersville............. Penn. dil'iboro............... aiisfleld.............. utztown............... ristol................. R. I.. ohnson................ Vt andolph.............. asl.leton............ Guyandotte............ W. V. est Liberty.......... " latteville.............. Wis.. adison............... " hitewater............ " shkosh............... " W. T. Lucky, A.31. .................... 'w' a' s', L. B. Kellogg....... Mrs. K. Shaw...... G. T. Fletcher...... Geore M. Gage.... M. A Newell....... J.W.Dick'sol'i, A.31. Annie E. Johnson.. Daniel B. Hagar.... A. G. Boyden-, A.M. D. P. Mayhew...... Wm. F. ]?helps..... Erastus L. Ripley.. J. M. McKenzie.... John S. Hart, LL.D. J. Fletcher Street.. Joseph Alden...... Edward A. Sheldon. .................... 'J'o's'e'p''h'X.'Xl'le"n'.'. " .................... .................... kd'w'a'id'ik"s.... Joseph A. Cooper.. F. A. Allen......... J. S. Erinentraut... "ft'.''e'a'r'l,"A... M..'.'.' kdw'd Conant, A.M. .............. .................... ............... 1862 1849 1867 1867 1867 1 &" (; 1864 1858 1867 1863 1865 1839 1839 1854 1840 1849 1864 1867 1867 1865 1856 1844 1861 1866 18fi6 1867 1866 1867 18(i7 1859 1861 1862 1866 1852 1867 1867 1868 18(;8 1867 1866 1862 1867 1867 I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 hicago................ III.... ort Wayne............ Ind... ndianapolis............ 11 avenport............. Iowa. oston:................ Mass. t. Louis............... Mo... hiladelphia............ Penii. i 8'6' i 1867 1863 182 1807 1848 - -II....... M - -g' .,,.d,, F.Fun I Mrs.M.A.M'Gonegli x' i i'a' '. i i r' a' c' -'e't't'''. George W. Fetter.. STATE AND CITY NORMAL SCHOOLS. STATE AND CITY NORMAL SCHOOLS. 675 120 1,500 2,349 249...... 16 10~~~~~~~~.............4.... 23............ ,61 99 300 24'~ ~~~ ~~~~... 50 9...............750 12.... '...4 02.......,0 225 6 1,000 350 50.... 71 0 300 ............. 29 79 500 1,900 412 1,300 1,573 1,148 900 1,1,35 482 8,000 1,618 1,016 5,000 4,800 230...... 140 41 3,000 23...... 3,000 25 0 50 ............ 3,000 ............ 1,000 ...... l1,679 1,200 5821 242 241 ............ l750 604 0....... .................. ...................... 1 500 130 3,900 1',444 30 1,662 1,636 67 630 405...... 2,000 722...... 177 29 500 479 35 500 .................. ......................... .................. .... 600 .................. .................. ........................ Annual appropriation from State or Cfty. $8,000 .................... ................. 12500 sup,"i b'y~ i. Fna'd 6,000 ,............. 2000 4,400 8,000 8,500 8,500 8,500 8,500 10,000 5,000 .................... I,.................... 10,000 from State. 2,400 and F. es'te. 16,000 from State. 16,000 12,000 ''...bb.............. 12 000 .................... .................... ,................... 5,000 5,000 5,000 I5,000 .................... 6...b50 from State. I.................... ....... 2500 foStte. ,.................... 8,000 to 10,000 ,.................... ............................... ,.................... t. Time of Anniversary. ..........May. 2:::....................... $100-200 3d'T'hurs.: in' June'. ...4......24................. 150-200 Last Thurs. in June. ........ 0 Last week in June. ........ 3d Sat. in June. 180 3d Thurs. in May. .:: 6...... Las't week in May." 160 3d Thurs. in July. 163 Last Tu. of each term. 175 Lastof Jan., l of July. 200 2d week ill July. .............................. 160 4th week in June. 140-200 Last Thurs. in July. 150 Last week in June. 150 L'st Th. Jan. and Jun. 160 June and Dec. 180I1...................... 160 July 8, Feb. 4. ........ I............................... 2...................... ............................... .............................. ......................................... ......................................... 200 3d Thurs. in July. 1o0...................... 184 3d Thurs. in June. 178...................... 160 3d Wed. in Feb. ...... f6::'...'':,,:: ...................... .,.,,...................... 50 Lastweek in Jun!e. ...................................... ,...................................... ............................. 3 4 5.. 7 8 t9 6 4 10 8 7 3 21 6 15 610 10 13 i 2 ...~... 9r,...... z I,, 20 1 4 0 ............ 169 244 ...........&.. 36 6 50 70 0 195 26 45 51 132 16 116 25 226 0 159 0 196 29 81 ............... 13 74 23...... ............ 17 202 150 150 75 300 45 268 50. 90 ,,,,,,...... ............ ............... ............... 1.......... b53 278 211 214 174 170 266 77 167 171 ............ ,'6i....... 6; 79 ............ ............ ........... 18 20 21 23 24 25 26 277 8 19 21 11 29 30 31 32 $'s 3~ g5 416 17 18 19 42 43 ... 1. 10 7'6 ...... 530 12,667 .....,5............... 2,500 ....................L ......95............ 7 e ,67 1,0 5........ Ju 3,531.95 11,92.5.24 1 2 14 6 11 New York and several other cities have Saturday Normal and Training Schools, designed principally for the teachers of the public schools. In several of the Western States there are county and private Normal Schools, and in the Southern States more than 30 Normal Schools have been established for freedmen, which are not included in the above tables. I I I 211 1869.1 W. I i 3 4 5 6 71 .......6 ........ ....... I ...... .14 2.75 ..................... week in June. ... 6. 0 0 0 0 0 ..i4. 12 13 332 104 370 9 .... i. 2 ... i9. . 0 1,019 ... 666 1, ...... 91 ... i6 500 Last week in June. , ii''w' e' e' ii:,:'''J'u'n' e''.'''' Ft,b. and Jiily. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. AGRICUI,TURAL AND SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS. The following table shows the number of acres to which each State is entitled under the Act donating land to the States and Territories for Agricultural Colleges, (provided Congress removes the disability of States that have not complied with the provisions of the bill), and other general facts relative to the acceptance of the grant by the State legislatures and the location of Colleges, so far as they have been established: Acr.e i. Dateof a.,pta..e. Date of establish- Designation and location. scr ip. m e rit. 240,000............................ 150,000............................ 150,000 March 31, 1866 March31, i186(; Agricnltnral, Mining, and Me chanic Arts College. 180o,ooo000 June 24, 1863 June 24, 1863 Sheffield Scientific School of Yale College, New Haven. 90,000 Feb. 17, 1867 March 14, 1867 Delaware State College, Newark. 90,000............................ 270,000....................... 480,000 Jall. 25, 1867 Feb. 28, 1867 Illinois Industrial IUniversity, Ur bana, Champaign county. c7 4 -t I a . c 390,0001 March 6, 1865 240,000 Sept. 11, 1862 90,000 Feb. 8, 1863 330,000 Jan. 27, 1863 210,000.............. 210.000 March25, 1863 210,000 Jan. 24, 1864 360,000, A 563 240,000 Feb. 25, 1863 120,000 March 2, 1865 210,000.............. M30,000.............. 90,000............... 90,000 March 9, 1865 150,000 July 9, 1863i 210,000 March21, 1863 990,000 May 14, 1863 270,000.............. 630,000 April 13, 1865 90,000 Oct. 9, 1862 780,000 May 1, 18.6 120,000 Jan. 23, 1863 180,000.............. 300,000.............. 180,000.............. 150,000 Nov. 11, 1863 300,000.............. 150,000 Oct. $, 1863 240,0001 April 2, 1862 ( o I Agricultural College of Pennsyl vania, Centre county. Scientific School of Brown Uni versity, Providence. University of Vermont and State Agricutlt'l College, Burlington. Agricultural College of West Vir ginia, Morgantown. Ic University of Wisconsin, (College of Arts,) Madison. Total........ 317 9,510,000 212 [1869. Alaba-nia........ Arkaii,,a,.......... California....... Connecticut..... Delaware........ Florida.......... Geor,ia......... ........... Indiana.......... Iowa............ Kansas.......... Kentucky....... 8 5 5 6 3 3 9 16 13 8 I Louisiana....... Maine........... Maryland....... Massachusetts.. Michi,-n........ Minnesota...... Mississippi...... Missouri........ Nebraska........ Nevada.......... New Hampshire. New Jersey...... New York....... North Carolina.. Ohio........... Ore,gon.......... Pennsylvania.... Rhode Island.... South Carolina.. Tennessee...... Texas........... Vermont........ Virginia.......... West Vir,-inia... Wisconsin...... 7 7 7 12 8 4 7 11 3 3 5 April 27, IS(L5 .............. .............. April' .............. .............. .............. .............. Nov. 2,, 1864 b'.''''7"' 1"8'6'7 April 12, IS66 33 9 21 3 26 4 6 10 6 5 10 5 8 C(OMPAEATIVE TABLE OF THE EXPENSE OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES. [Compiled in the U.S. Department of Education from the latest official reports]. Number, of teachers in da schools at end of year. ~519.27 $15.61 7!.)8.09 17.5'2 461.77 10.95 497.55 14.70 713.24 14.76 Timo tootodod to 00- Total 000 o 0 769.30 16.74 431.19 7.00 769.51 17.18 552.85 10.88 395.2'2 10.72 405.54 10.57 577.25 11.02 675.09 17.51 649.00 14.87 415.18 8.22 585.8S4 11.60 829.52. 2.0562 603.15 16.66 507.64 10.03 82'3.52 $13.53 O4 $153,667.15 186,908.85 133,407.49 26,925.36 111,778.31 76,608.54 27,517.46 16,428.80 18,286.08 5.,843.35 17,657.62 21,271.19 53,890.85 7Z74,126.59 208,583.32 39.547.46 63,259.36 "29,038.16 20,083.34 1,9)84,829.28 679,705.51 458,'255.01 157i,284.48 339,3"03.28 366,635l.96 70,63~6.46 109,539.98 75,230.07 ~17,599.06 78,083.92 79,573.57 267,220.41 1,598,707.17 754,136.09 125,081.15 273,134.11 196,109.31 57,141.53 ~6,699,611.32 II o*~~~ O 0 5 e II cl~~~~~~c > C Q ~ Q m o t1 td Baltimore, Md........ Dec. 31, 1867 18,16 Bosto, ss......... Apr. 830, 18671 26,265 Brooklyn, N. Y.......' Jan. 1. 1867 25,12 3 Bufialo N. Y..........'Jan. 1, 1867 8,866 Chicaho, Ill........... Aug. 31, 1867 15,41. Cincinnati, O......... June 30, 1867 1 7,832 Detroit, Mich......... Dec. 31, 1866 6,15 Louisville, Ky........ Aug. 1 1866 5,419 Lowell, Mass......... Dec. 81, 1867 5,23 ladison, Wis......... Dec. 31, -1867.9.81 4 Newark, N. J......... Dec. 31, 1866 5,71' New Haven, Conn.... Sept. 1, 186t7 5,8 285 New Orleans, La...... Mar. 31, 1868, 12,17 3 New York, N. Y...... Dec. 31, 1867 96,29 Phliladelphia, Pa...... Dec. 31, 1866 66, 38 Providence R.I..... Sept. 30, 18 71 3 7,368 Sai Francisco, Cal.... Oct. 15, 1867 10,17' St. Louis, Mo......... Aug. 1 1867 10,029 Washington, D. C.... June 30, 1866 3,691 Total...........................8 NOTE.-By comparinfl the above table with similar tables, (e. g., one prepared by S. A. Briggs for the Chicago report of 1867, the otherby W H Parker for the Philadelphia report for 1867), it w ill be seen that the results differ in some respects; but the difference may be accounted for, in the main by the fact that the original reports, from which these tables are drawn, either cover different points of time, or include different elements. For instance, the total expense of schools in San Francisco and St. Louis does not include the cost of lots, new buildings, and the debts of previous years, which, in San Francisco, amounted to $297,000, and in St. Louis, according to their "historical table," to $192,158. T i i i i i i I C, I- z I . I z ". tI, $8.46 6.61 5.31 3.04 7.25 4.42 4.47 3.03 3.49 7.20 3.09 4.02 4.42 8.03 3.14 5.36 6.21 2.81 5.43 $ 5. 0-1 i .$24.07 24.16 16.26 17.74 22.01 21.16 11.4't' 20.21 13.',)7 17.92 13.66 15.04 21.93 22.',)O 11.37 16.96 26.8:3 19.47 15.46 $18.57 21.23 22.41) 28.03 24.10 16.11 38.78 19.78 41.68 14.72 24.34 27.80 24.64 13.23 25.42 27.37 21.73 16.49 $24.45 i.. i..I.d,!d i. p.,; f., th. y,,., ,,.di.g T.t.1.....t,f f C'. et.ly p.id. F..I. T.t.l. 5131 546 563 630 566 596 224 262 292 319 318 377 90 100 1138 173 90 103 21 22 115 149 1.)l 101 2841 316 2'0301 2,206 112851 1,314 136 146 220 250 277 67 73 7,253 7,973 .ti".D d.y h..I,,. N.." f City. M.I. $490,523.57 781,280.60 533,241.88 198,7,S-4.48 43',I,027.63 417,5.86.53 99,284.68 210,183.30 103,540.06 33,802.23 84,182.77 128,693.73 338,595.76 2,372,833.76 877,757.93 187,331.15 278,611.01 217,9-i9.46 60,955.84 7,947,196.36 3 6 3 3 2 5 1 1 $283,519.2'2 49;1,796.66 275,217.52 130,359.12 227,524.97 290,027.42 43,118.98 93,111.18 ',943.99 8,694.86 60,425.61 58,302.38 213,329.56 1,336,320.12 .54,5,552.77 85,533.69 209' 8'i4.75 167,071.15 37,058.19 1$4,714,782.04 1 34 10 32 176 79 10 33 27 6 720 co THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Librarian of Congress..........................AINSWORTH R. SPOFFORD. Assistant Librarians...........................FREDERIC VINTON, C. H. W. MEEHAN, THEO DORE GILL, GEORGE A. MORRIS, JAMES C. STROUT, W. H. RHOBERTS, LOUIS SOLYONE. An act passed during the first session of the 6th Federal Congress and approved April 24, 1800, was the first provision for establishing the National Library of Congress. Subsequent acts from 1802 to 1811 provided for the appointment of librarian, authorized regulations and restrictions, and appropriated $1,000 annually for the increase of the library. About 3,000 volumes had been collected, when after the battle of Bladensburg, August 24, 1814, the library was burned by the British under General Ross and Admiral Cockburn. Congress, by an act approved January 30, 1815, authorized the purchase of the library of Mr. Jefferson, consisting of 6,700 volumes, for $23,950. This library, which contained many rare and valuable books, was first placed in a room of the building temporarily occupied by Congress, but was removed to the north wing of the capitol in 1818 or 1819. An act approved December 3, 1818, directed that suitable apartments be fitted up and furnished for it, and $2,000 was appropriated for the purchase of books. Additional appropriations were made which from 1820 to 1828 amounted to $26,000, for the purchase of books, and $5,490 for furniture, stoves, &c. Additions of books, maps, charts, and works of art were made from time to time until, in 1851, the number of volumes in the library was over 55,000, and the Library room was the favorite resort of visitors to the metropolis. On the 24th of December, the library took fire and 35,000 volumes of books, and many valuable paintings and works of art were destroyed. An appropriation of $10,000 was immediately made to commence the restoration of the library. Another appropriation of $72,500 was made March 19, 1852, for repairs of the library room. August 31, 1852, $75,000 was appropriated for the purchase of books. The Law Department of the Library, which is in a separate room, contains the largest and best selection of law books in America, and up to 1867, had cost about $63,000. The Library of the Smithsonian Institution was transferred to the library of Congress under an act approved April 5, 1866. There were about 40,000 volumes in this collection, comprising many scientific books, journals, and transactions of learned societies. The whole number of volumes in the Library, December 1, 1867, was 165,467, exclusive of unbound pamphlets, periodicals, manuscripts and maps; 23,915 volumes belong to the Law Department. The library of Peter Force of Washington, comprising with other works, a large collection of early books, newspapers, pamphlets manuscripts, and maps, relating to America, was purchased in 1867 for $100,000 and added to the library of Congress. 214 [1869. The classification of the library has been much improved by Mr. Spofford, the present librarian. A complete catalogue of the books arranged alphabetically under the head of authors, has been prepared and printed under his direction, and a full catalogue by subjects is now (November, 1868), passing through the press. The Library embraces the whole of the western projection of the center of the original Capitol, and consists of a hall occupying the center of the western front flanked by two other halls, one on the north, and the other on the south side of the projection. The west hall, which formerly embraced the whole Library, was 91 feet 6 inches in length, 34 feet wide, and 38 feet high; the other two halls, of the same height, are 29 feet 6 inches wide, and 95 feet long. The halls are lighted by windows and skylights. The ceiling is iron and glass, and rests on foliated iron brackets, each weighing a ton. The pilasters and panels are of iron painted a delicate buff color and burnished with gold leaf. The floor is laid in tessellated black and white marble. There are successive stories of iron cases for books; the upper stories are traversed by galleries, protected by railings and floored with cast-iron plates. Light wire screens prevent the books from being disturbed or stolen. The north and south halls have four galleries, while the west hall has but three. The total length of iron shelving is 21,360 feet, affording space for about 172,000 volumes. If to this be added the shelf accommodation of the Law Library Room (formerly occupied by the United States Supreme Court) and the long attic room communicating with the upper gallery of the main library, the entire length of shelving is 26,148 feet, or nearly five miles, affording space for about 210,000 volumes. There are (November 1868), more than 175,000 volumes in the library. The privilege of taking books from the Library extends to the President and Vice President of the United States, the Cabinet officers, the Judges of the Supreme Court, members of the Senate and House of Representatives, the Secretary of the Senate. the Clerk of the House, the agent of joint committee on the Library, and the Diplomatic Corps. The use of books within the Library is free to all. The Senate and House have also separate libraries of documents kept in other apartments, which, including duplicates, number many thousands of volumes. The President of the United States appoints the Librarian of Congress, and he in turn, the assistants he may require. A Joint Committee of the two Houses of Congress have charge of the affairs of the Library. The Library is kept open every week day throughout the year, from 9 o'clock A. M. until 4 P. M., except during one month at mid-summer, when it is closed for renovation. 1869.] LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 215 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. MEMBERS ex- Officio. ANDREW. JOHNSON, President United States. GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of Navy. WRI. H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. ALEX. W. RANDALL, Postmaster General. HUGR MCCULLOCH, Secretary of Treasury. WM. M. EVARTS, Attorney General. JOHN M. SCROFIELD, Secretary of War. SALMON P. CHASE, Chief Justice of U.S. OF REGENTS. LUKE P. POLAND, U.S. Representative. WM. B. ASTOR, citizen of New York. THEO. D. WOOLSEY, citizen of Connecticut. JOHN MCLEAN, citizen of New Jersey. LOUIs AGASSIZ, citizen of Massachusetts. RICHARD DELAFIELD, citizen of Washington. PETER PARKER, citizen of Washington. BOARD BENJAMIN F. WADE, Vice President U. S. SALMON P. CHASE, Chief Justice of U. S. LYMAN TRUMBULL, U. S. Senator. GARRET DAVIS, U. S. Senator. Wm. P. FESSENDEN, U. S. Senator. JAMES A. GARFIELD, U. S. Representative. JOHN V. L. PRUYN, U. S. Representative. OFFICERS. Presiding Oicer of the Institution...........ANDREW JOHNSON, ex-Officio. Chancellor.................................SALMON P. CHASE. ,Se?retary...................................JOSEPH HENRY. Assistant Secretary.........................SPENCER F. BAIRD. Chief Clerk................................WILLIAM J. RHEES. Ezecutivte Committee........................RICHARD DELAFIELD. James Smithson of London, bequeathed his property to the United States for the purpose of founding in Washington an establishment to be known as the Smithsonian Institution for the purpose of increasing and diffusing knowledge among men. Congress accepted the bequest, and Aug. 10, 1846, passed an act incorporating the institution. The original amount of money received from the bequest was $515,169, to which should be added the principal of an annuity received in 1865, amounting to $26,210.63, making in all from the bequest of Smithson, $541,379.63. At the time of passing the act establishing the Institution, in 1846, the sum of $242,000 had accrued in interest, and this the Regents were authorized to expend on a building. But, instead of appropriating'this sum immediately to this purpose, they put it at interest, and deferred' the completion of the building for several years, until over $100,000 should be accumulated, the income of which might defray the expenses of keeping the building, and the greater portion of the income of the original bequest be devoted to the objects for which it was designed. The permanent fund of the Institution, January, 1868, was $650,000, besides $72,500 in Virginia state bonds, the market value of which was about $30,000. The act of 1846, provides "That the President and Vice President of the United States, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the Postmaster General, the Attorney General, the Chief Justice, and the Commissioner of the Patent Office of the United States, and the Mayor of the City of Washington, during the time for which they shall hold their respective offices, and such other persons as they may elect as honorary members, be and they are hereby constituted [1869-. 216 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. an'establishment' by the name of the'Smithsonian Institution' for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." The law also provides for a "Board of Regents" to be composed of the Vice President of the United States, the Mayor of the City of Washington, three Senators, three Representatives, together with six other persons, other than Members of Congress, two of whom shall be melmbers of the National Institute, in the City of Washington, and residents in the said city, and the other four shall be inhabitants of other States, and no two of them from the same State. The Establishment exercises general supervision over the affairs of the Institution. The Board of Regents conducts the business of the Institution, and makes annual reports to Congress. The Secretary of the Institution is elected by the Board. His duty is to take charge of the building and property, discharge the duty of librarian, keeper of the museum, etc., and has power, by consent of the Regents, to employ assistants. The Institution has received and taken charge of such government collections in mineralogy, geology, and natural history, as have been made since its organization. The Institution has also received, from other sources, collections of greater or less extent, from various portions of North America, tending to complete the government series. The collections thus made, taken as a whole, constitute the largest and l)est series of the minerals, fossils, rocks, animals, and plants of the entire continent of North America, in the world. Valuable collections from other countries have also been received. Three classes of publications are issued by the Iistitution: 1. A quarto series, entitled "' Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge." 2. An octavo series, entitled " Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections." 3. Another octavo series, consisting of the Annual Reports of the Institution to Congress, called "Smithsonian Reports." The Institution has devoted special attention to meteorology, and organized a voluntary system ofobservations, extending as widely as possible over the whole of the North American continent. It has also contributed to other departments of Natural Science, and by its system of international exchanges, has been of great service to institutions and governments. Compilations from the reports of observers are published in volumes, and also by the Department of Agriculture, in its monthly reports. Total number of contributions-in 1865, 102; in 1866, 168; in 1867, 163. Total number of packages received-in 1865, 257; in 1866, 318; in 1867, 32.. Number of Smithsonian observers in 1867, 385 in forty-two states and territories, and four foreign countries. Meteorological registers were received from forty-three colleges and other institutions. Number of societies sending their publications in exchange to the Smithsonian Institutionfrom Germany, 334; Great Britain and Ireland, 194; France, 113; United States, 100; Italy, 70; Holland, 48; Russia, 46; Switzerland, 35; Canada, 20; Belgium, 19; Australia, 15; Denmark, 13; Sweden, 12; Hindostan, 11; Norway, 9; Spain, 7; Cuba, 6; East Indies, 4; Chili, 4; Portugal, 3; Turkey, 3; Mauritius, 2; Africa, 2; China, 2; -Brazil, 2; Greece, 1; Egypt, I; Bogota, 1; Buenos Ayres, 1; Jamaica, 1; Mexico, 1; Trinidad, 1; making in all, 1,081. Number of books, maps and charts received by exchange, in 1867-Octavo, 1,088; Quarto, 383; Folio, 86; total, 1,557. Number of parts of volumes and pamphlets-Octavo, 2,689; Quarto, 1,057; Folio, 200; total, 3,946; maps and charts, 328; making in all, 5,831. 1869.] 217 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. UNITED STATES MINT. The Constitution (Article 1, section 8), gives Congress the sole power to coin money, and regulate the value thereof. The act of April 2, 1792, provided that a mint for the purpose of National Coinage should be established and carried on at the seat of government of the United States, which was then at Philadelphia. Subsequent acts continued the mint at the same place temporarily, until by act of May 19, 1828, its location was permanently fixed in that city. The officers of the mint are-a Director, a Treasurer, an Assayer, a Melter and Refiner, a Chief Coiner, and an Engraver. These officers are appointed by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Director has the control and management of the mint, the superintendence of the officers and persons employed, and the general regulation and supervision of the several branches. The Treasurer receives all moneys for the use or support of the mint, and all bullion brought to the mint for coinage; he has the custody of the same except while legally in the hands of other officers; and on the warrant of the Director, he pays all moneys due by the mint, and delivers all coins struck at the mint to the persons to whom they are legally payable. The Assayer assays all metals used in coinage, and all coins, whenever required by the operations of the mint, or instructed by the Director. The Melter and Refiner conducts the operations necessary to form ingots of standard silver and gold suitable for the Chief Coiner. The Chtief Coiner conducts the operations necessary to form coins from the ingots, &c., delivered to him for the purpose. The Engraver prepares and engraves with the legal device and inscription all the dies used in the coinage of the mint and its branches. Besides the mint at Philadelphia, Congress has from time to time established branches and an Assay Office at the following places: At New Orleans, for the coinage of gold and silver..............................M arch 3, 1835. At Charlotte, North Carolina, for the coinage of gold only......................March 3,1835. At Dahlonega, Georgia, for gold only............................................March 3, 1835. At San Francisco, California, for gold and silver................................. July 3, 1852. At Denver, Colorado Territory, for gold and silver............................. April 21, 1862. At Carson City, Nevada, for gold and silver.....................................March 3, 1863. At New York City, an Assay Office for the receipt, melting, refining, parting, and assaying of gold and silver bullion and foreign coin, and for casting the same into bars, ingots, or disks.............................................March 8, 1853. At Dallas City, Oregon, for gold and silver......................................July 4, 1864. OFFICERS OF THE MINT AT PHILADELPHIA. Direct.r......... HENRY R. LINDERMAN..................$4,500 Treasurer, and Ex-Ocio Asst. Treas. of U....C HAMBERS McKIBBIN*....................8 3,500 Ass ayer....................................JACOB R. ECKFELDT...................... 3,000 Melter and Refiner.............................JAMES C. BOOTH..........................3,000 Chief Coiner...................................A. LOUDON SNOWDEN.....................3,000 Engrave r...........JAMEs B. LONGCcRE...................... 3,000 Assistant Assaaye WE......................WILLIAM E. D UBOIS 2,000 OFFICER OF BRANCH MINT, NEW ORLEANS, LA. Treasurer......................................JOHN S. WALTON........................$4,000 OFFICER OF BRANCH MINT, CHARLOTTE, N. C. Assayer........................................IsAAc W. JONES.........................$1,500 *The Treasurer also receives $1,500 for additional compensation as Assistant Treasurer of the United States. 218 [1869. UNITED STATES MINT. OFFICERS OF BRANCH MINT, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Superintendent..................................ROBERT B. SWAIN.......................$4,500 Treasurer......................................CHAS. N. FELTON.........................4,500 Assayer..................................... BENJ. T. MARTIN.........................3,000 Coiner..........................................WILLIAM ESHMOLZ.........................3,000 M elter and Refiner..............................JOHN M. ECKFELDT.....................3,000 OFFICERS AT NEW YORK ASSAY OFFICE. Superintendent................................GEORGE F. DUNNING.................. $ Treaswurer......................................H. H. VAN DYCK.........................8,000 Assayer........................................JOHN TORRY.............................. Melter and Refiner..............................ANDREW MASON........................... Assistant Assayer..............................CARL SHULTZ............................. OFFICERS OF BRANCH MINT AT DENVER, COL. Sulperinteendent.................................GEORGE W. LANE........................$2,000 Assayer..............................OSCAR D. MUNSON..................1,800 Coine?...............................GEORGE W. MCCLURE...............1.,800 Deposits of bullion are received at the mint and its branches to be separated and refined, or cast into bars or ingots, the charges for refining, casting, or forming bars or ingots being the actual cost of the operation, including labor, wastage, use of machinery, materials, &c., to be regulated from time to time by the Secretary of the Treasury. In 1867, the rate of charges on deposits of gold and silver bullion at the mint in Philadelphia and at the Assay Office in New York, were as follows: For toughening or refining, in proportion to fineness of metal. On gold, from 1 cent to 3+ cents per ounce, gross weight. On silver, from + cent to 3 cents per ounce. For refining coppery gold, already ductile, in order to return stamped bars, 5 cents per ounce. For separating gold from silver when the mixture is free from copper, according to proportion of gold, from 1+ cents to 5 cents per ounce. When the alloy is partly copper, if over fifty thousandths copper, from 1 cent to 3+ cents additional. For melting gold, nearly fine, and returning the same in stamped bars, 6 cents per hundred dollars. For making standard bars, of gold or silver, 50 cents per hundred dollars. For melting silver after parting, in order to return fine stamped bars, + cent per ounce, fine. On partable gold or silver intended for fine bars, there are two charges; for parting, and for making bars. Deposits. The deposits of bullion at the Mint and branches during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868, were as follows: Gold, $25,472,894.82; silver, $1,693,423.88; total deposits, $27,166,318.70; deducting re-deposits, the amount will be $24,591,325.84. Coinage. The coinage for the same period was as follows: Gold coin, pieces, 976,539; value, $18,114,425; unparted and fine gold bars, $6,026,810.06; silver coin, pieces, 3,321,067; value, $1,136,750; silver bars, $456,236.48; nickel, copper and bronze coinage, pieces, 45,438,000; value, $1,713,385. Total number of pieces struck, 49,735,840. Total value of coinage, $27,447,606.54. Bullion. The distribution of the bullion received at the mint and branches, was as follows: At Philadelphia, gold deposited, $4,043,048.63; gold coined, $3,864,425; fine gold bars, $98,848.03; silver deposits and purchases, $342,635.72; silver coined, $314,750; silver bars, $6,729.94; nickel, copper and bronze coinage, value, $1,713,:385. Total deposits of gold and silver, $4,385,684.35. Total coinage, $5,892,560. At the Branch Mint, San Francisco, the gold deposits were, $14,979,558.52; gold coined, $14,250,000; silver deposits and purchases, $713,867.66; silver coined, $822,000. Total deposits and purchases, $15,693,426.18. Total coinage, $15,072,000. The Assay Office in New York received during the year in gold bullion, $6,092,352.56; silver bullion, including purchases, $631,837.83; number of fine gold bars stamped, 4,084; value, $5,567,082.77; silver bars, 3,992; value, $449,506.54. Total, $6,016,589.31. At the Branch Mint, Denver, Colorado, the deposits for unparted bars were: Gold, $357,935.11; silver, $5,082.67. Total, $363,017.78. Tle deposits at this institution during the preceding fiscal year amounted to $139,559.70. 1869.] 219 THiE AMIERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Statement of coinage at the Mint of the United States, and the Branch Mint, California, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1868: DENOM[INATION. MINT U. S., PHILADELPHIA. BRANCH MINT, SAN FRANCISCO. GOLD. Pieces. Value. Pieces. Value. Double Eagles............ 188,540 $3,770,800.00 696,750 $13,935,000.00 Ea,gles.................... 3,050 30,500.00 12,500 125,000.00 Half Eagles.............. 5,750 28,750.00 25,000 125,000.00 Three Dollars............ 4,900 14,700.00 Quarter Eagles........... 3,650 9,125.00 26,000 65,000.00 ollars................... 10,550 10,550.00 Fine Bars....................151 98,848.03 Total Gold.......... 216,591 $3,963,273.03 760,250 $14,250,000.00 DENOMINATION. MINT U.S., PHILADELPHIA. BRANCH MINT, SAN FRANCISCO. SILVER. Pieces. Value. Pieces. Value. Dollars................... 54,800 $54,800.00 Half Dollars.............. 411,500 205,750.00 1,482,000 $741,000.00 Quarter Dollars........... 29,900 7,475.00 120,000 30,000.00 Dimes.................... 423,150 42,315.00 310,000 31,000.00 Half Dimes............... 85,800 4,290.00 400,000 20,000.00 Three Cent Pieces........ 4,000 120.00 Bars...................... 83 6,729.94 Total Silver......... 1,009,233 $321,479.94 2,312,000 $822,000.00 COPPER. Pieces Value. Five Cent Pieces........................... 28,902,000..............................$1,445,100.00 Three Cent Pieces.......................... 3,613,000.............................. 108,390.00 Two Cent Pieces........................... 3.066,500.............................. 61,330.00 One Cent Pieces........................... 9,856,500.............................. 98,565.00 Total Copper.........................45,438,000..............................$1,713,385.00 There was also stamped at the Assay Office, New York: Gold in fine bars, $5,567,082.77; Silver in bars, $449,506.54; and at Branch Mint, Denver, $360,879.26. Pieces. Valuie. Total Coinage.............................49,735,840.............................$27,447,606.54 Statement of Gold and Silver of domestic production deposited at the Mint and its branches during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1867: GOLD. Alabama.......................$ 437.30 North Carolina.................$ 66.305.62 Arizona........................ 23,896.15 Oregon......................... 1,020,469.76 California...................... 13,350,722.00 South Carolina................. 1,.00.54 Colorado....................... 980,857.83 Utah........................... 4,327.11 Georgia....................... 28,758.20, Virginia....................... 10,205.90 Idaho......................... 2,392,595.77 Mint Bars...................... 111,168.30 Montana....................... 6,595,419.95 Parted from Silver.............. 450,089.54 Nevada........................ 48,677.09 Refined Gold or Fine Bars...... 5,715,260.40 New Mexico.................... 15,357.08 Total Gold..................................................................$30,805,748.54 SILVER. Arizona........................$ 3,212.26 Montana........................$ 19,095.48 California...................... 310.25 Nevada......................... 579,931.76 Colorado....................... 543.78 Oregon......................... 183.68 Idaho......................... 160.269.24 Bars............................ 10,709.00 Lake Superior.................. 18,555.35 Parted from Gold............... 263,869.59 Total Silver................................................................. $1,056,680.89 Total Gold and Silver of Domestic Production..............................$31,862,428.93 220 [lScm. The entire deposits of domestic gold at the United States Mint and branches, to June 30, 1868, were from Alabama, $202,325.26; Arizona, $183,699.31; California, $604,680,605.09; Colorado, $14,463,272.19; Dakota, $7,958.88; Georgia, $7,053,004.63; Idaho, $14,162,970.07; Montana, $17,208,753.18; Nebraska, $5,876.08; Nevada, $210,539.93; New Mexico, $122,759.98; North Carolina, $9,434,839.31; Oregon, $9,552,102.69; South Carolina, $1,356,471.44; Tennessee, $81,680.39; Utah, $87,669.55; Vermont, $1,512.66; Virginia, $1,591,594.11; Washington, $61,260.49; Parted from Silver, $3,808,844.51; other sources, $20,369,175.40. Total, $704,646,915.15. FOREIGN GOLD AND SILVER COINS. Prepared by the Director of the M1int at Philadelphia. In the third column the weight is given in fractions of a Troy ounce, carried to thousandths, and in a few cases to ten thousandths of an ounce. The fifth column expresses the value of the coins as compared with our gold coin. At the mint there is a uniform deduction of one half of one per cent. on the gold coin. The valie of silver depends on the condition of dclemald and supply; the values given are calculated at 122+ cents per ounce for standard silver, the price in 1868. GOLD COINS. COUNTRY. DENOMINATIONS. Australia.............. Pound of 1852................... ............ iSovereign of 1855-60............ Austria...........Ducat........................... ...........Souvereig.....................033 "...............New Union Crown, (assumed).. Belgium..............'25 Fra ncs....................... Bolivia................ Doubloon....................... Brazil................ Tenty Mil rei s................. Central America...... Tw o E scu dos................... i. Four Reals...................... Chili............... Old Doubloon................... "is......,...Ten Pesos...................... Denmark........... Ten Thaler..................... Ecuador............... Four Escudos................... Eng,and........... Pound or Sovereign, new....... '''..........." averages.... France............. Twenty Francs, new............ ~............. " " average..... Germany, North.... I Ten Thaler.................47 85.... '- " Prussian............ ...... Krone, (Crown)................. 66. " South......Ducat...........................1 92 Greece................ Twen ty Drachms............... Hindostan..........Mohur..........................3 90 Italy.................Twenty Lire....................Tet8 3 Japan..............Old Cban.....................l 5 -.... ii,..................... Mexico............. Doubloon. average............. "............... ne.............. "........... Twenty Pesos, (Maximiilian).... Naples............... Six Ducati, new................ Netherlands........... Ten Guilders.................... New Granada......... Old Do ubloon, Bogota.......... "'.........' " Popayan........ 137 ......... Ten Pesos...................... Peru...............Old Doubloon................... .................. Twent y Sole s................... Portugal.............. G o ld Crown..................... Prussia............... Now Union Crown, (assumed)... Rome................. 2 Scudi, new................... Russia................ Five Rou bles.................. Spain................ 100 Reals........................ 11............................. n; ........................................5.8.4 Sweden............... Ducat........................... Tunis................. 2 5 P iastres...................... Turkey...............10......................10 " Tuscany.............. Seguin.......................... Weight. Oz.-.De. 0.281 0.256.5 0.112 0.363 0.357 0.254 0.867 0.575 0.209 0.027 0.8(37 -0.492 0.427 0.433 0.256.7 0.256.2 0.207.5 0.207 0.427 0.427 0.357 0.112 0.185 0.374 0.207 0.362 0.28'3 0.867.5 0.867.5 1.086 0.245 0.215 0.868 0.867 0.525 0.867 1.055 0.308 0.357 0.140 0.210 0.268 0.215 0.111 0.161 0.231 0.112 Fineness. Thou.. 916.5 916 986 090 90 0 899 870 917.5 853.5 875 870 900 895 844 916.5 916 899 899 895 903 900 986 900 916 898 568 572 866 870.5 875 996 8.99 870 858 891.5 868 898 912 900 900 916 896 869.5 875 900 915 999 1869.1 UNITED STATES MINT. 221 Value. $5.32.4 4.85.7 2.28.3 6.75.4 6.64.2 4.72.0 15.59.3 10.90.6 3.68., 0.48.8 15.59.3 9.15.4 7.90.0 7.55.5 4.86.3 4.85.1 3.85.8 3.84.7 7.90.0 7.97.1 6.64.2 2.28.2 3.44.2 7.08.2 3.84.3 4.44.0 3.57.6 15.53.0 15.61.1 19.64.,3 5.04.4 3.99.1 15-61.1 15-37.8 9.67.5 15.55.7 19.1.3 5.80.7 6.64. 2,60.5 3.97.6 4.96.4 3.86.4 2.3.7 2.99.5 4.36.9 2.31.3 THIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. SILVER COINS. COUNTRY. Austria...............C ................ 1 ................... ............... Braz............... X Canada............... "................1 Beral................. Chilivi...................D .. H~~~~EC .................. Denmarl............... it England.............. CenralnAe ria................ l Gemn,Nrhil........... "...............D Frnanemar............ lI England................. I aples.................S Netherlstand............ Japanc.................I} Germay................. M.ic................D ............. ............... ,Nals,.................. JRapay................ .................. ................. ................ Re.. fi11 1 1~ 1 l PSsiran............... Tunaps............... Noromy................ Russi ad............... Sardii.............. Spai............. Swde...| Prussi................. TRomey................. Tuscian................ I W eight. Oz. Dec. 0.902 0.836 0.451 0.397 0.596 0.895 0.803 0.643 0.432 0.820 0.150 0.866 0.864 0.801 0.927 0.182.5 0.178 0.800 0.712 0.595 0.340 0.340 0.719 0.374 0.279 0.279 0.867.5 0.866 0.861 0.844 0.804 0.927 0.803 0.866 0.766 0.43,3 0.802 0.712 0.595 0.864 0.667 0.800 0.166 1.092 0.323 0.511 0.770 0.220 IOld Rix Dollar.................. Old Scudo...................... Florin before 1858............... New Florin..................... Sew Union Dollar.............. Maria Theresa Dollar, 1780...... Five Francs..................... oew Dollar..................... .Half Dollar..................... Double Milreis.................. Twenty Cents.................. ollar.......................... I)ld Dollar...................... New Dollar..................... Dwo Rigsdaler.................. Shilling, new................... Shilling, average................ Hcive Franc, average............. Ghaler before 1857.............. New Thaler..................... Florin before 1857............... New Florin, (assumed).......... Five Drachms................... Rupee.......................... [tzebu.......................... . ew Itzebu.................... Dollar, new..................... Dollar, average.................. Peso of Maximilian............. cudo........................... N+ Guilders..................... Specie Daler.................... N)ollar of 1857................... ld Dollar...................... Dollar of 1858................... Half Dollar 1835 and 1838........ ....ol.............................. Phaler before 1857.............. Sew Thaler.................... R(cudo........................... Rouble.......................... Five Lire....................... Sew Pistareen.................. Rix Dollar...................... rwo Francs..................... rive Piastres................... Twenty................... FTorin.......................... COINS OF THE UNITED STATES. GOLD. SILVER. Name. Weight. Value. Name. Weight. Value. Double Eagle..........516 gr.......... $20 Dollar.................412+ gr...........$1. Eagle.................258 gr.......... 10 Half Dollar............206 gr...........50 Half Eagle............129 gr.......... 5 Quarter Dollar........103 gr..........25 QuarterEagle.......64gr........2.50 Dime............... 41+gr...........10 Dollar............. 254-5-5 gr....... 1 Half Dime............ 20i gr...........05 Three Cent Piece...... 121 gr............03 COPPER AND NICKEL. Name. Weight. Value. Name. Weight. Value. Five Cent Piece.......77.16 gr..........$.05 Two Cent Piece.........96 gr...........$.02 Three Cent Piece...... 30. gr..........03 Cent....................48 gr............01 The standard of both gold and silver coins is, nine hundred parts of pure metal and one hundred parts of alloy by weight, the alloy of the silver coins to be copper, and of the gold, copper and silver, the silver not exceeding one half the whole alloy. The five and three cent pieces are composed of copper and nickel, the nickel not exceeding 25 per cent. The two cent piece and cent are composed of 95 per cent. copper and 5 per cent. tin and zinc. 222 [1869. Fineness. Value. Th.... 833 902 833 900 900 838 897 903.5 667 918.5 925 850 908 900.5 877 924.5 925 900 750 900 900 .9w 900 916 991 890 903 901 902.5 830 944 877 896 901 90.9 650 900 750 900 900 875 900 8.99 750 899 925 $1.02.3 1.02.6 51.1 48.6 73.1 1.02.11 98.0 79.1 39.2 1.02.5 18.9 1.00.2 1.06.8 98.2 1.10.7 23.0 22.4 98.0 72.7 72.9 41.7 41.7 88.1 46.6 37.6 3,3.8 1.06.6 1.06.2 1.05.5 95.3 1.03.3 1.10.7 198.0 1.06.2 94.8 38.3 98.2 72.7 72.9 1.05.8 'i9.4 98.0 20.3 1.11.5 39.5 62.5 87.0 27.6 1869.] NATIONAL SOCIETIES. 223 NATIONAL SOCIETIES. American Baptist Missionary Union, 12 Bedford St. Boston; Secretary, Jos. G. WARREN, D.D. American Baptist Home Missionary Society, 39 Park Row, New York; Secretary, J. S. BACKUS, D. D. American Bible Society, Bible House, Astor Place, New York; Secretary, JOSEPH HOLDICH, D. D. Next meeting 2d Thursday in May, 1869. American Bible Union, 350 Broome St., New York; Secretary, WILLIAM II. WYCHOFF, LL.D. American and Foreign Bible Society, 116 Nassau St., New York; Secretary, RuFus BABCOCK, D. D. American Board for Foreign Missions, Mission House, 33 Pemberton St., Boston; Secretary, SELAI B. TREAT, D. D. Next meeting 1st Tuesday in Oct., 186(9. American Colonization Society, Waslhington; Secretary, Rev. R. R. GURLEY. Next meeting 3d Tuesday in January, 1869. American Congregational Union, 49 Bible House, New York; President, LEONARD BACON, D. D.; Cor. Secretaries, RAY PALMER, D. D., N.Y.; Rev. CHRISTOPHER CU,SHING, Boston. American Dental Association; President, JONATRAN TAFT; Secretaiy, JAMES MCMANUS. Next meeting, 1st Tuesday in August, 1869, at Saratoga Springs. American Education Society, 15 Cornhill, Boston; President, Rev. SETR SWEETSER, D. D.; Secretary, Rev. INCREASE N. TARBOX. Next annual meeting, Monday, May 24, 186(9. American Female Guardian Society, 29 East 29th St., New York. American and Foreigni Christian Union, 27 Bible HIouse, New York; Secretary, Rev. JOSEPH SCUDDER. Next meeting Tuesday preceding 2d Thursday in May, 1869. American Free TradeLeague; Chairman, DAVID DUDLEY FIELD, Esq. Meetings monthly in New York. American Geographical and Statistical Society, Cooper Institute, New York; Chairman of the Council, Hon. F. A. CONKLING; Secretary, E. R. STRAZNICKY. American Ihome Missionary Society, Bible House, Astor Place, Newr York; President, THEODORE D. WOOLSEY, D. D.; Secretary, MILTON BADGER, D. D. lNext meeting Wednesday preceding 2d Thursday in May, 1869, in N.Y. American Institute, New York; founded in 1829, for the advancement of American Industry and Useful Arts, by Annual Exhibitions, Lectures, &c., &c.; holds weekly meetings of its Polytechnic and Farmers' Clubs. Presidenit, HORACE GREELEY; Corresponding Secretary, SAMUEL D. TILLMAN. Annual meeting, 1st Thursday in February; annual election, 2d Thursday in February. Location, (temporary), in Cooper Institute bulilding. American Institute of Instruction; President, JOHN KNEELAND, Boston; Secretary, D. W. JONES, Boston. Last annual meeting at Pittsfield, Mass., Aug. 1868. American Medical Convention; President, Dr. WILLIAM O. BALDWIN, of Alabama. Next meeting in New Orleans, May, 1869. American Missionary Association, 53 John St., New York; President, E. W. KIRK, D. D.; Secretary, Rev. GEORGE WHIPPLE. Last meeting at Sprilgfield, Oct.28, 1868. American Sunday School Union, 1122 Chestnut St., Philadelphia; Secretary, AUSTIN ALLIBONE, Esq. American Seamen's Friend Society, 80 Wa'l St., New York; President, WILLIAM A. BOOTH; Secretary, II. LOOMIs, D. D. Next meeting Monday preceding 2d Thursday in May. American Social Science Association; President, S.AMUEL ELLIOTT, Boston; Secretary, Mrs. SAMUEL PARKiMAN. Last meeting at Boston, Oct. 14, 1868. American Society for Meliorating the condition of the Jews, 23 Bible House, New York; Secretary, A. MERWIN. American Tract Society, 150 Nassau St., New York; Secretary, WILLIAM A. HALLECK, D. D. Next meeting Wednesday preceding 2d Thursday in May, 1869. American Tract Society at Boston, 28 Cornhill; Secretary, W. C. CHILDS, D. D. Next meeting last Wednesday in May, at Boston. African M. E. General Conference; Last meeting in May, at Washington. Association of National Board of Trade; President, E. W. Fox of St. Louis; Secretary, H. A. HILL, Boston. Next meeting at St. Louis, Feb. 19, 1869. Board of Foreign Missions of Presbyterian Church, 23 Centre St., New York; Secretary, Rev. JOHN C. LOWRIE. Domestic Mission German Reform Church, 493 North 4th St., Philadelphia; President, J. H. A. BOMBERGER, D. D.; Secretary, Rev. S. H. GIESY. Diocesan Synod of the Roman Catholic Church; last session in New York, Sept. 29, 1868, Archbishop MCCLOSKEY presiding. 224 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. Foreign Mission Reform Presbyterian Church, 636 North 17th St., Philadelphia; Rev. S. O. WYLIE, Chairman. General Convenltion Protestant Episcopal Church. Next meeting 1st Wednesday in Oct., 1869. General Assembly Presbyterian Church. Next meeting 3d Thursday in May, 1869. General Conference Methodist Episcopal Church, quadrennially in May. Last meeting in Chicago, May, 1868. General Synod Reformed Dutch Church. Next meeting 1st Wednesday in June. General Synod Evangelical Lutheran Church. Next meeting at Cincinnati, 2d Thursday in May, 1869. General Lutheran Societies at the same time and place. Hicksite Division of the Society of Friends; last annual meeting at New York, May 1868. International Labor Congress; President, WILLIAM H. SYLVIS, Philadelphia; Secretary, JoHN VINCENT, New York. Annual meeting 1st Monday in Oct. International Commercial Convention. Last meeting at Portland, Maine, Aug. 5, 1868. Liberal Christian Union; President, Rev. A. P. PUTN~MI; Corresponding Secretary, WILLIAM MELLEN; last meeting, May 6, 1868, at New York. Missionary Board of the M. E. Church South; last meeting at Louisville, Ky., Bishop PIERCE presiding, May 7, 1868; next meeting in St. Louis. Manufacturers' National Convention. Missionary Society of the M. E. Church, 35 Union Place, New York; President, Rev. Bishop MORRIS; Corresponding Secretary, Rev. JOHN P. DURBIN. National Temperance Society, 172 William St., New York, incorporated Jan. 1, 1866; President, WILLIAM E. DODGE; Secretary, Rev. J. B. DUNN; next annual meeting, first Wednesday in May, 1869. National Division of Sons of Temperance; M. W. P., ROBERT M. FOUST; M. W. Scribe, SAM'L W. HODGES; next meeting at Washington, D. C., June 9, 1869. National Christian Convention; President, Bishop DAVID EDWARDS, of Ohio; Secretary, Rev. A. A. PHELPS, A. M.; next annual meeting at Oberlin, Ohio. National Christian Convention; President, Rev. Dr. HOWARD CROSBY; Secretary, J. B. TYLER of New York; last meeting at New York, Nov. 11, 1868. National Association of Cotton Manufacturers and Planters; President, A. A. LAWRENCE of Boston; last meeting in Boston, June 10, 1868. National Institute of Letters, Arts and Sciences; President, WM. CULLEN BRYANT, New York; Secretary, CHAS. A. Joy, New York; last meeting at New York, June 11, 1868. National Board of Fire Underwriters; President, JAS. M. McLEAN; Secretary, W. CONNOR; next meeting, third Wednesday in April, 1869. North American Saengerbund; last festival at Chicago, June 17, 1868. Protestant Episcopal Convention; last meeting at Newark, N.J., May 28, 1868. Presbyterian General Assembly South; next meeting at Mobile, Alabama, third Thursday in May, 1869. Presbyterian Assembly, Old School; last meeting at Albany, May, 1868. Presbyterian Assembly, New School; last meeting at larrisburg, Pa., May, 1868. Right Worthy Grand Lodge of Good Templars; Templar, Mr. ORME of Massachusetts; Secretary, Mr. SPENCER of Ohio; last meeting at Richmiond, Ind., May 26, 1868. Seamenl's Protective Union; Mr. ALLEN, Chairman; last meeting held in New York, March 19, 1868. Tturners' National Convention; President, FRANZ LACiNEItR of Chicago; Secretary, HENRY HIUHN of Washington; last meeting, May 3, 18(;S8, at Boston. The Scliutzenfest; last meeting at New York, June 29-July 7, 1868. Western Social Science Association; Chairman, lonl. SHARON TYNDALE; last meeting at Chicano, Nov. 10, 1868. Working Women's Association; organized Sept. 17,1865; President, Mrs. ANNA TOBITT; Secretary, ELIZABETH C. BROWNE. Working Woman's Protective Union, 44 Franklin St., New York; President, CHARLES P. P. DALY; Secretary, Wxi. B. CROSBY. Woolen Manufacturer's Association of the North-West; President, GEORGE S. BOWEN; Secretary, ESSE MCALLIsTER; next meeting, first Wednesday ill February, 1869. Working Women's National Association, New York; President, Miss SUsAN B. ANTHONY, Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. CELIA BURLEIGH. Young Menl's Christian Association International Convention; President, II. THIANE MILLER, Cincinnati; Secretary, F. H. SMITH, Washington; Thirteenth annual meeting at Detroit, June 24, 1868. PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS. PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS. The first session of the fortieth Congress was much occupied with questions growing out of the relations of the government to the Southern states, and these or similar questions again came up for consideration and action at the session which commenced December 2, 1867. The bill conferring additional civil rights on the negro in the District of Columbia which passed both Houses in July, 1867, but failed to receive the approval of the President, was passed in the Senate on the 5th and in the House on the 9th of December, by large majorities in each branch. A bill abolishing the internal revenue tax on cotton, and another suspending the further contraction of the currency, passed the House, the first on the 4th and the last on the 7th of December; both afterwards passed the Senate. Various subjects of general or local interest were introduced, but the questions which awakened the deepest interest in the country and received the greatest attention during the session, were those relating to the Ilpeachment of the President, Reconstruction of the Southern States, and the Finances. IMPEACHMENT TRIAL. The subject of the impeachment of the President had been agitated at different times during 1867. On the 7th of January, Mr. Ashley of Ohio, in the House of Representatives, introduced the following proposition: "I do impeach Andrew Johnson, Vice-President and acting President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors. "I charge him with a usurpation of power and violation of law: "In that he has corruptly used the appointing power; "In that he has corruptly used the pardoning power; "In that he has corruptly used the veto power; "In that he has corruptly disposed of public property of the United States; "In that he has corruptly interfered in elections. and committed acts which, in contemplation of the Constitution, are high crimes and misdemeanors: Therefore, "Be it resolved, That the Committee on the Judiciary be, and they are hereby, authorized to inquire into the official conduct of Andrew Johnson, Vice-President of the United States, discharging the lpowers and duties of the office of President of the United States, and to report to this Honme wvleher, in their opinion, the said Andrew Johnson,'while in said office, has been guilty of acts n whici are designed or calculated to overthrow,. subvert or corrupt the Government of the United States, or any department or office thereof; and whether the said Andrew Johnson has )cers guilty of any act, or has conspired with others to do acts, which, in contemplation of the Constitutton, are high crimes and misdemeanors, requiring the interposition of the constittionai po1l er of this House; and that said committee have power to send for persons and paper.s, an( to administer the customary oath to v.itnesses." This resolution was adopted, by a vote of 107 to 38. The Judiciary Committee reported to the House on the 2d of March, that it had not concluded the investigation, but that in the opinion of the majority (ei,lit to one) "sufficient testimony had been brought to the notice of the committee to justify and demand a further prosecution of the investigatioii." This report was signed by Messrs. James F. Wilson, Francis Thomas, D IMoiris, F. E. Woodbridge, Geo. S. Boutwell, Thomas Williams, Burton C. Cook, and William Lawrence. IMr. A. J. Rogers presented a minority report, in which he stated that there was no " cvidence to sustain 15 1869.] 225 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. any of the charges which the House charged the committee to investigate," and that he could see "no good in a continuation of the investigation." The reports were laid on the table, and ordered to be printed. The thirtyninth Congress closed its session on the 4th of March, and the fortieth Congress commenced the same day. On the 7th of March, the Judiciary Committee were instructed to continue the investigation, which it did, and on the 25th of November, again reported; the majority, Messrs. Boutwell, Thomas, Williams, Lawrence, and Churchill in favor of impeachment, the other members in two separate minority reports, opposed thereto. Debate on these reports began in the House on the 5th of December, and was continued until the 7th, when the impeachment resolution was lost by a vote of 57 to 108. On the 10th of February, 1868, on motion of Mr. Thaddeus Stevens, the evidence taken on impeachment by the committee on the Judiciary, was referred to the Committee on Reconstruction, and the committee had leave to report s any time. Feb. 21, the subject was again introduced, when Mr. Covode of Pennsylvania offered the following resolution: Resolved, That Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors. This resolution was referred to the Committee on Reconstruction, together with the following communications, which had been laid before the House by the speaker: I Sia,-Gen. Thomas has just delivered to me a copy of the inclosed order, which you will~~ To the Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Washington, D.C. The same day a resolution firom the Senate relating to the removal of Mr. Stanton, was delivered to the President. It read as follows: IN EXECUTIVE SESSION, SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, Feb. 21, 1868. WHEREAS, The Senate have read and considered the communication of the President, stating that he had removed Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, and had designated the Adjutant General of the Army to act as Secretary of War ad interim; therefore, R?esolved, By the Senate of the United States, that under the Constitution and laws of the United States the President has no power to remove the Secretary of War and designate any other officer to perform the duties of that officer ad interim. Feb. 22, the Committee on Reconstruction, through their chairman, Mr. Stevens, made a report, in which, after alluding to the matters referred to the committee, they say: 226 [1869. Upon the evidence collected by the committee, which is hereafter presented, and in virtue of the powers with which they have been invested by the House, they are of the opinion that Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors. They, therefore, recommend to the House the adoption of the accompanying resolution: THADDEUS STEVENS, GEORGE S. BOUTWELL, JOHN A. BINGHAM, F. C. BlAMAN, C. T. HULBURD, JOIIN F. FARNSWORTH, H. E. PAINE. Reso,ved, That Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors. The report was discussed in the House, February 22, until 11 P. M., and resumied on Monday, the 24th, when, at the close of the discussion, the resolution was adopted-yeas, 128, nays, 47. Messrs. Thaddeus Stevens and John A. Bingham were appointed to notify the Senate, and another committee, consisting of Messrs. Boutwell, Thaddeus Stevens, Bingham, James F. Wilson, Logan, Julian, and Ward, was also appointed to prepare and report Articles of Impeachment. On the following day, Februa'y 25, Messrs. Stevens and Bingham appeared at the bar of the Senate and delivered the following message: "Mir. PRESIDENT,-By order of the House of Representatives, we appear at the bar of the Senate, and in the naenw of the IHouse of Pepresentatives and of all the people of the United States, we do imtpeachl Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors in office; and we further inform the Senate that the House of Representatives will in due time exhibit particular articles of impeachlment against him, and make good the same; and in their name we demand that the Senate take due order for the appearance of the said Andrew Johnson, to answer to the said Impeachment." The message was referred by the Senate to a select committee, and the chair appointed Messrs. Howard, Trumbull, Conkling, Edmunds, Morton, Pomeroy and Johnson. This commnittee reported rules to govern the Senate in the impeachment trial, which were adopted March 2. The House of Representatives, on the same day, adopted Articles of Impeachment. Articles exhibited by the House of Representatives of the United States, in the name of themseles and all the people of the United States, against Andrew Johnson, Preeident of the United States, in maintenance and support of their inepeachment against him for high crimses and misdemean ors in office. ARTICLE I. That the said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, on the 21st day of Fehruary, in the year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, unmindful of the high duties of his office, of his oath of office, and of the requirements of the Constitution that he should take care that the laws be faithfully executed, did unlawfully, and in violation of the Constitution and laws of the United States, issue an order in writing for the removal of Edwin M. Stanton from the office of Secretary for the Department of War, said Edwin M. Stanton having been theretofore duly appointed and commissioned, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States, as such Secretary, and said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, on the 12th day of August, in the year of our Lord 1867, and during the recess of said Senate, having suspended by his order Edwin M. Stanton from said office, and within twenty days after the first day of the next meeting of said Senate, that is to say, on the 12th day of December, in the year last aforesaid, having reported to said Senate such suspension with the evidence and reasons for his action in the case and the name of the person designated to perform the duties of such office temporarily until the next meeting of the Senate, and said Senate thereafterwards on the 13th day of January in the year of our Lord 1868, having duly considered the evidence and reasons reported by said Andrew Johnson for said suspen sion, and having refused to concur in said suspension, whereby and by force of the provisions of an act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices," passed March 2, 1867, said Edwin M. Stanton did forthwith resume the finctions of his office, whereof the said An drew Johnson had then and there due notice, and said Edwin M. Stanton, by reason of the 1S69.] IMPEACHMENT TRIAL. 227 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. premises, on said 21st day of February, being lawfully entitled to hold said office of Secretary for the Department of War, which said order for the removal of said Edwin M. Stanton is in substance as follows that is to say: EXEcUTIvE MANSI,ON, WASIIINGTON, D.C., Feb. 21,186S.3 Sm,-By virtue of the power and authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, you are hereby removed from office as Secretary for the D)epartmnclt of War, and your functions as such will terminate upon receipt of this communication. You will transfer to Brevet Major General Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant General of the Army, who has this day been authorized and empowered to act as Secretary of War ad interim, all records, books, papers, and other public property now in your custody and charge. Respectfully yours, ANDREW JOHNSON. To the Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Washington, D. C. Which order was unlawfully issued with intent then and there to violate the act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices," passed March 2, 1867, and with the further intent, contrary to the provisions of said act, in violation thereof, and contrary to the provisions of the Constitution of the United States, and without the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States, the said Senate then and there being in session, to remove said Edwin M. Stanton from the office of Secretary for the Department of War, the said Edwin M. Stanton being then and there Secretary for the Department of War, and being then and there in the due and lawful execution and discharge of the duties of said office, whereby said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did then and there commit, and was guilty of a high misdemeanor in office. ARTICLE II. That on the said 21st day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the high duties of his office, of his oath of office, and in violation of the Constitution of the United States, and contrary to the provisions of an act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices," passed March 2, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, without the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States, said Senate then and there being in session, and without authority of law, did, with intent to violate the Constitution of the United States, and the act aforesaid, issue and deliver to one Lorenzo Thomas a letter of authority in substance as follows, that is to say: EXECUTIVE MANSION, WASHIINGTON, D. C., Feb. 21, 1868. 1 SIR,-The Hon. Edwin M. Stanton having been this day removed from office as Secretary for the Department of War, you are hereby authorized and empowered to act as Secretary of War ad interim, and will immediately enter upon the discharge of the duties pertaining to that office. Mr. Stanton has been instructed to transfer to you all the records, books, papers, and other public property now in his custody and charge. Respectfully yours, ANDREW JOHNSON. To Brevet Major General Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant General U.S. Army, Washington, D. C. Then and there being no vacancy in said office of Secretary for the Department of War, whereby said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high misdemeanor in office. ARTICLE III. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, on the 21st day of February, in the year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, did comnmit and was guilty of a high misdemeanor in office, in this, that, without authority of law, while the Senate of the United States was then and there in session, he did appoint one Lorenzo Thomas to be Secretary for the Department of War ad interim, without the advice and consent of the Senate, and with intent to violate the Constitution of the United States, no vacancy having happened in said office of Secretary for the Department of War during the recess of the Senate, and no vacancy existing in said office at the time, and which said appointment so made by said Andrew Johnson, of said Lorenzo Thomas, is min substance as follows, that is to say: (Same as above). ARTICLE IV. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the high duties of his office and of his oath of office, in violation of the Constitution and laws of the United States, on the 21st day of February, in the year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, did unlawfully conspire with one Lorenzo Thomas, and with other persons to the House of Representatives unknown, with intent, by intimidation and threats, unlawfully to hinder and prevent Edwin M. Stanton, then and there the Secretary for the Department of War, duly appointed under the laws of the United States, from holding said office of Secretary for the Department of War, contrary to and in violation of the Constitution of the 228 [1869. United States, and of the provisions of an act entitled "An act to define and punish certain conspiracies," approved July 31, 1861, whereby said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high crime in office. ARTICLE V. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the high duties of his office and of his oath of office, on the 21st day of February, in the year of our Lord 1868, and on divers other days and times in said year, before the 2d day of March, in the year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, did unlawfully conspire with one Lorenzo Thomas, and with other persons to the House of Representatives unknown, to prevent and hinder the execution of an act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices," passed March 2, 1867, and in pursuance of said conspiracy did unlawfully attempt to prevent Edwin M. Stanton, then and there being Secretary for the Department of War, duly appointed and commissioned under the laws of the United States, from holding said office, whereby the said Andrew Jolmson, President of the United States, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high misdemeanor in office. ARTICLE VI. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the high duties of his office and of his oath of office, on the 21st day of February, in the year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, did unlawfully conspire with one Lo renzo Thomas, by force to seize, take and possess the property of the United States in the Department of War, and then and there in the custody and charge of Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary for said Department, contrary to the provisions of an act entitled "An act to define and punish certain conspiracies," approved July 31, 1861, and with intent to violate and disregard an act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices," passed March 2, 1867, whereby said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did then and there commit a high crime in office. ARTICLE VII. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the high duties of his office and of his oath of office, on the 21st day of February, in the year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, did unlawfully conspi:re with one Lorenzo Thomas, with intent unlawfully to seize, take and possess the property of the United States in the Department of War, in the custody and charge of Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary for said Department, with intent to violate and disregard the act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices," passed March 2, 1867, whereby said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did then and there commit a high misdemeanor in office. ARTICLE VIII. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the high duties of his office and of his oath of office, with intent unlawfully to control the disbursements of the moneys appropriated for the military service and for the Department of War, on the 21st day of February, in the year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, did unlawfully and contrary to the provisions of an act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices," passed March 2, 1867, and in violation of the Constitution of the United States, and without the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States. and while the Senate was then and there in session, there being no vacancy in the office of Secretary for the Department of War, and with intent to violate and disregard the act aforesaid, then and there issue and deliver to one Lorenzo Thomas a letter of authority in writing, in substance as follows, that is to say: (Same as foregoing). Whereby said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high misdemeanor in office. ARTICLE IX. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, on the 22d day of February, in the year of our Lord 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, in disregard of the Constitution and the laws of the United States duly enacted, as commander-in-chief of the army of the United States, did bring before himself then and there WiLiam II. Emory, a major general by brevet in the army of the United States, actually in command of the department of Washington and the military forces thereof, and did then and there, as such commander-in-chief, declare to and instruct said Emory that part of a law of the United States, passed March 2, 1867, entitled "An act making appropriations for the support of the army for the year ending June 30, 1868, and for other purposes," especially the second section thercof, which provided, among other things, that, "all orders and instructions relating to military operations issued by the President or Secretary of War, shall be issued through the General of the army, and in case of his inability through the next in rank," was unconstitutional, and in contravention of the commission of said Emory, and which said provision of law had been theretofore duly and legally promulgated by General Order for the government and direction of the army of the United States, as the said Andrew Johnson then and there well knew, with intent thereby to induce said Emory in his official capacity as commander of the depa-tmiei.t of WVashington, to violate the provisions of said act, and to take and receive, act upcn, and c,by such orders as 1869.] IMPEACH-NIENT TRIAL. 229 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. he, the said Andrew Johnson, might make and give, and which should not be issued through the General of the army of the United States, according to the provisions of said act, and with the further intent thereby to enable him, the said Andrew Johnson, to prevent the execution of the act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices," passed March 2, 1867, and to unlawfully prevent Edwin M. Stanton, then being Secretary for the Department of War, from holding said office and discharging the duties thereof, whereby said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high misdemeanor in office. And the House of Representatives, by protestation, saving to themselves the liberty of exhibiting at any time hereafter any further articles or other accusation, or impeachment against the said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, and also of replying to his answers which he shall make unto the articles herein preferred against him, and of offering proof to the same, and every part thereof, and to all and every other article, accusation, or impeachment which shall be exhibited by them, as the case shall require, DO D:EMAND that the said Andrew Johnson may be put to answer the high crimes and misdemeanors in office herein charged against him, and that such proceedings, examinations, trials, and judgments may be thereupon had and given as may be agreeable to law and justice. MIarch 3, the following additional articles of impeachment were agreed to, viz.: ARTICLE X. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the high duties of his office and the dignity and proprieties thereof, and of the harmony and courtesies which ought to exist and be maintained between the executive and legislative branches of the government of the United States, designing and intending to set aside the rightful authority and powers of Congress, did attempt to bring into disgrace, ridicule, hatred, contempt and reproach the Congress of the United States, and the several branches thereof, to impair and destroy the regard and respect of all the good people of the United States for the Congress and legislative power thereof, (which all officers of the Government ought inviolably to preserve and maintain), and to excite the odium and resentment of all the good people of the United States against Congress and the laws by it duly and constitutionally enacted; and in pursuance of his said design and intent, openly and publicly, and before divers assemblages of the citizens of the United State! convened in divers parts thereof to meet and receive said Andrew Johnson as the Chief Magistrate of the United States, did, on the 18th day of August, in the year of our Lord 1866, and on divers other days and times, as well before as afterward, make and deliver with a loud voice certain intemperate, inflammatory, and scandalous harangues, and did therein utter loud threats and bitter menaces as well against Congress as the laws of the United States duly enacted thereby, amid the cries, jeers and laughter of the multitudes then assembled and in hearing, which are set forth in the several specifications hereinafter written, in substance and effect, that is to say: SPECIFICATION FIRST. In this, that at Washington, in the District of Columbia, in the Executive Mansion, to a committee of citizens who called upon the President of the United States, speaking of and concerning the Congress of the United States, said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, heretofore, to wit, on the 18th day of August, in the year of our Lord 1866, did, in a loud voice, declare in substance and effect, among other things, that is to say: "So far as the executive department of the government is concerned, the effort has been made to restore the Union, to heal the breach, to pour oil into the wounds which were consequent upon the struggle, and (to speak in common phrase) to prepare as the learned and wise physician would, a plaster healing in character and coextensive with the wound. We thought, and we think, that we had partially succeeded; but as the work progresses, as reconstruction seemed to be taking place, and the country was becoming reunited, we found a disturbing and marring element opposing us. In alludiing to that element, I shall go no further than your convention and the distinguished gentleman who has delivered to me the report of its proceedings. I shall make no reference to it that I do not believe the time and the occasion justify. "We have witnessed in one department of the Government every endeavor to prevent the restoration of peace. harmony, and Union. We have seen hanging upon the verge of the Government, as it were, a body called, or which assumes to be, the Congress of the United States. while in fact it is a Congress of only a part of the States. We have seen this Congress pretend to be for the Union, when its every step and act tended to perpetuate disunion and make a disruption of the States inevitable. * * * We have seen Congress gradually encroach step by step upon constitutional rights. and violate, day after day and month after month fundamental principles of the government. We have seen a Congress that seemed to forget that there was a limit to the sphere and scope of legislation. We have seen a Congress in a minority assume to exercise power which, allowed to be consummated, would result in despotism or monarchy itself." 230 [1869. IMPEACHMENT TRIAL. SPECIFICATION SECOND. In this, that at Cleveland, in the State of Ohio, heretofore, to wit, on the 3d day of September, in the year of our Lord 1866, before a public assemblage of citizens and others, said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, speaking of and concerning the Congress of the United States, did, in a loud voice, declare in substance and effect, among other things, that is to say: I will tell you what I did do. I called upon your Congress, that is tryini to break up the government. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "In conclusion, beside that, Congress had taken much pains to poison their constituents against him. But what had Congress done? Have they done anything to restore the union of these States? No; on the contrary, they had done everything to prevent it; and because he stood now where he did when the rebellion commenced, he had been denounced as a traitor. Who had run greater risks or made greater sacrifices than himself? But Congress, factious and domineering, had undertaken to poison the minds of the American people." SPECIFICATION THIRD. In this, that at St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, heretofore, to wit, on the 8th day of September, in the year of our Lord 1866, before a public assemblage of citizens and others, said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, speaking of and concerning the Congress of the United States, did, in a loud voice, declare, in substance and effect, among other things, that is to say: "Go on. Perhaps if you had a word or two on the subject of New Orleans you might understand more about it than you do. And if you will go back-if you will go back and ascertain the cause of the riot at New Orleans perhaps you will not be so prompt in calling out' New Orleans.' If you will take up the riot at New Orleans, and trace it back to its source or its immediate cause, you will find out who was responsible for the blood that was shed there. If you will take tp the riot at New Orleans and trace it back to the radical Congress, you will find that the riot at New Orleans was substantially planned. If you will take up the proceedings in their caucuses you will understand that they there knew that a convention was to be called which was extinct by its power having expired; that it was said that the intention was that a new government was to be organized, and on the organization of that government the intention was to enfranchise one portion of the population, called the colored population, who had just been emancipated, and at the same time disfranchise white men. When you design to talk about New Orleans, you ought to understand what you are talking about. When you read the speeches that were made, and take up the facts on the Friday and Saturday before that convention sat, you will there find that speeches were made incendiary in their character, exciting that portion of the population, the black population, to arm themselves and prepare for the shedding of blood. You will also find that that convention did assemble in violation of law, and the intention of that convention was to supersede the reorganized authorities in the State government of Louisiana, which had been recognized by the Government of the United States; and every man engaged in that rebellion in that convention, with the intention of superseding and upturning the civil government which had been recognized by the Government of the United States, I say that he was a traitor to the Constitution of the United States, and hence you find that another rebellion was commenced, having its origin in the radical Congress. * * * "So much for the New Orleans riot. And there was the cause and the origin of the blood that was shed; and every drop of blood that was shed is upon their skirts, and they are responsible for it. I could test this thing a little closer, but will not do it here to-night. But when you talk about the causes and consequences that resulted from proceedings of that kind, perhaps, as I have been introduced here, and you have provoked questions of this kind, though it does not provoke me, I will tell you a few wholesome things that have been done by this radical Congress in connection with New Orleans and the extension of the elective franchise. "I know that I have been traduced and abused.'I know it has come in advance of me here as elsewhere-that I have attempted to exercise an arbitrary power in resisting laws that were intended to be forced upon the Government; that I had exercised that power; that I had abandoned the party that elected me, and that I was a traitor, because I exercised the veto power in attempting, and did arrest for a time, a bill that was called a'Freedmen's Bureau' bill; yes, that I was a traitor. And I have been traduced, I have been slandered I have been maligned, I have been called Judas Iscariot, and all that. Now, my countrymen, here to-night it is very easy to indulge in epithets; it is easy to call a man Judas and cry out traitor, but when he is called upon to give arguments and facts, he is very often found wanting. Judas Iscariot-Judas. There was a Judas, and he was one of the twelve Apostles. Oh T! yes, the twelve Apostles had a Christ. The twelve Apostles had a Christ, and he never could have had a Judas unless he had had twelve Apostles. If I have played the Judas, who has been my Christ that I have played the Judas with? Was it Thad. Stevens? Was it Wendell Phillips? Was it Charles Sumner? These are the men that- stop and compare themselves with the Saviour; and everybody that differs with them in opinion, and to try to stay and arrest their diabolical and nefarious policy, is to be denounced as a Judas. * * * * * * * "Well, let me say to you, if you will stand by me in this action, if you will stand by me in trying to give the people a fair chance-soldiers and citizens-to participate in these offices, God being willing, I will kick them out. I will kick them out just as fast as I can. "Let me say to you, in'concluding, that what I have said I intended to say. I was not provoked into this, and I care not for their menaces, the taunts, and the jeers. I care not for threats. I do not intend to be bullied by my enemies nor overawed by my friends. But, God willing, with your help, I will veto their measures whenever any of them come to me." Which said utterances, declarations, threats, and harangues, highly censurable in any, are peculiarly indecent and unbecoming in the Chief Magistrate of the United States, by means 1869.1 231 TIlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. whereof said Andrew Johnson has brought the high office of the President of the United States into contempt, ridicule, and disgrace, to the great scandal of all good citizens, whereby said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did commit, and was then and there guilty of a high misdemeanor in office. ARTICLE XI. That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the high duties of his office, and of his oath of office, and in disregard of the Constitution and laws of the United States, did, heretofore, to wit, on the 18th day of August, A. D. 18(16, at the city of Washington, and the District of Columbia, by public speech, declare and affirm, in substance, that the Thirty-Ninth Congress of the United States was not a Congress of the United States authorized by the Constitution to exercise legislative power under the same, but, on the contrary, was a Congress of only part of the States, thereby denying, and intending to deny, that the legislation of said Congress was yalid or obligatory upon him, the said Andrew Johnson, except in so far as he saw fit to approve the same, and also thereby denying, and intending to deny, the power of the said Thirty-Ninth Congress to propose amendments to the Constitution of the United States; and, in pursuance of said declaration, the said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, afterwards, to wit, on the 21st day of February, A. D. 1868, at the city of Washington, in the District of Columbia, did, unlawfully, and in disregard of the requirement of the Constitution, that he should take care that the laws be faithfully executed, attempt to prevent the execution of an act entitled "An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices," passed March 2, 1867, by unlawfully devising and contriving, and attempting to devise and contrive means by which he should prevent Edwin M. Stanton from forthwith resuming the functions of the office of Secretary for the Department of War, notwithstanding the refusal of the Senate to concur in the suspension theretofore made by said Andrew Johnson of said Edwin M. Stanton from said office of Secretary for the Department of War; and, also, by further unlawfully devising and contriving, and attempting to devise and contrive, means, then and there, to prevent the execution of an act entitled "An act making appropriations for the support of the army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868, and for other purposes," approved March 2, 1867; and, also, to prevent the execution of an act entitled "An act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel States," passed March 2, 1867, whereby the said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, did then, to wit, on the 21st day of February, A. D. 1868, at the city of Washington, commit, and was guilty of, a high misdemeanor in office. The vote on these articles was as follows: On the first, sixth, seventh and eig7lth, yeas 127, nays 42; on the second and tlird, yeas 124, nays, 41; on the fourt7t, yeas 117, nays 40; on the ninth, yeas 108, nays 41; on the tenth, yeas 88, nays 44; on the eleventh, yeas 109, nays 32. Messrs. John A. Bingham, George S. Boutwell, James F. Wilson, Benjamin F. Butler, Thomas Williams, John A. Logan and Thaddeus Stevens were elected managers to conduct the impeachment, and they presented the foregoing Articles to the Senate, March 4. On the 5th, the Senate was organized as a Court of impeachment, Chief Justice Chase presiding, and on the 7th, the summons requiring the President to appear and answer the articles, was served upon him. He employed as counsel, Messrs. Henry Stanberry, B. R. Curtis, Thomas A. R. Nelson, William.M. Evarts and W. S. Groesbeck. His counsel entered his appearance the 13th, and on the 23d, returned answer to the articles. The replication of the managers was presented on the 24th, and on Monday, March 30, the trial began, Mr. Butler making the opening argument on the part of the managers The testimony on the part of the prosecution was then introduced, occupying the time until April 4, when at the request of the President's counsel, the case was adjourned until April 9. MIr. Curtis then made the opening argument for the defense, concluding on the o10th, and the testimony introduced on the part of the President occupied the time until April 18. Further testimony was introduced by both sides, and the argument began April 22, when IMr. Boutwell on the partiof 232 [1869. RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTHERN STATES. the managers commenced to sum up the case. The arguments of both sides were concluded May 6. The next two days were spent by the Senate in deliberation, determining rules, form of questions, &c. The final vote was to have been taken May 12, but in consequence of the illness of a Senator, it was deferred until the 16th. It was then ordered that a vote be taken on the eleventh article first. The vote was "guilty," 35, "not guilty," 19, as follows: For Conviction. Messrs. Anthony, Cameron, Cattell, Chandler, Cole, Conkling, Conness, Corbett, Cragin, Drake, Edmunds, Ferry, Frelinghuysen, Harlan, Howard, HIowe, Morg,an, Morrill (MIe.), Morrill (Vt.), Morton, Nye, Patterson (N. H.), Pomeroy, Ramsey, Sherman, Sprague, Stewart, Sumner, Thayer, Tipton, Wade, Willey, Williams, Wilson, Yates. For Acquittal. Messrs. Bayard, Buckalew, Davis, Dixon, Doolittle, Fessendenl, Fowler, Grimes, Henderson, IHendricks, Johnson, McCreery, Norton, Patterson (Tenn.), Ross, Saulsbury, Trumbull, Van Winkle, Vickers. May 26, the second and third articles were voted upon with the same result as on the eleventh, when a motion was made and carried that the Court adjourn sine die. Judgment of acquittal was then entered by the Chief Justice on the three articles voted upon, and the Senate sitting as a Court of Impeachment was declared adjourned without day. RIECONSTRUCTION IN THIE SOUTHERN STATES. The Thirty-ninth Congress by act of March 2, 1867, provided a government for the insurrectionary States by dividing them into military districts, and making them subject to the military authority of the United States. For this purpose, Virginia constituted the 1st District, North Carolina and South Carolina the 2d, Georgia, Alabama and Florida the 3d, Mississippi and Arkansas the 4th, and Louisiana and Texas the 5th. To each of these Districts a General of the Army was assigned, with a sufficient military force to protect all persons in their rights of person and property, to suppress insurrection, disorder and violence, and to punish all disturbers of the public peace. The act had also the following provisions: When the people of any one of said Rebel States shall have formed a constitution and governmelt in conformity with the Constitution of the United States in all respects, framed by a convention of delegates elected by the male citizens of said State 21 years old and upward, of whatever race, color or previous condition, who have been resident hi said State for one year previous to the day of such election, except such as may be disfranchised for participation in the Rebellion or for felony at common law, and when such constitution shall provide that the elective franchise shall be enjoyed by all such persons as have the qualifications herein stated for electors of delegates, and when such constitution shall be ratified by a majority of the persons voting on the question of ratification who are qualified as electors for delegates, and when such constitution shall have been submitted to Congress for examination and approval, and Congress shall have approved the same, and when said State by vote of its Legislature elected under said constitution shall have adopted the Amendment to the Constitution of the United States proposed by the XXXIXth Congress, and known as Article 14, and when said article shall have become part of the Constitution of the United States, said State shall be declared entitled to representation in Congress, and Senators and Representatives shall be admitted therefrom on their taking the oath prescribed by law, and then and thereafter the preceding sections of this act shall be inoperative in said State. Provided, That no person excluded from the privilege of holding office by said proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States shall be eligible to election as a member of the convention to frame a constitution for any of said Rebel States, nor shall any such person vote for members of such convention. SEC. 6. Until the people of the said Rebel States shall by law be admitted to representation to the Congress of the United States, all civil governments that may exist therein shall be 1869.] 233 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. deemed provisional only, and shall be in all respects subject to the paramount authority of the United States, at any time to abolish, modify, control, and supersede the same, and in all elections to any office under such provisional governments all persons shall be entitled to vote under the provisions of the fifth section of this act. And no person shall be eligible to any office under such provisional governments who would be disqualified from holding office under the provisions of the third article of said Constitutional Amendment. Under this act, the President appointed as commanders of the Military Districts: For the 1st, Major General John M. Schofield; for the 2d, Major General Daniel E. Sickles; for the 3d, Major General John Pope; for the 4th, Major General E. O. C. Ord; and for the 5th, Major General Philip H. Sheridan. By order of the President, before the close of the year, most of these commanders were removed and others appointed in their places. A supplemental act of March 23, directed the commanding General in each District to cause a registration to be made of the male citizens qualified to vote by the provisions of the act. After the completion of the registration, an election was held to choose delegates to a convention for the purpose of establishing a constitution and civil government in each State, and also to vote for or against a convention. Ulnder these acts and a second supplementary reconstruction act of July 19, 1867, and the amendatory act of March 11, 1868, Arkansas, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina framed and adopted constitutions of State government, and they were admitted to representation in Congress as States of the Union, by the acts of June 22 and June 25, 1868. (For the Specific Acts adnmittiig these States, see "Public Acts," page246.) Soon after the passage of the above acts, the commanders of the Military Districts in which these States were situated, withdrew the military authority, and civil rule was again established. In most cases, to facilitate the inauguration of the executive officers elected in the different States, they were appointed by the military commanders to the positions they were to occupy, before the meeting of the legislatures. The number registered in each State. and the election returns under the reconstruction acts were as follows: REGISTRATION OF VOTERS. Whites. Colared. Total. Whites. Colored. Total. Alabama.......... 61,295....104,518....165,813 Mississippi.......... 139,690 Arkansas....................... 66,831 North Carolina...106,721.... 72,932....179,653 Florida.......... 11,914.... 16,089.... 28,003 South Carolina... 46,882.... 80,550....127,432 Georgia.......... 96,333.... 95.168....191,501 Texas............ 59,633.... 49,497....109,130 Louisiana.........45,218.... 84,436....129,654 Virginia..........120,101....105,832....225,933 VOTES ON CALLING CONISTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. FOR CONVENTION. Whites. Colored. Total. Alabama............18,553.... 71,730..... 90,283 Arkansas........................ 27,576 Florida.............. 1,220.... 13,080...... 14,300 Georgia..............32,000.... 70,283.... 102,283 Louisiana....................40. 75,083 Mississippi...................... 69,739 North Carolina......31,284......61,722..... 93,006 South Carolina..... 2,350......66,418..... 68,768 Texas.................7,757.... 36,932..... 44,689 Virginia.............14,835.... 92,507......107,242 AGAINST CONVENTION. Whites. Colored. Total. Total Vote. 5,583............ 5,583...... 96,866 ............ 13,558...... 41,134 203............ 203...... 14,.503 4,000...... 127...... 4,127...... 106,410 ........... 4,006...... 7i9,174 ............ 6,277...... 76,016 32,961............ 32,961...... 125,96q 2,278............ 2,278...... 71,046 10,622...... 818......11,440...... 56,129 61,249...... 638......61,887...... 169,229 234 [1869. VOTES OxN RATIFICATION OF CONSTITUTIOXNS RECOMMENDED BY CONVENTIONS. Adoption.. Rejection. Total Vote. Date of Election. Alabama......................70,812........ 1,005........ 71,817....... February 4, 1868. Arkansas..........................27,913........ 26,597....... 54,510........ March 15, 1868. Florida.............................14,520........ 9,491........ 24,011........May 4,1868. Georgia............................89,007........71,309........160,16........April 20, 1868. Louisiana..........................66,152...... 48.739....... 114,891......April 17, 1868. NorthCarolina.....................93,084...... 74,015...... 167,099........ April 21, 1868. South Carolina.....................70,758........ 27,288........ 98,046...... April 14, 1868. 3Iississippi, Texas and Virginia having failed to comply with the requirements of the reconstruction acts, have not been admitted to representation in Congress. In Texas and in portions of other Southern States, the lawlessness of some districts has required the presence of the military force of the General Government to preserve peace and order. A special committee of the Texas Constitutional Convention reported, July 21, 1868, 1,035 homicides committed in Texas in three years, of which 319 were committed in 1868. FINANCES. During the year 1867, the aspect of the finances was much improved by the consolidation of the public debt, and a reduction of its amount. From December 1, 1866, to December 1, 1867, the Legal Tender notes had been reduced upwards of $107,000,000 by a gradual contraction of the currency. This measure had been urged by the Secretary of the Treasury in his report as necessary for the maintenance of the credit of the government, and as advantageous to the industrial and social interests of the country; but a wide difference of opinion existed both in the public mind and among members of Congress, in regard to this policy. Some persons advocated continued contraction, while others opposed it; the latter urging that there was no excess of money in the country, all being needed for the movement of crops, and the uses of healthful trade. One party favored the suppression of "Greenbacks," or Government notes, while another advocated an increase of these and a withdrawal of National Bank notes. Congress repealed the law giving the Secretary power to reduce the currency, January 1, 1868. A difference of opinion also existed in reference to the mode of payment of the National loans, especially the bonds known as "Five-twenties." There were some who recommended the payment of the principal as it became due in legal tender notes, while others urged that the faith of the nation was pledged to the full payment of principal and interest in coin. Various measures were brought before Congress, and the question entered very largely into the discussion of political questions in the Presidential campaign of 1868, but no decisive measures were passed by Congress. The whole subject of Currency and Finance will be discussed in another place, in.a paper prepared expressly for this volume, and we simply add here the following statistical tables. They serve to present the condition of the finances of the countiy, and exhibit the changes in duties levied on leading articles, the receipts and expenditures of the government, the public debt at different dates, the kinds of United States bonds, the number and condition of the National Banks, and the debts of the several States. 189.] FINANCES. 235 236 ~~THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [89 - — -- - - - 10 L - - - - - —---------------------— — 10 .10 -. — -- -: - i — ~.: C, 666 0 GIQ E- Go t*j * I I I I i 236 [1869. n ". R a 10 G4 13 9L e v - - - 16149 n R .9 n a 19 a R 11 z i ,. 4 --- - ' - N 4 0, "i x, g I L. I - I . - 6 - 4 r - et, >, t A 0 0 4 G A A IL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF THE TREASURY OF TE[E UNITED STATES FOR TIIE FISCAL YEAR WIIICH ENDED JUNE 30, 1868. RECEIPTS. Balance in the Treasury, July 1,1S7 1.................................$170,868,814.40 From Customs, (gold)..................................$164,464,599.56 Internal Revenue................................*191,087,589.41 Public Lands............................................... 1,348,715.41 " Direct Tax.................................................. 1,788,145.85 Miscellaneous sources, Premium on Gold, &c., (incliling $7,078,203.42 for premium on 5-20 and 10-40 Bonds)......... 46,949,033.09 Total ordinary Receipts............................... 405,f638,083.32 " Loans...........................................................625,111,433.20 Total Receipts........................................ $1,201,618.330.92 EXPENDITURES. For Civil Service..................................................$53,009,867.67 "Pensions and Indiatis......................................... 27,SS883,069.10 War, including Bounties......................................123,246,648.62 Navy.............................................25,775,502.72 $229,915,08.,811 Interest on Public D e b t........................................ 140,424,045.7! Premium on Treasury Notes per Acts of Jqne 30, 1864, and March 3, 1865................................................ 7,001,151.04 Redemption of Public Debt, exclusive of Interest............ 692,549,68.5.88 Total Expenditures................................... $1,069,889,970.74 Amount transferred to Register................................... $893,922.22 Balance in Treasury, June 30, 186S, agreeably to warrants.........180,8.34,487.96 $1,201,61728,360.9218 $1,201,618,330.92 * The receipts from Internal Revenue were derived as follows: From Taxes on Raw Cotton.......................................$22,500,947.77 Distilled Liquors, (including $871,638 from apples, peaches, and grapes)............................ 14,280,730.98 " " Fermented Liquors............................... 5,685,663.70 Tobacco, Cigars and Snuff......................... 18,644,091.03 " Manufactures of Iron.............................. 2,674,364.93 " Other Manufactures............................... 36,488,709.81 $100,27,4,508.22 " " Sales.............................................. $4,837,900.33 " Sales of S t a m p s............................................ 14,852,252.02 " Taxes on Watches, Carriages, Silver Plate, Billiard Tables, 1,140,370.35 Special Taxes, (Licen ses).................................. 16,364,547.28 Taxes on Incomes of Individuals, (including salaries, $1, va4.;b61'.40).........33,071,172.18 Incomes of Banks, Railroad! and Insurance Co's.. 8,384,426.18 " Gross receipts of Railroads, Telegraph and Express Companies, &c.................................. 6,280,069.34 " Bank circulation and deposits..................... 1,866,745.55 " " Legacies and successions.......................... 2,823,411.24 " " Passports......................................... 28,280.00 " Fines, Penalties, &c....................................... 1,256,881.59 90,906,056.06 Total receipts during the fiscal year 1868................ $191,180,564.28 [A discrepancy will be noticed between the amount received by the office of Internal Revenue ($191,180,564.28), and by the United States Treasury ($191,087,589). The difference is due to the fact that the same receipts are not entered upon the books of the two offices on the same day]. 169.] FLNANCES. 237 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. IIL TABLE SHOWING THE ORDINARY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES of the United States Treasury for the fiscal year which ended June 30, 1868, as compared with those of the fiscal year 1867. [Prepared expressly for this work, by EDWARD YOUNIG]. RECEIPTS. In the fiscal year 1867. In the fiscal year 186. Increase. Decrease. From Customs (gold)........... $176,417,810.88 $164,464,599.56............ $11,953,211.32 Internal Revenue......... 265,920,474.65 191,087,589.41............ 74,832,885.24 Publ)lic Lands............. 1,163,575.76 1,348,715.41 $185,139.65............ Direct Tax................ 4,200,233.70 1,788,145.85............ 2,412,087.85 " Miscellaneous Sources.... 42,824,852.50 46,949,033.09 4,124,180.59............ $405,638,083.32 $4,309,320.24 Net decrease, 17.3 per cent..................... 84,888,864.17 84,888,864.17 $490,526,947.49 $490,526,947.49 $89,198,184.41 $89,198,184.41 For Civil Service............... " Pensions and Indians....... " War, including Bounties.... " Navy....................... " Interest on Public Debt.... "Premium on Treasury Notes Net increase, 8.8 per cent....... $377,340,284.86 $377,340,284.86 $39,227,210.05 $39,227,210.05 IV. TABLE SHOWING THE ESTIMATED SALES OF MERCHANDISE, (exclusive of sales by wholesale and retail liquor dealers, apothecaries, cattle-brokers, &c.), in the following States, computed from the receipts of Internal Rev enue in the fiscal year 1868. By Auctioneers. By C'mercial Brokers. $60,868,240 $,3853,029,300 15,295,530 55,991,180 23,417,390 49,303,920 7,241,180 4,882,540 10,981,010 9,928,500 3,105,280 26,071,200 13,853,290 5,767,120 10,529,980 6,838,300 6,706,560 7,272,400 1,105,030 191,740 2,367,180 322,080 2,286,720 639,500 10,698,700 2,159,540 1,249,700 281,100 1,183,670 219,18 0 628,470 309,920 1,558,840 4,561,020 1,275,650 13,924,140 657,140 7,817,360 506,100 282,560 4,009,650 1,888,380 89.)5,930 134,020 910,370 318,060 1,130,190 215,940 810,720 10,068,180 235,840 38,760 238 [1869. I. th. fi...l y. 1867. $51,110,027.27 25 1579,083.48 95,224,415.63 81,034,011.04 143,781.591.91 ............ 30,611,155.53 $377,340,284.86 I. th fi..l ye., 1868. $53,009,867.67 27,883,069.10 123,246,648.(;2 25,775,502.72 140,424,045.71 7,001,151.04 ............ $377,340,284.86 $1,899,840.40 2,303,985.62 1 28,022,232.99 ............ ............ 7,001,151.04 ............ $39,227,210.05 D.,.... ............ ............ 3, 357,546.20 O'' 6' l' 1','I'5'5'. 5''3 $39,227,210.05 EXPE'-\-DITURES. STATES. B, Whl.I. D.g... $2,318,451,070 822,675 1 740 527,405,630 427,639,500 279,361,590 162,160,710 188,483,290 135,770,050 96,643,820 50,595,020 60,062,470 69,179,470 07,320,340 41,844,480 4.5,953,270 36,872,640 52,907,560 44,282,950 41,442,840 33,480,210 35,585,290 23,763,340 13,911,230 11,927,690 13,202,8,90 By R.t.il De.l..., $428,991,660, 186,846,408. 3.1)2,250,556 182,81.0,292 197,424,311 74,665,368 81,297,156 47,367,264 37,450,932 7,3,338,816 104,432,616 87,969,900 74,074,848 73,658,004 70,586,784 53,000,976 48,921,972 19,045,572, 27,130,944 39,248,340 39,744,732 19,470,900 26,048,832 27,216,156 20,704,512 22,259,232 New York.................. Massachtisetts.............. Pennsylvania............... Illinois...................... Ohio........................ Maryland................... 3lissoiiri.................... Califori-iia................... Louisiana................... Wisconsin.................. Indiana..................... New Jersey................. Kentucky................... Michigan................... 1 Iowa........................ Maine....................... Tennessee. Rho Islaii Georgia" i;t.., I.............. Connectic................ VirVinia.................... Alabama.................... South Carolina.............. New Hampshire............ Texas....................... Minnesota..................... V. TABLE SHowING THE AGGREGATE SALES OF MERCHANDISE (including liquors), in the United States during the fiscal year which ended June 30, 1868, deduced from the receipts of Internal Revenue. [Prepared expressly for this work, by EDWARD YOUNG]. Estimated Sales of ;Merchandise in the fiscal year 1868. Special Tax or License. LICENSES. $10 when annual sales not over $25,000 averaged at $10,000.... 10 " $25,000, " 15,000.... 10 " 10,000 tax=1-10 of 1 per cent. 10 " 25,000 averaged at $10,000.... 50 ".50,000 tax=1-10 of 1 per cent. 10 " 25,000 averaged at $12,000.... 100 " 50,000 tax=1-5 of 1 per cent. 25 " 25,000 averaged at $12,500.... SALES. One-tenth of one per cent.............. .............. .............. One-twentieth of one per cent.......... One-tenth of one per cent.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. $58,377,460 255,207,615 189,922,040 9,852,110 1,854,387',800 2,596,358,400 296 022,560 *,1621',457,655 1,489,790 186,727,500 110,858,960 572,876,920 5,796,710 67,760 4,002,655,990 241,991 290 1,642,540 $12,005,693.100 Esticoted Soles to Bottoocted Sales in Branches of Business. Estimated Sales in the fiscal year 1868. $59,867,250 186,727,500 300,781,000 572,876,920 261,004,325 9,919,870 5,857,043,790 2,59(;,358,400 538,013,850 1,621,457,655 1,642,540 $12,005,693,100 ~ 505,495,214 $12,511,188,314 Apothecaries........................... Auctioneers............................ Brokers, Cattle......................... Brokers, Commercial................... Butchers................................ Confectioners.......................... Dealers, wholesale.................... Dealers, retail......................... Dealers. wholesale liquor............... Dealers, retail liquor.................... Plumbers, &c.......................... Net decrease ofbusiness in'68.4.04 per c $306,785,793 $812,281,070 VI. PUBLIC DEBT. On the following page, in the statement of the Public Debt of the United States, the amount from 1791 to 1842, is given for January 1; from 1843 to 1847, and for 1853, 1854, and from 1857 to 1860, for July 1; for 1849 and 1850, December 1; 1851, November 20; 1852, December 30; and from 1861 to 1869 at different dates as given in the table compiled from the Treasury statement. * This amount includes all kinds of merchandise, including liquors sold by retail liquor dealers, cigars, tobacco, groceries, &c. No official return of the retail Vales of liquors alone, is made; but the following estimnate is nearly accurate. The receipts from licenses indicate that there were at least 129,716 retail liquor dealers in the United States, whose annual sales of liquors may be estimated at about $5,OOU0each, malting the aggregate sales of liquor $648,580,000 in the year ending June 30, 1868. 0 1869.] FLNANCES. 239 I.t",..l R,. R...,!Pt.,. B-.h. f $58,377.46 170,138.41 189,922.04 9,832.11 1,854,387.80 2,163,632.00 592,045.12 3,242,915.31 Apothecaries............. Butchers................. Cattle brokers............ Confectioners............ '.)ealers, wholesale....... Dealers, retail............ Dealers, wholesale liquor. Dealers, retail liquor..... Apothecaries............. Auctioneers.............. Brokers, Cattle........... Brokers, Commercial Butchers................. Confectioners............ Dealers.................. Dealers in liquors........ Plumbers................ 1,489.7 186,727.5 110.858.9 286,438.4 5,796.71 67.7 4,002,655.9 241,991.2 1,642.5 ll..td 8.1. i. th-, .1 y..,, 1867. $55,650,980 240,248,630 326,898' 150 830,,339,940 236,330,100 9,065,807 6,249,745,830 2,457,432,892 609,278,050 1,483,,341,865 . 12,856,070 D....... $53,521,130 w'117' 150 257,463,020 392,702,040 71,264,200 11,213,5,30 $4,216,270 ............ ............ ... ,225 854,063 . i, i... ,508 ... 6 8 79 ............ ............... $12,511,188,314 TITilE AMIERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. PUB,LIC DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES FROM 1791 TO 1860. 1815........... 99,833,660.15 21816........... 127,334,933.74 1S17............123,491,965.16 1818........... 103,466,633.83 1819........... 95,529,648.28 1829............ 91,015,566.15 1821........... 89,987,427.66 1822............ 93,546,676.9 8 1823............ 90,875,877.28 1824........... 90,269,777.77 1825............ 83,78S,432.71 1826............ 81,054,05 9.99 1827............ 73,937,.357.20 1828............ 67,475,043.87 1829............ 58,421,413.67 1830............ 48,565,406.50 1S31............ 39,123,191.68 1832............ 24,322,235.18 1833........... 7,091,032.88 183-1............ 4,760,081.08 1835............ 351,289.05 .1836............ 291,089.05 1837............ 1,878,223.55 t791........... $5,463,47,6.52 179 2............ 7,,227,,924.66 1793............ 80,3i52,6.(34.04 1794............ 7S,42 7,404.77 179q5............ 80.747,587.38 1796............ 83,762,172.07 1797............ 82,064,479..33 1798............ 79,228,529.12 1799............ 78,408,669.77 1800............ 82,976,294.35 1801............ 83,03S,059.80 1802............ 80.712,632.25 1803............ 77,054.,686.30 1804............ 86,427,120.88 1805............ 8.2,312,150.50 1806............ 75,723, 270.66 1807............ 69,218,398.64 1808............ 65,196,317.97 1809............ 57,023,192.09 1810............ 53,173,217,.52 1811............ 4S,005,587.76 1812............ 45,209,737t.90 1813............ 55,962.827.57 1814............ 81,487,846.24 PUBLIC DEBT OF THiE UNITED STATES FROM 1861 TO 1869. Since the commencement of the war, the amount of the Debt at different dates, and the amount deducting cash in the Treasury, has been as follows: Total Debt. Debt, deducti ng Cash in Tr..ry. July 1, 1861........................$90,867,828...........................,,7 July 1, 1862...........................514,211,371........................... 502,921,404 July 1, 1863.....................1,.....098,793,181............................1,093,464,090 July 1, 1864..........................1,740,690,489............................1,721,847,934 July 1, 1865..........................2,682,593,026...........................2,757,23,265 January 1, 1866....................2,810,310,357...........................2716,851,536 August 1....................2,770,416,608...................... 2, 33,099,276 November 1, ".................... 2,681,636,966........................... 2,551,310,005 January 1, 1S67....................2,675,062,505...........................2,543,325,172 February 1....................2,685,773,539...........................2,543 349,748 .larch 1....................2,690,587,28........................... 53,76(3,89 April 1,....................2,663.713,734........................... 2,52.3,4-28,070 l[ay 1....................2,668,875,098...................... 5.....2,50,786,096 June 1....................2,687,040,519.......................... 2,51I5,615,937 August 1....................2,666,685,696.......................... 2.511,306,420 Septemberl...................2,653,792,189........................... 2,492,783,396. October 1....................2,630,389,456...........................2,495,277,446 November 1,....................2,625,502,848...........................2.491,504,450 December 1,'....................2,639,382,572...........................2,501,205,751 January 1, 1S68....................2,642,326,253...........................2,508,125,650 February 1....................2,651,384,686........................... 2,.527,315,373 March 1....................2,648,207,099........................... 2,519,829,622 April 1....................2,641,719,332........................... 2,19,209,(687 May 1, "..................... 2,639,612,622...........................2,,)00,52S,827 June 1,....................... 2,643,753,566........................... )2510,245,886 August 1....................2,63,588,756...........................4 2, 56 23,534,480 September1,....................2,643,256,285........................... 2,535,614,313 October 1, "....................2,644,901,561........................... 2,534,643,719 November 1, "......................2,641i,002,572.......................2,l2,129,553 December 1,"....................2,645,711,164...........................2,539,031,S44 January 1, 1869....................2,652,583,662...........................2,540,707,201 [IS69. 240 1838............ 4,857i,66C0.46 1839............ 11,98S3,737.53 1840............ 5,125,077.63 1841............ 6,737,398.00 1342............ 15,012,486.37 1843............ 27. I,203,450. 69 1844............ 2,748,188.23 1s45............. 17,093,794.80 1846............ 16,750..926.33 1S47............ 38.'356.623.38 1348............ 48,52(6,3-.9.37 1849............ 64,704,6i,'93.71 1850............ 64,228,238.37 1851............ 62,5-160,395.26 1852............ 65,131,6G)2.13 1353............ 6G7-,340,628.78 1S54............ 47,242,206.05 1355............ 39,9(9,731.05 185 6............ 3,9f;3,909.64 1857............ 29,069,386.90 1858............ 44.,910,77.66 1859............ 58,754,699.g3 1860............ 64,769,703.08 UNITED STATES BONDS.' The Bonds of the United States are of different kinds, and have been issued at different times as follows: Sixes of 1881. Dated 1861, and redeemable in Twenty Years from January 1st and July 1st of that year. Interest six per cent. in gold, payable semi-annually, January 1st and July 1st. These Bonds were issued in three series: Under Act February 8, 1861, $18,415,000; dated variously in 1861. Under Act July 17 and August 5, 1861, $50,000,000; dated November 16, 1861. Under Act July 17, and August 5, 1861, in exchange for 7-30s, $139,317,150; dated November 16, 1861. Under Act March 3, 1863, and principal made especially payable in gold coin, $75,000, 000; dated June 15, 1864. Total issue, $282,732,150. Five-Twenties of 1862. Commonly termed OLD Five-Twenties, dated May 1, 1862. Re deemable after Five Years, and payable in Twenty Years from date. Interest six per cent. in gold, payable the 1st of May and November. Issued under Act of February 25, 1862, $514,771,600. Five-Twenties of 1864. Dated November 1, 1864. Redeemable after Five, and payable in Twenty Years. Interest six per cent. in gold, payable 1st of May and November. Issued under Act March 3, 1864, (principal specified as payable in gold), $3,882,500. Issued under Act of June 30,1864. $125,561,300. Total issue, $129,443,800. Five-Twenties of 1865. Dated November 1, 1865. Redeemable after Five, and payable in Twenty Years. Interest six per cent. in gold, payable 1st of May and November. Issued under Act of March 3, 1865, $197,777,250. Five-Twenties of 1 865. Dated July 1,1865. Interest six per cent. in gold, payable January and July. They are redeemable in Five Years, and payable in TwentyYears. Issued under Act of March 3,1865, in exchange for 7-30 notes converted, and amount August 1,1868, to $332,928,950. Five-Twenties of 1867. Dated July 1, 1867. Redeemable in Five, and payable in Twenty Years. Interest, six per cent. in gold, payable 1st of January and July. Issued under Act March 3, 1865, in exchange for 7-30 notes, and amount August 1,1868, to $371,346,350. Five-Twenties of 1868. Dated July 1, 1868. Redeemable in Five Years, and payable in Twenty Years. Interest six per cent. in gold, payable January and July 1st. Issued under Act of March 3, 1865. in exchange for 7-30 notes, and amount August 1, 1868. to $39,000,000. Ten-Forties. Dated March 1, 1864. Redeemable in Ten, and payable in Forty Years. Interest five per cent. in gold, payable 1st of March and September, on all Registered Bonds, and on all Coupon Bonds of the denomination of $500 and $1,000. On the $50 and $100 Bonds, interest is paid annually, March 1st. Issued under act of March 3, 1863, and supplement March 3, 1864, principal payable in gold, $194.291,500. U.S. Pacific Railroad Currency Sixes. Dated January 16, 1865, and variously thereafter. These Bonds are issued by the Government, inder Acts of Julyl 1, 1862, and July 2, 1864, to Companies receiving their charter from Congress, which gives them the right to construct Railroads to and from the Pacific Coast, and on the completion of each twenty miles of track, to receive at the rate of $16,000, $22,000 or $48,000 per mile, according to the difficulty of constructing the same. They are payable thirty years from date of issue, and are registered il Bonds of $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000. Amount issued up to January 1, 1869, $50,097,000. All ot the Government Bonds are issued "Coupon" or "Registered." Coupon Bonds can be chantged! into Registered Bonds, but Registered Bonds cannot be changed into Coupons. Coupon fs are in denominations of $50, $100, $500, and $1,000; the Registered Bonds the same, wilt ad-. dition of $5,000 and $10,000. LEGAL TENDER NOTEs Amount of Legal Tender Notes outstanding at different dates since the beginning of JunA,.!86B June 1, 1865................ $659,160,569 December 1, 1866................$ ~2,99 September 1, "..................684,138,959 January 1, 1867...............39 October 1, "..................678,126,948 April 1,................. 514,44087 December 1,'.................. 620,290,438 May 1, ".................B,~7 January 1, 1866..................614,780,430 June 1, ".................., February 1, "..................612,451,264 August 1, "................477,4944 March 1, "................... 605,984,414 September 1,".................456,877 1q4 April 1, ".................. 603,298,293 October 1, "...................t7,48724 May 1, ".................. 568,213,359 November 1,........................429,Q398 June 1, ".................. 564,140,458 December 1, "..........5 August 1,"..................566,873,868 June 1, 1868..........,2 September 1, "..................555,115,732 September 1, " --......... 37t,649,/ October 1, ".................. 554,677,432 June 1,1868, 3per cent. certificates.. 50,000,000, November 1, "..................538,707,925 Sept.1, " 3percent. atfiac*..6,.05,0 16 1869.]. FINANCES. 241 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. VII. NATIONAL BANKS. TABLE EXHIBITING THE NUMBER OF BANKS, with the amount of capital, bonds deposited, and circulation in each State and Territory, September 30, 1868. OANIZATION. Closed i oper. ord.on. closing. In actual circu lation, Capital paid in. Bonds on deposit.. -d O n nind. Maine................ New Hampshire...... Vermont............. Massachusetts....... Rhode Island......... Connecticut.......... New York............ New Jersey.......... Pennsylvania......... Maryland............ Delaware............. District of Columbia. Virginia............... West Virginia........ Ohio................. Indiana.............. Illinois............... Michigan............. Wisconsin........... Iowa................. Minnesota........... Kansas............... Missouri............. Kentucky............ Tennessee........... Louisiana............ Mississippi........... Nebraska............ Colorado............. Georgia.............. North Carolina....... South Carolina....... Alabama............. Nevada.............. Oregon............... Texas................ Arkansas............. Utah................. Montana............. Idaho................ Total..........1,685 56 1,629 $428,189,111.00 $342,019,950 $300,915,166 $299,866,565 NATIONAL BANK NOTES. The amount of National Bank Notes in circulation at various periods since June 1865, was as follows: June 10, 1865................$137,772,705 June 10, 1866............ $278,905,675 July 10, "..................149,093,665 September 1..................289,915,929 September 3, ".................. 177,487,220 October 1,...............293,032,000 October 6, "..................194,182,630 November 1,..................295,354,854 November 5, "..................207,212,930 December 1,..................293,613,519 December 3,"..................225,482,825 April 1, 1867..................298,856,734 January 7, 1866..................240,094,565 August 31, "...............2..99,043,841 February 4, "..................251,360,050 November 1, "..................299,235,790 March 4, "..................258,432,790 December 7, "..................299,723,146 April 1, "..................264,247,170 October 1, 1868.................. 299,806,565 0 I l 242 . [1869. 13t.t.. -d T.,,it.,i... i.0 $8,407.25 4,8.-.9, 6,517,0 64,718, 14,185, 19,768,00 79,442,5 10,678,65 44,303, 10,065, 1,.W, 1,398,0 2,429, 2''243,25 20,763,8 12,532,5 11,047,95 4 1357, 21768,05 3,763,75 1,712,2 382, 4,724,0 2'665,90 1,492,7 1,308,00 75,00 2m, 297, 1,383,5 3.99,5 204, 370, lr35, 100' 472,1 200, 150, 40,00 75, $7,569,166 4,328,1.95 5,802,960 58,561,030 12,676,630 17,800,625 73,823,505 9,520,485 39,940,700 9,150,8(X) 1 1217,225 1,278,000 2,157,930 2,020,350 18,667,750 11,169,055 9,777,650 3,872,955 .2,5w,.950 3,349,805 1,501,900 354,600 4,305,550 2,367,270 1,270.220 1,245,000 66,000 170,000 255M 1,235,400 317,600 153,000 353,025 131,700 88,500 417,635 179,500 135,500 36,000 63,500 $7,510,066 4,281,695 5,737,560 57,084,640 12,491,480 17,443,793 68,853,726 9,397,985 38,772,102 8,904,800 1,198,825 1,137,700 2,146,6-tO 1'988,550 18,410,425 11 1018 1735 91648,150 3,826,455 2541,410 3,252,228 1,476,800 341,000 4,129,31'0 2,338,620 1 204 755 11131 15 64,035 170,000 254,000 1,234,000 816,000 1.35,000 304,.9W 131,700 88,500 407,535 17.9,500 135,000 36000 63,500 $299,806,565 61 40 40 2071 62 81 299 54 197 32 11 4 18 15 133 68 83 42 34 44 15 5 18 15 12 2 4 3 8 6 3 2 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 $9'085,000. 4,785,000.0 6,560,012. 80,032,000. 20,364,800. 24 1684,2w. 116,544,941. 11,583,350. 50,247,390. 12,790,202. 1,428,185. 1,550,000.0 2,500,000.0 2,216,400.0 22,404,700. 12,867,000. 12,070,000. 5,210,010. 2,960,000. 4,057,000. 1,710,000. 400,000. 7,810,3w. 2,885,000. 2,025,300. 1,800-000. 150,00O.. 350,000.0 350,000.0 1,600,000.0 653,300.0 685,000.0 5w,ooo.0 15,5,000. 100,000. 525,000. 200,000. 150,000. 100,000. 100,000. 61 40 40 209 62 83 314 .55 205 32 11 6 20 15 137 71 83 43 37 48 16 5 20 15 13 3 2 4 3 9 6 3 3 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 ...... ...... .... i. ..... 2 15 1 8 ...... .... 2 ...... 4 3 3 4 1 .... i. .... i. 1 2 ...... .... i. ...... .... i. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... Total..... 1,685 56 1,629 $426,189,111.0 $342,019,950 $30.9,915,16 STATEMENT, showing the amount and rate of Taxation (United States and State), of the Na tional Banking Associations, for the year ending December 31, 1867. tional Banking Associations, for the year ending December 31,1867.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Total am't of Taxes paid to the United States and State a uthorities. ~om .0, .038 .041 .0402 .025 .033 .0609 .042 .0302 .0337 .0426 .0161 .0248 .044 .0461 .0371 .0476 .0354 .0471 .0487 .033 .045 .084 .027 .041 .043 .0709 .0324 .0293 .024 .027 .024 .0156 .0355 .0198 .0139 .0187 4.3,32 Amount of taxes ~ ~i paid to U. S. $180,119.00.02 88,772.90.019 122,213.57.019 1,616,824.50.0202 324 844.25.015 434,440.35 017 3,022 662.16.0261 253,359.31.022 1,242,037.40.0247 260,261.25.0209 22,620.68.0228 15,329.45.0133 48,344.81.0193 46,966.34.021 514,661.46.0229 278,797.60.0216 321,406.24.0276 111,789.50.022 76,583.25.026 106,349.34.0266 39,132.43.02 10,229.23.025 133,141.77.014 59,816.01.021 52,459.82.027 35,894.28.0276 10,734.67.0429 9,701.72.0277 40,844.75.025 9,048.71.0154 8,762.52.0175 1,623.86.024 6,865.36.0119 5,745.38.0287 1,887.42.0125 837.31.0083 478.65.0047 $9,525,607.31 2 1 m .015 .019 .022 .02 .01 .016 .0348 .02 .005 .0131 .0008 .0028 .0055 .0155 .02 .0134 .021 .0221 .013 .02 .02 .006 .014 .0154 .028 .0046 .004 .0088 .0095 .OO .0073 .0056 .014 2.082 LEGAL TENDER NOTES ISSUIED, REDEEMED AND OUTSTANDING. The following statement exhibits the number and amount of Legal Tender Notes issued, re deemed, and outstanding October 5, 1868: Notes. Amount. Notes. Amount. Ones-Issued...........8,896.576 $8,896,576 One Htindreds-Issued...267,350 $26,7.'35,000 Redeemed............ 254,7.54 254,754 Redeemed............. 15,583 1,558,300 Outstanding..........8,641,822 $8,641,822 Outstanding............251,767 $25,176,700 Twos-Issued..........2,978,160 $5,956,320 Five Yundreds-Issued... 13,486 $6,743,000 Redeemed............ 73,176 146,352 Redeemed.............. 1,759 879,500 Outstanding..........2,904,984 $5,809,968 Outstanding............ 11,727 $5,863,500 Fives-Issued.........23,106.728 $115,533,640 One Thousands-Issued.. 4,746 $4,746,000 Redeemed........... 482,132 2,410,660 Redeemed.............. 1,846 1,846,000 Outstanding......... 22,624,596 $113,122,980 Outstanding............ 2,900 $2,900,000 Tens-Issued...........7,915,914 $79,159,140 Total of all denominations out Redeemied............ 142,359 1,423,590 standing on the first Monday Outstanding........ 7,773,555 $77,735,550 of October, 1868.............. $299,806,110 Twenties-Issued.......2,219,322 $44,386,440 Add for fragments of notes out Redeemed........... 36,,355 727,100..standing lost or destroyed, Outstanding..........,182,967 $43,659,340 portion of which have been Outstndin........~,182967 43,65,340redeemed.................,... 5 435 Ffties —Issued...........355,181 $17,759,050 Total..................... $299,806,565 Rtdeemed............. 17,256 862,800 Outstanding...........837,925 $16,896,250 i 1869.] FINANCES. 243 A-.t f t.... p.id t...d..... d by St.t. ..th.iti,,.. St-t-. -d C.P;t.l. Maine.............. New Hampshire.... Vermont........... Massachusetts...... Rhode Island....... Connecticut......... New York.......... New Jersey......... lennsylva. Iaryland' la...... ........... )elaware........... Dist. of Columbia... Vir,-inia............. Weit Virginia...... Ohio................ Indiana............. Illinois.............. Michi;zan........... Wiscnsin.......... Iowa................ Minnesota.......... Kansas............. Missouri............ Kentucky........... Tennessee.......... Louisiana........... Nebraska........... Colorado............ Georgia............. Nort Carolina...... Alabama............ Oregon.............. Texas............... Arkansas............ Utah................ Montana............ Idaho............... $9,085,000.00 4,735,000.00 6,510,012.50 7.9,932,000.00 20,364,800.00 24,584,220.00 116,4.94,941.00 11,333,&50.00 50,277,795.00 12,590,202.50 1,428,185.00 1,350,000.00 2,500,000-00 2,216,400.00 22,404,-iOO.00 12,867,000-00 11,620,000.00 5,070,010.00 2,935,000.00 3,992,000-00 1,660,000.00 400,000.00 7,559,300.00 2,885,000-00 2,100,000-00 1,300,000.00 250,000-00 350,000.00 1,700,000-00 583,300.00 500,000-00 100,000.00 ti76,450.00 200,000-00 150,000.00 100,000-00 ioo,ooo.oo ,804,666.00, $141,225.64 .93,178.83 144,163.50 1,562,128.10 195,355.32 387,146.26 4,058,706.11 22,3,106.28 278,268.04 166,054.11 1,260.61 3,285.94 13,925.66 51,457.38 200,373.29 231,917.00 68,061.41 62,011.51 88,281.27 29,522.20 7,801.08 18.9,247.69 17,466.77 27,974.80 20,041.58 7,014.,39 1,615.00 6,050.46 5,144.81 3,829.49 ....... 2, 1,350.99 1,097.00 560.00 1,405.36 $8,813,126.92 $321,344. 181,951.7 266,377.0 3,178,952. 520,199.5 821,586.61 7,081,368.2 496,465.59 1,520,305. 426,315.3 33,881.29 18,615.39 62,270.47 98,423.72 1,035,632.66 479,169.89 553,323.24 179,850.97 138,594.76 194,630.61 68,654.63 18,030.31 322,889.46 77.282.78 80,434.62 65,935.86 17,749.06 11,316.72 46,895.21 14,198.02 12,592.01 1,62,3.86 9,014.70 7,093.37 2,984.42 1,397.31 1,884.01 18.338,734.23 Total............ TABLE of the state of the Lawful Money Reserve in the National Banks, in the States and Ter ritories, for quarter ending on the first Monday in October, 1868. ritories fo ure nigo h irtMna nOtbr 88 22 7-10 22 6-10 21 1-10 28 2-10 20 9-10 21 4-10 '22 5-10 24 5-10 22 8-10 23 6-10 24 2-10 20 8-10 19 3-10 19 9-10 23 8-10 31 6-10 38 1-10 34 7-10 44 7-10 39 8-10 16 8-10 23 2-10 21 4-10 21 1-10 20 7-10 24 6-10 24 9-10 22 1-10 21 9-10 23 5-10 25 4-10 28 5-10 50 5-10 31 9-10 20 1-10 33 9-10 41 1-10 16 7-10 30 8-10 22 9-10 Libiities to be protect ed by a reserve of flfteen per cent. of the amount. Amouant required re- Amountof availble re Btates and Territories. $2,986,134 1,703,947 1,776,830 12,771,975 4,018,490 6,493 552 17,617,509 5,915,133 10,885,927 656,289 1,046,605 29,029 1,145,450 928,607 334,029 427 156 1,382,114 204,181 18,109 502,12i 126,246 651,818 975,945 ,411,381 4,042,055 3,802,781 1,794,005 1,140,247 2,186,996 897,639 691,212 160,301 1,269,833 80,921" 78,777 382,093 56,311 35,433 25,235 $95,252,448 Total................. 1,422 $414,776,428 $62.216,475 STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES, JAN. 1, 1869. DEBT BEARING COIN INTEREST. Treasury notes, March 3,1863. 445,492.00 Temporary loan..............-197,310.00 Five per cent. bonds.......... $221,589,300.00 Certficates of indebtedness. 13,000.00 Six per cent. bonds of 1881... 283,677,1400.00 Six per cent. 5-20 bonds...... 1,602,568,650.00 Total................... $7,463,403.64 Total................... $2,107,865,350.00 DEBT BEARING NO INTEREST. DEBT BEARING CURRENCY INTEREST. United States notes........... $356,021,073.00 Certificates at three per cent.. $55,865,000.00 Frctional currency..... 34,215,715.64 Navy pension fund at 3 per ct. 14,000,000-00 Gold c ertificates of depos it.. 27,036,020.00 Six p. ct. lawful money, bonds Total.DEBT.NOT..RES. FO$69,865,000.00. issued to Pacific R. R. Co... 50,097,000.00 MATURED DEBT NOT PRESENTED FOR PAYS'T. Total................... $47,360,808.63 Three years 7-30 notes due Total debt.......... $2,652,583,662.28 Aug. 15, 1867, and June and July, 1868...................$2,14,.00 AMOUNT IN TE TREASURY. Compound interest notes..... 3,878,29.00 Coin.......................... $98,763,368.91 Bonds, Texas indemnity...... 256,000.00 Currency....................... 13,063,092.12 Treasutry notes, act of July 17, Total................... $1118264610 1861, and prior thereto...... 148,561.64 Bonds April 15, 1842, an. 2, Amount of debt less cash in 1847, and March 31, 1848... 349,950.00 Treasury...................$2,540,707,201.25 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. 244 I . I .'Z , k z 61 40 40 1161 62 81 240 55 152 11 19 1 19 15 6 3 8 2 1 4 2 11 12 123 70 70 38 31 44 15 10 3 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 Mal Ne Ve Ma Rh Con Ne Ne Pen Del Ma Dis vi We Nor Sou Ge Al Mis Te A Ke Te 0 i In Illi Mic wi Io mi Mis Ka Ne Ne Or Co MO v Ida $13,150 1366 6.650,14.9 8,414,338 55,073,216 19,240,527 30,2.95,938 78,&52,552 24,164,877 46 1019,990 21778,110 4,3.-2,889 139,770 5,955,44.9 4,676,M 1,433,229 1,352,111 3,624,662 588,776 40,500 1,262,915 t5l,968 2,812,531 4,559 1839 30 1831,14;3 19,496,571 15,468,811 7,164,969 4,934,557 9,987,718 3,816,459 2,724,280 562,856 2,514,649 2.53,637 261,812 1,127 1886 136,894 212'019 82,031 $1,972,555 997,522 1,2621151 8,260,381 2,,079 4,644,391 11,752,883 31624,732 6,902,988 416,717 649,926 20,958 893,322 701,434 214,989 202,820 542,701 88,310 6,O-i5 189 422 112 1',-50 421,890 683,977 4,549,671 2,924,486 2,320,322 l,O-t9,245 740'184 1,498,158 572,469 408,652 84,428 377,197 38,005 32 1271 169,183 20,534, 31,893 12,305 VIII. DEBTS OF THE SEVERAL STATES. TABLE showing the Debts of the several States before the war (1860-61), at its close (1865-66), and in the respective years 1867 and 1868. [Obtained chiefly from official sources, and prepared for this work by EDWARD YOUNG]. STATES. In 1860-61. In 1865-66. In 1867. In 1868. Maine.................. $699,500 $5,164,500 $5,090,500 $5,053,500 New Hampshire........ 31,669 4,002,070 3,747,777 3,487,412 Vermont................... none. 1,650,000 1,395,000 1,168,000 (a). Massachusetts.......... 7,132,627 23,047,873 27,638,918 27,553,935 Rhode Island........... Lone 4,000,000 3,538,500 3,141,500 Connecticut................. none. 10,400.000 8,422,400 8,135,500 (b). New York.............. 34,182,976 49,688,540 48,367,682 44,968,786 New Jersey................104,000 3,018,800 2,253,547 2.219,697 Pennsylvania........... 37,964,602 37,471,663 34,766,431 32,799,786 Delaware................... none.......... 1,242,000......... (c). Maryland.................................. 10,891,802......... Ohio.................... 14,250,173 13,060,582 11,031,945 10,529,675 Indiana................. 7,770,233 8,687,960 4,023,821 3,101,587 Michigan................2,388,843 3,979,921 3,901,243 3,651,078 Illinois................. 10,277,161 11,178,564 7,581,316 5,999,603 Wisconsin................. 100,000 2,692,467 2,279,057 2,252,000 Minnesota.................250,000 350,000 450,000 325,000 Iowa.................... 200,000 500,000 386,000 300,000 (d). Missouri................ 24,734,000 37,000,000 26,000,000 20,557,000 Kansas...................150,000 452,975 819,975 974,882 (e). Kentucky............... 4,729,234 5,254,346 4,611,199 3,619,191 California.............................5,290,640 5,126,500 4,695,500 Oregon.................... 55,372 218,574......... 230,045 * Virginia................ 33,248,141 45,119,741................. North Carolina............ 9,129,505 11,433,000.................... South Carolina........... 3,691,574 5,205,227 8,378,255.......... . Georgia.................. 2,670,750 5,706,500 6,000,000.......... * Florida................. 383,000 638,863................... * Alabama................. 5,048,000 6,304,972.......... Mississippi.............. none......... 200,000 Louisiana...............10,023,903 13,.357,999 1.......... 2,391,736 * Texas................... 2,320,360.................. Arkansas............... 3,092,622 3,252,401 4,205,965 4,577,08i Tennessee.............. 16,643,666 25,277,347........ 36,000,000 NOTE.-West Virginia and Nebraska have no debt; Kentucky, Iowa, and Minnesota virtually none. (a). Deducting the present market value of the resources of this State ($13,685,263), the debt is reduced to $13,868,672. (b). Deducting the balance in sinking funds, the debt is reduced to $38,864,449. (c). This State holds productive property and a sinking fund, aggregating over $9,500,000 — nearly sufficient to cover the amount of the State debt. (d). Deducting the amount of bonds loaned to Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Co. ($3,000,000), the aggregate debt is reduced to $17,557,000. (e). The resources of this State are more than sufficient to meet her obligations, and practically she has no debt. (f). The treasurer reported the debt, July 1, 1867, at about $6,000,000, and the State assets over all liabilities, $5,751,965. * The debts of these States, as here given, were obtained from unofficial sources. NOTE.-A discrepancy sometimes occurs between the amount of debt as given elsewhere under each state, and the amount in the above table, The difference is due to the fact that these amounts were taken at diffoent dates. 1869.] FINANCES. 245 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF THE PUBLIC LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES. PASSED AT THE SECOND SESSION OP THE FORTIETH CONGRESS. No. 1.-An Act granting a certain right of way to the Hudson River West Shore Railroad Company. December 14, 1867. No. 2.-To provide for changing the names of persons in the District of Columbia. December 20, 1867. No. 3.-To prevent frauds in the collection of the tax on distilled spirits. Proides, that from and after the passage of this act no distilled spirits shall be withdrawn or removed from any warehouse for the purpose of transportation, redistillation, rectification, change of package, exportation, or for any other purpose whatever, until the full tax on such spirits shall have been duly paid to the collector of the proper district. January 11, 1868. No. 4.-Provides, that all cotton grown in the United States after the year 1867, shall be exempt from internal tax; and cotton imported from foreign countries on and after Nov. 1, 1868, shall be exempt from duty. February 3, 1868. No. 5.-To suspend further reduction of the currency. Provides, that from and after the passage of this act, the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury to make any reduction of the currency, by retiring or canceling United States notes, shall be, and is hereby, suspended. (Not having been returned by the President to the house of Congress in which it originated, within the time prescribed by the Constitution of the United States, became a law without his approval.) No. 6.-In relation to taxing shares in National Banks. February 10, 1868. No. 7.-Making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the execution of the reconstruction laws, and for the service of the quartermaster's department of the government, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868, and for other purposes; appropriates for reconstruction, $657,000; quartermaster, $12,000,000; small items, $10,000; legislative deficiencies (restricts each Senator and Representative to $125 per session for newspapers, except Congressional Globe), $167,648.44; judiciary, $4,355.77; education, $192; whole amount in this act, $12,837,196.21, and prohibits the transfer of appropriations. (Not having been returned by the President within the time prescribed, it became a law without his approval). No. 8.-To facilitate the collection of the direct tax in the State of Delaware. Feb. 21, 1868. No. 9.-Authorizing the Southern Minnesota Railroad Company to construct and maintain a bridge across the Mississippi river, and establish a post route. February 21, 1868. No. 10.-In relation to additional bounty. Provides, that bounties be paid to heirs named, and to none other. February 21, 1868. No. 11.-For the protection in certain cases of persons making disclosures as parties, or testifying as witnesses. February 25, 1868. No. 12.-Establishing and declaring the railroad and bridge of the New Orleans, Mobile, and Chattanooga Company, as hereafter constructed, a post road, and for other purposes. March 2, 1868. No. 13.-Extending the time for the completion of the Dubuque and Sioux City railroad to January 1, 1872. March 2, 1868. No. 14.-In relation to islands in the Great Miami river. March 2, 1868. No. 15.-Authorizing the sale of an unoccupied military site at Waterford, Pennsylvania. March 4, 1868. No. 16.-Restores to market lands along the Pacific railroads and branches, provided that such sections shall be rated at two dollars and fifty cents per acre, and subject only to entry under those laws; and the Secretary of the Interior be, and is hereby, authorized and directed to restore to homestead settlement, pre-emption, or entry, according to existing laws, all the evennumbered sections of land belonging to the government, and now withdrawn from market, on both sides of the Pacific railroad and branches wherever said road and branches have been definitely located. March 6, 1868. No. 17.-For the relief of settlers on the late Sioux Indian reservation in the State of Minnesota. March 6,1868. No. 18.-In relation to the promulgation of the laws of the United States. March 9, 1868. No. 19.-For the temporary relief of destitute people in the District of Columbia, appropriates $15,000. March 10, 1868. No. 20.-To amend the reconstruction act passed March 23,1867, and provides that hereafter any election authorized by said act shall be decided by a majority of the votes actually cast. (Not having been returned by the President, within the time prescribed, it became a law without his approval). [1869. 246 TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PUBLIC LAWS. No. 21.-To revive an act to constitute Hannibal, Missouri; and Peoria, Illinois, ports of delivery. No. 22.-Providing for holding a circuit court at Erie, Pa. March 12, 1868. No. 23.-To facilitate the settlement of paymasters' accounts. March 16, 1868. No. 24.-Military Academy appropriations; total, $277,512. Hereafter there will be only seven official visitors. No part of the money shall be applied to the pay or subsistence of any cadet from any State declared to be in rebellion against the government of the United States, appointed after the first day of January, 1868, until such State shall have been returned to its original relations to the Union. (Not having been returned by the President within the time prescribed, it became a law without his approval.) No. 25.-Provides fifty more clerks, and other facilities for determining and paying off soldiers' bounties under act of 1866. March 19, 1868. No. 26.-Amending an act entitled "An Act to amend the judiciary act, passed Sept. 24,1789." Allows any revenue officer to appeal from Circuit Court judgments to United States Supreme Court, without regard to amount involved. (Vetoed by the President, and passed by Congress over the veto). No. 27.-To establish certain post roads. March 30, 1868. No. 28.-Amending an act entitled "An Act to provide for the prompt settlement of public accounts," approved March 3, 1817. March 30, 1868. No. 29.-Making appropriations for the service of the Post Office Department during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1869. Principal items: inland mail transportation, $10,526,000; foreign transportation. $420,000; pay of postmasters, $4,250,000; clerks, $2,000,000; letter carriers, $750,000; stamps and envelopes, $450,000; special agents, $100,000; bags, locks, and stamps, $145,000; balances to foreign countries, $350,000; rent, light, fuel, &c., $375,000; China steamers, $500,000; Brazil steamers, $150,000; Sandwich Islands, $75,000; the whole appropriation is $19,969,000. March 30, 1868. No. 30.-Making appropriations for the consular and diplomatic expenses of the government for the year ending June 30, 1869, and for other purposes. Total, $1,159,850, besides $55,584 in gold for Scheldt dues, and as much more as necessary to carry out the treaty. If an army or navy officer accepts a diplomatic or consular office, he thereby resigns his place in the army or navy. The act of July 4, 1864, to encourage immigration, is repealed. March 30, 1868. No. 31.-Exempting certain manufactures from internal tax, and for other purposes. Repeals sections 94 and 95 of "An Act to provide internal revenue to support the government, to pay interest on the public debt, and for other purposes," approved June 30, 1864, and all acts and parts of acts amendatory of said sections, except only so much of the said sections and amendments thereto as relates to the taxes imposed thereby on gas made of coal wholly or in part, or of any other material; on illuminating, lubricating, or other mineral oils or articles the products of the distillation, redistillation, or refining of crude petroleum, or of a single distillation of coal, shale, peat, asphaltum, or other bituminous substances, on wines therein described, and onr snuff and all the other manufactures of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars and cheroots: Pimided, That the products of petroleum and bituminous substances hereinbefore mentioned, except illuminating gas, shall, from and after the passage of this act, be taxed at one-half the rates fixed by the said section 94, and provides that after June 1,1868. no drawback of internal taxes paid on manufactures shall be allowed on the exportation of any article of domestic manufacture, on which there is no internal tax at the time of exportation; nor shall such drawback be allowed in any case unless it shall be proved by sworn evidence in writing, to the satisfaction of the Commissioners of Internal Revenue, that the tax had been paid, and that such articles of manufacture were, prior to April 1, 1868, actually purchased or actually manufactured and contracted for, to be delivered for such exportation, and that every person, firm, or corporation, who shall manufacture by hand or machinery, any goods, wares, or merchandise, breadstuffs and unmanufactured lumber excepted, not otherwise specifically taxed as such, or who shall be engaged in the manufacture or preparation for sale of any articles or compounds, not otherwise specifically taxed, or shall put up for sale in packages with his own name or trade mark thereon, any articles or compound not otherwise specifically taxed, and whose annual sales exceed five thousand dollars, shall pay for every additional thousand dollars in excess of $5,000, two dollars, and the amount of sales in excess of the rate of $5,000 per annum shall be returned quarter-yearly to the assistant assessor, and the tax on the excess of $5,000 shall be assessed by the assessor and paid quarter-yearly in the months of January, April, July, and October of each year; and, that every person engaged in carrying on the business of a distiller who shall defraud or attempt to defraud the United States of the tax on the spirits distilled by him, or any part thereof, shall forfeit the distillery and distilling apparatus used by 1869.1 247 THIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. him, and all distilled spirits, and all raw materials for the production of distilled spirits found in the distillery and on the distillery premises, and shall on conviction, be fined not less than $500 nor more than $5,000, and be imprisoned not less than six months, nor more than five years; and that if any officer or agent appointed and acting under the authority of any revenue law of the United States shall be guilty of gross neglect in the discharge of any of the duties of his office, or shall conspire or collude with any other person to defraud the United States, &c., he shall, on conviction, be fined $1,000-5,000, and be imprisoned not less than six months, nor more than three years. March 31, 1868. No. 32.-Making appropriations for the expenses of the trial of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, $10,000, and other contingent expenses of the Senate for the year ending June 30, 1868, $72,000. Total, $82,000. May 19, 1868. No. 33.-Granting the right of way to the Whitehall and Plattsburgh Railroad Company. May 20, 1868. No. 34.-To extend the charter of Washington City, also to regulate the election of officers, and for other purposes. (Not having been returned by the President within the time prescribed, it became a law without his approval). No. 35.-Making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the execution of the reconstruction laws in the third military district, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868. (Not having been returned by the President within the time specified, it became a law without his approval). No. 36.-Declaring St. George, Boothbay, Bucksport, Vinalhaven, and North Haven, in the State of Maine, and San Antonio in the State of Texas, ports of delivery. June 5, 1868. No. 37.-To partially supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the service of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868. Expenses of House of Representatives, $47,960; collecting, $1,800,000; to facilitate bounty payments, $60,000; sundry items, $48,000; total, $1,955,960. June 8,1868. No. 38.-Making appropriations for the support of the army for the year ending June 30,1869, and for other purposes. Pay of army, $15,000,000; transporting recruits, $100,000; commutation of officers' subsistence, $2,133,413; in lieu of clothing, $250,000; medical department, $200,000; quartermaster's, $5,000,000; general expenses, $2,000,000; transportation and quarters, $7,000,000, &c. Whole amount, $83,057,093. June 8, 1868. No. 39.-Amending an act entitled "An Act for the relief of the inhabitants of cities and towns upon the public lands." Approved March 2,1867. No. 40.-Extending the time for completing the military road authorized by an act entitled "An Act granting lands to the States of Michigan and Wisconsin to aid in the construction of a military road from Fort Wilkins, Copper Harbor, Kewenaw county, in the State of Michigan, to Fort Howard, Green Bay, in the State of Wisconsin." June 8, 1868. No. 41.-To further provide for giving effect to the various grants of public lands to the State of Nevada. June 8,1868. No. 42.-Making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending June 30, 1869. Pay of officers and men, $8,000,000; material and vessels, $3,000,000; yards, docks, &c., $1,272,000; equipment and recruiting, $1,268,000; marine corps, $48,000. The entire appropriations are $13,752,600. Hereafter the whole number of enlisted men, including seamen, ordinary seamen, landsmen, mechanics, apprentices, and boys, is fixed at $8,000 and no more. June 17, 1868. No. 43.-To admit the State of Arkansas to representation in Congress. Whereas the people of Arkansas, in pursuance of the provisions of an act entitled "An Act for the more efficient government of the rebel States," passed March 2, 1867, and the acts supplementary thereto, have framed and adopted a constitution of State government, which is republican, and the leg! islature of said State has duly ratified the amendment to the constitution of the United States proposed by the thirty-ninth Congress, and known as article fourteen: Therefore, Be it enaced, That the State of Arkansas is entitled and admitted to representation in Congress as one of the States of the Union upon the following fundamental condition: That the constitution of Art kansas shall never be so amended or changed as to deprive any citizen or class of citizens of the United States of the right to vote, who are entitled to vote by the constitution herein recognized, except as a punishment for such crimes as are now felonies at common law, whereof they shall have been duly convicted, under laws equally applicable to all the inhabitants of said State: Provided, That any alteration of said constitution prospective in its effect may be made in regard to the time and place of residence of voters. (Passed over the President's veto). No. 44.-Admitting the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, to representation in Congress, provides that each of these States shall be entitled and admitted to representation in Congress as a State of the Union, when the legislature of such State shall have duly ratified the amendment to the Constitution of the United [1869. 248 1869.] TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PUBLIC LAWS. 249 States proposed by the 39th Congress, and known as Art. 14, upon the following fundamental conditions: That the constitution of neither of said States shall ever be so amended or changed as to deprive any citizen or class of citizens of the United States of the right to vote in said State, who are entitled to vote by the constitution thereof herein recognized, except as a punishment for such crimes as are now felonies at common law, whereof they shall have been duly convicted under laws equally applicable to all the inhabitants of said State: Provided, That any alteration of said constitution may be made with regard to the time and place of residence of voters; and the State of Georgia shall only be entitled and admitted to representation upon this further fundamental condition: that the first and third subdivisions of section 17 of the fifth article of the constitution of said State, except the proviso to the first subdivision shall be null and void, and that the general assembly of said State by solemn public act shall declare the assent of the State to the foregoing fundamental condition. That the first section of this act shall take effect as to each State, except Georgia, when such State shall, by its legislature, duly ratify Art. 14 of the amendments to the Constitution of the United States, proposed by the 39th Congress, and as to the State of Georgia when it shall in addition give the assent of said State to the fundamental condition hereinbefore imposed upon the same. (Passed over the President's veto). No. 45.-Providing for appeals from the Court of Claims, and for other purposes. June 25,1868. No. 46.-Provides that eight hours shall constitute a days work for all laborers, workmen, and mechanics now employed, or who may be hereafter employed, by or on behalf of the government of the United States. June 25, 1868. No. 47.-For the relief of certain exporters of rum. June 25, 1868. No. 48.-To re-establish the boundaries of the collection districts of Michigan and Michilimackinac, and to change the names of the collection districts of Michilimackinac and Port Huron. June 25, 1868. No. 49.-To extend the boundaries of the collection district of Philadelphia. June 25, 1868. No. 50.-Amending an act entitled'An Act to provide for carrying the mails from the United States to foreign ports." June 25, 1868. No. 51.-Relative to filing reports of Railroad companies. June 25, 1868. No. 52.-Appropriating money to sustain the Indian commission and carry out treaties made thereby. June 25, 1868. No. 53.-Changing the times of holding the District and Circuit Courts of the United States in Tennessee. June 25, 1868. No. 54.-Amending an act entitled "An act granting lands to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Central Pacific Railroad, in California, to Portland, in Oregon." The Oregon branch to complete at least 20 miles in each two years, and finish the road by July 1, 1880. June 25, 1868. No. 55.-Relating to the Supreme Court of the United States. June 25, 1868. No. 56.-Authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to change the names of certain vessels. June 25,1868. No. 57.-Relating to contested elections in the city of Washington. (Not having been returned by the President within the time prescribed, it became a law without his approval). No. 58.-For holding terms of the District Court of the United States for the southern district of Illinois at the city of Cairo, in said state. July 3, 1868. No. 59.-Confirming the title to a tract of land in Burlington, Iowa. July 4,1868. No. 60.-Authorizing the construction of a bridge over the Black river, in Lorain county, Ohio. July 6, 1868. No. 61.-To incorporate the congregation of the First Presbyterian Church of Washington. July 7, 1868. No. 62.-To amend an act entitled "An act concerning the registering and recording of ships or vessels." July 7, 1868. No. 63.-To continue the Bureau for the relief of Freedmen and Refugees. (Not having been returned by the President within the prescribed time, it became a law without his approval). No. 64.-Prescribing an oath of office to be taken by persons from whom legal disabilities shall have been removed. July 11, 1868. No. 65.-To incorporate the Connecticut Avenue and Park Railway Company, in the District of Columbia. July 13, 1868. No. 66.-To incorporate the National Hotel Company of Washington City. July 13, 1868. No. 67.-Amending the act providing for the construction of certain wagon roads in Dakota Territory. July 13,1868. THlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. No. 68.-Creating the office of Surveyor General in the Territory of Utah, and establishing a Land Office in said Territory. July 16, 1868. No. 69.-Making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the government for the year ending June 30, 1869. Expenses of senate, $600,170.80; of house, $1,624,238.60; public printing, $1,214,656.79; library, $51,570; court of claims, $139,800; executive, $44,622.22; public grounds and buildings, $49,140; state department, $151,200; treasury, $9.110,866; interior, $1,816,720; war, $750,420; navy, $25,301; post office, $396,680; agriculture, $127,895; educationl, $20,000; mints and assay offices, $450,307.68; independent treasury, $388, 135; territorial governments, $225,500; judiciary, $294,300. Whole amount, $17.111,723.09 July 20, 1868. No. 70.-Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the government for the year ending June 30, 1869. The items are: Miscellaneous, $181,440; coast sutrvey, $250,000; lakes, $75,000; light-houses, $1,919,042; revenue cutters, $1,237,290; buildings for customs, &c., $1, 093,008; interior department, $16,300; capitol extension, $1368,2)0; Smithsonian institution, $4,000; metropolitan police, $211,050; collection of revenue from public lands, $260,300; sur veying lands, $405,425; public buildings and grounds, $269,503. The whole sum in the bill is $5,055,258. July 20, 1868. No. 71.-To facilitate the settlement of certain prize cases in the southern district of Florida. July 20, 1868. * No. 72.-Authorizing the construction of a bridge across the Missouri river at Fort Leaven worth, Kansas. July 20, 1868. No. 73.-For the registration or enrolment of certain foreign vessels. July 20, 1868. No. 74.-Concerning the tax commissioners for the state of Arkansas. July 20, 1868. No. 75.-Amendatory of an act entitled'"An act to authorize the construction of certain bridges." July 20, 1868. No. 76.-Providing for the sale of a portion of the Fort Gratiot military reservation. July 20, 1868. No. 77.-To aid the improvement of the Des Moines and Rock Island rapids. July 20,1868. No. 78.-Declaratory of the law in regard to officers cashiered or dismissed from the army by the sentence of a general court-martial. No officer of the army of the United States who has been or shall hereafter be cashiered or dismissed from the service by the sentence of a general court-martial, formally approved by the proper reviewing authority, shall ever be restored to the military service except by a re-appointment, confirmed by the Senate of the United States. July 20, 1868. No. 79.-Imposing taxes on distilled spirits and tobacco, and for other purposes: Provdes, That there shall be levied and collected on all distilled spirits on which the tax prescribed by law has not been paid, a tax of fifty cents on each and every proof gallon, to be paid before removal from distillery warehouse; the tax on such spirits shall be collected on the whole num ber of gauge or wine gallons when below proof, and shall be increased in proportion for any greater strength than the strength of proof spirit as defined in this act; and any fractional part of a gallon in excess of the number of gallons in a cask or package shall be taxed as a gallon. The tax on brandy made from grapes shall be the same and no higher than that upon other dis tilled spirits; the Commissioner -of Internal Revenue is authorized, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, to exempt distillers of brandy from apples, peaches or grapes exclu. sively, from such other of the provisions of this act relating to the manufacture of spirits as in his judgment may seem expedient. Every distillery, whether intended for use or otherwise, must be registered with the Assessor of its district. Its owner must file with that officer notice of its location, description and boundaries, its mashing, fermenting and distilling capacity, and its fermenting period, together with the number, kinds and contents of the stills, boilers, tubs and cisterns employed. An accurate plan of the distillery and its apparatus, showing the relative location of every still, boiler, doubler, worm-tub, cistern, pipe-valve, and other parts of the machinery, must be dis played upon the premises, and a copy filed with the Assessor. With the aid of a person, skill ful and competent for such purpose, the Assessor is required to make a survey of every dis tillery, and to estimate and determine its true producing capacity, for the purpose of assessment in case of deficient returns. Copies of all the papers above referred to are sent to the revenue office, where a full and complete record is kept of every distillery. A warehouse must be established for every distillery, and, under the direction and control of the Collector of the district, placed min charge of a storekeeper appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury. A bond in the penal sum of double the tax upon the possible production of the distillery for fifteen days must be given by the distiller, with at least two sureties approved 250 [1869. TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PUBLIC LAWS. by the Assessors, conditioned, among other things, to a faithful compliance with all the provisions of the law. All this must be done before a distillery is allowed to commence operations. Afterwards daily reports are made by its storekeeper of all spirits entered and withdrawn from warehouse, and monthly reports of materials used, beer made, and spirits produced at the distillery. Reports of like character are made each month by the assessors, based upon the tri-monthly reports to them from distillers, and including also their assessments of deficiencies, and of the per diem and per barrel taxes imposed by law. These various reports when received, compared with and checked by each other, are duly recorded and filed. July 20, 1868. No. 80.-To construct a wagon road from West Point to Cornwall Landing, all in the county of Orange, state of New York. July 23, 1868. No. 81.-To authorize the temporary supplying of vacancies in the Executive Department. July 23, 1868. No. 82.-Making a grant of land to the state of Minnesota to aid in the improvement of the navigation of the Mississippi river; grants to the state of Minnesota for the purpose of aiding said state in constructing and completing a lock and dam at Meeker's island, in the Mississippi river, in said state; two hundred thousand acres of public lands, to be selected in alternate odd-numbered sections, from the public lands lying within the limits of the state of Minnesota. July 23, 1868. No. 83.-Making appropriations for the payment of invalid and other pensions of the United States for the year ending June 30, 1869. Appropriates $30,350,000 in all. July 23, 1868. No. 84.-To incorporate the "Washington Target-Shooting Association," in the District of Columbia. July 23, 1868. No. 85.-Making appropriations and to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the service of the government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868, and for other purposes. The main items are: Legislative, $16,977.04; interior, $29,548.09; treasury, $61,882.40; construction, $365,000; war, $1,612,530; bounties, $9,300; aqueduct, $52,500; Rock Island arsenal, $100,000; post office, $912,500; reconstruction, $510,078.24; public buildings and grounds, $25,593; Indians, $172,820.11; Washington city, $296,943.88; miscellaneous, $176,277.57. The whole sum is $4,341,970.33. July 25, 1868. No. 86.-For the relief of the loyal Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians. July 25, 1868. No. 87.-Providing a temporary government for the territory of Wyoming. July 25, 1868. No. 88.-In addition to an act passed March 26, 1804, entitled "An act in addition to an act entitled'An act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States.'" July 25, 1868. No. 89.-To provide for a further issue of temporary loan certificates, for the purpose of rodeeming and retiring the remainder of the outstanding compound interest notes, authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to issue an additional amount of temporary loan certificates, not exceeding twenty-five millions of dollars; said certificates to bear interest at the rate of three per centum per annum, principal and interest payable in lawful money on demand. July 25, 1868. No. 90.-To create an additional land district in the State of Minnesota. July 25, 1868. No. 91.-To incorporate the National Life Insurance Company of the United States of America. July 25, 1868. No. 92.-To confirm the title to certain lands in the State of Nebraska. July 25, 1868. No. 93.-Authorizing the trustees of Union Chapel of the Methodist Episcopal church, in the city of Washington, to mortgage their property for church purposes. July 25, 1868. No. 94.-To extend the time for the construction of the Southern Pacific railroad in the state of California. July 25, 1868. No. 95.-Providing for the sale of the arsenal grounds at St. Louis and Liberty, Missouri, and for other purposes. July 25, 1868. No. 96.-To establish certain post-roads. July 25, 1868. No. 97.-Relating to the Freedmen's Bureau, and providing for its discontinuance: Procide-s, that the duties and powers of Commissioner of the Bureau for the relief of Freedmen and Refu gees, shall continue to be discharged by the present Commissioner of the Bureau; and in case of vacancy in said office occurring by reason of his death or resignation, the same shall be filled by appointment of the President on the nomination of the Secretary of War, and with the ad vice and consent of the Senate; and no officer of the army shall be detailed for service as Com missioner or shall enter upon the duties of Commissioner unless appointed by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and all assistant commissioners, agents, clerks, and assist ants, shall be appointed by the Secretary of War on the nomination of the Commissioner of the Bureau; and that the Commissioner of the Bureau, shall on the first day of January next, cause 1869.1 251 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. the said Bureau to be withdrawn from the several States within which said Bureau has acted, and its operations shall be discontinued. But the educational department of said bureau, and the collection and payment of moneys due the soldiers, sailors and marines, or their heirs, shall be continued as now provided by law, until otherwise ordered by act of Congress. (Passed over the President's veto). No. 98.-To further amend the postal laws. Provides, that when any writer of a letter, on which the postage is prepaid, shall endorse in writing or in print upon the outside thereof his name and address, the same, after remaining uncalled for at the post office to which it is direct ed 30 days, or the time the writer may direct, shall be returned to the said writer without ad ditional postage, whether a specific request for such retuin be endorsed on the letter or not; and fixes charges for money orders as follows, viz.: For one dollar or any sum not exceeding $20, a fee of ten cents; for all orders exceeding $20 and not exceeding $30, fifteen cents; for all orders exceeding $30 and not exceeding $40, twenty cents; for all orders exceeding $40 and not exceeding $50, twenty-five cents. July27, 1868. No. 99.-Making an appropriation of money to carry into effect the treaty with Russia of March 30,1867. July 27, 1868. No. 100.-Making appropriations for the current and contingent expenses of the Indian department, and for fulfilling treaty stipulations with various Indian tribes for the year ending June 30, 1869, and for other purposes. For superintendents, agents, clerks, interpreters, and contingencies, fulfilling treaties, and all other matters, about $3,250,000. July 27, 1868. No. 101.-Concerning the rights of American citizens in foreign States. July 27, 1868. No. 102.-To establish a new land district in the State of Nebraska. July 27, 1868. No. 103.-Regulating the sale of hay in the District of Columbia. July 27,1868. No. 104.-To incorporate the Evening Star Newspaper Company, of Washington. July 27, 1868. No. 105.-Authorizing the city of Washington to issue bonds for the purpose of paying the floating debt of the city. July 27, 1868. No. 106.-To amend section one of "An Act to prevent and punish frauds upon the revenue, and for other purposes," approved March 3, 1863: requires, that in case of goods, wmares, and merchandise, imported from a foreign country adjacent to the United States, the declaration in this section hereinbefore required may be made to, and the certificate indorsed by, the consul, vice-consul, or commercial agent, at or nearest to the port or place of clearance for the United States. July 27, 1868. No. 107.-Supplementary to an act entitled "An Act to allow the United States to prosecute appeals and writs of error, without giving security," and for other purposes. July 27, 1868. No. 108.-To protect the rights of actual settlers upon the public lands of the United States. July 27,1868. No. 109.-Changing the ports of entry from Plymouth to Edenton, in North Carolina, and Port Royal to Beaufort, in South Carolina. July 27, 1868. No. 110.-In amendment of an act entitled "An act to establish a uniform system of bankruptcy throughout the United States;" Provides, that " In all proceedings in bankruptcy commenced after the first day of January, 1869, no discharge shall be granted to a debtor whose assets shall not be equal to fifty per centurm of the claims proved against his estate upon which he shall be liable as the principal debtor, unless the assent in writing of a majority in number and value of his creditors to whom he shall have become liable as principal debtor, and who shall have proved their claims, be filed in the case at or before the time of the hearing of the application for discharge. July 27, 1868. No. 111.-To transfer to the Department of the Interior certain powers and duties now exercised by the Secretary of the Treasury in connection with Indian affairs. July 27, 1868. No. 112.-To provide for an American line of mail and emigrant passenger steamships between New York and one or more European ports. The postmaster general may contract with the Commercial Navigation Company for conveyance of mails weekly or semi-weekly between New York and Bremen, touching at Southampton or Liverpool and Queenstown, the steamers to be first-class constructed and owned in the United States, contract not to exceed fifteen years in duration. The company must within one year have ready seven first-class steamships, the postmaster general to have inspection of them if he desires, average rate of speed to be equal to other lines. That the compensation for carrying the mails, as shall be in conformity with the act of Congress, approved June 14, 1858, and shall in no event exceed the sum therein provided, being all postage on letters, newspapers, and all other matter transported by or in the mails carried by said navigation company, shall belong to said company, and shall be paid to said company quarterly, or applied to their use. Provided, That when the receipts from sea [lM. 252 TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PUBLIC LAWS. postages shall equal or exceed the sum of four hundred thousand dollars per annnm, then the right of said company to receive the inland postages shall cease, and said company shall only receive the sea postages: Promided, That such postages shall not exceed six hundred thousand dollars per annum, after the discontinuance of said inland postage. That to insure the construction of the above-mentioned vessels within the time and in the manner provided, the said Commercial Navigation Company may issue bonds to such an amount that the entire annual interest thereon shall not exceed the sum of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, such bonds to be made payable at the expiration of fifteen years. For the protection of the holders of said bonds they are to be registered at the post office department, and the postage earned by the steamships is to be applied for the payment of the interest and to provide a sinking fund for the redemption of the principal of the bonds. July 27, 1868. No. 113.-" Relating to the Alexandria Canal." July 27, 1868. No. 114.-" Making Appropriations for the service of the Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, and establishing additional regulations for the Government of the institution, and for other purposes," appropriates for Columbia Institution, $65,000; Government Hospital for Insane, $97,500; Columbia Hospital for Women, and Lying-in Asylum, $15.000; Providence Hospital, $30,000; National Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home, $1,000; care of transient paupers, &c., $12,000; in all, $241,500. 2. One Senator and two Representatives added to directors of Columbian Institution. 3. Real and personal property to be devoted to no other purpose than education; real estate not to be alienated but under special act. 4. Repeals payment for pupils admitted by order of Secretary of Interior. 5. Number of students from the several States, under act of March 2, 1867, increased from ten to twenty-five. 6. Superintendents of the institutions to make annual reports of expenditures. July 27, 1868. No. 115.-" Making Appropriations for certain executive expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30,1869," appropriates for State Department, $41,000; arched roadway over Tiber creek, $5,000, provided city of Washington apppropriates sufficient additional to complete work; Henry B. Ste. Marie, the spy in the Surratt case, $10,000; in all, $56,000. July 27, 1868. No. 116.-" Relating to pensions," arranges precedence to relatives. 1. Mothers. 2. Fathers. 3. Orphan brothers or sisters, under sixteen; pensions for wounds or disease, only when received in line of duty; with minor details. July 27, 1868. No. 117.-" To pay for indexing the tax-bill." July 27, 1868. No. 118.-" To correct an error in the enrollment of the' Act imposing taxes on distilled spirits and tobacco, and for other purposes,"' supplying the word "not" before "more than one pint" in last clause of section 48. July 27, 1868. No. 119.-" Amendatory of an act entitled' An act granting public lands to the State of Wisconsin, to aid in the construction of railroads in said State,' approved June 8, 1856," permits the change of benefit in lands granted for La Crosse and Milwaukee Railroad to Wisconsin Railroad Farm Mortgage Company. July 27, 1868. No. 120.-" Granting the right of way to certain railway companies over the Military Reservation at Fort Leavenworth." July 27, 1868. No. 121.-" Donating a portion of the Fort Leavenworth Military Reservation for the exclusive use of a public road." July 27, 1868. No. 122.-" Regulating the times and places of holding the District and Circuit Courts of the United States for the northern district of Florida." July 27, 1868. No. 123.-" To disapprove an Act of the Legislative Assembly of Washington Territory, redistricting the Territory, and re-assigning the judges thereto." July 27, 1868. No. 124.-To amend an act entitled "An act proposing to the State of Texas the establishment of her northern and western boundaries, the relinquishment of said State of all territory claimed by her, exterior to said boundaries, and of all het claims upon the United States, and to establish a territorial government for New Mexico." 1. Gives the Governor of New Mexico the "veto" power. 2. Constitutes the Secretary of the Territory ex-ofcio superintendent of public grounds and buildings. July 27, 1868. No. 125.-" To extend the laws of the United States relating to customs, commerce and navigation over the territory ceded to the United States by Russia, to establish a collection district therein, and for other purposes," the "other purposes" being a prohibition of the killing of fur-bearing animals, except under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury; giv ing jurisdiction of offences to the district courts in California, Oregon and Washington; au thorizes the Secrctary of the Treasury to remit penalties, and appropriates $50,000 to carry the act into effect, and to collect internal revenue. July 27, 1868. No. 126.-" Authorizing the Manufacturers' National Bank of New York to change its loca tion"-to the city of Brooklyn. July 27, 1868. 1869.] 253 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. No. 127.-" Relating to the district courts of Utah Territory," giving the Governor power to assign terms of district court. July 27, 186S. No. 128.-" Regulating judicial proceedings in certain cases, for the protection of officers and agents of the Government, and for the better protection of the treasury against unlawful claims." 1. Extends the provisions of section 8, of the act of July 28, 1866, "to protect the revenue, and for other purposes," and of section 12 of the act of Marchl 3, 1863, to all suits and proceedings, except those in behalf of the United States, against any officer, or for acts done during the rebellion by virtue or color of his office, or employment. 2. That no action shall be maintained by any alien or in his behalf or interest, against any person for acts or omissions as an officer or agent, under act of March 12, 1863, the act of July 2, 1864, or any other act of Congress relative to the insurrectionary states, and such facts may be pleaded in bar; but this shall not deprive citizens of a government allowing citizens of the United States to prosecute claims against it in its courts, the privilege of bringing suit in the Court of Claims. 3. Declaring the intent and meaning of the act of March 12, 1863, to be the precluding of the owner of any property taken under that act from redress in any other court than the Court of Claims, and the defendant in all suits may plead the act in bar, provided that where claims are sustained under this act, no money shall be paid except after appropriation. July 27, 1868.. PUBLIC RESOLUTIONS. The following are the Public Resolutions of general interest: No. 1.-Resolution excluding from the electoral college votes of certain States lately in Rebellion. That none of the States whose inhabitants were lately in rebellion shall be entitled to representation in the electoral college for the choice of President and Vice President of the United States, nor shall any electoral votes be received or counted from any of such States, unless at the time prescribed by law for the choice of electors the people of such States, pursuant to the acts of Congress in that behalf, shall have, since the fourth day of March, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, adopted a constitution of State government under which a State government shall have been organized and shall be in operation, nor unless such election of electors shall have been held under the authority of such constitution and government, and such State shall have also become entitled to representation in Congress, pursuant to the acts of Congress in that behalf: Provided, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to apply to any State which was represented in Congress on the fourth day of March, eighteen hundred and sixtyseven. (Vetoed and repassed). No. 4.-That the Secretary of the Navy be, and he is hereby, authorized to dispose of such iron-clad vessels, except those of the "Dictator," "Kalamazoo," "Monadnock," and "Passaic" classes, as in his judgment are not required by the interests of the service, at a price to be determined by appraisal, to be made by a board of not less than five naval officers, two of whom shall be engineers. No. 5.-That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby authorized and directed to take immediate measures for the reduction of the expenses of the army and of the war department at and in the vicinity of New York city, at as early a day as practicable, by concentrating the business of the quartermaster, commissary, clothing, ordnance, and medical bureaus, and recruiting service in said city. No. 6.-" For the relief of destitute persons at the South," allows the issue of dessicated potatoes, &c., to "destitutes" in the South, under the direction of the Commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau. No. 8.-" To provide for a commission to examine and report on metres for distilled spirits," to report before March 1, 1869. No. 9.-That all moneys which have been received by any officer or employe[e] of the government, or any department thereof, from sales of captured and abandoned property in the late insurrectionary districts, under or under color of the several acts of Congress providing for the collection and sale of such property, and which have not already been actually covered into the treasury, shall immediately be paid into the treasury of the United States, together with any interest which has been received or accrued thereon. That a sum of the proceeds of such sales not exceeding seventy-five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated for the payment of the necessary expenses incurred by or under the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, for incidental expenses in acting under the laws respecting the collection and disposition of captured and abandoned property, and for the necessary expenses of defending. in the discretion of the Secretary of the Treasury, such suits as have been brought against him or his agents in the premises, and for prosecuting suits in the United States for the recovery of such property, and 254 [1869 PROCLAMATIONS OF THE PRESIDENT. for providing for the defence of the United States against suits for or in respect to such property in the court of claims. No. 11 —" To authorize the Secretary of War to employ counsel in certain cases," to provide counsel for Generals Meade and Ruger, and any other persons intrusted with the re-enforcement of the reconstruction acts. [Passed through lapse of time, without President's approval.] No. 14.-That section eight of an act entitled "An act granting lands to aid in the construc tion of a railroad and telegraph line from Lake Superior to Puget Sound, on the Pacific coast," is hereby so amended as to read as follows: That each and every grant, right, and privilege herein, are so made and given to and accepted by said Northern Pacific Railroad Company upon and subject to the following conditions, namely: That the said company shall commence the work on said road within two years from and after.the second day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, and shall complete not less than one hundred miles per year after the second year thereafter, and shall construct, equip, furnish, and complete the whole road by the fourth day of July, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy-seven. No. 15.-"Authorizing the Lighthouse Board to place warnings over obstructions at the entrance of harbors, or in the fairway of bays and sounds, and for other purposes," tihe "other purposes" being the appointment of a commissioner to examine the wreck of steamer Scotland, in the harbor of New York. No. 17.-That the time fixed and limited by an act entitled "An act granting lands to aid in the construction of certain railroads in the State of Wisconsin," approved May fifth, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, for the completion of the railroad from Tomah, in the county of Monroe, to Saint Croix river or lake, between townships twenty-five and thirty-one, be, and the same is hereby, further extended for a period of three years to the West Wisconsin Railroad Company, a corporation established by the laws of the State of Wisconsin, and which by the laws of said State, is entitled to the land grant made in the second section of said act: Prorvided, That if said railway company shall not have completed said railroad from Tonmah to Black River Falls, on or before the expiration of one year from the passage of this resolution, this act shall be null and void. No. 19.-That all who served as officers, non-commissioned officers, privates or other enlisted men in the regular army, volunteer or militia forces of the United States, during the war of the rebellion, and have been honorably discharged from the service or remain still in the same, shall be entitled to wear, on occasions of ceremony, the distinctive army badge ordered for and adopted by the army corps and division, respectively, in which they served. I No. 23.-That the people of the United States renew the expression of their sympathy with the suffering people of Crete, to whom they are bound by the ties of a common religion and of the gratitude due to the Greek race, of which the Cretans are a part; that they rejoice to believe that the suffering of this interesting people may be happily terminated by a policy of forbearance on the part of the Turkish Government. PROCLAMATIONS OF THE PRESIDENT. FIRST AMNESTY PROCLAMATION. Wiereas, In tlie month of July, A. D. 1861, in accepting the condition of civil war, which was brought about by insurrection and rebellion in several of the States which constitute the United States, the two houses of Congress did solemnly declare that the war was not waged on the part of the government in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjugation, nor for any purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of the States, but only to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution of the United States, and to preserve the Union with all the dignity, equality and rights of the several States unimpaired; and that so soon as these objects should be accomplished, the war on the part of the government should cease: And whereas, The President of the United States has heretofore, in the spirit of that declaration, and with the view of securing for it ultimate and complete effect, set forth several proclamations, offering amnesty and pardon to persons who had been or were concerned in the aforesaid rebellion, which proclamations, however, were attended with prudential reservations and exceptions, then deemed necessary and proper, and which proclamations were respectively issued on the 8th day of December, 1863, on the 26th day of March, 1864, on the 29th day of May, 1865, and on the 7th day of September, 1867: And wkereas, The said lamentable civil war has long since altogether ceased, with an acknowledged guarantee to all the States of the supremacy of the Federal Constitution and the government thereunder; and there no longer exists any reasonable ground to apprehend a re 1869.1 255 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. newal of the said civil war, or any foreign interference, or any unlawful resistance by any portion of the people of any of the States to the Constitution and laws of the United. States: And whereas, It is desirable to reduce the standing army, and to bring to a speedy termination military occupation, martial law, military tribunals, abridgment of freedom of speech and of the press, and suspension of the privilege of habeas comau, and the right of trial by jury-such encroachment upon our free institutions in times of peace being dangerous to public liberty, incompatible with the individual rights of the citizen, contrary to the genius and spirit of our republican form of government, and exhaustive of the national resources: And whereas, It is believed that amnesty and pardon will tend to secure a complete and universal establishment and prevalence of municipal law and order, in conformity with the Constitution of the United States, and to remove all appearances or presumptions of a retaliatory or vindictive policy on the part of the government attended by unnecessary disqualifications, pains, penalties, confiscations, and disfranchisements; and on the contrary, to promote and procure complete fraternal reconciliation among the whole people, with due submission to the Constitution and laws: Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do, by virtue of the Constitution and in the name of the people of the United States, hereby proclaim and declare, unconditionally and without reservation, to all and to every person who directly or indirectly participated in the late insurrection or rebellion, excepting such person or persons as may be under presentment or indictment in any court of the United States having competent jurisdiction upon a charge of treason or other felony, a full pardon and amnesty for the offence of treason against the United States, or of adhering to their enemies during the late civil war, with restoration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, and except also as to any property of which any person may have been legally divested under the laws of the United States. In testimony whereof, I have signed these presents with my hand, and have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed. Done at the city of Washington, the fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, and of the independence of the United States of America the ninety-third. ANDREW JOHNSON. By the President: WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. PROCLAMATION OF GENERAL AMNESTY INCLUDING ALL POLITICAL OFFENDERS. By the President of the United States of America, a Proclamation. WVhereas, The President of the United States has heretofore set forth several proclamations, offered amnesty and pardon to persons who had been or were concerned in the late rebellion against the lawful authority of the Government of the United States, which proclamations were severally issued on the 8th day of December, 1863, on the 26th day of March, 1864, on the 29th day of May, 1865, on the 7th day of September, 1867, and on the 4th day of July, in the present year: and Whereas, The authority of the Federal Government having been re-established in all the States and Territories within the jurisdiction of the United States, it is believed that such prudential reservations and exceptions as, at the dates of said several proclamations were deemed necessary and proper, may now be wisely and justly relinquished, and that an universal amnesty and pardon for participation in said rebellion, extended to all who have borne any part therein, will tend to secure permanent peace, order, and prosperity throughout the land, and to renew and fully restore confidence and fraternal feeling among the whole people, and their respect for, and attachment to the National government, designed by its patriotic founders for the general good: Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew, Johnson, President of the United States, by virtue of the power and authority in me vested by the Constitution, and in the name of the sovereign people of the United States, do hereby proclaim and declare, unconditionally and without reservation, to all and to every person who directly or indirectly participated in the late insurrection or rebellion, a full pardon and amnesty for the offence of treason against the United States or of adhering to their enemies during the late civil war, with restoration of all rights, privileges and immunities, under the Constitution and the laws which have been made in pursuance thereof. In testimony whereof I have signed these presents with my hand and have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed. Done at the city of Washington, the twenty-fifth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, and of the independence of the United States of America the ninety-third. ANDREW JOHNSON. By the President: F. W. SEWARD, Acting Secretary of State. (1869. 256 I FOURTEENTH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. August 13, 1868. — mation of treaty of friendship, commerce and navigation between United States and Nicaragua. August 22, 1868.-Pramation declaring Sitka a port of entry. October 9, 1868.-Procamation of treaty with Great Britain in regard to the rights of naturalized citizens, and similar to the treaty with the North German Confederation. October 31, 1868.-Prodamation of a treaty with the Sacs and Foxes of the Mississippi, by which they cede to the United States all their lands, in return for which ample compensation is made, and a tract of land set aside in the Indian country south of Kansas for their future home. November 5, 1868.-Proclamation of an extradition treaty with Italy. November 9, 1868.- odamation of the ratification of a treaty between the United States and the Senecas, Shawnees, Quapaws, Peorias, Kaskaskias, Weas, Piankeshaws, Miamies, Ottawas, and certain Wyandottes. THFE FOURTEENTH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. The following is the text of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, as passed at the first session of the XXXIXth Congress, June 16, 1866: ARTICLE XIV. SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdic tion thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. SEc. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their re spective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male in habitants of such State. being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representa tion therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. SEC. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President or Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; but Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. SEC. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing the insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. SEC. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. On the 20th of July, 1868, Secretary Seward issued a circular reciting the action which had been had by the respective States, and on the 21st, Congress adopted a resolution declaring the foregoing article to be a part of the Constitution. OFFICIAL ANOUNCEMENT OF ITS RATIFICATION. TO ALL WHOX THESE PRESENTS MAY COIe, GREETING: Whereas, By an act of Congress passed on the 20th of Aprnl, 1818, entitled "An act to provide for the publication of the laws of the United States, and for other purposes," it is declared that "whenever official notice shall have been received at the Department of State that any amendment which heretofore has been and hereafter may be proposed to the Constitution of the United States has been adopted according to the provisions of the Constitution, it shall be the duty of the said Secretary of State forthwith to cause the said amendment to be published in the newspapers authorized to promulgate the laws, with his certificate, specifying the statute by which the same may have been adopted, and that the same has become valid to all intents and purposes as a part of the Constitution of the United States." 17 1869.1 257 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. And Whereas, The Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, on the 21st day of July, 1868, adopted and transmitted to the Department of State a concurrent resolution, which concurrent resolution is in the words and figures following, to wit: Whereas, The Legislatures of the States of Connecticut, Tennessee, New Jersey, Oregon, Vermont, West Virginia, Kansas, Missouri, Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Minnesota, New York, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Michigan, Nevada, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Maine, Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, Alabama, South Carolina, and Louisiana, being three-fourths and more of the several States of the Union, have ratified the 14th article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States, duly proposed by two-thirds of each House of the XXXIXth Congress; therefore Resoved, By the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), that said Fourteenth Article is hereby declared to be a part of the Constitution of the United States, and it shall be duly promulgated as such by the Secretary of State. And whereas, Official notice has been received at the Department of State, that the Legislatures of the several States next hereinafter named have, at the time respectively herein mentioned, taken the proceedings, hereinafter recited, upon or in relation to the ratification of the said proposed amendment, called Article 14, namely: The Legislature of Connecticut ratified the amendment, June 30,1866. The Legislature of New Hampshire ratified it July 7,1866. The Legislature of Tennessee ratified it July 19, 1866. The Legislature of New Jersey ratified it September 11, 1866, and the Legislature of the same State passed a resolution in April, 1866, to withdraw its consent to it. The Legislature of Oregon ratified it Sept. 19,1866. The Legislature of Texas rejected it Nov. 1, 1866. The Legislature of Vermont ratified it on or previous to Nov. 9,1866. The Legislature of Georgia rejected it Nov. 13,1866, and the Legislature of the same State ratified it July 21, 1868. The Legislature of North Carolina rejected it Dec. 4,1866, and the Legislature of the same State ratified it July 4,1868. The Legislature of South Carolina rejected it Dec.20, 1866, and the Legislature of the same State ratified it July 9,1868. The Legislature of Virginia rejected it Jan. 9, 1867. The Legislature of Kentucky rejected it Jan. 10, 1867. The Legislature of New York ratified it Jan.10, 1867. The Legislature of Ohio ratified it Jan. 11, 1867, and the Legislature of the same State passed a resolution in January, 1868, to withdraw its consent to it. The Legislature of Illinois ratified it Jan. 15,1867. The Legislature of West Virginia ratified it Jan. 16, 1867. The Legislature of Kansas ratified it Jan. 18, 1867. The Legislature of Maine ratified it Jan. 19, 1867. The Legislature of Nevada ratified it Jan. 22, 1867. The Legislature of Missouri ratified it on or previous to Jan. 26, 1867. The Legislature of Indiana ratified it Jan. 29, 1867. The Legislature of Minnesota ratified it Feb. 1, 1867. The Legislature of Rhode Island ratified it Feb. 7, 1867. The Legislature of Delaware rejected it Feb. 7,1867. The Legislature of Wisconsin ratified it Feb. 12,1867. The Legislature of Pennsylvania ratified it Feb. 13, 1867. The Legislature of Michigan ratified it Feb. 15, 1867. The Legislature of Massachusetts ratified it March 20,1867. The Legislature of Maryland rejected it March 23, 1867. The Legislature of Nebraska ratified it June 11, 1867. The Legislature of Iowa ratified it April 3, 1868. The Legislature of Arkansas ratified it April 6, 1868. The Legislature of Florida ratified it June 9, 1868. The Legislature of Louisiana ratified it July 9, 1868, and the Legislature of Alabama ratified it July 13, 1868. And now, therefore, be it known that I, William HI. Seward, Secretary of State of the United States, in execution of the aforesaid act, and of the aforesaid concurrent resolution of the 21st of July, 1868, and in conformance thereto, do hereby direct the said proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States to be published in the newspapers authorized to promulgate the laws of the United States, and I do hereby certify that the said proposed amendment has been adopted in the manner herein before-mentioned by the States specified in the said concurrent resolution, namely: the States of Connecticut, New Hampshire, Tennessee, New Jersey, Oregon, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Illinois, West Virginia, Kansas, Maine, Nevada, Missouri, Indiana, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Iowa, Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, Louisiana, South Carolina, Alabama, and also by the Legislature of the State of Georgia. The States thus specified being more than three-fourths of the States of the United States, I do further certify that the said amendment has become valid to all intents and purposes as a part of the Constitution of the United States. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the Department of State to be affixed. Done at the City of Washington, this 28th day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand .eight hundred and sixty-eight, and of the independence of the United States of America the .ninety-third. WILLIAM H. SEWARD, &cetary o S. [1869. 258 SCHEDULE OF STAMP DUTIES. SCHEDULE OF STAMP DUTIES. AGREEMENT OR CONTRACT, other than those specified in this schedule, any Appraisement of damage, or for any other purpose; for every sheet or piece of paper on which written $0.05 If more than one agreement be written on the sheet of paper, for each.................05 ASSIGNMENT of Mortgage, or Insurance Policy, same stamp as original document. BANK CHECK, or Order, for any amount.................................................... 02 BILL OF EXCHANGE, (inland), Draft or Order, otherwise than at sight, or on demand, or any memorandum, check, receipt, promissorynote, or other written orprinted evidence of money to be paid on demand or a time designated,for a sum not exceeding $100..05 For every additional $100, or fractional part thereof....................................05 BELL OF EXCHANGE, (foreign,) drawn in but payable out of the United States, if drawn singly or otherwise than in a set of three or more.................................05 BILL OF EXCHANGE, if drawn in sets of three or more for every bill of each set, for $100 or less, or its equivalent in the foreign currency expressed in it....................02 For every additional $100 or fractional part thereof....................................02 BILL OF LADING, or Receipt (other than Charter-Party) for goods to be exported to for eign port. Duplicate same stamp as original......................................10 BILL OF SALE of any ship or vessel, or any part thereof, where the consideration is $500 or less.............................................................................50 Exceeding $500 and less than $1,000................................................. 1.00 Exceeding $1,000, for every additional $500............................................50 Of personal property..................................................................05 BONDS OF INDEMNITY, Penalty $1,000 or less...............................................50. Penalty exceeding $1,000, for every additional $1,000 or fractional part thereof.........50 For due execution or performance of duties of office.................................. 1.00 BOND of any description, other than such as are required in legal proceedings, or are used in connection with mortgages, and not otherwise charged.........................25 BOND AND MORTGAGE. See Mortgage. CERTIFICATE OF STOCK in any incorporated company.....................................2 " OF PROFITS, in an incorporated company, for $10 or under, to $50............10 For over $50 and not over $1,000......................................................25 For over $1,000, for every $1,000.......................................................25 Of Damage...........................................................................25 Of Deposit, for a sum not exceeding $100.............................................02 Exceeding $100........................................................................05 Of any other description..............................................05 CHARTER-PARTY, if tonnage does not exceed 150 tons.................................... 1.00 Exceeding 150 tons and less than 300 tons............................................. 3.00 Exceeding 300 tons and less than 600 tons............................................. 5.00 Exceeding 600 tons................................................................... 10.00 CONTRACT, issued by brokers, &c.........................................................10 CONVEYANcE, deed, instrument, or writing, whereby any lands, tenements, or other realty sold shall be granted, assigned, transferred, or otherwise conveyed to or vested in the purchaser, when the consideration or value does not exceed $500..............S50 Value exceeding $500 and not exceeding $1,000....................................... 1.00 Exceeding $1,000, for every $500 or less additional..................................... 50 ENTRY, Custom House, for consumption or warehousing not exceeding $100................25 Exceeding $100, and not exceeding $500................................................50 Exceeding $500........................................................................ 1.00 ENTRY, WITHDRAWAL..................................................................50 INSURANCE (Life) Policy, for $1,000 or less.................................................25 Exceeding $1,000, and not over $5,000.................................................50 Exceeding $5,000....................................................................00 (Marine, Inland and Fire,) each Policy, consideration paid for which not exceeding $10..10 Exceeding $10, and not exceeding $50.................................................25 Exceeding $50.........................................................................50 LEASE, where rent is $300 or less............................................50............. Exceeding $300, for every additional $200.............................................50 MANIFEST, tonnage not exceeding 300 tons............................................... Exceeding 300 tons, and not exceeding 606tons....................................... 3.00 Exceeding 600 tons................................................................... 5.00 1869.] 259 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MORTGAGE on any personal bond given as security for the payment of any definite sum of money, exceeding $100, and not exceeding $500.................................. $0.50 Exceeding $500, for every additional $500 or fractional part thereof.....................50 PASSAGE TICKETS to Foreign ports, not exceeding $35.....................................50 Exceeding $35, and not exceeding $50........................................... 1.00 Exceeding $50, for every additional $50 or fractional part thereof.....................50 POWER OF ATTORNEY, for sale of stock, &c...............................................25 Or Proxy to vote......................................................................10 To collect rents........................................................................25 To sell land'.................................................................. 1.00 POWER OF ATTORN-EY for other purposes..................................................50 PROBATE OF WILL or Letters of Administration, estate not exceeding in value $2,000..... 1.00 For every additional $1,000 in excess of $2,000.........................................50 PROTEST.............................................................................25 RECEIPTS, for the payment of money or a debt due, exceeding $20, not being for mortgage, judgment, or decree; and receipt for delivery of property, except express receipts..02 Warehouse, for goods not exceeding $500 in value.....................................10 Exceeding $500 and not exceeding $1,000..............................................20 Exceeding $1,000, for every additional $1,000 or fractional part.........................10 For goods not otherwise provided for....................................................25 WRIT, or other original process by which any suit is commenced in any Court of Record...50 In any court not of record, amount claimed being $100 or over.........................50 Appeals from Justice's Court.........................................................50 WARRANT OF DISTRESS, amount of rent not over $100......................................25 Exceeding $100.........................................................................50 Penalties. Penalty for making, signing, or issuing any instrument, document, or paper of any kind whatsoever, without the same being duly stamped, $200, and the instrument, shall be deemed invalid and of no effect; or for counterfeiting stamps or dies,,$1,000, and imprisonment to hard labor not exceeding five years. Penalty for making, signing, issuing, accepting or paying any Bill of Exchange, Draft, Order, or Promissory Note without stamp, $200. Penalty for accepting or paying a foreign Bill of Exchange without first affixing a stamp, $100. Penalty recoverable from any Telegraph for receiving or transmitting any message without the proper adhesive stamp being affixed to a written copy thereof, $10. General Remarks. In all cases, the person affixing the stamp should write upon it the initials of his name and the date when used. The law does not designate which of the parties to an instrument shall furnish the necessary stamp, nor does the Commissioner of Internal Revenue assume to determine that it shall be supplied by one party rather than by another; but if an instrument subject to stamp duty is issued without having the necessary stamps affixed thereto, it cannot be recorded, or admitted, or used as evidence, in any court, until a legal stamp or stamps, denoting the amount of tax, shall have been affixed as prescribed by law, and the person who thus issues it is liable to a penalty, if he omits the stamps with an intent to evade the provisions of the internal revenue act. No stamp is necessary upon an instrument executed prior to October 1, 1862, to make it admissible in evidence, or to entitle it to record. Certificates of loan in which there shall appear any written or printed evidence of an amoimnt of money to be paid on demand, or at a time designated, are subject to stamp duty as "promissory notes." When two or more persons join in the execution of an instrument, the stamp to which the instrument is liable under the law may be affixed and cancelled by either of them; and "when more than one signature is affixed to the same paper, one or more stamps may be affixed thereto, representing the whole amount of the stamp required for such signatures." No stamp is required on any warrant of attorney accompanying a bond or note, when such bond or note has affixed thereto the stamp or stamps denoting the duty required; and, whenever any bond or note is secured by mortgage, but one stamp duty is required on such paperssuch stamp duty being the highest rate required for such instruments, or either of them. In such case a note or memorandum of the value or denomination of the stamp affixed should be made upon the margin or in the acknowledgment of the instrument which is not stamped. 11869. 260 1869.]. FORTIETH CONGRESS. FORTIETH CONGRESS.-Concluded. A IETICAL LIST Op SENATORS,-Concluded from page 78. Abbott, Joseph C. McDonald, Alexander Robertson, Thos. J. Warner, Willard Harris, John S. Osborn, Thos. W. Sawyer, Frederic A. Welch, Adonijah S Kellogg, Wm. Pitt Pool, John Spencer, Geo. E. McCreery, Thos. C. Rice, Ba'amin F. Vicker, Geo. ALPHABETICAL lIST OF REPRESENTATIYES,-Concluded from page 78. Beatty, John Delano, Columbus Haughey, Thos. Pierce, Chas. W. Blackburn, W. Jasper Deweese, John T. Heaton, David Prince, Chas. H. Boles, Thos. Dickey, Oliver J. Jones, Alexander H. Roots, Logan H. Bowen, C. C. Dockery, Oliver II. Kellogg, Francis W. Stover, John II. Boyden, Nathaniel Edwards, Wm. P. Lash, Israel T. Sypher, J. Hale Buckley, Chas. W. French, John R. McKee, Sam'l Tift, Nelson Callis, John B. Goss, James H. Newsham, Joseph P. Vidal, Michael Clift, J. W. Gove, Sam'l F. Norris, Benj.W. Whittemore, Benj. F. Corley, Simeon Hamilten, Chas. M. Pettis, S. Newton Young, P. M. B. STANDING COXxMITTEES ON THE PART OF TIlE SENATE. Foreign Relations. Messrs. Sumner (chairman), Fessenden, Cameron, Harlan, Morton, Patterson of New Hampshire, and Bayard. Financ,. Messrs. Sherman (chairman), Morgan, Warner, Williams, Corbett, Henderson, Morrill of Vermont. Appropriations. Messrs. Morrill of Maine, (chairman), Grimes, Howe, Wilson, Cole, Conkling, Buckalew. Commerce. Messrs. Chandler (chairman), Morrill of Vermont, Vickers, Spencer, Kellogg, and Corbett. Manufactures. Messrs. Sprague (chairman), Yates, Abbott, Dixon, and Robertson. Agricutture. Messrs. Cameron (chairman), Cattell, Tipton, Welch, and McCreery. Military Affairs and the Militia. Messrs. Wilson (chairman), Sprague, Cameron, Morton, Abbott, Thayer, and Doolittle. Naval Affairs. Messrs. Grimes (chairman), Anthony, Cragin, Frelinghuysen, Drake, Hendricks. Judiciary. Messrs. Trumbull (chairman), Stewart, Frelinghuysen, Edmunds, Conkling, Rice, Hendricks. Post-Offes and Post Roads. Messrs. Ramsey (chairman), Conness, Pomeroy, Van Winkle, McDonald, Welch, and Dixon. Public Lands. Messrs. Pomeroy (chairman), Stewart, Osborne, Williams, Tipton, Hendricks, and Warner. Private Land Claims. Messrs. Williams (chairman), Sumner, Kellogg, Ferry, Bayard. Indian Affairs. Messrs. Henderson (chairman), Morrill of Maine, Ross, Corbett, Thayer, Buckalew, Doolittle. Pensions. Messrs. Van Winkle (chairman), Edmunds, Fowler, Tipton, Davis, Spencer, and Sawyer. PRevolutionary C'aims. Messrs. Nye (chairman), Chandler, Pool, Patterson of Tenn., and Saulsbury. Claims. Messrs. Howe (chairman), Willey,- Frelinghuysen, Howard, Robertson, Cole, and Davis. District of Columbia. Messrs. Harlan (chairman), Sumner, Rice, Patterson (N. H.), Harris, Patterson (Tenn.), and Vickers. Patents and the Patent O.ie. Messrs. Willey, Osborne, Thayer, Ferry, and Norton. Public Buildings and Gends. Messrs. Fessenden (chairman), Trumbull, Ferry, Davis, and Whyte. Territories. Messrs. Yates (chairman), Nye, Cragin, Fowler, McDonald, Ferry, McCreery, Davis, and Norton. Pacific Railroad. Messrs. Howard (chairman), Sherman, Morgan, Conness, Ramsey, Stewart, Wilson, Harlan, and Drake. To Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate. Messrs. Cragin (chairman), Morrill (Vt.), and Buckalew. Engrossed BUlls. Miessrs. Fowler (chairman), Sumner, and Norton. 261 262 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. Mines and Mftninny. Messrs. Conness (chairman), Chandler, Anthony, Yates, Ross, Saulsbury, and Whyte. Revision of the Laws of the United States. Messrs. Conkling (chahirmnan), Sumner, Bales, Bayard, and Pool. Special Committee on Railways. Messrs. Sherman (chairman), Sumner, Buckalew, Chandler, Stewart, Ramsey, and Vickers. Committee to inquire whether any improper means have been used, or attempted to be wed, for influencing the vote of Senators upon the Impeachment. Messrs. Buckalew, Morrill (Me.), Chandler, Stewart, and Thayer. JOINT STANDING COMMITTEES ON THE PART OF THE SENATE. Printing. Messrs. Anthony, Whyte, and Harris. Enroled Bills. Messrs. Ross, Patterson (N.H.), and Dixon. Library. Messrs. Morgan, Howe, and Fessenden. Retrenchment. Messrs. Edmunds, Williams, Patterson (N. H.), and Buckalew. To Revise and Fix the Pay of the Offlcers of the Two Houses. Messrs. Fessenden, Sherman, and Buckalew. To Examine Claims and Accounts for Repairs, and Furnishing the Executive Mansion. Messrs. Harland (chairman), and Norton. Ordnance. Messrs. Howard (chairman), Cameron, and Drake. Revising Rules of the Senate. Messrs. Anthony (chairman), Pomeroy, and Edmunds. HOusE APPOINTMENTS TO FILL VACANCIES. Revision of Laws. Messrs. McKee (Ky.), Dickey (Penn.), Boyden (N. C.), and Butler (Tenn.) .Eections. Messrs. Pettus (Penn.), and Stover (Mo.) Commerce. Mr. Kellogg (Ala.) App tions. Mr. Scofield (Penn.) Pacific Railroad. Mr. Trimble (Ky.) Reconstruction. Mr. Norris (Ala.) Military. Messrs. Deweese (N. C.), and Sypher (La.) Freedmen's Affairs. Mr. Bowen (S. C.) F,ducation and Labor. Mr. Whittemore (S. C.) Revolutionmry Pensions. Messrs. Jones (N. C.), Clift (Ga.), and Blackburn (La.) Revolutionary Claims. Messrs. Dockery (N. C.), Goss (S. C.), and Edwards (Ga.) Mileage. Mr. Young of Georgia. Enroled Bilk. Mr. Callis of Alabama. Expenditures in the State Department. Messrs. Vidal (La.), Corley (Ga.), and Boles (Ark.) Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Messrs. Lash (N. C.), and Tift (Ga.) Expenditures in the War Department. Mr. French of North Carolina. Expenditures in the Navy Department. Messrs. Buckalew (Ala.), and Gore (Ga.) Expenditures in the Post-Office Department. Mr. Newsham of Louisiana. Expenditures in the Inte7ior Department. Messrs. Pierce (Ala.), and Prince (Ga.) Expenditures on PUgic Buildings. Mr. Haughey of Alabama. [RST CONGRESS-AS FAR A: THB SENATE. Te~ Tswm I~IANA. *T,,Term,, DBLAWARE.ex,. Willard Saulsbury..........1871 Thos. Bayard.............1875 FLORIDA. Abijah Gilbert........... 1875 Thomas W. Osborn........1873 CALIFORNIA ~ KAEsRs. H. V. M. Miller.............1871 Joshua Hill.............. 1873 ILLINOIS. Richard Yates............. 1871 Lyman Trumbull......... 1878 ALABAMA. expires. Willard Warner........... 1871 ~ George E. Spencer........ 1873 ARKANSAS. Alexander McDonald.....1871 Term INDRANA. oTtres. Oliver P. Morton........... 873 D. D. Pratt..........*....1 875 IowA. James W. Grimes......... 187f Jimesl Harlan.............1873 KANSAS. Edmund G. Ross.........1871 Samuel C. Pomeroy.......1873 KENTUCKY. Thos. C. McCreery....... 1871 Garret Davis............. 1878 CALIFORNIA. Cornelius Cole............ 1873 Eugene Casserly.......... 1875 CONNECTICUT. Orris S. Ferry............. 1873 William A. Buckingham.. 1875 FORTY-FIRST CONGRESS. NEBRASKA. John M. Thayer.........1871......1871 Thomas W. Tipton...... 1875 NEVADA. James W. Nye...... 1873 William M. Stewart....... 1875 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Aaron H. Cragin........1871 James W. Patterson...... 1873 NEW JERSEY. Alexander G. Cattell.... 1871 John P. Stockton....... 1875 NEW YORK. Roscoe Conkling..........1873 Reuben E. Fenton........1875 NORTH CAROLINA. Joseph C. Abbott.........1871 John Pool................1873 OHIO. John Sherman............ 1873 Allen G. Thurman........1875 OREGON. George H. Williams......1871 Henry W. Corbett.....1873 PENNSYLVANIA. Simon Cameron...........1873 John Scott...............1875 MICHIGAN. Jacob M. Howard......... 1871 Zachariah Chandler.....,.. 1875 WEST VIRGINIA.. Waitman T. Willey....... 1871 Arthur I. Boreman........1875 HousE OF REPRESENTATITES. 10. Albert G. Burr. 11. Samuel S. Marshadl. 12. John B. Hay. 13. John M. Krebs. INDIANA. 1. William E. Niblack 2. Michael C. Kerr. 3. William S. Holman. 4. George W. Julian. 5. John Coburn. 6. Daniel W. Voorhees. 7. Godlove S. Orth. 8. Daniel D. Pratt. 9. John P. C. Shanks. 10. William Williams. 11. Jasper Packard. CONNECTICUT. (Elects four members in April). LOUISIANA. 1. Louis St. Martin. 2. Lewis A. Sheldon. 8. Adolphe Bailey. 4. Michael Ryan. 5. George W. M cCie. MAINZ. 1. John Lynch. 2. Samuel Morrill. 3. James G. Blaine. 4. John A. Peters. 5. Eugene Hale. MARYLAND. 1. Samuel Hambleton. 2. Stevenson Archer. 3. Thomas Swann. 4. Patrick Hamill. 5. Frederick Stone. IOWA. 1. George W. McCrary. 2. William Smyth. 3. William B. Allison. 4. William Loughridge. 5. Francis W. Jalmer., 6. Charles Pomeroy. K1NSAS. 1. Sidney Clarke. KENTUCKY. 1.L. S. Trimble. 2. Wm. M. Sweeney. 3. Jacob S. Golladay. 4. J. Proctor Knott. . Boyd Winchester. 6. Thomas L. Jones. 7. James B. Beck. 8. George M. Adams. 9.John M. Rice. MASSACHUSETTS. 1. James Buffinton. 2. Oakes Ames. 3. Ginery TwitchelL 4. Samuel Hooper. 5. Benjamin F. Butler. 6. Nathaniel P. Banks. 7. George S. Boutwell. 8. George F. Hoar. 9. Wm.B. Washburn. i0. Henry L. Dawes. GEORGIA. (No election for this Congress). ILLINOIS. John A. Logan. At Large. 1. Norman B. Judd. 2. J. F. Farnsworth. 3. E. B. Washburne. 4. John B. Hawley. 5. Ebon C. Ingersoll 6. Burton C. Cook. 7. Jesse A. Moore. 8. Shelby M. Cullom. 9. Tho'n W. McNeeley. 1869.1 263 RHODIM IS Henry B. Anthony....... 1871 William Sprague......... 1875 LouirsuwA. Wm. Pitt Kellogg... 1871 John G. Harris........... 1873 MAIN]&. 'Wm. Pitt Fessenden...... 1871 Hannibal Ham......... 18'i5 SOUTH CABOLLWA. Thomas J. Roberton..... 1871 Frederick A. Sawyer...... 1873 TEwNicssEim. Joseph S. Fowler........ 1871 William G. Brownlow.....1875 MARYL"D. Geor —e Vickeri3........... 1873 Wm. T. Hami' ton........ 1875 MASSACHUSICTT9. Henry Wilson............. 1871 Charfes Sumner........... 1875 TNXAS. (Not represented In the I -Senat-e)................. iVICIAMONT. - Justin S. Morrill.......... 1873 George F. Edmunds...... 1875 MMNIKBOTA. Daniel S. Norton.......... 1871 Alexander Ramsey....... 1875 VMGINIA. (Not represented In the Senate)................... Milsslissippil. (Not represented in the Senate).............. i... .3fissouRi. Charles D. Dmke......... 1873 Carl8churz............... 1875 Wiscolqslw. Timothy 0. Howe........ I i Matt. H. Carpenter......1875 ALABAXA. (No members of Congress chosen in 1868). ARxAwSAB. 1. Logan 11. Roots. 2. A. A. C. Rogeri3. 3. L. B. Nash. CALIFORNU. 1. Samuel B. Axtell. 2. Aaron A. Sarzent. 3. Jamefj A. Jonson. DELAWARIC. 1. Benjamin T. Brigg%. FLORIDA. . 1. Charles. M. HamUton. MICILIGAN. 1. Femando C. BeamM 2. Wm. L. Stoughton. ,3. Austin Blair.4. Thomas W. Ferry, THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 21. Alexander H. Bailey. 22. John C. Churchill. 23. Dennis McCarthy. 24. George W. Cowles. 25. William H. Kelsey. 26. Giles W. Hotchkiss. 27. Hamilton Ward. 28. Noah Davis, Jr. 29. John Fisher. 30. David S. Bennett. 31. Porter Sheldon. NORTH CAROLINA. 1. C. L. Cobb. 2. David Heaton. 3. Oliver H. Dockery. 4. John T. Deweese. 5. Israel G. Lash. 6. Francis E. Shober. 7. Plato Durham. MississiPPi Noregularelection. TheState is still unreconstructed). MISSOURI. 1. Erastus Wells. 2. G. A. Finkelburg. 3. J. R. McCormick. 4. Sempro. H. Boyd. 5. Samuel S. Burdett. 6. James Shields. 7. John F. Asper. 8. John F. Benjamin. 9. William T. Switzer. NEBRASKA. 1. John Taffe. OHIO. 1. Philip W. Strader. 2. Job E. Stevenson. 3. Robert C. Schenck. 4. William Lawrence. 5. William Mungen. 6. John A. Smith. 7. James J. Winans. 8. Jahn Beatty. 9. Edward F. Dickinson. 10. Truman H. H oag. 11. John T. Wilson. 12. Philad. V. Trump. 13. George W. Morgan. 14. Martin Welker. 15. Eliakim H. Moore. 16. John A. Bingham. 17. Jacob A. Ambler. 18. William H. Upson. 19. James A. Garfield. OREGON. 1. J. S. Smith. NEw HAmPSHIRLE. (Will elect three members in March). NEW JEREl Y. 1. William Moore. 2. Charles Haizht. 3. John T. Bird. 4. John Hill. 5. Orestes Cleveland. 'NEw YORK. 1. Henry A. Reeves. 2. John G. Schumaker. 3. Henry W. Slocum. 4. John Fox. 5. John Morrissey. 6. Samuel S. Cox. 7. Harvey C. Calkins 8. James Brooks. 9. Fernando Wood. 10. Clarkson N. Potter. 11. George W. Greene. 12. John H. Ketcham. 13. John A. Griswold. 14. Stephen L. Mayham. 15. Adolphus H. Tanner. 16. Orange Ferriss. 17. William A. Wheeler. 18. Stephen Sanford. 19. Charles S. Knapp. 20:. Addison H. Laflm. VERMONT. 1. Charles W. Willard. 2. Luke P. Poland. 3. Worthington C. Smith., lrIRGINIA. (No election held since the vote bfor a Convention in 1867). POLITICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CONGRESS. Were the States all reconstructed and represented in Congress, the number of Senators would be 74, and the number of members of the House of Representatives 243. But as Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia are not represented, the present number is, in the Senate 66, and in the House of Representatives, 225. In the Fortieth Congress, the members are politically classified as follows: In the Senate Republicans, 54; Democrats, 12; Republican majority, 42. In the House-Republicans, 174; Democrats, 48-3 vacancies; Republican majority, 126. In the Forty-first Congress, the members elect are: In the Senate-Republicans, 56; DemOcrats, 11-7 vacancies; Republican majority, 45. In the House-Republicans, 132; Democrats, 74; Republican majority, 58,-37 vacancies, or not yet elected. I .[1869. 264 5. Omar D. Conger I 6. Randolph Str'lckland. 16. John Cessna. 17. Daniel J. Morrill. 18. William H. Armstrong 19. Gle ni W. Scofield. 20. Calvin W. Gilfillan. 21. Henry D. Foster. (Confested by John vode)' 22. Jame Ne le ip 23. Darwn 24. Jame. B. D..l Y. S MINNESOTA. 1. 3forton S. Wilkinson. 2. Eugene M. Wilton. Co. RIffODIC ISLAND. 1. Thomas A. Jenckes. 12. Nathan F.,Dixon. SOUTH CAROL-INA. 1. B. F.'Whittemore. 2. C. C. Bowen. 3. J. P. Reed. - 4. W. D. Simpson. TL,NNzssimic. 1. Robert R. Butler. 2. Horace Maynard. 3. William B.'Stokes. 4. Lewis Tillman. 5. William F. Prosser. 6..Samuel M. Arnell. 7. Isaac Ri Hawkins. S. John W. Leftwich. NEVADA. 1. Thomas Fitch. I TTXAS. (No election held in this State except for a Constitutional Convention). PENNSYLVANIA. 1. Samiiel J. Randall. 2. Charles O'Neill. 3. John Moffatt. 4. William D. Kelley. 5. John R. Reading. 6. John D. Stiles. 7. Washington Townsend. 8. J. Lawrence Getz. 9. Oliver J; Dickey10 Henry L. Cake. ii: Dani -el M. Van Auken. 12. George W. Woodward. 13. Ulyses Mercur. 14. John B. Parker. 1.5. Richard J. Haldemgn. WICST VIRGINIA. 1. Isaac H. Diival. 2. Janies C. McGrew. 3. John S. Witcher. WI[SCONSIN. 1. Halbert E. Paine. 2'Benjamin F. Hopkins. 3. Amasa Cobb. 4. Charles A. Eldridgp. 5. Philetus Sawyer. 6. Cad. C. Wuhwburne. NATIONAL PLATFORMS. NATIONAL PLATFORMS OF 1868, REPUBLICAN, AT CHICAGO, MAY. The National Republican party of the United States, assembled in National Convention in the city of Chicago, on the 21st of May, 1866, make the following declaration of principles: 1. We congratulate the country on the assured success of the reconstruction policy of Con gress, as evinced by the adoption, in a majority of the States lately in rebellion, of constitutions securing equal civil and political rights to all; and it is the duty of the Government to sustain those institutions and to prevent the people of such States from being remitted to a state of anarchy. 2. The guaranty by Congress of'equal suffrage to all loyal men at the South was demanded by every consideration of public safety, of gratitude, and of justice, and must be maintained: while the question of suffrage in all the loyal States properly belongs to the people of those States. 3. We denounce all forms of repudiation as a national crime; and the national honor requires the payment of the public indebtedness in the uttermost good faith to all creditors at home and abroad, not only according to the letter, but the spirit of the laws under which it was contracted. 4. It is due to the labor of the nation that taxation should be equalized, and reduced as rap idly as the national faith will permit. 5. The national debt, contracted as it has been for the preservation of the Union for all time to come, should be extended over a fair period for redemption; and it is the duty of Congress to reduce the rate of interest thereon, whenever it can be honestly done. 6. That the best policy to diminish our burden of debt is to so improve our credit that capi talists will seek to loan us money at lower rates of interest than we now pay, and must continue to pay so long as repudiation, partial or total, open or covert, is threatened or suspected. 7. The Government of the United States should be administered with the strictest economy; and the corruptions which have been so shamefully nursed and fostered by Andrew Johnson call loudly for radical reform. 8. We profoundly deplore the untimely and tragic death of Abraham Lincoln, and regret the accession to the Presidency of Andrew Johnson, who has acted treacherously to the people who elected him and the cause he was pledged to support; who has usurped high legislative and ju dicial functions; who has refused to execute the laws; who has used his high office to induce other officers to ignore and violate the laws; who has employed his executive powers to render insecure the property, the peace, liberty and life, of the citizen; who has abused the pardoning power; who has denounced the national legislature as unconstitutional! who has persistently and corruptly resisted, by every means in his power, every proper attempt at the reconstruction of the States lately in rebellion; who has perverted the public patronage into an engine of wholesale corruption; and who has been justly impeached for high crimes and misdemeanors, and properly pronounced guilty thereof by the vote of thirty-five Senators. 9. The doctrine of Great Britain and other European powers, that because a man is once a subject he is always so, must be resisted at every hazard by the United States, as a relic of feudal times, not authorized by the laws of nations, and at War with our national honor and independence. Naturalized citizens are entitled to protection in all their rights of citizenship, as though they were native-born; and no citizen of the United States, native or naturalized, must be liable to arrest and imprisonment by any foreign power for acts done or words spoken in this country; and, if so arrested and imprisoned, it is the duty of the Government to interfere in his behalf. 10. Of all who were faithful in the trials of the late war, there were none entitled to more especial honor than the brave soldiers and seamen who enfidured the hardships of campaign and cruise, and imperilled their lives in the service of the country; the bounties and pensions pro. vided by the laws for these brave defenders of the nation are obligations never to be forgotten; the widows and orphans of the gallant dead are the wards of the peoples-a sacred legacy bequeathed to the nation's protecting care. 11. Foreign immigration, which In the past has added so much to the wealth, development, and resources. and increase of power to this republic, the asylum of the oppressed of all nations, should be fostered and encouraged by a liberal and just policy. 12. This convention declares itself in sympathy with all oppressed peoples struggling for their rights. 13. That we highly commend the spirit of magnanimity and forbearance with which men who have served in the rebellion, but who now frankly and honestly co-operate with us in restoring the peace of the country and reconstructing the southern State governments upon the basis 1869.] 265 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. of impartial justice and equal rights, are received back into the communion of the loyal people; and we favor the removal of the disqualifications and restrictions imposed upon the late rebels in the same measure as the spirit of disloyalty will die out, and as may be consistent with the safety of the loyal people. 14. That we recognize the great principles laid down In the immortal Declaration of Independence, as the true foundation of democratic government; and we hail with gladness every effort toward making these principles a living reality on every inch of American soil. SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' NATIONAL CONVENTION AT CHICAGO, MAY. 1. Resolved, That the soldiers and sailors, steadfast now as ever to the Union and the flag, and fully recognizing the claims of General Ulysses S. Grant to the confidence of the American people, and believing that its victories under his guidance in war will be illustrated by him in peace by such measures as shall secure the fruits of our exertions and the restoration of the Union upon a loyal basis, we declare it as our deliberate conviction that he is the choice of the soldiers and sailors of the Union for the:office of President of the United States. 2. That in the maintenance of those principles which underlie our Government, and for which we fought during four years, we pledge our earnest and active support to the Republican party as the only political organization which, in our judgment, is true to the principles of loyalty and equality before the law. 3. That speaking for ourselves and the soldiers and sailors who imperilled their lives to preserve the Union, we believe that the impeachment of Andrew Johnson by the House of Representatives, for high crimes and misdemeanors in office, and his trial by the United States Senate, have presented unmistakable proofs of his guilt, and that whatever may be the judgment of the tribunal before which he is arraigned, the verdict of guilty has been rendered by the people, and we regard any Senator who has voted for acquittal as falling short of the proper discharge of his duty in this hour of the nation's trial, and as unworthy of the confidence of a brave and loyal people. 4. That the soldiers and sailors recognize no difference between native and adopted citizens, and they demand that the Government shall protect naturalized citizens abroad as well as those of native birth. GENERAL GRANT'S LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE. WASHINGTON, D. C. May 29,1868. General JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President National Union Republican Convention: In formally accepting the nomination of the National Union Republican Convention of the 21st of May instant, it seems proper that some statement of views beyond the mere acceptance of the nomination should be expressed. The proceedings of the convention were marked by wisdom, moderation, and patriotism, and I believe express the feelings of the great mass of those who sustained the country through its recent trials. I endorse their resolutions. If elected to the office of President of the United States, it will be my endeavor to administer all the laws in good faith, with economy, and with the view of giving peace. quiet and protection everywhere. In times like the present it is impossible, or at least eminently improper, to lay down a policy to be adhered to, right or wrong, through an administration of four years. New political issues, not foreseen, are constantly arising; the views of the public on old ones are constantly changing, and a purely administrative officer should always be left free to execute the will of the people. I always have respected that will and always sib<. Peace and universal prosperity, its sequence, with economy of administration, will lighten the burden of taxation, while it constantly reduces the national debt. Let us have peace. With great respect, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT. MR. COLFAX'S LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE. WASHINOTON, May 30,1868. Hon. J. R. HAWLEY, PresidentNational Union Republican Convention: DEAR Sm; The platform adopted by the patriotic convention over which you presided, and the resolutions which so happily supplement it, so entirely agree with my views as to a just national policy, that my thanks are due to the delegates, as much for this clear and auspicious declaration of principles as for the nomination with which I have been honored, and which I gratefully accept. 266 [1869. NATIONAL PLATFORMS. When a great rebellion, which imperilled the national existence, was at last overthrown, the duty of all others devolving on those intrusted with the responsibilities of legislation evidently was to require that the revolted States should be readmitted to participation in the Government against which they had warred only on such a basis as to increase and fortify, not to weaken or endanger, the strength of the nation. Certainly no one ought to have claimed that they should be readmitted under such rules that their organization as States could ever again be used, as at the opening of the war, to defy the national authority, or to destroy the national unity. This principle has been the pole star of those who have inflexibly insisted on the congressional policy your convention so cordially endorsed. Baffled by executive opposition, and by persistent refusals to accept any plan of reconstruction proffered by Congress, justice and public safety at last combined to teach us that only by an enlargement of suffrage in those States could the desired end be attained, and that it was even more safe to give the ballot to those who loved the Union than to those who had sought ineffectually to destroy it. The assured success of this legislation is being written on the adamant of history, and will be our triumphant vindication. More clearly, too, than ever before does the nation now recognize that the greatest glory of a republic is, that it throws the shield of its protection over the humblest and weakest of its people, and vindicates the rights of the poor and powerless as faithfully as those of the rich and powerful. I rejoice, too, in this convention, to find in your platform the frank and fearless avowal that the naturalized citizens must be protected abroad, "at every hazard, as though they were nativeborn." Our whole people are foreigners or descendants of foreigners. Our fathers established by arms their right to be called a nation. It remains for us to establish the right to welcome to our shores all who are willing by oaths of allegiance to become American citizens. Perpetual allegiance. as claimed abroad, is only another name for perpetual bondage, and would make all slaves to the soil where first they saw the light. Our national cemeteries prove how faithfully these oaths of fidelity to their adopted land have been sealed in the life blood of thousands upon thousands. Should we not then be faithless to the dead if we did not protect their living brethren in the enjoyment of that nationality, for which, side by side with the native-born, our soldiers of foreign birth laid down their lives. It was fitting, too. that the representatives of a party which had proved so true to national duty in time of war should speak so clearly in time of peace for the maintenance untarnished of national honor, national credit, and good faith as regards its debt, the cost of our national existence. I do not need to extend this reply by further comment on a platform which has elicited such hearty approval throughout the land. The debt of gratitude it acknowledges to the brave men who saved the Union from destruction-the frank approval of amnesty based on repentance and loyalty-the demand for the most thorough economy and honesty in the Government-the sympathy of the party of liberty with all throughout the world who long for the liberty we here enjoy-and the recognition of the sublime principles of the Declaration of Independence, are worthy of the organization on whose banners they are to be-written in the coming contest. Its past record cannot be blotted out or forgotten. If there had been no Republican party, slavery would to-day cast its baleful shadow over the republic. If there had been no Republican party, a free press and free speech would be as unknown from the Potomac to the Rio Grande as ten years ago. If the Republican party could have been stricken from existence when the banner of rebellion was unfurled, and when the response of "no coercion" was heard at the North, we would have had no nation to-day. But for the Republican party daring to risk the odium of tax and draft laws, our flag could not have been kept flying on the field till the longlooked-for victory came. Without a Republican party, the civil rights bill, the guarantee of equality under the law to the humble and defenceless as well as tb the strong, would not be to-day upon our national statute-book. With such inspirations from the past. and Following the example of the founders of the republic, who called the victorious general of the Revolution to preside over the land his triumphs had saved from its enemies, I cannot doubt that our labors will be crowned with success. And it will be a success that will bring restored hope, confidence, prosperity and progress, Sonth as well as North. West as well as East, and above all, the blessings under Providence of nationai concord and peace. Very truly, yours, SCHUYLER COLFAX. The nomination of General Grant was made on the first ballot. That of Mr. Colfax occurred on the fifth ballot. The vote for Mr. Colfax on each ballot was as follows:-1st, 115; 2d, 145; 3d, 165; 4th, 186; 5th, 541. The total vote was 648. 1869.] 267 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. DEMOCRATIC, AT NEW YORK, JULY. The Democratic party, in National Convention assembled, reposing its trust in the intelligence, patriotism, and discriminating justice of the people, standing upon the Constitution as the foundation and limitation of the powers of the Government, and the guarantee of the liberties of the citizen, and recognizing the questions of slavery and secession as having been settled, for all time to come, by the war or the voluntary action of the Southern States in constitutional conventions assembled, and never to be renewed or reagitated, do with the return of peace, demand: First-Immediate restoration of all the States to their rights in the Union under the Constitution, and of civil government to the American people. world-Amnesty for all past political offences, and the regulation of the elective franchise in the States by their citizens. T/ird-Payment of the public debt of the United States as rapidly as practicable; all moneys drawn from the people by taxation, except so much as is requisite for the necessities of the Government, economically administered, being honestly applied to such payment, and where the obligations of the Government do not expressly state upon their face, or the law under which they were issued does not provide that they shall be paid in coin, they ought, in right and in justice, to be paid in the lawful money of the United States. Fourth-Equal taxation of every species of property according to its real value, including Government bonds and other public securities. Ffth-One currency for the Government and the people, the laborer and the office-holder, the pensioner and the soldier, the producer and the bondholder. Sixth-Economy in the administration of the Government; the reduction of the standing army and navy; the abolition of the Freedmen's Bureau and all political instrumentalities designed to secure negro supremacy; simplification of the system, and discontinuance of inquisitorial modes of assessing and collecting Internal Revenue, so that the burden of taxation may be equalized and lessened; the credit of the Government and the currency made good; the repeal of all enactments for enrolling the State militia into national forces in time of peace; and a tariff for revenue upon foreign imports, and such equal taxation under the Internal Revenue laws as will afford incidental protection to domestic manufactures, and as will, without impairing the revenue, impose the least burden upon and best promote and encourage the great industrial interests of the country. Se&renth-Reform of abuses in the administration, the expulsion of corrupt men from office, the abrogation of useless offices, the restoration of rightful authority to, and the independence of, the executive and judicial departments of the Government, the subordination of the military to the civil power, to the end that the usurpations of Congress and the despotism of the sword may cease. Eighth-Equal rights and protection for naturalized and native-born citizens at home and abroad, the assertion of American nationality which shall command the respect of foreign powers, and furnish an example and encouragement to people struggling for national integrity, constitutional liberty, and individual rights and the maintenance of the rights of naturalized citizens against the absolute doctrine of immutable allegiance, and the claims of foreign powers to punish them for alleged crime committed beyond their jurisdiction. In demanding these measures and reforms, we arraign the Radical party for its disregard of right, and the unparalleled oppression and tyranny which have marked its career. After the most solemn and unanimous pledge of both Houses of Congress to prosecute the war exclusively for the maintenance of the Government and the preservation of the Union under the Constitution, it has repeatedly violated that most sacred pledge under which alone was rallied that noble volunteer army which carried our flag to victory. Instead of restoring the Union it has, so far as in its power, dissolved it, and subjected ten States, in time of profound peace, to military despotism and negro supremacy. It has nullified there the right of trial by jury; it has abolished the habeas corpus, that most sacred writ of liberty; it has overthrown the freedom of speech and the press; it has substituted arbitrary seizures and arrests, and military trials and secret star-chamber inquisitions for the constitutional tribunals; it has disregarded in time of peace the right of the people to be free from searches and seizures; it has entered the post and telegraph offices, and even the private rooms of individuals, and seized their private papers and letters without any specific charge or notice of affidavit, as required by the organic law: it has converted the American Capitol into a Bastile; it has established a system of spies and official espionage to which no constitutional monarchy of Europe would now dare to resort; it has abolished the right of appeal on important constitutional questions to the supreme judicial 268 ,.[1869. NATIONAL PLATFORMS. tribunals, and threatens to curtail or destroy its original jurisdiction, which is irrevocably vested by the Constitution, while the learned Chief Justice has been subjected to the most atrocious calumnies, merely because he would not prostitute his high office to the support of the false and partizan charges preferred against the President. Its corruption and extravagance have exceeded anything known in history, and, by its frauds and monopolies, it has nearly doubled the burden of the debt created by the war. It has stripped the President of his constitutional power of appointment, even of his own cabinet. Under its repeated assaults, the pillars of the Government are rocking on their base, and should it succeed in November next and inaugurate its President, we will meet as a subjected and conquered people, amid the ruins of liberty and the scattered fragments of the Constitution. And we do declare and resolve that ever since the people of the United States threw off all subjection to the British Crown, the privilege and trust of suffrage have belonged to the several States, and have been granted, regulatedand controlled exclusively by the politicalpower of each State respectively, and that any attempt by Congress, on any pretext whatever, to deprive any State of this right, or interfere with its exercise, is a flagrant usurpation of power which can find no warrant in the Constitution, and, if sanctioned by the people, will subvert our form of government, and can only end in a single centralized and consolidated government, in which the separate existence of the States will be entirely absorbed, and an unqualified despotism be established in place of a Federal union of co-equal States. And that we regard the reconstruction acts (so called) of Congress, as such, as usurpations and unconstitutional, revolutionary, and void. That our soldiers and sailors, who carried the flag of our country to victory against a most gallant and determined foe, must ever be gratefully remembered, and all the guarantees given in their favor must be faithfully carried into execution. That the public lands should be distributed as widely as possible among the people, and should be disposed of either under the pre-emption of homestead lands, or sold in reasonable quantities, and to none but actual occupants, at the minimum price established by the Government. When grants of the public lands may be allowed, necessary for the encouragement of important public improvements, the proceeds of the sale of such lands, and not the lands themselves, should be so applied. That the President of the United States, Andrew Johnson, in exercising the power of his high office in resisting the aggressions of Congress upon the constitutional rights of the States and the people, is entitled to the gratitude of the whole American people, and in behalf of the Democratic party we tender him our thanks for his patriotic efforts in that regard. Upon this platform the Democratic party appeal to every patriot, including all the Conservative element and all who desire to support the Constitution and restore the Union, forgetting all past differences of opinion, to unite with us in the present great struggle for the liberties of the people; and that to all such, to whatever party they may have heretofore belonged, we extend the right hand of fellowship, and hail all such co-operating with us as friends and brethren. Resolved, That this convention sympathise cordially with the workingmen of the United States in their efforts to protect the rights and interests of the laboring classes of the country. [Offered by Mr. Vallandigham, and adopted the last day of the convention]. Resolved, That the thanks of this convention are tendered to Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, for the justice, dignity, and impartiality with which he presided over the court of impeachment on the trial of President Andrew Johnson. [This last was offered by Mr. Kernan, of- New York, after the nominations and immediately before the final adjournment, and was carried by acclamation.] SOLDIERS AND SAILORS, AT NEW YORK, JULY. Whereas a mutual interchange of views between members of this convention and delegates to the Democratic National Convention, has fully confirmed us in our previously entertained opinion of the purity and patriotism of that body, and fully justifies the belief that in the selection of candidates and in the construction of a platform, the Convention will be governed by the spirit of the address adopted by this body on the 6th instant; therefore, relying upon this belief, Resolved, That we will support its nominees for President and Vice President of the United States, and that on our return home we will induce our late comrades in arms to unite with us in yielding to them a united support. [Reported from the Committee on Resolutions, and adopted-yeas 287, nays 7]. Resolved, That the declaration of principles adopted by the Democratic National Convention be and the same is hereby ratified and approved, and that the secretary communicate to that Convention a copy of this resolution forthwith. 1869.] 269 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Resolved, That the President of the Convention appoint a committee of five to wait upon General George B. McClellan, and assure him that although we are called upon by duty to sup. port the nominee for the Presidency of the National Democratic party now in Convention, our confidence in him is unimpaired, and that our love for him is as ardent as ever, and that the highest honor that this Convention could confer upon him would but poorly express our esteem for him. Also that the said committee be requested to ask him to come and assist us with all his ability during the coming campaign. Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention, and of all patriotic and right-minded citizens, are due to the President of the United States for removing Edwin M. Stanton from the War Department of the Government, a position which the said Stanton has disgraced and dishonored ever since his appointment to that office, by his many acts of cruelty-both to the Union and Confederate soldiers-and by his official acts of tyranny; and that the soldiers and sailors should on all occasions, meet him with the same feelings of outraged dignity and patriotism that he was received with, on an ever-memorable occasion, in the city of Washington, from that great and glorious soldier-General William Tecumseh Sherman. [The last three resolutions were offered in the Convention, and adopted unanimously, under a suspension of the rule requiring the reference of all resolutions to the committee on resolutions]. GOEVRNOR SEYMOUR'S LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE. UTICA, August 4, 1868. GENTLEMEN: When, in the city of New York, on the 11th of July, in the presence of a vast multitude, on behalf of the National Democratic Convention, you tendered to me its unanimous nomination as their candidate for the office of President of the United States, I stated I had "no words adequate to express my gratitude for the good will and kindness which that body had shown to me. Its nomination was unsought and unexpected. It was my ambition to take an active part, from which I am now excluded, in the great struggle going on for the restoration of good government, of peace and prosperity to our country. But I have been caught up by the whelming tide which is bearing us on to a great political change, and I find myself unable to resist its pressure. You have also given to me a copy of the resolutions put forth by the Convention, showing its position upon all the great questions which now agitate the country. As the presiding officer of that Convention, I am familiar with their scope and import; as one of its members, I am a party to their terms. They are in accord with my views, and I stand upon them in the contest upon which we are now entering, and I shall strive to carry them out in future, wherever I may be placed, in public or private life." I then stated that I would send you these words of acceptance in a letter, as is the customary form. I see no reason, upon reflection, to change or qualify the terms of my approval of the resolutions of the Convention. I have delayed the more formal act of communicating to you in writing what I thus publicly said, for the purpose of seeing'what light the action of Congress would throw upon the interests of the country. Its acts since the adjournment of the Convention show an alarm lest a change of political power will give to the people what they ought to have, a clear statement of what has been done with the money drawn from them during the past eight years. Thoughtful men feel that there have been wrongs in the financial management which have been kept from the public knowledge. The congressional party has not only allied itself with military power, which is to be brought to bear directly upon the elections in many States, but it also holds itself in perpetual session, with the avowed purpose of making such laws. as it shall see fit, in view of the elections which will take place within a few weeks. It did not, therefore, adjourn, but took a recess, to meet again if its partizan interests shall demand its reassembling. Never before in the history of our country has Congress thus taken a menacing attitude toward its electors. Under its influence some of the States organized by its agents are proposing to deprive the people of the right to vote for Presidential electors, and the first bold steps are taken to destroy the rights of suffrage. It is not strange, therefore, that thoughtful men see in such action the proof that there is, with those who shape the policy of the Republican party, motives stronger and deeper than the mere wish to hold political power; that there is a dread of some exposure which drives them on to acts so desperate and so impolitic. Many of the ablest leaders and journals of the Republican party have openly deplored the violence of congressional action, and its tendency to keep up discord in our country. The great interests of our Union demand peace, order, and a return to those industrial pursuits without which we cannot maintain the faith or honor of our Government. The minds of business men [1869. 270 are perplexed by uncertainties. The hours of toil of our laborers are lengthened by the costs of living made by the direct and indirect exactions of Government. Our people are harassed by the heavy and frequent demands of the tax gatherer. Without distinction of party, there is a strong feeling in favor of that line of action which shall restore order and confidence, and shall lift off the burdens which now hinder and vex the industry of the country. Yet at this moment those in power have thrown into the senate chamber and congressional hall new elements of discord and violence. Men have been admitted as representatives of some of the Southern States, with the declaration upon their lips that they cannot live in the States they claim to represent without military protection. These men are to make laws for the North as well as the South. These men, who, a few days since were seeking as suppliants that Congress would give them power within their respective States, are to-day the masters and controllers of the actions of those bodies. Entering them with minds filled with passions, their first demands have been that Congress shall look upon the States from which they come as in conditions of civil war; that the majority of the populations, embracing their intelligence, shall be treated as public enemies; that military forces shall be kept up at the cost of the people of the Nolth, and that there shall be no peace and orderat the South save that which is made by arbitrary power. Every intelligent man knows that these men owe their seats in Congress to the disorder in the South; every man knows that they not only owe their present positions to disorder, but that every motive springing from the love of power, of gain, of a desire for vengeance, prompts them to keep the South in anarchy. While that exists, they are independent of the wills or wishes of their fellow-citizens. While confusion reigns, they are the dispensers of the profits and the honors which grow out of a government of mere force. These men are now placed in positions where they can not only urge their views of policy, but where they can enforce them. When others shall be admitted in this manner from the remaining Southern States, although they will have in truth no constituents, they will have more power in the Senate than a majority of the people of this Union living in nine of the great States. In vain the wisest members of the Republican party protested against the policy that led to this result. While the chiefs of the late rebellion have submitted to the results of the war, and are now quietly engaged in useful pursuits for the support of themselves and their families, and are trying by the force of their example to lead back the people of the South to the order and industry not only essential to their well-being, but to the greatness and prosperity of our common country, we see that those who, without ability or infiuehce have been thrown by the agitations of civil convulsion into positions of honor and profit, are striving to keep alive the passions to which they owe their elevation. And they clamorously insist that they are the only friends of our Union-a Union that can only have a sure foundation in fraternal regard, and a common desire to promote the peace, the order, and the happiness of all sections of our land. Events in Congress since the adjournment of the Convention have vastly increased the importance of a political victory by those who are seeking to bring back economy, simplicity, and justice in the administration of our National affairs. Many Republicans have heretofore clung to their party who have regretted the extremes of violence to which it has run. They have cherished a faith that, while the action of their political friends has been mistaken, their motives have been good. They must now see that the Republican party is in that condition that it cannot carry out a wise and peaceful policy, whatever its motives may be. It is a misfortune, not only to a country, but to a governing party itself, when its action is unchecked by any form of opposition. It has been the misfortune of the Republican party that the events of the past few years have given it so much power that it has been able to shackle the Executive, to trammel the judiciary, and to carry out the views of the most unwise and violent of its members. When this state of things exists in any party, it has ever been found that the sober judgments of its ablest leaders do not control. There is hardly an able man who helped to build up the Republican organization who has not within the past three years warned it against its excesses, who has not been borne down and forced to give up his convictions of what the interests of the country called for; or, if too patriotic to do this, who has not been driven from its ranks. If this has been the case heretofore, what will be its action now, with this new infusion of men who, without a decent respect for the views of those who had just given them their positions, begin their legislative career with calls for arms, with demands that their States shall be regarded as in a condition of civil war, and with a declaration that they are ready and anxious to degrade the President of the United States whenever they can persuade or force Congress to bring forward new articles of impeachment? NATIONAL PLATFORMS. 271 1869.] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The Republican party, as well as we, are interested in putting some check upon this violence. It must be clear to every thinking man that a division of political power tends to check the vio lence of party action, and to assure the peace and good order of society. The election of a Democratic executive and a majority of Democratic members to the House of Representatives would not give to that party organization the power to make sudden or violent changes, but it would serve to check those extreme measures which have been deplored by the best men of both political organizations. The result would most certainly lead to that peaceful restoration of the Union and re-establishment of fraternal relationship which the country desires. I am sure that the best men of the Republican party deplore as deeply as I do the spirit of violence shown by those recently admitted to seats min Congress from the South. The condition of civil war which they contemplate, must be abhorrent to every right-thinking man. I have no mere personal wishes which mislead my judgment in regard to the pending elec.tion. No man who has weighed and measured the duties of the office of President of the Uni ted States can fail to be impressed with the cares and toils of him who is to meet its demands. It is not merely to float with popular currents without a policy or a purpose. On the contrary, while our Constitution gives just weight to the public will, its distinguishing feature is that it seeks to protect the rights of minorities. Its greatest glory is that it puts restraints upon power. It gives force and form to those maxims and principles of civil liberty for which the martyrs of freedom have struggled through ages. It declares the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses and papers, against unreasonable searches and seizures. That Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people to petition for redress of grievances. It secures the right of a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury. No man can rightfully enter upon the duties of the presidential office unless he is not only willing to carry out the wishes of the people expressed in a constitutional way, but is also prepared to stand up for the rights of minorities. He must be ready to uphold the free exercise of religion. He must denounce measures which would wrong personal or home rights, or the religious conscience of the humblest citizen of the land. He must maintain, without distinction of creed or nationality, all the privileges of American citizenship. The experience of every public man who has been faithful to his trust, teaches him that no one can do the duties of the office of President, unless he is ready, not only to undergo the falsehoods and abuse of the bad, but to suffer from the censure of the good ftho are misled by prejudices and misrepresentations. There are no attractions in such positions which deceive my judgment, when I say that a great change is going on in the public mind. The mass of the Republican party are more thoughtful, temperate, and just, than they were during the excitement which attended the progress and close of the civil war. As the energy of the democratic party springs from their devotion to their cause and not to their candidates, I may with propriety speak of the fact, that never in the political history of our country has the action of any like body been hailed with such universal and wide-spread enthusiasm, as that which has been shown in relation to the position of the National Democratic Convention. With this the candidates had nothing to do. Had any others of those named been selected, this spirit would have been perhaps more marked. The zeal and energy of the conservative masses spring from a desire to make a change of political policy, and from the confidence that they can carry out their purpose. In this faith they are strengthened by the co-operation of the great body of those who served in the Union army and navy during the war. Having given nearly sixteen thousand commissions to the officers of that army, I know their views and wishes. They demand the Union for which they fought. The largest meeting of these gallant soldiers that ever assembled was held in New York and indorsed the action of the National Convention. In words instinct with meaning, they call upon the Government to stop in its policy of hate, discord, and disunion, and in terms of fervid eloquence they demand the restoration of the rights and liberties of the American people. When there is such accord between those who proved themselves brave and self-sacrificing in war, and those who are thoughtful and patriotic in council, I cannot doubt we shall gain a political triumph which will restore our Union, bring back peace and prosperity to our land, and will give us once more the blessings of a wise, economical and honest Government. I am, gentlemen, truly yours, &c., HORATIO SEYMOUR. To Gen. G- W. MouArw, and others, Committe e, &c., &c. Governor Seymour was unanimously nominated on the 221 ballot. (1809. 272, NATIONAL PLATFORMS. GENERAL BLAIR'S LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE. OMAHA, NEBRASKA, July 13, 1868. General GEORGE W. MORGAN, Chairman Committee National Democratic Convention. GENERAL: I take the earliest opportunity of replying to your letter, notifying me of my nomination for Vice President of the United States by the National Democratic Convention, recently held in the city of New York. I accept without hesitation the nomination tendered in a manner so gratifying, and give you and the committee my thanks for the very kind and complimentary language in which you have conveyed to me the decision of the convention. I have carefully read the resolutions adopted by the convention, and most cordially concur in every principle and sentiment they announce. My opinion upon all of the questions which discriminate the great contending parties have been freely expressed on all suitable occasions, and I do not deem it necessary at this time to reiterate them. The issues upon which the contest turns are clear, and cannot be obscured or distorted by the sophistries of our adversaries. They all resolve themselves into the old and ever-renewing struggle of a few men to absorb the political power of the nation. This effort, under every conceivable name and disguise, has always characterized the opponents of the democratic party, but at no time has the attempt assumed a shape so open and daring as in this contest. The adversaries of free and constitutional government, in defiance of the express language of the Constitlition, have erected a military despotism in ten of the States of the Union, have taken from the President the powers vested in him by the supreme law, and have deprived the Supreme Court of its jurisdiction. The right of trial by jury, and the great writ of right, the habeas corpus8-shields of safety for every citizen, and which have descended to us from the earliest traditions of our ancestors, and which our revolutionary fathers sought to secure to their posterity forever in the fundamental charter of our liberties-have been ruthlessly trampled under foot by the fragment of a Congress. Whole States and communities of people of our own race have been attainted, convicted, condemned, and deprived of their rights as citizens, without presentment, or trial or witnesses but by congressional enactment of ex postfacto laws, and in defiance of the constitutional prohibition denying even to a full and legal Congress the authority to pass any bill of attainder or ex pott facto law. The same usurping authority has substituted as electors in the place of the men of our own race, thus illegally attainted and disfranchised. a host of ignorant negroes, who are supported in idleness with the public money, and combined together to strip the white race of their birthright, through the management of freed. men's bureaus and the emissaries of conspirators in other States: and, to complete the oppression, the military power of the nation has been placed at their disposal, in order to make this barbarism supreme. The military leader under whose prestige this usurping Congress has taken refuge since the condemnation of their schemes by the free people of the North in the elections of the last year, and whom they have selected as their candidate to shield themselves from the result of their own wickedness and crime, has announced his acceptance of the nomination, and his willingness to maintain their usurpations over eight millions of white people at the South, fixed to the earth with his bayonets. He exclaims, "Let us have peace." "Peace reigns in Warsaw" was the announcement which heralded the doom of the liberties of a nation. "The empire is peace," exclaimed Bonaparte, when freedom and its defenders expired under the sharp edge of his sword. The peace to which Grant invites us is the peace of despotism and death. Those who seek to restore the Constitution by executing the will of the people condemning the reconstruction acts, already pronounced in the electi6ns of last year, afid which will, I am convinced, be still more emphatically expressed by the election of the Democratic candidate as the President of the United States, are denounced as revolutionists by the partizans of this vindictive Congress. Negro suffrage, which the popular vote of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio. Michigan, Connecticut. and other States have condemned as expressly against the letter of the Constitution, must stand, because their Senators and Representatives have willed it. If the people shall again condemn these atrocious measures by the election of the Democratic candidate for President, they must not be disturbed, although decided to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, and although the President is sworn to maintain and support the Constitution. The will of a fraction of Congress, reinforced with its partizan emissaries sent to the South and supported there by soldiery, muet stand against the will of the people and the decision of the Supreme Court, and the solemn oath of the President to maintain and support the Constitution 18 273 186.9.] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. It is revolutionary to execute the will of the people I It is revolutionary to execute the judgment of the Supreme Court! It is revolutionary in the President to keep inviolate his oath to sustain the Constitution! This false construction of the vital principle of our Government is the last resort of those who would have their arbitrary reconstruction sway and supersede our time-honored institutions. The nation will say the Constitution must be restored, and the will of the people again prevail. The appeal to the peaceful ballot to attain this end is not war, is not revolution. They make war and revolution who attempt to arrest this quiet mode of putting aside military despotism and the usurpations of a fragment of a Congress, asserting absolute power over that benign system of regulated liberty left ius by our fathers. This must be allowed to take its course. This is the only road to peace. It will come with the election of the Democratic candidate, and not with the election of that mailed warrior, whose bayonets are now at the throats of eight millions of people in the South, to compel them to support him as a candidate for the Presidency, and to submit to the domination of an alien race of semi-barbarons men. No perversion of truth or audacity of misrepresentation can exceed that which hails this candidate in arms as an aigel of peace. I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, FRANK P. BLAIR. STATE GOVERNMENTS The following table gives the name of the Governor of each State, his term of office and salary, the time each Legislature meets, and the date of the State Elections. STATES. Governors. Alabama........ Win. H. Smith..........W.. it Arkansas....... Powel l Clayton........ California....... Henry HI. H aight...... Connecticut..... James E. English..... a s. Delaware....... Gove Saulsbury........ Florida......... Harrison Reed......... Georgia......... R. B. Bullock.......... Illinois......... John M. Palmer....... Indiana......... Conrad Baker.......... Iowa............ Samuel Merrill......... Kansas......... James M. Harvey...... Kentucky....... John W. Stevenson.... Louisiana....... Henry C. Warmouth... Maine......... Joshua L. Chamberlain. Maryland....... Oden Bowie........... Massachusetts.. William Claflin........ Michigan....... Henry P. Baldwin...... Minnesota...... Wm. R. Marshall...... Mississippi..... B. E_eston.........BB.00- Missouri........ Joseph~. McClurg.... Nebraska....... David Butler........... Nevada......... Henry G. Blasdel...... New Hampshire. Walter Harriman...... New Jersey..... T. F. Randolph........ New York...... John T. Hoffman...... North Carolina.. William W. Holden... Ohio.......... Rutherford B. Hayes... Oregon....... George L. Woods...... Pennsylvania... John. Geary........ Jh W 12 Rhode Island... A. E. B urnside........ South Carolina.. Robert K. Scott........ Tennessee...... Wm. G. Brownlow..... Texas........... E. M. Pease.........N.. Vermont....... John B. Page......... Virginia........ Henry H. Wels......... West Virginia.. Win. E. Stevenson..... Wisconsin...... Lucius Fairchild....... Legis la tur e X~eets. ................. 1st Mon. in Jan. lst Mon. in Dec. lst Wed. in May lst Tues. in Jan.' 1st Tues. in Jan.A 2d Wed. in Jan. ist Mon: in Jan. 1st Wed. in Jan. 2d Mon. in Jan. 2d Tues. in Jan. 1st Mon. in Dec. Ist Mon. in Jan. lst Wed. in Jan. 1st Wed. in Jan. 1st Wed. in Jan. 1st Wed. in Jan. 1st Tues. in Jan.t ................. Last Mon. in Dec. 1st Th. in Jan.t lst Mon. in Jan. 1st Wed. in June, 2d Tues. in Jan. lst Tues. in Jan. 3d Mon. in Nov. Ist Mon. in Jan. 2d Mon. in Sept. lst Tues. in Jan. May and Jan. 4th Tues. in Nov. Ist Mon. in Oct. lst Mon. in Nov. 2d Thurs. in Oct. lst Mon. in Dec. 3d Tues. in Jan. 2d Wed. in Jan. * In several States, a furnished house is also provided. :Time fixed by Constitution; the Legislature may change it. I I I I I I I I I II I II I I I II II I I II I I I I 274 [1869. Te!'M Expires. Dec. 1871, May, 1869, i' 1871, Jan. 1873' Jan. 1872, Jan.:.871, Jan. 873, Jan. 1870, Jan. 1871, Sept. 1871, Jan. 1872, :Jan. 18'iO, Jan. 1871, Jan. 1870, Jan. 1871, Jan. 1870, Jan. 1871, Jan. 1871, June,1869, Jan. 1872, ,Tan. 1871, Jan. 1873, Jan. 1870, Sept. 1870, Jan. 1870, ,Afay, 1869, Nov. 1870, Oct. 1869, Nov. 1870, Oct. 1870, T4c'h'.''1'8'7'1', Jan. 1871, Salary. $4,000* 5,000 ,I,ooo 2,000 2,000 5,000 4,000 1,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 5,000 8,000 2,500 4,500 5,000 1,000 3,000 3,000 2,500 1,000 6,000 1,000 3,000 4,000 1,500 5,000 1,000 3,500 3,000 4,000 1,000 5,000 2,000 1,250 State Election. Ist Tu. in Nov.t I st Molt. in Nov. lst Wed. in Sept. let Mon. in Apr. let Tues. in gov. lst Tu. in Nov.t Ic,t Tues. in Aua. Ist Tu. in Nov.f 2d Tues. in Oct. 2d Tues. in Oct. lst Tu. in Nov.t lst Mon. in Aug. Ist Mon. in Nov. 2d Mon. in Sept. Ist Tn. in No - t Ist Tu. in Nov.t lst Tu. in Nov.t lst Tu. in Nov.t 2d Tues. in Oct. I.st Tu. in Nov.t 2d Tues. in Mch. IL-t Tu. in Nov.t Ist Tu. in Nov.t lst Th. in Ang. 2d Tues. in Oct. lst Mon. in June. 2d Tues. in Oct. lst Wed. in Apr. 3d Wed. in Oct. lst Th. In Aug. lst'Mo-n. in Aue. lst Tues. in Set. 4th Th. in May. 4tli Th. in Oct. Ist Tu. in Nov.t t After lst Monday. STATES ANDI) TERRITORIES. 1. ALABAMA. Capital, Montgomery. Area, 50,722 square miles. Population, (1866), 946,24. This state was settled by the French at Mobile in 1713. It was a part of Georgia until 1802, and then included in Mississippi until March 3, 1817. It was admitted into the Union as a state, by act of Congress, December 19,1819. An ordinance of secession was passed at a state convention, January 11,1861, and declared null and void by another state convention, September 25, 1865. A provisional Governor was appointed by the President June 21, 1865 and withdrawn in favor of the state government, December 18, of the same year. This state was included in the 3d military district by act of Congress, March 2, 1867, and by an order of the President issued, March 15, was placed under the command of Maj. Gen. John Pope. He issued orders, August 31, for the election of delegates to a state convention for the purpose of establishing a constitution and civil government for the state, Delegates were appointed who assembled in convention, November 5, 1867, and prepared a constitution which was submitted to the people, February 4, 1868. This constitution received a majority of the votes cast, but not a majority of all the registered votes. The state was admitted to representation in Congress, by an act passed in both houses over the President's veto, June 25, 1868. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor....................... W. H. SMITH............... Randolph Co.......... $4,000 Lieutenant Governr................A. J. APPLEGATE............Huntsville............... 1,500 Secretary of State................... CHIARLES A. MILLER.........Montgomery............2,400 Treasurer and Receiver General... ARTHUR BrNGHAM.............Talladega.......... 2,800 Auditor............................ R. M. REYNOLDS............Wilcox Co...............2,400 Attorney General...................JOSHUA MORsE...:...........Choctaw Co............ 2,800 Superintendent of Public Instruction.N. B. CLOUD.................Montgomery............. 3,600 Corn. of Industrial Resources........J. C. REFFER................Montgomery............2,500 Major General...................... C. W. DusToN...............Demopolis............... The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, and Attorney General, are chosen by the electors of the state on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November. All hold ffice for two except 2 the Auditor, who is elected for four years. The House of Representatives must not exceed 100 members apportioned according to population, but each county is to have one member. The Senators must be not less than onefourth nor more than one-third of the number of representatives, to be elected from Senatorial Districts which are arranged according to population, and 275 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. each district has one senator. Electors are eligible as representatives, but senators must in addition be 27 years of age. Term of office of representatives 2 years, and of senators 4 years. In all elections by the people, the vote is by ballot. All mal citizens 21 years of age, who have resided in the state six months next preceding an election and have taken the oath to support the constitution and laws of the United States and Alabama, are entitled to vote. The constitution provides that all persons resident in the state, born in the United States or naturalized, who shall have legally declared their intention to become citizens of the United States, shall be citizens of the State of Alabama. Temporary absence from the state does not cause a forfeiture of residence. Militia. All able-bodied male citizens between the ages of 18 and 45 years are liable to military duty. The Governor is commander-in-chief. One Major General and three Brigadier Generals are appointed by the governor by and with the consent of the senate. The Adjutant-General and other staff officers are appointed by the Governor. The militia is divided into two classes, volunteer force and reserve force. Officers and men receive no pay or emoluments when not in active service. JUDICIARY. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, Chancery Courts, Courts of Probate, and such inferior courts as the General Assembly may establish from time to time. The Supreme Court which has appellate jurisdiction only, must be held at the seat of government twice every year. The constitution requires that the state be divided into circuits, each of which shall include not less than three or more than eight counties. A judge must be chosen for each circuit, who shall after his election reside in the circuit for which he shall have been chosen. Circuit Courts are held in each county twice every year. Judges of the Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and Court of Chancery can hold no office (except judicial office) of profit or trust under the State or United States, during the term of office which is six years. The Circuit Court has original jurisdiction in all matters civil and criminal within the state, not otherwise excepted by the constitution, but in civil cases only when the matter or sum in controversy exceeds fifty dollars. Judges of the several courts, justices and constables, are elected by the people in each county. The Clerk of the Supreme Court is appointed by the judges. Clerks of Circuit and inferior courts are appointed by the people for six years. The attorney general must reside at the seat of government. A solicitor must be appointed for each county. UNrrED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, District Judge, Richard Busteed. District Attorney, Northern and Middle Districts, F. Bugbee. Southern District, L. V. B. Martin. Marshal, Nortern Distrwct, Edward E. Douglass. Middle and Southern Ditricts, R. W. Healey. 276 [1869. SUPREME COURT. Judges, E. W. Peck, Tuskaloosa; T. M. Peters, Lawrence Co.; B. F. Soffold, Selma. Salary, $4,000 each. CIRCUIT COURTS. Judges. —st District, B. L. Whelan, Hale Co.; 2d District, J. Q. Smith, Montgomery; 3d District, W. S. Mudd, Jefferson Co.; 4th District, J. S. Clarke, Lawrence Co.; 5th District, W. J. Haralson, DeKalb Co.; 6th District, John Elliott, Mobile; 7th Distrit, L. R. Smith, Choctaw Co.; 8thDistrict, J. M. Caleb, Wiley, Pike Co.; 9th Distrit, L. B. Strange, Macon Co.; -0Ot/ District, Charles Pelham, Talladega Co.; *lth District, P.O. Harper, Butler Co.; 12th Distrct, W. L. Whitlock, Cherokee Co. Salaries, $3,000. COURTS OF CHANCERY. Char s.-Northern Division, Wm. Skinner, Franklin Co.; Eastern Division, B. B. McCraw, Chambers Co.; Southern Division, Adams C. Felden, Montgomery; Western Divsion, A. W. Dillard, Sumter Co.; Middle D1)vision, W. B. Woods, Autauga Co. Salaries, $3,000. FINANCES Balance in Treasury, September 30, 1866, Received from former Treasurer, - Receipts to September 30, 1867, - - $31,950.55 - 1,651.84 937,007.47 $970,609.86 - 830,033.94 - - $140,575.92 - $1,577,144.08 1,461,429.34 $'115,714.74 - - $256,290.66 Disbursements for year 1867, Balance in Treasury, September 30, 1867, Receipts for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1868, Disbursements for " " " " - 1623 Balance in Treasury, Sept. 30, 1868, Total Balance in Treasury, " CHIEF SOURCES OF REVENUE IN 1866. Taxes on Licenses, Liquors, &c.... $58,245.77 Southern Express Company.........$1,184.55 Temporary Loans...................601,494.39 Sales of Alabama State Bonds........5.,000.00 State Revenue Stamps.............. 2,599.50 Miscellaneous........................ 937.98 Total Receipts.................................................................$669,462.19 STATE DEBT. The bonded debt of the state January, 1867, was Of this there was payable in New York, - Payable in London, - - - - Total bonded debt, July 11, 1868, - - Aggregate value of property, 1860, - - EDUCATION. By the act of February 23, 1866, it was provided that the sum of $70,000 be loaned to the University of Alabama, for the purpose of erecting a building for that institution, to replace the one destroyed by fire in 1865. The plan adopted for the University building, embraced four sides of a square, with rooms for public halls, recitations, libraries, laboratories, cabinets, dormitories, hospitals, and a well organized boarding department. 1869.] ALABAMA. 277 - $4,066,100 2,582,800 - 1,483,300 4,725,100 - 495,237,078 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Each side of the square will be 330 feet long, and the interior court will measure 250 feet on every side. The building is of the Tudor Gothic style, mostly three stories high; the middle portion of the front and rear sides are four stories. The doors of all the rooms are glazed, and open out on wide galleries, which surround each floor of the building on the interior and court side. The galleries, supported below by pressed brick arcades, and above by cast iron colonnades, extend more than 1,000 feet on each floor, and in total length, more than one mile. A part of the building was completed ready for occupation in 1868. This included ten spacious recitation rooms with class libraries adjoining; fortyseven dormitories, accommodating four students each; one large mess hall, capable of seating five hundred persons, and necessary rooms for the boarding department. The President of the University has been zealously and actively engaged in efforts to collect a library and scientific apparatus. According to the census report of 1860, there were then in Alabama 17 colleges with 2120 students, and 206 academies and private schools. Most of these were suspended during the war. The constitution provides that Common Schools and other educational institutions shall be under the management of a Board of Education consisting of a Superintendent of Public Instruction, and two members from each congressional district. The Governor is ex-officio a member of the Board. Members of the Board hold office for four years, one-half elected biennially. The Board of Education exercises full legislative powers in reference to educational institutions, and its acts when approved by the Governor have the force of law. The Board must establish in each township or other school district, one or more schools which all the children of the state between the ages of 5 and 21 years may attend free of charge. The Board is also a Board of Regents of the State University. It meets annually at the seat of government at the same time as the General Assembly, but must not continue in session more than twenty days. Proceeds of public lands, of estates of persons deceased Without will or heir, and all money paid as exemption from military duty, constitute the school fund, the interest and income to be inviolably appropriated to educational purposes. In addition to the above, one-fifth of the aggregate annual revenue of the state must be devoted to public schools. A specific annual tax is to be laid on railroads, navigation, bank and insurance corporations, which is also to be devoted to maintaining public schools. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The act establishing the Insane Hospital was passed in February, 1852, and the building opened for the reception of patients in July, 1861. The building with the grounds cost $250,000. The hospital is under the charge of an efficient officer and is in a prosperous condition. Every effort is made in the treatment of patients, to improve their intellectual condition; and, if possible, restore them to full mental health. This 278 1186% hospital is open to all classes of patients. Those that are able to pay are charged at a moderate rate. For those who are unable to pay, an allowance of $4 per week is made by the state. The establishment, as now conducted, will afford accommodations for at least 350 persons, or about one-half of those in the state who are afflicted with mental imbecility. The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Talladega,'is also in successful operation. Under the judicious management of the superintendent, good opportunities are afforded deaf mutes for acquiring an education. There is an Asylum for the Blind at Mobile. The State Penitentiary at Weturlpka has had an increase of prisoners since the war, a large proportion being colored persons. These have come principally from the cities and large towns where those without homes and means of support naturally congregate. In November, 1866, there were 200 convicts in the penitentiary, more than three-fourths of whom were colored. The Penitentiary is leased, and the convicts are worked outside the prison walls on railroads, or in iron mines and coal fields. It is self-sustaining. Insane Hospital, Tuscaloosa. PETER BRYCE, M.D., Superintendent. Number in hospital Oct. 1, 1866,-males, 44; females, 30; total, 74. Number received during the year,-males, 46; females, 31; total, 77. Whole number under treatment during the year,-males, 90; females, 61; total, 151. Discharged as cured,-males, 7; females, 6; total, 13. As improved,-males, 1; females, 2; total, 3. Died during the year,-males, 11; females, 4; total, 15. Whole number admitted from the opening of the hospital July 6, 1861, to October 1, 1867,males, 182; females, 102; total, 284. Whole number discharged, cured,-males, 49; females, 28; total, 77; improved,-males, 16; females, 6; total, 22. Eloped,-males, 12; females, 1; total, 13. Died, males,.3; females, 17; total, 55. Of the 284 patients admitted, there were single,males, 104; females, 45; total, 149. Married,-males, 63; females, 36; total, 99. Widowed,males, 15; females, 21; total, 36. Supposed cause of insanity of those admitted,-hereditary, 75; injuries, 25; intemperance, 7; typhoid fever, 9; uterine disease, 8; opium eating, 4; disappointment, 3; congenital, 6; miscellaneous and unknown, 145; total, 284. Occupation of those admitted,-farmers, 98, mechanics, 10; laborers, 38; merchants, 24; lawyers, 4; physicians, 7; ministers, 8; school teachers, 8; miscellaneous, 10; none and unknown, 79; total, 284. Age of those admitted,-less than 15 years of age, 4; 15 to 20, 13; 20 to 30, 75; 30 to 40, 92; 40 to 50, 54; 50 to 60, 31; 60 to 70, 15. The class of those admitted is as follows-private or paying, 89; county or indigent, 184; criminal, 11; total, 284. Number in hospital September 1, 1868,-males, 94; females, 68; total, 162. Of these, 11 are private patients, and 151 indigent. The state allows $4 per week for board, clothing, and expenses of each indigent patient, and the private patients pay $20 per month for board. Institution for Deaf, Dumb and Blind, Talladega. JOSEPH, H. JOHNSON, M. D., Su. peaentendent. Number of students, 40; annual appropriation from state Treasury, $8,000. POPULATION. This state suffered much in the late war both in its material interests and in the decrease of its population. There had been a steady increase in the latter for 40 years until 1860, but from that time to 1866, there was a decrease of 3,632 whites, and 14,325 colored persons, or a total decrease of 17,957. The following table gives the population at different periods: census. Whites. Pree, Colored, SlaBves. Ttl. In. per oet. 1820.............. 85,451............ 571............ 41,879............127901............ 1830..............190,406............1,572............ 117,549............3 09,527............142.0L 1840.;............335,185............2,039............ 253,532............590,756............ 90.86 1869.] ALABAMA. 279 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Census. Whites. Free Colored. Slaves. Total Inr..per cent.L 1850..............426,514............2,265............342,844...........771,623............ 30.62 1860..............526,431........ 2,690........ 435,080........... 964,201............ 24.96 1866..............522,799..........423,445........................946,2............ The whole number of adult males in 1866 was,-whites, 108,410; negroes, 90,603; total, 199,013. WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. Alabama is the greatest cotton growing state in the Union. The principal portion of her cotton is raised in the central, south-east and south-west portions of the state. In the counties washed by the Chattahoochee in the eastern portion of the state, sugar and rice are grown to some extent. The extreme southern counties are characterized by immense forests of pine, valuable for lumber and naval stores. They are convenient to Mobile and Pensacola. A very large portion of the land in this region belongs to the General Government, and may be entered free of charge under the homestead law. This state is rich in mineral treasures, particularly in coal, iron ore, limestone and marble. The coal has been subjected to both a scientific and practical test, and proved to be of excellent quality. Taking the coal fields all together, they are comprised within the area of nearly six thousand miles, in the counties of Marion, Winston, Walker, Tuscaloosa, Fayette, Jefferson, Blount, Bibb, Shelby, St. Clair, Morgan, Marshall and DeKalb. In close proximity to the coal fields, there are extensive beds of the best quality of iron ore. The manufacture of iron was formerly carried on to a considerable extent; during the recent war manufacturing was generally suspended, but it has partially revived. Several furnaces are already in operation, some of them through the instrumentality of capital and superintendence from the northern states. Limestone is another important and valuable material, which abounds in localities convenient for transportation. There is gold in Randolph, Talladega, Corsa, Autauga, and Tallapoosa counties. Copper is found in the counties of Talladega and Clay. The commercial advantages are good. The rivers are navigable more than 1500 miles; there are 660 miles of railroads in the state; and the city of Mobile is next to New Orleans the greatest cotton market in the United States. There were received at this place in 1860, 846,784 bales of cotton, and 9,367,597 feet of lumber were exported. The state possesses the natural facilities requisite for successfully prosecuting almost every branch of industry. A Bureau of Industrial Resources is established under the management of a commissioner elected for a term of four years, who is to collect information, and disseminate among the people such knowledge as he may deem important concerning improvement in machinery, and for the promotion of agricultural, manufacturing and mining interests. In 1866, the principal products were: Corn, 21,597,083 bushels, value, $32,611,595; Oats, 497,990 bushels, value, $522,890; Potatoes, 422,815 bushels, value, $334,024; Tobacco, 349,371 pounds, value, $108,305; Ray, 80,854 tons, value, $1,506,310. 280 [169. ARKANSAS. 2. ARKANSAS. Capital, Little Rock. Area, 52,198 square miles. Popul7atio, (1860), 823,138. Arkansas is a portion of the Louisiana purchase ceded to the United States by France in 1803. It was settled by the French at Arkansas Post in 1685, was formed into a territory fiom a part of Missouri; March 2, 1819, and admitted into the Union as a state, June 15, 1836. A state convention assembled at Little Rock and passed an ordinance of secession, March 4, 1861. A convention to revise the state constitution assembled January 8, 1864, amended the constitution and provided for its being submitted to the people March 18, when the popular vote was taken with 12,177 in its favor, and 226 against it. Slavery was abolished by the constitution. The state government was reorganized in 1864, but it was not recognized by Congress as a legal government. Arkansas with Mississippi was constituted the 4th military district by the act of Congress for reconstruction, passed in 1867, and Major General E. O. C. Ord was appointed to the command. He directed an election for a convention in November, 1867. The election resulted in a majority of 14,000 for the convention which assembled January 8, 1868, and February 11, adopted a constitution which was ratified by the people, March 13. The state was again admitted into the Union by vote of Congress, June 22, 1868.. The bill as it passed both houses was returned by the President without his signature, but was passed over the veto in the House of Representatives June 20, and in the Senate June 22. The constitution provides among other things, that the paramount allegiance of every citizen is due to the Federal Government, in the exercise of all its constitutional powers, as the same may be defined by the Supreme Court of the United States; and no power exists in the people of this or any other state of the Federal Union to dissolve their connection therewith, or perform any act tending to impair, subvert, or resist the supreme authority of the United States. The equality of all persons before the law shall be recognized, and ever remain inviolate; nor shall any citizen ever be deprived of any right, privilege or immunity, nor exempted from any burden or duty, on account of race, color or previous condition. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. SALARY. Governor.......................... POWELL CLAYTON........................ $5,000 Lieuteizait Governor.............. A. M. JOHNSON............................ Secretary of State.............. R. S. J. WHITE............................ 3,000 Auditor............................JAMES R. BERRY...........................3,000 Tleasuyer..........................HENRY PAGE..............................3,000 Attorney Geineral.............. J. R. MONTGOMERY........................3.500 Superintendent of Public Scwols.... THOMAS SMITH.................... 3,500 The Governor and other state officers are chosen by the qualified electors at the same time as the members of the General Assembly. The term of office is four years. The House of Representatives consists of 82 members chosen D for two years, and the Senate of 24 members chosen for four years. The Legislature meets every two years, on the first Monday of January. 1s69.] 281 THE AMERICAN yEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Every male person born in the United States, and every male person who has been naturalized, or has legally declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States, who is twenty-one years old or upwards, and who shall have resided in the state six months next preceding the election, and who at the time is an actual resident of the county in which he offers to vote, shall be deemed an elector. Criminals, idiots, insane persons, soldiers and sailors in service of the United States, and certain classes who participated in the rebellion are excluded. JUDICIARY. The Supreme Court consists of one Chief Justice and four Associate Justices. It has appellate jurisdiction, and general supervision and control over all inferior courts'of law and equity. It holds two terms annually. The Supreme Court Judges are appointed by the Governor for eight years. The Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction over all criminal cases not expressly provided for otherwise by law; there are two terms annually in each circuit. The Judges and District Attorneys are appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a term of four years. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Samuel H. Miller. District Judge, Henry C. Caldwell. District Attorney, Wheeler. Marshals, I,aac Mills, Luther C. White. Clerks District Courts, Charles D. Redmand, James O. Churchill. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, W. W. Wilshire, Little Rock. Associate Justices, Lafayette Gregg, Little Rock; T. M. Bowen, Little Rock; Jno. McClure, Little Rock; Wm. H. Harrison, Monticello. Clerk and Reporter, L. E. Barber, Little Rock. CIRCUIT COURTS. 1st Circuit. Jno. E. Bennett, Helena; 2d Circuit, Wm. Storey,; 3d Circuit, Elisha Baxter, Batesville; 4th Circuit, M. L. Stephenson, Huntsville; 5th Circuit, E. D. Ham, Fayetteville; 6th Circuit, Wm. M. May, Dardannelle; 7th Circuit, Jno. Whytock, Little Rock; 8th Circuit, E. J. Searle, Little Rock; 9th Circuit, G. N. McCowen, Magnolia; loth Circuit, Henry B. Morse, Pine Bluff. FINANCES. The last reports of the Treasurer and Auditor which we have been able to obtain, present statements of the receipts and payments of money from the reorganization of the State Government in April, 1864, to September 30,1866, or for 2 years, 5 months, and 12 days. RECEIPTs. Balance from late Treasurer in gold....................................................$5,004.00 Proceeds of gold due the State from the late agent...............................5,500.00 Received from sheriffs................................................................210,980.71 From Auditor's sale, and redemption of land forfeited for non-payment of taxes........1,379.87 $222,864.58 PAYXENTS. Auditor's warrants paid in specie.......................................$5,004.00 Auditor's warrants paid in currency......................................... 65,696.78 $70,700.78 Balance in treasury of General Revenue..............................................152,163.80 Balance due certain funds.............................................................. 74.90 Balance due counties for county tax.................................................. 575.17 Balance due County clerks for fees.................................................... 36.50 Aggregate in Treasury, September 30,1866...........................................$153,540.37 282 [18609. STATE DEBT. The State Debt was created on account of the banks, and consisted of State Bonds, issued by the state, amounting in principal and interest, December 31, 1866, to $3,575,121. There had also been transferred from certain funds, and used for state purposes, the following amounts: From Swamp Land Fund, specie, $91,988.96. From Internal Improvement Fund, specie, $16,120.28; confederate money, $3,379.60; treasury warrants, $15,297.47; war bonds, $2,549.74. From Seminary Fund, specie, $4,677.95; war bonds, $504.32; treasury warrants, $79.82; confederate money, $1,998.72. From Saline Fund, specie, $545.51; treasury warrants, $4,080.71. Aggregate value of property in 1860, as given by census, $219,256,473; as assessed in 1867, $52,510,771. The amount of the State Debt in 1868, was $4,577,081. EDUCATION. According to the census of 1860, there were in Arkansas 4 colleges, with 225 students, and an income of $5,585; 727 public schools, with 19,242 pupils, and $120,613 income, of which $200 was endowments, and $13,356 from public funds; 109 academies and other schools, with 4,415 pupils, and $68,146 income, of which $6,300 was endowments and $8,645 from public funds. At the close of the war, the interests of education were in a confused and depressed condition. Literary institutions had been closed, some of the buildings had been wantonly destroyed, or rendered unfit for educational purposes by military occupation; funds had been scattered, educational grants wasted, and no system of public instruction existed to meet the wants of the community. Governor Murphy, in his message to the General Assembly in 1866, says, "No state in the Union is, at present, behind Arkansas in educational provision, and never, in the history of the state, have the people indicated a stronger desire for the establishment of a thorough system of common school education at the public expense. The people are beginning to feel that ignorance is a crime, deeply injurious to the peace and happiness of society, for which not only parents, but the government also, are responsible." The constitution makes it the duty of the General Assembly to establish and maintain free schools, and provide by law for the improvement of such lands as are or hereafter may be granted by the United States to this State for the use of schools, and to apply any funmds which may be raised from such lands, or from any other sources. It provides for a State University, with an agricultural department; makes it obligatory on parents to send each child to school at least three years between the age of five and eighteen, or to give them instruction, at home or elsewhere equivalent. The Superintendent of Public Instruction has the general supervision of public schools. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The Arkansas Institution for the Blind was incorporated by an act of the General Assembly, February 4, 1859, and opened for the reception of pupils the same month. The act of incorporation provided no funds, but in 1861, there was an appropriation from the Seminary and Saline Funds, for the. 1869.] AR SANS. 283 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. board, tuition and incidental expenses of indigent pupils not exceeding 20, of $200 to each, and an appropriation of $900 towards the salary of the Principal. With this aid amounting in all to $3,807, and contributions and receipts from other sources to the amount of $1,131.75, the institution was organized, houses and furniture procured, and 13 blind children supported and educated for two years. The institution was kept in successful operation until 1863, when, owing to the condition of the country, it was closed and the property sold. The Penitentiary was under the control of the Commander of the Department, while Arkansas was occupied by the United States Military forces, and used partly as a Military Prison. The buildings were, at the time of the meeting of-the General Assembly, in much need of repair. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. This state has rapidly increased in population, and its position gives it many advantages for the employment of labor and capital. The following table exhibits the population at each decade since it was organized as a territory: Census. White. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Iner. per cent. 1820............... 12,579............. 77............ 1,617.............14,273............ 1830............... 25,67 1.............141............ 4,576.............30,388..........112.91 1840............... 77,174.............465............19,935.............97,574.......... 221.09 1850...............162,1S9............ 608............47,100............ 209,897............115.12 1860...............324,191.............144...........111,115.......... 435,450............107.46 The agricultural statistics of 1860 showed a rapid enlargement of cultivated land, and a six-fold improvement in the value of farms and farm implements over the preceding decade. The live stock averaged from fifty to three hundred per cent. increase upon the returns of 1850. The cereal crops showed still greater improvement. The soil, especially in the eastern part of the state and on the rivers, is very rich, but needs drainage to be made available for agricultural purposes. It is rich in minerals. It exceeds all the other states in the abundance of gypsum and manganese, and iron, coal, lead, and zinc are abundant. It is not a manufacturing state, but in 1860, it had 518 establishments, giving an annual product of $2,880,578. Its rivers afford excellent facilities for commerce,,'nd the introduction of labor and capital with these facilities will develop its resources and add greatly to its wealth. The following is the assessed value of property from all except 10 counties not reported. Value of taxable property in 1865. Number of acres of land, 10,699,956; value of land and improvements, $23,733,832. Number of town lots, 14,959; value of city and town lots and improvements, $2,962,318. Number of saw mills, 104; value of saw mills, $410,860. Number of tan-yards, 117; value of tan-yards, $39,489. Number of distilleries, 64; value of distilleries, $8,893. Household furniture over $200 in value, $60,634. Number of pleasure carriages, 1,321; value of pleasure carriages, $110,000. Total, $27,326,026. Banks. There were, in 1868, two National Banks, with $200,000 capital, and a circulation of $179,500. 284 [1869. CALIFORNIA. 3. CALIFORNIA. Capital, Sacramento. Area, 188,981 square rmiles. Population, (1866), 470,597. California was settled by the Spaniards in 1769, ceded to the United States by Mexico in 1848, and admitted to the Union as a state in 1850. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. SALARY. Gorverr...............................H. H. HAIGHT........................$7,000 Lieutenant Goernor....................WILLIAM HOLDEN..................... 12 pr. day. Secretary...............................HENRY L. NICHOLS....................4,000 Treaurer..............................ANTONIO F. CORONEL.................4,000 Comptroller.................... ROBERT WATT........................4,000 Attorney General.......................JOSEPH HAMILTON.....................4,000 Surveyor General.......................JOHN W. BOST.......................3,000 Superintendent of Pulic rstruction..... O. P. FITZGERALD.....................3,000 The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attorney General, Surveyor General and Superintendent of Public Instruction, are chosen for f commencing with the first Monday in 4 Z December after the election. The last election for state officers was in September, 1867. The Legislature meets biennially on the first Monday in December of the odd years, 1869, 1871, &c.; the session is limited to 120 days. The Senators, 40 in number, are elected for four years, one-half being elected every second year; the Representatives, 80 in number, are elected for two years. Every white male citizen of the United States, and every white male citizen of Mexico, who shall have elected to become a citizen of the United States under the treaty of peace exchanged and ratified at Queretaro on the 30th of May, 1848, of the age of 21 years, who shall have been a resident of the State six months next preceding the election, and of the county or district in which he claims his vote, thirty days, shall be entitled to vote at all elections, which are now, or hereafter may be authorized by law. JUDICIARY. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice, and four Associate Justices. It has appellate jurisdiction in all cases in equity, in all cases at law involving the title or possession of real estate, or the legality of any tax, toll, fine, etc., or in which the matter in controversy amounts to $300; also in all cases arising in the Probate Courts; and in all criminal cases amounting to felony on questions of law alone. It has power to issue writs of mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and habeas corpus, and all writs necessary and proper to the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction. The State is divided into fourteen judicial districts, in each of which there is a District Court. This Court has original jurisdiction in all the cases in equity and law already mentioned in which the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction. It has Criminal jurisdiction in criminal cases not otherwise provided for. Each organized county has a County Court with 1869.] 285 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. original jurisdiction of actions of forcible entry and detainer, insolvency, nuisance, and of all such special cases as are not otherwise provided for. A Justice of the Supreme Court may issue writs of habeas corpus to any part of the State in behalf of any person held in custody, a District Judge a similar writ in his district, and a Judge of a County Court in his county. The Justices of the Supreme Court are elected by the qualified voters of the State at special elections at which no other than judicial officers shall be elected except the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The District Judges are chosen at the same time by the qualified electors of their respective districts, and the Judges of the County Courts by the qualified electors of their respective counties. The term of office for the Justices of the Supreme Court is ten years; for the Judges of the District Court six years; and for the Judges of the County Courts four years, all commencing on the first of January next succeeding the time of election. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Stephen J. Field. District Judge, Ogden Hoffman. District Attorney, Delos Lake. Marshal, Charles W. Rand. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, George E. Whitney, all of San Francisco. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, Royal T. Sprague. Associate Justices, Lorenzo Sawyer, A. L. Rhodes, O. L. Shaffer, S. W. Sanderson. Attorney General, J. G. McCullough. Clerk, Wm. Wood. Reporter, C. A. Tuttle. Salary of Chief Justice, $6,000; of each Associate Justice, $6,000. DISTRICT COURTS. Judges. First District, Pablo de la Guerra, Santa Barbara; Second District, W. T. Sexton, Oroville; Third District, S. B. McKee, Oakland; Fourth District, E. D. Sawyer, San Francisco; Fifth District, J. M. Cavis, Sonora; Sixth District, J. H. McKune, Sacramento; Seventh District, J. B. Southard, Petaluma; Eighth District, William S. Brock, Eureka; Ninth District, E. Garter, Shasta; Tenth District, J. S. Belcher, Marysville; Eleventh District, S. W. Brockway, Moke. lumne Hill; Twelflh District, O. C. Pratt, San Francisco; Thirteenth District, J. M. Bondurant, Mariposa; Fourteenth District, T. B. McFarland, Nevada. Salaries in Fourth and Twelfth Districts, $6,000; in all the rest, $5,000. REGISTERS IN BANKRUPTCY. First Congressional District, Asher B. Bates, San Francisco; Second Congressional District, Samuel J. Clark, San Francisco; Third Congressional District, Rowland L. Woodworth, Petaluma. TIMES AND PLACES FOR HIOLDING COURTS. United States District Court-District of California. Regular terms in San Francisco, first Monday of April, second Monday of August, and first Monday of December. Speoial terms at the discretion of the court. United States Circuit Court-District of California. Regular terms held in San Francisco, first Monday of February, second Monday of June, and first Monday of October. Special terms at discretion of court. Supreme Court of California. Regular terms at San Francisco, first Monday of January, April, July, and October. DISTRICT AND COUNTY COURTS IN SAN FRANCISCO. District Court. Regular terms Fourth District, first Monday of February, May, August and November; Twelfth District, first Monday of January, April, July, and October. County Court. Regular terms first Monday of January, and of each alternate month thereafter. 286 [1869. .. TFIANCES. RECEIPTS FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING JE 30, 1867. Counties for taxes................................................................$1,910,293.05 Counties for licenses..................................................................112,259.23 Swamp and Overflowed lands......................................................... 28,172.78 State School lands, principal and interest............................................. 48,399.60 Seminary lands, principal and interest................................................ 3,130.69 Building and side lands............................................................... 294.40 Court Fees........................................................................... 13,545.35 Sundry persons for stamps............................................................175,188.91 Commissioner of Immigration....................................................... 13,617.10 State Harbor Commissioners......................................................... 207,464,19 Sales of Soldier's Bounty Bonds...............................1,028,720.00 Miscellaneous.................................... 54,146.76 ............................. Total Receipts..................................................$3,595,232.06 ..??................ EXPENDITURES FOR FISCAL ENDING JUNE 30, 1867. Executive Department...........................;........ $76,181.38 Legislative Department...............................................10,514.57 Judicial Department.............................................................114,564.24 State Library...........................................................13,180.70 Support of Insane....................................................................171,437.35 Support of Deaf, Dumb and Blind.....................................................40,000.00 Military...............................................................................702,698.06 State Printing.......................................................................... 42,314.65 State Prison...........................................................................50,000.00 Support of Indigent Sick.............................................................14,061.45 Charitable Institutions.................................................................84,500.00 Interest on State Debt.............................................................505,543.26 Redemption of State Debt............................................................417,411.44 Purchase of State Bonds.............................................................. 17,725.75 Support of Common Schools.........................................................2833,264.51 Miscellaneous purposes...............................................................440,186.56 Reclamation of Swamp and Overflowed lands......................................... 70,709.87 Total Expenditures..........................................................$2,954,28.79 PUBLIC DEBT. Bonds of 1867 outstanding July 1,1867......................................$.......$,314,000.00 Bonds of 1860 outstanding July 1, 1867................................................177,000.00 Soldiers' Relief Bonds outstanding July 1, 1867....................................... 507,500.00 Soldiers' Bounty Bonds outstanding July 1, 1867....................................1,113,000.00 Total amount of funded debt July 1, 1867....................................,$5,111,500.00 On the 15th day of July, 1867, there was further issue of Soldiers' Bounty Bonds......15,000.00 Making the total fiunded debt on the first day of November, 1867................... $5,126,500.00 Estimated Receipts for 1869........................................................$2,394,440.00 Estimated Expenditures for 1869....................................................2,246,630.00 Total assessed value of property in the state for 1866, $197,789,107, as follows: real estate, $93,379,737; improvements, $15,306,817; personal property, $88,239,582. EDUCATION. The State has made great advances in the cause of public education since its admission to the Union, and has now a school system which in some respects is unsurpassed in any of the Eastern States. The year 1867 marks the change from "rate bill" schools to the free school system. 189.] CALFORNIA. 287 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. There is a State Board of Education which consists of the Governor, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Principal of the State Normal School, the Superintendents of Schools in San Francisco, and in Sacramento, Santa Clara and San Joaquin counties, and two professional teachers holding state diplomas. The Board has power to adopt courses of study, rules and regulations for all public schools in the state, but such rules must not be in conflict with the special rules adopted by the Board of Education of any city or county. The Superintendent of Public Instruction who is elected by the people for four years, has the general supervision of Public Schools and he is ex-o cio one of the Trustees of the Asylum fct the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, and of the State Reform School. A Co'~y Superintendent of Common Schools is elected in each county for two y. who is required to visit each school in his county at least once a year, t::istribute forms, reports and circulars, and make an annual report to the fte Superintendent. Each county, city or incorporated town constitutes a'hooQl district unless districts are otherwise established by the Board of Supervisors. Each district elects a board of Trustees which has power to employ and dismiss teachers and make general arrangements and regulations for the public schools of their respective districts. The State Board of Examination consisting of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and four professional teachers, has power to grant Teachers Life Diplomas valid for life; State Diplomas valid for six years, and State Certificates-first grade, for four years, second grade for two years, and third grade for one year. All regularly issued State Normal School Diplomas of any State Normal School in the United States, and all Life Diplomas granted by the State Board of Examination in any of the United States are recognized as primafacie evidence of fitness for the profession of teaching. There is a County Board of Examiners in each county, composed of the County Superintendent and a number of teachers not exceeding three, who can grant three grades of certificates valid in the county for one, two and three years respectively. Every city having a City Board of Education, governed by special laws, must have a Board of Examiners, consisting of the City Superintendent and three public school teachers. This Board has power to grant certificates of the same grade as the State Board, but valid only in the city in which they are granted. The requirements for State Diplomas, and first and second grade certificates are a knowledge of algebra, arithmetic, English grammar, composition, geography, history of the United States, physiology, natural philosophy, orthography, defining, penmanship, constitution and government of the United States, reading, elocution, and theory and practice of teaching, and good moral character. The requirements for the second grade are the foregoing studies, except natural philosophy and algebra. Life Diplomas may be granted by the State Board of Education to such persons only as shall have taught one year successfully, or have held for the same time the office of State, City or County Superintendent. 288 [1869. The State Normal School is under the charge of a Board of Trustees, composed of the members of the Board of Education. More than nine-tenths of the pupils since its organization in 1862, have been young ladies. The course of study is limited to the elementary branches. A successful Training Department in which the Normal pupils pass a part of their time in observation and practice, is connected with the Normal School. The city of San Francisco has maintained a system of free public schools since the organization of the city government. These schools have been liberally supported and efficiently organized. The growth of the schools has kept pace with the growth of the city. In 1850, there were two teachers and 150 pupils in attendance, and in 1867, 253 teachers and 13,385 pupils. STATISTICS OF SCHOOLS FOR 1867. Number of children between 5 and 15 years of age-whites, 92,409; negroes, 709; Indian children under guardianship of white persons, 1,231. Whole number of census children between 5 and 15 years of age, 94,349; increase in one year, 9,197; number between 5 and 15 years of age who have attended public schools during the school year, 54,726; number of same age who have attended private schools, 14,026; number who have not attended any school during the school year, 21,411. Number of Mongolian children under 15 years of age, 412; number attending school, 218. Number of pupils enrolled-boys, 31,943; girls, 29,284. Total, 61,227. Average number belonging to public schools, 45,673; average daily attendance, 43,271. Average length of schools, 7.2 months. Number of male teachers employed, 616; female teachers, 773; total, 1,389. Number of certificates issued by County Board to male teachers, 362; to female teachers, 491; total, 853. Number of certificates renewed, 296; number of State Diplomas issued, 148. Number of School Districts, 864; school houses built of brick, 58; of wood, 821; number of new school houses erected, 106. Number of schools-1st Grade, 168; 2d Grade, 426; 3d Grade, 471; High Schools, 6. Amount of School Fund received-from State, $268,910.84; from county taxes, $302,945.36; from city tax, $292,773; from district tax, $58,954.74; from rate bills and subscriptions, $81,996.31; miscellaneous sources, $210,857.81; cash on hand at beginning of year, $71,279.92; total receipts, $1,287,687.98. Expenditures-for teachers salaries, $696,110.28; for sites, buildings, and repairs, $238,010.64; for rent, fuel, and contingent expenses, $213,610.96; for school libraries, $10,125.10; for apparatus, $5,431.83; miscellaneous, $5,294; total expenditures, $1,168,583.41; increase ever 1866, $310,096. Average monthly wages paid male teachers, $77; female teachers, $64. Average annual salary of male teachers exclusive of board, $554; of female teachers, $460. The number of teachers in 1867 holding State Life Diplomas, was 46; holding State Educational diplomas, 94; first grade certificates, 157; second grade certificates, 102; third grade certificates, 33. Average cost of tuition for each child enrolled on public school registers, $11.20; total expenditure for each child enrolled, $18.85. Total valuation of school property, $1,346,335.72; of school libraries, $21,366.56; of school apparatus, $21,718. The average daily attendance in 1857, was 9,717; in 1867, 43,271; an increase in ten years of 33,554 or 345 per cent. San Francisco. There were in the city in 1867,20,253 children between 5 and 5 years of age, of whom 1,761 were between 5 and 6 years of age and not allowed to attend the public schools. 13,000 of those between 6 and 15 were enrolled, the average number belonging to the schools being 10,856. There were 4,165 in private schools, and 1,277 not attending any school. The city has 3 High Schools, 8 Grammar schools, and 24 Primary schools. There are 10 High School classes averaging 25 pupils each, 58 Grammar School classes, averaging 55 pupils each, and 152 Primary school classes, averaging 60 pupils each. The average cost of each scholar per year in the High School, is $82.49, in the Grammar and Primary Schools, $17.17. Fifty of the teachers are graduates of the California State Normal School, several others are from Normal Schools in the Eastern States. The amount paid for tuition during the year was $209,736.92, an increase of $26,201.84 over 1866. Spme of the school-houses are among the finest in the country. Sacramento. The first public school in this city was opened in February, 1854; in July of the same year, there were 261 pupils in the public schools, and 250 in private schools; the number of children in the city between the ages of 4 and 18 was 1,218. In 1867, there were of 19 1869.1 CALIFORNIA. 289 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. children under 15 years of age-white, 3,782; colored, 102: Indian, 14; Chinese, 45; total, 3,943. The average number of pupils attending the public schools in 1867, was 1,700; average attendance about 1,300. There are 15 schools in the city, viz: 1 High School, under the charge of a Principal and assistant; 1 Grammar School, under a Principal and four assistants; 4 Intermediate Schools, under a Principal and assistant each; 7 Primaries having a Principal and assistant each; 1 Colored School, with a Principal and assistant: and an Ungraded School, with a Principal only. The Colored School is not graded. The Board of Education now employs 32 teachers and assistants. The cost per pupil in 1866 (a fair average) was $10.95 per annlum in the Primary Schools, $16.40 in the Intermediate, $29.60 in the Grammar, $36.83 in the Ungraded, $27.52 in the Colored, and $61.10 in the High Schools. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. The Insane Asylum was opened for the reception of patients in 1851, when 13 were admitted. In 1852, by an act of the Legislature all of the insane of the state were removed to this institution. Out of the 124 admitted that year, only 3 were natives of California. Since that time, the number of insane has steadily and rapidly increased far beyond the usual proportion to the population. Important changes and great improvements have been made in the institution under Dr. Shurtleff, the present superintendent, but it is much crowded and the Medical Visitors recommend the removal of all "foreign patients, as well as epileptics, idiots and imbeciles," that the legitimate indigent insane persons, residents of the state may be properly treated. The Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, has been reorganized under the act of the Legislature, approved March 31, 1866. A new and convenient building, 194 by 148 feet, has been erected, upon a tract of 130 acres, near Oakland, in Alameda County. It provides for a separation of the deaf and dumb, from the blind, and also for the complete separation of the two sexes. No charge is made to pupils from California, those from other states pay $300 per annum. The State Reform School at Marysville was reported in successful operation at the close of the year 1867. The Legislature at a previous session, passed a bill abolishing the school, and providing for the transfer of its inmates to the Industrial School of San Francisco but it was not approved by the governor. Insane Asylum of California, Stockton. G. A. SHURTLEFl, M. D., Superintendent. Number of patients in asylum October 1, 1866-males, 506; females, 187; total, 693. Admitted during the year-males, 226; females, 87; total, 313. Whole number under treatment during the year-males, 732; females, 274; total, 1,006. Number of patients discharged during the yearmales, 107; females, 32; total, 139; recovered, 125; improved, 14. Number died during the year-males, 66; females, 23; total, 89. Eloped, 9. Remaining October 1, 1867, 769. Supposed cause of insanity of those admitted during the year-intemperance, 19; injury to the head, 9; menstrual derangement, 6; sickness, 11; domestic trouble, 12; masturbation, 34; religion, 12; child-birth, 5; pecuniary losses, 18; hereditary, 8; love, 6; epilepsy, 8; spiritualism, 4; miscellaneous and unknown, 167; total, 313. There were-unmarried, 172; married, 114; widowed, 10; unknown, 17; total, 313. Occupation of those admitted-miners 39; laborers, 54; farmers, 15; housewives, 56; servants, 11; clerks, 4; merchants, 5; carpenters, 8; soldiers, 6; sailors 13; shoe makers, 6; barbers, 3; bar-keepers, 3; stewards, 4; tailors, 5; cooks, 3; unknown, miscellaneous or of no occupation, 78; total, 313. Age of those admitted-less than 15 years of age, 1; 15 to 20, 8; 20 to 30, 91; 30 to 40, 105; 40 to 50, 44; 50 to 60, 9; 60 to 70, 3; unknown, 52; total, 313. 290 [1869. California Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and the Blind, San Francisco. WARREN WILKINSON, M. A., Pincipal. Number of deaf and dumb in the institution, October 1, 1866, 36; admitted during the year, 20; total number under instruction, 56; number who have left during the year, 8; remaining October 1, 1867, 48. Number of blind in the institution October 1, 1866,19; admitted during the year, 12; whole number under instruction during the year, 31; number who have left during the year, 9. Remaining October 1, 1867, 22. Total number in both departments, 70. PRISONS. We have been unable to obtain reliable statistics from the county jails. The State Prison was opened in 1851, when the number of commitments was 35. This number was increased with varying regularity until 1855, when it amounted to 266. There was then a decrease in the number received for four successive years, when in 1859, it amounted to 220. In 1860, it rose to 295, but on the breaking out of the war it was again diminished, until in 1863 there were but 163 admitted; from that time the number has increased in each successive year, and in 1867 was 287. Though the capacity of the State Prison has been increased by the erection of two additional prison buildings containing 392 cells, the increase of prisoners has kept pace with the increase of cells. The Directors urge strongly that some provision be made for the separation of young convicts from those hardened in crime. The demand for prison labor has much increased during the last two years, but the shop room and facilities for the employment of the prisoners are inadequate. Notwithstanding the large increase in numbers, the health of the prisoners has been exceedingly good; the average amount of sickness, and percentage of deaths being less than in the prisons in the Eastern States and in Europe. State Prison, San Quentin. CON MURPHY, Turnkey. Whole number of prisoners, Nov. 1, 1866, 694; number received during the year, 287; number discharged, 289. Whole number Nov., 1867, 692; of whom 66 were less than 20 years of age; 155 from 20 to 25; 156 from 25 to 30; 149 from 30 to 35; 76 from 35 to 40; 71 from 40 to 50; and 19, 50 years and upwards. Fifty-one were sentenced 1 year; 100, 2 years; 132, 3 years; 56, 4 years; 93, 5 years; 55, from 5 to 7 years; 109, from 7 to 10 years; 54, from 10 to 15 years; 2, from 15 to 20 years; 18, 20 years and upwards; and 22 for life. The crimes for which the prisoners were sentenced were-murder, 12; murder, second degree, 77; manslaughter, 50; assault to murder, 16; assault with deadly weapon, 13; rape, 9; assault to rape, 12; robbery, 65; assault to rob, 7; burglary, 114; arson, 5; arson, second degree, 5; forgery, 9; perjury, 3; breaking jail, 3; felony, 14; grand larceny, 252; housebreaking, 13; incest, 3; miscellaneous, 10. Total, 692. Five hundred and sixty-four were serving their 1st term; 89, their second term; 24 their third term; 13, their fourth term; 1 the fifth term'; and 1 the sixth term. Number that could read, 483; read and write, 436; that could do neither, 209. Number of native Californians, 74; natives of other parts of the United States, 243; foreign birth, 375. Per cent. who could not read,-native Californians, 75; natives of the United States, 12; foreign born, 33. Total expenditures of prison for two years, $227,686.12; earnings, $79,628.79; deficiency, $168,057.33. Of the expenditures, $84,638.64 was for redemption of scrip; $124,124.50 for commissary supplies, $5,673, for salaries; the remainder, miscellaneous. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population rapidly increased after the opening of the gold mines in 1848. Since the discovery of mineral treasure in the states and territories 1869.] CALIFORNIA. 291 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. east of California, emigration to these states has taken place, to a considerable extent, but the immigration from the Eastern States, firom Europe, Asia, and the Hawaiian Islands has continued to add largely to the population which at different periods was as follows: 1850...........92,597 1860.......... 397,994 1866...............470,597 California has an area of 188,986 square miles, or 120,947,840 acres, of which not less than 89,000,000 including swamp lands capable of reclamation, are suited to some kind of profitable husbandry. It is supposed that at least 40,000,000 acres are fit for the plough, and the remainder is adapted to stock raising, fruit growing and other branches of agriculture. The soil and climate of California are eminently adapted'to the growth of cereals, fruits and vegetables. The hardier fruits succeed well in all parts of the state, and along the southern coast, oranges, lemons, figs, pineapples, and other tropical fruits are raised. Cotton, sugar-cane, and indigo, are also produced in this portion. The yield of wheat in 1860 was over 5,000,000 of bushels; in 1866, it was 14,080,752 bushels, of which about 4,000,000 were used for home consumption, leaving 8,000,000 for export. Fruit trees grow rapidly, bear early, regularly, abundantly, and produce fruit of large size and superior quality. The soil and climate appear to be well adapted to grape culture, and the manufacture of wine. Three hundred varieties of grapes have already been cultivated, among which are the choicest wine producing grapes of Europe. It is estimated that thirty millions of vines are already set and will be in full bearing in three years. The vineyards seldom yield less than 1,000 lbs. of grapes per acre, and in some places the product is 20,000 lbs. per acre. The climate of California is favorable to stock raising, and in many parts this is the leading branch of husbandry. Horses, mules, oxen, beef cattle, cows, and sheep are extensively raised. Sheep husbandry is rapidly becoming an important interest. The slopes of the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada afford abundance of excellent pasture throughout the year. Another branch of industry progressing with satisfactory results is the cultivation of the mulberry and silk worm. The general absence of rain from May to November, and of explosive electricity, is said to be a climatic condition highly favorable to the raising of the silk worm. Cocoons raised in this State and sent to France for examination have been pronounced of superior excellence, and, on measurement, found to exceed the European by from 50 to 100 yards of silk. As both the mulberry and the silk worm are so thrifty, there is no'reason to doubt that silk culture will succeed, and that it will become an important interest in the state. Four millions of cocoons were brought into market in 1866. Two large silk factories have been established in the State, and silk of very excelent quality is being manufactured. California has an abundance of timber of the finest varieties. The northern part of the coast is well covered with spruce, pine, and redwood, and the valleys with oak. The most remarkable tree in California, and the largest in the world is the Sequoia gigantea, or mammoth tree, growing with a clear straight stem, sometimes to the height of 400 feet, with a diameter from 30 to 40 feet in the largest specimens. It 292 [1869. is found only on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, in Southern California. Fifteen or twenty groves are now known. By an act of Congress the land containing the "Big Tree Grove," in Mariposa county, embracing an area of 2,589 acres, has been ceded to the State, to be held for all time as a place of public resort and recreation. The same act also granted to the State, the Yosemite valley, embracing 36,111 acres, celebrated as one of the curiosities of the globe. The manufacturing industry of the State has rapidly increased. The number of establishments in 1860 was 8,468, with a capital of $22,051,096, using raw material valued at $27,051,674, the cost of labor being $28,402,287, and the product of the year's operations was valued at $68,253,228, leaving a profit of $12,799,267, or fifty-eight per cent. On the capital invested. The returns received from County Assessors, by the Surveyor General, and published in his report for 1867, show that the advance in this branch of industry has been no less remarkable than the agricultural development. The great and distinguishing feature of California, is, however, its mineral wealth. The first discoveries of gold were made in 1848, when the amount taken from the mines was $10,000,000, increasing to $40,000,000 in 1849, and upwards of $65,000,000 in 1853, which was the largest product of any year. The value of the products of a few of the leading staples of the state in 1866, was as follows: 14,080,752 bushels wheat........... $14,080,752 5,229,826 pounds wool................. $836,772 11,605,922 bushels barley............. 4,722,615 1,791,633 gallons wine................ 716,653 1,864,379 bushels oats................ 932,189 1,983,068 bushels potatoes............ 1,195,841 358,584 tons hay.....................2,868,672 181,850 bushels peanuts,............. 545,550 4,449,835 pounds butter,............... 1,334,950 242,213 bushels beans................ 363,319 2,110,058 pounds cheese.............. 316,508 Total value.......................................................................$27,913,821 The amount of land enclosed, was 4,207,131 acres; cultivated, 1,774,327 acres. The number of horses was 109,907; mules, 21,310; cattle, 436,363; sheep, 1,346,749; Cashmere and Angora goats, 2,753; hogs, 332,049; hives of bees, 27,204. Trade and Commerce of San Francisco) for the first six months of 1868: Imports from foreign countries, $8,000,000 gold; from the Atlantic states, $22,457,000, currency; an increase of $8,000,000 over the same period last year. The exports were-merchandise, $11,000,000; coin, $20,000,000; total, $31,000,000 gold. The duties on imports amounted to $4,028,522, and the receipts of internal revenue, $3,000,000. During these six months 1,550 vessels arrived, bringing 500,000 tons of freight. The arrivals of passengers by sea, were 32,186; departures, 11,367; net gain, 20,819. Of the $5,448,000 of merchandise shipped the first quarter of 1868, $4,316,000 was for some 50 articles of California produce, the principal items of which were as follows: wheat, $2,452,000; flour, $836,000; barley, $37,000; beans, $13,000; potatoes; $9,000; borax, $10,000; quicksilver, $387,000; ores, $78,000; hides and skins, $116,000; wool, $186,000; leather, $41,000; wine, $42,000; brandy, $9,000; and bread, $12,000. The gold deposits at the San Francisco Branch Mint during the first three months of 1868, amounted to 60,000 ounces, and the coinage to $1,312,000. The total exports of treasure for the first quarter of the past three years have been as follows: 1866, $9,532,544. 1867, $9,825,304. 1868, $10,540,415. The exports of merchandise for 1867 were $22,465,903; and of treasure, $41,676,722.16. About $6.000,000 was shipped east by the United States sub-treasurer, making the total, $47,676,292, and the aggregate of treasure and merchandise, $70,142,195. The total amount of treasure exported from 1849 to 1868, was $826,873,738.21. 1869.] CALIFORNIA. 293 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 4. CONNECTICUT. Capitals, Hartford and New Haven. Area, 4,674 square miles. Population, (1860), 460,147. THis State includes the original colonies of Connecticut and New Haven. The Connecticut colony was settled in 1633, at Windsor, and in 1635, at Hartford and Wethersfield, by persons from Massachusetts; and the New Haven colony in 1638, by a company from England. Separate governments were maintained until the colonies were united by the charter of Charles II, in 1662. The two capitals have been continued, the legislature meeting alternately in each; it meets in Hartford in 1869. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. GoVernor...........................JAMES E. ENGLISH...........New Haven....$2,000 Lieutenanrt Governor................EPHRAIM H. HYDE...........Stafford....... 500 Secretary of State...................LEVERETT E. PEASE.........Somers......... 1,000 Treasurer..........................EDWARD S. MOSELY.........Hampton........1,500 Comptroller......................... JESSE OLNEY............... Stratford.....1,000 Commissioner of School Fund.......GEORGE A. PAYNE.......... Woodstock......2,000 and ex. Secretary of Board of Education....BIRDSEY G. NORTHROP......New Haven.....3,000 " State Librarian.....................CHARLES J. HOADLY........ Hartford........1,600 Executive Secretary.................R. W. WRIGHT...............New Haven......1,600 The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, and Comptroller, are chosen by the legal voters of the State on the first Monday in April, annually, and hold office from the first Wednesday in May. By the Constitution, the Senate must consist of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members, to be chosen by districts; the present number of districts is 21. The House of Representatives consists of 237 members, 2 for each town incorporated prior to the adoption of the State Constitution of 1818, and one for each town incorporated since. The Senators and Representatives are elected, annually, at the same time as the Governor. The Commissioner of the School Fund, and the State Librarian are appointed by the legislature. The Secretary of the Board of Education is chosen by that Board. Every white male citizen of the United States, who shall have attained the age of twenty-one years, who shall have resided in the State for the term of one year, and in the town where he offers to vote, six months, and who is able to read any article of the Constitution, is entitled to the privileges of an elector, upon taking the oath prescribed by law. CONNECTICUT NATIONAL GUARDS. Caommander-in- Chief.............. JAMES E. ENGLISH.......................New Haven. Ma'or General......................WILLIAM H. RUSSELL.................... New Haven. Adjutant General...................COLIN M. INGERSOLL.................... New Haven. Quartermaster General.............WIL LIAM M. CHARTER...................Hartford. Surgeon General....................JAMES H. HOYT.........................Stamford. Commissary General...............WILLIAM G. C OE......................... Winsted. Paymaster General.................WILLIAM S. CHARNLEY................. New Haven. Brigadier General. 1st Brigade.....CHARLES H. PRENTICE...................Hartford. Brigadier General, 2nd Brigade.... STEPHEN W. KELLOGG...................Waterbury. The military consists of 4 companies of Governor's Guards, and of the lst division of state militia in which are 2 brigades with 4 regiments each, a part of which are unorganized, and 5 batteries of light artillery. 294 [1869. JUDICIARY. By act of 1867, the Supreme Court of Errors is to consist of one Chief Judg,e and three Associate Judges, who shall also be judges of the Superior Court. Reversal of any judgment or new trial must be with the concurrence of a majority of the judges, but in reserved cases where no verdict has been rendered, if the judges are equally divided, the same may be determined by the casting vote of the chief justice. Parties in all cases, have a right to be heard in full court, and if one of the judges is absent, the Chief Justice, or, in his absence, the senior Judge present, shall summon one or more of the judges of the Superior Court to constitute a full court. The Supreme Court of Errors has final and conclusive jurisdiction of all matters brought by way of error or complaint from the judgment or decrees of any Superior Court in matters of law or equity, wherein the rules of law or the principles of equity appear, from the file, records or exhibits of said court, to have been mistakenly or erroneously adjudged or determined. The Superior Court consists of six judges, exclusive of those who are judges of the Supreme Court; it has cognizance of all causes, civil and criminal, which are brought before it by suit, appeal, writ of error, scire facias, complaint, petition, or otherwise, according to law, and may try the same by jury or otherwise, as the law may require, and proceed therein to judgment and execution, but in all criminal trials, punishable by death, the court must consist of at least two judges, one of whom must be a judge of the Supreme Court. The judges of the Supreme Court of Errors and of the Superior Court are apointed by concurrent vote of the Senate and iHouse of Representa- ~ tives, and hold office for the term of eight years, but are disqualified by the constitution when seventy years of age. The Superior Court appoints its clerks, who are also clerks of the Supreme Court. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Samuel Nelson. District Judge, William D. Shipman. District Attorney, Hiram Wiley. Marshal, John Gould. Deputy Marshals, P. F. Barnum, F. M. Lovejoy, W. Russell, N. B. Payne. Clerk of Circuit Court, Alfred Blackman. Clerk of District Court, Loren P. Waldo. SUPREME COURT OF ERRORS. Chief Justice, Joel Hinman, New Haven. Associate Justices, Thomas B. Butler, Norwalk; John'D. Park, Norwich; Charles J. McCurdy, Lyme; Elisha Carpenter, Wethersfield. Clerks of Courts, Chauncey Howard, Hartford; Arthur D. Osbornie, New Haven; Wm. L. Brewer, Norwich; Elisha S. Abernethy, Bridgeport; Uriel Fuller, Brooklyn; Wm. L. Ransom, Litchfield; Chas. G. A. Vinal, Middletown; Joseph Bishop, Tolland. Reporter, John Hooker, Hartford. SUPERIOR COURT. Judges, Dwight W. Pardee, Hartford; James S. Phelps, Essex; Dwight Loomis, Rockville; Edward I. Sanford, New Haven; William T. Minor, Stamford; Miles T. Granger, North Canaan. STATE'S ATTORNEYS. Hartford County, William Hamersley, Hartford; New Haven County, Eleazer K. Foster, New Haven; New London County, Daniel Chadwick, Lyme; Fairfleld County, Nelson L. White, 1869.] CONNECTICUT. 295 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Danbury; Windham County, Edward L. Cundall, West Killingly; Litchfield County, Charles F. Sedgwick, Sharon; Mddesex County, William T. Elmer, Middletown; TolandCounty, Dwight Marcy, Tolland. TERMS OF SUPREME COURT. The State is divided into four Judicial Districts corresponding to the Congressional Districts, and two terms are held in each district, annually, as follows: lst District, consisting of Hartford and Tolland Counties, 4th Tuesday in February, 1st Tuesday in September; 2d District, consisting of New Haven and Middlesex Counties, 2d Tuesday in February, 4th Tuesday in September; 3d District, consisting of New London and Windham Counties, 2d Tuesday in March, 4th Tuesday in October; and in the 4th District, consisting of Fairfield and Litchfield Counties, one term is held annually at Litchfield, in the county of Litchfield, on the 2d Tuesday of August, and two terms at Bridgeport, in Fairfield County, on 1st Tuesday in February, and 2d Tuesday in October. TERMS OF SUPERIOR COURT. Hartford County, Hartford, 2d Tuesday of March, 3d Tuesday of July, 4th Tuesday of September, 3d Tuesday of December. New Haven County. New Haven, 1st Tuesday of March, 2d Tuesday of May, 1st Tuesday of September, 2d Tuesday of October, 3d Tuesday of December. New London County, New London, 3d Tuesday of January, last Tuesday of March, 2d Tuesday of September;'Norwich, 3d Tuesday of November. Fairfieted County, Bridgeport, 1st Tuesday of March, 3d Tuesday of December; Danbury, 2d Tuesday of August, 3d Tuesday of October. Windham County, Brooklyn, 1st Tuesday of January, 3d Tuesday of April, 4th Tuesday of August, 1st Tuesday of November. Litchfield County, Litchfield, 4th Tuesday of January, 2d Tuesday of April, 2d Tuesday of September, 1st Tuesday of November. Middlesex County, Middletown, 1st Tuesday of February, 1st Tuesday of December; Haddam, 2d Tuesday of April, 1st Tuesday of September. Tolland County, Tolland, 2d Tuesday of April, 2d Tuesday of September, 1st Tuesday of December. FINANCES. Balance in Treasury to the credit of all accounts, April 1, 1867, $499,115.09 Receipts from all sources during the year, - - - 2,711,236.17 Total, - - - - - - $3,210,351.26 Deduct payments for all purposes, - - - - 2,496,895.32 Balance April 1, 1868,.- - - - - $713,455.94 RECEIPTS FOR CIVIL LIST ACCOUNT FOR YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 186& By Balance in Treasury March 31, 1867...............................................$400,483.10 From Forfeited Bonds.............................................................. 9,950.26 " Avails of Courts............................................................... 1,525.33 Tax on Auction Sales.......................................................... 1,171.92 Tax from agents of Foreign Insurance Compa nies............................. 10,147.46 " " Savings Banks...................................................:... 208,304.68 " " " Railroad Corporations....................................... 207,938.36 " " Mutual Insurance Companies........................................ 64,466.22 " " Express Companies................................................. 4,000.00 " Non-Resident Stockholders.......................................... 39,478.15 " " on Capital Stocks......................................................... 402.00 " from Tovns............................................................... 953,866.91 " Cash for Licenses to Insurance agents......................................... 2,400.00 From Cash from miscellaneous sources.............................................. $37,734.40 By License to salesmen.............................................................. 14,000.00 By cash of Wm. A. Buckingham in settlement of accounts.......................... 3,000.00 $1,958,868.79 EXPENDITURES. The current expenses for the year ending March 31,.1868, were as follows: Debenture and Contingent Expenses of the General Assembly................... $86,275.85 Account of Salaries.................................................................. 39,907.05 296 [1869. CONNECTICUT. ....... 103,25.59 ......... 144,396.07 ...... 300.00 ...... 7,916.57 ...... 300.00 ...... 203,104.54 ....... 16,791.57 ....... 77,197.33 ....... 15,000.00 ....... 75,000.00 ....... 9,995.90 ....... 517,963.00 ....... 123,000.00 ....... 1,767.16 .......536,668.16 $1,958,868.79 STATE DEBT. At the commencement of the fiscal year, the funded debt state amounted to, - - - -. Less this amount to credit of Sinking Fund Bonds burn order of the General Assembly, - - - Balance, - - -. Deduct bank stock at market value, - Cash on hand April 1, 1868, - Leaving the liabilities of the state over and above assets, EDUCATION. There are three colleges in the state. Yale College at New Haven, (Congregational); Trinity College at Hartford, (Episcopal); and Wesleyan University at Middletown, (Methodist). Yale College has connected with it a Theological Seminary, a Law school, a Medical school, and the Sheffield Scientific school. The latter institution has received from Joseph E. Sheffield, Esq., donations amounting in all to more than $160,000, and is amply provided with all the requisites for giving thorough instruction in the various departments of mathematical, physical and natural science. By an act of the Legislature it has been constituted the Connecticut college for the promotion of agriculture and the mechanic arts, and has received the benefit of the land appropriation bestowed by Congress for this purpose. The Yale School of Fine Arts was established by the liberality of the late Augustus R. Street, Esq., of New Haven. An art building has been erected for the exhibition of works of art and instruction of classes in the various arts of design. The other professional schools are, The Theological Institute of Connecticut, also Congregational, which has been removed from East Windsor to Hartford, and the Berkeley Divinity School, (Episcopal) at Middletown. (See table of professional schools). The Episcopal Academy at Cheshire, and the Connecticut Literary Institute, Suffield, are prosperous institutions, supported in part by denominational aid. 1869.] 297 $9,705,400.00 ned by - 1,284,307.35 - $8,421,092.65 ,500.00 ,455.94-1,096,955.94 $7,324;136.71 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. There are about 25 incorporated academies in successful operation. Seven of the cities and many of the larger villages support public High Schools. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor, ex-offcio, and one person appointed by the legislature for four years from each of the four Congressional districts, constitute the State Board of Education, which has the general oversight and control of the educational interests of the State. This Board appoints its own Secretary, who, under its direction, exercises a general supervision over the common schools; collects information from school visitors, and submits an annual report to the General Assembly. There are in the State 8 cities and 163 towns, which are divided for school purposes into 1,620 districts. The districts elect by ballot their own committees, clerk, treasurer, and collector. Every common school, to be entitled to the distribution from school funds, must be kept at least six months in each year by a certificated teacher. The Common Schools were made free by act of the General Assembly, 1868. The State Normal School at New Britain, was established by the General Assembly in 1849, and opened in May, 1850. It was under the charge of a Board of eight Trustees, one from each county, until July, 1865, when it was transferred to the supervision of the State Board of Education. During the fifteen years it was under the care of a Board of Trustees, there were 2,248 received, nearly all of whom have taught in common schools since leaving the Normal School. In the summer of 1865, there were 86 in the Normal department, and more than 300 in the Model department. It was continued under the charge of the Board of Education until 1867, when, on account of the withdrawal of the appropriation by the legislature, it was suspended. Teachers' Institutes are held in the different counties, under the direction of the Secretary of the Board of Education, and a sum not exceeding $3,000 per annum may be drawn from the State Treasury to defray expenses. School Statistics. The whole number of children in the state January 1, 1868, between the ages of 4 and 16, was 123,650; average number in each district, 78; number of common schools, 1,645; number of departments in public schools, 2,066; average length of winter schools in weeks, 16.9; average length of summer schools in weeks, 16; number of scholars registered in winter, 80,148; in summer, 73,865; per centage of those enumerated registered in winter, 66; average attendance in winter, 57,117; in summer, 52,299; per centage of attendance in winter as compared with number registered in winter, 71.3; compared with number enumerated, 47.2; number of scholars over 16 years of age in public schools, 2,181; number of male teachers in winter, 617; in summer, 139; number of female teachers in winter, 1,560; in summer, 2,023; number of teachers of the same school two or more successive terms, 1,218; number who have never taught before, 637; number reported as graduates of a Normal School, 123; average wages per month of male teachers including board, $52.05; increase over previous year, $6.84; average wages per month of female teachers including board, $24.91; increase over previous year, $1.77; number of new school houses erected in the year, 43; number of school houses reported "good," 978; number reported "fair," 368; number reported "bad," 291. Amount of State School Fund, $2,044,035.47; Town Deposit Fund, $763,661.83; Revenue of State School Fund, distributed February 28, 1868, $136,015.00; Revenue of Town Deposit Fund, $44,979.34; Town Tax for Common Schools, $149,681.00; District Tax, $466,931.90; Tuition, $89,260.00; Raised from other sources, $99,981.66; Aggregate amount from all sources, $983,806.32; Amount expended-Teachers' wages, $557,193.22; Fuel and incidentals, $64,606.19; New buildings, $196,453.28; Repairs, $49,471.84; Libraries and school apparatus, $2,802.93; Other objects, $92,200.75; Total amount expended for schools, $962,728.21. 298 [1869. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. The American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, is the oldest institution of the kind in the country. It was incorporated in 1816, and opened on the 15th of April, 1817, with 7 pupils. This number was in creased during the year to 41, representing ten different states. The institu tion in 1819, received an endowment from the National Congress of 23,000 acres of land. Liberal terms were made for receiving pupils from other states, and the Legislatures of several states made appropriations to support their indigent deaf mutes at this asylum. In the earlier periods of instruction much use was made of the system of methodical signs so carefully elaborated by Dr l'Epee and Sicard, in which each word had a definite and fixed sign, and could be given in the proper order in the sentence. These signs were greatly simplified and improved by Mr. Gallaudet and his early associates. His successors continued to introduce such modifications and improvements as the experience of intelligent teachers suggested. The methods now pursued have the same general end in view as at first, that is to enable the pupils to hold communication with society by means of written language, but they secure this result earlier and more satisfactorily by leading the pupil sooner to use forms of connected language. Special attention has been given from the first to the religious and moral culture of the pupils. The Retreat for the Insane was incorporated in 1822 when it received a grant of $5,000 from the state, and about $18,000 from donations of private individuals. Additional grants, amounting in all to $19,000, have been made by the state towards the erection of buildings, and in 1842, $2,000 per annum was also appropriated to pay for the board of indigent patients. The Legislature in 1866, incorporated the General Hospital for the Insane, which is pleasantly located at Middletown on the banks of the Connecticut river. It is under the supervision of a Board of Trustees, consisting of the Governor ex-offeio, and one person from each county in the state. An appropriation of $35,000 in 1866, $150,000 in 1867, and $200,000 in 1868, was made for land and buildings, and a site was donated by Middletown. The buildings which were commenced in 1866, are of Portland free stone, and to be 768 feet in length, with accommodations for at least 450 patients. The committee of inquiry appointed in 1865, by the Legislature, reported in 1866, 706 insane persons in the state, of whom 202 were in the retreat at Hartford. A portion of these have been received into the General Hospital. The State Reform School at West Meriden was opened in 1854. It receives boys from 10 to 16 years of age who have been convicted of offenses known to the laws of the State, and punishable by imprisonment other than such as may be punishable by imprisonment for life. Parents and guardians may indenture boys to the school by paying their expenses while there at the rate of $3 per week. The boys are instructed in the schoolroom four hours daily, and many of them have made very creditable proficiency in study. They are also employed in the work shops and on the farm; the available resources from their labor were greater in 1867-68 than ever before. 299 1869.] CONNECTICUT. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The School for Imbeciles is pleasantly located at Lakeville, in the town of Salisbury. It has convenient buildings and receives both state and private pupils. The state has made an annual appropriation of $3,000 for the indigent pupils from Connecticut. There are three Soldiers' Orphan Homes for the education of children of deceased soldiers located at Darien, Cromwell, and Mansfield under the charge of voluntary societies, but aided by appropriations from the state. A grant of $3,000 annually, is made for the education of the indigent blind at the Perkins Institution for the Blind, Boston. Asylum for Deaf and Dumb, Hartford. COLLINS STONE, Superintendent. The whole number in attendance during the past year was 266, of which 155 were males, and 111 females. There were supported by friends, 21; by the state of Connecticut, 50; of Maine, 43; of Massachusetts, 112; of New Hampshire, 14; of New Jersey, 3; of Rhode Island, 10; of Vermont, 13; whole number of pupils received into the institution since its organization, 1,741. The expenditures for the year were, for cash paid orders in favor of Steward, $28,500; for salaries, $20,036.42; for insurance, $363; for library, $100; for sundry expenses, $1,889.37; reinvestments, fund account, $53,000; balance to new account, $678.00; total expenditure, $104,566.86. The receipts for the year have been, by balance on hand, $80.27; by income from fund, $17,742.17; by rent of dwellings, $475.00; by paying pupils, $3,236.84; by receipts from the six New England States for support of beneficiaries, $36,187.50; by receipts from fund account, $46,500; advanced to A. Blodgett estate, repaid. $345.08: total receipts, $104,566.86. Retreat for the Insane, Hartford. JOHN S. BUTLER, M. D., Superintendent. The whole number of patients at the beginning of the year was, 117 males, 123 females, total, 240; admitted during the year, 72 males, and 101 females, making in all, 413. Of this number there were discharged as recovered, 72; much improved, 36; improved, 28; not improved, 14; died, 17; total discharged through the year, 167; remaining in the Retreat April 1, 1868, 123 males, 123 females; total, 246; whole number admitted from 1824 to 1868, 4,898; whole number discharged during thattime, 4,652. The present superintendent and physician, John S. Butler, M. D., has had charge of the institution since 1843, and there have been admitted under his administration 3,651. The average cost of maintaining each patient for the last year was $5.16 per week. Supposed cause of insanity of the patients admitted since the opening of the Retreat,-ill health of various kinds, 936; intense mental and bodily exertion, 376; intemperance, 309; grief, loss of friends, &c., 241; religious excitement, 237; masturbation, 188; domestic unhappiness, 182; puerperal state, 166; perplexities in business, 121; disappointed affection, 114; epilepsy, 82; paramenia, 48; injuries of the head, 45; turn of life, 41; exposure of various kinds, 34; paralysis, 36; fever, 31; fright, 23; spiritual manifestations, 23; use of tobacco, 22; repelled cutaneous disease, 20; disease of brain, 18; millerism, 16; disappointed ambition, 17; bodily injuries, 15; war excitement, 14; use of opium, 17; erroneous education, 13; miscellaneous or unknown, 1,513. Occupations of males,-farmers, 475; day laborers, 140; merchants, 133; clerks, 73; students, 46; mechanics, 41; carpenters, 38; school boys, 38; shoemakers, 36; lawyers, 33; physicians, 31; teachers, 28; seamen, 26; bookkeepers, 22; painters, 20; blacksmiths, 18; machinists, 18; clergymen, 15; cabinet-makers, 12; speculators, 12; tailors, 12; weavers, 11; soldiers, 11; iron founders, 10: miscellaneous or unknown, 358. Occupation of females,-domestic pursuits, 1.419; domestics, 131; teachers. 94; seamstresses, 68; factory girls, 48; schoolgirls, 40; tailoresses, 22; milliners, 18; miscellaneous or unknown, 238. The age at time of admission from March 31, 1844, to March 31, 1867,-under 15 years of age, 20; from 15 to 20, 218; from 20 to 25, 477; 25 to 30, 443; 30 to 35, 431; 35 to 40, 406; 40 to 45, 364; 45 to 50, 273; 50 to 60. 412; 60 to 70, 231; 70 to 80, 83; over 80, 13; unknown, 27; total, 3,398. Civil condition of those admitted for same time,-single, 1,720; married, 1,583; widowed, 337; total, 3,648. State Reform School, West Meriden. E. W. HATcH, M.D., Superintendent and Physician. This institution had received up to April 1, 1868, 1,270 pupils. The number in the institution at the commencement of last year were, 264; number received during the year, 145; number discharged, 143; remaining in the school, April 1, 1868, 266. Of these, 145 can read in books generally; 100 can read easy lessons; 21 can scarcely read at all; 110 study geography and written arithmetic; 190 mental arithmetic; 12 history; 117 can write letters. The whole expendi [1869. 300 tures of the institution last year were,-for salaries, $9,945.25; for repairs and improvements, $3,845.18; for land, $4,000.00; other expenditures, $43,507.03; total expenditures, $65,297.46. Receipts,-from State Treasury, $31,317.28; from farm, $1,268.96; from chair shop, $31,102.61; from boarders, $546.00; from stable, $300; from incidentals, $784.38. Hartford Hospital, President, JAMEs B. HOSMER; Secretary, F. A. BROWN. The receipts the past year were, from the state appropriation, $2,063.09; from the state, for soldiers, $2,465.65; board of patients, $2,423.56; articles sold, $55: donations, $806.25: from funds, $4,009.62; total receipts, $11,823.17. The expenditures were $12,894.68; the average cost of each patient was $6.12 per week. There were 45 patients in the hospital at the beginning of the year; 221 admitted during the year, and 211 discharged, leaving 55 in the hospital March 1, 1867. Of those discharged, there were recovered, 176; improved, 6; removed, 5; and 24 died during the year. Connecticut School for Imbeciles, Lakeville. H. M. KNIGHT, M.D., Superintendent. Number of pupils September 1, 1868, 40. Source of income, mostly from pay of private pupils; appropriation from state, $3,000. Annual expense to each pupil, $250 to $300. STATE PRISON AND JAILS. In the State Prison the effect of the act of the legislature allowing the warden to deduct a certain percentage of time from the sentence of convicts for good behavior has been salutary. The concerts given during the year under the charge of C. W. Huntington, of Hartford, and the kindness of H. C. Dorsey, of Pawtucket, in donating $1,666 to furnish an annual dinner are mentioned by the directors as having an important influence on the prisoners in promoting reformation. The management of the prison is considered quite successful. State Prison, Wethersfield. WILLIAM WILLARD, Warden. The whole number of prisoners in confinement March 31, 1867, was 207; number received during the year, 81; number discharged or removed, 97; number remaining March 31, 1868, 191. Of these, the number committed for the first offence was, 174; for the second, 13; for the third, 2; or the fourth, 2. There were-males, 182; females, 9. As to nativities-131 were Americans; 60, foreigners. There were under 20 years of age, 11: from 20 to 30,111; from 30 to 40, 39; from 40 to 50, 17; over 50, 13. There were sentenced for one year and under, 4; from 1 to 5 years, 119; from 5 to 10 years, 39; 10 to 20 years, 10; for 24 years, 1; for life, 17. The expenditures for the prison were, for expense account, $8,916.29; provisions, $11,220.13; clothing and bedding, $1,645.62; hospital, $772.45; female department, $324.60; transportation of convicts, $208.09; repairs and improvements, $372.81; total expenditures, $23.460.05. Income,-from shoe shops, $10,295.30; from burnishing shops, $6,824.15; from rule shop, $5,789.46; from profit and loss, $650.25; from board of United States convicts. $1,495.07; interest, $112.15; total receipts, $25,166.38. County Jails. The number of prisoners in the county jails in the state is as follows: New Haven, 69; Hartford, 63; New London, 33; Fairfield, 26; Windham, 12; Litchfield, 12; Middlesex, 5; Tolland, 8; total, 228. The total number of white men who have been in jail is 1,249; of white women, 266; of black men, 148; of black women, 40; total, 1,703. Of minors, 339; of natives of this state, 546; of natives of other states, 352; of foreigners, 795. Of those committed during the year, 560 were from New Haven county; 474 from Hartford; 241 from New London; 108 from Fairfield; 34 from Windham; 53 from Litchfield; 51 from Middlesex; and 27 from Tolland; total, 1,548. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. Population according to each census since 1790. 1790..........238,141 1810............262,042 1830............297,675 1850............ 370,792 1800............251,002 1820............275,202 1840...........309,978 1860............460,147 The increase in population from 1790 to 1840 was quite gradual, the average for each decade being less than 5y2 per cent. With the exception of a limited commerce, the occupation of the people was principally agricultural. The first railroad went into operation in 1838, and in five years, cars were running on five roads wholly or partially within the state. Manufac 1869.] CONNECTICUT. 301 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. tures increased, and the increase in population the next decade was more than 19y1 per cent., and in the decade from 1850 to 1860, more than 24 per cent., or greater than in any other New England state. The proportionate increase in the value of property was still greater, the amount in 1850 being $155,701,980, and in 1860, $444,274,114-an increase of 185 per cent. in 10 years, being greater than in either of the other original thirteen states, or in any other state east of Michigan. Though this state is the smallest in area except Delaware and Rhode Island, and was the twenty-fourth in population in 1860, it then ranked as the first in the production of india rubber goods and sewing machines, the fifth in the product of cotton goods and woolen goods and in the value of book printing; and the fourth in the whole value of the annual products of industry, which amounted to $83,000,000. Since 1860, there has been a large increase of capital invested and of products sent to market. Mines of copper and silver were once profitably worked, but mining is now confined principally to the production of iron from the mines of Salisbury. The value of this product in 1860 was $379,500, but the enhanced price and greater demand has since increased the production. Free stone and granite in Middlesex County, and marble in Litchfield County, are quarried for building purposes and export. Banks. At the close of the fiscal year, March 81, 1868, there were in Connecticut: 6 State Banks with a capital of (and a circulation of $43,851.00)....................$1,610,000.00 5 Banks organized as National Banks with a capital of............................ 2,860,000.00 35 National Banks, changed from State Banks under law of 1863, with a capital of.. 11,172,950.00 32 National Banks changed from State Banks under act of 1864, with a capital of... 10,463,650.00 Aggregate Banking Capital in the state, of 88 banks................................ 25,994,220.00 Savings Banks. There were at the same time 54 Saving Banks, having de posits amounting to............................................................ 36,283,460.81 An increase over last year of........................................................ 5,103,070 67 Market Value of Assets............................................................38,648,891.16 Excess over deposits............................................................... 2,360,430.35 Insurance. There are in the state, fourteen Stock Fire Insurance Companies with a capital of $7,900,000; and a surplus of $431,310; two of these companies have a department of Marine Insurance, and tv,) )f Inland Transportation. There are fifteen Mutual Fire Insurance Companies, eleven of which report a cash capital of $4,262,745.97. Six Life Insurance companies have $21,322,367 of Assets, with $196,125,944 insured; three Accident companies have an aggregate capital of $1,200,000, and two Live Stock companies have a capital of $500,000 each, or an aggregate of $1,000,000. There were in 1866, forty-eight Fire and Marine Insurance Companies from other states doing business in Connecticut. With a capital of $23,000,000, their receipts including interest on invested capital were $20,000,000 and the payments for losses $15,000,000. There were twenty-one Life Insurance companies from other states doing business in this state, which had insured to the amount of $479,815,315, and have assets of $55,522,346. Railroads. There are 14 Railroads in the state having a capital of.............$24,807,348.00 Of which there has been paid in............................................... 19,881,971.71 The whole length of the roads is..................................................872 1-6 miles. Of which there are within the state........................................... 618 miles. Cost of Roads and Equipments................................................... 28,484,324.85 Cost of working the roads........................................................ 5,420,976.24 Total income of the Railroads..................................................... 8,026,939.05 Net Earnings...................................................................... 2,162,775.30 Passenger and other trains have run in all...................................... 8,029,666i miles. Carrying...................................................................5,600,765 passengers. [1869. 302 DELAWARE. 5. DELAWARE. Capital, Dover. Area, 2,120 square miles. Population, (1860),112,216. This state was settled by the Swedes and Finns at Wilmington, in 1627; was subjected by the Dutch of New York in 1655, but fell into the hands of the English in 1664. It was included in the grant to William Penn in 1662, remained a part of Pennsylvania until 1703, and was afterwards under the same government until the adoption of a state constitution, September 20, 1776. It was one of the original thirteen states, and ratified the United States constitution, December 7, 1787. GOVERINMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Goveror.................... GovE SAULSBURY............Dover.........$2,000 Secretary of State.................. CUSTIS W. WRIGHT..........Georgetown.. 500 and fees. State Treasurer.....................WILLIAM J. CLARIKE.........Dov......... 600 Auditor.......................... ROBERT LAMBDEN............Laurel........ 600 Attorney General...................JACOB MOORB................Georgetown... 500 and fees. Adjutant General.................EDWARD D. PORTER.........Newark....... Honorary. The governor is elected by the people for a term of four years. The Secretary of State is appointed by the governor, and serves an equal term with him. The State Treasurer and Auditor are elected by the legislature for two years. The Attorney General is appointed by the governor, and holds office five years. The Senate consists of 9, and the House of 21 members, elected for two years. The legislature meets biennially. The pay of members is $3 a day and mileage. The speaker of each house receives $4 a day and mileage. The elective franchise is given to every free white male citizen of the age of twenty-two years, who has resided one year in the state and the last month thereof in the county, and who has within two years paid a county tax assessed at least six months before the election; every free white male citizen over twenty-one and under twenty- two may vote without paying any tax. Idiots, insane persons, paupers, and felons are excluded from voting, and the legislature may impose forfeiture of the right of suffrage as punishment for crime. JUDICIARY. The judicial power of the State is vested in a Court of Errors and Appeals, Superior Court, Court of Chancery, Orphans' Court, Court of Oyer and Terminer, Court of General Sessions of the Peace and Jail Delivery, Register's Court, and Justices of the Peace. The courts above named are composed of five judges, namely: a Chancellor of the State, who is President of the Orphans' Courts of the respective counties, and four Judges-a Chief Justice and three Associate Judges who compose the Superior Court, Court of Oyer and Terminer, and the Court of General Sessions of the Peace and Jail Delivery. The Register of Wills is the presiding officer of the Register's Court for his county. The Chancellor holds the Court of Chancery in each county of the state. 303 1869.] THE AMIERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The Chancellor and the Associate Judge residing in the county hold the Orphans' Court in each county. The Chief Justice and all the Associate Judges, except the Associate residing in the county where the court is in session, hold the Superior Court and Court of General Sessions of the Peace. All the Judges, except the Chancellor, sit in the Court of Oyer and Terminer. The Court of Errors and Appeals consists of the Chancellor who presides, and at least two of the other Judges of the state. The principal officers are Prothonotaries, Clerks of the Peace, Clerks of Orphans' Courts, Registers in Chancery, Registers of Wills, Recorders of Deeds, Sheriffs, Attorney General, and Clerk of the Court of Errors and Appeals. The Chancellor and Judges are appointed by the Governor, and hold their offices during good behavior. The Sheriff is elected by the people every two years. His official residence is at the county seat. The Clerk of the Court of Errors and Appeals is clerk of that court, which is the highest in the state, and where cases at law or in equity are reexamined by a writ of error or appeal. The Attorney General is a state officer, whose duty it is to prosecute all persons committing offenses against the criminal laws of the state. The Clerks and Registers are appointed by the Governor for the term of five years. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Robert C. Grier. District Judge, Willard Hall. Marshal, Joseph Seal. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, L. E. Wales. JUDGES OF STATE COURTS. Chancellor, Daniel M. Bates, Dover. Chief Justice, Edward W. Gilpin, Wilmington. Associate Justices, Leonard E. Wales, Wilmington; John W. Houston, Milford; Edward Wootten, Georgetown. Salary of Chancellor and Chief Justice, $2,000; of Associate Justices $1,700. TERMS OF COURTS. The Court of Chancery and Orphans' Court are held in Nlewcastle Co., at Newcastle, on the 3d Monday in February, and lst Monday in September; Kent Co., at Dover, on the 1st Tuesday after the 4th Monday in March, and on the 4th Monday in September; Sussex Co., at Georgetown, on the 1st Tuesday after the 2d Monday in March, and on the 1st Tuesday after the 3d Monday in September. The Superior Court and Court of General Sessions of the Peace and Jail Delivery are held in Sussex Co., on the 2d Monday in April and October; Kent Co., on the 4th Monday in April and October; Newcastle Co., on the 2d Monday after the commencement of April term in Kent, and on the 3d( Monday in November. The Court of Errors and Appeals is held at Dover, on the 1st Tuesday in June. FINANCES.- STATE DEBT. Delaware had no debt in 1860; in 1867, the debt was $1,242,000; this was reduced during the year $636,200, leaving the whole debt, December, 1868, $605,800. The state receives an income from railroads and other sources, and from capital invested, sufficient to meet the ordinary expenses of government. 304 [1869. EDUCATION. This state has two colleges. Delaware college at Newark, has been adopted as an agricultural school, and the proceeds of the public lands donated to the state by the United States for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts, are to be invested for the benefit of the scientific department of the college. St. Mary's college, at Wilmington, has about 40 students. The Delaware State Normal University was organized in 1866, and incorporated in 1867. It was commenced without any direct aid froillm the state, with a subscription of twenty scholarships. It provides instruction and training for teachers of common schools, and also for such as desire to prepare to take charge of academies and high schools. No uniform school system, reaching all parts of the state has as yet been adopted, but measures have been inaugurated in various places to secure the benefits of well organized public schools. An annual allowance is made from the state treasury of fifty cents for each scholar in Kent and Sussex counties, and twenty cents for each scholar in Newcastle county. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of the state as given by the United States census at different periods was as follows: White. Free Colored. laves. Total. Increase per cent. 1790..............46,310............. 3,899.............8,887.............59,096............. 1800..............49,852............. 8,268............. 6,153.............064,273............. 8.76 1810..............55,361.............13,136.............4,177.............72,674.............13.07 1820.............. 55,282.............12,958.............4,509.............72,749............. 0.10 1830..............57,601.............15,855.............3,292..............76,748............. 5.05 1840...............58,561.............16,919.............2,605...............78,085............. 1.74 1850..............71,169.............18,073.............2,290.............91,532........... 17.22 1860..............90,589.............19,829.............1,798............112,216............. 22.60 The construction of railroads and other internal improvements have within five years contributed materially to the increase of population and wealth. The opening of the Delaware railroad has furnished means for the development of the resources of the central and southern portions of the state. Agriculture is the prominent interest; the soil and climate, and the proximity of good markets affording favorable facilities for fruit growing, which has been rapidly increasing during the last ten years. Wilmington is the principal manufacturing town. The annual products of its mills and shops, which amounted to nearly ten million dollars in 1860, are constantly increasing. The foreign trade of the state is carried on principally through Philadelphia and Baltimore. The principal exports are flour, grain, fruit and lumber. There are 11 National Banks with a capital of $1,428,185; 4 of the banks with a capital of $913,185, are located in Wilmington. Products in 1866. Indian corn, 4,281,570 bushels, value, $3,724,966; wheat, 685,720 bushels, value, $2,057,160; oats, 2,317,857 bushels, value, $1,274,821; potatoes, 270,220 bushels, value, $189,154. 20 DELAWARE. 1869.] 305. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 6. FLORIDA. Capital, Tallahassee. Area, 59,268 square miles. Population, (1860), 350,000. This state was formed from part of the territory ceded by Spain to the United States, by treaty of February 22, 1819. It was settled in 1565, by the Spaniards, at St. Augustine, was organized as a territory, March 3, 1823, and admitted into the Union as a state, March 3, 1845. An ordinance of secession was passed January 10, 1861, which was repealed, October 28, 1865, by a convention which met October 25. This convention repudiated the rebel debt, and adopted a new constitution. This state was a part of the third military district, and under the command of Gen. Pope from March 15, 1867, to the close of the year. A convention was held January 20, 1868, and a new constitution adopted February 25, which was ratified by the people May 6, 1868. This constitution provides that slavery shall not exist in the state, that there shall be no civil or political distinction on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude; and that the state shall ever remain a member of the American Union, the people thereof a part of the American nation, and any attempt, from whatever source or upon whatever pretence to dissolve said Union, or to sever said nation, shall be resisted with the whole power of the state. The 14th amendment was ratified by the legislature, June 9, and the state admitted to representation in congress by an act passed over the President's veto, June 25, 1868. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE SALARY. Governor...........................HARRISON REED..............Ta llahassee*............$5,000 Lieutenant Govero................ WILLIAM H. GLEASON.....Miami............... 2,500 Secretary of State.................. GEoRGE J. ALDEN............Pensacola.............. 3,000 Treasurer......................... SIMON A. CONNOVER..........Lake City.............. 3,000 Comptroller......................... R. H. GAMBLE...............Tallahassee........ 3,000 Attorney General...................JAMES D. WESTCOTT, JR.....Tallahassee............ 3,000 Superintendent of Pub. Instruction.. C. THURSTON CHASE........ Jacksonville............ 3,000 Commissioner of Immigration....OSCAR E. AUSTIN.......Palatka................ 3,000 Adjutant General...................GEORGE B. CARSE............Tallahassee.............. 3,000 Surveyor General...................FRANK W. WEBSTER.........Tallahassee............. 3,000 The Governor and Lieutenant Governor are chosen by the qualified electors of the state at the time and places of voting for members of the legislature, and hold office for four years. The Secretary of State, Treasurer, Comptroller, Attorney General, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Commissioner of Immigration, and Adjutant General, are appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate, and hold their offices the same time as the Governor, or until their successors shall be qualified. The members of the Assembly, 53 in number, are chosen biennially on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. The next election for this purpose will be in 1870. The Senators, 24 in number, are chosen for a term of four years, at the same timte and place as members of the Assembly. The senators elected in 1868 from districts denoted by even numbers, vacate their seats at the expiration of two years, and thereafter one-half the whole num * The official Post Office address of all the above, except the Lient. Gov., is Tallahassee, Florida. 306 [1869. FLORIDA. ber will be elected annually. The Seminole Indians are entitled to one member in each branch of the legislature. He must be a member of the tribe, and be elected by the qualified Indian electors. The sessions of the legislature are annual, and are held on the first Tuesday after the first Mlonday in January. Regular sessions may extend to 60 days, but any special session convened by the Governor cannot exceed 20 days. The pay of members of the Senate and House of Representatives is $500 per annum, each, and ten cents for each mile traveled in going from their residences to the capital and returning. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, of whatever race, color, nationality, or previous condition, who shall, at the time of offering to vote, be a citizen of the United States, or who shall have declared his intention to become such in conformity to the laws of the United Statqs, and who shall have resided in Florida for one year, and in the county for six months, next preceding the election at which he shall offer to vote, shall in such county be deemed a qualified elector at all elections under this Constitution. The legislature must enact laws requiring educational qualifications for electors after the year 1880, but no such law shall be made applicable to any elector who may have registered or voted at any election previous thereto. JUDICIARY. The Judicial power of the state is vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County Courts, and Justices of the Peace. - The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, who hold their offices for life or during good behavior. They are appointed by the Governor andco med by the Senate. The majority of the Justices constitutes a quorum for the transaction of all business. The Supreme Court holds three terms each year at the seat of government; such terms commence on the second Tuesday of October, January, and April, respectively. This Court has appellate jurisdiction in all cases in equity, also in cases of law in which is involved the title to, or right of possession of real estate; in certain other civil cases specified; and in all criminal cases, in which the offences charged amount to felony. It has power to issue writs of mandamnus, certiorari, prohibition, quo warranto, habeas corpus, and also all writs necessary or proper to the complete exercise of its appellate jurisdiction. It appoints a Clerk who is also Librarian of the Supreme Court Library. There are seven Circuit Judges appointed by the governor, and confirmed by the senate, who hold their office for eight years. The state is divided into seven judicial districts, the limits of which are defined in the Constitution, and one judge is assigned to each circuit. Such judge holds two terms of his court in each county within his circuit, each year, at such time and places as shall be prescribed by law. The judge must reside in the circuit to which he is assigned. The Circuit Courts in the several judicial circuits have original jurisdiction in all cases in which the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction. 1869.] 307 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. They have final appellate jurisdiction in all civil cases arising in the County Court in which the amount in controversy is one hundred dollars and upwards, and in all cases of misdemeanor. The Circuit Courts, and the Judges thereof, have power to issue writs of mandamus, injunctions, quo warranto, certiorari, and all other writs proper and necessary to the complete exercise of their jurisdiction, and also to issue writs of habeas corpus on petition by, or on behalf of, any person held in actual custody in their respective circuits. There is a County Court in each county. The Governor appoints the County Judges, who are confirmed by the Senate, and each Judge holds his office for four years from the date of his commission, or until his successor is appointed and qualified. The County Court is a Court of Oyer and Terminer, and has jurisdiction of all misdemeanors and all civil cases, where the amount in controversy does not exceed three hundred dollars, except when the title or boundaries of real estate is in controversy, and its jurisdiction is final in all civil cases where the amount in controversy does not exceed one hundred dollars. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge,. District Judge-Northern District, Philip Fraser; Southern District, Thomas J. Boynton. District Attorney-Northern District, A. Usher; Southern District, Homer G. Plantz. zFarshal-Northern District, Alexander Magruder; Southern District, George D. West. Clerk of Circuttit and District Courts-lVorthern District, William P. Dockray; Southern District, George D. Allen. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, Edwin M. Randall, Jacksonville. Associate Jusstices, James D. Wescott, Tallahassee; O. B. Hart, Jacksonville. Salary of Chief Justice, $4,500; of each Associate Justice, $4,000. CIRCUIT COURTS. Judges-First Circuit, Homer G. Plantz, Pensacola; Second Circuit, William Archer Cocke, Monticello; Third Circuit, Thomas T. Long, Lake City; Fourth Circuit. Alva A. Knight, Jacksonville; Fifth Circuit, Jesse H. Goss, Ocala; Sixth Circuit, James T. Magbee, Tampa; Seventh Circuit, John W. Price, Enterprise. Salary of each Judge, $3,500. Receipts for fiscal year ending November 1, 1867, - $161,806.21 Warrants issued, - 187,667.63 Excess over receipts, - 25,861.42 Due from revenue not collected, - - - - 28,477.60 Balance in treasury if revenue was all paid in and warrants paid, 2,616.18 The salaries of executive, legislative and judicial officers amount annually to $105,000. The other general expenditures for 1867, were as follows: Criminal prosecutions.....................$35,733.05 Pension Mrs. Reed................ 300 Criminal prosecutions.............. $.55,733.05 Jurors and witnesses............... 22,675.54 Governor's residence............... 1,000.00 School fund........................ 1,171.79 Seminary fund..................... 891.21 Contingent expenses circuit court.. 2,656.04 West Florida Seminary............. 7,581.00 East Florida Seminary............. 3,700.00 Contingent expenses state......... 5,702.26 Maintenance of lunatic s............ 1,019.65 R Indian hostilities, 1849............. 2,516.86 308 [1869. Pension Mfrs. Reed................. Compensation to Attorney General. Expenses of boundary line......... Executors of Gov. Perry........... School fund interest................ Artificial limbs..................... State debt.......................... Freedmen's school fund............ Expenses of convention............ Repairs of capital.................. Moneys refunded................... $300.00 33.00 50.00 5,567.09 914.91 125.00 2,606.00 2,892.88 206.00 1,144.44 50.00 Contingentexpenses Supreme Court $1,345.76 Census of 1867...................... $7,040.78 Printing and publishing............ 17,204.49 Supreme Court reports............. 250.00 Post mortem examinations.......... 765.87 Total............................................$125,143.62 STATE DEBT. The entire debt of the state at the close of the fiscal year, 1867, was.................$523,856.95 Increase from previous year.............................................................. 153,239.95 Of this debt there is due to school and seminary funds............................... 195,239.63 Internal improvement fund.......................................................... 45,000.00 Balance outstanding Nov. 1, 1867.................................................... 283,617.32 EDUCATION. n asserts the duty of the state to make ample provision for I ll the children residing within its borders, without distinc tion or preference. The legislature is required to provide a uniform system of public schools and a University, and to provide for the liberal maintenance of the same, so that instruction shall be free. The Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and Attorney General, constitute the Board of Education. The Superintendent has the general supervision of all the educational interests of the state. Provision is made for a common school fund, the interest of which shall be exclusively applied to the support and maintenance of common schools, and purchase of libraries and apparatus therefor. This fund is to be derived from the following sources, viz: The proceeds of all lands that have been or may hereafter be granted to the State by the United States for educational purposes; donations by individuals; appropriations by the state; the proceeds of lands or other property which may accrue to the state by escheat or forfeiture; the proceeds of all property granted to the state, when the purpose of such grant is not specified; all moneys which may be paid as an exemption from military duty; all fines collected under the penal law of the state; such portion of the per capita tax as may be prescribed by law for educational purposes; twentyfive per centumn of the sales of Public Lands which are now, or which hereafter may be owned by the state. A special tax of not less than one mill on the dollar of all taxable property in the state, in addition to the other means provided, is to be levied and apportioned annually for the support and maintenance of common schools. Each county is required to raise annually by tax, for the support of common schools therein, a sum not less than one-half of the amount appointed to each county for that year from the income of the common school fund. Any school district neglecting to establish or maintain for at least three months in each year, such school or schools as may be provided for by law, will forfeit its portion of the common school fund during such neglect. There are two state seminaries, the East Florida Seminary and the West Florida Seminary which receive appropriations from the state. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The Governor and Cabinet constitute a Board of Commissioners of State Institutions, and this board has supervision of all matters connected with 1869.] FLORIDA. 309 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. such institutions. Governor Reed in his message to the legislature in 1868, strongly urges immediate provision for Asylums for the Insane, Blind, Deaf and Dumb, and for a State Penitentiary. He says that, "Under the present system, the State has really been unable to punish its criminals. To place them in jail, has simply resulted in daily expense without the most remote probability of a payment of fines imposed; the consequence has been that the Governor has found it necessary to exercise the pardoning power to save the State from bankruptcy, and while this course has resulted, no doubt, in saving perhaps considerable sums, yet it has at the same time resulted in releasing the criminal without really adequate punishment for the offence. Crime must be punished or society cannot be maintained." The expenses of the state for 1867, for criminal prosecutions, was $35,733.05, and for jurors and witnesses, $22,675.54. It is supposed that at least an average of 100 persons per day throughout the year, were supported by the state in idleness under the prison system at a cost of about $19,500 per year. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The first United States Census taken in Florida was in 1830, the population at that time, and at the close of each decade since was as follows: Whites. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Inc. per cent. 1830............18,,85....844...15,501.......... 34,730............. 1840............27,943..............817..............25,717.......... 54,477..............56.86 1850................................... 39,310............87,445............. 60.52 1860............77,748..............9 32...........61,745.............140,425..............60.59 The ratio of increase has varied but little; for the first decade it was 56.86 per cent., and for each of the last two decades, a little more than 60.5 per cent. The present population is estimated at 160,000 to 175,000. Of the free population in 1860, 35,602 were born in the state; 39,768 in other states; 3,309 in foreign countries; of whom 320 were born in England; 827 in Ireland; 189 in Scotland; 6 in Wales; 77 in British America; 478 in Germany; 141 in France, and 1,271 in other foreign countries. The Indians may be taxed, in which case they become citizens of the state, and have all the rights and privileges of other citizens. Since the close of the war, emigration from the northern states, and from Europe, has been directed to this state. The mildness of the climate, the productiveness of the soil, and the cheapness of land have induced many to invest capital in agriculture or lumbering, which at present are the leading pursuits of the people, and the chief sources of wealth. Cotton, corn, sugar cane, rice and potatoes, are the principal crops. The raising of vegetables and fruits for the northern markets has proved profitable, and will in a few years add materially to the trade and wealth of the state. Oranges, lemons, and citrons grow well in nearly every part of Florida, and in some localities the fruit is, equal to that raised in any part of the world. In the southern part of the state, pine apples, bananas, figs, and dates, grow in luxuriance. Peaches, grapes, and many other fruits of the northern states, can be produced in abundance, and of excellent quality some weeks before they ripen in the latitude of New York and Philadelphia. About 17,500,000 acres of public lands are yet to be disposed of. In 1860, there were 185 manufacturing establishments, having a capital of $1,874,125, and yielding an annual product valued at $2,447,469. The commerce of the state has not been extensive, but there is a profitable coasting trade. The General Assembly in July and August, 1868, incorporated the Southern Inland Navigation Company, and two Steamboat and Canal companies, all of which have for their object the improvement of inland navigation, also two railroad companies, the aggregate capital of the whole being $1,060,000. 310 [1869. 7. GEORGIA. Capital, Atlanta. Area, 58,000 square miles. Popilation, (1860), 1,507,206. Georgia was settled at Savannah in 1733, by the English, under General Oglethorpe. It received its charter, June 9, 1732, from George II, from whom it was named. It was the last settled of the original thirteen states, formed its constitution in 1777, and ratified the constitution of the United States, January 2, 1788. It was a member of the late Southern Confederacy, adopted an ordinance of secession, January 19, 1861, which was repealed, October 30, 1865, by a convention which assembled on the 25th of the same month. The same convention repudiated the debt incurred by the rebellion, and adopted a new constitution. This state was included in the 3d military district; Major General Pope and General Meade commanding. The new constitution was adopted in convention, March 11, 1868, and ratified by the people, April 20, 1868. This constitution declares that all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and resident in the state, shall be citizens of the state, and no laws shall be made or enforced which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, or of this state, or deny to any person within its jurisdiction, the equal protection of its laws. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NArME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Govenwr...........................R. B. BULLOCK...............Atlanta......$4,000 Secretary of State...................DAVID G. COTLING...........Atlanta....... 2,000 Treasurer.............. N. L. ANGILR............... Atlanta....... 2,000 Comnptroler General................ MADISON BELL............... Atlanta....... 2,000 Attorney General...................H.P. F ow................ Atlanta........ 300 and fees. The Governor is chosen quadrennially for a term f rs, by the t electors of the state. The Secretary of State, Comptroller General, Treasurer, and Surveyor General, are elected by the General Assembly for the same period as the Governor. The Senate consists of 44 members, elected for four years, except that those first elected from the districts having odd numbers, hold their office for two years only; thereafter one-half will be elected biennially. The House of Representatives consists of i75 members, elected biennially for two years. The election of Governor, members of Congress, and members of the General Assembly takes place on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November. The General Assembly meets annually on the second Wednesday of January, and no session can continue longer than 40 days, unless prolonged by a vote of two-thirds of each branch thereof. Every male person, born in the United States, and every male person who has been naturalized, or who has legally declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old, or upward, who has resided in the State six months, next preceding the election, and has resided thirty days in the county in which he offers to vote, and has paid all taxes which may be required of him for the year next preceding the election, and every male citizen of the United States of the age aforesaid, who was a resident of the State at the time of the. adoption of the Constitution, is deemed an 1869.] GEORGIA. 811 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. elector. Soldiers and sailors in the service of the United States, persons convicted of heinous crimes, idiots, and insane persons are excepted. JUDICIARY. The Judicial Powers of this State are vested in a Supreme Court, Superior Courts, Courts of Ordinary, Justices of the Peace, Commissioned Notaries Public, and such other Courts as have been or may be established by law. The Supreme Court consists of three Judges, two of whom constitute a quorum. The constitution of 1868 provided that at the first appointment of Judges of the Supreme Court, one should be appointed for four years, one for eight years, and one for twelve years, but all subsequent appointments, except to fill unexpired terms, will be for the term of twelve years; and that for Judges of the Superior Court, one-half the number should be appointed for four years, and the other half for eight years; but all subsequent appointments, except to fill unexpired terms, will be for the term of eight years. The Supreme Court has no original jurisdiction, but is a Court alone for the trial and correction of errors from the Superior Courts, and from the City Courts of Savannah and Augusta, and such other like Courts as may be established in other cities. There is a Judge of the Superior Courts for each Judicial Circuit. He may act in other Circuits when authorized by law. The Superior Courts have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce; in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to the loss of life or confinement in the Penitentiary; in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases, except as hereinafter pro. vided; but the General Assembly has power to merge the Common Law and Equity Jurisdiction of said Courts. Said Courts have jurisdiction in all other civil cases, except as hereinafter provided. They have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as are provided by law. They have power to correct errors in inferior Judicatories, by writ of certiorari, which only issues on the sanction of the Judge; and to issue writs of mandamus, prohibition, scirefacias, and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect. Until the General Assembly shall otherwise direct, there must be a District Judge, and a District Attorney for each Senatorial District in this State. The District Judge has jurisdiction to hear and determine all offences not punishable with death or imprisonment in the Penitentiary; and it is the duty of the District Attorney to represent the State in all cases before the District Judge. No court has jurisdiction to try or determine any suit or enforce any judgment or execution against any resident of the State upon any contract or agreement made or implied, or upon any contract made in renewal of any. debt existing prior to the first day of June, 1865, except in certain cases specifically mentioned in the constitution. The District Judge and Attorneys hold their offices for a period of four years. The Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts, the Attorney General, Solicitors General and the District Judges, and Attorneys are appointed 312 [1869. by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, and are removable by the Governor, on the address of two-thirds of each branch of the General Assembly, or by impeachment and conviction thereon. Justices of the Peace are elected by the legal voters in their respective Districts, and are commissioned by the Governor. They are removable on conviction for malpractice in office. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Vacancy. District Judge, John Erskine. District Attorney, Henry S. Fitch. Marshal, William G. Dickson. TERMS OF COURTS. The Supreme Court holds its sessions at the seat of government, at such times as are prescribed by law. A Superior Court must sit in each county not less than twice in each year. The District Judge must sit at stated times not less than once in each month, in each county in his district. SUPREME COURT. Judges of Supreme Court. Joseph E. Brown, Atlanta; Henry Kent McCay, Americus; Hiram Warner, Greenville. Salaries $2,500 in specie. CIRCUIT COURT. Judges of Circuit Court. Ist Dist rict, Garnet Andrews, Washington; 2d District, Josiah R. Parrot, Cartersville; 3d District, John R. Alexander, Thomasville; 4th District, Chasee G. Davis, Monroe; 5th District, Carleton B. Cole, Macon: 6th District, James M. Clarke, Americus, 7th District, James W. Green, Americus; 8th District, David B. Hlassell, Thomaston; 9th District, Wm. Gibson, Augusta; 10th District, John D. Pope, Atlanta; iltlih District, Philip B. Robinson, Greenboro; 12th District, Noel B. Knight, Manilla; 13th District, Wm. Schleg, Savannah; 14tht District, John S. Bigby, Newman; 15th District, W. M. Sessions, Blackshear; 16th District, E. H. Worrell, Talbotton. Salaries $1,800 in specie. FINANCES. At the close of the fiscal year, 1866, there was in the treasury a cash balance of - - - - - - $71,752 Assets of the state consisting of shares of banks and railroads, $1,126,900 Bonded debt, - - - - - - 5,706,500 The Western and Atlantic railroad valued in 1862 at $7,869,224, for several years paid into the state treasury an interest of over 6 per ct. on $7,000,000. EDUCATION. According to the census of 1860, there were in Georgia 33 colleges, with 3,302 students, and $167,931 income, yet not more than five or six of these institutions would have ranked as colleges in the northern states. There were then 242 academies and private schools, with 11,075 pupils, and $237,373 income. Many of these institutions were closed during the war, but are now in successful operation. The State University at Athens, founded in 1801, and re-organized so as to include Franklin College, confers five degrees, viz.: Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Laws, Bachelor of Science, Civil Engineer, and Master of Arts. It has a good building, a library of more than 13,000 volumes, besides 4,000 volumes in the libraries of the societies; a valuable and complete philosophical and chemical apparatus; and an extensive Mine GEORGIA. .313 1869.] TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ralogical and Geological Cabinet. It has been re-opened under very favorable prospects. Oglethorpe University, at Milledgeville, Mercer University, at Renfield, and Emory College, at Oxford, are respectively under the charge of the Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist denominations. They were all organized from 1835 to 1838, and have together graduated more than 1,000 students. The Wesleyan Female College at Macon, is in successful operation, with nearly as many students (144) as there were before the war. The Constitution of 1868 provides for the organization of a thorough system of General Education, to be forever free to all children of the State, and creates the Office of State School Commissioner. This officer is appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate, and holds his office for the same time as the Governor. The poll tax allowed by the Constitution, and Educational fund now belonging to the State, except the endowment of, and debt due to the State University, or that may hereafter be obtained in any way, a special tax on shows and exhibitions, and on the sale of spirituous and malt liquors, which the General Assembly is authorized to assessand the proceeds from the commutation for military service, are set apart and devoted to the support of Common Schools. The General Assembly has power to levy such general tax upon the property of the State, as may be necessary for the support of said School System. There must be established as soon as practicable one or more Common Schools, in each School District in the state. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The State Lunatic Asylum, at Medway, near Milledgeville went into operation in 1842. The buildings were subsequently enlarged, but are now insufficient to accommodate all patients. Blacks are entitled to admission as well as whites. This institution and the Academy for the Blind at Macon, have been in successful operation, but the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb was suspended during the war, and had not been opened at our last date. The State Penitentiary at Milledgeville was commenced in 1811, and substantially built of granite. It was repaired and improved in 1859-60, but destroyed during the war. It has since been partially restored and improved. Before the war the convicts were employed in manufacturing leather, wagons, shoes, pails, and other articles. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of Georgia at each census was as follows: White. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. no. peroent. 1790............. 52,886............. 339............ 29,264............ 82,548.............. 1800.............101,678.............1,019............ 59,404............ 162,101.............. 96.37 1810.............145,414............. 1,801............ 105,218............ 252,433............55.73 1820.............189,566............. 1,763............ 149,654...........340,983............. 35.08 1830.............296,806............. 2,486............ 217,531............ 516,823............. 51.57 1840.............407,6 95.............2,753............ 280,944............691,392............. 33.78 1850.............521,572.............2,931............ 381,682........... 906,185............ 31.07 1860.............591,588............3,500............462,198..........1,057,286.............16.67 314 [1869. In 1860, cotton, corn, wheat, and potatoes were the principal products, this state ranking first in the amount of sweet potatoes, and fourth in the amount of cotton produced. At that time, about one-fourth of the land in the state was wild or unimproved. As in most of the other southern states, farms and cultivated lands have depreciated in value since 1860. During ten years preceding the war, manufactures rapidly increased, and at the time the last National census was taken, there were 1,890 establishments annually producing goods to the value of nearly $17,000,000. The state has valuable gold mines; iron ore, marble and other minerals are abundant. Gold was first discovered in Habersham County, in 1831. It is found principally in this county and in Carroll, Cobb, Cherokee and Lumpkin counties. A mint was established at Dahlonega, in this county, in 1837, which has received $600,000 in a single year, with an aggregate coinage to February 28, 1861, $6,121,919. Of this amount, $5,825,747 was received during the period from 1833 to 1857. Placer mining has been prosecuted in northem Georgia in a manner, and with a success not unlike the experience of California. Besides the true veins, which traverse the strata in which they lie in various angles of dip and direction, there are many depositories of gold in all directions around Dahlonega, which are auriferous beds of slates, often decomposed, and sometimes containing pyrites, and the gossan resulting from its decomposition. In Lumpkin and Habersham counties especially, these metalliferous beds have been worked like opened quarries, and the gold in some instances, has been collected with the rocher or the pan, without recourse to crushing. In those parts of the gold region where nature has subjected the auriferous rocks to much dislocation and atmospheric exposure, not only the beds of the veins, but the adjacent detritus of their valleys will unquestionably give large returns to the new and powerful methods for washing ponderous masses of earth. Companies have been organized to introduce these hydraulic appliances upon the Chestatee and other tributaries of the Chattahooche river. The value of property as returned in 1866 was as follows. Land.............................................................................$103,112,524.00 City and town property........................................................... 39,396,81.00 Money and solvent debts......................................................... 34,521,678.00 Merchandise..................................................................... 10,933,173.00 Shipping and tonnage............................................................ 215,667.00 Stocks, manufactures, etc........................................................ 4,120,489.00 Household and kitchen furniture......................:.......................... 1,132,408.00 Property not enumerated......................................................... 28,751,667.00 total value of property returned.................................................$222,183,787.00 The total number of acres of land in the state.......................................... 37,120,000 Number of acres returned in 1860.....................................................33,345,289 Number of acres returned in 1866.....................................................30,116,929 Decrease.............................................................................. 3,228,860 Average value per acre in 1860, $4.85; in 1866, $3.42; decrease per acre, $1.43. In 1860, the' total value of property exclusive of slaves, was $.369,627,922. 1869.] GEORGIA. 315 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 8. ILLINOIS. Capital, Springfield. Area, 55,410 square miles. Population, (1865), 2,141,510. Illinois was settled at Kaskaskia, by the French in 1683, and was claimed by France until the treaty of Paris, in 1763, when it fell into the hands of the English. Soon after, settlers from Virginia located themselves in the territory which came under the government of the United States by the war of the revolution. It formed a part of the North-western territory ceded by Virginia to the United States in 1783, was a part of Indiana as organized in 1800, fiom which it was separated, and made into a distinct territory in 1809. Its constitution was framed in 1818, and it was admitted into the Union, December 23, of that year. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor...........................JOHN W. PALMER..........Springfield...............$1,500 Lieutenant Governor................JOHN DOUGHERTY..........Jonesboro..............* 80 Secretary of State...................EDWARD RUMMEL..........Peoria................... 800 Treasurer...........................E. N. BATES............... Centralia................ 800 Auditor........................... CHAs.E. LIPPINCOTT.......Chandlerville............ 1,000 Superintendent of Public Instructiorn.NEwToN BATEMAN.........Springfield.............. 2,500 Acting Asst. Adjutant General......E. P. NILES.................Springfield.............. 1,800 Attorney General...................WASH. BUSHNELL..........Ottawa.................. 3,500 The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent of, Public Instruction, are elected by the people for four years. The general election is held on the first Tuesday in November. Senators, 25 in number, are chosen for four years; and Representatives, 90 in number, for two years. One-half the Senators, and all the Representatives being elected biennially. The pay of each member of the Legislature, is $2.00 a day for the first forty days, and $1.00 a day afterwards. The Legislature is required to assemble in regular session biennially, on the first Monday in January, in the odd years, 1869, 1871, &c. Every white male inhabitant who was a resident of the state at the adoption of the constitution, and every white male citizen 21 years of age, residing one year in the state is entitled to vote. JUDICIARY. The Supreme Court which has appellate jurisdiction only, consists of three divisions, corresponding to three divisions of the state. There are twenty-eight Circuit Courts presided over by as many judges. These courts have original jurisdictiofi in civil cases of all sums over $100, and concurrent jurisdiction with the justices courts of all sums under $100 and exceeding $20. \ The Superior Court of Chicago has concurrent jurisdiction in the cqunty and city respectively with the Circuit Court in all civil cases, and ii all criminal cases except murder and treason. The Recorder's Court has Arisdiction in criminal cases, and in civil cases to the amount of $100. Each county has a County Court, with jurisdiction to the same amount as Justices of the peace, but the business of these courts is chiefly probate matters. * Several of these officers have fees in addition to their salaries. 316 [1869. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, David Davis. District Judge, Northern District, Thomas Drummond; Southern District, Samuel H. Treat, Jr. District Attoriney, Northiern District, Jesse O. Norton; Southern District, J. E. Rosette. Marshal, Northern District, J. R. Jones; Southern District, John Logan. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, Northerin District, W. H. Bradley; Southern District, Paschal T. Enos. SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT. 1st Division, Jeudge, Sidney Breese, Carlyle; Clerk. Noah Johnson, Jefferson Co. 2d Division, Chief Justice, P. H. Walker, Rushville; Clerk, William A. Tutrney, Springfield. 3d Division, Judge, Charles B. Lawrence, Warren Co.; Clerk, Lorenzo Leland, Ottawa; Reporter, N. L. Freeman, Springfield. Salaries of Judges, $1,200 each. CIRCUIT COURTS. 1st Circuit, Charles D. Hodges; 2d Circuit, Silas L. Bryan; 3d Circuit, Monroe C. Crawford; 4th Circuit, Hiram B. Decius; 5th Circuit, C. L. Higbee; 6th Circuit, George W. Pleasants; 7th Circuit, Erastus S. Williams; 8lh Circuit, John M. Scott; 9th Circuit, E. S. Leland; o10th Circuit, Arthur A. Smith; 11th Circuit, J. McRoberts; 12th Circuit, James M. Pollock; 13th Circuit, T. D. Murphy; 14th Circuit, B. R. Sheldon; 15th Circuit, Joseph Sibley; 16th Circuit, S. D. Puterbaugh; 17th Circuit, A.' J. Gallagher; 18th/ Circuit, Edward Y. Rice; 19thl Circuit, John Olney; 20th Circuit, Charles H. Wood; 21st Circuit, Charles Turner; 22d Circuit, W. W. Heaton; 2?3d Circuit, S. L. Richmond; 24th Circuit, Joseph Gillespie; 25th Circuit, Richard S. Canby; 26th Circuit, A. D. Duff; 27th Circuit, James Steele; 28tk Circuit, Sylvanus Wilcox. Salary, $1,000 each. SUPERIOR COURT OF CHIICAGO. Chief Justice, John M. Wilson. Associate Justices, Joseph E. Gary, John S. Jamison; Chief Clerk, Thomas B. Carter; Deputy Clerks, U. R. Hawley, John H. Batten. Terms-First Monday in each month. TERMS OF SUPREr,ME COURT. 1st Di,ision, at Cairo, on 1st Tuesday in November; 2d Division, at Springfield, the Tuesday after 1st Monday in January; 3d Division, at Ottawa, 1st Tuesday in April. FINANCES. The Treasurer's account is presented biennially. The following is a summary of the receipts and payments for two years as found in the report to be presented to the legislature in 1869. Balance in Treasury, December, 1866, - - - $1,414,171.00 Receipts from all sources, - - - - - 6,335,596.00 $7,749,767.00 Payments, - - - - - 6,002,726.00 Balance, December, 1868, - - - - - 1,747,041.00 The condition of the several funds was as follows. The ordinary and extraordinary expenses are included under Revenue fund. Fractions of a dollar omitted. Name of Fund. Balance in Treas. Am't received from Dee. Am't paid out from Dee. Dee. 1, 1866. 1, 18G 6 to De. 1, 1 86, 186 to Dec. 1, 1860 to De. 1,1868. Revenue Fund...............$66,423........... $,276,763.............$2,126,434 State Debt Fund....................731,588..............1,669,168............. 1,489,837 Interest Fund.......................538,548..............1,128,373............. 1,129.882 School Fund........................ 41,732............. 301,18.............. 271,424 Illinois Central R. R. Fund......... 33,882.............. 860,184.............. 892,043 Unknown and Minor heirs.......... 1,149. 4,338.............. Deserter's Fund.................................. 30,400................. 30,400 Hancock Co. Interest Fund......... 515.............. 20,586.............. 20,194 Miscellaneous....................... 331......... 44,612............ 42,509 Total.........................$1,414,168.............$6,335,592........... $6,002,7,23 1869.] ILLINOIS. 317 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. STATE DEBT. On the 1st of December, 1860, the entire bonded debt of the state amounted to $10,277,161.36. This was increased by the war loan of July, 1861, to $12,327,161.36. On the 1st of December, 1866, the entire debt amounted to only $8,638,252.21, and there was in the treasury to be applied to the reduction of this debt, $765,470.65. The debt, at that time, was made up of the following items: Bank and Internal Improvement Stock................................................$31,000.00 Internal Improvement Stock........................................................... 42,000.00 New Internal Improvement Stock...................................................1,765,526.43 New Internal Improvement Interest Stock.........................................1,077,886.47 Interest Stock....................................................................... 680,469.23 Liquidation Bonds................................................................... 198,372.00 Refunded Stock.....................................................................1,261,000.00 War Bonds........................................................................... 945,200.00 Normal University Bonds........................................................... 64,000.00 Thornton Loan Bonds............................................................... 143,000.00 Canal Bonds payable in New York, registered....................................... 514,000.00 Canal Bonds payable in New York, unregistered..................................... 389,000.00 Canal Bonds payable in London, registered.......................................... 715,666.67 Canal Bonds payable in London, unregistered....................................... 768,222.22 Internal Improvement Scrip...................................................... 18,795.80 Interest certificates, canal stock..................................................... 16,869.26 Canal Scrip, signed by Governor.................................................... 2,616.97 Balance of Canal Claim............................................................I. 3,624.58 Two certificates for arrears of interest.............................................. 1,002.58 Total indebtedness...............................................................$8,638,252.21 The receipts of the seven per cent. gross earnings of the Illinois Railroad for two years, were $923,565.59, or nearly enough to defray the ordinary expenses of the state government. This revenue is however pledged to the payment of interest-paying state indebtedness until the extinction thereof. The amount of the debt outstanding, December 1, 1868, was $5,988,453. The interest will cease upon bonds amounting to $151,311, after January 1, 1869. These, with liquidation and re-funded stock bonds, amounting in the aggregate to $557,311, the state can redeem at pleasure. The remainder of the debt matures after 1870. EDUCATION. There are more than thirty institutions in this state, bearing the name of university or college, a part of which are well endowed, furnishing a full collegiate course, and conferring degrees, while a part are of no higher grade than many academies or seminaries in the eastern states. The State Industrial University, founded by an act of the legislature, approved, February 28, 1867, and located between the cities of Champaign and Urbana, Champaign county, was opened in 1868, with a faculty nearly complete, and a good number of students. Its course of instruction includes the following departments: Science, Literature and Arts; Agriculture; Mechanical Science, and Art; Military Tactics, and Engineering; Mining and Metallurgy; Civil Engineering: Analytical, and applied Chemistry; Natural History, Practical Geology, &c.; Commercial Science, and Art. Students 318 [1869. regularly admitted are allowed to take such studies as they choose, provided they are prepared to pursue the same with the regular classes. Various collections have already been secured for cabinets in Natural Science, and the apparatus for illustration in the Department of Agriculture is very complete. The University has over 1,000 acres of improved farming lands, 40 acres of which have been set apart for gardens, nurseries, and specimen orchards; the remainder is to be used for experimental and stock farms, orchards, and collections of trees and plants. The manual labor system has been successfully introduced, the students being compensated for the work performed in proportion to their ability and fidelity. The state superintendent of public instruction has the supervision of all the public schools in the state. He is authorized to make such rules and regulations as hlie may think necessary and expedient, and to explain and determine to other school officers the meaning of the school law. There is in each county, a county superintendent who is required to visit every school- in the county at least once each year, to note the methods of instruction, the branches taught, and the general condition of schools; to give such directions as may be necessary in the science, art, and methods of teaching, to encourage the formation of teachers' institutes, and to report biennially to the state superintendent. Trustees are elected annually in each township, who are authorized to form and alter school districts, apportion school money, and purchase and hold real estate for school purposes. The trustees report biennially to the county superintendent. In each district, there are three school directors, (one chosen each year to hold office three years,) who have the supervision and control of school property, and the authority to levy taxes for defraying all the expenses of supporting free schools, repairing school houses, and procuring furniture, fuel, libraries and apparatus. No teacher is authorized to teach a public school without a certificate of qualification issued by the state or county superintendent. The certificates issued by the state superintendent are of perpetual validity in every county and school district in the state. County certificates are valid in the county for one and two years. The State Normal University was first opened for the reception of students in October, 1857. It is pleasantly located in Normal, near the city of Bloomington, has ample accommodations and extensive grounds. It is now in a very prosperous condition, the number of students being greater than ever before. In addition to its regular terms, its president and other officers have for several years held a State Institute for two weeks in August, which has been attended by hundreds of teachers, many of whom could not enjoy the full course of the University. County Teachers' Institutes are held in about half of the counties of the state. The superintendent's report is made biennially. The following statistics are taken from the last report presented to the Legislature in 1867. 1869.] ILLINOIS. 319 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Public Schools. Number of districts, 9,938; number of schools, 9,945; number of districts having school six months or more, 9,063; number of districts having no school, 502; average number of months schools have been kept, 6.57; number of persons between the ages of 6 and 21,-white, 759,987; colored, 44,931; number of pupils-male, 320,977; female, 293,682; total, 614,659; number of teachers-male, 6,825; female, 10,454; total, 17,2,9; number of schools -graded, 628; private, 640; number of scholars in private schools, 20,907; number of school houses, 9,753; erected during the year, 612. Highest monthly wages paid to teachers-male, $240; female, $110; lowest monthly wages paid to teachers-male, $13; female, $6; average monthly wages paid to teachers-male, $39.10; female, $26.19; amount of outstanding district debts, $832,772; surplus in treasury belonging to districts, $464,872; principal of fiunds-county, $176,496; township, $3,987,405. Receipts. Interest on school fund, $54,565; State two-mill tax fund, $750,000; interest fundcounty, $17,059; township, $361,397; proceeds of school lands sold, $66,802; district taxes, $2,789,335; fines and forfeitures, $33,127; miscellaneous, $372,845; total, 4,445,130. Expenditures. Teachers' wages, $2,531,036; school house sites and grounds, $65,987; building new school houses, $830,889; purchase of school houses, $13,779; rent of sdhool houses, $18,752; repairs and improvements, $216,366; school furniture, $62,982; school apparatus, $10,969; books for school libraries, $4,199; fuel and other incidental expenses, $312,82; compensation to township, $85,332; miscellaneous, $206,119. State Normal University, Normal. RICHARD EDWARDS, LL. D., President. Number of students, 1S67-senior class-ladies, 7; gentlemen, 6; total, 13; middle class-ladies, 32; gentlemen, 26; total, 58; junior class-ladies, 167; gentlemen, 89; total, 256; aggregate, 327 CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The State Charitable Institutions are mostly located in Jacksonville. They have been liberally supported by an enlightened public spirit, and have accomplished much in relieving the wants and necessities of the unfortunate. Each institution is under the charge of a separate Board of Trustees or Directors, which has the appointment of the local officers of the institution, and which reports biennially to the General Assembly. The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb receives pupils between 10 and 21 years of age; those from Illinois are admitted free of charge; those from other states on the payment of $100 per annum. The State Hospital for the Insane was opened in 1857. In 1865 and 1866, it was enlarged by an addition which comprised a lateral and a transverse wing, each 100 feet long, by 43, erected at a cost of $75,000. The institution can now accommodate 500 patients, and is reported in a highly prosperous condition. It has a large and productive farm. The Institution for the Blind was originally organized by the citizens of Jacksonville, and supported for a year by their liberal donations. The Legislature in 1849, passed an act authorizing a special tax of two-tenths of a mill on the hundred dollars for the purchase of ground, erection of buildings, and support of the school. The amount of this tax was niore than was necessary, and this law was repealed, and an annual appropriation of $12,000 substituted. The buildings for the use of the Institution are convenient, and amply furnished with every article conducive to the welfare of the inmates. Applicants from Illinois are admitted free. Pupils are employed in the workshop one hour a day, the remaining portion of the time is devoted to literature and music, in which all are permitted to join. The male pupils are taught to make brushes and brooms, and to weave carpets. The female pupils sew, knit stockings, and do other work. [1869. 320 The Institution for Idiots and Imbeciles, was established by an act of the General Assembly passed in 1865. The trustees hired the residence of the late Gov. Duncan, which was found commodious, and three pupils were admitted on the 25th of May, 1865. The number was increased during the summer to nine, and in the autumn others were received. There were nearly 100 applications during the first six months. The Soldiers' Orphans' Home was created by the General Assembly in 1865 and nine trustees appointed to complete the organization. The Illinois State Penitentiary was located by authority of an act of the Legislature, February 19, 1857, at Joliet, and on the 22d of May, 1858, fiftythree prisoners were received from the old Penitentiary at Alton. July 24, 1860, the last were removed, but the building was not completed until 1868. The whole area of land pertaining to the Penitentiary is 72.19 acres; whole area within main wall, sixteen acres; the main wall is twenty-five feet high and six feet thick; there are one hundred cells for separate system, seven by fifteen feet, and fifteen feet high, nine hundred cells for congregate system, and one hundred cells for females four by seven feet, and seven feet high. Each cell has a distinct ventilating tube extending to roof, with two registers in each. All partitions, floors, and ceiling of cells are formed each of one stone, eight inches thick. The buildings and walls stand on rock foundation. All the buildings and grounds are supplied with pure water from a spring at the bluff; the buildings are warmed by steam; the kitchen and wash rooms are furnished with steam and other cooking and washing fixtures of the most modern and approved kinds. The engines of one hundred and fifty horse power each, furnish the motive power for the machinery, running nearly 1,500 feet of heavy line shafting. Altogether it is one of the most complete prisons in the United States, as well as the most extensive and best arranged manufacturing establishment in the West. Until July, 1867, the labor of convicts had been farmed out to contract~rs, who were bound to meet all the expenses of the prison. At that date the state assumed entire control. A Board of Commissioners was appointed by the Governor, and this Board selected a Warden, who has the general man-. agement of the prison, under the direction of the Commissioners. All minors under the age of eighteen, except for the crime of robbery, burglary, or arson, convicted of any criminal offence, are exempted from punishment in the Penitentiary. They may be fined and sent to county jail, or either, for misdemeanors, but for higher crimes are always sent to the county jail. The number of these young offenders is steadily increasing in the State. The Governor in his last biennial message, recommended the establishment of a State Reform School for this class, where they would not be exposed to association with older and more hardened criminals. Illinois Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, Jacksonville. PHILIP G. GILLETT, A. M., Siperintendent.L Number of pupils September 1, 1864, 224; number admitted in two years ending November 30, 1866, 56; whole number, 301; number in actual attendance, 290; number honorably discharged in the two years, 87; graduated, 16; died, 3; average attendance, 187; number in attendance September 1, 1868, 250. 21 is60.] ILLINOIS. 321 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Illinois State Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville. ANDREW MCFARLAND, M.D., Supe~-ntendent. Number of patients in hospital, December 1, 1864, 301. Number admitted during the two years ending December 1, 1866, males, 232; females, 214; total, 446. Discharged within two years,-recovered, 146; unrecovered, 167; improved, 53; eloped, 15; died, 48; total, 429. Remaining December 1, 1866, 318. Supposed cause of insanity in cases admitted -domestic trouble, 33; religious excitement, 32; business anxieties, 16; death of friends, 13; puerperal, 22; disappointed love, 15; over exertion, 13; vicious indulgences, 25; epilepsy, 12; hereditary, 19; miscellaneous and unknown, 248; total, 446. Occupations-domestic duties, 191; farmers, 135; laborers, 40; students, 32; carpenters, 8; teachers, 7; miscellaneous, 33; total, 446. Civil condition-single, 198; married, 211; widowed, 37; total, 446. NativityAmerican, 312; foreign, 134; total, 446. Illinois Institution for Education of the Blind, Jacksonville. JOSHUA RHODES, M.D., Stuperintendent. Number of pupils December 1, 1866-males, 40; females, 40; total, 80. Illinois Institution for Idiots and Imbeciles, Jacksonville. C. T. WILBUR, M. D., Superintendent. Number of pupils admitted since organization of institution, 34. Discharged, 8. Remaining December 1, 1866, 26. Illinois State Penitentiary, Joliet. B. DORNBLASER, Warden. Whole number of convicts December 1, 1864, 586; number received during the year, 1,226; number discharged-by expiration of sentence, 516: by pardons, 168; by order Supreme Court, 1; delivered to Sheriff on indictment for murder, 1; died, 29; escaped, 24; total, 739. Number of convicts December 1,1866, 1,073; of these 762 were born in the United States, and 311 in foreign countries. There were committed-for larceny, 703; robbery, 76; burglary, 69; assault to kill, 37; murder, 31; manslaughter, 29: rape, 28; passing counterfeit money, 19; burglary and larceny, 13; forgery, 12; receiving stolen property, 7; arson, 9; miscellaneous, 40; total, 1,073. Whole number December 1, 1867, 1,043. POPULATION. In this state, a census is taken every ten years by commissioners appointed by the County Courts. The last census was taken June 30, 1865, when the population amounted to 2,141,510, a gain of 429,056 since 1860. The population at different periods since its organization as a territory, was as follows: White. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. In. per cent. 1810............. 11,501............. 613............. 168............. 12,282............. 1820............. 53,788............. 457.............917............. 55,162.............349.53 1830.............155,061........... 1,637.............747............. 157,445.............185.17 1840.............472,254.............3,598.............331.............476,183............. 202.44 1850.............846,034........... 5,436........................ 851,470............. 78.81 1860...........1,704,323.............7,628.......................1,711,951..............101.06 1865...........2,124,170............17,340........................2,141,510............. 25.09 The population of 1865 was classified as follows-white males, 1,093,111; white females, 1,033,059; colored males, 9,112; colored females, 8,228. The increase of population has been more than 100 per cent. for every decade, except from 1840 to 1850. This state extends through more than five degrees of latitude, presenting a variety in climate and adaptation to different products. Its soil and situation are peculiarly favorable to agriculture which has been the principal branch of industry pursued. In 1860, it surpassed all other states in wheat and corn products, yielding nearly one-seventh of the entire crop. It is also rich in minerals, the coal fields being estimated at 44,000 square miles, and the lead mines are among the most valuable in the world. The Illinois coal field stretches from the Mississippi near Rock Island, eastward toward Fox river, thence southeast through Indiana, and southward into Kentucky, occupying the greater part of Illinois, the southwestern portion of Indiana, and the northwestern part of Kentucky, measuring 375 miles in length from northwest to southeast, and 200 in width from St. Louis eastward, estimated to contain 1,277,500,000,000 tons of coal, sufficient 322 [1869. to furnish an annual supply of 13,000,000 tons for nearly a hundred thou sand years. The present annual product of the state is 1,500,000 tons, the amount increasing every year. The great lead district of the Mississippi river occupies. a portion of northwestern Illinois, southwestern Wisconsin, and northeastern Iowa, cov ering an area of 1,000,000 acres, one-sixth of which lies in Illinois. Iron ore has been mined in Hardin County, on the Ohio. Copper has been found in several counties; also marble, crystallized gypsum, quartz crystal, and silex for glass manufacture; salt also exists in the southern counties, while small quantities of gold and silver have been obtained in the lead district. The value of real estate and personal property for 1850 is reported in the United States census at $156,265,006, and for 1860 at $871,860,282, being an increase in the ten years of $715,595,276 or 450 per cent. In 1866, the governor estimated the whole wealth of the state at not less than $1,200,000,000. The railroad system is on an extensive scale. At the close of 1867, 3,160 miles were completed and in operation, and 812 miles more were in course of construction, making in the aggregate 3,979 miles, or one mile of railroad to 14 square miles of territory. In addition to the facilities thus afforded to commerce, a canal has been constructed from Lake Michigan at Chicago, to La Salle on the Illinois river, 100 miles in length, affording communication by water between the lakes and the Mississippi. According to the State census, the value of manufactured products for 1865 was $63,356,013. The leading city in the state is Chicago, which had in 1837, a population of 4,170; in 1850, 29,963; in 1860, 110,973; in 1865, 178,539, and in 1867, over 200,000. Twenty-four lines of railroad connecting various points in the state, center here, and 200 trains of cars daily arrive and depart. It is now the most extensive grain and lumber market in the world. The number of buildings erected in the city in 1867 was 7,500 at a cost of $7,500,000. The receipts and ship. ments of Chicago for the same thue, were as follows: Articles. Received. Shipped. Articles. Received. Shipped. Flour, bls........ 1,814,286........ 1,859,995 Cut Meats, lbs.....11,607,264...... 80,780,852 Wheat, bu.........13,090,868........10,360,458 Pork, bls........... 1,331........ 168,783 Corn, bu...........23,018,827........20,213,790 Lard, lbs.......... 9,837,362....... 34,514,305 Oats,bu...........10,988,617........ 9,632,146 Hides, lbs.........22,983,017....... 20,721,953 Rye, bu........... 1,306,204........ 1,095,5'23 Lumber, ft........861,912,900.......532,113,000 Barley, bu......... 2,246,446....... 1,680,950 Shingles, No......432,261,000...... 401,815,000 Seeds. lbs........ 25,416,123....... 11,263,227 Lath, No......... 143,847,000....... 102,609,000 Products in 1866. Indian corn, 155,844,350 bush.; value, $67,013,070. Wheat, 28,551,421 bush.; value, $55,104,243. Oats, 30,054,370 bush.; value, $9,917,942. Barley, 1,037,753 bush.; value, $705,672. Potatoes, 5,102,035 bush.; value, $3,265,302. Tobacco, 17,546,981 pounds; value, $1,631,470. Hay, 2,340,063 tons; value, $21,692,384. Assessment. The assessment of 1866 gave as the value of miscellaneous property-goods and merchandise, $21,2.37,683; bankers property, $330,337; manufactured articles, $2,211,981; moneys and credits, $21,912,979; bonds, stocks, etc., $3,369,756; miscellaneous property, $488,727; unenumerated property, $18,827,432. The number of horses was 828,628, valued at $32,090,687; cattle, 1,464,866, valued at $16,961,592: sheep, 2,550,850, valued at $3,457,686; hogs, 2,581,481, valued at $5,178,830. Banks. There are eighty-three National Banks, with an aggregate capital of $12,070,000. 323 189.] ILLINOIS. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 9. INDIANA. Capital, Indianapolis. Area, 33,809 square miles. Population, (1860),1,350,428. This State-was settled at Vincennes, by French emigrants from Canada, about 1730. It was organized into a territory, May 7, 1800, from which Michigan was set off in 1805, and Illinois in 1809. Its constitution was adopted, June 29, 1816, and the State was admitted into the Union, December 11, of the same year. GOVERNIENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. GOver............................CONRAD BAKER..............Evansville.............$3,000 Lieutenant GOner...............WILL CUMBACK..............Indianapolis........... * Secretary of State...................M. F. A. HorFFMAN..........Indianapolis........... 2,000 Auditor of State....................JOHN D. EvANS..............Indianapolis........... 2,500 Treasurer of State..................NATHAN KIMBALL............Indianapolis........... 3,000 Attorney General...................D. E. WILLIAMSON............ Indianapolis........... 1,000 Superintendentof PublicInstruction.BARNABAS C. COBB........ Indianapolis........1,300 The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, Attorney General and Superintendent of Public Instruction, are chosen by the people at the general election, held on the second Tuesday in October. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor hold office four years, and the others two years. The Senators, 50 in number, and Representatives, 98 in number, are chosen at the general election in October. The regular sessions of the Legislature occur biennially in January 1869-1871-&c. The right of suffrage is extended to every white male citizen, 21 years of age, who has resided in the State six months, and to every white male of foreign birth who has resided in the United States one year, and in the State six months, and has declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States. JUDICIARY. The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and a Court of Common Pleas. The Supreme Court consists of four Judges, chosen by theeope at ageneral election, for a term of seven years. Its jurisdiction is distinctively appellate, but its judges may award and determine writs of habeas corpus. The judges of the Circuit Court are elected for six years, and the judges of the Court of Common Pleas for four years. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, David Davis. District Judge, David McDonald. District Attorney, A. Kilgore. Marshal, Benjamin J. Spooner. Clerk of Circuit and District Court, J. D. Howland. SUPREME COURT. Judges, John T. Elliott, New Castle; James S. Frazer, Warsaw; Robert C. Gregory, Lafayette; Charles A. Ray, Indianapolis. Clerk, Laz. Noble, Indianapolis. Reporter, Benjamin Harrison, Indianapolis. * $3.00 per day during session of Legislature. 324 ~m869. CIRCUIT COURTS. - Judge-lst Circuit, John G. Berkshire;. 2d Circuit, George A. Bicknell; 3d Circuit, John Baker; 4th Circuit, J. M. Wilson; 5th Circuit, John Coburn; 6th Circuit, Delana R. Eckles:. 7th Circuit, Joseph S. Buckles; 8th Circuit, John M. Cowan; 9th Circuit, Andrew L. Osborn; 10th Circuit, Robert Lowry; 11th Circuit, H. P. Biddle; 12th Circuit, Charles H. Test; 13tA Circuit, Silas Colgrove; 14th Circuit, William F. Parrett. TERMS OF COURTS. The Supreme Court holds sessions in Indianapolis, semi-annually, on the 4th Monday of May and November, each year. Two terms of the Circuit Court, and three of the Court of Common Pleas are held annually in each county. FINANCES. Balance on hand November 1, 1866, - - - Receipts during the year ending October 31, 1867, Total, - —. Warrants drawn during the year, - Balance in the Treasury October 31, 1867, - There was due to the following Funds: Saline Fund, $35,492.19; Bank Tax Fund, $24,715.37; Surplus Revenue Fund, $854.93; Three per cent. Fund, $32.12; Funds from Estates without heirs, $16,744.88; Common School Fund, $47,665.50; State Debt Sinking Fund, $44,392.89; Swamp Land Fund, $59,804.17. Total, $229,702.05. Showing a deficit of $84,349.26. STATE DEBT. The following statement exhibits the condition of the debt of the State, October 31, 1867: Five per cent. Certificates of Stock, $3,754,236.33 Six per cent. War Loan Bonds, -.. --— 237,000.00 $3,991,236.33 Of the Vincennes University Bonds, which do not properly come under the head of the public debt, there were - $65,585.00 Of the School Fund Bonds.. -- --- 3,367,082.15 In accordance with an act approved December 21, 1865, notice was given that the State Debt Sinking Fund Commissioners would redeem on July 1, 1867, at the office of the Agent of the State, in the city of New York, so much of the outstanding two and one-half per cent. Certificates of Stock, as the fund at the disposal of the Board would permit. At a meeting of Commissioners, it was found that certificates of stock amounting to $877,377.60 had been presented, and that there were certificates outstanding and subject to redemption, which would make the aggregate amount $1,183,187.55, while there was of the fund in the hands of the Agent of the State, but $917,381.57. The balance, $265,805.98, was drawn from the general fund of the Treasury. The Commissioners also redeemed, in 1867, of the war loan $39,000; and of five per cent. certificates $40,450, making an aggregate of $1,295,637.55, or nearly one fourth of the entire indebtedness of the State redeemed during the year. EDUCATION. Seven different religious denominations have colleges or universities under their care and patronage, a portion of which are endowed and supplied with convenient buildings, and suitable apparatus and libraries. The State University at Bloomington has an endowment of $90,000, and 1869.] INDIANA. 325 - $381,521.89 - - 4,210,336.44 - $4,591,858.33 - 4,446,505.54 - $145,352.79 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. buildings and other property valued at $50,000. A law department is connected with this institution. The public schools are under the supervision of a Superintendent of Public Instruction, elected by the people, who reports biennially to the legislature. In each county an Examiner is appointed to examine teachers and visit schools, under the direction of County Commissioners who determine the amount of time to be occupied by the examiner in his official duties. The commissioners also report annually to the State Superintendent. The law provides for the appointment in each city and township of three school Trustees who have the local supervision of schools, and of a Board of Directors who have the care and management of school property. Much has been done for the improvement of schools within a few years. The standard of qualifications of teachers has been elevated, school funimds have been increased, and the income wisely distributed, and the supervision of schools has been more thorough and effective. A State Normal School was established by an act of the Legislature, approved December 26, 1865, and located in the city of Terre Haute, which contributed $50,000 in money, and a lot of land worth $25,000 for its use. The building, the corner stone of which was laid in August, 1867, will, when completed, be one of the finest Normal School buildings in the country. The plan of the institution provides for a Normal School proper, a Model High School, and a Model Primary Training School, all in the same building. City training schools have been established at Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, Evansville, and other places. A Teachers' Institute is required to be held in each county, by the county examiners, as often as once a year. The Institutes are well attended and are producing good results. The School Fund of the State, amounting in 1866,to $7,613,490.35, is one of the largest in the UTnion, and it is believed it will soon be increased to $10,000,000, affording important aid to the Public Schools of the State. Public Schools. Number of townships, 982; incorporated towns, 95; cities, 32; number of school districts in the State. 8,399; number of districts in which schools were taught within the year, 8.166; whole number of children between 6 and 21 years of age, 559,778. Pupils attending-Primary Schools, 390,714; High Schools, 12,098. Average daily attendance-in Primary Schools, 247,181; in High Schools, 7,358. Average length of schools-in days, 68; in months of 20 days each. 3.4. Number of teachers employed-males, 5,330; females, 4,163. Number of teachers licensed-males, 4,079; females, 3,373. Average compensation of teachers in Primary Schools, per month of 20 days-males, $36.60; females, $26.20; in High Schoolsmales, $62.00; females. $33.32. Average cost of tuition, per month, in both grades of schools, $1.16 Expended for tuition, $1,020,440. Number of school-houses built within the year, 346. Total value of school property, $4,515,734. Number of school-houses-stone, 78; brick, 566; frame. 6.145; log, 1,096; material not given, 346; total number reported, 8,231. Amount of Special School Revenue expended within the year, $666,672. Volumes in Township Library, 265,388:; volumes taken out for use during the year, 84,957. Amount charged by Trustees for managing educational matters, $32,289.86. Number of private schools taught within the year, 2,026. Number of pupils attending private schools within the year, 49,322. School Revenues. Taxes, $910,585.37; interest on Common Fund, $111,425.32; liquor license, $84,225; unclaimed fees, $584.59; State's indebtedness, $50,000; interest on Congressional Funds, $150,043.57; amount of delinquencies, $24,000; total, $1,330,863.79. 326 [1869. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. Provision has been made for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, and for the treatment of the Blind and Insane, in institutions established at the capital, placed under efficient superintendents, and conducted on liberal but economical principles. The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb was established in 1844, its buildings and grounds costing $132,000. For the purposes of instruction, the pupils are divided into 8 classes, each consisting of from 18 to 24 pupils, classified according to attainment. Scientific instruction, illustrated with suitable apparatus, has been introduced into the highest class. The boys are taught trades, principally shoe making and cabinet making, and the girls are taught the use of the needle. The Institution for the Blind was opened in 1847, in buildings which cost about $100,000. In 1867 important repairs and improvements were made to the buildings, to the Astronomical and Philosophical apparatus, and to the Cabinet. Object teaching has been introduced and successfully prosecuted with the usual studies. In the Industrial Department, the boys are occupied in making brooms and brushes, and the girls in a variety of employments, the principal being the making of bead work. In both these institutions the board and tuition of pupils residing in the State are free; the annual charge to those from other States is $150. The Asylum for the Insane was opened in 1848, with a part of its buildings only completed. In 1865 an act was passed authorizing the enlargement of the Asylum, and the construction of the buildings was commenced, but further appropriations were needed for their completion. A temporary Soldiers' and Seamen's Home was opened in the city hospital building at Indianapolis, August 27, 1865. In 1866, the Board of Directors purchased the property known as the "Knightstown Springs," in Rush county, at a cost of $8,500, to which place the Home was removed on the 26th day of April. The farm consists of fifty-four acres of excellent land, thirty-five of which are under cultivation-the balance a grove of forest timber. The buildings are commodious, affording ample room for about 100 patients. There are two State Prisons, one styled the State Prison North, at Michigan City, and the other the State Prison South, at Jeffersonville. In the latter, the labor of the convicts is let out to contractors, who employ them in the manufacture of agricultural implements, stoves, buggies, harnesses, and shoes. All the convicts are employed. The price received for the labor is from 40 to 50 cents per day for each. Under this arrangement, the institution brings no profit to the State, but is about self-sustaining. The expenses for maintaining and guarding convicts, with other necessary expenses, are about fifty thousand dollars per annum. The Governor in his message in 1867, says: "The reports from the Boards of Trustees, and the Wardens of the Northern and Southern Prisons, and other information I have received, show that the Prisons have been well and economically conducted." 1869.] INDIANA. 327 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The House of Refuge for Juvenile Offenders, was established by an act of the General Assembly, approved March 8, 1867, and placed under the charge of a Board of Control, consisting of three Commissioners appointed by the Governor. The institution was located near Plainfield, in Hendricks County, and is to be conducted on the family system, the plan contemplating one main building and ten family buildings, with necessary shops and other buildings to accommodate 500 boys. A portion of the buildings was completed, and a few boys were received in 1868. Boys under 18 years of age may be committed for incorrigible or vicious conduct, vagrancy, want of a suitable home, or for the commission of any crime or misdemeanor. The expense of each State pupil is borne, one-half by the State and one-half by the county. Private pupils may be received on certain conditions, by the payment of expenses by parent or guardian. Indiana Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Indianapolis. THOMAS MCINTIRE, Superintendent. Number of pupils at commencement of year, 162; number received during the year, 30; number discharged, 22; died, 1. Whole number instructed during the year, 192; number remaining in the institution, October 31, 1867, 169. Expenditures for the year were-on account of current expenses, $34,212.41; furnishing goods, and repairs, $2,803.23; clothing for indigent pupils, $1,886.16. Paid over to the State, on account of shops, $3,477.12. Receipts from the State Treasury, $39,102.04. Indiana Institute for the Education of the Blind, Indianapolis. W. H. CHURCHxAN, Superintendent. Whole number of pupils during the year-males, 55; females, 68; total, 123. Number in attendance Nov. 1, 1867,-males, 42; females, 54; total, 96. Number of teachers-in literary department, 5; in music department, 3; instructors in handicraft, 2. Indiana Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis. WILSON LOCKHART, Superintendent. Number of inmates September 1, 1868, 313. Income, $60,000 per annum from Legislature, and use of 160 acres of land. Soldiers' and Seamens' Home, Rush County. Number received to Nov. 30, 1866, 224. Discharged, 134; died, 14; remaining, 76. Expense, $17,060.84. Indiana State Prison-South, Jeffersonville. J. B. ME]RRIWETHER, Ward,. Number of convicts, September, 1868-males, 368; females, 14; total, 382. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The following is the population as given by each census from 1800 to 1860, with ratio of increase for each decade: Population. Inc. per cent. Population. Inc. per ent 1800................4,875................ 1840..............685,866................ 99.94 1810...............45.365................402.97 1S50..............988,416................ 44.11 1820..............147,178................500.24 1860.............1,350,428................ 33.63 1830..............343,031................ 1338.07 By the enumeration of 1866, the State had a population of 340,240 white males over the age of twenty-one, which number multiplied by the ratio usually adopted, would give a population of over 1,700,000. There were in 1860, 1,339,000 whites, and 11,428 blacks. 693,348 were males, 645,362 were females. Of this population, 1,232,244 were native born, and 118,184 foreign born. The following table shows the nativity and number of the principal portions of the foreign-born population: Germany....... 66,705............England.........9,304............Switzerland........,813 Ireland......... 24,495............France..........6,176............Scotland............2,093 A very large proportion of the surface of Indiana, or nearly 20,000,000 acres is capable of cultivation, most of it very fertile. In 1860 there were [1869. 158,714 farmers in the State, and but 40,827 farm laborers, a large proportion of the tillers of the soil owning the land they cultivate. Corn and wheat are the staple products, the former yielding on the bottom lands, with good culture, from 100 to 125 bushels per acre. This State by the last census was the first in the Union in the number of swine raised, the third in the number of sheep, and the fourth in the number of horses. The whole value of live stock then returned was $50,116,964. The southern part of the State is adapted to the growth of the vine. The first successful wine manufactured in the United States was at Vevay, on the Ohio. In 1860, the leading articles of manufacture were flour, meal, and lumber; $300,000 were invested in forges and furnaces for working iron; about $105,000 worth of bar and other rolled iron; upwards of $400,000 worth of steamengines and machinery, and about $200,000 worth of iron castings were made. The whole number of manufacturing establishments in the State in 1860, was 5,120, employing 21,300 hands, and consuming raw material, inclusive of fuel, valued at $27,360,000, with a capital invested of $18,875,000, and producing an annual product of $43,250,000. The great coal field of Illinois extends into Indiana, covering in the western part an estimated area equal to 7,700 square miles, or more than one-fifth part of the whole surface. On White river the seams are upwards of six feet thick. In other localities seams of eight feet in thickness are found. Some of the coal measures, it is estimated, are capable of yielding 50,000,000 bushels to the square mile. At Cannelton, on the Ohio, a bed of cannel coal is found from three to five feet in thickness, at an elevation of seventy feet above the river. Gold, copper, lead, and coal-oil have been found, but not enough is yet known of them to judge of their paying qualities. The finest varieties of timber, such as oak, walnut, poplar, and cherry, abound in all parts of the state, and the annual shipments are very large. In Lawrence county, building stone, known as the "White River or Bedford stone," is found in large quantities, and shipped to St. Louis, Cincinnati, Louisville, &c. There are over 2,500 miles of railroads, costing more than $90,000,000, and affording excellent facilities for a profitable traffic which is annually increasing. Value of Property and Products. In 1867, the value of lands and improvements was $256,689,312; value of town lots and improvements, $47,496,510; value of personal property, $155,095,015; total valuation, $459,348,322; valuation of property from which no reports had been received for 1867, as taken in 1866, $118,520,757, making the total valuation of real and personal property in the State in 1867, $577,869,079. The chief products in 1866, werecorn, 127,676,247 bushels, value $56,177,548; wheat, 9,114,562 bushels, value $21,966,094; rye, 345,144 bushels, value $355,498; oats, 10,158,562 bushels, value $3,555,497; barley, 339,474 bushels, value $363,237; buckwheat, 443,094 bushels, value $451,956; potatoes, 3,774,226 bushels, value $2,151,309; tobacco, 8,205,973 pounds, value $689,302; hay, 1,088,932 tons, value $10,279,518. Banks. There were, Sept. 30, 1868, 68 National Banks in operation, with a capital of $12,867,000. Three National Banks have been closed. mg69.] INDIANA. 329 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 10. IOWA. Capital, Des Moines. Area, 50,914 square miles. Population, (1867), 902,040. Iowa originally formed a part of the territory purchased from France in 1803; and was successively connected with Missouri and Wisconsin territories. A settlement was made at Dubuque in 1778, by a colony from Prairie Du Chien, which remained over twenty years. Permanent settlements were commenced about 1830, at Burlington and Dubuque, by emigrants from Michigan and Illinois. It was organized as a territory by act of Congress in June, 1838, and admitted into the Union as a state, December 25, 1846. GOVERNMENT OFFICE. NAME RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor........................... SAMUEL MERRILL.........Des Moines.. $2,500 and $800 [for house rent. Lieutenant Governor.............. JOHN SCOTT..................Nevada......6.00 per day. Secretary of State..................ED.WRIGIIT..................Des Moines....1,300 and fees. Auditor of State....................JOHN A. ELLIOTT............Des Moines....1,300 and fees. Treasurer of State..................SAMUEL E. RANKIN..........Des Moines.... 2,000 Register State Land Office..........CYRUs C. CARPENTER........Des Moines.... 1,800 Suplejintendent Public Instruction... D. FRANKLIN WELLS.........Des Moines.... 2,000 Attorney General................... HENRY O'CONNOR............Muscatine......1,500 and fees. STATE MILITIA. Comnmander-in- Chief...............SAMUEL MERRtILL. Adjutant and Inspector General... NATHANIEL B. BAKER. Aides-de-Camp.....................Lieut. Cols. WM. F. SAPP, S. L. GLASGOW, AND GEO. COWIE. Special Aides-de-Camp.............Lieut. Colonels FRANK SUTTON, AND G. J. NORTH. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Superintendent of Public Instruction are chosen each odd year by the pe to se rve two ears and until their successors are qualieed.;. The Register of the State Land Office,'Secretary of State, Auditor, and Treasurer are elected each even year, for the same period. They enter upon their duties in January after their election...The sessions of the Legislature are biennial. The Senators, 49 in number, are chosen for four years, one-half being elected every two years. The Representatives, 100 in number, are elected for two years. The number of senators cannot be less than one-third nor more than one-half the number of representatives. Every white* male citizen who has been a resident of the state six months, and of the county 60 days is entitled to vote. Persons in the military, naval, or marine service of the United States, idiots, the insane, and those who have been convicted of infamous crimes are excluded. JUDICIARY. The Judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, and such other courts as the General Assembly may establish. The Supreme Court, with appellate jurisdiction only in chancery, consists of four Judges, elected by the people for six years, the one having the shortest time to serve is Chief Justice. None of these Judges are eligible to any other state office until the time for which they were elected has expired. This court sits for the correction of errors in all cases at law, and in equity, in all cases tried by * An amendment to the constitution striking out the word white was ratified in 1868. 330 [1869. the second method, embracing by statute, default cases, divorces, foreclosure of mortgages and tax titles, and other cases in equity by agreement of parties. It also exercises supervisory control over inferior judicial tribunals. The District Courts, 12 in number, exercise general original jurisdiction, civil and criminal, in chancery and at common law, where not otherwise provided by statute, and have supervision over inferior courts to prevent otherwise irremediable abuses. The General Assembly at its last session, (1868), established twenty-four circuits, in each of which a Circuit Judge was elected in November, for four years. These Judges enter upon their duties January 4, 1869. The District Judge, with the two Circuit Judges in the District, are to hold general term courts from two to four times a year. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Samuel H. Miller. Diestict Judgye, James M. Love. District Attorney, M. D. Browning. MIarishal, George W. Clarke. Clerk of Circuit Court, W. G. Woodward. Clerk of District Court, J. C. Burns. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, John F. Dillon, Davenport, Scott Co. Associate Justices, Chester C. Cole, Des Moines; George G. Wright, Des Moines; Joseph M. Beck, Fort Madison, Lee Co. Clerk, Charles Linderman, Page Co. Reporter, Edward H. Stiles, Wapello Co. Attorney General, Henry O'Connor, Muscatine Co. Salary of Judges, $2,300 each. DISTRICT COURTS. 1st District, Judge, Francis Springer, Louisa Co.; Attorney, Joshua Tracy, Des Moines Co. 2dl District, Judge, Harvey Tannehill, Appanoose Co.; Attorney, James B. Weaver, Davis Co. 3d District, Judge, James G. Day, Fremont Co.; Attorney, Charles E. Millard, Mills Co. 4th District, Judge, Henry Ford, Harrison Co.; Attorney, Orson Rice, Dickinson Co. 5th District, Jutdge, Hugh W. Maxwell, Warren Co.; Attorney, Samuel D. Nichols, Guthrie Co. 6th District, Judge, Ezekiel S. Sampson, Keokuk Co.; Attorney, Moses M. McCoid, Jefferson Co. 7th District, Judge, J. Scott Richman, Muscatine Co.; Attorney, Lyman A. Ellis, Clinton Co. 8tt District, J-dge, James H. Rothrock, Cedar Co.; Attorney, C. R. Scott, Jones Co. 9th District, Judge, James Burt, Dubuque Co.; Attorney, Matthew M. Trumbull, Black Hawk Co. lOth District, Judge, Mile McGlathery, Fayette Co.; Attorney, L. O. Hatch, Allamakee Co. 11th District, Judge, Daniel D. Chase, Hamilton Co.; Atto7rney, John H. Bradley, Marshall Co. 12th District, Judge, William B. Fairfield, Floyd Co.; Attorney, John E. Burke, Bremen Co. Salaries of District Judges, $1,500 each; of District Attorneys, $800 each and fees. TERMS OF SUPREME COURT. Besides the regular General Terms of the Supreme Court, at Des Moines, beginning respectively on the first Mondays of June and December, for the convenience of the eastern counties, two Argument Terms are held at Davenport on the first Mondays respectively, of April and October. FINANCES. The reports of the Treasurer and Auditor are made biennially. The following account of the finances of the state is for the two years included in the last reports to the Governor and General Assembly, January, 1868. Balance in Treasury, November 5, 1865, exclusive of United States Treas ury Notes belonging to Permanent School Fund, - - $358,243.50 Receipts from Nov. 5, 1865, to Nov. 2, 1867, - - 1,355,565.50 Total Receipts and Balance, -. $1,713,809.00 Expenditures, - - 1,616,068.55 Balance in Treasury, November 2,1867, 331 1869.] IOWA. $97,740.45 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. CONDITION OF THE PRINCIPAL FUNDS. Balanc Nov. 5,1865. Receipts. Disbursem.,ents. Balance Nov. 2,1867. General Revenue..........$336,093.47....... $1,067,819.18........$1,321,798.17........$82,114.48 War and Defense Fund................ 7,890.52.......... 7,890.52.......... Permanent School Fund............. 11,132.18.......... 3,005.24........ 8,126.94 Temporary School Fund............. 30,849.08.......... 29,179.71.......... 1,669.37 Swamp Land Fund......... 21,293.55......... 88,053.25.......... 104,991.20.......... 4,355.60 Dictionary Fund........... 32.00.......... 293.98.......... 305.98........ 20.00 Coupon Fund............. 824.48........ 70,259.21........ 69,629.63.......... 1,454.06 Railroad Tax Fund................... 79,268.10.......... 9,268.10.......... $358,243.50 $1,355,565.50 $1,616,068.55 $97,740.45 The estimated expenditures exclusive of extraordinary appropriations for the two years ending November, 1869, were $941,639.31. RESOURCES OF THE STATE. Balance of Revenue in State Treasury...............................................48 Balance of State Revenue due from counties................................357........ %,876.67 Balance of Insane Hospital dues due from counties................................... 78,290.38 Balance of Federal Tax due from counties................................... 2,112.20 Balance of Blind Asylum clothing account due from counties......................... 269.52 Amount due from Banks.............................................................. 13,798.09 Tax of 1867, based on valuation.......................................................641,292.88 Tax of 1868, estimated at 2+ mills........................................ 650,000.00 Railroad Tax estimated for 1868 and 1869................................... 50,000.00 Estimated balance due from United States Government.............................. 300,000.00 Total Resources...........................................................$2,175,754.22 Aggregate assessed value of property, 1867......................................... 256,517,184.00 STATE INDEBTEDNESS. Bonds issued to the Permanent School Fund of the state, dated Nov. 12, 1864, interest payable on the 1st days of January and July in each year, at 8 per cent., - - - - - - $122,295.75 Iowa 7 per cent. Bonds payable in New York, January 1, 1868, issued under Chap. 7, Acts 1858, - - - 200,000.00 War and Defense Fund 7 per cent. Bonds issued under Chap. 16, Acts of extra Session, 1861, - - - - 300,000.00 The bonds due January 1, 1868, have been provided for and paid as far as presented. At the close of the fiscal year, 1867, there was not a single outstanding warrant drawing interest, and an extra tax of 1 1-4 mills on the dollar on the valuation of the state would pay the entire state indebtedness. EDUCATION. The State University at Iowa City is permanently established by the Constitution, and placed under the control of the General Assembly. It has an endowment in land, mortgage notes and other property of $195,582.36 from which an income of $18,317 was derived in 1867. Nearly all the lands belonging to the University have been sold and its productive capital will not be largely increased except by additional appropriations. It has a Normal Department which has been of important service in preparing teachers for the public schools. 332 [189. $622,295.75 Total, There are eight other Colleges and Universities, and more than fifty acad emies and seminaries in successful operation, nearly all of which have been founded within the last fifteen years. Many of these are rapidly increasing in strength and influence. The Agricultural College has one of the most imposing and substantial buildings in the state, and has connected with it an experimental farm of 648 acres. This institution was founded in 1858, but for various causes, the buildings were not completed for the reception of students until 1868. The college building will accommodate about 200 students; and will be provided with apparatus, laboratory, library, and cabinets. A portion of the farm is already under cultivation, and comprises plough land, meadow, orchard, and garden. At the beginning of the year 1868, the stock on the farm was valued at $8,260, and the agricultural implements at $1,460. Students are to pass a portion of the time in experimental farming and gardening. The public school system which has been in operation about ten years has already developed an active interest in education. Superior school buildings have been provided, graded schools established, and a commendable spirit is manifested in efforts to secure teachers of higher qualifications. The Superintendent of Public instruction has the general supervision of the public schools of the state, and devotes his entire time to their improvement. The system of supervision by county superintendents has been quite successful, the exceptions being caused mainly by the want of adequate compensation in some counties to secure competent officers. Each civil township constitutes a school district and has a local Board of Directors; the tax for the payment of teachers and incidental expenses of sub-districts being levied upon the whole township. The Board of Directors may appoint one person to have the general supervision of the schools of the district, and may establish township graded schools whenever they may be necessary. The Normal Department of the University which was opened in 1855, has given Normal instruction to more than 1,000 teachers. There is an excellent training school at Davenport; this and other similar institutions more recently organized have secured the introduction of better methods of instruction and training, and elevated the character of primary schools. Efforts have been made for the establishment of Normal Schools for the state. During the ten years from 1858 to 1867 inclusive, 431 Institutes were held with an estimated attendance of 28,000 teachers, and at a total cost to the state of about $21,600. The annual expenditures for school purposes during this time increased from $393,720.08 to $2,069,597.82. Public Schools. Number of township districts (including independent districts) in 1867, 1,321; increase since 1866,126. Number of sub-districts in 1867, 6,168; increase, 242. Number of districts in 1857, 3,265; increase in ten years, 2,903; number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-ohe years, in 1867-males, 192,607; females, 180,362; total, 872,969; increase in one year, 24,471. Number of persons between five and twenty-one years of age, in 1857, 1869.] 333 IOWA. THE A3IERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 195,285; increase in ten years, 177,684. Number of schools in 1867, 6,229; increase since 1866, 329; number of schools in 1857, 2,708; increase in ten years, 3,521; number of pupils attendiig schoolin 1867, 257,281; increase since 1866, 15,454; increase in ten years, 177,611. Average school attendance in 1867, 148,620; increase since 1866, 12,446. Number of teachers employed in 1867-males, 3,676; females, 6,667; total, 10,343; increase since 1866, 1,000; increase in ten years, 7,347. Average compensation of male teachers per week in 1867, $8.97; increase since 1866, $0.57; increase in ten years, $2.88. Average compensation of female teachers per week, in 1867, $6,16; increase since 1868, $0.22; increase in ten years, $2,92. Number of day schools taught in 1867-summer, 315,948; winter, 332,732; total, 648,680; increase since 1866, 18,765; increase in ten years, 480,404. Average cost of tuition per week for each pupil in 1867-summer, $0.34; winter, $0.35; total, $0.34+; decrease since 1866, $0.3+. Aggregate amount paid teachers in 1867, $1,161,653.13; increase since 1866, $155,030.13; increase in ten years, $963,510.78. Amount of teachers' fund in the hands of district treasurers in 1867, $160,525.87; increase since 1866, $15,852.16. Number of school houses in 1867-brick, 436; stone, 206; frame, 4,200; log, 612; total, 5,454; increase since 1866, 445; increase in ten years, 3,768. Value of school houses in 1867, $3,450,978.93; increase since 1866, $614,221.87; increase in ten years, $2,879,915.02. Amount of district tax for building and repairing school houses in 1867, $657,911.11; increase since 1866, $119,815.45; increase in ten years, $511,207.37. Amount of district tax for library and apparatus in 1867, $34,123.38. Amount of district tax for the rent of school buildings in 1867, $13,006.39; decrease since 1866,$1,076.40. Amount of district tax for fuel in 1867, $133,198.58; increase since 1866, $22,277.19. Amount of district tax for compensation of secretary and treasurer in 1867, $39,705.23; increase since 1866, $5,970.20. Amount of district tax for teachers' fund in 1867, $620,341.12; increase since 1866, $117,180.98. Amount raised by "rate bill" or voluntary subscription for teachers' fund in 1867, $71,784.58. Amount of apportionmnent received from county treasurers in 1887, $478,525.98; increase in one year, $22,025.47. Number of volumes in district libraries in 1867, 9,303; decrease since 1866, 1,331; increase in ten years, 8,680. Value of apparatus in 1867, $81,712.63. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. The charitable institutions of Iowa were projected on a liberal scale, but the rapid growth of the state, and the increase of the unfortunate classes for whom these institutions were established are annually demanding additional facilities and increased accommodations. The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, located at Iowa City, has been highly prosperous, but its accommodations being inadequate, the General Assembly in 1866, passed an act to locate the institution permanently at Council Bluffs, and appointed three commissioners who purchased a site, embracing 80 acres near the city, and contracted for the erection of a building to cost $300,000, and to be completed by the first day of October, 1870. The number of deaf mutes in the state is now (1868), estimated at from 400 to 500, or more than five times the number in attendance at the institution. The Institution for the Education of the Blind, was first established in 1853, at Iowa City. In 1862, it was removed to Vinton, Benton County, and 40 acres of ground secured on which commodious stone and brick buildings have been erected. The institution is free to all the blind of Iowa who are susceptible of education, and desirous of availing themselves of its privileges. There were in 1866, 295 blind persons in Iowa, about 16 per cent. of whom receive the benefits of the institution. The blind of other states are admitted upon the payment, annually, of $170 per pupil, provided they possess the other necessary qualifications. The course of study consists of reading in raised print, writing, spelling; history, ancient and modern; grammar; geography; rhetoric, logic, and belles letters; natural, moral and mental philosophy; arithmetic, mental 334 [iSm. and written; algebra, and geometry. The male pupils are taught to make brooms and brushes, and the females bead work, sewing and knitting. The Hospital for the Insane at Mount Pleasant, has been much improved, and is in a prosperous condition, but has not accommodations sufficient for all the applicants for admission. The superintendent in his report gives a full account of the improvements made, and the requisites for judicious treatment of the Insane of the state. The Board of Trustees concur with him in recommending additions to the buildings and farm. The Trustees of the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home, have under their charge three institutions located respectively at Davenport, Cedar Falls, and Glenwood, in each of which the Orphans of soldiers are received for care and instruction. The state has appropriated $8.33 per month for the support of each inmate. This sum has been found insufficient to pay the expenses of the homes, and contributions have been made for that purpose. Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Iowa City, BENJAMIN TALOT, Principal, Whole number of pupils, 98, of whom 75 were present during the year 1867. Total receipts for year ending November 1, 18 67...............................$28,075.19 Total expenditures for year ending November, 1, 18 67........................ 24,587.30 Cash on hand, November 4, 18 67............................................ $3,487.89 Institution for the Blind, Vinton, JAMES L. GEDDES, Superintendent. Whole number of pupils since the opening of the institution, 150; number of deaths, 12; number removed from institution, 88; number present, December, 1867, 50; of these 28 were males, and 22 females. Receipts for years 1866 and 1867, $23,900.79. Expenditures, $24,192.04. Deficit, $291.25. Iowa Hospital for Insane, Mount Pleasant. MARNE RANNEY, M. D., Superintendent. Number of patients in hospital, October 31, 1865-males, 146; females, 138; total, 284. Admitted during the two succeeding years-males, 178; females, 165; total, 343. There have been discharged-males, 155; females, 128; total, 283. Remaining in hospital, October 31, 1867males, 169; females, 175; total, 3t4. Of those discharged there were-recovered, 138; improved, 29; unimproved, 32; died, 85. Total number admitted since opening of the hospital, 1,025; total number discharged, 681. Supposed cause of insanity-general ill health, 109; puerperal, 42; disappointment, 21; epilepsy, 99; domestic troubles, 58; religious excitement, 45; masturbation, 35; business anxieties, 27; Jhereditary, 32; injuries to the head, 15; over exertion, 21; spiritualism, 8; war excitement. 8; disordered menstruation, 13 intemperance, 24; loss of health in military service, 13; ill treatment, 9; excessive study, 8; miscellaneous and unknown, 441; total, 1,025. Occupation of those admitted-domestic duties, 486; farmers, 294; merchants, 11; laborers, 59; teachers, 15; carpenters, 9; black-smiths, 6; seamstresses, 4; tailors, 4; colliers, 3; preachers, 3; mill-wrights, 4; masons, 3; soldiers, 6; physicians, 3; shoemakers, 6; clerks, 9; lawyers, 3; agents, 3; miners, 3; miscellaneous and no employment, 84; unknown, 57; total, 1.025. Civil condition-single, 421; married, 510; widowed, 68; divorced, 3; unknown, 2.3; total, 1,025. Age-less than 15 years of age, 17; 15 to 20,86; 20 to 30, 324; 30 to 40, 263; 40 to 50, 176; 50 to 60, 85; 60 to 70, 39; 70 to S0, 9; 80 to 90, 1; unknown, 25; total, 1,025. Nativity-American, 691; German, 71; English, 22; Prussian, 16; Irish, 100; miscellaneous and unknown, 125; total, 1,025. PENITENTIARY. The statistics of the Penitentiary at Fort Madison, exhibit in a marked degree the fact which has been observwed in other states, that during the years of the late war there was a remarkable decrease in crime, and in the number of criminals. While in 1860, the number in the penitentiary was 123, it decreased each year until 1863, when it was but 70, but after the close of the war there was again a rapid increase; the number of prisoners in IOWA. ls69.] 335 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 1865 was 87; in 1866, 117; and in 1867, 160. The capacity of the prison is fully employed and increased accommodations are needed. The penitentiary is successfully conducted. The system of" diminution" of time, the religious exercises, and the library have all been important means in the discipline and moral culture of the prisoners. The labor is under contract and consists of coopering, and manufacturing agricultural implements. The value of the labor at the close of 1867, was $1,375 per month. Iowa Penitentiary, Fort Madison, MARTIN HIEIsEY, Warden. Number of convicts, October 1, 1865, 87; received during the year, 191; total, 278. Of those discharged, 87 were by expiration of sentence, 30 by pardon, and I by conditional leave of absence, leaving in confinement October 1, 1867, 160. Of those received there were-males, 189; females, 2; total, 191. Civil condition-single, 121; married, 65; widowed, 5; total, 191. Crimes-larceny, 121; burglary, 13; robbery, 6; bigamy, 5; rape, 5; manslaughter, 4; murder, 2d degree, 4; adultery, 4; counterfeiting, 4; assault with intent to kill, 3; murder, 2; conspiracy, 2; forgery, 2; miscellaneous and unknown, 16; total, 191. Term of sentence-1 year and less, 74; 1 to 2 years, 53; 2 to 5 years, 45; 5 to 10 years, 13; 20 years, 1; life, 5; total, 191. Age-between 12and 15 years, 6; 15 to 20, 53; 20 to 25, 55; 25 to 30, 33; 30 to 35, 12; 35 to 40, 12; 40 to 65, 20; total, 191. Nativity-United States, 152; Ireland, 13; Germany, 12; Canada, 10; other foreign countries, 4; total, 191. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. In Iowa the transition from a wilderness to cultivated farms and populous towns and cities has been rapid. There are no very large cities, but a large number of commercial centers and thriving towns. The increase in population from 1840 to 1850 was 345 per cent., and from 1850 to 1860, 251 per cent. The changes in population since the organization of the territory 30 years ago, may be seen by the following table: 1838...........22,859 1850...........191,982 1863...........701,732 1867..........902,040 1840...........43,114 1860...........674,913 1865.......... 754,699 The population in 1867 may be classified as follows: white males, 463,537; white females, 433,316; total white population, 897,325; colored males, 2,508; colored females, 2,203; total colored population, 4,715; number entitled to vote, 181,749; foreigners not naturalized, 13,503; number between the ages of 5 and 21 years, 339,618; number of blind, 412; deaf and dumb, 368; insane, 644. In the per cent. of increase of real estate and personal property from 1850 to 1860, this state surpassed all other states in the Union, the increase being 943 per cent. The great distinguishing feature of Iowa is her vast and diversified prairies, a large portion of which is covered with grass and destitute of timber. Corn, wheat, oats, and hay are the great staples of Iowa, being grown to a greater or less extent in every county in the state, with the addition of rye, barley, buckwheat, tobacco, &c., in limited quantities. Hop raising is attracting considerable attention in some counties, and in Jackson and Jones is successful and profitable. The principal branch of industry is agriculture, but the favorable situation of the state between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and the numerous railroads which have been built and projected, have stimulated the growth of a domestic trade that is rapidly increasing. In the northeastern part of the state, there are rich lead mines, and in the central and southern 336 [1869. portions, extensive coal fields, while iron and zinc are found in some parts of the state. The value of the annual mineral product is already more than a million of dollars, and is rapidly increasing. Manufacturing is in its infancy but is attracting a large amount of capital and skilled industry; and the presence of minerals, fuel, and in some instances of water-power, present favorable circumstances for an enlargement of this business; the value of manufactures increased more than a hundred per cent. from 1865 to 1867. Table giving amount of land cultivated and principal products in 1865 and 1867. NO. OF ACRES. PRODUCT. 1865. 1867. 1865 1867. Enclosed................5,327,053........8,263,174 Increase in 1867.......... 2,936,121 Sorghum................ 21,452........ 25,796........gals. syrup, 1,443,605....... 2,094,557 Hungarian Grass........ 37,894........ 39,436........tons hay, 63,698........ 58,889 Tame Grasses........... 302,899........ 497,460........ " " 225,349........ t537,812 Spring Wheat............ 827,487........ 983,90'5........ bushels, 7,175,784........13,912,368 Winter Wheat........... 116,965........ 73,425....... 1,108,781........ 723,152 Oats..................... 577,540........ 504,361........" 15,928,777........15,861,494 Corn..................... 1,727,777........1,992,326........ 48,471,133........56,928,938 Rye..................... 48,992........ 35,604........ " 662,388........ 492,841 Barley.................. 51,804........ 48,013........ " 950,696........ 1,197,729 Irish Potatoes........... 40,193........ 42,493........ " 2,730,811........ 2,666,678Sweet Potatoes.......................... 26,22........ 50,390 Onions.......................... " 207,638........ 213,285 Flaw..................... 12,111........11,906........ " seed, 75,721........ 61,917 Number of gallons of Linseed Oil.................................... 890........ 80,052 There were also in 1867,Of fruit trees in hearing..........1,075,177 Fruit trees not in bearing............3,629,789 Hogs of all ages.....................1,620,089 Cattle of all ages..................... 956,169 Pounds of butter made.............19,192,727 Pounds of cheese made o bI..............,403,864 Pounds grapes raised................ 549,17 l,9 Gallons wine made................... 29,495 Pounds hops raised.................. 48,653 Pounds tobacco raised............... 385,002 N Acres planted for timber............. 48,774 Tons coal raised..................... 97,820 Value of minerals, not including coal................................ $320,820 In a majority of the counties, farm lands have increased in value 75 per cent. since the census of 1860. Wild or unimproved lands range in price from $1.25 to $25 per acre. Land Grants. The state has received and controls for various purposes the following land grants: For aiding the common schools of the state, 1,548,487.97 acres; for agricultural college, 208,430.30 acres; towards a State University Fund, 92,030.37 acres; and to aid in the construction of railroads, 3,270,702 acres. The great value of these grants can only be indefinitely esti mated in their present undeveloped state. Banks and Railroads. There were in the state, October 1, 1868, 44 National Banks, with a capital of $4,057,000; and 1,152 miles of railroad finished and in operation. The number of newspapers or periodicals published in the state is,-daily, 16; tri-weekly, 2; semi-weekly. 3; weekly, 141; semi-monthly, 1; monthly, 3; quarterly, 1; total, 167. There are 29 Home, and 91 Foreign Insurance Companies doing busness in the state. 22 IOWA. 337 1869.] Sheep................................ 11708,958, Ilorses of all ages.................... 25,055 Mules and asses of all ages.......... 22,037 I-lives of bees......................... 85,727 Pounds of honey taken.............. 896,745 Pounds of beeswax.................. 36,9.66 Value, of manufactures............. $15,957,599 '%'ralue of agricultural implements, rqa chinery and wagons.............. $11,362,402 Number of acres land assessed...... 28,773,400 Assessed value of lands and town lots............................. $189,550,825 Assessed value of person'l property 66,966,,359 Total assessed valuation........... 6,511,487 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 1 1. KANSAS. Capt!al, Topeka. Area, 81,318 square miles. Population, (1860), 107,206. Kansas formed part of the great Louisiana purchase acquired from France in 1803, and was subsequently included in the Missouri, Arkansas and Indian Territories, from which last it was, in May 1854, erected into a separate territory, and admitted into the Union as a State, January 29, 1861. For several years a fierce contest raged in the territory on the subject of slavery, but the strife was finally adjusted by its being admitted as a free State. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. GOtr....................... JAsg. M. HARVEY.............Fort Riley..............$2,000 Lieutenant Governor.............. C. V. ESKRIDGE............. Emporia.........* Secretary of State...................THos. MOONiLIGHT............ Leavenworth......... 1,500 Auditor of State....................A. THrOMAN..................Lawrence.............. 1,500 Treasurer of State............GEORGE GRAHAM............Seneca................ 1,200 Sulperintendet of Public Instruction. P. MCVICAR.................Topeka................. 1,200 Attorney General...................A. DANFORD.................Fort Scott............. 1,000 The above officers are chosen by the people for a term of two years. The general election is held on the first Wednesday in November. Senators, 25 in number, elected for two years, and Representatives, 75 in number, elected for one year, constitute the Legislature, which meets annually on the second Tuesday in January. White male citizens of the United States, or persons of foreign birth who shall have declared their intention to become citizens, conformably to the laws of the United States on the subject of naturalization, who have resided in the State six months, and in the township thirty days, are entitled to vote. No person under guardianship, non compos nentis, or insane, or any person convicted of treason or felony, unless restored to civil rights, nor any soldier, seaman or marine shall be allowed to vote. At the election in November, 1867, three amendments to the constitution respecting voters were submitted to the people, with the following results: On striking out "white," the yeas were 10,483, nays, 19,421. Majority against, 8,938. On striking out "male," the yeas were 9,070, nays, 19,857. Majority against, 10,787. On disfranchising rebels, the yeas were 15,672, nays, 12,990. Majority for, 2,682. JUDICIARY. The Supreme Court of Kansas consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices. The Judges are elected by the qualified voters of the State; those of the Supreme Court for six years, and those of the District Courts for four years. Two sessions of the Supreme Court are held annually at Topeka, in January and July. UTiTED STATES COURTS, Circuit Ju'dge, Samuel H. Miller. District Judge, Mark W. Delahay. District Attorney, S. A. Riggs. Marshal, C. C. Whiting. Clerk of Circuit and District Cburts, A. L. Thomas. * $6.00 per day during session of Legislature. 338 [1869. SUPREM3E COURT. Chief Justice, S. A. Kingman, Atchison. Associate Justices, D. M. Valentine, Ottawa; J. Safford, Topeka. Salary of each, $2,000. DISTRICT COURTS. Judges. lst District. H. W. Ide, Leavenworth; 2d District, Nathan Price, Troy; 3d District, John T. Morton, Topeka: 4th District, O. A. Bassett, Lawrence; 5th District, John H. Watson, Emporia; 6th District, D. P. Lowe, Mound City; 7th Distrint, J. R. Goodin, Humboldt; 8th District, James Humphrey. Manhattan; 9th District, W. H. Brown, Cottonwood Falls. Salary of first five, $2,000 each; of the others, $1,500 each. FINANCES. The receipts for the fiscal year ending Nov. 30, 1867, were - $552,217.03 Expenditures for the same time, - -. 516,605.02 Balance in the Treasury Nov. 30, 1867,.. $35,612.01 The receipts and disbursements were on account of the following funds: Recipts. Disbursements, General Revenue and Sinking Fund.....................$192,798.29...........$179,144.17 Annual School Fund..................... 56,341.70....................... 56,41.70.. 47,012.19 Permanent School Fund........................ 59,846.03.................... 59,766.59 Penitentiary Building Fund..............................115,540.55.................... 115,540.55 Capital Building Fund.............................. 91,263.96.................... 91,158.61 Military Fund........................................... 23,263.45................... 22,387.78 Railroad Fund........................................... 13,163.05................... 1,595.13 Whole amount received and disbursed..................$552,217.03................ $516,605.02 STATE DEBT. The outstanding liabilities, Nov. 30, 1867, were $1,002,069.82, from which are to be deducted the sums expended for war purposes, amounting in all to $328,594.82, which leaves to the State a bonded indebtedness of $673,475.00. November 30, 1868, the bonded debt was $1,095,175; outstanding warrants, $290,254; total, $1,885,429. Taxes due for 1867 and 1868, and being paid, $390,952. EDUCATION. The State University at Lawrence has been in part re-organized, its course of study has been extended, and additions have been made to its corps of Instructors. It now embraces a collegiate and a preparatory course. The act incorporating the University endowed it with 46,080 acres of land, and $10,000 cash, besides a site of 40 acres adjoining the city. In 1867, a military department was added to the State Agricultural College, and the agricultural course extended. A number of denominational and private institutions have been established, some of which are doing excellent service in the cause of education. The school system has been modeled after the systems of the older States, and with the exceptions incident to a new country, has been efficiently administered, and the schools have rapidly improved. The public schools are under the general supervision of a Superintendent of Public Instruction. County Superintendents have the oversight of the schools in their respective counties, receiving the reports fiom district officers, and reporting annually to the State Superintendent. The Legislature in 1863 appropriated 30,380 acres of salt lands to endow a Normal School, which was located at Emporia, and opened in February, KANSAS. 839 1869.] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 1865, with 18 students. The attendance during the second year was 130. The year commenced in January, 1868, with a larger number of students than ever before. The school has a good building, costing $18,000. A successful model department is connected with it. Each representative district can send one pupil to the Normal School. The male pupils must be 17, and the females 16 years of age, and pledge themselves to teach in the State as long as they attend the Normal School. Public Schools. Number of school districts, in 1866-7, 1,172; increase for the year, 186; nlumber of white persons between the ages of 5 and 21-males, 30,028; females, 28,275; total, 58,303; number of colored persons of same age-males, 2,247; females, 2,283; total, 4,535; whole number of persons of school age, 62,838; increase, 8,110; number of children enrolled in public schools-white-males, 19,460; females, 17,484; total, 36,944; colored-males, 1,236; females, 1,269; total, 2,505; whole number, 39,449; increase, 8,191; number attending select schools, academies and colleges, 4,243; number attending public schools and other institutions of learning, 43,692; increase, 7,.903; average daily attendance of children-white, 19,591; colored, 982; total, 20,573; average time of school taught for children-white, 4.4 months; colored, 4.8 months; number of teachers employed-males, 541; females, 664; total, 1,205; increase, 119; number of teachers employed in select schools, academies and colleges, 107; in public and other schools, 1,312; increase, 64; average wages paid per month to teachers-male, $39.44; female, $26.41; amount paid for teachers' wages in public schools, $170,436.39; increase, $54,522.28; amount expended in repairs and incidentals, $42,824.42; increase, $10,361.21; amount disbursed to counties from annual fund, $47,961.36; increase, $16,907.12; amount raised by district tax for public schools, $273,057.18; increase, $80,437.01; amount from various sources for support of public schools, $342,271.92; increase, $88,657.36; number of school houses-log, 241; frame, 339; brick, 15; stone, 108; total, 703; total value of school houses, $573,690.03; increase, $254,792.77; amount added to the interest-bearing permanent school fund, $66,725; increase, $36,653.44; amount of permanent school fund now invested and bearing interest, $96,796.56. State Normal School, Emporia. L. B. KELLOGG, Principal. Number of pupils in Normal Department-ladies, 70; gentlemen, 55; total, 125; in Model School-girls, 15; boys, 12; total, 27; whole number in school, 152. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The charitable institutions already established are in successful operation. An Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb has been organized at Olathe, at which 25 pupils were in attendance in 1867. The Asylum for the Insane at Osawatomie, was opened November 1, 1866; it has accommodations for only 22 patients. More than this number applied in 1867, who were rejected for want of room. The treatment of those received was successful, more than half having recovered. An institution for the Blind has been located at Wyandotte, and a building erected at a cost of about $18,000, on a site, including nearly 10 acres, donated by the city. The institution was opened in 1868. As a rule, applicants who are under nine or over twenty-one years of age, are not admitted; but exceptions are sometimes made in peculiar cases, at the discretion of the Board of Trustees. No person of imbecile or unsound mind, or of confirmed immoral character, will be received. All are required to come with an adequate supply of good, comfortable clothing, embracing suitable articles for both summer and winter wear. No charge is made for the instruction of pupils. Kansas Asylum for the Blind, Wyandotte City. H. H. SAWYER, Superintendent. Number of inmates, Oct. 1, 1868, 15. Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, Olathe. Louis HI. JENKINS, Super?ntende~tt. Number of inmates, September 1, 1868, 27; annual appropriation by legislature, $8,000 or $10,000. 340 [1869. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population in 1860 was 107,206. At the time of the previous decennial census, the whole State was a wilderness, with a few scattering white settlements. Soon after its organization as a territory and the repeal of the Missouri Compromise act, emigrants from the Northern and Southern States poured in rapidly, the one section determined to exclude, and the other to introduce slavery. A bitter struggle ensued, which at last culminated in actual war. Lawrence was sacked and burned, and for a time life and property were insecure. Since the final settlement of the slavery question, immigration has increased, and the eastern part of the State has rapidly filled up. The present population is estimated at 300,000 or more. The soil of the greater part of the State is excellent, there being two classes of land, the first embracing the alluvions of the river, and the strips of timber. Of this class, there are at least 10,000,000 acres in the State, or fully five times the amount of improved land. For the production of the heavier kinds of cereals, this land is surpassed in richness by none of the neighboring States. For wheat and other small grains, the second-class lands, embracing the upland or rolling prairies, are preferred. The scarcity of building timber is amply compensated by the general distribution of stone suitable for the construction of buildings and fences. Unfailing springs of pure cold water are very abundant, and wells, furnishing a copious supply, need not be sunk over twenty to forty feet. The climate is temperate and healthful. The locality of the State, hialf-way up the slope of the eastern Cordilleras, gives it the advantage of the higher strata of the atmosphere, with more general circulation. The equability of temperature is especially favorable to stock-raising. From a report of the surveyor-general, it is seen that horses have increased in number in seven years, since the last decennial census, from 18,882 to 150,000; mules from 1,430 to 10,000; cattle of all kinds from 87,000 to 1,000,000; and sheep from 15,000 to 100,000. The total value of live stock has advanced from $3,205,522 to $40,300,000. The mineral deposits of Kansas are as yet imperfectly known; but sufficient has been developed incidentally to warrant the belief that the State has a liberal endowment of the useful minerals. The coal measures of the eastern portion are supposed to cover an extensive region. In Leavenworth, Osage, and Bourbon counties, in which alone the veins have been worked to any considerable extent, the supply seems abundant and the quality superior. Sand rock and lime rock crop out all over the State. Fine magnesian limestone of beautiful color has been quarried on the Kansas river near Fort Riley, and is now used in erecting public buildings. There are a number of salt springs. At the close of the fiscal year 1867, surveys had been extended over 20,510,443 acres of the public lands. Under the appropriation of $15,000 by act of Congress, March 2, 1867, contracts were made embracing the lands on the Smoky Hill, Saline and Solomon Forks of Kansas river, which were required 341 1s69.] KANSAS. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. to be surveyed in order to enable the Pacific Railroad Company to make selections under the grant of Congress. The manufactures of 1860 were represented by 344 establishments, with a capital of $1,084,935, working up raw materials to the value of $1,444,975, and paying for labor $880,346. The year's product was $4,357,408, leaving a profit of $2,032,087, or 107 per cent. on the capital. The trade of the State is advancing with other great interests. Great progress has been made in the last four years in the construction of railroads. One branch of the Pacific railroad passes through the entire length of the State. This with its branches and connections will afford important commercial facilities with the Eastern and Western States, while the completion of the railroad southward from Leavenworth will connect Chicago with Galveston, and afford convenient intercourse with those cities. Products in 1866. Corn, 6,527,358 bushels, value $4,112,235; wheat, 260,465 bushels, value $497,488; oats, 200,316 bushels, value $94,148; potatoes, 243,514 bushels, value $387,187; hay, 123,082 tons, value $883,729. Banks. There were, October 1, 1868, 5 National Banks, with a capital of $400,000. 12. KENTUCKY. Capital, Frankfort. Area, 37,680 square miles. Population, (1860), 1,155,684. This state was formerly included in the territory of Virginia, was settled in 1774 at Harrodsburg, and was formed into a territory by the Virginia Legislature in 1789. It was admitted into the Union as a state in 1792. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor.........................JOHN W. STEVENSON........Frankfort.....$5,000 Lieutenant Governor................WM. JOHNSON................ Bardstown.... 10 a day*. 'Secretary of State..................SAM'L B. CHURCHILL.........Frankfort..... 1,500 Auditor......................... D. HOWARD SMITH...........Frankfort..... 2,500 Treasurer..........................JAMES W. TATE.............Frankfort..... 2,500 Attorney General...................JOHN RODMAN.............. Frankfort..... 500 and fees. Adjutant General....................FRANK WOLFORD............Liberty....... 2,400 Supt. of Public Instruction..........Z. F. SMITH................Eminence..... 1,300 Scretary Board of Agriculture.....J. J. MILLER................Lexington..... The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Auditor, Attorney General, and Super intendent of Public Instruction, are elected by the people for the term of , > fom' \ easf. The Governor is ineligible for the four years succeeding the ex t ~ piration of his term. If a vacancy, in the office of Governor occur during the first two years of the term, it is filled by a new election; if during the last two years, the Lieutenant Governor, and after him, the Speaker of the Senate, acts as Governor. The Treasurer is elected by the people every two years. The Secretary of State is appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Senators, 38 in number, are elected from single districts for four years, one half every two years. Representatives, 100 in number, are elected from sin gle districts for two years. Sessions of the Assembly are biennial, and cannot continue longer than 60 days without a two-thirds vote of all the members *During session of Assembly. 342 [1869. elected to each branch. The members are paid $4 a day, and 15 cents a mile for travel. Every white male citizen who has resided two years in the state, one year 'in the county, and 60 days in the precinct in which his vote is offered, is entitled to vote. JUDICIARY. The Court of Appeals is the Supreme Court of the State, and has appellate jurisdiction over the final orders and judgments of all other courts of the State in civil cases, except where the amount in controversy is less than $50, or in cases of judgment granting divorce, or on a judgment of an inferior court from which an appeal is given to the Quarterly or Circuit Court. It has appellate jurisdiction in criminal cases, where the fine is $50 or over. The Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction in civil cases where the amount in controversy is $50 and upwards, except where exclusive jurisdiction is given to other courts; appellate jurisdiction in certain cases specified, and criminal jurisdiction for the trial of all offenses which may be prosecuted by indictment, and all prosecutions and final actions, except where exclusive jurisdiction is given to other courts. There are also County Courts and Justices' Courts. All Judges are Justices of the Peace. Judges of the Court of Appeals are elected by districts for a term of eight years, one every second year, and the Judge having the shortest term to serve is Chief Justice. The Circuit Court Judges are elected by districts for six years, and Justices of the Peace for four years. lUNTITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Noah H. Swayne. District Judge, Bland Ballard. Distrt Attrney, 13. H. Briston. Marslal, W. A. Merriwether. Clerk of Circuit and D'trict Courts, A. J. Ballard. COURT OF APPEALS. Judges. R. K. Williams, Mayfleld; George Robertson, Lexington; M. K. Hardin, Louisville; B. J. Peters, Mt. Sterling. Salaries, $4,000. FINANCES. Balance in Treasury October 10, 1866, - - - $160,714.2: Received into the Treasury from Oct. 11, 1866, to Oct. 10, 1867, 2,175,996.47 Total,.. - -.. Amount of warrants drawn by the Auditor and paid by the Treasurer, Oct. 11, 1 866, to Oct. 10, 1867, inclusive, 231852.77 Leang balance in Treasurey t6 tohe credit Revenue Department, 210,857.9177 Leaving balance in Treasury to tlhe credit Revenue Department,:'$25,857-.9,1 STATE DEBT. The following was the condition of the State Debt, October 10, 1868 Amount of six per cent. debt due and outstanding...................................$84,4.00 Amount of five per cent. debt due and outstanding............................... 16,000.00 Amount of six per cent. bonds unredeemed not due.......................1,726,500.00 Amount of five per cent. bonds unredeemed not due........................... 160,000.00 Bonds held by the Board of Education......................................,632,29.46 Total State Debt, October 10, 1868.......................................... $3,619,191.46 Between October 10, 1867, and October 10, 1868, the outstanding bonds of the state were redeemed to the amount of $992,008.00, which expresses the reduction of the permanent debt od the state for the year.X -343 186.(.] KENTUCCKY. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. EDUCATION. One of the most important educational institutions of this state, is the Kentucky University which now embraces the University established in 1858, Transylvania University, and the Agricultural College. The union of these institutions was effected in 1865, and the University was permanently located at Lexington. The site includes "Ashland" the homestead of HIenry Clay, and the adjoining estate of "Woodlands," in all 433 acres. The actual cash endowment of the university, amounted in 1868 to over $400,000 and the real estate to $250,000. The first session of 1868, 220 students matriculated in the Agricultural College alone. In this college all students are required to work unless excused in consequence of actual physical debility. They are arranged into two divisions, one compensated, and the other uncompensated. The former work four hours a day on the farm, or in the work-shops, for which each member receives ten cents per hour. The latter work two hours per day, in the ornamental grounds and garden without compensation.. The public school system is attracting the attention of the state government, and measures have been taken for its improvement. A State Superintendent of Public Instruction has been appointed, who is giving more effic iency to the system. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The Institution for the Education of Deaf Mutes at Danville, established in 1823, is the oldest of the state charities. For more than forty years, it has been under the charge of the same principal. Pupils receive intellectual and moral instruction, and are taught to work at useful and profitable employments. The greatest number present at the close of any session before the war was 93. During the war, the number was reduced to 52, but, in 1867, it had increased to 96. No charge is made to pupils from Kentucky; those from other states pay $150 a year for board, lights and washing; tuition is free to all. There are two Insane Asylums in the State, the Eastern Lunatic Asylum at Lexington, founded in 1824, and the Western Lunatic Asylum at Hopkins-ville. An appropriation for additional buildings for the Eastern Asylum was made by the Legislature, February 28, 1867, and the work was immediately commenced. The buildings were so far completed in 1868, that the number of inmates was largely increased. The Eastern Asylum will now accommodate 525 patients, and the Western Asylum, 325, making abundant provision for all the lunatics in the state. The Kentucky Institution for the Blind at Louisville, was founded in 1842. In 1861, it had buildings valued at $70,000, 4 teachers and 54 pupils. The Institution for the Education and Training of Feeble Minded Children was established in 1860, but the buildings as originally designed were but partially completed in 1867. The accommodations were sufficient for the number of inmates at that time (52). The report of the State Penitentiary at Frankfort, indicates a large increase 344 [1869. of prisoners since January 1, 1866, when there were but 290 confined in the prison yard. January 1, 1867, there were 450, and January 1, 1868, 540. Of 902 in confinement in 1866 and 1867, 237 or more than one-fourth were between the ages of 15 and 20 years, and 413 were between 20 and 30. The keeper well says "there is an absolute necessity of devising some system of punishment for the young offender, which, while vindicating the law, will prevent the youth from becoming hardened in crime by association with old criminals." Kentucky Institution for the Education of Deaf Mutes, Danville. J. A. JACOBS, A. M., Prncipal. Number of deaf mutes attending from November 15, 1866, to November 15, 1867-males, 50; females, 46; total, 96; of these there were-totally deaf, 36; hear more or less, 54; not ascertained, 6; total, 96. Cause-congenital, 37; not known, 9; known disease, 50 as follows:-scarlet fever, 18; rising in the ears, 6; cold, 6; fever, 3; miscellaneous, 17. Kentucky Institution for the Education and Training of Feeble Minded Children, Frankfort. DR. BLACK, Superirtendent. Number of pupils December 1, 1867males, 24; females, 28; total, 52. Since December 1, 1865, 23 pupils have been admitted and 7 discharged. Kentucky Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington. W. S. CHIPLEY, M.D., Superintendent. Number in institution October 1, 1866-males, 148; females, 103; total, 251. Admitted during the year-males, 29; females, 21; total, 50. Whole number under treatment during the year-males, 177; females, 124; total, 301. Number discharged, recovered-males, 14; females, 9; total, 23. Number died-males, 11; females, 3; total, 14. Number removed, 6. Remaining October 1, 1867-males, 149; females, 109; total, 258. Daily average patients-paying, 30.33; state, 222.68. Civil condition of those admitted during the year-single, 20; married, 23; widowed, 7; total, 50. Admitted and discharged since 1824, admitted-males, 1,805; females, 957, total, 2,762; discharged-males, 743; females, 307; total, 1,050; died-males, 631; females, 412; total, 1,043; eloped-males, 120; females, 16; total, 136; removed-males, 162; females, 113; total, 275. Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkinsville. JAMES RODMAN, Superintendent. Number of inmates September, 1868, 283. Kentucky Penitentiary, Frankfort. HI. I. TODD, Keeper and Lessee. Number of convicts January 1, 1866, 286. Received during years 1866 and 1867, 666. Served time out, 160. Pardoned, 160. Died, 37. Escaped, 10. Delivered to Sheriffs, 2. Number in prison January 1, 1868, whites-males, 332; females, 1; blacks-males, 173; females, 34; total, 540. Age of prisoners during last two years-from 15 to 20, 237; 20 to 30, 413, 30 to 40, 100; 40 to 50, 39; 50 to 60, 17; 60 to 70, 3; not stated, 93; total, 902. Term of sentence-for 1 year, 280; from 1 to 3 years, 167; 3 years, 95; from 3 to 5 years, 168; 5 years, 69; from 5 to 10 years, 73; 10 years, 37; 10 to 20 years, 10; life, 3; total, 902. Crimes sentenced for-grand larceny, 444; horse stealing, 159; felony, 87; robbery, 54; murder, 22; hog stealing, 20; burglary, 18; manslaughter, 15; shooting with intent to kill, 16; passing counterfeit money, 11; arson, 9; rape, 8; forgery, 8; miscellaneous, 31; total, 902. Education-good, 46; common, 313; none, 441; not stated, 102; total, 902. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population and rate of increase for each decade are as follows: White. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Inc. per cent. 1790............ 61,133............. 114............. 11,830.............73,077............. 1800............179,871............. 741............. 40,343............220,955.............202.36 1810............324,237.............1,713............. 80,561............406,511............. 83.98 1820............434,644.............2,759.............126,732............54,135............. 38.82 1830............517,787.............4,917.............165,213............ 687,917............. 21.09 1840............590,253............7,317........... 182,258........... 779,828............. 13.36 1850............761,413......... 10,011.............210,981............982,485............. 25.98 1860............919,517......... 10,684.............225,483..........1,155,684............. 17.64 According to the census of 1860, there were in Kentucky 7,644,208 acres of improved land, and 11,519,053 unimproved. There has been an average increase of about 10 per cent. in the value of farm lands, since that time; in 1869.] KENTUCKY. 345 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. some counties the increase was much more, the greatest increase being near the principal cities. The soil supplies the chief source of wealth, rendering Kentucky peculiarly an agricultural and grazing country. A mixed husbandry generally prevails, embracing the production of wheat, corn, oats, rye, potatoes, tobacco, and the raising of stock. Wheat, corn, and tobacco are the chief crops, the latter being the principal one for export, the corn grown being largely used upon the farms-converted into stock. Blue grass is the almost universal grass of Kentucky, and the "blue grass region" is well known as a grazing country. Under favorable circumstances, stock may be sustained nearly the whole year upon pastures alone. This state is rich in minerals. Coal is found in abundance in Greenup, Rockcastle, Laurel, Pulaski, Whitley, Clinton, Edmonson, Hardin, Ohio, Butler, Christian and Webster counties, and iron in greater or less quantity in nearly all of them. Lead is found in Trimble, Owen, Bourbon, Scott, Franklin, Anderson, and Livingston counties, and in others contiguous. Salt wells exist in several counties, but are not worked to any great extent. An active trade is conducted with New Orleans, St. Louis, and other places on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. The principal products in 1866, were-corn, 65,564,630 bushels, value, $32,126,669; wheat, 2,063,256 bushels, value, $4,745,489; rye, 419,287 bushels, value, $469,601; oats, 5,644,573bushels, value, $2,709,395; potatoes, 1,786,200 bushels, valae, $1,196,754; tobacco, 61,683,856 pounds, value, $5,859,966; hay, 115,844 tons, value, $1,482,803. The chief products for 1867, were-tobacco, 101,261,879 lbs.; hemp, 4,646,735 lbs.; hay 105,964 tons; corn, 50,262,463 bushels; wheat, 2,223,447 bushels; barley, 94,963 bushels; mineral products-pig metal, 9,737 tons; bloom, 5,159 tons; bar iron, 1,860 tons. Assessment, 1 867. Acres of land, 20,449,880, value, $210,534,221; town lots, 52,867, value, $82,037,164; horses,,50,586, value, $21,553,061; mules, 80,074, value, $5,618,203; cattle, 605,870, value, $7,725,136; stores, 10,536, value, $18,965,588; value under the equalization law, $42,794,653; value of pleasure carriages and other vehicles, $1,663,577; value of watches and clocks, $1,241,168; value of gold and silver plate, $448,312; value of pianos, $873,858; total value, $393,618,655. 13. LOUISIANA. Capitat, New Orleans. Area, 41,346 square miles. Population, (1860), 708,002. The territory from which Louisiana was formed, was first settled by the French at Iberville, in 1699. In 1762, it was ceded by France to Spain, and in 1800, was ceded back by Spain to France. In 1803, the whole territory including Arkansas, Missouri, and a large tract west of the Mississippi, was ceded by France to the United States. Louisiana was organized as a distinct territory in 1804, and admitted into the Union as a state in 1812. The ordinance of secession which was adopted by a state convention, January 26,1861, was repealed by another convention, which met April 6, 1864. A new constitution was adopted by this convention, which was ratified by the people, September 5, 1864, and the State Legislature and Representatives to Congress were chosen. The state was under the supervision of the General commanding the Department of the Gulf of Mexico, until the passage of the military reconstruction act, March 2, 1867, when it was joined with Texas to fbrm the 5th Military district. A constitutional convention assembled at New Orleans, November 23, 1867; and a now constitution was formed which was ratified by the people, April 23, 1868. The state was admitted to representation in Congress by act of June 25, 1868. [1869. 346 GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME RESIDENCE. SALARY. ovemor.................... HER C. WAROUTTH.......New Orleans...........$8,000 Lieutenant Governor................OSCAR J. DUNN..............New Orleans........... 3,000 &cretary of State...................GEORGE E. BOVEE............Saint James............ 3,000 Auditor..................G.. WIC........... New Orleans.......... 5,000 Treasurer................... ANTOINE DUBUCLET.......Iberville............. 5,000 Superintendent of Education........THOMAS W. CONWAY.........New Orleans........... 5,000 Attorney General...................S. BELDEN..................New Orleans........... 5,000 All the above state officers are chosen by the legal voters of the state for a term of four years each, except that at the first election under the new constitution, the treasurer was to be elected for two years. The legislative power is vested in the General Assembly, consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives. The Senators, 36 in number, are elected for four years, one-half biennially, and the representatives, 101 in number, for two years. General election first Monday in November. The members of the General Assembly receive $8 for each day of attendance, and going to and returning from the sessions which are limited to 60 days each. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years or upwards, born or naturalized in the United States, and a resident of this state one year next preceding an election, and the last ten days within the parish in which he offers to vote, shall be deemed an elector. Criminals and certain persons who participated in the rebellion are excluded. All persons without regard to race, color, or previous condition, born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, and residents of this state for one year, are citizens of this state. JUDICIARY. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Parish Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court, except in cases provided, has appellate jurisdiction only. It is composed of one Chief Justice, and four Associate Justices, a majority of whom constitutes a quorum. The Chief Justice and the Associate Justices are appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, for the term of eight years. They must be citizens of the United States, and have practiced law for five years, the last three thereof next preceding their appointment, in this state. The Court appoints its own clerks. The Supreme Court holds its sessions in the city of New Orleans from the first Monday in the month of November to the end of the month of May. The state is divided into districts, in each of which a judge is chosen for four years by the qualified electors. The number of districts must not be less than 12 nor more than 20, and must remain unchanged for four years. The present number is 18. There is one District Court in each district except the parish of Orleans which has seven. The District Courts have original jurisdiction in all civil cases when the amount in dispute exceeds five hundred dollars ekclusive of interest. In criminal cases their jurisdiction is unlimited. They have appellate jurisdiction in civil ordinary suits when the amount in dispute exceeds $100. LOUISIANA. ism.] 347 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. For each Parish Court one judge is chosen by the qualified electors of the parish. He holds his office for the term of two years. In 1868 there were 18 district judges, and 48 parish judges. The Justices of the Peace are chosen by the electors of each parish, and hold office for the term of two years. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge,. Dstrict Judge, Edward H. Durell. District Attorney, S. H. Torrey. Marshal, F. J. Herron. Clerk of Circuit Court, Dominick Urban. Clerk of District Court, Charles C. Clairborne. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, John T. Ludeling, Monroe. Associate Justices, Wm. G. Wiley, Floyd; J. K. Howell, New Orleans; J. G. Talliafero, Harrisonburg; W. W. Howe, New Orleans. Clerks, J. M. Wells, Jr.; C. M. Ilsley, Jr. Salary of Chief Justice, $7,500; of each Associate Justice, $7,000. FINANCES. The Receipts from all sources for 1868, as reported by the State Treasurer, November 19, were as follows: Various taxes and arrears............................................. $1,877,750 Licenses on Trades, Professions and Occupations...................................... 425,000 Duty on Sales at Auction.............................................................. 50,000 Sales of Swamp Lands................................................................ 10,000 Miscellaneous.......................................................................... 20,000 Total receipts for the year 1868.....................................................$1,882,750 The Expenditures during the same period, according to the General Appropriation Bill, were as follows: Salaries of Officers and Contingent Expenses of their Departments....................$150,180 Salaries of Judges, District Attorneys, and Reporters of Supreme Court................206,300 Compensation to State Assessors and Tax Collectors, and deductions of uncollected taxes..210,000 Compensation and Contingent Expenses of the Legislature..............................300,000 Interest on State Bonds for the year 1868................................................496,908 Printing and Advertising............................................................... 125,000 State Seminary of Learning and Public Schools.........................................236,000 For Insane, Deaf, Dumb, and Blind Asylums, and Penitentiary.........................100,000 Support of Charitable Institutions....................................................... 82,000 Miscellaneous........................................................................... 39,400 Total expenditures for 1868........................................................$1,945,788 Deficit...................................................................................63,038 STATE DEBT. The total outstanding bonded debt of the state, November 19, 1868, consisted of 9,473 bonds, amounting to $7,962,800. From this should be deducted bonds of the State, which were the property of the state, and were held by the State Treasurer: For the Free School Fund..............................................................$856,500 For the Seminary Fund..................................................................137,000 For Redemption of State Debt............................................................198,00O $1,191,500 Leaving the total outstanding Bonded Debt, exclusive of the bonds owned by the State, $6,771,300; the state also owned consolidated city bonds and Railroad bonds, amounting to $371,000; which, if sold or exchanged, would reduce the bonded debt of the state to $6,400,371. The floating debt of the state, consisting of state notes, warrants and overdue coupons, amounted to $1,929,500, which, with the deficit for the year, it was expected would be entirely liquidated by the special tax of 1 per cent. [1869. 348 EDUCATION. The constitution provides that the General Assembly shall establish at least one free public school in every parish throughout the state, and shall provide for its support by taxation or otherwise. All children of this state between the ages of six and twenty-one are admitted to the public schools or other institutions of learning sustained or established by the state in common, without distinction of race, color, or previous condition. No separate schools or institutions of learning can be established exclusively for any race by this state. A University is to be established and maintained in the city of New Orleans. It is to be composed of a law, a medical, and a collegiate department, each with appropriate faculties. The General Assembly must provide for its organization and maintenance; and all departments are to be opened in common to all students capable of matriculating. Since the close of the war, the Centenary College at Jackson, under the care of the Methodist Church, and several private schools and academies have been revived and are now prosperous. The public schools are under the general supewrvision and control of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The proceeds of all lands granted by the United States for the use and support of public schools, and of certain other land grants; and the proceeds of all estates of deceased persons to which the state may be entitled by law, are held by the state as a loan, and are to remain a perpetual fund on which the state shall pay an annual interest of six per cent., which interest, with the interest of the trust fund deposited with this state by the United States, and the rent of the unsold lands must be appropriated to the support of public schools; this appropriation is to remain inviolable. No appropriation can be made by the General Assembly for the support of any private school, or any private institution of learning whatever. One-half of the funds derived from the poll tax, are appropriated exclusively to the support of the free public schools throughout the state, and the University of New Orleans. The Normal school in the city of New Orleans was suspended in 1862, but it has been re-established and continued by the benevolence of teachers of the city who have given their services to it gratuitously. School Statistics of New Orleans. Number of schools-for white children-High Schools, 3; District Schools, 36; for colored children, 16; total, 55; number of teachers-for white children, 262; for colored children, 52; total, 314; number of pupils enrolled-white children, 17,163; colored children, 4,477; total, 21,640. Salaries paid teachers, $231,055.11; rents of school houses, $19,383.85; salaries of officers of Board, $12,043.45; books and stationery, $21,526.96; repairs, $60,037.78; furniture, $16,177.76; miscellaneous, $102,759.27; total, $381,417.44; appropriations for white children, $360,060; for colored children, $70,000; received from W. S. Mount, $5,000; total $435,000. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The constitution provides that institutions for the support of the insane, and the education and support of the blind and the deaf and dumb, shall always be fostered by the state, and be subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly. 1860.] LOUISIANA. 349 THlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The principal charitable institutions of the state are in New Orleans and Jefferson. The influence of the climate on strangers, and the frequency of epidemics, causes a large number of sick and orphans needing aid. The foblowing institutions including some not public, were in operation in 1868. Insane Asylum, Jackson. Mr. KING, Superintendent. Number in Asylum Dec. 31, 1866 -males, 80; females, 92; total, 172; number admitted since-males, 11; females, 1; total, 12; making in all, 184; discharged, recovered-males, 6; females, 1; total, 7; removed, improved1; eloped, 2; died-males, 6; females, 5; total, 11; remaining Dec. 31, 1867-males, 78; females, 85; total, 163; whole number of admissions since the opening of the Asylum, 1,171; salaries of officers, and wages of servants, $7,900; other expenses, $13,700; total, $21,600. Charity Hospital. Founded in 1786, mainly to care and provide for the indigent sick, yet has a few pay patients, chiefly sailors. It is sustained by a tax of $2.50 each, on passengers arriving by sea, licenses on balls, theatres, and lotteries, donations by the state, and pay patients as above referred to. The amount received from pay patients the last year reached $67,000; the expenses are about $9,000 per month. Number of patients January 1, 1867, 723; admitted during the year, 8,612; total, 9,385. Discharged during the year, 7,260; died, 1,438; remaining in hospital January 1, 1868, 637. This institution and the following are in New Orleans. Poydras Asylum for Girls, Protestant. Founded by Julian Poydras, in 1817; is for girls only, and is managed by a board of twelve ladies. It has 120 inmates; can accommodate 500; takes all that apply; is supported chiefly by rent from property donated by its founder. St. Mary's Male Orphan Asylum, Catholic. Established in 1835; is directed by a board of fourteen gentlemen; has 380 inmates. Applicants for admission are subject to no condition, other than being orphans. It is supported by the state and donations. St. Vincent's Home for Boys, Catholic. Established in 1866 for half orphans, and is managed by a board of six gentlemen; has 63 inmates, who are educated and taught useful trades. Its resources are from the state, donations, work, and contributions by the Society. St. Elizabeth Female Orphan Asylum, Catholic. Established in 1856. Girls between the ages of twelve and fourteen years only are admitted, and retained until eighteen or twenty. Besides a book education, they are taught trades, house keeping, and all duties pertaining to the position for which they are destined hereafte —169 inmates. The resources are from the state, city, proceeds of their work, fairs, and contributions. Orphan's Home, Protestant. Established in 1853. Orphans of both sexes are admittedcontains 49 boys and 71 girls, 120 in all. A board of managers, composed of twelve ladies, have charge of the house. Its resources are from the state, city, contribution, fairs, and membership. St. Vincent's Infant Asylum-Catholic. Established in 1862; in charge of nine Sisters of Charity. There are 150 inmates, 10 boys, and 140 girls; none over seven years old are admitted; it is supported by the state, city, and donations. St. Joseph's German Orphan Boys and Girls Asylum-Catholic. Established in 1853, and managed by twelve Sisters of Charity. There are now 104 boys, and 108 girls; in all 212. Its resources are from the city, state and receipts from St. Joseph's Cemetery. German Orphan Asylum-Protestant. Established in 1868 by a German Protestant Society, which sustains it. Both sexes are admitted. They number 16; 7 girls and 9 boys. St. Anna's Asylum. Established in 1850 for the relief of destitute females of all religious denominations, and their helpless children. During the last year it has had under its care sixty-four women and thirty-two children. Its resources are dues from subscribers, contributions, and work. Southern Hospital Association. Incorporated in 1866, and commenced active operations in January, 1867. Its resources are entirely derived from individual exertion and contributions, its receipts up to this date reaching $80,000. There are now 47 inmates. Children's Home-Protestant. Established by the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1855. Its board of managers is composed of 10 ladies. Orphans, half-orphans, and destitute children of both sexes are admitted; it has 32 girls and 40 boys. Its support is derived from the state, city, donations, and contributions. Louisiana Retreat-Catholic. Established in 1864, to give a home to the Insane. Its resources are derived from the state, and its inmates, about one-half of whom are paying recipients. It has at this time 45 inmates, cared for by seven Sister Superiors, Old and young, male and female are alike admitted. Ladies' Benevolent Association of Louisiana. Organized in 1866; its objects are to provide artificial limbs for Confederate soldiers, mark and protect the graves of their dead, 350 [1869. and aid and assist their destitute widows and orphans. Its management is confided to a board of ladies. The resources are from donations, subscriptions, and memberships. Widow's Home-Catholic. Established in 1851, and is managed by a community known as Ladies of Providence. It contains 47 women, 24 children, and 25 aged or infirm men-96 in all; and is supported by the state, city, proceeds of work done by the inmates, and charity. Society for the Relief of Destitute Orphan Boys-Protestant. Established in 1824; it is under the direction of a board of eight gentlemen. It has 73 inmates, and room for many more; no conditions imposed on admission. Its resources are derived from rents. St. Croix Asylum-Catholic. Established in 1855; it is under the management of the Sisters of Charity. There is an Academy attached, where a complete English education can be, had, which has now 40 pupils. The Asylum has 77 inmates. No conditions attached to admission, other than that they are to remain until eighteen years of age. Its resources are derived from the state, city, academy, donations, and contributions. Home for the Aged and Infirm. Established in 1862, by Mrs. A. W. Richardson, mainly sustained, and conducted solely by her, until recently, when it passed into the hands of the city; it has.50 female inmates. Marine Hospital. Is supported by the United States Government, for the benefit of sick, aged, and infirm freedmen only. It contains 322 patients and 86 aged and infirm persons. New Orleans Orphan Asylum. Established in 1836, for girls between the ages of 7 and 14. It has now 220 orphans. Orphan's Home Society-Protestant. Established in 1865, for orphans of both sexes. It is managed by a board composed of both sexes, numbering thirteen, and has 103 inmates. Jewlish Widow's and Orphan's Association. Organized in 1856, by the Jews; it has 89 inmates, 44 boys, 43 girls, and 2 widows. It is supported by an annual payment of dues by the members, donations and contributions; receipts from all sources the past year, as per report of March, 1868, $25,365.26, disbursements, $19,963.87. Howard Association. This association was organized in 1836, chartered in 1842, and re-chartered in 1867. Its active members are limited to 30, but do not reach that number., Its duties are to take care of the indigent sick in times of epidemic only. When the Board of Health shall declare the existence of an epidemic, whatever its kind, they organize for action, though they have not, on all occasions, waited for such announcement by the Board. Each member is assigned a district respectively, where he receives and responds to all applications in that district. The members in the performance of their duties, do not restrict themselves to this city, but when it is possible to spare them, delegations accompanied by nurses are sent to distant towns and cities where epidemics prevail. Their resources are derived entirely from contributions. Their receipts during the epidemic of last year were $108,866.49, to which 19 cities and towns outside of New Orleans contributed. Their entire expenditures were $78, 320.66. In addition to the sick taken care of as above, they extended relief to sick and extreme ly destitute persons in families numbering 6,200. House of Refuge for Girls. Established in 1852, as a School or House of Reform for Female Juvenile Delinquents not exceeding 15 years of age. Its general management is placed with a Board of Commissioners, composed of 13 citizens, elected annually by the Council, and the Mayor of the City, who is a member ex-officio. It has 32 inmates, most of whom were com mitted for vagrancy, but few for criminal offences and those of a minor character, and some as a protection from bad influences, and cruelty of heartless parents. House of Refuge for Boys. Established by the city authorities in 1848, to supply a home corrective and reformatory in its character, to which courts could commit juvenile vagrants, and minor criminal offenders against the law only. It is under the management of a board of thirteen commissioners, elected by the Council annually, and the Mayor of the city, who is a member ex-officio. It has 106 inmates. All children found pilfering, begging within the limits of the city, engaged in any occupation dangerous to their morals, or of a tendency to produce idleness or vice, idle and attending no school, abandoned to themselves, or not provided for by their parents are called " juvenile vagrants." POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of Louisiana at each decade since the organization of the State, was: Whites. Free Colore,d, Slaves. Total. In.. per ent, 1810............. 34.311............ 7,585............. 34,660............ 75,556............ 1820............ 73,.3............10,476............ 69,064............152,923............ 100.39 1830............. 89,441............16,710............109,588............215,739............ 40.63 1840.............158,457.......... 25,502.......... 168,452.......... 352,411........... 63.35 1850.............255,491............17,462.......... 244,809.......... 517,762........... 46.92 1860.............357,629............18,647............331,726............708,002............ 36.74 LOUISIANA, 1869.] 351 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Louisiana has great resources as an agricultural state. The surface, not more than 200 feet above the level of the Gulf, is in many places so low that extensive districts, especially in the south, are submerged during the stages of high water in the river. West of the Mississippi basin, the land rises in hills towards the northwestern part of the state, broken, however by the marshes along the several arms of the Red river. The delta of the Mississippi, amounting to one-fourth of the area of the State, is nowhere more than ten feet above the sea, and is subject through its entire extent to annual inundation. The bottom lands seem of inexhaustible fertility. Cotton, sugar, corn, and potatoes are the principal crops; before the war the cultivation of the first two was very profitable; but the disturbance in labor, and the unsettled condition of the state, have caused many plantations to be left without cultivation. In the southern tier of parishes, sugar, rice, and tobacco are made specialties, and fruits are extensively grown. Vast herds of cattle, and flocks of sheep may be pastured upon the extensive natural meadows of the " Opelousas prairies," extending seventy-five miles southwest and northeast, with a width of twenty-five miles. One man is said to own 12,000 head of cattle, and it is estimated that from 75,000 to 100,000 head graze upon these prairies. Timber is abundant in all parts of the State, embracing many varieties of oak, ash, cotton-wood, cypress, gum, and some of the pine forests are capable of producing quantities of turpentine. In St. Mary's parish alone it is estimated there is timber enough to make 10,000,000 cords of sugar wood. On one of the islands within the limits of this parish, there exists an immense bed of salt. By boring, persons have gone thirty-eight feet into the solid salt, without finding any signs of the bottom of the stratum. Land has much depreciated in value since 1860. There are yet to be disposed of in this state over six million five hundred and eighty thousand acres of public land. In 1860, the capital employed in manufactures was $7,151,172, invested in 1,744 establishments. The annual product was valued at $15,587,473, of which after deducting $10,692,987 for cost of raw materials and labor, there remains a profit of $4,894,486, or nearly sixty-eight per cent. on the capital invested. The commerce of the state, both domestic and foreign, has been very extensive. The direct navigation of the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Ohio and their tributaries, amounts in round numbers to 17,000 miles, pouring the products of fourteen states into the magazines of New Orleans for foreign exportation. New Orleans is the greatest cotton market in the world. The products for 1866 were-corn, 6,910,035 bushels, value, $8,499,343; potatoes, 206,258 bushels, value, $249,572; tobacco, 59,910 pounds, value, $23,964; hay, 36,900 tons, value, $1,107,000. In 1866-7 there were 347 sugar plantations under partial cultivation, the product being estimated at about 40,000 hogsheads of sugar, and 65,000 barrels of molasses. In 1860 the amount of cotton raised was 722,218 bales. Banks. The number of National Banks, September 30, 1868, was-organized, 3; closed or closing, 1; in operation, 2; with a capital of $1,800,000. 352 [1869. 14. MAINE. Capital, Augusta'. Area, 35,000 square miles. Population, (1860), 628,279. Maine was settled at York in 1623 by the English; it- was a part of Massachusetts until 1820 when it became an independent State and was admitted into the Union. GOVERNMIENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor...........................J. L. CHAMBERLAIN......................$2,500 &ecretary of State...................FRANKLIN M. DREW..........Brunswick...............1,500 Treasurer and Receiver General.....NATHAN G. NICHBORN.....................1,600 Attorney General...................WILLIAM P. FRYE............Lewistown...............1,000 Superintenden t of Public Instruction. WARREN JOHNSON.........................1,800 Secretary of Board of Agricultutre...S. L. GOODALE.............................1,200 Adjutant General...................JoHN C. CALDWELL...........Ellsworth............. 1,600 Land Agent........................PARKER P. BURLEIGH........Linneus................. The Governor is chosen by the legal voters of the State, on the second Monday in September, annually, and holds office one year from the January following. He is aided by a council of seven persons, who with the remaining state officers, are chosen by the Senators and Representatives in joint convention. The Senate composed of 31, and the House of Representatives of 151 members, are elected, annually, by the people. The Legislature meets in regular session on the first Wednesday in January. Each member of the Senate and House is entitled to $150 for attendance at a regular session, and $2 for every ten miles of travel. For attendance at an extra session the compensation is $2 per day. All male citizens of the United States of the age of 21 years and upwards, excepting paupers, criminals, persons under guardianship, and Indians not taxed, who have resided in the State three months previous to an election, are entitled to vote. Persons in the military, naval, or marine service, and students, are not deemed to have acquired a residence. JUDICIARY. The Judicial power is vested in a Supreme Judicial Court, composed of one Chief Justice and six Associate Justices, and such inferior courts as the Legislature may establish. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the Governor, with the advice of the Council, and hold their offices for seven years. The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Judicial Court, embraces all suits where the title to real estate is involved, or where the damages demanded exceed twenty dollars. It has jurisdiction of all criminal offences except those cognizable by a justice of the peace, or a police or municipal Judge. Its appellate jurisdiction extends to all cases, civil or criminal, which may have been originally brought before inferior magistrates, and to appeals from the decrees of the Judge of Probate. For the purpose of hearing questions of law and cases in equity, the State is divided into the Eastern, the Middle, and the Western Districts. The Eastern District includes Aroostook, Washington, Hancock, Piscataquis, Waldo, and Penobscot counties. The Middle District includes Somerset, Knox, Sagadahoc, Lincoln, and Kennebec counties. The Western District includes Franklin, Oxford, Androscoggin, York,. and Cumberland counties. 23 189.] MAINE. 353 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Nathan Clifford. District Judge, Edward Fox. Distrct Attorney, G. F. Talbot. Marshal, Charles Clark. C~erk Circuit Court, George F. Emery. Clerk JDistrict Court, William P. Preble. SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT. Chief Jusfice, John Appleton. Associate Justices, Jonas Cutting, Edward Kent, J. L. Dickerson, Charles W. Walton, William G. Barrows, Rufus P. Topley. Salaries, $2,500 each. TERMS OF SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT. For Androscoggin County, at Auburn, 3d Tuesday in January, April, and September; Aroostook Co., at Houlton, last Tuesday in February, and 3d Tuesday in September; Cumberland Co., at Portland, civil actions, 2d Tuesday in January, April, and October; criminal actions, last Tuesday in July and November; Fran7din Co., at Farmington, last Tuesday in March and 4th Tuesday in September; Hancock Co., at Ellsworth, 4th Tuesday in April and October; Kennebec Co., at Augusta, 1st Tuesday in March and August, and 3d Tuesday in October; Knox Co., at Rockland, 2d Tuesday in March, and 4th Tuesday in September; Lincoln Co., at Wiscasset, 1st Tuesday in April, and 4th Tuesday in October; Oxford Co., at Paris, 2d Tuesday in March and 3d Tuesday in September; Penobscot Co., at Bangor, civil actions, 1st Tuesday in January and April, and 3d Tuesday in October; criminal actions, 1st Tuesday in February, and 2d Tuesday in August; Piscataquis Co., at Dover, last Tuesday in February, and 2d Tuesday in September; Sagadahoc Co., at Bath, 1st Tuesday in April, and 3d Tuesday in Auglst and December, (December term for civil actions only); Somerset Co., at Norridgewock, 3d Tuesday in March and September; Waldo Co., at Belfast, 3d Tuesday in April and October; Washington Co., at Machias, 4th Tuesday in April, and 3d Tuesday in October; York Co., at Saco, 1st Tuesday in January; at Alfred, 4th Tuesday in April, and 3d Tuesday in September. FINANCES. Balance in the Treasury, January 1, 1867, - - - - $232,192.49 Amount received during the year 1867, - - - - 1,604,673.84 Total in the Treasury, - - - --. $1,836,866.33 Amount paid out, - - - - - - - - $1,628,024.32 Cash on hand December 31, 1867, - - - - - - 208,842.01 CHIEF SOURCES OF REVENUE. Payments by the United States.... $209,144.35 Bank tax............................ $4,287.50 State and County taxes...........1,349,566.67 School FundandEduca'nal Purposes.31,148.92 Interest and Licenses............. 5,232.95 Miscellaneous....................... 5,293.45 EXPENDITURES. Public Debt....................... $37,000.00 Salaries.......................... $46,000.00 Public Debt Interest................308,000.00 Legislative expenses.................39,000.00 Sinking Fund....................... 47,000.00 State Constabulary...................10,000.00 Soldiers' Pensions.................. 40,000.00 PrintiIig..............................15,000.00 Other payments for soldiers......... 27,000.00 School Fund........................ 51,500.00 Insane Paupers..................... 20,000.00 Miscellaneous......................135,600.54 Reform School...................... 18,000.00 Interest uncalled for............... 21,645.00 State Prison........................ 10,000.00 Warrants unpaid.................... 28,275.98 RESOURCES OF THE STATE. Cash in the Treasury January 1,1868.................................................$208,842.01 Balance due on State taxes to 1866, inclusive..........................................841,723.76 Securities in the Land Office-Bills receivable............................$28,438.76 "' " "'' School Fund................................40,394.25 $68,883.01 $1,119,398.78 354 [1869. LIABILITIES OF THE STATE. Public Del)t......................$5,090,500.00 Interest due and uncalled for.......$21,645.00 Trust Funds held by the State.... 1,2.39,686.73 Warrants drawn and unpaid........ 28,275.98 Balance due on sundry accounts... 42,074.15 Amount due on county taxes........ 4,582.40 Total........................................................................$6,426,764.26 STATE DEBT. The Public Debt of Maine at the commencement of the war, was $699,500. The balance of this, January 1, 1868, was about $458,000, from $30,000 to $60,000 of which falls due and is paid each year. The war debt on the first of January, 1868, amounted to $4,632,500, of which $800,000 matures in 1871. To provide for this, the State has a sinking fund of $123,775 a year, which in 1868 amounted to $330,855. It has also $209,144 collected from the general Government for the same purpose, and other funds already provided, amounting in the aggregate, January 1868, to $627,550, leaving as the actual indebtedness of the State on the war account, at that time, $4,000,000. The war indebtedness matures as follows: In 1871..... $800,000 1880.......$475,000 1883.......$525,000 1889.......$2,832,500 EDUCATION. There are in Maine two colleges, Bowdoin and Waterville; one Theologi cal Seminary, and nearly seventy Academies and private Seminaries, besides the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, which has been recently es tablished and has only a portion of its buildings completed. The Superintendent of Common Schools has the general supervision of Public Schools, and reports'annually to the Governor of the State. The local supervision is in the hands of town school committees, who visit the schools and report annually their general progress and particular condition. There are two Normal Schools in the State; the first or Western State Normal School was opened at Farmington, August 24, 1864. The Legislature, in 1867, provided for the purchase of the buildings of the Farmington Academy, in which the school had been conducted from its organization, and has thus secured for it a permanent and desirable home. The Eastern Normal School was opened in 1867 at Castine. Both have received the commendation of the Governor and the Superintendent of Common Schools. Public Schools. Number of towns, 405; school districts, 3,843; parts of districts, 339; number of persons between 4 and 21 years of age, 212,309; number registered in summer schools, 110,936; average attendance. 85,965; registered in winter schools, 129,848; average attendance, 99,690; average attendance for summer and winter, 92,827; number in winter who did not attend in summer, 20,708; ratio of attendance to whole number of scholars,.44; average length of schools in weeks and days, summer 9.1; winter 9.0;. sum of average, 18.1. Number of school houses in the State, 3,782; number reported in good condition, 2,065; number built within the year, 79; cost of the same, $323,581.13. Number of teachers in winter-males, 1,857; females, 2,042; in summer-males, 7l; females, 3.781. Wages of male teachers per month, besides board, $28.78; of female teachers per week, besides board, $2.71. School money raised by taxation, $518,292.97; excess above requirement of law, $91,835,97. Average amount raised per scholar, $2.26. Amount of permanent school find December 31, $244.121.53; income of same apportioned to schools, $13,244.14; bank tax apportioned to schools, $4,475.00; amount derived from local finds, $14,179.25; contributed to prolong public schools, $15,316.93. Amount paid to private schools, academies, &c., within the State, $40,614.33; amount paid for same out of the State, $6,428; paid for repairs, fuel, &c., $71,511.06. Aggregate expenditure for school purposes, $936,131.75. 1869.] MAINE. 355 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. The Hospital for the Insane, at Augusta, was first opened in October 1840. It is visited monthly by committees of trustees, who at their visits see every patient, and examine into the condition of the halls and dormitories, and the general management of the Hospital. The State Reform School, at Cape Elizabeth, has been in operation since November 14, 1853. In addition to the ordinary employment of the boys in shops and on the farm, a considerable number work at brick and tile making, which has been found a convenient and profitable occupation for them. The Legislature, in 1867, provided for a report on the subject of an Industrial School for girls. Hon. George B. Barrows, the commissioner under the resolution, after careful investigation of the wants of this class in the State, and inquiries as to the success and operations of Industrial Schools in other States and countries, in 1868 made a full report to the Governor, recommending the establishment of such a school in Maine. Insane Hospital, Augusta. HENRY M. IHARLOW, Superintendent. Number of patients in the hospital, December 1, 1866-males, 133; females, 143; total, 276. Admitted during the year-males, 89; females, 61; total, 150. Whole number under treatment during the yearmales, 222; females, 204; total, 426. Number of patients discharged during the year-males, 78; females, 45; total, 120;-recovered, 54; improved, 27; unimproved, 11. Number died during the year-males, 19; females, 12; total, 31. Civil condition of those admitted-married, 70;,unmarried, 64; widowed, 16. Causes of insanity-ill health, 39; intemperance, 21; domestic affliction, 10; over exertion, 8; epilepsy, 8; unknown, 27; miscellaneous, 37. Whole number admitted since the opening of the institution, 3,194; discharged, 2,891; recovered, 1,310; improved, 566; unimproved, 506; died, 509. State Reform School, Cape Elizabeth. E. W. WOOnDBJIY, Su?perintnendent. Number of boys in the school December 1,1866, 169; committed during the year, 65; apprentices returned, 16; total received during the year, 81; whole number in school during the year, 442. Of these, were discharged or apprenticed, 53; allowed to leave on trial, 4; violated trust, 3; escaped, 10; remanded, 1; died, 2; total, 73. Remaining, November 30, 1867, 169. Whole number of boys received since the opening of the school, 1,047, of whom were committed by the Supreme Judicial Court, 104; by municipal courts, 360; by police, 178; by trial justices, 305. Discharged on expiration of sentence, 201; by Trustees, 2S1; indentured, 248; allowed to leave on trial, 26; allowed to enlist, 19; illegally committed, 3; remanded, 10; pardoned, 6; escaped, 30; violated trust, 8; died, 12; delivered to court, 3; returned to masters, 3. STATE PRISON. The State Prison was enlarged in 1867, to make room for the increasing number of convicts. The old wing was removed and a new wing built 110 feet long and 47 feet wide. Three houses and lots were also bought for residences for the officers. The reports of the Warden and Inspectors for the year 1867, give the following statistics: State Prison, Thomaston. W. W. RICE, Warden. Whole number of convicts, November ,0, 1866, 135; number received during the year, 56; number discharged,-by expiration of sentence, 22; pardoned, 16; died, 2; escaped, 1; removed to jails, 22; total discharged, 63. Remainilg November 30, 1867, 128. Of these, there were committed-for larceny, 56; burglary, 18; murder, 14; assault to kill, 5; robbery, 6; miscellaneous, 29; total, 128. Whole number received since opening of the institution, 1,724. There have been discharged-on expiration of sentence, 1,100; on writ of error, 1; pardoned, 390; died, 54; removed to Insane Hospital, 7; removed to Alfred and Wiscasset jails, sentences commuted, 4'; removed to jails by Warden, 22; escaped and not retaken, 18; total, 1,596. Estimated expenses for the year 1868: Expense account, $1,200; clothing, $2,000; fuel and lights, $2,000; subsistence, $7,000; convicts discharged, $500; transporting convicts, $350; officers' salaries, $11,550; total, $24,600. Probable income, $24,600. 356 [1869. MAINE. POPULATION WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. There is no stated time for a census in Maine, and we have no means of ascertaining the present number of inhabitants, but it was estimated by the Governor in his last annual address in 1868, at 650,000. The population has been largely of English or New England origin, but emigration from Europe and the British North American provinces, has of late been directed more to this State. The aggregate population at each decade from 1790 to 1860, was as follows: Inc. per eent. Inc. per cent. 17....96,540............ 1830...............399,455............33.89 1800...............151,719........... 57.16 1840...............5 01,793............25.62 1810...............223,705............50.74 1850...............583,169............16.22 1820...............298,335............30.45 1860...............628,279........... 7.74 Of the population, in 1860, 560,030 were born in the State; 29,796 in other States; 37,453 in foreign countries, of whom 2,677 were born in England; 15,290 in Ireland; 759 in Scotland; 88 in Wales; 17,540 in British America; 384 in Germany; 120 in France, and 36,858 in other foreign countries. In the leading pursuits, 64,843 were farmers, 18,734 laborers, 15,865 farm laborers, 13,371 servants, 11,375 mariners, 7,087 factory hands, 5,209 teachers, 4,952 carpenters, 4,607 fishermen, 4,584 shoemakers, 3,032 merchants, 2,777 blacksmiths, &c. The peculiar situation of this State, its extensive forests, and great length of coast indented by bays and inlets, with a larger number of good harbors than any other State in the Union, has furnished special facilities for the pursuit of the lumber business and ship building. It is estimated that 200,000,000 feet of lumber had been surveyed prior to the establishment of the office of Surveyor General in 1832. More than 3,000,000,000 of feet of long lumber have been surveyed since, the amount in 1866 being 237,147,006 feet, besides staves, laths, clapboards, pickets, &c. In 1860, 737 saw mills employed over $4,049,608 and 4,400 hands, producing lumber valued at $6,598,865. Various causes, some of them national rather than local, have depressed the interests of ship building. The State for many years furnished one-third of the tonnage of the United States. The number of vessels built in 1860 was 172, a greater number than in any other State except New York, and the tonnage, 57,867, was even greater than that. The statistics gathered by the Ilydrographic survey, though not yet complete, give 1,900 water powers from 20 to 20,000 horse power each, making an aggregate of about 400,000 horse power. Though not so extensively engaged in manufactures as some of the other New England States, there were in 1860, 3,810 manufacturing establishments, each producing $5,000 and upwards annually, of which 19 were cotton factories, employing $6,018,325 capital and 6,764 hands, and producing goods valued at $6,235,623. In some parts of the State agriculture is successfully conducted, with returns satisfactory to the agriculturist. The railroad interests have already contributed to the increase of commerce in the principal seaports, and several new railroads now building or contemplated, will when completed furnish increased facilities and add to the wealth of the State. Products, 1866. Bushels of corn, 1,624,239; wheat, 193,150; rye, 156,649; oats, 2,653,626; barley, 742,619; potatoes, 6,146,725; hay, 957,772 tons. Banks. September 30, 1868, there were 61 National Banks, with $9,085,000 capital. Railroads. There are six hundred and thirty-two miles of railroads which cost $22,466,124. 189.] , 357 THlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 15. MARYLAND. Capital, Annapolis. Area, 11,124 square miles. Population, 687,049. This state was settled at St. Mary, in 1634, by Roman Catholics under Cecil and Leonard Calvert. It was one of the original thirteen states, formed a constitution, August 14, 1776 and ratified the constitution of the United States, April 28, 1788. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAMES. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor...........................ODEN BOWIE.................Prince George's Co.....$4,500 Secretary of State...................RICHARD C. HOLLYDAY......Talbot Co.............. 2,000 Tireasurer........................ ROBERT FOWLER.............Baltimore Co........... 2,500 Comptroller.................... WM. J. LEONARD............Wicomoco o........... 2,500 Commissioner of Land Offce........GEO. L. L. DAVIS............. Baltimore City......... 1,500 Adjutant General...................JOHN S. BERRY..............Baltimore Co........... 2,000 Attorney General..............ISAAC D. JONES..............Baltimore City......... 3,000 State Librarian.....................HENRY A. SILVER............Baltimore City......... 1,500 Supt. of Labor and Agriculture..... W. S. MCPHERSON.........Frederick Co........... 2,500 The executive power of the state is vested in a Governor chosen by the legal voters of the state, for four years and until a successor shall be qualified. The last election for governor was held in November, 1867. In case of the death, resignation, removal or disqualification of the governor, the General Assembly must elect some other qualified person. In case of any vacancy during the recess of the Legislature, the President of the Senate is to discharge the duties of the office until a governor is elected. The Secretary of State, Commissioner of the Land Office, Adjutant General, and State Librarian are appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and continue in office during the official term of the governor, unless removed by him. The Treasury Department consists of a Comptroller chosen by the qualified electors of the state and a Treasurer appointed by the legislature, both to hold office for two years. The Attorney General and the Superintendent of Labor and Agriculture are chosen in the same manner and at the same time as the governor, and the term of office is the same. The official residence of the above named officers is at Annapolis. Each of the 21 counties in the state and each of the three Legislative Districts of Baltimore City is entitled to one Senator, 24 in all. The House of Delegates is composed of 86 members, 18 from the city of Baltimore, and 68 from the different counties, apportioned by the constitution partly according to population, but limiting the city of Baltimore and larger counties. Senators are elected for four years, and Delegates for two years, but the present senate is divided into two classes, the term of office of the first class will terminate in 1869, and half the Senate will be elected biennially with the House of Delegates in the years intervening between those in which elections for representatives in Congress are held. Persons holding any office under the United States, and ministers of the Gospel are not eligible to either house. The General Assembly meets once in two years on the first Wednesday in January, 1870, &c., and may continue for a period not longer than ninety [1869. 358 v-E t 4. 1i il a! days. The pay of Senators and Delegates is $5 per day for each day's attendance, and mileage, at the rate of 20 cents per mile. The presiding officer of each house receives an additional compensation of $3 per day. Every white male citizen of the United States of the age of 21 years or upwards, who has resided in the state one year, and in the Legislative District or County in which he offers to vote, for six months, is entitled to vote. JUDICIARY. The judicial power of the State is vested in a Court of Appeals, Circuit Courts of the Counties, the various Courts of Baltimore City, Orphans' Courts, and Justices of the Peace. The Judges must be citizens of the State of Maryland, and have resided therein not less than five years, and not less than six months next preceding their election or appointment in the Judicial Circuit for which they may be elected or appointed; they must be not less than thirty years of age at the time of their election, and be selected from those who have been admitted to practice law in this state, and who are most distinguished for integrity, wisdom, and sound legal knowledge. The Court of Appeals is composed of the Chief Judges of the first seven of the several Judicial Circuits of the state, and a Judge from the City of l Baltimore specially elected thereto. The Govemor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate designates the Chief Justice. / The Court of Appeals has appellate jurisdiction only, which is co-exten sive with the limits of the state. Four of the Judges constitute a quorum; no cause can be decided without the concurrence of at least three; but the Judge who heard the cause below must not participate in the decision. The state is divided into eight Judicial Circuits, namely: The counties of Worcester, Somerset, Wicomico, and Dorchester, constitute the First Circuit; Caroline, Talbot, Queen Ann's, Kent, and Cecil, the second; Baltimore and Harford the third; Allegany and Washington, the fourth; Carrol, Howard, and Anne Arundel, the fifth; Montgomery and Frederick, the sixth; Prince George's, Charles Calvert, and Saint Mary's, the seventh; and Baltimore City, the eighth. In each of said circuits (excepting the eighth) there must be a Chief Judge and two Associate Judges, styled Judges of the Circuit Court. In the Eighth Circuit there are six courts, styled the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, the Superior Court of Baltimore City, the Court of Common Pleas of Baltimore City, the Baltimore City Court, the Circuit Court of Baltimore City, and the Criminal Court of Baltimore City. The Judges of the Judicial Circuits are elected.hy,.th qnalified voters of their respective ( circuits. The term of office is fifteen years or until the Judge shall have attained the age of ) seventy years. The Clerks are elected by the people and hold their office for six years. v UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Salmon P. Chase. District Judqe, William P. Giles. Distnict Attorney, A. S. Ridgely. Uarshial, Wm. Bonifant. Clerk of Circuit and Distsict Courts, James W. Chew. COURT OF APPEALS. Ch7ief Judge, James L. Bartol, Baltimore, $3,500. The other Judges are the Chief Judges of the first seven Judicial Circuits following. Clerk, James S. Franklin, Anne Arundel Co., $3,000. Reporter, J. Shorff Stockett, Annapolis, $500 and copyright of reports. CIRCUIT COURTS. 1st Circuit-ChTief Judge, James A. Stewart, Cambridge. Associate IJudges, Worcester Co., John R. Franklin, Snow Hill; Somerset Co., Levin T. H. Irving, Princess Anne. 2d Circuit-ChiefJudge, John M. Robinson, Centerville. Associate Judges, Kent Co., Joseph A. Wickes, Chestertown; Caroline Co., Frederick Stump, Elkton. MARYLAND. 1869.] 359 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 3d Circuit-Chief Judge, Richard Grason, Towsontown. Associate Judges, Baltimore Co., George Yellott, Tow sontown, Harford Co., Alfred W. Bateman, Belair. 4th Circuit- Chief Judge, Richard H. Alvey, Hagerstown. Associate Judges, Washington Co., William Motter, Hagerstow n; Allegany Co., Thomas Perry, Cumberland. 5th Circuit- Chief Judge, Oliver Miller, Annapolis. Associate Judges, Howard Co., Edward Hammond, Ellicott City; Carroll Co., William N. Hayden, Westminster. 6th Circuit-Chief Judge, Madison Nelson, Frederick City. AssociateJudges, Frederick Co., John A. Lynch, Frederick City, Montgomery Co., William Viero Bouie, Frederick City. 7th Circuit- Chief Judge, George Brent, Port Tobacco. Associate Judges, Calvert Co., Daniel R. Magruder, Prince Frederick; St. Mary's Co., Robert Ford, Leonardtown. BALTIMORE CITY COURT. Supreme Bench- Chief Judge, T. Parkin Scott, assigned to the Baltimore City Court. Associate Judges, George W. Dobbin, assigned to the Superior Court. Campbell W. Pinkney, assigned to the Circuit Court (Equity). Henry F. Garey, assigned to the Court of Common Pleas. Robert Gilmore, Jr., assigned to the Criminal Court. Clerks-Superior Court, George Robinson; Circuit Court, James R. Brewer; Court of Cornmnw Pleas, I. Freeman Rasin; Criminal Court, William F. McKewen. , TERMS OF COURTS. Tihe Court of Appeals holds its sessions in the city of Annapolis on the first Monday in April and October. The Circuit Courts are held as follows: Allegany County, at Cumberland, 1st Monday in January, 2d(1 Monday in April, and 1st Monday in October. Anne Arundel County, at Annapolis, 3d Monday of April, and 4th Monday of October. Baltimore County, at Towsontown, 1st Monday in March, 3d Monday in May, 4th Monday in August, and 1st Monday in December. Calvert County, at Prince Frederick. 2d Monday in May, and 2d Monday in October. Caroline County, at Denton, 2d Monday in March, and 1st Monday in October. Carroll County, at Westminster, 2d Monday in May, and 2d Monday in November. Cecil County, at Elkton, 2(1 Monday in January, 1st Monday in April, and 83d Monday in September. Charles County, at Port Tobacco, 1st Monday in May, and 1st Monday in December. Dorchester County, at Cambridge, 4th Monday in January, April and July, and 2d Monday in November. Frederick County, at Frederick City, 2d Monday in February, and 3d Monday in October. Harford County, at Bel Air, 2d Monday in May, and 2d Monday in November. Howard County, at Ellicott City, 3d Monday in March, and 1st Monday in September. Kent County, at Chestertown, 3d Monday in April, and 3d Monday in October. Mlontgomery County, at Rockville, 1st Monday in February, and 2d Monday in August. Prince George'S County, at Upper Marlboro, 1st Monday in April, and 1st Monday in November. Queen Anne's County, at Centerville, 1st Monday in May and November. St. M[ary's County, at Leonardtown, 3d Monday in March and November. Somerset County, at Princess Anne, 2d Monday in January and July, and 1st Monday in April and October. Talbot County, at Easton, 3d Monday in May and November. Washington County, at Hagerstown, 1st Monday in March, 4th Monday in July, and 2d Monday in November. Wicomico County, courts to be held at Salisbury, but terms not yet established by the General Assembly. Worcester County, at Snow HIill, 3d Monday in Jannary, May, July and October. FINANCES. Balance on hand, September 30, 1866, Receipts on sundry accounts, - Total, - - - Disbursements on sundry accounts, Balance on hand September 30, 1867, CHIEF SOURCES OF REVENUE. Auction duties.....................$11,986.28 Northern Central R. R. Co..........$90,000.00 Bank Stocks, Dividends and Sales.. 50,866.54 State Scales...........................8,099.31 Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co....... 490,121.28 State Tobacco Inspections..........55,050.41 . [1869. 360 -. $367,816.36 1 2,362,876.88 - $2,730,693.24 2,573,855.24 - $156,838.00 MARYLAND. Bounty to volunteers-repayments...79,050.00 Government House-proceeds of sale.25,000.00 Fines and Forfeitures.................5,119.51 Grain Inspections....................5,996.93 Interest on Personal Accounts........2,958.35 Land Office........................... 2,155.12 Land Scrip for Agricultural College.112,504.00 Licenses.............................428,486.28 Loans-temporary..................100,000.00 DISBURSEMENTS. Annapolis and Elk Ridge R. R......$2,940.45 Asylum for the Blind................15,000.00 Antietam National Cemetery......... 3,000.00 Ag. College Scrip...................100,000.00O Bounty to volunteers, &c...........335,397.56 Contingent Funds of State Officers... 33,868.52 Colleges.............................. 28,650.00 Convention-expenses of...........109,535.33 Civil Oflicers-salaries of.............24,170.83 Deaf and Dumb...................... 6,450.00 Defence Loan........................27,905.52 Disabled Soldier's Home.............. 5,003).00 Eastern Shore R. R. and Corporation.52,397.33 STATE DEBT. The total debt of the state, October, 1868, was $11,712,190.45; amount of stocks held for sinking fund, $1,591,509.71; other dividend paying stocks, $5,547,470; total, $7,137,979.71; unproductive stocks and balances due from accounting officers, $20,601,926.86. EDUCATION. The colleges which receive State donations, are St. John's, Annapolis; Washington, Kent County; the Agricultural, Prince George County; Baltimore Female College, in Baltimore city. Most of them were suspended during the late civil war, but they have been re-organized and are now extending their means of influence. St. John's College was re-opened, September 18, 1866, with about sixty students. It has a well defined and comprehensive course of study, and offers peculiar advantages to students from the State. The number is gradually increasing. The general supervision of Public Schools is committed to the Principal of the State Normal School, who is elected by a Board of the Normal School Trustees, appointed by the Governor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. There is a Board of County School Commissioners, composed of one Commissioner for each election district, chosen by the people. The commissioners have power to divide the counties into school districts, to levy and collect taxes for school purposes, and establisly schools of different grades. Two trustees are elected annually in each school district, who, with the school commissioners of the election district in which the school house is situated, constitute a School District Board which has the care and control of all houses and lands connected therewith, intended for school purposes, within the limits of their respective districts. The County School Commissioners 189.] 361 Southern Relief Fund Invested in pro ceeds of Ag. College Scrip........ 100,000.00 Susquehanna and Tide Water Canal Company.......................... 60,000,00 Taxes...............................714,950.70 Miscellaneous........................20,533.17 Balance September 30, 1866..........367,816.36 $2,730,693.24 House of Refuge..................... 15,000.00 Interest on the Public Debt......... 732,129.27 Judiciary............................. 60,631.22 Legislature.........................158,755.43 Maryland Penitentiary............... 23,000.00 Public School Tax.................. 406,832.55 Southern Relief Fund............... 100,000.G0 State Ag. College.................... 21,000.00 Miscellaneous....................... 312,191.23 Balance in Treasury September 30, 1867............................... 156,838.00 $2,730,693.24 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. appoint County Examiners, who examine teachers and give certificates of two grades to continue in force not longer than three years. The State Normal School was opened January 15, 1866, with 11 students; the fist term closed with 48, the second with 71, the third with 93, and 110 were in attendance the fifth term. In September, 1866, a Model School was established in connection with it. A Teachers' Institute, to continue five days may be held during vacation in each county once a year, and the County Examiner must be present, and give normal instruction to the teachers each day. Common Schools. Whole number of schools, 1,279; increase, 30; whole number of pupils in attendance-boys. 40,168; girls, 30,892; total, 71,060; increase. 6,267; average attendance-boys, 28,379; girls, 21,409; increase, 6,138; different teachers-males, 892; females, 666; total, 1,558; increase, 25; average number of teachers-males, 740; females, 542; total, 1,282; increase, 132. Average number of schools, 1,205; increase, 114; number of months schools were open, 9. Amount paid for teachers' salaries, $405,257.62; increase, $48,577.12; amount paid for incidental expenses, $28,080.85; decrease, $1,656.24; amount paid for rent of school houses, $2,866.42; increase, $277.10. Total cost of schools, $436,204.89; increase, $47,197.98; cost of each different pupil, $6.14; cost of each average pupil, 9 months, $8.74. Whole number of school houses reported, 1,264; increase, 45; whole number of school houses built, 45; increase, 28; school houses in good condition, 390; in ordinary condition, 448; in bad condition, 354; condition not reported, 72; well furnished, 251; badly furnished, 911; not reported, 102; provided with maps and globes, 139. Receipts from State 15 cent. tax for 1866 and arrearages of 1866, $296,550.68; state free school fund, $62,675.98; state donations to public schools, $15,300.00; interest on permanent funds, $16.049.58; local tax in counties, $92,032.94; other sources, $14,652.59; balance in the treasuries July 31, 1866, $33,198.89; total, $530,460.66. Number of pupils studying each branch as reported -spelling, 46,255; reading, 40,005; writing, 82,588; arithmetic, 29,119; geography, 18,881; English grammar, 10,591; history, 5,960; book-keeping, 486; algebra, 500; natural philosophy, 1,099; botany, 68; rhetoric and composition, 168; vocal music, 1,000; geometry, 14; Latin, 83; Greek, 7. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The Maryland Hospital for the Insane at Baltimore is under the supervision of a Board of Visitors, composed of one member for each county. The Penitentiary has within the last two years secured increased accommodations by the erection of additional buildings, but is still cramped in its means of usefulness for the want of greater facilities. Maryland Hospital for the Insane, Baltimore. JoHN FONERDEN, M. D., M1edical Superirtendent. Number of patients in hospital Jan. 1, 1867-males, 61; females, 40; total, 101. Admitted during the year-males, 87; females, 28; total, 115. Discharged-recovered, 60; improved, 21; unimproved, 6; died, 16; total, 103. Remaining January 1, 1868-maies, 64; females, 49; total, 113. Of these 52 are paying, and 61 public patients. Maryland Penitentiary, Baltimore. JOHN W. HORN, Warder,. Number of prisoners, November 30, 1866, 636. Received during the year, 367. Discharged-by expiration of sentence, 199; by pardon, 108: died, 15; escaped, 2; total, 324. Remaining November 30, 1867, 679. Of thlose received during the year-white males, 141; white females, 3; colored males, 175; colored females, 48; total, 367. Occupation-farm hands, 192; laborers, 181; waiters, 29; sailors, 23; houseservants, 67; shoemakers, 13; clerks, 12; barbers, 9; soldiers, 8; miscellaneous, 145; total, 679. Cause of commitment-larceny, 285; stealing, 119, assaults with various intents, 54; burglary, 29; horse stealing, 26; arson, 16; felony, 14; murder, 13; robbery, 11; murder in 1st degree, 6; murder in 2d degree, 25; miscellaneous, 81; total, 679. Term of sentence-i1 year and less, 68; between 1 and 3 years, 191, 3 and 5 years, 14,3; 5 and 7 years, 110; 7 and 10 years, 69; 10 and 15 years, 54; 15 and 20 years, 27; 20 and 38 years, 13; life, 9; total, 679. Age-between 12 and 20, 178; 20 and 25, 223; 25 and 30, 120; 30 and 40, 101; 40 and 50, 42; 50 and 70, 15; total, 679. Habits-strictly temperate, 161; moderate drinkers, 34; occasionally intemperate, [1869. 362 481; habitually intemperate, 3; total, 679. Grade of education-can read and write, 224; can only read, 74; cannot read or write, 381; total, 679. The early settlers of Maryland were principally from England and Ireland, and a few from Scotland. The freedom of worship, and the peaceable relations existing between the emigrants and the Indians, contributed to the prosperity of the colony. The population at different periods was as Whites Free colored Slaves Total breette per teal. 1790...........208,649...........8,043..........103,036.319,728. 1800...........216,326..........19,587..........105,635..........341,548...........6.82 1810...........235,117..........33,9?..........111,502..........380,546...........11.42 1820...........260,223..........39,730..........107,397..........407,350...........7.04 1830...........291,108..........52,938..........102.994..........447,040...........9.74 1840...........318,204...........2,078...........89,737..........470,019...........5.14 1850...........417,943..........74,723...........90,368..........583,034..........24.04 1860...........315,918..........83,942...........87,189..........687,049...........17.84 The United States Census of 1860 shows that 137,258 natives of Maryland were then residing in other states, and 40,694 natives of other states were residents of Maryland. The native population was 88.72 per cent. and the foreign 11.28, of which 6.39 per cent. was German, but in the city of Balti'more the proportion of foreign population was nearly 25 per cent. The establishment of a line of steamers between Baltimore and Bremen it is believed will facilitate the immigration of Germans. The introduction of slaves from abroad was prohibited in 1783; and in 1860 there were 87,189 sTaves in the Columbia. The soil and climate of Maryland are favorable for the production of wheat, Indian corn and other grains, fruits and tobacco; in 1860 it was the fourth state in the amount of the latter product, and in the amount in proportion to the number of acres of cultivated land no state surpassed it except Kentucky. Baltimore has long been celebrated for the excellence of its flour and the manufacture of this article is an important branch of industry. Fruit is raised in large quantities and forwarded to the Northern markets. The Iron and coal mines are worked with profit, and in some portions of the state other minerals contribute to wealth. The commerce of Baltimore is annually increasing. The exports of grain, flour, tobacco, and other products employ a large number of vessels. About 5,000,000 bushels of oysters are annually taken to this city and put up for exportation. More than 16,000,000 cans of fruit, oysters, and vegetables, are prepared for market every year. The value of this trade is upwards of $5,250,000. Products for 1866. Indian Corn, 15,024,176 bushels. value, $13,972,483; wheat, 4,383,708 bushels, value, $12,882,101; rye, 476,770 bushels, value, $553,053; potatoes, 1.401,832 bushels, value, $1,121,465; tobacco, 29,963,672 pounds, value, $3,086,258; hay, 181,341 tons, value, $3,675,782; oats, 7,056,145 bushels, value, $3,880,880. Banks. There are 32 National Banks with capital amounting, September 30, 1868, to $12,790,202.50. 1869.] MARYLAND. 363 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 16. MASSACHUSETTS. Capital, Boston. Area, 7,800 square miles. Populalion, (1865), 1,267,031. This State includes the original colonies of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay; the former was settled at Plymouth, in 1620, and the latter at Salem, in 1628. The colonies remained under separate governments until united by the charter of 1688. Massachusetts was one of the original thirteen States, adopted a constitution in 1780, and ratified the constitution of the United States in 1788. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor........................ WILLIAM CLAFLIN............Newton................$5,000 Lieurlenant Governor................. JOSEPH TUCKER..............Lenox..................* Secretary......................... OLIVER WARNER.............Northampton.......... 2,500 Treasurer andl Receiver General.....JACOB LOUD..................Plymouth................3,000 Auditor.............................HENRY S. BRIGGS............Pittsfield............. 2,500 Attorney General................. CHARLEs ALLEN..............Boston..................3,500 Sec. Board Education...............JOSEPH WHITE...............Williamstown............3,000 Sec. Board Agriculture..............CHARLES L. FLINT...........Boston..................2,500 EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. DISTRICT. NAME. RESIDENCE. DISTRICT. NAME. RESIDENCE. First.....-.. S. UNDERWOOD... Dennis...Fifth.... ROLAND G. USHER... Lynn. Second... CHARLES ENDICOTT.. Canton. Sixth... THOMAS TALBOT.......Billerica. l Third....THOMAS RICE, JR....Newton. Seveeth.. CHARLES ADAMS, Jr.. N. Brookfield. F'orth...OTtIs NORCROSS....... Boston. Eighth.. HORATIO G. KNIGHT..Easthampton. MASSACHUSETTS STATE MILITIA. Gov. and Commander-in- Chief.... WILLIAM CLAFLIN........................Newton. Major General......................BENJAMIN F. BUTLER......................Gloucester. Adjutant and Inspector General... JAMES A. CUNNINGHAM....................Boston. Assistant Adjutant General........NEHEMIAH BROWN...................... Boston. Quartermaster General.............JOHN H. REED............................Boston. Deputy Quartermaster General.....SAMUEL E. CHAMBERLAIN.................Cambridge. Surgeon General.................... WILLIAM J. DALE......................... Andover. Assistant Surgeon General.........ANSON P. HOOKER........................ Cambridge. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary, Treasurer, Auditor, and Attorney General are chosen by the legal voters of the State on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November.nnua ll, and hold office one year from the first Wednesday in January. Eight councilors, one from each council district, the senators, 40 in number, and representatives, 240 in number, are chosen at the same time as the Governor, and hold office for one year. The Senate and House of Representatives constitute the Legislature, styled the "General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts." The pay of Councilors is $5 for each day's attendance, and $2 for every ten miles of travel. The pay of Senators and Representatives, $5 for each day's attendance at the session, and $1 for every five miles of travel from place of abode. The President of the Senate and Speaker of the House receive $10 for each day's attendance. Every male citizen, 21 years of age, able to read the constitution in the English language, and write his name, who has resided in the State one year, *For attendance at sessions of Executive Councils, $10 a day, and $1 for every five miles travel from place of abode. [li69-. 364 MASSACHUSETTS. and in his election district six months, and has paid a tax within two years, is entitled to vote. Paupers and persons under guardianship are excluded. JUDICIARY. The Supreme Judicial Court consists of one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices. It has exclusive cognizance of all capital crimes, and exclusive chancery jurisdiction so far as chancery powers are conferred by statute, and concurrent original jurisdiction of all civil cases where the amount in dispute exceeds $4,000 in Suffolk county, and $1,000 in the other counties. The Superior Court consists of a Chief Justice and nine Associate Justices. It has civil jurisdiction in all cases where the amount in controversy exceeds $20, and criminal jurisdiction in all, except capital cases. The judges of both,," courts are appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of) the Council, and hold their offices during good behavior. UNITED STATES COIJRTS. Circuit Judge, Nathan Clifford. District Judge, John Lowell. District Attorney, George S. Hillard. Asst. District Attorneys, W. A. Field, H. D. Hyde. Marshal, George L. Andrews. Deputy Marshals, J. B. Keyes, W. S. Cobb, S. W. Richardson. Clerk Circuit Court, John G. Stetson. Clerk District Court, Seth E. Sprague. SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT. Chief Justice, Reuben A. Chapman, Springfield. Associate Justices, Ebenezer R. Hoar, Concord; Horace Gray, Jr., Boston; Dwight Foster, Boston; John Wells, Chicopee; James D. Colt, Pittsfield. Reporter, Albert G. Browne, Jr., Boston. Clerk, George C. Wilde, Boston. Assistant Clerk, George W. Nichols, Boston. Salary of Chief Justice, $5,500; of Associate Justices, $5,000. SUPERIOR COURT. Chief Jutstice, Seth Ames, Boston. Associate Justices, Julius Rockwell, Pittsfield; Otis P. Lord, Salem; Marcus Morton, Andover; Ezra Wilkinson, Dedham; Henry Vose, Springfield; John P. Putnam, Boston; Lincoln F. Brigham, New Bedford; Chester J. Reed, Taunton: Charles Devens, Jr., Worcester. Salary of Chief Justice, $4,500; of each Associate Justice, $4,200. DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. Northern District, Isaac S. Morse, Lowell. Eastern District, Edgar J. Sherman, Lawrence. Southern District, George Marston, Barnstable. South Eastern District, Edward L. Pierce, Milton. Middle District, William W. Rice, Worcester. Western District, Edward B. Gillett, Westfield. North Western District, Samuel T. Spaulding, Northampton. Suffolk County, J. Wilder May, Boston; Assistant, Patrick R. Guiney. Salary of Attorney for Suffolk County, $3,500; of Assistant, $2,100; of each of the others, except in the North Western District, $1,500; in N. W. District, $1,000. TERMS OF SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT. For Barnstable and Dukes Counties, at Barnstable, 1st Tuesday of May; Berkshire Co., at Lenox, 2d Tuesday of May; Bristol Co., at New Bedford, 2d Tuesday of November, and at Taunton, 3d Tuesday of April; Essex Co., at Salem, 3d Tuesday of April, and 1st Tuesday of November; Franklin Co., at Greenfield, 2d Tuesday of April; Hampden Co., at Springfield, 4th Tuesday of April; Hampshire Co., at Northampton, 3d Tuesday of April; Middlesex Co., at Lowell, 3d Tuesday of April, and at Cambridge, 3d Tuesday of October; Nantuckcet Co., at Nantucket, 1st Tuesday of July; Norfolk Co., at Dedham, Sd Tuesday of February; Plymouth Co., at Plymouth, 2d Tuesday of May; Suffolk Co., at Boston, 1st Tuesday of October and April; Worcester Co., at Worcester, 2d Tuesday of April. As the Supreme Judicial Courtfor the Commonwealth, it holds a law term in Boston on the first Wednesday of January, in each year, which term may be adjourned from time to time, to 1869.] 365 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. such places and times as may be most conducive to the dispatch of business, and the interests of the public; and all questions of law, whether arising upon appeal, exception, or otherwise, and from whatever court, are therein entered and determined, if the same arise in either of the following counties: Suffolk, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth, Bristol, Barnstable, Dukes, or Nantucket. Law terms of this court are also held, annually, for Berkshire Co., at Lenox, 2d Tuesday of September; Hamnpden Co., at Springfield, 3d Monday after 1st Tuesday of September; Hampshire and Franklin Co's, at Northampton, Monday next after 2d Tuesday of September; Worcester Co., at Worcester, 4th Tuesday after 1st Monday of September; Plymouthb Co., at Plymouth, 3d Tuesday of October; Bristol Co., at Taunton, 4th Tuesday of October. On May 1, 1S68, a law term was established at Salem, for 1st Tuesday of November, annually. FINANCES. Balance on hand, January. 1st, 1868, - Receipts on account of Ordinary Revenue,Receipts on account of Sundry Funds, $18,395,152.59 Payment on account of Ordinary Expenses, - Payment on account of Sundry Funds and Loans, Cash on hand January 1st, 1869, - - - $5,908,678.45 11,324,541.31 - 1,161,932.80 $18,395,152.59 STATE DEBT. The total debt of the Commonwealth on the first day of January, 1869, was $27,735,870.05. The debt may conveniently be classified as follows: The railroad debt, the ante-war debt, the war debt, and the temporary debt. The amount of these several classes of debt, January 1, 1869, was as follows: The Railroad Debt.....................................................$9,142,176.00 Ante-War Debt.................................................... 1,092,000.00 War Debt.........................................................16,573,244.00 Temporary-Debt................................................... 928,450.05 $27,735,870.05 The Railroad Debt is composed of the following: The Western Railroad Debt............................................$3,578,696.00 Eastern Railroad Debt.............................................. 200,000.00 Norwich and Worcester Railroad Debt............................. 400,000.00 Boston, Hartford and Erie Railroad Debt........................... 290,400.00 Troy and Greenfield R. R. and Hoosac Tunnel Debt................4,673,080.00 $9,142,176.00 By the Act of 1862, the principal and interest of all scrip or bonds of the Commonwealth are required to be paid in gold or silver coin. This applies to the whole funded debt, except the Massachusetts war loan of $3,505,000, issued in 1866-7, which is a 6 per cent. currency 5-20 scrip. CIHIEF SOURCES OF REVENUE. ESTIMATE FOR 1866. 1867. 1868. State Tax........................................ $3,000,000.00.....$5,000,000.00...... Savings Bank Tax..................................311,848.33........ 361,889.35.......$370,000.00 Corporation Tax, net receipts..................... 1,210,694.56...... 1,498,937.49........ 346,000.00 366 [1869. - $2,363,895.67 5,109,936.23 - 10,921,320.69 MASSACHUSETTS. ESTIMATE FOR 1866. 1867. 1868. Coal and Mining Companies' Tax...................$31,598.79........$31,292.61........$31,000.00 Semi-Annual Insurance Tax........................113,103.28....... 121,188.31....... 121,000.00 Annual Tax on Insurance by Foreign Co's..........64,566.92....... 80,355.82....... 80,000.00 Life Insurance Companies' Tax.......................5,631.96..........8,757.22..........8,700.00 Courts of Insolvency Fees............................8,047.96..........8,019.00..........8,000.00 Gas Light Companies' Tax...........................2,989.18..........5,638.25..........5,600.00 Alien Passengers..................................... 24,038.58....... 22,479.50........ 22,500.00 From Cities and Towns for Support of Paupers......6,214.59..........6,452.82..........6,400.00 Alien Estates.........................................3,907.24............657.01..........1,000.00 Income from State Prison............................90,260.32........118,011.10......... 25,000.00 Income from Reform Schools........................18,735.36....... 23,517.02......... 23,500.00 Income from State Alms-houses...................... 1,823.42.......... 4,066.12..........5,000.00 Secretary's Fees and Commissions.................... 8,154.95.......... 5.227.32..........5,000.00 Income from Funds................................. 161,828.26....... 208,677.92........ Pedlers' Licenses..................................... 3,000.00....... 15,580.00....... 15,000.00 Interest on Deposits................................. 29,203.08......... 42,633.74......... 40,000.00 Miscellaneous.......................................203,936.39......... 42,261.87....... 15,000.00 $5,299,683.17 $7,605,642.47 $1,128,700.00 ORDINARY EXPENSES. ESTIMATE FOR 1866. 1867. 1868. Legislature........................................$247,123.57.......$284,860.65.......$238,000.00 Executive Department...............................19,878.40....... 25,623.74........ 25,000.00 Secretary's Department..............................24,939.46......... 24,120.90.........24,000.00 Treasurer's Department..............................15,627.08......... 12,856.38.........13,000.00 Tax Commissioner's Bureau......................... 14,002.31....... 14,728.61.........14,500.00 Auditor's Department...............................10,660.88....... 11,883.64.........12,000.00 State House Expenses............................... 20,433.95....... 12,041.01......... 30,500.00 State Printing........................................46,267.94....... 54,736.82.........55,000.00 Judiciary........................................... 203,326.85........194,849.14........213,600.00 Insurance Commissioner.............................2,579.71.........14,160.63......... 23,500.00 Scientific............................................33,347.60.........21,361.92......... 27,000.00 Charitable..........................................391,482.26........424,752.63...... 440,000.00 Military.............................................203,075.75........213,015.32........200,000.00 Reformatory and Correctional......................330,075.22........371,207.69...... 250,000.00 Corporation Tax*..................................960,650.42......1,122,815.82........ Miscellaneous............................... 0.......13,380.00.......5,000.00 $2,537,741.62.....$2,816,394.!90..... $1,5,1,100.00 Extraordinary and Exceptional Expenses.........4,192,971.67......4,195,909.64 Total..................................... $6,730,713.29.....$7,012,304.54 TRUST FUNDS OF THE COMMONWEALTt. There are 17 different and distinct funds held by the Treasurer of the Commonwealth. Of these, 9 are sinking funds established to secure the redemlption at maturity of certain classes of State scrip, to provide means for the erection of buildings for charitable and correctional institutions; the enlargement of the State House; the improvement of the Back Bay lands, (Boston), and in aid of certain railroad enterprises. Five of the remaining funds are for educational purposes, and two for the maintenance and support of bridges. The amount of these funds, on the 1st of January, 1868, was $10,948,192.44; December 31, 1868, it was more than $12,000,000. *Returned to cities and towns. 1869.] 367 THE AMIERICAN YEAR BOOK AND REGISTER. EDUCATION. This State has either by legislative action or private contributions and efforts, established educational institutions of all grades and for all classes, which are maintained with commendable liberality. Harvard University, at Cambridge, the oldest college in the country, has, besides its under-graduate course, faculties of divinity, law, medicine, philosophy, and science. The Lawrence Scientific School, founded through the munificence of the late Hon. Abbott Lawrence, and connected with the University, is amply endowed, and has the finest Museum of Scientific Zoology in the countlv. There are five other incorporated colleges, and fifty-five incorporated academies, many of which have a well-merited reputation for excellence. The Law and Medical Schools of Harvard University, and the Theological Seminaries at Andover, Cambridge, and Newton, have given a professional education to many students from other States as well as from Massachusetts. The Board of Education, which consists gf the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and eight members appointed by the Governor and Council, has the general oversight of the Normal Schools, Public Schools, and of Educational Statistics. The trustees, officers, or persons in charge of every institution of learning, whether literary, scientific or professional, public or private, and of all reform schools or alms houses, are by law required to report to the Board on or before the first day of June in each year, giving such statistics as the Board shall prescribe. The Board appoints a Secretary who is its chief executive officer, and who gives his whole time to the supervision and improvement of Common Schools. Each town elects a School Committee of three persons, or a number which is a multiple of three, who examine teachers, visit schools, and have a general oversight of the schools of the town. In the cities and some of tihe larger towns, the school committee appoints a superintendent who has the immediate charge of the schools. The number of school districts is annually diminishing, there being 323 less in 1867 than in 1866, and 672 less than in 1861. Where the districts are abolished, the schools are managed entirely by the towns. Each town having 500 or more families is by law required to maintain a public high school. Provision for the special education of teachers is made in four State Normal Schools, two of which are for both sexes, and two for female teachers only. A Girls' High and Normal School, and an efficient Training School, are also maintained by the city of Boston, for preparing teachers for primary schools. Teachers' Institutes are held annually under the direction of the Sccretary of the Board of Education. SCHOOL STATISTICS FOR 1867. Public Schools. Number of cities and towns, 335; number of school districts, 1,935; number public schools, 4,838; number of persons between 5 and 15 years of age, 261,498; number of scholars of all ages in public schools,-in summer, 235,241; in winter. 237,364; average attendance,-in summer, 189,149; in winter, 190,954; ratio of mean average attendance for the year, 73; number attending public schools under 5 years of age, 3,899; over 15 years, 21,976. Number of teachers in summer-males, 439; females, 5,287; total, 5,726; number of teachers in winter-males, 936; females, 4,871; total, 5,807; number of different teachers during the 368 [1869. year: males, 1,020; females, 6,789; total, 7,759. Average wages of male teachers per month, $66.92; female teachers, $26.44; average length of public schools, 8 months and 2 days. Amount raised by taxes for support of public schools, $2,.355,505.96; amount received from surplus revenue and similar funds, $4,443.64; voluntary contributions, $32,870.20; income of local school funds for schools and academies, $69,208.06; income of state school funds received by towns and cities, $62,641.15; aggregate amount expended for public schools, exclusive of building and repairing school houses, $2,531,740.62; amount for each child in the state between 5 and 15, $9.72; number of high schools, 148; number of cities and towns maintaining high schools, 110. Academies and Private Schools. Number of incorporated academies, 55; average number of scholars, 3,696; amount paid for tuition, $143,522.79; number of private schools and academies, 553; estimated average attendance, 14,417; tuition in same, $416,194.13. Normal School, Bridgewater. A. G. BOYDEN, Principal. Number of pupils admitted in 1867,-ladies, 35; gentlemen, 11; total, 46. Average age of ladies, 18.5 years; of gentlemen, 19.8 years. Number who had previously taught,-ladies, 16; gentlemen, 3; total, 19. Whole number in attendance in 1867,-ladies, 73; gentlemen, 28; total, 101. Graduates,-ladies, 21; gentlemen, 5; total, 26. Whole number of pupils since the commencement of the school, 1,586; whole number of graduates, 1,001. Normal School, Framingham. Miss ANNiE E. JOHNSON, Principal. Number of pupils admitted in 1867, 58; number graduated, 44; number left without graduation, 97; whole number for the year, 159. Average age of advanced class, 21.25 years; of senior class, 20.2 years; of other classes, 18 years. Normal School, Salem. D. B. HAGAR, Principal. Number of pupils admitted in 1867, 82; average age, 18.12; number who had previously taught, 18; whole number of pupils in 1867, 195; number of graduates, 41; whole number of pupils since the opening of the school in 1854, 1,087; whole number of graduates, 463. Normal School, Westfield. J. W. DICKINSON, Principal. Number of pupils admitted in 1867,-ladies, 70; gentlemen, 14; total, 84. Average age of ladies, 18.9 years; of gentlemen, 18.6 years. Whole number of pupils in 1867,-ladies, 146; gentlemen, 18; total, 164. Graduates, 30. Whole number of pupils since the opening of the school, 1,862; of graduates, 412. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. The Charitable Institutions are under the charge of a Board of State Charities which has under its care 10 institutions owned by the state, viz: 3 Lunatic hospitals; 4 Pauper establishments; and 3 Juvenile Reformatories. There are also 11 institutions aided by the state, either by the support of indigent persons connected with them, or by specific appropriations. The Lunatic Hospitals, located at Northampton, Taunton, and Worcester, all receive state, town, and private patients, but the state patients at Northampton are chiefly persons transferred as incurable from the other hospitals. The institutions are in good condition, and seem to have been wisely managed, but the Board recommends some changes in their organization and material arrangement, which are indicated in certain cardinal principles which it proposes to observe in its action. These are: 1. That it is better to separate and diffuse the dependent classes than to congregate them. 2. That we ought to avail ourselves as much as possible of those remedial agencies which exist in society: the family, social influences, industrial occupations, and the like. 3. That we should enlist, not only the greatest amount of popular sympathy, but the greatest number of individuals and of families in the care and treatment of the dependent. 4. That we should avail ourselves of responsible societies and organizations which aim to reform, support or help any class of dependents; thus lessening the direct agency of the state and enlarging that of the people themselves. 5. That we should build public institutions only in the last resort, and that these should be kept as small as is consistent with a wise economy. The hannrmless insane, the idiotic, the aged and helpless paupers are placed at the alms house at Tewksbury; children of proper school age are sent to Mon 24 MASSACHUSETTS. 369 169.] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. son where the state has a primary school, and persons sentenced to a workhouse are confined at Bri(igewater. The State Reform School for boys, at Westborough, and the Massachusetts Nautical School, established on board two ships at Boston and New Bedford, are the principal juvenile reformatories for boys; at the former, the pupils, when not in school, are employed in seating chairs, making boxes, farm labor and domestic work. During the appropriate season, more than 100 boys were employed upon the farm and gardens. Boys are selected from the higher grades of behavior, and placed in three family houses connected with the institution. The Fa(trm House and the Garden House, each receiving 30; and the Peters' lIouse, for younger boys, 24 at a time. For the year 1867, the value of produce raised by the Garden House family was $4,246.23, and $361.49 was received for seating chairs; total, $4,607.72. By the Farm House family, produce raised, $3,455.04; received for seating chairs, $263.77; total, $3,718.81. At the Peters' House, the value of produce was $920.49, and of paper baskets and husk mats made, $315.34; total, $1,235.93. The State Industrial School for Girls was inaugurated in 1856. The family system has been adopted, there being five famlilies, with accommodations for 30 girls in each, where Christian influences are thrown around the inmates. The School for Idiotic and Feeble Minded Youth, at South Boston, and the Perkins' Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind, are for most purposes, regarded as state institutions, receiving indigent pupils, and mainly supported by state appropriations. The Massachusetts General Hospital, the Eye and Ear Infirmary, the Washingtonian Home, the Discharged Soldiers' Home, the Temporary Asylum for Discharged Female Prisoners, the Home for the Friendless, the New England Moral Reform Society, and the Agency for Discharged Convicts, also receive aid from the State, and an annual appropriation is made for educating state pupils at the "Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb," in Hartford, Conn., and at the Clarke Institution for Deaf Mutes, Northampton. State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester. MERRICK BEMIS, M.D., Superintendent. Number of patients in the hospital, Oct. 1st, 1866,-males, 190; females, 191; total, 381. Admitted during the year,-males, 154; females, 134; total, 288. Whole number under treatment during the year,-males, 344; females, 325; total, 669. Number of patients discharged during the year,-males, 167; females, 147; total, 314;-recovered, 158; improved, 101; unimproved, 12. Number died during the year,-males, 26; females, 17; total, 43. Remaining Sept. 30th, 1867,males, 177; females, 178; total, 355. Of the 288 admitted during the year, 126 were State patients; at the beginning of the year 129 of this class were in the hospital; at the close, 101. Of those discharged as recovered, 63 had been under treatment not more than 3 months; 47 from 3 to 6 months; 28 from 6 months to a year; and 20 for a longer period. Supposed cause of insanity of those admitted during the year,-epilepsy, 16; ill health, 85; paralysis, 16- old age, 5; turn of life, 13; puerperal, 8; loss of friends, 5; domestic trouble, 4; intemperance, 20; masturbation, 29; miscellaneous and unknown, 87; total, 288. There were, unmarried, 133; married, 120; widowed, 33; unknown, 2. Occupation of those admitted, of males,blacksmiths and iron-workers, 4; clerks, 9; farmers, 17; laborers, 40; merchants, 6; machinists, 6; mill operatives, 12; physicians, 4; restaurators, 4; boot and shoe makers, 15; miscellaneous, or with no occupation, 10. Age of those admitted,-less than 15 years of age, 3; 15 to20,18; 20to30,63; 30to40,71; 40to 50,62; 50 to 60,35; 60to70, 23; 70 to80,9- 80 to 90, 4. Whole number admitted since Jan. 18th, 1833, 7,902; whole number discharged, 7,547; as recovered, 3,715; improved, 1,520; not improved, 1,351; died, 961; eloped, 3, males admitted, 3,937; discharged, 3,787; recovered, 1,791; died, 491; females admitted, 3,965; discharged, 3,787.; recovered, 1,924; died, 470. 370 [1869. State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton. GEORGE C. S. CHOATE, Sup)erintedennt. Number in institution Sept. 30th, 1866,-males, 163; females, 178; total, 841. Number admitted during the year,-males, 129; females, 136; total, 265; committed by court, 207; from State alms houses, 5; boarders, 53. Whole number under treatment,-males, 292; females, 314; total, 606. Number admitted in the autumn, 69; winter, 51; spring, 71; summer. 74. Number discharged,males, 85; females, 99; total, 184; recovered, 90; improved, 32; unimproved, 62. Number remaining Sept. 30th, 1867,-males, 179; females, 197; total, 376. Age of those admitted,under 20, 18; 20 to 30, 73; 30 to 40, 70; 40 to 50, 44; 50 to 60, 28; 60 to 70, 21; 70 to 80, 7; over 80, 4. Civil condition,-married, 108; unmarried, 129; widowed, 28. Nativity,-Americans, 129; Americans, Irish parents, 5; Irish, 117; German, 10; miscellaneous, 4. Causes of insanity,-ill health, 49; intemperance, 41; masturbation, 7; religious excitement, 9; domestic trouble, 9; child-birth, 5; epilepsy, 8; injury, 6; loss of friends, 7; old age, 6; sunstroke, 8; miscellaneous or unknown, 110. Whole number admitted since the opening of the institution, 3,117; discharged, 2,145; recovered, 1,182; improved, 329; unimproved, 634. State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton. PLINY ]EARLE, Sunpe~?bteident. Number in hospital Sept. 30th, 1866,-males, 182; females, 223; total, 405. Admitted during the year,males, 61; females, 77; total, 138. Whole numbl)er,-males, 243; females, 300; total, 543. Discharged,-males, 45; females, 38; total, 83; recovered, 41; improved, 33; unimproved, 9. Died,-males, 23; females, 24; total, 47. Remaining Sept. 30th, 1867,-males, 175; females, 288; total, 413. Supposed causes of insanity,-ilI health, 11; epilepsy, 14; intemperance, 14; overwork, 6; anxiety, 13; hereditary, 11; miscellaneous or unknown, 69. Occupation of males,farmers, 10; laborers, 8; merchants, 8; clerks, 4; mechanics, 11; miscellaneous, or with no occupation, 20. Civil condition,-married, 52; unmarried, 67; widowed, 14; unknown, 5. Ages of those admitted,-from 10 to 20, 4; 20 to 30, 35; 30 to 40, 39; 40 to 50, 28; 50 to 60, 18; 60 to 70, 10; 70 to 80, 4. Nativity,-Americans, 81; Irish, 46; miscellaneous or unknown, 11. State Alms House, Tewksbury. THOMAS J. MARSH, Supeintenident. Number in the institution Oct. 1st, 1866, 707; admitted during the year, 2,689; discharged during the year, 2,710; supported, 3,396; deaths, 260; births, 76; remaining Oct. 1st, 1867, 686. In the Asylum for Harmless Insane, there were, Oct. 1st, 1866,-males, 74; females, 71; total, 145; admitted during the year,-males, 86; females, 131; total, 217; making the whole number admitted,males, 160; females, 202; total, 362. Absconded during the year,-males, 21; females, 1; total, 22. Discharged by Board,-males, 13; females, 24; total, 37. Died, —males, 29; females, 26; total, 55. Whole number discharged,-males, 63; females, 51; total, 114. Remaining Oct. 1st, 1867,-males, 97; females, 151; total, 248. State Alms House, Monson. JOHN M. BREWSTER, Supenintedendent. Number in alms house Oct. 1st, 1866, 176; number admitted since, including 30 births, 1,068, total, 1,244. Discharged or deserted, 827; transferred to State Primary School, 124; died, 154. Remaining Oct. 1st, 1867,-males, 109; females, 130; total, 239. Whole number admitted since the opening of the institution, 16,016; number of deaths, 888; number of children indentured, adopted or placed in families, 977. Number in State Primary School, Oct. 1st, 1866, 385; admitted during the year, 334; total, 719. Discharged, 82; removed, 213; died, 6; total, 301. Remaining in the school Oct. 1st, 1867,-boys, 308; girls, 110; total, 418. Number of teachers,-males, 1; females, 6; total, 7. State Alms House, Bridgewater. L. L. GOODSPEED, SupHnterIdeant. Number in the house Oct. 1st, 1866, 311; number admitted, including 40 births, 341; number in the house during the year, 652; died, 58; discharged, 469. Remaining Oct. 1st, 1867,-males, 70; females, 55; total, 125. Work-house department, number of convicts received during the year,-males, 77; females, 175; total, 252. Died during the year, 3. Remaining Oct. 1st, 1867,-males, 55; females, 161; total, 216. Whole number in both departments, 341. Number admitted to the hospital, 363; died, 58; discharged, 248; remaining, 120. State Reform School, Westborough. ORVILLE R. HUTCHINSON, Supentendent. Number in the school Sept. 30th, 1866, 332; committed during the year,-by the Superior Court, 17; by Probate Court, 99; total, 116; received from Nautical School, 2; apprentices returned by masters, 19; apprentices returned voluntarily, 17; having left places, 8; total received during the year, 162; whole number in the school during the year, 494. Of these were,-apprenticed, 98; released on probation, 72; transferred to Nautical School, 1, eloped, 2; died, 2; total, 175. Remaining Sept. 30th 1867, 319. State Industrial School for Girls, Lancaster. MARCus AMES, Superntendent. Number in the institution Oct. 1st 1866, 187; received during the year, 77; returned from indentures, 18; returned from hospital, 4; upon recommitment, 3; having no other home, 8; totaL 247. Indentured during the year, 61; returned to friends, or placed at service, time having expired, 5; discharged as unsuitable, from ill health, &c., 5; discharged to parents, or good 1869.] MASSACHUSETTS. 371 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. homes, 10; over 18 years of age, supplied with places, 6; sent to hospital, 8; total, 90. Remaining Oct. 1st, 1867, 157. Since the school was opened there have been received, 600; returned from indentures, 84; returned from hospital, 13; recommitted, 6; returned, having no other home, 13; total, 716; excess by returns and recommitments, 116; number of individuals, 600. Now under indenture, 81; delivered to friends, or who have completed indenture, 343; discharged as unsuitable, 53; dismissed to friends, 49; sent to hospitals and alms houses, 28; died, 3; escaped, 2; now in school, 157; total, 716; excess by returns, 116; number of individuals, 600. Massachusetts Nautical School. RICHARD MATTHEWS, Superintendent. Number in School Ship, Oct. 1st, 1866, 258; received from State Reform School, 1; returned from probation, 8; returned voluntarily, 2; returned from desertion, 5; committed during the year, 254; whole number, 528. Number transferred to the Reform School, 2; enlisted in U.S. Navy, 2; enlisted in U.S. School Ship Sabine, 1; shipped in merchant serv,ice and whaling, 108; discharged on probation and to learn trades, 117; died, 2; sent to State Work House, 2; deserted, 7; total, 241. Remaining Oct. 1st, 1867, 287. School for Idiotic and Feeble Minded Youth, Boston. S. G. HOWE, M.D., Superinteendt. This school is open to the beneficiaries of Massachusetts, and to all others of this and every state and country who will pay the cost. Since the school was opened under the corporation in 1851, applications have been made for the admission of pupils,-from Massachusetts, 345; other states, 61; other countries, 23; total, 429; of whom 363 have been admitted. There were in the school Oct. 1st, 1866, 70; received during the year, 14; total, 84. Discharged, 16; remaining Oct. 1st, 1867, 68. Average attendance since 1860, 64. CRIMINAL STATISTICS. In addition to the Workhouse at Bridgewater, which is sometimes classified as a state prison, there are thirty-eight institutions for the confinement of criminals, viz: One State Prison, 20 Jails, 16 Houses of Correction, and 1 House of Industry. State Prison, Charlestown. GIDEON HAYNES, Warden. The whole number of convicts, October 1st, 1866, was 518; number received during the year, 128; number discharged,-by expiration of sentence, 91; by remission of sentence, 13; by death, 7; to insane hospital, 1; total discharged, 112. Number of prisoners September 30th, 1867,534; of whom 45 were between 15 and 20 years of age; 174 from 20 to 25; 108 from 25 to 30; 115 from 30 to 40; 61 from 40 to 50; 22 from 50 to 60; and 9 from 60 to 70;-58 were sentenced 2 years, or less; 117 from 2 to 3; 145 from 3 to 5; 112 from 5 to 10; 51 from 10 to 25; and 51 for life. The warden is required by law to keep a record of each convict, and for every month that the convict observes the rules of the prison, and is not subjected to punishment, there shall be a deduction from the term of his sentence, as follows: From a term of less than three years, one day; from a term of three, and less than seven years, two days; from a term of seven, and less than ten years, four days; from a term of ten years, or more, five days. 202 convicts were from Massachusetts; 149 from other states, and 183 were from foreign countries. Whole number, 646; average number, 537; total expense, $97,039.28; receipts. $118,011.10; profits, $20,971.82. County and City Prisons. Total number of persons remaining in confinement in county and city prisons, Sept. 30th, 1866,-males, 1,825; females, 634; total, 2,459. Number committed in 1867,-males. 8,013; females, 2,871; total, 10,884. Number of persons discharged during the year,-males, 7,906; females. 2,757; total, 10,663. Number remaining in confinement Sept. 30th, 186, —males, 1,932; females, 748; total, 2,680. Ii the state prison none but males are received; number of commitments, 128; of whom 108 were adults, and 20 minors. Of the whole number of prisoner, there were natives of Massachusetts, 3,125; of other states, 1,602; of other countries, 6,158. Parents both American, 2,251; parents both temperate, 7,811; parents both or either convicts. 150. Number that have had no education, 3,313; could read and write, 2,162; have had a common school education. 5,389; have had a superior education, 21; married, 4,890; were intemperate, 8,809; had property to the value of $1,000, 444; had been in army or navy, 3,139; had been in Reform school, 158. Number who had been in prison before, 4,448; committed for crimes against the person,-males. 1,118; females, 158; total, 1,276; for crimes against property,-males. 2,686; females, 505; total, 3,191; for crimes against public order and decency, -males, 4,973; females, 2,599; total, 7,572; miscellaneous causes of commitment,-males, 219; females, 22; total, 241. Expense of county prisons. $292,640.73; receipts for labor of prisoners, $73,427.34; deficit, $219,213.39. House of Industry, expenses, $59,149.87; receipts, $2,617.87; deficit, $56,532. 372 [1869. 1860.1 MASSACIIUSETTs. 373 ~~~ 0 0~0oO ~~CO ~0~ o ~~0 ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~.~ 2 - o ~0~ ~~~~~~~ ;.~~:~ ~ i.~ ~ ~Cp: 0 ______________ 0 ~:~~~~:~~ ~ ~.~.~ ~.- ~-. ~;..~~:~~ o cO ~~~ ~:- t~~.~.~~~. S ~0 ________________________________ - 0 0 z -~ 2~o~~~~~~~~~.0.~~ 0 0 ~~0 ~~~~0~ ~9o~~~OO~~~~ ~ ~ c..~~:~c~0~~~o~ ~ ~ &mdash; 0~ - -~~~~0~~0 &mdash;~~ ~ - p:0 ~ 0 ____________ 0 ____________ .~~:~::: ~ - ~~~~~~~c~~~ ~ ~:~ ~~~ 0 0 _______________ ~ 0 ~.~.~..~-.~ ::0.~O. ~ 0~. :::~~~ ~..,... ~ ~.~...~~ ~~~~~~~~~-~ ~ ~ C`.-:~::-~ 0 ~~~~O~~~~~ ~ ________ I 0.0....0. :::.0:: C.~ ~ 2:~:~:~~. :: ~ -~~-~~-r~ ~ -~C ~ ~C~ ~ ~~~~~C~~~ ~~~~~~~~~C C~ C~ .~ oC~C~0~C~~ TIlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The first regular census of Massachusetts was the colonial census of 1765, when the entire population was 238,425. In 1790, the United States census showed an increase in 25 years of 58.79 per cent., the greatest increase being ill the western or newer portions of the state. The next census, for 1800, gave an increase of 11.63 per cent., but in Suffolk county, it was 33 per cent., and in the other eastern counties, the rate was greater thanin other parts of the state. In 1865, there were 166 towns in the state, each having less population than in 1855. The geographical center of the state is in the city of Worcester, but more than 75 per cent. of the inhabitants are east of this place, the center of population being within two miles of the state house in the city of Boston. The aggregate increase for 100 years, from 1765 to 1865, was 431.14 per cent., the population at different periods being as follows: 1765...........238,423 1800..........422,845 1830..........610,408 1855.......... 1,182,364 1776...........293,296 1810..........472,040 1840..........737,700 1860........... 1,231,066 1790........3...78,787 1820..........523,287 1850..........994,514 1865.......... 1,26(7,031 During the ten years from 1855 to 1865, the whole number of births was 337,07, of which 51.20 per cent. were males; 48.,35 per cent. females, and 1.194 per cent. not stated; of deaths, 231,165; excess of births, 105,892. In 1865, the number of males in the state was 597,222; of females, 659,642; excess of females. 62,420. Of the 1,267,031 inhabitants on the first day of June, 1865, 999,976 were born in the United States, of which number 828,156 were natives of Massachusetts, and 171,720 were born in other states and territories; 265,486 were foreign born, and the place of nativity of 1,569 persons was not stated. In 1850, there were 199,582 natives of Massachusetts resident in other states, and 134,830 natives of other states in Massachusetts, showing the excess of native emigration to have been 64,752. In 1860, the natives of Massachusetts in other states were 244,503; natives of other states in Massachusetts, 160,637; an excess of emigration of 83,866. In 1865, the natives of other states in Massachusetts numbered 171,720. Of the 265,486 foreign born returned by the census of 1865, the large number of 183,177, constituting 65.99 per cent., or more than two-thirds of the whole number of foreigners, were natives of Ireland; 32,390, or 12.18 per cent., were born in British America; 25,229, or 9.50 per cent., in England; 11,125, or 4.19 per cent., in Germany; 6,967, or 2.62 per cent., in Scotland; and 1,110, or.42 of one per cent., in France. There were 10,167 colored persons in the state, of whom 2,348 were in Boston, and 1,517 in New Bedford. In 58 towns, there was no colored person. The per centag,e of colored persons to the whole population was.8 of one per cent. Of persons over 20 years of age, unable to read and write, 50,110 w.vere returned, of whom 19,134 were males, and 80,976 females. Of these, 1,012 males and 961 females were American born, and 18,122 males and 30,015 females were of foreign birth. The number of illiterate among the American boin is 1.97 to 1,000; among the foreign, 181.32 to 1,000. The number of deaf and dumb was 561, of whom 500 were American born, and 61 foreign. The number of blind was 762; 567 of American and 195 of foreign parentage. The whole number of idiotic and insane was 8,254, of whom 2,560 were American born, and 694 of foreign birth. Of 362,432 males employed ill different occupations, there were,-of agriculturists, 59,116; factory operatives, 13,577; laborers, 52,747; mariners, 18,978; manufacturers, 3,903; mechanics, 148,604; merchants and clerks, 42,496; professional men, 9,914; miscellaneous, 13,277. The principal occupations in which females were engaged were,-domestics. 27,393; operatives, 20,152; teachers, 6,050; seamstresses, 4,381; shoe-workers, 4,110; tailoresses, 3,855; dress-makers, 3,487; straw and palm leaf workers, 2,804; and milliners, 2,388. Number of dwellings in the state in 1865, 208,698; number of families, 269,968. The first report of the industrial statistics authorized and published by this state in 1838, exhibited an annual amount of industrial products of $86,000,000; the second, in 1845, gave $124,000,000, or an increase in 7 years of 44 per cent.; the third, in 1855, gave the amount as 295,000,000, or an 374 [1869. MASSACHUSETTS. increase in 10 years of 138 per cent.; and the last, in 1865, reached the sum of $517,240,613, an increase for the last decade of 74 per cent. The aggregate capital invested in 1865 was $174,499,950, giving employment to 271,421 persons engaged in manulacturing, and 08,636 in agricultural pursuits. The greatest product of cotton goods was in Bristol county, $11,836,081; of woollen goods in Worcester county, $12,917,388; of boots and shoes in Essex county, $18,011,107. In 1860, Massachusetts ranked as the first state in the manufacture of cottons, woolen goods, and boots and shoes, the value of the product of cotton being more than twice that of any other state or more than that of all the states out of New England; in'woollen goods more than twice that of any other state except Pennsylvania, and in hoots and Produacts. 1865-Value. Capital. Hands. 1865-Value. Capital. Hands. Cotton.................$54,436,881...$33,293,986....23,678 $26,140,538...$31,961,000....34.,787 Calico and Dclaine.......25,258,703.....4,222,000.....4,208 5,213,000.....1,980,000.....1,157 Woolen............. 48,430,671....14,735,830....18,433 12,105,514.......7,305,500....10,090 Paper.....................9,008,521.....3,785,300..... 3,554 4,141,847.....2,564,500.....2,630 Rolled Iron and Nails.....8,836,502.....2,827,300.....3,194 5,512,816.....2,342,825.....3,025 Printing & Newspapers...5,358,148.....1,919,400.....2,409 1,351,318...... 749,550.....1,134 Clothing................ 17,743,894.....4,634,440....24,722 9,061,896.....2,770,600..... 1,758 Tanning and Curlying...15,821,712.....4,994,93.3.....3,847 10,934,416.....4,152,426.....3,148 Boots and Shoes............52,915.243....10,067,474....55,160 37,489,923.........74,326 Whale Fishery............6,618,670.....5,879,862.....3,496 7,666,996....14,546,548.... 11,364 Mackerel & Cod Fishery.. 4,832,218.....3,757,761....11,518 2,829,640.....3,696,436....10,551 The value of horses. oxen and cows in 1865, was $19,154,790; of hay, $13,195,274; of beef, $118,228,859; of pork, 4,775,892; and of butter, cheese and honey, $2,265,296. Number of horses in the state, 97,244; number of cows, 144,561; number of sheep, 137,352. Corporations. From the enactment, in 1851, of the law authorizing the corporate association of three or more persons, to January 1, 1867, or 16 years, 700 companies were organized with a capital of $115,236,983, which was increased in 1867, to $116,905,908. In that year, 87 companies were organized, with a capital of $9,721,000, and 10 companies reduced their capital $1,921,&80, leaving the voted capital of 787 companies, January 1, 1868, $124,705,108, of which there remained of the capital paid in, $112,373,895. An act relating to the formation of co-operative associations was passed in 1866, underwhich 13 such associations were organized, with a capital of $64,335, divided into 8,577 shares, of which 6,690 are held by 2,152 stockholders. Nov. 1, 1867, assets, $69,603; liabilities, $41,857. Periodicals. The whole number of newspapers and periodicals in the state, in 1867, was 18 daily; 2 tri-weekly; 10 semi-weekly; 125 weekly; 1 tri-monthly; 7 bimonthly; 42 monthly; 9 quarterly; and 5 annual; total, 219; of which 125 were in Boston. Assessments. The number of taxable polls, May 1, 1867, was 315,742; amount of tax on same, $664,120. Assessed value of real estate, $708,165,117; personal estate, $457,728,296; total, $1,165,893.413. Total tax for state, town and county purposes, $19,104,074. Number of acres of land taxed, 4,429,954. Total valuation in 1868, $1,220,305,339. Banks. There were, Oct. 1, 1868, 207 National Banks, with a paid up capital of $80,032,000. Savings Banks. Number doing business in 1867, 108; number of depositors, 48,593; increase over the previous year, 31,740; amount of deposits, $80,431,583; increase, $12,699,319; number of accounts opened during the year, 81,102; number closed, 46,084; amount of public funds held, $29,960,219; bank stock. $10,921,364; deposits in banks bearing interest, $1,524,328; loans on mortgage of real estate, $21,259,349; loans to counties and towns, $6,577,803; loans on personal security, $9,636,996. Number of Savings Banks in 1868, 115; amount of deposits, $94,838,336.54. Insurance Companies. Number incorporated by the state, (not including life and accident companies), 93; number doing business in Massachusetts, but chartered in other states, 84; number of English companies doing business in the state, 4; ratio of loss in 1867,-in joint stock companies, fire loss, $4.06 on each $1,000 at risk; marine loss on same amount, $48.46; the ratio of marine losses to amount of premiums received in 1867, was 105.2 per cent. In the mutual companies, the ratio of fire loss was $1.28 on each $1,000 risk; marine loss on same amount, $46.16. 1869.] 375 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 17. MICHIGAN. Capital, Lansing. Area, 56,451 square miles. Population (1864), 803,745. This State was settled in 1670, by the French, at Detroit. At the peace of 1763, it came under the dominion of Great Britain. It was a part of the territory ceded to the United States by Virginia; was set off from Indiana, and erected into a separate territory in 1805, and admitted into the Union as a State, January 26, 1837. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. qVey nor.......................... HENRY P. BALDWIN........... Detroit.............. $1,000 Lieutenant Governor................MORGAN BATES...............Grand Traverse..........* &cretary of State...................OLIVER L. SPAULDING........St. Johns.................:800 Treasurer...........................EBEN 0. GROsVENOR.........Jonesville...............1,000 Auditor General..............WILLIAM HUIMPrHREY............ Adrian............1,000 Corn. Land Office...................BENJ. D. PRITCHARD.........Allegan.................. 800 Attorney General............. DWIGT MAY................ Kalamazoo.............. 800 Stperintendent of Public Iistrmction.ORAMrL IIOSFORD............Olivet................... 800 Secretary Board of Agricultutre.....SA,NFORID HOWARD...........Lansing..................1,500 Adjutant General...................JOHN ROBERTSON............Detroit................... The above officers are chosen by the legal voters every two years, on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday in November. Senators, 32 in number, and Representatives, not exceeding 100 in number, constitute the Legislature of Michigan. They are chosen every second year at the general election in November. The Legislature assembles in regular session, on the first Wednesday in January biennially, in the odd years 1869, 1871, &c. To qualify a resident to vote, he must be above the age of twenty-one, must have resided in the State three months, and in his election district ten days. Subject to these qualifications, every white male citizen, and every white male inhabitant residing in the State on the 24th of June, 1835, or on the 1st of January, 1850, who shall have legally declared his intention to become a citizen six months before an election, or who shall have resided in the State two years and six months, having declared his intentions, and every civilized male Indian not a member of any tribe, is entitled to vote. JUDICIARY. The judicial power is vested in one Supreme Court, in Circuit Courts, Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court has a general superintending control over all inferior courts. It has power to issue writs of error, habeas corpus, mandamus, quo warranto, procedendo, and other original and remedial writs, and to hear and determine the same. In all other cases it has appellate jurisdiction only. The court consists of four judges, chosen at an election held for the purpose on the first Monday in April. The Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction in all matters, civil and criminal, not prohibited by-law, and appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts and tribunals. They have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, injunction, quo warranto, certiorari, and other writs necessary to carry into * $4 per day during session of Legislature. -. \,., I t [1869. 376 effect their judgments, &c., and to give them general control over inferior tribunals within their jurisdiction. The Judges of the Supreme Court hold their offices for eight years, one judge retiring every second year unless re-elected. The clerk of the county holdin the court is clerk of the Supreme Court. Judges of the Circuit Court are chosen by the people of their respective districts, at the elections held in April, to hold office for six years. Prosecuting officers are elected by the people of each county, to hold office for two years. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, NoahH. Swayne. DtstrictJdrdge-Easte?rn District, RossWilkins; Western -District, Solomon L. Withey. District Attorney-Eastern District, Alfred Russell; IVestern Dis- trict, Angustus D. Griswold. Mars7hals-Eastern District, N. S. Andrews; Western District, James HIIenry. Cerk of Circuit Court-Eastern District, William D. Wilkins; Western District, Isaac H. Parish. Clerk of District Court-Eastern District, John Winder; Western District, Isaac H. Parish. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, Thomas M. Cooley, Ann Arbor, elected in 1867. Associate Justices. James V. Campbell, Detroit; Benjamin Graves, Niles; Isaac P. Christiancy, Monroe. Salaries, $2,500 each.. CIRCUIT COURTS. Judges. 1st Circuit, Franklin Johnson, Monroe; 2'2d Circuit, Nathaniel Bacon, Niles; 3d Circuit, Jared Patchen, Detroit; 4th Circuit, Edwin Lawrence, Ann Arbor; 5th Circuit, George Woodruff, Marshall; 6th Circuit, James S. Dewey; 7th Circuit, Josiah Turner, Owosso; 8th Circuit, Louis S. Lovell, Ionia; 9th Circuit, Flavius J. Littlejohn, Allegan; 10th Circuit, Jabez G. Sutherland, Saginaw; 11th Circuit, D. Goodwin, Detroit; 12th Circuit, Clarence E. Eddie; 13th Circuit, J. G. Ramsdell; 14th Circuit, M. B. Hopkins. Salaries, $1,800 each. TERMS OF SUPREME COURT. At Lansing on the Tuesdays succeeding the first Monday in January and July; and at Detroit on the Tuesdays succeeding the first Monday in April and October. FINANCES. Balance of cash in the treasury, Nov. 30, 1866, - Amount received during the fiscal year, - - $579,007.82 - 1,697X390.32 $2,276,397.64 - 1,694,283.68 $582,113.96 Amount disbursed during the fiscal year, Showing balance in the treasury, Nov. 30, 1867, - The receipts and expenditures on account of the principal funds, were as follows: EXPENDITURES. RECEIPTS. Normal School Interest Fund..................................$9,528.00.................$2,062.77 Two Million Loan Sinking Fund..............................58,000.00.................. Primary School Fund....................................... 120.00................112,955.44 Primary School Interest Fund...............................144,733.81................ 52,506.36 War Fund.....................................108.967..50.............. 17.50 Asylum Fund................................................137,375.17............... 3,148.16 General Fund................................................791.308.10.............1,078,116.70 Swamp Land Fund..........................................362,791.64................376,377.14 Normal School Fund......................................................... 1,824.92 Internal Improvement Fund................................. 8,678.55................ 12,127.33 MICHIGAN. 377 1s86] ' i~''," I', rir,c, THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK AND REGISTER. EXPENDITURES. RECEIPTS. University Interest Fund....................................$39,004.83................$12,692.45 St. Mlary's Falls Ship Canal Fund............................ 7,315.00................ 18,905.61 Soldiers' Home Fund........................................ 7,000.00................ War Loan Sinking Fund.................................... 12,000.00................ University Fund............................................ 120.00................ 19,402.37 Military Fund................................................ 7,013.00................ Swamp Land Interest Fund................................ 319.71............... 6,559.36 State Building Fund..................................... 37.................... 694.21 The net proceeds from tax collections, tax sales, &c., amounted to $607,863.70, and the receipts from specific taxes were, from Railroad and Railway Companies, $163,915.97; National Banks, $34,212.30; Insurance Companies, $52,210.22; miscellaneous, $986.93; total, $251,325.42. The following sum was applicable to and set apart for the several sinking funds during the year: $270,628.22. The amount charged and chargeable to the funds was, $363,879.11; showing the sinking funds overdrawn, $93,250.89. The Sault Rene~ Two: War] War ] The Adjus Full-l Two ] War ] $60,0( 45,314.20 Total bonded debt of the State...............................................$3,655,814.20 EDUCATION. The University of Michigan enjoys a high degree of prosperity. The course of instruction is broad, embracing such a wide range of elective studies, that the requirements of all may be met. The University has three departments, viz.: Literature, Medicine, and Law, and the Literary Department has six parallel courses of study. The number of students in 1867 was greater than ever before, and greater than in any other American College. The Superintendent of Public Instruction in his report for 1867, gives an account of five other colleges, all prosperous. The Agricultural College has been obliged to refuse many applicants, for want of room. The State Normnnal School at Ypsilanti, opened in 1854. The course of study embraces a Normal Training course, and a Higher Normal course. The Model or Experimental School, has four distinct departments, in which the pupils of the Normal School practice in actual teaching, during their 378 [1869. studies in the Normal School. The Superintendent of Public Instruction has the general supervision of public education in the State. The system of Township school inspection was abolished in 1867, and County Superintendents substituted. The new system of supervision has operated favorably. A series of Teachers' Institutes is held in the spring and autumn, under the direction of the State Superintendent. County Superintendents also hold Institutes in a few of the counties. The State has three distinct school funds, which at the close of the year 1867 amounted as follows: Primary School Fund, 7 per cent.............................$2,149,350.15 " " 5 "............................... 151,824.15 $2,301,174.30 University Fund, 7 per cent....................................... 557,883.00 Normal School Fund, 6 per cent............................................. 66,636.69 Total................................................................$2,925,643.99 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. ERASTUS C. HAVEN, D.D. LL.D., President. Number of Instructors, 31: Number of students-Science, Literature and the Arts-Seniors, 37; Juniors, 46; Sophomores, 72; Freshmen, 99; in Mining and Engineering, 5; in selected studies, 41; in Iigher Chemistry, 35; total, 335; Medicine and Surgery, 525. Law-Seniors, 153; Juniors, 242; total in all departments. 1,255. Graduates in 1867: Mining Engineering, 2; Civil Engineering, 6; Bachelor of Science, 10; Bachelor of Arts, 27; Master of Science, 6; Master of Arts, 6; Doctor of Medicine, 82; Bachelor of Law, 146; LL.D. Honorary, 1; total, 286. Total of receipts, $66,909.14; total of expenses, $58,847.99; balance in the treasury, $8,061.15. State Normal School, Ypsilanti. D. P. MAYHEW, Principal. Winter term of 1866-7: Number of pupils-i Classes A and B. 70; in Class C, 50; in Class D, 48; in Class E, 24; total, 192. Summer Term of 1867: Number of pupils-in Classes A and B, 50; in Class C, 48; in Class D, 26: in Class E, 18; total, 142. Fall Term of 1867: Number of pupils-in Classes A and B, 86; in Class C, 82; in Class D, 52; in Class E, 20; total, 240. Public Schools. Number of counties, 58; number of townships, 774; number of districts, 4,744; number of new districts organized, 182; number of children, 338,244; number attending school, 243,161; number attending school under five or over twenty years of age. 6,422; average length of schools in months. 6.2; number of districts having rate-bills, 2,480; number of districts in debt, 1,423; number of township libraries, 181; number of district libraries, 1,472; number of volumes in all, 140,469; number of volumes added during the year, 8,353; number of stone school houses, 73; number of brick school houses. 375; number of wood school houses. 3,509; number of log school houses, 665; number of graded school districts, 179; number of children in same, 100.701; average length of said schools, in months, 8.85; number of visits-by county superintendents-summer term, 2,484; by directors-in the year, 7,432; number of male teachers, 2,007; number of female teachers, 7,377; number of months taught-by male teachers, 7,681; by female teachers, 29,729; average wages per month-males, $44.03; females, $19.48; amount paid for library books, $12,158.90; receipts from fines, $10,976.21; value of school houses in the State, $3,361,567. Receipts for 1867-on hand at commencement of year, $192,602.02; two-mill tax, $287,967.63; Primary School Fund, $142,913.25; rate-bills, $107,170.91.; tuition of non-resident scholars, $21,557.22; district taxes to pay teachers, $332,842.13; other district taxes, $541,462.06; tax on dogs, $25,812.92; from all other sources. $331,082.65; total, $2,011,236.01. Expenditures for 1867: paid teachers-males, $336,054.98; females, $572,234.52; total, $908,289.,o50; paid for building purposes, $545,437.30; paid for all other purposes, $287,701.66; amount on hand at close of year, $303,156.00; expense of board as above estimated, $299,280.00; total, $2,310,305.83. Private Schools. Number of private schools, 257; number of pupils in private schools, 10,703. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, which was organized in 1854, has a larger number of pupils than ever before. 1869.] MICHIGAN. 379 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The Asylum for the Insane was opened in 1859. The grounds comprise 167 acres; the buildings first erected were crowded with patients in 1866, but additional accommodations have been provided. The number of convicts in the Penitentiary, which was 630 in January 1861, decreased until May 1865, when there were only 262, but in Nov. 1867, there were 582, an increase of 302 in two and a half years. The convicts are employed principally in the manufacture of cabinet-work, agricultural tools, cigars and in finishing leather. The earnings of the prisoners in 1867, amounted to $57,866.58, under the old contract prices. The present prices will increase the amount. The State Reform School was founded in 1853, and opened in 1856. The Detroit House of Correction, though not strictly a State Institution, receives persons from any part of the State convicted of offences punishable by imprisonment in county jails, and employs them in making chairs, under the direction of the prison officers. Michigan Asylum for the Education of the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, Flint. EGBERT L. BANGS, Principal. Whole number of pupils, 1867-deaf and dumb, 106; blind, 20; total, 126. " Michigan Asylum for Insane, Kalamazoo. E. H. VAN DEUSEw, M.D., Superintendent. Number of patients ill Asylum, Dec. 1, 1866-males, 78; females, 94; total, 172. Received during the year-males, 36; females, 34; total, 70. Whole number treated-males, 114; females, 128; total, 242. Number of patients discharged during year-males, 36; females, 37; total, 73. Recovered, 28; improved, 11; unimproved, 24; died, 10. Remaining Dec. 1, 1867-males, 78; females, 91; total, 169. Supposed cause of insanity-hereditary, 25; ill health, 139; puerperal, 32; domestic trouble, 29; grief and anxiety, 27; epilepsy, 19; over exertion, 33; popular errors, 10; vicious habits, 39; domestic affliction, 14; intemperance, 13; business perplexities, 9; fright, 8; injury to the head, 6; miscellaneous and unknown, 274; total, 677. Civil conditionsingle, 291; married, 337; widowed, 47; unascertained, 2; total, 677. Age of those admittedfrom 10 to 20, 52; 20 to 30, 225; 30 to 40, 168; 40 to 50, 117; 50 to 60, 70; 60 to 70, 34; seventy and upwards, 4; unascertained, 12; total, 677. Michigan State Prison, Jackson. H. H. BINGUAM, Agent. Number in prison Nov. 30, 1866, 502. Number received during the year, 254. Number discharged-by expiration of selntence, 161; pardoned, 2; died, 2; escaped, 9; total, 174. Remaining Dec. 1, 1867, 582. Terms for which those received during the year were sentenced-one year and less, 742; 1 to 2 years, 62; 2 to 3 years, 47; 3 to 4 years, 16; 4 to 6 years, 303; 7 to 10 years, 12; 13 to 20 years, 7; 21 years, 1; 30 years, 1; life solitary, 6; total, 254. Age of those sentenced-16 to 20 years, 61; 20 to 30 years, 127; 30 to 40 years, 34; 40 to 50 years, 18; 50 to 60 years, 8; 60 to 73 years, 6; total, 254. Cause of commitment-larceny, 135; burglary, 20; burglary and larceny, 19; passing counterfeit money, 12; rape, 5; robbery, 5; arson, 4; assault to murder, 4; assault to rape, 4; forgery, 5; manslaughter, 4; murder, 6; miscellaneous, 27; total, 254. Nativity-Michigan, 39; other states, 145; foreign countries, 70; total, 254. Whole number since establishment of prison-received, 3,184; discharged, 1,877; pardoned, 486; escaped, 91; died, 135; reversal of sentence, 13. Michigan State Reform School, Lansing. REv. CHARLES JOHNSON, Superiztendent. Number of inmates Nov. 16, 1866-white boys, 260; colored boys, 18; total, 278. Admritted during the year-white boys, 105; colored boys, 5; indian, 1; total, 111. Released-white boys, 129; colored boys, 5; total, 134. Remaining Nov. 16, 1867-white boys, 238; colored boys, 18; indian, 1; total, 257. Cause of commitment during the year-petit larceny, 83; burglary and larceny, 5; assault and battery, 7; grand larceny, 9; miscellaneous, 7; total, 111. NativityUnited States, 79; foreign countries, 27; unknown, 8. Age-8 years old, 1; 10 years, 5; 11 years, 10; 12 years, 13; 13 years, 12; 14 years, 22; 15 years, 36; 16 years, 11; total, ill. Average age, 13 years and 8 months. Domestic condition of boys previous to commitment-lost their father, 26; lost mother, 23; lost both parents, 19; whose relatives have been arrested for crime, 11; who have used intoxicating drinks, 39; been in jail one or more times, 37; slept in boxes, old sheds, on steps, &c., 46. Of those who have been released-discharged as reformed, 87; to go [1869. 380 out of State to reside with parents, 4; granted leave of absence for one year, 41; died, 1; escaped, 1; total, 134. Average time of detention, 2 years, 8 months, and 8 days. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population as given by each census since 1810, was as follows: Population. Rate of increase. Population. Rate of increas 1810....................4,7....... 1850..................397,654.........87.34 1820....................8,765.........86.81 1860..................749,113.........88.38 1830............... 31,639........255.65 1864..................803,745....... 71.59 1840..................212,267..... 570.09 - The ratio of increase from 1820 to 1840 was greater than in any other State, and during the last of these two decades, more than twice as great. The State is divided by Lake Michigan into two peninsulas; the northern is 316 miles long and from 36 to 120 miles broad, and the southern 416 miles long, and from 50 to 300 miles broad. The northern peninsula is undulating, broken, and much of it densely timbered; the southern is nearly level, and better adapted to agriculture. The climate is less severe than that of other portions of the country between the same parallels of latitude, being softened by the immense fresh water surface on the borders of the State. The State is productive in most of the grains, potatoes, beans, hay, and in fruits. The yield of maple sugar, sorghum molasses, and honey, is abundant and increasing. Tobacco is cultivated to some extent, and large quantities are imported for manufacture. Wool raising is an important branch of husbandry. The lumber trade is of great value and extent, and salt exists in considerable quantities. The United States have over five millions of acres of land in this State, yet to be disposed of. The mineral resources are chiefly in the northern peninsula. The great copper deposits are principally located in the Keweenaw peninsula, but the beds extend along the lake from Ontanagon to Schooleraft, in greater or less quantities. The yield of copper has risen to an annual average of 8,000 tons, with promise of steady increase. The opening of the St. MIary's Canal, and the clearing of the entrance into Portage lake, have given fresh impetus to this branch of mining industry. Silver has been found in connection with the copper, in the proportion of from twenty-five to fifty per cent. The rich deposits of iron ore are found chiefly in Marquette County, but iron is also found in Delta, and to some extent in Berrien and Branch counties. In the production of this mineral in 1863, Michigan was second only to Pennsylvania, having produced 273,000 tons of ore. Bituminous coal is found in some parts of the State. The State has a Lake shore line of 1,400 miles, and its position is advantageous for commerce, of which it has a considerable share, having lines of trade with Liverpool. Products. The products for 1866 were-corn, 16,118,680 bushels, value $13,217,318; wheat, 14,740,639 bushels, value $37,588,630; rye, 413,150 bushels, value $437,939; oats, 8,293,877 bushels, value $3,89)8,122; barley, 418,971 bushels, value $427,350; buckwheat, 1,306,819 bushels, value $1,280,683; potatoes, 5,037,298 bushels, value $2,820,877; hay, 1,218,959 tons, value $16,760,686; wool clip, 9,750,000 pounds; lumber, 1,125,000,000 feet. In 1865 the yield of fish from the lakes was 35,200 barrels, valued at $563,200. 1869.] MICHIGAN. 381 TIlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. PRailroads. Upwards of 800 miles of railroads have been completed, at a cost of about $35,000,000, and 600 miles more are in course of construction or have been projected. Manufactures. In 1860, there were 3,348 manufacturing establishments, with a capital of $23,808,226; cost of labor and raw material, $24,370,658; total value of products, $32,658.356; surplus over cost of labor and material, $8,287,698, or nearly 35 per cent. on the working capital invested. Banks. There were in 1868, 42 National Banks, with a paid up capital of $5,210,010, owning real estate to the amount of $224,874; value of real and personal estate as equalized by the State Board of Equalization for 1866, $307,965,842. 18. MINNESOTA. Capital, St. Paul. Area, 83,531 square miles. Population, (1867), 400,000. This State was visited by traders, trappers, and Jesuit Missionaries from Montreal, about 1654. The Upper Mississippi was explored by Louis Hennepin, in 1680. In 1689, a fort was erected by Perrot, Le Sueur, and others, on Lake Pepin, and in 1695, a second fort was established in Minnesota by Le Sueur. In 1766, the territory was explored by Jonathan Carver of Connecticut, who went to England and wrote an account of his explorations. This State formed a part of the original Louisiana territory as purchased firom France in 1803. In 1812, a settlement was formed in the Red River country, principally by Scotchmen. Fort Snelling was settled by emigrants from the northern and western States about 1845. Minnesota was organized as a territory, March 31, 1849, and admitted into the Union as a State, February 26, 1857 GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor...........................WILLIAM R. MARSHALL......St. Paul............... $3,000 Lieutenant Governwr................THOMAS IH. ARMSTRONG......High Forrest............* Secretary of State...................H. C. ROGERS...............St. Paul.................1,800 Atditor of State..................CHARLES MCILRATH.......................1,500 State Treasrer...............EMIL ucH................. St. Paul.................1,200 Attorney General....................F. R. E. CORNELL............Minneapolis............ +1,000 Stiperintendent of Public Instruc..... MARKI H. DUNNELL...........St. Paul................. 2,500 Land Conzzissieoner................CHARLES MCILRATH........................1,000 Adjttant General..................H. P. VAN CLEVE............t. Paul.................1,500 The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, and Attorney General are chosen by a plur tfor two yars. The Auditor is elected in the same way, but for three years. The number of Senators is 22, of Representatives 47. Senators are chosen for two years, one-half each year; Representatives are elected annually. The election for State officers and members of the Legislature, is on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November. The Legislature mceets on the Tuesday after the first Monday of January. The sessions are annual. Every male person, twenty-one years of age, of either of the following classes, viz.: White citizens of the United States; white persons of foreign birth, who have duly declared their intention to become citizens; persons of mixed white and Indian blood, and persons of Indian blood residing in the State, who have adopted the language, customs, and habits of civilization, when pronounced capable by any District Court in the State, may vote, * $10 per day during session of Legislature. t Also $10 per day during attendance upon Court. 382 [1869. if they have resided in the United States one year, in the State four months, and in the election district ten days next preceding the election. JUDICIARY. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Courts of Probate, Justices of the Peace, and such other courts inferior to the Supreme Court as the Legislature may by a two-thirds vote establish. The Supreme Court with original jurisdiction in such remedial cases as are prescribed by law, and appellate jurisdiction in all cases both in lawv and equity, consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, tej tke peo- pie, to hold office for seven years and until their successors are qualified. v There are no trials by jury in this court. A clerk is chosen for three years. There are six judges of the District Courts elected in single Districts for seven years. A clerk is chosen in each county. The District Courts have original jurisdiction in all cases in law and equity where over $100 is in controversy, and in criminal cases where the punishlment may be imprisonment for over three months or a fine of over $100. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Samuel H. Miller. District Judge, Rensselaer R. Nelson. District Attorney, H. L. Moss. Mairstal, Charles Eaton. Clerk of Circuit Court, H. E. Mann. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, Thomas Wilson, Winona. Associate Justices, S. J. R. McMillan, St. Paul; John M. Berry, Fairbower, Rice Co. Salaries, $3,000 each. Clerk, Sherwood Hlough. Reporter, W. A. Spencer. DISTRICT COURTS. Judges.-First District, Charles McClure; Second District, W. Wilkin; Third District, L. Barber; Fourth District, C. E. Vanderburg; Fiffth District, N. M. Donaldson; Sixth District, Horace Austin; Seventh District, J. M. McKeloy. Court of Comnwmon Pleas, W. S. Hall. TERMS OF SUPREME COURT. The Supreme Court holds two sessions annually, at St. Paul, on the first days of July and December. FINANCES. Balance in Treasury, December 1, 1866,Receipts to November 30, 1867, - - $755,919.91 - - 704,683.52 - - - 51,236.39 Disbursements from the Treasury in 1867, Balance in Treasury, Dec. 1, 1867, - $755,919.91 SOURCES OF REVENUE. From 7 per cent. loan of July 1867, for State institution buildings....................,.00 From sales and stumpage of school lands............................................110,227.13 From sales of United States 1040 bonds.............................................. 6,000.00 From interest on invested school fund................................... 96,110.94 Revenue from railroads................................................................ 9,373.55 Miscellaneous sources................................................................. 9,312.64 Balance in treasury.................................................. 68,189.93 Total....................................................$......................$755,919.91 1869.] MINNESOTA. 383 - $68,189.93 - - 687,729.98 THlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. DISBURSEMENTS. For general expenses of State Government..........................................$199,717.08 For buildings for State institutions....................................................134,790.84 For payment of interest on loans...................................................... 25,620.40 Land office fees and expenses locating internal improvement lands.................... 4,076.12 Investment for permanent school fund................................................187,000.00 Investment for sinking fund........................................................... 57,125.56 General school fund apportioned...................................................... 91,629.42 Premium on bonds.................................................................... 812.10 Bounties for destruction of wolves.................................................... 3,912.00 Total disbursements for the year...............................................$704,683.52 Balance in treasury, Nov. 30,1867...................................................... 51,236.39 $755,919.91 Unredeemed warrants at the beginning of the year....................................$1,849.14 Outstanding treasury warrants, November 30, 1867......................................1,727.59 FUNDED DEBT. Of the bonds issued for State purposes there remained outstanding, at the close of the fiscal year, the following: Balance of the eight per cent. loan of July, 1858..............................$125,000.00 Sioux war seven per cent. loan of November, 1862............................100,000.00 State building seven per cent. loan of July, 1867..............................100,000.00 Total.................................................................$325,000.00 The constitutional limit of State loans is $350,000. EDUCATION. The act of Congress establishing a territorial government for Minnesota, approved March 2, 1849, provided that sections numbered sixteen and thirtysix in each township, should be reserved for the use of schools. On the adoption of the State constitution, provision was made for the management of the lands, and the fund arising from their sale. The lands are sold at public auction, and none are sold less than the appraisal, nor less than $5 an acre. This State was entitled to 120,000 acres under the act of 1862, making grants to Agricultural Colleges. The lands have been selected, and it is believed that they can be disposed of so as to make a fund of $500,000. An appropriation of $15,000, made by the legislature to the State University in 1867, enabled the Board of Regents to open the preparatory department. The Board have also succeeded in relieving the institution of over $100,000 of debt, and saving 30,000 acres of land that was supposed to be lost. The Hamline University at Red Wing has good buildings and is flourishing. The Superintendent of Public Instruction has the general supervision of the public schools, and reports annually to the legislature. The office had been attached to that of Secretary of State until 1867, when an independent office was created, and a Superintendent was appointed, who entcred upon the duties of his office on the 2d day of April, 1867. The results of his labors are already seen in the improved organization and administration of the school system. The law of 1864, provided for the appointment of County Superintendents, but in 1867 only 26 counties had made appointments. The trustees [1869. 384 of school districts have the immediate charge of the local administration of the school system. The State Normal School at Winona is prosperous. Since its reorganization in 1864, the numbers in attendance have been constantly increasing. The new building, erected at an expense of about $100,000, has accommodations for 250 in the Normal department, 200 in the Model classes, and 200 in the Practice classes. Nearly one-third of the time of the Normal pupils through the entire course is given to professional training and practice. Two other Normal Schools will be established in the State as soon as the necessary steps have been taken for complying with the provisions of the law. Twenty-three Teachers' Institutes were held in 1867, in 18 different counties, with an attendance of 772 teachers. Public Schools. Whole number of organized counties in the State, in 1S67, 51; number making school returns, 50. Number of school districts, 2,207; increase for the year, 209. Number of districts reported, 2,035; increase for the year, 254. Whole number of children between 5 and 21 years of age-males, 59,157; females, 55,264; total, 114,421; increase for the year, 12,303. Whole number attending school-males, 35,041; females, 30,766; total, 65,807. Whole number attending winter schools, 44,408; average number, 29,292. Whole number attending summer schools, 47,067; average number, 29,549. Whole number of winter schools, 1,261; whole number of summer schools, 1,324. Whole number of male teachers employed, 749; increase for the year, 217. Whole number of female teachers employed, 1,836; increase for the year, 211. Average wages of male teachers per month, $34.61; of female teachers, $22.28. Whole amount paid teachers, $254,986.76; increase for the year, $85,840.30. Whole number of school houses in State, 1,406; increase for the year, 109. Value of all the school houses in the State, $7,46,291; increase for the year, $273,946.71. Whole number of school houses built,.337; cost of the same, $331,219.60. Whole amount received from State school funds, $167,863.50; whole amount received from taxes voted by districts, $225,672.19; increase for the year, $136,651.87. Whole amount expended for school purposes, $736,532.67; increase for the year, $299,221.60. Private Schools. Whole number of private schools in the State, 50; number of scholars -males, 2,228; females, 2,088; total, 4,316. Normal School, Winona. WILLIAM F. PHELPS, Principal. Cost of buildings, $100,000. Number of students-males, 13; females, 74; total, 87. In Model Classes-boys, 84; girls, 87; total, 171. School Lands and School Fund. The number of acres of school land sold from 1862 to Nov. 30, 1867, was 246,129; average price, $6.23 per acre; and aggregate, $1,534,053.94. A considerable amount has been received from other land items than sales. The securities held by the fund at the close of the fiscal year 1867, were as follows: State loans of Minnesota...............................................$309,187.50 United States Bonds......................................................224,825.00 Balance due upon lands bearing 7 per cent. interest......................1,053,035.89 Balance in Treasury..................................................... 162.39 Total amount of fund, November 30, 1867..........................$1,587,210.78 If the lands remaining are sold at the same rate, the fund if managed with the same care and prudence as in the past, will eventually amount to over $15,000,000. The income from the permanent fund constitutes the general fund which is annually distributed to the different townships throughout the State, in proportion to the number of scholars in each between 5 and 21 years of age. The amount distributed in 1867 was $91,906.20, or.90 per capita. The estimated amount for 1868 was $143,026, or $1.25 per capita. The legislature also levies a tax of two mills on the dollar, amounting in 1867 to $116,000, which is collected and disbursed by local officers. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. The State Charitable Institutions are yet in their infancy, arrangements having been made by the authorities for some years to provide for the un 25 MINNESOTA. 1869.] 385 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. fortunate classes in the institutions of other States. The Minnesota Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, and the Blind, located at Faribault, has been removed into a new and commodious building just completed for its use. This building, 80 by 45 feet in extent and four stories in height, was erected of stone, at a cost of $51,600. The grounds comprise 52 acres presented to the State by the citizens of Faribault. The institution is open to all the deaf and dumb and the blind in the State, between the ages of 10 and 25. The department for the blind has only been in operation since 1866, and has as yet but few pupils. The Hospital for the Insane was established by an act of the Legislature, passed March 2, 1866, and located at St. Peter, in Nicollet County. The grounds comprise 210 acres purchased by citizens of St. Peter, and conveyed to the State for the use of the Hospital. The trustees purchased a building and fitted it up for the accommodation of 50 patients, and afterwards enlarged it, increasing the accommodations so as to provide for 100. Plans for a new building were accepted in 1867, and the work upon it commenced. If completed in accordance with the plan adopted, it will provide ample accommodations for the insane for many years. The State Prison is reported in excellent condition. A new shop was erected in 1867, at a cost of $9,383.75, new cells were constructed and furnished, and the prison yard was extended. A State Reform School has been established at St. Paul, which is in successful operation. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, and the Blind, Faribault. J. L. NoYEs, Superintenden~t. Number in department of Deaf and Dumb in 1867-males, 15; females, 12; total, 27. In department for the blind-males, 2; females, 2; total, 4. Hospital for Insane, St. Peter. SAMUEL S. SHANTZ, Super intendent. Whole number of patients admitted from opening of hospital December 1866, to December 1867, 97; number discharged, 13; recovered, 10; died, 2; eloped, 1; remaining in hospital, December 1867, 84. Supposed cause of insanity-epilepsy, 6; over work, 6; sunstroke, 3; masturbation, 4; miscellaneous, 8; no assigned cause, 69; total, 97. Civil condition-married, 42; single, 47; widowed, 8. Occupation of those admitted-farmers, 20; house-keepers, 36; laborers, 24; domestic servants, 7; no occupation, 3; miscellaneous, 7. Age of those admitted from 10 to 20, 7; from 20 to 30, 21; from 30 to 40, 31; from 40 to 50, 19; from 50 to 60, 15; from 60 to 90, 4. State Prison, Stillwater. JOHN S. PROCTOR, Warden. Number of convicts, November 30, 1866, 35; received during the year, 36; total number confined, 71. There have been discharged -on expiration of sentence, 5; pardoned, 20; died, 1; remaining Nov. 30, 1867, 45. Term of sentence of those received during the year-from 1 to 2 years, 16; 2 to 3 years, 10; 3 to 4 years, 5; 4 to 10 years, 4; pleasure of Legislature, 1; total, 36. Age-under 20, 6; between 20 and 30, 19; 30 and 40, 4; 40 and 50, 7. Nativity-United States, 24; foreign countries, 12. Crimeslarceny, 17; desertion from army, 4; theft, 3; burglary, 2; forgery, 2; miscellaneous, 8. Whole number of convicts confined since the organization of the State-white males, 130; colored males, 3; total, 133. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of this State was in 1850, 6,077i in 1860, 172,413, an increase in 10 years of more than 2,760 per cent.; in 1865, the population was 250,000. The immigration in 1867 was 50,000, and the whole population was then estimated at 400,000. The Legislature, in 1867, appropriated $20,000 to promote immigration, and created a Board of Immigration Commissioners, consisting of the Governor, Secretary of State, and one member ap,pointed. 386 [1869. The situation of this State near the center of the continent, and upon the summit of the plateau which embraces the head waters of the three great river systems of North America, gives it special advantages. The total area of the State is 51,479,242 acres, of which 32,000,000 acres are arable land. Agriculture is the prominent interest and wheat the staple production, but the hardier grains, potatoes, hay, honey, and maple sugar, are becoming important. The lumber business is constantly increasing. Copper, lead, iron, gold and silver have been discovered in some parts of the State, but the mines have not been sufficiently developed to give any proper estimate of their value. In the northern part of the State is an immense forest region, estimated to cover upwards of 21,000 square miles, constituting one of the great sources of wealth and industry of the State. West of the Mississippi, lying between it and the Minnesota, and extending south of that stream, is the "Big Woods," about 100 miles in length and 40 miles wide. This district is full of lakes, and broken by small openings. The prevailing woods are oak, maple, elm, ash, basswood, butternut, black walnut, and hickory. Products. In 1854, the number of plowed acres in the State was only 15,000; in 1860, there were 4,33,276; in 1866, 1,000,000, and in 1867, over 1,200,000; in 1865, upwards of 8,000,000 bushels of wheat were exported, in 1866 over 10,000,000 bushels, and in 1867 the aggregate yield was as great. In 1861, the exports of lumber from this State were about 30,000,000 feet. This trade is constantly increasing; in 1865 upwards of 83,000,000 feet were manufactured at St. Anthony and St. Croix Falls, besides 15,500.000 shingles, and 16,500,000 laths. The products of 111,000,000 logs, of an aggregate value of $1,662,810 were exported. In 1866, the amount of logs and lumber cut and manufactured was about 175,000,000 feet; in 1867, about 276,000,000 feet. The steamboat business of Minnesota is as yet confined to the Mississippi, the Minnesota and the St. Croix rivers. On the Mississippi, the business is principally done by the "North Western Union Packet Company," which in 1868 owned 11 first class packets, 19 stern y,wheel steamers, together with 131 barges, and employed over 2,000 men. The capital stock of this company is $1,500,000. Their boats ply between Dubuque and St. Paul, and La Crosse and St. Paul. The Northern Line boats ply between St. Louis and St. Paul, and consist of 9 first class side-wheel packets, 8 stern-wheel steamers, and 60 barges-a boat leaving St. Louis and St. Paul daily. The aggregate tonnage at St. Paul, for 1867, was 13,308.22 tons. Minnesota possesses ample and effective water power. The falls and rapids of St. Anthony alone, with a total descent of 64 feet, afford an available hydraulic capacity, according to an experienced and competent engineer, of 120,000 horse power. There are now at the Falls of St. Anthony, 13 grist mills, 14 saw mills, 2 woolen mills, 2 paper mills, 1 oil mill. These with minor establishments/there, produced in 1867, $4,669,358 worth of manufactured articles. There were in the State 511 manufacturing establishments in 1860, with an aggregate capital of $2,500,000, producing annually $4,500,000 worth of manufactures. The number of establishments in 1868, is estimated at 2,000, with a capital of $10,000,000. 19. MISSISSIPPI. Capital, Jackson. Area, 47,156 square miles. Poputlatiin, (1860), 791,305. Mississippi was settled by the Spaniards about the year 1540, and at Natchez by the French in 1716. It was organized as a territory, April 7, 1789, and admitted into the Union as a State, December 10, 1817. An ordinance of secession was adopted by a State convention, January 9, 1861, and declared numill and void by another convention, on the 22d of AuguLst, 1865. By the act of Congress of March 2, 1867, this State with Arkansas, was l169.] MISSISSIPPI. 387 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. placed in the 4th Military District, under the command of Major General Ord, by whom an election was ordered on the first Monday of November. At this election, a majority voted for a convention, which assembled at Jackson, January 7, 1868, and adopted a new constitution, May 15, which was submitted to the people June 22, but rejected by a majority of 7,629. The State has not been admitted to representation in Congress. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. SALARY. Gover.......................B. B. EGGLESTON............................$3,000 Lieutenant Governor............A. J. JAMIESON............................... Seretary of State............... R. J. ALCON.................................. Treasur?er......................D. MCA. WILLIAM S............................ Auditor........................WILLIAM A. MORGAN......................... Attorney General...............J. S. MORRIS................................. School Superintendent...........CHARLES W. CLARKE......................... Under the former constitution the Senate was composed of 32 members elected for four years, and the House of Representatives of-92 members elected for two years; the sessions of the Legislature were biennial. The constitution adopted by the convention May 15, 1868, provides that all male inhabitants of this State, except idiots, and insane persons, and Indians not taxed, citizens of the United States or naturalized, twenty-one years old and upwards, who have resided in the State six months, and in the county one month next preceding the day of election at which said inhabitant offers to vote, and who are duly registered, and who are not disqualified by reason of any crime, are qualified electors. JUDICIARY. The High Court of Errors and Appeals consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices. It has appellate jurisdiction only. The Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction in actions and suits when the principal involved exceeds $250. Chancery Courts are held in each judicial district of the State, by the Judges of the Circuit Court for sucl district, at the samne time and place appointed for holding the Circuit Court of each county. And at least one week of every term is given to the chancery side of the docket. This court has jurisdiction in all matters of equity, provided the matter or thing in controversy shall exceed $250. By an act of November 24, 1865, the county court was established, with inferior criminal and civil jurisdiction to the Circuit Courts. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Jtudge, Noah H. Swayne. District Jtdgye-Nort hern and So7.thern Distr7icts, Robert A. Hill. District Attorney-Northern District, James E. Stewart; southezn District, R. Leachman. Marshals-NVorthern District, John Blevins; Soutthern District, R. H. Winter. HIGH COURT OF ERRORS AND APPEALS. Chief Jutstice, A. H. Handy, Canton. Associate Justices, H. T. Ellet, Port Gibson; W. L. Harris, Columbus. Clerk, S. Livingston. Reporter, R. O. Reynolds. 388 [1869. CIRCUIT COURTS. 1st )District, Judge, James M. Smiley; Attorney, MI. V. B. Huff. 2d District, Judge, John E. McNair; Attorney, R. P. Willing. 3d )istritct, Ji(tdge, J. S. Yerger; Attorney, R. V. Booth. 4th District, Judge, John Watts; Attorney, A. Y. Harper. 5th District, Judge, J. A. P. Campbell; Attorney, S.S. Calhoun. 6th Dgstrict, Judge, H. W. Foote; Attorney, T. H. Woods. 7th Dis8triet, Judge, A. M. Clayton; Attorney, G. E. Harris. 8th District, Judge, William M. Hancock; Attorney, C. A. Smith. 9th District, Judge, W. D. Bradford; Attorney, J. A. Blair. loth District, Judge, Wm. Cothran; Attorney, W. R. Barksdale. TERMS OF COURTS. An act of the Legislature passed at the called session, February 1867, provides for the holding of the High Court of Errors in four districts, the head-quarters of the 1st District being at Jackson, the 2d at Oxford, the 3d at Macon, the 4th at Mississippi City. The Circuit Courts are held semi-annually in each county. FINAL We have been able to obtain no relia Receipts for 1866, - - - Disbursements for the same time, - Baln iTrasryJa..1. — $569,045 507,086 - $61,932 EDUCATION. According to the census of 1860, there were in Mississippi 13 colleges, having 856 students; 1,116 public schools, having 30,970 pupils, $385,679 income, $107,947 of which was from public funds, $29,689 from taxation, and $21,205 from endowments; 169 academies and other schools, having 7,974 pupils, $313,522 income, $44,211 of which was public funds, and $37,875 was endowments. Most of these institutions were closed during the war, and a portion of the buildings and other property was destroyed. A few have been reorganized, but the unsettled condition of the State and the lack of educational funds have prevented the adoption of an efficient school system. The University of Mississippi has had about 200 students in attendance. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. Previous to the war, an Asylum for the Blind, one for the Deaf and Dumb and an Insane Hospital, were in operation at Jackson. The Mississippi State Penitentiary was turned over to the United States Government, January 17, 1868, by special command of the executive of the State, and was placed in charge of First Lieutenant John R. Hynes of the 24th U.S. Infantry, as Superintendent. The number of prisoners, September 25, 1868, was 356, the annual expense $20,500. The income from labor, exclusive of that employed on the prison, or by the government, is not more than $1,000. The prison was in a dilapidated condition when turned over to the United States Government. It had been leased out, but for some causes it became necessary to apply to the U. S. Government for relief. Mississippi State Institution for the Education of the Blind, Jackson. WILLIA MERRILL, A.M., Supe7rntendent. Number of pupils during 18-, 24; average number, 20; current expenses, $8,000. 1869.] MISSISSIPPI. 389 Balance in Treasury Jan. 1, 1867, THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of the State at different periods was as follows: Whites. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Ino. percent. 1800............. 5,179............. 182............ 3,489............ 8,850............ 1810............. 23,024............. 240............ 17,088............ 40,352............. 355.95 1820............. 42,176............. 458........... 32,814............ 75,448............ 86.97 1830............. 70,443............. 519............ 65,659........... 136,621............ 81.08 1840.............179,074......... 1,366........195,211......... 375,651............174.96 1850.............295,718............. 930............309,878............606,526........... 61.46 1860.............353,901............. 773............436,631............791,305............ 30.47 Only about one third of the area of the State was under cultivation in 1860. The great staple was cotton, in the production of which Mississippi ranks third. Since the close of the war its culture has been increased, but a larger proportion of the cultivated land than formerly, is employed in the production of wheat and colm. Products. The principal products in 1866 were-corn, 11,913,650 bushels, value $18,704,430; wheat, 258,687 bushels, value $654,478; rye, 23,684 bushels, value $48,078; oats, 101,768 bushels, value $110,927; potatoes, 385,318 bushels, value $246,604; tobacco, 165,507 lbs., value $49,652; hay, 29,611 tons, value $814,302. 20. MISSOURI. Capital, Jefferson City. Area, 65,350 square miles. Population, (1860), 1,182,012. Missouri was settled at St. Genevieve in 1763 by the French. It was part of the territory ceded by France, by the treaty of April 30, 1803, was organized into a separate territory, June 4, 1812, and admitted into the union as a State, Dec. 14, 1821. A new Constitution was adopted by the Constitutional Convention, April 8, 1865, and ratified by the vote of the people on the 6th of June; it went into effect July 4, 1865. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. SALARY Governor...............................Jos. W. MCCLURG........................$5,000 Lieutenant Governor....................EDWIN 0. STANNARD..................... Secretary' of State...................... JOHN RODMAN.............................2,500 Treasurer..............................W. Q. DOLLMEYE........................3,000 Atuditor.................................DANEL...........3,000 Register of Lands......................Jos. H. McGEE........................... 3,000 Attorney General........................HORACE B. JOHNsoN.......................3,000 Supt. of Public Schools..................T. A. PARKE.............................3,000 The above officers are chosen at the general election on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in Novenmber, every two years, 1868, 1870, &c., and hold office for two years. The Senators, 34 in number, are chosen from as many districts, for four years, one-half biennially; the Representatives, 200 in number, are chosen for two years, all at the same time as State officers. The compensation of Senators and Representatives is $5 per day, and $5 for every 25 miles of travel. The Lieutenant Governor, the President pro tem. of the Senate and the Speaker of the House receive each $7 per day. The General Assembly meets once in two years, on the last Monday in December. 390 L1869. White male citizens of the United States, and white male persons of foreign birth, who may have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States, according to law, not less than one year nor more than five years before they offer to vote, who have resided one year in the State, and sixty days in the county, city or town, are entitled to vote. After 1876, new voters must be able to read and write unless disabled therefrom by physical disability. JUDICIARY. The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and District Courts. The Supreme Court consists of three Judges, the Circuit Courts of one Judge for each of the 20 circuits. There are six Districts, in each of which is a District Court, held by the Judges of the Circuit Courts embraced in the District. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Samuel H. Miller. Clerk, Benjamin F. Hickman. District Judges, Samuel Treat; A Krekel. District Attoey, C. G. Mauro. Cerks, Benjamin F. Hickman; Adams Peabody. Marshal, J. B. Rogers. SUPREME COURT. Judges. David Wagner, Lewis C. Philemon Bliss and Warren Currier, St. Louis. Cierks. O F. Fishback, St. Louis; Wm. M. Albin, St. Joseph; N. C. Burch, Jefferson City. Marshal, Wm. S. Voois, St. Louis. Salaries of Judges, $3,000 each. TERMS OF COURTS. United States Circuit Court. First Monday in April and October, at St. Louis. United States District Court. Third Mondays in February, May and November; for Eastern District at St. Louis, JYestern District at Jefferson City. Sitpreme Court. At Jefferson City, second Monday in January and first Monday in July; at St. Louis, third Monday in March and October; at St. Joseph, third Monday in February and August. District Courts. 1st District at Jefferson City, 1st Monday in June, and December. 2d District at Cape Girardeau, 2d Monday in February and July. 3d District at Springfield, Sd Monday in June and December. 4th District at Macon City, Sd Monday in January and July. 5th District at St. Joseph, 4th Monday in June and December. 6th District at St. Charles, 2d Monday in January and July. The terms of the Circuit Courts were altered by the Legislature in 1868. FINANCES. Balance in treasury, Oct. 1, 1867, -.. ---- $3,148,497.01 Receipts from all sources to December 31, 1868, 15 months, - 9,443,001.51 Total - - -.. ----- $12,591,498.52 Disbursements, —----- -...11,852,951.00 Balance, December 31, 1868, -.. ---- $738,547.52 The total annual interest for which the State must provide is $1,095,050, payable semi-annually. The expenditures for the two fiscal years of 1866 and 1867, were as follows: Amount. Average per year. For the executive and administrative departments..................$97,8S.04......$48,944.02 For the legislative department......................................531,276.27..... 265,68.13 For the judiciary department.......................................503,422.80........ 251,711.40 For public charities.................................................157,997.65.....78. 7,998.82 For other purposes..................................................426,899.48...... 213,449.74 The whole expenses of the Legislative, Judicial and Executive Departments, can be met by the levy of a two mill tax. 1869] MISSOURI. 391 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. STATE DEBT. The total bonded debt of the State, December 31, 1868, was The State debt proper, -.. - - - - - - - - $453,000 Internal improvement debt, - - -.- - - - 21,153,000 War debt, - - - - - - - - - - - 48,000 Total, - - - - - - - - - - $21,654,000 EDUCATION. Provision is made by the Constitution and laws of this State for the main tenance of a State University, and a Free Public School system The University, chartered in 1838-9, went into full operation on the 4th of July, 1843. The annual income of the proceeds of the "Seminary lands," was set aside for its support, and the legislature, in 1867, made further pro vision by appropriating a portion of the public school fund. The only department of the University in operation previous to 1867, was the College of Science and Letters. Two additional Colleges were estab lished that year, one of Normal instruction, the other of Law. The College of Normal Instruction was opened Sept. 16, 1867.. By the State Constitu tion, the Legislature is required to establish and maintain an Agricultural Department in the University. The Normal College, under Prof. E. L. Ripley, has opened favorably, and promises to be a great benefit to the teachers of Central Missouri. The corner stone of the Missouri Normal University at Marionville, Lawrence Co., was laid on July 4, 1868; the building belongs to the Lawrence County Teacher's Institute. A private Normal School is in operation at Kirksville. The State Superintendent exercises a general supervision over the public schools, and the educational funds. Each and every Congressional township composes but one school district, and is confided to the management and control of a Board of Education; smaller divisions are to be regarded as sub-districts, and to be confided to the management and control of local directors. A school director is appointed in each sub-district. The several school directors of the sub-districts of a Township constitute the Board of Education, which has power to change and alter sub-districts, establish central or high schools, hire or dismiss teachers and classify the children of the township. A County Superintendent is elected in each county every two years. The General Assembly in 1867 nearly doubled the capital of the Public School Fund. The city of St. Louis has an excellent system of Public Schools, including a Normal School, a High School, 31 District Schools and 3 colored schools. Public Schools. Number of children in State between five and twenty-one years of age, 476,192; number in public schools, 169,270; number of public schools, 4,840; whole number of teachers-males, 2,982; females, 3,280; total, 6,262; number of schools-Primary and intermediate, 4,534; high, 99; total, 4,633; average number months taught, 4i; average attendance per month, 421-5; whole number of school houses-brick, 176; stone, 74; frame, 1,557; log, 2,173; total, 3,980; total value of school houses in the State, $1,480,729; amount of township fund, $978,073; State school fund, $1,687,074; levied for school purposes, $870,650; amount paid for [1869. 392 teachers' wages, $641,974; amount received from the State, $17,287; amount received from township, $119,610; from fines and penalties, $37,758; amount raised for building and repairing school houses, $157,017; total, $331,672. Whole amount paid for teachers' wages, $641,974; for fuel and contingencies, $72,694; for purchasing grounds, $18,598; for building and repairing schoolhouses, $310,737; for rent of rooms, $8,804; for furniture and apparatus, $21,334; total, $1,074,141. Number volumes in school libraries, 15,644; value school furniture, $5,644; value school apparatus, $4,791; amount of money unexpended, $49,044; of indebtedness, $123,712. St. Louis. Census for Nov. 1866, 204,000; number between 5 and 21 years of age (drawing State money), 66,880; estimated number between 6 and 16 years of age, 40,800; number of school houses-owned by the Board, all brick, 27; rented, 8; total, 35; heated with stoves, 24; with furnaces, 11; number of school-rooms, 266; estimated value of school sites, $264,183.28; of buildings and furniture, $419,941.64; total value of property used for school purposes, $684, 124.92. Average number of teachers, (including music teachers)-males, 21; females, 208; total, 229; principals, 34; assistants, 195; music teachers, 2; drawing teacher, 1. Number in the Normal School, 3; in the High School, 9; in the District Schools, 208; in colored schools, 7. Number of pupils enrolled-boys, 7,846; girls, 7,445; total, 15,291. Normal School-girls, 65; High School-boys, 116; girls, 165; total, 281. District Schools-boys, 7,661; girls, 7,193; total, 14,851. Colored Schools-boys, 185; girls, 252; total, 437. Average number belonging, 10,754; average daily attendance, 10,029; per cent. of attendance, 94; amount of teachers' salaries, $159,668.80; rate per scholar on average number belonging, $14.85; incidental expenses, including Janitor's salaries, books, stationery, etc., $21,408.51; cost of incidentals per scholar, $1.99; total cost of teachers' salaries and incidentals, $181,077.31; total cost per scholar on average number belonging, $16.84. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The Institution for the education of the Blind at St. Louis, was established in 1851. It has been supported partly by the State, and partly by private contributions. The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Fulton, was not completed until 1854, though the buildings were opened in 1851. The Asylum for the Insane at Fulton, was suspended in 1861, in consequence of the rebellion; it was re-opened in 1863. The legislature has fixed an annual appropriation for its support, and the number of patients has largely increased. In the State Penitentiary a change has been made in the system of hiring out the labor of convicts, by which contracts are made with different individuals in different branches, and the receipts will be largely increased. The general condition of the prison is reported good. Missouri Institution for the Education of the Blind, St. Louis. H. R. FOSTER, Superintendent. Number of pupils under instruction from Nov. 1, 1866, to Nov. 1, S1867, 76; of former pupils, 55; of admissions, 21; discharged, 25; present, Nov. 1, 1867, 51. Of the 26 discharged, 6 were retained in the institution as teachers, 11 follow the trade of broom making, 2 removed from the State, and 6 withdrawn for various reasons. 8 were employed exclusively in the mechanical department; 2 received musical instruction only, and 66 instruction in two or three departments. 190 doz. brooms manufactured. Amount of sales, $524.65. No death or protracted illness during the year. Number of inmates Sept. 21, 1868, 70. State appropriation, $10,000. Expenses for year ending Nov. 1867, $14,600. Asylum for the Insane, Fulton. C. H. HUGHES, Superintendent. Number remaining at last report, 265; admitted since-males, 96; females. 68; total admitted, 164; total number of patients, 429. Recovered, 41; improved, 10; stationary, 14; died, 31; total discharged, 96; remaining, Nov. 26, 1867, 333. Supposed cause of insanity of those admitted since last report, hereditary, 19; epilepsy, 7; injuries to the head, 5; intemperance, 5; ill health, 12; mastulrbation, 13; puerperal, 5; pecuniary embarassment, 7; miscellaneous and unknown, 85. Occupation of males, farmers, 46; laborers, 13; physicians, 3; carpenters, 2; tailors, 2; miscellaneous, 21; females, housewives, 38; domestics, 13; domestic pursuits, 12; miscellaneous, 8. Civil condition, married, 62; single, 59; widows, 7; widowers, 4; unascertained, 26. Ages of those admitted, under 20 years, 15; from 20 to 30, 48; from 30 to 40, 49; from 40 to 50, 26; from 50 to MISSOURI. 1869.] 393 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK kND REGISTER. 60, 12; from 60 to 70, 6; from 70 to 80, 2. Nativity, Americans, 96; Irish, 20; Germans, 25; unknown, 13. Number of patients Oct. 1868, 359. Income from State, $16,000; counties, $34,712.76; individuals, $12,061.93; articles sold, $381.16; total,.$55,726.75. State Penitentiary, Jefferson City. IloRACE A. SWIFT, WTar7deni. Number of convicts Dec. 5, 1864, 384; received from Dec. 5,1864, to Dec. 2, 1866, 1,005; total, 1,389; discharged by expiration of sentence, 112; pardoned, 631; released-on requisitions, 4; on writs of habeas corpus, 3; to Insane asylum, 4; escaped, 21; died, 8; remaining in prison Dec. 2,1866, 597, of whom there were from 15 to 20 years, 119; from 20 to 25, 193; from 25 to 30, 137; from 30 to 40, 90; from 40 to 50, 40; from 50 to 60, 11; firom 60 to 70, 2; unknown, 5; 7 were sentenced 1 year, 268 for 2 years, 116 for three years, 97 from 3 to 5 years, 76 from 5 to 10 years, 15 from 10 to 15 years, 7 from 15 to 30 years, 2 for 99 years, for life, 9. The crimes of convicts in prison Dec. 2, 1866, were-assault to kill, 18; burglary, 10; burglary and larceny, 33; counterfeiting treasury notes, 26; grand larceny, 383; murder, 21; military offences, 32; robbery, 23; miscellaneous, 51. Nativity of the convicts, Canadians, 9; English, 16; French, 6; Germans, 41; Irish, 88; Scotch, 6; Americans, 408; miscellaneous and unknown, 20. 89 were illiterate, 73 could only read, 426 could read and write, 9 were versed in foreign languages; 447 were unmarried, 123 were married, 27 unknown. The early training was-good, 226; bad, 128; indifferent, 145; slave, 71; unknown, 27; had parents-living, 209; dead, 363; unknown, 25. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of Missouri, at different periods, as given by the United States census was as follows: White. Free Colored. Slave Total. Ino. percent. 1810............ 17,227.......... 607. 3,011...........3,011 20,845............ 1820........... 55,988........... 347........... 10,222........... 66,557............219.43 1830........... 114,795........... 569............ 25,091........... 140,455............ 110.94 1840............ 323,888............1,574........... 58,240........... 383,702............173.18 1S50............ 592,004............2,618...........87,422.......... 682,044............ 77.75 1860............1,063,509............3,572............114,931...........1,182,012............ 73.30 The population in 1867 was estimated at 1,500,000. The soil of Missouri is remarkable for its variety and excellence. Its agricultural capacities are attracting increased attention. In 1860, returns exhibited an advance of from fifty to five hundred per cent. over the aggregate of 1850, in the production of live stock, cereals, tobacco, rice, hay, peas, beans, potatoes, fruits, wines, butter, cheese, molasses of all kinds, honey and wax, wool, slaughtered animals, and of the orchard and garden products. The great staple is Indian corn, to the production of which, the rich prairies and hot summers of Missouri are particularly adapted. More hemp is produced in this State than in any other except Kentucky. Cotton is produced in the Southern portion of the State. Fruits reach a rare size and delicacy of flavor. Trees and vines grow rapidly and bear largely. Portions of the State are peculiarly adapted to the growth of the vine. The net profits of 2/, acres planted it 1861, amounted in 1865 to $19,678.80, or $5,935.76 per acre profit in five years. Missouri is rich in mineral wealth. The iron region around Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob is unsurpassed in the world for the abundance and purity of deposits. Copper is found extensively deposited, b)eing most abundant near the La Motte mines. It is also found with nickel, manganese, iron, cobalt, and lead, in combinations yielding from thirty to forty per cent. All of these metals, except nickel, exist in considerable quantities; also silver, in combination with lead ore and tin. Limestone, marble and other building materials are abundant, especially north of the Missouri. Coal under [1869. 394 lies a large portion of Missouri, having already been discovered in 30 counties. The whole State is supposed to contain more than 100,000,000,000 tons. The position of Missouri, at the central point of the Mississippi river system, is admirable for the control of the commerce of the vast interior basin of the continent. To superior water communication there has been added an expansive system of railroad improvement. The manufacturing establishments, in 1860, were 3,157, with a capital of $20,034,220, employing a large laboring force. The expense of production, including raw material and labor, was $30,519,657, the value of the products being $41,781,651, giving a profit of $11,261,994, or fifty-fie per cent. on the capital. The receipts of grain, including flour, at St. Louis were 18,680,500 bushels. The mills of the city manufactured 820,000 barrels of floutr. In the district of St. Louis, on the 1st of January, 1867, the amount of tonnage, exclusive of a large number of barges and canal boats which made occasional trips, was 106,600 tons, with a carrying capacity of 186,000 tons, and a value of $10,376,000. There are in St. Louis in addition to 20 private banks, 38 Insurance Companies, 31 incorporated banking institutions, with an actual capital of $15,000,000. In 1867, there were produced in the State, 20,244,028 bushels of corn, and 2,085,301 bushels of wheat. 21. NEBRASKA. Capita,, Omaha. Area, 75,995 square miles. Population, (1860), 28,842. Nebraska came into the possession of the United States in 1803 as part of the Louisiana purchase. It was settled by emigrants from the Northern and Western States, and was organized as a Territory in May, 1854. An enabling act was passed by Congress, March 21, 1864. A constitution was formed by the State Convention, which was ratified by the people, June 8, 1866. In January, 1867, an act of admission as a State, conditioned that there should be no denial of the elective franchise, or of any other right to any person by reason of race or color, excepting Indians not taxed, passed both houses of Congress, but was vetoed by the President. The act was passed over the veto on the 8th and 9th of February. The Legislature assembled, according to the conditions, and on the 1st of March, Nebraska was declared a state of the Union, b)y proclamation of the President. At a session of the Legislature, in 1867, provision was made for locating the seat of government, and for the erection of public buildings. The place selected for this purpose by the Commissioners is to be called Lincoln. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor.......................DAVID BUTLER................ Lincoln...................$2,500 Secretary of State...............THOMAS P. KENNARD..........Lincoln....................2,000 Treacurer......................JAMES SWEET..................Nebraska City............ Auditor........................JOHN GILLESPIE................Omaha.................... Attorney General..............C. S. CHASE....................Omaha.................... Adjutant General...............C. H. GERE....................Lincoln.................. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State and Treasurer, are elected by the legal voters for tw and the Auditor for four years; the election, which is biennial, is on the second Tuesday in October. The Senators, 13 in number, and the Representatives, 39 in number, are chosen at the 1869. NEBRASKA. 395 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. same time, for two years. Members of both houses of the General Assembly receive $3.00 per day for the session not exceeding forty days, and ten cents per mile travel. Male citizens of the United States, and persons of foreign birth who have declared their intention to become citizens, 21 years of age or upwards, who have resided in the state the time required by law, are entitled to vote. JUDICIARY. The judicial power of Nebraska is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, elected by the people, who hold their offices during the period of six years. One term of the Supreme Court must be held annually at Omaha, the seat of government. For District Court purposes, the state is divided into three judicial districts, in each of which one of the Justices of the Supreme Court holds the sessions. The Supreme and District Courts respectively possess chancery as well as common law jurisdiction. UNITED STATES COURTS. CircuitJudge, Samuel H. Miller. District Attorney, S. A. Strickland. Marshal, CasperE. Yost. SUPREME CO'URT. Judges, O. P. Mason, George B. Lake, L. Crounse. Attomrneys, elected Oct. 13,1868. 1st Attoray, 0. B. Herrett; 2d Attorney, J. C. Corwin; 3d Attorey, E. F. Gray. FINANCES. On hand December 1, 1866, - - - Receipts to April 30, 1867, - - Total,- - Warrants, &c., paid, v.1'-$ SINKING FUND. On hand December 1, 1866............................................................$14,210.72 Receipts to April 30,1867................................................................ 856.38 Discount on bonds cancelled........................................................... 117.00 Total...................................................... $15,184.10 Coupons and interest.................................................................. 2,638.37 Bonds Redeemed...................................................................... 7,650.00 Total...........................................................................$10,238.37 On hand................................................................................ $4,845.73 The miscellaneous Receipts were.................................................. $27,500.00 Total............. I,.,...................... $32,020.73 Less overpaid in General Fund......................................................... 87.60 Total in Treasury...............................................................$31,933.13 396 [1869, $9,113.64 1,632.82 $10,746.18 10,833.78 $87.60 Overdh'awn, EDUCATION. There is in the State, a Board of Education, which consists of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the State Treasurer, and five other persons appointed by the Governor. This Board has the charge of the Normal School, appoints its teachers and makes general regulations for it. The Superintendent of Public Instruction has the general supervision of the schools of the State. In 1867, the trustees of the Seminarv at Perut, Nemnaha County offered the seminary building to the State for Normal School purposes. The liberal offer was accepted by the State, and the Legislature, by an act passed, June, 1867, established the Normal School, and located it at Peru. The site includes sixty acres of land on high rolling ground, in view of the Missouri river for sixteen miles. The building is of brick, eighty feet long and forty feet wide, and three stories high. The estimated value of the site and the building complete is $25,000. The Legislature at its last session appropriated three thousand dollars to aid in fitting up the new building, and also twenty sections of land for an endowment. Prof. J. M. McKenzie was elected Principal. Two assistants were also appointed, and the school was opened Oct. 24, 1867. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of Nebraska in 1860 was 28,841; the inviting features of the country stimulated immigration to such an extent, that in 1867 the State was admitted into the Union, having attained the requisite number of inhabitants. The soil of the eastern portion is exceedingly fertile; the prairies are covered with a heavy sod, the matted growth of ages of vegetation, several teams of oxen being required to break it; the subsequent tillage is comparatively easy, the ground being rendered light and mellow. Along the rivers are groves of oak, walnut, cottonwood, hickory and willow. In 1860, the farms of Nebraska embraced 118,789 acres of improved land and 512,425 of unimproved. The peculiar character of soil and climate indicate that stock-raising will become a very important and remunerative branch of its agricultural enterprise. The public lands remaining undisposed of, are equal to about forty-two and a third million of acres. ~ Thin coal-beds, fifteen to eighteen inches thick, have been found in various localities, and worked with considerable profit; an out-crop at Nebraska City having been advantageously worked by drifting in a distance of three hundred yards. The counties of Otoe, Nemaha and Richardson contain more timber than any other portions of the State. Considerable attention has been given to the cultivation of fruit and forest trees. Products in 1866. Indian corn, 2,095,030 bushels, value, $1,424,620; wheat. 257,839 bushels, value, $317,142; Oats, 450,138 bushels, value, $207,063; potatoes, 120,319 bushels, value, $210,558. Banks. There were, in 1868, four National Banks, with $350,000 capital. 1s69.] NEBRASKA. 397 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 22. NEVADA. Capital, Carson City. Area, 112,090 square miles. Population, (1860), 6,857. The region from which this state was formed was a portion of the territory acquired by the United States from Mexico under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, belonging previous to its transfer to the department of Alta California. The first settlements were made in 1848. Nevada was organized as a territory, March 2, 1861, and admitted into the Union as a state, October 31, 1864. It extends from the 37th to the 43d nmeridian of Longitude west from Washington, and from the 42d degree of Latitude to where the Colorado river first meets the boundary of California, about latitude 35~. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NA3E. SALARY. Governor..............................HENRY G. BLASDEL.......................$6,000 LieuteizaIt Govc,ritoi...................JARIES S. SLINGEIRLAND.................... 3,000 Attorney Geerial...................... ROBERT M. CLARrE........................ 2,500 Secretary of State................C......CAUNCEY N. NOTEWARE...................3,C(00 State Treaszrer........................EBEN RHOADES.............................3,600 State Co?ptr?oller................ WM. K. PARKINSON.................... 2,000 Sizperianteodeoit Public instr?uctio?......A. N. FISHER....................3,600 Stuveyor General......................S. H. MARLETTE............................3,600 The members of the executive government are chosen by the qualified voters of the state, and hold office for four The term of office of the present government will expire on the first Monday in January, 1871. The Legislature is composed of 57 members, 19 Senators and 38 Assemblymen, chosen by the qualified voters of the counties. Every white male citizen of the United States 21 years of age, who has resided six months in the state, and thirty days in the county, is entitled to vote. Persons convicted of treason or felony and not restored to civil rights, idiots and insane persons are excluded. JUDICIARY. The judicial power of the state is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and in justices of the peace. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, who hold their offices during a period of four years. For District Court purposes the state is divided into nine districts, in each of which one of the Justices of the Supreme Court holds the sessions. The Supreme and District Courts have Chancery as well as common-law jurisdiction. The Judges and county officers are elected by the people. 'U NITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Stephen J. Field. D-lstrict Judge, Alexander W. Baldwin.; )Dist:ict Attorney, Wm. Campbell. l~arshal, Edward Irwin. SUPREME COURT. Clief Justice, H. O. Beatty. Associate Justices, J. Neely Johnson-term expires 1869; James F. Lewis-term expires 1873. Salary of each, $7,000. TERMS OF COURTS. Sutpreme Court, 1st Monday in January, April, July, and October. First Jidicial District, 1st Monday in January, March, June, and October. Second Judicial District, Oivnsby Co., 1st Mon 398 [1869. day in March, June, September, and December. Second Judicial District, Douglas Co., 1st Monday in February, May, August, and November. Third J,Idicial District, 1st Monday in February, May, August, and November. Fouith Ju.dicial District, 1st Monday in March, June, September, and December. Fifth Judicial District, 1st Monday in April, August, and December. Sixth J?,dicial District, 1st Monday in March, June, September, and December. Seventh Judicial District, Nye Co., 1st Monday in January, April, and August. Seventh Jttdicial Dietrict, Churchill Co., 1st Monday in March, July, and November. Eighth Juticialt District, 1st Monday in February, May, August, and November. NVinth Judicial District, 1st Monday in March, August, and December. FINANCES. Balance in Treasury, Jan. 1, 1866, -- Receipts from all sources, -- - - $51,000 - 425,000 - $476,000 - 320,000 $156,000 Total, Disbursements, - Balance in Treasury, Jan. 1, 1867, -- STATE DEBT. January, 1867, (coin), - - - - $278,000. The Governor in his message to the last Legislature, recommended the negotiation of a loan of $300,000, which with accruing revenues, would provide for the indebtedness of the state and the current expenses until the next meeting of the Legislature in 1869. EDUCATION. While Nevada existed as a territory, important steps were taken towards the organization of a system of public education, and since its admission into the Union as a state, this system has been farther perfected. The school laws of 1865, as amended in 1867, provide for a State Board of Education, which consists of the Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and the Surveyor General of the State. This Board has a special supervision of the State School Fund, and holds semi-annual sessions for the purpose of devising plans for its improvement and for the management and the better organization of public schools. The Superintendent of Public Instruction has a general supervision of Public Schools. There is in each county, a county superintendent elected for two years, who apportions the school money in the county treasury to school districts, and exercises a general supervision over all the public schools of his county, visiting each at least once in each year. He appoints the school trustees, where districts fail to elect, presides over and conducts county teachers' institutes, and reports annually to the State Superintendent. There are in each school district three trustees, one of whom is appointed annually by the qualified voters of the district for a term of three years. The Board of Trustees is a body corporate, with power to purchase, hold or convey school property, and it has the care of all in its district. The trustees employ teachers, provide school-rooms with maps, furniture and other necessary appendages, grade the schools, apportion the school fund, suspend or expel insubordinate pupils, and report annually to the county superintend NEVADA. 399 1sc9.] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ent. A Board of Examiners consisting of three competent persons, is appointed for each county by the State Superintendent. This Board examines all applicants and grants certificates of qualification to teachers of public schools. This state has received from the United States 3,661,680 acres of government lands, which are appropriated to educational purposes. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. Governor Blasdel in two messages to the Legislature has recommended that provision be made for the care of the insane, by creating a fund for this purpose to be drawn upon until the state is provided with an Asylum, and permanent arrangements have been made for the treatment of this unfortunate class. Before being admitted into the Union as a state, Nevada was provided with a territorial prison, and the prison buildings have thus far been found sufficient for the state. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. For ten years after the first settlement, the population increased slowly, there being less than 1,000 inhabitants within the limits of the state in 1859. The discovery of silver that year attracted immigration to such an extent that in 1861, there were nearly 17,000 inhabitants. The estimated population in 1866 was 40,000. The principal aboriginal tribes occupying this state are the Washoes and Pali Utahs in the western part of the state, and the Sashones in the eastern part. These tribes or nations are divided into many small communities or families, sparsely scattered over the country, who are generally peaceful and inoffensive. Some of the Indians are employed by the whites, and are found useful in many kinds of unskilled labor. Nevada is mostly an elevated plateau, having a general altitude of more than 4,000 feet above tide water. It has numerous chains of mountains from 1,000 to 5,000 feet above the common level of the state. These are mostly covered with forests of pine, spruce, and fir, from which superior lumber is obtained. Between the ranges of mountains are valleys from 5 to 20 miles in width, some of which are very productive, yielding from 30 to 60 bushels of wheat, and from 40 to 80 bushels of barley to the acre. The leading industrial pursuit is mining, the silver mines constituting the great source of wealth to the state. Gold was first discovered in 1849, near the Carson river, and the mines were worked with profit for several years, but have generally been abandoned for the richer silver mines. Silver was discovered in 1859, near what is known as the Comstock ledge in Storey county. This is still the most valuable silver-bearing lode found in Nevada. It has been developed to the depth of more than 700 feet, and the Sutro tunnel projected and partly completed will, when finished, enable the lode to be worked to the depth of three thousand feet or more with prospective profit. This tunnel will be 19,000 feet long, and its estimated cost is from four to 400 [1869. five millions of dollars. The great body of valuable ores contained in the Comstock ledge consists in the black and gray sulphurets of silver. Native silver is found diffused through the vein, but no large masses have been obtained. A small amount of gold has been extracted, though the proportion now is less than at first. The unexampled richness of the ores of the White Pine District attracted the attention of miners during the autumn of 1868, and caused a large accession to the population. Copper and iron mines exist in some parts of the state, and lead and coal have been discovered. Salt is abundant. The salt bed at Sands Springs in Churchill county extends over several hundred acres, much of which is a stratum of pure, coarse salt nearly a foot thick, which only requires to be gathered in heaps or thrown on a platform in order to drain off the water, when it is ready for sacking. About 50 miles west of this, is another and still more extensive salt l)ed, its superficial area being nearly 20 square miles, while in Nye or Esmeralda county, there is a bed covering more than 50 square miles, over nearly all of which the salt, clean, dry and white, lies to a depth varying from 6 inches to 2 feet. This mineral so extensively used in the reduction of silver ores, is an important source of wealth to the state. In 1866, there were in the state 170 mills completed for the crushing and reduction of ores, and a number more in the process of construction. These mills carry 2,564 stamps, weighing from 400 to 800 pounds each, the average being about 600 pounds. and have an aggregate capacity equal to 6,322 horses: average cost, about $60,000; aggregate. $10,000,000. The Gould and Curry, carrying 80 stamps and supplied with two large engines, has cost, with grounds. alterations and surroundings, over $1,000,000; several others have cost from $150,000 to $250,000, the Ophir, in Washoe valley, having cost much more. Of this number, 35 are driven by water, and the balance by steam, a few of each class using both water and steam. Of these mills, 36 are in Storey county, 34 in Lyon, 10 in Washoe, 8 in Ormsby, and I in Douglas, a total of 89, all of which are running on Comstock ore; Esmeralda county contains 21 mills, Nye 8, Lander 22, Humboldt 5, and Churchill 4. The annual product of the Comstock lode is about $16,500,000. 23. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Capilal, Concord. Area, 9,280 square miles. Population (1860), 326,073. New Hampshire was settled at Dover and Portsmouth in 1623, by the English. The settlements were annexed to Massachusetts in 1641, and continued until 1679, when New Hampshire received a separate charter. It was again connected with Massachusetts in 1689, but in 1741 it became a separate province. It was one of the original thirteen states, framed a constitution in 1776, and ratified the United States Constitution, June 21, 1788. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. SALARY. Goveeralot................................. WALTER HARRIMAN....................$1,000 Secretary of State....................... JOHN D. LYMAN......................... 800 Deputy Sec7etary of State................NATHAN W. GovE....................... 600 and fees. Treasurer...........................PETER SANBORN........................1,000 Adjutant Getzeral........................NATT HEAD............................ 1,000 Supeinteutlent of Public Iilstruction.....AMOS HADLEY...........................1,000 Treatcres. Board of Agicult'urie.........FREDERICK SMYTH...................... 26 1869.] NEW HAMPSHIRE. 401 THiE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The Governor, Councilors, five in number, and members of the Legislature are elected annually by the legal voters, on the second Tuesday of MIarch. The Secretary of State and Treasurer are chosen each year by the Legislature in joint convention. The Attorney General is appointed by the Governor. The Senate and House of Representatives are together styled the "General Court of New Hampshire," which asseinbles annually in regular session, on the first Wednesday ill June. The Senators are 12 in number, elected by districts; the Representatives are one for every town, learish or place having 150 ratable male polls, and one additional Representative for every additional 300 ratable male polls in excess of the first 150. Towns, parishes or places having less than 150 polls are classed together and elect Representatives by turns. Every male inhabitant of a town or parish with town privileges, or place unincorporated, in this State, of twenty-one years of age (excepting paupers, or persons excused from paying taxes at their own request), has a right to vote in the town, &c. wherein he dwells. JUDICIARY. The only court of general jurisdiction is the Supreme Judicial Court, which has full power as a court of equity-exercised at the law terms. The Judges are appointed by the Governor and Council, and hold their offices during good behavior; but no person can hold the office of Judge after he has attained the age of seventy years. The State is divided into four Judicial Districts, as follows: No. 1, Rockingham, Strafford and Carroll counties; No. 2, Belknap, Merrimac and Hillsborough counties; No. 3, Cheshire and Sullivan counties; No. 4, Grafton and Coos counties. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Juidge, Nathan Clifford. District Judge, Daniel Clarke; District Attorney, Charles W. Rand; Jfarshal, J. N. Patterson; Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, A. R. Hatch. SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT. Chief Justice, IraPerley, Concord. Associate Justices, Jonathan E. Sargent, Wentwvorth; Henry A. Bellows, Concord; Charles Doe, Rollinsford; George W. Nesmith, Franklin; Jeremiah Smith, Dover. Attorney General, William C. Clarke, Manchester. Relvrter, Amos Hadley, Concord. Salary of Chief Justice, $2,400, of Associate Justices, $2,200 each. TERMS OF SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT. Bel&-zapcounty-Law Terms. At Manchester, lstTuesdayof June, andat Concord, lstTuesday of December. Trial Terms. At Guilford, 4th Tuesday of March and 4th Tuesday of September. Carroll county-Law Terms. At Exeter, 34 Tuesday of June, and at Dover, 3d Tuesday of December. Trial Terms. At Ossipee, 3d Tuesday of April and October. Cheshire counry-Law Terms. At Keene, 4th Tuesday of December, and at Newport, 1st Tuesday of July. Trial Terms. At Keene, 1st Tuesday of April and October. Coos county-Law Terms. At Lancaster, 3d Tuesday of July and at Haverhill, the Tuesday next after 4th Tuesday of December. Trial Terms. At Lancaster, 4th Tuesday of April and 1st Tuesday of November. Grafton county-Law Terms. At Lancaster, 3d Tuesday of July, and at Ha-,erhill, the Tuesday next after 4th Tuesday of December. Trial Terms. At Haverhill, 4th Tuesday of March and September for the Western Judicial District, and at Plymouth, 3d Tuesday of May and November for the Eastern Judicial District. Itillsborough County-Law Termns. At Manchester, 1st Tuesday of June, and at Concord, 1st Tuesday of December. Trial Terms. At Amherst, ist Tuesday of May, at Manchester, L1st Tuesday,of January, and at Nashua, 1st Tuesday of September. 402 [1869, Merrimac county-Law Tetms. At Manchester, 1st Tuesday of June, and at Concord, 1st Tuesday of December. Trial Terms. At Concord, 1st Tuesday of October and April. BRockingham county-Law Terms. At Exeter, 3(d Tuesday of June, and at Dover, 3d Tuesday of December. Trial Tern". At Portsmouth, 3d Tuesday of October, and at Exeter, 3d Tuesday of January and 2d Tuesday of April. Straford cooenty-Law Terms. At Exeter, 3d Tuesday of June, and at Dover, 3d Tuesday of December. Trial Terms. At Dover, 2d Tuesday of February and 1st Tuesday of September. S,Ilivan county-Law Terms. At Keene, 4th Tuesday of December, and at Newport, 1st Tuesday of July. Tiial Termns. At Newport, 4th Tuesday of January and 1st Tuesday of September. FINANCES. RECEIPTS. DISBURSEMENTS. Cash in Treasury June 1, 1867......$ 55,424.48 Ordinary Expenses................$135,461.21 From State Taxes................... 624,816.81 Extraordinary Expenses............ 97,707.04 Railroad Taxes......................203,284.64 Dividends to Towns................156,945.28 Savings Bank Taxes................ 77,227.65 Literary Fund...................... 37,019.24 Sale of Public Lands................ 25,000.00 Interest............................242,388.19 Interest............................. 2,485.80 Principal of Debt.................. 828,539.50 Loans................................527,404.00 Miscellaneous....................... 1,102.00 $1,498,060.66 Cash in Treasury June 1, 1868....' 18,684.72 $1,516,745.38 $1,516,745.38 Large sums are annually received into, and paid from the Treasury, whose receipt is no income to the State, and whose disbursement is not an expenditure. The following exhibits the revenue separated from the receipts. It was derived from: Sales of Public Property............... $ 30.00 Foreign Insurance Companies...........100.00 Copyright of Reports...................100.00 Civil Commissions................ $ 572.00 Railroad Taxes...................... 111,547..76 State Tax.......................... 624,272.81 $736,622.57 The Ordinary Expenses were for: Salaries........................... $31,176.84 Legislature........................... 44,978.10 Council.............................. 797.80 Support of indigent Insane.......... 6,000.00 Support of convict Insane............ 603.29 Accounts of sundry Offices........... 995.70 Compiling Provincial Records....... $1,051.18 Publishing Laws..................... 417.60 State Printing....................... 24,919.56 Volunteer Militia..................... 24,003.15 Miscellaneous........................ 527.99 - $135,461.21 The Extraordinary Expenses were for: Legislative Resolves...............$17,000.15 S Charitable and Penal Institutions.... 39,597.15 Commissioners for revision of Statutes 6,600.00 Digest of New Hampshire Reports.. 2,800.00 STATE DEBT. Total Liabilities, June 1, 1867, Total Assets June 1, 1867, Net Indebtedness, - —. Total Liabilities, June 1, 1868, Total Assets, June 1, 1868, - - - Net Indebtedness, -. ——. Showing a reduction during the year of - - - $260,364.98 By the cancellation of certain worthless taxes and accounts, the assets were diminished $5,847.05, and the liabilities $1,918.98; so that the actual reduction of the debt during the year NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1869.] 403 State House Grounds................ $8,323.51 Military Expense.................... 4,259.59 Miscellaneous....................... 18,099.04 $96,680.04 $3,810,796.56 63,019.61 $3,747,776.95 - $3,508,027.96 20,615.99 $3,487,411.97 $260,364.98 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. has been $264,293.05. The present liabilities of the State are, on account of Trust Funds, $17,823.96; Floating Debt, $.33,404.00; Funded Debt, $3,456,800.00; Total, $3,503,027.96. The Floating Debt is represented entirely by State notes, and was reduced during the year from $109,637.50 to $33,404.00. The Funded Debt consists of bonds issued by the State, and was reduced during the year, from $3,681,700 to $3,456,800. The Assets consist of income of State Prison, $867.22; Cash in the Treasury, $18,684.72; and uncollected taxes, June 1,1868, $1,064.05. About $100,000 of the State Debt becomes due in 1869, and about $350,000 annually thereafter, until 1874, when the amount due annually is much lessened. During the year, the net reduction of the debts of the towns of the State was $220,324.93. LITERARY FUND. The receipts on account of this fund for.the fiscal year ending June 1, 1868, were from nonresident Savings Bank Taxes, $12,019.24; Sale of public l,ids, $25,000; total, $37,019.24; and the payments were, for dividend to towns of fifteen cents per scholar, $11,811.00; balance to the credit of the Fund, $25,208.24. EDUCATION. This State has one college and about fifty academies in successful operation. Dartmouth College, founded in 1769, has, beside its Academical course, a Medical, a Scientific and Agricultural Department, and a School of Architecture and Civil Engineering. The scrip donated by Congress for an Agricultural College was sold for $80,000, and the avails appropriated to establish the "New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts," in connection with Dartmouth College. The Legislature in 1867, established the office of State Superintendent of Public Instruction. This officer has the supervision of the Public Schools of the State. School committees have supervision in the towns, and a prudential committee in each district, hires teachers, and is the general financial agent. County educational associations have been established, and numerous conventions of teachers and other friends of education have been held, whereby a new and increasing interest has been awakened in the public mind, and a fresh impetus given to educational progress. Public Schools in 186(8. Number of towns and cities, 230; number making returns, 220; number of school districts, 2,287; decrease for the year, 22; number of schools, 2,487; number of scholars attending, 77,138; decrease for the year, 709; average attendance, 52,476; decrease for the year, 590; ratio of average attendance to the whole number of scholars,.68; number of children between 4 and 14 years not attending, 3,228; increase for the year, 414; number of teachers-male, 477; female, 2,465; total, 2,942; average wages of teachers,per month-male, $34.64; increase for the year, $1.55; female, $19.78; increase for the year, $1.34; number of teachers who have attended teachers' institutes, 1,018; average length of the schools in weeks, 16.83; estimated value of school-houses and lots, $1,130,698; increase for the year, $133,865; estimated value of school apparatus, $13,327.17; number of unfit houses, 427; decrease for the year, 55; expenditure in building and repailing school-houses, $86,191.73; increase for the year, $10,225.55; number of volumes in libraries reported, 55,079; amount raised by tax for support of schools, $282,606.58; increase for the year, $39,890.62; amount raised by tax beyond what the law requires, $66,528.01; increase for the year, $8,010.19; amount contributed in board, &c. to prolong the schools, $24,599.41; increase for the year, $4,596.92; amount of income from the surplus revenue money reported as used for schools, $1,840.68; of the literary fund as reported, $10,824.07; of railroad tax reported as used for schools, $7,735.30; income from local funds, $5,869.58; total expended for schools, $.333,465.62; increase for the year, $43,158.31; average amount to each scholar, $3.69; number of visits of school committees, 11,804; of prudential committees, 2,518; of others, 68,849; number of academies and other permanent schools reported for the year, 51. 404 [1869. NEW HAMPSHIRE. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The Asylum for the Insane, incorporated in 1838, has a farm of 155 acres. Its accommodations were increased in 1867-68 by the erection of a new building, 79 feet long and 38 feet wide, for excited female patients. The success of the institution has increased, its numbers beyond the original plan, mand makes it necessary to secure further additions. The Reform School, founded in 1856, has a farm of 100 acres, near Manchester. The institution has grown in public estimation, and has extended its influence and means of good to the State. It has provision for both sexes. The State Prison has been much improved the last year, by effecting a thorough ventilation of the halls and cells, by better drainage, by securing a supply of good water, and by additions to the shops. The operation of the commutation law passed by the Legislature in 1867, has been very favorable on the discipline of the prison. An evening school has been established for the benefit of those unable to read and write, and a course of lectures was provided during the winter. The effect of both has been good. Asylum for the Insane, Concord, J. P. BANCROFT, M.D., Superintendent. Number in the institution May 1, 1867-males, 122, females, 124; total, 246. Admitted during the year-males, 55, females, 63; total, 118. Whole number under care during year-males, 177, females, 187; to tal, 364. Largest number of patients at any one time-males, 121, females, 132; total 253; small est number at any time-males, 114, females, 115; total, 229. The daily average for the year for men, 118.5, women, 121.27; total, 239.77. Number of patients discharged during the year males, 52, females, 56; total, 108: died-males, 12, females, 9; total, 21; leaving, May 1, 1868males, 112, females, 123; total, 235. Of those discharged there were recovered-males, 21, females, 30; total, 51; improved-males, 19, females, 20; total, 39; not improved-males, 12, females, 6; total, 18. Age of those admitted during the year-under 15, 1; 15 to 20, 4; 20 to 30, 25; 30 to 40, 28; 40 to 50, 25; 50 to 60, 19; 60 to 70, 13; over 70, 3. Stage of disease at admission -attack recent, 59, disease confirmed, 59; first time, 71, subsequent admission, 47. Civil state, married-men, 26, women, 35; total, 61; single-men, 28, women, 21; total, 49; widowers, 1, widows, 7. Occupation-farmers, 24; household employment, 51; teachers, 4; carpenters, 4; traders, 5; clergymen, 2; laborers, 2; miscellaneous and no fixed occupation, 26. Committed by friends or guardians, 82; by cities or towns, 31; by order of courts, 5. Form of diseaseacute mania, 55; chronic mania, 19; melancholia, 15; dementia, 17; epilepsy, 5; miscellaneous, 7. Whole number ever admitted, 2,579. Reform School, Manchester, ISAAC IH. JONES, Superintendent. In the House, April 30,1867, -males, 59, females, 3; total, 79. Committed since-males, 49, females, 4; total, 53. Escaped inmates returned, 3: total, 135. Discharged-before expiration of sentence, 8; at expiration of sentence, 16; to care of friends, 6; sent to alternate, 2; cscaped, 7. Remaining, April 30, 1868-males, 82, females, 14; total, 96. Term of commitment-1 year and less, 6; 2 years, 7; 3 years, 12; 4 years, 2; 5 to 10 years, 8; during minority, 18. Crimes-stealiug, 27; stubbornness, 13; house and shop breaking, 5; attempt to set fire, 2; malicious mischief, 4; stealing letters from Post Office, 2; assault, 1; truancy, 1; total, 53. Age-10 years and under, 7; 10 to 15, 38; 16 years, 7; unknown, 1; total, 53. Nativity-New Hampshire, 34; other states, 12; foreign countries, 6; unknown, 1; total, 53. New Hampshire State Prison, Concord, JosEPH MAYO, Warden. Whole number of prisoners, May 1, 1867, 118. Received during the year, 46. Discharged-by expiration of sentence, 13; pardoned, 13; died, 3; total, 29. Remaining, April 30, 1868-males, 130, females, 5; total, 135. Whole number committed since establishment of the institution, 1,406. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of New Hampshire at each census, was: Rate of Increae. Rate of Incree. 1790............141,899............. 1830........... 269,328............ 10.31 1800...........183,762............ 29.50 1840............ 8q4,574............. 5.66 1810...........214,360............ 16.5 1850........... 317,976............ 11.74 1820............244,022.............13.90 1860............326,073............. 2.55 -1869.] 405 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Of the population in 1860, 256,982 were born in the State, 48,153 in other States, and 20,938 in foreign countries. Agriculture is the predominant interest of this State. More capital is invested in it than in all other interests combined, and the great majority of the people are engaged in its pursuit. New Hampshire is largely engaged in manufactures, abundant water-power being furnished by the Merrimac, Cocheco, and other rivers, on whose banks are many flourishing manufacturing towns. There are extensive forests, and the production of lumber is an important branch of industry. Farms. Improved land, 2,000,000 acres; number of farms, 30,000, averaging 123 acres each. Principal Products in 1866. Corn, 1,321,281 bushels, value, $1,810,155; wheat, 305,653 bushels, value, $788,585; rye, 161,559 bushels, value, $224,567; oats, 1,481,018 bushels, value, $1,007,092; barley, 105,038 bushels, value, $124,995; potatoes, 3,692,860 bushels, value, $1,809,501; hay, 665,395 tons, value, $11,897,263. Manufactures. By the census of 1860, there were 3,211 establishments engaged in mining, manufacturing and the mechanic arts, each producing $500 and upwards annually, employing $23,274,094 capital, and 18,379 male and 13,961 female hands, consuming raw material worth $20,539,857, and yielding products valued at $37.586,453. Banks. The State Banks are closing up their affairs. Their aggregate capital, May 13,1868, was $237,300. There are 40 National Banks with a capital of $4,785,000; 31 Savings institutions, with resources amounting to $14,251,970.31; amount due depositors, $13,541.534.96; increase over last year, $3,078,116.46. 24. NEW JERSEY. Capital, Trenton. Area, 7,576 square miles. Population, (1860), 672,035. New Jersey was settled at Bergen by the Dutch and Danes in 1624, but it fell into the hands of the English in 1664. In 1674, it was divided into East and West Jersey, and soon after became the exclusive property of the Quakers of Pennsylvania. The two provinces were united in 1702, and the colony was dependent on New York until 1738, when it was erected into a separate royal province. It was one of the original thirteen states, adopted a state constitution July 2, 1776, and ratified the United States Constitution December 18, 1787. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Goveror..................... T. F. RANDOLPH................Newark..................$3,000 Secretary of State..............HORACE N. CONGAR......... Trenton................. * Treasuirer......................WM. P. MCMICHAEL............Bordentown...............2,500 Comptroller....................WM. K. McDONALD............Newark................... 2,500 Attorney General...............GEo. M. ROBESON..............Camden...................1,500 iSuperintendent Public Schools.. ELLIS A. APGAR................Trenton..............2,000 Adjutant Gneral...............WM. S. STRYER...............Trenton.................... 100 Qtiarteraster General.........LEwis PERRINE............... Trenton................... 100 The Governor is chosen by a plurality vote for three years. General election on the first Tuesday in November. The Secretary of State is appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate. His term of office is five years. The Treasurer is elected by the Legislature on joint ballot for one year, and until his successor is qualified; and the State Librarian * $300 and fees. 406 [1869. is appointed for three years. The Superintendent of Schools is appointed by the Trustees of the School Fund for two years. The Adjutant and Quartermaster General are appointed by the Governor. Senators, 21 in number, are elected for three years, one-third every year; and Representatives, 60 in number, are elected each year. The pay of a member of either branch is $3.00 a day for the first forty days, $1'.50 a day afterwards. The presiding officers are paid $4.00 a day for the first forty days, and $2.00 a day afterwards. The Legislature meets annually at Trenton, on the second Tllesday of January. White male citizens of the United States, 21 years of age, who have resided one year in the state, and five months in the county, are entitled to vote. Paupers, idiots, and insane persons are excluded. The active military force of this state consists of 39 companies of riflemen, I company of cavalry, 3 of artillery, 7 of veterans, and 5 of the Hudson Brigade, organized as militiamen, and numbering about 3,000. JUDICIARY. The Court of Chancery is held by the Chancellor. The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice, and six Associate Justices, who, with the Chancellor, are appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate, and hold office for seven years. The Court of Errors and Appeals is composed of the Chancellor, the Justices of the Supreme Court, and six other Judges appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate, for six years, one judge going out of office each year. One Justice of the Supreme Court is assigned to each of the seven districts into which the state is divided. The Justices for the Districts hold Circuit Courts, and courts of Oyer and Terminer, three times a year in each county; they are also ex-officio Judges of the Courts of Common Pleas, Orphans' Courts, and courts of Quarter Sessions of the several counties. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Robert C. Grier. District Judge, Richard S. Field. District Attorney, Anthony Q. Keasby. Mars/ial, Benajah Deacon. Clerk of Circuit Court, A. Ducher. Clerk of District Court, R. HI. Shreve. STATE COURTS. ChanceYr, A. O. Zabriskie, Jersey City. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Mercer Beasley. Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, L. Q. C. Elmer, Bridgeton; Peter Vredenberg, Freehold; Joseph D. Bedle, Jersey City; David A. Depne, Newark; Van Cleve Dallimple, Morristown; George A. Woodhull, Camden. Lay Judges of the Court of Errors, George Vail, Morristown; John Clemens, Haddenfield; E. L. B. Wales, Tuckahoe; R. S. Kennedy, Stewartsville; James L. Ogden, Jersey City; Chas. S. Olden, Princeton. Clerk in Chancery, Barker Gummere. Clerk of Supreme Court, Charles P. Smith. Salaries, Chancellor, $4,000; Chief Justice, $3,600; Associate Justices, $3,500; Lay Judges, $8.00 per day during attendance at Court and mileage. TERMS OF COURTS. The Court of Chancery holds three terms annually at Trenton, on the first Tuesday in February, third Tuesday in May, and third Tuesday in October. The Supreme Court of New Jersey holds three terms annually at Trenton, on the fourth Tuesday in February, and the first Tuesday in June and November; and the Judges of this court also hold Circuit Courts and Courts of Oyer and Terminer three times a year. The Court of Errors and Appeals holds three terms annually at Trenton, on the second Tuesday in March, and the third Tuesday in June and November. 1869.] NEW JERSEY. 407 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. FINANCES. The following consolidated statement shows the aggregate of moneys received and disbursed by the Treasury, during the fiscal year ending November 30, 1867. The last column includes former balances: Receipts. Disbursements. Balane. State Fund.....................$507,743.66......................$599,056.64............. War Fund....................... 30,000.00...................... 384,914.88.............$2,688.33 School Fund.................... 102,870.79...................... 110,010.25............. 2,860.00 Agricultural College Fund...... 6,924.00...................... 6,924.00............. 545.95 State Library Fund............. 1,050.00...................... 749.73............. 300.27 Bank Note Redemption Fund.. 4,729.04....................... 6,631.89.............17,762.68 Balance in Bank Dec. 1, 1866.... 129,127.13................................... $1,132,444.62 $1,108,287.39 $24,157.23 The sources of revenue to the State Fund were: Transit duties from railroads and canals.............................................$268,259.96 State tax of 1866..................................................................... 70,000.00 Dividends, premiums on scrip, stock and interest................................... 121,213.05 Assessments on private acts, licenses and fees....................................... 13,023.25 Tax on capital stock of railroads.................................................... 99,971.15 Fines and forfeited recognizances................................................... 4,980.00 Miscellaneous and balance December 1, 1866......................................... 56,469.55 STATE DEBT. The state debt which grew out of the exigencies of the civil war, amounted, January 15, 1868, to - -. - - - $3,196,100 There falls due, January 1, 1869, of principal, - - - - 99,900 And of interest accrued at that date, - - - - - 95,883 Interest due on balance July 1, 1869, - - - - - - 92,886 The state had no debt at the commencement of 1861, and state taxes had been pretermitted for a series of years. The law, authorizing the war loans, provided for a tax to pay them. The value of taxable property in 1867, was $475,525,012, an increase of $27,050,333 in one year. EDUCATION. The College of New Jersey at Princeton, organized in 1746, is the oldest collegiate institution in the state. The State Agricultural College has been connected with Rutgers' College at New Brunswick. It is in success ful operation, combining with theory and study, the practical results of the farmer, and experiments of the laboratory. The Professor of Chemistry and Agriculture has delivered lectures on these subjects in each county in the state. The Public School system was materially changed by the act of March 21, 1867. There is a State Board of Education, consisting of 17 persons, and a State Superintendent. who has the general supervision of schools. The office of town superintendent has been abolished; a County Superintendent is appointed in each county, whose duty it is to visit every school in his jurisdiction twice each year. The County Superintendent, with such persons as he may appoint, constitutes a Board of Examiners for each county, with power to issue three grades of Teachers' certificates. The State Board of Examiners, consisting of the State Superintendent and Principal of the State Normal [1869. 408 School, also grants three grades of certificates, all higher than those granted by county examiners. The Normal School at Trenton, and the Normal Preparatory School at Beverly, are in a flourishing condition, having a larger number of students than ever before. Public Schools. In 1867 the number of children in the state between five and eighteen years of age. was 230,555. The receipts for school purposes were: Appropriated by the state, $100,000.00; received from surplus revenue. $26,531.54; from township and city tax, $726,264.09; from district tax, $32,534.79; appropriated for Normal School, $10,000.00; appropriated for Farnum School. $1,200.00; total, $896,530.42. Normal School Trenton. JOHN S. HART, LL. D., Principal. Number of pupils in Normal School during 1867. was-males, 16; females, 200; total, 216; number in the Model School -males, 215; females. 310; total. 525; number in the Farnum Preparatory School, Beverlymales, 139; females, 142; total. 281; total number of pupils that have been under instruction, has been-males, 370; females, 652; total, 1,022; an increase of 230 as compared with 1866. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The state has provided liberally for the maintenance and support of her Deaf and Dumb, Blind and Idiotic, in humane institutions at New York, Philadelphia and Hartford. The State Lunatic Asylum is in successful operation with a largely increased number of patients. The Home for Disabled Soldiers and the Soldiers' Children's Home have been established and maintained by the mlunificence of the state. A State Reform School provides a home and education for juvenile delinquents. At the close of 1867, the State Prison had nearly 550 prisoners, with accommodations for only 350. The Governor and officers strongly urge the importance of increased room and other changes for the prison. At the commencement of the year, the labor of the prisoners was divided among several contractors. Under this plan the limited shop room could not be advantageously disposed of, and other inconveniencies existed. Some of the contractors having failed to fulfill their obligations to the State and stopped work, the Inspector cooperated with the Keeper in securing a contract with a single responsible party for the labor of all the prisoners now employed in shoe-making, excepting those making shoes for prison use. Another party contracts for the labor of a portion of the prisoners in chain-making. The remainder of those able to work are employed in cane-seating, or in work for the prison. The amount appropriated by the last Legislature for books for the Prison Library was expended, and the books are in use, and with mluanifest good effect. The Inspectors assert that the indiscriminate mingling of convicts is subversive of discipline and the proper training of the prisoners. State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton. H. A. BUTTOLPH, M. D., Supe~intendent. Number of patients in asylum November 30, 1866-males, 205; females, 204; total, 409. Received during the year-males, 85: females. 127; total, 212. Discharged-recovered, 72; improved, 54; unimproved. 8; died. 37; total, 171. Remaining November 30, 1867-males, 200; females, 250; total, 450. Of this number there are-private, 91; county, 359; total, 450. Whole number of cases received and treated from opening of the Asylum, 1848-males, 1,415; females, 1,571; total, 2,986. Discharged-recovered, 1,173; improved, 818; unimproved, 96; escaped, 9; not insane, 4; died, 436; total, 2,536. New Jersey Home for Disabled Soldiers, Newark. WM. WAEENSHAW, Superntende?t. Total number of beneficiaries received during the year, 502. Discharged, 245; ex IS9.] NEW JERSEY. 409 THE AMERICAN YE.R-BOOK AND REGISTER. pelled, 23; died, 18; absented, 39; suspended, 4; sent to National Asylum, 16; total, 345. Number of beneficiaries December 1, 1867, 157. Soldiers' Children's Home, Trenton. MRS. W. L. DAYTON, President. Number of inmates December 1, 1867-males, 82; females, 57; total, 139. Of these, 12 are entire orphans; 12 have 1)both parents; 107 only mothers living; 8 only fathers, who are distabled. State Reform School, Jamesburg. LUTHAER 11. SIIELDON, Stperintenden,t. Number of boys committed from July, 1867, to December, 1867, 26. Age-9 years, 2; 10 years, 4; 11 years, 5; 12 years, 4; 13 years, 3; 14 years, 4; 16 years, 2; 18 years, 1; total, 26. Cause of commitment-larceny, 12; insubordination and vag,rancy, 11; arson, 3; total, 26. State Prison, Trenton. PETER P. ROBINSON, KIeeper. Number in confinement November 30, 186(;6, 543. Received during the year, 342. Discharged-expiration of sentence, 132; pardoned, 195; died, 8; total, 338. Remaining in confinement November 30, 1867, 550. Of these, there are-white males, 449; white females, 26; colored males, 67; colored females, 8. Term of sentence-1 year and less, 107; from 1 to 3 years, 136; 3 to 5 years, 130; 5 to 10 years, 118; 10 to 30 years, 56; for life, 3; total, 550. Nativity-Americans, 357; foreigners, 193'; total, 550. Age-20 and under, 106; 20 to 25, 150; 25 to 30, 127; 30 to 40, 79; 40 to 50, 53; 50 to 60, 17; 60 to 80, 9; total, 550. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of New Jersey at each decennial period was as follows: White. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Ine. per eent. 1790.............169,954........... 2,762............. 11,4238....184.......... 1800.............195,125.............. 4,432.............12,422............211,949..............15.10 1810.............22(,861............ 7,843.............10,851............245,555........... 15.85 1820.............257,09........... 12,460............. 7,557............277,426....13.04 1830.............300,266...........18,303.. 2,254........... 320,823...15.58 1840.............351,..........210.........6..............373,306.........16.36 1850..........46......... 23,810............ 236..........489,555.......... 31.14 1860.............646,699............25,318............. 18.........672,035..........37.27 1865..................................................773,700..............15.11 The situation of this state, the characteristics of its soil, and its proximity to New York and Philadelphia, have contributed to increase the value of its improved lands for agricultural purposes. In garden products, and in smaller fruits, it ranks as one of the first states in the Union. Great improvements have been made of late in the system of agriculture, and considerable attention has been given to draining and reclaiming the extensive marshes in the state. In minerals, the products of iron or zinc ore and marls have become an important source of wealth. The zinc mines yield more than half the product of the United States, and more than all the mines of Great Britain. In 1860, it ranked as the third state in the production of bar and rolled iron, and the value of iron founding. Its manufactures are rapidly increasing. Products. We take the principal products for 1867 from the Lecture of Prof. Cook of the Agricultural College, as follows: Bushels of, wheat, 1,763,218; rye, 1,439,497; corn, 9,723,336; oats, 4,539,132; buckwheat, 877,386; potatoes, 4,171,690; sweet potatoes, 1,0.84,832; pounds of butter, 10,714,447; tons of hay, 508,726; value of orchard products, $429,402; market garden products, $1,541,995; of slaughtered amimals, $4,120,276. Acres in farms-iimproved, 1,944,441; unimproved, 1,039,084; cash value of farmis, $180,250,838; value, per acre, $6.04; of live stock, $16,134,693. Mining products-tons of iron ore, 275,064; zinc ore, 24,456; marl, 126,740. In 1860, the products of manufacture in New Jersey were valued at $81,000,000. Banks. There are 54 National Banks, with capital paid in of $11,583,450. Railroads. There were in 1864, 26 companies and 864 miles of railroad, costing $38,892,000. In 1867, there were transported on the Camden and Amboy Railroad and Transportation Company, 5.39,688 tons freight, besides 40,667 tons coal; and on the Delaware and Raritan Canals, 1,838,968 tons coal; 2,636,7-38 cubic feet of timber, 20,.348,288 feet of lumber; 2,605,012 bushels grain and feed; 55,630 tons iron; and 365,751 tons merchandise. 410 [1869. 25. NEW YORK. Capital, Albany. Area, 47,000 square miles. Po?llation, (1865), 3,880,7;. New York was settled at New York and Albany in 1613 and 1614 by the Dutch, was ceded to the English in 1664, retaken by the Dutch in 1673, and restored to the English at the treaty of Westminster in 1674. It was one of the original thirteen states, framed a constitution in 1777, and ratified the United States Constitution, July 26, 1788. The state constitution has been amended several times. In 1868, a constitutional convention was held, and a new constitution adopted, but this has not been submitted to the people for ratification. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor.................... JOHN T. HOFFMAN.............New York................$4,000 Lieutenant Governor............ ALLEN C. BEACH...............Watertown...... $6.00 per day. Secretary of State............... IOMER A. NELSON.................Poughkeepsie......... $2,500 Caomptroller....................WILLIAM F. ALLEN............New York.............. 2,500 Treasurer..................... WHEELER H. BRISTOL.........Owego.................... 2,500 Attorney General................ M. B. CHAMPLAIN..............Cuba..................... 2,500 State Engineer and Surveyor.... VAN RENSSELAER RICHMOND... Lyons...................... 2,500 Supt. Public Instruction......... ALVAN B. WEAVER............Utica..................... 2,500 Supt. Banking Department......GEORGE W. SCHUYLER.........Ithaca....................5,000 Supt. Insurance Department.... WM. BARNES...................Albany.................. 5,000 Canal Auditor..................JAMES A. BELL................,5................ C0 Canal Commissioner8...........STEPHEN T. HAYT (1 year).....Corning...................2,000 JOHN D. FAY (2 years).........Rochester................. 2,000 OLIVER BASCOM (3 years)...... Whitehall..........2.......2,000 Inetors of State Prisons......JOHN HAMMOND (1 year)........Crown Point............... 1,600 SOLOMON SCHEU (2 years).... Buffalo....................1,600 I)AvID B. MCNEIL (3 years).... Auburn....................,000 Canal Appraisers...............BEMAN BROCKWAY.............Watertown................2,003 ELIJAH P. BROOKS.............................. 2,000 WILLIAM WASSON..............2,000 GOVERNOR'S STAFF. Adjutant General, Franllin Townsend; Inspector General, James McQuade; General of Ordnance, Wm. H. Morris; Engineer in Chiief, Wm. Mil. Tweed, Jr.; Judge-Advocate General, Jas. B. Craig; Surgeon General, Jacob S. Mosher; Quartermaster General, C. Fitch Bissell; Paymaster General, George J. Magee; Commissary General, William Seebach; Aides, colonels Robert Lenox Banks, Walter P. Warren, J. Townsend Connolly, Wm. F. Moller, William Kidd. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attorney General, State Engineer and Surveyor, are elected by the people, by a plurality vote, for two years; the Governor and Lieutenant Governor on one year, and the other officers on alternate years. The Canal Commissioners and Inspectors of State Prisons are elected for three years, one each year. The Canal Appraisers are appointed by the Governor and Senate for three years, and hold office until their successors are qualified. The Superintendent of Public Instruction is elected by the Legislature for three years. The Superintendent of the Banking Department and the Auditor of the Canal Department are appointed by the Governor with the advice and con sent of the Senate, for three years. The Adjutant General and other officers of his military staff, are appointed by the Governor. The legislative power is vested in the Senate and Assembly. The Senate consists of thirty-two members, who are elected for two years, one from each 1869.] NEW YORK. 411 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER senatorial district. The Assembly consists of one hundred and twenty-eight members, elected annually, one from each Assembly district. The pay of Senators and Members of Assembly is $3.00 per day for not over 100 days, and $1.00 for every ten miles travel. JUDICIARY. The Court for the Trial of Impeachments is composed of the President of the Senate (who is president of the court, and when absent the chief judge of the Court of Appeals presides), the Senators, or the major part of them, and the judges of the Court of Appeals, or the greater part of them. It is a court of record and when summoned, meets at Albany, and has for its clerk and officers the clerk and officers of the Senate. The Court of Appeals has full power to correct and reverse all proceedings and decisions of the Supreme Court. It is composed of eight judges, of whom four are elected (one every second year) by the people at large, for eight years, and four selected each year froml the Justices of the Supreme Court having the shortest time to serve. These selections are made alter nately from the First, Third, Fifth, and Seventh, and from the Second, Fourth, Sixth, and Eighth Judicial Districts. The Judge (of the four chosen at large) whose term first expires, presides as Chief Judge. Six Judges consti tute a quorum. Every cause must be decided within the year in which it is argued, and, unless reargued, before the close of the term after the argument. The Supreme Court has general jurisdiction in law and equity, and power to review judgments of the County Courts, and of the old Courts of Com mon Pleas. For the election of the Justices, the state is divided into eight judicial districts, the first of which elects five, and all the others four, to serve eight years. In each district one Justice goes out of office every two years. The Justice in each district whose term first expires, and who is not a Judge of the Court of Appeals, is a Presiding Justice of the court, and the clerks of the several counties serve as clerks. The County Courts are always open for the transaction of any business for which no notice is required to be given to an opposing party. At least two terms in each county for the trial of issues of law or fact, and as many more as the County Judge shall appoint, shall be held in each year. County Judges are elected for four years; they are vested with the powers of Justices of the Supreme Court at Chambers, are members of Courts of Oyer and Terminer, and, with two Justices of the Peace, constitute Courts of Sessions. The Criminal Courts are the Courts of Oyer and Terminer and the Courts of Sessions. The Courts of Oyer and Terminer in each county, except in the city and county of New York, are composed of a Justice of the Supreme Court, who presides, the County Judge, and the two Justices of the Peace chosen members of the Court of Sessions. The Presiding Justice and any two of the others form a quorum. In the city and county of New York they are held by a Justice of the Supreme Court alone. These courts are all held at the same time and place at which the Circuit Courts are held. Courts of [1869. 412 Sessions, except in the city of New York, are composed of the County Judge and the two Justices of the Peace designated as members of the Court of Sessions, and are held at the same time and place as the County Courts. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Jltdge, Samuel Nelson; District Judge-Northern District, Nathan K. Hall; Southert District, Samuel Blatchford; Eastern District, Charles L. Benedict; District Attorney-A-o'thtern District. William Dorsheimer; Southern District, Samuel G. Courtney; Eastern District, B. F. Tracy; Marshat —Yorthlern District, Edward Dodd; Southern District, Robert Murray; Eastern District, F. L. Dallon; Clerk Circuit Court-Northern District, P. A. Boyce; Southern District, Kenneth G. White; Eastern District, Charles W. Newton; Clerk District Court-Northern Distict, George Gorham; Southern District, George F. Betts; Eastern District, Samuel T. Jones. THE COURT OF APPEALS. Jud,ges. Charles Mason, Hamilton; Lewis B. Woodruff, New York; Ward Hunt, Utica; Martin Grover, Angelica; John A. Lott, Brooklyn; Amaziah B. James, Ogdensburgh; William Murray, Jr., Delhi; Charles Daniels, Buffalo. SUPREME AND CIRCUIT COURTS. First District, Geo. G. Barnard, Thomas W. Clerke, Josiah Sutherland, Daniel P. Ingraham, Albert Cardozo, all of New York; Second District, John A. Lott, Brooklyn; Joseph F. Barnard, Poughkeepsie; Jasper W. Gilbert, Brooklyn; Abraham B. Tappan, Fordham. Third District, Theodore Miller, Hudson; Charles R. Ingalls, Troy; Henry Hogeboom, nladson; Rufus W. Peckham, Albany. Fourth District, Amaziah B. James, Ogdensburgh; Enoch H. IRosecrans, Glen's Falls; Platt Potter, Schenectady; Augustus Bockes, Saratoga Springs. Fifth District, William J. Bacon, Utica; Henry A. Foster, Oswego, Joseph Mullin, Watertown; Leroy Morgan, Syracuse. Sixth District, William Murray, Jr., Delhi; Ransom Balcom, Binghamton; Douglas Boardman. Ithaca; John M. Parker, Owego. Seventh District, Charles C. Dwight, Auburn; E. Darwin Smith, Rochester; Thomas A. Johnson, Corning; James C. Smith, Canandaigua. Eighth District, Charles Daniels, Buffalo; Richard P. Marvin, Jamestown; George D. Lamont. Lockport; George Barker, Fredonia. Salaries, $3,500 each. TERMS OF COURT OF APPEALS. Four terms must be held each year, and every two years there must be one term in each judicial district. The court holds four argument terms each year, at the capitol, in the city of Albany. namely, on the 1st Tuesday of January, 4th Tuesday of March, 3d Tuesday of June, and last Tuesday of September. TERMIS OF SUPREME AND CIRCUIT COURTS. At least four general terms of the Supreme Court are held in each district every year. Every county has each year at least one special term and two Circuit Courts. Any three or more of the Justices (including one Presiding Justice) hold the general terms; and any one or more hold the special terms, at which are heard all equity cases, and Circuit Courts, which are held exclusively for the trial of issues of fact. FINANCES. Deficiency in the revenue, Sept. 30, 1867, - - $2,860,586.38 Payments of the year on account of General Fund, - - 10,208,198.46 Total, - - - -.- - - - - - $13,068,784.84 Receipts on account of General Fund, - - - - - 10,112,331.30 Deficiency of the revenue, Sept. 30, 1868, - - - - $2,956,453.54 There was due at the close of the fiscal year from the City of New York, $4,530,014.17, of which $4,000,000 has since been paid, making up the above deficiency, and leaving a large surplus. 1869.1 NEW YORK. 413 THE AJilERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. GENERAL AND OTHER FUNDS. Receipts of the year on account of all the funds except the Canal and Free School Fund, - - - - - $16,003,178.53 Balance due the Treasury, Sept. 30, 1867, - $350,009.58 Payments of year, -.- --- $14,904,647.54 15,254,657.12 Balance in the Treasury, Sept. 30, 1868, -.. ---- $748,521.41 The State Tax levied in 1868, for various purposes, amounted to $10,243,317.01. STATE DEBT. On the 30th of September, 1868, the total funded debt was $44,968,786.40, classified as follows: General Fund Debt........................................................$4,707,826.40 Contingent.................................................................. 68,000.00 Canal.....................................................................14,249,960.00 Bounty...................................................2...........5,943,000.00 Total......................................................................$44,968,X86.40 The following statement shows the amount of the State Debt, Sept. 30, 1868, after deducting the unapplied Balance of the Sinking Fund at that date: Debt on Balance of the Balane of debt after Sept. 30, 188. 8inking Funds. applying Sinking Funds. General Fund...........$4,707,826.40.......... *$153,178.54..............$4,554,647.86 Contingent.............. 68,000.00................ 15,517.82............. 52,482.18 Canal.....................14,249,960.00................ 4,017,232.43...............10,232,727.57 Bounty.................. 25,943,000.00................ tl,918,408.87.............24,024,591.13 Total...............$44,968,786.40............$6,104,337.66........... $38,864,448.74 CANAL FUND. Balance in the Treasury, and invested, Oct. 1, 1867.............................$3,840,935.66 Received during the year, ending Sept. 30, 1868................................ 5,681,226.11 Total................................................................................... $9,522,161.77 Paid during the year............................................................4,82,239.33 Leaving a balance, Sept. 30, 1868................................... $4,698,922.44 CANAL DEBT PAYING INTEREST, SEPT. 30, 1868. Prineipal. Annual Interest of. Under Art. 7, Sec. 1, of the Constitution..............$2,230,700.00..............$111,535.00 Under Art. 7, Sec. 3, of the Constitution..............10,324,100.00.............. 619,196.00 Under Art. 7, Sec. 12, of the Constitution.............. 1,68,000.00............... 101,100.00 Total....................................$14,239,800.00..........$831,831.00 EDUCATION. The institutions of higher education in this state arc mostly under the general supervision of a board styled "The Regents of the University of the State of New York." The Board consists of the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the Secretary of State, and the Superintendent of Public Instruction, as ex-offwio members, and of nineteen other persons chosen by the Legislature in the same manner as Senators in Congress, The officers of the * Includes $,350,000 due Oct. 1, 1868, and since paid. t Deducting interest accrued to Oct. 1, 1868, payable Jan. 1, 1869. 414 [1869. Regents are a Chancellor, a Vice-Chancellor, a Treasurer, a Secretary and an Assistant Secretary, who are appointed by the Board, and who hold their offices at its pleasure. The leading duties with which the Regents are charged, are the incorporation of colleges, academies and other institutions of learning, under such general rules and regulations as they may from time to time establish, and the visitation and general supervision of all colleges and academies. The Regents are the Trustees of the State Library, the Trustees of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection connected therewith. They annually apportion among the academies the sum of $40,000 from the income of the Literature Fund; also the sum of $18,000, or thereabouts, to academies appointed to instruct classes in the science of common school teaching; and $3,000 to academies which shall have raised an equal amount, for the purchase of books and philosophical and chemical apparatus. An organization consisting of the officers of colleges and academies, suibject to the visitation of the Board, and called "The University Convocation of the State of New York," holds an annual session at Albany, commencing on the first Tuesday in August. There are in the state 23 colleges, the oldest, Columbia College, having been incorporated by the colonial government in 1754. This college has, in addition to its academical department, a Law Department, and a School of Mines. The University of the City of New York has schools of Art; of Civil Engineering and Architecture; of Analytical and Practical Chemistry, and of Law. Cornell University, at Ithaca, incorporated in 1865, and opened to students in 1868, has been liberally endowed by Mr. Ezra Cornell. It has also received the donation of land scrip made to this state by the general Government to found an agricultural college. In its plan and object, it combines the advantages of a university with the practical benefits of a school of science and art. Rutger's Female College, in New York City, provides a thorough collegiate course of instruction, surpassing even many colleges for young men. Vassar College, at Poughkeepsie; The Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn; and other institutions for young ladies, offer every facility desired for complete education. The Superintendent of Public Instruction has the general supervision of Public Schools in the state. School Commissioners in the different counties, city and town superintendents in the principal cities and towns, and trustees in the school districts, exercise a local supervision over the schools in their respective localities. Great improvements have been made in the public schools of the state. The schools were made free in 1867. There are four State Normal Schools in successful operation, and four others have been authorized by law. The State Normal and Training School at Oswego has been distinguished for its influence in introducing special methods of primary instruction, known as Object Teaching. During the year 1867-68, s1g9.] NEW YORK. 415 THE AMIERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. eighty-one academies instructed teachers' classes in the science of common school teaching and government, under the supervision of the Regents of the University. Teachers' Institutes are held in nearly all the counties, principally under the direction of the County Commissioners. Public Schools. Number of children reported, between the ages of 5 and 21 years, in 1867 -in cities, 531,379, rural districts, 845,603, total, 1,376,982; number of children reported as attending school during some portion of the year, 949,208; whole number of days' attendance at school, of all children-in cities, 34,432,493, in rural districts, 42,167,499, total, 76,599,992; average daily attendance-in cities, 164,565, in rural districts, 255,392, total, 419,957; average time schools were in session was-in rural districts, 30 weeks and 3 clays, in cities, 41 weeks and 4 days; whole number of teachers employed was-male, 5,271, female, 21,218, total, 26,489: number reported as "employed at the same time for 28 weeks or more "-in cities, 3,568, in rural districts, 12,040, total, 15,608; amount expended for teachers' wages-iin cities, $2,217,028.94, in rural districts, $2,609,442.70, total, $4,826,471.64; average annual salaries of teachers-in cities, $621.36, in rural districts, $216.73; average weekly wages of teachers-in cities, $14.76, in rural districts, $7.57; amount raised for school purposes by local taxation during the year-iin cities, $3,719,142.46, in rural districts, $1,'82,612.07, total, $5,101,754.53-if to this be added for the rural districts the amount raised by rate bill, and the estimated value of board of teachers who boarded round, the amount for those districts will be $2,618,265.52. Balance in treasury, Sept. 30, 1866, $89,144.98; from the fund proper, $121,012.78; from the U. S. Deposit Fund, $165,000; interest on money in treasury, $62,809.06, total, $437,966.82; paid during year, $343,806.80; balance in treasury, Sept. 30,1867, $94,160.02. Amount of school money for school year of 1867from Common School Fund, $155,000; from U.S. Deposit Fund, $165,000; from State School tax, $2,080,134.65; total, $2,400,184.65. The money is apportioned as follows-for salaries of School Commissioners, $89,600; for libraries, $55,000; for Indian schools, $2,951; for district quotas, $743,994.80; for pupil and average attendance quotas, $1,488,088.85; for and on account of supervision in cities, $18,500; for separate neighborhoods, from Contingent Fund, $71; total, $2,8(38,205.65; balance of Contingent Fund, $1,929; total, $2,400,184.65; whole expense of maintaining the schools during the year-in cities, $3,992,893.20; in rural districts, $3,690,808.02; total, $7,683,201.22; increase for the year, $1,050,265.28. Private Schools. Number private schools reported, 1,433; number attending, 72,201; number attending academies, 34,661; average aggregate attendance for each term, during the year, 20,724; number academic students, 11,430; number in preparatory departments, 23,231; number pupils in colleges, 2,100; common schools, 949,203; total number of students, 1,058,165. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. A liberal and humane policy in relieving the subjects of misfortune and affliction has prevailed in this state firom an early period of its history. Through legislative action and the various channels of private benevolence, the means and facilities have constantly been multiplying for providing for the wants of the hapless and destitute in all the departments of public charity. The institutions already in operation for the treatment of the blind, the deaf and dumb, and the idiotic, and those of a reformatory character, are fulfilling the just expectations of the state, and producing the beneficial results contemplated, and others have been established and will soon be prepared to furnish additional accommodations for the unfortunate. A Board of Commissioners of Public State Charities, with powers 6f visitation and supervision, is appointed by the Governor. The N.Y. Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, founded in 1818, is one of the largest of its character in the world. It has maintained a high position as a school for deaf mutes, and its pupils have increased nearly 40 per cent. in the last five years. Its former principal, H. P. Peet, LL. D., who had conducted the affairs of the institution for nearly 87 years, resigned his position in 1867, and his son, Isaac L. Peet, A. M., was appointed his successor. 416 [1869. The Institution for the Blind, at New York, founded in 1831, is one of the largest of its class. Its school is thoroughly graded with a regular course of instruction, embracing the common and higher branches of an English education. An institution for the blind has been established at Batavia, and tasteful buildings erected for its use. The Asylum for Idiots was removed from Albany, in 1855, to Syracuse. It has extensive grounds, complete apparatus, and facilities for its work, which have been very successfully employed to.he great benefit of its pupils. The State Lunatic Asylum, at Utica, which' was opened in 1843, has been overcrowded for several years, and two other asylums have been established, the Willard Asylum at Ovid, and the Hudson River Asylum at Poughkeep sie. The Bloomingdale Asylum is a department of the New York Hospital in New York City. The city and county of New York support a large in sane hospital on Blackwell's Island, the Commissioners of Emigration one on Ward's Island, and there are also several county asylums. There are private insane hospitals at Flushing, Hyde Park and elsewhere. There is also an Asylum for insane convicts at Auburn. The Inebriate Asylum at Binghampton has been conveyed to the state, in accordance with an act of the Legislature. It has been quite successful in reclaiming the unfortunate class committed to its care. The Western House of Refuge for Juvenile Delinquents, at Rochester, has a farm of 42 acres of excellent land and convenient buildings, but no provision for the classification of the inmates, which the managersdeem desirable. There are a number of charitable and correctional institutions in and around New York, supported chiefly by the city. New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, New York. ISAAC LEWIS PEET, A. M., PTincipal. Number of pupils, Dec. 31, 1866-males, 263; females, 171; total, 434. Admitted during the year-males, 33; females, 38; total, 71. Left during the year, including 1 death, and 6 who remained but a short time-males, 40; females, 26; total, 66. Number of pupils, Dec. 31, 1867-males, 256; females, 183; total, 489. New York Asylum for Idiots. H. B. WILBUR, M. D., Superintendent. Number of pupils, 140; annual state appropriation, $25,000; income from pay pupils, $4,000; from counties for clothing state pupils, $2,400; annual expenses, $31,500; cost of building, grounds and furniture, $100,000. New York State Lunatic Asylum, Utica. JOHN P. GRAY, Superintendent. Number of patients, Nov. 30, 1866-males, 320; females, 321; total, 641. Admitted during the yearmales, 221; females, 180; total, 401. Discharged-recovered, 159; improved, 58; unimproved, 164; not insane, 7; died, 51; total, 439. Remaining, Nov. 30, 1867-males, 310; females, 293; total, 603. Age of those admitted-from 10 to 20, 33; 20 to 30, 116; 30 to 40, 78; 40 to 50, 75; 50 to 60, 55; 60 to 70, 34; 70 to 80, 4; total, 401. Civil condition-single, 160; married, 215; widowed, 26. Supposed cause of insanity-ill health, 161; vicious habits, 48; puerperal, 14; menstrual irregularities, 11; phthisis pulmonalis, 17; intemperance, 25; injury to head, 12; epilepsy, 7; change of life, 6; imbeciles, 6; not insane, 6; miscellaneous and unascertained, 88; total, 401. Occupation-farmers, 84; laborers, 33: housekeepers, 105; housework, 43; merchants, 8; teachers, 9; carpenters, 8; servants, 6; painters, 5; lawyers, 4; shoemakers, 4; seamstresses, 4; clerks, 5; miscellaneous and no occupation, 84; total, 401. Nativity-New York, 245; other states, 41; foreign countries, 115. Total number of admissions since opening of asylum, in 1843, 8,380. Discharged-recovered, 3,259; improved, 1,287; unimproved, 2,178; died, 1,016; not insane, 87; total, 7,777. Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush. EDWARD R. CHAPIN, M..D., Resident Physican. Patients in Asylum, Aug. 1, 1866-males, 197; females, 273; total, 470. Admitted during the year-males, 115; females, 116; total, 231. Discharged-recovered, 84; improved, 40; unimproved, 9; died, 52; total, 185. Remaining, Aug. 1, 1867-males, 211; females, 805; total, 27 1869.] NEW YORK. 417 516. Supposed cause of insanity-intemperance, 20; ill health, 29; puerperal, 12; epilepsy, 18; paralysis, 53; loss of friends, 9; business perplexities, 5; exposure, 5; religious excitement, 6; vicious habits, 12; imbecile, 15; periodical, 26; miscellaneous and unknown, 63; total, 231. Nativity-American, 79; foreigners, 152. Civil condition of those admitted since 1858-single, 806; married, 1,062; unknown, 45; total, 1,913. New York State Inebriate Asylum, Binghampton. ALBERT DAY, M.D., Superintendent. There were admitted during the year 1867, 80 patients-from New York, 42; other states, 38. Average age, 31. Civil condition-married, 35; single, 45. Discharged, 40. Remaining, Dec. 31, 1867, 40. Western House of Refuge,Rochester. SAMUEL S.WofiD,Superintendent. Numberin institution, Jan. 1, 1867, 510. Number received, 226. There were discharged-to parents, 212; to situations for work, 58; died, 7; escaped, 12. Remaining, Jan. 1, 1868, 448. Age-10 years and less, 23; 11 years, 19; 12 years, 44; 13 years, 29; 14 years, 25; 15 years, 37; 16 years, 19; between 17 and 20. 8. Parentage-American, 70; foreign, 131. Crimes-petit larceny, 151; grand larceny, 19; burglary, 12; vagrancy, 11; assault, 4; miscellaneous, 7. Whole number received since opening of institution in 1849, 2,827. STATE PRISONS. The State Prisons at Sing Sing, Auburn and Clinton seem to have been managed so as to give general satisfaction. The expenditures for 1867 were about $170,000 more than the receipts. The new constitution materially changed the system of control of State Prisons. abolished the office of Inspector, and provided for a board of five persons to be appointed by the Governor and Senate, and to hold office 10 years. State Prison, Sing Sing. S. H. JOHNSON, Agent and War?den. Number of convicts, Sept. 30, 1866-males, 1,202; females, 164; total, 1,366; number received during the year-males, 5!),; females, 63; total, 660; number discharged-males. 537; females. 81; total, 618; number diedmales. 23; females, 4; total, 27; number remaining Sept. 30, 1867-males, 1,263; females, 146; total. 1,409. of whom there were-natives-males, 670; females. 67; natives of other countries -males, 593; females, 79; the crimes for which they were convicted were-against personsmales, 150; females, 18; against property-males, 1,029; females. 127; against property and persons-males. 84; females, 1. In their habits of life, there were-temperate-males, 279; females. 75: intemperate-males, 517; females, 53; moderate-males 467; females, 18. Their ages when convicted were-14 years, 4; 15 years, 4; 16 years and less than 20-males, 193; females. 25; 20 years and less than 30-males, 770; females, 70; 30 years and less than 40-males, 187; females, 37; 40 years and less than 50-males. 72; females, 11; 50 years and less than 60males, 24: females, 2; 60 years and less than 70-males, 6; females, 1; 70 years and over, 3. The terms of their sentences were-for less than 2 years-males, 70; females, 16; 2 years and less than 3 years-males, 404; females, 52; 3 years and less than 4 years-males, 192; females, 21; 4 years and less than 5 years-males, 130; females, 12; 5 years and less than 10 years-males, 308; females. 30; 10 years and less than 20 years-males, 125; females. 5; 20 years and less than life-males, 12; females, 1; life-males, 19; females, 9; sentence of death-males, 3. State Prison, Auburn. MORGAN AUGSBURY, Agent andt Warden. Number of convicts in prison. Sept. 30, 1866, 753; number received during the year, 496; number discharged, 322; number remaining in prison, Sept. 30, 1867, 927; of whom there were-natives, 628; natives of other countries. 299; the crimes for which they were committed-against person, 134; against property, 674; against person and property, 82; against United States Government, 37; in their habits of life, there were-temperate, 199; intemperate, 499; moderate, 229; in their social relations, there were-married, 261; single, 666; their ages when convicted were-15 years, 2; 16 years and less than 20, 133; 20 years and less than 25, 308; 25 years and less than 30, 173;.30 years and less than 40, 175; 40 years and less than 50, 96; 50 years and less than 60, 27; 60 years and less than 70, 9; 70 years and over, 4; the terms of their sentences were-1 year and less than 2, 92; 2 years and less than 3, 244; 3 years and less than 4,148; 4 years and less than 5,105; 5 years and less than 10, 203; 10 years and less than 20,108; 20 years and less than 30,5; 30 years and less than 31, 1; life, 21. State Prison, Clinton. JOHN PARKHURST, Agent and Warden. Number of convicts in prison, Sept. 30, 1866, 440; number received during the year, 245; number discharged, 17t8; number remaining in prison, Sept. 30, 1867, 507; of whom there were-natives, 339; natives of other countries, 168; the crimes for which they were committed were-against person, 92; against 418 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. property. 410; against the Government, 5; in their habits of life there were-temperate, 140; intemperate, 172; moderate, 195; in their social relations there were-married, 225; single. 282; number that could read and write, 361; read only, 92; neither read nor write, 54; their ages when convicted were-14 years and less than 20, 83; 20 years and less than 30, 277; 30 years and less than 40, 87; 40 years and less than 50, 40; 50 years and less than 60, 15; 60 years and less than 70, 3; 70 years and over, 2; the terms of their sentences were-i1 year and less than 2, 54; 2 years and less than 3, 144; 3 years and less than 4, 89; 4 years and less than 5, 44; 5 years and less than 10, 88; 10 years and less than 15, 40; 15 years and less than 21, 27; life, 21. Amount expended for all purposes at the several prisons during the year ending Sept. 30, 1867. For what expended. Sing Sing. Auburn. Clinton. Salaries of officers......................$76,414.92........... $56,683.36.......... $44,578.89 Rations........................... 108,477.87..................65,300.40.................. 44,008.93 Stationery........................ 1,095.49.................. 1,024.07.................. 408.12 Discharged convicts............... 1,539.02.................. 1,928.04.................. 1,586.75 Furniture.......................... 675.10.................. 153.25................. 559.55 Hospital........................... 2,303.46................. 1,568.87............... 307.09 Clothing and bedding.............. 31,845.09............20,613.63............ 17,496.34 Building and repairs............... 11,187.01.................. 4,806.24.................. 150.49 Oil, fuel, gas, etc.................... 10,319.48.......... 7,686.24.................. 2,852.98 Hay and grain..................... 224.03................. 1,390.14.................. 19.20 Stock and materials.................................. 4,387.18.................. 904.35 Miscellaneous...................... 11,118.75.................. 4,262.34.................. 6,259.87 Manufacturing purposes...............................................189,606.61 $255,200.22 $169,803.76 $308,239.17 POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of the state at different periods was as follows: White. Free Colored. Saves. Total. Ino. per eent. 1790............ 314,142............ 4,654............ 21,324........... 340,120. 1800............ 556,039............10,374............. 20,343........... 586,756.............72.51 1810............ 918,699...........25,,........... 15,017........... 959,049............. 63.45 1820............ 1,332,744............29,279............10,088...........1,372,111.............43.14 1830............1,878,663............44,870............ 75...........1,918,608............. 39.76 1840............2,378,890........... 50,027............ 4...........2,428,921.............26.60 1850............ 3,048,325............49,069.......................3,097,394.............27.52 1860............ 3,831,730...........49,005.......................3,880,735.............25.29 1865...................................3,831,777............ *1.26 The rank in population which this state has held among the states, was the fifth in 1790, the third in 1800, the second in 1810, and the first in 1820, and ever since. The yearly arrivals of emigrants at the port of New York for the last 20 years, were: 1849....... 220,791 1854........319, 1859..... 79,322 1864........ 225,216 1850........212,603 1855....... 136,823 1860........105,162 1865....... 196,347 1851........289,601 1856..... 142,342 1861........ 65,529. 1866........233,398 1852.....300,992 1857........183,773 1862........ 76,306 1867........242,371 1853......284,945 1858........ 78,589 1863........156,844 18&6........213,686 The larger numbers were from England, Germany and Ireland. The arrival from these countries, the last three years, were.: 1866. - 1867. 1868. Germany...................106,716....................117,591....................101,989 Ireland............6,04......... 6, 65,137.................... 47,571 England...............8.6,186.................... 33,711................ 29,692 * Decrease. 1869.] NEW YORK. 419 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. This state also ranks first in wealth. Its variety of soil and diversity of climate are favorable to a variety of agricultural productions. The value of its annual crop of oats, barley, potatoes and hay is greater than that of any other state, and the value of the latter product is more than twice as great. Large quantities of wheat, Indian corn, buckwheat, rye and various fruits and vegetables are also produced. Its manufactures are very extensive, and it surpasses every other state in the amount and extent of its commerce. During the year 1867, the receipts for customs collected at the port of New York were $114,035,984. Seven-eighths of the entire tariff revenue of the country are collected at the New York custom house. In internal improvements, this state took the lead, and its canals and railroads have not only contributed largely to its own wealth, but also to the wealth and industry of other states. The value of articles passing over the canals in 1866, was $270,963,676, and 68,375 tons of merchandise went to other states, by way of Buffalo. The principal mineral products are iron, salt and marble. (For an amccount of the Popu,lation, Wealth and Industry of New York City, see under that head). Agricultural Products in 1866. Corn, 22,809,893bushels, value, $26,459,475; wheat, 12,556,406 bushels, value, $33,525,604; rye, 5,309,874 bushels, value, $6,424,947; oats, 54,029,350 bushels, value, $32,957,903; barley, 4,459,288 bushels, value, $4,726,845; buckwheat, 6,476,597 bushels, value, $5,958,469; potatoes, 31,156,676 bushels, value, $21,498,106; tobacco, 9,824,384 pounds, value, $1,326,291; hay, 4,759,516 tons, value, $77,008,969. Receipts of Lumber by canal at tide water, for last six years: Boards and Scantling-Feet. Shingles-Thous. Timber-cubic feet. Staves-Pounds 1863............466,304,600......... 96,100.............5,560,600.....282,478,000 1864............ 495,287,400...........30,832..1.......2.......286,250,000 1865............ 49235,200.........34,096..;722,500............223,274,000 1866......... 641,555,400.........-54,528.............4,084,800............290,060,000 1867...........675,055,455.............44,392........... 369,800273,88951 1868...... 736,653,998............65............2417,663............ Receipts of lumber by canals at Albany, for last six years: Boards and Scantling-Feet. Shingles-Thous Timber-cubic feet Stares-:/Pound ~~~.......... 1863.........243,611,500..........21,223..........307,700.146,746,300 1864 25,418,0......24,000......... 0............86,790,000 1865.8,998,400........ 24,048...........186,150 25,046,000 1866.............333,508,100..............39,594..............260,619............ 27,908,700 1867............382,883,955..............26,880...... I.....62,705............ 31,460,271 1868............437,097,000..............37,069........,0...... 66,9............ Banks. The whole number of National Banks organized in the state is 314, of which 15 are closed or closing, leaving 299 in operation, with a paid up capital of $116,544,941. Insurance Companies. There are 114 Fire Insurance companies, with a capital of $29,111,332; total assets, Jan. 1, 1868, $46,543,631.83; net cash premiums received in 1867, $24,066,468.95; total income, $27,169,686.75; total loss in 1867, as reported, $14,313,431.07; net amount of risks written in 1867, $2,508,426,421.33. Imports, for year ending June 30,1868, were valued at $243,713,045, and the exports for the same time were valued at $250,868,305. 420 [1869. 26. NORTH CAROLINA. Capital, Raleigh. Area, 50,704 square miles. PatIn, (1860), 992,622. North Carolina was settled at Albemarle by the English, (emigrants from Virginia), in 1650, and was chartered, March 20, 1663. It was one of the original thirteen States, adopted a State constitution, Dec. 18, 1776, and ratified the United States constitution, Nov. 21, 1789. An ordinance of secession was adopted, May 20, 1861, and declared null and void, Oct. 7, 1865. A provisional governor was appointed by the President, March 29, 1865. By act of Congress, March 2, 1867, this State became part of the 2d military district under the command of Major General Daniel E. Sickles, until the 26th of August, when he was removed by the President, and Major General E. R. S. Canby appointed in his place. A State convention was held in 1868, and a new constitution framed, which was submitted to the people and ratified by a majority, April 21-23. The State was re-admitted into the Union by act of Congress, June 25, 1868. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Covernor................ WM. W. HOLDEN..............Raleigh............. *Not fixed. Lieutenant Governor........... TOD R CALDWELL.............Morganton........... " Secretary of State..............HENRY J. MENNINGER.........Newbern............. " Treasurer......................DAVID A. JENKINS............Gaston............... Auditor........................HENDERSON H. ADAMS.........Davidson............ " Attorney General............... Wm. COLEMAN.................Concord.............. Supt. of Public Instruction....... S. ASHLEY..................Wilmington.......... " Supt. of Public Works..........C. L. HARRIS...................Rutherforton......... Adjutant General............ A. W. FISHER............... Bladen Co............ State Librarian.................H. D. COLERY.......................... All the above officers, except the Adjutant General, are elected by the qualified voters of the State on the first Thursday in August every fourth year, and hold office fobur years from the 1st day of January next after their election. The present S-tatofficers were elected, April, 1868, and hold their offices four years from and after the first day of January, 1869. The Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Works, and Superintendent of Public Instruction ex-officio constitute the Council of State, who advise the Governor in the execution of his office, and three of whom constitute a quorum; their advice and proceedings in this capacity are entered in a Journal, to be kept for this purpose exclusively, and such Journal is placed before the General Assembly when called for by either House. The constitution provides that there shall be established in the office of the Secretary of State, a Bureau of Statistics, Agriculture and Immigration, under such regulations as the General Assembly may provide. The Senate is composed of 50 members; and the House of Representatives of 120 members. The State is divided into 43 senatorial districts, each of which elects one Senator only, except the 1st, 10th, 13th, 16th, 19th, 21st and 26th, which elect two each. Representatives are apportioned to the different counties, accord *The salaries had not been fixed, November, 1868. 1869.] NORTH CAROLINA. 421 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ing to population, but each county has at least one Representative. Senators and Representatives are elected biennially, by ballot, on the first Thursday in August, for two years. Every male citizen, twenty-one years of age or upward, who has resided in the State 12 months, and in the county 30 days preceding an election, is entitled to vote. No person can vote without being registered. The following persons are disqualified by the constitution: All persons who shall deny the being of Almighty God, and all persons who shall have been convicted of treason, perjury or of any other infamous crime since becoming citizens of the United States, or of corruption or mal-practice in office, unless such person shall have been legally restored to the rights of citizenship. JUDICIARY. The judicial power of the State is vested in a Court for the trial of Impeachments, a Supreme Court, Superior Courts, Courts of Justices of the Peace, and Special Courts. The Senate is the Court for the trial of Impeachments. A majority of the members is necessary to a quorum, and the judgment must not extend beyond removal from, and disqualification to hold office in this State; but the party shall be liable to indictment and punishment according to law. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices. This Court has jurisdiction to review, upon appeal, any decision of the courts below, upon any matter of law or legal inference; but no issue of fact may be tried before this court. The court has power to issue any remedial writs necessary to give it a general supervision and control of the inferior courts, and it has original jurisdiction to hear claims against the State, but its decisions are recommendatory. The State is divided into twelve judicial districts, for each of which a judge is chosen, who is to hold a Superior Court in each county in said dis. trict, at least twice in each year, to continue for two weeks unless the business shall be sooner disposed of. Every Judge of the Superior Court must reside in his district while holding office. The Judges may exchange districts with each other with the consent of the Governor. The Superior Courts have ex. clusive original jurisdiction of all civil actions, whereof exclusive original jurisdiction is not given to some other courts; and of all criminal actions, in which the punishment may exceed a fine of fifty dollars or imprisonment for one month; and appellate jurisdiction of all issues of law or fact, determined by a Probate Judge or a Justice of the Peace, where the matter in controversy exceeds twenty-five dollars, and of matters of law in all cases. Clerks for the Superior Courts hold their offices for four years. The Justices of the Supreme Court and the Judges of the Superior Court are elected by the qualified voters of the State, for eight years; but the Judges of the Superior Courts chosen at the first election under the new constitution were divided by lot into two equal classes, one of which holds office for four years, the other for eight years. A Solicitor is elected for each judicial dis trict by the qualified voters thereof, as is prescribed for members of the Gen 422 [1869. eral Assembly, who holds office for the term of four years, and is to prosecute on behalf of the State, in all criminal actions in the Superior Courts, and advise the officers of justice in his district. In each county, a Sheriff and Coroner are elected and hold their offices for two years. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Salmon P. Chase; District Judge, George W. Brooks; District Attorney, D. H. Starbuck; Marshal, Daniel R. Goodloe; Clerks District Court, Samuel T. Bond, Charles Hibbard, William Larkins. SUPREME COURT. Cilief Jutstice, R. M. Pearson, Yadkin Co. Associate Justices, Edwin G. Reade, Person Co.; Wm. B. Rodman, Beaufort; R. P. Dick, Guilford; Thos. Settle, Rockingham; Wm. M. Coleman, and Samuel F. Phillips, Wake Co. Clerk, C. B. Root; Marshal, James Litchford, both of Wake Co. Salaries of Judges, $2,500 each. SUPERTIOR COURT. Judges-lst District, Charles C. Pool; 2d D)istrict, Edmund W. Jones; 3d District, Charles R. Thomas; 4th District, Daniel L. Russell, Jr.; 5th District, Ralph P. Buxton; 6tl District, Samuel W. Watts; 7th District, Albion W. Tourgee; 8th District, John M. Cloud; 9tk District, Geo. W. Logan; o10th District, Anderson Mitchell; 11th District, James L. Henry; 12th District, Riley H. Cannon. Salaries, $2,500 each. TERMS OF COURTS. Supreme Court. There are two terms held at Raleigh, in each year, commencing on the first Monday in January, and the first Monday in June, and continuing as long as the public interests may require. Superior Court. At least two Courts must be held in each county twice in each year, to continue for two weeks. In the 4th Judicial District, the terms are as follows: Rlobeson Cb., 4th Monday in August and February. Bladen Co., 2d Monday; Columbus Co., 4th Monday; Bremtwick Co., 6th Monday; New Hanover Co., 8th Monday; Sampsen Co., 10th Monday; and Duplin Co., 12th Monday after the 4th Monday in August and February. FINANCES. Balance in hands of Public treasurer, Oct. 1, 1867, - - Receipts for Literary Fund, for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1868 Receipts of Public Fund for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1868, $258,681.64 21,564.64 1,925,564.98 $2,205,811.26 Disbursements of Literary Fund for year ending Sept. 30, 1868, - -—.1 Disbursements of Public Fund for same time, $2,055,775.42 Leaving in hands of Public Treasurer, Oct. 1, 1868, $150,035.84 There has been a large deficiency of taxes due on or before Oct. 1, 156w, for several reasons: 1st. The bad crops of 186w caused the people to l)e, in many cases, unable to pay their taxes. 2d. In many eases, the out-going Sheriffs made little exertion to collect the taxes, and the in-coming Sheriffs qnalified so late as to be unable fully to meet their obligations at the Treasury. Sd. In some instances, the out-going officers collected "County Orders," which the in-coming Sheriffs did not feel authorized to accept. This dispute delayed settlement of the State taxes. Bonds dated before May 20, 1861, -. - - - $8,511,000 Those dated since May 20, 1865, - - - - - 10,698,945 Total issued to Oct. 1,1868, including $2,000,000 accrued interest, $19,209,945 1869.] I NORTH CAROLINA. 423 $35,866.01 2,019,909.41 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Of the above amount, $3,200,000 had been delivered to the Chatham Railroad Company, in exchange for their bonds, and it was expected that the company would meet the interest due thereon. If this should be so, the debt on which the State must pay interest, outstanding on October 1, 1868, would be $16,009,945. The interest to be raised by the State, the present fiscal year will be, Oct. 1, 1868, $112,101 Jan. 1, 1869, $308,197; April 1, 1869, $304,101; July 1, 1869, $:308,197; total for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1869, $1,032,596. The expenses of the State government as estimated from appropriations already made, and supposing a session of the General Assembly of ninety days, will not probably be less than $375,000. This added to the interest above, makes the whole amount for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1869], $1,407,596. EDUCATION. The University of North Carolina with its lands, emoluments and franchises, is under the control of the State, and is to be held to an inseparable connection with the Free Public School System of the State. The benefits of the University as far as practicable are to be extended to the youth of the State, free of expense for tuition. Previous to the late war, this institution was in a very flourishing condition, but its resources have been crippled by the failure of the State Bank, in which $200,000 of its endowment was invested. The Board of Education elect for the University one Trustee for each county in the State, whose term of office is eight years. One-fourth of the Trustees are chosen every second year. The Board of education arid the President of the University are ex-olcio members of the Board of Trustees, and with three other Trustees to be appointed by the Board, constitute the Executive Committee of the Trustees of the University of North Carolina. The Governor is ex-officio President of the Board of Trustees, and Chairman of the Executive Committee of the University. Before the war, public schools were maintained in the State, by means of the income derived from the Literary Fund,.which amounted to $2,500,000 in 1860. About half of this fund was swept away by the war; and the system of district schools which had brought a rudimentary education within the reach of all, free of cost, was prostrated, but measures have been taken to revive it. The constitution provides for a general.and uniform system of Free Public Schools. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, Superintendent of Public Works, Superintendent of Public Instruction and Attorney General, constitute a State Board of Education, which succeeds to all the powers and trusts of the President and Directors of the Literary Fund of North Carolina, and has full power to legislate and make all needful rules and regulations in relation to Free Public Schools, and the Educational Fund. The Superintendent of Public' Instruction has the chief oversight of the schools. Each county is divided into school districts, in each of which one or more public schools must be maintained at least four months in the year. The schools of each county are under the supervision and control of county commissioners elected biennially.. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The constitution requires the General Assembly to appoint and define the duties of a Board of Public Charities, to whom shall be intrusted the supervision of all charitable and penal State institutions. Provision is to be 424 [1869. made for the education and care of deaf mutes, of the blind, insane, and of idiots and inebriates at the charge of the State. One or more Orphan Houses are to be established. The Asylum for the Insane was opened for the reception of patients, Feb. 22, 1856. During the first ten years of its existence, it had 693 inmates. It suffered severely during the late war, both from the removal and destruction of fences, and from the difficulty of procuring supplies. Since the close of the war, the fences have been replaced, the buildings repaired, and the capabilities of the institution increased. The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, after being closed for a short time, was re-opened January 1, 1866. This also suffered by the war, but the buildings have been repaired, new furniture purchased, and the institution put in a condition for its work. Pupils are employed from two to three hours a day in book-binding, and in making shoes and brooms. The State has had no State Prison, but the constitution of 1868 requires the General Assembly to make provision for the erection and conduct of a State Prison or Penitentiary at some central point. The General Assembly may also provide for the erection of a House of Correction, and may establish Houses of Refuge. Insane Asylum, Raleigh. E. C. FISHER, M. D., Superinten dent. Number of patients in Asylum Nov. 1, 1864-males, 96, females, 84; total, 180. Admitted during the two years-males, 61, females, 46; total, 107. Whole number under treatment during the two years-males, 157, females, 130; total, 27. Number of patients discharged during the two years-males, 43, females, 19; total, 62; recovered, 22; improved, 9; unimproved, 20. Number died-males, 32, females, 27; total, 59. Eloped, 11. Remaining Nov. 1,1866-males, 82, females, 83; total, 165. Supposed cause of insanity of those in the Asylum during the two years-ill health, 27; intemperance, 10; epilepsy, 17; domestic troubles, 12; the war, 18; hereditary, 7; miscellaneous and unknown, 202; total, 287. There were unmarried, 165; married, 94; widowed, 28. Age when insanity is supposed to have commenced-less than 5 years of age, 3; 5 to 10, 4; 10 to 15, 6; 15 to 20, 33; 20 to 25, 35; 25 to 30, 37; 30 to 35, 27; 35 to 40, 26; 40 to 50, 27; 50 to 60, 18; 60 to 70,6; unknown, 65; total, 287. Receipts: Balance in hand Sept. 30, 1865, $0.89; received from Public Treasurer, $41,258.90; from pay patients for board, $6,860.92; miscellaneous, $112; total, $48,242.71. For year's support, $39,493.67; for improvements and for articles used prior to Sept. 30, 1865, $7,492.19; balance on hand Oct. 1, 1866, $1,256.85; total, $48,242.71. North Carolina Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind, Raleigh. W. J. PALMER, Principal. Number of pupils during the year ending Sept. 1,1867-males, 56, females, 37; total, 93. Of these, 67 are deaf mutes, and 26 are blind. Receipts: To cash in hand Sept. 1, 1867, $77.44; received from public treasurer, $29,650; from mechanical department, $2,797.49; from board and tuition, $755.70; miscellaneous, $270; total, $33,550.63. Expenditures, $30,313.56.; balance in hand July 1, 1868, $3,237.07; total, $33,550.63. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. No census has been taken by the State, but the following summary from the United States census, exhibits the population of the State at different periods. The highest per cent. of increase was from 1790 to 1800, when it was 21.42 per cent. Census W hites Free Cd S ves. T ta.. Increas e p.r 1790..........,2(4............ 4,975.............100,57`2............393,751............ 1800.............337,764............ 7,043............133,296............478,103............'21.42 1810........376,410..........10,266........168,824.........555,500..........16.19 1820.............419,200............14,61.2.......205,217............638,829............15.00 1830.............47'2,843............19,543.............245,661............737,987............15.52 1840.............484,870............22,732.............245,817............753,419........... 2.09 1850.............553,028............27,463.............288,548............869,039.............15.35 1860.............631,000............30,463.............331,059............992,622............14.209 1869.]I NORTH CAROLINA. 425 THE MAIERICAiN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The State is naturally divided into three sections-a low plain on the east, nearly level, extending about 150 miles from the coast, mostly covered with pines; the middle or hilly section, and the western or mountainous plateau. The productions are chiefly agricultural. Fisheries abound in the sounds and rivers of the eastern counties. The species of fish mostly taken are the herring, shad, blue-fish, mullet and rock. The number of barrels annually packed for market, is about 100,000 on the waters of Albemarle Sound. Considerable quantities are packed at other points. The most important minerals are coal, iron, gold, copper, silver, lead, and plumbago. The coal is bituminous, and exists in two beds, situated one hundred and two hundred miles from the coast, on Cape Fear River and on Dan River. It is accessible, abundant and of good quality. Iron ore of excellent quality abounds in all parts of the State; the principal seat of its manufacture being on the Cape Fear, Catawba and Yadkin rivers. Gold is found in almost all parts of the State, especially in the middle region; the annual product for many years has been about $250,000. Copper mines abound in the middle, northern and western counties. Plumbago is found in great abundance near the capital, and again in the western region. According to the census of 1860, there were 6,500,000 acres of improved land, or about one-fifth of the area of the State. Products in 1866 Corn, 21,656,566 bushels, value $24,255,354; wheat, 2,846,223 bushels, value, $7,741,727; rye, 371,327 bushels, value $631,256; oats, 2,948,771 bushels, value, $2,092,627; potatoes, 830,565 bushels, value, $588,701; tobacco, 39,423,900 pounds, value, $8,051,399; hay, 163,229 tons, value, $2,121,977. Manufactures. The amount invested in the manufacture of cotton was $2,250,000; lumber, $1,000,000; turpentine, $2,000,000; iron, $500,000; and wool, $350,000. Banks. There were in North Carolina, September 30, 1868, 6 National Banks, with a capital of $653,300. 27. OHIO. Capital, Columbus. Area, 39,964 square miles. Poputation, (1860), 2,339,511. This state was formed from the North-Western terrlTitory, ceded to the United States by Virginia, in 1783. It was settled at Marietta in 1788, by emigrants from New England, and admitted into the Union as a state, April 30, 1802. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE SALARY. Governor.......................R. B. HAYEs.......... Cincinnati...............$4,000 Lieutenant Governor............JOHN C. LEE...................Tiffin...................... 800 Secretary of State...............IsAAc R. SHERWOOD.............................2,000 Auditor........................JAMEs H. GODMAN........ Marion...................3,000 Treasurer......................SIDNEY S. WARNER............Huntington...............3,000 Comuptroller of Treasury.......M. R. BRAILEY.................Swanton............... 1,700 Attorney General...............W. H. WEST...................Bellefontaine..............1,500 Commissioner of Schools........JOHN A. NORRm...............Cadiz..................... 2,000 Secretary Board of Agriculture..JoHN H. KLIPPART............Columbus................*2,500 Board of Public Works.........JOHN M. BARRERE.............New Market............... 800 PH. V. HERZING................St. Mary's................. S800 JAMES MOORE..................Mohawk Village........... 800 *This Salary is not paid by the state, and out of it the assistants must be paid. 426 [1869. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor and Treasurer are elected by the people for two years, and the Secretary of State and Attorney General for the same period; but their election takes place on alternate years. The Comptroller of the Treasury, and State School Commissioner are elected for three years, and the Auditor of State for four years. The members of the Board of Public Works are elected for three years, one going out of office each year. The Senators and Representatives are elected for two years. The number of each differs with different years, according to a schedule in the act of apportionment. There are in the present Senate, 37 senators, and in the House, 105 representatives. The regular sessions of the Legislature are biennial, commencing on the first Monday of January of the even years. The general election is the second Tuesday in October. White male citizens of the United States twenty-one years of age, who have resided one year in the state, are entitled to vote. t Soldiers, marines, idiots, and insane persons are excluded. STATE MILITIA. Commander-in- Chief........ R. B. HAYES...................................Columbus. Staff................. CoL. L. MARKBREIT, A. D. C................... Cincinnati. COL. H. J. COYELL, A. D. C.................. Ashtabula. Adjutant General.............EDWARD F. SCHRNEIDER........................Columbus. Asst. Adcljutant General.......WILLIAI A. KNAPP............................Columbus. Quai-te,waster General......D. W. H. DAY.................................Columbus. Surgeor General.............SAUuL D. TURNEY................... Circleville. JUDICIARY. The Supreme Court consists of five Judges, chosen by the people for a term of five years, one judge retiring from office each year unless re-elected. The Judge having the shortest time to serve is Chief Justice. This Court has original jurisdiction in quo warranto, mandamnus, habeas corpus, and procedendo, and appellate jurisdiction in all other matters. It holds at least one term each year at Columbus, and such other terms as may be provided by law. The state is divided into ten Common Pleas districts, each of which, except that for Hamilton County, is subdivided into three or more parts, from each of which parts, one judge, to reside while in office in his district, is chosen by the electors of each subdivision for five years. In several districts, some of the subdivisions elect two or more judges each. Courts of Common Pleas are held by one or more of the judges in every county, and more than one court may be held at the same time, in each district. District Courts, composed of the judges of the Courts of Common Pleas of the respective districts, and of one of the judges of the Supreme Court, any three of whom form a quorum, are held in each county at least once in each year. The District Courts have the same original jurisdiction with the Supreme Court. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Noah H. Swayne. District Judge-Northera District, Charles T, Sherman. Southern District, H. H. Leavitt. District Attorney-Northern District, F. J. Dickman. So04 18s9.] OHIO. 427 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ern District, Durbin Ward. Marshal-Northern District, Russell Hastings. Sou?thern District, H. Hickenlooper. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts-Northern District, F. W. Green. Southe-n District, John McLean. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, Luther Day, Ravenna. Judges, William White, Springfield; John Welch, Athens; Jacob Brinkerhoff, Mansfield: Josiah Scott, Hamilton. Salaries, $3,000 each. Ckerk, Rodney Foos, Wilmington. Reporter, L. J. Critchfield, Columbus. FINANCES. Balance in Treasury, November 15, 1867, - Receipts during the year, - - - - $667,990.79 -.-.- 4,347,484.82 $5,025,475.61 - 4,455,354.86 - - $570,120.75 Balance in Treasury, November 15, 1868, - The disbursements were from the following funds: General Revenue Fund............................................................$1,518,210.35 Canal Fund......................................................................... 14,939.39 National Road Fund.............................................................. 18,829.36 Sinking Fund.......................................................................1,472,226.33 Common School Fund...............................................................1,426,868.80 Bank Redemption Fund............................................................. 16.95 Soldiers' Claims Fund......................................................... 3,781.68 Soldiers' Allotment Fund........................................................ 482.00 STATE DEBT. Amount of the Public Funded Debt, Nov. 15, 1867, - - $11,031,941.56 During the year the redemptions on the Loan of 1860, were, - -. - - - - - $14,650.67 Of Foreign Union Loan of 1868, - - - 191,166.00 Of Domestic Loan of 1868, - - - - - 136,088.13 Of Loan of 1870, ---- - I.-. 157,361.33 499,266.13 Debt outstanding, Nov. 15, 1868, - - - - - -.$10,532,675.43 EDUCATION. According to the report of the Commissioner of Common Schools, there were in this state in 1867, 26 Colleges, 43 Ladies Seminaries,' 65 Academies and Normal Schools, and 647 Privato Schools, The statistics of these institutions, which returned an answer to our inquiries, are given under Colleges and Collegiate Institutions. (See page 200). The general supervision of the public schools of the state is placed in the hands of a State Commissioner, elected by the people. The very able report made by this officer in 1868, after giving a full account of the public schools of the state, recommends the adoption of the following measures: 1st. A system of county supervision of schools; 2d. A system of professional instruction for teachers; 3d. The abolition of the sub-district system, and the adoption of the township or district system; 4th. The distribution of the 428 [1869. Disbursements, t State's gratuity on the base of aggregate school attendance, instead of as now, on the basis of enumeration. A State Board of Examiners, organized in 1864, is authorized to issue state certificates to such teachers as are found qualified, said certificates being valid during the life-time of the holder, unless revoked by the State Board. In cities, towns, andincorporated villages, a local board of education has supervision of Public Schools, with power to lay taxes within certain limits for school purposes. Separate school districts containing not less than 275 inhabitants, may be organized, and in such districts a board of education, consisting of the persons chosen by the legal voters, has similar authority. Public Schools. Number of unmarried youth between the ages of five and twenty-one, enumerated, white-male, 494,458; female, 477,247; total, 971,705; colored-male, 12,026; female, 11,519; total, 23,545; whole number, 995,250. Number of townships not organized as separate school districts, 1867, 1,348; number of subschool districts-single, 9,892; joint, 871; total, 10,763; number of separate school districts, 351; number of districts-organized under School Law for cities, towns, etc., 71; organized under Akron Law, 62; organized under special laws, 7. Number of school houses-frame, 8,441; brick, 2,031; stone, 96; log, 785; total, 11,353; number of school houses in sub-school districts-having suitable out-buildings, 1867, 3,345; with grounds properly fenced, 2,489; whole number erected, 1867-frame, 412; brick, 137; total, 549; total cost of school houses, $955,792; total value of school houses and grounds, $9,072,443. Number of volumes in libraries (reported), 1867, 310,328; number of consolidated librariesrequired by law, 1,348; reported, 1867, 624; number of townships having school libraries, 699; total value of school apparatus, $151,717. Number of different teachers employed, 1867-male, 8,348; female, 13,220; total, 21,568; number in common schools, 12,909; in high schools, 153; in German and English schools, 37; in colored schools, 121; whole number of teachers necessary to supply schools, 13,588; whole number of certificates granted to teachers, 1867-to males, 8,123; to females, 10,807; total, 18,930. Average monthly wages of teachers-male, in common schools, $38.52; in high schools, $87.10; in German and English schools, $52.65; in colored schools, $37.44; female-in common schools, $23.80; min high schools, $43.97; in German and English schools, $35.86; in colored schools, $28.17. Number of sub-districts in which teachers "boarded around," 1867, 11,739. Number of schools-common, 11,373; high, 151; German and English, 33; colored, 182; total, 11,739. Average number of weeks schools were in session, 1867-common schools, 27.33; high schools, 35.45; German and English schools, 35.90; colored schools, 21.56. Number of scholars enrolled in the schools, 704,767; number in common schools, 1867-male, 356,482; female, 322,744; total, 679,226; in high schools-male, 5,102; female, 6,253; total, 11,355; in German and English schools-male, 2,123; female, 1,977; total, 4,100; in colored schools -male, 5,134; female, 4,952; total, 10,086; total average of daily attendance, 1867, 397,486. Per centum-of enrollment on number enumerated, 1867, 70; of average daily attendance on number enumerated, 40; of average daily attendance, 56.4. Principal of Irreducible School Fund, Nov. 15, 1866, $3,34,500.52; rate of state tax, 1867, (mills), 1.30; average rate of local tax (township), 1866-7; (mills), 2.66; average rate of local tax (separate districts), 1866-7, (mills), 4.83. Receipts-balance on hand, Sept. 1, 1866, $1,320,466.56; from Irreducible School Fund, $221,800.10; state tax, $1,409,403.50; local tax, $3,019,055.72; fines, licenses, etc., $208,660.92; total, $6,179,386.80. Expenditures-payment of teachers, $3,195,227.54; sites, buildings and repairs, $1,026,208.99; fuel and other contingent expenses, $542,027.42; total, $4,763,463.95. Private Schools. Whole number reported, 1867, 647; number of teachers in private schools, 857; pupils enrolled, 1867, 26,450. Whole number of Normal Schools and Academies reported, 1867, 40; number of regular teachers-male, 112; female, 66; total, 178; number of students in attendance, 1867-male, 4,019; female, 2,148; total, 6,167; average number students belonging-male, 1,700;: female, 765; total, 2,465; number of students preparing-to teach-male, 1,013; female, 782; total, 1,795; to enter college or seminary-male, 320; female, 126; total, 446. 1869.] OHIO. 429 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Whole number of Ladies Seminaries reported,.33; number of instructors-gentlemen, 63; ladies, 242; total, 305; number of students in attendance, 1867, 4,217; average number of students belonging, 2,408; number of graduates, 199; number of boarders, 1,954; total value of buildings and grounds, $1,197,000. Colleges. Whole number reported, 1867, 21; number of regular instructors, 1867-professors 127; tutors, 56; total, 183; whole number of students-male, 3,683; female, 1,055; total, 4,738; number of graduates, 212; value of buildings and grounds, $1,722,105; amount of endowment funds, $1,840,523; endowments received, $.370,691; income from invested funds, rents, etc., $144,510; income from tuition, $43,565; total of salaries paid instructors, 1867, $97,871; number of students-in preparatory course, 2,403; in scientific course, 856; inl classical course, 1,113; number of Freshmen, 1867, 519; Sophomores, 344; Juniors, 164; Seniors, 159; number of volumes in libraries, 121,011. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The Board of State Charities, after having been organized four months, made its first report at the close of 1867. The general management of the state institutions is commended, but the Board found many of the county Infirmaries and Jails in a deplorable condition, requiring thorough reform and improvement. Lack of sufficient room, badly constructed buildings, want of drainage and pure water, were some of the evils noticed. There were three State Asylums for Lunatics. The Central Asylum at Columbus was first opened for patients in 1838. It had been enlarged and improved until it was one of the most extensive institutions in the country, accommodating 350 patients; but it was burned on the night of November 17, 1868, and six of the imnates perished. The Northern Asylum was opened for patients March 5, 1855, and the Southern Asylum Sept. 1, 1855. Both of these institutions have been enlarged and much improved, and their capacity for usefulness increased during 1867 and 1868. A new Insane Asylum has been located at Athens; the corner-stone was laid November 5, 1868. The Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, which was chartered in 1827, has been provided with a new and commodious building, and the number of pupils has increased. The Legislature in 1867 enacted that printing and book binding should be introduced into the industrial department, and arrangements be made for the instruction and employment of the pupils in these trades. No charge for board or tuition is made to pupils from Ohio. The course of instruction is seven years. The Institution for the Blind was founded in 1836. The Legislature in 1867 made an appropriation for the erection of a new building for this institution, and the trustees secured a plan which was approved by the Governor. The estimated cost is $350,000. The Asylum for Idiots was founded in 1857. A new building, with airy and well arranged apartments, has just been provided for it. The Ohio Reform School is located upon a farm of.1170 acres, six miles south of Lancaster, Fairfield county. About 400 acres of land are cleared. The orchards, including the vineyards and small fruits, cover about 150 acres-the remainder of the cleared portion is devoted to gardening, the raising of farm products, and pasturage. An additional tract of land has 4-30 [1869. been provided. The buildings are located near the southern line of the farm, and including yards, lawns and play grounds, occupy ten acres of ground. The buildings include-one main building, eight family buildings, and the necessary other buildings. The system has been quite successful and has been much commended by committees from other states. A reformatory school for girls has been strongly urged by the Governor and the Board of Commissioners. The Penitentiary appears to have been managed with great efficiency. The discipline has been good. Though from 150 to 200 convicts have been idle for want of employment, the receipts for the labor of the prisoners hlave exceeded all the expenses of the prison by $12,714. A school is attached to the prison, and special efforts are made for the intellectual and moral im provement of the prisoners. Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus. WM. L. PECK, M.D., Superintendent. Number in asylum, Nov. 1, 1866-males, 137; females, 163; total, 300. Admitted during the year-males, 92; females, 109; total, 201. Discharged-recovered, 125; improved, 20; unim proved, 11; died, 15; total, 171. Remaining, Nov. 1, 1867, 330. Civil condition-single, 81; married, 99; widowed, 21; total, 201. Age-under 20, 13; between 20 and 30, 67; 30 and 40, 47; 40 and 50,.3; 50 and 60, 29; 60 and 70. 10; 70 and 80, 2; total, 201. Whole number admitted in 29 years-males, 2,435; females, 2,466; total, 4,901. Discharged-males, 2,285; females, 2,286; total, 4,571. Of those discharged, there were-recovered, 2,594; improved, 526; unimproved, 874; died, 577. Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Newburgh. BYRON STANTON, M. D., Superintendent. Number in institution, Oct. 31, 1866-males, 73; females, 71; total, 144. Admitted during the year-males, 71; females, 84; total, 155. Discharged-recovered, 81; improved, 21; tunimprov ed, 31; died, 16; not insane, 1; total, 150. Remaining, Oct. 31, 1867-males, 72; females, 77; total, 149. Supposed cause of insanity-ill health, 39; domestic trouble, 8; child birth, 8; mas turbation, 11; intemperance, 6; miscellaneous and unknown, 83; total, 155. Civil condition single, 65; married, 90. Occupation-farmers, 83; farmers' wives and daughters, 3,9; laborers, 16; mechanics, 26; servant girls, 8; housekeepers, 8; school teachers, 5; miscellaneous and un known, 20; total, 155. Nativity-Ohio, 68; other states, 43; foreign, 44; total, 155. Age-10 years, 1; between 10 and 20, 12; 20 and 30, 48; 30 and 40, 38; 40 and 50, 23; 50 and 60, 25; 60 and 70, 8; total, 155. Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton. RICHARD GUND)RY, M.D., Superintendent. Number in Asylum, Nov. 1, 1866-males, 81; females, 96; total, 177. Admitted during the year -males, 56; females, 49; total, 105. Discharged-recovered, 66; improved, 15; unimproved, 12; died, 11; total. 104. Remaining, Nov. 1, 1867-males, 83; females, 95; total, 178. Whole number admitted since opening of institution in 1855-males, 678; females, 704; total, 1,382. Discharged-recovered, 745; improved, 98; unimproved, 221; died, 140; total, 1,204. Nativity -American, 952; foreign, 430; total, 1,382. Civil condition-single, 531; married, 742; widowed, 109; total, 1,,882. Age-less than 20, 122; between 20 and 30, 463; 30 and 40, 355; 40 and 50, 252; 50 and 60, 129; 60 and 70, 51; 70 and 80. 7; 80 and 90, 2; unknown, 1; total, 1,382. Causes of insanity-physical, 608; moral, 420; unknown, 354; total, 1,382. Ohio Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, Columbus. GILBERT 0. FAY, Superintendent. Number in institution, Nov. 1, 1866, 150. Number admitted since its opening, 941. Ohio Institution for Education of the Blind, Columbus. ASA D. LORD, M. A., Skperintendent. Number of pupils enrolled during the year-males, 80; females, 65; total, 145. Whole number in attendance during the year ending Nov. 15, 1867, 185. Ohio Reform School, Lancaster. G. E. HowE, Acting Commissioner. Number in institution, Nov. 1. 1866, 238. Received during the year, 111. Number that have gone from institution-to care of friends, 88; indentured, 3; escaped, 7; died, 2; total, 100. Remaining in institution, Nov. 1, 1867, 255. Of those admitted, there were born in-Ohio, 74; in other states, 31; in foreign countries, 7; total, 112. Parentage-American, 36; foreign, 76. Age-12 and under, 35; 13 years, 12; 14 years, 283; 15 years, 29; 16 to 18, 12; total, 112. Cause of commitment -larceny, 56; inconrigible, 44; burglary, 5; assault and battery, 2; vagrancy, 2; miscellaneous, 3; total, 112. 1869.] OHIO. 431 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Ohio Penitentiary, Columbus. CHARLES C. WALCUTT, Warden. Number of convicts in prison, Oct. 31,1866, 860. Received during the year, 431. Total number in prison, 1,291. Number discharged-by expiration of sentence, 193; pardoned, 60; by military authority, 7; order of Supreme Court, 1; taken out for new trial, 5; transferred to reform farm, 2; died, 18; escaped, 4; total, 290. Remaining, Oct. 31, 1867-males, 976; females, 25; total, 1,001. Cause of commitment-burglary, 69; burglary and larceny, 42; grand larceny, 130; horse stealing, 30; forgery, 14; passing counterfeit money, 15; larceny, 11; manslaughter, 12; murder in 2d degree, 7; assaults, 16; robbery, 11; rape, 6; stealing, 18; miscellaneous 50: total, 431. There were in prison, Oct. 31, 1867, 64 convicts under sentence for life. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of the state in 1867 was estimated at 3,000,000. The following table gives the population by each census since 1800: Inc. per cent. Inc. per cent. 1800............. 45,365............. 1840.............1,519,467............ 62.01 1810.............2.30,760.............408.67 1850........... 1,980,329............. 30.33 1820.............581,295.............151.96 1860.............2,339,511............18.14 1830.............937,903............. 61.31 Ohio was settled chiefly by emigrants from New England, and the increase in population was more rapid in its early history than for the last thirty years. It has sent a large number of emigrants to the states west of it during this latter period. Nearly all the land in the state may be described as of good quality, yet the valleys of the rivers, and particularly of the two Miamis, the Scioto, the Maumee, and their tributaries, contain the most valuable and fertile lands. About 14,000,000 acres are improved, either as pasture, grass, cultivated in grain, or planted in orchards, gardens, or lawns, leaving eleven and onehalf million acres unimproved, either in the condition of forests or commons. In 1865, Ohio stood third among the states of the Union in the production of wheat and corn, and fourth in the yield of oats, and surpassed all other states in the number and value of horses, sheep, and the amount of the wool crop. The banks of the Ohio above and below Cincinnati are covered with extensive vineyards, from which large quantities of wine are annually manufactured. Though not possessing a great variety of mineral products, the state has inexhaustible supplies of coal and iron. The coal fields in the eastern and south-eastemrn portions cover an area of 12,000 square miles, extending through 20 counties, and embrace nearly one-third of the area of the whole state. Iron ore of very superior quality for the finer castings is found in several counties. Abundance of limestone, sandstone, freestone, and other varieties of building stone are found in the state. Large quantities of salt are manufactured for market. No state in the Unlion has a more extensive system of railroads, according to the area covered and the amount of population. Two canals connect the Ohio river with Lake Erie, a third connects Cincinnati with Cambridge City in Indiana. It has great facilities for commerce, having a shore line on Lake [186.9. 432 Erie, with harbors capable of accommodating the heaviest and most extensive shipping, and, by way of the lakes and the St. Lawrence, direct communication with the ocean. Products for 1866. Corn, 99,766,822 bushels; value, $53,874,084; wheat, 10,208,854 bushels; value, $25,726,312; rye, 591,121 bushels; value, $644,322; oats, 22,187,420 bushels; value, $8,874,968; barley, 1,294,139 bushels; value, $1,475,318; buckwheat, 1,705,785 bushels; value, $1,876,363; potatoes, 4,516,640 bushels; value, $3,477,813; tobacco, 25,593,815 pounds; value, $1,714,785; hay, 1,963,799 tons; value, $21,601,789. Banks. Number of National Banks, Sept. 30, 186organized, 137; closed or closing, 4; in operation, 133; capital paid in, $22,404,700. Railroads. In 1841, Ohio had 36 miles of railroad; in 1864, 3,311 miles, being the property of 30 companies, and constructed at a cost of $117,583,000. 28. OREGON. Capital, Salem. Area, 95,274 Square miles. Population, (1860,) 52,465. Oregon was first visited by Europeans about 1775. Capt. Robert Gray took possession of it in 1792, naming its principal river after his vessel, the Columbia, of Boston. It was soon after visited by traders from the American Fur Company, and from the British Hudson's Bay Companily. The northern boundary line remained unsettled until the treaty with Great Britain in 1846, when the 49th parallel was adopted. It was organized as a territory, August 4, 1848, was divided March 2, 1852, the northern portion being called Washington, and the southern Oregon. A State constitution was adopted, Nov. 9, 1857, and it was admitted into the Union, February 14, 1859. GOVERNMENT. OFlFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor...........................GEORGE L. WOODS............Salem.................. $1,500 Secetary of State..................SAMUEL E. MAY.......................1,500 State Treasurer.....................EDWIN N. Coo................................ 800 Adjutant General........... CYRUS A. REED................................. 800 Auditor............................SAMUEL E. MAY, ex-officio... "................... Superintendent of Public Instruction.GEoRGE L. WooD.................................. The Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, and State Printer are elected by the people for four ears. The general election for State and County officers is held on the first Monday in June, biennially. The Legislative Assembly is composed of a Senate and House of Representatives, and convenes biennially at Salem on the second Monday in September. The Senate is composed of 16 members, elected for four years. The House of Representatives is composed of 34 members,; elected for two years. The compensation of the members of the Legislative Assembly is $3 per day for the first forty days of a regular session, or the first twenty days of an extra session, and mileage at the rate of $3 for every twenty miles of travel to and from the capital. Every white male citizen of fill age, six months a resident in the State, and every white male alien of full age, resident in the United States one year, who has declared his intention, may vote. Sailors, soldiers, idiots, insane, Chinamen, and negroes, are excluded. 28 1869.] OREGON. 433 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. JUDICIARY. The judicial power of the State is vested in a Supreme Court, and five Circuit Courts. The Supreme Court consists of five justices, (chosen in districts by the electors thereof,) who are also judges of the Circuit Courts in their respective districts. Their term of office is six years. The Supreme Court holds one term annually at the seat of government, (Salem,) on the first Monday in September. There is one prosecuting attorney in each judicial district, elected by the people for two years. UNTED STATES COURTS. Circuit J,tdge, Stephen J. Field. District Judge, Matthew P. Deady. District Attorney, John C. Cartwright. Marshal, Albert Zeiber. SUPREME COURT. Justices. P. P. Prim, Jacksonville; John Kelsey, Corvallis; R. P. Boise, Salem; W. W. Upton, Portland; Jos. G. Wilson, Dalles. Salaries, $2,000 each. FINANCES. Balance in Treasury September 5, 1866, - - - Receipts during the fiscal years 1867 and 1868, - Total,- -.-.4 Disbursements during the fiscal years 1867 and 1868, Balance in Treasury Sept. 5, 1868, - The receipts were from the following sources: Counties for taxes.................$307,537.55 University Fund.................... $3,394.61 Clerk of the Supreme Court........ 375.00 Escheats............................ 1,059.15 School Land Commissioners........ 32,638.07 Penitentiary........................ 8,684.71 The Disbursements for the two years ending September 5,1868, were from the following funds: General Fund...................... $24,500.26 Convict..............................$9,000.00 Penitentiary Fund................... 40,000.07 Common School, (coin).............. 2,810.22 Penitentiary Building Fund......... 7,136.19 " " (currency)..........26,363.45 Executive...........................10,609.16 University, (coin).................... 1,385.00 Judicial.................... 25,040.86 " (currency)............... 1,600.00 Insane and Idiotic...................86,000.00 Soldiers' Bounty..............60,769.20 Legislative..........................16,030.07 Soldiers' Relief......................23,070.99 Printing.............................10,000.00 Other Funds.........................12,801.12 The estimated expenses for the fiscal years commencing Sept. 1, 1868, and ending Aug. 31, 1870, exclusive of Extraordinary Appropriations for Special Purposes, and including outstanding warrants awaiting appropriation, are $221;586.82. STATE DEBT. The funded debt outstanding Sept. 5, 1868, consisted of Bounty Bonds, -....$94,015.00 Relief Bonds, --- - --- ---- 82,141.50 Relief Bonds, -.......... - 82,141.50 Total, - - - -.- - - - -. - $176,156.50 Each class of Bonds bears interest at the rate of seven per cent. per annum, the first payable in 1884, the second in 1874, and there was in the Treasury, Sept. 5, 1868, to be applied to the interest and redemption of the foregoing, $18,300.11. 434 .[iseg. $43,811.36 - 353,689.09 - $397,500.45 - 357,116.59 $4d- 8 3.8- 6 EDUCATION. The principal collegiate institution is the Willamette University at Salem. It is under the charge of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was founded in 1853. It has an endowment of $30,000, and 600 volumes in its library. There are several other colleges and academies. The system of common schools differs but little from that in the Eastern States, but owing to the sparseness of the population, its advantages are mainly prospective. There is a Superintendent of Public Instruction, who has the general supervision of the schools of the State. County school superintendents exercise supervision over the schools in the several counties, and report their condition to the State Superintendent. The Governor, Secretary of State, and Treasurer, are a Board of Commissioners for the sale of school lands. Congress by various acts has donated to the State public lands for educational and other purposes, as follows: 1. School lands proper-i. e., the 16th and 36th sections or their equirvalent where portions of such sections were held by donation claimants prior to the public surveys, and known in the General Land Office as "indemnity selections." 2. University lands, consisting of seventy-two sections, for the use and support of a State University. 3. Five hundred thousand acres of land granted under the provisions of act of Congress of Sept. 44841, for purposes of internal improvement; and which, for convenience, and to avoid confusion, have been designated by the Board as "State lands." 4. Ninety thousand acres of land granted for the support of an Agricultural College. In addition to the above, grants have been made to the State of all "swamp and overflowed lands," reported as such by the Commissioner of the General Land Office; ten sections for public buildings, and seventy-two sections of saline lands. The University lands have been selected, and a portion of them sold. If the State school lands are all sold, and the fund carefully managed, in a few years the School Fund will fully support a free school system. The interest on hand, September, 1868, amounted to more than $24,000 per annum-or two thousand dollars per month. l CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. On the first of October, 1864, the Legislature authorized and directed the Governor to contract with private parties for the keeping, care and medical treatment of insane and idiotic persons. That contract expired on the first of December, 1868. The constitution requires that among other public buildings, an asylum for the insane shall be erected at the capital. A site has been purchased for that purpose, and as soon as the financial strength of the State will permit, suitable buildings will be erected, and the management thereof be left to the exclusive control of the Legislative Assembly, as contemplated by the constitution. The Penitentiary has been managed in such a manner as to give general satisfaction to the people. A suitable temporary building has been erected, OREGON. 435 1869.] ik v THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. the best of police regulations have been established, insuring the safe-keeping of convicts; and labor has been so directed, aside from extensive permanent improvements made for the State, as to pay fifty per cent. of the entire expenditures of the penitentiary. During the last two years the convicts have been successfully employed in the erection of public buildings. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of Oregon in 1860 was 52,465. In 1868, it was estimated at over 100,000, and was steadily increasing. The State contains 60,975,360 acres, of which 52,700,000 were public lands undisposed of in 1868. In reference to climate and agricultural capacities, Oregon may be divided into two distinct parts, the eastern and western, lying respectively on the east and west sides of the Cascade Mountains. Western Oregon, the portion first settled, containing the great preponderance of its present population, is 275 miles in length, with an average width of 110 miles, being nearly onethird of the entire State, nearly all of which is valuable for agriculture, grazing, or for timber growing, excepting the crests of some of the highest mountains. The valleys of the Willamette, the Umpqua, and Rogue rivers are embraced in this section. The soil of these valleys is rich and deep, resting upon a foundation of clay retentive of the elements of fertility. Larger portions of the valleys are open prairie, just rolling enough for the purposes of agriculture. Eastern Oregon, extending from the Cascade Mountains to Snake River, is an elevated, rough, broken country of hills and mountains, table-lands, deep gorges, and almost impenetrable canons, with numerous fertile and arable valleys. The greater portion is incapable of tillage, but furnishes an extensive scope for grazing. The forests of Oregon, like those of California, contain many of the most valuable timber trees in the world. The Cascade and Coast ranges, are covered with immense quantities of the sugar pine, the white and yellow pine,the n]t pine, the red fir or Douglass spruce, the black fir, yellow fir, western balsam fir, the noble fir, the Oregbn cedar, and the fragrant white cedar. The salmon fisheries form an importent item. Vast quantlties of fish are annually caught, and the business of putting them up for commerce is prosecuted with great success. The Columbia is the chief river of Oregon, and the largest on the Pacific coast. For thirty or forty miles from its mouth it expands into a bay from three to seven miles wide. It is navigable to the Cascade mountains, one hundred and forty miles from its mouth, and on the east side of the Cascades, it is again navigable for forty-five miles to the Dalles. Eighteen or twenty first class steamboats runm on the river, and there are warehouses at all the principal towns. [1869. 436 29. PENNSYLVANIA. Capital, Harrisburg. Area, 46,000 square miles. Popation, (1860), 2,906,115. The territory embraced within the present limits of Pennsylvania was granted to William Penn in payment of a debt due his father, Admiral Penn, by the government of Great Britain. In addition to this grant from Charles II., Penn became, by purchase and grant from the Duke of York, the proprietor of the territory now constituting the state of Delaware, and for many years all was united under one government. This state was settled at Philadelphia in 1681, by English Quakers under William Penn. It adopted a state constitution, September 28, 1776, and ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 12, 1787. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor.......................JOHN W. GEARY...............Harrisburg...............$5,000 Private Secretary to the Gov..... JOHN H. GIHON..................Harrisburg.......... 2,000 Secretary of State..............FRANCIS JORDAN...............Harrisburg................3,500 Deputy Secretary of State....... ISAAC B. GARD.................Erie City..................2,250 Auditor General................JOHN F. HARTRANFT..........Norristown................2,500 Surveyor General...............JACOB M. CAMPBELL...........Johnstown................2,000 Treasurer......................WILLIAM W. IRWIN*...........Beaver....................1,700 Attorney General...............BENJAMIN H. BREWSTER.......Philadelphia...............3,500 Slept. of Public Instruction...... J. P. WICKERSHAM.............Harrisburg................2,500 Dept. Supt. of do................ C. R. COBURN..................Harrisburg................1,600 Adjutant General............... D. B. MCCREARY............. Erie City..................3,000 State Librarian................WIEN FORNEY.................Dauphin County...........1,000 Supt. Soldiers' Orphans' Schools.G. F. MCFARLAND............. Juniata County............1,800 State Historian.................SAMUEL P. BATES..............Crawford Comiuty.........2,000 The Governor, Auditor General, and Surveyor General are chosen by the people for a term of three years each. The general election is held annually on the second Tuesday of October. The Secretary of State, Attorney General, Adjutant General, Quartermaster General, Superintendent of Common Schools, and State Librarian, are appointed by the Governor. The State Treasurer is elected annually by the Legislature. There are 33 Senators elected for three years, one-third retiring each year. The Representatives, 100 in number, are elected annually. The members of either house are paid $700 each per annum, with an allowance of 15 cents per mile for necessary travel to and from the capital to attend the meeting of the Legislature. The Legislature meets annually on the first Tuesday of January. Every white male freeman of the age of 21 years, who has resided in the State one year and in his election district ten days prior to the election, and who has within two years paid a state or county tax, is entitled to the rights of an elector. White freemen, citizens of the United States between 21 and 22 years of age, are not obliged to pay taxes before voting. JUDICIARY. The Courts of this state are the Supreme Court, the District Courts, and the Courts of Common Pleas. The Supreme Court is the High Court of * R. W. Mackey has been appointed and succeeds to the office 1st Monday in May, 1869. 1869.] PENNSYLVANIA. 437 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Errors and Appeals. There are two District Courts, one for the city and county of Philadelphia, and one for the county of Allegheny. They have jurisdiction of all civil suits where the amount claimed exceeds $100, and for certain purposes prescribed by law, have the powers of Courts of Equity; they are the principal Commercial Courts for the cities where they are held. There is also a District Court in Lancaster, which has concurrent jurisdic tion with the Court of Common Pleas in civil cases over $100. Courts of Common Pleas are the principal Equity Courts, and have juris diction where the demand exceeds $100. They also have charge of road cases, estates of minors, and one branch is the Criminal Court. The Quarter Sessions Courts have the criminal and road jurisdiction; and the Orphan's Court, estates of decedents and minors; but the Common Pleas Judges sit in all the courts, except in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Lancaster, where there are District Courts. ,f The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is composed of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices, elected by the people to serve for a term of fifteen years. The justice having the shortest term to serve is Chief Justice. The President Judges of the several Courts of Common Pleas and other courts of record, and all other Judges required to be learned in the law, are chosen by the electors of the district over which they are to preside, for a term of. ten years. Salaries of Judges of Supreme Court, $6,000; of Judges of District Courts, $5,000; of Judges of Courts of Common Pleas-in 1st and 5th Districts, $5,000; in 12th District, $3,800; in all others, $3,500 each. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit.Jfudge, Robert Grier. District Jeudge-Eastern District, John Cadwalader. Western District, Wilson McCandless. District Attorney-Eastern District, Charles Gilpin. Western District, Robert B. Carnahan. Marshal-Eastern District, P. C. Ellmaker. Western District, Thomas A. Rowley. Clerk of Circuit Court-Eastern District, Benjamin Patton. Western District, H. Sprowl. Clerk of District Court-Eastern District, G. R. Fox. Western District, S. C. McCandless, SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, James Thompson, Philadelphia. Associate Justices, John M. Read, Philadelphia; Daniel Agnew, Beaver County; George Sharswood, Philadelphia; Henry W. Williams, Pittsburgh. DISTRICT COURTS. Philadelphia Coutnty-President Judge, J. J. Clarke Hare. Associates, George M. Stroud, M. Russell Thayer. Allegheny County-President Judge, Moses Hampton. Associate, H. W. Williams. TERMS OF SUPREME AND DISTRICT COURTS. Five terms of the Supreme Court are held annually, as follows: Eastern District-at Philadelphia 2d Monday in March and December. Middle District-at Harrisburg 2d Monday in May. Northern District-at Sunbury 2d Monday in July. Western District-at Pittsburgh 1st Monday in September. The District Court for the city and county of Philadelphia has four terms, commencing on the 1st Monday of March, June, September, and December of each year. The months of January, February, April, May, October, and November are devoted to jury trials. The District Court for the county of Allegheny has four regular terms in the year, commencing on the 4th Monday in January, April, July, and November, 438 [1869. PENNSYLVANIA. FINANCES. Balance in Treasury, Nov. 30, 1867, -.. Ordinary receipts, for year ending Nov. 30, 1868, - Depreciated funds (unavailable), - —.0 Total, --—.1 Ordinary expenses for the year, --- Loans redeemed, -—.6 Interest on loans, —.9 Other payments, -—.0 Depreciated funds (unavailable), - - - - - qp~O l,905,492.64V $2,454,506.09 4,417,463.64 1,979,690.91 12,800.00 41,032.00 8,905,492.64 Balance in Treasury, Dec. 1, 1868, STATE DEBT. The amount of State debt, November 30, 1867, was - There was paid during the year, - - - I- - The amount of State debt, November 30, 1867, was - $3' There was paid during the year, - - - - Leaving the debt, November 30, 1868, -.- -- $3 9 The funded debt consisted of-6 per cent. loans....................$25,311,180.0 5 " "...................... 7,749,771.5 4+ " ".............................. 112,000.0 The unfunded debt consisted of-Relief notes..................... 96,415.0 Interest certificates, outstanding. 13,08652 1" " unclaimed.. 4,448. Domestic creditors' orders....... 44.6 113,994.57 $33,286,946.13 EDUCATION. Collegiate or university privileges have been granted to thirty-seven different institutions in this state, of which fourteen, including about all the living institutions, reported their condition to the State Department last year. The Agricultural College has been much improved. Three experimental farms were purchased for it in 1868, at a cost of $43,889. The frame work of government written in England in 1682, and introduced by Wm. Penn, provided that the Governor and Provincial Council should erect and order all public schools. In 1752, certain officers were appointed trustees and managers of such schools. The provisional constitution, framed in 1776, provided for the establishment of a school in each county, and, in 1786, the proceeds of sixty thousand acres of public lands were appropriated in aid of public schools. In 1836, the common school fund was authorized and provision made for the distribution of its income. The school law of 1834, which is the foundation of the present school system, provides for free education for all between six and twenty-one years of age. The office of county superintendent was created in 1854, and that of state superintendent in 1856. The sixty-six counties of the state are sub-divided, for school purposes, into 1,889 school districts, each township, borough or city usually constituting 1869.1 439 - $4,661,836.46 - 5,216,049.55 -. 41,032.00 $9,918,918.01 $1,013,415.37 TIlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. a school district. Each district has six school directors, two of which are elected annually, holding office three years. The directors are required to procure school buildings and grounds, establish schools, appoint teachers, visit every school in the district by one, at least, of their number once a month, direct what branches shall be taught and what books used, and report annually to the county superintendent. This officer, who must be an experienced teacher, is elected for three years by the school directors of the county; he is to visit all the public schools of the county, examine teachers, and report annually to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, who is at the head of the department, and is appointed by the Governor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate for the term of three years. The first Normal School in the state, with the exception of the City Normal School in Philadelphia, was opened in Lancaster County, at Millersville, in 1855. It was continued in private hands under the name of the Lancaster County Normal School until 1859, when it became a State Institution. The Normal School law, passed in 1857, divides the state into twelve districts, in each of which a State Normal School may be established whenever private contributions make it practicable. Each school must have suitable buildings and at least ten acres of land connected with it. The buildings of each must contain a hall of sufficient size to comfortably seat 1,000 adults, with class rooms, lodging rooms and refectories for at least 300 students. Each school must have a library, cabinet and apparatus, at least six professors, and one or more model and practice schools attached to it, with not less than 100 pupils, so arranged that the Normal pupils may therein acquire a practical knowledge of the art of teaching. Public School Statistics. With the exception of the city of Philadelphia, the whole number of schools in 1867 was 13,061, an increase of 288 from 1866; whole number of pupils in attendance, 660,163, an increase of 10,644; average attendance, 414,537, or 62 per cent.; average length of school term, 5 months 16 days; average cost of tuition-for each pupil, per month, 85 cents; whole number of male teachers, 6,619, an increase of 485 fr-om 1866; whole number of female teachers, 8,590, a decrease of 117; average salaries of male teachers, per month, $35.87; average salaries of female teachers, per month, $27.51; total cost of tuition, $2,482,512.93, an increase, from 1866, of $270,991.23; total cost of fuel and contingencies, $601,087.21, an increase of $42,769.60; total cost of purchasing, building, renting, and repairing school houses, $985,152.55, an increase of $389,482.86; total expenditures of the system for tuition, building purposes and contingencies, $4,068,752.69, an increase, from 1866, of $802,243.69; total state appropriation, $355,000.00; total amount paid for salaries of county superintendents, $56,221.23; average number of mills on dollar school tax, 7.25; average number of mills on dollar building tax, 5.04; whole amount of tax levied and state appropriation, $3,971,285.23, an increase of $602,897,90; amount of tax levied, $3,616,285.23, an increase, from the previous year, of $602,327.90. Including the city of Philadelphia, which has a separate system, the whole number of schools In the state was 13,435; teachers, 16,523; whole number of pupils, 7S9,389; average attendance, 480,870; total of expenditures for all school purposes, $5,160,750.17. School Statistics of Philadelphia for 1867. Whole number of schools, 374; High schools, 2; Grammar, 60; Secondary, 69; Primary, 187; Unclassified, 56; male teachers, 79; female teachers, 1,235; whole number of pupils registered, 129,226; average attendance, 66,333; percentage of attendance, 51; percentage of attendance upon number belonging to the schools at the end of the year, 86. Normal School, 2d District, Millersville. EDWARD BROOKS, Principal. Recognized as a State Normal School in 1859; buildings and other property valued at $106,000. Teachers-male, 10; female, 7; whole number of students since recognition, 3,754; of graduates, 96; number of students in 1867, in Normal School-males, 428; females, 224; total, 652; graduates, 20; in Model School-males, 106; females, 54; total, 160; volumes in library, 8,900. [1869. 440 Normal School, 12th District, Edinboro. JOSEPH A. COOPER, Princpal. Chartered as an academy in 1856, recognized as a state institution in 1861; buildings and other property valued at $36,750. Teachers-male, 5; female, 7. Whole number of students since recognition, 1,444; of graduates, 30; number of students in 1867, in Normal School-males, 211: females, 214; total, 425; graduates, 5; in Model School-males, 75; females, 63; total, 138; volulnes in library, 1,456. Normal School, 5th District, Mansfield, Tioga Co. F. A. ALLEN, PrTncipal. First organized in 1854 as a classical academy, recognized as a Normal School-in December, 1862. Buildings and other property valued at $49,000. Teachers-males, 4; females, 5. Whole number of students since recognition, 1,290; graduates, 37; number of students in 1867-in Normal School, males, 130; females, 152; total, 282; graduates, 21; in Model School-males, 60; femiales, 63; total, 123; volumes in library, 630. Keystone Normal School, 3d(1 District, Kutztown. J. S. ERMENTRAUT, P?incipal. Recoglized as a state institution in 1866. Buildings and other property are valued at $55,000. Teachers-males, 11; females, 2. Whole number of students in 1867, in Normal School-males, 266; females, 77; total, 343; in Model School-males, 35; females, 25; total, 60; volumes in library, 1,000. Colleges. Fourteen colleges reported in 1867-112 professors and tutors; 2,120 students, of whom 910 were in preparatory departments, 106 in partial courses, and 136 preparing to teach. The whole number of graduates was 6,262, of whom 214 graduated last year. There were 94,236 volumes in the college libraries, and they had apparatus valued at $61,700. The income was $39,195 from tuition. and $86,201 from invested funds; the endowment funds and other property were increased $262,422. Academies and Seminaries. Thirty-two reported-190 instructors; 4,444 students; 2,242 males and 2,202 females; of whom 2,287 were day scholars, and 1,694 boarders, 463 not being specified. These institutions had 21,959 volumes in their libraries, and apparatus to the amount of $5,470. The value of their property was $522,342; income, $147,931, and expenditures, $131,973. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. The Charitable institutions of this state are on a plan commensurate with its wealth and extent, and are liberally provided for by the government. There are six incorporated asylums for the Insane, besides several private institutions for the same class. The Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, founded more than one hundred years ago, has been modified and improved, and is now furnished with all the appliances necessary for the comfort of its' inmates. The State Lunatio Hospital at Harrisburg, and the Western Pennsylvania Hospital near Pittsburg, have been crowded with patients. New buildings have been erected for the latter institution. The Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, established in 1820, and the Institution for the Blind, founded in 1833, receive state pupils from Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. Pay pupils are also admitted. Both have ample provision for giving intellectual and moral instruction, and the pupils are successfully employed a part of the time in the workshops. The Pennsylvania TrainingiSchool for Feeble-minded Children, at Media, was first established in 1852, as a private institution, at Germantown, but was removed to Media in 1859, where a farm of 60 acres and a convenient building were provided for it, the state paying a part of the expenses. The Philadelphia House of Refuge, founded in 1828, has two distinct departments, one for white and one for colored children, with grounds and buildings for each. The House of Refuge for Western Pennsylvania, chartered in 1850, and opened in 1854, is for children of both sexes, though more than two-thirds of the inmates are boys. The schools are thoroughly classified, and during 1869.] PENNSYLVANIA. 441 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. .the hours for work, both boys and girls, are systematically employed in the shops or the necessary work of the institution. There are 39 schools and homes supported by the state for the care and instruction of soldiers' orphans. During the year ending Nov. 30, 1867, these institutions had under their charge 2,931 pupils, maintained at an average cost of $148.43 per year for each pupil. The number of pupils May, 1868, was 2,431. There are several other city and private humane institutions. Pennsylvania Hospital for Insane, Philadelphia. THOMAS S. KIRaBRIDGEI, M. D., Superinteizdent. Number of patients in hospital, Jan. 1, 1867, 296. Admitted during the year, 280. Discharged-recovered, 127; improved, 43; unimproved, 45; died, 25; total, 240. Remaining, Jan. 1, 1868, 344. Whole number admitted since opening of hospital-males, 2,960; females, 2,374; total, 5,064. Discharged-males, 2,518; females, 2,202; total, 4,720. Age of patients at time of admission-under 10 years, 5; between 10 and 20, 317; 20 and 30, 1,526; 30 and 40, 1,309; 40 and 50, 994; 50 and 60, 535; 60 and 70, 270; 70 and 80, 100; 80 and 95, 8; total, 5,064. Occutpation-farmers, 353; merchants, 262; clerks, 215; laborers, 199; physicians, 52; lawyers, 54; clergymen, 29; seamstresses, 232; domestics, 247; teachers, 96; miscellaneous, 1,194; no occupation, 2,131; total, 5,064. Civil condition-single, 2,353; married, 2,284; widowed 427; total, 5,064. Supposed causes of insanity-ill health, 883; intemperance, 369; loss of property, 167; disappointed affections, 71; intense study, 45; domestic difficulties, 102; grief, 258; religious excitement, 159; puerperal, 189; mental anxiety, 318; masturbation, 70; injuries to the head, 67; miscellaneous and unascertained, 2,366; total, 5,064. State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg. JOHN CURWEN, M.D., Superintendent. Number of patients under treatment during the year ending Dec. 31, 1867, was 497. Number admitted during the year-males, 99; females, 71; total, 170. Discharged-recovered, 51; improved, 39; unimproved, 33; died, 34; total, 157. Remaining, Dec. 31,1867-males, 185; females, 155;' total, 340. Whole number admitted since opening of institution, 2,358. Discharged-recovered, 499; improved, 545; unimproved, 610; died, 364; total, 2,018. Supposed cause of insanity-ill health, 278; domestic trouble, 217; over-exertion, 32; epilepsy, 84; fright, 19; intemperance, 68; puerperal, 66; trouble, 254; disordered menstruation, 48; injury to the head, 17; masturbation, 58; excesses, 23; public excitement, 29; disease of the brain, 10; opium eating, 8; religious excitement 8; miscellaneous and unassigned, 1,139; total. 2,358. Social condition-single, 1,097; married, 1,079; widowed, 182; total, 2,358. Occupation-farmers, 436; laborers, 376; housevives. 491; daughters of farmers, 48; domestics, 82; blacksmiths, 23; carpenters, 82; clerks, 42; miners, 27; merchants, 42; shoemakers, 29; tailors, 20; teachers, 34; millers, 10; students, 11; seamstresses, 14; physicians, 14; lawyers, 14; no occupation, 434; miscellaneous, 179; total, 2,358. Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Philadelphia. A. B. HUTTON, A. M., Princi)al. Number of pupils, Jan. 1, 1867-males, 99; females, 89; total, 188. Received during the year-males, 15; females, 13; total, 28. Left-males, 13; females, 12; total, 25. Remaining, Jan. 1, 1868-males, 101; females, 90; total, 191. These are supported-by Pennsylvania, 152; New Jersey, 11; Delaware, 5; scholarships, 3; institution or friends, 20. Of those admitted in 1867-born deaf, 11; lost hearing by typhoid fever, 1; scarlet fever, 5; convulsions, 1; brain fever, 3; otorrhea, 1; measles, 2; sickness, 2; a burn and fever, 1; spasms, 1. Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, Philadelphia. WM. CHAPIN, A. M., PTincipal. Number of persons in the institution, Dec. 1, 1866, 181. Received during the year, 32. Discharged or left during the year, 27. Died, 3. Remaining, Dec. 1, 1867, 183. Of this number there are-from Pennsylvania, 157; New Jersey, 21; Delaware, 2; other places, 3; total, 183. Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble-Minded Children, Media. IsAAc N. KERLEN, M.D., Superinten'dent. The number of inmates, Dec.31,1867, was 165, classified as follows-in school, 84; in training classes, 21; at farm and out door labor, 13; at housework, 10; in asylum, 37. Those capable of labor are engaged in the following occupations-house work, 41; sewing, 21; knitting, 11; farm and garden, 8; grading, etc., 8 to 19; stone picking, etc., 8 to 19; shoe and mattress shop, 4. House of Refuge for Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh. Rev. R. N. AVERY, SUperintendent. Number of inmates, September, 1868-males, 155; females, 45; total, 200. Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia. Number of patients in hospital, April 27, 1867, 171. Aduiitted during the year, 1,787. Discharged, 1,802. Remaining, April 25, 1868, 156. 442 [1869. Average number of patients maintained, 168. Average time each patient remained in the House, 31,229 days. Of those admitted during the year, there were-pay patients, 421; free, 1,366; total, 1,787; males, 1,351; females, 436; total, 1,787. There were under 18 years of age, 219; single, 833; married, 517; widowed, 218; total, 1,787. Nativity-American, 740; Irish, 720; other foreigners, 327; total, 1,787. Since the establishment of the Hospital, in 1752, there have been admitted into it 80,968 patients, of whom 50,698 have been poor persons, supported at the expense of the institution. There have been cured, 52,454; relieved, 10,243; discharged without material improvement, 6,107; discharged for misconduct and eloped, 1,712; pregnant women safely delivered, 1,334; infants born in hospital, 1,254; died, 7,708. Western Pennsylvania Hospital, Pittsburgh. Number of patients in hospital, Jan. 1, 1866, 34. Admitted during the year, 203. Discharged, 169. Died, 19. Remaining, Jan. 1, 1867, 49. Of the discharged there were-cured, 137; relieved, 26; unrelieved, 6; total, 169. Nativity of those admitted-United States, 98; Ireland, 47; Germany, 29; England, 11; other foreign countries, 18. Western Pennsylvania Hospital-Insane Department, Dixmont. JOSEPH A. REED, M.D., Superintendlent. Number in hospital, Jan. 1, 1866, 204. Received during the year, 135. Discharged, 133. Remaining, Jan. 1, 1867, 206. Of the discharged, there were-males, 69; females, 64: recovered, 50; improved, 26; unimproved, 18; died, 39. Total number of insane patients under treatment from 1856, 1,005. PENITENTIARIES. There are two Penitentiaries, the Eastern at Philadelphia, and the Western at Allegheny City. The separate or individual system of discipline is adopted in both, and its success has been satisfactory to the inspectors. Improvements which have been introduced within the past fifteen years, have been productive of very beneficial results. The number of prisoners has been largely increased since 1864, and in the Western Penitentiary has mnore than doubled. The reports of these institutions are replete with important facts, not only in relation to crimes and criminals, but as indicating in some degree the crime-cause, characteristics of offenders, and the influence of social relations. In the Eastern Penitentiary, about five-eighths of the whole number (626), had attended public schools, a little over two-eighths private schools, and nearly one-eighlth never went to school. Of the whole number of commitmcents to this prison (5,975), 2,069, or 34.63 per cent. had no parents living; 1,571, or 26.30 per cent. had a mother living; 688, or 11.51 per cent. a father living; and only 1,647, or 27.56 per cent. had both parents living. More than one-half of those convicted of crimes against property, and about twothlirds of those convicted of crimes against persons, were whole orphans or had only a mother living. State Penitentiary for Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. JOHn S. HALLOwVAY, ff'arden. Number of convicts, Dec. 31, 1866, 569. Admitted during the yearmales, 287; females, 4; total, 291. Discharged-by expiration of sentence, 199; pardoned, 19; change of sentence, 1; by order of Court, 1; escaped, 1; died, 13; total, 234. Age of those admitted-under 18, 7; 18 to 25, 145; 25 to 30, 58; 30 to 40, 58; 40 to 50, 11; 50 to 70, 12. Habitsabstainers, 52; moderate drinkers, 137; sometimes intoxicated, 81; often intoxicated, 21; total, 291. There were from-Pennsylvania, 149; other states, 82; foreign countries, 60; total, 291. Term of sentence-for 1 year or less, 46; from 1 to 2 years, 104; 2 to 3 years, 63; 3 to 4 years, 30; 4 to 5 years, 24 5 to 7 years, 14; 7 to 15 years, 10: total, 291. Average sentence, 2 years, 8 months and 16 days. Total number of prisoners received since 1829, 5,975. Committed for crimes against property, 5,009; against persons, 966. Western Penitentiary of Pennsylvania, Allegheny. G. A. SHALLENBEIRGEi, Warden. In confinement, Jan. 1, 1867, 418. Received during the year, 222. Discharged-by expiration of sentence, 113; pardon, 34; escape, 5; death, 2; total, 154. Remaining, Jan. 1, 186, 486. Term of sentence-from 1 to 2 years, 108; 2 to 3 years, 114; 3 to 4 years, 74; 4 to 5 years, 47; 5 1869.] PENNSYLVANIA. 443 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. to 6 years, 54; 6 to 10 years, 56; 10 to 16 years, 28; 17 to 30 years, 5; total, 486. Cause of commitment-larceny, 215; burglary, 28; horse stealing, 28; murder, 23; passing counterfeit money, 24; rape, 17; arson, 10; assault, with various intents, 36; forgery, 7; felonious assault and battery, 9; highway robbery, 8; robbery, 7; miscellaneous, 74; total, 486. Nativity-Pennsylvania, 215; other states, 127; foreign countries, 144; total, 486. Former habits of life-temperate, 225; moderate, 82; intemperate, 179; total, 486. Age-from 10 to 20, 64; 20 to 30, 257; 30 to 40, 79; 40 to 50, 56; 50 to 60,18; 60 to 70,12; total, 486. Whole number received since 1826-males, 3,322; females, 131; total, 3,453. Discharged-by expiration of sentence, 2,236; pardon, 560; death, 136; suicide, 2; escape, 22; writ of error, 3; habeas corpus, 3; removal, 5; total, 2,967. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. No state census is authorized in Pennsylvania; the population, as returned by the national census, was as follows: Inc. per cent. Inc. per ent. 1790............. 8434,373.............13............. 1,3,23.....28.47 1800............. 602,361........... 38.67 1840............. 1,724,033............. 27.87 1810............. 810,091.............34.49 1850.............2,311,786.............34.09 1820...........1,047,507.............29.55 1860........... 2,906,115.............25.71 Of the population in 1860, 2,280,004 were born in the state; 195,706 in other states of the Union; 430,505 in foreign countries; of whom 46,546 were born in England; 201,939 in Ireland; 10,137 in Scotland; 13,101 in Wales; 3,484 in British America; 138,244 in Germany; 8,302 in France; and 8,752 in other foreign countries. This state was originally settled by English and Welsh Friends, or Quakers, but the population afterwards received large additions of Germans and Irish, and some other foreigners. In some of the middle and eastern counties, the Germans still have papers printed, and schools taught in their own tongue. Pennsylvania is eminently an agricultural and mining state. Though much of the surface is broken, there are large tracts of excellent land. Farming has been conducted with skill, especially in the older portions of the state, and the yield of cereals and roots has been abundant. In 1866, it was the first state in the Union in the amount of rye, oats, and buckwheat harvested. The most important minerals are iron and coal. In 1860, it produced 622 per cent. of the quantity, and 58 per cent. of the value of pig iron in the whole country, also 46.4 per cent. of the quantity and 37.8 per cent. of the value of bituminous coal, and nearly all of the anthracite of the country, or nearly 80 per cent. of the whole value of coal. Petroleum is an important product in the western part of the state; the petroleum trade of Pittsburgh amounts to nearly $13,000,000 annually. The export from Philadelphia, in 1868, was 40,505,620 gallons. The railroads furnish good facilities for internal traffic, and the foreign commerce is steadily increasing. The state is also largely engaged in manufactures. Products in 1866. Corn, 35,831,877 bushels; value, $32,607,008; wheat, 10,519,660 bushels; value, $28,087,492; rye, 6,569,690 bushels; value, $7,686,537; oats, 54,954,560 bushels; value, $27,477,280; barley, 621,574 bushels; value, $677,515; buckwheat, 9,718,728 bushels; value, $9,329,979; potatoes, 15,636,859 bushels; value, $11,884,013; tobacco, 4,960,886 pounds; value, $843,350; hay, 1,970,836 tons; value, $31,809,293. Banks. There were, Sept. 30, 1868, 205 National Banks, of which 8 were closed or closing, and 197 in operation, with a capital of $50,247,390. 444 [1869. 30. RHODE ISLAND. Capitals, Providence, Newport. Area, 1,306 square miles. Population, (1865,) 184,965. This State was settled at Providence in 1636, by the English from Massachusetts under Roger Williams. It was under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts until 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which continued to be the basis of the government until the formation of the State constitution in September, 17*. It was one of the original thirteen States, and ratified the United States Constitution, May 29, 1790. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor................... AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE.......Providence........... $1,000 Lieutenant Governor................PARDON W. STEVENS.........Newport................ 500 Secretary of State...................JOHN R. BARTLETT...........Providence..............1,800 General Treasurer..................SAMUEL A. PARKER..........Newport.................1,500 Auditor............................JOEL M. SPENCER.............Warwick............... 1,200 Attorney General...................WILLARD SAYLES............Providence..............1,800 Snp't of Public Instruction..........J. B. cHAPIN................ Barrington......... 1,200 Adjutant General...................EDWARD C. MAURAN....... *Providence..........500 The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, and Attorney General are elected annually on the first Wednesday of April for the year commencing the last Tuesday of May. The Auditor is elected by the Assembly. The Commissioner of Schools is appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by the Senate. The Senate consists of the Governor, who presides, the Lieutenant Governor, and one Senator from each of the thirtyfour towns in the State. The House of Representatives consists of seventytwo members. The Legislature holds its regular session at Newport, on the last Tuesday of May, and a session, by adjournment, at Providence, in January following. The pardoning power, except in cases of impeachment, is vested exclusively in the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate. Every male citizen of full age, one year in the State, six months in the town, owning real estate worth $134 or renting $7 per annum, and every native male citizen of full age, two years in the State, six months in the town, who is duly registered, who has paid $1 tax, or done militia service within the year is entitled to vote. JUDICIARY. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice, and three Associate Justices, and is a court of equity as well as of law. It is the court of last resort in all matters of probate, and has original, revisory, and supervisory jurisdiction. It has original jurisdiction, concurrent with the Court of Common Pleas in each county, in all civil suits, where the debt or damages claimed amount to the sum of $100 or upward, or where an easement in, or the title to real estate is in question. The Supreme Court has exclusive power to try all indictments for crimes which may be punished by imprisonment for life. The Court of Common Pleas is holden by some one of the Justices of the Supreme Court, who is assigned to that duty by his associates. This court has original jurisdiction of all civil actions at law, wherein the debt or dam 1869.] RHODE ISLAND. 445 TIHE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ages claimed amount to $50 or upward, or where the title to real estate is in question. This court has concurrent criminal jurisdiction with the Supreme Court, except as to indictments for crimes which may be punished by imprisonment for life, and has exclusive jurisdiction of all appeals, civil or criminal, from Justices of the Peace or Courts of the Magistrates. The Judges of the Supreme Court are chosen by the General Assembly, and hold office until they are removed by a resolution passee by both houses of that body, and voted for by a majority of the members elected to each house. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Nathan Clifford. District Judge, J. R. Bullock. District Attorney, Wingate Hayes. Marshal, Robert Sherman. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, Henry Pitman. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, George A. Brayton, Warwick. Associate Justices, Elisha R. Potter, South Kingston; Walter S. Burges, Cranston; Thomas Durfee, Providence. Clerks of the Siprene Court-Newport County, Thomas W. Wood; Providence County, Charles Blake; Bristol County, Charles A. Waldron; Kent Canty, Samuel L. Tillinghast; Washington County, John G. Clarke. The same are Clerks of the Ceort of Common Pleas except in Providence county, Daniel R.Balloi', and in Washington county, John Henry Wells, are Clerks of the latter court. Salary of Chief Justice $3,000, of each Associate Justice $2,500. TERMS OF SUPREME COURT. Bristol County, 1st Monday in March, 2d Monday in September; Kent County, 2d Mdnday in March, 4th Monday in August; Newport County, 3d Monday in March and September; Peovidence County, 4th Monday in March, and 1st Monday in October; Washington County, 3d Monday in February and August. TERMS OF COURT OF COMMON PLEAS. Bristol County, 1st Monday in May, and last Monday in October; Kenet County, 2d Monday in October and April; Newport County, 3d Monday in May and November; Providence County, 1st Monday in June and December for civil business, and in March and September for criminal business; Washington County, 2d Monday in May, 1st Monday in November. Balance in the Treasury, M. Receipt from State tax, Dividends on School Fund, Miscellaneous receipts, Miscellaneous receipts, —------------------------------— 155,942.09 Total,. Payments for salaries,- - -. -.- —. Pay of members and expenses of General Assembly, Public Schools, - - - -—.3 Accounts allowed by the General Assembly, - - Miscellaneous, - - - - - - —. Balance in the Treasury, -- -—.5 Total, - $397,736.61 There was no State debt in 1860. The debt created on account of the war amounted to $4,000,000 in 1865, but in 1868 it had been reduced to $3,141,500. 446 [1869. $135,337.37 - 82,668.40 23,788.75 - 155,942.09 $397,736.61 $25,471.36 15,154.01 - 49,997.36 102,862.51 - 64,331.81 139,919.56 EDUCATION. Brown University, founded in 1764, is the only college in this State. It has been successfully conducted and has a prosperous scientific school which received the avails of the agricultural land scrip granted to Rhode Island. There are a few flourishing academies in the State. The Public Schools are under the general supervision of a State School Commissioner. The report of this officer in 1868, represents education as advancing in the State. School committees, and, in some cases, superintendents in towns and cities, exercise a local supervision over the schools within their jurisdiction, and report annually to the State Commissioner. A State Normal School was in operation until 1865, when it was suspended. The Commissioner strongly recommends its re-establishment. One thousand dollars was paid in 1867 to two Academies, for imparting instruction to pupils in "Normal Departments" of these institutions. Common Schools. Number of towns, 34; number of children under 15 years of age, 56,934; number of school districts, 400; number of scholars-in summer schools, 24,593; average attendance, 19,972; in winter schools, 30,780; average attendance, 23,720; amount of Permanent School Fund, $412,685; amount appropriated-annually by the State, $50,000; last year by towns, $165,361; amount from registry taxes and other sources, $10,867.42; amount from rate-bills, $9,629.66; balance, $10,058.97; from all sources. $324,830.89 amount expended on school houses, $89,098.08. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The beneficiaries of Rhode Island, are to a considerable extent, maintained at institutions in other States. In 1868, the State had 7 pupils in the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, and 9 in the Perkins' Institution for the Blind, at South Boston. The largest number of the indigent insane are at the Butler Asylum, in Providence; but the accommodations here being limited, a considerable number are supported elsewhere. In 1868, the State had 24 beneficiaries at the Vermont Asylum for the Insane at Brattleboro, and 4 at the State Lunatic Asylum of Mass. In the Butler Asylum there are two classes of patients supported in part by the State. The larger class consists of insane poor, sent by the Overseers of the Poor of the towns to which they belong; for these the State pays $120 each per year. The other class are beneficiaries supported in part by their friends, and in part by the State, the amount depending on the number. The Hospital has been managed with economy and success; the charge for board has been kept at very low rates. The Providence Reform School, though not a State institution, received the last year $18,000 from the State for board of inmates. This school admits both sexes, and provides for their education and for their employment in industrial pursuits. The State Prison is reported as well conducted. Considerable change was made in the interior administration of the prison in 1867, by a change in officers and, to some extent, in the discipline. Gratifying improvements are noted by the Inspectors. The chapel services and the Library have been 1869.] RHODE ISLAND. 447 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. found very beneficial in their moral and general influence for good. The labor of the convicts has been let by contract; nearly all have been constantly employed. Butler Hospital for the Insane, Providence. JOHN W. SAWYER, M. D., Superintendent. Number of patients Jan. 1, 1867,-males, 59; females, 60; total, 119. Admitted during the year-males, 41; females, 36; total, 77. Discharged-recovered, 29; improved, 17; unimproved, 5; died, 14; total, 65. Remaining Jan. 1, 1868-males, 67; females, 64; total, 131. Reform School, Providence. JAMES M. TALCOTT, Superintendent. Number in school Nov. 30, 1866-males, 144; females, 63; total, 207. Commitments during the year-males, 137; females, 18; total, 157. Discharged-males, 132; females, 33; total, 165. Remaining Nov. 30, 1867-males, 151; females, 48; total, 199. Average time in the institution of those discharged -males, 15 months; females, 28+ months. Causes of commitment during the year-theft, 58; vagrancy, 11; stubbornness and truancy, 16; to await trial, 38; malicious mischief, 9; returned from places for cause, 11; miscellaneous, 44; total, 157. Age-10 years and under, 25; 11 years, 16; 12 years, 15; 13 years, 20; 14 years, 13; 15 years, 24; 16 years, 26; 17 and upwards, 18; total, 157. Parentage —American, 60; Irish, 85; other foreign, 12; total, 157. Whole number received since Nov. 1850-males, 1,236; females, 366; total, 1,602. State Prison, Providence. NELSON VIALL, eVarden. Number of prisoners Jan. 1,1867,72. There have been committed since, 25. Discharged, 27. Pardoned, 9. Died, 2. Remaining Jan. 1, 1868-males, 56; females, 3; total, 59. Of these 52 are white, and 7 colored. Nativity -United States, 44; foreigners, 15; total, 59. Number of prisoners since 1838-males, 529; females, 14; total, 543. Nativity-Rhode Island, 215; other States, 164; foreign countries, 164; total, 543. Cause of commitment-larceny, 250; murder, 22; passing counterfeit money, 31; burglary, 37; assaults with various intents, 64; robbery, 30; arson, 20; house breaking, 11; miscellaneous, 78; total, 543. Number under 20 years of age, 100; from 20 to 30, 272; from 30 to 40, 101; from 40 to 50, 50; from 50 to 60, 12; from 60 to 70, 7; over 70, 1. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population as given by the United States Census, was as follows: Population. mrnas per ct. Population. Incroae per ct. 1790............69,110................ 1830............... 97,199........... 17.02 1800................69,122................02 1840...............108,830...............11.97 1810................77,031................11.44 1850...............147,545............... 35.57 1820................88,015................ 7.83 1860...............174,620.............. 18.35 The population as given by the State registration in 1865, was 184,965. Rhode Island is principally a manufacturing State. It is the least in extent in the Union, but in proportion to population it ranks first in the product of cotton, and second in that of woolen manufactures. Its abundant water power and facilities for transportation have given it advantages which have been well improved. The State has considerable coasting trade and some foreign commerce. The cultivated land is moderately fertile, but is employed more in grazing and for dairy purposes, than for tillage except in the'vicinity of the cities and larger towns. Very little wheat culture is attempted. Other crops are more remunerative as well as more abundant and certain. The Products in 1866 were-corn, 408,293 bushels; value, $579,776; rye, 32,658 bushels; value, $47,028; oats, 154,222 bushels; value, $112,582; barley, 35,031 bushels; value, $40,250; potatoes, 499,440 bushels; value, $399,552; hay, 53,379 tons; value, $1,689,979. Banks. Number of National Banks, 62; capital, $20,364,800. Number of Savings Banks, 25; total amount of deposits, $21,413,647.14. Railroads. Number of miles of track in Rhode Island, 170~05; capital stock, $37,597,548; costof roads, $39,398,373.14; cost of equipments, $1,975,664.31; number of passengers carried during the year, 12,101,194; number of tons of merchandise carried during the year, 1,320,623; receipts for the year, $5,133,047.14; current expenses of the year, $3,989,257.61; net earnings of the year, $1,473,588.56; indebtedness by mortgage, $11,790,850; indebtedness by preferred stock, $548,800; all other indebtedness, $4,922,022.75. 448 [1869. 31. SOUTH CAROLINA. Capital, Columbia. Area, 34,000 square miles. Poulation, (1860), 703,708. South Carolina was settled by the English at Port Royal in 1670, a grant of the territory having been made in 1662, by Charles II. tb Lord Clarendon and others. The proprietary government at first complex, was more confused by the introduction of John Locke's Constitution, soon after the settlement of the State. Locke's scheme of government was soon abandoned, and in 1619, the two Carolinas were separated, and a royal government was established in South Carolina. This is one of the original thirteen States; it established a State Constitution March 26, 1776, and ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 23, 1798. Its State constitution has been frequently amended. An ordinance of secession was adopted, Dec. 20, 1860. After the close of the war, or June 30, 1865, Benjamin F. Terry was appointed Provisional Governor. At a State Convention which assembled September 13, 1865, the ordinance of secession was repealed, political privileges were extended to the people, and a new State constitution was formed and adopted. State officers were appointed, the Provisional Governor was relieved, December 25, and the authority passed into the hands of the government elected by the people. The act of Congress, March, 1867, placed this State in the Second Military district, under the command of Gen. Daniel E. Sickles until August 26, when he was relieved, and Major General R. S. Canby appointed in his place. A State Convention assembled in Charleston, January 14, 1868, and adopted a constitution which was ratified by the people. The State was re-admitted into the Union by vote of Congress, June 25, 1868. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDxENCE. SALARY. Gove?rnr...........................ROBERT K. SCOTT..............Columbia........ *$3,500 Lieutenant Governor................LEMUEL BOOZE R.............Lexington.............. Secretary of State..................F. L. CARDOZO...............Columbia.............. t 3,000 Treaurer and Receiver General......NILES G. PARKER............Columbia............ 2,500 Auditor....................REUBEN TOuLISON.........Columbia............... 2,500 Attorney General...................D. H. CHAR1BERLAIN..........Charleston............. 3,000 Sipt. of Public Instruction........... J. K. JILLSON................Camden................ 2,500 Comnmissner of Agricuture.....H. SPARWICK............... Charleston......... 1,500 Adjutant General...................F. J. MosEs, JR.....S.....Sumter................. 3,000 The Governor and Lieutenant Governor must each have attained the age of thirty years, and have been two years a resident of the State. They are elected biennially by the qualified voters, and hold office two years or until their successors are clfosen and qualified. The next election will be on the 3d Wednesday of October, 1870. The Comptroller General, Treasurer, and Secretary of State are also chosen by the qualified voters for the term of four years. The Senate is composed of one member from each county, except the county of Charleston, which has two Senators; the House of Representatives, of 124 members apportioned among the several counties according to the population of each. * And a furnished house. + Including Clerk's pay. 29* And a fuihed house. 29 1869.] SOUTH CAROLINA. 449 t Including Clerk's pay. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The Senators must be at least 25, and the Representatives 21 years of age. Senators hold office for four years, one-half being chosen every second year. Representatives hold office for two years, and are chosen at the same time as Senators, at the general election, 3d Wednesday in October. Every male citizen of the United States, 21 years of age, without distinction of race, color or former condition, who has resided in the State one year, and in the county in which he offers his vote, sixty days next preceding any election is entitled to vote. Paupers, convicts, persons of unsound mind, and all persons disqualified by the Constitution of the United States, are excluded. JUDICIARY. The judicial power of this State is vested in a Supreme Court, and in two Circuit Courts, viz: A Court of Common Pleas, having civil jurisdiction, and a Court of General Sessions, with criminal jurisdiction only; in Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, two of whom constitute a quorum. They are elected by a joint vote of the General Assembly, for the term of six years, and continue in office until their successors are elected and qualified. They are so classified that one of the Justices goes out of office every two years. The Chief Justice elected under the Constitution continues in office six years, one of the Associate Justices serves for the term of two years, and one for the term of four years. The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction only in cases of chancery, and constitutes a court for the correction of errors at law. It has power to issue writs of injunction, mandamus, quo warraito, heas corpus, and such other original and remedial writs as may be necessary to give it a general surpervisory control over all other courts in the State. The Courts of Common Pleas have exclusive jurisdiction in all cases of divorce, and exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil cases and actions ex delicto, which are not cognizable before Justices of the Peace, and appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may be provided by law. They have power to issue writs of mandamus, prohibition, scire facias, and all other writs which may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect. The Court of General Sessions has exclusive jurisdiction over all criminal cases which are not otherwise provided for by law. It shall sit in each county in the State at least three times in each year, at such stated times and places as the General Assembly may direct. The Judges of the Supreme Court and of the Circuit Courts are elected by joint vote of the General Assembly, the former for a term of six years and the latter for a term of four years. Judges of Probate Courts are elected by qualified voters of the counties for two years. Clerks of the Court of Common Pleas are appointed in the same way for four years. The Clerk and Reporter of the Supreme Court are appointed by the Judges, and hold office two years. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Salmon P. Chase. Ditrict Judge, George S. Bryan. District Attrney, D. T. Corbin. Marshal, J. P. M. Epping. 450 [1869. JUDGES OF SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, F. J. Moses, Sumter. Ass8ociate Justices, A. J. Willard, Charleston; S. L. Hoge, Columbia. Salaries-of Chief Justice, $4,000; of others, $3,500 each. JUDGES OF CIRCUIT COURT. R. B. Carpenter, Charleston; Zeph. Platt, Aiken; John T. Green, Sumter; J. P. Rutland, Winnsboro; Lemuel Boozer, Lexington; T. O. P. Vernon, Spartanburg; W. M. Thomas, Greenville; James L. Orr, Anderson. Salaries, $3,500 each. FINA The Treasury accounts from Oct. 1, 1 were kept byWm. Hood, late Tre the receipts to latter date, - Receipts from April 30, to October 31 Payments to April 30, reported by Wm. Hood, late Treasurer, Payments from April 30, to October 31, - - - Balance in Treasury, October 31, 1868, - - STATE DEBT. The entire bonded debt of the State, October 1, 1868, was $5,407,306.27, of which $484,444.51, issued in 1838 for the rebuilding of Charleston, was due in July, 1868. Bonds and stocks of the State had also been issued for Military Defence, from Dec. 1860, amounting, Oct. 1, 1866, to $2,141,840, with interest due at date, $324;004.42. The assets of the State, consisting of shares in railroad and turnpike companies, which were a source of revenue before the war, amounted, Oct. 1, 1868 to $2,754,660. EDUCATION. The supervision of public instruction is vested in a State Superintendent of Education, chosen by the people at the same time as other State officers. There is elected biennially in each county, one School Commissioner, and the Commissioners constitute a State Board of Education, of which the State Superintendent is by virtue of his office, chairman. The new constitution requires the General Assembly to provide for a uniform system of free public schools; for the division of the State into school districts; for the compulsory attendance at either public or private schools, of all children between the ages of 6 and 16. years not physically or mentally disabled; for levying a tax on property and polls for the support of schools; for the establishment and support of a State Normal School; of educational institutions for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind; of a State Reform School, and for the State University and Agricultural College. All the public schools, colleges, and universities of this State, supported in whole or in part by the public funds, are free and open to all the children and youth of the State without regard to race or color. The proceeds of all lands that have been or hereafter may be given by the United States to this State for educational purposes, and not otherwise appro SOUTH CAROLINA. 1869.1] 45t $494,427.42 339,827.57 $834,254.99 $398,881.16 409,088.76 - 26,285.07 $834,254.99 Total, Total, - '. - ,. I ir THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. priated by this State or the United States, and of all lands or other property given by individuals or appropriated by the State for like purpose, and of all estates of deceased persons who have died without leaving a will or heir, are to be securely invested and sacredly preserved as a State School Fund, and the annual interest and income of said fund, together with such other means as the General Assembly may provide, are to be faithfully appropriated for the purpose of establishing and maintaining free public schools, and for no other purposes or uses whatever. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The constitution directs that institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind, deaf and dumb, and the poor, shall always be fostered and supported by this State, and shall be subject to such regulations as the General Assembly may enact. The Directors of the Penitentiary are to be elected or appointed as the General Assembly may direct. The Directors of benevolent and other State institutions, created after the ratification of the constitution, are to be appointed by the Governor, by and with the consent of the Senate; and upon all nominations made by the Governor, the question shall be taken by yeas and nays, and entered upon the journals. The respective counties of this State are required to make such provision as may be determined by law, for all those inhabitants who by reason of age and infirmities or misfortunes, may have a claim upon the sympathy and aid of society. The Physician of the Lunatic Asylum, who is Superintendent of the same, is appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate. All other necessary officers and employees are appointed by the Governor. Lunatic Asylum, Columbia. J. W. PARKER, M.D., Superintendent. Number in Asylum, Nov. 1, 1866, 142; received during the year, 85, making a total of 227. Discharged-cured, 25; eloped, 2; removed, 3; died, 11; total, 41. Remaining, Jan. 1, 1867-males, 88; females, 99; total, 187. Of these, there are-paying class, 61; paupers, 126; total, 187. Expenditures for Charitable Institutions. Expenditures in building South Carolina Penitentiary-from Nov. 14, 1866 to Oct. 31, 1867, $66,942.86; from Nov. 1, 1867 to Oct. 3t, 1868, $80,112.42; total, $147,055.28. Expenditures of the Lunatic Asylum-for 1866, $47,344.91; for 1867, $39,503.95; for 1868, $58,024.15; total, $144,873.01. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of this-State at each decade since 1790 was as follows: Cenus. Ate. Free Colored. Ile,e. Total n. ipereet. 1790............140,178......... 1,801..........107,094......... 249,073............. 1800............196,25............. 3,185.............146,151.........345,59..........8.75 1810............214,196.............4,5.............196,365............415,105........... 20.12 1820............237,440.............6,822.............258,475............502,741............. 21.11 183 0............257,863.............7,921.............315,401............581,185............. 15.06 1840............259,084.............8,276........... 327,038.............594, 398............. 2.27 1850............274,563.............8,960........... 384,984............ 668,507............. 12.47 1860............291,388.............9,914.............402,406............703,708............. 27 The large increase of the colored population of this State, both free and slaves, from 1790 to 1860 is particularly noticeable. While the increase in the white population was but 107 per cent. in 70 years, the increase of colored persons was more than 275 per cent., and though less than 44 per 452 [869. cent. in 1790, it was greater than the white population in 1820, and in 1860, constituted more than 58 per cent. of the whole population. This State has been largely engaged in agriculture, the amount of its chief products in 1860, being-wheat, 1,285,637 bushels; Indian corn, 15,065,606 bushels; oats, 936,974 bushels; rice, 119,100,528 lbs.; and cotton, 141,265,200 lbs. It was the seventh State in the product of cotton, and its product of rice exceeded that of all the other States together by more than 50,000,000 lbs. The value of live stock in 1860, was $23,934,465. At that time there were in the State, 12,165,049 acres of improved, and 11,623,860 acres of unimproved lands. The effects of the late war were to depreciate the value of real estate, and especially agricultural property, and to change the system of labor and cultivation. The partial failure of the cotton crop, and the entire failure of the grain crops in some parts of the State in 1866, following so soon after the destruction of property caused by the war, left much of the State in an impoverished condition. A joint resolution of Congress authorized the distribution by the officers of the Freedmen's Bureau of large supplies of food, which relieved the immediate wants of the people, but the general indebtedness, the scarcity of money, the want of reliable laborers, and the unsettled condition of the country, have prevented a general and successful development of the resources of the State; and if to these facts there be added the great depreciation in the price of cotton, some of the difficulties which have attended industrial occupations may be comprehended. The natural resources of the State are, however, good, and the determination to accept the changed condition of things and develop these resources, with the inducements offered to immigrants will, it is believed, attract capital and enterprise which will be successfully employed. Governor Scott in his message to the Legislature urges prompt provision for the extinguishment of the State debt, rigid economy and equitable taxation, to insure the regular payment of accrued and coming due interest. The valuation and assessment of lands and improvements is to be made prior to the meeting of the General Assembly in 1870, and every fifth year thereafter. The real and personal property of a woman, held at the time of her marriage, or acquired afterwards, is not subject to levy and sale for her husband's debts, but is held as her separate property. Gold has been found in several places, and the mines have been worked successfully in the Abbeville and Edgefield districts. These mines were neglected for a time, but work was resumed on them in 1866, with satisfactory results. The first mint deposits from South Carolina were $3,500 in 1827; the aggregate of such deposits to June 30, 1866, was $1,353,663.98. The manufacturing interest of the State is increasing in importance. Several cotton and paper mills have been supplied with new and improved machinery and put in successful operation. Products for 1866. Corn, 6,026,242 bushels, value, $9,521,462; wheat, 642,815 bushels, value, $2,050,580; rye. 53,454 bushels, value, $105,89; oats, 655,881 bushels, value, $728,028; potatoes, 158,714 bushels, value, $163,475; hay, 70,069 tons, value, $1,541,518. Banks. The number of National Banks, September 30,1868, was 8, with a capital of $685,000. 189.] SOUTH CAROLINA. 453 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 32. TENNESSEE. Capital, Nashville. Area, 45,600 square miles. tPopulation, (1860,)1,109,801. Tennessee was first settled at Fort Donelson, in 1756, by emigrants from Virginia and North Carolina; it originally formed a part of the latter State, but was ceded to the United States in 1784. A constitution was adopted February 6, 1796, and the State admitted into the Union June 1, of the same year. At the time the other southern States were seceding from the Union, or on the 9th of February, 1861, the question of a convention for the State was submitted to the people, when a majority of 64,1-14 voted against a convention. An extra session of the Legislature called by the Governor, convened on the 25th of April, 1861, and on the 9th of May passed an ordinance of secession, which was repealed in February, 1865. The State was restored to her former relations to the Union, and admitted to representation in Congress, by a resolution which was approved by the President, July 24, 1866. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor....................... WILLIAM G. BROWNLOW........Knoxville................$3,000 e&cretary of State.................A. J. FLETCHER................Cleveland.................2,300 T reaurer......................JOHN R. HENRY................. Knoxville.................. 2,800 At~oey General...............T. H. COLDWELL................Shelbyville................1,500 Auditor........................G. W. BLACKBURN......... Nashville..................2,850 Sep'tpt of bli Instruction......JOHN EATON, Jr............. Memphis...................2,400 Adjutant General...............D. T. BOYNTON................Knoxville..................1800 State Librarian..................A. GATTINGER..................Nashville............... 1,000 The Governor is elected by the people, by a plurality vote, for two years. The Secretary of State, Treasurer, Comptroller, and AttorneyOb'neria,'ar"e' chosen by the Legislature on joint ballot, the Secretary of State for four years, the others for two years. The sessions of the Legislature are biennial. The members of both houses are elected for two years. The constitution adopted in 1834, gave the elective franchise to every free white man of the age of 21 years, being a citizen of the United States, and for six months a resident of the county; provided, that all persons of color who are competent witnesses in a court of justice against a white man, may also vote. ,By the amendment of 1866, the qualifications of voters and the limitation f the elective franchise was to be determined by the General Assembly which first assembled under the amended constitution. The General Assembly extended the right of suffrage to the blacks, and excluded certain classes of those engaged in the rebellion. JUDICIARY. The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Legislature may from time to time establish. The Supreme Court consists of three Judges, who reside in the three divisions of the State. The inferior courts, so called, are Courts of Chancery, Circuit Courts, County Courts, and Justices' Courts. .0 454 [1869. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Noah H. Swayne. District Judge, C. F. Trigg. District Attorney-E-ast District, Crawford W. Hall; Middle ]District, H. H. Harrison; Western District, S. L. Warren. Marshal-Eastern District, Blackstone McDaniel; Middle District, Edwin R. Glasscock; Westerm District, J. M. Tomeny. Clerk of District Court-Middle District, R. McP. Smith. Ckerk of Circuit and District Courts- Western District, A. S. Mitchell. SUPREME COURT. Judges. Messrs. Milligan, Hawkins, Shackleford. Clerk, Jesse G. Frazier. CHANCERY COURT. Chancellor, David Campbell, Franklin. Clerk, Morton B. Howell. FINANCES. The Receipts of the Treasury for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1867, were, -—... $2,336,444.94 Disbursements, -. —.- - - - - 1,776,517.33 Expenditures not included in report, -.. ---- 483,004.84 Balance in Treasury, -... ------ $76,922.77 STATE DEBT. The entire State liabilities amounted to $32,562,323.58, of which $23,601,000 was represented by bonds loaned to railroads. EDUCATION. The first public institution for higher education west of the Alleghanies, was organized in East Tennessee in 1780 or 1781, at Salem in Washington county. Washington College, Greenville College, Blount College at Knoxville, now East Tennessee University, were all incorporated at about the same time, (1794 or 1795,) and have exerted an important influence in the cause of education in this State. The State University at Nashville and several Academies and Schools of a higher order in different parts of the State, afford facilities.for higher education. The cause of Public Education has received a new impulse by the system of Free Schools which has been established since the war. The State Superintendent has the general supervision of public schools. County Superintendents have been appointed in the different districts, and by their efforts and co-operation with the State Superintendent have done much towards organizing a successful school system. The State Library has about 17,000 volumes, of which 7,000 are duplicates. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The principal charitable institutions are the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Knoxville, the Institution for the Blind, and the Hospital for the Insane, at Nashville. These institutions were much injured during the war by the destruction of fences and furniture, and damage to the buildings. The Hospital for the Insane has been much improved, and several additions and outbuildings 1869.] TENNESSEE. 455 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. have been completed, but increased accommodations are much needed. Provision was made by the Legislature in 1865 and 1866 for the erection of a hospital for the colored insane. The School for the Deaf and Dumb, first established in 1845, was in a pros perous condition in 1861, when it was closed, and the pupils separated to their homes; the building was used for hospital purposes by both armies in turn. At the close of the war, it was again placed in the hands of the Trustees, repairs were made, and it was re-opened Dec. 7, 1866. The number of pupils is steadily increasing. The State Penitentiary at Nashville, went into operation in 1831. It is conducted on the silent system. Tennessee Hospital for the Insane, Nashville. W. P. JoNEs, M.D., Superintendent. Number in hospital April 1, 1865-males, 94; females, 76; total, 170. Admitted from April 1, 1865 to Oct. 1, 1867-males, 163; females, 100; total, 263. Discharged-recovered, 92; improved, 44 unimproved, 5; eloped, 9; died, 36; total, 186. Remaining Oct. 1, 1867-males, 138; females, 109; total, 247. Of these there are-pay patients, 50; indigent, 197; total, 247. Age of those admitted-20 and under, 20; from 20 to 30, 77; 30 to 40, 69; 40 to 50, 51; 50 to 60, 16; 60 to 70, 11; 70 to 90, 4; unknown, 15. Occupation-farmers, 87; house-keepers, 86; soldiers, 11; merchants, 13; students, 12; miscellaneous and no occupation, 56. Supposed cause of insanity -intemperance, 26; hereditary, 47; religious excitement, 11; epilepsy, 9; war excitement, 27; disappointed affection, 12; over work, 10; injury to head, 7; onanism, 7; ill health, 7; miscellaneous and unknown, 100; total, 263. Nativity-Tennessee, 181; other States, 43; foreign countries, 39; total, 263. Tennessee Deaf and Dumb School, Knoxville. J. H. IJAMS, A. B., Principal. Number of pupils Nov. 1, 1867-males, 30; females, 26; total, 56. Tennessee Blind School, Nashville. J. M. STURTEVANT, Superintendent. Number of inmates, September 1868, 35. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of the State as given by the United States Census at different periods, was as follows: Whites. Fre. Coored. Blaes. Total, Ine. per cent. 1790............. 32,013............ 361............ 3,417............ 35,791............ 1800............. 91,709........... 309.........13,584............ 105,602............195.05 1810.............215,875............1,317............ 44,535............ 261,727............147.84 1820.............339,927............2,727............ 80,107............ 422,761............ 61.55 1830.............535,746............4,555............141,603............ 681,904............ 61.28 1840.............640,627............5,524............183,059............ 829,210..........21,05 1850.............756,836............6,422............239,459.........1 002717............ 20.92 1860........... 826,782............7,300.........275,719.........1,109,801. 10.68 The colored population reported in 1860 was principally in the middle and western portions of the State, there being only about 22,000 or less than one twelfth in East Tennessee. The length of the State is nearly four times as much as its breadth, and it extends over only about one and a half degrees of latitude, yet the peculiarities of its surface are such that it is usually divided into three sections in regard to climate and agricultural capabilities. The Eastern section is much broken by mountains and hills, and before the war was engaged principally in stock-raising, wool-growing, and the production of corn and wheat. Middle Tennessee is less broken, though a portion of its surface consists of elevated table lands, producing tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, rye, and the vegetables and fruits adapted to the climate. West Tennessee is more nearly level, and before the war was more exten 456 [1869. sively engaged in raising cotton. Since slavery was abolished, the agricultural products of this part of the State have been more varied. Rich veins of iron ore are found in a large number of the counties of East Tennessee; copper in abundance in Polk, county; nitre in several caves. Coal is found of good quality, and in beds thick enough to be profitably worked. Quarries of marble and very superior stone for building are also found in abundance. East Tennessee is also rich in lime, marl, zinc, salt, lead, slate, fire clay, and hydraulic cement. East Tennessee has abundant water power for extensive manufactures, but this branch of industry has been limited. Products. The value of the principal articles of production in 1860, was: Flour and meal, $4,124,812; lumber, sawed, $2,199,703; leather, $1,142,246; cotton goods, $698,122; iron, bar, boiler plate, etc., $543,398; iron, pig, $549,640; copper ore, $404,000; boots and shoes, $395,790; spirits, $227,353; steam engines and machinery, $732,350; agricultural implements, $117,260. In 1860, there were 2,572 establishments, employing $14,426,261 capital, and 12,528 hands, consuming raw material worth $9,416,514, and yielding products valued at $17,987,225. In 1866 the products were-corn, 46,880,933 bushels; value, $36,098,318; wheat, 3,985,265 bushels; value, $8,807,435; rye, 232,190 bushels; value, $273,984; oats, 2,970,836 bushels; value, $1,515,126; barley, 20,115 bushels; value, $27,960; buckwheat, 13,322 bushels; value, $15,587; potatoes, 1,501,146 bushels; value, $1,080,825; tobacco, 46,054,983 pounds; value, $9,671,546; hay, 140,580 tons; value, $2,619,000. Banks. The number of National Banks, Sept. 30, 1868, was-organized, 13; closed or closing, 1; in operation, 12, with a capital of $2,025,300. 33. TEXAS. Capital, Austin. Area, 247,356 square miles. Popuation, (1860), 604,215. This state was settled at Bexar, now San Antonio, in 1694, by Spaniards; it formed a part of Mexico until 1836, when it declared its independence, and instituted a separate government. It was admitted into the Union, by joint resolutions, approved March 1, and December 29,1845. An ordinance of secession was adopted at a state convention, February 5, 1861, and the state joined the Southern Confederacy. At the close of the war, Gen. A. J. Hamilton was appointed provisional governor. He took charge of the executive department, July 25, 1865, and called a state convention which assembled at Austin, February 10, 1866, and annulled the ordinance of secession, and all debts created by the state during the war. In compliance with the instructions received from the federal authorities at Washington, August 13, 1866, the provisional governor transferred the civil authority to the state officers, elected June 4th. By the act of Congress, approved March 2, 1867, Texas, with Louisiana, was constituted the 5th Military District, which was placed under the command of General Philip H. Sheridan; he was removed from the command, August 29, and General Hancock appointed. December 18, an order was issued for an election to determine whether a convention should be held and for the selection of delegates thereto. The convention was ordered and assembled June 1, in Austin, but adjourned to December before completing the constitution. The Bill of Rights, as adopted, declares that "The equality of all persons before the law is recognized, and shall ever remain inviolate; 18s9.] TEXAS. 457 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. nor shall any citizen ever be deprived of any right, privilege or immunity, nor be exempted from any burden or duty, on account of race, color, or previous condition." The state has not yet been admitted to representation in Congress, and reconstruction has not been perfected so as to secure adequate protection to life and property in all parts of the state. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Govern.......................E. M. PEASE...................Austin....................$4,000 Private Secretary...............THADDEUS MCRAE.............Austin.......................1,500 Comptroller....................MORGAN C. HAMILTON.........Austin.....................2,500 Treasurer......................JOHN T. ALLAN................Austin.................. i..2,500 Secretary of State...............WILLIAM C. PHILLIPS..........Austin.................... 2,500 Attorney General...............E. B. TURNER............Austin.................... 3,000 Corn. of General Land Office... JOSEPH SPENCE................Austin..................2, 500 Supt. of Public Instruction.......EDWIN M. WHEELOCK..........Austin..................... The Governor holds office for four years. Senators are chosen for six years, and are divided into three classes, so that one-third are elected biennially. The compensation of members of the Legislature is eight dollars per day, and eight dollars for each twenty-five miles in traveling to and from the seat of government. Every free male person, who shall be a citizen of the United States (Indians not taxed, Africans, and descendants of Africans excepted), and who has resided one year in the state, and six months in the county, is entitled to vote. JUDICIARY. The Supreme Court of Texas consists of one Chief Justice and four Associate Justices. A District Court is held in each of the 17 districts into which the state is divided. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Noah H. Swayne. District Judge-Eastern District, J. C. Watrous. Wester District, T. H. Duval. District Attorney-Eastern District, T. J. Baldwin. Westerni District, E. B. Turner. Marshal-Eastern District, J. J. Byrne. Western District, A. P. Blocker. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, Amos Morill, Austin. Associate Justices, C. Caldwell, Jefferson; L. Lindsey, Lag,range; A. H. Lattimer, Clarksville; A. J. Hamilton, Austin. Clerks, George H. Gray, Travis; Geo. W. Honey, Galveston; Thomas Smith, Smith. Salary of Judges, $4 500 each. DISTRICT COURTS. 1st District-Judge, J. B. McFarland. Attorney, D. W. Harcourt. 2d District-Judge, J. J. Thornton. Attorney, W. R. Makemson. 3d District-Judge, Geo. R. Scott. Attorney, J. W. Alexander. 4th District-Judge, Thos. H. Stribling. Attorney, T. G. Anderson. 5th DistrictJudge, A. B. Norton. Attorney, Green J. Clark. 6th District-Judge, J. B. Williamson. Attorney, John J. Carey. 7th District-Judge, Hardin Hart. Attorney, J. M. Hurt. 8th DistrictJudge, Winston Banks. Attorney, A. P. Shuford. 9th DistrwIct-Judge, Samuel L. Earle. Attorney, Harvey W. Moone. 10th District-Judge, Wesley Ogden. Attorney, J. C. Lackey. lith District-Judge, W. P. Bacon. Attorney, Jas. A. Zabriskie. 12th District-Judge, Elisha Basse. Attorney, F. E. McManus. 13th District-Judge, N. Hart Davis. Attorney, P. W. Hall. 14th District-Attorney, Lewis G. Browne. 15th District-Judge, H. C. Pedigo. Attorney, J. M. Crosson. 16th District-Judge, J. H. Noonan. Attorney, J. R. Shook, 17th District-Judge, A. J. Evans. Attorney, J.J. Pardeman. Salary of Judges, $3,500 each; of Attorneys, $1,000 each. 458 1869. TERMS OF SUPREME COURT. One term every year in Austin, commencing 1st Monday in October, and continuing twelve weeks, unless the business is sooner disposed of. One telrm every year in Galveston, commencing 2d Monday in January, and continuing ten weeks, unless the business is sooner disposed of. One term every year in Tyler, commencing 2d Monday in April, and continuing in session till the last Saturday in June, unless the business is sooner disposed of. FINANCES. The Comptroller reports the receipts from Sept. 4, 1867, to May 31, 1868, inclusive, from state revenues, $369,467.79, and the warrants drawn for the same time were, $165,104.88; the whole amount of warrants drawn for 12 months, from July, 1867, to June, 1868, inclusive, was $247,948.95; the total balance on hand in the Treasury, May 31, 1868, including balances of various funds, was $2,844,532.19. STATE DEBT. The Auditorial Board was created by act of the Legislature, and is composed of the Governor, Comptroller and Treasurer. This Board reportedAmount of liabilities against the state, presented under the law creating the Board, up to August 1, 1867, $331,471.44; amount audited by the Board, $139,055.37; amount of 5 per cent. specie bonds issued by the Board, as follows: To the University Fund, $134,472.26; to the Common School Fund, $32,168.82. These bonds have semi-annual specie coupons attached, and are payable, January 1, 1879. EDUCATION. In accordance with a resolution of the Legislature, a Board of Administrators of the University of Texas was appointed, which organized in 1867 and examined sites, but made no selections. A Board of Administrators has also been appointed for the East Texas University, and a portion of the "University Land" set aside for its endowment. Under article 10, section 10, of the Constitution, a Board of Education was authorized, to consist of the Governor, the Comptroller, and the Superintendent of Public Instruction. This Board has the general management and control of the Perpetual School Fund and Common Schools, subject to regulation by the Legislature. The Legislature passed an act establishing a system of common schools, and regulations were adopted concerning the school fund. The Board of Education had its first meeting on the 17th of November, 1867. The superintendent, Hon. E. M. Wheelock, writes under date of Dec. 4, 1868, " There is no school system in Texas, and the school fund which had been accumulating, was mainly ruined and dissipated by the war. A plan for free schools, in essentials similar to the systems of the states North and West, has been submitted to the Reconstruction Committee, now in session, and strong hopes are entertained of its adoption. The number of children who should be at school in Texas, exceeds 200,000; the number actually enjoying school privileges is about 20,000." 1869.] TEXAS. 459 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The Texas Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established by law as a state Institution at a special session of the Legislature in 1856, and was opened for the reception of pupils in January, 1857. It is situated on the west bank of the Colorado river, directly opposite the city of Austin. The buildings are at present only the temporary wooden buildings that were on the property when purchased, enlarged and adapted to the purpose. The growth and progress of the Institution have been greatly retarded by the diastrous condition of public affairs; only fifty-seven pupils in all had been received in 1868. The number in attendance in 1867 was twenty-two. The average annual expenditure before the war, was $8,500 in specie; since the war, about $12,000 in currency. The officers are a Board of Trustees, consisting of five members, appointed by the Governor, a Superintendent, appointed by the Trustees, two assistant teachers, a matron, and an assistant mnatron. All the expenses are defrayed from the public treasury, except the clothing of the pupils, and this is furnished to the indigent. The Texas State Lunatic Asylum was organized in March, 1861, the Superintendent being appointed by Gen. Sam. Houston, then Governor of Texas. The officers were several times changed during the war, but the first superintendent, B. Graham, M. D., is now in office. The buildings are not more than one-fifth completed, and are filled to their utmost capacity. The usual average of inmates has been about 75; the income is derived from counties and friends of patients, the state making up the deficiency. Annual expense, $20,000. The Blind Asylum is continued under the superintendency of S. W. Baker, M.D. The whole amount expended by the state for charitable institutions since their establishment, is as follows: Land appropriated for Asylums, Aug. 30, 1856......................................... $9,278.50 Lunatic Asylum, amount drawn.......................................................283,885.72 Deaf and Dumb Asylum, amount drawn..............................................153,195.11 Blind Asylum......................................................................... 85,9.4465 Total.................................................................$531,603.98 The Penitentiary was erected in 1848. The expense paid by the state for its erection and support up to June 1, 1868, was as follows: For erection and support of the Penitentiary...........................$133,216.70 of factory, materials, machinery and fuel.....................127,000.00 $260,216.70 Salary of Superintendents................................................ 12,549.60 " Clerks and Financial Agents..................................... 12,387.00 " Directors........................................................ 5,343.44 Chaplain........................................................ 1,562.49 Physician...................................................... 2,517.36 34,359.89 34,359.89 Stationery, postage and printing.................................................... 412.50 Total..............................................................................$294,989.09 POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The first United States Census in Texas was taken in 1850, when the population was 212,592. In 1860, it was 604,215, or an increase of 184.22 per cent. in ten years. .460 L1869. Texas possesses in a high degree the advantages of a salubrious and temperate climate, and a soil of unsurpassed fertility, adapted to the production of all the most valuable staples, together with great mineral resources. It is eminently a stock growing State, having twice as many cattle as any other State in 1860. The flocks of sheep have also been rapidly increasing. Diseases among cattle and sheep made stock raising less profitable in 1868. It has the advantage of affording perennial pasturage for cattle, which costs literally nothing. Snow and ice are of rare occurrence; the former sometimes falls to the depth of two or three inches in Northern Texas, and ice forms about an inch thick, but both disappear in a few days. Farming operations are carried on every month in the year without interruption either from heat or cold. The growing season in Texas is about twice as long as in the more northern states of the Union, and most crops mature from six weeks to two months earlier. The streams are usually bordered with timber, the width of the timber varying from one or two hundred yards to eight or ten miles on each side of the stream. The balance of the country between the streams is generally prairie, except in the eastern counties which are mostly covered with heavy timber. The bottom lands generally yield a bale of cotton of 500 pounds or more to the acre, or about 60 bushels of corn. The uplands yield usually 300 or 400 pounds of cotton, or 30 or 40 bushels of corn to the acre. The land is capable of producing large crops of wheat, rye, oats, potatoes and tobacco, and, in some parts of the state, sugar cane and fruits. Of minerals, iron appears to be the most abundant, and is found in quantity in Grayson, Titus, Cherokee, Anderson, Nacogdoches, Williamson, Gillespie, Burnet, Llano and other counties, with comparatively little effort at development. Salt, lead, zinc, copper, soapstone, and marble are found in several counties. In the prairie lands, salt-ponds and lagoons abound, where in dry seasons salt is deposited in immense quantities. During the late war Texas and Upper Louisiana were supplied from this source. Wild or unimproved lands range in price from 12Y cents to $10 per acre, and embrace a very large proportion of the total area of the state, less than two per cent. being under cultivation in 1860. Previous to the late unfortunate war, the price of lands had been steadily, though slowly advancing throughout the state. Since the war all lands have fallen down to a small part of their previous value. Cultivated farming lands may be bought at from $5 to $10 per acre, and in some places even less. Products in 1866. Corn, 20,295,863 bushels; value, $19,0"8,111; wheat, 1,847,931 bushels; value, $2,679,500; oats, 1,084,478 bushels; value, $932,651; potatoes, 250,822 bushels; value, $1-5,575. Banks. The number of National Banks, Sept. 30, 1868, was 4, with a capital of $525,000. 1869.] TEXAS. 461 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 34. VERMONT. Capital, Montpelier. Area, 10,212 square miles. Popnlation, (1860), 315,098. This State was settled at Brattleboro, in 1724, by emigrants from Massachusetts and Connecticut, under grants from New Hampshire. It was claimed by both New Hampshire and New York, and was for a time under the government of the latter, but at a convention held in Westminster, January 16, 1777, it was declared a free and independent State. It was admitted into the Union in 1791. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor...........................JOHN B. PAGE.............. Rutland................$1,000 Lieutenant Governor................STEPHEN THOS..............West Fairlee...........* Secetary of State...................GEORGE NICHOLS.............Northfield..............800 Treavurer..........................JOHN A. PAGE...............Montpelier............. 1,200 Auditor............................DUGALD STEWAnT...........Middlebury............ 1,500 Secretary Board of Educatioa.......A. E. RANIIN............................ 1,000 Adjutant General................... WILLIAM WELLS............ Burlington............. 75 The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Treasurer are elected annually; the Secretary of the Board of Education is appointed by the Board of Education; the State Librarian, by the Trustees of the State Library; all the other officers by the Joint Assembly of the two Houses. The Senate, established in 1836, consists of 30 members, apportioned among the several counties according to their population. The House of Representatives consists of 241 members, one from each town and city. The pay of the members of each House is $3.00 per day during the session of the Legislature. Every man 21 years of age, who is a nativeborn citizen of some one of the United States, or has been naturalized, and has resided in the State one whole year next before the time of election, and who will take the oath prescribed by the constitution, is entitled to the priv ileges of a freeman. JUDICIARY. The judicial powers of the State are vested in a Supreme Court, a Court of Chancery, a County Court in each county, Justices of the Peace in the several towns, and a Probate Court in each Probate District. The Judges of the Supreme Court are elected annually by the Legislature, and all other judicial officers by the people. From 1778 to 1786, inclusive, the Supreme Court consisted of five Judges; from 1786 to 1825, it consisted of three Judges; in 1825, 1826 and 1827, of four Judges; from 1827 to 1846, it consisted of five Judges; from 1846 to 1849, of six Judges; in 1850, a change in the judiciary system was effected by reducing the number of Supreme Court Judges to three, and by establishing a Circuit Court, consisting of four Judges. In 1857 the Circuit Court was abolished, and the number of Supreme Court Judges increased to six, which number constitutes the Court of the present day. The Supreme Court has no original jurisdiction, except for divorce; but is a court of errors for the trial of questions of law, and a court of appeal in chancery suits. Each Judge of the Supreme Court is a Chancellor, and *$6.00 per day during session. [1869. 462 holds his court at the same time as the County Court, which is held in each county by one of the Supreme Judges and two Assistant Judges. The County Courts have original jurisdiction in all civil actions for over $200, or in relation to real estate, except trespass, where the damages claimed exceed $20; also in actions for replevin for amounts over $20. All actions out of the original jurisdiction of the County and Chancery Courts, except for divorce, must be brought before a Justice of the Peace. UNITED STATES COUIRTS. Circuit Jutdge, Samuel Nelson. District Judge, David A Smalley. District Attorney, Dudley C. Denison. Marshal, H. H. Henry. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, B. B. Smalley. SUPREME COURT. Chief Judge, John Pierpont, Vergennes. Assistant Judges, James Barrett, Woodstock; Asahel Peck, Montpelier; William C. Wilson, St. Albans; Benjamin H. Steele, St. Johnsbury; John Prout, Rutland. Salary of each, $2,500. Reporter, Wheelock G. Veazey, Rutland. COUNTY COURTS, Assistant Judges (1868)-Addison County, Jonas M. Smith, Addison; James M. Slade, Middlebury. Bennington County, Edward M. Aylesworth, Arlington; Hiram Cole, Shaftsbury. Caledonia County, Francis R. Carpenter, Waterford; Peter Buchanan, Barnett. Chittendenz County, Safford Colby, Richmond; Russell J. Morse, Bolton. Essex County, Richard Small, Guildhall; Elias Lyman, Lemington. Franklin County, George Adams, Enosburg; Walter C. Stevens, Highgate. Grand Iske County, Ransom W. Darby, Alburg; Wyman C. Hoag, Grand Isle. Lamoille County, Russell S. Page, Hyde Park; Charles S. Parker, Elmore. Orange County, Nathaniel King, Tanbridge; William Childs, Fairlee. Orleans County, Benjamin Comings, Greenboro; E. O. Bennett, Charleston. Rutland County, Daniel Crofoot, Benson; John Crowley, Mt. Holley. Washington County, Fernando C. Putnam, Woodbury; Ira Richardson, Waitsfield. Jindham County, Peter W. Dean, Grafton; William H. Jones, Dover. Wincdsor County, John S. Marey, Windsor; Calvin French, Cavendish.* TERMS OF SUPREME COURT. Addison County, 1st Monday after 3d Tuesday in January. Bennington County, 2d Tuesday after 4th Tuesday in January. Caledonia County, 1st Thursday after 4th Tuesday in August. Chittenden County, 1st Tuesday in January. Essex County, 4th Tuesday in August. Franklin County, 1st Monday after 2d Tuesday in January. Grand Isle County, 1st Friday after 3d Tuesday in January. Lamnoille County, 3d Tuesday in August. Orange County, 6th Tuesday after 4th Tuesday in January. Orleans County, 1st Thursday after 3d Tuesday in August. Rutland County, 1st Monday after 4th Tuesday in January. Washinyton County, 2d Tuesday in August. Windham County, Monday following 2d Tuesday after 4th Tuesday of January. Windsor County, 1st Thursday after 4th Tuesday next after 4th Tuesday in January. TERMS OF COUNTY COURTS. Addison County, 1st Tuesday in June and 2d Tuesday in December. Bennington County, 1st Tuesday in June and December. Caledonia County, 1st Tuesday in June and December. Clittenden County, 1st Tuesday in April and 4th Tuesday in September. Essex County, 2d Tuesday in March, and 3d Tuesday in September. Franklin County, 2(1 Tuesday in April and September. Grand Isle County, Last Tuesday in February and August. Lamoille County, 4th Tuesday in May and 1st Tuesday in December. Orange County, 1st Tuesday in June and December. Orleans County, 4th Tuesday in June and December. Rutland County, 2d Tuesday in March and September. Washington County, 21 Tuesday in March and September. lntnd'haia County, 2d Tuesday in April and September. Windsor County, 4th Tuesday in May and 1st Tuesday in December. * We go to press before receiving the appointments for 1869. ISW.] YER3(IONT. 463 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. FINANCES. RECEIPTS FOR YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER, 1868. Balance in Treasury, September, 1867, - - - Balance to credit of Sinking Fund, September, 1867, - Received from Taxes, ----—.9 Received from Judges of Probate, - - - - -. Balance from County Clerks, - -—.. Received from United States on War Claims, - - - Received from other sources, - - - - -. - $44,813.48 - 82,000.00 - 515,028.95 10,448.91 : 24,735.87 - 57,637.71 - 19,697.52 - $754,362.44 DISBURSEMENTS FOR YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER, 1868. Court~~~~~~~~ O_es, —_ —-— _ —--— _ —-— _ — $348.4 Auitr' Odes --------- - --— _ —— _ — 18,_81 Court Orders, Auditor's Orders,..I.. State Bonds redeemed,.0 Balance Credit Sinking Fund,. — -—. Allowance to Collectors of Taxes,. -- -—. Miscellaneous, -. - - - - - -—. Balance in Treasury, September, 1868,. Total, -.... -$754,36 The classification of the expenditures for the current year shows, for Debentures of General Assembly.........................................$45,544.40 ]Expenses of the Courts (without including salaries)........................ 6,1,39.86 Interest on Bonds and Loans...............................................88,366.T3 Expenses of Printing......................................................14,395.88 For Salaries................................................................39,968.16 Asylum for the Insane......................................14,089.57 Reform School Expenses and Appropriations............................... 11,695.92 Expenses of Board of Education........................................... 4,545.94 Expenses of Superintendents of Schools.................................. 4,235.67 Militia and Q. M. General's Expenditures.................................. 6,454.79 Extra Pay and Organized Militia Pay Rolls................................. 2,861.17 Expenses of State Prison, over Income..................................... 5,256.71 Expenses in Sergeant-at-Arms' Department................................ 4,631.83 American Asylum for Deaf and Dumb...................................... 2,120,28 Expenses of State Library.................................... 1,419.27 Appropriation to Normal Schools.......................................... 1,500.00 Official Expenses and Miscellaneous............................... 15,983.68 Total.........................................................$339,209.86 STATE DEBT. The funded Debt of the State has been reduced during the year, $230,000. At the close of the fiscal year, after deducting balance to credit of Sinking Fund, it amounted to $1,168,000. The unadjusted balance due the State from the war claim is now $207,222.23. The aggregate indebtedness of all the towns and cities in the State, as shown from the returns made to the State Treagurer, is $1,939,198. Nearly one-half of the debt is found in the counties of Bennington and Windsor. 461 [1869. Total. 1.44 8.18 0.00 7.71 )4.33 '2.30 ;8.48 ;2.44 VERMONT. EDUCATION. An investigation which has been made with care, shows that during the last collegiate year, about one hundred and sixty or seventy young men of this State were members of a college or scientific school, either in Vermont or elsewhere. The State Agricultural College has been incorporated with the University of Vermont at Burlington, and has received the avails of the 150,000 acres of scrip donated by the general government. The institution has now three co-ordinate departments and faculties of instruction in successful operation. There are two other colleges and several academies in the State. The State Board of Education consists of six persons besides the Governor, who is ex.T-ocio a member of the Board. The Board appoints its Secretary, who has the general superintendence of the schools of the State. Each town elects a town superintendent, who is required to visit each common school in the town at least once in each year, to examine teachers, and give certificates to such as are found qualified. Towns are divided into school districts, each of which has a prudential committee of one or three voters, whose duty it is to appoint teachers, provide suitable school-rooms, and make arrangements generally for the schools of the district. Three Normal Schools have been established, one in each Congressional District, under the direction of the State Board of Education. Two courses of study are provided for these schools. Graduates from the first course are entitled to receive certificates, which are by law constituted licenses to teach in any part of the State, for the term of five years, and graduates from the second course are entitled to certificates, which are constituted Licenses to teach in any part of the State, for the term of fifteen years. Public Schools. Whole number of children in 1867 between 4 and 18 years of age, 88,362; number attending school, 71,939; average attendance, 46,245; number of different district schools, 2,954; number of teachers, 4,722; number of weeks of school taught by males, 9,252, by females, 49,798; number of teachers that have taught before, 3,240; taught before in same districts, 860; average wages of teachers per month, exclusive of board-males, $25.68, females, $12.40; number of school-houses-in good condition, 1,654, unfit for that purpose, 901; with yards enclosed, 322; amount paid-wages of teachers, $213,958; board of teachers, $135,443; fuel, furniture and incidentals, $49,144; erecting school-houses, $61,042; repairing, $21,206; amounting in all to $480,793. Number of Select Schools, 348; number of pupils attending, 9,264; number of Academies, 58. Normal School, Randolph, EDWARD CONANT, A. M. Principal. Number of pupils, 1868 ladies, 146, gentlemen, 106, total, 252; average attendance per term, 77. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The Vermont Asylum for the Insane at Brattleboro, was established in 1834. It has a large farm and extensive buildings and workshops. Most of the buildings were burned in 1862. There is a Commissioner of the Insane, annually elected by the Legislature, whose duty it is to make a thorough examination into the internal affairs of the Asylum and report thereon. The Reform School was established in 1865. It is under a Board of Trustees, elected annually by the Legislature, who report the school prosperous. It has a farm of 133 acres. The buildings have been extended by the erection 30 1869.] 465 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. of dormitories and workshops, and improvements have been made on the grounds during the last year. The State Prison, established in 1807, is under the government of a,Board of three Directors and a Superintendent elected annually by the Legislature. It has been self-sustaining until within a few years, but the balance of expenses over the income for the last year was $6,413, about the average for three or four years. The labor of the convicts is let by contract. The present contract is for five years, at 42 cents per day. Changes in discipline have been adopted which are beneficial; the commutation of sentence has proved more effective than the expectation of pardon. Vermont Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro, W. H. RocKWELL, M.D. Superintendent and Phtysician. Number remaining Aug. 1,1867-males, 265, females, 246; total, 511; number admitted during the year-males, 74, females, 61; total, 135; making in all, 646; number discharged-males, 75, females, 56; total, 181, of whom there were-recovered, 46; improved, 22; not improved, 21; died, 42; number remaining August 1,1868, 515. Whole number of beneficiaries in Asylum during the year, 166, number remaining August 1, 1867, 128; number discharged -recovered, 10, not recovered, 14; number died, 14; number remaining August 1, 1868,128. Income for year ending September, 1868, $79,554.28; expenditures $78,943.72; balance, $610.56. Vermont Reform School, Waterbury, AARON G. PEAS,E. Superintendent. Number in school Sept. 17,1867,37; number received during the year, 50; number discharged-reformed before expiration of sentence, 3; at expiration of sentence. 15; sent out to places on trial, 12; total, 30. Number remaining Sept. 4,1868,57. Term of commitment-during minority, 6; 8years, 1; 5 years, 8; 4 years, 4; 3 years, 1t; under 3 and over 2 years, 1; 2 years, 16; 1 year, 27~; less than 1 year, 16; total, 98. Cause of commitment-larceny, 77; breach of the peace, 10; vagrancy, 4; arson, 2; burglary, 3; assault, 1; intoxication, 1. Age, 8 years and under, 3; 10 years, 8; 11 years, 14; 12 years, 16; 13 years, 19; 14 years, 16; 15 years, 18; 16 years and upwards, 4. Parent age-number from the commencement-American, 51; Irish, 16; French, 25; Scotch, 2; colored, 4; total, 98. State Prison, Windsor, JAxEs A. POLLARD, Superintendent. Number of convicts, Sept. 1, 1867, 90; number admitted during the year, 29; number discharged-by expiration of sentence, 36; pardon; 3; insanity, 1; died, 3; total, 46; number remaining Sept. 1, 1868, 76. Of these there were fromn 15 to 21 years, 26; from 21 to 30 years, 32; from 30 to 40 years, 12; over 40 years, 6. Terms of sentences-2 years and under, 19; from 2 to 5 years, 25; from 5 to 8 years, 14; 8 years, 6; 10 years, 5; life, 6; death, 1. Crime committed-against person, 19; against property, 57. Total income, $6,806.06; expenditures, $12,219.48; balance of expenses over income, $6,413.41. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population as given by the United States census was as follows: In.. per cent. inc. per cent. 1790............... 85,416................ 18................ 280,652............. 19.04 1800...............154,465.............. 80.84 1840.................291,948.............. 4.02 1810...............217,713................4s0.25 1850................314,120............... 7.59 1820...............2P35,749................ 8.29 1860................315,098............... 0.31 The increase per cent. for the last two decades before 1860 was less than in any other State, there being few immigrants from foreign countries. Vermont is an agricultural State, having thirteen-twentieths of its four millions of acres under improvement. Grass, oats, potatoes, and wheat arethe most reliable sources of profit to the farmer. In one or two towns in Orleans county, hops are extensively grown. Dairies are sources of much income. In some of the counties, lands with a rough and rocky surface are well timbered with hemlock and spruce. The increase of railroad facilities and the establishing of lumber companies have doubled the value of timber lands in many places. 466 Soapstone, serpentine, chrome and iron are found in Orleans county. In Orange, are copper mines, which have been worked to some extent. A slate quarry has recently been opened in West Randolph. In Northfield, Washington county, granite and slate are largely manufactured for building purposes. Marble quarries are worked to advantage in Grand Isle and Rutland. Products in 1866. Corn, 1,490,975 bushels, value, $2,102,275; wheat, 614,692 bushels, value, $1,641,228; rye, 154,783 bushels, value, $233,722; oats, 4,846,015 bushels, value, $3,052,989; barley, 104,390 bushels, value, $128,400; buckwheat, 225,252 bushels, value, $225,252; potatoes, 5,305,045 bushels, value, $2,281,169; hay, 862,878 tons, value, $13,469,525. Banks. The number of National Banks, September 30, 1868, was 40, with a paid in capital of $6,560,012.50. 35. VIRGINIA. Capital, Richmond. Area, 38,352 square miles. Populatio, (1860*), 1,596,318. Virginia was settled at Jamestown in 1607 by the English. It was one of the original thirteen States, framed a State constitution July 5, 1776, and ratified the United States Constitution June 25, 1788. An ordinance of secession was passed April 17, 1861, and delegates were appointed to the congress of the southern confederacy. A convention assembled at Wheeling in May, 1861, and organized a loyal government, and the new State of West Virginia was formed. (See West Virginia.) Governor Pierpont, who had been elected in 1862, instituted a loyal State government at Alexandria in 1863. A Legislature and other officers were also elected. The Legislature called a Convention, which met February 13, 1864, and abolished slavery. Jurisdiction was exercised by this government in only a few counties. A provisional governor was appointed by the President after the close of the war, or May 9, 1865. By the act of Congress assuming the government of the ten southern States, Virginia constituted the 1st Military District, to which General J. M. Schofield was assigned. He provided for an election which was held October 22, 1868, and resulted in a majority for a convention, which met in Richmond, December 3, and adjourned on the 20th to January 2, 1868. This convention adopted a constitution April 7, but it was not submitted to the people, and the State has not yet (Jan. 1, 1869) been admitted to representation in Congress. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCg. SALARY. Governor...........................HENRY H. WELLS............Richmond..............$5,000 Lieautenant GOvernor................LEOPOLD C. P. CowPER......Portsmouth..............t Attony General...................THOMAS R. BOWDEN..........Richmond...............1,500 Secretary of State...................JOHN M. HERNDON...........Richmond..............t1,800 Treasurer ad interim................ RYE.......................Richmond...............2,000 Auditor............................WILLIAM TAYLOR............Richmond...............3,000 Second Auditor.....................ASA ROGERS.................. Richmond............. 2,000 Register of Land Offlce.............HAWES R. SUTTON............ Richmond...............1,000 Superintendent of Penitentiary......J. T. PENDLETON............ Richmond...............2,000 Adjutant General........... W. H. RICHARDSON........... Richmond...............2,000 * Including West Virginia. t $8 per day during session of Senate.: And fees. 1869.] VIRGINIA. 467 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Henry H. Wells was appointed Provisional Governor April 4. By the former constitution, the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Attorney General were elected by the people for four years. The Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, Second Auditor, Register of the Land Office, and Superintendent of the Penitentiary were elected by joint vote of the General Assembly for two years. All are obliged to reside at Richmond during their term of service. The following oath is required of persons applying to register, after which if they are twenty-one years of age, and have resided in the State twelve months and in the county three months, they will be entitled to vote: I,, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I am not disqualified from exercising the right of suffrage by the Constitution framed by the Convention which assembled in the city of Richmond on the 3d day of December, 1867. and that I will support and defend the same to the best of my ability. JUDICIARY. The Court of Appeals consists of three Judges, and has jurisdiction, except in certain specified cases, when the matter in controversy is not less than $500 in value. The District Court has no original jurisdiction except in cases of habeas Corus, mandamus, and prohibition. Its appellate jurisdiction only extends to cases where the amount in controversy is $100 or more, exclusive of costs, except in certain specified cases. The Circuit Courts have chancery and criminal jurisdiction, and civil jurisdiction in all cases where the amount involved is fifty dollars and upward, exclusive of costs. They have also concurrent jurisdiction with the County Courts, and causes are taken from the latter by appeal. The State is divided into sixteen circuits. Two Circuit Courts are held annually in each county by each Judge. The Governor (with the consent of the Legislature) appoints the Judges of the Court of Appeals and Circuit Courts. 7 JUNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Salmon P. Chase. District Judge, John C. Underwood. Distict Attorey, Lucius H. Chandler. Marshal, John Underwood. Ca k of District Court, W. H. Barry. COURT OF APPEALS. Justices. Richard C. L. Moncure, President, Falnfouth; William T. Joynes, Petersburg Alexander Rivers, Charlottesville. Salary $3,000 each. CIRCUIT COURTS. 1st Circuit, Richard H. Baker, Norfolk; 2d Circuit, Edward R. Chambers, Mecklenburg; 3d ircuit, H. H. Marshall, Charlotte C. H.; 4Ath Circuit, George A. Wingfield, Liberty; 5th Circuit, Edward P. Pitts, Accomac C. H.; 6th Circuit, Joseph Christian, Middlesex C. H.; 7th circuit, John A. Meredith, Richmond; 8th Circuit, John Critcher, Westmoreland C. H.; 9th Circuit, Henry W. Thomas, Fairfax C. H.; loth Circuit, Egbert R. Watson, Charlottesville; lith Circuit, Hugh W. Sheffey, Staunton; 12th Circuit, John T. Harris, Harrisonburg; 13th Circuit, Richard Parker, Winchester; 14th Circuit, Robert M. Hudson, Fincastle; 15th Circuit, James Tipton, Carroll C. H.; 16th Circuit, John A. Campbell, Abingdon. Salary of Judge in 5th Trict $1,500, of all others $2,000. 468 [l869. VIRGINIA. FINANCES. The State Treasurer represents the debt of the State on November 1,1868, as follows: OLD REGISTERED DEBT. Registered debt October 1, 1868, as per report.....................................$22,004,298.88 Increased since Converted into bonds of the State, act March 23, 1860, to date.... 83,980.00 Advertised to be redeemed and not called for, but placed to credit of the parties. 15,879.00 Issued to J. Neeson, attorney, &c................................................00.00 Total........................................................................ $22,104,657.88 Deductio since Oct. 1, 1866: Purchased from sale of the Dismal Swamp Canal Company's stock............................................................... $24,839.98 Transferred to Commonwealth by W. and P. R. R. Co., (5 per cent.) and canceled. 45,000.00 Surrender by the N. and P. R. R. in part payment of loan of $300,000............. 60,500.00 Surrender by the R. and D. R. R. Co., under Gen. Stoneman's order, in part pay ment of interest due by said Company.......................................... 16,969.00 Total......................................................................... $147,308.98 Balance................................................................ $21,957,348.90 The sinking fund was.................................................$1,729,315.46 Literary fund was...................................................... 248,000.00-1,977,315.46 Outstanding................................................ $19,980,033.44 OLD COUPON DEBT. Five per cent. sterling, payable in London, ~373,000, estimated at $5 per ~........ $1,865,000.00 Six per cent. bonds, payable in New York............................$11,108,000.00 Lost at sea, steamer Arctic............................................ 145,000.00-10,963,000.00 Total coupon debt...........................................................$12,828,000.00 Total old registered and coupon debt.......................................$32,808,033.44.._ INTEREST' FUNDED NOVEMIBER 1, 1868. Dated January 1, 1866: Coupons......................................$1,301,500.00 Registered............................................................1,686,305.77-2,987,805.77 Dated January 1, 1867: Coupons.......................................2,144,500.00 Sterling................................................................ 466,240.002,610,750.00 Registered....................................................................... 1,194,495.41 Total........................................................................ $6,993,051.18 NOVEMBER 1, 1868. Amount of coupons to be funded........................................$263,320.00 Registered debt to be funded.............................................615,228.91-878,548.91 James River and Kanawha Company guarantees yet to be converted................230,880.00 Total........................................................................ $1,109,428.91 BONDS GUARANTEED BY THE STATE, NOV. 1, 1868. James River and Kanawha Canal Company..............................$...............$230,880 Chesapeake and Ohio Canal.............................................................500,000 City of Petersburgh....................................................................823,500 Virginia Central Railroad............................................................... 100,000 Richmond and Danville Railroad.........................................................200,000 City of Wheeling........................................................................366,000 Alexandria Canal........................................................................ 15,000 Total............................................................................ $1,7385,880 EDUCATION. In 1860, by the census report, there were in the State 23 colleges, with 2,824 students and $246,940 income. These institutions were mostly closed during the war, a part of the buildings were burned and others were used for hospital purposes or for barracks. 469 1869.1 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The "College of William and Mary" was chartered by the crown in 1693, and contributions for buildings and the endowment were made by William and Mary. Tthe buildings have been several times burned and rebuilt. It was occupied in 1861, first as a barrack, and next as a hospital. The princi pal building was destroyed in 1862, with the furniture and apparatus; and later in the war all the remaining buildings were burned or greatly injured. The college was re-opened in the autumn of 1865. Washington College had its origin in a Classical School established before the Revolutionary War, by the early settlers of the Valley of Virginia. In honor of the benefaction of General Washington, the name was, in 1798, changed to Washington Academy, and afterwards to Washington College. Since the late war, the College has been re-opened under favorable auspices, and with wider aims and largely extended facilities. The course of study is elective, each student being allowed to pursue such studies as his parent or guardian may select, if found prepared. The University of Virginia was in a flourishing condition, and had over 600 students in 1860. This number was diminished to less than 50 in 1863, but since the close of the war, has again increased to nearly 500. Provision has been made by the Legislature for the admission of one student from each Senatorial District of the State, without payment of matriculation and tuition fees and rents. By way of remuneration to the State for the aid afforded these students, they are required, on admission, to sign an engagement to teach in some public or private school in Virginia, for two years after leaving the University; the emoluments of such service enuring, of course, to their own benefit. No general free school system has been established. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. No census has been taken of the State since its division, but the population as given by the United States Census, including West Virginia, was as follows: White. Free ColoredL lae.. Total. Inc. peroent 1790.............442,115............ 12,766............293,427.......... 748,308............. 1800.............514,28.............20,124..3..........5,796.......... 880,200.............. 17.63 1810.............551,534.............30,570............392,518.......... 974,622.............10.73 1820.............603,087.............36,889.......425,153......... 1,065,129........9.31 1830.............694,300.............47,348............469,757..........1,211,405.............13.71 1840........... 7 40,85 8............ 49,852............449,087..........1,239,797............. 2.34 1850.............894,800.............54,3........... 472,528..........1,421,661.............14.60 1860............1,047,411............58,042............490,865..........1,596,318.............12.29 The white population of Virginia is mainly of British origin. There were in 1860, 10,500 persons natives of Germany, and a few from France and other foreign countries. This State has a great variety in surface and climate. The system of farming practiced before the war tended to an exhaustion of the soil, and there are large tracts of worn out lands, but in many of the valleys the soil is still very fertile. Land is valued about 25 per cent. less than before the war. Much of it is excellent for grazing. The principal cultivated products are 470 [1869. corn, wheat, oats, and tobacco. Fruit is raised in Eastern Virginia and sent to northern markets. A large portion of the State is still covered with wood and timber, which are valuable for ship building, and manufacturing purposes. The useful minerals as iron, lead, coal and salt are abundant, and gold has been worked in Stafford and some other counties with profit. The State possesses, in her minerals and abundant water power, great natural advantages for manufacturing; but this branch of industry has not received as much attention as agriculture. Products in 1866. Corn, 24,369,908 bushels; value, $17,790,033; wheat, 4,331,364 bushels; value, $12,344,387; rye, 698,453 bushels; value, $740,360; oats, 10,245,156 bushels; value, $4,610,320; buckwheat, 162,686 bushels; value, $138,278; potatoes, 1,592,166 bushels; value, $1,. 050,830; tobacco, 114,480,516 pounds; value, $15,683,830; hay, 203,698 tons; value, $2,908,807. Banks. Number of National Banks, Sept. 30, 1868 —organized, 20; closed or closing, 2; in operation, 18, with a capital paid in of $2,500,000. 36. WEST VIRGINIA. Capital, Wheeling. Area, 23,000 square miles. Population, (1860), 376,68. This state formed part of Virginia until the latter seceded from the Union. Delegates from forty counties assembled at Wheeling, June 11, 1861, protested against the act of secession, and organized a provisional government. A convention met at the same place on the 26th of November, 1861, and framed a constitution for a new state, which was ratified by vote of the people, May 3, 1862. An act passed by Congress, admitting the state on condition of the adoption of certain amendments to the constitution, was approved by the President on the 31st of December, 1862. The changes having been made, and ratified by a large majority of the people, the President issued a proclamation April 20,1863, declaring that the act should take effect and be in force after June 20, at which time the new state government was inaugurated. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. SALARY. Governor.......................WILLIAM E. STEVENSOlN......................$2,000 Secretary of State..............JAES M. PIPES................................1,300 Auditor........................THOmaS BOOGESS..............................1,500 Treasurer......................JAMES A. MACALLEY...........................1,400 Attorney General............... THAYER MCILVI..............................1,000 Adjutant General...............J. H. DUVAL....................................1,500 Supt. of Public Instruction......W. H. WHITE..................................1,500 The Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, and Attorney General are chosen by the electors of the state, on the 4th Thursday of October, biennially, and hold office for two years. The legislative power of the state is vested in a Senate and House of Delegates, the fonrmer consisting of 22 Senators, elected for two years, and the latter of 57 Delegates, elected for one year. The Legislature is required to meet once a year, the regular sessions to begin on the third Tuesday of January. Sessions are limited to forty-five days, unless otherwise ordered by 471 1869.] WEST VIRGINIA. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. two-thirds of both houses. The pay of Senators and Delegates is $3 per day, and ten cents per mile of travel going and returning. Every white male citizen, 21 years of age, who has resided in the state one year, and in the county thirty days, is entitled to vote. Paupers, lunatics, and felons are excluded. JUDICIARY. The Judicial power of the state is vested in a Supreme Court of Appeals, Circuit Courts, and certain inferior courts. The Supreme Court consists of three judges, elected by the people to hold office 12 years, one to go out every fourth year. This court has original jurisdiction in cases of habea corpus, mandamus, and prohibition?; and appellate jurisdiction in civil cases where the matter in controversy, exclusive of costs, is of greater value or amount than $200; in controversies concerning the title or boundaries of land, the probate of wills, in certain other specified cases; also in criminal cases, where there has been a conviction for felony or misdemeanor in a Circuit Court; and such other appellate jurisdiction as may be prescribed by law. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Salmon P. Chase. oistrct Judge, John J. Jackson. District Attorney, Benj. H. Smith. Mart, E. M. Norton. Clerk of District Court, J. Y. Moore. SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS. Judges, Edwin J. Maxwell, Clarksburg; James H. Brown, Charleston; R. L. Berkshire, Morgantown. Clerk, Sylvanus W. Hall, Fairmont. Replorter, John M. Hagans, Morgantown. Salaries of the Judges, $2,000 each. The constitution of West Virginia provides for eleven circuits, which are constituted as follows: First Circuit, Hancock, Brooke, Ohio, and Marshall counties. Seorid Circuit, Monongalia, Preston, Tucker, and Taylor counties. Third Circuit, Marion, Harrison, and Barbour counties. Fourth Circuit, Wetzel, Tyler, Pleasants, Ritchie, Doddridge, and Gilmer counties. Fifth Circuit, Randolph, Upshur, Lewis, Braxton, Webster, and Nicholas counties. Sixt] Circuit, Wood, Wirt, Calhoun, Roane, Jackson, and Clay counties. Seventh Circuit, Kanawha, Putnam, Mason, and Fayette counties. Eighth Circuit, Cabell, Wayne, Boone, Logan, Wyoming, and Raleigh counties. Ninth Circuit, Pocahontas, Greenbrier, Monroe, Mercer, and McDowell counties. Tenth Circuit, Pendleton, Hampshire, Hardy, Grant, and Mineral counties. Eleventh Circuit, Berkely, Jefferson, and Morgan counties. TERMS OF SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS. The sessions of the Supreme Court of Appeals are held at the city of Wheeling, and begin on the 2d Thursday in July each year. Balance in the Treasury, October 1, 1866, $34,793.49 Receipts for the year, - - -.-. 588,784.15 Total,.- - - -. $623,577.64 Disbursements, -... -.. - 618,681.75 Balance in the Treasury, Sept. 30, 1867, - - - $4,895.89 472 L1069. CHIEF SOURCES OF REVENUE. Balance, October 1, 1866............$34,793.49 Fines imposed.......................$8,824.26 State tax............................325,678.15 Jury costs and militia fines........2,000.55 School tax..........................153,139.50 On account of school fund...........23,136.44 License tax......................... 54,551.84 Sales of Delinquent Lands.......... 12,026.14 $623,577.64 EXPENDITURES. On account of school funds........$155,182.22 Books for state library...............$2,000.00 Salaries............................. 44,295.81 Soldiers' uLedals...................... 25,418.51 Expenses of Legislature............ 23,321.27 For Penitentiary at Moundsville.....79,092.14 Contingent expenses............... 13, 949.86 Miscellaneous........................59,017.09 Expenses of lunatics in jails........ 6,776.30 Criminal charges.................... 42,485.71 Total expenditures.......... $618,681.75 Hospital for insane................ 108,000.00 Balance in Treasury, Oct. 1,1867.... 4,895.89 Support of lunatics in Va. Asylums. 24,912.00 Registration of voters.............. 16,431.54 $623,577.64 Com. for revaluation of lands.......17,799.30 EDUCATION. The State Superintendent of Free Schools is elected biennially by the Legislature, and has the general supervision of all the free schools in the state. He prescribes the forms and blanks necessary for the uniform operation of the school system; decides questions and controversies arising out of the interpretation and construction of the school laws; convenes the county superintendents within each judicial circuit once in each year; recommends systems and methods of instruction, and at each session of the Legislature reports the condition of free schools within the state. There is in each county, a county superintendent, elected for two years, who is required by law to examine teachers, and visit schools within his county at least once every six months. He is to make suggestions to teachers and boards of education, and report annually to the State Superintendent. From and after February, 1871, no person is eligible to the office of County Superintendent who has not received a State Teachers' certificate. Three school commissioners are elected in each township, and hold office for three years, who with the clerk of the township, constitute a Board of Education, which has the management and disposal of all public school property, and the general supervision of the schools of the township. The local administration of public schools in'each district is placed in the hands of three trustees, elected annually. The Bible is read in every school at the opening exercises, and it is made the teacher's duty to inculcate the duties of piety, morality, and respect for the laws and government of their country. There is a State School Fund, consisting of stock in various banks in the state and of United States Registered Pacific Railroad Bonds, the income of which is annually distributed, with the school and capitation tax, and other school money, to the various counties. Provision for the education of teachers is made in three State Normal Schools; one at Guyandotte, Cabell County; one at West Liberty, Ohio County; and one at Fairmont, Marion County. Appropriations have been made which will secure convenient and well arranged buildings at each place. 1869.] WEST VIRGINIA. 473 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. At Guyandotte, the property known as Marshall College, has been transferred to the state, and alterations and repairs have been made which adapt the buildings to the wants of a Normal School. At West Liberty, the West Liberty Academy has been purchased, and fitted up for the school, and at Fairmont, a spacious and convenient building has been erected. The Normal School at this place opened May 6, 1867, with 90 students in attendance. The State Agricultural College, located at Morgantown, Monongalia County, was formally opened on June 27, 1867. The proceeds of the scrip donated by Congress, for the benefit of the college, were $90,000. The grounds of the college comprise about 25 acres, a portion of which is used as a garden and farm. The college has large and substantial buildings, and a full corps of instructors. Public School Statistics for 1867. Number of school districts, 1517; number of school houses-frame, 342; brick, 26; stone, 2; log, 332; total, 751. Number of school houses built in 1867,363; number supplied with good furniture, 199; with apparatus, 136; average value of school houses, $433; total value of school property, $396,107.09; whole number of schools, 1,140; number of persons between 6 and 21-white, 112,306; colored, 2,518; total, 115,340; number attending school-males, 18,728; females, 16,199; total, 35,304; daily average attendance males, 10,692; females, 9,467; total, 20,283; average monthly salary of teachers, $36; highest salary for male teachers, $103.33; lowest, $22.56; highest salary for female teachers, $41; lowest, $12.50; months taught by males, 22.28; by females, 12.21; total, 37.96; average cost of tuition per month, $1.57. Amount of school fimd, $172,023.15; amount of levies in counties reported, $164,639.53; total amount of receipts, $200,093.99; total amount of expenditures, $167,130.17. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The Hospital for the Insane at Weston was founded in 1857, by the state of Virginia, and the erection of the buildings commenced before the division of the state. The plan consisted of a center building, flanked by sections and wings, forming a continuous structure, having a front 1,196 feet in length, with three halls running back from the wings 120 feet. A large amount of work had been done on the building before West Virginia was organized. After the appointment of the new Board of Trustees, in 1864, the work was resumed, and one wing of the building so far completed that it was opened in October, 1864, and a number of patients admitted. The portion now erected will accommodate 100 patients, and when the building is complete, room will be furnished for 250. In November, 1867, 40 patients, before maintained by this State, at Taunton, Virginia, were removed to the new hospital. The Deaf, Dumb and Blind are supported at the expense of the state, at Staunton, Virginia. The Legislature, in 1866, appointed a Board of Directors to construct a penitentiary, and made an appropriation of $50,000 towards the work. A further appropriation of $50,000 was made in 1867. At the close of the year 1867, the Directors had expended for stone and work on the prison proper, $78,431.68. Hospital for the Insane, Weston. R. HILLS, M.D., Superintendent. Number in the hospital, October 1, 1866males, 22; females, 21; total, 43; admitted during the year-males, 10; females, 9; total, 19; total under treatment, 92. Discharged during the year-recovered, 12; improved, 4; died, 1; total, 17. Remaining, October 1, 1867-males, 21; females, 24; total, [1869. 474 45. Whole number admitted from opening of institution, October 1, 1867-males, 44; females, 46; total, 90. Whole number discharged-recovered, 26; improved, 8; unimproved, 3; died, 8; total, 45. Estimated current expenses for 1868, $39,150; for transportation of patients, $6,000. West Virginia Penitentiary, Moundsville. G. S. MCFADDEN, Superi2tendent. Number of convicts, August, 1866, 16. Number received during the year, 109. Number discharged, 21; pardoned, 6; escaped, 32; recaptured, 18; died, 1; number remaining, November 30, 1867, 83. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. No census has been taken in this state since its organization, but according to the census of 1860, the counties now included in West Virginia had a population of 376,688, of whom 358,317 were free, and 18,371 were slaves. Of the former, 181,645 were white males, 173,899 white females, and 2,773 free colored persons. In 1867, the number of male inhabitants over 21 years of age, as ascertained for the purposes of taxation, was 77,219, of whom 74,934 were white, and 2,285 colored. The Commissioner of Immigration has established agencies in New York, Baltimore, and Germany to give information to persons from Europe seeking homes in America. The soil is generally well suited to wheat and corn; the irregularity of surface is the principal drawback to tillage. In the interior counties the principal market products are wool, sheep, and cattle. Some of the best timber of the country is to be found here, of all the different kinds of oaks, black walnut, hickory, poplar, and cherry. Nearly all kinds of fruits do well, particularly apples, pears, and grapes. The state is rich in minerals, there being an abundance of iron, coal, salt, and limestone. Coal in veins suitable for working is found in greatest abundance along the banks of the upper Ohio, in the hills along the course of the Monongahela and its branches, in the central counties of the State, in the Piedmont region east of the summit, in the Kanawha valley, and in all the counties south of that river. The coal lands of Guyandotte, cover ninetenths of the Guyandotte valley, in horizontal strata in the hills, from 3 to 11 feet thick, aggregating in some hills 25 or 30 feet. Petroleum abounds in several counties in the western partof the state. In 1860, there were in the counties now constituting the state, 2,346,137 acres of improved, and 8,550,257 acres of unimproved land. A considerable portion has been brought under culture since that time, but the mountainous character of a part of the state will prevent its being used for agricultural purposes, though flocks and herds find abundant pasture on its hill slopes. The following statistics very fairly represent the agricultural and other wealth of the state at the close of 1867: Taxable Property of the State. Number of acres, 19,350,573; value, with buildings, $76,182,784. Value of building lots and buildings, $10,711,938. Aggregate value of land and buildings, $86,894,702. Number of horses, mutles and asses, 88,982; average value, $67; total value, $5,942,448. Number of cattle in the state, 241,058; average value, $21; total value, $5,084,597. Number of sheep, 564,987; average value, $2.07; total value, $1,166,396. Number of hogs, 108,216; average value, $8.37; total value, $364,539. Value of household and kitchen farniture, $3,898,020; money, bonds, and securities, $7,491,907; money, bonds and contracts, under control of courts, $268,588. Average value of personal property listed by merchants, $3,964,963; by manufacturers, $1,037,150; by railroad companies, $6,568,103. Capital of other joint stock companies, $153,197. Total value of personal property, $39,166,041. 1869.] WEST VIRGINIA. 475 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 37. WISCONSIN. Capttal, Madison. Area, 53,924 square miles. Populatio (1860), 775,881. Wisconsin was settled at Green Bay in 1669, by the French; it was a part of the territory ceded by Virginia to the United States. was set off from Michigan, December 23, 1834, organized as a territory, April 30, 1836, and admitted into the Union as a State, May 29, 1848. GOVERNMENT. orrFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. GoVern................... I....... LucIus F AIRCHILD.......... Madison............. $1,250 Lieutenant Governor................WYAN SOOR............ Elk Horn................* Secretary of State...................THOMAs S. ALLEN............Mineral Point........... 1,200 State Treasurer..............WILLIAM E. SMITH........... Fox Lake............... 1,400 Attorney General...................CHARLES R. GmL............Watertown.......... 2,000 Superintendent of Public Instruction. A. J. CRAIG..................Madison................ 1,200 Bank Comptroller..................J. M. RusK...................Viroqua................. 2,000 State Pon Commissioner..........HENRY CORDIER............ Waupun................. 1,200 Adjutant General................... ED. E. BRYANT.............. Monroe................. All of the above officers, except the Adjutant General, are chosen by the people to serve for a term of ears. The general election is held on the first Tuesday in November. The Senate consists of 33 members elected for two years, and the House of Representatives of 100 members elected for one year. The members of both Houses are allowed $350 per annum each for services, and ten cents a mile for travel. The Legislature meets annually on the first Wednesday in January. The following persons are entitled to vote: 1. Citizens of the United States. 2. Persons of foreign birth who have declared their intentions to become citizens. 3. Persons of Indian blood who have been declared citizens by act of Congress. 4. Civilized persons of Indian descent not members of any tribe. JUDICIARY. The judicial power of the State, as to matters both of law and equity, is vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County Courts with probate powers and jurisdiction, and in Justices of the peace. The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction, both as to matters of law and equity, which extends to all matters of appeal, errors, or complaint from the decisions or judgments of the Circuit and County Courts. It has power to issue writs of mandamus, quo warranto, prohibition, error, supersedeas, procedendo certiorari, scirefacias, and all other writs and processes necessary to enforce the due administration of justice. It consists of one Chief Justice and two Associate Justices who are elected by the people, and whose term of office is six years. The Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction in all matters civil andcriminal, within the State, (except in a few specified cases), and appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts. They have also power to issue writs of feas corpus, quo warran'to, and the like. The State is divided into eleven judicial circuits. The Judges are elected by the voters of each circuit respectively, and hold their office for six years. * $5.00 per day when acting. 476 [1869. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, David Davis. District Judge, Andrew G. Miller. District Attorney, J. B. D. Coggswell. Marshal, Cassius Fairchild. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, J. M. Miller. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, Luther S. Dixon, Portage City. Associate Justices, Orsamus Cole, Madison; Byron Paine, Milwaukee. Clerk, La Fayette Kellogg, Madison. Reporter, O. M. Conover, Madison. Salary of Justices, $4,000 each. CIRCUIT COURTS. 1st Circuit, William P. Lyon, Racine; 2d Circuit, Arthur McArthur, Milwaukee; Sd Circuit, David J. Pulling, Fox Lake; 4th Circuit, David Taylor, Sheboygan; 5th Circuit, Joseph T. Mills, Lancaster; 6th Circuit, Edwin Flint, La Crosse; 7th Circuit, George W. Cate, Steven's Point; 8th Circuit, H. L. Humphrey, Hudson; 9th Circuit, Alva Stewart, Portage City; o10th Circuit, G. W. Washburn, Oshkosh; 11th Circuit, Solon IH. Clough, Osceola Mills. Salary of Judges, $2,500 each. TERMS OF SUPREME COURT. The Supreme Court holds two regular terms in each year at Madison, commencing on the first Tuesday in February and on the second Tuesday in September, in each and every year. FINANCES. Balance in the General Fund at commencement of fiscal year, Receipts into the General Fund from all sources, - - $835,127.95 Disbursements, - - - - - - - - - 826,534.72 Leaving an available balance, Sept. 30, 1867, of - - $8,593.23 The different items of receipts and disbursements of the general fund during the fiscal year ending September 30, 1867, were as follows: RECEIPTS. DIsBURSENENTS. Balance, Sept.30, 186.............. $165,710.84 Salaries and permanent appropr'n S..$69,300.12 State tax and tax on suits...........352,136.88 Legislative expenses of 1867........ 86,201.86 From Banks........................ 5,906.92 State prison and charitable instit'ns.159,648.00 Insurance companies................ 52,184.05 Permanent improvements for do.... 142,650.98 Railroad companies.................239,480.71 Donations to private hospitals...... 8,500.00 Telegraphs, plank roads, &c........ 3,686.12 State capitol, improvement......... 52,103.55 Transferred from other funds.......8,910.59 Interest on State indebtednes...... 159,324.98 Misceaneos sources............7,111.4 State indebtedness paid.......... 3,134.00 Balnc, ept 3, 8fS...............$1,0.4....Salaries and permanent appropr'ns................$69,300.12 Stae axan ta~ o suts...............35,16.8....Legislative expenses of 186;7.................. 86,201.86 From Banks....... I,906.92 State prison and charitable instit'ns.159,648.00 Insracecomanes................ 2,8405....Permanent improvements for do.................142,650.98 Rairoa cmpaie................ 394SOTI.....Donations to private hospitals.................. 8,500.'00 Teegaps,plnkrods&;.....................,;6.2....State capitol, improvement................... 52,103.55 Trasfrrd romoterfuds,...............8,910.59....Interest on State indebtedness.................15g,~324.98 Micelaneossuces Sp. 0186.............. 16,7101.84 Salaries andperteanent apaid..........63,13.00. Miscellaneous.......................145671.23 Total receipts and balance........... $835,1276.5 Total expendit'e & bal. Sept. 30,'67. $835,127.95 The estimated expenditures from October 1, 1867, to January 1,1869, were $857,138, and the estimated revenue for the same period, $973,056. STATE DEBT. Amount due to the School Fund, - Normal School Fund, - - University fund, - - - State bonds in the hands of individuals, Currency receipts outstanding, - Total indebtedness of the State, January, 1868, 1869.] WISCONSIN. 477 $165,710.84 669,417.11 $1,394,900 -. 381,500 101,000 - 1 401,600 57 $2,279,057 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. EDUCATION. This State has made liberal provisions for elementary and higher education. The State University gives evidence of renewed life and vigor, and is receiving the confidence of the people. The total productive fund belonging to the University is $215,298.83. The receipts of the income fund for the last fiscal year amounted to $18,338.24. This institution embraces the following departments: A College of Letters, a College of Arts, a Preparatory Department, and a Female Department. In the College of Letters, the course of instruction in Languages, Literature and Science is intended to be equal to that of the best colleges in the country. The college of Arts, which is the agricultural and scientific College of the State, is so organized that it can be expanded indefinitely, until each course of study becomes so promiinent as to take its place as a distinct school or college. The Preparatory Department is designed mainly for the preparation of young men for the College classes. The Department for young ladies under the re-organization, really constitutes a distinct college, in which they are admitted to all the advantages of University education. An experimental farm, comprising 195 acres has been secured, which, with the land before belonging to the institution, forms a tract of 235 acres. The public schools are under the supervision of a State Superintendent of Public Instruction, elected by the people. Local supervision is under the charge of county and city superintendents. In 1865, the Legislature passed an act to dispose of the swamp and overflowed lands, and appropriated the proceeds to the Normal School Fund. In 1867, this fund amounted to over $600,000 invested and paying seven per cent. interest. When the lands are all sold and the avails added to the fied, it is supposed that the amount will be increased to $1,500,000. The Normal School at Platteville was opened October 9, 1866. Normal Schools have also been located at Whitewater, Stoughton, Oshkosh, and Sheboygan. There were 42 teachers' institutes held in 1867, with an attendance of 1,604 teachers. Public Schools. Whole number of districts in the State, 3,770: parts of districts, 1,895. Number of children over 4 and under 20 years of age-in the State, 371,083; in districts maintaining school 5 or more months, 330,263; who have attended school, 233,576; number of different pupils who have attended public schools during the year, 239,945. Number of schools-with two departments, 254; with three or more departments, 103; number of teachers required for the schools, 5,059; number of different teachers employed during the year, 8,357. Average wages of teachers-males, $40.76, females, $26.34; number of schools visited by County Superintendents. 4,223; number of public school-houses in the State, 4,565; number of pupils accommodated, 259,284; number of sites-containing less than 1 acre, 3,621; well enclosed, 903; number of school-houses built of stone or brick, 451; with outhouses in good condition, 1,867; cash value of school-houses, $2,189,159; of sites, $333,567; total, $2,522,726. Money on hand, August 31, 1866, $209,128; from taxes levied-for building and repairing, $338,034; teachers' salaries, $725,464; apparatus and library, $11,758; appropriated at annual town meeting, $91,140; by county. supervisors, $163,622; from income of school fund, $158,518; receipts from all other sources, $163,260; total receipts, 1867, $1,860,924. Expenditures-for building and repairing school-houses, $849,594; apparatus and library, $5,117; services of teachers —male, $331,911, female, $592,778; old indebtedness, $63,540; furniture, registers and records, $22,128; all other purposes, $156,344; total, 1867, $1,521,412. Amount on hand (estimated), Aug. 1, 1867, $339,512; total money on hand and expenditures, $1,860,924. 478' [1869. The productive educational trust funds of the State were, on Sept. 30, 1867, as follows: Common School Fund, $2,096,307.60; University Fund, $193,884.88; Normal School Fund, $G62,791.92; Agricultural College Fund, $18,417; total, $2,)911,4()1.40. Land belonging to the funds unsol'dSchool Fund, 413,897 acres; Normal School Fund, 480,520 acres; Agricultural College Fund, 233,556 acres; total, 1,127,973 acres. Private Schools. Whole number, 386; number'of teachers, 571; of pupils registered, 18,403. Number of academies, 9; of students in 1868, 1,495. Cash value of land, $18,000; of buildings, $114,800; amount of tuition, $15,232; of other income, $1,687. Colleges. Number reported, 7; number of members of faculties, 58; number graduates, 394; graduates at last commencement. 69; number of studcnts in senior classes, 51; in junior classes, 66; in sophomore, 130; in freshmen. 13,; in preparatory departments, 1,031; number of acres owned by the institutions, 344,447; cash value-of lands, $879,019; of buildings, $346,500; amount of endowment funds except real estate, $399,849; of income from tuition, $71,856; from other sources, $32,287. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. This State has established institutions for the education and support of the unfortunate, on an ample scale, and is maintaining them with a liberal spirit. These institutions are all reported in good condition, reflecting credit on those who manage them, and on the State by whose munificence they are sustained. The Hospital for the Insane, situated on one of the lakes at Madison, has a farm connected with it, worked principally by the less afflicted of the inmates, which yields an annual profit of $6,000. Two wings have been added to the building since 1866, rendering the institution adequate to the care of about 350 patients. There are about 700 insane in the State needing'care and treatment. The Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, at Delavan, has ample buildings and work-shops which have been recently erected. It is the intention of the trustees, to render the institution self-supporting, as far as practicable. All the scholars are required to labor a portion of each day; the girls perform the lighter kinds of housework and various kinds of needlework; and the boys are employed at various trades, the necessary work about the institution, and in the cultivation of the farm and garden. The original building of the Institution for the education of the Blind being unsafe, has been removed, and new rooms prepared for the accommodation of the pupils. The school has three departments, the literary, the industrial, and the musical. The aim is to give each pupil a thorough knowledge of the rudiments of a good English education, and those who are capable, take up also the branches of English studies usually attended to in good academies and high schools. In the industrial department, the boys of suitable age and strength are taught broom-making. The younger boys and girls work a portion of every day at bead-work. The older girls sew and knit, and do various kinds of fancy work. The enlargements and improvements made in all these institutions within the last three years, have added much to the comfort of the classes for whom they were established. All are open to citizens of the State, free of expense. The Soldiers' Orphans' Home is filled to its utmost capacity, there being an average of about two hundred and eighty children, and there are many applicants for admission, who cannot be received for want of room. WISCONSIN. 479 1S69.] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. In the State Reform School, the change from the congregated to the family system has produced a manifest improvement. New buildings have been completed which answer admirably the purposes of their erection. The inmates can now be divided, arranged and classified with reference to their fitness for association together, thus ensuring success in their reformation, when success is attainable. The State Prison is situated at Waupun, and has been pronounced one of the finest in the United States. The buildings have been extended by the erection of another wing; the whole work being done by convicts who never, before the wing was begun, had worked an hour at the trade. They were assisted and directed by one overseer only. The convicts are worked on account of the State, and their earnings will, if properly managed, be sufficient to pay all the expenses of the prison, after the buildings are completed. Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane, Madison, Dr. A. H. VAN NOSTRAND, SUperintene t. Number of patients, Oct. 1, 1866-males, 96, females, 84; total, 180. Admitted during the year-males, 55, females, 59; total, 114. Discharged-recovered, 49; improved, 33; unimproved, 22; died, 10; total, 114. Remaining in hospital, Oct. 1, 1867-males, 90, females, 90; total, 180. Wisconsin Institute for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, Delavan, H. W. MILLIGAN, A. M., M.D., Pincipap. Number of pupils in attendance during the year, 108. Wisconsin Institution for the Education of the Blind, Janesville, Tios. H. LITTLE, M. A., Sulpeintendent. Whole number of pupils instructed during the year-males, 27, females, 27; total, 54. Soldiers' Orphans' Home, Madison, F. B. BREWER, Superintendent. There have been admitted during the year commencing Oct. 1, 1866, 133 children. Whole number in the Home Oct. 1, 1867-males, 165, females, 110; total, 275. Age-4 years, 12; 5 years, 14; 6 years, 21; 7 years, 21; 8 years, 31; 9 years, 41; 10 years, 32; 11 years, 39; 12 years, 27; 13 years, 26; 14 years, 10; 15 years, 1; total, 275. State Reform School, Waukesha, A. D. HENDRICKSON, Superintendent. Number in school Oct. 9, 1866-males, 118, females, 16; total, 134. Number committed and returned during the year-mr.ales, 72, females, 11; total, 83. Number discharged, 46; escaped, 16; total, 62. Remaining Oct. 9, 1867-males, 143, females, 12; total, 155. Cause of commitment-Larceny, 35; incorrigibility, 22; vagrancy, 10; miscellaneous, 5; total, 72. Age-10 years and under, 16; 11 years, 5; 12 years, 18; 13 years, 12; 14 years, 9; 15 years, 9; 16 years and upward, 3; total, 72. Parentage-American, 57; Irish 50; German, 38; English, 20; colored, 12; miscellaneous and unknown, 40; total, 217. Whole number of inmates since opening of school in 1860-males, 406, females, 66; total, 472. State Prison, Waupun, H. CORDrRR, State Prison Commissioner. Number of convicts in prison Oct. 1, 1866, 169; received during the year, 125. Discharged-by pardon, 16; expiration of sentence, 1; reduction of time, 71; total, 88. Remaining Oct. 1, 1867-males, 191, females, 15; total, 206. Nativity-United States, 71; Germany, 23; Ireland, 8; Canada, 6; other foreign countries, 17; total, 125. Cause of commitment-larceny, 75; burglary, 10; assault, 8; forgery, 5; arson, 4; miscellaneous, 23; total, 125. Whole number of prisoners since organization, 1,224. Under 12 years of age, 3; from 12 to 20, 228; 20 to 30,,33; 30 to 40, 259; 40 to 50, 125; 50 to 60, 59; 60 to 70, 14; 70 to 80, 3; total, 1,224. There have been discharged-on expiration of sentences, 343; pardon, 277; writ of habeas cor8u8, 9; by order of Supreme Court, 7; removed to insane asylum, 2; by death, 11; by suicide, 2; by order of the War Department, 1; escape without recapture, 7: by reduction of time, 359; total, 1,018. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY., The population has rapidly increased since the census was first taken in the State in 1840, being then, and at the end of each decade since, as follows: In.. pero nt. I-,. pe t. 1840......305,391........886.8 1860......775,881........154.06 [1869. 490 1840......30,945....... In the foreign immigration to this State there has been a larger proportion of immigrants from Norway, Germany and Wales, than ill the other States, Wisconsin receiving from the former country nearly as many as all the other States. A Board of Immigration, provided for by the Legislature in 1867, has been organized. The surface of the State is rolling prairie, elevated from six hundred to twelve hundred feet above sea level, with no mountains or lofty hills. The soil in the southern part is remarkably productive, and even in the mineral regions of the northwest it is well adapted to grazing. Wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, and hay are the staple crops, the first-named being the most extensively grown, and by far the heaviest money crop, being made a specialty in a large majority of the counties. In La Crosse, Monroe, Richland, Racine, Sauk and other counties, hops have become an important interest, and have proved highly remunerative. In Sahtik county they are made a specialty, growing luxuriantly, and yielding most abundantly., This county alone in 1867, received for the article of hops, about $3,000,000. This State possesses abundant timber resources, and an immense lumbering business is carried on in many of the northern and western counties, the pineries of Marathon, Chippewa, Clark, Wood, St. Croix, and other counties, furnishing many millions of feet of logs and lumber annually. The mineral resources of the State are varied and valuable. The lead region of Illinois and Iowa extends over an area of 2,140 square miles in Wisconsin. The iron region of Lake Superior presents within the limits of this State abundant deposits of great richness. Magnetic iron, plumbago, and the non-metallic earths abound. Copper deposits have also been developed, but as yet have only been worked to a limited extent. The facilities for propelling machinery found in the various water-courses of Wisconsin invite large investments of labor and capital in the extension of manufacturing enterprise. The extensive water power of Milwaukee river affords great facilities for manufacturing, and is in process of rapid development. Milwaukee is the greatest primary wheat market in the world. In 1862, the receipts of wheat and of flour reduced to wheat, were nearly 18,000,000 of bushels. The aggregate valuation of taxable property in the state, in 1867, as equalized by the State Board of Equalization, was $211,479,319.36, being an increase since 1865, of $57,212,699.06. The manufacturing establishments in 1860 nambered 3,064, with a capital invested of $15,831,581. The value of the raw material absorbed and cost of production equalled $21,406,042, the total product having reached $27,849,467, leaving a profit of $6,403,425, or upwards of 40 per cent. upon the capital invested. Products in 1866. Corn, 9,414,583 bushels; value, $7,719,.58; wheat, 20,307,920 bushels; value, $33,914,226; rye, 926,4.92 bushels; value $815,313; oats, 17,174,086 bushels; value, $9,274,006; barley, 860,521 bushels; value, $774,469; buckwheat, 69,227 bushels; value, $59,535; potatoes, 3,940,273 bushels; value, $2,521,775; hay, 1,151,477 tons; value, $14,105,593. Banks. The number of National Banks, Sept. 30, 1868, was-organized, 37; closed or closing, 3; in operation, 34; with a paid in capital of $2,960,000. 31 186}9.] WISCONSIN. 481 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 38. ALASKA TERRITORY. Capital, Sitka, or New Archangel. Area, 577,390 square miles. Population, 75.000.* Alaska comprises that portion of North America, which is situated north of the parallel of 54~ 40' north latitude, and west of the meridian of 141~ west longitude. It embraces numerous islands lying along the coast and extending west fi'om the principal peninsula. The northern coast was discovered in 1778, by Captain Cook who reached Icy Cape, latitude 70~ 20' north, and longitude 160~ 46' west. In 1826, Capt. Beechy proceeded east as far as North Cape, or Point Barrow, latitude 71~ 23' 31" north, longitude, 156~ 21' 32" west; while about the same time, Sir John Franklin, then Captain Franklin, traced the coast west from the mouth of the Mackenzie to Return Reef, latitude 70~ 26' north, longitude 148~ 52' west. The intervening space between Point Barrow and Return Reef was explored in 1837 by Dease and Simpson, officers of the Hudson's Bay Company. This extensive territory was granted to a Russian-American fur company by a charter from the Emperor Paul VIII. in July, 1799, with power to occupy and bring under the dominion of Russia all territories north or south of fifty-five degrees, not previously occupied by another nation. The charter of the company was renewed in 1839; there were at that tilme, thirty-six hunting and fishing establishments. In consideration of the sum of $7,200,000, the territory was ceded to the United States by the Emperor of Russia, by a treaty concluded at Washington, March 30, 1867, and ratified by the Senate, May 28. The actual transfer was made in October of the same year, Gen. Rousseau of the United States service, taking formal possession on behalf of the Federal Government, at New Archangel, on the Island of Sitka. By an act of Congress approved July 27, 1868, the laws of the IUnited States relating to customs, commerce and navigation were extended over the territory, and a collection district was established. By order from General Halleck, Aug. 13, 1868, the military district of Alaska was constituted and attached to the Department of California. No territorial government had been established, January, 1869. The boundaries are as follows: Commencing at 54~ 40' north latitude, ascending Portland channel to the mountains, following their summits to the 141~ west longitude; thence north, on this line, to the Arctic ocean, forming the eastern boundary. Starting from the Arctic ocean west, the line descends Behring's strait, between the two islands of Krusensternl and Ratmanofi; to the parallel of 65~ 3., and proceeds due north without limitation, into the same Arctic ocean. Beginning again at the same initial point, on the parallel of 65~ 30', thence in a course soutlhwest through Behring's strait, between the island of St. Lawrence and Cape Choukotski to tle 172~ west longitude; and thence southwesterly, through Behring's sea, between the islands oi Attou and Copper, to the meridian of 193~ west longitude; leaving the prolonged group of the Aleutian islands in the possessions now transferred to the United States, and making the we-:ern boundary of our country the dividing line between Asia and America. CHARACTER OF THE COUNTRY. The northern part of the main land is compact and nearly level, about 600 miles in length and breadth. From this, a narrow belt extends along the * Including 65,000 Indians. (From report of Mr. Banks in the House of Representatives, May, 1868). [1S869. 482 coast to latitude 54~ 40'. This is broken and mountainous, with a few fertile valleys. The climate is variable, but milder than in the same latitude on the Atlantic coast, owing to the warm currents from the shores of Asia. The interior has been but little explored. There are several large rivers, the principal of which is the Yukon, the great river of the north, which flows into Behring sea, south of Norton's sound. The lower part of the river is called by the Russians, Kwichpak. Its mouths correspond in some degree to the delta of the Mississippi, and embrace nearly two degrees of latitude. It is open by the middle of May and closes about the middle of October. It is 2,000 miles in length and navigable from 1,000 to 1,500 miles. The mountains of Alaska are among the most elevated in North America. Mt. St. Elias is over 40 miles inland, and is seen more than 100 miles from the coast. Its height is probably between 15,000 and 18,000 feet. Mt. Fairweather, 100 miles to the southeast of Mt. St. Elias, nearly equals it in height. There are several active volcanoes, the highest of which have an altitude of about 10,000 feet. The coast line of the territory is 4,000 miles, and including bays and islands, more than 11,000 miles in extent. The peninsula of Alaska is 300 miles long, and averages 50 miles in width. The Aleutian islands are the summits of the mountain range which extends northward on the American coast around the head of Prince William sound and Cook's inlet, and down the peninsula of Alaska. They form a regular curve from the termination of the peninsula, southward, westward and northward, to Behring's island, a distance of 1,075 miles. This is the most remarkable, range of volcanic islands on the Western Continent. The six largest, all of which are inhabited, are as follows: Ounimak, Ounalaska, Oumnak, Atkha, Amchitka, and Attou, having an area of from 350 to 1,500 square miles. The inhabitants generally live on the north side of these islands, for the southern side is exceedingly abrlupt and has no harbors. Ounalaska has a population of 700 and the others average about 350, except Attou, which has a population of 120. Further north, in Behring's sea, are the large islands of St. Lawrence and Noumbak, each containing more than 2,000 square miles. In the center of Behring's sea are the small islands of St. Paul and St. George, the summer resort of the fur seal. Further north is St. Matthew, on which the Russians have in vain attempted to establish a trading post. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The entire population of this country is estimated at 75,000. There are 9,000 Russians, Creoles, Kodiaks, and Aleoots, and about 65,000 Indians of different tribes. Where the natives have means of living, they are peaceful, capable, learn quickly, and exhibit skill in commerce and mechanics. They are proverbial for their skill in fashioning a multitude of household utensils and war implements. The population of Sitka numbers about 500 ALASKA TERRITORY. 1869.] 483 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Russians, Cossacks and Creoles, and there are about 1,000 Indians in its vicinity. It has but one street, with straggling log-houses. The principal buildings are the Governor's residence, a Greek church, a Lutheran chapel, the buildings of the Russian-American Company, a club house, and a block house with a small battery. Along many of the streams there is an abundance of timber, mostly of pine, spruce, cedar and hemlock. The districts bordering upon the coast are capable of yielding in moderate quantities, the cereal grains and the more valuable vegetables of the temperate zone. Iron and coal are found in considerable abundance, and can be obtained at no very great expense. Gold, silver and copper have been discovered. The principal value of the territory for the present, depends upon its lumber, fisheries, and its fur productions. The supply of furs is on the decrease, owing to the active traffic which had been carried on in that commodity, but the fisheries are inexhaustible. Salmon abound in the rivers, and cod and halibut on the coasts. Whales and walrus are plentiful in seas to the south of Behring's strait. The most numerous, though not the most valuable of fur-bearing animals is the fur seal. 80,000 skins are obtained annually, which bring from $2.00 to $3.00 apiece in London. The most valuable of the fur-bearing animals is the sea otter. Its skins sell for $50 to $100 each, and sometimes for more. The fox abounds on the Aleutian Islands, living on sea-birds and fish, and having his safe retreat among the volcanic cliffs and fissures. From five to six thousand are caught annually. The walrus is the favorite of the Esquimaux, furnishing in its oily flesh the carbon and oxygen to keep him warm. Of other fur animals, the marten and mink are the most valuable. 39. ARIZONA TERRITORY. Capital, Tucson. Area, 113,916 square miles. Polnclation, (1866), 20,000O.* This territory embraces a portion of the country acquired from Mexico in 1854. The southern part, known as the "Gadsden purchase," was the earliest occupied by Americans, and is still the best known. The territory was organized February 24, 1863, from the western part of New Mexico. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor...........................R. C. MCCoRMXICKt...........Tucson.................$2,500 Sereta?y of Stae..................J. P. T. CARTER..............Tucson................. 2,000 Treasurer and( Receiver Gezre?......J. B. ALLEN..................Tucson................650 Auditor............................C. H. LORD...................Tucson................. 650 JUDICIARY. The Judicial power of the territory is vested in a Supreme Court and Probate Courts. The Supreme Court consists of one Chief Justice and two Associate Judges, who are appointed by the President. It holds one session annually at Tucson, commencing the 4th Monday in October. * Exclusive of Indians. f Elected as delegate to congress. 484 [1869. * Exclusive of Indians. t Elected as delegate to Congress. UNITED STATES COURT. Dist?.gct Judge, Wm. F. Turner. District Attoey, John A. Rush. Marshal, Edward J. Phelps. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, Wm. F. Turner, Prescott. Associate Justices, Henry T. Bachus, Tucson; H. D. Castler, La Paz. Salaries, $2,500 each. FINANCES. The total territorial indebtedness, October 8, 1866, amounted to $21,051.41, and there was a balance of $249.50 in the treasury to the credit of the general fund. Of this indebtedness, $15,590 were payable in gold, being the amount of bonds (and interest on the same to January 4, 1867), issued under the act of the first assembly, approved Nov. 9, 1864, and entitled "An act to provide for the contingent expenses of the territorial government." POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The Colorado valley was a scat of Spanish civilization and missionary enterprise more than a centuriy ago. Early in the eighteenth century, flourishing settlements existed in the valley of the Gila, the Rio Verde, and the Salinas. The relics of these are still seen in the ruins of cities, cathedrals and farms, scattered -up and down the Colorado and its branches. The remains of irrigating canals show the extensive and elaborate scale on which Spanish agriculture was then prosecuted. The Santa Cruz region was occupied by Jesuit missionaries as early as the year 1600, the ruins of whose establishments are still seen. The depredations of the Apaches have restricted the settlement of large portions of this territory and New Mexico. On account of their hostilities, it is found safe to occupy the country only in colonies for mutual protection. The settlements in the southern part and along the Colorado are numerous. This forms part of the basin of theColorado. Its surface consists of elevated table-lands, broken by mountain ranges and interspersed with fertile valleys and sandy wastes. Its northern and northeastern portions are comparatively unexplored and mostly in the occupancy of the Indians. South of the Gila and west of the 112th meridian the country is sandy, supposed not generally fertile, except along the river. In other portions there are many beautiful valleys, containing millions of acres of extraordinary fertility, producing wheat, barley, oats, tobacco, fruits, and vegetables. In the south, cotton and sugar crops are remunerative, and on the hills and mountain sides, a rich and abundant pasturage is found. Recent explorations have proved that the Colorado River is navigable for nearly seven hundred miles, thus affording direct communication with the ocean to portions of Arizona, Utah, New Mexico and Nevada. By the opening of this river, Government has already saved thousands of dollars in the transportation of military stores, and a fresh impetus has been given to the development of the resources of Arizona. In southern Arizona and upon the Colorado, excepting at the highest points, work is usually suspended in the summer months. In central Arizona this is not necessary, as the sun is seldom oppressive. The thermometer has been 1869.] ARIZONA TERRITORY. 485 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. known to stand at 110~ on the Colorado, when it rose to but 65~ in and about Prescott. The nights in the mountains throughout the territory are cool at all seasons. Snow falls in Central Arizona, but excepting in the higher mountains it usually remains but a few hours. No one of the mineral-bearing territories of the "Pacific" is richer in mineral lands than Arizona, though the mines have not been extensively worked. The surface ores of gold and silver are good; and copper, lead and iron are found in many places. The pine of Central Arizona grows to a medium size, and much of it is resinous. The oak and black walnut do not obtain a great size. Pine lulmber cut by a steam mill in Prescott, is furnished at $30, $60, and $100 per 1,000 feet, according to the quality. The mesquite and cottonwood of southem Arizona and the Colorado furnish good rafters for the adobe structures, and the mesquite is fanled as a firewood. Two lines of railroad are projected through the territory. 40. COLORADO TERRITORY. Capital, Denver City. Area, 104,500 square miles. Population, (1860), 34,277. Colorado was organized as a territory from parts of Kansas, Nebraska and Utah, March 2, 1861. In conformity with an enabling act, passed March 21, 1864, a convention was held, and a constitution framed and adopted, Aug. 12, 1865. This constitution was submitted to the people, and adopted by them, Sept. 5. State officers were elected, November 14, 1865. A bill to admit Colorado as a state was introduced into the United States Senate, January 18, 1866, and passed April 25. It passed the House the same day, but was returned to the Senate by the President with his objections, on May 16. In January, 1867, another bill passed both Houses of Congress providing for the admission of Colorado, upon the fundamental condition that within the State there should be "no denial of the elective franchise or any other rights to any person by reason of race or color, except to Indians not taxed." This bill was returned by the President with his objections on January 19. A vote was taken February 28, but the bill failed to receive the requisite vote in the Senate. A bill was afterwards passed, applying the same principle to the organic acts of all the territories, in which Colorado was included. At its next session, the Legislature voted to accept the amendment of Congress, but the majority in both Houses was represented to be opposed to a State organizatiom GOVERNMENT. OFFIC:. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor...........................A. CAMERON HUNT...........Denver.................$2,500 Secretary..........................FRANK HALL................Denver................. 1,800 Tr easrer..........................COLUMBUS NUCKOLLS.........Central City............ 700 Auditor............................N. F. CHEESEMAN............Denver................. 1,000 Adjutant General.................. HAL SAYR.................... Central City............ 500 Supt. of Public Instruction..........COLUMIBUS NUCKOLLS...........Central City............ 100 Sec. Board of Agriculture...........W. D. ANTnONY..............Denver................. The Territorial Legislature in 1862, passed an act establishing the capital of Colorado at Golden City, but the Legislature continued to meet at Denver. [1869. 486 COLORADO TERRITORY. Il 1866, Gov. Cummings transferred the executive department of the governimeut to Golden City, whence, on December 10, he transmitted his annual message to the Legislature, which assembled as usual at Denver. The Legislature consists of a Council of 13 members, and a House of Representatives of 26 members. The general election is on the 1st Tuesday in October. JUDICIARY. The Judicial power of the territory is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associates, appointed by the President of the United States for the term of four years. For District Court purposes, the territory is divided into three districts, in each of which one of the Justices of the Supreme Court holds the sessions. There is also in each district, aI Clerk of the Court, who appoints deputies for every county. The Supreme and District Courts have chancery as well as common law jurisdiction. SUPREME COURT. Chief Jwstice, Moses Hallet, Denver. Associate Justices, Christian S. Eyster, Denver; William A. Gorsline, Central City. Salaries, $4,500 each. TERMs OF COURTS. Supreme Couert. One term of this court is held annually at Golden City, on the 1st Tuesday in July. Distnct Courts-First Dist?'ct, at Denver, 1st Tuesday in March and 2d Tuesday in June; at Oro City, 2d Tuesday in September; at Tarnyall, 3d Tuesday in May and 1st Tuesday in Augtlst; at Parkville, 3d Tuesday in August. Second Dist?ict, at Boulder, 3d Tuesday inll March; at Idaho, 2(1 Tuesday in May and 3d Tuesday in November; at Central City, 1st Tuesday in April and 2d Tuesday in July and October; at Golden City, 2d Tuesday in February and 3d Tuesday in August. Third Distinct, at Pueblo, 1st Tuesday in May and 2d Tuesday in September; at San Luis, 1st Tuesday in August. FINANCES. Balance in Treasury, December 12, 1866, - - - $1,638.04 Receipts on account of revenue and military tax to Nov. 30, 1867, 23,765.56 $25,403.60 EXPENDITURES FOR 1867. Amount of waTrrants redeemed from Dec.12,1866 to Nov.20, 1867, $23,728.12 Miscellaneous, -. 1,220.49 Balance in Treasury, - - 454.99 $25,403.60 SOURCES OF REVENUE AND DISBURSEMENTS. The receipts were from the several counties, and were principally from assessments and military tax. The disbursements were as follows: Legislative Fund......................................... $12,8.47 General Contingent Fund.................................................. 1,830.47 Colorado Agricultural-Society............................................. 500.00 Territorial Officers......................................................... 2,551.09 Military Debt............................................................ 4,388.10 Adjutant General's special fund............................................ 1,396.60 Miscellaneous.............................................................. 2,043.88 Total................................................................. $24,948.61 1 -- 6, ] 487 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Total amount of warrants issued in 1867.............................. $29,441.03 Redeemed..................................................................13,595.63 Balance from previous year................................................ 30.51 Balance outstanding..................................................$15,875.91 Amount of certificates of indebtedness due April 29, 1870, issued to 1st Regiment mounted militia..............................................$42,169.50 EDUCATION. The territorial Treasurer is also Superintendent of Public Instruction, and he has the general supervision of public schools. The law provides for the appointment of county superintendents who have charge of the distribution of school-money, and exercise supervision over the schools in their respective counties. The territorial Superintendent, last year, caused blanks to be printed and sent to the county superintendents to aid them in reporting the facts required by law; few reports were received, and no summary of school statistics has been given. The Treasurer is also Librarian, and reports an addition of 144 volumes to the territorial library in 1867. WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. This territory is traversed by ranges of the Rocky Mountains which enclose extensive table lands called parks, some of which are very productive. About 4,000,000 acres of agricultural land are capable of irrigation and will make productive farms. More than 200 miles of irrigating ditches have already been constructed. During the fiscal year 1867, 1,310,115 acres of land were surveyed, which, added to the lines previously extended, make a surveyed surface of 2,844,857 acres. The amount of agricultural land still unsurveyed in this territory was estimated by the Surveyor General in 1867, at 7,000,000 acres. Large tracts of land not suited to cultivation, are adapted to grazing, and in the southern portion of the territory, herds and flocks can thrive and fatten on the pasture lands the year round. Cattle and sheep are raised with profit, and the number of both is rapidly increasing. The deposits of gold and silver seem inexhaustible, and as soon as a method of separating the metals in a less expensive manner is adopted, it is believed that the annual product will be largely increased. The total gold and silver produced up to 1867, was estimated at $25,000,000. The mines have been worked with increased success the past year, and the product is estimated at $4,000,000. Gulch or placer mining is not prosecuted in Colorado to the same extent as in California, the ores being found principally in rock not disintegrated. More expensive machinery for crushing the rock, and improved processes for separating the mineral from the sulphurets of iron and copper, with which it is often combined, may be necessary, but the richness of the lodes and the extent of the mineral districts seem established. The discovery in 1867, of rich silver mines in the vicinity of Georgetown, in Clear Creek county, led to the erection of several mills and reduction works, some of which are already completed and in operation. These silver mines already give evidence of rich returns for the labor bestowed upon them. 488 [18;9. DAKOTA TERRITORY. Coal exists in large quantities, and has been traced along the base of the mountains, and the indications are that an extensive deposit exists eastward from their base. Iron ore is f6und in abundance. Near the coal a smelting furnace is already in successful operation on the South Boulder. Lead is found in some parts of the territory, and rich copper veins have been opened the last two years. It is difficult to give reliable statistics of the mining operations, but the following facts relating to the business of Denver for 1867, are compiled from the report of a committee appointed by the Board of Trade, and are mainly derived firom the official returns in the Assessor's Office. Gross sales of merchandise............................................$5,946,000.00 Cash paid for freight.................................................. 2,171,000.00 Pounds of freight received.............................................17,122,000 Pounds of corn and wheat..............................................12,638,000 Sacks of flour sold..................................................... 70,386 Cash value of lumber sold.............................................$ 850,000.00 250 buildings erected, valued at........................................ 722,650.00 Cash value of goods manufactured in Denver........................... 887,000.00 Cash receipts for passengers by stage lines............................. 591,801.00 Cash receipts for express matter...................................... 168,976.00 * Gold shipped by Wells, Fargo & Co.................................. 1,560,000.00 t Gold bought by Banks................................................ 604,000.00 Gold and silver received by U.S. branch Mint.......................... 289,158.70 Average cash deposits in B a n k s........................................ 741,000.00 Average loans and discounts by B a n k s..........................3....... 98,000.00 Eastern exchange sold by Banks........................................ 8,301,000.00 Amount of cash paid over Bank counters...............................77,870,000.00 The public lands undisposed of are over 62,850,000 acres. During the year 1867, there were entered at the Land Office at Denver, under Bounty Land warrants, 36,334 acres; Ihomestead act, 11,059 acres; filings made and settled upon, 103,000 acres; and Cash Series act, 10,022 acres. Products. The agricultural products of 1866 were estimated at 500,000 bushels of wheat, 600,000 bushels of corn and 530,000 bushels of barley,and oats. Bainks. There are three National Banks, with a capital of $350,000. 41. DAKOTA TERRITORY. Capital, Yankton. Area, 152,000 square miles. Population, (1860), 4,837.$ Dakota was organized by an act of Congress passed March 2, 1861. It is a large territory lying west of Minnesota. The western portion of the territory was set off in 1868, to constitute the new territory of Wyoming. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Govrnor...........................ANDREW J. FAULK...........Yankton......$1,500 Secretary........................... S. L. SPINK ~................Yankton...... 1,800 Auditor............................I. T. GORE....................Brule Creek P.O. Treasurer..........................M. K. ARMSTRONG............Yankton...... 75 Sipt. of Public Inst7r?ttion.........JAS. S. FOSTER...............Yankton...... 3.00 per day. Attorney General...................GEO. H. HAND................Yankton...... 250 and fees. * This amotunt does not represent the yield of gold for the territory, nor even approximate it, as over one-half the gold passes to the East in the hands of private parties. tThe principal yield of gold is from the counties of Gilpin, Clear Creek, and Summit, and nearly all the gold from those counties is purchased at Central City. $ Whites and civilized Indians. ~ Elected Delegate to Congress. 1869.] 489 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The Governor and Secretary are appointed by the President. The Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Public Instruction are chosen by the qualified electors. By the act organizing the territory, every free white male inhabitant of the United States, of the age of 21 years, who was then a resident of the territory was entitled to vote and eligible to office. But this act was modified by the Congressional act of Janluary 24, 1867, which prohibits the Legislatures of any of the territories from denying the elective franchise to any of the citizens on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude. MILITIA. The threatened invasion of hostile Indians and the proclamation of the Governor in 1867, led to the organization of the militia forces of the territolry with the following officers: Governor and Commander-in- Chief.........................A. J. FAULE. Adjutant General...........................................JAMES L. KELLEY. Quarternmaster General.....................................Brig. Gen. D. M. MILLS Paynmaster General..........................................Col. JOHN L. JOLLEY. Aid-de- Cam7np to tile Govere?oe................................ Col. JOHN LAWRENCE. Eight companies were organized, numbering 538 men, and arms and ammunition were received from the general government. and issued to these companies. JUDICIARY. The Judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, and Probate Courts. The Supreme Court is composed of one Chief Justice and two Associate Justices. SUPREMIE COURT AND DISTRICT COURTS. Chief Justice, Asa Bartlett, Yankton. Associate Justices, J. P. Kidder, Vermillion; John W. Boyle, Bon Homme. Salary, $2,500 each. TERMS OF COURTS. First District, at Vennrmillion, 4th Monday of June and October, and for the county of Union in said district, 2d Tuesday of March and 3d Tuesday of November. Second District, at Yankton, 1st Monday of June and October. Third District, at Bon Homme, 2d Monday of May and 1st Monday of September. FINANCES. Receipts from county Treasurers for 1867, Disbursements to territorial officers for 1867. Salaries and services, - - - Miscellaneous, - - - -. Balance in Treasury, - - - $197.00 - 160.75 28.74 $386.49 EDUCATION. This territory has taken steps to secure the faithful administration of a Public School System which would be a credit to any state, and which reflects great honor on a community just establishing its political and social institutions. In 1864, there were no public schools and but few private schools in the territory. The country was so thinly settled that the organi. 490 [1869. $386.49 zation of schools was difficult, but the prosperity and rapid growth of the territory has made it practicable to establish schools in many places, and a public school system is now in successful operation. The school law passed by the territorial Assembly and approved, January 3, 1868, provides for the appointment of a State Superintendent of Public Instruction, County Superintendents, District Directors, and Boards of school officers. The State and County superintendents hold office for two years, and are elected at the usual time for electing territorial and county officers. The officers of each district are a director, clerk and treasurer, who are elected annually and constitute the District Board. In Union county there were in 1867, 16 organized districts, and 724 persons between the ages of 5 and 21, of whom 296 were in the public schools, and 5 male and 5 female teachers were employed. There were at that time, 7 organized districts in Clay county, 5 in Yankton county, and one in Bon Homme county, but none reported in the other counties. The rapid increase in population and wealth will naturally be followed with the organization of new school districts and the erection of school-houses. The United States government has expended considerable sums of money in erecting schoolhouses, and supporting schools among the Indians. At most of the agencies there are valuable school-buildings. In Pembina county, $17,500 has been expended by Government in erecting a school-building for a Manual Labor School for the children of Ponca Indians. A new seminary named "Dakota Hall," has been erected at Yankton, under the patronage of the Protestant Episcopal Church. This is the first High School in the territory. The school law requires the State Superintendent with the county superintendents to hold each year a territorial Teachers' Institute for the instruction and training of the teachers of public schools. In accordance with this provision and the suggestion of the State Superintendent, Hon. James S. Foster, an institute was held at Elk Point on the 11th of November, 1867. It continued in session five days and was well attended, and its influence was good. A school fund is derived from a per capita tax of $1.00, and a tax of 2 mills on a dollar of all taxable property. The condition of public education at the beginning of 1868 may be learned from the following statistics of schools for 1867: Number of organized districts, 29; number of unorganized districts, 5; number of private schools, 2; children between the ages of 5 and 21, 1,550; children attending public schools, 421; children attending private schools, 160; children not attending school, 970; number of teachers -males, 10, females, 13; number of schools visited by territorial Superintendent, 5; amount of money raised for school purposes, $5,000; paid for teachers' wages, $2,388; amount of money expended for school purposes, $2,612; value of school district property in territory, $5,500; total value of school property in territory, including Indian schools, $24,240. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. Dakota embraces a large scope of unoccupied territory with a few white settlements in its southern borders, along the Missouri river. It extends from the boundary of Nebraska northward to the national frontier, more than 400 miles, and is nearly as broad. It is traversed by the Missouri river, the numerous affluents of whlich form an extensive system of international navi 18s:).] DAKOTA TERRITORY. 491 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. gation and drainage. It is well wooded in the portions which have been explored by surveying parties and others. The population in 1860 was 4,837, including 2,261 civilized Indians. There were in 1867, about 30,000 uncivilized Indians within the limits of the territory. The absence of any special attractions in the form of rich deposits of the precious metals in the eastern part, has caused the progress of this territory in population or agricultural development to be less marked than that of some others. During the last two years, the population has increased more rapidly, and was estimated at 25,000 in 1867. The immigrants have been largely those devoted to agriculture and mechanical pursuits, who, upon entering the territory, provided themselves with land sufficient for themselves and children, and have commenced valuable improvements, expecting to make this their home. A very serious obstacle to immigration has been the hostility of the Sioux and other Indian tribes living within the territory, who, in spite of the efforts of the Government backed by a large military force, have maintained a predatory warfare along the great routes of travel connecting the valley of the Mississippi with the Pacific coast. The Indian troubles in 1867 and 1868, were mostly in the western part, now included in Wyoming. Valuable mineral deposits of gold, silver, iron and copper have been discovered, and coal has been found in the carboniferous formation. Up to June 30, 1867, 2,663,660 acres of public lands had been surveyed, of which, 1,510,760 acres were included in the Dakota and Sioux Indian lands. More than 150,000,000 acres remained unsuiweyed at that date; a part of this is now in Wyoming. Valuable pine timber is found in the vicinity of the Black Hills. In the northeastern part of the territory, a valuable quarry of pipe-stone has been opened. In 1867, acts were passed incorporating the Dakota and Northwestern, and the Minnesota and Missouri River Railroad Companies, the corporators of which have since met and fully organized, according to the provisions of the acts. The Northern Pacific Railroad crosses the northern part of this territory, and another road is in contemplation from Sioux City, up the valley of the Missouri to Yankton, a distance of 65 miles. The climate of much of the territory is favorable to health, and the various inducements presented to immnigrants will, it is believed, attract many, and cause the population to increase with rapidity. 42. IDAHO TERRITORY. Capital, Boise City. Area, 90,932 square miles. Population, (1867), 20,000. Idaho was organized as a territory by Congress, March 3, 1863. It was formed from portions of Nebraska, Oregon, Utah, and Washington territories, but its boundaries were changed at the following session of Congress and a portion of the original territory was included in Montana. It extends from latitude 42' to 49', and from the 33d to the 40th meridian of longitude west from Washington, but it is quite irregular in form, its northern boundary being only about 50 miles long, while its southern boundary is more than 300 miles in length. 492 [1869. IDAHO TERRITORY. GOVERNMENT. Governor.......................D. W. BALLARD................Boise City................$2,500 Secretary.................. S. R. HoWLETT............Boise City.................2,000 Treasurer.....................E. C. STERLING................Boise City..........percentage. C,Iptroller.................. DANIEL CRANE................Boise City.................2,000 Supt. of Public Instruction......DANIEL CRANE.................Boise City................ 1,600 The Governor and Secretary are appointed by the President of the United States, for a term of four years. The other officers are elected by the legal voters. A Council of 10 members and a House of Representatives of 20 members, are also chosen by the people, the former for two years, and the latter for one year. JUDICIARY. The judicial power of the Territory is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice, and two Associate Justices, who are appointed by the President of the United States, for a term of four years. One session of the Supreme Court must be held annually, at the seat of the territorial government. For District Court purposes, the territory is divided into three judicial districts, in each of which a Justice of the Supreme Court holds the sessions. The Supreme and District Courts respectively possess chancery as well as common law jurisdiction. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, T. I. Bowers, Idaho City. Associate Justices, Milton Kelly, Lewiston; R. T. Miller, Silver City. Ugzited States Attorney, Prickett. United States Marshal, James H. Alvord. Salaries of the Judges, $3,500 each. DISTRICT COURTS. 1st Distrct, composed of the counties of Nez Perces, Idaho. and Shoshone; Judge-Milton Kelly; District Attorney, W. W. Thayer. 2d District, composed of the counties of Alturas and Boise; Judge, J. R. McBride; Clerk, W. B. Smith; District Attoriney, J. J. May. 3d District, composed of the counties of Ada, Owyhee, and Oneida; Judge, John Cummins; Clerk, R. E. Halleck; District Attoriey, L. P. Higbee. TERMS OF COURTS. 1st District, at Lewiston, 1st Monday of April and 2d Monday of October; at Florence, 1st Monday of September. 2d District, at Idaho City, 2(d Monday of February, lst Monday of July, and 4th Monday of October; at Rock Bar, 1st Monday of June, and 2d Monday of September. 3d District, at Boise City, 3(1 Monday of April, 1st Monday of November; at Silver City, 1st monday of June, and 1st Monday of October; at Molud City, 1st Monday of May. FINANCES. Balance cash on hand, Dec. 3, 1866, -... -$7,090.74 Receipts for 1867, - - - - - ---- 56,968.52 Total, - -..-.- - - -.$64,059.26 Payments in 1867, - —.-.. -58,005.76 Balance in funds, Jan. 1, 1868, - - - ---- $6,053.50 Amount received up to Nov. 30, 1868..................................................$37,579..38 Paid General Fund........................................................$18,693.83 Prison "................................................ 8,319.51 Sinking "....................................................... 8,153..33 School ".......................................................... 28.27 35,454.94 Cash balance in Treasury, Nov. 30, 1868................................................$8,177.94 1869.] 493 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Congress makes an annual appropriation of $20,000 to defray legislative expenses, and $1,000 for incidental expenses, but this amount has been found insufficient for this purpose. TERRITORIAL INDEBTEDNESS, DEC. 1, 1868. Amount in bond, Jan. 1, 1868.............................................. $72,444.59 Amount issued to Nov. 30,1868.............................................. 1,269.28 $73,713.87 Warrants subject to b)ond.................................................... 1,013.50 Current indebtedness, General Fund....................................... 3,098.00 " " Prison "......................................... 25,011.04 December, 1868, Coupons, Sinking Fund.................................... 4,424.84 Premium on gold, additional, 33+............................................ 1,474.94 5,899.78 $108,736.19 From which deduct cash in Treasury.................................................. 8,177.94 $100,558.25 EDUCATION. A Public School system was organized in Idaho soon after its incorporation as a territory. The school law provided for the appointment or election of a State Superintendent of Public Instruction, of a County Superintendent for each county, and of Trustees of school districts. The year after the enactment of the school law, the whole number of persons between 4 and 21 years of age reported, was 1,239, but two counties had not reported; the Superintendent of Public Instruction estimated the whole number of school age at 1,500. In 1866, 8 counties reported in the aggregate 14 schools, with 792 children between 5 and 18 years of age, 436 of whom were registered as attending school. The amount of money raised by these counties that year for the support of schools, was $6,605.19. PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The County Jail of Boise County, by act of the third Legislature, 1866, was made the temporary prison for the territory, and it is still so used and occupied. The building has thus far proved adequate for all purposes of confinement, and under the management of Mr. Crutcher, Prison Keeper, has been kept in a cleanly and orderly manner, and with few escapes. The expenses of the Territorial Prison during the year of 1867, were $14,594.63, and for the first eleven months in 1868, $16,961.63, making a total of $31,556.26 under the present laws regulating the-same. The law contemplates the employment of the labor of the prisoners, but no feasible project has yet been devised by which their labor could be used so as to pay even a portion of the expense of keeping them. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The discovery of rich mineral deposits in this territory induced many adventurers to emigrate hither, but for the first two years after its settlement, it was considered a place for speculation, where, by enduring the necessary toils and privations, rapid fortunes might be acquired. Few persons ex [1869. 494 Estimate of returns, December, 1868, $18,000. pected then to make it a permanent residence, and the territory was first peopled by those whose object was the acquirement of a speedy fortune, and this being done, to return to the older states. As a consequence, agriculture was neglected, and nearly the whole population were engaged in obtaining the precious metals ar in those trades and pursuits which were indispensable to successful mining. As the resources of the territory have become better understood, agricultural and mechanical pursuits have been prosecuted with gratifying results; the population has become more permanent, and instittutions of society are more firmly planted. In some parts of the territory, the hostile Indians have committed depredations on stock, and by robberies and murders rendered the routes of travel and unprotected settlements insecure. Active and successful efforts have been made to repel the incursions, and the frontier settlements are less disturbed. The population of the territory is now variously estimated at from 30,000 to 50,000. The office of Suiveyor General of the territory was created by an act of Congress, approved June 9, 1866. The initial point of surveys was fixed upon the summit of a rocky butte, standing isolated in the plain, situated between the Snake and Boise rivers, on the parallel 43~ 36' of north latitude, and distant nineteen miles from Boise City, in the direction of south 29~ west. Under the appropriation of $10,000 made by act of July 2, 1864, previous to the 30th of June, 1867, 288 lineal miles of the meridian, 138 miles of base, and 105 miles of standard parallels were surveyed. The altitude of this territory, with its mountains and table lands, renders the winters cold compared with the country lying west, but dry and healthy. The Boise, Payette, and Weiser valleys are sheltered and mild. The soil of the valleys is highly favorable to the growth of cereals, and extensive crops are raised where irrigation is practicable. The extensive table lands are covered with wild grasses and wild rye, and are valuable for grazing. The mountains are clothed with pine and fir timber. The valleys are destitute of timber except a species of cottonwood growing along the banks of the rivers. Farmers are erecting substantial dwellings and making other im provements, paying special attention to the cultivation of fruit trees, such as apple, plum, pear, cherry, and even peach. Gold is found on the head waters of all the rivers. Rich placer mines have been profitably worked for years on the Clearwater and Salmon rivers. Extensive placer and quartz mines are found on the Boise river and its branches. Many rich quartz lodes of gold and silver have been partially worked; their future developnment depending upon the reduced cost of transportation and other expenses, which thus far have retarded the growth and prosperity of the country. The quartz and placer mines of Owyhee county, situated in the southwest part of the territory, have proved to be eminently rich so far as developed. Some of the ledges are being worked with valuable machinery, repaying the capital invested, though at an enor mous outlay. The quantity and quality of the ore already abstracted are favorable indications of their future wealth. Several thousands of gold and silver quartz claims have been taken up and recorded, more or less prospected, 1869.1 IDAHO TERRITORY. 495 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. but the heavy expenses under which the miners have labored has, in general, prevented their successful development. The near approach of the Pacific railroad to the southern borders of the territory will materially reduce the cost of working the mines, when the resources of the country will be more favorably brought into notice. The product of the placer mines has been gradually diminishing, though this falling off will soon be more than made up by the yield of the quartz mines. In 1867, there were twenty-four quartz mills completed and running in this territory, with eight others in course of erection. They carried a total of nearly 400 stamps, cost in the aggregate $1,000,000, and have a united capacity equal to five hundred horses. Of the quartz mills, eight, supplied with 134 stamps, are situate in Alturas county, ten in Owyhee district, and the balance in the counties adjacent; the most being in the southern section of the territory. In the Owyhee District there are very rich deposits of silver ores. There are also several other rich silverbearing claims in the vicinity, though the mines of Idaho consist mainly of auriferous quartz, of which there are great quantities that will yield by the most cheap and expeditious modes of working from $20 to $30 to the ton. The abundance of these ores and the ample supplies of wood and water in the vicinity of the principal mines, give indications that the mineral product of this territory will be steadily and rapidly increased. Gold and Silver. The entire deposits of gold from this territory, at the mint of the United States and branches to June 30, 1868, amounted to $14,162,970.07; silver, 236,731.29. Bank. There is one National Bank, with a capital of $100,000. 43. INDIAN TERRITORY. Capita, Tahlequah. Area, 68,991 square miles. Population, (1860), 9,761. The Indian Territory lies west of the MIississippi River, west of the State of Arkansas, and north of Texas. It forms part of the Louisiana purchase of 1803. It embodies a tract of country set apart by the Government of the United States as a permanent home for the aboriginal tribes removed thither from east of the Mississippi River, as well as those native to the territory. The United States exercise no authority over them excepting in certain crimes perpetrated by them against the whites. For this purpose the Indian Territory is annexed to the Judicial Districts of the adjoining states, (viz.: to Arkansas and Missouri), that the Indians may be tried and punished by the United States Circuit and District-Courts when sitting in these districts. They are allowed to live under their own laws, follow their own customs, and indulge in their own modes of life. The land has been ceded to the Indians, each tribe owning the portion allotted to it by the United States. During the late war, many of the Indian tribes took part with the Confederate states against the government. After the termination of the war, several of the tribes sought to make terms with the United States government, and expressed a desire to return to their homes. A commission was appointed to confer with the Indians, and treaties were concluded with several of the tribes, but peace and harmony hlave not yet been entirely secured. 496 [1s69. INDIAN TERRITORY. CHARACTER OF THE COUNTRY. A vast barren tract, generally known as the Great American Desert, occupies the north-west portion of the territory. The remainder spreads out, for the most part, into undulating plains of great extent. Some parts of the territory are broken or mountainous. There are large numbers of wild animals, the principal of which are buffaloes, wild horses, deer, and prairie dogs. A portion of the Indian tribes have become partially civilized, have schools, churches, and a regular form of government. 44. MONTANA TERRITORY. Capital, Virginia City. Area, 143,776 square miles. Population, (1868), 60,000.* This territory was settled by emigrants from other states, and organized under an act of Congress approved May 26, 1864. It was formed principally from the north-eastern part of Idaho as organized in 1863. It embraces the head sources of the Missouri river, lying east of the Rocky Mountains, and of the north branch of the Columbia, lying west of these mountains and north of the Bitter Root mountains. Its boundaries are as follows: Commencing at a point formed by the intersection of the 27th degree of longitude west from Washington, with the 45th degree of north latitude; thence due west on said 45th degree to a point formed by its intersection with the 34th degree west from Washington; thence due south along said 34th degree of longitude to its intersection with the 44th degree and 30 minutes of north latitude; thence due west along said 44th degree and 30 minutes of north latitude to a point formed by its intersection with the crest of the Rocky Mountains; thence following the, crest of the Rocky Mountains northward till its intersection with the Bitter Root Mountains; thence northward along the crest of said Bitter Root Mountains to its intersection with the 39th degree of longitude west from Washington; thence along said 39th degree of longitude northward to the boundary line of the British possessions; thence eastward along said boundary to the 27th' degree of longitude west from Washington; thence southward along said 27th degree to the place of beginning. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor.......................GREEN CLAY SMITH...........Virginia City.............$2,500 Secretary.......................JAMES TUFTS..................Virginia City..............2,000 Treasurer..................... W. J. BURELEY................Virginia City.....$700 and fees. Auditor.......................W. H. RODGERS............... Virginia City......700 Atto?ney Geeral............... GEo. M. PINNEY...............Virginia City......200 Sec. Board of Agrictltetere.... W. E. CULLEN..................Helena............700 " Sutpt. of Public Instruction...... T. J. CAMPBELL.................Virginia City.... 700 Adjutant General...............MosEs VEULE..................Virginia City...... JUDICIARY. The Judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court and Probate Courts. The Supreme Court is composed of one Chief Justice and two Associate Justices. There is a Probate Court in each county but one. This court has civil jurisdiction in all cases where the amount in controversy is less than $2,500. The laws exempt homesteads worth $3,000, farming tools and seeds to farmers, and are eq(ually liberal to other occupations. 32 ~~~~~* Esi~ctmated. 18;g.] 497 32 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. SUPREME COURT. Chief Jutice, H. L. Hosmer, Virginia City. Associate Justics, H. Knowles, Deer Lodge; Lyman E. Munson, Helena. Salary, $3,500 each. TERMS OF SUPREME COURT. At Madison, 1st Monday in April, June, September, and November. At Gallatin, 1st Monday of May and October. At Beaver Head, 1st Monday of January, May, and November. At Missoula, 2d Monday of June and October. At Edgerton, 2d Monday of April, August, and November. FINANCES. Balance on hand Nov. 10, 1866, - - -. $283.87 Receipts from County Treasurers, - - - - - - 56,236.63 Total, - - - - - - - - -. - $56,620.50 Payments for year ending November, 1867, - - - - 56,346.10 Balance in Treasury, November, 1867, - - - - - - - $274.40 EXPENDITURES FOR 1867. Payment on account of salaries of Territorial officers....................................$875.00 Payment as per appropriation for transportation.......................................... 500.00 Payment to Governor as per apportionment........................................... 400.00 Commissions on disbursements.......................................................... 889.73 Territorial warrants paid and canceled.................................................. 53,231.37 Miscellaneous.......................................................................... 450.00 PUBLIC DEBT. Outstanding warrants, November 10, 1867, - $52,538.25 Amount of warrants issued from Nov. 10, 1866, to Nov. 1, 1867, 58,248.22 Total,- - - -. - - - - - -. - $110,786.47 Amount of warrants paid and canceled from Nov. 10, 1866, to Nov. 2, 1867, - - - - - - - - - - 53,231.37 Total indebtedness of the Territory of Montana, November, 1867, 57,555.10 EDUCATION. The administration of the Public School System is in the hands of a Superintendent of Public Instruction. This officer reports annually to the Governor, by whom the facts communicated are submitted to the territorial Legislature. County superintendents have charge of the schools and the local administration of the system. The returns have been very imperfect and exhibit no important facts in regard to schools, except in Edgerton and Madison counties. In the former, at the close of the year 1867, there were 1;920 persons between 4 and 21 years of age; 3 school districts had been organized, and $3,541.02 raised for the support of schools, of which $2,316.69 had been paid out. In Madison county, there were 8 districts. In the 1st District (Virginia City), a school was organized with two teachers, and maintained six months, at an expense of $2,168.25. The whole number of pupils attending was 224, with an average attendance of 124. 498 [1869. MONTANA TERRITORY. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. Since the organization of this territory in 1864, immigration has been steadily and rapidly increasing its population. During the year 1867, more than forty steamers arrived at Fort Benton with passengers and freight, and "a large number of persons from the Eastern states and from California and Oregon reached the territory by overland routes. The population has not been definitely ascertained, but it was estimated at 60,000 in 1868. The vote in 1867, was 12,000. The office of Surveyor General in the territory of Montana was created by act of Congress, approved March 2, 1867, and surveys commenced as soon after as was practicable. The place selected as the initial point of the surveys, was the summit of a limestone hill, about 12 miles south-west of the junction of the three forks of the Missouri river. The base and meridian lines from this point run through the principal valleys east of the mountains. The land in the valleys is very fertile, yielding good crops when cultivated. 166,340 acres were under cultivation in 1867, producing fair crops of wheat and other grains. Several large fiouring mills have been erected, and are doing a good business. The chief obstacle to successful agriculture is the necessity of irrigation, but the great extent of rich grazing lands affords excellent facilities for stock raising. Timber and building materials are found in nearly all portions of the territory. In mineral wealth, recent discoveries indicate that Montana will equal the most favored regions. Silver lodes of astonishing richness have been discovered, and much capital has been invested in building mills and furnaces for their development. The first silver mines discovered were on Rattle Snake Creek, opposite the town of Argenta. About the same time, silver was found on Prickly Pear Creek, and in other places in the western part of the territory. Great activity has been manifested in developing the lodes and in building mills. The first placer mines were discovered in 1862, on the Hell Gate River. The product of these mines and of others discovered that year and the next was so good that an impetus was given to mining operations, which has resulted in the rapid development of the placer diggings and the extraction of a large amount of gold dust. Most of the placer mines are on the headwaters of the Missouri, Columbia and Yellow Stone rivers, within the parallels of 45' and 47~ and between longitude 33' and 37~ west from Washington. The product of these mines in 1867 was estimated at $20,000,000. A large amount of money has been expended in the construction of ditches and preparations for future operations. A gold-bearing lode was first discovered at Bannock, in 1862; this was followed by other discoveries in that vicinity; since that time a large n'umber of quartz lodes have been taken up and opened in different parts of the territorv; some of these are very rich. The quartz is easily worked and yields largely, and much capital has been invested in mining enterprises. Several companies have been organized, and mills and machinery have been broughlt in and put in operation. 18se.] 499 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Coal has been found on the Big Hole river, about sixty miles from Bannock City; on the east side of the Madison river; and at Summit District, near Virginia City. These mines are bituminous, and the seams do not exceed three or four feet in width, as far as known. Coal also exists on the head of the Yellowstone river. Brown coal, or lignite, is found in great quantities on the banks of the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers, valuable as common fuel, bat of no great value for manufacturing purposes. It is also found on the head waters of the Seton and Marias rivers, branches of the Missouri. Lead ores occur in profusion, both as galenas and as carbonate of lead, in nearly all districts of the territory. These will not be worked at present, except when accompanied by silver. All the galenas are so accompanied, and generally in paying quantities of the latter metal. Copper lodes are abundant, showing at the surface ores ranging fiom 15 to 60 per cent. of metallic copper. These when located near the Missouri river may be immediately made profitable. The distance of this territory from the older states and commercial cities and the great expense of freight are serious obstacles to the full development of its resources. Assessed Value of Property, 1867. Number of acres of land under cultivation, 166,340; value, $314,578; 822 town lots, valued at $827,919; capital employed in merchandise, $1,102,547; money and credits, $546,502; valuation of horses, $171,217; mules and asses, $221,488; oxen, $549,794; cows and calves, $255,072; sheep, $15,430; swine, $48,334; clocks, watches, etc., $42,959; all other property not enumerated, $758,698; making a total of $6,308,118. Bamnk There is one National Bank, with a capital of $200,000. 45. NEW MEXICO. Capital, Santa Fe. Area, 121,201 square miles. Population, (1860), 83,009. New Mexico was early settled by the Spaniards. It remained a Mexican province until conquered from Mexico and ceded to the United States by the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo, Feb. 2, 1848. It was constituted a territory, with a portion of Upper California and Texas, Sept. 9, 1850. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. Governor.......................ROBERT B. MITCHELL......... Santa Fe............. $3,000 Secretary.......................HERM.AN H. HEATH..............................2,000 Purveyor of Public Funlds......BENJAMIN C. CUTTER.............................3,000 Supt. of Indian Affairs.........L. E. WEBB......................................2,000 The above officers are appointed by the President. The legislative power of the territory is vested in the Governor and a Legislative Assembly composed of a Council and House of Representatives. The Council consists of 13 members, chosen by the people for two years, and the House of 26 members, elected annually. JUDICIARY. The judicial power of the territory is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, appointed by the [1869. 500 NEW MEXICO TERRITORY. President of the United States, who hold their offices during a period of four years. One term of the Supreme Court is held annually at the seat of the Territorial Government. For District Court purposes, the territory is divided into three districts, in each of which one of the Justices of the Supreme Court holds the sessions. The Supreme and District Courts lhave Chancery as well as common law jurisdiction. EDUCATION. According to the census report of 1860, there were in this territory, 1 college, with 170 students; 17 public schools, with 235 pupils, and 2 academies, with 110 pupils. In 1866, out of a population of 93,516, there were 57,233 persons who could not read or write, and there were no free schools in the whole territory, except those taught by the Sisters of Charity, from the bounty of the Roman Catholic Church. The Spanish is the invariable dialect used or spoken. The proceedings of the Senate and House are carried on in this tongue, but are also printed in English. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population of New Mexico is of a mixed character, but composed mostly of domesticated nomad Indians, with an intermixture of Mexicans, Spanish and Americans. Much of the territory is sterile, and irrigation is necessary to successful agriculture, but in the valleys of the Rio Grande and other streams, there is a fair proportion of good soil, both for grazing and tillage. Horses, mules, cattle, and sheep can graze all winter. Wheat, Indian corn, potatoes, and some other vegetables, are successfully grown. Fruits are produced in abundance. The hilly region has a luxuriant growth of pine, oak and cedar, and, along the streams and in the bottom lands, cotton-wood and willow are common. Gold, silver and copper mines are numerous and valuable. The Pinos Altos Mining Company has a quartz-crushing mill of fifteen stamps in operation at the town of Pinos Altos. The quartz worked by it is taken from the Pacific lode, and yields from $80 to $150 of gold per toln. The cost of mining and delivering the ore at the mill is estimated at $8.50 per ton, and of reducing it, and separating the gold, at $3. Numerous veins of silver ore have been discovered in the Sandia, Manzano, San Andros, Mimbres, and Organ mountains. The greater part of the goldbearing quartz in New Mexico yields also more or less silver, which promises ultimately to be the leading mining interest in this section of the Rocky mountains. Copper seems to be a universal accompaniment of the precious metals in this section; traces of it are found in most of the veins of gold and silver ore. Lodes and deposits of copper ore are reported to have been discovered in the Taos, Jemez, Sandia, and Mimbres mountains. Veins of bituminous coal have been found in the Raton, Sandia, and Jemez mountains, near the Puerco river, west of Albuquerque, and in the vicinity of Forts Craig, Stanton, Selden, and Bayard. Anthracite coal of a superior quality is also found near the Galisteo creek, about twenty miles south from 1 s C,.9. ] 501 THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK AND REGISTER. Santa Fe. Lead and iron are very common minerals throughout the territory. Much of the lead has sufficient per centage of silver to pay for its separation; but as yet there is little domestic demand for lead, and the cost of transportation to a foreign market would consume it; there is, therefore, none mined or smelted. Almost the entire amount of salt used in New Mexico is obtained from salt lakes on the plain, 50 to 60 miles east of the Rio Grande. The salt, crystallized by the evaporation of the water by the sun, is deposited upon the bottom of the lake, forming a crust several inches thick, and is shoveled thence directly into the wagons, and dried by the sun. There are some impurities mixed with it, which give it a dark appearance, but when leached, or washed, it becomes white as snow. The supply seems inexhaustible. 46. UTAH TERRITORY. Capital, Great Salt Lake City. Area, 88,056 square miles. Population, (1860), 40,273. Utah was originally a part of Upper California. It was ceded to the United States by treaty with Mexico in 1848, and erected into a territory, Sept. 9, 1850. It was occupied mostly by wandering tribes until settled by the Mormons in 1847. After their expulsion from their settlement of Nauvoo, in Illinois, they emigrated to this territory, and having located on the borders of the Great Salt Lake, assumed a provisional form of government, and gave to their territory the name of the State of Deseret. In 1850, this form of government was surrendered, and the name of the territory changed to Utah. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. APPOINTED FROM. SALARY. Governor.......................CHARLES DURKEE..............wisconsill......$2,500 Secretary of Territory..........EDWIN HIIGGaINS................Michigan....... 1,800 U. S. Attorney............. CHARLES HEMPSTEAD..........California...... 2,500 and fees. The Governor and Secretary are appointed by the President of the United States for a term of four years. The Legislative Assembly is composed of a Council and House of Representatives and convenes annually at Great Salt Lake City, on the 2d Monday in December. Term of session, forty days. The Council is composed of 13 members elected for two years. The House of Representatives is comnposed of 26 members, elected annually, on the 1st Monday in August. The compensation of members and officers is $3.00 per day and mileage-$3.00 for every 20 miles of travel. JUDICIARY. The judicial power of the territory is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court consists of one Chief Justice and two Associate Justices. The territory is divided for judicial purposes into three judicial districts, in each of which a regular term of the Supreme Court is held every year. In the First District, at Monti, San Pete county, on the 3d Monday in October. In the Second District, at St. George, Washington county, on the 1st Monday in February. In the Thired DVstrit, at Great Salt Lake City, on the 2d Monday in March. [1869. 502 UTAH TERRITORY. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, John Wilson of Illinois. Associate Justices, Enos D. Hoge of Utah Territory; Thomas J. Drake of Michigan. Clerk, W. J. Appleby, Great Salt Lake City. Salaries of Judges, $2,500 each. FINANCES. We have failed to receive the last report of the Auditor or Treasurer of Utah, but we learn from Gov. Durkee's message in 1868, that the territory is entirely free from indebtedness. EDUCATION. The University of Deseret is the principal educational institution in the territory. Congress has granted certain avails of town sites, for the purpose of establishing a school fund, but no regular system of public school education is yet in operation. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population in 1867 was nearly 120,000. It is composed mostly of a religious sect who style themselves Latter Day Saints, and are popularly known as Mormons. A high and rugged spur of the Rocky Mountains, generally designated the Wasatch Range, though in places known as the Bear and Uinta Mountains, traverses the territory from north to south. At the base of these mountains, on the west, lies Great Salt Lake and the chain of valleys stretching southward for 200 miles. The largest streams are the Green and Grand rivers, which unite and form the Colorado. The general character of the territory is that of mountain and desert. The arable land is not equal in extent to that of the territories lying north of it, but the valleys are fertile and produce some good timber, as do the slopes of the mountains. The melting of the snow in the mountains affords in ordinary seasons, sufficient water to irrigate the valleys. The summers are very warm and dry; the winters mild and open. The soil, which, to a great extent, is formed of the mountain washings, consists principally of a gravelly loam, and is well adapted to the growth of cereals. Wheat is the great staple product of the territory. In good seasons the average yield per acre is about forty bushels. Oats, barley, rye, and flax are cultivated with success; all kinds of vegetables grow large and of a superior quality. In Washington county, in the southern part of the territory, large fields of cotton are cultivated. Apples, pears, peaches, apricots, grapes and currants are produced in great abundance, and of superior quality. Timber is scarce, and, being found only in the mountains, is difficult to obtain. As a consequence, houses are costly and rents are proportionately high. This territory possesses great advantages for the raising of stock. Horses, cattle and sheep are usually healthy. During the summer months, they are herded in large droves on the open plains, with but trifling expense; while in winter they are easily kept, with a little care and attention. In addition to flouring and other mills necessary for the support of the territory, woolen and cotton factories are being established in different parts 1869.] 503 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. of the country for home supplies. Great Salt Lake City being near the surrounding mining districts of Montana, Idaho and Nevada, a ready market is afforded forall the surplus products of the soil. The most important buildings in this city are the temple and the tabernacle. The temple block is forty rods square, and contains ten acres. The entire length of the temple is one hundred and eighty-six and a half feet, including towers, and the width ninety-nine feet. On the east or front end, there are three towers, and corresponding to these are three towers on the west or rear end. The north and south walls are eight feet thick, clear of pedestal. The basement of the main building is divided into many apartments, by walls all resting on broad footings. There are four towers, one at each corner of the building, cylindrical in shape, seventeen feet in diameter, within which stairs ascend, five feet wide, with landings at the various sections of the building. The whole house covers an area of 21,850 square feet. The massive blocks of stone on which the foundations of the temple are built, are granite, hauled a distance of nearly twenty miles. The Mormon tabernacle, built for the use of the immense Mormon congregations which meet every Sunday to hear preaching, stands on the temple block, west of the temple. It is oval in shape, two hundred and eighty-two feet long by one hundred and thirty-two wide in the clear. The height from floor to ceiling is sixty-five feet. Running lengthwise of the building are forty-four pillars, averaging fourteen feet in height and three feet thick. The entire tabernacle consumed one and a half million feet of lumber in the building. The institutions of the country have been principally under the control of the Mormons. Bank. There is one National Bank, with a capital of $150,000. 47. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. Capital, Olympia. Area, 69,994 square miles. Population, (1863), 12,519. This territory was settled by emigrants firom the Northern and Western States. It was taken from the northern part of Oregon, "being all that portion of territory lying and being south of the 49th degree of north latitude, and north of the middle ofthe main channel of the Columbia river from its mouth to where the 46th degree of north latitude crosses said river near Fort Wallah Wallah, thence east to Snake river; being bounded on the north by the straits of Juan de Fuca and British America, on the east by the territory of Idaho, on the south by Oregon, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean." It was organized as a territory, March 2, 1853. GOVERNMENT. OFFICE. NAME. RESIDENCE. SALARY. G0orernor -.....................MARSHALL F. MOORE O.........Olympia...... $3,000 ecretary of State.................... E. L. SMITH.................. Olympia...... 2,000 Treasurer.......................... B. F. IIARNED................Olympia...... Fees. Auditor............................ J. M. MURPHY................ Olympia...... 500 and fees. U. S. Attorney...................... LEANDER HOLMES............ Vancouver.... 250 and fees. The Governor and Secretary are appointed by the President of the United States, and the Auditor and Treasurer are chosen under territorial authority. 504 [1869. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. The Legislative Assembly consists'of the Council and House of Representatives, and convenes annually on the 1st Monday in December. The Council is composed of nine members, elected for three years, and the House of Representatives is composed of thirty members, elected for one year. JUDICIARY. The Judicial power of the territory is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, who hold their offices during a term of four years. One term of the Supreme Court is held annually at the seat of the territorial Government, commencing on the 1st Monday in January. For District Court purposes, the territory is divided into three judicial districts, in each of which one of the Justices of the Supreme Court holds the sessions. The Supreme and District Courts have chancery as well as common law jurisdiction. For each of these districts, a territorial Prosecuting Attorney is elected by the people for a term of two years, who receives a salary out of the territorial treasury of $200 per annum and his fees. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT. Judge, C. C. Hewitt, Olympia. Mlarshal, Wmn. Huntington, Cowlitz. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, C. C. Hewitt, Olympia. Associate Justices, B. F. Dennison, Port Townsend: J. W. Wyche, Walla Walla. Salaries of Judges, $2,500 each; of Marshal, $250 and fees. TERMS OF DISTRICT COURTS. First District, at Walla Walla, on the 4th Monday in April and 2d Monday in October. Second District, at Vancouver, Clarke county, on the 4th Monday in May and 2d Monday in November. Third District, at Olympia, Thurston county, on the 1st Monday in February and 3d Monday in July. 4 District Courts for the transaction of territorial btlsiness are held at Steilacoom, Pierce county, on the 4th Monday in February and 3d Monday in August; Port Townsend, Jefferson colnty, on the 2(1 Monday in March and 1st Monday in September; Pinkney City, S)pokane county, on the 2d Monday in June; and in the Third Judicial District, for hearing and disposing of Admiralty and Maritime cases, at Olympia, on the 1st Monday of every month except February, July, and September; at Port Townsend, on the 2d Monday in March and 1st Monday in September. EDUCATION. An act incorporating the "University of the territory of Washington" was approved January 24, 1862. The term of office of the regents is three years, and three are elected by the Legislature each year. The general Government has donated to the territory for the endowment of the university, 46.080 acres of unoccupied land, which, it is believed, will create a fund of not less than $75,000. The university buildings are located at Seattle, King county. In 1860, according to the United States census, there were 46 public schools, with 879 pupils, $16,176 income, of which $5,957 was from taxation, 6 academies, with 159 pupils and $7,800 income. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. The population in 1864 was estimated at 14,000, and in 1868, at 30,000. The Cascade mountains divide the territory into the eastern and western 1869.] 505 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. sections which differ from each other in climate, soil and natural and culti vated products. Although occupying higher latitude than Oregon, the climate of the western section is very similar to that state. It is said to resemble also the climate of England, in the amount of rain fall, as well as in the range of the thermometer throughout the year. Properly speaking, there are but two seasons, the dry and the rainy. The grades of temperature and the accompaniments which, in other countries of the same high latitude, are usually associated with the four seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter, are here in great measure obliterated, or at least so dimly marked that the seasons imperceptibly run into each other, and lose their distinctive line of division. It is not unusual for the three winter months to be mild, without snow or ice, the grass growing meanwhile. The rainy season proper begins late in October or early in November, and may be said to continue till the ensuing April. It frequently happens after the first rains that weeks of weather similar to Indian summer occur, and it is seldom that one or the other of the months of January, February or March does not prove continuously mild and clear. The summers of this territory are unsurpassed in the world. While many days are exceedingly warmi, the nights are always cool and refreshing, as if specially intended for wholesome sleeping. The western section has an average width between the ocean and the Cascade mountains of 100 miles, and contains about 11,000,000 acres. The products of this section are like those of the Willamette valley. All the cereals, Indian corn excepted, succeed admirably, the wheat crops being equal to those of the very best wheat-growing countries. In fruits, the apple, pear, cherry, plum, strawberry, raspberry, gooseberry, blackberry, and currant, yield abundantly. The grape succeeds with little trouble. The land in the valleys is generally excellent, and west of the Cascade mountains, of extraordinary fertility. Much not tillable is first rate for grazing, and all kinds of stock thrive in either section of the territory. In the western part, but little dry fodder is prepared, as the pasturage usually continues through the winter. East of the Cascade mountains, the country is generally unoccupied, the settlements being confined to several excellent valleys, as the Walla Walla, Colville, Yakama, Columbia, and Palouse valleys. Walla Walla valley contains over a million acres of arable land, producing in abundance, grains, fruits and vegetables, with a population of over two thousand, enjoying a high degree of prosperity as a community, and making rapid progress in agriculture and manufactures. The Colville, Yakama, Columbia and Palouse valleys possess much excellent land, adapted to the cultivation of products similar to those raised west of the Cascade range. In all these valleys except the Palouse, considerable tracts have been surveyed. The extent of grazing tract in these valleys and in the hill country surrounding each, is large. The extensive forests of pines, firs and cedars covering the Coast and Sierra mountains in California, and the Coast and Cascade in Oregon, extend into Washington, covering a large portion of the territory west of the Cascade mountains, the forest increasing in density and in amount of lumber growing upon an acre of ground in its northern part. Fir trees two hundred 506 [1869. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. and fifty and three hundred feet high, and six and seven feet in diameter, are not at all uncommon. Masts for ships may readily be obtained, straight, and without knots for more than 100 feet. Some of the mills on Puget sound have capacity to turn out, daily, 100,000 feet of lumber, and the present export of the sound in prepared lumber, masts and spars, amounts in value to over one and a half millions of dollars annually. Exports are made to San Francisco, the Sandwich Islands, China, Japan, the Mexican and South American ports on the Pacific, and even to the South American ports on the Atlantic, and masts and spars are sent to France. Timber, although scarcer on the east side of the mountains than on the west, is nevertheless sufficient for all the purposes of domestic use, and in some portions sufficiently abundant for exportation in large quantities. Gold has been found on the Columbia river and in the northeastern part of the territory, and mines have been worked about Port Colville, though not with great profit. The appearance of veins and out-croppings of coal in almost every section of the territory west of the Cascade mountains, indicates its very general distribution and inexhaustive supply. It is found on the Columbia, upon streams flowing directly into the Pacific, and it appears near the straits of Fuca. It is found in exhaustless fields back of Seattle, then upon the Sto-lu-ana-mah, and at Bellingham Bay in the extreme north. The fishing interest is destined to hold a prominence in the future com merce of the territory. Salmon of the finest kind, cod, halibut, and other fish are taken in its waters, and exist in quantities sufficient to meet the demands of the most extensive trade. The commercial facilities are good. The straits of Juan de Fuca and the gulf of Georgia, lying south and east of Vancouver island, extend into the territory and ramify into numerous straits, bays, inlets, sounds and estuaries, free from rocks and of depth suffi cient for the largest vessels; numerous bends are common, where the most perfect protection may be found against winds or waves. Puget sound has an average width of two miles, a depth never less than eight fathoms, and runs inland in a southern direction one hundred miles fiom the straits of Fuca. Hood's canal, twelve miles farther west, with an average width of one mile, and an equal depth with Puget sound, runs sixty miles in a southwest direction. The Columbia courses through more than seven hundred miles, for the greater part of which it is navigable. Snake river, during one-half of the year, is navigable to Lewiston, and the waters of the sound furnish navigation of many hundred miles at all seasons. The trade of the country, by way of Co luminbia river, is carried up by steamers regularly plying to White Bluffs, seventy miles above Wallula, which is situated at the mouth of the Walla Walla river, twelve miles south of the confluence of the Snake river with the Columbia river. The quantity of public lands to be disposed of in this territory is equal to about 41,600,000 acres. 1869.] 507 THiE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 48. WYOMING TERRITORY. On the organization of Montana Territory, and the limitation of Idaho to the districts west of the Rocky Mountains, a tract remained south of Montana, which, for want of public organization, was annexed to Dakota. This region, with small portions of Idaho and Utah, including in all about 88,000 square miles, was constituted a territory by an act of Congress, approved July 25, 1868. The boundaries established by this act are as follows: commencing at the intersection of 27~ longitude west from Washington with 45~ north latitude, and running thence west to 34~ west longitude, thence south to 41~ north latitude, thence east to 27~ west longitude, and thence north to the place of beginning. It has, on the north, Montana; on the east, Dakota and Nebraska; on the south, Colorado and a small portion of Utah; and on the west, Idaho and the northern part of Utah, and includes seven degrees of longitude and four degrees of latitude. GOVERNMENT. The act organizing the territory, provides that "The executive power and authority shall be vested in a governor, who shall hold his office for four years and until his successor shall be appointed and qualified, unless sooner removed by the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The governor shall reside within said territory, shall be conmmander-in-chief of the militia thereof, shall perform the duties and receive the emoluments of superintendent of Indian affairs, and shall approve all laws passed by the legislative assembly before they shall take effect, unless the same shall pass by a two-thirds vote, as provided in section six of the act." There is to be a secretary, who will reside in the territory and hold his office for four years, unless sooner removed by the President of the United States, with the consent of the Senate. The legislative power and authority of said territory is to be vested in the governor and legislative assembly. The legislative assembly will consist of a council and house of representatives. The council will consist of nine members, which may be increased to thirteen, whose term of service shall continue two years. The house of representatives will consist of thirteen members, which may be increased to twenty-seven, and whose term of service shall continue one year. The governor is to receive an annual salary of $2,000 as governor, and $1,000 as superintendent of Indian affairs, and the secretary an annual salary of $1,800. The members of the legislative assembly will be entitled to receive $4 each, per day, during their attendance at the session thereof, and $3 for every 20 miles travel in going to and returning from the said sessions, estimating the distance by the nearest traveled route. Every male citizen of the United States above the age of 21 years, and (including persons who shall have declared their intention to beoome citizens of the United States), who was a resident of the territory at the time of the passage of the act, is entitled to vote at all subsequent elections, 508 [18s9. and is eligible to hold any office in the territory. The legislative assembly can not at any time abridge the right of suffrage, or to hold office, on account of the race, color, or previous condition of servitude, of any resident of the territory: Provided, That the right of suffrage and of holding office shall be exercised only by citizens of the United States, and those who shall have declared on oath before a competent court of record their intention to become such, and shall have taken an oath to support the Constitution and Government of the United States. JUDICIARY. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, any two of whom constitute a quorum, and who hold a term at the seat of government of the territory annually. They hold their offices for four years, unless sooner removed by the President, with the consent of the Senate of the United States. The territory js divided into three judicial districts, and a district court is held in each of said districts by one of the justices of the Supreme Court, at such time and place as may be prescribed by law; and said judges, after their appointment, respectively, reside in the districts assigned them. The jurisdiction of the several courts herein provided for, both appellate and original, and that of the probate courts, and of the justices of the peace, is limited by law; the said Supreme and District Courts, respectively, possess chancery as well as common law jurisdiction, and authority for redress of all wrongs committed against the Constitution or laws of the United States or of the territory affecting persons or property. Each district court, or the judge thereof, appoints its clerk, who is also the register in chancery, and keeps his office where the court is held. Writs of error, bills of exception, and appeals are allowed in all cases from the final decisions of said district courts to the Supreme Court, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law, but in no case removed to the Supreme Court is trial by jury allowed in said court. The Supreme Court, or the justices thereof, appoints its own clerks, and every clerk holds his office at the pleasure of the court for which he has been appointed. The Supreme and District Courts, and the respective judges thereof, may grant writs of hbeas corpus in all cases in which the same are grantable by the judges of the United States in the District of Columbia; and the first six days of every term of said courts, or so much thereof as is necessary, are appropriated to the trial of causes arising uinder the constitution and laws of the United States; and writs of error and appeals in all such cases are made to the Supreme Court of said territory, the same as in other cases. There is to be an attorney, who continues in office for four years, unless sooner removed by the President, with the consent of the Senate. There is also a marshal appointed for the territory, who holds his office for four years, unless sooner removed by the President, with the consent of the Senate, and who executes all processes issuing from the courts when exercising their 1869.] WYOMING TERRITORY. 509 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. jurisdiction as circuit and district courts of the United States. Salaries of Supreme judges, $2,500 each. The sum of one thousand dollars annually is appropriated for the incidental expenses of the'territory. CHARACTER OF THE COUNTRY. The Rocky Mountains pass through the western part of this territory in a diagonal direction from north-west to south-east. The Rattle Snake and Big Horn Mountains, also in the northern and western part, and the Black Hills in the eastern part, render much of the surface broken, but there are fertile valleys adapted to grain and grass which may be made quite productive when well cultivated. Important gold mines have been discovered in the valley of the Sweetwater, near the Wind river, and in some other localities. More than a hundred lodes have been located. The great mineral belt in which the mines are found, extends from Fremont's Peak south to the junction of Grand and Green rivers. There seems to be little doubt that the foot-hills of the Wind River Mountains are equally auriferous. A population of several hundred passed the winter in the vicinity of the mines; a newspaper has been started, and the evidences of civilization begin to be seen. The line of the Pacific Railroad crosses this territory; when completed, or within a few months, this road will afford excellent facilities for the transportation of produce and minerals, and enable immigrants to reach the territory more easily. It was estimated that there were at least 5,000 inhabitants around Fort Laramie and in the vicinity of the Pacific Railroad in 1868. 49. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Area, 55 square miles. Population, (1867), 126,990. The District of Columbia originally embraced an area ten miles square, situated on both sides of the Potomac, about 160 miles from its mouth, and at the head of tide-water. It was ceded to the General Government by the States of Maryland and Virginia in 1788-9; was accepted in 1790, and has been used since 1800 as a seat of government for the United States. That portion of the district lying west of the Potomac was retroceded to Virginia by an act of Congress, approved July 9, 1846. Since then, the district is limited to the county of Washington, east of the Potomac, within which are the cities of Washington and Georgetown. Each of these cities has a municipal government of its own, with power to lay and collect taxes for municipal purposes; but the district, as a whole, is subject to the exclusive legislation of Congress. JUDICIARY. The Supreme Court of the District of Columbia was established by act of Congress, approved March 3, 1863, when the former Circuit Court, District Court, and Criminal Court of the District were abolished. The Supreme Court consists of four Justices, (one of whom is designated the Chief Justice), appointed by the President of the United States, and who hold their [1869. 510 offices during good behavior. It has general jurisdiction in law and equity, and the Judges possess and exercise the powers and jurisdiction formerly possessed and exercised by the Judges of the Circuit Court of the distlict. Any one of the Judges may hold a District Court, with the same powers, etc., as other District Courts of the United States; and any one of the Judges may hold a Criminal Court for the trial of crimes and offenses committed within the district, with the same powers, etc., as the old Criminal Court. Any final judgment, order, or decree of the court may be reexamined, and reversed or affirmed in the Supreme Court of the United States, on writ of error or appeal. The Supreme Court of the district has appellate jurisdiction of all judgments of Justices of the Peace, and has power to remove said Justices of the Peace for cause. Three general terms of the court are held annually at Washington. SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Chief Justwe, David K. Cartter. Associate Justices, Abram B. Olin, George P. Fisher, Andrew Wylie. Clerk, Return J. Meigs. Marshal, D. S. Gooding. District Attorney, Edward C. Carrington. Salaries of Judges, $3,000 each. WASHINGTON.* T of Washington (at first known for a short period as Federal City) oam north-west to south-east, about four and a half miles, with a f about two and a half miles, and a circumference of fourteen le streets running north and south are designated by numbers, ng at North Capitol street and South Capitol street (which run south from the Capitol), and extending east and west to the boun The streets running east and west are designated by letters, beginlst Capitol street, and a line running west to the Potomac, opposite of the Capitol. These lettered streets read north and south to V. The avenues are named from the older states. The streets vary in m 70 to 100 feet, with one exception (K. street north), and the om 120 to 160 feet. The total area of avenues and open spaces is s, and of public reservations, exclusive of 10, 11, and 12, (since ther purposes), 513 acres. The whole area of squares is 131,684;r about 3,016 acres. was incorporated by an act of Congress, May 3, 1802, and is at vided into seven wards. The squares are numbered from north to smencing on the west and progressively extending towards the ighest numbers in the original survey being 1,146. When selected for a city, the grounds now included within the corporation were s improved farms, and devoted to the culture of corn, tobacco and he city of Georgetown, separated from Washington by Rock Creek, ally laid out under an act of the Colonial Assembly of Maryland, 15, 1771. It was incorporated as a town in 1789, and forms but one ward. * We are indebted to Hon. Henry Barnard, Commissioner of Education, Waterson's Guide to Washington, and the Congressional Directory, for a part of the facts relating to Washington. 1869.] DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 511 THiE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. CAPITOL-OTIIERI BUILDIGS. The Capitol fronts the east, and stands on a plateau ninety feet above the level of the Potomac, in latitude 38~ 55' 48" north and longitude 77~ 1' 48' west from Greenwich. The south-east corner-stone of the original building was laid on the 18th of September, 1793, by President Washington, aided by the freemasons of Maryland. It was constructed of sandstone from an island in Acquia creek, Virginia, painted white, under the direction of B. S. Hallett, and afterwards of B. H. Latrobe, architects. The north wing was finished in 1800 and the south wing in 1811, a wooden passage way connecting them. On the 24th of August, 1814, the interior of both wings was destroyed by British incendiaries, but they were immediately rebuilt. In 1818 the central portion of the building was commenced under the architectural superintendence of Charles Bulfinch, and the original building was finally completed in 1827. Its cost, including the grading of the grounds, alterations, and repairs, up to 1827, was $1,746,718.33. The corner-stone of the extension to the Capitol was laid on the 4th of July, 1851, by President Fillmore, Daniel Webster officiating as orator of the day. Thomas U. Walter was architect, and subsequently Edward Clark, under whose direction the work was completed in November, 1867. The material used for the extensions is white marble from the quarries at Lee, Massachusetts, with white marble colmuns from the quarries at Cockeysville, Maryland. The dome of the original central building was constructed of wood, but was removed in 1856 to be replaced by the present stupendous structure of cast-iron, which was completed in 1865. The entire weight of iron used is 8,009,200 pounds. The main building is three hundred and fifty-two feet four inches long in front and one hundred and twenty-one feet six inches deep, with a portico one hundred and sixty feet wide, of twenty-four columns on the east, and a projection of eighty-three feet on the west, embracing a recessed portico of ten coupled columns. The extensions are placed at the north and south ends of the main building, with connecting corridors, forty-four feet long by fifty-six feet wide, flanked by columns. Each extension is one hundred and forty-two feet eight inches in front, by two hundred and thirty-eight feet ten inches deep, with porticos of twenty-two columns each on their eastern fronts, and with porticos of ten columns on their ends and on their western fionts. The entire length of the building is seven hundred and fifty-one feet four inches, and the greatest depth, including porticos and steps, is three hundred and twenty-four feet. The area covered by the entire building is one hundred and fifth-three thousand one hundred and twelve square feet. The dome is crowned by a bronze statue of Freedom, modeled by Crawford, which is nineteen feet six inches high, and which weighs 14,985 pounds. The height of the dome above the base-line of the east firont is two hundred and eighty seven feet eleven inches; the height from the top of the balustrade of the building is two hundred and seventeen feet eleven inclhes; and 512 [1869. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. the greatest diameter at the base of the dome is one htmundred and thirty-five feet five inches. The rotunda is ninety-five feet six inches in diameter, and its height, from the floor to the top of the canopy, is one hundred and eighty feet three inches. The Senate chamber is one hundred and twelve feet in length, by eightytwo feet in width, and thirty feet in height. Its galleries will accommodate one thousand persons. The Representatives' Hall is one hundred and thirty feet in length, by ninety-tlhree feet in width, and thirty feet in height. The Supreme Court room was occupied by the Senate until December, 1860, the court having previously occupied the room beneath, now used as a law library. The other principal public buildings are,-The Executive Mansion; the Treasury Building; the War and Navy Departments; the Interior Department, in which is located the Patent Office, the General Post Office, the Agricultural Department, and the Smithsonian Institution. In addition to the above, there is a Navy Yard, a National Observatory, a National Printing Office, an Armory, an Arsenal, a Penitentiary, a Military Asylum, the Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, and a Hospital for the Insane, with several Churches, Hotels, Libraries, and Charitable establishments. The parks or open grounds of the city are spacious, generally kept with care, and to some extent interspersed with fountains and statues; and the place is amply supplied with pure water, brought about 12 miles, by an extensive aqueduct, from the Great Falls of the Potomac. The total number of buildings in November, 1867, was 23,095, of which.20,437 were used as dwellings; the other buildings may be classified as follows,-Government buildings, including the capitol and departments, 7; other government buildings and establishments, 6; Scientific institutions-Smithsonian Institution, Naval Observatory and Medical Museum, 3; asylums and homes for destitute, 8; hospitals, 11; soldiers' barracks, 20; police stations anrd offices, 9; city buildings-city hall and jail, 2; banks, 7; halls. 23; depots, 2. Places erected for religious worship-Baptist, 5; Baptist, colored, 3; Congregational, 1; German Lutheran, 1; Jewish Synagogue, 1; Methodist, 5; Methodist Episcopal, 3; Methodist Protestant. 2; Methodist (colored), 2; New Jerusalem, 1; Presbyterian, 5; Presbyterian (colored), 1; Protestant Episcopal, 4; Roman Catholic, 4; other Churches, 19; total, 57. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The principal charitable and penal institutions under the superintendence and direction of the Government are, the Hospital for the Insane, the Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, and the Jail. The Government Hospital for the Insane was established under authority of an act of Congress, March 3, 1855; its objects as declared in the act, are "the most humane care and enlightened curative treatment of the insane of the army and navy, and of the District of Columbia." All indigent insane residing in the district are entitled to its benefits. The Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind was established by a private corporation, but receives aid from the General Government. The Collegiate Department was organized in 1864; the act of Congress of 33 1869.] 513 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. March 2, 1867, made provision for the free entrance into this department of poor deaf mutes, from any of the states and territories. In view of the insecure and crowded condition of the jail, and its unfitness in every respect as a proper place of confinement, Congress has authorized the construction of a building of adequate dimensions. A location has been selected, and plans adopted. Government Hospital for the Insane. CHARLES H. NICHOLS, M. D., Superintendent. Number of patients under treatment, June 30, 1867, was-males, 188; females, 92; total, 280: number admitted during the year-males. 119; females, 33; total, 152, an excess over the last year of 43: number admitted from civil life, 82, an excess over last year of 33; number discharged, 76; of whom 63 were restored, 8 improved, 5 unimproved; number of deaths, 27; number remaining, June 30,1868, 344. Number treated since institution was opened. 1,464, of whom there were natives of this country, 1,145. Expenditures for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1838, $114,035.81. Columbia Institute for the Deaf and Dumb. EDWARD M. GALLAUDET, President. Number of pupils ininstitution, Oct. 28, 1867, 104; number of pupils admitted during the year, 22. Number of pupils in 1S67, in the college-jtjuniors, 4; sophomores, 5; freshmen. 7; in the preparatory class-males, 17; females, 1; total, 18; in the primary department-males, 50; females, 33; total, 83. United States Jail. We. H. HUESTIS, Warden. Number of commitments during 1866-7, 1,241. Crimes for which committed-murder, 10; assault with intent to kill, 52; assault and battery, 118; robbery, 29; burglary, 59; larceny, 702; horse stealing. 33; security to keep the peace, 60; obtaining money and goods under false pretences, 24; miscellaneous, 154. Daily average number of prisoners during the year, 86; number sent to Albany, 79; number sentenced to jail, 89; number in prison, Nov. 1, 1867, 113; of whom there were-men, white, 33; colored, 55; females-white, 9; colored, 9; boys-white, 1; colored, 6. Expenditures for year closing Nov 1, 1867, $30,736.48. POPULATION. The population of the District as returned by the United States Census at different periods, was as follows: White. Free ColoreL Slave. Total. Ino. perent. 1800.............10,066............ 783.......... 3,244..............14,093.............. 1810.............10,345............ 1,572............ 3,554..............15,471............. 70.46 1820.............16,467.......... 2,854............. 4,520..............23,841..............37.53 180.............21.152............. 4,604.............4,505....................20.57 1840.............23,925............. 6,499.............3,120..............33,544............. 9.74 1850.............37,941.............10,059.............3,687..............51687..............18.24 1860.............60,764.............11,131.............3,185.............75,080............. 45.26 The total population of the District of Columbia, as ascertained by the Commissioner of Education, November 11, 1867, was 126,990; of whom 44,803 were white males; 43,524 white females; 17,654 colored males; and 21,009 colored females. General total by sex-62,457 males, and 64,533 females, or very nearly 49.2 per cent. of the former and 50.8 per cent. of the latter. The total number of whites was 88,327, or 69.55 per cent., and of colored, 38,663, or 30.45 per cent. of the whole. The population may also be classified as follows: Civil Condition. Males-single, whites, 27,310; colored, 10.471: total, 37,781; femalessingle, whites, 23.838; colored, 11,610; total, 35,448; males-married, whites, 15.442; colored, 6,169; total, 21,611; females-married, whites, 15,189; colored, 6,500; total, 21,689; widowerswhites, 1,131 colored, 431; total, 1,562; widows-whites, 3,853; colored, 2,.319; total, 6,172. Of those reported unknow,n, there are 920 white males; 644 white females; 583 colored males; and 580 colored females. The number of white married pairs reported as living together in families, was 14,147; and of colored, 5,509. tlS69. 514 Place of Birth. Whites-District of Columbia, 33,536; Alabama, 39; Arkansas, 7; California, 58; Connecticut, 478; Delaware, 25t; Florida 41: Georgia, 97: Illinois, 192; Indiana, 237; Iowa, 74; Kansas, 19; Kentucky, 175; Louisiana, 124; Maine, 523; Maryland, 10,154; Massachusetts, 1,215; Michigan, 146; Minnesota, 33: Mississippi, 52; Missouri, 123; Nebraska, 18: Nevada, 1; New Hampshire, 400; New Jersey, 775; New York, 4,184; North Carolina, 129;; Ohio, 731; Oregon, 3 Pennsylvania, 4,575; Rhode Island, 130; South Carolina, 125; Tennessee, 147; Texas 46; Vermont, 429; West Virginia, 52: Wisconsin, 98: Territories, 16; total United States, 67,041. Argentine Republic, 2; Austrian Empire. 53; Belgium, 24: Brazil, 4 Chili, 2; Denmark, 25; East Indies (not specified), 8; Europe (not specified), 3; France, 212 Germany, 5,522; Greece, 1; England, 1.787; Scotland, 402; Wales, 30; Ireland, 9,147; British Cololnies, 272; total Great Britain and British Colonies, 11,638. Holland, 22; Italy, 192; Japan, 2; Mexico, 39; Nicaragula, 2; Portugal, 19; Russian Empire, 114; Spain and dependencies, 39; South America (not specified), 4; Sweden and Norway, 36: Switzerland, 131; Turkey, 2: West Indies (not specified), 13; total European, 17,757; total foreign, not European, 358; total foreign, 18,115. At sea, 30. Unknown, 3,141. Colored-District of Columbia, 10,552; Georgia, 105; Maryland, 10,006; North Carolina, 225; Pennsylvania, 130; South Carolina, 129; Virginia, 12,805; other states, 456; Africa, 4; other foreign countries, 86; unknown, 4,325. Voters. Persons claimed the right of voting as follows: in the District of Columbia(whites,) 13,294; colored, 6,648; in Alabama, 3; Arkansas, 1; California, 20; Connecticut, 66; Delaware, 22; Florida, 2; Georgia, 4; Illinois, 85; Indiana, 84; Iowa, 44; Kansas, 13; Kentucky, 22; Louisiana, 10; Maine, 85; Maryland, 537; Massachusetts, 159; Michigan, 59; Minnesota, 17; Mississippi, 2; Missouri, 26; Nebraska, 5; Nevada, 1; New Hampshire, 64; New Jersey, 113; New York, 773; North Carolina, 5; Ohio, 156; Oregon, 4; Pennsylvania, 783; Rhode Island, 4; Tennessee, 17; Vermont, 47; Virginia, 215; West Virginia, 11; Wisconsin, 45; Territories, 6; total United States, 23,452. Reported as disfranchised, 15. Employments. The number of persons employed by the Government of the United States. was reported as follows: As public officers, clerks, and in other literary and scientific employments, 3,762; as artizans and skilled laborers, 1,555 whites and 56 colored; in other capacities specified, 1,485 whites and 390 colored; in civil empl)loyments not otherwise described, 1,555 whites and 242 colored; as soldiers and military officers, 1,67;9 whites and 13 colored; in the military service, indefinite, 2,374 whites and 70 colored; as naval officers, 30; in the naval service, 650 whites and 51 colored; total, 12,690 whites and 822 colored; general total. 13,512. In the administration or service of the local governments, 342. In the learned professions, the numbers were reported as follows: Religion, 133; law, 193; medicine, 348: literature,. 70; art and music, 217; education, 488; science, 175; as students, 255; under instruction (including "students," and also numbers who have other occupations reported), 16 504. Entertaining and doinl personal service for man, 2,122 whites and 3,647 colored: Eingaged in trade and finance, 2,052 whites and 98 colored; possessing and working land, 440 whites and 245 colored; engaged about animals, 75 whites and 112 colored; engaged in art and mechanical productions, employing various matters in combination, 4,503 whites and 577 colored; working and dealing in textile fabliics and dress, 1,724 whites and 2,160 colored; working and dealing in articles of food and drink, 1,402 whites and 186 colored; working and dealing in animal substances, 32 whites and 12 coloied; working and dealing in vegetable substances, 140 whites and 51 colored; working and dealing in mineral substances, 1,492 whites and 283 colored; laborers and others not included in preceding, 2,460 whites and 3,956 colored. Persons under Instruction. The total number of persons reported as under instruction, including children in public, private, and family schools, and students in commercial schools, colleges, and theological institutions, was 16,505; of whom 6,555 were white males; 6,302 white females; 1,867 colored males; and 3,647 colored females. The whole number over 15 years of age unable to read, was-whites, American, 869; German, 132: Irish, 697; other nationalities, 62; total, 1,760. Number unable to write-Americans, 1,009; German, 151; Irish, 916; other nationalities, 58; total, 2,134. Number of colored persons over 15 years of age unable to read-Natives of,-District of Columbia, 1.578; Virginia, 6,138; Maryland, 3,601; other states, 321; total, 11.638. Number unable to write-Natives of,-District of Columbia, 1,838; Virginia, 6,141: Maryland, 4,238; other states, 348; total, 12.565. Families. The number of~families reported in the District is 23,495; of which, 7,241 are composed entirely of colored persons. The total number in Washington is 20,07'3; in Georgetown, 2,054; and in the remainder of the District, 1,368. The average number of persons in a family is 5.28 in Washington, 5.74 in Georgetown, 6.68 in the county, and 5.40 in the entire district. 1869.] DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 515 50. NEW YOlK CITY Area of Manhattan Island, 13,920 acres. Population of the City, (1865), 726,386. [The following condensed account of the municipal organization, institutions, corporations and wealth of New York City may serve to convey to a stranger some idea of the metropolis of the country.] GOVERNMENT, 1869. Mayor.......................A. OAKEY HALL. Compltrller.......... RICHARD B. CONNOLLY. Corporation COUseel.....RICHARD O'GORMAN..Street Comnmnissioner....GEORGE W. MCLEAN. City Jilge........ GL-NING S. BEDFORD, JR. COUnity Clerk.............:CHARLES E. LOEW. Distict Atto.ney...............S. B. GARYIN. Sheriff......................JAMES O'BRIEN. Register.................MICHAEL CONNOLLY. Recorder.........J.....JOH K. HACKETT. BOARD OF ALDERMEN. 1st District...................JOHN MOORE. lOtA District................THOMAS CONNOR. 2d 1"...................THOMAS COMAN. 11th...................JOHN HARDY. 3d.....MICHAEL NORTON. 12th..............FREDERICK REPPER. 4th "..................EDWARD CUDDY. 13th."..............JAMES E. COULTER. 5th "....................EUGENE WARD. 14th "...............GEORGE MCGRATH. 6th "............... HUGH O'BRIEN. 15th "........................ Vacant. 7A "...............WILLIAM B. WHITE. 16th "............... TERENCE FARLEY. 8th "................ANTHONY MILLER. 17th.................JOHN MCQUADE. 9th'...........DON ALONZO CUSHMAN. BOARD OF ASSISTANT ALDERMEN. 1t District....................JAMES HEALY. 12th District................THOMAS F. DALY. 2dt'...............PATRICK LYSAGHT. 13th "................ PATRICK GIBNEY. 3d..............JAMES A. MONAGHAN. 14th "...................... JOHN REILLY. 4th ".....................BRYAN REILLY. itShI 1...............AUSTIN V. PETTIT. ~5th...................ISAAC ROBINSON. 16th "...........NICHOLAS HAUGHTON. 6th............. LAWRENCE E. HILL. tAh "............GEORGE W. CREGIER. 7th "..................JOHN HAMPSON. 18th "..............BERNARD O'NEILL. 8th "..............EDWARD WELCH. 19th "..........DAVID S. JACKSON, JR. 9th "............... PETER CULKIN. 20th "............JAMES CUNNINGHAM. lOth...........JOSEPH HOFFMAN, JR. 21st "..............STEPHEN ROBERTS. 11th "...........CHARLES C. PINCKNEY. BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. WILLIAM M. TWEED. ISAAC J. OLIVER. SMITH ELY, JR. ANDREAS WILLMAM. JAMES HAYES. HENRY SMITH. JOHN BRICE. WALTER ROCHE. ORISON BLUNT. JOHN Fox. GERSHON N. HERRMAN. ANDREW BLEAIRLEY. The city is divided into twenty-two wards, forming altogether seventeen Aldermanic districts, and from each district, an Alderman is elected. The Board of Assistant Aldermen is composed of twenty-one members, one member being elected from each assembly district. Each Board elects its own officers. The Board of Supervisors consists of twelve members, and has charge of all matters pertaining to the county of New York-the limits of which are identical with those of the city. The Commissioners of Charities and Correction are foqur in number, and have charge of the public hospitals, asylums and prisons in the city, and of the alms-houses, penitentiary, etc., on Blackwell's island and other islands in the vicinity. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTEi. 516 ~[1869. The Executive departments are: The Mayor's office; the Department of Finance, subdivided as follows, viz.: The Comptroller's office; Bureau of Taxes; of Arrears; of City Revenue; of County Accounts; of Deposit and Disbursement (under charge of the City Chamberlain). The Street Depalrtmeit, subdivided into the following bureaus, viz.: Collection of Assessments; Wharves; Lands and Places; Repairs and Supplies; Roads; Street Improvement; Lamps and Gas. The Croton Aqueduct Department, subdivided into the Bureau of Water Rents, and the Bureau of Pipes, Sewers, and Pavements. The Law Department comprises the Corporation Counsel, the Corporation Attorney, and the Public Administrator. The Executive County Officers are: The County Clerk; the Sheriff, assisted by an under Sheriff and twenty-two deputies; the Register; the Surrogate; four Coroners, assisted by four deputies; the Commissioner of Jurors; eight Commissioners of Emigration (including the Mayors of New York and Brooklyn, and the President of the Irish and German Emigrant Societies, Commissioners, ex-officio); the Tax Commissioners, three in numl)ber, with twelve deputies; the Bureau of Assessments, three Assessors, and the U. S. Loan Commissioners, two in number. The Commissioners of the Central Park are eight in number. They have the sole control and direction of matters pertaining to the Park. and hold their appointments during the pleasure of the State Legislature. The Metropolitan Police Department is in charge of four Commissioners, whose power extends over the whole metropolitan district which includes the counties of Nqw York, Kings, Westchester and Richmond, and the towns of Newtown, Flushing and Jamaica, in the county of Queens. The city proper is divided into thirty-two police precincts, each of which is in charge of a captain; and the city of Brooklyn into ten precincts; besides which there are eight special precincts, making fifty in all. The force has one superintendent, four inspectors, forty-five captains, 178 sergeants, 93 door-men, 72 special police, and 2,234 patrolmen-in all, 2,650 men. Included in this force is a Sanitary Squad, which acts under the directions of the Board of Health; and a squad detailed to each of the police courts. Fifty men, known as the Central Park police, are detailed to the Central Park, sixteen to the Atlantic Dock (Brooklyn), and six to Quarantine. There is also a Detective force, in charge of a Chief; a house for the detention of witnesses, in charge of a sergeant, and a River police (known as the 34th precinct), who are employed on a steamer which sails up and down the rivers. A force of eighteen surgeons is also attached to the Police Department. The total number of arrests made by the force in 1868, was 78,451. COURTS. The Police Courts are four in number, located at the Tombs, Essex Market, Jefferson Market, and Fifty-seventh street, near 3d avenue, at each of which there are two justices who alternate their labors weekly. There is also a Court of Special Sessions, for the trial of minor offences, at which two justices sit jointly, three days per week, at the Tombs. NEW YORK CITY. 1869.1 517 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The Criminal Courts of Record are the Oyer and Terminer, held by a Justice of the Supreme Court-the terms commencing on the first Monday in February, May, October and December; and the General Sessions, held nlonthly, by the City Recorder and City Judge, alternately. The prosecntions on behalf of the People are conducted by the District Attorney who has two assistants. The Civil Comurts are the Supreme Court (State), of five justices; Superior Court, six justices; Court of Common Pleas, three justices; Marine Court, three justices; and eight district courts for minor litigations, held by Justices of the Peace, the city being divided into eight districts for that purpose. The United States Courts sitting here are the Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York, and the District Court. There are also six U.S. Commissioners to hear preliminary examinations, etc.; U. S. District Attorney, and a U. S. Marshal. Fire Department. The Metropolitan Fire Department is in charge of four Commissioners. Its officers are a Chief Engineer, an Assistant Engineer, and thirteen engineers. The number of engines belonging to the department is 40 (steamers); of hook and ladder apparatuts, there are 15. Each engine company has a Foreman, assistant foreman, engineer of steamer, stoker, driver. and seven firemen; and to each hook and ladder company there are a Foreman, assistant foreman. driver. and nine firemen, making the total force of the department 679 men. An alarm telegrapl)h, in charge of a superintendent and 3 operators, is attached to this department. Board of Health. The Metropolitan Board of Health is composed of six Sanitary Commissioners, the Police Commissioners, and the Health Officer (in charge of the Quarantine). It has under its control, a Sanitary Superintendent, an assistant, fourteen sanitary inspectors, an engineer, two Registrars of Records, a Counsel, and an Attorney. A squad of police, known as the Sanitary company, consisting of a Captain, one sergeant and 34 patrolmen, also acts nilder its orders, and is charged with the duty of inspecting tenement houses, steam boilers, abatinlg nuisances, etc. The inspection of buildings throughout the city is in charge of a Superintendent, a deputy and 12 inspectors. No b)1ilding can be erected within the city limits unless the plan, so far as strength and safety are concerned, is approved by this department. The Croton aqueduct supplies the city with water. The total length of main pipes is 313 miles and 3,045 feet; the number of buildings used either as dwellings or for bulsiness purposes within the area of water distribution, is 66,925; the number of manufactories is 1,617; and of churches, 307. The aggregated collections of the Croton aqueduct department in 1868, were $1,819,544.26. EDUCATION, CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS, &c. The city is divided into seven school districts, in each of which are elected three Commissioners, the term of service of one in each district expiring annually. These commissioners make up the Board of Education, and legislate for the public educational interests of the city. Three Inspectors are also elected in each of the above districts, whose terms of service expire in the same manner as the commissioners. Six Trustees are elected in each ward, who have the immediate care and control of the public schools therein. There is also a city Superintendent of Public Schools, with three assistants. The ward schools are 55 in number; in addition to which there are 40. primary; seven colored schools, and two colored primary schools. The number of teachers (male and female) employed in the white schools is 2,118; in the colored schools, 44. There is one free college also located in the city, besides the University of the State of New York. The educational institlutions of a higher order, are-1 University; 5 Colleges, and 2 Theological Seminaries. The medical institutions, colleges and associations number 16. .518 (1869. Periodicals and Libraries. The number of periodicals in the city is 116; of which 21 are newspapers (17 of them daily), and 95 are magazines. There are 15 public libraries in the city. Churches. The total number of city churches is 331. Of these, there are Baptist, 30; Congregational, 7; Reformed Dntch, 17; Friends, 3; Jewish Synagogues, 28; Lutheran, 13; Meth. odist Episcopal, 43; African Methodist Episcopal, 4; Presbyterian, 56 (divided as follows: Orthodox, 43; United Presbyterian, 7; Associate Reformed Presbyterian, 1; Reformed Presbyterian, 5;) Protestant Episcopal, 64; Roman Catholic, 41: Unitarian, 4; Universalist, 3; Miscellaneous, 18. Charitable Institutions. The Public Hospitals are 14 in number, of which two are the property of, and supported by the city. Of asylums, "homes," etc., for the indigent, there are 37-11 of which are orphan asylums, 3 Catholic, 3 Episcopal, 1 Hebrew, 2 belongingto the city, 1 an independent charity, and 1 for colored children. There are 11 dispensaries in the city. Post Office. The Post Office Department includes, besides the general post office, 14 U.S. Mail stations in various parts of the city, and 308 carriers. There are 585 lamp-post boxes, collections of letters therefrom being made ten times a day. There are nine deliveries per day. There are about 7.000 boxes in the General Post Office in Nassau street. Revenue Officers. The U.S. Custom House has a Collect(or, one Deputy, eight Assistant Collectors, a Naval officer and three Assistants, a Surveyor and three Assistants. and a large number of inspectors, appraisers, watchmen, etc. There is also in the city an Assistant Treasurer, U.S. A-:-ay Office, and a U.S. Lighthouse Establishment. The city is divided into seven Internal Revenue districts, in each of which there is a Collector and an Assessor. The receipts for Internal Revenue in six of these districts for the six months ending December 31, 1868, were as follows: 4th District, $1,518.701.03: 5th District. $340,956.44; 6th District, $804.247.77; 7th District, $642.404.53; 8th District, $2,803,925.87; 32d District, $4,002,579.02; total for the six districts, $10,112,814.66. Military. The U.S. Military Department of the East has its headquarters at the corner of Houston and Greene streets. The sub-departments are the Quartermaster's, the Medical, the Pay Department, the Subsistence and Ordnance departments. The U. S. Navy Department has also a disbursing office in the city. Four brigades of infantry and artillery and one of'cavalry of the New York State National Guard, are located in the city, in charge of a Major General commanding. The first brigade comprises five regiments: the second, seven; the third, six; and the fourth, six; in all tweuty-four regiments, with a total force of about 20,000 men. There are two regular state arsenals and fourteen armories, used for drills and the keeping of arms and accoutrements. Banks. There are in the city 58 National Banks issuing circulating notes. Their aggregate capital is $73,059,700. Of State Banks there are 14. Aggregate capital, $10.382.500. Of Savings Banks, 28. The condition of the Banks October 5 1868, and January 4, 1869, was as follows: Liabilities Oct. 5. 1868. Liabilities Jan. 4, 1869. Comparisons. Capital...................... $84,020,200....... $84,003,616....... Decrease, $16,584 Net Profits.................. 30.336,059........ 29,477,170........ Decrease, 858,889 Circulation.............. — 34,947,002........35,110,641........Increase, 163,639 Due Banks.................. 57,250,341........ 57.567,349........Increase, 317,008 Due Depositors............. 152,439,713........ 146,913,413........Decrease, 5,526,300 Unpaid Dividends.......... 357,183........ 2,262,642........Increase, 1,905,459 Total...................$359,350,498 $355,334,831 Decrease, $4,015,667 Resources Oct. 5,1868. Resources Jan. 4, 1869. Comparisons. Loans and Discounts.......$189,140,262....... $18t,101,591........Decrease, $2,038,671 Stocks...................... 68,452.134........ 63,683,736...... Decrease, 4,768,398 Real Estate................. 7,713,708........ 7,867,241...... Increase, 153,533 Due from Banks............ 14,881,969........ 14,989,417........ Increase. 107.448 Cash items and Bank notes. 3,100,303........ 3,920,864........Increase, 820,561 Specie...................... 12,162,304........ 24,454,661...... Increase, 12,292,357 Legal Tenders.............. 63,674,319........ 53,134,586...... Decrease, 10,539.783 Overdrafts.................. 225,499........ 182,735...... Decrease, 42,764 Total................... $359,350,498 $355,334,831 Insurance Companies. There are in the city 94 Fire Insurance Companies, with an aggregate capital of $28,035,(00, besides 35 agencies of foreigl Companies. Of Life Insurance Companies there are 32, with an aggregate capital of $48,35,0(10, and 13 agencies of foreiga 1869.] NEW YORK CITY. 519 520 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [I869. Companies. The Marine Insurance Companies are ten in number-Capital, $15,000,000; foreign agency, 1. Miscellaneous. The city has 384 regular Manufacturing Companies, and 2)2 Mining Companies. There are also 195 miscellaneous Manufacturing Companies. There are 43 Petroleum Companies, with an aggregate capital of $50.175,000. The Trades' organizations number about 150, with a membership of about 35.000. The City Railroads are 13 in number. The Social Clubs number 22. The Ferries connecting the city with its surroundings number 22. Of these, 11 ply between New York and Long Island, 7 between New York and New Jersey, 2 between New York and Staten Island, 3 between New York and other points. The whole number of passengers carried by these ferries in 1868, was 82,321,274. The imports to New York for three years ending June 30,1868, were as follows: 1865-6. 1866-7. 1867-8. Dry Goods......................$137,055,834....... $103,407,278........ $77,264,182 General Merchandise............ 166.825,929........ 166,424,629....... 160,670,320 Specie and Bullion.............. 2,251,644........ 9,954,539........ 5.788,543 Total imports................$306.1.3,407 $27.),786,446 $243,723,045, Revenue from customs..........$132,625,518.65 $119,886,260.72 $110,182,050.09 The exports from New York to foreign ports for the same time, were: 1865-6. 1866-7. 1867-8. Domestic produce............... $210,352.823........$173,549,691....... $166,163,863 Foreign Merchandise, free....... 762.6,3........ 534,927.......... 553..666 ....' dutiable.. 4,32.3,375........ 6,152,659........ 7,840,890 Specie and Bullion.............. 57.870.354........ 44,366,932........ 76,30)9,3,86 Total Exports...................$273,309,185 $224,604,209 $2509,867,805 Total, exclusive of specie....... 215.438.31........ 180,237,277...... 174,558,419 The number of arrivals during the year 1868, were: NATIONLITT. Steamers. Ships. Barks. Brigs. Schoers. Total. American............... 204........23........9........ 535........ 774........2,095 British..................355........102........378........771.......42(;........2,032 North German......... 109........ 49.......152........ 63........ 6.......379 ........ 3........ 40........ 32....... 3........ 78 Norwegian............................ Danish................................. French.................. 26........ Dutch.......................... Swedish....................... Spanish....................... Portuguese..................... Austrian.............................. Argentine....................... Brazilian........................ Haytien......................... Venezuelan..................... Russian........................ All others...................... Total................ 694 390' 1,055 1.499 1,223 4,8;61 The total number of arrivals was 185 more than in 1867, and the number of American. vessels, 291 greater. The taxable property of the city and county of New York in 1867, was $830,594,713. The aggregate amount of appropriations required to be made for the county government of New York for 1869, is estimated by the Comptroller as follows: The Legislative Department......$378,650 State Taxes....................$4,629,597 The Executive Departments......4.790,532 Miscellaneous....................386,688 The Judiciary.................... 701,245 Total..................................................................... $10,886,712 The receipts of the general fund for the year 1869, are estimated at $80,000; the amount to be raised by taxation for county purposes in 1869, including the amount of the quota of the county Italian.................. 3........ 71 9 ........ 2 ....... 10 8 1........ 3 3........ 2 2........ 7 ........ 2 ........ ........ ....... I........ 10 I........ 2 94., 38' 29 2.9 21 9 8 15 2 9 2 2 11 8 ........ 3........ 1........ 4........ ........ I........ ........ ........ ........ 3........ ........ ........ ........ ....... 3........ 2........ for State taxes is $10,806,712. The purposes for which the foregoing estimates are made may be classified as follows, viz: State taxes..........................$. 4,629,597 Metropolitan Board of Health........$110,186 Interest on the county debt...........1,141,481 Metropolitan police..................2,727,365 Redemption of the county debt...... 452,900 Election expenses.................... 90,000 College of the City of New York...... 125,000 The amount required by the laws of the State to be raised in this county for the following instittitions, is as follows: Asylum for Idiots.................... $570 Magdalen Female Benevolent Asylum.. 2,000 Childrlen's Aid Society................. 40,000 New York State Lunatic Asylum...... 2,768 Deaf and Diumb Asylum............... 12,648 Salaries-Legislative Department...... 38,3?0 Institution for the Blind............... 7,702 Executive Departments......227,300 New York Juvenile AI.ylum............ 75,000 Judiciary....................557,745 Nursery and Child's Hospital.......... 11,000 General expenses of county governm' t.525,1.50 Society for the Protection of Destitute Roman Catholic Children............ 110,000 Total.............................. $10,886,712 The following statement exhibits the amount of tax levied in 1868, and the estimate of the amount required for 1869: Am'tof Tax leviel in 1808. Estimate of Taxation In 189. For the State.................................$5,564,426........$4,C629,597 For City purposes, including boards and commissions.. 10,873,046........ 9,987,284 Forcountypuirposes, including boards and commissions.. 7,082,787........ 6,177t,115 Total...............................................$23,520,259 $20.793,996 To supply deficiencies arising from erroneous assess ments, insolvencies, &c............................... 627,6;34 600,000 Total.................................................$24,147,893 $21,393,996 POPULATION. The population of the city at different dates was as follows: 1656................. 1,000 1820..... 12706 1845............ 1845. 371,223 16.96.................. 4,802 1825............1...8 166,089 1850................515,547 1756..................10,381 1830..................202,589 1855.................629,810 1773................. 21.876 1835..................268,089 1860.................813,669 1800..................60,489 1840................ 312,710 1865.................726,86 The immigration for 1867 was as follows: from Germany........................ 117,591 Ireland............................. 65.134 England.......................... 3,3712 Scotland......................... 6,315 Sweden........................... 4,843 Switzerland..................... 3,985 France.......................... 3,204 Holland....................56..... 2,156 Belgium.......................... 1,623 Denmark........................ 1,372 Italy..................................... 1,632 Norway........309................. 309 Poland................................. 268 West Indies..................... 214 Spali............................. 203 Total.................................................................... 242,371 The accessions from Canada were larger than any former year. but as they came across the border they are not shown in this table. The total immigration for 1868, was 213,686. The city and county of New York is represented in the State Legislature by five Senators and twenty-one Members of the Assembly. Six Membe's of Congress are elected from the city. 1869.] NEW YORK CITY. 521 Russia.......................... Wales........................... South America.................. Japan........................... Portugal......................... Australia....................... Canada.......................... Mexico.......................... Nova Scotia..................... China............................ Greece......................... Central America................. Turkey......................... East Indies...................... Africa........................... 185 142 97 87 79 44 42 28 22 17 8 7 6 4 2 TIlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. COMPARAkTIVE PRICES OF STAPLE ARTICLES IN THE N. Y. MARKETS. The prices are taken from the market reports on the first day of January in each year, from 1865 to 1869, inclusive. -- I Ashes.................... $12.00a13.00 Beef, Mess................. 20.00a22.00 Beeswax....................70a.72 Bricks, per M............................... Candles, Adamantine........ 32.3 35 Sperm and Patent........45a.55 Coffe, Brazil................42a.46 Copper, Am. Illngot..........I.48a.49 Yellow Metal...........50a.65 Cotton, Ordinary...........1.05 Middling............... 1 1.20 Flour and seal, Wheat*.... 10.10a1.30. Rye................... 8.50a 9.25 Corn.................l 7.60a 7.75 Fish, Cod................... 8.25a 9.25 Grain, Corn................ 1.85a 2.00 Oats.................... 1.00a 1.09 Rye.................... 1.70( 1.85 Wheat................. 2.35a 2.70 Hemp, Am. Dressed p. ton.'............ I/ides.......................32a.36 Hops..............i.46a.54 Iron, Scotch Pi,_...........0. English Bar............ 1.65a 1.95 Laths, per M................. Leather....................3 Lime....................... 1.25a 1.75 Molasses, N. O............. 1.20a 1.50 Oil, Linseed............................ Crude Whale...................... Crude Sperm....................... Petroleum, Refined.........44a.95 Pork, Mess................. 40.00a42.00 Rice, Rangoon..............12a.13i Rosin, bbl............................ Salt....................... 2.32a 2.3B Sugar, Cuba.................16a.22i New Orleans............18a.27. Tallow......................17a.18 Tea, Hyson................ 1.30a 1.95 Oolong................ 1.05a 1.75 Turpentiie, l)l)........................ Whaleb)one................. 2.00a 2.50 Whiskey................... 2.21a 2.22 Wool.......................50a.60 Zinc................................... 1866. $9.00all.00 20.00a24.00 .48a.49 Oats.................Ooe........ 63....84 8 e 7 .42a.52 .17a.201 .41a.43 .35a.55 .42 .52a.53 8.40a 8.60 5.50a 6.00 4.25 7.00a 9.25 .93a.98 .61a.63 1.04a- 1.15 2.30a 2.80 3.25a 3.3 5 .16a.19 .60a.65 5O.OOa52.00 1.15a 1.30 5.00 .,3-4a.40 1.70a 1.75 1.10a 1.25 ............ ............ ............ .62a.64 29.25a31.00 .9a.10 6.50a 7.00 2.00a 2.10 .10a.13f ............ .13a.14 1.10a 1.60 .90a 1.70 8. 5 0a 9.00 1.60 2.27 .25a.27 .15a.15t PRICES OF AMEIIICAN GOLD IN N.Y. FROM JAN., 1862, TO JAN., 1869. 1862. 1863. 1864..1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. DATE. .1865. 18t66. l a. _eo 1351 147i 137i 1671, 138 146i:. 147i1 151i 1401 144~ 1461- 15'2 1412t 145 143~i 147t 144 1 14(9 145f- 154t 145. 148t- 137t: 1484 1441 1 148; 131l' 141t I62. 11863. 1864. 105 1 16011, 51 160 60S 1863. ]6t i5 6 104t 153 172+1 157+ 161 102+ 139 1711 159 16)91 102+ 146 159 1661 187 104i 143+ 155 168 190 109+f 140+ 148+ 189 251' 120+i 123+ 145 222 285 116+' 122+ 1291 231+ 262 S t1 124 127 143+ 185 255 137 140} 156t1 189 229 133:' 143 154 19. 261 1.34 147 152{ 211 244 * Extra State. i i I I I I I [1869. 522 1867. $8.OOal2.25 17.0ott2l.50 37.a.38 13.5Oal4.5O .21a.23 .,38a.50 .15a.18 .26a.27 .30a.43 .32a.33 .35 10.75al2.30 6.30a 7.75 5.10a 5.20 6.00a 7.75 1.05a 1.12 .64a.69 1.15a 1.28 3.00a 3.50 3.80a 3.90 .17a.22 .40a.70 48.OOa5O.OO 1.05a 1.15 3.25' ..30a.31 1.70a 2.20 .80a.85 1.30a 1.33 1.20a 1.25 2.60a 2.65 .25a.331 19.25a2l.00 .0.9a.091 4.37a 4.44 1.90a 1.95 .08a.111.69a.13 .lla.111 .80a 1.70 .85a 1.75 6.00 1.15a 1.2,I) 2.26a 2.38 .40a.45 .12a.121 1868. $8.25(tlO.50 14.OOa2l.W .39a.40 11.5Oal2.50 .21a.24 .45a.621 .Ila.17 ,20a.21 .26a.33 .14a.15 .15a.16i 10.28alO.70 7.50a'.).50 6.10a 6.20 4.00a 6.00 1.37a 1.41 .84a.88 I.?i'-a 1.80 2.30a 3.,35 2.25a 4.00 .18a.191 ,.30a.60 35.OOa37-00 .90a.95 3.W .4a.28 1.50a 1.85 .65a.90 1.00a 1.04 .68a.70 2.10a 2.15 .24a.241 2l.OOa2l.05 .01.)a.09f 3.00a 3.121 1.95a 2.00 .Ila.131.Ila.15 .10a.11 .90a 1.50 .68a 1.60 4.00 .80 2.28 .40a.4.3 .Ila lli 1869. $7.75a 9.121 ll.OOa2O.OO .41a.42 lO.OOal6.00 .21a.23 .48a.58 .13a.17i .2,3a.24 .33 .23a.!A .2(ia. Ln 6.90a 7.2,I) 5.50a 8.00 4.90a 5.00 7.25a 8.00 .92a 1.10 i5a.78 1.55a 1.62 1.50a 2.30 2.75a 3.15 .22a.2,11 .15a.22 4O.OOa42.00 4O.OOa42.00 3.00 ,27,a 1.69a 2.00 .60a.80 .99a 1.02 .95a 1.00 1.7.5 .31a..32 26.5Oa28.00 .05a.07i 2.40a 2.C)O 1.90a 2.00 .09a.121 .09a.13 .Ila Ilf .90a 1.70 .70a 1.60 4.00 .75a.78 .98a 1.00 .47a.50 .12a.1.31 1 1867. I 4 132i 137k 135i 1401 133i 1401 132i 142 134i 1381 136t 138i 138 1401 1391 142t 141 146; - I,,- 11451 137.11 1411 132t 1; 1371 18 1868. . -i ; 1. 4 Ei 13.'31,- 142i 1 3.c) 1144 1371 141 L 1371 140,,t 139i 1401 139t 141+ 140i 14.51 143i 146 141i 145 1331 14(li 132i 137 1 1.'34i 1,3f)f 11 par. 102i ioij 1011 .102i 10.3i 109 1121 llc4 122 1 129 i 130 January...... Fel)rtiary..... March........ April.......... May........... June......... July......... August....... Setemb,or.... October. Noveml)c'r',''," I Deceinber....I PARIT III. FOREIGN STATES. I. AMERICA. 1. APREA-POPULATION-DISCOYERY-ESTABLISHMENT OF INDEPENDENT STATES EXTENT AND POPULATION OF THE INDEPENDENT STATES AND OF THE EUROPEAN POSSESSIONS-LANGUAGES. THE total area of America is estimated at 15,480,000 square miles; the population at 81,400,000. Among the large divisions of the world, America is the second in point of extent, being preceded by Asia. In point of population, it occupies the fourth place; but its population increases more rapidly than that of any other division of the world. America became first known to the Europeans in the tenth century, when Icelanders visited Greenland and other parts of the east coast. Greenland had for some time a Catholic bishop, but subsequently the connection with Europe ceased. The opening of America to the Christian civilization of Europe properly dates from Columbus, who landed in the West Indies in 1492. All the American territory remained subject to the rule of European Powers until 1776, when the United States declared their independence. Their example was at the close of the last century followed by Hayti, and at the beginning of the present century by nearly the whole of Central and South America. (See special dates below at the head of each American country). The territory of the Independent American States is rapidly increasing. In 1867 the large Russian Possessions were purchased by the United States. In the same year two of the three Danish Islands in the West Indies were purchased by the United States, but this latter purchase has not yet (December 1868), been ratified by Congress. We give below a tabular exhibition of the Independent American States, and a list of the European possessions. The independent American territory embraces aboutll,000,000 square miles, or a little over two-thirds of the whole area of America, against about 4,500,000 square miles still subject to Euro pean rule. Of the latter over 3,600,000 square miles are English possessions. We have included in the European possessions, Greenland, though in fact, the Danish rule extends only over a very small portion. The total popula tion of the independent American States may be estimated at 74,000,000; while the European possessions contain about 7,000,000. The English language is predominant in the United States, and in the British possessions, embracing a territory containing more than 39,000,000 of people. The Spanish language prevails in Mexico, the republics of Central and South America, the republic of San Domingo and the Spanish possessions, (523) THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. including in all a territory containing about 28,500,000 inhabitants. The Portuguese language prevails in Brazil which has a population of nearly 12,000,000. French is the language of Hayti and of the French possessions, which together have a population of about 900,000. French also is the language of the majority of the population in the province of Quebec in the dominion of Canada, but the official language of the whole Dominion is English. The number of the German-speaking population in the United States is estimated at from four to five millions; there is also a large German population in Brazil, but no where is German recognized as an official language, and in the course of time it must give way to the national language. The native languages, the number of which is estimated at 600, are still understood by about 12,000,000 people; but they gradually disappear before the advance of education and civilization. In point of area, the English language now prevails in a territory exceeeding 7,000,000 square miles; the Spanish language in a territory of over 4,000,000 square miles; and the Portuguese in a territory of over 3,000,000 square miles. Christianity prevails in every country of America, though in most countries of North and South America there are still uncivilized and pagan natives. In the United States, and the British and Dutch Possessions, Protestantism prevails, while Roman Catholicism is the religion in all the other countries. (See the tables of "Religious Statistics.") INDEPENDENT AMERICAN STATES. In the following table we give a list of all the independent American States, their area and population, ruler, title and year of accession of the rulers, and form of government. Year of Ac'sion. 1868 1865 1840 1866 1868 1868 1868 1865 1867 1866 1867 1867 1862 1868 1868 1865 1865 1868 .... Area. A Population. a Ruler, Deeember, 1868. 826,828 1,465,000 Domingo F. Sarmiento. 535,769i 1,987,352,Mariano Melgarejo.... 3,231,0471 11,780,000 Don Pedro II............ 132,624 2,084,960!Jose Joaquin Perez.... 357,179 2,920,473 Santos Gutierrez....... 21,495 135,000'Jesus Jimenez......... 218,984 1,300,0001Dr. Xavier.Espinosa... 44,778 1,180,000, Vincente Cerna....... 10,205 572,(000 Sylvain Salnave........ 47,092 350,000 Jose Maria Medina..... 773,144 8,137,853 Benito Juarez.......... 58,169 400,000 Fernando Guzman..... 126,352 1,337,481 Francisco Solano Lopez. .510,1071 2,500,000'Jose Balta..... 17,826] 136,500 Buenaventura Baez. 7,8.351 600,000 Francisco DueSflas...... 3,578,392! 34,560,0001 Andrew Johnson...... r66,7161 350,000 Lorenzo Battle......... 368,235. 2,200,000 (Vacant)........... EUROPEAN POSSESSIONS. TOTALS OF THE COLONIES OF FOREIGN POWERS. Square miles. Inhabitants. British Possessions.................,v..............3,863,375.........4,835,541 French Possessions............................................36,177............... 315,677 Spanish Possessions........................................... 52,085...............1,979,8138 Dutch Possessions.............................................. 63,115............... 92,521 Danish Possessions............................................ 759,933................ 48,231 Swedish Possessions...................................16....................... 2,898 Total.....................................................4,547,701................7,274,706 524 [1869. P.- f G.,'..t. Republic. 11 Const.Monly. Republic. 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1111 11 11 1111 st.t... Titl.. Presidlnt. 11 Emper r Presidpni. 1111 1111 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1,11 Argentine Republic. Bolivia............. !Brazil.............. Chill............... Colombia........... Costa Rica.......... Ecuador............ Guatemala.......... Hayti............... Honduras........... Mexico............. 'qicamgua.......... ?araguay........... .,eru............... San Do'ngo....... 'Oml San Saladr....... United States...... Urug ua,i........... Venezu a.......... FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. 1. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Capital, Buenos Ayres. Area, 826,828 square miles. Population, 1,465,000. History. Discovery of the country on the River Plata, 1515; Foundation of Buenos Ayres, 1535; Establishment of the Vice-kingdom of Buenos Ayres (or Rio de la Plata), 1777; Beginning of the war for Independence, 1810; Declaration of Independence, 1816; Presidency of Rosas, 1835; Banishment of Rosas, 1852; Presidency of Mitre, 1862-1868; Sarmiento elected President, 1868. In 1866 it was estimated that there were in the country 70,000 Italians, 32,000 Spaniards, 32,000 Englishmen, 25,000 Frenchmen, 5,000 Germans and natives of the United States. The immigration of the year 1866 was estimated at 13,000, of whom 31 per cent. were Italians, 21 French, 10 English, 7 Swiss and Spaniards, 2 Germans. The immigration during the first three months of 1868 was 9,493, chiefly from Germany and Italy. Government. President, DOMINGO F. SARMIENTO; Vice President, ADOLFO ALSINA. By the Constitution of May 15,1853, the President and Vice President are elected for six years. The present incumbents were elected in 1868 for the term 1868-1874. The Senate consists of 28 members, two from each state. The House of Representatives numbers 54 Deputies. Finances. The revenue is almost wholly derived from custom house duties, averaging from 15 to 20 per cent. In 1866, according to the message of President Mitre, the revenue was 9,763,830 pesos, 5 pesos flertesl ~=$4.84. The public debt, at the beginning of 1867, amounted to 32,483,710 pesos. The paper currency is greatly depreciated, 25 paper pesos being equal to 1 pesos fuerte. The budget of Buenos Ayres amounts to about 2,000,000 pesos. Army and Navy. The army consists of about 10,700 men, exclusive of the militia and national guard. In the war against Paraguay the Republic was to contribute from 30,000 to 40,000 men, but in 1867 the Argentine force never exceeded 8,000 men. The navy comprises seven steamers and ten sailing vessels. Commerce. The imports of the port of Buenos Ayres, in 1865, amounted to ~5,207,043, exports to ~4,413,358. The most important countries for the commerce of Buenos Ayres, are France, England, Brazil, and the United States. - The chief articles of export are wool (46 per cent.) and hides, (34 per cent.); chief articles of import breadstuffs, beverages, cotton and woolen manufactures. In 1867, 621 miles of railroad were either open or projected. Nearly the whole of the capital had been subscribed in England. 2. BOLIVIA. Capital, Chuquisaca. Area, 535,769 square miles. Population, 1,987,352. History. Declaration of Independence, 1825; the name of Bolivia assumed Aug. 11, 1825. The frontier of the Republic is not yet regulated. A treaty with Chili, of Aug. 10, 1866, fixes 24~ S. Lat., as the boundary line between these two Republics. In 1868. a treaty was concluded between Bolivia and Brazil, recognizing the claims of Brazil to most of the territory which has heretofore been disputed between Brazil, Bolivia and Peru. Government. Preident, MARIANO MELGAREJO. The President is elected for a term of four years. The army consists of about 2,000 men, exclusive of the national guard. The revenue, in 1864, amounted to 2,471,000, the expenditures to 2,435,000 pesos. The Republic has no public debt. The value of the annual imports is about 5,570,000 pesos. 3. BRAZIL. Capital, Rio Janeiro. Area, 3,231,047 square miles. Population, 11,780,000. HEistory. Discovered by Pedro Alvarez Cabral', in 1500; beginning of colonization by the Portuguese, 1531; foundation of the city of Bahia, 1549; conquest of Bahia (1624), and gradually of one-half of the fourteen provinces of which Brazil consisted at that time, by the Dutch; evacuation by the Dutch, 1654; formal retrocession of Brazil to Portugal, 1661; constituted a kingdom by King John VI. of Portugal, in 1815; declaration of Independence, 1822; constitution adopted, 1825. The number of slaveholders Is about 40,000. A law for the suppression of the slave trade was sanctioned by the Emperor June 5, 1854. There were in 1861, 55 colonies of German and Swiss settlers, chiefly in the province of Rio Grande do Sul, inhabited by 33,970 foreigners. Since then immigration has considerably increased. 1869.] 525 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Reigning Sovereign and Family. Pedro II. was born Dec. 2, 1825; succeeded to the throne on the abdication of his father, Pedro I. April i, 1831; declared of age, July 23, 1840; crowned, July 18, 1841; married Sept. 4, 1843, to Theresa, daughter of the late king Francis I. of the Two Sicilies. Children: 1. Crowvn Princess Isabel, born July 29, 1846; married Oct. 15, 1864, to Prince Louis of Orleans, Count of Eu. 2. Princess Leopoldina, born July 13, 1847; married December 15, 1864, to Prince Augustus of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha; son, Prince Pedro, born March 19, 1866. Government. Emperor, PEDRO II. The Legislative Assembly consists of a Senate and House of Deputies. Senators are appointed for life, by the Emperor, from three candidates chosen by electoral meetings specially convened for this purpose. A Senator must be forty years of age, a native born Brazilian, a Roman Catholic and possessed of an annulal income of 800 milreis. The members of the House of Deputies are chosen by indirect election; every 200 voters choose an elector, and a number of the latter nominate the dcputy. A voter must have an income of 100 milreis, an elector of 200 milreis, a deputy of 400 milreis. The deputy must be a native Roman Catholic. Voters are compelled to vote, under a penalty. The salary of a Senator is 3,600 milreis, of a deputy 2,400 milreis. The annual session of the Legislative Assem bly commences May 3. The Chamber of Deputies has the initiative in the assessment of taxes, in matters concerning the army and navy, and in the choice of a sovereign, in case the throne should become vacant. The Senate has to take cognizance of offences commltted by members of the Imperial family, and by Senators and Deputies, if committed during the session. It also convenes the Legislative Assembly, should the Emperor fail to do so, two months after the period fixed by law. The Ministry is divided into seven departments: 1. Finance; 2. Foreign Affairs; 3. Interior; 4. Justice; 5. War; 6. Marine; 7. Public Works, Agriculture and Commerce. The Council of State consists of 12 ordinary and 12 extraordinary members, all appointed by the Emperor lbr life. Each Province has a President appointed by the central Government, and a provincial assembly. A new (conservative) Ministry was formed in July, 1868. President, Viscount Itaborahy: Foreign affairs, Paranhos; War, Baron Muritiba; Agriculture, Fernandez Leso; Marine, Baron Cotigipe; Empire, Paulino Soares de Souza; Justice, J. M. Alencar. Finances. The revenue during the financial years 1859 to 1866, was as follows: 1859-60.....................47,310,955 milreis. 1863-64.....................58,360,480 milreis. 1860-61................53,350,905 1864-65...............61,046,313 1861-62.....................55,857,726 " 1865-66.....................62,827,191 1862-63.....................50,724,034 " The estimates for the year 1868-69, were: Expenditures, 67,742,627 milreis; receipts, 59,000,000 milreis; probable deficit, 8.742,627 milreis. The foreign debt in June 1867, amounted to ~15,458,200; the internal funded debt, March 31, 1867, to 106,350,600 milreis. The total amount of paper currency in circulation was estimated. in June 1867, at 107,021,950 milreis. Army and Navy. The Brazilian army, in 1867, numbered 74,318 men; consisting of Special Corps, 25,844 men; 1st Army Corps in the field, 33,078 men; 2d Army Corps in the field, 15,396 men. The armed navy consisted, in 1867, of 12 ironclads (exclusive of 4 in course of construction); 46 steamers, and 11 sailing vessels. The number of sailors and marines was according to the navy estimates for 1867-68,14,909 men. Commerce. The value of imports and exports in the financial years from 1864 to 1866, was as follows: Imports. Exports. 1864-65..................131.600,000 milreis..................141,100,000 milreis. 1865-66.............138,100,000 "................157,000,000 " Trade with the United States from 1864 to 1867, was as follows: Imports. Export. 18465.................... $3, 0...................$8,85,000 18656....................... 3,253,000......................... 14,980,000 186667........................... 2,150,000...........................15,600,000 4. CENTRAL AMERICA. History. Landing of Columbus on the east coast, 1502; invasion by the Spaniards, 1524; declaration of independence, 1821; establishment of the Republic of the United States of Central America, 1823; dissolution of the Union, 189-since which time the five republics of Guatemala, San Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras and Costa Rica have been independent of each other. The idea of a restoration of a Central American confederation has still many friends. Squier, (in" The States of Central America," New York, 1858), estimated the total population of Central America at 2,114,000; of whom 1,195,000 were Indians, 800,000 of mixed descent, 100,000 whites, and 10,000 negroes. 526 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. 1. GUATiEM A T LA. Capital, Guatemala. Area, 44,778 square miles. Ponpulation, 1,180,000. Government. President, VINCENTE CERNA. A new constitution was adopted, October 19,1851, by which the powers of government were confided to a President and General Assembly, composed of a Legislative Chamber (59 deputies), in which the archbishop, the members of the courts of supreme justice and the Council of State, have a voice in the deliberations. The revenue, in 1864, was $1,147,809: expenditures, $1,130,708. The public debt, in 1865, amounted to $2,461,978. The regular army consists of 3,200 men, the militia of 13,000 men. The imports, in 1866, were $1,699,125; the exports, $1,680,341. The largest amount of the imports came from the following countries: England, $1,220,064; France, $230,521; Spain, $67,639; Germany, $118,968; United States, $31,647. In 1867 the imports amounted to $1,574,587, the exports to $1,996,450. 2. SAN SALVADOR. Capital, San Salvador. Area, 7,335 square miles. Pop?lation, 600,000. Government. President, FRANCISCO DUERAS. The Senate consists of 12, and the Legislative Chamber of 24 members. The sessions are held biennially. According to the budget of 1867, the revenue was $783,713; the expenditures, $693,003. The consolidated debt, in 1866, was estimated at six millions; the floating debt at one million. The militia consists of 5,000, of whom 1,000 are in active service. The imports, inll 1867, were valued at $1,856,387; the exports at $2,737,243. Of the leading products there were exported: 15,000 ceroons indigo, 50,000 cwt. coffee, 80,000 cwt. sugar, 10,000 cwt. rice. For the six months ending March 31, 1868, the exports from the ports of La Union, Libertad and Acajutla amounted to $2,493,480; an excess over the same period the previous year of $415,104. 3. HONDURAS. Ca,,taZ, Comayagua. Area, 47,092 square miles. Population, 350,000. Government. President, JosE MARIA MEDINA. A new constitution was adopted in 1865. The Senate has seven, and the Legislative Assembly eleven members. The Council of State consists of the ministers and seven other members. The annual revenue is about $200,000; it exceeds the expenditures by about $17,000 annually. Imports, mostly from Great Britain, $750,000; exports, $825,000. Chief port, Omoa. 4. NICARAGUA. Capital, Managua. Area, 58,169. Population, 400,000. Government. President, FERNANDO GUZMAN. The area includes Greytown and the Musquito territory. The population embraces about 30,000 whites, and 10,000 negroes; the remainder are Indians and Mestizoes. The capital has 10,000 inhabitants. The republic is divided into the departments of Rivas, Granada, Leon, Segovia, and MIatagalpa. The revenue for the year 1865 was estimated at $332,471; the expenditures at $630,120; the public debt at $4,000,000. The imports, in 1865, were valued at $1,154,000, the exports at $722,000. 5. COSTA RICA. Capital, San Jos6. Area, 21,495 square miles. Population, 135,000. Government. Protisional Presdent, JESUS JIMENEZ. The Senate consists of 25, and the Chamber of Deputies of 29 members. The annual revenue is about $1,000,000. There is no public debt. The exports (principal article coffee) amounted in 1864 to $1,812,682; the imports to $1,718,000. The militia consists of 5,000 men; of whom 200 are employed in active service. 5. CHILI. Capitazl, Santiago. Area, 132,624 square miles. Population, 2,084,960. History. First invasion by the Spaniards, 1525; beginning of the war for independence, 1811; independence fully established, 1818; recognized by Spain, 1844; General Bulnes, president 1841 to 1846, and 1846 to 1851; Manuel Montt, president 1851 to 1856, and 1856 to 1861; Jose Joaquin Perez, president 1861 to 186; re-elected in 1866. It is remarked in the census report of 1865, that to the population of the organized provinces (1,819,223), must be added (1) about 10 per cent. for persons omitted, (2) 80,000 Araucanians, (3) 189.] 52 7 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 3,800 Patagonians. The result of former censuses was as follows:-Census of 1835, 1,010,332; 1843, 1,083,801; 1854, 1,439,069. Increase in thirty years, 808,891. The number of foreign born persons in 1854, was 19,669; in 1865, 23,220, among whom were 17,618 males. Government. Predaent, JOS JOAQUIN PEREz-born, 1801; secretary of legation in France, 1829-1; minister plenipotentiary at Buenos Ayres, 1832; subsequently councillor of state, minister of finance, of the interior, of foreign affairs, president of the chamber of deputies, and president of the senate; elected president of the republic, September 7, 1861; re-elected July 24, 1866. The vote for President is by electors (in 1866, 216). The ministry, in November, 1868, was composed as follows: (1) Interior and Foreign Affairs, L. M. Amunatequi, (appointed 1868); (2) Finance, Alejandro Rejes (1864); (3) Justice, Worship and Instruction, Joaquin Blest Gana (1866); (4) War and Navy, Echaurren, (1868). The Council of State is composed of the acting ministers, two members of the courts, one ecclesiastical dignitary, one general or admiral, one chief of a financial board, two ex-ministers, and several otherfunctionaries. President of the supreme court, Manuel Montt, ex-president. According to the Constitution of 1833, the Senate consists of 20 members, elected for a term of nine years, and the Chamber of Deputies of one member for each 20,000 of the population, elected for a term of three years. Finances. The revenue, in 1864, was estimated at $6,654,912, (customs, $4,047,787, government monopolies, $1,110,648, &c.); but in effect it only amounted to $6,574,518. The expenditures which had been estimated at $8,070,368, rose, in consequence of the Spanish war, to $10,986,358. The budget for 1866, estimated the expenditures at $9,079,936, and that for 1867, at $10,814,000. The internal debt, January 1, 1867, amounted to $15,820,319; external debt to $14,142,570; the total debt to $29,962,889. In addition to the above a loan of ~2,000,000 at six per cent. was contracted in England, in 1867. Army and Navy. The army consists of the standing force raised by conscription (3,250 at the end of 1865), and of the national guard (35,600 at the end of 1865). The navy was, in May, 1867, composed of 14 screw steamers, carrying 120 guns. Commerce. The imports and exports from 1861 to 1865 were as follows: Year. Exports. Imports. 1861.............................$16, 676,314.......................... $20,349,639 1862.................................17,226,655.................................21,994,432 1863.................................20,487,517.................................20,118,852 1864.................................18,867,365.................................26,502,961 1865..............................21,240,976.................................25,712,623 The number of vessels entering the ports of Chili in 1865 was 2,858, of 1,123,344 tons; among them were 1,288 Chilian, of 263,607 tons; 144 North American, of 62,525 tons; English, 1,163, 695,304 tons. The merchant navy of Chili consisted, in 1862, of 259 vessels, of 57,110 tons; in 1865, of 257 vessels, of 67,090 tons. Up to the middle of 1866, 336i English miles of railways had been constructed at a total cost of $21,360,798. Education. A University. divided into five faculties, is charged with superintending public instruction. Secondary instruction is gratuitously given by the State in the National Institute, in the Provincial Lyceums, and in one Military School, two Nautical Schools, one Medical School, one Astronomical School, one Conservatory of Music, one Academy of Painting, one School of Obstetrics, and one Polytechnical School. 6. COLOMBIA, United States of. Caital, Bogota. Area, 357,179 square miles. opulation, 2,920,473. HiStory. The Republic of Colombia which was established December 17, 1819, and consolidated by the fundamental law of July 22, 1821, embraced besides the present United States of Colombia, the republics of Ecuador and Venezuela. Venezuela seceded in November, 1829, and Ecuador in May, 1830. The remainder, then called New Grenada, assumed, September 20, 1861, the name of United States of Colombia, and was changed by the fundamental law of June 15, 1858, from one republic into a confederation of eight states, to which subsequently a ninth was added. The population of the nine states in 1864, was as follows: Antioquia...........327,322 Cauca.................437,102 Panama 1...........173,729 Bolivar............175,006 Cundinamarca........ 391,096 Santander............496,000 Boyaca.............442,996 Magdalena...........100,284 Tolima...............250,938 Total........................................................................... 2,794,473 To this population should be added the independent Indians, whose number is estimated at 126,000. 528 [1869. 1869.J FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. 529 Government. edent, SANTOS GUTIERREZ; elected, 1868; term, 1868 to 1870. The President is elected by an absolute majority of the states, the vote in the states being direct. The ministry in September, 1868, was composed as follows: Interior and Foreign Affairs, Santiago P6rez; Finances, Miguel Samper; War and Navy, Sergio Camargo; General Treasury, Narciso Gonzalez Lineros. The Senate consists of three members from each state; the Chamber of Representatives of one member for every 50,000 inhabitants, and one additional for a remainder of more than 20,000. The members of the supreme court are elected by the legislatures of the nine states. Each state has a Governor, except the state of Panama, which elects a President. Finances. In the budget for 1866-67, revenue and expenditures were each estimated at $2,350,000. The public debt in 1861, was reported to be $44,000,000, of which $34,690,000 was due English creditors. Army. The federal army, in times of peace, numbers 2,000 men; in times of war, the states are bound to furnish a contingent of one per cent. of the population. Commerce. The imports of the port of Panama and Colon (Aspinwall), amounted, in 1864, to $35,000,000; the exports to $67,000,000. The number of arrivals at Panama, in 1865, was 134 sea vessels, of 177,448 tons; 36 coasting vessels, of 865 tons; the number of arrivals at Colon, in 1865, 339 vessels, of 242,757 tons. 7. ECUADOR. Capital, Quito. Area, 218,984 square miles. Population, 1,300,000. History. The Republic was constituted in 1830, by secession from the Republic of Colombia. (See United States of Colombia). In 1858, the population was 1,040,371, among whom were 600,000 whites; in 1867, it was estimated at 1,300,000, including about 200,000 uncivilized Indians. Government. President, XAVIER ESPINOSA; elected in 1868. The republic is divided into ten provinces: Pichincha, Imbabura, Leon, Chimborazo, Esmeraldas, Oriente, Guayas, Manavi, Cuenca, and Loja. Finances. The revenue, in 1865, amounted to $1,401,300; the expenditures to $1,399,672. The foreign debt in 1865, was $9,390,554; the interior, $3,692,955. The republic has neither a standing army nor a fleet. Commerce. The exports from the port of Guayaquil, were valued, in 1865, at about $4,000,000; in 1866, at $5,015,752; in 1867, at only $2,510,733. The exports in the latter year amounted to $2,104,722.40. The movement of shipping, in the port of Guayaquil, in 1866, amounted to 182 vessels, of 13,969 tons, exclusive of 58 mail steamers. 8. HAYTI. Captal, Port au Prince. Area, 10,205 square miles. Population. 572,000. History. Discovered by Columbus 1492, who called the island Hispaniola, which name was subsequently changed into San Domingo. The western part of the island, the present Hayti, was ceded by Spain to France in 1697. Insurrection of the negroes, 1791; evacuation by the French, 1803; recognized by France, 1825; Soulouque, president, March, 1847; declared himself emperor under the name of Faustin I. August 26, 1849; resigned In consequence of a successful revolution, January 15, 1859; Fabre Geffrard, president, 1859; expelled, 1867. Government. President, SYLVAIN SALNAVE; term of office, from 1867 to 1871. A new constitution was adopted, January 14, 1867. There are four ministers: 1. Foreign Affairs, Worship, and Public Instruction; 2. Finances and Commerce; 3. Interior and Agriculture; 4. War and Navy. The members of the House of Commons are elected by a direct vote for a term of three years; the members of the Senate are appointed by the House of Commons from a list drawn up by the electoral colleges. Finances. The budget for 1864 estimated the revenue at 28,710,800 Haytien dollars*; the expenditures at 37,331,811 Haytien dollars; the total debt, in 1864, amounted to 9,847,233 piastres fortes (dollars). Commerce. The imports, in 1864, amounted to about $6,700,000; the exports to $7,457,700. Of the imports about 46 per cent. are from the United States, and about 30 per cent. from Eng. * Haytien dollars (gourdes) are paper money of changing value. In 1863, 12.25 Haytien dollars were equal to one gold) dollar. 34 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. land. The movement of shipping, in 1864, was as follows: Arrivals, 879 vessels, 135,488 tons; clearances, 875 vessels, 145,454 tons; total, 1,754 vessels, 230,942 tons. In 1865, it was as follows: Arrivals, 702; clearances, 619; total, 1,,21 vessels, 200,108 tons. Army and Navy. The army consists of about 50,000 men, inclusive of the national guard. The navy consists of six steamers. 9. MEXICO. Capital, Mexico. Area, 773,144 square miles. P2tion, 8,137,853. History. Discovered, 1518; after its conquest by Cortez organized into the kingdom of New Spain, 1540, and governed by Spanish viceroys; beginning of the war of independence, 1810; Iturbide, generalissimo, 1821; Iturbide, emperor, 1822; Maximilian, emperor, 1864; executed, 1867. The list of rulers from 1821 to 1868, is as follows: 1821-Iturbide.................Generalissimo. 1845-Canalizo.....................President. 1822-Iturbide......................Emperor. 1845-Herrera...................... " 182-Guerrera, Bravo and Negrete.. Dictator. 1847-Paredes..................... 182-Guadalupe Victoria..........President. 1850-Arista..............' 1827-Pedraza.......................... " 1852-M. Juan Cebellos............ " 1828-Guerrero..................... "....1853-St. Manuel Lombardini...... " 1829-Guerrero......................Dictator. 1853-Santa Anna.................. " 1830Bustamente....................President. 1855-Alvarez...................... " 1832-Pedraza.................. " 1856-Comonfort................... " 1835-Santa Anna....................... " 1858-Felix Zuloaga................ " 1836-St. Jose Justo Caro.............. " 1858-Miramon................. " 1837-Bustamente................... 1859-Felix Zuloaga..........Vice-President. 1840-Farias........................Dictator. 1860-Miramon....................President. 1841-Bustamente.................. President. 1861-Benito Juarez.............. " 1841-Santa Anna....................Dictator. 1864-Maximilian..................Emperor. 1843-Caro.......................... 1867-Benito Juarez.............. President. 18Santa Anna................... " The following table exhibits the population of each state in 1857, and of their capitals in 1865: States. Population. Capitals. Population. Aguas Calientes.................86,329...................Aguas Calientes.................23,000 Chiapas........................167,472...................S. Christobal................... 10,500 Chihuahua.....................164,073...................Chihuahua......................12,000 Colim a..........................62,1 09...................Colima..........................31,000 Durango................ 144,331..............D.....Durango................. 14,000 Guanajuato.....................729,103...................Guana juato............... 63,000 Guerrero.......................270,000...................a..............4,500 Jalisco.........................804,058...................Guadalajara.....................70,000 Mexico....................1,029,629...................Toluca..........................12,000 Michoacan.....................554,585...................Morelia.........................25,000 NuevaLeo n.................. - 2.......... * Monterey.....................14000 Coahuila..............5*-...... *- Saltillo...........................9,000 Oajaca..............................,9,%.ca.................... 25,000 Puebla.................658,609..................Puebla..........................75,000 Queretaro...................165,155...................Queretaro.......................48,000 San Luis Potosi................397,189.............. San Luis.................34,000 Sinaloa,................. 160,000............. Culiacan................. 12,000 Sonora........................139,374...................Ures..............................7,000 Tabasco.................70,628.............S Juan Batista..........6,000 Tamaulipas................... 109,673...................Victoria........ 6,000 Tlascala.........................90,158...................Tlascala..........................4,000 Vera Cruz......................349,125...................Vera Cruz.......................10,000 Yucatan................668,623..............Merida 24,000 Campeche................... Campeche...................15,500 Zacatecas..................... 296,789...................Zacatecas........................16,000 Federal District of Mexico....269,534...................Mexico.........................200,000 Territory of California......... 12,000..................La Paz.............................500 Total...................8,137,853 The statistics of races, according to the best authorities, is as follows: 1. Whites (including the descendants of Spaniards and Indians who consider themselves white), 1,004,000; 2. Indians, 4,800,000; 3. The mixed races (Mestizoes, Zambos, Mulattoes, &c.), 2,190,000; 4. Negroes, 6,000. Government. President, BENITO JUAREZ, a descendant of the Indian race of Tapatecos; born at Ixtlan, state of Oajaca, 1807; elected Deputy to the House of Representatives, 1846; Governor of Oajaca, 1848-52; exiled by Santa Anna, 1853; returned to Mexico, 1855; Minister of Justice, 1856-58; of the Interior, 1858; head of an insurrection against President Zuloaga, 1858-59; and against President Miramon, 1859-61; elected President, 1861; re-elected, 1867. Vice President, LiRDo DE TEJADA. 530 [1869, FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. The ministry is (Nov. 1868) composed of the following members: Foreign Affairs, Lerdo de Tejada; Finances, Matias Romero; War and Navy, Ignacio Mejia; Interior, Iglesias; Public Works, Balcarcel; Justice, Ignacio Mariscal. The Mexican constitution bears date October 4, 1824. It was suspended by the French in 1863, but re-established in 1867. By its terms Mexico is declared a federative republic, each state managing its own local affairs. The Congress consists of two houses. The members of the House of Representatives are elected by each state at the rate of one member for 80,000 inhabitants, for a term of two years, must be 25 years of age, and have resided eight years in the state. The Senate consists of two members for each state, who must be at least thirty years of age and elected by a plurality of votes in the state congress. The members of both houses receive salaries of two thousand dollars a year. The President and Vice President are elected for a term of four years. Congress meets annually from January 1 to April 15, and a council of government, consisting of the Vice President and half the senate sits during the recesses of Congress. The legislatures of the several states are similar to that of the republic. Finances. The revenue for 1866 was estimated at $16,500,000; the expenditures at $29,500,000; the deficit at $13,000,000; the actual deficit proved to be much larger. The Mexican debt, August 1, 1865, was as follows: capital. An'l Interest. Old English three per cent. loan, as per settlement of 1851............... ~10,241,650 ~307,205 Three per cent. stock, created 1864, for overdue coupons of old loan...... 4,864,800 145,944 Six per cent. Anglo-French loan of 1864.................................. 12,365,000 741,900 Six per cent. lottery loan of 1865........................................... 10,000,000 Interest, ~600,000; lottery prizes, ~120,000; sinking fund, ~250,000....... 970,000 Six per cent. Mexican debt, about........................................ 7,000,000 420,000 Admitted claims of foreigners, bearing interest at six per cent........... 6,000,000 360,000 Amount due to French government for war expenses, March 31, 1865..... 13,000,000 Annual pay't to France on acct. of war expenses, as per Paris convention. 1,000,000 Total................................................................ ~63,471,450 ~3,945,049 The present Government does not recognize any portion of the above liabilities, except the six per cent. internal Mexican debt, the interest of which has not been paid for a number of years. Commerce. In 1856, the total imports of Mexico were valued at twenty-six millions, and the exports at twenty-eight millions of dollars. There are no official accounts of recent date concerning the trade of Mexico. The imports of the port of Tampico were, m 1864, $3,342,020; in 1865, $3,970,045; and in 1866, $847,806. The great staple of Mexican export trade is silver. The annual produce of silver in the chief mining districts is given as follows: Zacatecas, $6,000,000; Guanajuato, $2,000,000; San Luis Potosi, $500,000; Guadalajara, $600,000; Mexico, $1,000,000; Durango, $1,000,000. Total, $11,500,000; add bars of silver exported secretly, $1,000,000; total, $13,600,000. The richest of all the mines now worked are those of Real del Monte and Pachuca, situated about sixty miles from the city of Mexico. There is a Mineria, or school of mines, in the city of Mexico, which has received the support of all the succeeding governments. A line of Railway, (The National Mexican), from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico, was commenced in 1864. The army was in July, 1867, estimated at from 30 to 35,000 men. It was to be reduced by 18,000 men. 10. PARAGUAY. Capital, Asuncion. Area, 126,352 square miles. Population, 1,337,431. History. First arrival of the Spaniards, 1515; long and obstinate resistance of the natives; arrival of the Jesuits, 1608; administration of the Jesuits until 1758; beginning of the war of independence under Francia, 1811; Francia Dictator, 1811-1840; Carlos Antonio Lopez, President, 1844-1862; Francisco Solano Lopez, President from 1862. A large territory west of the Paraguay, the Gran Chaco, is claimed at the same time by Paraguay, Bolivia, and the Argentine Republic. In 1857, the capital had 48,000 inhabitants. Government. President, FRANCISCO SOLANO LOPEZ. Official accounts of revenue and expenditures are not published. One of the chief sources of public income is from the sale of the yerba mate (Paraguay tea), and other products of the land belonging to the government, which is about one-half of the entire territory of the republic. It yielded in 1859, 8,161,3283francs; customs, stamps and other duties, the rent of public lands, in the same year, 4,280,000 francs; 531 1869.] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. total sums of revenue in that year, 12,441,323 francs. A public debt was heretofore unknown; but in March, 1865, the President was authorized by the National Congress to contract a loan of ~5,000,000. Army and Navy. The standing army is 15,000 men; the reserve, 46,000 men. At the beginning of the war against Brazil and her allies in 1865, President Lopez was reported as having in a short time organized an effective army of 68,000 men. In 1868, he was reported to have reinforced his army by an army corps of women. The navy, in 1864, (according to the Buenos Ayres Standard), was composed of 3 brigs, 21 steamers, 15 smafl gunboats, partly iron-clad, each carrying one 80-pounder Armstrong gun. Commerce. The imports, in 1859 (according to a communication to the Moniteurof Paris), amounted to 8,833,000 francs; the exports to 7,703,000 francs; the number of arrivals and clearances, together, to 412 vessels, of 16,650 tons. 11. PERU. Capital, Lima. Area, 510,107 square miles. Population, 2,500,000. History. Foundation of a Peruvian Empire, in the 12th century; landing of the Spaniards under Pizarro, 1526; gradual conquest of the Empire; temporary independence of Spain; reestablishment of the Spanish authority, 1547; beginning of the war of independence, 1810; declaration of independence, 1821. The greater number of the inhabitants are descendants of Spaniards mixed with Indians. According to Paz Soldan (Geografla del Peru, Paris, 1862), the population, exclusive of uncivilized Indians (of whom there are about 400,000) was 2,355,000. Government. President, JosE BALTA, elected July 18, 1868. A new constitution was adopted in 1867. The President is elected for a term of five years. The Senate consists of two members from each department; the House of Representatives of one member for each 20,000 inhabitants. The parochial electoral colleges choose deputies to the provincial electoral colleges which, in turn, send deputies to Congress. The public exercise of any religion, save the Roman Catholic, is prohibited. The new constitution was adopted by forty-three against forty votes, while the provision that the Roman Catholic religion should be the religion of the state and, as such, protected and maintained by the state, was passed by a unanimous vote. The Ministry, appointed by President Balta in August 1868, is composed as follows: Interior and Presidency, Pedro Galvez; Foreign Affairs, Jose A. Barrenechea; Justice, Teodoro La Rosa, (November, 1868); Commerce, Francisco Garcia Calderon; War and Navy, F. Balta. Finances. The budget for 1867, as voted by the House of Representatives, was as follows: Revenue, ~2,689,083; expenditure, ~3,105,421; deficit, ~416,338. The chief source of income is the sale of guano, but the proceeds are for several years in advance pledged to the creditors ,of the state. The public debt July 1, 1866. was $108,458,760. Army and Navy. The Peruvian army in 1866, was composed as follows: Infantry, 8,400; Cavalry, 1,200; Artillery, 1,000; Gensd'armes, 5,408; total, 16,008. The navy consisted, in 1866, of the steamers Callao, thirty 68-pounders; Chalaco, four 68-pounders; Tumbez, four 32-pounders; Chanchamaya, two 32-pounders; Colon, two guns; two steam corvettes, America and Union, with 14 rifled guns each; the iron clads Loa, two 100-pounders; Victoria (monitor), with two 68-pounders; the iron-clad frigate Independencia, with fourteen rifled cannon; and the Huascar, with two 300-pounders and two 40-pounders. Comnmerce. The imports of 1865 amounted to about $35,000,000; exports to $40,290,048. The number of vessels which entered the ports of Peru in 1865, was 1,436, amounting to 926,977 tons; the number of vessels cleared was 1,316, ainounting to 884,471 tons. The merchant navy, in 1861, numbered 110 sea-going vessels, of 24,234 tons. 12. SAN DOMINGO. Capital, San Domingo. Area, 17,826 square miles. Paation, 136,500. History. For some prominent facts in the past history, see Hayti; re-annexation to Spain, 1861; insurrection, 1863-65. Spain acknowledges the independence of San Domingo, May 6, 1865. Since then almost uninterrupted civil war. Provisional President since 1867, Buenaventura Baez. The population is composed chiefly of mulattoes and whites. The annual imports and exports are estimated at about 6,000,000 francs each. The number of vessels annually entering the ports of San Domingo and Puerto Plata is from 100 to 120. 632 [1869. 13. URUGUAY. Capital, Montevideo. Area, 66,716 square miles. Population, 350,000. History. Declaration of independence by the delegates assembled in the city of La Florida, August 25, 1825; recognition of Uruguay as an independent republic by the treaty of Montevideo, between Brazil and Buenos Ayres, October 4, 1828; proclamation of the constitution, July 18, 1830. Population of the capital, in 1860, 37,787, and in 1862, after annexation of Cordon and Aguada, 45,765. According to a circular of Minister Herrera, in 1863, the population of the republic amounted to 350,000, among whom were 150,000 foreigners. Government. President, LORENZO BATTLE, since February. 1868; formerly minister of war. The ministry is divided into four departments: Foreign afairs, interior, finances, and war. The sessions of the legislature generally extend from February 15 to the end of June. During the adjournment a permanent commission of two senators and five members of the lower house remains in session. The President is elected for the term of four years. Finances. A budget extending from July 1, 1860, to December 31, 1861, gives the estimated receipts and expenditures both at $3,579,802. In consequence of the almost uninterrupted civil war, no budgets have since been published. The public debt in February, 1862, amounted to $20,000,000. Army. The army, in 1864, was composed as follows: Garrison of the capital, 1,500; garrison in the provinces, 1,500; national guard, about 20,000 men. For the war against Paraguay, which Uruguay undertook together with Brazil and the Argentine Republic, Uruguay contributed a contingent of 3,500 men; but nearly the whole of this force was soon withdrawn, as the outbreak of a new civil war was feared. Commerce. The imports in 1862, were $8,151,802; exports, 8,804,443. In 1866, the imports amounted to $15,380,000; exports, $13,238,000. The revenue from customs was, in 1862, $1,779,898, and in 1866, $3,293,924. 14. VENEZUELA. Capital, Caracas. Area, 368,235 square miles. lation, 2,200,000. History. Declaration of independence by Bolivar, November 20, 1818; meeting of the first congress, February 15, 1819; proclamation of the Republic of Colombia (New Granada and Venezuela), December 25, 1819; Venezuela seceded and constituted itself an independent republic, November, 1829; independence recognized by Spain, March 30, 1845. Government. Provisio President, JosE- TADEO MONAGAS, elected August, 1868; (died November, 1868). A new constitution was adopted in 1863. Finances. The public revenue, in 1858, was 20,525,275 francs; expenditures, 20,525,275 francs; the public debt, in 1859, amounted to 114,128,100 francs, 9,517,035 being interior, and 104,611,065 external debt. The army, in 1858, consisted of 10,000 men; the navy of two steam frigates and four schooners. The imports, in 1856, were valued at 27,985,644 francs; the exports, at 32,180,520 francs. 15. BRITISH POSSESSIONS. SUMMARY OF THE BRITISII POSSESSIONS IN ARIcA The Hudson's Bay Territory is not included. Negotiations for its annexation to the Dominion of Canada have been begun, but not concluded. Colonies nd Dependencies. 8qure mie. Inhabitt. Income. E.pemeee. Import. Exports. Canada, (1865)................ 331,280 2,881,862 ~2,442,090 ~2,685,482 ~9,295,931 ~8,850,240 New Brunswick............. 27,037 252,047 170,450.189,679 1,476,374 1,153,068 Nova Scotia................. 18,671 330,857 260,670 220,471 2,876,332 1,766,139 Prince Edward's Island..... 2,173 84,386 45,360 50,631 381,015 290,546 New Foundlan d............ 40,200 122,638 130,448 156,454 1,104,084 1,144,375 British Columb ia............ 200,000 13,671 205,000 242,040 1,092,031 153,730 Total 619,361 3,692,461 ~3,254,019 ~3,534,760 ~16,225,767 ~13,359,098 1869.] FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. 533 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. SU31MARY OF THE BRITISH POSSESSIONS.- Continued. Co'ee'es aed Dependenciec. Sqeare mile.. Inbabibmate. Income. Enpeneec. Import.. Enperti. Bahamas...................... Turks Island.................. Jamaica....................... Virgin Islands................ St. Cristopher................. Nevis......................... Antigua with Barbuda......... Montserrat.................... Dominica...................... St. Lucia...................... St. Vincent................... Barbados...................... Grenada....................... Tobago....................... Trinidad...................... British Guiana................ Total West Indies......... Bermudas..................... Honduras..................... Falkland Islands............... Honduras...................13,500 25,635 26,530 25,614 210,675 823,170 Falkiand Islands..............7,000 592 10,551 8,616 15,040 17,325 DOMINION OF CANADA. Capital, Ottawa. Area, 376,988 square miles. Population, 3,464,766. History. The old province of Quebec was, in 1791, divided into the two Governments of Upper and Lower Canada, with representative institutions for each. In 1840, the two provinces were reunited into the province of Canada, and the legislative councils consolidated. On Sept. 1, 1864, delegates appointed by the Governments of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward's Island, met at Charlottetown to confer as to the practicability of establishing a legislative union between the maritime provinces. Canadian delegates were informally present. A legislative union of the maritime provinces was found by the conference to be impracticable, but the, delegates were unanimously of opinion that a union on a larger basis (inclusive of Canada) might be effective. The subject was fully discussed at the Inter-Colonial Conference of Quebec, which was opened October 10, 1864, and consisted of 7 delegates from New Brunswick, 5 from Nova Scotia, 7 from Prince Edward's Island, 2 from New Foundland, and 12 from Canada. The conference lasted 18 days, and adopted the "Seventy Two Resolutions" as a plan of union. The Legislative Council of Canada, February 20, 1865, adopted a resolution, by 45 to 15 votes, to petition the Queen for a legislative union of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, New Foundland, Prince Edward's Island, into one Government. The same resolution was passed by the House of Assembly on the 10th of March, by a vote of 91(54 Upper Canada, 37 Lower Canada) to 33(25 Lower Canada, 8 Upper Canada). NewBrunswick, in 1865, chose a House of Assembly hostile to the Quebec scheme; but in 1866, at a new election, the Confederationists obtained a majority and union resolutions passed the House of Assembly by 31 to 8. The Nova Scotia House of Assembly, in 1866, issued union resolutions by a vote of 81 to 18. Prince Edward's Island repudiated the action of the delegates and declared against union. New Foundland declared against any immediate action on the subject. The Legislature of British Columbia, in 1866, expressed a desire to be admitted into the Confederation. In December 1866, delegates from Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, met in London to draft a Constitution. The English House of Lords passed a bill for the Confederation of the Provinces, February 26, 1867; the House of Commons March 8, and March 28 it received the royal sanction. A royal proclamation of May 22, declared that the Dominion of Canada should commence its existence on July 1, 1867. Serious opposition to the Confederation was shown in Nova Scotia, and at the election of a new legislature, the anti-Confederationists carried almost every district. Government. Governor General, Sir JOHN YOUNG, appointed, 1868. The Cabinet, appointed July 1, 1867: President of the Council, Hon. ADAM T. FERGUSON BLAIR; Minister of Justice, Sir JOHN A. MACDONALD; Minister of Finance, Hon. A. T. GALT; Minister of Militia, Hon. G. E. CRTIER; Minister of ugtons, Hon. S. L. TILLEY; Minister of Excise, Hon. WILLIAX HOWLAND; M-nister of Pbic Works, Hon. W. M'DoUGALL; Mtnister of Marine and Fisheries, Hon. P. MITCHELL; Ministerof Agriculture, Hon. JEAN C. CHAPALS; Secretaryfor Canada, Hon. HECTOR L. LANGEVIN; Secretary for the P ines, Hon. T. ARCHIBALD; Postmaster General, Hon. AEx. DER CAXPBELL; Receiver Genera', Hon. JOHN KENNY. ou [1869. -d D.p..d...i.. .il... I.-.. 984,487 11,884 295,398 1,854 25,076 7,925 40,464 3,463 13,272 12,727 19,000 98,870 20,342 8,759 220,313 309,372 Y,1,173,206 24,496 26,530 10,551 E.p...... 978,549 11,019 314,296 1,892 22,259 8,060 39,768 4,002 12,787 12,301 18,441 99,384 19,069 1,006 222,285 300,894 91,175,067 35,627 25,614 11 8,616 I.p.,,t.. Itl,470 467 1 80,549 1,050, 984 8 1511,394 37,176 160,571 15,795 52,374 70,758 151,145 953,335 114,111 47,487 810,347 1,359,292 .t6,504,423 200,983 210,675 15,040 E.P.. .22,063,474 62,Am 912,6u 81637 196,175 36 1651 192,632 20,916 53,181 107,321 147 1854 1,161,161 118,045 46 1762 820,109 2,089,639 28,036,565 40,239 323,170 17',325 3,021 ..... 6,400 57 103 50 183 47 291 250 131 166 133 97 1,754 76,000 88,683 24 13,500 7,000 35'481 4,372 441,264 6,051 24,440 9,822 87,120 7,645 25,666 29,444 31,755 15,727 36,230 15,410 84 1438 155,026 1,105,402 11,451 25,635 592 FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. F' The executive is vested in a Governor General, styled "Governor General of British North America," and appointed by the crown. He has a salary of'~7,000 per annum, and holds authority in the name of the sovereign of Great Britain. The Governor General has the power to give or withhold the royal assent to bills passed by the Senate and House of Assembly, or to reserve the same till the royal pleasure be expressed. Such bills as are assented to by the governor in the name of the crown are, nevertheless, subject to disallowance by the sovereign, within two years after the receipt of authentic copies by one of the principal secretaries of state in Great Britain; and no bills, reserved for the consideration of the crown, can have any force, unless the royal assent be signified within two years after they have been presented to the Governor General. By the act of Confederation of 1867, the legislative authority of the Dominion of Canada is vested in a Parliament of two houses, the Senate and the House of Assembly. The former consists of thirty-nine members, nominated for life by the Governor, and of the same number elected by the people. At the first organization of the Canadian Confederation, the total of the 78 members of its Senate-48 for Canada, 18 for Nova Scotia, and 12 for New Brunswick-were nominated by the crown. The House of Assembly comprises 181 members-2 for Upper Canada, 65 for Lower Canada, 19 for Nova Scotia, and 15 for New Brunswick. Members of the House of Assembly must be possessed of freehold property of the value of ~800. Electors in counties are required to be possessed of, or to occupy, property of the assessed actual value of ~50, or the yearly value of ~5; while electors in towns must be possessed of, or occupy, property of the yearly value of ~7. 10s. Members of the House of Assembly, during session, have an allowance from the public funds. Clergymen of all denominations are ineligible. The House is elected for four years, but may be previously dissolved by the Governor, in which case a new election must take place immediately. At least one session must be held annually. All proceedings and records of the Legislative Assembly are ordered to be kept, by the act of 1840, in the English language only. The Speaker of the House of Assembly is elected by the members, while the president of the Senate is appointed by the crown for life. Army. In addition to the troops maintained by the English Government, Canada has a large volunteer force, and an enrolled militia, numbering about 200,000 men, rank and file. The militia is divided into three classes, namely, first class service men, comprising unmarried men and Widowers without children between 18 and 45; second class service, married men and widowers with children, between same ages; third class service men, those between 45 and 60. The present volunteer force of Canada consists of 10,615 infantry, 1,687 artillery, 1,615 cavalry, and 202 engineers. Statistics of Population. The population of the Colonies now comprised in the Domin ion of Canada was 3,464,766, in 1865; in January, 1861, it was as follows: Mles. Females. Total. Upper Canada (now Ontario)..............925,575..............670,516.............. 1,396,091 Lower Canada, (now Quebec).............567,864..........543,702..........543,02..1,111,566 New Brunswick........................ 129,948..............122,099.............. 52,047 Nova Scotia..............................165,584..............16527...3....... 330,857 Total........................ 1,78,971...........1,501,590............. 3,090,561 The annual rate of increase during the decennium from 1851 to 1861 was 4.,34 per cent. for Ontario, 2.50 per cent. for Quebec, 2.60 per cent. for New Brunswick, 1.82 per cent. for Nova Scotia, 2.07 per cent. for Prince Edward's Island. At this rate of increase, and making estimates for the remainder of British North America, (New Foundland, British Columbia, Hudson's Bay Territory), in 1961 the population will be 79,957,000. INDIAN POPULATION. FRENCH POPULATION. Ontario.........................7,841.........7841 Quebec..................................4,876 New Brunswick......................... e,212 Nova Scotia.............................1,407 Prince Edward's Island....... 50........... 350 New Foundland.......................... British Columbia and Vancouver' Is... 23,000 Hudson's Bay Territory................ 80,000 Total............................118,686 The density of population is as follows: Ontario...................... 15 to sl. m. New Brunswick.........10....10 Quebec......................6 " ova Scotia.............21 " The Dominion............... 10 " Ontario...................................,287 Quebec............................84,320 ew Brunswick....................... 25,000 Nova Scotia............................ 20,859 Prince Edward's Island................ 10,000 New Foundland....................... 20,000 British Columbia and Vancouver's Isl.. 2,000 Hudson's Bay Territory................ 10,000 Total............................ 968,466 Prince'Edward's Island........44 to sq. m. New Foundland............... 3 British Columbia and Vancou ver's Island............ 1 to 5 " Hudson's Bay l erritory...1 to 50 " 535 1869.] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Productions. The average total quantity and value of the yearly raw products of the Dominion are about as follows: Grain, viz:.... Wheat...................30,000,000 bushels. Barley.................... 8,000,000 Oats.....................50,000,000 Buckwheat.............. 4,000,000 Indian Corn.............. 3,000,000 Rye...................... 2,000,000 97,000,000 bushels. Value, $60,000,000 Peas, etc...................................... 15,000,000 " " 12,000,000 Roots, viz:....Potatoes..... 5.............0,000,000 bushels. Turnips, etc.............. 25,000,000 " 75,000,000 " " 25,000,000 Hay................................................... 2,500,000 tons " 25,000,000 Butter and Cheese....................................75,000,000 lbs. " 10,000,000 Meats, via:.... Mutton..................250,000,000 lbs. Beef.....................200,000,000 Pork....................150,000,000 " 600,000,000 " " 35,000,000 Fish................................................. 80.000,000 " 3,500,000 Lumber, viz;.. Oak...................... 1,500,000 cubic feet. Elm...................... 1,500,000 White Pine..............25,000,000 Red...................... 4,000,000 Tamarac and Spruce..... 2,000,000 Miscellaneous............ 1,000,000 " 85,000,000 cubic feet. Value, $30,000,000 85,000,000 cubic feet. Value, $30,000,000 Wool.................................... 10,000,000 lbs. " 5,000,000 Miscellaneous.................................................." 5,000,000 Total....................................................................' $210,500,000 JAMAICA. This is the largest of the British possessions in the West Indies. The area is 6,400 square miles; the entire coast line, 500 miles. It is divided into three counties, Middlesex, Surrey, and Cornwall, and these are subdivided into sixteen parishes; the former number (twenty-two), having been recently reduced by the union of some of the smaller parishes with larger ones. The population, according to the latest census taken, was 441,264, of which 13,816 were whites, 81,074 of mixed blood, and 346,374 blacks. The increase from 1844 to 1861, was 63,831. Since the abolition of the representative institutions, by the vote of the old Legislature, the colony is governed as a crown colony, the administration being carried on by the Governor with the assistance of three executive officers, receiving their appointments from England. There is, besides, a Legislative Council, consisting of thirteen members, inclusive of the Governor, who is president. Of the other twelve, six are official and six unofficial, but all are nominated by,and subject to removal at the will of, the Crown. The principal exports of the island are sugar, rum, coffee, pimento, ginger, and dye-woods. The revenue for 1867, amounted to $1,477,420, showing a deficiency of $281,555. This deficiency is accounted for by the falling off in the two most important branches of revenue-customs and excise-the former having fallen below the estimates, $149,115; the latter, $138,195. 16. DANISH POSSESSIONS. Square miles Iniabitanlg, Greenland, (North America).................759,814581.................10,000 St Thomas and St. John, (West Indies)...........45....................15,037 St. Croix, (West Indies)........................... 74...................23,194 Total.........................................759,933................48,231 In 1867 St. Thomas and St. John were sold to the United States, but at the close of the year 1868, the purchase had not been ratified by Congress. Only a small portion of Greenland has ever been explored. The population given above is that of the 13 Danish colonies (districts). Of the population outside of these colonies no reliable estimate can be formed. The number of Europeans is 250. The colonies are divided into the two inspectorates of South and North Greenland; the former containing six and the latter seven districts. The number of European settlements is 88; besides these there are two Mis sionary stations. Most of them are established on the western coast. The principal villages are Frederick's Harbor, Julian's Harbor, Upernavik, and Good Hope. 536 [18M. FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. 17. DUTCH POSSESSIONS. Square mile. Inhabitants. Dutch Guiana, (South America).....................2,747....................59,078 Curacoa and other Islands, (Aruba, part of St. Martin, Bonaire, St. Eustache, Saba; West Indies)..... 368....................833,443 Total........................................ 63,115....................92,521 18. FRENCH POSSESSIONS. Square miles. Inhabitants. Martinique, (West Indies).....................81.................%. 137,673 Guadeloupe and Dependencies, (West Indies)...... 635....................149,331 Guiana, (South America)............................. 35,080.................... 25,137 St. Pierre and Miquelon, (North America).........51................. 3,56 Total........................................36,17....................315,677 19. SPANISH POSSESSIONS. Square mille. Inhbabitants. Cuba and adjacent islands...................... 48,489.....................1,396,530 Porto Rico and adjacent islands.................. 3,596.................... 588,08 Total.............................52,05.................... 1,979,838 CUBA. This is the most important island of the western hemisphere. Its greatest length is 750 miles; its breadth varies from 130 to 25 miles, and its total area is 48,489 square miles, being nearly equal to the area of Belgium, Holland, Denmark, and Switzerland taken together. It has a soil of the utmost fertility, yielding many of the most precious articles of commerce; in the mineral kingdom its resources are considerable, its copper mines being among the most productive to be found in the western hemisphere. The island has now twenty-seven different lines of railway of a total length of over 800 miles, and the construction of these roads has been attended with an extraordinary extension of cultivation. The population of Cuba is rapidly increasing: it had, according to official returns, 170,370 inhabitants in 1775; 272,140 in 1791; 551,998 in 1817; 704,487 in 1827 (311,051 whites, 106,494 free colored, 286,942 slaves); in 1846, 898,752 (425,767 white, 149,226 free colored, 323,759 slaves); in 1862,1,359,238 (764,750 white, 225,938 free colored, 368,550 slaves). From 1858 to 1862, 9,462 slaves obtained their liberty either by purchase or by gift of their masters. Many slaves besides were liberated every year by private document, and many children of slaves were registered as free, their liberty being obtained by gift of the masters or by payment of $25 before birth. A decree of the Provisional Government of Spain, in October 1868, provided that all children of slaves, born thereafter, should be free. Cuba is divided into three provinces. The Government is vested in a Captain-General who is the military commandant of the whole island, and the civil governor of one of the three provinces. The chief towns of Cuba are Havana, Santiago, Matanzas, Santa Clara, Santa Maria, and Trinidad. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS. 1836. 1862. Sugar........................arrobas.............. 17,729,589........................41,418,441 Coffee........................................ 1,470,754...................741,542 Tobacco.....................cragas.................. 168,094........................ 305,626 Indian corn................. fanegas................ 942,491........................ 2 179,724 Rice........................arrobas................ 929,658..................1,.....747,474 W ax......................... "................ 32,326........................ 68,420 PORTO RICO is thus divided in population:-Pure whites, 300,430; free colored, 241,142; slaves, 41,736. The exports, in 1860, were valued at ~1,100,000, and the imports at ~1,500,000. 20. SWEDISHII POSSESSIONS. '- ~ Square mId. Inhabitats. St. Bartholomew.......................... 16................2,898 Ceded by France to Sweden in 1784. Its shape is irregular; soil, fertile, though the island is generally destitute of fresh water. Products, sugar, tobacco, cotton and cocoa. 1869.] 537 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. II. EUROPE. 1. AREA-POPULATION-MOVEMENT AND DENSITY OF POPULATION-NATIONALITIES-THE GREAT POWERS-FORMS OF GOYERNMENT-CIVILIZATION. The total area of Europe is estimated at 3,781,280 square miles; the total population at 293,083,000. Among the large divisions of the world, Europe occupies the fourth place in point of area, being much inferior to Asia, America and Africa, and superior only to Australia and Polynesia. In point of population, it occupies the second place, being inferior only to Asia, and superior to Africa, America and Australia. The increase of population during the last century has been very rapid. In 1787 it was estimated at 150,000,000; at present it exceeds 293,000,000. It has therefore nearly doubled in 80 years, notwithstanding the devastating wars from 1793 to 1815, of 1854, 1859 and 1866. It ranks first among the large divisions of the world in density of population. The densest population is to be found in Belgium and the kingdom of Saxony; the thinnest in Russia, Sweden and Norway. In general, western Europe is more densely peopled than eastern Europe. Nearly the whole population of Europe belongs to the Caucasian race, using the Indo-European class of languages, and in particular, one of the three chief branches-the Germanic, Greco-Latin, and Slavic. The former embraces the Germans, the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons. The Greco-Latin branch comprises the Greeks, Rumanians, Italians, French, Spaniards, Portuguese, and Albanians. The Slavi, who occupy the whole of eastern Europe, embrace the Russians, Poles, Czechi, Moravians, Croats, Slavonians, Wends, Servians, Bulgarians. The population of Ireland, northern and middle Scotland, Wales, and the Bretagne (in France), is of Celtic origin; but the Celtic language has to a large extent disappeared, and politically the Celts have been absorbed by, or are at least subject to other races. The Magyars in Hungary, the Szeklers in Transylvania, the Finns in Finland, the Lapps, the Esthonians and a number of smaller tribes in European Russia belong to the Finnish branch of Indo-Europeans. The Basques in the Pyrenees are regarded as the descendants of the Iberians, the primitive inhabitants of Spain. Of the political divisions of Europe, Germany, Great Britain, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Holland and the great majority of the cantons of Switzerland are Germanic countries: in Austria, the Germanic nationality prevails in the provinces of Austria above the Ens, Austria below the Ens, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, the Tyrol, and Silesia; in Russia, the three Baltic provinces, Livonia, Esthonia and Courland, are under the predominant influence of the Germanic nationality, although the Germans do not constitute a majority of the population; in Belgium about four-sevenths are Germans. States in which the Greco-Latin languages prevail are France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Rumania (a dependency of Turkey), and the cantons of south-western Switzerland. To the same family belong three-sevenths of the Belgians and a part of the Tyrol. The only Slavic Empire is Russia; but the Slavi also prevail in Servia and Montenegro (Turkish dependencies), in the Turkish 538 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. provinces of Bosnia and Bulgaria, and in the Austrian provinces of Bohemia, Moravia, Carniola, Goritz, Istria, Gallicia, Bukovina, Dalmatia, Croatia. In general, the Slavi constitute the majority of the population of European Turkey, and nearly one-half of the total population of Austria. In Hungary, Magyars are the dominant race, and in Turkey the Turks; but the Turks do not constitute a majority of the total population in European Turkey, nor are the Miagyars a majority of population in the countries belonging to the Hungarian crown. With the exception of about three and a half millions of Jews, six and a half millions of Mohammedans, and about five hundred thousand pagans, the inhabitants of Europe belong to the Christian religion. (For details see the tables of Religious Statistics.) The countries of Europe have for many centuries been at the head of civilization, and no country outside of Europe, can compare with its leading powers in this particular, except the United States. No part of Europe is a dependency of a non-European power, while the whole of Australia, the larger portion of Asia, and a considerable part of America, Africa and Poly nesia are possessions and dependencies of European powers. (See America, Asia, Afriica, and Polynesia.) France, Great Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia are commonly called the Great Powers, which from time to time meet in European Conferences for the pacific solution of great European complications. Of late Italy has commonly been admitted to these Con ferences. There are in Europe four empires, (France, Austria, Russia, and Turkey); thirteen kingdoms (including Spain and counting Sweden and Norway as one); one ecclesiastical State, (the States of the Church); 7 Grand Duchies, 5 Duchies, 8 Principalities (not including Rumania and Servia, which are dependencies of Turkey); 6 Republics, (Switzerland, San Marino, Andorra, Bremen, Hamburg, and Lubeck). 2. THE STATES Or EUROPE. The following table gives a list of all the European States, their area and population, the name and title of the ruler of each, the year of his accession, and the form of government. stats. ASq. e. Ihhabitats. Noe and Titl of Ruler.' Form of Gooe.rnm Andorra............... 149 12,000 Two Syndics................. Republic. Anhalt................. 1,026 197,041 Leopold, Duke...........1817 Limited Monarchy. Austria............... 240,381 35,553,000 Francis Joseph, Emperor. 1848 Constitutional Mon. Baden................. 5,912 1,434,970 Frederic, Grand Duke... 1852-Lim. Mon. 2 Cham. Bavaria................ 29,373 4,824,421 Ludwig II., King........... 1864 Lim. Mon.' 2 Cham. Belgium............... 11,373 4,984,451 Leopold II., King......... 1865 Lim. Mon., 2 Cham. Bremen................ 74 10.9,572 Dr. Duckwitz, Burgo'ter.. 1868 Free City. Branswick............ 1,425 303,401 William, Duke........... 1831 Lim. Mon., 1 Cham. Denmark.............. 14,734 1,608,095 Christian IX., King.... 1863 Lim. Mon., 2 Cham. Faroe and Iceland... 40,2.8 75,909 France................ 209,428 38,192,094 Napoleon III., Emperor.. 1852 Con. Mon., 2Cham. Great Britain......... 121,115 29,3211,288 Heligoland, G.b.ltar 1 Victoria, queen........ 1837 Lim.Mon., 2 Houses. and Malta......... 145 1363 Greece................ 18,347 1,09610 George I., King......8 Lim. Mon., 1 cham. Ionian Islands....... 1,006 251,712 Grge I., ing...... 1863 Li. Mon., Cha. Hamburg.............. 156 305,196 Dr. Sieveking, Burgo'ter. 1868 Free City. Hesse-Darmstadt........ 2,970 823.,138 Louis III., Grand Duke.. 1849 Lim. Mon., 2 Cham Italy................... 109,837 24,368,787 Victor Emanuel II., King. 1861 Lim. Mon., 2 Cham. Lippe Detmold......... 438 111,352 Leopold, Prince.......... 1851 Lim. Mon., 1 Cham. 1869.] 539 TIHE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Ti STATES OF E UROPE.-Continwed. Name and Title of Ruler. Adolphus, Prince........ John II., Prince.......... Dr. Roeck, Burgomaster.. Fred. Francis, G'ndDuke. Fred. Wm., Grand Duke.. Charles III., Prince...... tWilliam III., King...... Peter, Grand Duke....... Louis I., King.......... iliaim I., King......... Henry XXII., Prince..... Henry XIV., Prince...... Alexander II., Czar....... Two Regents............ John, King............... Ernest, Duke............. Ernest II., Duke.......... George, Duke............ Chas. Alex., Grand Duke. Fred. G'nther, Prince.... Albert, Prince............ ,Marshall Serrano, head of Provisional Gov........ Pius IX., Pope........... Charles XV., King...... Dr. J. Dubs, Pres. Fed.Co. Abdul Azis, Sultan....... Charles, Prince........... Milan IV., Prince........ Nicolaus I., Prince....... George Victor, Prince.... Chares I., King l.......... Lippe-Schaumburg.... Liechtenstein.......... Lubeck................ Meck.-Schwerin....... Meck.-Strelitz......... Monaco................ Netherlands........... Luxeemburg.......... Oldenburg............. Portugal............... Azores and Madeira.. Prussia................ Reuss-Elder line....... Reuss-Younger line.... Russia................. San Marino............ Saxony................ Saxe-Altenburg........ Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.... Saxe-Meiningen....... Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Schwarzb'g-Rudolstadt Schwarzburg- Sonders hausen............. Spain.................. Pr vii,orn of GoveGC n mbnt. 1860 Lim. Mon., 1 Cham. 1858 Constitutional Mon. 1867 Free City. 18,41Lim. Mot., I Cham. 1860 Lim. Mon.', Cham., 1856i Limited Monarchy. 1849 Lim. Mon., 2 Cham. 1853 Lim. Mon., 2 Cham. 1861 Lim. Mon., 2 Cham. 1861 Lim. Mon., 2 Cham. 1859 Lim. Mon., 1 Cham. 1867 Lim. Mon., 1 Cham. 1855 Absolute Mon. 1868 Republic, 2 Houses. 1854 Lim. Mon., 2 Cham. 1853 Lim. Mon., 1 Cham. 1844 Lim. Mon., 1 Cham. 1866 Lim. Mon., I Cham. 1853 Lim. Mon., I Cham. 1814 Lim. Mon., 1 Cham. 1867 Lim. Mon., 1 Cham. To be decided by a 1868 Consti'nt Assemb. 1846 Absolute Sovereig'y. 1859 Lim. Mon., 2 Cham. 1868 Federal Republic. 1861 Absolute Mon. 1866 Limited Monarchy. 1868 Limited Monarchy. 1860 Limited Monarchy. 1845 Lim. Mon., 1 Chai. 1864 Lim. Mon., 2 Cham. States of the Church... Sweden................ Norway.............. Switzerland............ Turkey................ Rumania............ Servia............... Montenegro.......... Waldeck............... Wurtemberg........... AUSTRIA. Capital, Vienna. Area, 240,381 square miles. Population, 35,553,000. History. Establishment of a Margravate of Austria by Charlemagne, 791; Leopold I. of Babenberg, appointed Margrave. 983; First Duke of Austria, Henry Jasomirgott, 1141-1177; extinction of the House of Babenberg with the death of Duke Frederic, 1246; Austria under the immediate administration of the Emperors (" Austrian Interregnum "), 1246-1282; accession of the House of Hapsburg, two sons of Rudolf of Hapsburg, Albrecht and Rudolf being appointed rulers of Austria, Styria, and Carinthia, 1282; Albrecht sole Duke of Austria, Styria, and Carniola, 1283; Carinthia united with Austria, 1335; the Tyrol united with Austria, 1363; Albrecht V. elected German Emperor, (under the name of Albrecht II.), 1438; the imperial crown subsequently remained with the rulers of Austria almost without interruption until the dissolution of the German Empire; Hungary and Bohemia united with Austria under Albrecht V. (died 1439), but again lost after the death of Ladislav, 1457; Austria made an Archduchy, 1453; the Netherlands united with Austria, 1477; Charles V. (1519-1556), inherited Spain, which however, was again separated from Austria on his death; his brother Ferdinand, who had been ruler of Hungary, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia from 1526, succeeding him in Austria, and his son Philip in Spain; division of the territory among the sons of Ferdinand on his death, 1564; re-united in 1665; Transylvania united with Austria, 1683; large possessions in Italy (Milan, Naples, Sardinia), united with Austria by the Peace of Utrecht, 1713; Loss of Silesia, 1742; Gallicia united with Austria, 1772; Emperor Francis II. assumed the name of Emperor of Austria, 1804; dissolution of the German Empire, 1806; by the treaty of Vienna, 1815, Austria received its present territory, and Lombardy and Venetia in Italy; Lombardy lost, 1859; Venetia lost, 1866; Great Revolution and convocation of a Constituent Assembly, 1848; Hungary declared herself independent, 1848; was conquered, 1849; a constitution proclaimed by the government for the whole empire, 1849; conclusion of the concordat, 1855; proclamation i I 540 [1869. Sq. R... 171 62 107 5,190 1,052 6 12,680 991 2,469 36,494 1,483 135,806 145 320 7,862,568 22 5,779 510 760 9i56 1,404 374 33'-) 195,607 4,552 170,634 120,295 15,722 131,295 46,710 21,218 1,709 43,3, 7,5,321 I.h.bit-t.. 31 1ls6 71994 48,538 560,618 98,770 1,887 3,552,665 199,958 315,622 3,987,861 363,658 24,043,296 43,889 88,097 77,008,448 5,779 2,423,401 141,426 168,735 180,,3w 283 1044 75,07 67,500 16,302,625 723,121 4,160,677 1,701,478 2,510,494 13,544,000 3,864,848 1,078,!491 196,238 56,805 1,778,479 FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. of a new constitution, Feb. 26, 1861; first session of the new Reichsrath (Parliament), May 1, 1861; reconstruction of Austria on the basis of dualism, 1867, the country being divided in point of administration into two parts, the one comprising the German and Slavic crownlands; the other Hungary and its dependencies. (See Government). Area. The total area of the Austrian Empire is 240,381 square miles. The area of the CisLeithanian Division is 115,925 square miles, of which Bohemia has 20,062, and Gallicia, 30,313. The area of the Trans-Leithanian Division is 124,456 square miles, viz: Hungary, 82,839; Croatia and Slavonia, 7,443; Transylvania, 21,289, and the Military Frontier, 12,955. The following statement shows the changes in the area of the Austrian empire since 1780: 1780......................232,999 sq. m. 1815.......................256,559 sq. m. 1797.......................251,626 1859.......................248,311 1807.......................231,497 " 1866.......................240,381 1810.......................189,883 Population. The total population of Austria, according to the last official census, (1857), was 32,530,002. According to the " Statistisches Jahrbuch der Oestreich. Monarchie fur l1866," (Vienna, 1868), it was calculated at 35,553,000. Austria is separated into two administrations, each of which has its own Parliament. The former comprises the German and Slavic crownlands; the latter Hungary and the crownlands dependent upon the Hungarian crown. The former is called Cis-Leithania, (the provinces this side of the river Leitha); the second, TransLeithania, (the provinces on the other side of the river Leitha). The population of Austria belongs to four principal races: The Germans, the Slavi, the Rumanians, and the Magyars, (Hungarians). Their relative numbers according to the census of 1857, were as follows: Germans, 7,877,675; Slavi, 14,986,754; Rumanians, 3,196,079; Hungarians, 4,947,134; of other families, 1,209,949. The following cities have more than 50,000 inhabitants: Vienna, (1864), 578,525; Prague, (1857), 142.588; Pesth, (1857), 131,705; Triest, (1857), 104,707; Lemberg, (1857), 70,384; Gratz, (1857), 63,176; Szegedin, (1857), 62,700; Brfunn, (1857,) 58,809; Maria-Theresienstadt, 53,499. Reigning Sovereign and Family. FRANCIs JOSEPH I. Emperor of Austria, and King of Hungary, born August 18, 1830; succeeded his uncle, Ferdinand I. as Emperor of Austria, December 2, 1848; crowned King of Hungary, June 8,1867; married April 25, 1854, to Elizabeth, a Bavarian Princess, born 1837. Children-1. Gisela, born July 12, 1856; 2. Rudolph, heirapparent, born August 21, 1858. Emperor Ferdinand I., Uncle of the Emperor, born April 19, 1793, abdicated in favor of his nephew, the present Emperor, Dec. 2, 1848. His brother, Archduke Francis Charles, born Dec. 7, 1802, renounced the throne in favor of his son, the present Emperor Francis Joseph. Archduke Albert, born August 3, 1817, son of the late celebrated general, Archduke Charles; commander-in-chief of the army of the South in the war against Italy, 1866. The present reigning family descended from Count Rudolph of Hapsburg, elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 1273. Maria Theresa, the last descendant of this dynasty, married Duke Francis I. of Tuscany, of the House of Lorraine. Emperor Francis I. (179-1835,) renounced the Imperial crown of Germany, and assumed the title of Emperor of Austria. The following is the list of the Sovereigns of Austria since the 16th century: Charles V. 1519; Ferdinand I. 1556; Maximilian 11. 1564; Rudolph II. 1576; Matthias, 1611; Ferdinand 11. 1619; Ferdinand III. 1637; Leopold 1. 1657; Joseph I. 1705; Charles VI. 1711; Maria Theresa, 1740; Joseph 11. 1780; Leopold II. 1790; Francis I. (as Emperor of Germany, Francis II., as Emperor of Austria, Francis I.) 1792; Ferdinand I. (the former Ferdinands being Em perors of Germany, not Emperors of Austria, he is called Ferdinand I.) 1835; Francis Joseph, 1848. Government. Austria, a constitutional country since 1849, and a bipartite state since 1867, consists of a German-Slavic monarchy, (Cis-Leithania,) and a Hungarian kingdom, (Trans Leithania,) each having a separate legislature consisting of the Provincial Diets and a Central Diet. (See Area and Population.) There are in Austria proper, or Cis-Leithania, fourteen Pro vincial Diets, differing only in the number of deputies, and composed of the prelates of the church and the chancellors of the universities, of the representatives of great estates, of towns, of boards of commerce and trade-unions, and of rural communities. The Central Diet (Reich srath), consists of an Upper and a Lower House. The Upper House is formed of the princes of the Imperial family, of a number of nobles, of the prelates of princely rank, and of any other life-members nominated by the Emperor.' The Lower House is composed of 203 mem bers, elected by the Provincial Diets. It is incumbent upon the head of the State to assemble the Reichsrath annually. The consent of this Parliament must be obtained to all laws regard ing military duty; its co-operation is necessary in all legislation on trade and commerce, cus toms, banking, posting, telegraph and railway matters; in examination of the estimates of thg income and expenditure of the State, of the bills on taxation, public loans and conversion t 1869.] 541 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. of the funds. To give validity to bills passed by the Reichsrath, the consent of both Houses is required, as well as the sanction of the head of the State. Ministry of Austria Proper. Premier, Prince CARLOS AUIrRSPERG, (resigned Oct., 1868); Deputy President, Count EDUARD TAAFFE; Minister of the Interior, Dr. KARL GISKIRA, born in Moravia, 1820; Minister of Education, Dr. HASNER; Minister of Commerce, HERR VON PLENER; Minister of Justice, Professor EDUARD HERRERT; Minister of Finance, Dr. RUDOLF BRESTEL. The constitution of the kingdom of Hungary was acknowledged and sworn to by the present king, in 1867. It leaves the whole legislation and administration in the hands of the native nobility, giving to the king little more than the chief command of the army, and the right and duty to protect the country against foreign enemies. The power of legislation and of taxation is vested in the Diet and the County Meetings. The Diet is composed of two Houses, the Chamber of Magnates being formed of the prelates, the peers, the great officers of the Crown and the lords-lieutenant of the 52 counties and of the barons. The Lower House is made up of representatives of the towns and rural districts. The County Meetings elect the parliamentary deputies, as well as all county officers, and are occupied with local legislation and taxation, and the general business of the district. The Hungarian Ministry. Minister of War, Count JULIUS ANDRASSY, born 1825; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Count GEORGE FESTETICS; Minister of Finance, MELCHIOR LONYAY; Minister of the Interior, Baron BELA VON WENIHEIM; Minister of Education and Public TWorship, Baron JOSEPH VON EOTVOS, born 1813; Minister of Justice, Count BALTHASAR VON HORVATH; Minister of Public Works, Count EXERICH MIKO; Minister of Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce, STEPHEN vON GOROVE. The Sovereign of Hungary, though Emperor of Austria, is styled "king," in all public acts. The exchequer is managed by the "I Hofkammer" at Buda. The present ministry is supported by a strong majority, directed by F. Deak, the head of the "Liberal-Conservative" party, the most influential in the country; its organ is the Pesti Naplo, (Pesth Journal.) The opposition is now composed of the Left and the Central Left. Ministry of the Empire-Reichsministerium-for common affairs, first appointed December 24,1867: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Imperial Household, Count FERDINAND VON BEUST, Chancellor of the Empire; Minister of Finance, Baron FRANZ KARL YON BEcKZ; Minister of War, Baron FRANZ KUHN VON KUHNENFELDT. The following affairs have been declared common and pertaining to all the lands of the Austrian monarchy, by the law of Dec. 21, 1867. 1. The foreign affairs, including diplomatic and commercial representation. 2. War affairs, including war, marine, the granting of recruits and the manner of serving in the army. 3. Financial affairs, regarding expenses common to all the Austrian provinces, especially the current year's estimates and examination of accounts. The commercial affairs, especially legislation on tariff and duties, indirect taxation, coin and money, general railroads, and army regulations, are treated according to principles agreed upon from time to time by the different Diets. The costs of the common administration are defrayed by both divisions of the Empire, and fixed upon by mutual understanding of the respective Diets. sanctioned by the Emperor. The same rule obtains as to paying off the public debt. The administration of the common affairs is given to a responsible ministry. The delegation of the Central Diet consists of sixty members, one-third of whom are taken from the Upper, and two-thirds from the Lower houses. The delegates and their alternates are chosen yearly, but may be re-elected. The consent of both delegations and the sanction of the Emperor are required to enact a law. The Common Ministry is responsible to the Central Diet. A resolution is made valid only by absolute majority of all the members. The members of this Central Diet are inviolable and irresponsible. Their sessions are generally public. Education. Number of educational establishments in the years 1851 and 1857: 1851. 1857. Superior Institutions........................... 206............................ 255 Middle Schools................................. 3 8 8............442 Military Schools.........................63....... 63............ 53 National Schools.......................41,860...................... 47,270 Other Schools.................................. 1,676............................ 592 Total...........................,193................... 48,612 There are eight universities in the Empire, at Vienna, Prague, Pesth, Gratz, Cracow, Inns. pruck, Lemberg, and Linz. The number of students attending these institutions amounted, in 1860, to 8,256. There are seven Polytechnic schools, and 129 Theological Seminaries. The German population of the Empire is most advanced in general education; the least advanced are the Croats, Slavonians, and Dalmatians. At the conscription of 1857, it was found that of 2,649 recruits in the Archduchy of Austria, 2,323 were able to read and write; while in Bohemia, 542 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. there were among 11,213 recruits only 6,597, and in Dalmatia, among 928, only 9 able to read and write. Finances. The following table exhibits, in round numbers, the total net revenue of the Empire in each year from 1850 to 1863: Year. Revenue. Year. Revenue. 1850........................197,000,000 florins. 1857........................317,000,000 florins. 1851........................225,000 1858........................315,000,000 1852........................230,000,000 1859........................261,000,000 " 1853.................238.......,000.000 1860........................302,000,000 1854........................250,000,000 " 1861........................319,000,000 1855.....................283 000000 1862....................... 307,000,000 1856....................290,000,000 " 1863........................320,000,000 " The annual expenditure and deficit in the same period were as follows: Year. n Deficit. Year. Expenditure. Deficit. 1851.... 296000000 fori s. 71,000,000 florins. 1858... 367,000,000 florins. 52,000,000 florins. 1852... 310,000,000 " 80,000,000 " 1859... 317,000,000 " 257,000,000 1853.... 321,000,000 " 83,000,000 " 1860.... 345,000,000 " 43,000,000 1854....407,000,000 " 157,000,000 " 1861....368,000,000 " 49,000,000 1855....441.000,000 " 158,000,000 " 1862....,387,000,000 " 80,000,000 1856....371.000,000 " 81,000,000 " 1863....395,000,000 7" 5,000,000 1857....371,0000000 " 54,000,000 Budget Estimates. Revenue. Expenditure. Deficit. From Nov. 1, 1863, to Dec. 31,1864...570,047,335 florins. 609,447,289 florins. 39,399,954 florins. For 1865............................ 514,905,453 " 522,888,222 " 7,982,769 For 1866............................ 490,854,7.35 " 531,273,881 " 40,419,146 " The following shows the revenue, in round figures, for 1867: Direct taxes, 107,000,000 florins; Indirect taxes and Monopolies, 208,000,000 florins; Domaines and State Establishments, 75,000,000 florins; Finances and Administration, 24,000,000 florins. Total, 414,000,000 florins. Estimated expenditure for 1867: Imperial Court, 5,000,000 florins; Civil Administration, 203,000,000 florins; Army and Navy, 81,000,000 florins; National Debt, 152,000,000 florins. Total, 441,000,000 florins. The amount of indebtedness has been increasing since 1789, nor have the different loans negotiated in the last years afforded much relief. A forced paper currency was established in 1866, by declaring the one and five florin notes of the Austrian National Bank to be State notes; until withdrawn from circulation, they must be taken at the public treasuries at their full nominal value. In consequence of the war against Italy and Prussia, the amount of State paper was increased by 300,000,000 of florins in addition to the sums paid in 1865 and 1866. The public debt of Austria December 31, 1866, was as follows: Total of the former funded debt................................ 20,43,582 florins. Total of the new funded debt...................................2,449,801,129 Total of floating debt...................................... 434,657,428 " Capital reserved for indemnities............................... 14,915,550 " Total of the public debt.................................... 2,919,717,689 florins. Army and Navy. The Austrian army was thus constituted August 1, 1868: Peace Footing. War Footing. Infantry..............................................153.700...................7608,447 Cavalry..................................9229.................................. 42,705 Artillery, Engineers and Pioneers...............43072..................... 105,019 Gend'armerie......................................... 7,927.................... 7,927 Total................................243,928................... 764,09~ The Austrian army is formed by conscription, to which every man is liable who has reached his 20th year. The term of service is eight years in the regular army, and two years in the army of reserve. The pay of the troops is smaller than that of any other country, except Russia. There were, in 1867, 3 Field Marshals, 19 Feldzeugmeister and Generals of Cavalry, 71 Field Marshal Lieutenants, and 114 Major Generals in active service. A new law passed in 1868 by the Diet of both Hungary and Austria proper, raises the number of the army on its war footing to 800,000 men, and fixes the landwehr at 200,000. Austria has 24 fortresses of the first and second rank, namely, Comorn. Carlsburg, Temesvar Peterwardein, Eszek, Brod, Carlstadt, Cattaro, Arad, Munkacz, Cracow, Gradisca, Olmitz, Leopoldstadt, Prague, Brixen, Theresienstadt, Kufstein, Linz, Salzburg, Buda, Ragusa, Zara, and Pola. The last named is the chief naval fortress of the empire. Pola and Trieste are the harbors for war ships. The navy consisted, in 1867, of 66 steamers, 13,580 horse-power, 728 guns; of 16 sailing vessels, 340 guns. The number of vice-admirals was increased to 4; there were 16 captains of ships-of-the-line, 13 captains of frigates, 14 captains of corvettes, 105 lieutenants, 163 ensigns, and 84 cadets, 19,463 sailors and marines. 1869.] 543 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Commerce. The chief exports of Austria are: Corn and flour, hemp, tallow, glass beads, olive oil, quicksilver, currants, cream of tartar, lard, seed, shumac, sponge, wood, and wool. The principal imports are, cotton and woolen manufactures from Great Britain. The mineral riches are great, but the mines have been explored only to a small extent. The following table shows the quantities of metals and minerals produced in Austria, and their average value at the place of production: [etals and Minerals. QuantitieJ. Value i 1 1862. 1863. Gold, pounds......................... 3,459........... 8,027............ 2,043,588 florins. Silver, "........................ 63,239........ 70,635............ 3,177,923 Quicksilver, cwt.,................. 3,819........ 4,451........... 528,616 Tin and Zinc, "................. 25,530........ 24,384............ 286,297 Copper, "................ 48.070........ 46,718............ 2,653,721 Lead and Litharge,".131,...............1315 136,079............ 1,725,667 Iron, (raw and cast)..............." 6,218,627. 6,367,663............21,516,787 Graphite, "................. 98,696........ 98696 130,339............ 89,734 " Stone Coal, ".................46,167,796........45,566,852............ 8,864,986 " The total value of the imports and exports, including bullion and specie, to and from all countries, in 1860-1866, (exclusive of the province of Dalmatia,) is shown by the following table: Year. Imports. Exports. 1860................................257,000,000 florins............. 07,000,000 florins 1861................................ 272,000,000 "...... 09,000,000 1862..................0............... 30000........... 26,000,000 1863................................285,0...... 006. 322,000,000 1864...............................273,000,000............... 351,000,000 1865 (excluding bullion an specie).. 257,000,000 "............ 345,000,000 " 1866........................225,564,761...............30,086,050... The "Society of the Austrian Lloyd" is an important trading society, established at Trieste, in 1833; it commenced in 1836 to run regular lines of steamers to the chief ports of Turkey, Egypt, and Greece, and possessed, in 1865, a fleet of 74 steamers, of 12,500 horse power. The length of railways in Austria, in June, 1864, was 3,450 English miles, constructed at an expense of 748,627,030 florins. The extent of the telegraphs in the Cis-Leithan provinces is 1,913 German miles, with 4,617 miles of wire, 1,253 miles of lines used for railway signals. In the course of 1867, 17 new offices and 46 auxiliary stations were opened, and in all, 858 were at work at the end of the year; those in Hungary are 135 in number. 2. BELGIUM. Capitcal, Brussels. Area, 11,373 square miles. Ppulation, 4,984,451. History. In the 15th century, Belgium was a possession of the Duke of Burgundy; on the extinction of the House of Burgundy, inherited by Emperor Charles V. of Germany. After the abdication of Charles, united with Spain, under his son Philip. From 1598 to 1621, an independent kingdom; then reunited with Spain. United with Austria by the treaty of Utrecht, 1713. From 1794 to 1815 a part of France. By the treaty of Vienna, 1815, united with Holland. Established its independence, by the successful revolution of 1830. Population. Belgium has a population of 440 to the square mile, it being the most densely inhabited country in Europe. Of this population about two and a half millions are Flemish, the remaining portion Walloon and French. The population has increased since the establishment of the kingdom in 1880, as follows: 1830............................4,064,235. 1850..........................4,426,202: 1840............................4,073,162. 1860.......................... 4,731,957. Reigning Sovereign and Family. LEOPOLD II. King of the Belgians, born April 9, 1835; son of Leopold I. the first king of the Belgians, former Duke of Saxe-Coburg, and of Princess Louisa, daughter of Louis Philippe, King of the French. He ascended the throne at his father's death, Dec. 10, 1865, and was married, Aug. 22, 1853, to Maria, Archduchess of Austria, born Aug. 23, 1836, the daughter of the late Archduke Joseph of Austria. Children: 1. Princess Louise, born Feb. 18,1858; 2. Prince Leopold, Count of Hainault and heir-apparent, born June 12,1859; 3. Princess Marie, born May 21,1864. The king's sister, Princess Charlotte, born June 7, 1840, was married July 27, 1857, to Archduke Maximilian of Austria, Emperor of Mexico; widow, June 19, 1867. Government. Belgium is a constitutional monarchy, the legislative power being vested in the King, the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate. The royal succession is in the direct male line. The ministry is responsible; the King convokes, prorogues, and dissolves the Chambers, and executes the laws. He has the nominating power, and is the commander [1869. 544 I FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. of the sea and land forces; he declares war, and concludes treaties of peace, of alliance and of commerce. In default of male heirs, the king may nominate his successor, with the consent of the Chambers. The members of both Houses are chosen by the people. Every resolution is adopted by an absolute majority; in case of an equality of votes, the proposition is thrown out. The Chamber of Representatives is composed of deputies chosen directly by all citizens paying direct taxes. There is one member for every 40,000 inhabitants. The members are elected for folbur years. In 1868, the Chamber had 124 members, of whom 73 belonged to the Liberal, and 51 to the Catholic party. There were, in 1865, 13,152 persons possessed of the electoral franchise in Brussels, and 113,717 in the whole kingdom; half the votes came under four classes, viz: 25,000 farmers; 11,425 spirit dealers; 10,414 landed proprietors and life renters; and 9,819 retail shopkeepers. The Senate is composed of one-half the numberof Representatives. The members are chosen for eight years; they do not receive any pay. All citizens are equal before the law, and enjoy personal freedom in the fullest sense. Judges are appointed by the King, during good behavior. The Ministry. Minister of Finance, HUBER T FR:RE-ORBAN, appointed, 1868, President of Council; Mllinister of Justice, JULES BARA; Minister of Foreign Affairs, JULES VANi DER STICHELEN; Minister of War, GEN. RENARD; Minister of the Interior, EUDORE PIRMEZ. Education. Education, which was compulsory under the Dutch Government, has ceased to be so since 1830. The proportion of those who can not read and write, is about 30 per cent.; but much progress has been made in the last ten years. In the budget of 1864, the sum set down for public education amounted to four and a half million francs. Finances. The average annual expenditure from 1831 to 1860, was 128,000,000 francs. The budget for 1867, as voted by the Chambers, amounted to 166,000,000 francs. The estimates for 1868, are 169,00;0,000 for revenues, and 133,000,000 for expenditures. The national debt amounted May 1, 1868, to 717,000,000 francs; it is paid off gradually by the surplus of income over expenditure, and the operation of the sinking fund. It is calcutlate4 that in 1884, the net income of the State railways will be sufficient to pay the entire interest of the debt. Belgium has no floating debt. Army and Navy. The standing army of Belgium numbers 100,000 men, consisting of 16 regiments of infantry, 7 regiments of cavalry, and 4 regiments of artillery. The actual nuinber of soldiers under arms in 1866, amounted to 73,718 rank and file. The army is formed by conscription, to which every able man who has completed his 19th year, is liable; substitution is permitted. Term of sewrvice, eight years, one-half of which is allowed on furlough. There are eleven fortresses in the kingdom: Antwerp, Mons, Charleroi, Philippeville;Tirlemont, Ash, Tournay, Menin, Ypres, Ghent, and Namur. The Belgian navy consists of seven vessels, among which there are two gunboats of 5 guns each. Commerce. There entered, in 1865, at Belgian ports, 4,526 vessels, of 920,831 tons burthen, and there cleared 4,444 vessels, of 911,749 tons, about four-fifths of the trade being carried on by foreigners. In 1866, the total import was 747,000,000, the total export, 643,000,000 francs. The State Railway is the largest source of national revenue. Of the 1,191 miles of railroad lines, 467 are in the hands of the State. Of 100,000,000 passengers carried since 1835, only 6 were killed by accidents resulting from the service. The net revenue has doubled within the last ten years. As each conceded railway lapses gratuitously to the State in 90 years from the period of its construction, the entire system will, by the effect of time, become national property. 3. DENMARK. Capital, Copenhagen. Area, 14,734 square miles. Population, 1,608,095. History. Consolidation of the Danish territory into one kingdom by King Germ, (died 936); subjection of Norway, in the latter half of the 10th century; subjection of England completed by Canute the Great (died 1035). Both Norway and'England were lost again, and Denmark for a short time subject to Norway; re-establishment of the independence of Denmark, 1047. Conquest of Rugen by Waldemar I, (died 1182); of Pomerania and Holstein by Canute VI. (died 1201); of Lauenburg, Mecklenburg and Esthonia by Waldemar II, (1201-1241) but all the German possessions lost again, 1225. Separation of Schleswig from Denmark and organization of SchleswigHolstein, 1,386. Re-union of Denmark and Norway under King Olaf, 130; conquest of Sweden, 1389; and union of the three Scandinavian kingdoms, i)cnmark, Norway and Sweden confirmed by the "Kalmar Union," 1397. Separation of Sweden, 1448. Norway ceded to Sweden, 1814. Attempted incorporation of Schleswig with Denmark, 1848, and in consequence thereof, the 35 545 1869.1 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. first Schleswig-Hol.stein war, 1848-1851. On the death of the childless King Frederic VII. Prince Frederic of Schleswig-Holstein claimed the succession in Schleswig-Ilolstein. Holstein occupied by the Federal Troops of Germany, 1863; war of Austria and Prussia against Denmark, and occupation by them of Schleswig, 1864; cession of Schleswig-llolstein and Lauenburg, Oct. 30,1864. Area and Population. The area of Denmark, excluding the colonies, is 14,734 square miles; that of its colonies, 40,323 square miles. The population, according to the census of 1860, (deduction being made of the territory detached by the treaty of Oct. 80,1864), is 1,608,095; that of its colonies is 124,020. The population of Denmark proper has increased in the years 1855-1860 at the average rate of 1.31 per cent. Denmark is a purely agricultural country; the manufactories are but few in number, and of small extent, there being no coal, and but little water-power. The number of small proprietors is increasing from year to year. The capital, Feb. 1,1860, had 155,143 inhabitants. The colonial possessions of Denmark consist of the islands of Faroe and Iceland. Reigning Sovereign and Family. CHRISTIAN IX. King of Denmark, born April 8,1818, the fourth son of the late Duke William of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glticksburg, and Princess Louise of Hesse-Cassel. Appointed to the succession of the crown of Denmark by the protocol of London, signed May 8,1852; succeeded to the throne on the death of King Frederick VII. Nov. 15, 1863; married to Louise, born Sept. 7, 1816, daughter of Landgrave William of Hesse-Cassel. Children-1. Prince Frederick, born June 3,1843; 2. Princess Alexandra, born Dec. 1, 1844, married, March 10,1863, to Albert Edward, Prince of Wales; 3. Prince William, bornm Dec. 24,1845, elected King of Greece, under the title George I. by the Hellenic National Assembly, March 31, 1863; 4. Princess Maria Dagmar, born Nov. 26, 1847, married Nov. 9, 1866, to Grand Duke Alexander, heir-apparent of Russia; 5. Princess Thyra, born Sept. 9,1853; 6. Prince Waldemar, born Oct. 27,1858. According to the treaty of Vienna, in 1864, the King of Denmark renounced all his rights to Schleswig-Holstein and Lauenburg in favor of the King of Prussia and the Emperor of Austria. The present king is the first of the House Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glicksburg, the House of Oldenburg having reigned 415 years (from 1448 to 1863). Government. The constitution of Denmark is embodied in the charter of June 5,1849, which was modified in 1863, revised and sanctioned by the King, in 1866. The "iRigsdag" (Diet) enacts and amends laws in conjunction with the King. The Diet consists of the Landsthing (Upper House) and the Folksthing; the former having 66 members, 12 of whom are nominated by the crown, while the rest are elected, for a term of 8 years; the Folksthing consists of depu ties, elected by the people for 3 years, for every 16,000 inhabitants. All money bills are in the first instance submitted by the Government to the Folksthing. The ministry is responsible. The Rigsraad-Supreme Council of the Nation-consists of 47 members, appointed as follows: Nominated by the Crown, 12; elected by the Landsthing, 6; elected by the Folksthing, 12; elected by the qualified voters in different districts, 17. The fundamental law guarantees free dom of election and association, freedom of the press, the right to assemble, individual liberty, inviolability of residence, autonomy of the committees. All privileges by rank, title and birth are abolished. The chief Danish colony, Iceland, is divided into 3 districts; the affairs of the island are regulated by the Governor General, two deputy Governors and the Althing, composed of 20 members. The Ministry. Minister of Foreign Affairs, Count JURL VIND FRIJS VON FRIJSENBORG; Minister of the Interior, J. B. S. ESTRUP; Ministerof PublicEducationand EcclesiasticalAffairs, ALUTH SOPHUS HANSEN, (1868); Minister of Justice, J. B. S. ESTRUP, (1868); Minister of Marine, O. E. SUENSON; Minister of War, Major General W. R. voN RAESLAFF; Minister of Finance. ~. A. FONNESBECH. Education. Elementary Education is widely diffused in Denmark, the attendance at school being obligatory from the age of 7 to 14 years. Beside the University of Copenhagen, there are colleges at Loros and Aalborg, together with grammar schools, academies and normal schools, in all the considerable towns. The number of parochial schools, in which the children of the poor are educated at public expense, is above 4,000. Finances. The estimated Revenue for 1867-1868 is 22,029,637 rix dollars. The estimated expenditure for the same period is 23,114,372 rix dollars. The public debt of the Kingdom, March 31, 1866, was 131,116,340 rix dollars. To this debt was added, in 1867, a new loan of 10, 000,000 rix dollars. Total debt in 1868, 1,32,685,400 rix dollars. Army and Navy. The Danish army is formed by conscription, to which every man in good health, who has reached his 22d year, is liable. The first period of service lasts 5 years; 546 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. the second reserve extends to the age of 38 years. During the war with Austria and Prussia, 1863-1864, there were in the field, 49,300 infantry, 10,600 cavalry, and 9,000 artillery, with 44 guns. The present army consists, according to the law of July 6,1867, of 34,000 infantry, 1,900 cavalry, 7,700 artillery, anid 1,150 engineers; total, 44,750 men. The Danish Navy consisted, at the end of March, 1867, of 3 frigates and 2 floating batteries iron-cased, carrying a total of 55 guns; 1 steamship-of-the-line, 64 guns, 4 steam frigates, with an aggregate armament of 162 guns; 3 steam corvettes, with 44 guns, 4 schooners, mounting 11 guns; 7 iron gun-boats, with an aggregate of 13 guns; 6 paddle-wheel vessels, carrying to gether 38 guns. Of sailing-vessels, Denmark possessed 1 frigate, 1 corvette of 20 guns, a flotilla of row-boats (30), besides transports (37). The Navy is manned and officered by 1,308 men, 1 Vice Admiral, 3 Rear Admirals, 11 Captains. Commerce. The imports consist entirely of agricultural products. Jutland is the great cattle-breeding province of the kingdom. The exports are chiefly coals and iron. In 1863, the imports amounted to 39,000,000 rix dollars, the exports to 23,000,000. The commercial marine of Denmark consisted, exclusive of the duchies, Dec. 31, 1866, of 3,140 sailing vessels, of a total of 138,944 tons; there were, besides, 47 steamers, of 4,376 tons and 2,706 horse power. 4. FRANCE. Capita', Paris. Area, 209,428 square miles. Population, 38,192,094. History. Clovis, king of the Salic Francs put an end to Roman rule in Gaul, 486; Charle magne (died 814) ruler over France, Germany and Italy; separation of the three countries by the treaty of Verdun, 843; rule of the Carlovingians in France until 987; of the Capetingians from 987 to 1328; of the House of Valois, (a side branch of the House of Capet), from 1328 to 1589; of the House of Bourbon, (a side branch of the House of Valois), from 1589 to 1793; France a Republic from 1793 to 1804; Napoleon I. from 1804 to 1814; the Bourbons again, 1814 to 1848; Republic 1848-1852; Napoleon III. from 1852. Area. The area of France is 209,428 square miles, that of its colonies, 196,060. France is divided into 89 departments, with 373 arrondissements, 2,941 cantons, and 37,548 communes. Population. The population of France at the end of 1866, was 38,192,094; that of Algeria, 2,999,124, and that of all other colonies, 3,061,888. The increase of population in France within the last century has been comparatively less than in any other state of western Europe, as exhibited in the following table, which also shows the result of the sanguinary wars of the first empire, as well as of the Crimean Expedition. The population was: 1801...........................27,349,003 1841........................... 34,230,178 1806...........................29,107,425 1851...........................35,783,170 1821......................... 30,461,875 18....................36,039,364 1831.32,569,223 8 38,9,039,4 131....................32,569,223 18g........................... 38,192,094 The rural population is about 22,000,000. Of the 8,000,000 belonging to the industrial and working classes, 3,000,000 are inhabitants of towns. There are fully 6,000,000 houses in France, the greater number of them cottages with small plots of land. The rural population suffered a diminution of 1.18 per cent. in the period 1836-1861. Each of the following cities contains more than 50,000 inhabitants: Paris...........................1,825,274 Havre............................74,900 Lyons..................... 323,954 Roubaix..........................65,091 Marseilles........................... 300,131 Amiens...........................61,063 Bordeaux....................... 194,241 Rheims...........................60,734 Lille............................ 154,749 Nimes............................60,240 Toulouse....................... 126,936 Muhlhouse........................58,773 Nantes........................ 111,956 Montpellier......................55,606 Rouen........................ 100,671 Metz.............................54,817 St. Etienne.................... 96,620 Angers....................54,791 Strasbourg..................... 84,167 Limoges 2....................53,022 Brest..........................79,847 Nice..............................60,180 Toulon........................ 77,126 The proportion of births to the population is seen in the subjoined table: Inhabbitart for Bt for ry Inhabitants for Births feor every every Birth. 100 Inhabitants. every Birth. 100 inhabitants. 1861..............37.50..............2.68 1864.............37.58............. 2.66 1862...........37.70..............2.65 1865..........37.67............2.65 1863..............37.18..............2.69 Average, 37.49 2.67 The average proportion of natural children for every 100 births, was 7.56 in 1861-1863, that of still-born children in the same period, 4.32; that of marriages for every 100 inhabitants was 0.80, of inhabitants for every marriage, 124.9. The average proportion of legitimate children for every marriage was, in 1861-1865, 3.08 per cent. The number of inhabitants for 1 death 186.9.] 547 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. was 43.79; the mortality for every 100 inhabitants was 2.29. The number of emigrants amounted in 1849-58, to less than 200,C00 individuals, while in the same period, Germany lost by cmigration, 1,200,000, and Great Britain 2,750,000. Of 8,752 emigrants in 1861, 2,418 went to Algeria; there were 6,800 emigrants in 1862; of 5,7t71 emigrants in 1863, 1,486 went to Algeria. As regards nationality, about 32,500,000 of the population in France belong to the French race, (including 12,500,00C of the Proven;al branch); nearly 2,000,000 are Germans; 1,800,000 Walloons; 1,100,000 Bretons; 350,000 Italians; 160,000 Basques; 100,000 Spaniards. Departments. The following table gives the population of every Department according to the census of 1866, and the number of deputies for every Department, as officially announced in the Moniteur, for the legislative period from 1867 to 1871: - Provinces. Inhabitants. No. of Deputies. Provinces. Inhabitants. No. f Deputies. Ain...............3643.................. 3 Lot............ 288,919..............2 Aisne................. 565025..............4 Lot-et-Garonne........ 327,'.)62.............3 Allier................. 376,164..............3 Lozere................ 137,263..............1 Alpes (Basses)........ 143,000.............1 Maine-et-Loire......... 532,325..............4 Alpes (Hautes)....... 122117.............1 Manche..............573,899.... 4 Alpes M1aritimes...... 198,818.............. 2 Marne................ 390,809.... 3 Ardeche.............. 387,174..............3 Marne (Haute)........ 259,096.............. 2 Ardennes............. 326864..............3 Mayenne.............. 367,E55..............3 Ariege................ 2M0,436.. 2 Meurthe............... 428,387..............3 Aube................. 261,951..............2 Meuse................ 301.653..............3 Aude................. 288,626..............3 Morbihanl............. 501,084..............3 Aveyron 4.............. 3 Moselle............... 452,157.............. 3 Bouches-du-Rhone.... 547,903..............4 Nicvre................ 342,773..............3 Calvados.............. 474,909..............4 Nord................. 1,392,041..............9 Cantal................ 237.994..............2 Oise.................. 401,274..............3 Charente.............. 378218.............. 3 Orne................. 414,618..............4 Charente Inferieur.... 479,559..............4 Pas de Calais.......... 749,777..............6 Cher.................. 336,613..............3 Puy de Dome.......... 571,690..............5 Corraze............... 310.843..............2 Pyr es(Basss) 435486...3 Corse................. 9861..............2 Pyrenees (Hautes)..... 240,252... 2 Cote-d'Or............. 382,762..............3 Pyrcnces-Orientales... 189.)490..............2 COte-du-Nord 641210.................... 5 Rhin (Bas)............. 5&,970..............4 Creuse................ 274,057..............2 Rhin (Haut)........... 530,285..............4 Dordogne............. 502,673.............4 Rhone 6................5 Doubs 298072..............2 So (Haute) 31,706.............. 3 Drome................ 324,231...........3... Saune-et-Loire........ 600,006............ 6..5 Eure.................. 394467..............4 Sarthe................ 463619..............4 Eure-et-Loir 9053..................2 Savoie................. 271,663..............2 Finistere 8............. 662.............. 5 Savoie (Haute) 23768.............3..2 Gard........... 429,747..............4 Seine... 150,f) 16.........2,150,91... 9 Garonne (Haute)...... 493,777..............4 Seine-Infarieure....... 7 92,768.............6 Gers.................. 295,692..............3 Seine-et-Marnie........ 34,400..............3 Gironde.............. 701,855............ 6 Seine-et-Oise.......... 533,727..............4 Herault.............. 427,245..............4 cSvres (Deux).33,155............3. 3 Ille-et-Vilaine,....... 592,609..............4 Somme 52................ 2,64..............5 Iidre..........2 Ta........ 277,80......2 Tarn...355,513..............3 Indre-et-Loire......... 325,193.............. 3 Tarn-et-Garonne......228,969............. 22 Iscre................. 581,.86............. 5 Var................... 308,550.............. 2 Jura.................. 298,477..............3 Vaucluse............. 266,091..............2 Landes................ 306,693..........2 30nd6e..................... 404,473..............3 Loir-et-Cher.......... 275,757............ 2 Vienne..............I. 324,527.............. 3 Loire.............. 537,108..............4 Vienne (Haute)....... 326,037..............2 Loire ("aute)......... 312,661............. 2 Vosges................ 418,998.............. 3 Loire-lf6rieure....... 598,598..............4 Yonne................ 372,589..............3 Loiret..............357,110..............3 Total............................................................38,067,094 292 Reigning Sovereign and Family. NAPOLEON III. Charles Louis, Emperor of the French, born April 20, 1808; the third son of Louis Napoleon. formerly king of Holland, and of Queen Hortense, daughter of the Empress Josephine of Framice, by her first husband, Viscount Beauharnais; attempted to raise an insurrection at Strasbourg, Oct. 1836; sent into exile to America, returned to Europe, 1837; landed at Boulogne to raise an insurrection, Aug, 1840; condemned to perpetual imprisonment; escaped from the fortress of Ham, 1846; elected member of the Constituent Assembly, May, 1848; returned to France, Sept. 1848; elected President of the French Republic for four years, Dec. 10, 1848; dissolved the National Assembly by a coup d'etat, Dec. 2, 1951; elected President of the Republic for ten years, Dec. 20, 1851; chosen hereditary Emperor, Nov. 21, 1852. Accepted the imperial dignity, Dec. 1, 1852. Married, Jan. 29, 1853, to Eugenie Marie de Montijo, born at Grenada, Spain, May 5, 1826, the second daughter of Count de Montijo, grandee of Spain. Offspring of this union: Napoleon Eugene Louis, Prince Imperial, born March 16, 1856. Couysins cf the Emperor: 1. Princess Mathilde, born May 27, 1820, the daughter of Jerome, 548 [is6g. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. youngest brother of Napoleon I. 2. Her brother, Prince Napoleon Joseph, born Sept. 9, 1822, marrfed, Jan. 30, 1859 to Clotilde, born March 2, 1843, the eldest daughter of Victor Emanuel I. King of Italy. The Imperial dignity is hereditary in the male and legitimate descendants of the present Emperor, in the order of primogeniture. In default of male children, Napoleon III. has the right to adopt any of the male desn,-dants of the brothers of Napoleon I. The following is a list of the Sovereigns and Governments of France, with date of accession, from the time of Henri IV. IHouse of Bourbou:-Henri IV., 1589; Louis XIII., 1610; Louis XIV.. 1643; Louis XV., 1715; Louis XVI., 1774. Republic:-Convention, 1792; Directoire, 1794; Consulate, 1799. House of Bortaparte:-Napoleon 1., 1804. House of Bourbon:-Louis XVIII., 1814; Charles X., 1824. House of Borbonr -Oleans:-Louis Philippe, 1830. Republic:-Provisional Government, 1848; President, 1848. Houe? of Bonaparte:-Napoleon III., 1852. Government. The present Constitution of France, decreed iln December, 1851, recognizes five powers in the State, namely:-1. The Executive power, represented by the Emperor; 2. the Ministers, nominated by the Emperor; 3. A Council of State, to draft laws under the direction of tlhe Ministers; 4. A Legislative Body, nominated by universal suffrage, to discuss and vote laws; 5. A Second Assembly, formed of eminent men, acting as a mode-,ting power (Senate.) The Emperor is irresponsible; appoints and discharges his Ministers; commands the armies and na ies; makes peace and declares war; enters into alliances with other sovereigns and nations; has the sole initiative in legislation. No law is valid without his sanction, and no person can hold any office without taking the oath of fidelity to him. The Council of State, composed of 40 to 50 members, is nominated and dismissed by the Emperor. The Legislative Body is elected at the rate of one member to every 35,000 electors. The members are chosen for six years; the President and Vice President of both Houses are nominated by the Emperor, for the period of a year. The Emperor summons, prorogues and dissolves the Legislative Body; but, in case of dissolution, new elections must take place within six months. The Legislative Body of 1867-1872, numbers 292 members. The Senate is composed of the cardinals, marshals, and admirals of the Emplre, and a number of other members, (not exceeding 150), nominated by the Emperor. The dignity is irrevocable and for life. No vote of the Legislative Assembly is effeclive without the sanction of the Senate. The Ministry. Minister of State, EUGENE ROUHER, born in 1813, appointed 1863; 2finister of Juslice, ERNEST BAROCUE; Mfinister of Finance, MIAGNE, appointed 1867; 3!inister of tVe Imperial IIouse, Count T. B. VAILLANT, appointed 1861; President of the Council of State, Ad. VUITPY, appointed 1864; Jfinister of War, Ad. NIEL, appointed 1867; Minister of Marine and the Cofonies, Cu. RIGAULT DR GENOUILLY, appointed 1867; Jfinister of Io?reigr, Affairs, MARQUIS I)E LAVALETTE, appointed 1868; Jlinister of the Interior, A. DE FORCADE LA ROQUETTE, appointed 1868; MAinister of Public Instiructon, VICTOR DIuRuy, appointed 1863; Minister of Agriculture, Commerce and Public WVors, GRESSIER, appointed 1868. Education. Public education has made great progress in France within the last generation. In 1863, there were 116 pupils per 1,000 of the population. Catholics rarely visit school after 11 or 12 years of age, Protestants commonly remaining until about 16. Of the children who left school in 1863, 60 per cent. could read, write and cast accounts fairly. There were, in 1863, in France, 82,135 establishmenelts of primary instruction. The 36,499 Communes, provided in 1863, with means of instruction, comprised 41,426 public and free schools; more than one-third of the children were admitted gratuitously. According to a report of the Minister of War, in 1866. the number of conscripts unable to read amounts to 30 out of every 100.' Instruction is far more general in the eastern and northern than in the southern districts. The number of scholars in the secondary institutions (lyceums), November. 1, 1867, was 36,306; there were also, 253 colleges, numbering 32,453 pupils. The number of political journals, January 1, 1867, was 336, of which 64 were published in Paris; October 31, 1867, the number was 384, of which 74 were published in Paris. October 81, 1867, the number of non-political journals was 886 in Paris, and 805 in the Departments. Finances. The expenditure of the State has, under the present government, almost continually increased. It was, in 1853.......................1,487,000,000 francs. 1861.......................1,840,000,000 francs. 1854.......................1,517,000,000 " 1862........................ 1,970,000,000 1855.....................1,562,000,000 1863................. 2,15t8,000,000 1856.......................1,598,000.000 " 1864....................... 2.215,000,000 " 1857................... 1,699,000,000 1865.......................2,203,000,000 "' 1858.......................1,717,000,000 1866....................... 2,187,000 " 1859.......................1,766,000,000 1867....................... 2,08 6 000 1860.......................1,825,000,000 1868.......................2,139,000,000 " The city of Parisalone had a budget in 1867,,of 241,653,612 francs. 549 1869.1 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. EXPENDITURES-ORDINARY AND SPECIAL. The following are the budget estimates for the year 1868: Francs. Francs. Civil list and dotations............. 26.500,000 Ministry of Finance............... 18,436,354 Senate and Legislative Body........ 11,483,500 " War, incl. Gov. of Algeria. 363,075,338 Legion of Honor................... 10,362,780 " Marine and Colonies.....148,051,482 Funded Debt.................. 340,866,408 " Public Instruction. 29,195,821 Interest on Temporary Loans....... 35,09,336 " Agriculture............... 76,274,703 Life Rents......................... 88,458,539 " Imperial House........... 12,079,100 Ministry of State.................. 3,042,400 Collection of Revenue.............232,838,124 Justice.................. 81 560,221 Repayments and Premiums........ 12,341,500 Foreign Affairs........... 12,933,200 Departmental and Communal Ex]?.. 98,662,993 " Interior..................206,505,815 Total.........................................................................1,807,977,614 EXTRAORDINARY EXPENDITURE. Francs. Francs. Ministry of Justice.................. 5,300,000 Ministry of Marine and Colonies.. 15,200,000 "Interior................. 4,808,000...." "Public Instruction...... 1,535,000 " Finance................. 5,525,000 " "Agriculture.........70,324,300 " "War....................14,871,000 " Imperial House......... 7,100,000 Government of Algeria.............21,826,201 Total...........................................................................146,489,501 Grand Total Expenditure.....................................................1,954,467,115 REVENUE-ORDINARY AND SPECIAL. Francs. Francs. Direct Taxes.......................542.955,123 Sale of Gunpowder................ 12,613,000 Registration Duties and Domains..433,675,416 Post Office................... 81,752,000 Forests............................. 10,367,169 Schools and Universities........... 3,664,621 Customs and Salt Duties...........100,186,000 Revenue of Algeria................ 18,655,200 Sugar Duties.......................114,000,000 Produce of Govt. Establishments.. 14,593,300 Wmine and Spirit Duties............ 236,216,000 Miscellaneous State Receipts...... 45,726,679 Indirect Taxes.................... 34,688,000 " Communal Receipts. 41,813,070 Sale of Tobacco....................241,623,000 Total........................................................................ 1,932,528,578 EXTRAORDINARY REvENUE. Francs. Francs. Surplus of Former Budgets.........124,550,964 Interests of Austrian Debt.......... 250,000 WarIndemnityby Cochin China.... 1,080,000 Profits of Re-coinage............... 1,500,000 Forests......................... 2,500,000 Due from the Algerlan Society.......16,666,666 Total..........................................................................146,547,630 Grand Total, not including surplus of former budgets........................1,954,525,244 Probable Sturpllus......................................................... 58,129 The wars and war-like operations of France, since the accession of Napoleon III. have cost the following sums: Crimean War.............. 1,348,000,000 francs. Occupation of Rome.........50,000,000 francs. Italian "............. 345,000,000' " "Syria..........28,000,000 " Chinese ".............. 166,000,000 " Supplementary Expenses....89,000,000 Mexican Expedition...... 600,000,000 " Total.................................................................2,626,000,000 " The public debt of France rose from 5,346,000,000 francs in 1851 to 9,719,000,000 francs in 1861, and amounted in 1864, to 12,316,000,000 francs. The amount of annual interest payable on the public debt, in 1868 was: Francs. Francs, Consolidated Debt, stock 4+ per ct.. 37,357,126 Sound Dues.......................... 248,832 " ".....4 " 446,096 Scheldt Dues...................... 340,504 ~" " " 3 "..303,063,186 Payment to Spain.................. 20,000 Floating Debt...................... 26,000,000 Life Rents, Pensions, Endowments. 311,900 Securities.......................... 8,700,000 Total..........................................................................376,487,644 Total public debt of France, in 1868: Capital of consolidated debt, 10,942,768,743 francs; floating debt, 900,000,000 francs; securities, 290,000,000 francs: grand total, 12,132,768,743 francs. Army. The army of France is formed by conscription, to which every man who has reached the age of 21, is liable. By the terms of the new plan of organization of the army, it is to consist of the regular army and the army of reserve, the number of each to be 400,000 men. There is, besides, a standing "National Garde Mobile," to be organized to the number of about 400,000 men, destined as an auxiliary to the active army in the defense of the fortresses, coasts and frontier of the empire. The total strength of the army is, therefore, to consist of 1,200,000 men. Every man drawn for conscription has the right to buy a substitute, but the right to furnish substitutes has become a government monopoly, which encourages greatly the reenlistment of old soldiers, thus giving the army a standing nucleus of experienced troops. The number of volunteers for the army, without bounty, is on the decrease. Advancement to the highest 550 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. The details of the organization of the French military rank is open to every French soldier. army, on a peace-footing, are as follows: INFANTRY. 3 regiments of Imperial Grenadier GuLards......... 6,438 men. 4 " Voltigeurs.......... 8,584 " 100 " Inf. of the liie c....211,150 7 " Chasseurs.......... 15,093 " 4 " Zouaves.......... 9,834 " 1 " African Light Inf.. 1,644 " 1 " Foreign Legion.. 2,049 3 " Tirailleurs of Al geria........... 7,926 " Veterans and other troops 2........ 2,679 Total........................ 265,397 " CAVALRY. Coast Guards....................... 221 men. G2 regiments of Carbineers........... 1,051 12 " C3iirassiers............9,361 13 " D~ragoons............ 11,023 9 " Uhlans.............. 7,699 13 " Mounted Chasseurs..11,868 " 1 " Imperial Guides..... 1,051 " 8 " Hussars........... 7,538 " 3 " Chasseurs d' Afrique. 4,504 " 3 " Spahis............... 3,489 " 2 " RemonteandCav. Sch. 2,836 " Total..........................60,641 " 18 regiments of Foot and Horse Artillery, and general staff...................32,037 men. 2 Artificers..............................................1,384 3 Train.................................................3,531 2 Armorers, Gunmakers, &c................................1,744 Total........................................................38,496 There are also several regiments of engineers (5,00(1 men), Gendarmerie (24,548), and troops of administration and military equipage (15,705)-Total 48,253 men. The General Staff consisted, in 1367. of 9 Marshals, 90 Division Generals, 161 Brigade Generals. On the war footing there are 12 Marshals, 90 Division Generals, 180 Brigade Generals, 580 staff officers, topographi. cal staff 717, interpreters 75; total, 1,913. The summary of the army is as follows: PEAOE FOOTINO. WAR FOOTING. R Ro, Mo Roroc Staff.1,845.160.11)14. Gendarmes...................24,548......14,701.................25,638......15,000 Infantry.265,397.402.515.035. Cavalry.....................(10,641......44,007................100,"1......65,000 Artillery....................38,496......16,344.................66,152......49,838 Engineers....................8,000........937.................15,443......1,400 Other troops.................15,705.......5,526.................33,365......12,000 Total.................414,632......8-,127................757,798.....143,238 The whole ol France is divided into six "Arondissements Militaires" (army corps), each commanded by a field-marshal. France has 119 fortresses, of which 8 are of the first rank-Paris, Lyons, Strasburg, Metz, Lille, Toulon, Brest, and Cherbonrg-12 of the second rank, 23 of the third, and 76 of the Navy. The French navy is governed by the Minister of Marine and the Colonies, who has under him a Council of Admiralty, consisting of four vice-admirals, one rear-admiral, a director Actual number. In course of construction. Iron-clad ships of the line and frigates...................16......................24 " Corvettes....................................... 1...................... 19 Transports............................................... 80...................... Flotilla.................................................101...................... 24 Iron-clad guard ships................................... 26...................... 4 All other steamers and sailing vessels..............183...................... 54 Total....................................40 —7..................... 125 The strength in guns of the entire navy, Jan. 1,1867, was 6,784 (excluding 291 vessels in course of construction); the horse-power of the fleet of steamers was 106,241. The most remarkable among the French men-of-war, and patterns, more or less, of the whole of them, are the six iron-clads, Magenta, Solferino. Couronne, Normandie, Invincible and Taurean. The largest iron-clad is the ram Dunderberg, built at New York and purchased by the French Government in 1867; it carries 16 guns and has a total burthen of 5,090 tons. The French navy is manned by conscription, like the army. It was officered and manned, on the 1st of July 1867, by 2 admirals; 16 vice-admirals in active service, and 10 on the reserve list; 24 rear-admirals in active service, and 19 on the reserve list; 130 captains of first-class men-ofwar; 270 captains of frigates; 825 lieutenants; 600 ensigns; 300 midshipmen, and 800 pupils. 551 1s69.] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. PERSONNEL OF THE NAVY. MARINES AND COLONIAL TROOPS. Peace footing. War footing. Peae footing. Officers............ 2,502 men......3,074 men. Generals (6 in active service and Engineers......1,690....1,690 6 on the reserve list)..............12men. Chapl'ns, Surgeons. 2.32 "....Gendarmery........................1,055 Mechanics..........4,466......4,466 Infantry..........................15,688 Chief Machinists.. 40...... 40 Tirailleurs........................ 1,888 Sailors............33,973,....66,000 Artillery.....................1,(45" Engineers and other troops.......6,16 Total....... 43,503.....76,102" Work'gmen in pts..23,4.....25,000 Total........................26,414 The maritime population liable to service is stated to be 170,000 men; the number of men inscribed on the navy list is 89,000, which number, after deducting men over 40 years, is reduced to about 66,000 men. The approaches to the French coast are to be defended by 344 batteries and 27 forts. Commerce. The sum total of the general commerce of France in 1865 amounted to 7,614,000,000 of francs, of which 3,527,000,000 represented the imports, and 4,087,000,000 the exports. It was a total increase of 285,000,000 over the preceding year. The import from the Uhited States, ill 1865, was 106,000,000. the export to the same country 241,000,000. The general commerce of France with its colonies and foreign countries amounted in 1866 to the actual value of 8,126,000,000 francs, an increase of 512,000,000 over the preceding year. The import of 1866 was 3.845,000,000, the export 4,281,000,000. The imports from the United States amounted to 192,000,000, the exports to the United States, 173,000,000. The chief articles of import in 1866 were cereals (44,000,000). The following table shows the value of the principal articles of import and export in 1862 and 1865: IMPORTS. EXPORTS. 1862. 1865. 1862. 1865. Silk..........236,00(0,000 frs....355,000,000 frs. Silk Stuffs....364,000,000 frs....429,000,000 frs. Raw Wool...181,000,000"....236,000,000" Woolen "...222,000,000 "....303,000,000 Cereals..... 158,000,000 ".... 18,000,000 " Wines........211,000,000."....260,000,000 Raw Cotton..136,00(0,000"....300,000,000" Tabletteries Wood...... 118,000.000"....151,000,000 " F urniture..141,000,000.... 202,000,000 Coal..........102,000,000".... 118,000,000 Clothes..... 95,000,000.... 124,000,000 GOLD AND SILVER. Imports. Exports. Imports. Export. 1861.....1,048,000,000 frs....507,000,000 frs. 1865.....56,000,000....456,000,000 frs. 1862..... 659,000,000.... 4:3,000,000 " 1866.......420,000,000 "....502,000,000 1863.... 734,000,000....651,000,000 1864..... 533,000,000....588,000,000 Total..3,930,000,000 "...3,137,000,000 The importance of the greatest centers of commerce will be shown by the amount of duty paid in 1865, as follows: Paris 26,000,000 francs, Marseilles 19,000,000 frs., Nantes 19,000,000 frs., Havre 16,000,000 frs., Bordeaux 14,000,000 frs. The official report of Feb. 7, 1867, states the amount of production of coal to have been about 120,000,000 quinltals. of cast iron about 13,000,000, (worth 135,000,000 frs.) The most valuable productions of agriculture are officially stated to be as follows: Value. Straw. Wheat.............................1,566,000,000 francs............346,000,000 francs. Mixed grain........................ 108,000,000 "..............33,000,000 " Rye............................ 279,000,000...............90,000,000 " Barley.............................. 147,000,000 "............ 25,000,000 " Oats............................... 365,000,000 "............ 87,000,000 Potatoes........................... 268,000,000 " Wine.............................. 500,000,000 " The number of letters and newspapers sent by the Post Department, was in Letters. Newspapers. l52..............................181,000,000...........................95,000,000 1862............................283,000,000 o,ooo.......................202,000.000 1866..............................327,000,000 W,000................2.......1294,000,000 The length of the telegraph lines was, at the end of 1865, about 19,000 miles; the number of private dispatches nearly 2,500,000. The railroads in France are left to private companies, but superintended, and if necessary, assisted in their operations by the State. They are now almost entirely in the hands of six great companies, which had, in 1867, an aggregate of 7,989! miles in operation. The expenses of the companies January, 1868, and for finishing conceded lines, exclusive of the State subsidy, were estimated at 7,864,000,000, the largest portion of which falls on the line from Lyons to the Mediterranean Sea. The State subsidies amounted, at the above date, to 984,000,000. The French railroads earned 603,000,000 francs in 1866, and carried 84,000,000 travelers. 552 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. The Bank of France was established in S1803; the sum of its circulating notes fluctuated, in 1866, betveen 8-.C;,,03,COO and 1,029,000,000 francs. The number of authorized Savings Banks in S1865, was 4t7. The proportionally greatest number of depositors was reached in the departments of the Seine, and of the Seine-ct-Miarnie, where there was one depositor for every 8 inhabitants. The total number of IMutual Aid Societies at the end of 1365, was 5,614, having 54,657 members; their capital hadl increased, Dec. 31, 186S6, to 43,003,003 frances. Colo32ios. The Colonies arc, Martinique, Guadaloupe, Guiana, Rldunion, Seu'ngal, St. Pierre and Mlqiquelon, Frence. Possessions in India, and Alersia. They are subjectd to spectal laws. In 1848, the Provisional Government decreed the total abolition of slavery in the French colonies. Guiana is the chief penal colony of France. 5. GERMANY. History. First organization of Germany into a kingdom by the treaty of Verdun, 843; reign of Carlovingians, until 911; the Saxon dynasty, 919-1024; Franconian dynasty, 10241125; the House of Ilohenlstauofen, 1138-1254; the Iouse of IIapsburg, from 1273, with short intermissions, until the dissolution of the Germnan empire, 18G06; establishment of the Gerlnan Confederation of thirty-nine states in 1815, which existed until 1866. By that time, six states had become extinct. In consequence of the war, Austria was excluded from Germally, Luxemburg was released from all connection with Germany, and five sovereign states, Hanover, Hesse-Cassel Holstein, Nassaui, and Frankfort were alrnnexed to Prussia. Of the remainder, twenty-one states north of the River ain, and part of Hesse-Darmstadt, formed, under the leadership of Prussia,tiie North German Confederation; while four states in South Germainy-Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Baden and the greater part of Hesse-Darmstadt are designated by the collective name of South German States. Liechtenstein has no connection with either the North German Confederation or any of the South German States, though statistically it is sometimes classed with South Germany. The Constitution of North Germany was drawn up by the Prussian Government in 1861, and adopted in the same year by a parliament, elected by universal suffrage-at the rate of one member for 100,0O9 inhabitants. According to this Charter, the states of Prussia, Saxony, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Oldenburg, Brunswick, Saxe-Weimar, Mecklenlburg-Strelitz, Saxe-Meiningen, Anhalt, Saxe-Cobur-Gotha, Saxe-Altenburg, Waldeck, Lippe-Detmold, Schwarzburg-Rudol. stadt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Reuss-Schleiz, Reuss-Greiz, Schaumburg-Lippe, Hamburg, Lubeck, and Bremen, have been formed into a Union, for the protection of the territory of the Union and its laws, as well as for the care of the welfare of the German people. Area and Population. The subjoined table gives the area and population of Germany entire, accordling to the census of 1867: NORTH GERMANY. Names ot,,C-e Sq Ih~btate. Names of State,. Sq. I.habitants. Prusia.................135,806...... 24,043,296 Waldeck....................438...... 56,805 Saxony............. 5,779...... 2,423,401 Lippe-Detmold.............. 438..... 111,352 Mecklenburg-Schwerinl. 5,190...... 560,618 Schwarzbtrg-PtRudolstadt....374...... 75,074 Oldenburt............... 2,46)...... 815,622 Schwarzb'g-Sondershiausen...3382...... 67,500 Bruns ic.............,...... 303,401 Reuss-Greiz.................145...... 43,889 Saxe-Weimar........... 1,404...... 283,044 Reuss-Schleiz............... 820..... 88,097 Mecklenburg-Strelitz... 1,052...... 98,770 Schanmburg-Lippe.......... 171...... 1.186 Saxe-Meinilgen........ 956...... 180.3835 Hamburg.................. 156...... 30)5,196 Anhalt.................. 1,026...... 197,041 Lubeck.................107...... 48,538 Saxe-Cobur;z-Gotha..... 760...... 168,7'1 Bremen............. 4...... 109,572 Saxe-Alteibiurg........ 510......141,426 Hesse-Darms'dt (No. part).1,28)...... 257,479 Total................................................................160,207 29,910,37 SOUTH GERMANY. Name of States. Sq. Miles. Inhabitants. Names of States. Sq. Miles. Inhabitants. Bavaria...................29,373......4,824,421 Hesse-Darms'dt (So. part)... 1,61)).... 565,659 Wurtember............. 7532......1,1778,49 Liechtenstein...............62...... 7,994 Baden.................... 5,912......1,434,970 Total......................................................... 44,569 8,611,523 Total of the whole of Germ.any................................................. 204,776 38,521,900 Adding Luxembturg, (199.958 inhabitants), which still is a part of the German Zollverein. the population would be'-8,721,858. Total ol Hesse-Darmstadt, 2,970 sq. miles and 823,138 inhabitants. The population of Germany, in 1818, was estimated to be 80,157,638; it had increased, in 1865, to 46,412,000, or 54 per cent. If we deduct the population of German Austria, Limbur, and ls69.] 553 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Luxembtrg —nearly 10,030,003-and add the population of the provinces of Prussia and Posen, as well as of Schleswig, which did not belong to the German Confederation before 1866, but now, being part of the North German Confederation, belong to Germany-about 3.009,000-we have a population, which in 1818, in the present area of Germany amounted to 3,000,000, and which has since increased to about 38,000,000, or about 64 per cent. The greatest increase took place in Bremen, 103 per cent.; Saxony, 8.5 per cent.; and Reuss, elder line, 83 per cent. There were, in 1864, 18,699,608 females, and 17,783,25 males, a difference of 913,383, the differ ence in France being, in 1866, only 38,876. No European country, except Ireland, has lost so much by emigration as Germany. The emigration exceeded that of Ireland in the middle of the last decade. The following table shows the number of emigrants in the six years given: 1847.................109,531 185.................162,301 1854................. 241,931 1851.................112,547 1853.................157,180 1857.................. 115,976 Education. There are twenty-three Universities in Germany, viz: Nine in Prussia, (Ber lin, Bonn, Breslau, Halle, Greifswalde, Konig,sburg, Gottingen, Marburg and Kiel); three in Bavaria, (iMunich, Wiirzburg, Erlangen); two in Baden, (Heidelberg and Freiburj); one in Saxony, (Leipsic); one in Wiirtemberg, (Tiibingen); one in the Saxon Duchies, (Jena); one in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, (Giessen); one in Mecklenburg, (Rostock). There are six Polytechnical Institutions, and the Mining Academy at Freiburg. The Zollverein (Customs Union). The German Zollverein began in 1828, by a Customs Union between Prussia aud the Grand Duchy of Hesse, and the Duchy of Anhalt. It now embraces all the German countries. It is to continue until the end of December, 1877. A Federal Customs Council and Parliament has been instituted. In the former, Prussia has 17 votes, Bavaria 6, Saxony and Wurtemberg 4 each, Baden and Hesse 3 each, Schwerin and Brunswick 2 each, Weimar, Strelitz, Oldenburg, Meiningen, Altenburg, Gotha, Anhalt, Rudolstadt, Sondershausen, Waldeck, Reuss elder and younger line, Schaumburg-Lippe, Hamburg, Bremen, and Lubek, I each; total, 58 votes. The Customs Parliament is formed of the members of the North German Parliament, and of delegates of the South German States by universal and direct election. The total Revenue of the Zollverein rose from 23,000,000 thalers in 1848, to 31,000,000 thalers in 1866. The Zollverein exported cotton goods, in 1864, to the amount of 35,941 quintals. The beetsugar manufacture in the territory of the Zollverein, in 1865-66 consumed 43,500,000 quintals of beets. There were, in 1864, 1,744 foundries, producing 37,000,000 quintals, of 118,000,000 thalers value. The 4,788 mines, in the same year, wrought by 191,000 workingmen, yielded 580,000,000 quintals, of 54,000,000 thalers value. There are, excluding the mills,. nearly 180,000 manufacturing establishments in the Zollverein. There were, in 1865, 280,476 depositors in German Life Insurance companies, representing a capital of 278,000,000 thalers; there were in the same year, about 1,500 Mutual Aid (credit) societies, consisting of 350,000 members The Merchant Navy of the North German Confederation consisted, in the beginning of 1868, of 4,407 sea-going vessels, of 1,345,268 tons, and of 5,479 river and coasting vessels, of 115,359 tons. It was manned by 33,800 men. There entered the ports of the Zollverein, in 1865, 18,832 sailing vessels and 1,639 steamers; cleared, 18,552 sailing vessels and 1,645 steamers. NORTH GERMANY. Government. The following are the main features of the new Constitution of North Germany: The legislative power is exercised by a Federal Council and a Parliament. They control the customs, commercial legislation, coining of money, weights and measures, banking questions, questions relating to the rights of natives and aliens, patents for inventions, protection of German trade, railways and roads, postal and telegraphic services, navigation of rivers, common law procedure, commercial law, and the laws upon change. The Federal Council forms the representation of the various governments. Its votes are divided thus: Prussia, 17, Saxony, 4, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 2, Brunswick, 2; all other states, 1 each, making a total of 43 votes. The Presidency of the Federation belongs to the Prussian crown. The King of Prussia acts on behalf of the Federation in its intercourse with foreign states; he declares war or concludes peace, and he appoints the embassadors. The Federal Council is presided over by a Chancellor of the Federation, appointed by the King of Prussia. Th,s Council and the Parliament assemble every year. The Parliament is elected by universal and direct suffrage, for three years, and in case of dissolution, a new election must take place within 60 days. The naval forces of the Northern and Baltic seas are placed under the supreme command of Prussia. Every NorthGerman is liable to service, and no substitution is allowed. The strength of the Federal army on the peace footing, is settled upon the basis of one per cent. of the population. All the troops form one army, under the command of the King of Prussia. Changes in the Constitution can 554 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. only be voted in Parliament and the Federal Council by a two-thirds majority. The Charter provides, finally, that negotiations shall be entered into with the Southern States, to arrive at a settlement of new relations, and, if possible to complete the union between the northern and southern divisions of the German Empire. The Federal Chancellor is Count of BismarckSchonhausen, President of the Prussian Ministry, and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Finances. The following is a summary of the Federal budget for 18S8: EXPENDITURE. Ordinary. Extraordinary. Federal Chancellry, Council, &c............. 70,550 thalers. thalers. Parliament................................ 2,458 Federal Consulates......................... 152,000 55,000 Military Administration...................66,417,573 Marine "................. 2,340,603 " 2,628,376 Postal and Newspaper Departments........ 198,683 Telegraph................................... 275,000 Telegraph................................275,000 Total........................... 69,031,184 *' 3,157,059 " Grand Total.....................................................72,158,243 " REVENUE. Customs and Taxes on consumption by the Zollverein............47,192,110 thalers. " " by Federal States not belonging to the Zollverein 2,296,570 Postal and Newspaper Administration............................ 2,421 762 " Telegraphs "............................ 27 5,000 " Sundries......................................................... 135,234 Stipulated Contributions........................................19,837,567 " Total......................................................... 72,158,243 Of these stipulated contributions, Prussia's share is nearly 17,000,000, that of Saxony, a little over 1,500,000. Army and Navy. The North-German Army consists of 13 army corps (1 garde and 12 line), embracing 27 divisions, or 54 infantry and 28 cavalry brigades, or 118 infantry regiments, 18 chasseur battalions, 76 regiments of cavalry, 13+ regiments of field artillery and 10+ regiments of artillery of fortifications, 13~ battalions of pioneers, and 13+ battalions of train. Of infantry troops, Prussia furnishes 97, and Saxony 9 regiments. The "Landwehr" consists of 207 battalions and 16 divisions of chasseurs, 64 squadrons of cavalry, 10+ regiments of artillery-altogether, in peace, 12,974, and in war, 260,254 men. The reserve troops, when mobilized, amount to 180,672 men. Total of troops on peace footing, 319,2S6 men; on war footing, 972,434 men. The Navy of North Germany consists of 5 iron-clad frigates, 9 corvettes, 8 first-class gunboats, 14 screw gunboats, 6 sailing vessels, and smaller vessels (see Prussia)-altogether of 87 ships, mounting 549 guns. PRUSSIA. Capital, Berlin. Area, 135,836 square miles. Population, 24,043,296. Provinces. The official census, held in the states of the Zollverein, Dec. 3, 1867, gives the following table of the population of Prussia proper, and of the newly acquired territories: OLD PROVINCES. Prussia...........................3,090,960 Saxony..........................2,067,066 Posen............................1,537,338 Westphalia.......................1,707,726 Brandenburg.....................2,719,775 Rhine Provinces................. 3,455,358 Pomerania.......................1,445,635 Hohenzollern.................... 64,632 Silesia............................3,585,752 Jahde............................ 1,748 NEw AcQUIsITIONs. Hanover........................ 1,937,637 Duchy of Lauenbur g............ 49,978 *Franconia....................... 981,718 Garrisons outside of Prussia..... 18,228 SchleswiZ-Holstein...............1,379,745 Total (old and new provinces)................................. 24,043,296 According to the census of 1861, there were in the old Prussian Monarchy, 2,480,609 inhabitants not belonging to the German race, or speaking the German language in daily and familiar conversation. Disregarding the distinction between High and Low German, there are as many as ten different languages spoken in the old Kingdom. 15,718,600 Prussians speak German as their native tongue; 1,913,880 speak Polish (in the provinces of Prussia, Posen and Silesia); 233,341 speak Massuric (near Gumbinnen and Konigsburg); 7,652 speak Kassubic (near Marienwerder, Kdnigsbreg and Cbslin); 136,990 speak Lithuanian (in the districts of Gumbinnen * The province of Franconia consists of the districts of Cassel and Wiesbaden, and embraces the former states of Hesse-Cassel, Nassau and Frankfort. 1869.1 555 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. and E6ni,sber,); 414 speak old Kutish (in the districts of Gumbinnen and Konigsberg); 8..2 speak WAendish (in the provinces of Prussia and S.lesia); 10,317 speak Bohlecmian (in Si lesia); 48,554 speak Moravian (in the district of Oppeln); 10,502 speak Walloon (in the neigh borhood of Aix-la-Chapelle). The average density of the population was, in 1867, about 142 per English square mile, it being highest in the manufacturing district of Dusseklorf. The number of fam.ilies was 3,CI,856. There was 1 deaf and dumb person to every 1,211, and 1 blind in 1,731 of the population of Prussia. About 9,030,000 of the population of the old Kingdom are engaged in agricutlture. The chief cities of Prussia have the following population, according to the last census: Berlin...... 702,43 (7) Hanover.............79,649 (1864) Barmen.........(4,S85 (1867) Brelau....1C 744.. Frankf't on the lain 78,245 " Elberfeld.......64,732 Cologne......1;,23 " Stettin..............73,602 (1867) Cricfeld.......... 53,7 " Mang!debarg.... 10f31,981 "..Aix-la-Chapelle......67,923 Posen...........53,383 (1864) Kbnigsber.... 101,507 (1834) Reigning Sovereign and Family. WILLIAM I., King of Prussia, born March 22, 1797, second son of King Frederick William III. and Princess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strclitz; took part in the campaigns of 1813 and 1815 against France; Commanlder-in-Chief of the Prussian troops against the revolutionary army of Baden, June 1849; appointed Regent of the Kingdom during the mental illness of his brother, King Frederick William IV., Oct. 9, 18S58; ascended the throne at the death of his brother, Jan. 2, 1861; married June 11, 1829, to Augusta, born Sept. 30, 1811, daughter of the late Grand-Duke Charles Frederick, of Saxe-Weimar. Children: 1. Prince Frederick William, heir-apparent, born Oct. 18, 1831; 2. Princess Louise, born Dec. 3, 1838, married to the Grand Dluke of Baden. Frederick III., of the family of Hohenzollern, was elevated to the rank of a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1273, and received the Burgraviate of Nuremberg in fief. His great grandson, Frederick VI., was invested by Emperor Sigismund, in 1411, with the province of Brandenburg, and obtained the rank of Elector in 1417. Margrave Albert of Hohenzollern was, in 1511, elected to the post of Grand-Master of the Teutonic Knights, owners of the large province of Prussia, and he declared himself afterwards hereditary prince. The early extinc tion of Albert's line brought the province of Prussia to the Electors of Brandenburg. The "Great Elector," Frederick William, dying in 1688, left a country of one alid a half million people, a vast treasure, and 38,000 well-drilled troops to his son Frederick I., who declared himself king, at Konigsberg, 1701. His successor, Frederick William I., added part of Pomerania to his possessions. His son, Frederick II., "the Great," added Silesia and gained a large territory in the first partition of Poland. Another partition of Poland increased the territory under Frederick William II., to nearly 100,000 square miles, with about nine millions of people. By the Congress of Vienna, Prussia was increased by parts of the kingdom of Saxony, the Rhine lands, and Swedish Pomerania. The war of 1866 shaped Prussia into a compact State of 135,806 square miles, and a population of 24,043,296, by the acquisition of Lauenburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, Hesse, Frankfort and Nassau. Dating from Elector Frederick IL. of Brandenburg, who called himself King Frederick I. of Prussia, there have been the following sovereigns of the House of Ilohenzollern: FrederickI., 1701; Frederick William I., 1713; Frederick II. the Great, 1740; Frederick William II., 1786; Frederick William III., 1797; Frederick William IV., 1840; William I., 1861. Government. The present constitution, granted by King Frederick William IV., in consequence of the revolutionary events of 1848, has been repeatedly and considerably modified. It vests the executive and part of the legislative authority in the King, whose crown is hereditary in the male line only. In the exercise of the Government, the King is assisted by a council of ministers, appointed and dismissed by himself. He shares the legislative authority with a representative assembly, composed of two Chambers, the "HerrenhaLus" (House of Lords), and the "Abgeordnetenhaus" (Chamber of Deputies). The assent of the King and both Chambers is requisite for all laws. Financial projects must first be submitted to the second Chamber. The right of proposing laws is vested in the King and in both Chambers. The Upper Chamber is composed of the princes of the royal family; the chiefs of the mediatised princely houses (16); the heads of the territorial nobility formed by the King (about 50); a number of life peers, chosen by the King from among the rich land-owners, great manufacturers, and "national celebrities;" eight titled noblemen elected in the s provinces of Prussia by the resident land-owners of all degrees; the representatives of the universities, the heads of "chapters," and the mayors of towns with above 50,000 inhabitants; an unlimited number of members nominated by the King for life or for a certain period. The second Chamber consists of 432 members. Every Prussian who has attained his 25th year, and is qualified to vote for the municipal elections of his place of domicile, is eligible to vote as indirect elector. The 556 11869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. indirect electors are divided into three classes, according to the respective amount of direct taxes paid by each. The representatives are chosen by the direct electors. Their legislative period is limited to 3 years. The Executive. The Executive Government is carried on, under the Iing, by an irresponsible Council of State, and a nominally responsible Council of Ministers. The latter is divided into ten departments, whichl are: ]fiiister of Foreign A gairs, Count OTTO voN BISAn.CK-ScoNISNHAUSEN, appointed 1862; 4[ini(ster of Finance, Baron A. -ON DEn I:EYDT, appointed 1866; Ainiaster of the Foyal liouse, Baron A. ON SCnLriNITZ, appointed 156l; illniister of Wiar, General VON RooN, appointed 1859; Minister of Jla^ine, Rcar-Admiral JAOCXKIANN, appointed 1867; Minister of the Jnterior, Count EULENBDURG, appointed 1862; Alenister of Jstice, Dr. LEONHAPDT, appointed 1867; A.inister of Pub'ic Iistruc'ion and LEccl. A{aoire, Vos MfUHLER, appointed 1862; linister of Agriculture, VON SELcIow, appointed 1862; 2tinister of Coninmerce and Public Works, Count II. VON ITZENPLITZ, appointed 1862. Education. Public Education in Prussia is more perfect than in any other country on the European Continent. Attendance at school is enforced by law, the school time cxtending from 6 to 14 years complete. The children of poor persons are instructed gratuitously at the public expense. The whole of the educational cstablishments are more or less under the immediate control of the Minister of Public Instruction. There were, in 1864, in public primary schools 2,938,679 children, in private primary schools 87,574-total, 3,026,253. There were, in the same year, 144 gymnasia (colleges), with 2,188 teachers; the number increased in 1866, in the old provinces, to 153 gymnasia, besides 26 progymnasia, 56 "Real" schools of first rank and 27 of second rar k. There are 6 Universities, (Berlin, Bonn, Breslau, Greifswalde, Halle, KInigsberg), and one Academy in Munster; the number of matriculated students in 1864 being 5,873; to this add 3 Universities (Klel, Gottingen and Marburg), in the recently acquired territory. Of the recruits in 18SG4-65, there were 75 per cent. satisfactorily instructed. Finances. According to the budget for 1867, the revenue and expenditures for Prussia proper, amounted to 168,929,S873 thalers. That of the newly acquired territory is as followis: Hanover....................22.589,700 thalers. Nassau.......................8,254,030 florins. Electorate of Hesse........ 5,749,000 " Frankfort-on-the-Main....... 2,5"i6,485 Schleswig-Holstein......... 7,671,304 " Ceded Hessian territory..... 4731,800 Hesse-Homburg............ 625,712 florins. Ceded Bavarian "..... 296,750 In the estimates for 1868 the revenue and expenditure is fixed at 159,861,879 thalers. The Public debt of Prussia was, in 1862, 274,000,000 thalers; on the 1st of Janl. 1866, 281,000, 000 thalers; at the end of 1866, after the war with Austria, 341,000,000 thalers. According to the estimates for 1868, the public debt amounts to: Prussia proper: Thql,,. New territory, (all bearing interest): Thae,l. 1. National debt bearing int.........274,818,400 Hanover...................41,160,504 2. " not bearing int.... 15,842,347 Hesse (Electorate)............... 1(i,535,250 3. Provincial and railway debt..... 21,324,845 Nassau...........................20,516,921 4. Floating debt................... 10,000,000 IHesse-Homburg................. 161.142 Schleswig-Holstein............. 22,141,657 Total public debt in 1867...........321,985,592 Total..........................................................................100,515,474 The favorable issue of the war of Prussia against Austria, in 1866, enabled it to get from the defeated States a contribution of 60,000,000 of thalers, while the expenditure for this war amounted to 108,000,000. The total of expenses occasioned by the acquisitions of the war of 1866, including war expenses, debts of the annexed States, indemnities, expenses and administration of the new provinces, is estimated to be 289,000,000 thalers. Army and Navy. Every man capable of bearing arms must enter the army; there are, however, practically some exceptions. No substitution whatever is allowed. Every Prussian subject is enrolled as a soldier after completing his 20th year; he is required to be in service 7 years, of which 3 must be spent in the regular army, and the remaining 4 years in the army of reserve. At the end of this term the soldier enters the "Landwehr," or militia, for 9 years. After these 16 years of service he is enrolled, till the age of 50, in the "Landsturm," which body is only called upon for service within the frontiers of the country in case of invasion. The strength of a Prussian battalion in peace is 518 men. raised in war to 1,002 by calling in part of the reserves; it is divided into 4 companies. Durling peace each regiment of infantry consists of 3 battalions, each brigade of 2 regiments, each infantry division of 2 brigades. The corps d'armie is independent in itself, and includes not only troops of all three arms, but a portion of all the stores and appliances required by a whole army, each corps consists of 2 divi sions of infantry. 1 cavalry division (4 regiments), 2 horse artillery batteries, and a reserve of artillery of 4 field batteries and 2 mounted batteries. 1869.] 557 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. When a war is imminent, the Government decrees the mobilisation of the whole army. In preparing for the campaign in 1866, the whole field army and the first levy of Landwehr were mobilised in about two weeks. The army as organized in 1866, numbered on peace footinga total strength of 319,286 men; on war footing, 972,434 men. It embraces the army of the other North German States. There are 27 fortresses in the kingdom, viz.: Saarlouis, Coblenz (Ehrenbreitstein), Cologne, (with Deutz), Minden, Erfurt, Magdeburg, Wittenberg, Torgau, Spandau, Costlin, Stettin, Stralsund, Colberg, Glogau, Cosel, Glatz, Schweidnitz, Neisse, Posen, Graudenz, Thorn, Swinemuinde, Marienburg, Danzig, Pillau, KOnigsberg, and Ldtzen. Prussia has, besides, the right of garrisoning at M1entz and Kdnigstein (Saxony). The Prussian navy-with which the North-German Navy is identical-is composed of 43 steamers, 8 sailing and 36 rowing vessels-total, 87 war vessels, mounting 549 guns. The personnel of the navy consists of: 1 admiral, 1 rear-admiral, 20 captains, 33 commanders, 38 lieutenants, 39 sub-lieutenants, 136 cadets, 39 marine officers and 300 boys; total, 2,291 officers, seamen and boys. There are, besides, 5 companies of marines, 4 of infantry, and 1 of artillery, numbering about 1,200 men. The sailors and marines of the fleet are raised by conscription. Great inducements are held out for able seamen to volunteer in the navy. Prussia has 4 ports of war, at Kiel, Danzig, Stralsund, and the bay of Jahde, on the North Sea. Commerce. The merchant navy consisted, in 1867, of 1,255 ships, of 188,753 lasts (2 tons). If we include the vessels of the new acquisitions, we have a total of 5,302 ships of 325,349 lasts. The total import of 1867 reached the value of $39,000,000, the total export $12,000,000. In S1865 the total value of mining products amounted to 48,000,000 thalers, and that of the forges to 106,000,000; number of workingmen, 232,233. The coal mines alone produced 372,000,000 of quintals. There were, at the end of 1865,517 savings-banks, with 89,000,000 th. as investment. At the end of 1866 the length of the 41 railroads in the increased State was calculated to be 1,2311 Prussian, or 5,665 English miles. In 1865 there were 1,831 locomotives and 40,872 cars. The receipts, in the same year, amounted to about $90,000,000. The State railways form an important source of public revenue. The length of telegraph lines was, at the beginning of 1866, about 8,500 English miles. SAXONY. Capital, Dresden. Area, 5,779 square miles. Population, 2,423,401. The Kingdom of Saxony is divided into four districts, as follows: Districts. Inhabitants, 1837. Districts. Inhabitant, 1867. Dresden.........................640,538 Bautzen.........................321,701 Leipsic..........................552,815 Zwickau.........................908,347 Total.................................................................. 2.423,401 The chief cities are Dresden, 155,971 inhabitants; Leipsic, 91,598 inhabitants, and Chemnitz, 58,942 inhabitants. There are 491,839 families to 241,853 inhabited dwelling houses; 53,760 inhabitants belong to the Wendish race; 38 per cent. of the population live in towns, and 62 per cent. in the country. Number of births, in 1864, was 98,760; deaths, 68,314; marriages, 20,928. Reigning Sovereign and Family. JOHN I., King of Saxony, born Dec. 12,1801, second son of Duke Maximilian of Saxony, and Princess Caroline of Parma; succeeded to the throne, at the death of his brother, King Frederick Augustus, Aug. 9, 1854. Married Nov. 21, 1822, to Amelia, born Nov. 13, 1801, daughter of the late King Maximilian I. of Bavaria. Children: 1. Albert, Duke of Saxony and heir apparent, born April 23, 1828; 2. Elizabeth, born Feb. 4, 1830; 3. George, Duke of Saxony, born Aug. 8,1832. The Saxon dynasty is one of the oldest reigning families in Europe. It gave an emperor to Germany at the beginning of the tenth century, and subsequently spread into numerous branches, the elder of which, the Ernestine line, is now represented by the ducal families of Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Cobnrg-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen, and Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach; while the younger, the Albertine line, flourishes in the present royal house of Saxony. Government. According to the constitution of Saxony, the crown is hereditary in the male line, but descending to the female line in case the male becomes extinct. The sole executive power is in the hands of the King, which he exercises through responsible ministers. The legislature is jointly in the Kingand Parliament, the latter consisting of two Chambers. The Upper Chamber comprises the royal princes, 8 barons, 12 deputies elected by the other nobles, 10 noblemen appointed by the King for life, the mayors of 8 towns, the superintendents and deputies of 5 collegiate institutions, of the University of Leipsic, and of the Roman Catholic chapter of St. Peter at Bautzen. The Lower Chamber is made up of 20 deputies of landed proprietors, 25 of towns and cities, 25 of peasants and commoners, and 5 representatives of commerce and man 558 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. ufactutring industry. Both houses have the right to make propositions for new laws, the bills for which, however, must come from the ministry. No taxes can be levied without the sanction of both Chambers. The Council of Ministers. Minister of Justice, Dr. R. SCHNEIDER, appointed 1866; Miniter of Finance, Baron R. VON FRIESEN, appointed 1858; Miuiister of lte Interior, H. VON NosTITZ-WALLWITZ, appointed 1866; Minister of Tlar, Lieut. General A. VON FABRICE, appointed 1866; Minister of Education and Eccl. Affairs, Dr. J. P. VON FALIKENSTEIN, appointed 1855. Education. Public education has reached the highest point in Saxony, every child, without exception, partaking of its benefits. On the average, 95 of every 100 children capable of instruction are in attendance at school. Finances. The budget of Saxony for each of the years 1868 and 1869, fixes the annual revenue and expenditure at 13,371,057 thalers. The amount of public debt, at the end of 1867, was 75,264,062 thalers. The greater part of tlhe Saxon railways are State property, and a very considerable revenue is derived from this source, varying from 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 thalers; their gross income amounted in 1867, to 7,500,000 thalers. The length of State railways at the beginning of 1862, was 252 miles. The value of the public domains was estimated at the same date, at 25,000,000 thalers. Army. The army has been completely re-organized and forms now substantially a part of the Prussian army according to the charter of North Germany. The effective strength of the Saxon army-the 12th army corps of the North German Confederation-in peace, is 24,143; in war, 36,000 men, excluding substitutes and militia. Industry. Industry flourishes highly in Saxony, so much so that of the 2,225,240 inhabitants in 1861, not less than 1,248,677 followed industrial pursuits; only 559,013 were engaged in agriculture, and 172,946 in commerce. There were at the end of 1865, 505,000,000 thalers insured in fire insurances. There were in 1865, 232 coal works; 325 mines employing 10,122 workingmen, and producing in value 1,607,694 thalers; production of iron foundries, 2,204,442 thalers. MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN. Capital, Schwerin. Area, 5,190 square miles. Population, 560,618. This Grand Duchy is but thinly populated; emigration has been carrying off large numbers of inhabitants, and the population is decreasing. The sovereign possesses about one-fifth of the land; the nobility seven-tenths. The agricultural population is but little above the condition of serfs. Numerous restrictions on marriage have produced a greater proportion of illegitimate children than in any other part of Germany. The capital had 24,681 inhabitants in 1866. The population is a mixture of German (preponderating) and Slavic elements. Reigning Sovereign and Family. FREDERICe FRANCIS II., Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, born Feb. 28,1823, son of Grand Duke Paul Frederick and Princess Alexandrine of Prussia; succeeded his father March 7, 1842; married, in second nuptials, May 12, 1864, to Princess Anna, daughter of the late Grand Duke Ludwig II. of Darmstadt. Children: 1. Prince Frederick Francis, heir apparent, born March 19, 1851. 2. Prince Paul Frederick, born 1852. 3. Princess Mary, born 1854. 4. Prince John Albert, born 1857. The Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg is the only reigning family in Europe of Slavonic origin. The Princes received the ducal title from the Emperor Charles IV. in 1340, and assumed that of Grand Duke by permission of the Congress of Vienna, in 1815. Government. The political institutions are of an entirely feudal character. Nearly the whole legislative power and part of the executive are in the hands of the 624 proprietors of knight's estates; 39 members are delegated, besides, by the municipalities and corporate bodies. The great bulk of the population is without political rights. The executive is represented in a ministry appointed by and responsible alone to the Grand Duke. Education. In point of education, the Grand Duchy is behind all other states of the confederation. Of the 3,744 recruits raised in 185861, only 322 per 1,000 could read, 131 write, and 58 cast accounts. Finances. No official budget has ever been published. Revenue and expenditure in 1866, amounted to 363,170 thalers. The total amount of the public debt in 1866, was 7,628,400 thalers. Industry is low; there are almost no manufactories. Army. The army in 1867, consisted of 5,386 men, 1,119 horses, and 14 guns. OLDENBURG. Capital, Oldenburg. Area, 2,469 square miles. Population, 815,622. Reigning Sovereign and Family. PETER I., Grand Duke of Oldenburg, born July 8, 1827, son of Grand Duke Augustus and Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg; succeeded Feb. 27, 189.] 559 1853; married Feb. 10,1852, to Elizabeth, born March 26,1826, daughter of Prince Joseph of SaxeAltenburg. Children: 1. Prince Frederick Augustus, heir apparent, born Nov. 16, 1852. 2. Prince George Louis, born June 27, 1855. The Grand Duke's sister, Princess Amelia, was married in 1836, to Prince Otho of Bavaria, King of Greece, 1833-62. The ancient house of Oldenburg has given sovereigns to Denmark, Scandinavia, and Russia. Government. The constitution grants liberty of the press, trial by jury, and equality of all citizens in political and social matters. The legislative power is exercised by a Diet elected for three years by the votes of all citizens paying taxes, the mode of election being indirect. Finances. The budget estimates for 1867, are as follows: Revenue, 2,577,000 thalers; expenditure, 2,464,560 thalers; surplus, 112,440 thalers. The chief item of revenue is from customs and the produce of state property. The public debt at the end of 1866, was 6,090,300 thalers. Army. The troops of Oldenburg numbering 1,815 men in peace, and 4,049 men in war, form a part of the Prussian army. Commerce. The commercial navy in 1866, consisted of 621 ships, of a total burthen of 32,507 lasts. The trade is principally confined to a coasting traffic with the neighboring countries cn the North Sea. The chief exports are rape seed, beans, oats, barley, and wheat. SAXE-WEIMAR. Caplital, Weimar. Area, 1,404 square miles. Population, 283,044. This Grand Duchy is divided into three districts. The population has been increasing since 1820, at the rate of about one per cent. per annum, although emigration carries off about 2,000 a year. The capital has 14,279 inhabitants. Reigning Sovereign and Family. CHARLES ALEXANDER, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar, born June 24, 1818, son of Grand Duke Charles Frederick and Marie, daughter of the Czar Paul I. of Russia; succeeded his father July 8, 1853; married Oct. 8, 1842, to Sophie, born April 8, 1824, daughter of King William II. of the Netherlands. Children: 1. Prince Charles Augustus, heir apparent, born July 31, 1844. 2. Princess Marie, born 1849. 3. Princess Elizabeth. born 1854. The sister of the Grand Duke, Princess Augusta, born 1811, married June 11, 1829, to Prince William, now King William I. of Prussia. At the Congress of Vienna a considerable increase of territory, together with the title of Grand Duke, was awarded to Duke Charles Augustus, the celebrated patron of German literature, and friend of Ghthe and Schiller. Government. The legislative power is vested in a House of Parliament of thirty-one members, of whom ten are chosen by the proprietors of nobiliar estates, ten by the towns, ten by the rural districts, and one by the University of Jena. The general elections take place every seventh year. The ministry acts under the orders of the Grand Duke, but is responsible to the representatives of the country. Finances. The revenue for the period of 1866-68 is 1,703,13i thalers; the expenditure, 1,700,088 thalers. The public debt amounts to about 4,000,000 thalers. The troops belong to the 11th Prussian army corps; they number 3,685 men. MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ. Capital, New Strelitz. Area, 1,052 square miles. Population, 98,770. The population is decreasing. A strong tide of emigration carried off nearly 3,000 inhabitants in eight years. The ownership of the territory is divided between the sovereign, the feudal proprietors, and the corporations of certain towns. The capital, in 1866, had 8,301 inhabitants. Reigning Sovereign and Family. FREDERICK WILLIAM I., Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, born Oct., 17, 1819, the son of Grand Duke George and Princess Marie of HesseCassel; succeeded his father, Sept. 6, 1860; married, June 28, 1843, to Augusta, born July 19, 1822, daughter of Duke Adolphus of Cambridge. Children: 1. Prince Adolphus Frederick, heir-apparent, born July 22, 1848. Princess Caroline, sister of the Grand Duke, married in 1841 to Crown-p)rince Frederick, afterwards King Frederick VII., of Denmark. The reigning house, founded in 1701, was permitted by the Congress of Vienna to adopt the Grand Ducal title, notwithstanding the exceedingly limited extent of the territory, more than one-half of which is the Grand Duke's private property. Government. Only the possession of a Knight's estate gives right to a seat in the Diet. The executive is entirely in the hands of the Grand Duke, exercised by him through one Minister of State. [1869. 560 THE AME RICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. The Grand Duchy has never known a budget. The whole of the public revenue goes to the civil-list of the Grand Duke, amounting, as it is believed, to 750,000 thalers. The army numbers 1,317 men. BRUNSWICK. Capital, Brunswick. Area, 1,425 square miles. Population, 303,401. Reigning Sovereign and Family. WILLIAM I., Duke of Brunswick, born April 25, 1806, second son of Duke Frederick William of Brunswick, and Princess Marie of Baden; undertook provisionally the Government in consequence of an insurrection and subsequent flight of his brother, the reigning Duke, in 1830; ascended the throne, April 25, 1831. The Ducal house will become extinct on the death of the present Duke. Government. The Legislative power is vested in one Chamber, consisting of 43 members. The budget is voted for the period of three years. The public revenue and expenditure for 1864-1866, was 5,108,000 thalers, for 1867-1869 it was 7,195,400 thalers. The amount of the public debt in 1866, was 14,913,796 thalers, 10,000,000 of which was for railroads. The army is organized on the Prussian system. Its strength is estimated at 4,857 infantry and cavalry, 502 artillery, 12 guns-on war footing. There were, in 1864, 33 mines, 19 forges, 1 saline, producing 436,883 quintals at the value of 827,702 thalers. ANHALT. Capital, Dessan. Area, 1,026 square miles. Population, 197,041. Reigning Sovereign and Family. LEOPOLD, Duke of Anhalt, born Oct., 1, 1794, the son of Prince Frederick of Anhalt-Dessau, and of Princess Amelia of Hesse-Homburg; succeeded his grandfather, Aug. 9, 1817; married, April 18, 1818, to Princess Frederica of Prussia, who died Jan. 1, 1850. Children: 1. Princess Agnes, born 1824; 2. Prince Frederick, heir-apparent, born April 29,1831; 3. Princess Maria, born 1837. The Ducal family of Anhalt, split into numerous branches, are now reduced to the present line. Government. The people are only nominally represented. The financial statement for 1867 shows a public income of 3,900,000 thalers, and an expenditure of 3,896,000 thalers. More than a third of the revenue is derived from State property. The public debt amounted, Jan. 1, 1865, to nearly 3,500,000 thalers. The troops number 1,836 men. SAXE-MEININGEN. Capital, Meiningen. Area, 956 square miles. Population, 180,335. Reigning Sovereign and Family. GEORGE II., Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, born April 2, 1826, the son of Duke Bernhard, whom he succeeded Sept. 20, 1866; married, May 18, 1850, to Princess Charlotte of Prussia, and again, Oct. 23,1858, to Princess Feodora of HohenloheLangenburg, born July7,1839. Children: 1. Bernhard, born April 1, 1851; 2. Marie Elizabeth, born 1853; 3. Ernest, born 1859: 4. Frederick, born 1861. Government. There is one Chamber for legislative purposes, consisting of 24 representatives, meeting every 3 years. The ministry is responsible to the Chamber. The budget is voted for the term of three years. For the period of 1866-1868, the public income is settled at 1,978,900 florins, the expenditure at 1,920,400 florins; surplus, 58,500 florins. The public debt in 1867 was 3,497,363 florins. Nearly one-half of the revenue is drawn from State domains, formerly belonging to the Ducal family. The troops belong now to the 11th Prussian army corps, 4nd amount to 2,110men. SAXE-COBURGGOTHA. Capital, Gotha. Area, 760 square miles. Population, 168,735. Reigning:'reign and Family. ERNEST II., Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, born June 21, 1818, the son of Duke Ernest I., of Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg, and of Princess Louise of Saxe-Altenburg; succeeded his father, Jan. 29, 1844; married, May 3,1842, to Alexandrine, born Dec. 6,1820, daughter of the Grand Duke Leopold of Baden. Nephew of the Duke and heirapparent: Prince Mlfred, born Aug. 6, 1844, the son of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and of Victoria I., Queen of Great Britain. Cousins of the Duke: Leopold II., King of the Belgians, born April 9, 1835; Ferdinand, King of Portugal, born Oct. 29,1816; Prince Augustus, born June, 1818, married to Princess Clementine, daughter of Louis Philippe, King of the Fivrenh 3h 1869.] 561 36 THilE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Government. The legislative power is vested in two separate assemblies. Every man above 25, who pays taxes, has a vote, and any citizen above 30 may be elected a deputy. New elections take place every four years. Finances. The budget is voted for the term of four years. In the financial accounts, a distinction is made between Crown-revenue from the domains, and State-revenllue. The income of the former for the period 1867-1873 is fixed for Coburg at 190,500 florins, the expenditure at 120,500 florins. The State-revenue for the period 1865-1869 is settled at 485,000 florins, the expenditure at 480,000 florins a year; the public debt was, in 1867, 1,686,574 florins. The annual income of the Crown-revenue, for Gotha, is settled for the period 1865-1869, at 589,180 thalers, the expenditure at 383,870 thalers; the State-revenue and expenditure are 669,800 thalers yearly; the public debt 349,301 thalers. The troops number 2,046 men. SAXE-ALTENBURG. Capital, Altenburg. Area, 510 square miles. Ptopulation, 141,426. The inhabitants are of Slavonic origin. The peasants are reported to be more wealthy than in any other part of Germany. The rural population, however, has been declining in numbers for the last 20 years. The chief city, Altenburg, has 17,966 inhabitants. Reigning Sovereign and Family. ERNEST I., Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, born Sept. 16, '1826, the son of Duke George and Princess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin; succeeded his father, Aug. 3, 1853; married, April 28, 1853, to Agnes, born June 24, 1824. daughter of Duke Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau. Children: 1. Princess Marie, born Aug. 2,1854. Government. The legislative authority is vested in a Chamber composed of 24 representatives, chosen, in equal numbers, by the nobility, the inhabitants of towns and the rural districts. The budget is voted for three years. The income for the period 186568, was settled at 878,904 thalers, the expenditure at 878,88. The troops number 1,473 men. LIPPE-DETMOLD. Capital, Detmold. Area, 438 square miles. Population, 111,352. Reigning Soverei-gn and Family. LEOPOLD II., Prince of Lippe-Detmold, born Sept. 1,1821, son of Prince Leopold and Princess Emily of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen; succeeded his father, Jan. 1, 1851; married, April 17, 1852, to Elizabeth, born Oct. 1, 1833, daughter of Prince Albert of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. Government. Nearly the whole le,gislative, as well as executive power, remains in the hands of the Prince. The Chamber of Deputies consists of 14 members; it has the right of voting, in part, the supplies, otherwise its functions are consultative. The Prince governs through one irresponsible minister., The budget for 1867 consists of a revenue of 224,905 thalers, and an expenditure of 209,146 th. The public debt amounted, in 1867, to 347,755 th. The troops number 840 men. REUSS. Chief Tovtm, Gera. Reuss, Elder line: Area, 145 square miles. TPopulation, 43,889. Reuss, Younger line: Area, 320 square miles. Population, 88,097. Reigning Sovereign and Family. Elder Line. HENRY XXII., Prince of Reuss-Greiz, born March 28, 1846, succeeded his father, Nov. 8,1859. Younger Line. HENRY XIV., Prince of Reuss-Schleiz, born May 28, 1832, succeeded his father, July 11, 1867; married, Feb. 6, 1858, to Princess Agnes of Wtirtemberg. Children: 1. Prince Henry XXVII., heir-apparent, born Nov. 10, 1858; 2. Princess Elizabeth, born 1859. Government. Elder Line. The new constitution of 1867 authorizes a Chamber of 12 deputies, to be elected for 6 years. Younger Line. The Prince has the whole legislative and executive power-a cabinet of 3 members acting under his direction. Elder Line. Income about 200,000 thalers a year, Public debt, 205,000 thalers. Younger Line. Income 295,343 thalers: expenditure, 288,839; Public debt, 692,050. Troops of the Elder Line number 334 men-Younger Line 783 men. S C HWARZBURG-RUDOLSTADT. Chief Ton, Rudolstadt. Area, 374 square miles. Pputation, 75,074. Reigning Sovereign and Family. ALBErRT, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, born April 30, 1798, son of Prince Louis Frederick and Caroline, daughter of the landgrave Frederick ~ [1869. 562 FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. Louis of Hesse-HIomburg; succeeded his brother, June 28, 1867; married, July 26, 1827, to Augusta, born July 26, 1804, daughter of Prince Frederick William of Solms-Braunfels. Children: 1. Princess Elizabeth, born 1833; 2. Prince and heir-apparent George Albert, born Nov. 23, 1838. Government. For all legislative measures the Prince must obtain the consent of a Chamber of Representatives of 15 members. The executive is exercised by the Ministry of State. There are triennial budgets. For the period 1864-1866 the revenue and expenditure was 2,582,322 florins. The troops number 9S9 men. SCHWARZBURG-SONDERSHAUSEN. Ciic/f Town, Arnstadt. Area, 332 square miles. Poptlaticn, 67,500. Reigning Sovereign and Family. GUNTHEPR II., Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, born Sept. 24, 1801; succeeded his father, Aug. 19, 1835; married, in second nuptials, in 1835, to Princess Mathilda of Hohenlohe-Oehringen. Children: 1. Princess Elizabeth, born 1829; 2. Prince Charles, heir-apparent, born Aug. 7, IS30; 3. Prince Leopold, born 1832; 4. Princess Marie, born 1837; 5. Prince Hugo, born 1839. The ancient House of Schwarzburg gave an Emperor to Germany in the 14th century. Government. The Government is an unlimited monarchy. The budget for 1864-1867 was, revenue 628,548 thalers, expenditure 611,354. The public debt, Jan. 1,1867, was 1,458,204 thalers. The troops number 826 men. WALDECK. Chief Town, Arolsen. Area, 433 square miles. Population, 56,805. Reigning Sovereign and Family. GEORGE VICTOR, Prince of Waldeck, born Jan. 14, 1831, the son of Prince George Frederick and Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg; succeeded his father, May 14, 1S15; married, Sept. 26, 1853, to Helena, born Aug. 12,1831, daughter of Duke William of Nassau. Heir-apparent, Prince Frederick, born June 20, 1865. The family of Waldeck was enrolled by the Congress of Vienna among the sovereign houses of Europe. Government. The legislative assembly consists of 41 members, who meet at irregularand often distant periods, leaving the exercise of its power, voting supplies and framing laws, to a committee of six members. The public revenue for 1868 is 514,255 thalers, the expenditure 508,252. The public debt amounted, in 1861, to 1,500,000 thalers; paper money 350,000 thalers. The troops number 866 men. SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE. Chief Town, Bticekburg. Area, 171 square miles. Population, 31,186. Relgnir,g Sovereign and Family. ADOLPHUS, Prince of Schanmburg-Lippe, born Aug. 1, 1817, succeeded his father. Nov. 21, 1860; married, Oct. 25,1844, to Ilermina, born 1827, daughter of the Prince of Waldeck. Children: 1. Princess Hermina, born 1845; 2. Prince George, heir-apparent, born 1S86; 3. Prince Hermann, born 1648; 4. Princess Ida. born 1852; 5. Prince Otto, born 1854; 6. Prince Adolph, born 1859; 7. Princess Emma, born 1865. Government. The representative institutions are very limited. To the Prince belongs the whole legislative and executive authority. Income and expense about 228,000 thalers. The troops number 516 men. HAMBURG. Area, 156 square miles. Population, 305,196. The city proper has 220,920 inhabitants. Government. The present constitution of the State and Free City of Hamburg intrusts the government to two chambers of represenltatives-the Senate and House of Burgesses. Th6 Senate, which chiefly exercises the executive power, is composed of 18 members elected for life by the other House. A first and second Burgomaster preside over the meetings of the Senate. The other House consists of 192 members elected for six years. In all matters of legislation, except taxation, the Senate has a veto; and in case of a constitutional conflict, recourse is had,to an assembly of arbitrators, chosen equally from the Scnate and House. Finances. The budget estimates for 1867, were: Income and expenditure, 12,002,703 marks banco-4,801,080 thalers. The state debt at the end of 1865, was 55,000,000 marks banco; 26,000,000 of this debt was incurred after the great fire in 1842. 1869.] 563 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Commerce. The total value of imports in 1866, was 779,088,010 marks banco. In the 17 years from 1S50 to 1866, there were shipped from Hamburg 426,248 emigrants; in 1866, 44,780 The army numbers 2,163 men. BREMEN. Area, 74 square miles. Pol)ulation, 109,572. Government. The Free City of Bremen is governed by a Senate of 30 members, acting under the legislative authority of the General Assembly of citizens. The city proper has 70,692 inhabitants. Finances. The estimated budget for 1867, is: Income, 1,761,148 thalers; expenditure, 2,040,342 thalers. The public debt amounted in 1867, to 498,650 thalers. Commerce. The total imports in 1866, amounted to 89,000,000 thalers; exports, 80,000,000 thalers. The commercial navy, at the end of 1866, consisted of 291 vessels, 14 of which were screw steamers. In 1866, 61,877 emigrated from Bremen. The army numbers 760 men. LUBECK. Area, 107 square miles. Population, 48,538. Government. There are two representative bodies-the Senate, exercising the executive, and the House of Burgesses, exercising the legislative authority. The Senate is composed of 14 members, elected for life, and presided over by two Butrgomasters, who hold office for two years each. There are 120 members in the House, chosen by all citizens belopging to the guilds of the town. The High Court of Appeal for the Free Cities of Germany is established at Lubeck. Finances. The budget estimate for 1867, is 1,719,700 marks banco for both revenue and expenditure. The public debt is 8,246,300 thalers. Commerce. The total imports in 1866, represented a value of over 80,000,000 marks banco; the principal countries being, Denmark, 3,500,000; England, 1,000,000; Russia, 17,500,000; Sweden, over 4,500,000 marks b)anco. The commercial navy, at the beginning of 1867, consisted of 40 sea-going vessels. The troops number 612 men. SOUTH GERMANY.-BAVARIA. Capital, Munich. Area, 29,373 square miles. Population, 4,824,421. The Kingdom is divided into eight districts, as follows: Inhabitants. Inhabitants. Upper Bavaria.....................827,669 Upper Franconia..................535,060 Lower Bavaria.................... 594,511 Central Frauconia.................579,688 Palatinate........................ 626,066 Lower Franconia..................584,972 Upper Palatinate and Ratisbon....491,295 Suabia.............5........585,160 Total...................................................................... 4,824,421 There were detached from Bavaria and annexed to Prussia, in 1866, several small districts north of the river Main, embracing a territory of 291 miles, with a population of 82,470. The increase of the population has been comparatively small within the last fifty years, it having been 3,707,966 inhabitants in 1818. The number of illegitimate births is very large. The soil of Bavaria is divided among 947,010 proprietors, the division being greatest in the Palatinate (228,976). Number of families about 1,330,000; 1 marriage to 154; 1 death to 36; 1 birth to 29 inhabitants. Of late years, the emigration from Bavaria has been very large. The chief cities are Munich, 167,054 inhabitants, and Nuremberg, 71,798 inhabitants. There are 232 towns, 417 hamlets, and 22,.3 villages. Reigning Sovereign and Family. Louis II., King of Bavaria, born August 25, 1845, son of King Maximilian II. and Maria, daughter of Prince William of Prussia; succeeded his father March 10,1864. The Grandfather of the King, Louis I., born 1786, King of Bavaria, 182548, died, 1868. The royal house of Bavaria descends from the Counts of Wittelsbach, who flourished in the 12th century. Duke Maximilian I. of Bavaria, was elevated to the rank of Elector of the Holy Roman Empire in the Thirty Years' War; and Elector Maximilian Torgoh was raised to the rank of King by Napoleon I. in 1805. Government. The crown is hereditary in the male line. To the King belongs the sole executive power, but the ministers are responsible for his acts. The legislative functions are exercised jointly by the King and Parliament, the latter consisting of an Upper and Lower House. The Upper House is formed of the princes of the royal family, the crown dignitaries, the archbishops, and the heads of certain old noble families-all these being hereditary mem 564 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. bers, to which are added members appointed by the crown. The Lower House consists of deputies of towns and universities, and various religious corporations. The representation of the country is calculated at the rate of one deputy to about 35,000 inhabitants. The executive is carried on in the name of the King, by a Council of State consisting of seven members, besides three princes, and the Ministry of State, as follows: Ministry of State. Minister of the Royal Youse and Foreign Affairs, Prince HOHENLOESCHIiLLINGSFURST, appointed 1867; Minister of Justice, Dr. LUTZ, appointed 1867; inigsterof the Interior, HORMAN NVON HORBACH, appointed 1868; lfinisterofEducationand EcciesiasticalAffairs, F. VON GRESSER, appointed 1866; Minister of Finance, A. VON PFRETSCHNER, appointed 1866; Minister of Commerce and Public Works, G. VON SCHLOR, appointed 1866; War Department, Gen. Baron S. VON PRANKH, appointed 1866. Education. There are two Roman Catholic Universities (Munich and Wurzburg), and one Protestant (Erlangen). In 1861, there were 7,126 schools, with 8,205 teachers. Elementary schools exist in all parishes, and attendance on them is compulsory for all children until the age of fourteen. There are three Polytechnical Schools. Of army recruits in 1865, about 7 per cent. were deficient in schooling. In 1866, 339 newspapers were published. Finances. According to the budget for the period 1861-67, the annual revenue and expenditure was 46,720,597 florins. The revenue and expenditure for 1868-69, are estimated at 88,602,570 florins. The greater number of the railways in Bavaria, constructed up to Sept. 30, 1865, at a cost of 149,000,000 florins, are the property of the State. The net revenue derived from them in 1866, amounted to nearly 6,000,000 florins. The State domains produced, in the year 18646, over 7,000,000 (net) florins. The State debt Jan. 1, 1867, amounted to 356,000,000 florins; of which 146,000,000 florins is railway debt. At the end of August of the same year, it is stated to have been 402,500,000 florins. The great increase of this debt was caused by the war in 1866. Army. The armed force of the Kingdom comprises the permanent army, the reserve, and the militia, (Landwehr). All men from the age of twenty-one are liable to serve for six years. The purchase of substitutes is permitted by law. The permanent army in 1867, consisted of 73,582 men on peace footing; and 96,583 men on war footing. The reserve of infantry, cavalry, artillery, and engineers amounted to 124,721 men; total of army and reserve, 221,,'04 men. The active militia (excluding the Palatinate) is: Infantry, 54,000 men, and cavalry, 2,500 men. The fortresses are Ingolstadt and Germersheim. Industry. The production of beer amounts, on an average, to 582,000,000 "maass," (137,000,000 gallons), of which only one-hundredth part is exported. In 1865, 716 mines, 131 forges, and 8 salines produced a value of 12,000,000 florins. In 1865, there were 264 savings banks, with 243,227 depositors. The length of railways, Oct. 1, 1866, was over 1,500 miles-comparatively more than in Prussia. That of the telegraphs, about 1,900 miles. The post office despatched and received 39,000,000 letters and 52,000,000 newspapers. WURTEMBERG. CaJital, Stuttgart. Area, 7,532 square miles. Population, 1,778,479. The increase of population is very slow, being little more than 1I per cent. in 1858-61. Emigration draws off a considerable number of inhabitants, the country losing 54,285 persons in 1842-52, and rising in 1854, to the extreme amount of 21,144. Emigration has increased since the war of 1866, and the apprehended introduction of the Prussian military system. In 1864, the capital had 69,084 inhabitants. Reigning Sovereign and Family. CHARLES, King of Wurtemberg, born March 6, 1823; succeeded his father, June 25,1864; married July 13, 1846, to Grand Duchess Olga of Rusia, daughter of Czar Nicholas I. The former Duchy of Wurtemberg was erected into a Kingdom by the Emperor Napoleon, 1806. Government. Absolute freedom of person and property; liberty of conscience and of speech; limited liberty of the press; all citizens equal before the law. In the King rests the sole executive power, exercised through responsible ministers. The legislative power is given jointly to the King and to the representatives of the people. - The Parliament consists of two houses. The Upper chamber consists of the members of the royal family, the heads of the principal noble families, and other members nominated by the King for life. The House of Deputies consists of 13 members of the nobility, 9 ecclesiastics, the Chancellor of the University of Tubingen, and 71 deputies of towns and rural districts, chosen for six years. A special Court of Justice is appointed (partly by the King, and partly by the Chambers), guardian of the constitution. The Executive. Minister of the Royal House and Foreign Affairs, Baron VON VARNBOLER, appointed 1864; Ministerof Justice,VON MITTNACHT, appointed 1867; Minister of the Interior, Vow 1869.] 565 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. GESSLER, appointed l864; fi,,2isterof Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs, Dr. VoN GOLTHER, appointed 1861; Minister of Finance, VON RENNER, appointed 1864; Ifinister of Tar, Gen. Baron VON WAGNER, appointed 1867. Education. Education stands very high in Wurtemberg. There was, as far back as 1840, not an individual, above the age of ten, unable to read and write. There arc above 2,500 elementary schools, besides numerous seminaries for imparting a classical education, and seven colleges. The whole educational system is centered in the University of Tubingen, founded in 1477, and attended, on the average, by nearly a thousand students. Finances. The budget for the term 1864-67: Income, 51,226,785 florins; Expenditure, 51,192,708 florins; surplus, 34,077 florins. The budget estimate for 1867-70, is as follows: Revenue and expenditure, 64,445,459 florins. The principal items of expenditure per annum, in the estimate for 1867-70, are: Public debt, nearly 7,000,000 florins; Justice, 1,250,000 florins; Interior, nearly 2,000,000floriiis; School and Church, 2,750,000 florins; war, 5,250,000 florins. The public debt amounted, July 6, 1867, to 111,181,320 florins. The value of the State domains is estimated to be 120,000,000 florins. On July 1, 1866, 80,000,000 florins had been expended for railroads, which yielded in the fiscal year 1865-66, nearly 10,000,000 florins. The length of railroad lines in 16-6, was about 350 miles. Armny. The army is formed by conscription. Substitution is allowed. The troops numbered, in 1866, 29,238 men. The number of recruits is now 4,600 men annually, of whom 516 furnished substitutes. Industry. There was invested a capital of 10,750,000 florins, in 1865, inll the savings ballks, and 556,000,000 in the fire insurance companies. There were, in Jan., 1865, 105,000 horses, 975,000 cattle, 704,000 sheep, 264,000 swine, and 35,000 goats. 18 mines, 41 forges and 9 salines, produced a value of 2,211,962 thalers. The Post office despatched and received 15,000,000 letters and 14,000,000 newspapers, in 1865-66. There were, July 1, 1866, 158 telegraph stations. BADEN. Capital, Carlsruhe. Area, 5,912 square miles. Population, 1,434,970. The Grand Duchy, stretching longitudinally from the lake of Constance along the right bank of the Rhine, is divided into 11 districts. The population has not greatly increased, the decline being chiefly owing to emigration. Most of the emigrants have consisted of families possessed of some property. Their number amounted to 21,561 in 1854, the great majority of whom went to North America. Reigning Sovereign and Family. FREDERICK I., Grand Duke of Baden, born Sept. 9,1826, son of Grand Duke Leopold I. and Princess Sophia of Sweden; succeeded his father, April 24, 1852; married, Sept. 20, 1856, to Louisa, born Dec. 3, 1838, daughter of King William L. of Prussia. Children: 1. Frederick William, heir-apparent, born July 9,1857; 2. Sophia, born 1862; 3. Louis, born 1865. The title of Grand Duke was given by Napoleon I. to Margrave Charles Frederick of Baden, in 1806. Government. The Constitution of Baden vests the executive power in the Grand Duke, and the legislative authority in two Chambers. The upper Chamber comprises the princes, noblemen, prelates, 2 deputies of the Universities, and 8 members nominated by the Grand Duke; the second Chamber is composed of 63 members, 22 being elected by towns, and the rest by the rural districts. The elections aie indirect. The Ministry. Minister of the Grand Diucal House and Foreign Affairs, R. VON FREYDORF': Minister of the Interior (and provisionally of Justice), T. JOLLY; Minister of Commerce, G. VON DuSCH; Minister of Finances, M. ELST~ETTER; Alinister of WTar, Gen. VON BEYER. There is also a "Secret Cabinet," of which Baron von Ungern-Sternfeld is director. Education. Education is compulsory in Baden. In 1861 there was one school for every 530 of the population. There are 2 Universities, Heidelberg and Freiburg, 7 Colleges, and 5 Gymnasia. Finances. The budget is estimated (officially), for 1867, as follows: Receipts, 17,095,008 florins; Expenditure, 16,025,132 florins, excess of revenue, 1,069,956 florins. The public debt of Baden consisted, Jan. 1, 1867, of debt bearing no interest, 15,878,761 florins; interest bearing debt, 24,625,408 florins; railway debt, 83,936,264 florins; total, 124,440,433 florins. All the railroads of Baden are property of the State. Army. The army is formed by conscription; substitution is allowed. Term of service 6 years. It numbers, on war footing, 18,402 men. Industry. Length of railroads, 101 geographical miles; net receipts, 4,000,000 florins. Length of telegraph lines, 214 geographical miles; receipts, in 1866, 130,000 florins. 5166 L186(.,X FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. HESSE. Capilal, Darmstadt. Area, 2,969 square miles. Population, 3,138. There were detached from the Grand Duchy and added to Prussia in 1866, several districts north of the river Maine, comprising an area of 377 square miles, with a population of 46,605. Reigning Sovereign and Family. Louis III., Grand Duke of H1esse-Darmstadt, born June 9, 18w6, son of Grand Duke Louis II., and of Princess Wilhelmina of Baden; succeeded his father, June 16. 1848; married, Dec. 26, 1833, to Princess Mathilda, daughter of King Louis of Bavaria. The former landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt had the title of Grand Duke given them by Napoleon I., in 1896. Government. The legislative power is vested, in part, in two Chambers. The upper House is composed of the princes, noblemen, prelates, the Chancellor of the University of Giessen and a number of life members. The lower House consists of 6 deputies of noble landowners, 10 deputies of towns, and 34 representatives of the rural districts. The mode of election is indirect. The Executive. Minister of the Grand Ducal House, of the Interior, and of Foreign Affairs, Baron VON DALWIGK; Mfinister of Justice, P. VON LINDELOF; Minister of Finance, ScHENK ZU SCHWEINSBERG; Mvinister of War, Gen. VON GROLMAN. Finance. The budget estimate for the period 1866-68 was, annual revenue 9,248,357 florins; annual expenditure, 8,527,827 florins; annual surplus, 420,530 florins. The public debt amounted, at the end of 1866, to about 2,000,000 florins, excluding 10,000,000 loan for the railroads. Army. The troops number 19,260 men. According to the militaryconvention withPrussia, the fortress Mentz is now exclusively garrisoned by Prussian troops. LIECHTENSTEIN. Area, 62 square miles. Pop?latio?, 7,994. Reigning Sovereign and Family. JOHN 11., Prince of Liechtenstein, born Oct. 5, 1840, succeeded his father, Nov. 12, 188. The immense private property of the princely family (in Austria), embraces 2,200 square miles, with 350,000 inhabitants. Government. The legislative power is vested in the House of Representatives, comprise ing 15 members. A vote is given to all inhabitants who can read and write. There is no public budget, nor any public debt. 6. GREAT BRITAIN. Capital, London. Area, 121,115 square miles. Pop?tlation, 29,321,288. History. Conquest by the Saxons, about 449; establishment of the Octarchy, 560; establishment of a Danish Dynasty, early in the 11th century- restoration of the Saxon Dynasty, 1042; conquest by the Normans, under William the Conqueror, 1066; Henry II. founder of the Plantagenets, 1155; Henry VII., first King of the House of Tudor, 1485; James I., first King of the Stuart line, 1603; Charles I. beheaded, 1649; Cromwell, 1649 to 1658; restoration of the Stuarts, 1660; expulsion of the Stuarts, and accession of the House of Orange, 1688; Legislative Union of England and Scotland, called Great Britain, 1707; Legislative Union of Great Britain and Ireland, called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 1801. Area and Population. The following table gives the area and poulation of Great Britain and Ireland, according to the official census of 1881, with the increase or decrease subsequent to the official census of 1851: Square Miles Inhabitants, 1861. Increase since 1851. Decease since 1851. England.............. 50,922..............18,t54,444..............2,032,566.............. Wales.................. 7,398.............. 1,111,780.............. 106,049.............. Scotland.............. 29,928.............. 3,062,294.............. 173,552.............. Islands................. 354.............. 143,447.............. 321.............. Great Britain.........88,602..............23,271,965..............2,312,488 Ireland............... 32,513............. 5,798,967............................753,419 United Kingdom....121,115.............. 29,070,932..............1,559,069.............. Soldiers and Sailors lbroad................ 250,356.......................... Total.........................29,321,288.............. 1,559,069 According to the calculation of the Registrar General, the total population of Great Britain and Ireland was, in 1866, 29,934,404, and on June 30,1867, as follows: England and Wales, 21,429,508; Scotland, 3,170,769; Ireland, 5,556,962; total, 30,157,239. 18(9.] 567 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Total British Empire in 186 1. An offici lian colonies was held April 8,1861, and in lnearl India, in the course of the same year. The res England-its Colonies and Possessions-Total.. United Kingdom, inclusive of soldiers and sails Colonies and Possessions, exclusive of soldiers, British India, exclusive of British army, 62,893 European Possessions......................... North American Colonies...................... West Indian Possessions....................... African Possessions............................ Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean............ Possessions in the Indian Ocean................ Australia and New Zealand..................... Total British Empire in 1868*. The which were laid before Parliament in 1868, furn the area and population of the British Empire: ulation of 150,000,000. Its area, however, 988,9 with that of North American or Australian po as containing 6:32,360 square miles, and its popiul 376,988 square miles, with a population of 3,75 130.000 inhabitants; Prince Edward's Island, 2,1 Columbia, 213,000 square miles and 34,816 inha the vast north-west territory waiting to b e occIi North America up to, perhaps, 3,500,000 square Not far behind in extent is Australia, with it approaching 2,000,000, though only 1,662,063 in 1 square miles, a territory nearly as large as Briti less than a 7,000th part of that of India; Queen miles, and a population of 96(,172; South Austrl 163,452; New South Wales,.323,437 square mile 106,259 square miles, with a population of 208 great prosperity that many forget its comparati ing a population of 643,912 in 1866, and now abe miles, with 97,368 inhabitants. The West Ind miles, but the population in 1861 was 9.34,197 J and not far from half the population, viz: (in 1 The Cape of Good Hope and Natal add 216,75 population of 759,261; Ceylon, 24,700 square mile miles, and 310,050, inhabitants: British Guiana, 1861); Honduras, 13,500 square miles, and 25,635 The other colonies and possessions-the Strai tlements, Labuan, St. Helena, the eight Falkland of the British possessions beyond the sea up to 161,486,000-a number which has increased since Including the British North-West American po, country, the Queen's realm will be found to co n fish square miles, with a population approaching Growth of the Colonial Empire. The of the Colonial Empire of Great Britain: EUROPE. Colonies and Dependencies. Mode of Acquisition. Date. Gibraltar...............Capture........... 1704 Heligoland..........Cession............Cs i 1814 Malta and Gozo......Capture........... te1800 AFRICA. Colonies and Dependensies. M.ie of Acquisition. Date. Cape of Good Hope.... Capitulation.......lSU6 Gambia................ Settlement........1631 Gold Coast............. Settlement........ 1(l61 Natal..................Settlement........1838 St. Helena.............Settlement........1651 Sierra Leone...........Settlement........1787 Mauritius..............Capitulation........1810 AMERICA. Bermuda...............Settlement........ 1609 British Columbia..... Settlement........ 1609 Canada, Lower......... Capitulation.......1759 Canada, Upper.........Cession......... 1763 ASIA. Ceylon................. Capitulation.......1796 Beng-,al..... Settlement Bombay...... and ConMadras..... quest at N. W. Provinces..... various periods Ptinjaub..... from....... 1629 1849 Hongkong............. Treaty............. 1843 Labuan................ Cession............ 1846 * Unofficial, and therefore not substituted for official returns given elsewhere. 568 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. AMERICA CONTINUED. WEST INDIES CONTINUED. Colonies and Dependentiea. Mode of Acquisition. Date. Colonies and Dependencies, Mode of Acquisition. Date. New Brunswick.......Settlement........1497 St. Kitts................Settlement.1623-.1650 New Foundland........Settlement....... 1497 St. Lucia...............Capitulation.......1803 Nova Scotia.......... Settlement....... 1497 St. Vincent...........Cession........... 1763 Prince Edward's Island.Settlement........1497 Tobago............... Cession............1763 Guiana, British........Capitulation.......1803 Tortola, etc............Settlement....... 1675 Falkland Islands.......Cession............1837 Trinidad..............Capitulation.......1797 WEST INDIES.....Turk's Island..........Settlement...... 1629 Antigua.............. Settlement........1632 AUSTALIA. Bahamas...............Settlement........1629 Barbadoes.......... Settlement....... 1605 Australia, South.........Settlement....... 1836 Dominica..............Cession...........1763 Australia, West........Settlement....... 1829 Grenada...............Cession.......... 1763 New South Wales......Settlement........1787 Honduras..............Cession.......... 1670 Queensland.......... Settle,ent........1859 Jamaica................Capitulation.......1655 New Zealand...........Settlement........ 1839 Montserrat............. Settlement........1632 Tasmania..............Settlement...... 1803 Nevis..................Settlement.......1628 Victoria.............. Settlement...... 1836 Increase of Population. The population of England and Wales in 1801, amounted to 9,156,171; so that it has more than doubled in the course of fifty years. From 1801 to 1861, the rate of increase was as follows: 1801-1811, 14 per cent.; 1811-1821, 16 per cent.; 1821 -1831, 15 per cent.; 1831-1841, 14 percent.; 1841-1851, 13 per cent.; 1851-1861,12 percent. The proportion of male to female children is as 104,811 to 100,000. In consequence of the greater mortality of male children, equilibrium between the sexes is restored about the tenth year of life; emigration, war, and perilous occupations continue to thin the ranks of the male population, so that finally there are 100,000 women to 95,000 men. The population of Scotland in 1801, was 1,608,420; it has therefore increased 90.32 per cent. within the last fifty years. The per centage of decennial increase was as follows: 1801-1811, 12.27; 1811-1821, 15.82; 1821-1831, 13.04; 1831-1841, 10.82; 1841-1851, 10.25; 1851-1861, 6.00. Decrease in Ireland. The population of Ireland in 1812, was 6,801,827; in 1831, 7,767,401; in 1841, 8,775,124; in 1851, 6,552,386; in 1861,5,798,967. The decrease from 1841 to 1851 was 19.85 per cent. and from 1851 to 1861, 12.02 per cent. Emigration. In the eight years from 1847 to 1854 inclusive, the total emigration from the United Kingdom was 2,444,802, equal to an average of 305,600 a year. It fell off considerably in the following eight years (1855 to 1862), being in 1861 less (91,770), than in anyyear since 1844; but it rose again in the subsequent years. During the fifteen years from 1852 to 1866, it exceeded, according to official returns, thiree millions and a half. The total number of emigrants in 1866, was 204,882; of whom 58,856 were English; 12,307 Scotch; 98,890 Irish; 26,691 foreign; and 8,138 not designated. As regards place of destination, 161,000 went to the United States; 24,097 to the Australian Colonies and New Zealand; 13,255 to the North American Colonies; and 6,530 to all other places. Classification of Population. The general classification of the population enumerated in England, Wales and Scotland, at the census of 1861, was as follows: England. Scotland. England. Sootland. 1. Professional Class......481,957.... 52,515 4. Agricultural Class.... 2,010,454.... 378,609 2. Domestic Class......11,426,720....1,784,295 5. Industrial Class...... 4,828,399.... 694,074 3. Commercial Class.... 623,710.... 84,338 6. Indefinite Class...... 694,984.... 118,463 Total.............................................................. 20,066,224 3,062,294 Wealth. The gross annual value of real property in 1862, was in England, ~120,069,963; in Scotland, ~15,128,538; in Ireland, ~13,400,546. Pauperism. The statistics of paupers in receipt of relief, was in 1867 and 1868, as follows: England and Wales (1868): Adult able-bodied paupers, 1$5,630; all other paupers, 849,193; total, 1,034,823. Scotland (1867): Paupers, 76,737; Dependents, 44,432; total, 121,169. Ireland (1868): Indoor paupers, 56,663; outdoor paupers, 15,830 total, 72,493. Crime. The number of criminal offenders, committed for trial, convicted, and acquitted, was, in 1867, in the three Kingdoms, as follows: Committed for Tial. Convicted Aequitted. England and Wales.................18,971................14,207...............4,741 Scotland........................... 3,305................ 2,510................ 277 Ireland............................. 4,561.............2,733................1,803 All the three Kingdoms show a considerable decrease in the number of persons committed for trial since 1853, which is partly attributed to the operation of the Criminal Justice statute of 1855, which authorizes Justices of the Peace to pass sentences for short periods, with the consent of the prisoners, instead of committing for trial to the Sessions. In Ireland the num ber of persons committed for trial has decreased more largely from 1854 to 1867, than in either England or Scotland, (from 11,788 to 4,561). 1869.] 569 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Reigning Sovereign and Family. VICTORIA I., Queen- of Great Britain and Ireland, born iay 21, 1S19; daughter of Edward, Dulke of Kent, (fourth son of King George III.), and of Princess Victoria, of Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg, widow of Prince Emich of Leiningen. Succeeded her uncle, William IV., June 20, 1-7; married February 10, 1840, to Prince Albert of Sa:e-Cobur-Gotha; widow December 14, 161. Children: 1. Princess Victoria, born Nov. 21, 1340; married to the Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, (see Prussia). 2. Prince Albert E dward, heir apparent, born November 9, 1841; married Mlarch 10, 1S63, to Princess Alexandra, daughter of the King of Denmark; (issue, two sons and one daughter: Albert Victor, born January 8, 1864; George, born June 3, 1565; and Louise, born February 20, 1867.) 3. Princess Alice, born April 25, 1843; married to Prince Ludwig, of IIesse Darmstadt. 4. Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, born August 6, S1844. 5. Princess Helena, born lay 25, 1846; married July 5, 1866, to Prince Christian of Schleswig-iolstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg,. 6. Princess Louise, born March 1S, 1lS48. 7. Prince Arthur, born May 1, 1850. 8. Prince Leopol l, born April 7, 153. 9. Princess Beatrice, born April 14, 1857. The Citil List of the Quees', in accordance with the act of December 23,1lC7, amounts to ~385,000; besides ~15,000 are allowed to Prince Alfred; ~8,000 to the Crown Princess of Prussia; ~6,000 to Princess Ludwig of Ilesse-Darmstadt; ~6,000 to the Duchess of Cambridge; ~,C00oo to the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; ~ 5,000 to Princess Teck; and ~12,000. to Duke George of Caribridge. The heir apparent of the crown has settled upon him an annuity of .~40,000. The Prince of Wales has besides as income, the revenues of the Duchy of Cornwall, which, in 1t(;6, amounted to ~78,158. The Princess of Wales has settled upon her an annual sum of ~10,003. The I,otise of Ifanover. The following is a list of the Kings of the House of Hanover: 1. George I. ascended the throne 171i4. 2. George II. 1727; 3. George III. 1760. 4. George IV. 1820. 5. William IV. brother of the preceding, S1830. 6. Victoria, 1837. Government. The form of government is monarchical, the monarchy being limited and hereditary. The Constitution vests the legislative power in Parliament, which consists of the Sovereign, the HIouse of Lords, and the House of Commons. The executive functions of government are performed in the name of the Sovereign by a ministry taken from members of both Houses, the ministers being held responsible for all executive and administrative acts. Legislative authority is lodged exclusively in Parliament, and the three branches cof King, Lords and Commons must concur in any measure before it can become law. General measures of logislation may be initiated in either House, but all bills of supply must originate in the Commons, nor has the House of Lords the power of amending their provisions. The Sovereign has the prerogative of the veto, but this has long ceased to be exercised, and the House of Commons is virtually omnipotent in its control of state affairs. The House of Lords consists of the Lords spiritual and temporal. Of the former there are 30, viz.: the Archbishops of York and of Canterbury, 24 English Bishops, and4 Irish Spiritual Peers. The latter numbered, in 18S67, 433, divided as follows: Peers of the Royal blood, 4; Dukes, 20; Marquesses, 19; Earls, 110; Viscounts, 22; Barons, 214,-all English; and 16 Scotch, and 28 Irish Representative Peers. The House of Commons has a total of 658 members, which has generally been the number since the union of Great Britain and Ireland. By the passage of the Scotch and Irish Reform Bills, the distribution of seats was so changed as to give England 493, Scotland 60, and Ireland 105 members. Scotland receives 7 additional members, but the whole number of members of Parliament remained unchanged. The passage of the measures in question has led to very material changes in the constituency of the popular branch of the Legislature. In the session of 18S(;7, a bill was introduced by the Derby Ministry providing for an enlargement of the constituency. by certain modifications of the franchise; but the changes proposed were clogged with provisions of so restrictive a character that the measure as introduced was vehemently opposed by the Liberal party, who successfully pressed upon the Government certain amendments which have had the effect of placing the franchise within reach of the working classes, and of adding hundreds of thousands of votes to the electoral body of the United Kingdom. The main feature of the Act is the provision establishing household suffrage in England. According to this new electoral law, every man is entitled to vote for members of Parliament, who, not laboring under any legal incapacity, shall be the occupier, as owner or tenant, of a dwelling-house in the borough in which he claims to vote, provided he is assessed, and has paid rates for the relief of the poor; and every man also who occupies lodgings which would let unfurnished at ~10 a year, on the condition in either case that he has occupied such dwelling-house or lodgings for a period of at least 12 months previous to the last day of July in any year. This is the qualification for voting in the boroughs. To be entitled to vote for county members the claimant is required to have a copyhold, or lease, hold interest, or an interest arising from any other tenure whatever, of at least ~5 clear yearly 570 L1869. value, in property situated in the county; or to be the occupier, on the same conditions as to period of residence as above stated, of lands or tenements within the county, of the ratable alule of ~12 or upwards. The other important provisions of the new Retorm Bill related to the redistribution of seats, whereby members were taken from certain small boroughs, not entitled to more than one representative each, and given to large towns with a numerous population, and to counties; and the adoption also of the principle of the representation of minorities, according to which, as applied in the Bill, in Constituencies returning three members, the voters shall be respectively entitled to vote for two only. In the session of 1868, supplementary Reform Bills from Scotland and Ireland were introduced, placing the franchise in those parts of the United Kingdom on substantially the same basis as in England, and in the case of Scotland providing for an addition of seven members to her representation. The duration of Parliament is septennial, but the Crown has the prerogative of dissolving at its pleasure, and a dissolution always takes place on the death of the Sovereign. The prerogative of dissolution, however, is never exercised except on the advice of Ministers, and as a rule only when some great question of state has to be submitted to the people for their decision, or when important acts have been passed by Parliament, involving great changes-ssuch, for instance, as the new Reform Bills. A general election, on the basis of the reform bills passed in 1867. and 1868, and explained above, took place in November 1868, the Right Hon. Benjamin Disr,-li being then Prime Minister. The Cabinet. (Dec. 1868.) First Lord of the Treasury, Right Hon. WILLIAM E. GLADSTONE; Lord Ciancesocr, LORD HATHIERLEY, (late Sir W. Page Wood); Lord President of the Council, EARL DE GREY and RIPON; Lord Privy Sea, EARL OF KIMBERLY; Chancellorof the Exchequer, Right Hon. ROBERT LOWE; Secretary of Statefor the Homne Department, Right Hon. HENRY A. BRUCE; Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, LORD CLARENDON; Secretary of State for the Colonies, EARL GRANVILLE; Secretary of State.for India, DUKE OF ARGYLL; Secretaey of State for War, RightHon. Mr. CARDWELL; Fiest Lord of the Admiralty, Right Hon. Mr. CHIIILDERS; President of the Board of roade, Right Ilon. JOHN BRIGIIT; Post,,Vaster General, MARQUIS OF HARTINOTON; Chancellor of thte Duciy of Laocaster, LORD DUFFERIN; President of the Poor Law Board, Right Honll. GEORGE J. GOSCHEN; Cihief Secretaryjof Ireland, Right Hon. CHICHESTER FORTESCUE. The Duke of Cambridge is Commander of the Forces, and A. Henry Layard Chief Commis sioner of Works and Public Buildings. Political Parties. The following are the statistics of most of the Parliamentary elections that have taken place since the passage of the Reform Act, showing in what manner the proportion between Liberals and Conservatives has been in various times affected: 1837. 1841. 1847. 1852. 1859. 1865. 1868.f CONSTITUENCIES. 1841. Lib. Con. 183 144 34 noi 61 441 82 21 11 18 321 337 1852. Lib. Con. 1.98' 25 33 111 631 42 34 19 11 18 33~9 315 Engrlish boroughs........ English counties........ Ireland.................. Scotland................. Wales.................... Education. Public Education has of late made great progress. The proportion of men who could write increased from two-thirds in 1842 to three-fourths in 1866; and of women, from a half to two-thirds, in the same periods. The least progress has been made In Wales. The progress of schools, inspected and supported by the Government from 1860 to 1866, is exhibited by the following table: ENGLAND AND WALES, INCLUSIVE OF ISLE OF MAN AND RONAN CATHOLIC SCHOOLS FOR GREAT BRITAIN. Year ending 31st of Aug. Schoois inspected. Children who can be accommodated. Average.O. of children in attendance. 1860 6,012 1,158,827 751.325 1862 6,113 1,292,560 813,850 1864 6,470 1,332,553 86(2.817 1867 7,601 1,605,409, ll,332 * Aboutt 30 of these were Liberal-Conservatives. t There was a tie vote for one English borough. i i I i i I i i i i i 1869.1 FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. 571 1837. Lib. C... 187 140, 49 95 'i 1 34 33 20 11 18 3.51 307, 1847. Lib. C... i 195 1321 37 107 (;2 43 34 19 11 18 339 319 1859. Lib. I C... 200 123 1 41 103. 52 53 38 15 15 14 346 3081 1865. Lib. I C... -i-, 198 1261 51 96, 56 49' 43 IOI 14 151 362 296; 1 868.t Lib. C... .ll.)7.93 47 123 (;6 31) 53 7 23 10 3S6 272 Total............... THE AIERPICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. SCOTLAND, EXCLUSIVE OF ROMAN CATHOLIC SCHOOLS. Year ending 31st of Aug. Schools inspected. Children who can be accommodated. Average No. f children in attendane. 1860 1,260 161,421 132,909 1862 1,456 183,6(80 150,999 1864 1,421 188,904 148,317 1867 1,739 231,898 1(;9,131 In Ireland, the total number of children whose names appeared on the rolls of the national schools in 1866, was 910,819, a decrease of i per cent. as compared with 1865. The average daily attendance was 316,225, a decrease of one-fifth per cent. Of the total number on the rolls, 738,794 (81.18 per cent.) were Roman Catholic; 6.96 per cent. belonged to the Established Church, 11.16 to the Presbytcrian, and 0.70 to other persuasions. The unmixed schools show 18,702 Protestant pupils under Protestant teachers, and 373,756 Roman Catholic pupils under Roman Catholic teachers. The annual Parliamentary grants to popular education amounted, in 1840, to ~30,000; in 1848, to ~83,406; in 1850, to ~180,110; in 1854, to ~326,436; in 1858, to ~668,873; in 1862, to ~774,743; in 1866, to ~649,006. From 1839 to 1866 the total public expenditure for education was ~6,710,862. Of this amount, ~4,039,333 were given to Church of England schools; ~228,110 to Roman Catholic schools in England and Wales; ~406,184 to schools connected with the Church of Scotland; ~322,i777 to the Free Church of Scotland; ~34,363 to the Episcopal Church of Scotland; ~18,793 to Roman Catholic schools in Scotland. A report of the Army Medical Department shows the following condition among every 1,000 recruits examined in 1864: Unablo to read or write. Able to read only. Able to read and write. England.................. 239.................37.................724 Scotland..................163.....................157......................680 Ireland.........................318...........104.................578 Finances. The gross produce of revenue, for the year ending March 31,1868, and the gross expenditure for the same period are as follows: EXPENDITURES. Interest and repayment of Debt.....~26,571,750 Consolidated Fund charges......... 1,893,898 Army...............................15,418,582 Navy......................11,168,939 Abyssinia Expedition............... 2,000,000 Collection of Revenue.............. 4,883,203 Packet service.................... 808,518 Civil service estimates.............. 8,491,341 Total........................~71,236,281 REVENUE. Customs...........................~ 22,650,000 Excise..............................20,162,000 Stamps.............................. 9,541,000 Assessed Taxes.................... 3,509,000 Income Tax........................ 6,177,000 Crown Lands........................ 345,000 Post Office.......................... 4,630,000 Mliscellaneous....................... 2,586,218 Totals....................... ~(69,600,218 The total amount of revenue and expenditures from 1864 to 1867 was as follows: REVENUE. EXPENDITURE. 1864................................~70,208,964...................~67,056,286 1865..................................70,31,43..............66,462,206 1866.................................67,812,292............................65,914,357 1867..................................69,434,568...........................66,780,396 The details of the changes made in taxation in the seven years from March 31, 1860, to March 31, 1867, were as follows: Taxes repealed or reduced, ~19,299,863; taxes imposed, ~3,263,215; net reduction, ~16,036,648. The state of the National Debt for the five years from 1863 to 1867, was as follows: CAPITAL. INTEREST. 1863...............................~799,802,139.....................~25,996,753 1864.............................790,565,224.........................26,211,790 1865................................786,510,795............................ 26,369,398 1866........................781,500,929......................26,233,288 1867................................777,497,804.................... 26,081,778 572 LIS69. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. Army. According to estimates laid before the House of Commons, the English army for the year 1867-68, consisted of the following regiments, depots and training establishments: Non-Co. offiers, Trumpete,rs and Drummers. REGIMENTS, DEPOTS AND TRAINING ESTABLISHMENTS. Officers on the General Staff............................ REGIMENTS. Royal Horse Artillery.................................... Life Guards and Horse Guards........................... Cavalry of the line....................................... Royal Artillery........................................... Riding Establishment................................... Royal Engineers.......................................... Military Traill............................................ Foot Guards.............................................. Infantry of the line...................................... Army Hospital Corps.................................... Commissariat Staff....................................... Staff Corps for Military Supplies......................... West Indian Regiments.................................. Colonial Corps........................................... Total.............................................. DEPOTS OF INDIAN REGIMENTS. Royal Horse Artillery.................................... Cavalry.................................................. Royal Artillery........................................... Infantry.................................................. Total.............................................. RECRUITING AND OTHER ESTABLISH3MENTS. Cavalry Depots........................................... Infantry "......................................... Recruiting Establishments............................... Instruction in Gunnery.................................. " in Engineering............................... in Musketry.................................. Total.........................................i... TRAINING SCHOOLS. Cadet Company (Woolwich).............................. Royal Military College (Sandbury)........................ Regimental Schools...................................... Total.............................................. RECAPITULATION. Total, General's Staff.................................... " Regiments...................................... Depots of Indian Regiments...................... Recruiting and other establishments.............. Training Schools.................................. Total, is............................................ Total force, cost of which is defrayed from Army Grants. In addition to the standing army, England had, in 1868, the following auxiliary forces; 1. The Disemrbodied Militia,. who are bound to five years service within the United Kingdom when called in. They must, in time of peace, be called in annually, for the purpose of exercise, no less than 21 and no more than 56 days. Their equipment is the same as that of the standing army. It consisted, for the year 1868-69, of 135 battalions of infantry, 29 battalions of artillery, 3,507 officers, 5,464 under officers, and 120,000 men; total, 128,971 men. Amount provided for the militia, ~986,000. 2. The Yeomanry Cavalry, 46 regiments, 1,254 officers, 14,651 men; annual time of exercise, 8 days; amount provided for them, ~88,000. 3. The Volunteers. The number is not officially declared in the budget; according to the statements of the officers, they numbered: cavalry, 1,318; artillery, 23,363; engineers, 2,904; riflemen, 135,000; total, 162,585; amount provided for volunteers, ~385,100. 4. Pensioners, and 5. Army Reserves. For these two classes ~64,600 were provided. Navy. The navy is governed by a Board of Admiralty, at the head of which is a Cabinet Minister, who is called First Lord, with a salary of ~4,500 per annum. Associated with him I .573 1869.1 R..k.d Fil.. offi.... 75 86 99 578 798 7 401 93 257 3,809 1 1 1 196 175 6,502 132 189 1 1,018 1,712 13 374 184 446 6,988 221 112 57 272 389 12,107 1,7- 1,029 8 14,) 7 14,250 205 3.918 1,521 5,250 63,760 778 488 242 3,000 4,270 108,&,-)8 11 44 2.312 392 34 143 (i9 71-18 974 13 133 51 26 14 30 267 404 6'-) 7 1,341 6,040 8,412 11 79 22 1 ..i4132 ..i 76 10 12 10 32 21 35 ISO 236 10 io 75 6,502 392 132 32 7,13,3 li,i6i 108','S'5'8 974 8,412 267 76 -236- 10 13,584 117,356 .... 138,073 TIIE AMIERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. are four other members called Lords by courtesy, three with salaries of ~1,000 per annum, and one with ~1,2-00. The first secretary has ~2,000 and the second secretary ~1,500 per annum. .Under the board arc five great departments: Controller of the navy, AccoLintant Genleral, Storekeeper General, Controller of Victualling, and Director General of the Medical Department. The total establishment, in 1867, consisted of 451 persons. The number of seamen belonging to the navy in the year 1867-68 was as follows: Seamen...................37,015 Afloat, Seamen................... 2,950 Boys including 3,100fortraining.. 7,418 " Boys..................... 40 44,433 Mtarines afloat...................8,000 3,400 " on shore................8,400 16,400 On shore, officers and men.................. 4,300 Total.............................6...................7,700 The actual strength of the navy, on the 1st of February 1867, was as follows: A Effective ail- Total inE Ohips steam and afloat. sailing. Afloat. aild'g. Total. Armor-plated ships,, iron, 3d rate, screw.......... ' " " 4th rate, ".......... " " wood, 3d rate, ".......... "; "; i;" 4th rate, ".......... cupola ships, 4th rate,.......... " corvettes, voocd, 6th rate.......... ' sloops, wood, 6th rate. ".......... gunboats, iron, ".......... floating batteries, i ron, ".......... " " " wood, ".......... Ships of the line, screw.............................. Frigates, ".............................. paddle.............................. Block ships, screw.............................. Corvettes, ".............................. Sloops, " Sloeps,.............................. paddle........................... Small vessels, " Small vessels,."................................. Despatch vessels ".............................. Gun vessels, screw.............................. Guin-boats,.............................." Tenders and tugs,............................... " " i' paddle............................. Mortar ships, screw.............................. Troop and store-ships, screw......................... ....... paddle......................... Transport for India reliefs, screw.................... Yachts, screw........................................ " paddle....................................... Mortar vessels and floats.............................. Total screw............................... Total paddle.................................. Total......................................... Commerce. The value of the imports and exports into and from the United Kingdom for the years 1864, 1865, and 1866, was as follows: 165. 1866. 1867. Imports............................~271,072,285............ ~295,204,553............~275,249,853 Exports. British produce.......... ~165,835,725............~188.827,7185............ ~181,183,971 Fort reign and Colonial..... 52,995,851................ 4-9,971.),115.............. 44,813,165 Total exports..............~218,831,576.........~238,806,900.........~226,057,136 Total of imports and exports... ~489,903,861............~534,011,453.........~501,3V6,989 Thie following table exhibits the division of imports and exports, in 18(6, between tho several countries: I I 574 [1869. FOR TI-IE COAST GUARD. FOR THE FLEET. STEAM. CLASSES OP SHIPS. 10 2 7 2 5 2 2 3 3 1 t's 45 5 2 24 38 10 10 4 38 97 8 41 2 14 1 6 I 5 29 ...... ...... 474 9 2 7 1 4 2 2 2 3 1 55 98 5 2 24 34 10 10 4 82 95 8 1 2 14 1 5 1 5 .... 341 73 414' I .... .i.. I .... .i.. .... 2 .... .... .... .... 3 .... .... .... 6 2 .... .... .... .... .... 21 1 22 10 2 7 2 5 2 2 3 3 1 r, 7 :), 3 5 2 24 31.' 1 0 1 0 4 38 9-i 8 41 2 14 1 5 1 5 .... -36't 4 4.'36 PIS FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED KINGDOM. British Possessions................~72,206;,838 United States....................... 46,852,284 France..............................37,016,576 Russia.............................. 19,636,129 Germany...........................18,591,954 E,gypt............................... 15,36S,824 Netherlands....................... 11,769,620 China........................107.......10,71,566 Belgium............................ 7,906,849 Brazil........................... 7,237,793 Sweden and Norway................ 5,613,515 Spain.............................. 5,553,13 Turkey............................. 5,304 500 Italy.............................. 3,830,744 Peru................................ 3,016,907 Cuba and Porto Rico................ 2,960,393 Chili................................ 2,943,112 Portugal............................ 2,517,828 Denmark 91 8.......................... 2,291,908 New Granada..............542, 664 Uruguay 1,540,250 Western Africa 1,422,937 Austria.............................. 1,369,831 Philippine Islands................... 1,196,557 EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM. British Possessions................ ~53,702,661 Austria............................~911 267 United States.......................28,484,146 Norway................................ 855 268 Germany............................15,786,016 Greece................................851,873 France..............................11,6)6,016 Sweden...............................827,794 Netherlands........................ 8,991,103 Western Africa..................... 601,368 Turkey............................. 8,096,56(3 Venezuela.............................410,360 Egypt............................... 7,540,504 Morocco...............................191,076 Brazil............................... 7,223,794 Central America.......................154,409 Italy................................ 5,821,530 Islands in the Pacific................ 138,426 China............................... 5,106,102 Tutnis.................................. 71,887 Russia............................. 3,093,231 Eastern Africa......................... 53,054 New Granada....................... 2,947,576 Ecuador............................... 43,813 Belgium............................ 2,871,386 Cape Verde Islands.................... 34,164 Argentine Republic......................... 2,844,306 Persia................................. 27,651 Spain............................... 2,336,508 Algiers................................ 15,636 Cuba................................ 2,236,903 Papal ports on the Mediterranean..... 14,853 Portugal............................ 2,204,310 Madagascar............................ 14,.'355 Chili............................. 1,852,436 Bolivia................................12,907 Java and Sumatra................... 1,723,653 Siam.................................. 4,088 Japan............................. 1,447,070 Arabia................................. 2,772 Hayti and San D'o'm''ingo............ 1,425,404 Cochin China.......................... 940 Uruguay............................ 1,402,174 Peru.......................... 1,354,697 Total to foreign countries....~135,125,124 Mexico.............................. 1,282,698 Denmark........................... 1,199,766 Grand total of Exports of Philippine Islands................... 918,250 British Produce............~188,827,785 In 1867, the total value of exports was ~226,057,126. Of this amount, about four-fifths, or ~181,183,971 consisted of British produce, against ~146,602,342 in 1863, showing an increase of ~34,359,581 in five years. The value of exports of British produce to each foreign country in each of the years 1863 and 1867 respectively, was as follows: Russia, ~2,695,276 and ~3,944,035; Sweden, ~606,987 and ~647,318; Norway, ~556,979 and ~848,843; Denmark and Danish possessions, ~1,591,203 and ~1,862,668; Prussia, ~1,917,345 and ~2,879,380; Schleswig-Holstein and Lauenberg, ~124,217 and ~119,265; Hanover, ~56S,337 and ~193,842; Mecklenburg Schwerin, ~72,429 and ~84,497; Oldenburg and Kniphausen, ~54,838 and ~36,418; Hanse Towns, ~10,806,092 and ~17,229,251; Holland and Dutch possessions, ~7,087,095 and ~10,913,883; Belgium, ~2,107,332 and ~2,816,481; France, ~8,673,309 and ~12,121,010; French possessions, ~31,850 and ~63,300; Portugal proper, ~2,225,777 and ~1,823,382; Portugese possessions, ~211,130 and ~223,578; Spain, ~3,508.556 and ~2,237,962; Spanish possessions, including Cuba and Porto Rico, ~2,840,832 and ~3,590,069; Italy, ~6,038,3?05 and ~4,865,552; Papal territory, ~26,868 and ~15,801; Austrian territories, viz:-Illyria, Croatia, and Dalmatia, ~864,736 and ~963,952; Greece, ~341,991 and ~514,686; Ionian Islands (1864), ~310,084 and ~434.,438; Turkey, ~5,471,924 and ~5,429,096; Turkish possessions, ~1,427,038 and ~1,628,767; Egypt, ~4,406,295 and ~8,198,111; Tunis, ~4,924 and ~67,204; Morocco, ~174,551 and ~189,367; Western Coast of Africa, ~590,111 and ~794,073; Eastern Coast of Africa, ~15,289 and ~33,9.30; Madagascar, ~13,085, and ~585; Muscat, Arabia, ~1,189 and ~6,638; Persia (1864), ~530 and ~14,069; Siam, ~11,984 and ~4,244; Cochin China, 1869.1 575 Arentine Republic................ 21,061,518 Greece.......... 879,598 Central merica..................... 560,443 Rumania............................. 441,928 Azores and Madeira.................. 400,601 Canary Islands....................... 393,639 Morocco.............................. 366,082 Mexico.............................. 313,478 Japan................................ 2'i3,745 Hayti and San Domingo............. 248,173 Venezuela........................... 202,0.36 Syria and Palestine.................. 137,.908 Ecuador.............................. 120,890 Danish West Indies.................. 107,993 Algiers................................. 48,405 French Possessions in India......... 45,255 Fernando Po......................... 34,237 Java and Sumatra..................... 8,152 Other countries...................... 1,107,539 Total from foreign countries..2222,997,715 Grand total of Imports...... 9295,204,553 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ~36,597 and ~612; China, ~2.416,705 and ~4,996,469; Japan, ~108,897 and ~1,545,386; Islands in the Pacific, ~141,119 and ~19,888; Hayti and St. Domingo, ~528,614 and ~291,623; United States of America, ~15,344,392 and ~21,825,703; Mexico, ~1,678,572 and ~812,948; Central America, ~140,609 and ~243,560; New Granada, ~1,558,188 and ~2,390,931; Venezuela, ~402,261 and ~260,136; Ecuador, ~9,864 and ~44,672; Peru, ~1,027,343 and ~1,422,112; Bolivia (1864), ~3,510 and ~3,852; Chili, ~1,431,814 and ~2,524,438; Brazil, ~3,964,261 and ~5,694,577; Uruguay, ~534,937 and ~2,452,508; Argentine Confederation, ~1,330,959 and ~2,837,124. The value of exports, the produce of the United Kingdom, to the British possessions in 1867, was ~49,799,610, against ~50,879,270 in 1863. The value of these exports to each of the colonies, in each of the years 1863 and 1867 respectively, was as follows: Channel Islands, ~867,776 and ~469,523; Gibraltar, ~1,267,900 and ~723,318; Malta and Gozo, ~622,608 and ~498,796; possessions on the river Gambia, ~69,037 and ~75,700; Sierra Leone, ~17t8,726 and ~225,655; Gold Coast, ~80,849 and ~328,702; Ascension, ~7,066 and ~5,710; St. Helena, ~33,544 and ~36,936; Cape of Good Hope, ~1,241,946 and ~1,701,441; Natal, ~281,339 and ~191,570; Mauritius, ~511,813 and ~377,450; Aden, ~45,017 and ~79,127; India, exclusive of transit through Egypt, ~20,002,241 and ~21,805,127; Straits Settlements, ~1,486,774 and ~2,068,910; Ceylon, ~1,075,927 and ~771,879; Hong-kong, ~1,473,222 and ~2,471,809; Australian colonies, ~12,493,534 and ~9,613,739; British North American colonies, ~4,813,482 and ~5,862,402; Bermuda, ~607,443 and 43,479; British West India Islands, ~2,623,847 and ~1,666,697; British Guiana, ~512,391 and 625,943; British Honduras, ~161,367 and ~148,016; Falkland Islands, ~11,303 and ~7,611. The Merchant Navy. The movement of shipping in the years 1864 to 1866, was as follows: British Vessels-,-Tonnage. [ Foreign Vessels-Tonnage. Total Tonnage. 184 Entered............... 9,028,100-..............4,486,911..............13,515,011 t~~ 186. Ceared............90;IO..........44891........15101 Cleared....................9,173,575..............4,515,923..............13,689,498 Total..................18,201,675..............9,002,834..............27,204,509 1865. Entered...............9,623,432..............4,694,454..............14,317,886 Cleared.................. 9.735,523.............. 4,843,683..............14,579,206 Total..................19,358,955 9,538,137 28,897,092 1866. Entered.................10,692,102..............4,920,068..............15,612,170 Cleared.................10,563,624..............5,086,656..............15,650,280 Total.................. 21,255,726............. 10,006,724.............. 31,262,450 The merchant navy was composed, at the close of the years 1865 and 1866, as follows: 1. UNITED KINGDOM. 1865. 1866 1867. Vessels. Tonnage. Vess,els. Tonnage. Vessels. Tonnage. Sailing Vessels...............26,069.. 4,936,776..... 26,140...4,903,652...... 25,842...4,852,911 Steamers................. 2,718... 823,533..... 2,831... 875,685...... 2,931.. 901,062 Total......................28,787.. 5,760,309.....28,971...5,779,337......28,773...5,753,973 2. COLONIES AND EAST INDIES. Sailing Vessels and Steamers.12,718... 1,583,941..... 12,477... 1,562,295.... 12,560...1,561,985 Total...................... 41,505...7,344,250..... 41,448...7,341,632..... 41,333...7,315,958 The merchant navy, at the close of 1867, had 846,606 and at the close of 1866, 348,214 sailors. 7. GREECE. Capital, Athens. Area, 19,353 square miles. Popu,lation, 1,348,522. History. Beginning of the war of independence against the Turkish rule, 1821; Greece recognized as an independent Kingdom under the protectorate of France, England and Russia, 1830; Prince Otto of Bavaria elected first king, 1832; flight of king Otto, 1862; election of king George I., 1863; annexation of the Ionian Islands, 1864. The average density of population is 66 per square mile, or considerably less than that of European Turkey. The nationality of the inhabitants is very mixed. The Albanian race, numbering about a quarter of a million, furnish to the Greek soil the greatest number of cultivators, and to the maritime population of Greece its most enterprising element. Only one-seventh of the area is under cultivation; the rest, though in greater part good for agricultural purposes, lies waste. The ground is chiefly in the hands of a few proprietors. The chief city, Athens, has 41,298 inhabitants. Reigning Sovereign and Family. GEORGE I., King of the Hellenes, born Dec. 24, 1845, son of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glficksburg, present King of 576 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. Denmark; elected King of the Hellentes by the National Assembly at Athens, March 18, 1863; married, Oct. 27,1867, to Olga, born Aug. 22, 1851, the eldest daughter of Grand Duke Constantine of Russia, brother of the Emperor Alexander II. Children: 1. Prince Constantine, born Aug. 2, 1868. Government. The constitution vests the whole legislative power in a single Chamber of representatives, elected by universal suffrage. The executive is vested in the King and his responsible ministers, assisted by a Council of State. The latter consists of 15 to 25 members, named by the Crown at the recommendation of the ministers, and holding office for 10 years. The Ministry. (Appointed 1868.).Minister of Home Affairs and President of the Council, BULGARIS; Minister of Foreign Affairs, DELYANN1; Minister of Finance, Simos; Ministerof Public Worship, MAVROMICHALIS; Minister of War, SrPIRO MILIO; Minister of Justice, BARTOGLIS; Minister of Marine, CANARIS. The number of government officials is exceedingly large. Education. The public schools are divided into four classes-the Communal Schools, the ancient Greek Schools, the Gymnasium and the University. Finances. The finances are at present in a most disordered state. The budget for 1867 states for revenue 32,472,335 drachmas (28 drachmas -~1), and for expenditure 28,160,000. But the actual expenditure is believed to have been much larger than that given in the budget estimates, and there have been few financial terms without a deficit. The deficit of the budget for 1866 is calculated to be 4 to 5 million drachmas. The public debt is variously stated; the official report of 1866 settles it at 233,000,000drachmas. Army and Navy. The army consisted, in 1866, of 11,460 men; the navy of a frigate of 50 guns, 2 corvettes of 26 and 22 guns, 1 paddle steamer with 6 guns, 6 screw steamers having in all 10 guns, and of 26 smaller vessels and gunboats. The navy is manned by conscription and volunteering from the inhabitants of the sea-coast. Commerce. The value of imports amounted, in 1864, to 62,000,000 drachmas, the exports to 31,000,000. The most important commercial relations are those with Great Britain, France and Turkey. The commercial navy numbered, in 1864, 4,528 ships of 280,342 tons, and a crew of 24,949 men. There is, as yet, no railroad in Greece. 8. ITALY. Capital, Florence. Area, 109,837 square miles. puatiaon, 24,368,787. History. In 1416. the Counts of Savoy adopted the title of Duke; in 1418, they acquired the principality of Piedmont. At the peace of Utrecht, in 1713, they obtained the island of Sicily, with the title of King. Sicily was exchanged, in 1720, for the isle of Sardinia. Genoa and the surrounding territory were added to the Sardinian Crown at the peace of 1815. By the treaty of Villa Franca, and the peace at Zurich, 1859, the king, Victor Emanuel II. obtained Western Lombardy, part of the Papal States, and the Duchies of Parma and Modena, while the remaining districts of Lombardy with Venetia were added to his dominion by the Peace of Prague, in 1866. In 1863, the kingdom was divided into 59 provinces, and the seat of government was transferred to Florence, in 1865. Population. The population is most crowded in Lombardy and the Island of Sicily; the least numerous in the Island of Sardinia. Lombardy and Sicily are the provinces in which the population has increased most rapidly. Sardinia and the Neapolitan provinces are next in order; the increase has been much slower in Piedmont. In 1865, there were 205,651 marriages, 865,387 births, and 672,897 deaths. It is calculated that only two-thirds of the area capable of production, is cultivated, and that the rest lies waste. The,great mass of the people are devoted to agricultural pursuits. The number of inhabitants of the principal cities was, in 1864, as follows: Naples..................... 447,065 Catania.....................6.......,810 Turin.......................204,915 Feiara........................... 67,988 Milan......................196,109 Lucca......................... 5,4,35 Palermo........................... 194,463 Verona.............................59,169 Genoa (1861).......................127,986 Ravenna............................57,303 Venice............................122,942 Alessandria......................... 6,545 Florence.......................... 114,363 Modena............................55,512 Bologna............................109,395 Padua......................5.......3,584 Messina............................103,324 Pisa................................51,057 Leghorn........................... 96,471 Reggio........................ 50,71 The number of persons having incomes derived from real property is estimated to be 4,861,000, of which 1,000,000 are in the Sardinian States, and 1,400,000 in Naples. The amount of such incomes is ~40,400,000 sterling, of which ~7,750,000 belong to the Sardinian States, 37 1869.] 577 ~6,000,000 to Lombardy, and ~12,000,000 to Naples. The increase of wealth in most of the Italian States has been much more rapid within the last century than the increase of population. Reigning Sovereign and Family. VICTOR EMANUEL II., King of Italy, born March 14, 1820, son of King Charles Albert of Sardinia and Archduchess Theresia of Austria, succeeded to the throne of Sardinia, March 23,1849; proclaimed King of Italy by vote of the Italian Parliament, March 17,1861; married April 12, 1842, to Archduchess Adelaide of Austria. Children: 1. Princess Clotilde, born March 2, 1843; married Jan. 30, 1859, to Prince Napoleon, cousin of the Emperor of the French. 2. Prince Humbert, heir-apparent, born March 14, 1844; married April 22, 1868, to Princess Margaret of Savoy, born Nov. 20, 1851, daughter of the late Duke of Genoa. 3. Prince Amadeus, born May 30, 1845, married May 30, 1867, to Maria, daughter of Prince Charles Emanuel dal Pozzo della Cisterna, born Aug. 9, 1847. 4. Princess Pia, born Oct. 16, 1847, married Oct. 6, 1862 to King Louis I. of Portugal. Government. The executive power belongs exclusively to the Sovereign, and is exercised by him through responsible ministers. The legislative power is vested in the King and Parliament. The latter consists of two Chambers. The Senate is composed of the royal princes, and of a number of members nominated by the King for life; the number of senators in 1867, was 283. The deputies of the lower House are elected by a majority of all citizens who are 21 years of age, and pay taxes to the amount of 40 lire = 40 francs. The duration of Parliament is 5 years. Each of the Chambers has the right of introducing new bills, but all money bills must originate in the House of Deputies. The House numbered in 1867, 493 members. The Ministry. Minister of Foreign Affairs and President of the Gouncil, Gen. MENABREA, appointed 1867; Miinister of the Interior, CADORNA, appointed 1868; MYinister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs, DE FILIPPO, appointed 1868; Miinister of Finance, Count DIGNY; Min,ister of War, Gen. BERTOLE VIALE; Minister of Marine, Rear Admiral RIROTTI, appointed 1868; Minister of Public Instruction, Agricutlture, and Commerce, E. BROGLIO; Minister of Public Works, Count CANTELLI. Education. Under the new Italian Government, a great part of the property confiscated from the monastic establishments has been devoted to the cause of public education, for which besides, an annual credit of ~600,000 is voted by the Parliament. Thirty-three great model schools have been opened; notwithstanding the great efforts of the new Government, education yet stands very low in the kingdom. According to the census of 1864, out of a total population of 21,703,710, there were only 3,884,245 who could read and write. There are 13 universities in Italy, including the Papal States-Bologna, Naples, Padua, Rome, Perugia, Pisa, Siena, Pavia, Turin, Parma, Florence, Catania, Cagliari and Genoa. Finances. The budget for 1867, including for the first time the newly annexed Venetian provinces, showed an increased income, but still more increased expenditure. Revenue, 792, 553,032 lire; expenditure, 1,014,409,071 lire; deficit, 221,856,039 lire (lire = franc). The actual deficit of 1866 was, however, calculated to amount to no less than 800,000,000 lire, owing to the immense war expenditure in 1866, and to paying indemnity for property in Venetia. The bud get estimate for 1869, reports the following: Total revenue, 804,516,743 lire; total expenditure, 1,004,262,2581 lire; presumed deficit, 199,745,510 lire. The national debt was as follows, March 1, 1867: Consolidated Stock, 4,873,854,354 lire; redeemable debt, 675,549,812 lire; debt not yet inscribed, 622,560,203 lire; total, 6,171,963,369 lire. Debt in March 1868, 6,251,000 lire. Army. A certain portion of all the young men of the age of 21 is levied annually for the standing arlmy, while the rest are entered in the army reserve. The army is divided into 6army corps. The total number on peace footing for 1869 is fixed at 183,431 men and officers; on war footing, 573,721 men and officers. Fortresses: Alessandria, Casale, Genoa, Pizzighettone, Pavia, Verona, Mantua, Peschiera, Legnago, Venice, Chioggia, Palmanova, Osopo, Ancona, Ferrara, Piacenza, Bologna, Reggio, Gaeta, Capua, Pescara, Messina, Siracuse, Cagliari, Sassari. Navy. The navy consisted, in 1868, of 22 ironclads, 35 screw steamers, 33 paddle wheel steam ers, 9 sailing vessels; total, 99 vessels, carrying a total armament of 1,022 guns. Of these, 75 vessels, with 991 guns, are fit for war. The navy was manned by 11,193 sailors and 660 working men, with 1 admiral, 5 vice admirals, 12 rear admirals, 36 captains of vessels, 28 captains of frig ates first-class, 38 captains of frigates second class, 80 lieutenants first class, 145 lieutenants second class, and 140 sub-lieutenants. There are, besides,2 regiments of marine infantry, with 234 officers and 5,688 soldiers. Commerce. The commercial intercourse of Italy is chiefly with France and Great Britain; the imports from France were in 1865, 294,000,000 francs, and from England, 203,000,000; the ex ports to France amounted to 135,000,000. Next in order of importance are the commercial trnsactions with Austria and Switzerland. Value of merchandise in 1865: Imports, 965,000,000 578 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. francs; exports, 558,000,000; of transit goods, 55,000,000 francs; total, 1,578,000,000 francs. The average produce of olive oil represents a value of 200,000,000 francs, of which 70,000,000 worth is exported. The Neapolitan provinces produce 81,000,000, Sicily 39,000,000, Ligura and Piedmont 36,000,000, Tuscany, 20,000,000 francs in value. Italy imports mineral oils of a value of nearly 12,000,000 francs per annum, and exports about the same value in linseed, almond and other oils. The commerce of Venice has for many years been on the decline. The commercial navy consisted, at the end of 1866, of 16,210 sailing vessels of 717,364 tons burden, among which were 99 steamers of 22,445 tons burden. The whole number of seamen inscribed on the rolls was, in 1866, 155,747. In 1867 there were 3,675 kilometres (2,300 miles) of railroads. There were 372 newspapers published in the kingdom; of these, 41 were published in Genoa, 42 in Florence, 44 in Turin, 44 in Naples and 51 in Milan. There are 173 savings-banks, having 398,862 deposits. 9. LUXEMBURG. Capital, Luxemburg. Area, 991 square miles. Population, 199,958. History. This Grand Duchy belonged to the German Confederation, from its beginning (1815) until its dissolution (1866). Its capital, Luxemburg, was a federal fortress. The right of garrisoning it belonged to Prussia, but it renounced it by the treaty of London, May 11, 1867, while the Grand Duchy was declared neutral under the permanent sovereignty of the House of Orange-Nassau. Government. A Governor appointed by the King of the Netherlands administrates the Grand Duchy. The constitution of 1848 was revised in 1856. According to the Law of Election of 1857. a Diet of 31 deputies is chosen every 6 years. The mode of election is indirect. The legislative power is jointly with the King, (Grand Duke) and the Diet. Finances. The budget for 1868 is as follows: Revenue, 4,836,220 francs: expenditure, 4,959,977 francs; deficit, 123,757 francs. The public debt was stated, in 1866, to be a little over 12,000,000 francs. 10. NETHERLANDS. Capitalz, Hague. Area, 12,680 square miles. Population, 3,552,665. History. In the 14th and 15th centuries the Netherlands formed part of the territory of the Duke of Burgundy, with which, on the extinction of the Ducal House, they fell to the house of Hapsburg at the close of the 15th century. After the death of Charles V.. they were united with Spain under Philip II. General insurrection against the Spanish rule, 1576; recognition of the Dutch Republic, 1609; the office of Governor was made hereditary in the family of Orange, 1747; conquest of the Netherlands by the French, and establishment of the Batavian Republic, 1805; establishment of the Kingdom of Holland under Louis Bonaparte. 1806; Holland united with France, 1810; Holland and Belgium united into the Kingdom of the Netherlands, 1815; independence of Belgium. 1830. The pure Dutch number about 2,500,000; the Friesians are dispersed, (500,000) through four provinces. while North Brabant is almost entirely inhabited by a Flemish population. The Netherlands possess a comparatively larger town population than any other country in Europe. The chief cities are: Amsterdam, 264,498 inhabitants; Rotterdam, 115,277; Hague, 87,801; Utrecht, 58,607. Reigning Sovereign and Family. WILLIAM III., King of the Netherlands, born Feb. 19, 1817. son of King William II. and of Princess Anna Paulowna, daughter of Czar Paul I. of Russia: succeeded, at the death of his father, March 17, 1849; married June 18, 1839, to Sophie, born June 17, 1818. daughter of King William I. of Wurtemrberg. Children: 1. Prince William, heir-apparent. ("Prince of Orange,") born Sept. 4, 1840; 2. Prince Alexander, born Aug. 25, 1851. The royal family-known as the House of Orange-Nassau-descended from a German Count Walram in the 11th century. The family acquired,. in 1404, the little principality of Breda, and thereby got a footing in the Netherlands. The alliance of Count William II. of Nassau, with a daughter of King James II., transferred the Crown of Great Britain to the family. The dignity of Governor of the Netherlands was formally declared to be hereditary in 1747, in William IV. of this family. In consequence of a decree of the Congress of Vienna, William VI. was proclaimed King of the Netherlands, under the title of William I. House of Orange-Nassau: William I., 1815: William II., 1840; William III., 1849. Government. The whole legislative authority is vested in two Chambers, (" States-General"). The upper House consists of 39 members, elected by the provincial Diets; the second Chamber numbers 72 members, elected by ballot. All native citizens paying taxes to the 1869.1 579 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. amount of 120 guilders, are voters. All financial measures must originate in the second Chamber. The executive authority is in the hands of the Sovereign, and exercised by him through a responsible Council of Ministers. The Ministry. Minister of Foreign Affairs, ROEST VAN LIMBURO; Minister of Justice, VAN SILVER; Minister of the Interior, C. FocK; Minister of Finance, VAN BOSSE; Minister of Marine, BROEX; Minister of War, VAN MULKEN; Minister of Colonies, DE WAAL. Education. Education is well conducted, and very generally diffused. Besides the public schools, there are many higher establishments and Latin schools. Above them are the three Universities of Leyden, Groningen, and Utrecht. The proportion of attendance in the public schools is one in eight of the entire population. There are published annually over 1,800 prints, 150 newspapers, and 60 other periodicals. Finance. The revenue in 1867 amounted to 98,577,234 (Dutch) florins; the expenditure to 102,220,158 florins. The public debt, in 1867, amounted to 969,450,913 florins, and the interest at 27,635,375 florins. Army and Navy. The army of the Netherlands is formed partly by conscription and partly by enlistment. The men drawn by conscription at the age of 20 serve, nominally, 5 years. Besides the regular army there exists the militia. The European portion of the Dutch army consisted, in 1867, of 61,318 men. The Dutch Navy was composed, July 1, 2868, of 1.35 vessels, carrying 1,325 guns. The navy is manned by 1 admiral, 2 "admiral-lieutenants," 2 vice admirals, 4 rear admirals, 20 captains, 42 commanders, 342 first and second lieutenants, 115 midshipmen, and 123 administrative officers. The active strength of the crew amounted, Jan. 1, 1867, to 2,129 men. Both sailors and marines are recruited by enlistment, conscription being allowed but not actually in force. The principal fortresses are Herzogenbusch, Breda, and Grave. Commerce. The total imports in 1866 amounted to 528,000,000 florins; exports 436,000,000 florins. The commerce of the Netherlands has greatly increased within the last ten years. During this time. the imports from Great Britain, Germany, and Russia have nearly doubled, while the exports have risen, chiefly to Germany, Belgium, and Italy. The mercantile navy has been decreasing of late years. It consisted, at the end of 1866, of 2,178 vessels, measuring 270,042 tons. Colonies. The Colonial possessions of the Netherlands are divided into the following dependencies: East India, 20,074,155 inhabitants; West Indies, 86,703; Coast of Guinea, 120,000; total population, 20,280,858. Slavery ceased in the West Indian colonies in 1860. The colonial army consisted, at the end of 1864, of 27,617 men. 11. PAPAL STATES. Capital, Rome. Area, 4,552 square miles. Population, 723,121. History. The formation of the States of the Church, dates from the year 755. The territory increased by various subsequent additions. In 1810 the whole of the Papal States were included in the kingdom of Italy, but the Congress of Vienna restored a greater part of them. In 1859 the Romagna detached itself from the Papal rule, and in 1860 the Marches and Umbria followed. Of the former 20 "legations" and "delegations," only 5 remain. The city of Rome had, in 1867, 215,573 inhabitants. Reigning Sovereign. Prus IX., Sovereign Pontiff of Rome, born at Sinigaglia, May 18, 1792, son of Count Mastai Ferretti; elected as successor of Gregory XVI., June 16, 1846; crowned June 21, 1846. The election of a Pontiff is by scrutiny or a ballot. Pius IX. is the 258th Pope. Government. In theory, the Sovereign Pontiff enacts all laws and nominates to all appointments, but practically the legislative and executive power is left to a Cabinet. A Council of Ministers conducts the foreign relations. The Council of State consists of 9 ordinary and 6 extraordinary members. The Ministry. Minister of State and Foreign Affairs, Cardinal ANTONELLI, President, appointed 1850; Minister of Finance, G. FERRARI. appointed 1854; Minister of the Interior, A. NEGRONI, appointed 1868; Minister of War, Gen. H. KANZLER, appointed 1865; Minister of Conrmerceand Public Works, Cardinal BERARDI, appointed 1868; Ministerof Police, L. RANDI, (1865). Finance. No official account of the revenue and expenditures of the Papal Government is given to the public. According to the statement of Roman papers, the budget for 1867 is as fbllows: Revenue, 36,000,000 francs; expenditure, 65,000,000 francs; deficit, 29,000,000 francs. The sum total of the Pontificial debt is unknown; its interest is stated to amount to 37,000,000 frcs;. 580 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. Army. The army is entirely formed by enlistment, taking place in foreign countries as well as within the Papal States. The troops numbered, in June 1868, 16,525 men. Commerce. The international trade is extremely small, although facilitated by the excellent port of Civita Vecchia. There are no recent statements as to exports and imports. As to the movement of ships, there entered and cleared, in 1864, 5,916 vessels of a burthen of 891,723 tons. from and to France. The principal countries as to commercial intercourse with the Papal States are France (and Algeria), Great Britain, Tuscany, Sardinia, Naples, Sicily, and Spain. Cereals are the chief staple of trade. The produce of wool amounted, in 1867, to 831,000 kilogrammes. There are four lines of railway of the length of 84 English miles. 12. PORTUGAL. Capital, Lisbon. Area, 37,977 square miles. Popudation, 4,351,519. History. Portugal, until the 12th century shared the fate of Spain. At the beginning of the 12th century, Henry of Burgundy became, as Count of Portugal, the first independent ruler. Alfonso I. declared king, 1139. Extinction of the House of Burgundy, 1480. Portugal united with Spain, 1480-1640. First kingof the House of rag,anza. 1640, which has eversince reigned, except from 1807 to 1809, when the country was occupied by French troops. Islands and Colonies. The population of the islands and colonies is as follows: Islands:-Azores, 251,894; Madeira, 111,764; total, 363,658. Total population in Europe, 4,351,519. Colonies:-Cape Verde Islands, 84,191; Senegambia, 1,095; islands of St. Thomas and Principe, 18,369; Angola and Benguela, 2,000,000; Mozambique, 300,000; India, (Goa), 474,185; Damao, Diu, 52,882; Indian Archipelago, 850,300; China. (Macao), 100,000; total, 3,881,022. Portugal has few large towns. The chief cities are Lisbon, 224,244 inhabitants; Oporto, 89,321 inhabitants. Reigning Sovereign and Family. Louis I. King of Portugal, born Oct. 31,1838, son of Queen Maria II. and of Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg; succeeded his brother, King Pedro V Nov.11,1861; married Oct. 6, 1862, to Pla, born Oct.16, 1847, youngest daughter of King Victor Emanuel of Italy. Children: 1. Carlos, born Sept. 28, 1863. 2. Alfonso, born 1865. Father of the kind: Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg, born 1805, married in 1836, Queen Maria II. of Portugal; Regent of Portugal during the minority of his son, the late King Pedro V. (185.-1855). Uncle of the King: Prince Miguel, born 1802: Regent of Portugal, 1828; declared King June 30, 1828; abdicated May 29, 1834: died 1866. The reigning dynasty of Portugal belongs to the House of Braganza, which dates from the commencement of the 15th century. The present king is the second Sovereign of Portugal of the line of Braganza-Coburg. Government. The fundamental law of the kingdom, granted by King Pedro IV. in 1826, was altered in 1852. The crown is hereditary in the female as well as male line. The executive and moderating authority reside in the sovereign and his responsible ministers. The General Cortes consists of two Chambers. The Senators are unlimited in number, and named for life by the Sovereign. The members of the House are chosen in direct election. Continental Portugal is divided into 37 electoral districts, returning 154 deputies, to which Madeira and the Azores add 25. The Executive consists of the following: Council of Ministers. (1868.) The President, and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Marquis SA DA BANDEIRA; Mirnister of the Interior, Bishop ALVES MARTINS; Minister of Justice and Ecciesiastical Affairs. PEQUITO SEIXAS D'ANDRADE; Minister of Finance, BENTO DA SILVA; Mnister of Marine and Colonies, LATINO COELHO; Minister of Cnommerce and Public Workgs. LOPEZ CALHEIROS E MENEZES: Minister of War, Viscount DE SAO THIAGO. Education. It is compulsory by the law, on parents, to send their children to school, but this is far from being enforced. In 1862, there was one scholar to every 36 inhabitants. There is only one university in the kingdom, that of Coimbra (founded in 1290); there are 182 lyceums with an average of 3,000 scholars. Finances. The revenue has increased but little during the last 30 years. There has been no budget in the same period without a deficit. The budget for 1867-1868 is as follows: Revenue. 16,884,419 milreis (milreis=54+ d.); expenditure, 22,695,979 milreis. The budget for the colonies was fixed for 1867. as follows: Revenue, 1,275,000,000 milreis; expenditure, 1,435,000,000 milreis; deficit, 160,000,000 milreis. The public debt amounted, in 1867, to 218,000,000 milreis. Army. The army of the kingdom consists of the following troops: Infantry, 15,099; cavalry, 2,5.39; artillery, 1,495. To these troops must be added municipal guards, veterans etc. The total strength amounts to 24,848 men. The troops in the colonies number 9,453 men in first line, and 21,411 men in second line. 1869.1 581 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Navy. The navy consisted in 1868, of 31 ships with 305 guns, and was manned by 3,180 sailors and marines. Commerce. The total value of imports was, in 1866, 26,000,000, the exports, 22,000,000 milreis. 13. RUSSIA. Capital, St. Petersburg. Area, 7,862,568 square miles. Population, 77,008,448. Hiatory. Rurik, Prince of the Russians, arrived at Novgorod and laid the foundation of the Russian Empire, 861. Extinction of the House of Rurik, 1598. Accession of the Rouse of Romanof to the throne, 1613. Area and Population. The Russian Empire comprises one-seventh of the territorial part of the globe, and about one-twenty-sixth part of its entire surface. Total area-7,862,568 square miles,-European Russia embraces 2,050,313 square miles. The population of the Russian Empire is divided as follows: European Russia, 61,325,923; Government of Caucasus, 4,157,917; Siberia, 4,625,699; Kingdom of Poland, 5,100,000; Grand Duchy of Finland, 1,798,909; total, 77,008,448 inhabitants. The chief cities of the Russian Empire are: St. Petersburg, 539,122 inhabitants; Moscow, 351,609; Warsaw, 243,512; Odessa, 118,970; Riga, 102,043; Kischinef, 94,124; Saratof, 84,391; Wilna, 69,464; Kief, 68,424; Nikolajef, 64,561; Kasan, 63,085; Tula, 56,739; Berdischef, 53,169; Kharkof, 52,016 inhabitants. More than a hundred tribes, speaking as many different languages, are comprised within the circuit of the Russian Empire, but nearly all these live on the frontiers of the country. The interior is inhabited by a homogeneous race, the Russians. Serfdom was abolished in 1863, within the whole of Russia. The following statement shows the respective number belonging to the different nationalities: Nativity. Inhabitants. Nativity. Inhabitants. Russians........................53,470,000 Circassians........................800,000 Poles........................... 4,860,000 Rumanians........................ 780,000 Tartars.......................... 4,780, Armenians........................540,000 Fins............................ 4,630,000 Mongols...........................500,000 Lithuanians..................... 2,420,000 Swedes............................150,000 Jews............................ 2,290,000 Greeks............................ 50,000 Germans........................ 830,000 Bulgarians........................ 41,000 Georgians....................... 800,000 Servians........................... 30,000 Total.................................................................... 77,000,000 Reigning Sovereign and Family. ALEXANDER II., Emperor of Russia, born April 17, 1818, son of Emperor Nicholas I. and of Princess Charlotte of Russia; succeeded his father, Feb. 18, 1855; married April 16, 1841, to Maria, born Aug. 8, 1824, daughter of Grand Duke Ludwig II. of Hesse-Darmstadt. Children: 1. Grand Duke Alexander, heir-apparent, born Feb 26, 1845; married Nov. 9, 1866, to Maria Dagmar, daughter of King Christian IX. of Denmark; son, Nicholas, born May 18, 1868: 2. Grand Duke Vladimir, born April 10,1847; 3. Grand Duke Alexis, born Jan. 2, 1850; 4. Grand Duchess Maria, born Oct. 5, 1853; 5. Grand Duke Sergius, born April, 1857; 6. Grand Duke Paul, born Sept. 21, 1860. Sister of the Emperor, Grand Duchess Olga, born Aug. 30, 1822, married to Prince Charles, (now king) of Wurtemberg. The reigning family of Russia descended in the female line. from Michael Romanof, elected Czar in 1613, and in the male line from the Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, born in 1701. The emperor is in possession de jure and defacto of the whole revenue of the Crown domains. The following have been the Emperors of Russia, since the beginning of the German House of Holstein-Gottorp: Peter III. 1762, Catherine II. 1762, Paul, 1796, Alexander I. 1801, Nicholas, 1825, Alexander II. 1855. Government. The Government of Russia is an absolute hereditary monarchy. The Emperor's will alone is law. The administration of the empire is entrusted to four great councils centering in the "Private Cabinet of the Emperor." The first is the "Council of the Empire," consisting of a President-Grand Duke Constantine-and an unlimited number of members appointed by the Emperor. It superintends the action of the general administration, watches over the due execution of the laws, and proposes alterations of the same. The second council is the "Senate," whose functions are partly of a deliberative, and partly of an execu tive character. The senators are mostly persons of high rank or station. The third council is the "Holy Synod," composed of the principal dignitaries of the church, and presided over by the metropolite of Novgorod. The fourth council is that of Ministers. Council of Ministers. Ministerof the Imperial Houe, Gen. Count ADLERBERG, 1857; Min tr qf Foreign Affairs, Prince GORTSCHAKOFF, 1856; Minister of War, Gen. MILLUTIN, 1862; 582 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. Minister of the Navy, Rear Admiral KRABBE; Minister of the Interior, Gen. TIaACHOW II.; Minister of Public Instruction, Count TOLSTOI; Ministerof Finance, V. REUTERN; Minister of Justice, Count voN PAHLEN; Minister of the Imperial Domains, Gen. ZELENOI; Minister of Public Works, Gen. MIELNIKOFF; General Post Office, (vacant); Department of General Control, A. TATARINOFF. The empire is divided into 14 general governments, 50 governments, and over 320 districts. Education. The education of the people is still deficient, though it has made much progress within the last half of a century. The empire is divided into educational districts, each of which has a university, with a certain number of lyceums. The proportion of schoolattending children to inhabitants is stated to be as 1 to 140. The number of schools was, in 1865, about 33,000, with nearly a million of scholars. The universities are Moscow, Kharkof, St. Petersburg. Kief, Dorpat, Kasan and Odessa. There were, in 1865, 328 periodical papers, of which 143 were published in St. Petersburg. Finances. According to the official statement, the estimated budget for 1867, revenue and expenditure, including Poland, is as follows, expressed in roubles: ORDINARY REVENUE. Direct Taxes................................................. 51,595,422 Indirect Taxes...........................................................171,394,902 Other sources............................................................ 117,340,395 Total................................................340,330,719 Extraordinary Revenue..............................................,757,635 Total Revenue..................... 3...................97,088,3S54 ORDINARY EXPENDITURE. Public Debt.................... 73,846,155 Ministry of Interior......... 15,717,497 Expenses of Interior State Dept. 1,691,298 " " Public Instruction. 7,255,815 Clergy..................... 6,774,353 " "Public Works...... 22,403,032 Imperial household............ 8,191,742 Post Office and Telegraphs.... 14,263,797 Ministry of Foreign Affairs.... 2,219,254 Ministry of Justice............ 8,315,684 War.........120,450,334 Imperial studs................. 568,084 Marine............ 16,643,115 Civil administration of Poland. 20,119,010 "Finance............ 65,530,904 " " Trans. Caucasus. 4,890,550 Domains.......... 6,973,274 Total..................................................................398,298,830 Extraordinary Expenditure....................................... 45,551,341 Total Expenditure....................................................443,850,171 For the financial year 1868, the revenue was estimated at 413,000,000 roubles; the expenditures at 425,000,000 roubles. According to an official report, the public debt amounted, Jan. 1,1866, to 1,733,966,974 roubles; in 1867, to 1,809,942,693 roubles. The issue of paper money increases, the note circulation having more than doubled in ten years. The interest on the Public Debt increased from 64,000,000 in 1865 to 69,000,000 in 1866, and to 74,000,000 in 1867. The deficits amounted in 1865 to 22,000,000, in 1866 to 42,000,000, in 1867 to 41,000,000, in 1868 (estimated) to 12,000,000 roubles. Army. The land forces of Russia are formed of two classes of troops, the regular troops and the feudal militia. The regular army is recruited principally by means of conscription, partly by the adoption of sons of soldiers, and partly by voluntary enlistment. The period of service is fixed at 22 years for the guard, and 25 years for the other troops; but the soldiers are, after 10 to 12 years service, entitled to an indefinite leave as reserve. According to the official statement of the "Military Magazine," the strength of the army was as follows, in 1866: Staff and superior officers, 30,507; infantry, 626,004; cavalry, 68,673; artillery, 84,392; engineers, 19,082; total, 798,151 men and officers. The irregular troops are invariably distributed in regi ments and sotnias (100 men). The entire male population is liable to service. Navy. The Russian navy consists of two great divisions, the fleet of the Baltic, and that of the Black Sea. The sailors are levied by recruitment; as many, however, as possible, are enlisted voluntarily. The period of service is 14 years. According to an official report, the navy consisted, in 1864, of: Sailing vessels-i1 corvette, 6 schooners. 3 tenders, 11 transports, 9 yachts, &c.; total, 48 vessels with 73 guns. Steamers, (afloat and in construction): 6 ships of-the-line, 15 frigates, 2 iron-clad frigates, 22 corvettes, 11 clippers, 3 iron-clad batteries, 12 iron clad gunboats (monitors), 80 gunboats, 4 yachts, 24 schooners, 9 transports, 75 smaller steamers; total, 263 steamers, with 2,095 guns; add to these 14 iron-clad battery rafts with 18 guns. Total of guns, 2,186, of horse-power, 37,244. In 1866, the iron-clad fleet consisted of 11 frigates, (124 guns. 43,287 tons); 14 monitors, (61 guns, 21,020 tons); total, 25 iron-clads afloat, with 185 guns. There were, besides, 260 steamers and 59 sailing vessels, together with 1,993 guns. 583 1869.] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Commerce. The total value of the imports and exports for 1865 and 1866 was as follows: 1865, imports, 209,000,000 roubles, exports, 164,000,000 roubles: 1866, imports, 189,000,000 roubles, exports,195,000,000 roubles. The chief trading ports are Petersburg and Riga, on the Baltic; Archangel, on the White Sea; Odessa, on the Black Sea; Taganrog, on the Sea of Azof; and Astrachan and Baku, on the Caspian Sea. Moscow is the principal entrepot of the interior commerce of the empire. The trade with China is mostly carried on through Kiachta, and the interior commerce is kept up by means of Nijni Novgorod. In 1865, there were among the ships entered, 2,288 British, 1,321 Russian, 1,588 North German, 950 Italian, 689 Dutch, 670 Swedish, 489 Turkish, 411 Austrian, 206 French, and 255 Danish vessels. The commercial navy of Russia consisted in 1865, of 2,132 vessels, 84 of which were steamers, with a burthen of 90,496 lasts. The commerce at sea transports about 72 per cent. of the exports and 60 per cent. of the imports. The commercial intercourse of Russia is chiefly with Prussia, Great Britain and France. Commerce with Asia; exports in 1866, 22,000,000, imports, 25,000,000 roubles. The chief staple articles of export, were cereals and flour, 66,000,000 roubles; flax and tow, 28,000,000 roubles; hemp, 11,000,00)0 roubles; oil seed, 16,000,000 roubles; wool, 17,000,000 roubles; tallow, 13,000,000 roubles. Import; Drugs and dyes, 11,000,000 roubles; tea, 16,000,000 roubles; raw cotton, 25,000,000 roubles. The Fair of Nijni Novgorod offered goods for sale, in 1865, to the value of 111,000,000 roubles. There were, in 1867, 17 railroad lines in operation and 4 in course of construction. The Grand Duchy of Finland and the Kingdom of Poland are politically united with the Russian Empire, but with separate administrations. Poland, however, is to be fully incorporated with Russia proper. FINLAND. Government. This Grand Duchy, ceded to Russia in 1809, has preserved its ancient constitution, providing for a national parliament of four estates, the nobles, the clergy, the burgh. ers and the peasants. The right of legislation and of general taxation is nominally in the hands of this Assembly, though in reality it is exercised by a Senate appointed by the Emperor. The Governor-General of the Grand Duchy is Gen. Count ADLERBERG. Finance. The general budget for 1867 is: Revenue and expenditure, 14,330,521 mark silver (4 mark -1 rouble). Army. The troops number 3,499 men. The 763 pilots belonging to the navy are distributed on 8 lighthouses and 93 stations. Commerce. The commercial navy consisted, in 1867, of 446 sailing vessels of 77,942 lasts, and 5,632 men in the ports, 65 vessels being steamers; in the inland, there were 1,161 vessels, of 51,823 lasts, and 3,845 men. POLAND. Population. Of the population amounting to over 5,000,000, about 4,000,000 are of Slavonic origin, about 500,000 Jews, and 250,000 Germans. The great majority of the people are engaged in agriculture. Government. The Kingdom of Poland ceased to be an independent country in 1795, after the third partition. The country was broken up between Austria, Russia and Prussia. Russian Poland is now virtually a province of the Empire under the Governor-General, Gen. Count BERG. Finances. The budget for 1866 has been estimated at 24,525,294 silver roubles. The state debt amounted in the same year, to about 44,000,000 roubles. 14. SPAIN. Capital, Madrid. Area, 195,607 square miles. opulation, 16,302,625. listory. Establishment of the Kingdom of the Visigothi, in the 5th century; invasion by the Arabs, who after the battle at Xerez de la Frontera, 711, conquered nearly the whole of Spain. The Christians, fbr a time confined to the mountains of Asturia and Gallicia, reconquered Leon in the 10th, and Castile, Aragon, and Navarra, in the 11th century. A number of independent Kingdoms were established, among which Aragon and Castile were the most prominent. The latter gradually absorbed all the others. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon (1479-1516), with Isabella of Castile (1474-1504), and the overthrow of the last Mohammedan Kingdom in Spain, and total expulsion of Mohammedans in 1492, brought about a union of all Spain under Charles I. (as German Emperor Charles V.), the grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella. Extinc 584 11869. FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. tion of the House of Hapsburg, 1700; the House of Bourbon, 1700-1808; Joseph Bonaparte King of Spain, 1808-13; restoration of the Bourbons, 1814; Ferdinand VII. in 1830, abolished the Salic law which excluded females from the right of succession; death of Ferdinand VII., 1833; civil war between the adherents of Don Carlos, the late King's brother, and those of Queen Isabella, the king's daughter, 1833-1840; banishment of the Queen Dowager Christina. 1840; Espartero, regent of Spain, 1841-1843; overthrowof Queen Isabella and the Bourbon dynasty, September, 1868; Marshal Serrano, head of the Provisional Government, November 1868. Area and Population. The kingdom. viz: The continent of Spain, the BaAearic islands, and the Canary islands, is divided into forty-nine provinces, subdivisions of the twelve ancient provinces. Colonis-These are 1. American colonies (see America), 1,832,062 inhabitants; 2. Asiatic and Australian, 2,679,500; 3. African, 17,071. Total colonial population, 4,728,633. The Spaniards are a mixture of Celts, Romans, Alani. Goths, Suevi, Vandals, Moors and Arabs; the Moorish-Arab element preponderates especially in Andalusia. There are, besides half a million of Basques, 60,000 Moriskos (descendants of the Moors), about 1,000 Germans in the Sierra Morena, 45,000 Gipsies, and a small number of Jews. The chief cities are the following: Madrid, 298,426 inhabitants; Barcelona, 189,948; Seville, 118,298;- Valencia, 107,703: Malaga, 94,732; Murcia, 87,803; Cadiz, 71,521; Sarag,ossa, 67,428, Granada, 67,326; Palma, 53,019. The density of population is about 83 per English square mile, or considerably less than half that of Italy, and one-third less than that of the Netherlands. Nearly 46 per cent of the whole surface of the kingdom is still uncultivated. The soil is subdivided among a very large number of proprietors. In the country, the estates worth less than $200 are 65 per cent., and the estates worth between $200 and $1,000 are 21 per cent. of the land. In the cities the property worth less than $200 is 38 per cent., and that worth from $200 to $1,000 is 40 per cent. The titled nobility is very numerous. Government. Isabella II.. born October 10, 1830. was Queen of Spain, 1833-1868. A revolution in 1868 abolished her rule. A provisional government at the head of which was Marshal Serrano held, at the close of the year 1868, control of the land. The constituent Cortes were to meet in January, 1869, and decide on the future form of Government. Education. Up to a very recent period, the great mass of the population was in a state of extreme ignorance. Middle-class education is given in fifty-eight public colleges. There are ten faculties of literature and philosophy, seven of sciences, four of pharmacy, seven of medicine, and six of theology. The ten universities (Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Madrid, Salamanca, Santiago, Sevilla, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza) had, in 1865, 9,704 students (4,194 in Madrid). Finances. The budget estimate for the financial year 1865-1866 (in escudos, of which ten are equal to ~1) was, expenditure, 274,733,237; revenue, 274,936,029. The estimates for 1866-1867 show a surplus, but there was in both years an actual deficit of eight million dol. lars. The budget for 1867-1868 fixes the total revenue at 257,000,000 escudos, the expenditure at 264,000,000. thus making a deficit of 7,000,000 escudos. In almost all the budgets the expenditare was made to balance the revenue. The'revenue of Spain has largely increased during the last few years, and continues to progress. The national and church property was and is still of immense value. The public debt amounted. November 30, 1866, to 20,412,134,058 reals (100 reals - ~1), the floating debt, July 1, 1867, to about 172,000,000 reals. Army and Navy. The army and navy, before the revolution of 1868, was formed by conscription, but substitutes were allowed. The term of service was eight years-five years in the line and three years in the provincial militia. The nominal strength of the army in Europe, in 1866. was 236,301. There were eight captain-generals, 60 lieutenant-generals, 118 field-marshals, 271 brigadiers and a general staff. The navy consisted, according to official returns in 1867, of the following vessels: 1st class 6 iron-clad frigates (two afloat and four in construction), 161 guns; 11 screw frigates, 461 guns3 paddle steamers, 48 guns; total, 20 steamers. 670 guns. 2d class-1 screw steamer, 18 guns; 11 paddle steamers, 61 guns; 5 sailing vessels, 80 guns; 1 pontoon; total, 18 vessels (12 steamers), 159 guns. 3d class-26 screw steamers, 68 guns; 10 paddle steamers, 18 guns; I sailing vessel, 16 guns; 16 transports; 1 pontoon; total, 54 ships, 102 guns. Smallervessels: 18screwgunboats, 18 guns; othervessels 8. 112guns; total, 118men of war (99 steamers, 17 sailing vessels. 2 pontoons) with 1,071 guns. The navy was manned by 1 admiral, 5 vice-admirals, 15 rear-admirals, about 14,700 sailors, 8,000 marines. 4,539 arsenal guard. Commerce. Value in reals of foreign trade, in 1868: Imports, 1,898,000,000; exports, 1,219,000,000. The total of foreign trade, in 1864, was: Imports, 1,990,000,900; exports, 1,413,000,000. 585 1869.] 1THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The mineral as well as the agricultural riches of Spain are very great; but neither of these two sources of national wealth are yet developed. The whole of the Spanish railways belong to private companies, but nearly all have.obtained guarantees or subsidies from the government. There was, at the beginning of 1867 a length of about 2,400 miles in operation. Spain has a magnificent coast of 500 leagues on the Mediterranean and of 300 leagues on the Atlantic. Colonies. The colonial possessions of Spain, formerly embracingnearly the whole of America, are reduced at present to the following islands, with a small strip of territory in northern Africa. In Africa, the islands of Fernando Po, Corisco, Mosquitos, Annabar, and the Territory del Cabo de San Juan. In America, Porto Rico and adjacent islands, Cuba, and adjacent islands. In Asia the Philippine islands. In Oceanica, Marianas and Caroline Islands. The most important of the Spanish colonial possessions is the island of Cuba. 15. SWEDEN AND NORWAY. Norway was ceded by Denmark to Sweden by the peace of Kiel, in 1814. The union of the two kingdoms was concurred in by the Norwegian Parliament and legally confirmed in 1815 The government of the two countries is kept separate; the action of the monarch over both is exercised through a Council of State, composed in equal numbers, of Swedes and Norwegians. SWEDEN. Capital, Stockholm. Area, 170,6.34 square miles. Population, 4,160,677. History. Eric Edmundson, in the 9th century, is supposed to have been the first King of all Sweden. The independence of Sweden was only lost for the short period from 1397 until 1434, when by virtue of the Kalmar Union it was united with Denmark. In 1523, the House of Wasa ascended the throne and reigned until 1818, when it was succeeded by the House of Bernadotte. The political unity of Norway was completed by KingOlav II., who subjected the chiefs of all the independent tribes. In 1380. the country was united with Denmark, and this union lasted until 1814. when it was united with Sweden. Population. Sweden was one of the first countries in Europe in which a regular census was taken, the first enumeration having been made in 1748. The population of Sweden amounted in 1866. according to the account published by the Statistical Department, to 4,160,677 inhabitants, distributed among the provinces as follows: Gothland, 2,426,093; Sweden proper, 1,225,091; Norland and Lapland, 509,493. In 1867, the population was estimated at 4,195,681. The chief city, Stockholm, had, in 1866, a population of 138,189. The Swedish colony, the Island of St. Bartholomew (West India), had in July. 1866, 2,898 inhabitants on an area of 16 square miles. Four-fifths of the inhabitants are devoted to agricultural pursuits, but only a very small fraction of the rural population are owners of the land which they cultivate. One-eighth of the area of the kingdom belongs to the nobility. Reigning Sovereign and Family. CHARLES XV. King of Sweden and Norway, born May 3,1826, son of King Oscar I.; in consequence of the prolonged illness of his father, appointed Prince Regent of Sweden and Norway, 1&57; succeeded, July 8, 1859; married, June 19, 1850, to Louise, born Aug. 5, 1828, daughter of Prince Frederick of the Netherlands, uncle of the reigning King of the Netherlands. Daughter: Louise, born Oct. 31, 1851. The present king is the third sovereign of the House of Bernadotte, and grandson of General Bernadotte, Prince de Porte Corvo, who was elected heir-apparent of the crown of Sweden, by the Parliament in 1810, and ascended the throne as Charles XIV. in 1818. The Congress of Vienna united Norway to the Swedish Crown. Oscar I. succeeded in 1844. Constitution and Government. The King has the right to declare war and make peace; he nominates to all appointments, concludes foreign treaties, and has a right to preside in the Supreme Court of Justice: he has an absolute veto against any decrees of the Diet, and possesses legislative power in matters of provincial administration. In all other respects the fountain of law is in the Diet. It consists of two Chambers elected by the people. The First Chamber consists of 119 members, who must possess an income of at least 4,000 rix dollars; they are elected for a term of 9 years, and receive no pay for their services. The Second Chamber consists of 185 members, of whom 52 are elected by the towns and 133 by the rural districts. All [1869. 586 FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. natives of Sweden, possessing an annual income of 800 rix dollars, are electors. The election is for the term of 3 years. The executive is in the hands of the King, who acts under the advice of a Council of State, composed of 2 responsible ministers and 8 privy councillors. The Ministry. Minister of State and Justice. Baron L. G. DE GEER, (1858); Minister of .Foreign Affairs, Count WACHTMEISTE:P., (1868.) Education. Notwithstanding the poverty and dependent state of the bulk of the popular tion, education is well advanced in Sweden. Finances. The budget for 1868 is estimated as follows: Revenue, 37,461,270 rix dollars; ordinary expenditure, 34,054,300 rix dollars; extraordinary expenditure, 7,438,621 rix dollars; estimated deficit, 4,031,651 rix dollars. The public debt Dec. 31, 1865, was: Home debt, 8,832,800 rix dollars; Foreign debt (railway loans), 65,235,220 rix dollars: total, 74,068,020 rix dollars. Army and Navy. The Swedish army is composed of 4 distinct classes of troops. They are: 1. The enlisted troops, to which belong the royal life guards; the hussars, and the greater part of the artillery: term of service, usually 6 years. 2. The national militia, paid and kept by the landowners, and to some extent, from the income of State domains. In time of peace, these troops are not called up for more than a month's annual practice. 3. The militia of Gothland, which is not compelled to serve beyond the limits of the island. 4. The conscription troops, to which every Swede of 20 to 25 years is liable. The army of Sweden numbers altogether, 124,807 men. The coast of Sweden is protected by the fortresses at Marstrand, Gdteborg, Carlscrona and Stockholm. The Corps of "Volunteer Riflemen," organized in 1861, for the defense of the country, numbers 42,000 men. The navy consisted, Aug. 1, 1867, of 17 steamers and 5 ships-of-the-line, with an armament of 462 guns, besides 2 frigates, 5 corvettes, 5 brigs and 14 transports, 48 gun-sloops, 6 mortar-boats, each 2 guns, and 90 gun-boats of 1 gun each. There were in course of construction, 1 screw corvette, 1 monitor, 1 iron-clad gun-sloop. The navy was manned by 34,578 men, of whom, however, more than one-half were on furlough, or attached to the fleet of reserve. Commerce. The total value of imports and exports was in 1865: Imports, 106,000,000 rix dollars: exports, 108,000,000 rix dollars. The most important countries in commercial intercourse with Sweden, are Great Britain, France, Netherlands, Lubeck, Denmark and Norway. Industry. Mining is the most important department of Swedish industry, and the working of iron mines min particular is making constant progress by the introduction of new machinery. It is only within recent years that Sweden has become a manufacturing country, but already the home production has become of such importance as considerably to affect the supplies of the same articles received from other states, particularly from Germany. The value of the produc tion of 2,600 forges and manufactories in 1865, was 76,000,000 rix dollars, the number of work ingmen, 32,000. There were, Dec. 1, 1866, 5 State railways, of 100 Swedish miles. The length of telegraph lines was about 2,600 English miles. NORWAY. Capital, Christiania. Area, 120,295 square miles. Population, 1,01,478.' Norway is essentially an agricultural and pastoral country. The chief city, Christianiahad, in 1865, 65,513 inhabitants. The inhabitants of towns numbered, at the census of 1865, 272,531. Government. The constitution of Norway, proclaimed in 1814, is one of the most democratic in Europe. The whole legislative and part of the executive power is in the hands of the sovereign people. The King has the nominal command of the land and sea forces, but can make few appointments. He possesses the right of veto over laws passed by the "Storthing," yet only for a limited period. The Storthing holds annual sittings suo jure. Every Norwegian 25 years of age, who is a burgess of any town, or possesses property or the life-rent of land to the value of 150 dollars is entitled to vote and, under the same conditions, if 30 years of age, to be elected. The mode of election is indirect. The Storthing consists of two Houses. All new bills and propositions must originate in the Lower House, from which they pass into the Upper, to be either accepted, in which case they become law, or rejected. In the latter case, should the Lower House demand it, the two Houses assemble in common sitting, and the final decision is given by a majority of two-thirds of the voters. The Executive is formed by a Council of State, composed of the Governor-general of Norway nominated by the King, and 7 Councillors of State, the heads of as many departments. Education. Instruction in the primary schools is very limited. There is one university at Christiania. Finances. The budget for the financial period 1866-1869 is estimated to be 5,023,000 specie thalers (specie thaler -4+ English shillings). Customs and excise produce nearly the whole income. The Norwegian public debt, in 1867, amounted to 5,000,000 sp. th. 1869.] 587 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Army and Navy. The troops are raised partly by conscription and partly by enlistment. Every Norwegian is obliged to go through a military training. Most soldiers are sent home on furlough at the expiration of one or two years. The strength of the army is 12,000 men in peace and 18,000 in war. The navy is manned by conscription. The number consists in peace of 2,000 men, in war 8,500. The naval force consists of 2 screw frigates, of 56 and 82 guns, 1 sailing frigate, 4 steam corvettes, 1 sailing corvette, 1 brig, 5 towing steamers, 1 monitor, 4 steam gunboats; altogether of 1,880 horse-power, and 223 heavy and 16 light guns. In the session of 1866, the Storthing resolved to raise the navy to 156 vessels of war, with 500 guns and 4,000 men. Commerce. The value of imports was, in 1866, 26,000,000 specie thalers, that of exports, 17,000,000. The principal countries in commercial intercourse with Norway, are Great Britain, Denmark, Sweden, Holland, France and Prussia. The chief articles of export are wood and timber; next in importance are the fisheries, which give employment and support to the bulk of the population from the Naze to the Warangerfiord, at the entrance of the White Sea. The commercial marine of Norway at the end of 1866, consisted of 5,750 vessels, of a collective tonnage of about 400,000 com. lasts (last 2 tons), manned by 38,066 sailors. Considering its population, Norway has the largest commercial navy in the world. 16. SWITZERLAND. Capital, Berne. Area, 15,722 square miles. Population, 2,510,494. H~istory. The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1308 by the three cantons Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden. In 1.353 it numbered eight cantons, and in 1513 it was composed of thirteen cantons. This number increased till 1803, when the new confederation embraced 19 cantons; in 1815 it was increased to 22 cantons. There are 485,000 heads of families in the country, of which number 465,000 possess landed property. Of every 100 square miles, 20 are pasture, 17 forest, 11 arable, 20 meadow, 1 vineyard, and 30 uncultivated or covered with water, rocks,.and glaciers. The German element is ruling in 16 out of twenty-two cantons; among them are the two leading cantons of the republic, Zurich and Berne. The largest city, Geneva, had 41,415 inhabitants in 1860. Government. The republic of Switzerland, formerly a league of semi-independent states, became a united confederacy in 1848. The supreme legislative and executive authority is vested in a Parliament of two chambers. The State Council is composed of 44 members-two for each canton; the Federal Council consists of 128 representatives, chosen in direct election, at the rate of one deputy for every 20,000 inhabitants, the election taking place every three years. Everycitizen who has attained the age of 20 years is entitled to a vote; and any voter not a clergyman may be elected a deputy. Both Chambers united constitute the Federal Assembly, and as such represent the supreme government of the republic. The chief executive authority is deputed to a Federal Council of seven members, elected by the Federal Assembly for three years. The president and vice-president of the Federal Council are the first magistrates of the republic. The Federal tribunal, consisting of eleven members, elected for three years by the Federal Assembly, renders the final decision in all matters of dispute between the various cantons of the republic, as well as between the cantons and the federal government. The city of Berne was in 1848, chosen as the seat of the Federal Council and the central administrative authorities of the republic. Education. Education is very widely diffused in Switzerland, particularly in the cantons of Argovia, Zurich, Berne, and Vaud. Parents are compelled to send their children to school. There are normal schools in several of the cantons, and superior gymnasia in all the chief towns. There are three universities (Basle, Berne, and Zurich), and a Federal Polytechnic School at Zurich. Finances. The public revenue is derived chiefly from customs. The budget estimates for 1868 are: Revenue, 20,173,000 francs; expenditure, 19,809,000 francs; surplus, 864,000 francs. Army. The Constitution of 1848 forbids the maintenance of a standing army. To provide for the defence of the country, every citizen has to bear arms, in the management of which the children are instructed at school and pass through regular exercises and public reviews. The troops are divided into three classes, namely: 1. The federal army, consisting of all men from 20 to 34, or 3 per cent. of the population; 2. The army of reserve for all men from 35 to 40, or 1+ per cent. of the population; 3. The Landwehr (militia), from 41 to 44 years. The total number of the various classes, in actual readiness to take the field, is given in the official re 588 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-BEUIOPS. turn at 204,005 men. The enlistment of citizens of the republic into foreign military service is forbidden by the constitution of 1848, under the penalty of the loss of all civil rights. Commerce. The chief exports consist of manufactured goods of various kinds and a small quantity of agricultural produce. The value of imported merchandise, in 1866, amounted to 8,769,580 francs, that of exported merchandise to 1,192,097. The value of exported cattle was, in the same year, 6,428,475 francs. The value of exports to the United States amounted, in 1865, to 49,000,000 francs, and in 1866 to 59,000,000 francs. Notwithstanding the difficulties of the surface, there were, at the end of 1866, about 800 miles of railways in operation. The telegraph had, at the same time, a length of 3,559 kilometres. There were despatched and received by the Post-office, in 1866, 39,000,000 letters and 28,000,000 newspapers. There were, in 1865, 446 mutual aid societies with 78,000 members. In April, 1866, there were, 105,799 horses, 993,191 head of cattle, 304,428 swine, 447,001 sheep, and 375,482 goats. 17. TURKEY. Capital, Constantinople. Area, 1,917,472 square miles. Population, 40,000,000. History. The Turks began to establish an empire in Asia Minor at the beginning of the 14th century, which steadily grew at the expense of the Byzantine Empire. The fall of Constantinople, 1453, made the Turkish Sultan ruler of the entire possessions of the Byzantian emperor. In the beginning of the present century Greece was lost, (see Greece), and the principalities of Rumania, Servia, and Montenegro in Europe, and Egypt, in Africa, have since become semi-independent. The island of Candia, in 1866, was against the Turks; but has thus far failed to establish its independence. Area and Population. The area and population of Turkey are known only by estimates, since the enumerations of the people cannot lay claim to any amount of exactness. The total area of the empire, including the tributary states, is as follows: Di,isions. Square Miles. Population. Turkey in Europe...........................200,932...........................18,487,000 Turkey in Asia..............................667,326...........................16,463,000 Turkey in Africa..........................1,049,214............................5,050,000 Total..................................1,917,472...........................40,000,000 The various races of which the population of the Turkish empire is composed, are thus classified by the latest authorities: Raes. i e. Eure. In Asia. ID Africa. Total. Per Cen.t Mohammedans-Ottomans..............4,492,000....10,700,000................15,192,000....38.00 Arabs, &c.............. 900,000....5,050,000.... 5,950,000....14.88 Syrians, Chaldeans, &c 5......... 75,000....18 Druses......................... 30,000.... 30,000.....07 Kurds..................... 1,000,000........ 1,000,000.... 2.50 Tartars................ 16,000.... 20,000.....6,000....09 Turkomans...............85,00..... 85,000.....21 Albanians.............1,000,000........ 1,000,000.... 2.50 Circassians............ 595,000.... 413,000........ 1,008,000.... 2.52 6,103,000 13,223,000 5,050,000 24,376,000 60.95 Christians-Syrian Chaldeans, &c..... 160,000........ 160,000....40 Albanians............ 5 0, 0..-.... 500,000.... 1.25 Slavi............ 6,200,000.......... 6,200,000....15.50 Rumanians........ 4,000,000.... 4,000,000.... 10.00 Armenians............ 400,000.... 2,000,000........ 2,400,000.... 6.00 Greeks................1,000,000.... 1,000,000........ 2,000,000.... 5.00 12,100,000 3,160,000 15,260,000 38.15 Jews................. 70,000.... 80,000........ 150,000.....87 Gipsies............... 214,000............ 214,000....538 Total..............18,487,000 16,463,000 5,050,000 40,000,000 100.00 Chief Cities. The chief cities of Turkey in Europe are: COcnstantinople, 1,075,000 inhabitants (in 1864); Adrianople, about 150,000; Saloniki, about 70,000; Serajevo and Gallipoli, about 50,000 each; In Asia: Smyrna, 150,000; Damascus, 120,000; Bagdad 105,000; Aleppo, 100,000; Broussa, 80,000; Erzerum, 70,000. 1869.] 589 Reigning Sovereign and Family. ABDUL-AZIz, Sultan of Turkey, born February 9,1830, son of Sultan Mahmud II., succeeded his brother Abdul-Medjid, June 25,1861. Children-1. Ynssuf Izzeddin, born October 9, 1857; 2. Salihe, born August 10, 1862; 3. Mahmud, Djemil Eddin, born November 20, 1862; 4. Mechmed Selim, born October 8, 1866. Nephew-Murad, heir presumptive, born September 21, 1840. The present sovereign of Turkey is the thirty-second, in male descent, of the house of Othman, the founder of the empire. House of Othman-Othman I., 1299; Orchan, 1326; Amurath I., 1360; Bajazet I., (the "Thunderbolt"), 1389; Solyman I., 1402; Mohammed I., 1413; Amurath II., 1421; Mohammed II., (conqueror of Constantinople), 1451; Bajazet II., 1481; Selim I., 1512; Solyman II., (the "Magnificent"), 1520; Selim Ii., 1566; Amurath III., 1574; Mohammed III., 1595; Ahniet I., 1603; Mustapha I., 1617; Osman I., 1618; Amurath IV., (the "Intrepid"), 1623; Ibrahim, 1640; Mohammed IV., 1649; Solyman III., 1687; Ahmet II., 1691; Mustapha II., 1695; Ahmiet III., 1703; Mahmud I., 1730; Osman II., 1754; Mustapha III., 1757; Abdul-Hamid, 1774; Selim III., 1788; Mustapha IV., 1807; Mahmud, II., 1808; Abdul-Medjid, 1839; Abdul Aziz, 1861. Government. The fundamental laws are based on the precepts of the Koran. The will of the Sultan is absolute. According to a charter of liberties, granted by Abdul-Medjid, in 1856, full liberty of worship is guaranteed to every religious profession. The legislative and executive authority is exercised, under the supreme direction of the Sultan, by two high dignitaries, the Grand Vizier, the head of the temporal government, and the Sheik-ul-Islam, the head of the church. The Dignitaries. The Grand Vizier, MEHMzD Exrs ALI, appointed 1867; the Sheik-ulIslam, HASSAN, appointed 1868. The Mnisterial Council. Foreign Affairs, FUAD; War, NAMIK; Finance, SCHIRVANZADE RucHDI; Marine, MAHMOUD; Commerce, Agriculture and ublic Works, DAUD (a Christian); Public Jnstruction, SAFVET; Justice, MUMTAZ; Police, HusscIN; Domains of the Church and of Charitable Institutions, TEFVID. The whole of the empire, except the dependencies in Africa, is divided into governments and subdivided into provinces and districts. A general governor (Pasha), assisted by a council, is placed at the head of each government. All subjects, however humble their origin, are eligible to the highest officdes in the state. Education. Public schools have been long established in most of the large Turkish towns, and colleges, with public libraries, are attached to the greater number of the principal mosques. But the instruction is rather limited. Finances. The revenue is chiefly derived from taxes of three denominations. 1. The poll tax, a tax on the whole population, paid at a fixed rate for each house or family; 2. the tithe, a tax of 10 per cent. upon agricultural productions; 3. the tax derived from the sale of customs, stamps, the sale of animals, taxes on shops', bakeries, butcheries, mills, and from the rent of crown-lands. The Turkish budgets show generally an annual deficit of five to fifteen million dollars. The budget for the year 1865 and 1866 estimates the revenue at 3,177,880 purses (a purse = 500 piasters or ~4+), and the expenditure at 3,236,931 purses. According to a report to Lord Stanley, the public debt stood, at the commencement of,1867, as follows: Foreign debt, ~34,596,820; home debt, ~34,545,450; total, ~69,142,270. The annual interest amounted to ~3,670,238; sinking fund, ~1,137,104; total, ~4,807,342. Army and Navy. The military force is raised by enlistment and conscription. Term of service, five years in the active army, and seven years in the reserve. The army consists of, 1. the active forces composed of six army corps, each numbering 16,416 men; the imperial guard, 2,000 men; the detached divisions of Creta, Tripoli and Tunis, about 21,200 men; 2. the reserve, 100,496 men; 3. the auxiliary of the tributary states, about 100,000 men; 4. the irregular troops, 90,000 men, making a grand total of about 410,000 men. The Turkish navy has been entirely reconstructed since 1858. The navy is manned by about 40,000 men. It consisted in 1866 and 1867 of the following vessels: Ships. Guns. Ships. Guns. Screw steamers...................26 940 Transport arsenal service........15 Paddle steamers..................21 202 " in construction........ 9 315 Iron clads........................ 5 200 Expected from England, seven Yachts........................... 7 iron clad frigates........ Sailing vessels....................19 415 Expected from rance, six iron 3 298 Transport sailing vessels......... 34 clad gun-boats............... " steamers...............31 " provision............5.. Total of vessels................185 2,370 Commerce. The increase in the trade and commerce within the last thirty years has been very great. The imports, in 1864 and 1865, amounted to 316,000,000 francs; the exports to THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. 590 1869.] FOREIGN STATES-EUROPE. 591 138,000,000 francs. There are two short railways, one from Kustendje to Tschernavoda; the other from Varna to Rustschuk-together 170 miles long. There were, at the end of 1865, 136 telegraph stations-length of wire about 8,500 miles. TRIBUTARY STATES OF TURKEY. EGYPT. [For the description of Egypt, see Africa.] RUMANIA. Area and Population. The area of Rumania is 40,710 square miles; the population 3,864,848, (i. e. Wallachia, 2,400,921, Moldavia, 1,463,927 inhabitants). The united principalities are divided into thirty-three districts. The chief cities are Bucharest with 121,734 inhabitants, and Tassy with 65,745 inhabitants. Sovereign. Charles, born April, 1839, son of Prince Charles of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen; accepted his election as Prince of Rumania, May 10, 1866; recognized by the Turkish Government, Oct. 24,1866. Government. The union of the two principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia was granted by the Sultan in 1861, and the name "Rumania" given to the United provinces. The legislative power is vested collectively in the Plrince, a senate, and a chamber of deputies. The Senate consists of 64 members for three years, the chamber of 160 members (85 for Wallachia and 75 for Moldavia). The members are chosen by indirect election. The executive is in the hands of the reigning Prince, assisted by a council of ministers. Cabinet. A new Cabinet was formned in December 1868, composed of the following members: Presidency and Foreign Affairs, DE.1IETRIUS GHIKA; Interior, COGALINTSCHEANO; JU8tgce, BROCRESCO; Finance, ALEXANDER GOLESCO; Public Worship, PAPADOPULO CALIMACH; War, DUKA NEMERI. Finance. The chief source of revenue is a capitation tax. The budget for 1868, fixes the receipts and expenditures each at 78,291,233 lei, (1- 1 franc). The yearly tribute payable to Turkey amounts for Wallachia to 5,000 purses, for Moldavia to 3,000 purses. The public debt, at the end of 1868, was 70,624,694 lei. Army and Navy. The military force is organized on the plan of the Russian army. It numbers 23,770 men. The national guard consists of about 33 battalions, or 30,000 men. The navy consists of 1 steamer, and 5 gun sloops, manned by 6 officers and 70 men. Commerce. The total value of the exports in 1864 amounted to 366,000,000 piastres (36,600,000 Russian thalers); the imports in the two ports of Galacz and Ibraila about 143,000,000 piastres (14,300,000 Russian thalers). SERVIA. Area and Population. 21,210 square miles with 1,078,281 inhabitants. Belgrade, the capital, has 14,600 inhabitants. Sovereign. Prince MILAN OBRENOVITCH IV., born 1856; proclaimed Prince, 1868. Government. The principality of Servia has been under the rule of native princes since 1815, and under the protection of the great European powers, as a semi-independent state since 1856. The executive power is carried on by the Prince, assisted by a Council of five ministers responsible to the people. The legislative authority is exercised by the Senate and House of Representatives. Finance. The revenue and expenditure were, in the budget for 1868, fixed at about 29,000,000 piastres each. Army. Servia possessed, in 1867, seventy battalions of well drilled soldiers. Commerce. The value of the imports, in 1864, was 86,000,000 p., and of the exports 73,000,000 piastres. MONTENEGRO. The reigning Prince is NIHooLAs I., born 1840. The population of this principalityis estimated at 196,238 inhabitants. There are about 25,000 men able to bear arms. 'THE )AMEI(CAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. III. ASIA. 1. AREA AND POPULATION OP ASIA-INDEPENDENT STATES AND EUROPEAN DEPENDENCIES. Asia is both in point of area and population the first among the large divisions of the world. It somewhat exceeds America in area, while it has more than twice as many inhabitants as Europe, the second division of the world in point of population. As regards civilization, prosperity and power, Asia is far inferior to Europe, America and Australia. Fully one-half of Asia is governed by the European powers of Russia, Great Britain, Tnrkey, France, Spain, the Netherlands and Portugal, and the aggregate territory of these European possessions is steadily enlarging. Russia and Great Britain are from different directions advancing into Central Asia, and but for their mutual jealousy, the whole of Independent Tartary, Affghanistan and Beloochistan would have been subject to European control ere this. In Farther India, Great Britain and France have, of late, made great progress, and the three states of this country, Anam, Burmah and Siam are entirely at their mercy. The Governments purely Asiatic which still are fully independent, are China, Japan, Persia and the States of Arabia. The latter have little intercourse with civilized nations, and most of them are but little known to us. According to the latest reports, a large number of the smaller Arabian states are becoming absorbed by the empire of the Wahabees, which is rapidly growing and may, ere long, embrace the whole of Arabia (see Arabia). Since the beginning of the present century, Persia has lost a considerable portion of its territory, which has been conquered by Russia. China and Japan are the only Asiatic countries in which there are signs of progress. In these countries, commercial and diplomatic intercourse with European and American nations has begun an era of reconstruction which bids fair to bring them fully within the circle of civilized nations. In no country of Asia is Christianity the prevailing religion. There are about 8,486,000 people connected with the Eastern Churches, 4,695,000 connected with the Roman Catholic Church, and 713,000 connected with Protestant Churches. But about one-half of the whole of Asia is under Christian rulers, and Christianity is everywhere making progress. The prevailing religions of Asia are Buddhism, with a population of about 360,000,000, Brahmaism, with a population of from 124,000,000 to 140,000,000, and Mohammedanism, with a population of about 79,000,000. 2. THE STATES AND SMALLER DIVISIONS OF ASIA. STATXS. Square mile. Inhabitants. Russian Territory....................................9,748,017 Caspian Sea...................................... 178,870................. Aral Sea.......................................... 26,945................. Turkey in Asia................................... 672,007................ 16,463,000 Arabia............................................ 1,026,040.................4,000,000 Persia......................... 562,344................. 5,000,000 Afghanistan (and Herat)..................... 258,530.................4,000,000 Beloochistan................................... 165,8,30.......,......2000,000 Khiva*.................. 1,500,000 Bokhara*...........,5........................0..............,500,000' Khokan*............................................. 8,........... 3000,000 Maymene*...................................................... 100,000 Turcomannia*................................................ 770,000 China........................................ 4,695,334........... 477,500,000 Japan............................................ 149,399................3 5,000,000 East India (with British Brmah).................1,553,772............... 193,340,414 Ceylon............................................ 24,705................2,049,728 Burmah (Independent).......................10,517........... 190,517... 4,000,000 Siam......................................... 309,024.................6,298,998 Anam.................. 198,043.................9,000,000 Cochinchina (French)............................. 21,728................. 979,116 Straits' Settlements.............................. 1,084................. 282,831 Peninsula of Malacc a............................. 31,700................. 209,000 East India Islands................................ 799,359................27,678,804 Total......................................17,318,002...............805,419,908 1. ANAM. Area, 198,043 square miles. Popldation, 9,000,000. Anam is one of the political divisions of Farther India, the others being Burminah and Siam. There are no official statements of area and population. By some writers, the population is * These five States are comprised in Independent Tartary. A considerable portion of it has of late been annexed to Russia. 592 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-ASIA. estimated as high as 27,000,000; according to Behm, (Geograph. Jahrbtch) it is about 9,000,000, exclusive of the French possessions in Cochin China. The latter now consist of 6 provinces, three of which were ceded to France in 1862, and three in 1867. France has also established a protectorate over Cambodja, another part of this country. The present Emperor of Anam is Tu-Duc (since 1847). The divisions of Anam are Tonlquin, Cochin China, and Cambodja. The Emperor has about 800 war-craft, and monopolizes by means of larger vessels, the foreign trade of his dominions. The inhabitants are Buddhists, excepting about 400,000 who are Roman Catholic Christians. 2. ARABIA. Area, 1,026,040 square miles. Polplation, 4,000,000, Arabia comprises a number of independent states, many of which are not even known to us by name. Arab geographers make the following seven divisions: 1. Bahr-el-Toeir-Sfinai (Desert of Mount Sinai). 2. The Hedjaz (Land of Pilgrimage). 3. Tehama and Yemen, along the Red Sea. 4. Hadramant, the region along the southern coast. 5. Omena, the kingdom of M_u8cat. 6. Bahrein, on the Persian Gulf. 7. Nedjed, the central desert region. The most important of these divisions are Yemen and Oman. Yemen has its seat of government at Sana, in the center of the country, and also possesses two very important commercial towns, Mocha and Loheia, situated on the coastof the Red Sea. The Imaum (ruler) of Muscat is by far the most powerful sovereign in Arabia, and claims authority over the whole of Oman, the islands of the Persian Gulf, and a vast extent of territory on the east coast of Africa, including some valuable islands. The city of Muscat is the largest on the south-east coast. Rostak is another large town inland from Muscat. The Kingdom of Muscat forms to some extent an exception to the general lack of manufacturing activity exhibited by the Arabians, having manufactures of silk and cotton turbans and sashes, canvas, arms, gunpowder, etc. In 1868, the Imaum of Muscat was dethroned and succeeded by the Chief of the Wahabees. This is a sect of Mohammedans which originated in the 17th century, and endeavored to establish Mohammedanism in its ancient purity. The sect has of late obtained control of a large portion of Central Arabia, and having now added Muscat to its dominions, constitutes undoubtedly the most powerfol state in Arabia. The district of Iledjaz contains the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, with their seaports, Jeddah and Yambo. BRITISH INDIA. Capital, Calcutta. Area, 1,545,336 square miles. Population, 192,012,137. The total area and population of India are as follows, according to returns of 1867: British India Square Miles,. InhabitantL Under the Gov. Gen. of India in Council................ 47,116............ 5,663,7V0 Lieut. Governor of Bengal.................... 246,785.... 42,505,'222 i;...".".Northwest Provinces.... 84,982.........2...2,223,889 " "; " "Punjaub.................100,440............ 14,585,804 " Governor of Madras.........................141,746.... 2........',926,509 ' ".. Bombay.......................142,042............ 12 889,106 " Chief Commissioner of Oude................22,456............ 6,502,884 ";; "; " " Central Provinces... 79,600............ 7,181,321 i'" "' " " British Burmah.... 90,070............ 2,196,180 Total...............................................955,238 144,674,615 Not belonging to British India, but more or less under the control of the Indian Government: Native States. Square Miles. Inhabitants. Native State,s. Square Miles. Inhabitants. In Bengal..........117,151... 4,152,923 In Central India....... 185,610.... 14,622,587 "NorthwestProvinces 8,458.... 2,294,400 "Madras............116.125.... 12,880.228 Punjaub......... 103,442... 7,154,538 "Bombay........... 66,004.... 6,804,523 Total.........................................................596,790 47,909,199 According to the official "Statistical Abstract," just issued, the area of British India is somewhat less, viz: 947,292 square miles, and the population, 143,585,789: of native or Indian States under French government, 188 square miles, with a population of 203,887: under Portuguese government, 1,066 square miles, with 313,262 population: making a grand total of 1,545,336 square miles, with a population of 192,012,137. The largest cities in India are: Calcutta, having about 1,000,000 inhabitants, including both the English and Hiindoo population of the city and its suburbs: Bombay has 816,562. For others, see "List of Large Cities of the World." 38 . 18W.] 593 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Government. The present form of the government of the Indian Empire dates from 1858. All the territories previously under the government of the East India Company are vested in the Sovereignl of Great Britain, and all its powers are exercised in his name, through the Secretary of State for India. The executive authority in India is vested in a Governor-General, appointed by the Crown. He has power to make laws and regulations for all persons. The present Governor-General of India is Earl MAYO, appointed in 1868. Education. In the North-Western Provinces and Madras, the foundation of a national system of education has been laid, but the Government has as yet made little impression upon the lower classes of the people. At the head of the educational institutions is the University of Calcutta. The average attendance of pupils in the schools and colleges was, in 1866, 559,317. Finances. The financial state of the Indian Empire has undergone immense changes in recent years, both the revenue and the expenditure having nearly doubled since 1851. The revenue amounted, in 1865-66 to ~47,041,000, the expenditure, to ~47,021,000, the surplus being ~20,000. There was, however in reality, a deficit of ~50,000, the receipts amounting only to ~46,750,000 and the expenditure to ~46,800,000. The estimated budget for 1867-68 states a revenue of ~46,283,000, an expenditure of ~47,340,000, a deficit of ~1,057,000. By far the most important source of revenue is the land. The gross receipt from this source, including tribute, is stated at ~23,467,700. Next in importance is the income derived from the opium monopoly, which is more than sufficient to pay the interest of the public debt of India. The amount of this debt was, Apr.30, 1866, ~85,835,957. The "charges," including interest on debt and public works, amount to ~36,238,415. The accounts for the present financial year show a surplus of ~800,000. Army. The number of European troops in India at the beginning of 1866, was 65,292 men, and the native troops at the same date were 113,370 men. Commerce. The total value of the imports and exports, including treasure, was as follows in 1865: Bengal and British Burmah, imports, ~18,592,218, exports, ~20,948,703: Madras, imports, ~4,262,689, exports, ~6,920,187: Bombay, imports, ~26,659,368, exports, ~41,602,901: total imports, ~49,514,275, exports, ~69,471,791. In 1866, the imports amounted to ~56,160,000, and the exports to ~67,660,000. There are 8 great railway companies. The total length of the "East Indian Railway" is about 1,500 miles. The total length of all the lines open, May 1,1866, was 3,,32. On May 1, 1867, 349 miles of new railway had been opened for traffic, making the total extent of lines now open, 3,943 miles. In 1867, the number of passengers was 13,746,354. There were 2,070 post offices. The mails were conveyed over 46,997 miles, and consisted of 60,000,000 of letters andt newspapers. From 1857 to 1866, the length of telegraphs in British India increased from 4,162 miles to 13,390 miles. At the end of 1866, ~65,870,712 had been expended on railroads. The vessels, including native craft, entered and cleared at ports of British India, numbered 58,401, of 7,621.384 tons; 36,491 were native vessels. The import of merchandise, in 186566, amounted to ~29,599,228, of treasure, to ~26,557,301, of raw cotton, to ~35,587,389, and of opium, to ~11,122746. Over 13,000,000 lbs. of cotton were shipped from Bombay in December, 1867, and 27,139,868 lbs. during February, 1868. 4. BURMAH. Capitals, Ava and Monchobo. Area, 190,517 square miles. Population, 4,000,000. Burmah was formerly the most extensive and powerful of the states of Farther India, but since the war with Great Britain (1824 to!S26), its territory has been considerably reduced. It is composed of the kingdoms of Burmah, Pegu and Pong, with portions of the countries inhabited by the Khyen, and the Shan countries. The government is hereditary and despotic. The sovereign is assisted by a council of the nobility, over whom he has a kind of feudal jurisdiction; the titles of the nobility are not hereditary. Education, so far as reading and writing is concerned, is more common than in most of the Asiatic States. Public revenue is derived from a tithe of the profit of cultivation, duties of ten per cent. on imports and five per cent. on exports, royal monopolies of marble, amber, precious metals and gems above a certain size. The Empire is divided into 7 provinces. Ava and Monchobo have alternately been constituted the capital of the Empire. Among the other principal towns are Amarapure, Sakaing, Rangoon, Bassain, Martaban, Setang, Taungo, Prome, Patango, Yandabo, and Bhamo. Burmah is the seat of flourishing American Baptist Missions, with about 300 native preachers, 16,000 members, and a mission press at Rangoon, which during the year ending 1865, printed 171,900 copies of books and tracts, mostly in the native langiages. .594 [1869. 5. CEYLON. Area, 24,705 square miles. Population, 2,049,728. Government. The administration is in the hands of a Governor, aided by an Executive Council of 5 members, and a Legislative Council of 15 members. The present Governor of Ceylon is Sir II. Robinson. The public revenue and expenditure of this Colony in 1866, was as follows: Revenue, ~963,000; expenditure, ~918,000. Rather more than one-third of the revenue is derived from import and export duties. The trade and commerce of Ceylon has greatly expanded in recent years, having more than trebled from 1857 to 1864. The total imports in 1866, amounted to ~4,960,000, while the total exports amounted to ~3,590,000. 6. CHINA. Capital, Pekin. Area, 4,695,3:4 square miles. Population, 477,500,000. The Empire is divided into 18 provinces. While the tributary States are very thinly populated, China proper is one of the most densely peopled countries of the world. The chief cities are, Soochow, about 2,000,000 inhabitants; Pekin, 1,648,814. (For the other large cities see the list of large cities of the world). Sovereign. The reigning Emperor, KI-TSIANe, born April 5,1855, son of the Emperor Hienfung, succeeded his father Aug. 22, 1861. He is the 8th emperor of the Tartar dynasty of Tatsing, which succeeded to the native dynasty of Ming in 1644. Government. The Emperor is spiritual as well as temporal Sovereign. The administration of the Empire is under the supreme direction of the "Interior Council Chamber," comprising 4 members and 2 assistants from the "Great College." The fundamental laws are contained in the sacred books of Confucius. There are 8 boards of Government, the present chief of which is Prince Kong. Independent of the Government, and theoretically above the central administration, is the Board of Public Censors; it consists of 40 to 50 members; all the members of this board are privileged to present any remonstrance to the Sovereign. There are five degrees of nobility. The civil mandarins (about 15,000) are divided into two classes, from the first of which the ministers of State are taken, and from the second of which are filled the minor offices of the empire. The military mandarins number about 20,000 men, distributed into five classes. Finances. The estimates of the public revenue of China are variable and conflicting. Official returns of the Government are not trustworthy; according to the latest published returns, the revenue amounted to 192,000,000 taels (-~64,000,000), of which the land-tax in money and kind amounted to 167,000,000 taels. Army. There are no official reports on army and navy. According to recent estimates the army consists nominally of 4 divisions, of the total strength of 600,000 men, scattered all over the empire, besides about 200,000 irregular troops (Tartars). The soldiers pursue as chief business some civil occupation in their own houses; a standing army, in the European sense of the word, does not exist. Comnnnerce. By the terms of the commercial treaty of Nanking in 1842, 5 ports of the empire were opened to European trade: Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo and Shanghai. To these ports were subsequently (in 1858) added 8 others: Swatow, Tientsin, Che-foo, Hankow, Kinkiang, Chin-kiang, Formosa, and New-chang. The relative importance of these 13 gates of Chinese commerce is shown in the following table, which gives the total value of the imports and exports of each in 1864: Ports. Imports. Exports. Porte. Imports. Exports. Shanghai........~21,610,757....... ~13,282,5.9 Che-foo......... ~1,008,325........~919,516 Foo-chow....... 2,378,044.......... 4,374,685 Hankow..........3,620,738...........4,481,475 Canton........ 2,421,482.......... 3,414,863 Kin-kiang........ 1,044,217........ 1,356,983 Ningpo........ 3,421,538.......... 2,083,4.5 Chin-kiang.......1,557,784........... 402,979 Amoy............ 2,354,913.......... 943,494 Formosa.......... 193.213......... 154,498 Swatow.......... 2,183,262.......... 1,233,371 New-chang....... 236,579.......... 570,133 Tientsin......... 2,593,065.......... 576,929 Total.......................................................~44,573,91.......... ~38,79,9507 In the movement of ships there were about 19,000 vessels of a burthen of 6,000,000 tons, 6,852 of which were British, 5,355 American, and 320 French. The port of Shanghai exported, in November, 1865, 347,718 pieces of cotton goods; and in the period from June 1 to Nov. 30, 1866, 20,337 bales of silk; 242,000 piculs of black, and 33,000 1869.1 FOREIGN STATES-ASIA. .595 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. of green tea. The total value of merchandise exported in 1865, in the inland trade of China with Russia, by way of Kiachta, amounted to 8,000,000 silver roubles (=4 francs); the value of goods imported from Russia, was 7,750,000. The number of American vessels entered in Shanghai for the quarter ending Sept. 30, 1868, was 122, with a tonnage of 129,298; the value of imports amounted to 14,735,000 taels, that of exports to 5,487,000 taels (1 tael=$1.60). Tea, silk, &c., shipped to the United States for same time, $201,498. The estimated total value of trade carried on under foreign flags in 1866, amounted to 299,929,541 taels. The total estimated value of foreign imports and coastwise, was 172,462,1:36 taels in 1866, to which Great Britain contributed 31,757,249 taels, the United States 289,882, and the Chinese ports, coastwise, 95,531,355. The amount of tea exported in 1866 was 1,183,042 piculs (1 picul-133 lbs.) The import of opium for local consumption, at the open ports, increased in 1866 to 64,576 piculs, of the estimated value of 34,838,640 taels; there were also imported grey shirtings, 2,182,602 pieces, and sugar, 1,556,899 piculs. China is traversed in all directions by 20,000 imperial roads, most of which, however, are in bad condition. There are extensive coal fields in China. The Chinese Government is (1868) negotiating treaties with the prominent civilized nations. It has conceded the privilege of connecting the great seaports of the empire by submarine telegraph cable. These ports have a foreign commerce of $900,000,000, besides an immense internal trade. 7. JAPAN. Capital, Yeddo. Area, 149,399 square miles. Population, 35,000,000. The number of foreigners settled in Japan is as yet very small. Several ports have been opened to aliens, Kanagawa, Nagasaki, Osaka, IHiogo, Hakodaki. The laws of Japan are severe and sanguinary. The chief cities are Yeddo, 1,554,848 inhabitants, Osaka, about 1,000,000, and Iiaco, 600,000. Government. The head of the State is the "Mikado" or Emperor: but for many centuries the administration has been almost wholly in the hands of a hereditary Tycoon. In 1868, after a war between the Tycoon Stotsbashi (since 1866), and the young Mikado (since 1867), the Mikado resumed the administration of the Empire, and abolished the Tycoonate. The actual government is vested in a number of feudal princes, or "Daimios," proprietors of a more or less extensive territory, over which they exercise absolute sway. The administration of the Empire is carried on by two Councils of State. The Mikado has recently convoked a Parliament of the Daimios and Councillors selected without regard to rank. Army. The Daimios are stated to keep up an effectivye army of 368,000 infantry and 38,000 cavalry, forming the Federal army. The Imperial army formerly kept by the Tycoon, reached the nominal figure of 100,000 infantry and 20,000 cavalry. The reconstruction of the government will require a reorganization of the army. Commerce. The trade of Japan with foreign countries showed a remarkable expansion in 1865. The total imports brought to Japan by British vessels alone amounted to $11,560,509, and the imports in other vessels to $2,634,262. The exports in British vessels amounted to $16,186,823; and the exports in other foreign vessels to $2,303,407. The increase in the value of exports was owing chiefly to the great rise in the price of Japanese silks. The internal trade of Japan is very extensive. There were imported into Osaka, in 1866, salt, 916,270 bags: charcoal, 1,253,880 bags: wood, 921,540 bundles: mats (rough), 105,000 packages. Total of merchant vessels, 1,843. 8. JAVA. The area of Java, the most important of the Asiatic possessions of the Netherlands, including Madura, embraces 51,336 square miles, with a population (in 1865'), of 14,168,416. The population has trebled since 1816, when the British Government restored the colony to the Netherlands. Slavery was abolished in 1860. The bulk of the people are held in strict subjugation as agricultural laborers. Government. Java is governed in an absolute manner. It is divided into 24 provinces, each governed by a President. The executive is in the hands of a Governor-General, who is assisted by a Council of 5 members. Java furnished to the Netherlands a large surplus revenue, after paying for its own government, principally by the sale of a vast amount of colonial produce. 596 [1869. FOREIGN STATES-ASIA. The peculiar government of Java necessitates a comparatively large army, numbering about .30,000 rank and file. More than one-half of the troops are natives. The fleet consisted in 1865, of 2 screw frigates, 3 corvettes, and 25 smaller steamers. Almost the entire trade of Java is with the Netherlands. Next in importance are Great Britain, China and Macao, the Eastern Archipelago, France and the Gulf of Persia. The principal articles of export are indigo, coffee, sugar and tobacco. 9. PERSIA. Capital, Teheran. Area, 562,344 square miles. Population, 5,000,000. The chief cities of Persia are Tabris (Tauris), 150,000 inhabitants, Teheran, 120,000, Meshed, 90,000, Ispahan, 60,000. More than 3,000,000 are nomads. The sovereign is Nasser-ed-Diu, Shah of Persia, horn 1829, succeeded, 1848. The revenue of the Crown treasure amounts to 3,000,000 tomans (36,000,000 francs), to which must be added the immense donations given to the ruler. From the Crown treasure are paid the civil list and the public expenditure. There is no public debt, the deficits being covered by extraordinary contributions, fines, etc. The Persian army numbers at present 90 regular regiments of 800 men each, 3 squadrons of regular cavalry of 500 men, 5,000 men artillery, and about 30,000 irregular cavalry. The total commerce of Persia reaches the following values: Over the western frontiers, imports, 12,950,000 thalers, exports, 13,200,000 thalers: over the eastern frontiers, imports, 8,000,000 thalers, exports, 7,800,000 thalers: total imports, 20,950,000 thalers, exports, 21,000,000 thalers. Silk is the most valuable article. 10. SIAM. Capital, Bangkok. Area, 309,024 square miles. Population, 6,298,990. The limits of the kingdom of Siam have varied much at different periods, and even now the lines of demarcation cannot be exactly traced. The total area is about 309,024 square miles, the population about 6,000,000. The Siamese dominions are divided into 41 provinces. The chief city, Bangkok, has 500,000 inhabitants. The first King of Siam, Somdel Phra (born Oct. 18, 1804, succeeded, 1851), died in 1868. (See "Obituaries "). The second king was Wangna, born, 1810, brother of Somdel Phra, and heirapparent. Government. Siam is a feudal monarchy, the supreme rulers possessing, however, more power than those in Japan. The general legislative and executive authority is vested in two Kings, the first being the real occupant of the throne, and the second only nominally his equal. The public revenue is estimated at about $20,000,000 annually, of which sum the poll-tax and fines for non-service in the army, produce $2,500,000. The people are subjected to personal service. There is no standing army, but a general armament of the people. The fleet of war consists of numerous junks, galleys, &c. The foreign trade passes through the port of Bangkok. The principal articles of trade are rice and sugar. The kingdom is rich in minerals. 11. TARTARY, Independent. Area, 640,516 square miles. Population, 7,870,000. Independent Tartary (or Turkistan, or Turan), is a country in Central Asia, comprising the Khanates of Maymene, 100,000 inhabitants; Khiva, 1,500,000; Bokhara, 2,500,000; Khokan, 3,000,000; and the territory of the Turcomans, 770,000. Our knowledge of all these states is very imperfect, and the statements of different writers on population and area widely differ. The principal cities are Bokhara, Samarcand, Balkh and Kusrhee in Bokhara; Khiva (with 10,000 inhabitants) in the Khanate of Khiva; and Khokan in the Khanate of Khokan. The territory of Independent Tartary has of late been greatly reduced by Russian conquests, and a large portion of Khokan, with the important cities of Taskkent (40,000 inhabitants) and Khojend has been annexed to Russia, and (in 1867) formed into the Russian province of Turkestan. IS69.1 597 THlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. IV. AFRICA. THE DIVISIONS AND SUBDIVISIONS OF AFRICA. Square miles. Inhabitant,. Morocco.................................................... 29,59.........................2,750,000 Algeria........................................258,17.................... 2,921,246 Tunis.......................................... 45,710.................... 950,000 Tripoli, Barka and Fezzan................................. 344,423.................... 750,000 Egypt..........................................:............. 7,46,000 Sahara'5,4"6,47:..................74650,000 Saha.................................... 2,4116.47.'..... 4,000,000 Mohammedan countries in the middle of Soudan........... 631,017....................3 88,800,000 Western part of Soudan, from the Senegal to the lower Niger with Upper Guinea. French Possessions in Senegambia........ 9.6,523......... 617,732 Liberia................................... 9,567......... 717,500 Dahomey................................... 3,997......... 180,000 British Possessions........................ 6,442......... 199,966 Portuguese Possessions.................... 35,867......... 1,095 Dutch Possessions......................... 10,630......... 120,000 Other Territory............................ 655,510 818,536........36,663,707 38,500,000 Eastern Africa. Abyssinia..........................158,392.3,000,000 Other Territory.....................1,336,158 1,594,550........26,700,000 29,700,000 South Africa. Portuguese Possessions, eastern coast...... 382,692......... 300,000 Portuguese Possessions, western coast..... 312,532.........,057,500 Cape Colony............................... 192,834......... 496,381 British Cafiraria........................... 3,402......... 81,353 Natal...................................... 19,347......... 156,165 Independent Caffraria...................... 14,457........ 109,000 Orange Free State......................... 48,049......... 50,000 Transvaal Republic........................ 77,964......... 120,000 Bassuto Land.............................. 7,654......... 100,000 Other Territory............................ 907,043 1,965,974.........5,536,601 16,000,000 Territory of the Equator...................................1,722,264................. 43,000,000 Islands in the Atlantic. Cape Verde islands........................ 1,650......... 84,191 St. Thomas and Principe....................4......... 18,369) Fernando Po and Annabon................. 489........... 5,590 Ascension.................................. 38......... St. Helena................................. 47......... 6,860 Tristan da Cunha......................... 45 2,721......... 53 115,063 Islands in the Indian Ocean. Socotra.................................... 1,701......... 3,000 Abd-el-Kuri................................ 64......... 100 Zanzibar................................... 617......... 380,000 Madagascar................................ 232,315.........5,000,000 Nossi-Be................................... 75.......... 14,860 St. Marie de Madagascar................... 351......... 5,704 Comoro.................................... 1,050......... 49,000 The islands Arco, &c...................... 149......... Reunion.................................. 969......... 205,972 Mauritius and Dependencies............... 708 237,999......... 340,664 5,999,300 Total, (inclusive of several inland lakes not enumerated). 11,556,663 1. ABYSSINIA. Chief Towvn, Gondar. Area, 158,392 square miles. Population, 3,000,000. Abyssinia is one of the most ancient monarchies of the world. The people were converted to Christianity at the time of Constantine, and in the following centuries the power of the Abyssinian rulers greatly extended; but then it began to decline, and the Turks on the one side, and the Gallas on the other, almost entirely separated them from other nations. For more than a century the princes of this ancient dynasty have been deprived of their authority, and the empire has been divided into several states, the chief of which are Shoa, Tigre. and Amhara. The first ruler who re-established a superiority over all the potty princes, and began the consolidation of the country into one empire, was the late King Theodore, who acceded to the throne in 1855, and perished at the capture of his fortress Magdala by the English. in April, 1868. In August, 1868, King Gobazie, the ruler of Waag, declared himself Emperor of all Abyssinia, but a number of chiefs do not recognize or openly combat his authority. 598 [ls6. 190,950,609 FOREIGN STATES-AFRICA. 2. ALGERIA. Capital, Algiers. Area, 258,317 square miles. Population, 2,921,246. The boundaries of Algeria are not well defined, large proportions of the territory in the outlying districts being claimed both by the French government and the nomadic tribes which in. habit it. The area and population given, are in accordance with the latest official estimates. Government. This is the largest and most important of the French colonies, and is entirely under military rule. The administration is in the hands of a Governor General. The country is divided into five military districts. Finances. The cost of maintenance of the army, the expenditure for public works, and other large sums disbursed by the government, are provided out of the French budget. It is calculated that the sum total of French expenditure in Algeria, from the time of its conquest till the end of 1865, amounted to 5,000,000,000 francs. Army. The French troops in Algeria consist of one army corps (the 7th), numbering about 60,090 men. The native troops consist of three regiments of Zouaves, three of Turcos, three of chasseurs, and three of Spahis-altogether 15,000 infantry and 3,000 horse. Commerce. Since the days of the French conquest, trade in Algeria has made immense strides; while in 1830 it did not exceed ~248,000, it reached ~9,000,000 in 1866. France draws a large amount of agricultural produce, particularly corn and cattle, from the colony. Great progress has been made in the cultivation of the vine. In recent years the culture of cotton has also been attempted. 3. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. Capita, Cape Town. Area, 192,834 square miles. Population, 496,381. The colony is divided into fourteen districts, containing an area of 192,834 square miles, and a population of 496,381 inhabitants. The European inhabitants consist in part of the English authorities and English settlers; but the majority are of Dutch, German, or French origin. The colored people are chiefly Hottentots and Kaffirs; the remaining portion of the population consists of Malays. Government. The executive is vested in the Governor and an Executive Council: the legislative power rests with a Legislative Council of 15 elected members, and a House of Assembly of 46 elected members. The present Governor is Sir Wodehouse. Finance. The revenue is mainly derived from import duties. The income was, in by? ~874,064; the expenditure ~858,Q72. The colony had a public debt, at the end of 1865, of ~851,650. Commerce. The value of the total imports, in 1865, was ~2,125,332; that of the exports, ~2,297,173. Among the articles of export, wool is the most important. 4. EGYPT. Capital, Cairo. Area, 659,081 square miles. Population, 7,465,000. The population consists of Egyptians, Copts, Bedouin Arabs, Jews, Armenians, and domiclled Europeans. By far the greater number are the "Fillahs" (Arabs), who cultivate the soil. The chief cities are Cairo, 256,700 inhabitants; Alexandria, 164,400 inhabitants (of which about half are Europeans). Sovereign. ISMAIL PASCHA, Viceroy of Egypt, born 1816, the oldest surviving son of Ibrahim Pascha, succeeded January 18, 1863. The present viceroy is the fifth ruler of Egypt of the family of Mehemet All, in which family the government has been hereditary since 1841. He pays tribute to the Sultan, and in case of need furnishes a contingent of soldiers to the Ottoman army: but in other respects he is quite independent. Government. Egypt, formerly a province of the Turkish Empire, became independent in 1811. The independent position of the rulers was greatly enlarged by the imperial firman of May 14, 1867, establishing the direct succession of the descendantsof Mehemet Ali, and confirm. ing upon them the title of King. The administration of the country is under a Council of State, consisting of four military and four civil dignitaries, appointed by the king. By the side of this council stands a ministry, divided into the departments of finance and foreign affairs. A Governor is at the head of each of the seven provinces. The King has recently instituted an Assembly of Representatives. Finance. The annual revenue of the government is estimated, according to reliable statemLents, at ~8,000,000. The Egyptian budget recently published. estimates the revenue at ~7,477,498, and the expenditure at ~4,826,805, showing a surplus of ~2,650,000. The tribute to the 1869.1 599 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND IREGISTER. Turkish government amounted formerly to 80,000 purses (= ~360,000), but is said to have been considerably increased since 1866. There exist two government loans, contracted in 1862 and 1864; the former amounts to 60,000,000 francs, to be repaid by semi-annual rates of 3,250,000 francs for 30 years; the latteramounts to ~5,000,000 to be extinguished, by payments of ~310,000 in equal rates, within fifteen years. Army and Navy. The army is raised by conscription. It consisted, in 1867, of four regiments of infantry, of 3,000 men each; of a battalion of chasseurs, of 1,000 men; of 3,500 cavalry; 1,500 artillery; and-two battalions of engineers, of 1,500 each. There is, besides, a regiment of black troops, of the Soudan, 3,000 men strong. The Egyptian navy comprised, in 1867, sever ships of the line, six frigates, nine corvettes, seven brigs, eighteen gunboats and smaller vessels, and twenty-seven transports. Commerce. The total value of the trade of Alexandria in Egyptian piasters (20 = $1) was, in 1866, 1,337,045,000 plasters. There entered the port of Alexandria in 1866, 3,698 ships, of which 980 were steamers, of a total burthen of 1,373,217 tons. 5. LIBERIA. Capital, Monrovia. Area, 9,567 square miles. Population, 717,500. The settlement of Liberia, founded in 1822, was in 1847 proclaimed a free and independent State, and recognized by the United States in 1861. Government. The constitution of the republic of Liberia is formed after that of the United States. The executive is vested in a president, and the legislative power is exercised by a parliament of two houses. The President of Liberia (since Jan. 6,1868), is J. Spriggs Payne. For political and judicial purposes, the republic is divided into counties. The government is entirely in the hands of men of the African race. Finances. The revenue, in the budget for 1868, amounted to $108,297; the expenditure to $106,745. Commerce. The exports amounted, in 1866, to $436,571.90. The Liberians have built and manned thirty coast traders, and they have a number of large vessels engaged in commerce with the United States and Great Britain. The principal exports are coffee, sugar and palm oil. 6. MADAGASCAR. Capttal, Antanarivo. Area, 232,315 square miles. Popultation, 5,000,000. The earliest history of this island is involved in the deepest mystery. In 1816, diplomatic and commercial relations were entered into between England and Radama, King of the Hovas, the most powerful of the Malagash tribes, who had gradually extended his influence over the greater part of Madagascar. This King was a great patron of the Protestant missionaries, and especially of their schools, of which there were more than 100, affording instruction to about 5,000 children. Radama died in 1828, and was succeeded by his Queen, Ranavala, who tried to extirpate Christianity, and to break off all connection with foreigners. Her son, Radama II., who succeeded her in 1861, restored friendly relations with European nations, and allowed the re-opening of Christian missions. He was succeeded in 1863, by his Queen, Rasoheima, who was opposed to Christianity, but desirious of continuing intercourse with Europeans. Rasoheima died in 1868, and her successor openly patronizes the work of the Christian missionaries. Christianity, education and civilization in general are now making very rapid progress, and the island bids fair to soon take a place among the civilized nations of the earth. Hitherto the government has been a despotic monarchy. Public assemblies are sometimes called and addressed by the monarch, but they are not consulted. The island is divided into about twenty-five provinces, each being governed by a Chief subject to the King. 7. NATAL. Area and Population. The colony has an estimated area of 19,347 square miles, with a population of 156,165, and a seacoast of 150 miles. About one-seventh of the population are of European origin. Government. The colony of Natal was erected into a separate government in 1845, being administered by a lieutenant governor. The present lieutenant-governor is T. Maclean. Finance. The revenue was, in 1866, ~157,000; the expenditure, ~205,000. Commerce. The value of imports, in 1867, was ~269,580; exports, ~225,671. The staple production was wool, its export reaching, in 1867, 1,974,447 pounds. [1869. 600 FOREIGN STATES-AUSTRALASIA AND POLYNESIA. V. AUSTRALASIA AND POLYNESIA. The following table exhibits the area and population of the continent of Australia, and the principal islands of Polynesia: Square miles 1 Inhabitants. Continent of Australia.................................2,945,219...............1,313,46 Natives................................................................... 54,000 Island......................................479981................,823,~)25 Tasma-nia..................................26,215........................ t95,201 New Zealand..............................106261................ 201,712 Natives............................................................. 35,(000 French Possessions................................11,06...................... 4,397 New Guinea...................................... 275,518................1,000,)00 Sandwich Islands............................7,3.................. 6(;2,)59 Total................................................... 3,425,200.........About 4,192,000 1. FEEJEE ISLANDS. Area, 8,033 squiare miles. Popilation, 200,000. The Feejee Islands are a group of islands in the South Pacific. Altogether, they number about 225, of which 80 are inhabited. Next to the Sandwich Islands, they are the largest of the Polynesia States which have thus far maintained native Governments. They are the seat of a flourishing mission of the English Wesleyans, and the number of attendants upon their religious services is reported as exceeding 50,000. Seven years ago, the King offered to cede the islands to Great Britain, but no action has yet been taken by the English Government upon this offer. In 1868, King Thakombau, finding himself unable to'pay the indemnity claimed by the United States Government for the murder of the crews of two American vessels by natives of the islands, proposed, through his Prime Minister, Mr. C. S. Hare (an Englishman), to sell to the Government of the United States the three islands which had been mortgaged for the payment of the indemnity. Finally, however, a contract was made with a company in Melbourne, which, for extensive grants of land and other privileges, undertook the payment of the indemnity. White population, about 600. Exports, in 1867, ~39,960. 2. NEW SOUTH WALES. This is the oldest of the Australasian colonies. The area embraces 478,861 square miles, with a population, in 1865, of 411,388. In 1866, the population amounted to 431,412. The number of immigrants introduced into the colhmy in 1865, at the public expense, was 2,t717. Government. The constitution vests the legislative power in a Parliament of two Houses. There were, in 1865, 1,069 schools with 53,453 scholars. Revenue. The revenue amounted, in 1866, to ~2,038,079, the expenditure to ~2,036,935; the land revenue amounted to ~547,138; the revenue derived from gold to ~27,410. The public debt amounted to ~5,802,980, and was entirely incurred for railways and public works. Commerce. The trade has more than quintupled since 1850. The total value of the imports, in 1865, amounted to ~9,928,595; the exports to ~8,191,170.. The staple article is wool. There were in March, 1866, 1,961,905 horned cattle, and 8,132,511 sheep. New South Wales is believed to be richer in coal than any other territory of Australasia. There were, in 1565, 585,525 tons raised from twenty-four mines. They are steadily increasing in productiveness. 3. NEW ZEALAND. The colony of New Zealand is a group of three islands, nearly 1,000 miles long and 200 miles broad. The area is estimated at 106,261 square miles, with a population in 1865, of 201,712, and in 1867, 208,682. The white population is composed chiefly of emigrants from Great Britain. The legislative power is vested in a Parliament of two Chambers. In 1866 the revenue was ~1,979,000; the expenditure ~3,293,000. A considerable portion of the revenue is derived from the sale of crown lands. The public debt amounted to ~5,436,000. The imports rose, in 1865, to ~5,890,000, and the exports to ~4,520,000. Wool growing, ship-building and the trade in timber are the chief elements of industry. 4. QUEENSLAND. Queensland comprises the whole north-eastern portion of the Australian continent. Its Area is 678,600 square miles, of which 195,000 were already occupied by pastoral stations in 1861. The 169.] 601 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER[ population amounted in 1864 to 61,467, in 1866, to 96,172. Emigration is adding more than 10,000 persons every year. The colony of Queensland was established in 1859, on its separation from New South Wales. The power of making laws and imposing taxes is vested in a Parliament of two Houses. The revenue, in 1865, amounted to ~631,432; the expenditure to ~613,161. The value of the imports, in 1866, was ~2,467,907, of the exports ~1,366,491. The staple article is wool. 5. SANDWICH ISLANDS. Capital, Honolullu. Area, 7,6.3 square miles. Popleation,62,959. History. The Sandwich or Hawaii Islands is a group of thirteen islands, six of which are mere islets; while seven, namely, Hawvaii, Maui, Atauai, Oahu, Molokai (or Morotai), Ranai (or Lanai), and Nihau are inhabited. They were discovered in 1778 by Captain Cook, and at that time each island had its separate ruler. Afterwards the islands were consolidated iito one kingdom by Kamehamaha I. (1784-1810). His son, Kamehamaha II. (died 1824) abolished idolatry. The brother of the latter, Kamehamaha III. (died 1854) had his sovereignty recognized by England and the United States. Kamehamaha IV. (died 1863) was married to an English lady, and favored the influence of England. He was succeeded by his brother, Prince Lot, who now reigns as Kamchamaha V. The population of the islands has been steadily decreasing since the time of their discovery, as the following table shows: Native. White. Natives. Total. 1779 (estimate by Cook)................400.000 1850 (census).........1,96)2.. 82,203.... 84,165 1828 (estimate)....................142,050 153.......2,119... 71,19.... 3,1.38 1832 (census)...........................130,315 1860.........2,716.. 67,084....79,800 18l6............................108,579 1866 "..........4,194....58,765....62,959 Government. The present King, Kamehamaha V. was born Dec. 11, 1830, and succeeded his brother November, 1863. He is a son of the Governor Kekuanaoa and of Kinau, daughter of Kamehamaha I. The Sandwich Islands are a constitutional monarchy. The ministry, in 1868, was constituted as follows: Foreign Affairs, Crosnier de Varigny; Interior, F. G. liutchinson; Finances and Justice, C. C. Harris. 6. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. The total area of this territory is calculated to comprise 883,328 square miles, with a population in 1865, of 148,143, and in 1867, of 178,500. The legislative power is vested in a Parliament elected by the people, and consisting of a Legislative Council and a House of Assembly. The revenue of the colony was, in 1866, ~975,000. The expenditure, ~1,055,000. The total value of South Australian imports, in 1865, was ~2,840,000, and of exports ~2,890,000. 7. TASMANIA. This colony was formerly known as Van Diemen's Land; its area is estimated at 26,215 square miles, and its population in 1865, at 95,201, in 1866, at 97,368. The Constitution gives a Legislative Council and a House of Representatives. The revenue, in 1865, amounted to ~338,076; the expenditure to ~353,456. The total value of imports, in 1865, was ~403,559; exports, ~231,436. 8. VICTORIA. The estimated population, in 1866, was 643,912, and the area 86,944 square miles. The revenue was in the same year, ~3,322,887, and its expenditure ~3,321,779. The total value of imports amounted to ~13,257,537; that of the exports to ~13,150,748. The staple article is wool, of a value of ~3,303,478 in 1865. The product of the gold fields, in 1866, had a value of nearly ~6,000,000. 9. WESTERN AUSTRALIA. In 1866 the population numbered 21,065. The occupied portion of the colony is about 600 miles in length, by about 150 miles in average breadth. It is the only colony to which convicts from Great Britain continue to be transported. The trade amounted, in 1868, to ~168,414 for imports, and ~179,147 for exports. [1869. 602 COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF THE WORLD, RELATING TO AREA AND POPULATION. I. THE LARGE DIVIS The following table exhibits the large division population. The islands south-east of Asia are is more rapid in America and Australia than in l Square miles. 1. Asia..............................17,318,000 2. America..........................15,480,000 3. Africa............................11,556,663 4. Europe.......................... 3,781,000 5. Australia and Polynesia......... 3,425,000 Population. 1. Asia............................. 805,419,908 2. Europe.......................... 293,083,000 3. Africa........................... 190,950,609 4. America......................... 81,400,000 5, Australia and Polynesia......... 4,000,000 II. POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD. 1. ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR AREA AND POPULATION. The following table exhibits all the Political Divisions of America and Europe, and the most important countries of the other large divisions of the world. In the first column they are arranged according to their area, in the second according to their population from the latest censuses taken. Any particular country or state in either of the two columns may immediately be found by consulting the alphabetical list following this table: IN ORDER OF AREA. Square miles. 1. Russian Empire................. 7,862,568 2. Chinese Empire................... 4,695,334 3. British Empire*.................... 4,419,559 4. United States.................... 3,578,392 5. British North America................. 3,523,083 6. Brazil........................... 3.231,047 7. Australian Continent.................... 29456,219 8. Turkish Empire..................1,917,472 9. India........................... 1,552,028 10. China (proper)...................,300,000 11. Argentine Republic............. 826,828 12. Mexico............................. 773,144 13. Egypt........................... 659,081 14. Inependent TartaryTurkesta n)............................ 640,516 15. Persia............................. 562,344 16. Bolivia.......................... 535,769 17. Peru............. 5.............. 510,107 18. V enezuela...................... 368,235 19. United States of Colombia...... 357,179 20. Tripoli......................... 344,423 21. Morocco......................... 259,593 22. Afghanistan...................... 258,530 23. Texas............................3 247,356 24. Austria......................... 240,,81 25. Mada_gascar...................... 232,315 26. Ecuaor......................... 218,984 27. France.......................2... 209,428 28. Spain........................... 19-5,607 29. California........................ 188,t81 30. Central America................. 178,869 31. Sweden.......................... 170,634 32. Beloochistan.................... 165,830 IN ORDER OP POPULATION. Inhabitants. 1. Chinese Empire...........477,500,000 2. China (proper).................450,000,000 3. India......................... 192,583,814 4. British Empire*...............174,156,882 5. Russian Empire............... 77,008,448 6. Turkish Enipire............... 40,000,000 7. Fra nce........................ 38,192,094 8. Austrias......................... 35,553,000 9. Japan......................... 35,000,()(0 10. United States...................Se 34,560,000 11. North German Confelderation.. 29,910,377 12. Great Britain.................. 29,321,288 13. Italy.......................... 24,368,787 14. Prussia........................ 24,043,296 15. Spain......................... 16,302,625 16. Brazil......................... 11,780,000 17. Mexico........................ 8,137,853 18. Independent Tartary.......... 7,870,000 19. Egypt......................... 7,46k5,000 20. Persia......................... 5,000,000 21. Madagascar................... 5,000,000 22. Belgium....................... 4.9)84,451 23. Bavaria....................... 4,824,421 24. Portugal...................... 4,.51,519 25. Sweden........................ 4,160,6777 26. Afghanistan................... 4,000,000 27. New York..................... 3,880,7&5 28. British North America........ 3,765,000 29. Netherlands.................. 3,.552,665 30. Abssinia.................... 3,000,000 31. Urnted States of Colombia.... 2,920,473 32. Pennsylvania.................. 2,906,115 * Exclusive of Hudson's Bay Territory. [608] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. IN ORDER OF POPULATION. Inhabitant. 33. Morocco........................2,750,000 34. Central America.................2,665,000 35. Switzerland.....................2,510,494 36. Peru............................2,500,000 37. Saxony.t.......................... 2,423,401 38. Ohio............................2,339,511 39. Venezuela.......................2,200,000 40. Illinois......................... 2,141,510 41. Chili............................2,084,960 42. Beloochistan.................. 2,000,000 43. Bolivia......................... 1,987,352 44. Wurtemberg....................1,778,479 45. Norway.........................1,701,478 46. Denmark........................ 1,608,095 47. Argentine Republic.............1,465,000 48. Baden...........................1,434,970 49. Indiana..........................1,350,428 50. Greece..........................1,348,522 51. Paraguay........................1,337,431 52. Australian Continent............1,313,946 53. Ecuador......................... 1,300,000 54. Massachusetts.................. 1,267,031 55. Virginia......................... 1,260,397 56. Missouri..................1,182,012 57. Kentucky.......................1,155,684 58. Tennessee...................1,109,801 59. Servia................... Servia........ 1,078,281 60. Georgia...................1,057,286 61. North Carolina.................. 992,622 62. Tunis........................... 950,000 63. Alabama........................ 946,244 64. Iowa............................ 902,040 65. Hesse-Darmstadt................ 823,138 66. Michi gan...................803,746 67. Mississippi.................. 791,305 68. Wisconsin...................... 775,881 69. Tripoli.......................... 750,000 70. Papal States..................... 723,121 71. Liberia.....................717,500 72. Louisiana....................... 708,002 73. South Carolina...............703,708 74. Maryland........................ 687,049 75. New Jersey..................... 672,035 76. Maine........................... 628,279 77. Texas........................... 604,215 78. Hayti u........................... 572,000 79. Mecklenburg-Schwerin.......... 560,618 80. California....................... 470,597 81. Connecticut..................... 460,147 82. Arkansas........................ 4,450 83. Minnesota.................. 400,000 84. West Virginia....................376,688 85. UIruguay........................ 350,000 86. Florida.....................350,000 87. New Hampshire................. 326,073 88. Oldenburg...................... 315,622 89. Vermot...................... 315,098 90. Hamburg....................... 305,196 91. Brunswick...................... 303,401 92. Saxe-Weimar................... 283,044 93. Feejee Islands.................. 200,000 94. Anhalt.......................... 197,041 959. Rhode Island.................... 184,965 96. Saxe-Meiningen................. 180,?35 97. Saxe-Coburg-Gotha............. 168,735 98. Saxe-Altenbrg................. 141,426 99. San Domingo................... 136,500 100. District of Columbia............ 126 990 101. Transvaal Republic............. 120,000 102. Delaware........................ 112,216 103. Lippe-DetmQld.................. 111,352 104. Bremen.................... 109,572 105. Kansas.......................... 107,206 106. Mecklenburg-Strelitz............ 98,770 107. Reuss, younger line............. 88,097 108. New Mexico.................... 83,000 604 [1869. IN ORDFR OF AREA. Square mile. 33. North German Confederation.... 716207 34. Abyssinia....................... 158,392 35. Dakota.......................... 152,000 36. Japan........................... 149,399 37. Montana........................ 143,776 38. Prussia.......................... 135,806 39. Chili............................ 132, 69A 40. Paraguay........................ 126,352 41. New Mexico.................... 121,201 42. Great Britain.................... 121,115 4.3. Norway......................... 120,295 44. Arizona........................ 113,916 45. Nevada.......................... 112,0.90 46. Italy............................ 109,837 47. Colorado....................... 104,500 48. Oregon.......................... 95,274 49. Idaho........................... 90,932 50. Utah............................ 88,056 51. Wyoming.......................,000 52. Minnesota....................... 83,531 53. Kansas..................... 81,318 54. Transvaal Republic 77,964 55. Nebraska........................ 75,995 56. Washing fton..................... 69,994 57. Indian Territory................ 68,991 58. Uruguay........................ 66,716 59. Missouri......................... 65,350 60. Florida.......................... 59,268 61. Geo l i G 8,000 6 1.Geogia......................... 5,0 62. Mich igan........................ 56,451 63. Illinois.......................... 55,410 64. Iowa............................ 55,045 65. Wisconsin...................... 53,924 66. Arkansas........................ 52,198 67. Alabama........................ 50,722 68. North Carolina.................. 50,704 69. Orange Free State............... 48,049 70. Mississippi...................... 47,156 71. New York..................... 47,000 72. Pennsylvania..................... 46,000 73. Tunis............................ 45,710 74. Tennessee....................... 45,600 75 Louisiana........................ 41,346 76. Ohio............................ 39,964 77. Virginia......................... 3,,2 78. Portugal........................ 37,977 79. Kentucky........................ 37,680 80. Maine............................ 35,000 81. South Carolina.................. 34,000 82. Indiana.......................... 33,809 83. Bavaria......................... 29,373 84. West Virginia................... 23,000 85. Servia........................... 21,210 86. Greece........................... 19,353 87. St. Domingo..................... 17.826 88. Switzerla nd..................... 15,722 89. Denmark........................ 14,734 90. Netherlands..................... 12,680 91. Belgium......................... 11,373 92. Marylan d......................... 11,124 93. Vermont........................ 10,212 94. Hayti........................... 10,205 95. Liberia.......................... 9,567 ,6. New Hampshire................. 9,280 97. Feejee Islands..............,,033 98. Massachus etts................... 7,800 99. Sandwich Islands............... 7,633 100. New Jersey................ 7,576 101. Wuirtemberg.................... 7,532 102. Baden........................... 5,912 103. Saxony.......................... 5,779 104. Mecklenburg-Schwerin.......... 5,190 105. Connec ticu t..................... 4,674 106. Papal States.................... 4,552 107. Hesse-Darmst adt................ 2,969 108. Oldenbu rg....................... 2,469 ] TABLES OF COMPARATIVE STATISTICS. IN ORDER OF POPULATION. Square miles. 109. Delaware.......................... 2,120 110. Brunswick........................... 1,425 111. Saxe-Weimar.......................... 1,4)4 112. Rhode Island......................... 1,306 113. Mecklenburg-Strelitz.................... 1,052 114. Anhalt.............................. 1,026 115. Saxe-Meiningen.............................. 956 116. Saxe-Coborg-Gothlia..................... 760 117. Saxe-Altenburg.................... 510 118. Lippe-Detrold.................... 438 119. Waldeck............................. 433 120. Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt........... 374 121. Schliwarzbur-Sondershlausen....... 332 122. Reuss, yoniger line....................... 320 123. S bhaumburg-Lippe...................2 171 124. Hamburg............................. 156 125. An(1orra................................ 149 126. Retss, elder line..................... 145 127. Lubeck............................... 107 128. Bremen............................... 74 129. Liechtenstein...................... 62 130. District of Columlia............... 55 2. ARRANGED IN ORDER OF DENSITY OF POPULATION. The following table gives the average population on one square mile in every country. Av. Pop. on theSq. Mile. Av. Pop. on the 6q. Mile. 1. District of Columbia................2308.9 49. Andorra........................... 80.5 2. Hamibur........................ 1956.3 50. Liberia............................. 75.0 3. Bremen.............................1480.7 51. Greece.............................. 69.6 4. Lubeck..........................453.6 52. Pennsylvania....................... 63.2 5. Belgiium..............................438.2 53. Maryland........................... 61.7 6. Saxony..............................419.3 54. Ohio............................... 58.5 7. China (proper)..................... 346.1 55. Hayti............................... 56.0 8. Reuss, elder line................... 302.6 56. Delaware........................... 52.9 9. Netherlands.........................280.2 57. Servia.............................. 50.8 10. Hesse-Darmstadt....................277.3 58. Indiana............................. 39.9 11. Saxe-Altenburt................. 277.3 59. British Empire..................... 39.4 12. Reuss, younger line................. 275.3 60. Illinois............................. S.6 13. Lippe-Detmoldt......................254.2 61. New Hampshire.................... 35.1 14. Baden...............................242.7 62. Virginia............................ 329 15. Great Britain........................242.1 63. Keintocky.....................0..... 30.8 16. Wurtemberg.........................36.1 64. Vermont........................... 30.8 17. Japan.........................234.3 65. Feejee Islands....................... 24.9 18. Saxe-Cobro-Gotha..................222.0 66. Tennessee........................ 24.3 19. Italy.................................221.9 67. Sweden............................ 24.3 20. Brunswick...........................212.9 68. Madagascar...................21.5 21. Schwarzbirg-Sondershausen.........203.3 69. Turkish Empire.................... 20.9 22. Saxe-Weimar..................201.6 70 Tunis........................ 20.7 23. Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt............. 200.7 71. South Carolina...................... 20.7 24. Anhalt...............................192.0 72. North Carolina................. 19.6 25. Saxe-Meininen.....................188........................ 18.9 26. North German Confederation........186.7 74. Missouri........................... 18.8 27. Schaumburg-Lippe...................182.4 75. Alabama............................ 18.7 28. France...............................182.3 76. Georgia............................. 18.2 29. Prussia.............................. 177.0 77. Maine.............................. 17.9 30. Bavaria..............................164.2 78. Louisiana........................... 17.1 31. Massachosetts.......................162.4 79. Mississippi........................ 16.8 32. Switzerland......................... 159.6 80. West Virginia...................... 16.4 33. Papal States.........................158.8 81. Iowa................................. 16.4 34. Austria..............................147.9 82. Chili............................... 15.7 35. Rhode Island........................141.6 83. Afghanistan........................ 15.5 36. Waldeck.............................131.2 84. Central America................14.9 37. Lichtenstein.........................128.9 85 Wisconin....................14.4 38. Oldenburo...........................127.8 86 Noray..................... 14.2 39. lindia................................124.0 87. Michiuan........................... 14.2 40. Portugal.............................114.5 88. Independent Tartary................ 12.3 41. Denmiark.......................... 109.1 89. Beloochistan........................ 12.1 42. Mecklenburg-Schwerin..............108.0.9). Egypt........................11.3 43. Chinese Empire................101.6 91 Moocco........................ 10.6 44. Connecticut.......................... 98.2 92. Mexico...................... 10.6 45. Mecklenburg-Strelitz............... 93.8 93. Paraguay........................... 10.6 46. New Jersey.................... 88.7 94. Russian Empire................. 9.9 47. Spain................................ 83.3 95. United States....................... 9.7 48. New York........................ 82.6 96. Persia.............................. 8.8 605 1869.] IN ORDERt OF AREA. ahabitan~. 75,074 67,.500 62,959 60,000 56,805 52,465 50,0OO 48,5:'.3 43,&S~9 40,273 34,2 77 31,186 28,842 20,000 1'2,519 12,()(0 9,76 1 7,9()4 6,857 4,887 109. Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt........ 110. Schwarzburg-Sondershiausen.... 111. Sandwich Ilsands............... 112. Mlontanla........................ 118. Waldeck........................ 114. Oregon......... 115. Orange lFree State'............. 116. Lubeck......................... 117. Reuss, elder line................ 118. Utah............................ 119. Colorado........................ 120. Schaumburg-Lippe.............. 121. Nebraska....................... 122. Idaho............................ 123. Arizona......................... 124. Washington..................... 125. Andorra......................... 126. Indian Territory................ 127. Liechtenstein................... 1'28. Nevada.......................... 129. Dakota.......................... 130. Wyoming....................... THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. A,. Pop. on the Sq. Mile. Av. Pop. on the Sq. Mile. 97. Arkansas........................... 8.3 114. Kansas............................ 1.3 98. Sandwich Islands................... 8.2 115. Orange Free State.................. 1.0 99. U.S. of Colombia................... 8.2 116. British North America.............. 1.0 100. San Domingo...................... 7.6 117. New Mexico.........................7 101. Ecuador............................ 6.0 118. Utah.................................5 102. Venezuela.......................... 5.9 119. Australian Continent................5 103. Florida............................. 5.9 120. Oregon..............................5 104. Uruguay............................ 5.2 121. Montana.............................4 105. Peru................................ 4.9 122. Colorado............................3 106. Minnesota.......................... 4.8 123. Nebraska............................3 107. Bolivia............................ 3.7 124. Washington.........................2 108. Brazil............................... 3.6 125. Idaho................................2 109. California........................... 2.5 126. Arizona..............................2 110. Texas.............................. 2.4 127. Indian Territory.....................1 111. Tripoli............................. 2.2 128. Nevada...............................0 112. Argentine Republic................. 1.8 129. Dakota..............................0 113. Transvaal Republic................ 1.5 130. Wyoming............................0 3. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY. The figures in columns under "Area," "Pop.," and "Density of Pop.," give the rank of each country and state in the preceding tables, thus: Abyssinia, in the first table, in order of Area ranks No. 34, and in order of Population No. 30; in the second table-Density of Pop., No. 73. Density Area. Pop. of Pop. 51. Italy 46..... 13.... 19 52. Japan.................. 36.... 9.... 17 53. Kansas................. 53....105....114 54. Kentucky......79.... 57.... 63 55. Liberia................. 95....1.... 50 56. Liechtenstein.........129....127.... 37 57. Lippe-Detmold......... 118...103.... 13 58. Louisiana......75.... 72.... 78 59. Lubeck......127....116.... 4 60. Madagascar............. 25 21.... 68 61. Maine.................. 80.... 76.... 77 62. Maryland............... 92.... 74.... 53 63. Massachusetts......98.... 54.... 31 64. Mecklenbturg-Schwerin.104.... 79.... 42 65. Mecklenburg-Strelitz...113...106 45 66. Mexico..................... 17.... 92 67. Michigan............... 62.... 66.... 87 68. Minnesota.............. 83....106 69. Mississippi............. 70.... 67.... 79 70. Misso5ri.................59...59 56.7.4 71. Montana................ 37..2....1 1 72. Morocco................ 21..... 33.... 91 73. Nebraska...................121..128 74. Netherlands............ 9........ 90 75. Nevada................. 45....128....128 76. New Hampshire........ 96.... 87.... 61 77. New Jersey.............100.... 75.... 46; 78. New Mexico................108..11 79. New York.............. 71.... 27.... 48 80. North Carolina......... 68.... 61.... 72 81. No. German Confed.... 33.... 11....9 26 82. Norway................ 43.... 45....6 83. Ohio 76.... 38.... 54 84. Oldenbuirg.................. 88.. 38 85. Orange Free State...... 69. 115. 115 86. Oregon 48....114....120 87. Papal States............106. 70. 83 88. Paraguay............... 40.... 51.... 98 89. Pennsylvania........... 72. 32.... 52 90. Persia.................. 15.... 20.... 96 91. Peru................... 17.... 36....105 92. Portugal................ 78.... 24.... 40 93. Prussia................. 38. 14. 29 94. Reuss, elder line........!....1.... 8 95. Reuss, younger line....12....107.... 12 96. Rhode,land 9.......112 95. 97. Russian Empire........ I.... I.... 94 98. San Domingo........... 87.... 99....100 99. Sandwich rslands....... 99....lll....111 98 100. Saxe-Altenburg..........117.... 98.... 11 Density Area. Pop. of Pop. 1. Abyssinia.............34....0....73... 3 2. Afghanistan..............22.....26.....83 3. Alabama..............67...... 63.....75 4. Andorra................. 12 5.... 125..... 49 5. Anhalt.................. 114.... 94.... 24 6. Argentine Republic...... 11.... 47....112 7. Arizona................. 44...123....126 8. Arkansas................ 66.... 82.... 97 9. Australian Continent.... 7.... 52....119 10. Austria.................. 24... 8.... 34 11. Baden...................102... 48.... 14 12. Bavaria................... 8 3.... 30 13. Belgium................. 91.... 22.... 5 14. Beloochistan..........32.... 42.... 89 15. Bolivia................... 16.... 43.... 107 16 Brazil................... 6... 16....108 17. Bremen.......1 2.......18....104... 3 18. British North America.. 5.... 28....116 19. British Empire........... 3... 4.... 59 20. Brunswick...........110........ 91...20 21. California............... 29.... 80....109 22. Central America......... 30.... 34.... 84 23. Chili.................... 39.... 41.... 82 24. China (proper)........... 10.... 2.... 7 25. Chinese Empire............ 2.... 43 26. Colombia, U. S. of....... 19... 31... 99 27. Colorado................ 47....119....122 28. Columbia, District of....130....100.... 1 29 Connecticut..........105.... 81.... 44 30. Dakota.................. 35....129....129 1 2 31. Delaware................109...102.... 56 .32. Denmark................ 89.... 46.... 41 33. Ecuador................. 26.... 53....101 34. Egypt................13.... 19.... 90 .35. Feejee Islands........97.... 9... 99.. 65 36. Florida...............60.... 86....103 .37 France.................. 27.... 7.... 728 38. Georgia..............61.... 60.... 76 39. Great Britain............ 42.... 12.... 15 40. Greece...............86.... 50..........................51 41. Hamburg............124.... 90.... 2 42. Hayti.................... 94.... 78.... 55 43. Hesse-Darmstadt........107.... 65.... 10 44. Idaho...............122....125 45. Illinois...............63.... 40.... 60 '46. Independent Tartary.... 14.... 18.... 88 47. India.................... 9.... 3.... 39 48. Indiana.................. 82.... 49.... 58 49. Indian Territory......... 57..16 127 50. Iowa.................... 64.... 64.... 81 [1l69. 606 TABLES OF COMPARATIVE STATISTICS. Density Area. Pop. of Pop. 116. Tripoli................. 20.. 89....111 117. Tunis................... 73. (2. 70 118. Turkish Empire........ 8.... 6.... 69 119. U. S. of America....... 4.... 10.... 95 120. Uruguay............... 58.... 85....104 121. Utah....................50..118 118 122. Venezuela.............. 18.... 39....102 123. Vermont............... 93.... 89....64 1o.4. Virgiia................62 125. Waldeck................119 113 3f 126. Washingtoll........... 56....124....124 127. West Virginia.......... 84... 8 84.. 80 1'28. Wisconsfil................ 6;5. 68. 85 1229. Wurtemberg...........101.... 44.... 16 lA30. Wyoming............. 51....130....130 Density Area. Pop. of Pop. 101. Saxe-Coblurg-Gotha....... 1116fi 97.... 18 102. Saxe-Meiningen........115.... 96.... 25 103. Saxe-Weimar...........111.... 92.... 22 104. Saxo.ny1 37................. 6 105. Schaumbuirg-Lippe. 23....10.... 27 106. Schwarzb'g-Rudolstadt.120....109.... 23 107. Schwarzburg-Sonders hausen............... 121.... 108. Servia..............85.... 59... 57 109. South Carolina.......81.... 3.... 71 110 Spain................ 1.......47... 111. Sweden..................... 31 67.... 112. Switzerland.............. 8 8 5........ 835 113. Tennessee............... 58.... 6674....6 114. Texas..............23.... 77....110 115. Transvaal Republic..... 54.101....113 III. LARGE CITIES OF THE WORLD. 1. CITIES CONTAINING MORE THAN 100,000 INHABITANTS. The following table gives all the cities of the world which contain 100,000 inhabitants and upwards, their population, and the year of the latest census, respectively. The rank of each among the cities of the country in which it is situated, is indicated by a figure in parenthesis, immediately following the name of the country. London, England, (1)..........3,082,372 (1867.) Soochow, China, (1)...........2...,0000 Paris, France, (1)..............1,825,274 (1866.) Pekin, China, (2)..............1,648,814 (1845.) Jeddo, Japan, (1)..............1,554,848 Canton, China, (3).............1,236,000 Constantinople, Turkey, (1)...1,075,000 (1864.) Calcutta, East India, (1)....... 1,000,000 Tchanv-tchan-fu, China, (4),...1,000,000 (1863.) Osaka,-Japati, (2).............. 1,000.000 Bombay, East India, (2)....... 816,562 (1854.) Hankow, China, (5)........... 800,000 New York. United States, (1).. 726,386 (1865.) Berlin, Prussia, (1)............ 702,437 (1867.) Philadelphia, United States, (2) 622,082 (1866.) Foochow, China, (6)........... 600,000 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (1).....600,i00 Vienna, Anustria, (1)........... 578.52.5 (1864.) St. Petersbturg, Russia, (1).... 539.122 (1864.) Bangkok. Siam, (1)............ 500.000 Liverpool, England, (2)........ 492.439 (1867.) Glasgow, Scotland, (1)......... 440,979 (1867.) Madras, East India, (3)........ 427,771 (1863.) Nalles. Italy, (1)............... 418,9(08 (1861.) Ning)po, China, (7)............. 400,000 (1865.) Shanghai, China. (8)........... 395,000 Manchester, England, (3)...... 362,823 (1867.) Moscow, Russia (2)........... 351,609 (1863.) Birminogham, England, (4)..... 343,948 (1867.) Lyons, France, (2)............. 323,954 (1866.) Dublin, Ireland, (1)............ 319,210 (1867.) Marseilles, France, (3)......... 300,131 (1866.) Lucknow, East India, (4)...... 300,000 Madrid, Spain, (1)............. 298,426 (1860.) Patna, East India, (5).......... 284,132 Brooklyn, United States, (3)... 266,661 (1860.) Amsterdam, Holland, (1)...... 264,498 (1864.) Cairo, Egypt, (1).............. 256,700 (1862.) Amoy, China, (9)...........1 9... 250,000 Warsaw, Poland, (1)........... 243,512 (1865.) Baltimore, United States, (4).. 239,070 (1866.) Leeds, England, (5)............ 232,428 (1867.) Lisbon, Portugal, (1).......... 224,063 (1863.) Sheffield, England, (6)......... 222,199 (1867.) Rome, Papal States, (1)....... 215,573 (1867.) Hamburg, Germany, (1)....... 214,893 (1866.) Mexico,Mexico, (1)........... 210,327 (1862.) St. Louis, United States, (5)... 204,327 (1866.) Chicago, United States, (6).... 200,418 (1866.) Yarkand, China. (10)........... 200,000 Benares, East India, (6)......... 200,000 Hyderabad, East India, (7).... 200,000 Jongping, China, (11).......... 200,000 Ticntsin, China, (12).......... 200,000 Tschin2,king, China, (13)...... 2(X),000 Wuitsc'ni,m, China, (14)........ 200,000 Milan, Italy, (2)............... 196,109 (1861.) Bordeaux, France, (4)......... 194,241 (1866.) Cincinnati, United States, (7).. 19.3,253 (1866.) Boston, United States, (8)..... 192,824 (1866.) KjO1ng, Korea, (1)............ 190,027 (1793.) Barcelona, Spain, (..........'(') 18.9,948 (1860.) Brussels, Belgium, (1)......... 189,337 (1866.) Turin, Italy, (3)............... 180,520 (1861.) Amritsir, East India, (8)...... 180,000 (1866.) Kagosima, Japan, (:3).......... 180,000 (1863.) Edinburgh, Scotland, (2)...... 176,081 (1867.) New Orleans, United States,(9) 168,6'75 (1860.) Palermo, Italy, (4).:........... 167,625 (1861.) Mulnich, Bavaria, (1)........... 167,054 (1864.) Breslau, Prussia, (2)........... 166,744 (1867.) Bristol, England. (7)........... 165,572 (1867.) Alexandria, Egypt, (2)......... 164,400 (1862.) Manilla Phil ippme Islands, (1)..160.000 Dresden, Germany, ('2).......... 155,971 (1867.) Copenhagen. Denmark, (1)....... 155,143'(18(60.) Lille, France, (5)................. 154,749 (1866.) Delhi, East India, (9)............ 152,406 Adrianople, Turkey, (`2).........1 50,000 Bokhara, Indepen. Tartary, (1).. 150,000 Jakoba, Africa, (1).............. 150,000 Joudpore, East India, (10)....... 150,(0) S,myrna, Turkey, (.3)............ 150,000 Tiibreez, Persia, (1)............. 150,000 Tokat, Turkey, (4).............. 150,000 TTunis, unis, (1)................150,0(0 Urumtsi, China, (15)............. 150,000 Havana, Cuba, (1)............... 146,989 (1859.) Moorshedabad, East India, (11).146,963 Pragute, Austria, (2)............. 142,588 (1857.) Bangalore, East India, (12)...... 140,000 Baroda, East India, (18)......... 140,000 Stockholm, Sweden, (1)......... 138,189 (1866.) Pesth, Hungaria (1)............ 131,705 (1S57.) San Francisco, U.S$., (10).......1 811,000 (1867.) Ahmedabad, East India, (14)....1,0,000 Genoa, Italy, (5)................. 127,986 (1861.) Toulouse, France, (6)........... 126,986 (1866.) 1S6.] 607 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Melbourne, Australia, (1).......126,536 (1861.) Valencia, Spain, (4).............107,703 (1860.) Ghent, Belgium, (2).............126,333 (1866.) Huill, England, (10)..............106,740 (1867.) Cologne. Prussia, (3)............126,203 (1867.) Bradford, England, (11).........106,218 (1861.) Agra, East India, (15)...........125,262 Liege, Belgium, (4).............104,905 (1866.) Newcastle-oni-Tyne, England, (8).124,960 (1867.) Trieste, Austria, (3).............104,707 (1857.) Antwerp. Belgium, (3).......... 12,498 (1866.) Magdeburg, Prussia, (4).........103,931 (1867.) Bukharest, Turkey, (5)..........12,734 (1860.).....Ria, Russia, (4)................102,043 (1867.) Lima, Peru, (1) 11..... 6ia (5)........12,362 Kisberg, Prussia, (5)........101,507 (1864.) Buellos Ayres, Ar(. Repub.(1).. 120,000 Stoke-upon-Trent England, (12)101,207 (1861.) Damascus, Turkey, (6)..........120,000 Rouen, France, (8)..............100,671 (1866.) Teheran, Persia, (2).............120,000 Abeokuta, Africa, (2)............100,000 Belfast, Ireland, (2).............119,718 (1861.) Aleppo, Turkey, (7).............100,000 Odessa, Russia, (3)..............118,970 (1863.) Beyroot, Turkey, (8)............100,000 Sevilla, Spain, (3).............118,298 (1860.) Bhurtpore. East India, (19)......100,000 Venice, Italy, (6).................118,172 (1857.) Dhar, East Ii)dia, (20)...........100,000 Santiago, Chili, (1).............115,377 (1865.) Erzernm, Turkey, (9)........... 100,000 Rotterdam, Holland, (2).........115,277 (1866.) Fyzabad, East India, (21).......100,000 Salford, England, (9)............ 115,013 (1867.) Hama, Turkey, (10).............100,000 Florence, Italy, (7)..............114,363 (1861.) Herat, Affghanistan, (1).........100,000 Nantes, France, (7).............111,956 (1866.) Kaschan, Persia, (3).............100,000 Bareilly, East India, (16)........111,332 Kumosi, Africa, (3).............100,000 Nagpore, East India, (17).......111,231 Morocco, Morocco, (1)..........100,000 Cawupore, East India, (18)......108,796 Taschkend, Russia, (5)..........100,000 2. CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE CONTAINING LESS THAN 100,000 AND NORN THAN 50,000 INHABITANTS. Saint-Etienne, France............ 96,6.20 (1866.) Portsmouth. England............ 9-1,799 (1861.) Malaga, Spain -................ )4,732 (1860.) Buffalo, United States............ 94,592 (1865.) Kishinef, Russia.................94.124 (1863.) Leipzic, Germany................91,598 (1867.) Dundee, Scotland................90,417 (1861.) Dantzic, Prussia.................90,337 (1864.) Bologna, Italy...................89,850 (1861t.) Murcia, Spain................... 87,803 (1860.) Hague, Netherlands..............87,801 (1866.) Neiark, United States...........87,413 (1865.) Oporto, Portugal.................86,257 (1863.) Saratof, Russia................. 84,391 (186(3.) Strasbourg, France.............. 8. 4,167 (1866.) Merthvyr l dfil................. 83,875 (1861.) Liv onio, Italy...............83,543 (1861.) Preston, England................8295 (18il.) Brest France................. 9,847 (1866.) Hanover, Prussia................79,649 (1864.) Cork, Ireland.................... 78,892 (1861.) Fraiikfort-on-the-Main...........78,245 (1864.) Sunderland, England............. 78,211 (1861.) Brighton, England............... 77,693 (1861.) Toulon, France.................. 77,126 (18)6).) Havre, France.................. 74,900 (1866.) bNorwich, Enland.................74,8(.3 (1861.) Ab erdeen. Scotland.............. 74,891 (1861.) Nottingham, England............ 74,693 (1861.) Stettin, Prussia.................. 73,602 (1867.) Oldham, En(gTland................ 72,::33 (1861.) Nuremberg. Germany............7 1,798 (1867.) Cadiz. Spain..................... 7 1,521 (1860.) Bremen, Germany............... 70,692 (18,,64.). Bolton, England.................. 70,395 (1861.) Lemberg, Austria................ 70,384 (1857.) Soloniki, Turkey................. 70,000 V ilna, RLia ly..................... 69,464 (1863.) Stuttgart, Germany.............. 69,084 (1864.) Kief, Russia..................... 68,424 (1863.) Leicester, England............... 68,056 (1861,) Aix-la-Chapelle, Prussia......... 67,938 (1867.) Zaragoza, Spain.................. 67,428 (186;0.) Granlada........................ 67,326 (1860.) Jassy, Rumania..................6 65,745 (1860).) Christiania, Norway.............65,513 (1865.) Roubaix, France................. 65,6(.)l (1866.) Catania, Italy..................... 64,9321 (1861.) Barmen, Prussia................. 64,865 (1867.) Elberfeld, Prussia............... 64,732 (1867.) NSkolaiefr Russia.............. (64,567 (1863.) Gratz, Aistria.................. 63,1756 (1857.) Blackbulm, England............4 8. 63,126 (1861.) Kiasan, Russia................... 63,084 (1863.) Dusseldorf, Prussia............... 62,866 (1867.) SzeOedin, Hungary............... B62,700 (1857.) Albany, United States............ 62,613 (1865.) Plymouth, England................ 62,599 (1861.) eIessina, Italy................... 62.024 (1861.) Washinlgton, United States......61..... 122 (1865.) Amieis. France.................. 61,063 (1866.) Wolverhampton, England...........60,860) (1861.) Rheims, France..................u 6;0,734 (1866.) pNimes, France................... 60,240 (1866.) Verona, Italy....................59,169 (1857.) Chenmitz, Germany............. 58,942 (1867.) BC-inn Austria.................... 58,809 (1857.) MuhlRlouse, France.............. 58,773 1866.) IT trecht, Netherlands............ 58,607 (1866.) Tula, Russia.................... 56,739 (1863.) lIontpellier, France.............. 55,606 (1866.) Milwaukee. United States........ 55,000 (1865.) Metz, France.................... 54-817 (1866.) Angers, France.................. 54,7.91 (1866.) Stockport, Enlgland.............. 54,681 (1861.) Providence, United States....... 54,595- (1865.) Carthagena, Spain............... 54,31. (1860.) Crefeld, Prussia.................. 53,837 (1867.) Padua, Italy................. 53,584 (1857.) Maria-Theresiopel................ 53,499 (1857.) Posen, Hungary................. 53,383 (1864.) Altona, Prussia................ 53,280 (1867.) Berditschef, Russia.............. 53,169 (1863.) Limoges, France................. 53,022 (1866.) Palma, Spain.................... 53,019 (1860.) Bath, England.................. 53,528 (1861.) Jerez de la Frontera............. 52,158 (1860.) Klharkof, Russia................. 5,016 (1863.) Birkenhead, England............ 51,647 (1861.) Davenport, England.............. 50,440 (1861.) Nice, France..................... 50,180 (1866.) Serajevo, Turkey............... 50,000 Gallipoli, Turkey................ 50,000 Nalncy, France................... 49.993 (1866.) Bruges, Belgium................ 49,819 (1866.) [1869. 608 PART IV. RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF TIHE WORLD. FOR a correct understanding of the following tables of ecclesiastical statistics, it is of importance to distinguish between active and nominal members of a religious denomination. Full accuracy can only be obtained with regard to actual membership, but our knowledge of this class of statistics is becoming more and more accurate, as the number of churches which make an enumeration of their members is increasing. On the other hand, religious statistics of population can only consist of estimates. They include the population which lives and grows up under the influence of a particular religious belief. Formerly, most governments of the world required all their subjects to be connected with some particular religious denomination, and official censuses contained ecclesiastical as well as political statistics; but as religion is being more generally recognized as a free act of every citizen which does not concern the state government, the holding of ecclesiastical censuses has been altogether discontinued in several countries, as in the United States and Great Britain. The official censuses of these countries include, however, statistics of places of worship, of church sittings, and many other facts which are of use in forming a reasonable estimate of the religious belief of the population. I.-CREEDS OF THE WORLD. The total population of the world is now estimated at 1,375,000,000. In 1859, one of the ablest statisticians of Europe, Professor Dieterici, of Berlin, taking 1,300,000,000 as the total population of the world, classified them as follows: Christians, 335,000,000; Jews, 5,000,000; East Asiatic religions, 600,000,000; Mohammedans, 160,000,000; Pagans, 200,000,000. On the basis of the larger estimate of the present population of the world, we give the number belonging to each of the principal denominations, as near as can be obtained from the most trustworthy sources of information. Christians..........................380,000,000 Pagans.......................200,000,000 Buddhists......................... 360,000,000 Mohammedans..................... 165,000,000 Other Asiatic religions.............260,000,000 Jews............................... 7,000,000 Christianity is the prevailing religion in every country of America and Europe, in Australia and in many of the islands of Polynesia. In Europe, one country-Turkey, is under a non-Christian government, but the great majority of the inhabitants in the European provinces are Christians. In Africa, Abyssinia and Liberia are independent Christian States, and besides, Christianity prevails in a number of colonies belonging to European States. 39 609 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The largest empire of Asia-Russia, is also a Christian country. India, the third country in point of extent, is under the rule of a Christian government, and so is a large portion of Farther India. The Mohammedan countries in Asia, are Turkey, Persia, Affghanistan, and the Khanates of Central Asia; in Africa-Morocco, the dependencies of Turkey, (Egypt, Tunis, Tripoli,) and a number of interior states. Buddhism prevails in India, Farther India, in many parts of China, and in Japan. The governments of Japan, Burmah, and Siam are Buddhist;the government of China adheres to the religion of Confucius. II.-GENERAL STATISTICS OF CHRISTIANITY. 1. )ivisions of Christianity. It is common to divide the Christian churches into three groups: (1.) The Roman Catholic Church. This church is apparently one organization, and the recognition of the Pope as the head of the entire church is an article of faith. There is one religious organization in Holland, (the Jansensits,) who, while they claim to belong to the Roman Catholic church, are not recognized by the Pope. Besides, in the Roman Catholic countries of Europe there are many millions whose connection with the Roman Catholic church is only nominal. The attitude of the Parliaments of Italy, Austria, Belgium, Portugal and other states is a conclusive proof of this. (2.) The Eastern or Oriental Churches. This group embraces the following denominations: The Greek Church, the Armenian Church, the Nestolians, the Jacobites, the Copts, and the Abyssinians. All of them recognize the first CEcumenical council of Nice, and have bishops for whom they claim an apostolic succession. (3.) The Protestant Churches. All the churches not belonging to one of the two preceding groups, are generally comprised under the collective name of Protestants. We must not omit to state that there are parties in some of -the denominations, classed under this head, which protest against the application of this name to them. Thus in the established church of England, -and the Protestant Episcopal church of the United States, there is a party which desires to be placed in the second, instead of the third of our groups. If their church should adopt this view, our second group should be designated as The Episcopal churches with Apostolic Succession. But for the present we follow the long-established' usage, and without prejudging the propriety of the technical names, retain the classification which has been com monly adopted by statisticians. The subdivisions of Protestantism are numerous, and we speak of them below. .2. The Roman Catholic, the Eastern and the Protestant Churches. The following tables contain, as nearly as can be ascertained, the statistics of the Roman Catholic, Eastern and Protestant Churches in every country of the world. The total population is taken, in great part, from Behm'si Geograpk2sches Jahrbuch, vol. 2, (Gotha, 1868.) 610 [1869. RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD. AMERICA. Total Population. Roman Catholi. Protestant. Et. Churh. United States, (including Alaska)...... 34,560,000........5,000,000........27,000,000........10,000 Mexico................................ 8,218,080........8,200,000........ 5,000........ Central American Republics.......... 2,665,000........2,660,000........ 5,000........ United States of Columbia............ 2,920,473........2,890,000........ 10,000........ Venezuela............................. 2,200,000........2,200,000................ Ecuador..................... 1,300,000.....1,250,000................ Peru................................... 2,500,000....... Bolivia................................. 1,987,352........1,750,000............... Chili.................................... 2,084,960........1,950,000........ 20,000........ Brazil.................................11,780,000..... 11,100,000........ 100,000........ Argentine Republic................... 1,465,000........1,340,000........ 20,000........ Paraguay............................. 1,337,431........1,337,000................ Uruguay............................... 350,000........ 237,000........ 3,000........ Hayti.................................. 572,000....... 560,000........ 10,000........ San Domingo.......................... 136,500....... 135,000........ 1,000....... Brit. No. America-(D)omin. of Canada, Pr. Edwards Isl., Newfoundland, Brit. Columbia, Red River Col., Bermuda). 3,880,000........1,700,000........ 2,100,000 Other British Possessions............. 1,130,910........ 150,000........ 600,000........ Danish Possessions, (Greenland, St. Thomas, St. John, St. Cruz)........ 48,231........ 9,200........ 38,000........ French Possessions.................... 315,677....... 314,000........ 1,000........ Spanish "................... 1,979,838........1,977,000........ 2,000........ Dutch "................... 92,521........ 32,000........ 40,000........ Swedish 2,898......... 800........ 2,000........ Patagonia and Fireland................ 80,000........................ 81,556,871 47,192,000 29,959,000 10,000 EUROPE. Total Population. Roman Cathoic. Protestant. Eat. Church. Portugal.............................. 3,987,861 440000............. Azores and Madeira................. 363,658.. Spain............................16,802,625......16,280,000....... 10,00. Andorra.............................. 12,000...... 12,000............. France...............................38,192,094......36.000,000........ 1,600,000... North German Confederation.........29,910,377...... 7,875,000........20,682,000..... 2,000 South German States................. 8,611,523...... 4,9.5,000........ 3,351,000..... Austria......................%5,553,000.....27,000,000......3 (M 000.... 3,200,000 Italy..................................24,368,787.....24,000,000...... 60,000..... Papal States.......................... 723,121...... 710,000...... 1,000 San Marino........................... 5,700...... 5,700......... Monaco............................... 1,887....... 1,800........ Switzerland.......................... 2,510,494...... 1,023,000........ 1,482,000... Hollanid............................... 3,.552,665 Luxemburg............,.............. 2,200,000 Belgium.............................. 4,984,451...... 4,850,000........25,000..... Great Britain.......................... 29,321,288 6,100,000. 23,400,000. Heligoland, Gibraltar and Malta.....163,6833 Denmark.................... 1,608,095 Farce and Iceland..........1,000.........1,67,000 Sweden........ 000.............4,070,06160 Norway.1,701,478.. —................. 15,074......~. Turkey..........................13,544,000 Rtumania................... 3,864,8. Servia 1 at8Q C)Q......070,061 50,000.1,W0 Servia................................. 1,720,000 Montenegro................. 196,238 Greece.....................1........... 1,0 Ionian Islands................251,712......60,000........ 3,00...1,270,000 Russia......................67,,431.....6,769,000..... 4,122,000...52,810,000 293,513,035 142,117,500 68,028,000 69,782,000 AsIA. Total Population. Roman Catholic. Protestant. Est. Chuch. Russian Possessions................. 9,748,000........... 25,000............ 10,000.....4,885,000 Turkish ".................. 16,463,000...........260,000................10,000,000 Arabia................................ 4,000,000............................ Persia................................ 5,000,000........... 10,000.:............ 300,000 Al'fghanistan and Herat............0 Afahanistan and Herat.............. 4,000,000............................ Beloochistan....................... 2,000,000....................... Toorkistan............................ 7,870,000............................ China and dependencies.............477,500,000...... 700,000............. 20,000..... 1,000 1869.] Oil THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Total Population. Roman Catholic. Protestant. East. Church. Japan................................ 5,000,000.......... 100,000............ 1,000..... East India and British Burmah.......193,340,000 ).......................... 300,000 Ceylon............................... 2,049,728...... 1,600,000..........500,000..... Farther India........................ 20,769,945 ) East India Islands.................... 27,678,804.........2,000,000...........170,000..... 805,419,477 4,695,000 713,000 8,486,000 AFRICA. The total population of Africa was estimated in 1868, at 190,950,000. The statistics of the Christian population are about as follows: ~~~~~~~~~, RoEman Catholic. Protestant. East. Churh. British Possessions.......................................140,000...........500,000..... French ".......................................133,000........... Portuguese ".......................................439,000........... Spanish............ 12,000................ Angola, Beniela, Mozambique............100,000................ Algeria...................................................190,000........... 10,000.... Eg-ypt.................................................... 50,000........... 10,000.... 200,000 Abyssinia............................................. 30,000...........3,000,000 Liberia................................................... 40,00..... MIorocco and Fez........................................ 200.......... Tunis and Tripoli..................................10,000................ Madagascar............................................... 2,000........... 50,000..... Orange Free State.................................................... 15,000..... Transvaal Republic................................................... 30,000..... Kaffraria........................................................... 30000 Basutos............................................................ 1,106,200 685,000 3,200,000 AUSTRALIA AND POLYNESIA. The total population of Australia according to the latest census was, 1,313,946; the population of the islands is estimated at 2,823,925, total, 4,192,000. The nmmber of Roman Catholics in New South Wales, is 99,193; in South Australia, 15,594; in Victoria, 107,610; in New Zealand, about 30,000; in the Sandwich Islands, 22,000. The total number of Roman Catholics in Australia and Polynesia may be estimated at T50,000. Nearly the whole population of the English Possessions, that is not Roman Catholic and Jewish, may be set down as Protestant. This gives about 1,300,000 for Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand. In the Sandwich, Fiji and other islands, there may be about 150,000. Total number of Protestants, about 1,450,000. RECAPITULATION-TOTAL. Total Population. Roman Catholic. Protestant. Eat. Church. America....................... 81,400,000....... 47,192,000....... 29,959,000........ 10,000 Europe....................... 293,000,000....... 142,117,000....... 68,028,000........69,782,006 Asia......................... 805,400,000....... 4,6)5,000........ 713,000........ 8,486,000 Africa.................191,000,000....... 1,106,2t)0........ 685,000........ 3,200,000 Australia and Polynesia......... 4,200,000........ 350,000....... 1,450,000........ 1,375,000,000 195,460,200 100,835i,000 81,478,000 III. THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 1. The Pope. The Pope, Pius IX., formerly Giovanni Maria di Mastai Ferretti, was born at Sinigaglia on the 13th of May, 1792; elected Pope on the death of Gregory XVI., in 1846, and crowned on the 21st of June of that year. 2. The Cardinals. There were, in November 1868, 57 Cardinals, of whom'5 were Cardinal Bishops, 44 Cardinal Priests, and 8 Cardinal Deacons. Thirty-nine were Italian by birth, and only 18 non-Italians, 7 French, 4 Spanish, 4 Germans, 1 Croatian, 1 Portuguese, and 1 Irish. Among the new Cardinals created in 1868, was Prince Lucian Bonaparte, a cousin of the Emperor of France. 3. Patriarchs, Archbishops and Bishops. According to the official Papal Almanac (Annuario Pontifcio) for 1867, the number of Patriarchates, Archbishoprics and Bishoprics in the Roman Catholic Church amounted to 1,092. This includes all the prelates of the Oriental Churches that are in communion with Rome-namely, those of the Armenian Catholics, the Maronites, the Greek Catholics, the Syrians, the Bulgarian Greeks, and the Chaldeans. The name Patriarch no longer signifies, as in the ancienut Church. the head of one of the largest [13(;9. 612 divisions of the Church, but is now chiefly a title. There are twelve prelates in the Roman Catholic Church who bear this title, namely: Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jcrualem, Venice, West Indies, Lisboln, Antioch of the Greek Melchites, Antioch of the Mtaronites, Anltioch of the Syrians, Babylon of the Chaldeans, Cilicia of the Armenians. (The Patriarch of the West Indlies resides at the court of Madrid, and is Grand Almoner of the Sovereign, and VicarGeneral of the Army and the Fleet). The following list contains the names of all Archbishoprics and the number of Bishoprics in every country: Anmerica, United States. Archbishoprics, 7: New York, Baltimore, Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, San Francisco, Oregon City. Bishoprics, 46, the dioceses (Archbishoprics and the Bishoprics) are divided among the seven provinces as follows: Pioi2ue of Baltiptore comprises the dioceses of Baltimore, Charleston, Erie, Harrisburg,, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Richmond, Savannah, Scranton, Wheeling, and Wilmington, (Del.,) with the vicaiates Apostolic of North Carolina and Florida, and extends over the District of Columbia, and the States of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North and South Carollina, Georgia, and the eastern section of Florida. Proviice of Cincinnati embraces the dioceses of Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Covington, Detroit, Fort Waynle, Louisville, Marquette and Vincennes, including the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Kentucky. Province of New Orleans, La., comprises the dioceses of New Orleans, Galveston, Little Rock, Mobile, Natchez, and Natchitoches, and includes the States of Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, and Arkansas. Pgovince of NVew York includes the dioceses of New York, Albany, Boston, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Burlington, Halrtford, Newark, Portland, Rochester, and includes New England, New York, and New Jersey. Province of 7Oregon City includes the dioceses of Oregon City, Nesqualy, Vancouver Island, and the vicariate of British Columbia. Proviiwe of St. Louis comprises the dioceses of St. Louis, Alton, Chicago, Dubuque, Green Bay, La Crosse, Milwaukee, Nashville, Santa Fe, St. JosephL St. Paul, the vicariates apostolic of Kansas, the Indian Territory, Nebraska, Idaho, Colorado and Montana, and embraces Missouri, Tennessee, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iown, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, Dacotah, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and the Indian Territory. Pn'ince of San Francisco comprises the dioceses of San Francisco, Grass Valley, Monterey, and Los Angelos, and embraces the States of California and Nevada, and all the territory east to the Rio Colorado. British Pos8sessions. Archbishoprics, 3: Quebec, Halifax, Port of Spain. Bishoprics, 16. Mexico. Archbishoprics, 3: Mexico, Guadalajara, Michoacan. Bishoprics, 11. Central America. Archbishopric, 1: Guatemala. Bishoprics, 4. Slpanish Possessions. Archbishopric, 1: Santiago de Cuba. Bishoprics, 2. F'en?ch Posses,iorns. Bishoprics, 2. United States of Colombia. Archbishopric, 1: Santa Fe de Bogota. Bishoprics, 6. Venezuela. Archbishopric, 1: Caraccas. Bishoprics, 3. Ecuador. Archbishopric, 1: Quito. Bishoprics, 2. Bolivia. Archbishopric, 1: Chuquisaca. Bishoprics, 3. Peru. Archbishopric, 1: Lima. Bishoprics, 5. Argentine Confederation (including Buenos Ayres). Archbishopric, 1: Buenos Ayres. Bishoprics, 4. Brazil. Archbishopric, 1: Bahia. Bishoprics, 11. Chil. Archbishopric, 1: Santiago. Bishoprics, 3. Urugutay. Bishopric, 1. Paraguay. Bishopric, 1. Dominican Republic. Archbishopric, 1: San Domingo. Hayti. Archbishopric, 1: Port-au-Prince. Europe. Italy and Papal States. Archbishoprics, 46: Acerenza et Matera, Amalfi, Bari, Benevento, Bologna, Brindisi, Cagliari, Camerino, Capua, Chieti, Conza, Cosenza, Fermo, Ferrara, Florence, Gaeta, Genoa, Lanciano, Lucca, Manfredonia, Messina, Milan, Modena, Monreale, Naples, Oristano, Otranto, Palermo, Pisa, Ravenna, Reggio, Rossano, Salerno et Acerno, Sassari, St. Severina, Siena, Sorrento, Spoleto, Syracuse, Tarento, Trani et Nazaret, Turin, Urbino, Udine, Vercelli, Venice. Bishoprics, 202. France. Archbishoprics, 17: Besancon, Bordeaux, Chambery, Lyons etVienne, Paris, Rheims, Aix, Albi, Auch, Avignon, Bourges, Cambray, Rennes, Rouen, Sens et Auxerre, Touleuse et Narblonne, Tours. Bishoprics (exclusive of the Colonies), 65. Spain (inclusive of the Balearic and Canarian Islands). Archbishoprics, 9: Burgos, Santiago, Grenada, Saragossa, Toledo, Tarragona, Sevilla, Valencia, Valladolid. Bishoprics, 50. RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF TIIE WORLD. 61-3 1869.1 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Portugal (exclusive of Madeira, and the Azores, for which see Africa). Archbishopri.s, 3; Lisbon, Braga, Evora. Bishoprics, 14. Belgium. Archbishopric, 1; Malines. Bishoprics, 5. Hollald. Archbishopric, 1; Utrecht. Bishoprics, 4. Great Britain. Archbishoprics, 6; Westminster (England); Armagh, Cashel, Tuam, Dublin, (Ireland); Malta. Bishoprics, England, 12; Ireland, 24. Austria. Archbishoprics, 14; Agram, Colocza, Erlau, Fogaras (Greek), Gran, Goeritz et Gradisca, Lemburg (one Latin, one Greek, and one Armenian), Olmutz, Prague, Salsburg, Vienna, Zara. Bishopiics, 47 (among which are seven of the United Greeks). Prusa. Archbishoprics, 2; Cologne, Posen et Gnesen. Bishoprics, 10. Bavaria. Archbishoprics, 2; Munich, Bamberg. Bishoprics, 6. Baden. Archbishopric, 1; Freiburg. Other German States. Bishoprics, 2. Switzerland. Bishoprics, 5. Rutssia (including Poland). Archbishoprics, 3; Mohilew, Polocz (United Greek), Warsaw, Poland. Bishoprics, Russia, 10; Poland, 8. Turkey. Bishoprics, 6; Vicariates Apostolic, 6. Archbishoprics (including 1 Patriarchate), 5; Antivari, Durazzo, Scopia (administered by a Bishop in partius, rs Administrator Apostolic); Constantinople, Latin Patriarchate, administered by a Provicar Apostolic; Constantinople, Armenian Archbishop Primate. Gece. Archbishoprics, 2: Corfu, Naxos. Bishoprics, 5. Asia. Turkey. Archbishoprics, 18; Aleppo (United Syrian Archbishopric); Amadie (Chaldean Archbishopric); Antioch, 4 patriarchs, (1 Latin, 1 Melchite, 1 Maronite, 1 Sy'rian): Babylon, 2, (1 Chaldean Patriarch, 1 Latin Archbishopric); Cilicia, 1 Armenian Patriarch; Damascus, 3, (1 Maronite Archbishopric, 1 Syrian Archbishopric, 1 Greek Archbishopric, admin istered by the Greek Patriarch of Antioch); Jerusalem, 1 Latin Patriarch; Smyrna, Tyre, 1 Melchite Archbishopric; Seleucia, 3 (Chaldean, Armenian, Syrian). Bishoprics, Latin rite, 2; Greek, 9; Chaldean, 4; Armenian, 9; Syrian, 8; Maronite, 6. Total, 38. Persia. Bishoprics, 4; 1 Armenian, 1 Latin (connected at present with Babylon, Turkey), 2 Chaldean. India. Archbishopric, 1; Goa. Bishoprics, 3. Spanish Possessio!is (Phlippine lIlands). I Archbishopric, 1. Bishoprics, 3. China. Bishopric, 1. Africa. Archbishopric, 1; Algiers. Bishoprics, Portuguese possessions, 5; French posses sions, 4; English possessions, 1; Spanish possessions (including the See of Tangier), 2. Australasia and Polynesia. Archbishprics. Sidney, 1. Bishoprics, 8. Vicariaths Apostolic, "; the groups of Mangareva, Tahiti, Paumotoo; the Sandwich Islands; the Marquesas group; Central Oceanica; the Navigators' Islands; New Caledonia; Melanesia and Micronesia. 4. CEcumenical Councils. TheCatholic Church recognizes nineteen General or (Ecu menical Councils, the first of which was that of the Apostles, at Jerusalem, A. D. 50. The others were held as follows: lst.of Nice, in Bithynia, A. D. 325; 1st of Constantinople, A. D.,881; 1st of Ephesus, A. D. 431; Chalcedon, A. D. 451; 2d of Constantinople, A. D. 533; 3d of Constanti nople, A. D. 680; 2d of Nice, A. D. 787; 4th of Constantinople, A. 1D). 869; 4 councils of Lateran, Rome, A. D. 1123, 1139, 1179, and 1215; 1st and 2d of Lyons, A. D. l1245, 1274; Vienna, in Dau phiny, A. D. 1311; Constance, A.D. 1414; Basle, A. D. 1481; Trent, A. D. 1545. The Councils of Pisa in 1409, of Florence in 1439, and the 5th of the Lateran, in 1512, are re garded by some as ceecumenical. The conference of 1854, when the dogma of the immaculate conception was proclaimed, was not an ecumenical council. Anew (Ecumenical Council has been called by Pope Pius IX. to meet at Rome, on December 8,1869. 5. National and Provincial Councils and Diocesan Synods. Meetings.of all the bishops of a country under the presidency of one of the Archbishops who either has the title of Primate, or has been designated by the Pope as the first among the Archbishops, are called National Councils. In the United States a National Council is to meet every tenth year. The last was held in 1866, at Baltimore, under:the presidency of the Archbishop of Baltimore. Provincial Councils are the meetings of the bishops belonging to an ecclesiastical province, under the presidency of the Archbishop of the Plovince. Diocesan Synods are the meetings of the clergy of a diocese, under the presidency of the Bishop of the diocese. 614 [1869. RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD. 6. Monastic Orders. The fullest statistics of the monastic institutions of the Roman Catholic Church are to l)e found in the work, Statistisches Jahe1i'.bch der Ki/ele (Statistical YearBook of the Church: Ratisbon, 1862). The author, a Carmelite monk, gives, in alphabetical arrangement, a list of all male and female monastic orders, and, under the head of each order, similarly arranged, the names of all monasteries existing at that time. He estimates the number of male monasteries and establishments at 8,000, and the aggregate number of their members at 117,500. The number of female monasteries and establishments is estimated at 10,000, and the aggregate number of their members at 189,000. The following are the statistics of some of the principal male Monastic orders: Franciscans, 50,000; School Brethren, 16,000; J'esuits, 8,000; Congregations for nursing the sick, 6,000; Benedictines, 5,000; Dominicans, 4,000; Carmelites, 4,000; Trappists, 4,000; Lazarists, 2,000; Piarists, 2,000; Redemptorists, 2,000. IV. THE ORIENTAL CHURCHES. The Greek Church. This is by far the most numerous among the Oriental Churches. It consists of 10 different groups, which in point of administration are independent of each other, namely: 1. The Patriarchate of Jerusalem; which has 13 Sees, (Metropolitical and 1 Archiepiscopal). 2. The Patriarchate of Antioch; 6 Metropolitical Sees. 3. The Patriarchate of Alexandria: 4 Metropolitical Sees. 4. The Patriarchate of Constantilnople; 1.35 Sees (90 Metropolitical and 4 Archiepiscopal). 5. The Patriarchate of Russia; 65 Sees (5 Metropolitical, 25 Archiepiscopal). 6. The Patriarchate of Cyplnls; 4 Sees, (of which 1 is Archiepiscopal). 7. The Patriarchate of Austria; 11 Sees, (2 Metropolitical). 8. The Patriarchate of Mt. Sinai; 1 See. 9. The Patriarchate of Montenegro; 1 Metropolitical See. 10. The Patriarchate of Greece; 24 Sees. (The Archbishop of Athens is ex officio President of the Holy Synod). The statistics of the Greek Church, reported in 1867, were as follows: Russia, total, 57,161,000: Turkey, inclusive of the dependencies in Europe and Egypt, 13,300,000; Austria, 3,200,000; Greece, (inclusive of the Ionian Islands), 1,270.000; North German Confederation, 2,000; United States of America, 10,000; China, 1,000; total, 74,944,000. The Armenian Church. The number of Armenians is estimated by Dr. Petermann, one of the highest authorities on ethnographical subjects, at 2,500,000. Of these, about 100,0)0 are connected with Rome (United Armenians), 15,000 are Evangelical Armenians, and all the others belong to the National (or Gregorian) Armenian Church. Of late, efforts have been made both in Russia and Turkey to prepare the way for a union of the Armenian with the Greek Church. Russia, according to an official report of the Ministry of Popular Enlightenment, had in 1851, 22,253 Catholic (united) Armenians, and 372,535 "Gregorian" (non-united) Armenians. According to a later estimate, there were 35,000 Armenians in European and 50,000 in Asiatic Russia. The Armenian population of Turkey is estimated at 2,000,000, Persia has about 30,000. The highest bishop of the Armenian Church resides at Etchmiatsin, in Asiatic Russia. The Nestorians, called after Nestorius, a patriarch of Constantinople in the 5th century, were condemned by the CEcumenical Council of Ephesus in 431, for maintaining that there was a great distinction between Christ the Son of God and Christ the Son of Man; and that it was only the human nature of Christ that was born of the Virgin Mary. The number of Nestorians in Turkey was reported in 1833, as 10,054 families, or 70,000 persons, but other statements give higher figures. In Persia, the number is estimated at 15.000. In India, the Nestorians are commonly known under the name of Christians of St. Thomas, of whom there are about 70,000. In Turkey, the Nestorians have a Patriarch at Diz (Mosul), and 18 bishops. Since 18q33, the American missionaries have labored among the Nestorians, and formed a number of Evangelical Congregations. Those Nestorians who have united with Rome, are generally called Chaldeans. They number about 80,000, and have a patriarch bearing the title of Patriarch of Babylon; and residing at Bagdad, archbishops at Amadia and Seleucia, in Asiatic Turkey; four bishops in Turkey and two in Persia. The Jacobites, one of the branches of the Monophysites (see Armenians, Copts, Abyssinians). They are called after the monk Jacob Baradai, who in the middle of the 6th century, re-organized the persecuted Monophysites of Syria. The Jacobites have a patriarch with the title Patriarch of Antioch, at Caramit (Diarbekir). a maphrian (head of the Eastern Jacobites), in a convent near Mosul. Besides, there are said to be 21 bishops in Asiatic Turkey. The number of families in Turkey is variously estimated from 10,400 to 34,000. It is said that there are about 200,000 Jacobites living in East India (in Malabar 1869.1 615 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. anid Travaticore), who have fouir bishops, one of whom lives in Cochin. A numl)ber oif Jacol)ites have joined the communion of the Itomanil Catholic Church, and are generally called the lUnited Syrians. They retain the old rite of the Syrian Churches, anid the use of the )old Syrian lauguage at divine service. Those ill Turkey have a patriarch at Aleppo, and several l)ishliops. Ill India, there are about 96,000 United Syrians, who retain their own rites, and al)bout 60,000 who have entirely identified themselves with the Latin rite. The Copts is the name of the Monophysites in Egypt (see Armenians). The head of the Church is the Patriarch of Alexandria, who resides at Cairo, with jurisdiction also extending over Nubia and Abyssinia, and the right of consecrating the Al)una (patriarch) of the latter country; 16 bishops and 146 churches and convents. The population is variously estimated at from 150,000 to 250,000, of whom al)bout 10,000 are in Cairo. Of the Copts, about 13,000 have united with the Roman Catholic Church (United Copts). The Abyssinians. The Christians of Abyssinia are Monophysites like the Copts. They number about 3,000,000. V. TiHE PROTESTANT CHURCHES. Divisions of Protestantism. The name Protestant originated in 1529, in Germany, at thec Diet of Spire, when the Evangelical estates refused to submit to a resolution passed by the majority of the Diet, by which ali further innovations in religious matters were prohibited until the convocation of an (Ecumcenlical Council. But it has since come into general use as the collective designation of all C'hiristians not )belonging to either the Church of Rome, or the Eastern Churches, inclusive even of those who, like the Waldeusians originated li)elore the Reformation of the sixteenth century. In some of the Churches embraced inder these divisions, there are parties, objecting to being included in this class. We follow the almost universal classification of statisticians. There is no division of the Protestant Churches that is generally accepted. The name' evang'elical" has come into frequent use. to designate one class of Protestant denomination. In 1845, the "Evangelical Alliance" was organized in Liverp)ool, to be a common bond of union of the denominations called evangelical. Membership of the Alliance was made dependent upon nine tenets, among which were, the Inspiration of the Scriptures, the Trinity, the utter depravity of human nature, the Divinity of Jesus Christ, and the atonement, justification by faith alone, and the divine institution of the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper. These tenets were, however. not generally accepted by those who sympathised with and took part in the operations of the Alliance. General meetings of the Evangelical Alliance, attended by delegates from all parts of the world. were held at the following places: 1. Londonll, 1846; 2. Paris, 1855; 3. Berlin, 1857; 4. Geneva. 1860; 5. Amsterdam, 1867. The sixth general meeting is to be held in New York in October, 1869. The Principal Protestant Denominations. Below we give in alphabetical order the principal divisions of Protestantism, especially those in the United States. Anglican Church. The Anglican Church consists of the following branches: 1. The Established Church of England; 2. The Church of Ireland; 3. The Scotch Episcopal Church; 4. The Church in the British Colonies; 5. The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. There is besides, one Anglican Church in the Sandwich Islands, and several missionary bishops in Asia and Africa. All the bishops of the above branches were, in 1867, invited by the late Archbishop of Canterbury to a so-called Pan-Anglican Synod. The Synod, the first of its kind, was opened on Sept. 24, and was attended by seventy-six bishops. A hope was expressed that this meeting might be followed by other similar ones. Pi-otestant Episcopal Church of the United States. At the close of the year 1868, the statistics of this Church were as follows: Dioc~es ommui~&t,. Dioceses. Communicant. Do~o o~nc~i Maine................. 1.632 Maryland..............12.269 Massachusetts..........10.867 Michigan............. 5,568 Minnesota........... 2.280.. Mississippi........... 1,540 Missouri............... 2,061 Nebraska............. 701 New Ilampshire........... 1,235 New Jersey............ 9.140 New Yorlk............. 833,8300 North Carolina......... 3,033 tEstimated. *Taken from the journal of 1867. 616 [ I " " (Y.). Alal)ama............... 2,(X)l California.............. tl,.500 Connecticut............ 15,9.,m Delaware.............. 1,472 Florida................. 7,38 Geor,zia................ 2,428 Illin6is................ 5,280 Indiana................ 2,102 Iowa................... 1,684 Kansas................'373 Kentucky.............. *2.7.96 Louisiana.............. 1.864 Di...... Ohio...... 8,023 PCIIII""Ivania.......... 20.44.5 ............. 2'883 Rhode slaiid.......... 4,443 Soiith Carolina......... 3,0'i4 Tennessee............ 1,256 Texas.................. 1,5W Vermont............... 2,.361. Virginia................ 7,575 Western New York-.... 16.761 Wisconsin............ 4,'573 RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD. The General Triennial Convention of 1868. admitted the diocese of Nebraska, and authorized the division of the dioceses of Western New York and Maryland into two, and the division of the diocese of New York into three dioceses. There are several missionary bishops in the United States, one missionary bishop for Western Africa, and one for China and Japan. Total number of dioceses, November, 1868, 39; bishops, 47; bishops elect, 2; priests and deacons, 2,687; whole number of clergy, 2.736; parishes, 2,472; ordinations, 206; candidates for orders, 331; churches consecrated, 88; baptisms of infants, 26,835, of adults. 7,067, not stated. 1,800; total baptisms, 35,702; confirmations, 21,958; colnmunticanits, increase in 27 dioceses during past year, 14,365; present number, 194,692; marriages, 9,945; burials, 15,346; Sunday school teachers, 21,711; scholars, 194,046; contributions, $4,457.888.28. Other Anglican Churches. The number of bishops and clergymen of the other branches of the Anglican Churches is as follows: The Establisheld Chtrch of Etielaizd and Ireanzd, and the Scotch Episcopalt Cl?trch. England (including the two archbishops of Canterbury and York), 28 bishops, about 19,000 clergy; Ireland (including the two archbishops of Armagh and Dublin), 12 bishops, about 2,200 clergy; Scotland, 8 bishops, about 162 clergy; the Colonies (ilncluding India, Melanesia and Sandwich Islands), 51 bishops, about 2,000 clergy; retired bishops, 6: total, 105 bishops, 23,362 clergy. In England there are 5,764,543 Church sittings; in Scotland, 165 churches and 94 schools. Ill England, it is estimated that front 60 to 70 per cent. of the total population belong to the EstaIi)lished Church. In Ireland, the Established Church embraced a population, according to the census of 1861, of 693,357. The membership of the Scotch is estimated at 1i per cent. of the population. Baptists. The Baptists are divided into a number of denominations; the following are the most important: Regular Baptists in America. The following showvs the number of Regular Baptists in the United States in 1866, as published by the Baptist Almanac for 1868: S tbe.States. M Members. States. Me me s. e e Alabama, 1860.......... 61,219 Louisiana, 1860......... 10,264 Ohio................. 33.8i,9 Arkansas, 1860.........11,341 Maine..................19.870 Oregon................ 1.08?! California.............. 1,991 Maryland.............. 4,348 Pennsylvania.......... 47.700 Connecticut............18,447 Massachusetts.........37,948 Rhode Island.......... 8.537 Delaware............... 609 Michigan..............15.378 South Carolina, 1860.. 62,9i8 District of Columbia... 2,102 Minnesota.............. 3434 Tennessee 1860....... 46,564 Florida, 1860........... 6,463 Mississippi, 1860.......41,610 Texas................ 19,09 Georgia 1860...........84 567 Missouri............... 44.877 Vermont.............. 7,714 Illinoi............46,129 Nebraska, 1815.......... 217 Virginia..............116,526 Indiana................29,103 New Hampshire........ 7,718 West Virginia....... 12,74 Indian Territory, 1860.. 4,300 New Jersey............21,094 Wisconsin............ 8,891 Iowa...................14,377 New Mexico, 1864...... 49 Germ. & Dutch Clhurch 3,896 Kansas, 1865........... 1119 New York..............91,928 Swedish Churches..... 600 Kentucky, 1865........ 81,631 North Carolina, 1860...60,532 Welsh Churches, 1860.. 1,400 Total...........................................................................1,09,806 The total number of ministers (reported at the dates above given in the several states) is 8,346, and of baptisms, 92,075. The number of Associations was 609, of churches, 12,955. The number in British America is as follows: Assoc. Churches. Members. Assoc. Churches. Members. Nova Scotia............155..16,308 Canada..............11.... 275....15.0)91 New Brunswick......2.... 119.... 8,755 West India Islands.. 4... 101....22,261 Grand total in North America................................ 22 650 62,415 These provinces report 444 ministers and 2,036 baptisms. Free TTll Baptists it the United States and Butish Asnerica. This denomination held in 1867, 29 yearly meetings and 148 quarterly meetings. It nulnl.ered 1.276 Churches, 1,100 ordained preachers, and 59,211 communicants. At the Triennial Convention held in 1868, several associations of "General Baptists" united with this denomination, increasing the membership to 63.543. Other Baptist Denominations of America. The statistics of the other Baptist bodies in Amer ica are reported by the "' Baptist Almanac for 1868," as follows; Members. Members. Anti-Mission Baptists............105.)000 Church of God (Winebrenarians).. 32,o0t) Free-Will Baptists..................... 56,258 Disciples (Cainpbellites)........... 500,000 Six-Principle Baptists, 1860........ 3,000 Tunkers, 1860...................... 20,000 Seventh-Day Baptists.............. 7,038 Mennonites, 1860.................. 36,280 These denominations together have 5,022 ministers. lS09.] 617 Baptists in Great Britain. In April, 1866, 2.023 churches reported 209,773 members; but 400 small churches are still unreported. The following statistics of other Baptists in Great Britain are given by the census of 1851: In England. Churches. Sittings. In England. Churehes. Sittings. General Baptists............92......20,539 Scottish Baptists (in Eng.). 15...... 2,547 Seventh-Day Baptists.......3...... 390 Baptists in Scotlatnd.......119......26,076 New connect. Gen. Bapt...182......52,064 The annual meeting of the Christian (Campbellite) Churches of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, which was held at Nottingham in August, 1866, reported the membership of the Churches represented as 4,607. Baptists on the Coitiiien! of Eurole. The membership of the Baptist Churches in the countries of the European continent was, in 1867, as follows: Members. Members. Members. France................. 358 Holland.............. 52 Poland............. 312 Germany..............11,804 Switzerland............ 292 Russia................. 857 Denmark...............1,726 France (Germ. miss.).. 96 Sweden................ 6,875 1,726 Fac Gr.ms.. 6See........68i Total...............................................................................22,462 Asia and Australia. The Asiatic Missions in Burmah and the neighboring kingdoms, Siam, and China, embrace about 16,000 members. The latest statistics give 3,424 Baptists in South Australia, and 9,601 in Victoria. Congregationalisats. Congregationalists in Amesrica. The statistics of Congregationalism in America were, at the beginning of the year 1869, as follows: States. Members. States. Members. Alabama...........................25 North Carolina California........................ 1,990' Ohio.............................15,172 Colorado..................... 105 Oregon........................... 413 Connecticut...................... 48,599 Pennsylvania...................... 3,404 Dakotah........................ 14 Rhode Island...................... 3,835 District of Columbia.............. 247 South Carolina.................... 214 Georgia...................... 91 Tennessee.................... 126 Illinois.................... 17,877 Texas........................ 22 Indiana.......................... 931 Utah Territory.................... 18 Iowa.............................. 8,828 Vermont..........................18,328 Kansas...1,434..Virginia...................... 44 Louisiana........................ 28 Washington Territory............. 24 Maine.............................19,871 Wisconsin........................ 10,599 Maryland.......................... 73 Massachusetts.....................79,526 Total United States........291,042 Michigan..........................10,123 Ontario and Quebec............. 4,253 Minnesota......................... 2,751 New Brunswick................. 383 Missouri................... 1,505 Nova Scotia..................... 545 Nebraska.................... -271 Jamaica.......................... 451 New Hampshire...................18,201 New Jersey....................... 1,642 Total in America.......... 296,674 New York.............2.......24,711 Total in 1867..........28.....,587. The number of absent members in the United States was 34,915; in all America, 35,396 (against 34,372 in 1867). Total number of ministers in the United States, 3,070; in all America, 3,156; number of pupils in Sunday schools in United States, 339,205; in all America, 346,766. Caongregationalisn in England and the English Colonies. The Congregationalists in Great Britain and the British Colonies are commonly called Independents. There were, in 1867, in Great Britain and her dependencies, 3,,330 Independent Churches, with 1,613 out-stations and missionrooms, under the superintendence of 2,876 Independent ministers, whose labors are supplemented by 2,326 evangelists and lay preachers. The denomination has 76 associations and unions, 27 colleges and institutes, with 386 students under training for ministerial and missionary work. The Friends. In the United States, the Friends number 100,000, belonging to 8 Yearly Meetings. A Yearly Meeting has also recently been organized in Canada. The separate organization of the "Hicksite" (Liberal) Friends numbers about 10,000 members in 6 Yearly Meetings. The Friends in England numbered in 1867,13,786 members. Lutherans. Lutherans in the United States. The Lutherans in the United States belong to four different groups, namely: Synods connected with the General Synod, Synods connected with the General Council, Synods connected with the (Southern) General Synod of North America, and independent Synods. The statistics of these four groups, in 1868, were as follows: 618 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD. I. SYNODS CONNECTED WITH THE GENERAL SYNOD OF THE UNITED STATES. Synsi. Communicants. Synods. Communicants. 1. Synod of New York................ 1,642 12. Melancthon Synod, (Md.)............. 3,'55 2. Haitwick Synod, (N.Y.)............. 4,109 13. East Ohio Synod.................... 3,8:38 3. Franckean:Synod, (N. Y.).......... 2,479 14. Wittenberl Synod (Ohio)............3,678 4. Synod of New Jersey............... 1,697 15. Miami Synod, (Ohio)................ 3,405 5. Synod of East Pennsylvania........13,034 16. Synod of Northern Indiana.......... 3,415 6. Susquehanla Synod, (Penn.)........ 4,661 17. Olive Branch Synod (Ind.)......... 1,576 7. Synod of West Pennsylvania........12,416 18. Synod of Northern Illinois.......... 2,105 8. Synod of Central Pennsylvania...... 4,825 19. Synod of Southern Illinois.......... 817 9. Alleghany Synod (Penn.)............ 6,734 20. Synod of Central Illinois............ 1,410 10. Pittshbtrg Synod (Penn.)............. 1,756 21. Synod of Iowa...................... 1,171 11. Synod of Maryland.................. 8,347 86,'70 II. SYNODS OF THE "GENERAL COUNCIL." Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants. 1. New York Ministeriim..............12,000 7. Synod of Wisconsin.................12,750 2. Synod of Pennsylvania...............50,000 8. Synod of Michigan.................. 3,035 3. Pittsburg Synod, (Penn.)............. 9,000 9. Synod of Iowa...................... 7,000 4. Eng. Dist. Synod of Joint S'dof Ohio.10,000 10. Synod of Minnesota................ 3,000 5. English Synod of Ohio............... 2,500 11. Scandinavian Augiustana Synod.....11,800 6. Synod of Illinois.......................... 5,000 12. Synod of Canada.................... 7,211 13.,296 III. SYNODS CONNECTED WITH THE (SOUTHERN) GENERAL SYNOD OF NORTH AHMERICA. Synods. Communicants. Sysods. Communicants. 1. Synod of Virginia...................... 3,200 4. Synod of South Carolina............ 4,817 2. Synod of South-West Virginia....... 2,179 5. Synod of Georgia.................... 1,200 3. Synod of North Carolina............. 3,716 6. Iolston Synod (Tenn.)............... 2,000 17,112 IV. SYNODS NOT CONNECTED WITH ANY GENERAL SYNOD OR GENERAL COUNCIL. Synods. Communiants. Synods. Communicants. 1. Joint Synod of Ohio............30,500 7. Buffalo Synod, (N.Y.)............... 5,000 2. Joint Synod of Missouri.............39,000 8. German Synod of New York........ 1,800 3. Norwegian Synod, (Wis. etc.)........20,000 9. Synod of Mississippi................ 2,000 4. Tennessee Synod.................... 5,800 10. Missionary Synod of the West......700 5. Elison's Synod....................... 2,000 11. Concordia Synod of Virinia........ 1,000 6. Union Synod, (Ind.).................. 2,210 12. Synod of Texas..................... 2,800 112.910 Grand Total-51 Synods, 1,792 Ministers, 3,182 Churches, 350,088 Communicants. Lutherans in Europe. In Prussia and a number of other States the Lutherans and the Reformed churches have been fused into the "United Evangelical Church." The Lutheran element prevails in the Protestant State Church of nearly every German State. In Wiirtemberg, the greater part of Bavaria, Hanover, Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg, the principalities of Reuss and Schwarzburg, the union of Lutherans and Reformed has not been introduced, and nearly the whole Protestant population belongs to the Lutheran Church. The Lutheran Church is the State Church in all the Scandinavian States-Sweden, Norway and Denmark, and nearly the whole population belongs to it. Austria has 1,218,750 Lutherans. France has 44 consistories and 232 parishes. The Lutheran population is about 500,000, mostly in the Alsace. In Russia the Lutheran Church is the predominant church in the Baltic provinces and in Finland. The Lutheran population of Poland is 382,000, and of Finland 1,787,000. In Holland there are two organizations of Lutherans; one, the "Evangelical Lutheran," has a population of about 66,000; the other, the "Reformed Lutheran," ninunbers about 10,000. Lutherans in Asia, Africa and Australia. The Lutherans sustain missions in India, China, and several parts of Africa. Thereare about 10,000 Lutherans and German Protestants in Victoria, and a number in the other Australian Colonies. Methodists. The Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States. At the close of the year 1868, the Methodist Episcopal Church had the following membership: Conferenes. Members. Conferenoes. Members. Conforenoes Members. Alabama.......... 11,554 Colorado.............. 561 Erie..............32,881 Baltimore..............17,735 Delaware........... 9,801 Genesee............... 9,679 Black River.......... 22,197 Des Moines............14.77-1 Georgia............. 15,1,4 California............... 6,185 Detroit................20,596 Gcrmany & Switzerland 6,34 Central German........ 9,891 East Baltimore.........42,312 Holston.............. 25,723 Central Illinois........22,385 East Genesee..........24,232 Illinois........... 34,675 Central Ohio.......... 19,094 East German........... 2.805 Indiana.............. 28,276 Cincinnati.......... 30,025 East Maine............11,717 India Mission.......... 550 Iowa.................. 20,522 New York............. 39,895 South East Indiana....22,839 619 1869.] THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Conferences. Members. Conferences. Members. Conferences. Members Kansas................ 9,184 New York East........ 37,372 Southern Illinois.......24,788 Kentucky............ 17,350 North Indiana......... 32,830 South West German... 7,729 Liberia, Miss.......... 1,830 North Ohio..,218,923 Tennessee............. 9,474 Maine.................13,124. North WestGerman 7....,071 Texas Mission......... 3,391 Michigan..............21,048 North West Indiana....20063 Troy..............28,610 Minnesota.............10,160 Ohio...................33,814 Upper Iowa............18,066 Mississippi, Miss......16,164 Oneida................19,348 Vermont..........13,.909 Missouri and Arkansas.25,746 Oregon............... 4,505 Virs,inia & N. Carolina. 2,756 Nebraska...........2,286 Philadelphia...........59,760 Washington Miss......21 036 Nevada........... 448 Pittsbur,h.............48,478 West Virginia..........27,959 Newark................ 29.308 Providelnce............18,054 West Wisconsin.......12,167 New Enliand........ 23.178 Rock River............21,143 Wisconsin.....12,708 New Hampshire........12,650 South Carol., Miss.....18,200 Wyoming..............17,844 New Jersey......... 30,272 Total.................................................... 1,255,115 Total ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1,255,115 Last Year..........................................................................1,146,081 Increase........................................................... 1..................09,034 The number of Annual Conferences in 1868, was 71, an increase of four over 1867. The following is a summary of other important statistics: Bishops, 9; traveling preachers, 8,481; local preachers, 9,899; total preachers, 18.370; members in full coinnection, 1,060,265; members on probation, 194,850; total lay members, 1,255,115; adult baptisms, 67,06(5; iiifanlt baptisms, 46,207: total baptisms, 113,272; number of churches, 11,692; number of parsonages, 3,810; value of church edifices, $41,692,922; value of parsonages, $6,275,979; value of churches and parsonages, $47,970,501; nuliber of Sunday schools, 15,885; Sunday school teachers, 181,666; Sunday school scholars, 1 145 167: benevolent collections, $909,962. AMethodist Episcopal Church South. The latest statistics published by this Church are for the year 1867, when the membership of the Annual Conference was as follows: Conferences. Memberss.coference. Members. Conferences. Members. 1. Baltimore..........17,155 11. Louisiana.......... 9,978 21. Little Rock....... 9,073 2. Virginia...........37,497 12. Mississippi........19,043 22. Indian Mission..... 1,788 3. West Virginia..... 6,731 13. Memphis...........39,085 283. Texas.............. 4,543 4. North Caiolina..... 35,104 14. Tennessee.........40,800 24. Trinity............. 8,257 5. South Carolina.....47,078 15. Holston............25,965 25. East Texas......... 7,107 6. North Geor-ia......45,387 16. Kentucky..........15,583 26. Northwest Texas.. 4,731 7. South Georgia...... 26,869 17. Louisville.......... 2,689 27. West Texas........ 3,486 8. Florida............ 6,386 18. St. Louis.......... 12,688 28. Columbia.......... 758 9. Montgomery.......31,228 19. Missouri.......... 14,300 29. Pacific.............. 2,642 10. Mobile............ 22,577 20. Arkansas.......... 13,951 30. Illinois............. 2,561 Total in 1867............................................................. 535,040 Total in 1866........................................................ 505,101 Increase............................................................................. 29,93.) The number of white members in 1867, was 472,484 (increase over preceding year, 53,080); number of colored members, 54,172 (decrease during the year, 24,570); number of Indian members, 1,851. The Church has 9 bishops, 2,389 traveling preachers, and 3,952 local preachers. The Africea Methodist Episcopal Church, and the African Methodist Episcoal Zion Churce. The former body has 560 traveling preachers, 15,000 local preachers, 200,000 members; the latter has 694 traveling preachers, 164,000 members. The Methodist Church and Metwhodist Protestants. In 1866, the Northern Conferences of the Methodist Protestants held a "Union Convention," the object of which was to effect a unionI between non-Episcopal Methodists. The name of the new body was to be simply the "Methodist Church." But this plan of union was repudiated by all save the Methodist Protestants and the new " Methodist Church" which is substantially identical with the former Methodist Pros testant Conferences of the Northern States. The Methodist Church has now 624 traveling preachers, 444 local preachers, 49,030 members. In the Southern States, the old name of "Methodist Protestants" has been retained, and the Methodist Protestant Church now reports 423 traveling preachers, and 72,000 members. Other Alethodist Bodies in the United States. The Evangelical Association had, in 1868,15 Conferences, 500 traveling preachers, 377 local preachers, and 62,344 members. The Wesleyan Connection has about 250 miiiisters and 20,000 members. The Free Methodists have 85 ministers and 4,889 members. The Primitive Methodists have 20 traveling preachers and 2,000 members. Other Parts of Ame-ica. The Methodist Episcopal Church has a mission in the Argentine Republic, with 171 members. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Canada has 216 traveling 620 [1869. RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD. preachers and 15,741 members. All the other Methodist bodies in British America and in Hayti are in connection with the English Methodist Denominations. Altogether, the nnmber of Methodists in America ontside of the United States is about 150,000. The A[sUio(1ist Deicteninatotei its in Europe, Asia, Africic ae(1 Auctialia. The Wesicyan Church, of England, had in 1868, 367,306 members in Great Britain: 20,299 in Irelatid and Irish missiotis, and 68,741 in ioreign missions. Adding the French, Australasian, Canada and Eastern British American Conferences which are in connection with the Church, the Church has a total member The other Methodist bodies in England are, Primitive Methodists, 159,798; New Connection Methodists, 82,486; United Free Church Methodists, 08,478; Bible Christians, 26,275; Calvittistic Methodists, 58,577; Wesleyan Reform Union, 9,428; Church Methodists in Ireland 9,158. The number of Methodists in France is 2,063: in Germany and Switzerland, 12,092; in Gibraltar and Malta, 51; in Denmark, Sweden and Norway, 769; in India and Ceylon, 2,973; in China, 1,271; in Africa, 42,193; in Australia and Polynesia, 61,081. The total number of the members of all thu Mcthodist denominations was, in 1868, about 3,400,000. Moravians. The Church is divided into four provinces, which, in 1867, reported the fol Pocoinoes commontoanta Total. Protintes Communicant, Total. American, Northern....5,068....7,093 British..............5,479......86 18o9. Southern ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~-~.....,5.. 552 Cotnna Euoe...-16.. v,0 In connection with the Foreign Missions, are 70,311. New Jerusalem Church (Swedenborgians). This Church has in the United States 9 Associations, which are united in a " General Convention," meeting annually. The number of organized societies is 67. In England, Holland and Ireland, 56 societies are in connection with the "General Conference," and 10 societies not in full connection. Presbyterians. Old School Presbyterians int the Untited States. The Statistics reported in May, 1868, are as follows: Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants. Albany............1....0,5 Kansas................ 1,013 Pacific............. 1,834 Alleghany.............13,434 Kentucky...........6..,811 Philadelphia.......... 28,502 Baltiore..............15,768 Missouri............... 6,457 Pittsburgh............ 19,565 Buffalo................ 5,1 Nashville............. 706 St. Paul............... 1,694 Chicago............... 8,173 New Jersey............ 28,140 Sandusky.............. 3,690 Cincinnati.............11,683 New York.............22,441 Southern Iowa......... 4,465 Illinois................10,076 Northern India*........ 352 Wheeling..............17,939 Indiana................ 7,213 Northern Indiana...... 6,485 Wisconsin............. 3,209 Iowa....... 4,858 Ohio...................11,941 Total...........................................................252,555 Total.... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~252,555 The tnumber of Synods is 26; Presbyteries, 142; Licentiates, 223; Candidates, 326; Ministers, 2,,'30; Churches, 2,737; Contrilbutions for Church Purposes, $4,289,595. New Sclwol Presbyteianis. In May, 1868, the following statistics were reported: Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communicants. Albaniy................ 8,354 West Pennsylvania.... 3,953 Peoria................. 7,221 Utica.............. 7,302 Michigan..............11.030 Wisconsin................ 1.868 Onondaoga.............. 9,555 Western Reserve....... 6,716 Iowa.............. 3,108 Geneva................ 9,702 Ohio................... 4,499 Minnesota............. 1,956 Stisquiehanna........... 3,521 Cincinnati.4112 Missouri.............. 2,123 Genesee........... 14,149 Wabash................ 3,293 Tennessee.......... 2,707 New York & N. Jersey.33,886 Indiana................ 5,08 Alta California......... 1,327 Pennsylvania..........17,239 Illinois................ 6307 Total............................................................................. 168,932 The number of Synods is 23; Presbyteries, 111; Ministers, 1,800; Churches, 1590. Uriiteed Presbyterians in the United States. In May, 1868, the following statistics were reported: Synods. Communicants. Synods. Communic ants Synods. Communicantns New York........... 13,814 2d of the West......... 8.091 MissionaryPresbyteries 1st of the West........13,120 Illinois................ 70,14 (Egypt, Ore,,on, Seal Pittsbuirgh..........12,660 Iowa................... 4,290 kote)............... 456 Ohio........... 6,117 Total............................................................65,612 The Church has missions in Trinidad, Syria, India, Egypt, China and Italy. The United Pres byterian Church arose out of a union of the Associate and the Associate Reformed Churches. A part of these organizations refused to join the Union. They now constitute the' Associate Reformed Synod of New York," which has 16 ministers and 1,631 communicants, and the "As sociate Synod of North America,' which has 11 ministers and 778 communicants. There is, besides. the "Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church South," which has been separated from the northern organizations in consequence of the Slavery question. It has 68 ministers. *Missionary Station. 621 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOO-K AID REGISTER. The (Sothern) Presbyterian Church. The statistics, according to the minutes of the General Assembly of 1868, are as follows: Synods in connection with the General Assembly, 10; Pres byteries, 48; ministers and licentiates, 837; Churches, 1,309; members added on examination, 2,857; members added on certificate, 1,411; total number of communicants, 76,949. Chmberland Presbyterians. This Church had, in 1868, 25 synods, 1,200 ministers, and 125,000 communicants. Refowied Presbyterians. Of these there are two organizations; the one called the Old Side' or the General Synod, the other the New Side or the Synod. The former in 1868, had 8 Presbyteries, 77 ministers, with a membership of 8,487. The latter had 63 ministers and 5,821 communicants. Presbyterians in Great Britain and the Briti.sh Colonies. The main branches of Presbyterian ism in Great Britain are the following: " The Church of Scotland," which is the State Church in Scotland, has 16 Synods, 84 Presbyteries and 1,243 congregations; "The Free Church of Scot land" has 16 Synods, 71 Presbyteries, 861 churches, 3 theological schools with 226 students; "The United Presbyterian Church" has 31 Presbyteries in England and Scotland, 584 Minis ters, 596 Churches, and (1868), 176,391 communicants; "The Reformed Presbyterian Synod" (Cameronians) has 6 Presbyteries, 45 churches, 2 Professors in Divinity, 41 ministers, and (1868), 6,516 members; "The Presbyterian Seceders" have 4 Presbyteries, and 25 congregations: "The Presbyterian Church in England" has 7 Presbyteries, 119 congregations and 20,782 coinm municants; "The Presbyterian Church in Ireland" has 50 ministers, and 60 churches. The largest of these denominations have branches in Canada, Australia and other colonies. Reformed Churches. Reformned Churches in the United States. Of these there are two, the one formerly called the "Reformed Dutch Church," but since 1867, simply the "Reformed Church," the second called the "German Reformed Church." The Reformed Church, in 1868, reported: Ministers, 469; candidates, 7; families, 37,090; members added on confession, 3,705; members added on certificate, 2,294; total number in communion, 59,508; infants baptized, 3,843; total number of S. S. scholars, 47,981; amount con tributed for religious and benevolent purposes, $204,492.93. The statistics of the German Reformed Church were in January, 1869, reported as follows: Synods, 3; classes, 31; ministers, 505; congregations, 1,181; members, 115,483; Sunday school scholars, 44,435. Reform,ed Churches in Euirope and Africa. In Holland, the Reformed Church is the State church, and has about 1,800,000 members. There is in the same country, a Free Reformed Church, with about 70,000 members. In Switzerland, the Reformed Church is the State church of all the Protestant Cantons, and nearly the whole Protestant population (about 1,400,000) belongs to it. In some Cantons, (as Vaud, Geneva), there are Free Reformed Churches beside the National Churches. In Germany, the Reformed Church has been nearly absorbed by the United Evangelical Church. The Reformed Church of France, which received support from the state, has 1,045 congregations. In Russia, a population of about 200,000, and in Austria, a population of about 1,900,000 are connected with the Reformed Churches. In Belgium there are about 12 Reformed Congregations. In the Transvaal Republic, and Orange Free State, in Africa, the Dutch Reformed church is the State Church, and it has also numerous adherents in the Cape Colony. Unitarians. Unitarians in the United States. The "Year-book of the Unitarian Congregational Churches" for 1869, gives a list of 315 societies and of,383 ministers. Within two years, 51 Unitarian churches have been built, enlarged or otherwise improved. No statistics of membership are given. There is also an organization of German Unitarians in the United States. Unzitarians in Europe. In England, there are about 300 Unitarian ministers who have charge of congregations. In Ireland there are three Presbyterian bodies, which are regarded as Unitarians. In the Austrian province of Transylvania; the Unitarians have a population of 50,000. United Brethren in Christ. According to the Almanac of this denomination, for 1869, it now has 5 bishops, 1,334 meeting houses, 25 parsonages, 864 itinerant preachers, 4,618 preaching places, 3,663 societies, 108,122 members, 2,268 Sunday schools, and 106,002 Sunday-school scholars. The amount raised for church purposes, was $526,000. United Evangelical Church. This is the State Church in Pruissia, and a number of the smaller German States. It arose in 1817 out of a union of Lutherans and Reformed. Universalists. Universalists in the United States. According to the "Universalist Register" for 1869, there were 6 Associations in Maine, 3 in New Hampshire, 5 in Vermont, 6 in Massachusetts, 1 in Rhode Island, 3 in Connecticut, 16 in New York, 6 in Pennsylvania, 14 in Ohio, 4 in Michigan, 6 in Indiana, 6 in Illinois, 3 in Wisconsin, and 3 in Iowa. The number of societies reported is about 792. No statistics of membership are given. Universalists in Etrope. In 1860, 3 Universalist Congregations were reported in England. [1869. 622 PART V. MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. THE PROGRESS OF AGRICUILTURE. BY N. C. MEEKER. Il the earliest ages men did not live by cultivating the soil. It is true that our first parents, for a limited period, engaged in this pursuit, but it was not in the sense we now speak of cultivation, for they were without experience, skill or implements. What their actual condition was is uncertain, and it can never be ascertained unless we reason from analogy and by the help of more light than we think we possess. It is certain that their immediate descendants led a pastoral life, and their food was milk and flesh, and such vegetable productions as grow without cultivation. In making the soil yield bread, decision of character and prophetic views are required which men cannot possess in a natural state, and, besides, to cultivate the soil requires some progress in the mechanic arts, for without implements for inverting and stirring the soil, bread cannot be grown. Mechanical skill and agriculture therefore must grow up together. In an uncivilized nation agriculture cannot be far advanced, nor, on the other hand, can civilization progress if agriculture is neglected. A more helpless being than man without tools cannot exist; with tools, none is more powerful. Naked, and with empty hands man was placed on this earth, and long dreary years must have elapsed before even rude implements for working thie soil were constructed. Some have conveyed the idea that the early European race was more favored, but the contrary is proved by recent discoveries. Some lakes in Switzerland being drained, have brought to light rude hovels with articles of domestic nature, and the implements which were used for defence and for obtaining food were all of stone. Ill Denmark, also, discoveries of similar relics, have been made, all of which prove that the principal food was derived from the waters and the forests. This, the age of stone, dates back 4,000 years ago. Following, came the age of bronze, in which implements were made of copper and tin. Then came the age of iron, which in Central Europe was not much before the Christian Era. Even after iron w.as discovered, whenever it might have been, a long period m u st have passed before much skill in forging and welding it was acquired By inductive reasoning an account of the progress in working iron could be constructed which would be near the actual t ruth. Surprising as it may seem, it is a fact that during the classic and historic ages, and up to modern times, even, in some degree to our own age, the art of working iron was im 623 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. partially understood unless in the making of deadly weapons, while casting hollow ware was unknown. This is to say, during a period of more than 3,000 years, scarcely any progress was made with regard to agricultural implements in which iron or steel was used, and so little had been done up to the time of our own Revolution, even by the most civilized nations, that they were at the time upon a level with the Turks and Hindoos. In the Agricultural Rooms of the State Society at Albany, is a most re markable collection of plows from different parts of the world. Among these are some which were in use in this country less than fifty years ago, and they show that our cultivation at the time could not have been much better than the cultivation of semi-barbarous nations. Within fifty years plows have been improved more than they had been improved for many thousand years before. It is noted also, that within this period there has been an equal improvement in all the mechanic arts. The first progress of mechanism was undoubtedly in constructing some agricultural implement, for there must have been a stepping stone for a beginning. The use of the new implement resulted in making labor lighter, and in giving much more bread than by any other means, which freed some one from the necessity of constantly seeking for food, and it gave time and opportunity for a few to think. This prepared the way for another to construct, not perhaps an agricultural tool, for the list has been very small, but one for working wood, that there might be a better roof and closer walls to keep out the storms, giving dignity to the barbaric family. When the first implement increased the supply of bread and permitted some one to think, civilization faintly dawned. This may seem an insignificant cause, but even now, complicated as society has become,-it can be seen that mechanism is the right hand of agriculture, and that upon the two civilization is founded. Originally, seeds of grain, vegetables, and fruit must have been preserved a long time in a few favored spots, in remote sunny valleys, in mountain glades, or on islands difficult to approach. It is true that in later ages many varieties have been derived by long and patient labors from those which were growing wild, but these had degenerated, for we must not say that the original were imperfect, since if this were so, the first people had no other food than barbarians. In passing from places where seeds had been preserved, into savage lands, they progressed slowly, and at the rate of ten or twenty miles a year, crossing rivers and mountains, and were received in rude hovels, or perhaps in the abode of a chieftain with wonder, and perhaps with suspicion. Tools of some kind, must have accompanied seeds; these might have been of stone or bronze, and after grain had been grown, domestic animals were introduced but not before, except in regions where the natural grasses furnished feed. This, however, could have only been in a semi-tropical climate, where feed for animals could be found in winter. In forests, domestic animals and iron were introduced about the same time. It is a singular historical fact, that when iron was introduced among the savages of Europe, it made its way slowly, for it was looked upon with suspicion. They who 624 [1869. PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE. protested most against its use were the priests, and it was a long time after the people adopted it before the priests would allow it to enter their places of worship, which were places also for the sacrifice, of human beings. Why, after seeds and iron were introduced so many ages, and some of them so remote as to be buried in oblivion, passed without perceptible progress not only in Asia but in Europe, was due to political and religious tyranny, pressing upon the laboring people and wringing from their industry all but what was required to sustain life. To keep the laborer dependent, he was never allowed to be an owner of the soil; as a consequence, his occupation and all the industries connected with it were looked upon as degrading, and the only pursuits which were honored were those by which man was oppressed, defrauded or destroyed. It was not until America was discovered that a way was opened for the laborer to own land, and upon this basis free government and religious toleration have been established. The first efforts in agriculture were made in alluvial valleys or on rich sandy soil, which were cropped until exhausted, when new grounds were sought and the exhaustion repeated. Only by degrees and at a considerable later period were the clays cultivated, for they were too stubborn, and man himself was too timorous, ignorant and weak, to make them yield a return for his labors. It was not until the ox and horse were brought into subjection and made to draw the plow that cultivation was extended beyond the alluvial soils. And yet, the advantages of an agricultural over a savage life in those early days were so few that progress was slow. Forced to abide near streams for the cultivation and protection of their crops, and living in dwellings which abounded with vermin; malarious diseases were common, and the miseries of the people must have been extreme. Ignorant, unclean and superstitious, subject to attacks from robbers, and oppressed by chieftains, a wild wandering life often must have presented greater attractions. Nothing could hold an agricultural community together but the bravery and skill of the chief, who, as the price of his protection demanded homage, and rent in kind, and thus kings and governments were established. During the long periods in which man cultivated the soil and yet was a semi-barbarian, so little knowledge was gained of best methods of cultivation and so insufficient were the implements that crops were taken only from the surface. Had cultivation been as deep as at the present day, population would have increased so much that the soil of the old world would have been exhausted long ago, and become a desert. Even now, on classic and historic ground the same superficial cultivation is continued, and a rich soil underneath has been preserved to be found by other and worthier races. The North American Indians belonged to the age of stone, and were preparing to enter the age of bronze, for to a slight extent they had begun to use copper. The Indians cultivated the soil only to a limited extent, and the labor was done by their women. Everywhere the weak have been forced to work for the strong. Their chief, and perhaps their only crops were corn and tobacco, growing on the bottoms of streams where grass does not naturally start. The sod of the rich prairies presented so many difficulties that 40 1869.] 625 they did not undertake to subdue it. They had no animals of any kind, and it is to be noted that when Europeans introduced them the Indians saw no inducements to use them. Even now, after great efforts have been made to civilize some tribes, they take little advantage of animals, but seek rather, and in a natural order, a pastoral life, and they care for cattle that they may have their flesh. Nor do they attach much value to milk, as one might suppose, all of which shows that man will advance only by slow and progressive steps. The Indian race, then would appear to be so young as not yet to contain those accumulations of human effort which mark the European race, and they seem about equally advanced with the people who lived in Central Europe 2000 years before the Christian Era. These things are said of man as a cultivator in a temperate climate and on favorable soil. In warm climates, food sufficient to sustain life is obtained with so little effort that he is not obliged to make the successive steps which lead to civilization. Hence, man's successive stages of development will be such, and only such, as the climate and soil compel him to make. A race may be very old in a warm climate, and yet not be so far advanced as a younger race in a cold one. When we speak of young and of old races, we refer to those periods of time when men became possessed of the peculiar characteristics which separate them into distinct bodies, which we call races, whatever may have been the cause, and whatever the periodism in which these causes operated. Besides, with reference to a warm climate, it is in few or no respects favorable for bringing the human race beyond a certain point, for the reason that the heat has such an effect upon the soil as to make it incapable of producing such food as contributes to develop the higher qualities. It does not produce grass which is more important than any other crop, and the small grains from which bread is made are grown with the greatest difficulty. Nor does it produce the more important vegetables, while it has no fruit of equal value With the apple. The warm climate is simply favorable for the growth of man in the early stages, and at a time when he would perish if he were not assisted by nature; but after he outgrows such need, he must seek the regions of snow and ice to be scourged into activity through a long series of years. Dreadful as war is, it is as old as the race. Commencing among kinsmen and neighbors, with or without cause, spreading as nations spread, the weaker were pushed into forests and across rivers and mountains where food was so scarce that multitudes perished, and only those survived who had strength and skill to discover new methods by which life could be sustained. Dark were the faces of the exiles with rage, as they thought of the warm valleys whence they were driven, but the frosts of the mountains and the ice in the rivers brought before them new enemies which they must conquer or die. Cruel as seemed the destiny, they led on the way to the discovery that the soil of a cold climate has greater capabilities of sustaining life than a warm one; that its food is more varied and nourishing; fruit is more sprightly and enduring, and that in grass is a greater value than all the productions ripened by a tropical sun. 626 THE AM[ERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE. The system of farming common among the people of Western Asia, and among the Greeks and Romans, was without change worthy of note, until after the age of King John who granted the Great Charter, when the small farm system began to be established, particularly in England. Afterwards, the influence of the Reformation was felt in giving the common people dignity, when farm productions became more varied, and food more abundant. By 1620 the middle class of England had become industrious and intelligent, and owned the land they worked. They were the noblest class England ever had. They were called Yeomen. From 1620 to 1820 there was little progress in farming, but there had been immense advance in religious liberty, in learning, and in the acquirement and investigation of the rights of the common people. These prepared the way for the discovery of many new methods for abbreviating labor, by means of inventions, and among these none has produced such powerful results as the introduction of the cast iron plow. This is generally considered an American invention, and it was quickly adopted in all civilized nations. Shortly after, two agricultural papers were published monthly, and though they were barely supported, they had immense influence upon the farming community and particularly upon legislators and leading men. Since then their number has steadily increased, and now a greater number of copies of agricultural papers are circulated than at the commencement of the century were circulated of all other kinds of papers then printed in the world. Combining, as most of them do, moral instruction, their influence upon the people is destined to produce the most important results. Meanwhile, agricultural machinery, in the greatest variety, has been invented and brought into use, and it may be said to perform as much labor as a million of able-bodied men. Through this means capital has rapidly accumulated among the common people; they have been enabled to build comfortable and even elegant dwellings, and to furnish them in good style, while the food of the family is abundant and often choice. There are also means for educating the young people, and at last, the distance between the laborer and a station of honor and profit is short. Perhaps nothing has contributed more to establish this condition, than the application of many inventions of the mechanic and machinist, as exhibited in the railway, by which means all kinds of farm products are transported great distances, and better prices are now obtained in the interior than formerly were received at the centers of commerce. Fruit growing has kept full pace with all other pursuits, and there are in America more acres in nursery stock than were devoted to orchards in the whole world when Rome was in its greatest grandeur; for fruit then was little grown by the common people; it was seldom found except in the gardens of the wealthy; the quality was inferior and the varieties were few. Of grapes, however, the supplies were abundant, but only in limited regions, for the space within which this fruit flourishes is insignificant when compared with the space suited to producing bread. Fruit will not be grown in times of dissention and war; naturally, it is a product of peace, and in those countries only where labor is rewarded-and the rights of indi 109.] 627 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. viduals respected. The extent to which fruit is grown in any country indi cates how much liberty is enjoyed, and how much intelligence the people possess. In England more fruit was raised two hundred years ago than now, for then each yeoman, living on a small farm of his own, cultivated fruit of all kinds, and in the aggregate the amount was large. When the yeomen removed to America, their lands were united to large farms, and when the orchards decayed, there was no one interested in replanting them, for only one family owning the soil, was to be supplied. For the same reasons such productions as eggs, poultry, honey, and feathers, which once were in full sup ply, now are largely imported from France, for the reason that in this country much of the land is owned by the cultivators. But into such small parcels is the land divided in France, that they scarcely deserve the name of farms. In the United States, fruit-growing is more extensive, and the business is pursued with more energy and skill than in any other part of the world. The French have the reputation of being skillful fruit-growers, but this would seem not the case, for the reason that foremen and not proprietors are in charge, and wherever this is the case, a pursuit can be successful only in part. On the occasion of several Horticultural Exhibitions, both in England and France, where large numbers of specimens of apples and pears were shown, it was found upon inspection that many plates bearing different names were the same. Such ignorance in any fruit-grower's collection in this country would stamp him as a pretender. It is true, that about forty years ago, there was great confusion regarding varieties in all our nurseries, but in the general advancement of agricultural, and other knowledge, it has disappeared. It is taken for granted that English farming is better than ours, and they who suppose so, speak of the high average of their wheat crop and their fine breeds of cattle. So little attention has been paid to what may be called Agricultural Geography, that many errors arise. England by reason of climate alone has no superior. The large amount of moisture, and at the same time the tendency of the Gulf Stream to give a much higher tempera ture than would be natural in so high a latitude, undoubtedly do make it the best country for the grasses in the world. Perhaps, however, a belt of country some 200 miles wide and 1,500 miles long, through the center of which runs the parallel of forty-one degrees, and reaching from the Atlantic in New England, to the great plains in Kansas and Nebraska, is nearly equal. It would be impossible to grow the Short-horns, or the South-downs, or Lei cesters in France as successfully as they are grown in England. On the prair ies of Illinois, where grass and grain are abundant, the common herds of cattle, with good care and with perhaps a slight dash of Durham blood, have been brought up to a grade nearly equal to pure Durhams, and they are constantly improving. When the Kerry cattle, which thrive on short and rough feed, are transferred to rich pastures, they gradually lose their dis tinctive character and progress towards a higher type. That England raises more wheat than we raise is true, but they do not raise a bushel at less cost. Only by raising double crops can their rent be paid. High farming there is [189. ,628 PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE. as much an evidence of impending distress as of agricultural skill. Whether farming is good or poor is not to be decided by large or small crops of coarse products, but by the condition of the laboring people. If wages are low, if the laborer is ignorant, and if he has no other home in his old age than the hospital or the work house, farming is not good, because it shows that food is scarce, and it is scarce because with such labor only meat and bread can be raised. Whenever grain is raised to be sent out of a country, the average yield will be smaller than if the same amount finds a market at home among manufacturing people. It is probably an advantage to us that we raise so little wheat, for whatever we spare now enriches the soil of England and impoverishes our own, and until a proper time the capacities of our soil might as well remain undeveloped. That time is rapidly approaching. Changes which in former periods of human progress required many ages, now occur in a few generations. Goethe says that although progress seems to be in a circle, for the past appears to be repeated; still this circle is a spiral, hence, the short time in which a circle in these last ages is repeated. There are signs that new conditions are before us, called into being by improved methods of culture and above all, by the advance in mechanic arts. Whenever changes come, distress is an attendant. The most startling fact is, that when crops shall be cut short by reason of drought, frost or the ravages of insects, as great a deficiency will be found now as ever existed in semi-barbarous ages. The immense growth of cities and towns through the interior, with a population which consumes but does not produce, already have made the market in these places where bread used to be cheap, comparatively dear, and as this class of people increases, bread must grow still dearer and more deficient in supply. Meanwhile, the demand from sea board cities and foreign countries is so constant and the means of transportation so easy and uninterrupted, that it is impossible for stocks of any kind of food to accumulate; hence when distress comes, as come it must, nowhere will there be granaries from which supplies can be drawn. This condition is not confined to our country alone. The grain regions of Russia, Hungary, the Black Sea and Egypt, are swept every year by demands from the commercial nations of western Europe, and now, notwithstanding their triumphs in science, arts and agriculture, bread is as difficult to obtain as when the land was sown by women or slaves and the plow was the crooked branch of a tree hardened in the fire. Continually does a merciless destiny seem to pursue the human race. Still, with the diffusion of knowledge and with expertness in many industries, we must turn and grapple with this destiny that what has been gained through many ages of suffering and tears may not be lost. To bring agriculture another important step forward, it is required that the high culture established in England for the growing of special crops on a large scale should be applied to the small farm system in America. This can be done by giving such an education to those of our young men intendinig to be farmers, as shall enable them to cultivate by their own labor a few acres devoted to a variety of productions, with the same success that wheat 1869.] 629 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. and roots are grown in England by hired labor. Our Common School system, the intelligence and wealth of our people, prepare the way for our agricultural colleges. These may or may not be successful at their outset, but should they fail in whole or in part, the need for such knowledge as they alone can give will compel the repetition of efforts until our hopes shall be realized. Whenever a class of men, both educated and practical, shall appear, such changes will follow as would shock many were they to come now. Scientific agriculture, properly speaking, is so little understood that it has not even been defined. Every science must have for its foundation a classification, the element of which is analysis, but this has not been attempted in agriculture. The first steps in this direction will be to consider what productions belong to particular climates in connection with particular soils, and the lines of latitude and even of longitude are to be traced on which particular crops can be grown most successfully. This will require many details and the whole will come under the general head of Agricultural Geography. Next, one should have a general analysis of soils, by which it will be ascertained from what sources they have been derived, whether from the decomposition of primitive, lime or sand-rock or fromn secondary elements such as fresh and salt water deposits, and decayed vegetation, including the order of their formation, their depth, also the effect of climate, rain fall and local influences, all of which will come under the general head of Agricultural Geology. When these divisions in all their necessary details are classified, the way will be opened for chemical agriculture by which the application of special fertilizers may be intelligently and profitably made. And yet, this is the only branch of scientific agriculture which has hitherto demanded attention, although it is anticipating its position of time by at least one generation of active and broad investigation. Whatever may be the success of scientific men in other branches where they discover principles and leave others to make the application, little can be expected from their researches as thus far conducted in regard to the agriculture of a continent, where the elevation of the laborer is of first importance. Great changes must come before the scientific agriculturist shall himself plant and cultivate the soil which he studies, still, changes certainly are before us, and the change referred to will be no greater than has taken place since the time when the cultivator wore a brass collar around his neck inscribed with his master's name. If the investment of capital in improved real estate shall be continued, the time must come when land will be in a few hands, and the laborer will be degraded. Nor can there be relief except by revolution, for there are no more continents to be discovered to keep back the evil day. Nothing is better settled than that the management, economies and yield of large farms are less than on the same amount of land divided into small farms. This is manifest from the fact that the large landed proprietor knows as if by instinct, that only coarse staple articles of food can be grown at a profit, and accordingly their efforts are so limited as in English farming. By such a system, an overseer directs, wages must be low because skill is neither de 630 [1869. PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE. veloped nor required, and the laborer sinks almost to a level with the animal he drives. Fortunately, there is so much land in America, and it has gone into the hands of so many, that at present wages are high, and it may be generally stated that farming on a large scale is unprofitable, while in many cases, whether on a large or small scale where wages are paid, all the profits are absorbed. Notwithstanding that land is growing still dearer, so great is the success attendant upon the small farm system, the happiness, the intelligence and the independence it has produced, that which has been gained can neither be lost nor forgotten, and before the people of this country would submit to the accumulation of land in a few hands, they would arise and demand that their natural right to the soil be confirmed by agrarian laws. Had attention been called to one subject before, less labor, time and vexation would be required to adopt a proper plan now. This is the employment of the wicked, the ignorant and the idle. No high standard can be reached, and labor cannot be justly rewarded, while so many able-bodied men eat the bread of idleness. These should be the care of the state. Millions of acres of highly productive land can be obtained by drainage, which now exhale miasmas, breeding fevers and pestilence; while other millions yielding small or uncertain crops, require the application of much labor that their product may be abundant and sure. That this class, now, in the aggregate, beginning to be numerous enough to make a nation, should prey upon the industrious and taint the moral atmosphere with the miasm of wickedness, should be left unrestrained to generate crime without a hope of improvement, is a disgrace to our civilization. In self-defence, and if necessary by force, they must be set to work, and when they learn how much labor sweetens and purifies life, they will be thankful to be taught how to live. This measure is demanded that man himself may be elevated, and that the whole world may be made better. Possibly our own vagrants might be absorbed by the operations of natural causes, but we can do little with the multitudes of foreigners who in an uninterrupted stream crowd to our shores with no other knowledge than that of living some how without labor. The next progressive move among ad vanced nations, will be first in considering, and next, in executing, a plan for transforming swindlers, petty thieves and beggars into steady and useful laborers. No enterprise conducted by the state has ever been so successful as when connected with practical agriculture. Some excellent farms in our country have few or no laborers, but such as are insane. At Lusk, near Dub lin, Ireland, a government farm is worked by criminals of an intermediate grade, with the most remarkable success, for under skillful but mild manage ment and without guards, the productions are abundant. Progress in the reformation of the criminal is almost in exact proportion to his progress in becoming a good farmer. The Divine blessing seems to descend upon him who earns his bread by the sweat of his brow, and we may suspect that more crimes originate from idleness and ignorance than from an evil heart. 1869.] 631 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. CURPRENCY AND FINANCE. BY HORACE GREBLEY. The use of Gold and Silver as measures of the value of, and media of payment fol, all other property, is older than History-older than Tradition. So long ago as the time of Abraham, we find that Silver had been divided or cast into "shekels" of definite value, and doubtless of specific weight also. The oldest pieces still existing are of square or oblong form, rather thinner than our modern coins of similar size: such were the Jewish "shekels," and such are the Japanese "itzebus" and other coins of to-day. Older than the invention of letters, the most ancient pieces of silver had no inscriptions, and were distinguished from those of different values, by size only. The circular form and raised edges of the coins of modemrn Christendom were obviously adopted to reduce to a minimum the loss of metal by wearing or rubbing. Governments, at an early day, coined gold and silver, and gave them legal recognition as money; but they had already been made such by the common consent of the more enlightened portions of mankind; while savages who lacked them were constrained to employ shells, beads, iron, nails, and other things less convenient and less widely accepted Though paper money was unknown till the invention of printing, kings had often, when sorely pressed by the exigencies of war or the fruits of their own prodigality, called min the money of their subjects for re-coinage, and debased it from ten to fifty per cent.-replenishing their coffers by impoverishling all within their power. They were ready enough to borrow when in need-as they often were-and were willing to pay (or rather promise) liberal rates of interest; but few were inclined to lend them, except at short dates and on the distinct pledge of jewels and other valutables, or of specified revenues, as security for repayment. Royal debts were thus frequently incurred in preparing for some crusade or other costly expedition; but National debts, now so vast and so general, are mainly the creation of the last century. Rome, having absorbed the then civilized world, and having, by the introduction or the toleration of Slavery, degraded labor and discouraged industrial progress, the discovery of mines and the production of the precious metals nearly ceased; while the luxurious tastes and habits of the wealthy impelled a continual importation of silks, spices, &c., from India and China, which took little but gold and silver in return. The circulating medium of exchanges and payments being thus insensibly drawn away and not replaced, the Roman Empire languished under a growing dearth of money and a steady decline of prices. As fixed property constantly depreciated in value, those who bought on credit were too often unable to pay at maturity, and so sank into hopeless insolvency. Hence, labor lacked employment, since few chose to plant, or build, or improve, when the resulting property would be worth less than its cost. Population, wealth, prosperity, all declined and dwindled under the combined influences of labor in shackles and enterprise and business devoidof money wherewith to employ and pay thattwhich was still free. And, though the silent progress of Christianity, the fruits of successive irrup 632 [1869. CURRENCY AND FINANCE. tions and conquests by barbarians, and the pressure of general poverty and wretchedness, combined to wear out Slavery, the scarcity of money still weighed upon the energies of Europe, down to the close of the 15th century. The discovery of America by Columbus, and the consequent rapid and vast increase of money, wrought a great and sudden revolution. Prices rapidly appreciated: those who bought, or built, or in any manner improved, were almost always enabled to sell at an advance upon cost. Labor was no longer a drug in the market, but in eager demand at prices beyond precedent, yet steadily augmented. The energies of the civilized world received an unwonted stimulus, and wealth was increased and comfort diffused as they never before had been. Soon, Banking —which had already a foot-hold at Venice, Amsterdam and perhaps two or three other great commercial centers -began to be diffused, increasing enormously the power of a definite amount of money to effect transfers of property, even while each bank adhered to the original conception of a mere place of safe deposit for the precious metals and other valuables at a very moderate cost. A bit of paper representing a large sum was passed from hand to hand with a facility previously unknown, and effected many transfers of property while Cresus or Shylock would have been counting, testing and weighing, the coins which were tendered in payment for a single cargo or estate. After a time, it was discovered that the coin represented by the receipts or notes of a bank need not all be kept on deposit-that its promises to pay coin on demand might safely be based in good part on the obligations of its solvent and thrifty borrowers who had covenanted to return, on specified days yet future, the sums loaned them respectively. Henceforth, the development of banking was rapid, and the general supply of currency much larger than it had been, even since the vast infusion of the Precious Metals from the New World. The British Colonies on the American coast were late in their reception of the golden shower. Planted considerably later than the French colony north of them or the Spanish and Portuguese colonies south of them, they had no discovered mines of gold or silver; their climate was harsher, and their soil generally less facile and less fertile than that cultivated by their southern neighbors; while they were required to hew their future farms out of gigantic forests which stubbornly resisted their progress. Agriculture and fishing, their two leading pursuits, were not favorable to the rapid acquisition of wealth; while the jealous monopoly of the trade of their colonies maintained by Spain and Portugal, closed their most direct and easy road to the acquisition of gold and silver. A dearth of money was long sorely felt; and this, with the frequent resort to loans by several of the colonies in fitting out and sustaining large military expeditions against the hostile French and Indians, led to the general introduction and use of that seductive but dangerous form of paper currency which consists of the naked promises of the state to pay, whenever it shall be convenient, small specified sums; a certain practical value being given to these promises by making them, if not a legal tender for all debts whatever, at least receivable for taxes and in payments to the issuing parties. Most of the British colonies had become accustomed to 633 1969.] TIlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. this currency before the outbreak of their Revolutionary struggle; and the fact that eight shillings in some of them, seven and sixpence in others, four and sixpence in still others, were the established, recognized equivalents of the Spanish coin known as a dollar, marks and measures the ultimate depreciation of the several issues, in the estimation of the authorities which had put them respectively in circulation. The Revolutionary War, prior to the entrance of France upon the arena as our ally, sorely overtaxed the resources of our fathers. Though the number of men they sent into the field as soldiers bore no greater,proportion to their numbers than did that of our rebels in the late civil war, their deficiency in manufactures and in accumulated wealth was so immense, that the average of not more than fifty thousand men under arms drew more heavily on their resources than the half million to one million defenders of the Union kept on foot from December, 1861, to July, 1865, did on ours. Unaccustonled to burdensome taxation, with their foreign trade and fisheries almost suspended, and with their manufactures hardly yet begun, the cost of recruiting, fitting out and arming, the Continental armies, told fearfully on their means, and led the newly declared States, or most of them, to an early resort to the now familiar expedient of Government paper currency. The new issues were known as Continental money, and for a time served their end; but, as more and more of them were set afloat, and no means of redemption provided, they inevitably depreciated-at first, gradually and moderately, but at length with an accelerated momentum, until they finally sunk out of use and out of countenance-a hundred dollars being eagerly given for a breakfast, which twenty-five cents in specie could have purchased, and the bargain being still a hard one for the caterer. By common consent, the Continental notes came at last to be regarded and recognized as of no value whatever. Meantime, the French Alliance had given the struggling people of the United States a credit in Europe to which they were not intrinsically entitled, and loans were negotiated, both at Paris and Amsterdam, which supplied them with arms and munitions, and enabled them to feed their armies much better than during the bitterly remembered winters of Washington's encampment successively at Morristown and at Valley Forge. A handsome loan, considering the means of the lenders, was subscribed by the merchants of Philadelphia, under the lead of Robert Morris; and the several States were enabled from time to time to borrow considerable sums from their wealthier citizens, and from others, which served to eke out their scanty resources, and helped to save the cause of Independence firom collapse through absolute bankruptcy. Peace being at length achieved, the average condition of our people was deplorable indeed. The little Silver and less Gold which had been in the country when the strife began, had mainly been sent abroad in payment for munitions, and for the few goods that it was attempted to import, despite the blockade of our coast by British cruisers-our exports, other than of coin, being of no account. The whole country, save a part of New England, had for years been traversed and ravaged by contending armies, often without rations. Industry had been fearfully deranged and demoralized; and, 634 [1869. CURREiNCY AND FINANCE. now that the stimulus of war was withdrawn, and no other substituted, its pulse beat languidly indeed. The Continental issues being discredited and discarded, there was next to no money in circulation, and very little which would command money. Our Manufactures were still in the germ; our Agriculture was yet struggling with the primeval wilderness, and every way rude, desultory and inefficient. And, could its products have been instantly doubled, there were no markets open to receive them. Not till the great wars which, years afterward, grew out of the French Revolution, did Europe open wide her ports to our staples; while the trade of this Continent, outside of our then comparatively narrow limits, was held and treated by the colonizing powers as a close monopoly in the hands of their subjects. Hence, the payment of debts, and even of taxes, was widely deemed a moral impossibility; and the Shays's Rebellion in Western Massachusetts, with kindred though less pronounced and less formidable commotions in New Hampshire and other States, attested the general prevalence of poverty and misery. The country remained torpid, as if stricken by paralysis, until the adoption of the Federal Constitution and the formation of a more efficient government under the Presidency of Gen. Washington. To Alexander Hamilton was now confided the charge of our National Finances; and never was a selection more fortunate. A zealous patriot, a good soldier, an able lawyer, his services in the domain of Finance have dwarfed, by comparison, all his other achievements. By procuring the charter of a National Bank and the passage of a Tariff which avowed the Protection of Home Manufactures to be one of its cardinal objects; by recommending and carrying through Congress the Assumption by the Union of the Debts of the several States-debts incurred in prosecuting and invigorating the War of Independence-and by providing the ways and means of meeting regularly the interest and gradually extinguishing the principal of the entire National Debt thus consolidated-Col. Hamilton firmly established the solvency and credit of the Government, while arousing the Industry and Trade of the country from the torpor of despair to the activity of thrift and wellgrounded life. The National Debt thus consolidated (the discarded Continental money not included) amounted to One Hundred and Twenty-five Millions; but, if we add to this the sums afterward accorded-not as a dole of charity, but as the payment of a sacred debt-in pensions to the ill-fed and worse-paid soldiers of the Revolution, it will be swelled to'Two Hundred Millions of Dollars-a heavier burden, if we consider the comparative population and wealth of the country in 1790 and in 1865 respectively, and the relative value of money-than was or is that imposed on us by the Slaveholders' Rebellion. Yet the impoverished country now commenced forthwith the regular payment of the interest on that large amount, with the current cost of supporting the Government, and soon proceeded to reduce the principal so vigorously and persistently that-in spite of the rupture of'98 with France and the various embargoes to which our infant commerce was subjected, whether by the injustice of European rulers or the folly of our own-the principal of the Debt 1S(;'.] 6G5 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. had been gradually reduced to Forty-five Millions, when the outbreak in 1812 of our second War with Great Britain soon raised it again to an aggregate of Seventy-five Millions. In this War, though its duration was brief and the efforts put forth on our side must be pronounced feeble and halting in view of our vastly increased resources, the National credit was strained to the utmost. Before it closed, our Banks, save those of New England, had suspended specie payment, and their notes were depreciated from ten to forty per cent. Yet the Treasury continued to receive those notes, not merely in payment of subscriptions to its loans, but in payment of duties on imports as well; giving to the importer at Norfolk, Charleston or Savannah, a decided advantage over the importer at Boston, Providence or Portland. And, though attention was called to this injustice by Mr. Webster in 1815, no action was taken for its correction until late in the following year. Although the depreciated notes of Suspended Banks were freely taken in payment of subscriptions to loans, and twelve petr cent. was at length the proffered rate of interest, yet some loans were still accepted and paid in the bills of Suspended Banks, at a discount of twelve per cent. In other words, the Government received but seventy-five or six dollars in real money for its prolmise to pay one hundred dollars, with interest meantime at twelve per cent. The Protective policy having been deliberately affirmed, after earnest, protracted debate, in the passage of the Tariff of 1816, and the Protective principle having received a fuller application in the Tariffs of 1824 and 1828, especially in the latter, the country bounded forward on a career of prosperity, througth the increase and diversification of its Industry, so that the Debt melted away more and more rapidly, until the last dollar was paid in 1836, and a surplus of thirty-six millions was accumulated in the Treasury, threefifths of which, by direction of Congress, was deposited piro rata with the several States in the course of 1836-7. Meantime, the attempt of South Carolina, under the lead of John C. Calhoun, to nullify the Tariff by the Ordinance of her Convention, had led to the adoption in 1833 of a Compromise Tariff, proposed by Mr. Clay to prevent the passage of one reported by Mr. Verplanck from the Committee of Ways and Means, making instant and more sweeping reductions. By the Compromise Tariff, the existing duties were reduced each year by the remission of one-tenth of the excess over twenty per cent. ad valorem, so that, on the 4th day of March, 1842, no article imported should pay a higher duty than twenty per cent.: that rate being assumed by the Free Traders as the proper revenue standard. But here a strange anomaly was presented. While the Tariff stigmatized by Free Traders as prohibitory had afforded a revenue (wholly from duties on imports, except what accrued from sales of Public Lands) whiich amply supported the Government and paid off the National Debt, interest and principal, the Revenue Tariff failed to supply the means of barely supporting the Government in time of peace and in the entire absence of Debt! Mr. Van Buren's Administration (183741) was compelled to issue Treasury Notes (that is, borrow money), before the climax of reduction had been 6136 [is6g. CURRENCY AND FINANCE. reached; while for the two years (July,'40 to July,'42) wherein the duties stood at or near the assumed revenue point, the total receipts into the Treasury from duties on imports fell below Fifteen Millions per annum. Congress was thus constrained to return in 1842 to Protective rates by the demonstrated impossibility of meeting the current expenditures under any other. The first National Bank, chartered in 1791, had been allowed to expire by limiitation. A bill to re-charter it was lost in the Senate by the casting vote of its President. The sad experience of the War of 1812, however, opened many eyes; so that Messrs. Clay, Calhoun and other Republicans, who had opposed the re-charter, were zealous advocates of the new Bank chartered in 1816. This encountered the active hostility of President Jackson, who vetoed the bill extending its charter which had passed both branches of a Jackson Congress; and the re-election of that President soon afterward (1832) sealed its doom. The removal of the Federal Deposits from this Bank in 1833, in disregard of a vote of the House, and through the instrumentality of a Secretary of the Treasury (Roger B. Taney) appointed for the purpose, vice William J. Duane, removed, lashed the political elements to fury; but, after a vehement struggle, the President triumphed, and the Deposits were not restored. The Bank, having afterward accepted a re-charter from the State of Pennsylvania, lost its National character, and ultimately failed. The Debt incurred under the Revenue Tariff was soon wiped out upon a return to Protection; but the War with Mexico, which broke out in 1846, involved us in a firesh Debt before its close, which was swelled by the payment of Fifteen Millions of Dollars to that Republic in compensation for cessions of territory made by her in the treaty of peace, and again by the payment of Ten more Millions to Texas under the Compromise of 1850, for the surrender of her claim to territory north of her allotted boundaries, known as New Mexico. Yet the general balance of Income over Expenditure, even under the reduced Tariff of 1846, was gradually reducing the Debt, so that Hon. Howell Cobb, Mr. Buchanan's Secretary of the Treasury, bought up and cancelled (1858-9) several Millions of outstanding five per cent. stock, for which he paid a premium of over fifteen per cent. Before the close of that Administration, however, the Income fell off so that a new six per cent. loan was advertised, bids, mostly above par, received and accepted (October, 1860); but the prospect of coming trouble induced many of the bidders to forfeit the one per cent. deposited as a guaranty, rather than fulfill their engagements, leaving the Treasury still empty. Mr. Cobb now advertised a new loan (December, 1860), soliciting proposalsfor three-year bonds at parthe bidder to name the rate of interest at which he would trust the Government with his money. Secession at the South having by this time been fairly inaugurated, threatening a great civil war of doubtful issue, but a small sum was offered so low as six per cent., while bids were made at no less than thirty-six per cent. per annum; the average of the bids received being not far from twelve per cent. The Secretary accepted only the bids at twelve per cent. or under, though these did not nearly supply the Twelve Millions he had asked for; and so-before a blow had been struck or a shot fired in 1w".).j f), 1. 7 THIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. the great War of Secession-our Government credit was tainted and its enllergies crippled by the fact, everywhere notorious, that it had been obliged to borrow money at a rate so exorbitant as twelve per cent. per annum. And the money thus obtained was required to defray its ordinary peace outgoes; no dime having been expended to increase its armaments or strengthen its defences down to the retirement of Mr. Buchanan, March 3, 1861. Six weeks later, the guns of the new-born Southern Confederacy, long before planted within easy range of the devoted Sumter, thundered out that Confederacy's challenge of the Union to mortal combat. They roused to action a people and a Government as unprepared for the deadly fray as had ever yet been called to struggle for existence with a determined and sanguinalry foe. The Rebels enjoyed fiom the start the immense advantage of thoroughly comprehending the nature and magnitude of the contest they inaugurated, and of realizing that all hopes of compromise or conciliation were idle and delusive. Slavery made war, not for half the country, but the whole of it. Had it succeeded in wrenching from the Union an acknowledgement of the independence of the Confederacy, it would in time have drawn nearly or quite every Free State into its league, by a foree resistless as gravitation. To far-sighted obseervers, it was apparent from the outset that but one of the two great National Debts that the struggle was certain to call into existence would ever be paid. In- the first flush of popular enthusiasm excited by the bombardment and reduction of Fort Sumter, money, arms, munitions and supplies of all kinds, as well as men, were bounteously proffered to the Federal Government on its own terms. Banks and capitalists unlocked their coffers, merchants threw open their stores, and bade it take whatever it would have. This, of course, could not long continue, as the war daily assumed broader proportions and made yet greater exactions. When Congress met, (July 4, 1861), its attention was promptly and emphatically called to the necessity of providing ways and means for the prosecution of the struggle. Though very few yet apprehended that the war would be a long one, the urgent requirement of new taxes as well as new loans was generally conceded. Mr. Lincoln had called to the head of the Treasury Department, Hon. Salmon P. Chase, who, while four years Governor of Ohio, had acquired some practical familiarity with Finance. An able and courageous statesman, Mr. Chase, throughout the three trying years that followed, evinced a faith in the magnitude and elasticity of the National resources which could not fail to influence the judgment and the sympathies of those with whom he dealt. In the darkest hours of National disaster and depression, he appealed to those who had money as though they could no more afford to refuse him loans than he could afford to do without them. The Banks, having been borrowed dry by the Treasury, suspended Specie Payments near the close of 1861. It was wholly impossible to borrow coin thereafter; while the issue of Treasury Notes was a resource nearly or quite exhausted. It was clear that a Paper Currency, irredeemable while the War lasted, must be employed to maintain our extended Military operations, now calling for Forty or Fifty Millions per month. To the late Thaddeus Stevens 638 [1869. justly belongs the credit (or discredit) of proposing, early in 1862, that the Treasury Notes henceforth issued should be a Legal Tender, not only in all payments to the Government, but in the payment of debts due by and to individuals or corporations. The act which first embodied this bold proposition provided that no more than One Hundred and Fifty Millions of Treasury Notes, including the Fifty Millions already afloat, should ever be issued, and that each and all of them should be fulindable at the holder's option in bonds of the United States, bearing six per cent. interest, and redeemable after five years and within twenty years. Congress decided to make the interest payable in coin, which was no part of Mr. Stevens's prograimme, but was strenuously resisted by him-so strenuously that he finally voted against the bill. The Legal Tender clause of the measure, however, commanded his vigorous, effective advocacy, and was probably indebted thereto for its triumph. The act- which also provided for a new loan of Five Hundred Mil14ons -was approved by President Lincoln, Feb. 25, 1862. Experience had long before proved the instability of whatever barriers may be opposed, in times of war and public peril, to the augmentation of Paper Issues. Though the Legal Tender act provided that there should never be more than One Hundred and Fifty Millions of Legal Tenders afloat, the amount authorized was soon increased to Four Hundred Millions, while the privilege of funding them in Five-Twenties at par was restricted to a few months and then withdrawn. The original act had further stipulated that at least one per cent. of the entire National Debt should be bought up and canceled in the course of each fiscal year; but no consistent regard has been had to this provision. The depreciation of the Legal Tenders-at first, slow and slight-became rapid and serious after the grave reverses of McClellan on the Peninsula and of Pope in his Rappahannock campaign; still more, after the successive failures of Burnside at Fredericksburg and Hooker at Chancellorsville. There were later hours of intense popular depression when Lee was advancing as a conqueror into Pennsylvania, and again when Grant, after his bloody advance through Virginia to the James, was stopped by Lee's fortified lines enclosing Petersburg, and encountered a severe and seemingly needless rebuff at the explosion of Burnside's mine. The incursion of Early into Maryland, (July, 1864), and the defeat of Wallace at the Monocacy, exposing Baltimore and Washington to attack if not to capture, while Hunter, driven from Lynchburg over the Alleghenies, was making his long detour through West Virginia to regain the valley of the Shenandoah, incited another more transient spasm of National despair, which sent up the premium on gold very nearly to its highest point. That point was 290-that is, $1,000 in gold would purchase $2,900 of Greenbacks, or Treasury Notes, though these were in the law's eye equivalent, dollar for dollar, to those, and would legally discharge any mortgage or pay any debt incurred when there were no dollars not equal to coin. For a few days only was the legal currency so enormously depreciated; but it may be fairly estimated that the average depreciation of the Greenbacks, throughout the years wherein our present vast Debt was contracted, 1869.] CURRENCY AND FINANCE. 639 was equal to fifty per cent. —that is, $150 in Greenbacks would buy but $100 in coin. And it can not be doubted that our Debt is considerably larger than it would have been had it been found possible to maintain Specie Payments and yet borrow at fair rates the vast sums required to raise, equip, arm, transport and feed, our immense armies. Whether the Debt would have been larger or smaller had the Government really tried to maintain Specie Payments and had borrowed the money needed on such terms as must have been proffered, is very doubtful, assuming that the money could thus have been borrowed at all. We have seen that, in the comparatively trivial war with Great Britain in 1812-14, our Government borrowed money at twelve per cent., receiving for each $100 bond but $88, and accepting this in the paper of non-specie paying banks, often 15 to 25 per cent. below par. Had it been possible to fight out our civil war on a Hard Money basis, we must have encountered, on the offering of each new loan, a presumption that the next would be proffered on terms still more advantageous to the taker; hence, too many would have quietly resolved not to bid for this loan, but await the Government's tender, a few months hence, of conditions still more tempting. The British Consols (three per cents.), which now range between 90 and 95, seldom touching the lower point indicated, were largely issued at or below 60, were sometimes down nearly to 50, and, at the time ('98) of the great mutiny in the fleet at the Nore, so low as 48. It is highly probable that, even had our Government adopted the perilous expedient of carrying on the war with the notes of the no longer specie-paying State Banks, it would have had to sell its bonds, even for these, at a very heavy discount, long before the triumphs of Sherman at Atlanta and Grant at Appomattox. Even with a currency which included $400,000,000 of Greenbacks and $300,000,000 of National Bank Notes (the substitution of National for State Bank issues being an integral part of the new system of Finance), the Treasury was constrained to resort to various devices and expedients to meet the incessant, ever-widening demands upon it for money. First of these in the order of time was that of Certificates of Indebtedness-usually payable one year from date-wherewith contractors to furnish arms. munitions and supplies of all kinds, were mainly paid a good part of their bills-they getting them discounted at banks or selling them to individual purchasers at I to 5 per cent. below par. Very large drafts on the Treasury were temporarily headed off by the use of these Certificates. When the Five Hundred Million six per cent. loan ("Five-Twenties") had been skillfully engineered by Jay Cooke to a considerable premium, a five per cent. loan (" Ten-Forty") of Two Hundred Millions was put on the market, and with more difficulty piloted to its appointed haven. Then more "Five-Twenties" were offered; and, as the sale of these slackened, because the ability to lend was overtaxed by the Government's insatiable demands, a "Compound Interest Note," bearing six per cent. (currency) interest and payable at the expiration of three years-being meantime a legal tender for the amount borne on its facewas presented and worked off, to the amount of nearly or quite Two Hun THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. 640 CURRENCY AND FINANCE. dred Millions. Finally, a "Seven-Thirty" was devised and very largely negotiated, mainly near the close or after the close of the struggle. This bond was payable three years from date, in the legal currency of the country, with interest at the rate of 7 - per annum, or two cents per day on each $100 loaned, and was fundable on maturity at the option of the holder in "Five-Twenties" at par. This option proving valuable, nearly all the Seven or Eighlt Hundred Millions of these bonds issued were ultimately funded in "Five-Twenties," which are still outstanding. At no time was opportunity offered for question or doubt as to the medium in which the interest on the various loans was payable. The "Five-Twenties" and the "Ten-Forties" bore on their face a promise that the interest was payable in coin; while the twenty-year Sixes issued prior to the passage of the Legal Tender act, with all the previously outstanding Debt, having been contracted when dollars meant dollars, no question could fairly arise as to these. So with the "Compound Interest" notes, " Seven-Thirties," and Certificates of Indebtedness, which were issued with a clear understanding that they would be paid in "lawful money." But as to the "Five-Twenties," including those ultimately issued in redemption of the " Seven-Thirties," it was argued that the principal might fairly be paid in Greenbacks, because nothing was expressly stipulated to the contrary, while the Legal Tender act, in authorizing the issue of $150,000,000 Greenbacks, declared that "these notes shall be a legal tender for all debts, public and private," except Duties on Imports and interest on the National Debt. A ready answer to this cavil suggests itself when we consider that nobody supposed or imagined, when the Legal Tender act was passed, that any difference in value between coin and "lawfuil money" would exist when the principal of those bonds should fall due. "Legal Tender" was reluctantly adopted by Congress as a temporary expedient, designed in no case to outlast the heavy requirements of actual war. To have stipulated in 1862 that bonds due after 1866 should not be paid in depreciated paper would have seemed as absurd as to enact that snow-banks and ice-cakes should not be allowed to encumber our harvest-fields next August. Some timorous soul having suggested, soon after the "Five-Twenties" were first put on the market, that the principal might be held payable in Greenbacks, the Government Agents for their negotiation gave the most unqualified assurance that they were payable in coin. Their authority in the premises being questioned, Secretary Chase repeated those assurances; and they were successively reiterated by his successors, Wm. Pitt Fessenden and Hugh McCulloch. When the subject first attracted the attention of Colngress, several leading members, who had aided in maturing and passing the Legal Tender act, expressed their entire concurrence in the exposition given by Secretary Chase-Mr. Thaddeus Stevens, who had stoutly resisted the proposition to make the interest payable in coin, alone insisting that the principal might properly be paid in Greenbacks. The question thus raised entered largely into the Presidential contest of 1868-the Republican National Convention which nominated Grant and Colfax having somewhat 41 1869.] 641 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. vaguely taken ground in favor of evincing the utmost good faith toward the public creditors, fulfilling not the letter merely but the spirit of our obligations to them; while the Democratic Convention which nominated Seymour and Blair more specifically resolved that all National obligations not expressly payable in coin, mighlt and should be discharged in "lawful money." The election of Gen. Grant is a virtual condemnation of this dictum. The liquidated Debt of the United States was reported by Secretary McCulloch, on the 1st of August, 1865, to have been swelled to the enormous amount of $2,757,000,000; and it was about the same on the 1st of the succeeding month. If we add the sum afterward voted by Congress as mustering-out bounty to honorably discharged soldiers who had fought in the War for the Union, and the sums at that time due and since allowed to States for equipping and arming regiments and batteries for that War, the real aggregate of our National Debt cannot have fallen much short of Three Billions of Dollars. Even this cstimate takes no account of Pensions accorded to soldiers permanently disabled and crippled in that War, which call for some Twenty-five Millions per annum, and may be fairly estimated as equal to an additional Debt of not less than Two to Three Hundred Millions. And this vast Debt imposed an annual charge on the National Industry of more ,than One Hundred and Fifty Millions of Dollars; whereas the much larger Public Debt of Great Britain (Four Billions of Dollars) calls for but One Hundred and Twenty Millions of interest per annum. Against this enormous National Debt, our country, though severely devastated and impoverished by four years of gigantic, costly warfare, began forthwith to make head: so that Mr. McCulloch was enabled to report, on the 1st of December, 1867, that the principal had already been reduced by a sum of Two Hundred and Sixty-six Millions of Dollars. Since then, however, Congress has abolished the taxes on raw Cotton and on nearly all descriptions of Manufactures, while some Forty Millions of new bonds have been issued in aid of the various Pacific Railroads: the net result being a complete arrest of the reduction of the principal of our indebtedness and a moderate increase of its nominal aggregate-the bonds issued to Railroads being primarily payable, principal and interest, by them, and only in case of their failure, by the United States. The fact that we are no longer paying off Debt is, however, unhappily beyond question. A speedy resumption of Specie Payments, and the funding of our FiveTwenties which have been five years outstanding, with other past-due obligations, in a new bond which shall draw but four or (at most) five per cent. interest, are among our most pressing duties. We ought thus to be able, without increasing our taxes, but by enforcing their more uniform collection, ,aided by a wise and vigorous retrenchment of expenditures, to reduce the ,principal of our Debt by not less than Fifty Millions per annum, and thus, by increasing our annual payments of principal, as less and less shall be required for the satisfaction of interest, extinguish the last dollar of our Debt before the close of the present century. [1869. 642 .MINING. MINING. BY ALBERT D. RICHARDSON. METALS were known at a very early period. Most barbarous and semi-civilized nations, especially Orientals, have always decorated their persons with metallic ornaments; and for this purpose probably, minerals were first dug from the "everlasting hills." A)braham sent ear-rings and bracelets as a wed(ingi present to Isaac's wife. They have been preserved in the granite tombs of Egyptian kings, and in the buried cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. They were found by Alexander in Bal)bylon, by Cortez in Mexico, and by Lewis and Clarke among the remotest American Indians. Metals became very early a medium of exchange. The special fitness of gold and silver for money was obvious even to barbarians, on account of their b)rilghtness, the ease of distinguishing them fiom other metals and of making and stamping themn, and their hardness, and freedom firom liability to rust. Abraham paid four hundred shekels of silver, "current money with the mlerchant,"-the Catholic version has it "common current money,"-for the cave of Machpelahl, as a burial-place for Sarah his wife. His greatgrandson too was sold as a slave for twenty pieces of silver. At first gold and silver seem to have been used in bars and wedges. Herodotus attrib)utes the invention of coinage to the Lybians. Coins had spread through the civilized world four centuries before Christ. The ancient Mexicans had a tin currency. Lycurgus made the money of Sparta of iron, and it is said to have required a cart and a yoke of oxen to remove a hundred dollars of it. The Carthaginians made money of leather. Cesar's Commentaries relate that the early Britons used for money rings of brass or iron, "determined by weight." In later times, tin, pewter and gun-metal have been used in coinage in England, and platinum in Russia. The first American coin was a brass penny for the Virginia colony, made in 1612. It was struck in the Bermudas, then known as the Summer Islands, and it bore the legend " Solmmer Island" and "a hogge" on one side, with a ship in full sail, firing a gun, on the other. "Pine Tree Shillings" were coined in Massachliusetts in 1652, and some even circulated in England, where Charles II. was assured that the tree represented the Royal Oak which saved his life. This so mollified the "mierrie monarch" that he was pleased to termin the sturdy colonists a "parcel of honest dogs." There is a story that the master of the mint gave to his daughter as her wedding dowry, her weight in Pine Tree shillings, putting her in one end of the scales and filling up the other with the shillings till they lifted her from the floor. Our first national coin was the copper cent of 1787. Our present decimal system, invented by Thomas Jefferson, went into operation in 1792. Our metallic coinage is not so extensive as that of Great Britain. It has been calculated that the British silver shillings alone would form a column upwards of a hundred miles high. Mining among the ancients was rude and simple. Hand washing for gold and the quaTrrying of other metal veins near the surface, were the methods first practised. The tools found in ancient mines on this continent, are merely 1869.] 643 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. rough hammers of stone. Pictorial representations of Egyptian mining show criminals and prisoners of war dig(ing ore out of the ground, crushing it into small pieces, grinding it to powder in hand mills, and washing away the refuse and earth on broad inclined planes, while the smelters are purifying the metals in crucibles. Blasting by gun-powder was introduced about 1600. Before that time shafts and horizontal galleries were excavated by hand, with great labor, and ores carried to the surface on the heads or shoulders of workmen. The earliest improvement was the windlass. Tlhe use of horse and water power successively followed, and then the steam engine which was first applied to mining by Watts, in Cornwall. The transportation of heavy ores led to the introduction of wooden railways, about 1676. Iron was substituted half a century before the invention of the locomotive. A mine usually consists of a vertical shaft, from which tunnels branch off into the mineral veins. The deepest mine in the United States is in Nevada, (silver), and is soniething over 1,200 ft. The deepest shaft in Cornwall, (tin), is 2,112 ft. There is a silver mine in Peru 2,400 ft. The (silver and lead) mine of Andreasberg, in the Hartz mountains, is 2,500 ft., and a now abandoned mine in Bohemia reached the unparalleled depth of more than 3,000 feet. There is a silver mine in the Andes 11,375 feet above sea-level, and a gold mine in Colorado, 11,200 feet. Steam hoisting machines are now so perfect, that workmen are lowered into or lifted out of the deepest mines smoothly, safely, and almost instan.. taneously. The earth and ores are brought up to the surface in the same manner. Steam engines of great power are also used to pumIp outt water. Previous to 1775, persons employed in the coal mines of Scotland were transferable with the estate. Under the laws of Great Britain, mines are generally the property of the lords of the soil, who receive a royalty averaging one-fifteenthl of the gross proceeds. No difference is recognised in the United States between mineral and other property, the deeds of an estate conveying entire control of all ores found on the property, unless specially reserved. The miners in our various mineral districts in the new Territories -usually opened before civil government is extended over them-make regulations of their own, limiting the number of "feet" along a mineral lode, to which the discoverer is entitled by right of discovery, and the restrictions under which he or purchasers may hold additional "claims." They also establish courts to determine questions of ownership which frequently arise, as a lode or vein often runs into another, and it is difficult to distinguish between them. After the establishment of civil law, these local regulations are recognised as binding by the highest courts, both State and National. Placer gold mines on the public lands, are free to all, and quartz lodes may be pre-empted on the same principle as agricultural lands. MINERAL WEALTH OF NATIONS. RUSSIA was fonrmerly the great gold-producing country of the world. Her product began to decline in 1847, just before the California discoveries. Mines-less rich than those of Australia and California-extend along the [1869. 644 Ural range for four hundred miles. From 1814 to 1860, their product was $300,145,000. Silver and copper are also found in the Ural mountains, and in Eastern Siberia. The iron mines, chiefly in Siberia, are of vast extent, give employment to 50,000 laborers, and produce annually nearly half a million of tons. Some sheet-iron of excellent quality finds its way to tliis coulntry. AUSTRIA produces annually about $2,500,000 in gold and silver. She is rich in quicksilver and in iron. The latter is used for ra;ils on nearly all her railways, and it proves very durable. Her annual yield of copper is 4,000 tons, and of lead, 6,000 tons. Her coal beds seem inexhaustible, though both coal and iron mining are yet in their infancy. BELGIUM abounds in iron and zinc, and next to Great Britain, produces more coal than any other country in Europe. FRANcE is agricultural rather than minining. A little gold is found in the streams of the Pyrenees, and silver is also worked, but with small profit. Coal beds are numerous, and have been greatly developed within the last thirty years. Iron is the most abundant metal. The mines, over 800 in nuimber, employ 40,000 workmen, and are estimated to produce annually, $20,000,000 worth of pig iron. Lead is plentiful in Brittany, and copper abounds in the Pyrenees, Alps and Vosges, GREAT BRITAIN is extremely rich in coal and iron; while copper, tin and lead are also abundant. The number of active iron works is about 200, and of furnaces in blast, 560. A little gold has been obtained firom the south of Scotland and Wicklow in Ireland, and the quartz veins of Wales now yield it in small quantities. The mineral product of the kingdom in 1867, was: Coal...................... 104,500,480 tons............... $130.625,725 value. Pig Iron....................... 4,761,023.................. 59,587,785 Copper........................... 10.9313................. 4,158,805 Lead............................. 68,437 ".................... 6,687,545 Silver........................ 84....,024 oz................... 1,077,000 Gold........................... 1,520................... 29,450 Tin.............................8,700 tons................. 3,996,015 Zinc. 3,750................... 398,465 Other Minerals, (Salt, Clay &c.).....................10,839,670 " Total......................................................$217,400,460 SPAIN has mines of lead, tin, iron, copper and silver, which were worked successively by Phoenicians, Romans and Moors. Strabo and Pliny speakl of the country as rich in gold, but the present yield is estimated at only $8,000 per annum. Lead and iron are abundant, but copper and tin scarce. The quicksilver mine of Almaden, worked over three thousand years ago, is still the richest in the world. HINDOSTAN contains all the metallic ores, and is specially rich in coal and iron. Borneo yields annually, several millions of dollars in gold, and tilhe island of Banca in the Malay Archipelago, contains rich deposits of tin. CHINA has produced gold, washed from the sands of the streams and wrought into ornaments, from time inmmemorial, though the Chinese have never used it for coin. Deposits believed valuable, have recently been discovered in the mountains north of Shanghae. They are known as the Shangtung mines. Whenever their richness shall be fully demonstrated, they will doubtless attract miners from America and Europe, whatever attempts may 1869.] MINING. 645 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 1)e made to exclude them. Coal, anthracite and bituminous, is abundant on the Yang tse and in the northern peninsula. The surface veins, worked by manual labor, yield an inferior article, but with proper machinery, China would soon become a great coal producing country. Considerable lead is obtained, and a large portion of it consumed in the lining of tea chests. JAPAN is reported to have yielded $200,000,000 in gold and silver between 157 0 and 1740. Both metals are obtained in several portions of the island, blut not plentifully. Excellent copper and indifferent coal abound. AUSTRALIA first became famous as a gold producing region through the discoveries made at Ballarat, in 1851, three years after the discovery of gold in California. The largest nugget ever found, was vortli $4,500. Enthusiastic savans estimate that the veins of Victoria can give employment to a hundred thousand laborers for three hundred years. The yield of the colony from the first gold discovery to the beginning of 1868 was $565,167,500 gold; $15,750 silver; $975,225 tin. The present annual gold product stands at about $25,000,000, of which one-fourth is fronm quartz veins, and the rest from placers. The island is also rich in copper, and in excellent coal. NEW ZEALAND produces some gold and silver, chiefly by sluicing. The principal gold-fields are at Massacre Bay and in Otago. Quartz mining is just beginning. AFRICA, though believed to be one of the richest gold countries in the world, produces Qnly about one million and a half of dollars annually, nearly all fine dust from hand washing. The Gold Coast in Guinea is named from the prevalence of the metal, but its deadly climate thus far proves an impassable barrier to the white man. During 1868, two extensive gold-fields, reported very rich, were discovered in the district of Bamanguato, on the northern limits of Cape Colony, adjoining the Dutch republic. BOLIVIA, New Granada and Brazil abound in metals, but export little except silver. British Guiana contains gold-fields in the valley of the Essequibo, believed to be rich, but not yet }developed. CHIIILI is rich in minerals. Within seventy-five miles of the town of Cai)aipo, are 253 silver, 6 gold and 14 copper mines. The latest annual exports of the republic which we find recorded, are $497,736 gold; $4,725,655 silver; $10,760,589 copper; $176,765 coal. PERU has been famous for silver and gold ever since its discovery. Pizarro and his soldiers extolrted seventeen and a half millions of dollars before the captured Inca, Atahuallpa, who had offered his prison fuill of gold for his liberty, was put to death. The amount of silver produced from 16:30 to 1800 has been estimated at over $1,200,000,000. The Andes contain rich deposits of copper which are only extracted on the western slope, owing to the difficulty of transportation from the east side of the ridge. All mining is backward, on account of the great altitude of the mineral veins and the lack of enterprise among the people. MEXICO is extremely rich in gold and silver. The total product of her mines since the conquest by Cortez, has been estimated as high as $3,000000,000. The ancient M3exicans worked veins of silver, tin and copper, but 646 [18G,g. were ignorant of iron. They cast vessels of gold and silver, which were afterward delicately carved and chased. Few modern improvements have been made beyond the introduction of steam engines for pumping. The yield of silver is now larger than that of the United States, but that of gold comparatively insignificant. The export is generally shipped direct to England. Excellent iron is produced in several of the states, and at Guanaguato is the richest and most extensively worked copper vein in the world. CANADA contains valuable beds of iron and copper. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia abound in coal and iron, and Nova Scotia is beginning to yield gold. British Columbia. has rich gold-fields, found chiefly on the Fraser river and its tributaries. Victoria, Vancouver Island, is the supply point for the region. Present annual gold yield of British America, about $3,000,000. TIIE UNITED STATES contains mineral resources more extensive and more varied than any other country in the world. Gold has been found in greater or less quantities in half the States of the Union. - Tennessee, Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia formerly furnished our largest supplies. Now, California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Montana, Dakota and Wyoming are by far the most extensive and productive gold-fields on the globe. Much of the immense tract is also rich in silver, copper, lead and other valuable minerals. Comparatively little of the field has been even "prospected," and important discoveries in the Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Nevadas, and the Pacific Coast Range may be looked for, for the next hundred years. Early Spanish, Portuguese and English explorers were all on thle lookout for minerals. Huts and utensils, supposed to have belonged to De Soto's party in the 16th century, have been discovered among the mountain gold regions of Georgia, and the lead mines of Missouri. Previous to 1848, our annual gold product was estimated at about one million dollars, chiefly from Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia and North Carolina. Some gold had been known to exist in California for nearly three hundred years, and when humboldt visited that region, he had predicted that large quantities would yet be discovered. The first rich deposits were found in January, 1848, at Sutter's Mill near the present city of Sacramento, by James W. Marshall, of New Jersey. By the close of 1850, there were fifty thousand miners at work in the State. Quartz mining began in 1851. Silver exists in all deposits of lead ore. It is found in largest quantities in Nevada and Idaho, though some is procured in Arizona, California, Colorado and New Mexico. Iron is found in every State and Territory, and in every form. The great deposits of lead are in Missouri and in half a dozen adjoining counties of Wisconsin, Illinois and Iowa. Lake Superior is the great copper region, though the metal is found in Connecticut, New Jersey, Virginia, North Car olina, Georgia, Tennessee, and in nearly all our new, gold-bearing States. Tin exists in Maine and California; zinc, in New Jersey, Pennsylvania and many other States, and quicksilver in California. Vast beds of coal which are already worked, underlie many of the States east of the Rocky Mountains, and portions of Utah, California and Washing,ton Territory. MINING. 1869.1 647 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. GOLD AND SILVER. Gold is the first metal of which we find historical mention. One of the streams which flowed through Eden, compassed the land of Havilali' where there is gold." Abram was "rich in gold and silver," and his descendants on their exodus bonrowed of the Egyptians so miany "jewels of silver and jewels of gold" that the numerous sacried vessels of their Tabernacle and the golden calf Imade by Aaron, did not exhaust the supply. Soionmon used gold lavishly in the decoration of the Great Temple; and silver "the king made to be in Jerusalem as stones for abundance."'' The California of that day was Ophir, situate according to some autho'ities on the east coast of Africa, where ancient mines have recently been found, and according to others, in India, that abounds in "apes, peacocks, ivory and precious stones," for all of which Ophir was faLmous. Gold, solmetimes associated with silver and sometimes with base metals, is usually found in quartz rock. On the decoinmpositioa of the rock, it is washed down into beds of rivers, where it lies buried in grains among the sands. The Pactolus, which "ran itself in golden sands," is supposed to have witnessed some of the earliest mining. The Scythlians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans all obtained supplies of goldfrom mountain regions. Before the discovery of America, the supply of gold barely met the loss caused by wearing. The annual product of the world in 1847 was said to be only twenty millions of dollars; seven years later, California alone yielded sixty millions. The discovery of the rich deposits in California and Australia gave new impetus to the movements of population everywhere, stimulated all departments of industry, brought together into the same communities people fiom every quarter of the globe, settled vast territories, facilitated intercourse between far distant regions, and steadily changed values throughout the world. Since the discovery of California, the purchlasing power of gold and silver has probably been reduced one-hlalf, by their increased abundance. Hand washling was the earliest mode of collecting gold; and the pan and the rocker were the first implements used in California mining. Quicksilver was soon brought in to collect the fine particles often lost in hand washing. Hydraulic mining, now largely in use in California, is done by throwing currents of water from hose and pipes with enormous force against banks of earth, cutting away whole hills. Down the face of the hill, also, pour artificial streams. At the foot of it, the waters all pass away in long flumes or wooden troughs, carrying the earth and stones with them. Slats on the bottom of the flumes catch and retain the gold. Where gold is found not in decomposed rocks or earth, but in hard quartz, the stones must be ground or pounded to powder to release it. The arastra, a /lexicani invention, consists of one or more flat, heavy stones, drawn round by mules, in water, over the pieces of quartz on a circular stone bed. This grinds the rock to powder, and the gold is then collected by quicksilver. The arastra is used more or less in all our mining regions, but it is a slow, laborious process. American miners usually reduce the quartz by stamp-mills. Iron weights or stamps, of froin 648 [1869. four hundred to seven hundred pounds each, and falling upon the quartz from four to six feet, sometimes as often as once a second, rapidly pound it to powder. It is then ground to extreme fineness under revolving stones, and quicksilver is put in to collect the gold. Silver seems to hlave been abundant among ancient nations, and was, probably, the first metal used as money. Hannibal obtained 300 pounids daily from a mine in Cordova, which penetrated a mile and a half into the mountain. The famous mines of Potosi were accidentally discovered in 1545, by a hunter, who found lumps of the metal under the roots of a bush. Silver is found in a variety of ores, usually associated with gold, copper or lead. Pure masses occasionally occur in the copper region of Lake Superior. Pieces almost pure and as large as a half dollar coin have frequently been obtained in Nevada, and sometimes in Idaho. Silver is never found like gold in gdrains among the sand, to be washed out by hand, but in ores or quartz, from which it must be reduced by stamping or grinding, and sometimes by smelting. It is difficult to obtain trustworthy recent estimates of the world's annual yield of the preciouts metals. The following fromn Phillips' Gold anid Silver Mining, estimates the product for 1865. It places thle yield of the United States several millions too l ow, probably making no estimate of the large quantity n e ve r reported to the mint s: GOLD. Russia.........................$13,900,000 California & neihzboring~ States $42,000,000 Anstria.............................. 1,100.000 Rest of United'States........... 28.000 Rest of Europe............... 75,000 Nova Scotia................... 414,400 Southern Asia.................. 5,000,000 British Columbia.............. 2,320,000 Africa....................... 800,000 Au strala....................... 31,200,000 South America and Mexico.... 6,800,000 New Zealand.................. 8,280,000 Total..................................................................$111,917,400 SILVER.' Russia..........................$ 870,000 Spain........................ $ 1,650,000 Scandinavia..................... 225.,000 British Colonies............... 142,500 Great Britain.................... 907,500 chili......................... 4,485,000 Hartz Mountains................ 420,000 Bolivia........................2,040,()00 Prussia.......................... 1,020,000 Peru........................... 4,485,000 Saxony.......................... 1,200,000 New Granada.................... 225,000 Other German States............ 37,500 Brazil......................... 22,500 Austria........................ 1,380.000 Mexico........................ 24,000,000 France............. 270,000 United States.................. 15,000,000 Italy (Isle of Sardinia).......... 375,000 Total............................................................ $58,755,000 The report of Professor Win. P. Blake upon Productions of the Precious Metals, based upon data obtained at the Paris Exposition, estimates the world's present annual yield of bullion as follows: United States............................................................$72,000,000 British America......................................................... 3,000,0()0 Mexico.................................................... 10,000,000 Central and South America.............................................. 10,()00,000 Australia (including New Soutith Wales, Victoria and Queensland)........ 33.000,000 New Zealand............................................................. 6.000,000 Russia................................................................... 15,000,000 France. Austria, Saxony Spai n, Italy, Great Britain, Norway and Sweden. 10,t600,000 Borneo and the East Indies, China, Japan and Central Asia.............. 10,000,000 Africa................................................................... 1,000,000 T o t a l............................................... $171,000,000 The Commissioner of the General Land Office of the United States, in his report for 1867, estimates the aggregate annual product at $208,000,000; and some other writers place it still higher. 1t.] MINING. 649 THiE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. There is no obvious reason for the relative value of gold and silver to remain the same; but it changes very little even when great changes occur in the relative product. The enormous gold yields of California and Australia have hardly affected it perceptibly. In 1344, an ounce of silver stood in value to an ounce of gold as 1 to 12 1-2; and in 1863, as 1 to 15. The whole tendency of our times is toward a uniform metallic currency all over the world, andtone will probably be adopted before many years have passed. "Where do the precious metals go?" is a question frequently asked. The drain of them has always been toward the East, where they are used for hoarding and for ornaments, rather than for money. This is especially true of silver. During 14 years ending in 1864, England and the Mediterranean exported to Asia more than $650,000,000. The total amount of silver in the world is estimated at $10,000,000,000, or only enough to pay the debts of three or four leading nations. The total gold and silver product of the United States from 1848 to 1868 is estimated at $1,255,000,000. The largest product of Australia in any single year was $43,000,000, considerably below the largest product of California. The yield of the precious metals is much more than sufficient to supply the loss caused by wear and tear, and they must decrease steadily in value, unless Asia increases the demand by using them more generally for currency. The annual product of the United States has fallen off somewhat since 1863, owing to the giving out of placer mines and other causes; but as the steady progress of the Pacific Railway increases the facilities for quartz mining, our yield will be augmented from year to year. The yield of Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico is nearly all silver, that of Idaho, one-third silver, that of Colorado one-eighth silver. All the rest is gold. The following is the estimated gold and silver product of the country for 1868: California.................... $23,000,000 Colorado........................ 4,000,000 Nevada.........................18,000,000 Washington.................... 1,000.000 Montana........................13,000,000 Arizona......................... 250.000 Idaho........................... 7,000,000 New Mexico.................... 250,000 Oregon......................... 5,000,000 Wyoming..................... 50,000 Total.................................................................. $71,500,000 CALIFORNIA. In California, some placer mines did well during 1868, as the season was wet and water plentiful; but in the southern counties, the water was so high as to destroy a great deal of property. In one county, it stopped mining for six months. The floods reduced the product of the year. The quartz yield was steady and quiet, and there were no failures among the quartz miners. Crushers are coming into extensive use to prepare quartz for the stamps. They break it up to the size of hazel nuts, but stamps do all the pulverizing. On the whole, the mineral product remains substantially unchanged. OREGON The Oregon mines, principally in the southern counties, did well during the year. Of their entire yield, probably $75,000 came from quartz, the remainder from placer diggings. The yield seems likely to be much larger for 1869, as extensive gold-fields on the Malheur river, and Shasta and Willow creeks have recently been discovered. Several ditches are constructing which will supply water to about four thousand men. [1869. 650 NEVADA. The great Comstock Lode, discovered in 1859, has yielded in all, some ninety millions of dollars, and proved to be for the time the richest silver mine in the world; but during 1868, its product greatly diminished, and only a few of the mines upon it are now doing well. In general, those which are deepest find the metal poorest. Thle yield of the lode fell off from seventeen millions in 1867 to twelve or thirteen millions for 1868. Central and eastern Nevada, however, show an increase, and the new White Pine district, 120 miles east of Austin, proves exceedingly rich. One of its mines, it is claimed, turned out 200 tons of ore, which averaged to yield over $1,000 to the ton, and though the district is only newly opened, it yielded $1,000,000 during the last six months of 1868. With the opening summer of 1869, it is likely to contain a population of many thousands, and it bids fair to more than counterbalance the falling off in the yield of the Comstock Lode. IDAHO. The territory contains in all, some 380 stamps. Of these, about 150 are running, nearly all in the Owhyhee district. In other sections, the mills are idle, chiefly from inexperienced or incompetent management. Most of the capital which went in during 1868 was from England and our Western States. Western men seem to succeed better in quartz mining than eastern. The Flint district, adjoining the Owhyhee, promises richly, and a forty stamp mill, the largest in the Termitory is nearly completed. Placer mining was less successful in 1868 than in 1867, as the season was exceedingly dry, and water scarce in the ditches. Three-fourths of the bullion produced is by quartz mining, one-fourth by placer. In the quartz the ratio of gold increases largely upon that of silver, as the mines are sunk deeper. The barren looking, sandy soil proves much more productive than was expected. Several flour mills are in operation, and grain, fruit, and. vegetal)les are already produced in abundance. Supplies go in from the Central Pacific Railroad-only 120 miles from the Owhyhee district-a great improvement on the old mode of hauling them over the mountains from Oregon. The advance of the road has given a great impetus to industry and commerce in Idaho. Freights from San Francisco cost only five or six cents a pound. MONTANA. Quartz mills in the territory, 50; number of stamps, 668; stamps in operation, about 400. There have been the usual failures in mills, from bad judgment, inefficient or dishonest management, and the attempt to substitute for stamps, new processes which have proved impracticable. In the Hot Springs district, several promising veins have "run out," the only instances of the kind in the Territorv. Of the bullion yield for 1868, 95 per cent. is gold against 5 per cent. of silver; and 80 per cent. of the gold product comes from quartz mills, against 20 per cent. from placer diggings. There are about twenty arastras in operation. All the quartz mills are the old fashioned stamps, except one heavy Chilian mill, which works well. The extreme remoteness of the Territory and the high prices of transportation have kept the prices of unskilled labor at five or six dollars a day; but two or three thousand Chinese have already arrived, and the approach of the Union Pacific Railroad (which runs within about four hundred miles of Virginia City) insures steady and comparatively cheap supplies. Hitherto 1869.1 MIXING. 651 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. fieights have been received by the Missouri river only six months of the year, giving great opportunities for speculation, and causing some suffering in the winter. Agriculture flourishes exceedingly; population about 40,000. WYOMING. Few mines have yet been opened in this new Territory, though a number are promising. One small quartz mill is in operation. COLORADO. Colorado advanced rapidly during 1868. After spending much time and trying many new processes for taking out the gold, most of the companies have fallen back upon the old method of plain stamps. Considerable foreign capital, chiefly English, has been invested. The silver mines are beginning to yield; and the copper veins are promising. NEw MEXICO. The Cimaron gold milnes south of Bent's Fort, are thought to be rich, but few returns have yet been received The rich silver deposits, too, near MIesilla and elsewhere, await the influx of American energy and capital, which can only come with a Southern Pacific Railroad. ARIZONA. In the same general condition as New Mexico. Inaccessibleness, hostile Indians and Mexican thriftlessness keep down the yield of the precious metals to a trivial sum; but whenever the Territory enjoys railway communication, it will produce silver to the amount of many millions annually. IRON. Iron, like gold, was known to the ancients. We read that "iron is taken out of the earthl," and again that Tubal Cain was an "instructor of every artificer in brass and iron." One of the attractions of the Promised Land lay in its being a country "whose stones are iron and out of whose hills thou mayest dig brass." And when Creesus showed Solon his stores of gold, Solon answered, "If another king cometh who hath more iron than thou, he will be master of all this gold." Iron is the most useful, most abundant and most valuable of all the metals. It can be beaten into any shape, cast into the most intricate patterns, rolled into thin plates and drawn into fine wire of the greatest tenacity. It is alike adapted to the most massive and the most delicate works. As an illustration of the enhancement of its value by labor, it is asserted that the worth of a piece of iron in different stages of manufacture may be as follows:-In the bar, $5: in horse-shoes, $10.50; in needles, $55; in pen-knife blades, $3,285; in shirt buttons, $29,480; in hair-springs of watches, $250,000. Iron wa used long before the Trojan war. Sololmon's saying, " as iron sharpeneth iron," relates to a practice ancient even in his day. Monuments of Thebes and Memphis, forty centuries old, represent butchers sharpening their knives upon steel. Scythia was termed the "mother of iron." As early as A. D. 120, the Romans erected forges in Britain, and remains of their furnaces are still found upon the tops of hills. The ancients, however, had only wrought iron. The earliest notice of cast iron is found in the records of the 15th century. American Indians were altogether ignorant of the metal. In Virginia in 1620, a ton of iron cost ~10, the price of a man's labor for a year. Among the early American colonists, an iron pot was often bequeathed to some heir as a special mark of esteem, and all pots and kettles used were of 652 [1869. wrought iron. Virginia in 1662 forbade sending iron out of the colony, under a penalty of 10 pounds of tobacco for every pound of iron exported. The first iron works in the United States were built "on Falling Creek in Jamestown river," in 1619; but three years later, the Indians destroyed the furnaces and massacred the workmen and neighboring settlers to the number of 347 persons. Iron workls were established at Lynn and Braintree, Mass., in 1644. The first iron vessel cast in America was an iron quart pot, about 1650. In 1673, New England had five furnaces. In 1790, the first furnace was erected west of the Alleghanies. The ancients melted the ores in open furnaces, into which air was forced by hand bellows. The metal collected in a "loop," and was then beaten on an anvil, the impurities separating in a semi-fluid cinder. The ores are now reduced by suitable fluxes in huge blast furnaces raised to an intense heat, sometimes estimated at nearly 3,000~ Fahr., by currents of hot air driven in by powerful machinery. The resulting pig iron is then passed through puddling and rolling mills, and converted into the wrought iron of commerce, which again, by the addition of a slight proportion of carbon becomes steel. The high blast furnace was invented in 1558. Up to 1700, the ores were reduced by charcoal; then bituminous coal was substituted. The puddling process was invented in 1784, and the hot blast introduced in 1827. Anthracite coal was first successfully used for smelting in Pennsylvania in 1835. The following statement of the iron product of the United States for 1867, shows thle amount of pig iron produced by the different qualities of coal: Anthracite pig iron, 784,783 tons; raw bituminous coal and coke, 318,647 tons; charcoal, 344,341 tons; total, 1,447,771 tons. The early uses of iron were few and comparatively rude. Modern civilization has greatly stimulated its product, and introduced it into nearly all the industries of life. The first great increase in demand was due to the railroads. Wooden rails were used until about 1700; then strap iron came in, but was not generally adopted. In 1767, the Colebrook-Dale iron works in Shropshire, England, had a very large quantity of iron on hand, as the prices were extremely low. The wooden railway belonging to the works requiring frequent and expensive repairs, the proprietors laid down their pigs of iron for rails, observing that when the prices of metal rose, they could easily take them up. Their greatly superior value soon became obvious, and it was found that ten horses could do the work which formerly required four hundred. Still it took many years to bring them into general use. Now the total length of railways in the world is upwards of 170,000 miles, an iron belt that would encircle the globe six times, and is almost long enough to connect the earth with the moon. In 1828, the annual product of pig iron was: Great Britain, 700,000 tons; United States, 140,000 tons; total produdt of the world, 1,000,000 tons. The yield for 1866, (the latest full annual returns received), was: England....................4,530.051 tons. Russia..................... 408,000 tons. France.....................1,300,.320 Spain...................... 75.000 Belgium.................... 5(00,0()0 Italy..................... 30,000 Prussia.................... 800,000 " Switzerland................. 15,000 " Austria.................... Zollvc,000 rein.................. 250,000 Sweden.................. 226,67 " United States........... 1,175,000 Total...............................................................9,322,047 tons. 186t.1 MINING. 653 THIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. No gold and silver mines have ever been the sources of such uniform and long-continued prosperity as some of the rich deposits of iron in Great Britain and Pennsylvania. The iron product and manufacture of the United States has increased enormously within the last few years, and the vast beds of iron convenient to coal in various parts of the Union, are destined to make America the chief source of supply for the world. Pennsylvania takes the lead of all our States, and Mlichigan follows. The Lake Superior region which made its first shipments in 1855, already produces nearly one-fifth of the iron ores of the United States. Tile product of this region is increasing with great rapidity. So is the yield of Missouri, whose three mountains of solid iron known as Iron Mountain, Pilot IKnob, and Shepherd's Mountain, are among the most remarkable natural curiosities on our continent. Oregon is beginning to supply the markets of the Pacific coast with domestic iron. The product is very pure in quality and exceedingly abundant. The only furnace yet in operation is at Oswego, on the west bank of the Wallamet river, six miles south of Portland. Another company is formed, and works are building on the Columbia river, below the mouth of the Wallamet; and within the next few years the iron product of the State is likely to be very large. Colorado is already producing iron; and the ore is found in greater or less quantities in nearly or quite all the new States and Territories, as well as in all the older ones. Where coal is not convenient to the iron beds, the ore is often shipped to other States for reducing. The following table shows the estimated product, not of ore, but of pig iron, in our several states, for 1868: Pennsylvania.................850.000 tons. New Jersey.................. 47,000 tots. Oho......................220,000 Michign................... 60,000 New York....................180,000) " Missouri..................... 20.,000 New England States.......... 35,000 Other States............... 65,00 " Total............................................................... 1,477,000 tons. Add the amount of iron made in forges and blomarics direct fromn the ore without )eitig first reduced to pig iron................................. 35,800 " Total production of domestic iron in United States for 1868........1,512.800 tons. Imports of iron into the United States for the first nine months of 1868: Iron, pig and puddled........ 68,069 tons. Castings................ 963 tons. Bar. Anle, Bolt and Rod.... 29,040 " Hoops, Sheets &Boiler plates. 11,933 Railroad, of all sorts......... 209,368" wrought, of all sorts......... 3,128 Total Iron............................................................3322,501 tons. Steel, unwrought.....................................................11.3'2 2 Grand Total..........................................................333,823 tons. COAL. The English use this word generally in the plural, as "coals are high;" but with them it refers only to bituminous coal, the variety commonly used in Great Britain. In this country, the singular noun is applied to all the varieties. The two great divisions are bituminous and anthracite. Anthracite contains fewer gaseous products than bituminous, and is richer in carbon. Coal was an article of export from Newcastle, England, in 1281. During the reign of Edward I. its use in London was prohibited by several acts of parliament, the smoke being regarded as injurious to health. But as wood grew scarce, coal was substituted, and for 200 years it has been the chief fuel 634 [1s69. of Great Britain. During the last half-century, the growing use of the steam engine has enormously increased its consumption everywhere. The annual coal product of the world is now estimated as follows: Great Britain............. 104,000,000 tons. Belgium.................. 12,000,000 tons. North America........... 22,000 France.................... 10,000,000" Germany................. 17,000.000 Other Countries.......... 7,000,000 " Total (value $375,000,000)........................................ 172,000,000 tons. The area of workable coal-beds in all the world, outside of the United States, is estimated at 26,000 square miles, of which 1,500 are in Australia, 6,000 in Great Britain, 1,000 ill France, 800 in Austria, 500 in Belgium, and 100 in Russia. That of the United States, not including Alaska, is estimated at over 200,000 square miles, or eight times as large as the availal)le coal area of all the rest of the globe. It has been calculated that at the present rate of consumption, the world's supply of coal would run out within a few generations, but doubtless some new fuel will be introduced, or some new discoveries of coal made, before such a period comes. Coal veins are usually reached by vertical shafts, but when found in hills, are worked by horizontal galleries. On the slope of the hills opposite Pittsburg, 300 feet above the beds of the Monongahela and the Ohio, may be seen the openings of many of these galleries. This mode of taking out the fuel is far cheaper than hoisting it. Coal shafts in England sometimes reach a depth of 2,000 feet. Upon the largest of them, 10 years' labor has been expended, costing half a million of dollars. The ventilation of the mines is an important point, and is best accoinmplishled by up and down shafts, the foul air ascending in the former, and atmospheric air passing in to the workmen by the latter. Bitumiinous coal gives off large quantities of explosive gas, often causing terrible accidents. The Davy and Stephenson safety lamps prove of great service in preventing the ignition of this fatal fire-damp. Carbonic acid gas resulting from the explosion is known as choke-damp, and suffocates all who b)reatlihe it. Despite every precaution, such accidents are not iunfrequent. One near Wigan, Lancashire, England, occurred in the latter part of Novembll)er, 1868, causing the death of sixty miiners. The coal deposits on the James river, fifteen or twenty miles from Richmond, were the first worked in this country. The great anthracite region of Penn sylvania with its thriving cities and large population was a dense wilderness half a century ago. Thirty years ago, few mines in America were sunk below water level. Anthracite was first used for ordinary fuel in 1804, and for gen erating steam in 1825. The first railway for its transmission was built in 1827. It now gives employment to upwards of 40 railroads and canals. Pennsylvania takes the lead of all our States in coal production, and indeed her yield is more than 77 per cent. of all the coal product of the Union. That fiom the central portions of the State usually goes east to tide water. That fiom the rich bituminous region about Pittsburg and the head waters of the Alleghany is used for local consumption, or passes down the Ohio and Milss issippi rivers. Nearly all the states along the Alleghany mountains have rich coal-fields, as have also Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan and Missouri. 1S69.1 MINING. 655 Coal is found in workable form in more than thlree-fourthls of all our States and Territories. The following table from the Census Report, gives the statistics of coal mined in the United States during the year ending June 1, 1860: ANTHRACITE. Pennsylvania............................................................. 8,114,842 tons. Rhode Island.........................................................1,0(X) Total..............................................................8,115.842 tons. BITUMINOUS. Pennsylvania............... 2,690.786 tons. Iowia........................ 41.920 tons. Olio........................ 1,265,600 Alal)ama................... 1.0.200" llinois..................... 728,400 Washington Territory...... 5,374 Virginia.................... 473,360 Missouri..................3. 388) Maryland.................. 438.000 Rhode Island.............. 3,800 Kentucky................... 285,760 Michlgan................... 2,320" Tennessee.................. 165,300 Georgia................... 1,900 Indiana......................280 Arkansas...................30 Pendsylania...............269.786to.. Arkansas..................... 49200tns Total Bltllminous........................ 200................... 21080 * Anthracite.............................................3. 8,115842 " Grand Total (value $20,243,637)................................14,333,922 tons. Increase in value since..S 1851, 182 per cent. No full official statistics have been collected since, but the returns of the Internal Revenue for 1864 show the product of that year to have been 16,398,186 tons, and the total product for 1868 did not vary far fiom 19,000,000 tons, valued at $26,000,000. The ratio of thle several States has not changed greatly since 1860, except that the product of California, has sprung up. Her Mt. Diabolo mines are yielding about 200,000 tons annually. A land carriage of six miles and a water carriage of fifty, takes their product to San Francisco. The Bellingham Bay mines in Washington Territory already yield largely, and are capable of much greater development. They produce an admirable quality of coal, used extensively on the Pacific coast for manufacturing purposes. In our Atlantic cities, English cannel coal is used for making gas. The duty on imported coal is $1.10 per ton of 28 bushels. Our imports and exports for 1867 are given as follows by the United States Bureau of Statistics: Coal imports, 521,305 tons, value, $1,455,044; exports, 285,101 tons, value, $1,846,199. The export is chliefly anthracite, and more valuable than the imported qualities. COPPER. The name of this metal is derived from Cyprus, the island on which it was mined by the Greeks. Various ancient and semi-civilized nations were famniliar with its use. Tools and other articles of copper, showing considerable metallurgic knowledge, have been found among the relics of the Mound Builders who once occupied our western States. The Aztecs and Peruvians too, made chisels and axes of it. Bronze, a compound of copper and tin, was regarded by the ancients as a sacred metal, and largely used in monuments and statues. The Colossus of Rhodes was built of it, a hundred feet high. After standing 56 years, it was overthrown by an earthquake. It lay upon the ground for nine centuries, and then its fragments, sold by the Saracens to a Jew, are said to have weighed 720,000 pounds, and to have required 900 camels to remove them. A set of bronze surgical instruments has been discovered in the ruins 656 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1s69. of Pompeii. Brass is the most usefuil alloy of copper. Oreide, a new alloy of copper and zinc, with the addition of small quantities of sal ammoniac, quick-lime, magnesia and crude tartar, is sometimes known as "French gold," and is used in the manufacture of cheap watches and jewelry. Copper is found(l in a variety of ores, often of great beauty, and also in a metallic state, sometimes in enormous masses. The mines of Cornwall are extremely rich. One, at a cost of $500, is said to have yielded $18,500 worth of ore. The Burra Burra mines of Australia began working in 1845, and in five years had yielded more than three and a half millions of dollars. Copper was discovered in New England in 1648. The first copper teakettle of native metal was made in 1702. Copper ores have been worked in New Jersey, New York, Connecticut and other eastern States; and mines have recently been opened in Tennessee, Arizona and California. But practically, all the copper product of the United States comes as yet fiom the Lake Superior region, which was known only to hunters up to 1842. There the metal is found ill a ridge of trap rock, two miles wide, extending south-westerly from the lake. Some enormous masses of pure copper have been taken from it. One piece weighing six tons, and discovered under a hemlock tree 300 years old, had been cleared of the vein-stone by fire, showing that ancient mining was carried on there, probably by the Mound Builders. Another mass, weighing nearly 500 tons, required upwards of a ton of gunpowder to detach it firom the rock. The first shipments from the Lake Superior region were in 1845. The total yield of the mines from that time to the close of 1868 has been 100,000 tons. The yield for 1868 was about 12,000 tons. Copper is extracted fiom its ores by smelting and calcination, and prepared for the market in ingots, which the rolling mills convert into sheets. Half the copper ores of the world are reduced in the great smelting establishments of Swansea, South Wales. Our furnaces are chiefly on the Atlantic coast. Thus far, Great Britain, Chili and Russia are the chief copper producing countries, but the product of the United States increases year by year. LEAD. Blocks of lead with Latin inscriptions, supposed to date back to the Roman invasion have been found in Great Britain, and Roman and Moorish lamps and tools discovered in lead mines in Spain. The Saxons too had a mine appropriately dedicated to Odin. There are no records of ancient lead mines out of Europe; and at the present day, the only mines of importance are in Europe and the United States. Smelting the ore is very prejudicial to health, and workmen suffer much from colic and paralysis. Small veins of lead were discovered early in New England, but during the Revolutionary war, the metal was very scarce; churches and private houses were stripped of their supplies, patriotic ladies surrendered their shining pewter ware, and the equestrian statue of George III. in New York was melted down to furnish bullets for the soldiers. The great lead region of which Galena, Illinois, and Dubuque, Iowa, are the chief centers, was discovered in 1700, but was first worked by Julien Du 42 1869.1 MINING. 657 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. buque in 1788. The rich deposits of Missouri were discovered by La Motte, in 1720, but were not worked till 1854. The Galena region is our largest source of domestic supply. It is more developed than the Missouri districts, as transportation from it is easy, both by railroad and the Mississippi river. The Granby region in South-west Missouri is exceedingly rich, and a single block of pure ore weighing two thousand pounds has been taken out. The ore averages 80 per cent. of lead. It is found from 10 to 75 feet below the surface, and raised in buckets worked by horse power, or by windlass and crank. The mining is chiefly confined to a few hundred acres, but the lead deposits in that region underlie a very large extent of country. At present, the lead has to be hauled in wagons over the mountains for nearly two hundred miles to the railway at Rolla, or to the head of navigation on the Osage river; but the South-west Pacific Railroad is building toward the lead region, and whenever the locomotive reaches it, the product will be greatly ilncreased. Considerable lead is also produced along the Iron Mountain Railway, in South-eastern Missouri. All the American lead is remarkable for its softness and purity. The annual returns of lead product are very imperfect and unsatisfactory, but the annual yield of the three chief lead producing countries is estimated as follows: Great Britain, 153,298,880 lbs.; Spain, 67,200,000 lbs.; United States, 38,000,000 lbs. The imports into the United States exceed considerably the domestic product. QUICKSILVER. There are records of the existence of this metal nearly three hundred years before Christ, and its use in amalgamating gold was known early. The chief ore is cinnabar. The estimated annual yield is as follows: Spain, 20,000 cwt.; Austria, 2,500 cwt.; California, 35,500 cwt.; Peru, 3,000 cwt.; total, 61,000 cwt. The chief demand is for mining uses, calomel, vermilion, and manufactures. Between the Almaden mine in Spain, and the New Almaden of California, there is a lively rivalry. The old Almaden supplies the most of Europe, and ships some quicksilver as far west as the city of Mexico. Until recently it controlled the Chinese market, but the manager of the New Almadcn shipped 10,000 flasks to Hong Kong, and sold them so far below cost as to dr'ive the European quicksilver back to Spain. Since then, California has supplied China; but Spain, by the same tactics, keeps the California quicksilver out of the London market. The Idria mine in Austria, sends its product chiefly to the silver mines of Hungary. Its miners are a uniformed corps, numbering 500. The New Almaden mine of California was long known to the Indians, but was not worked until 1845. It produces annually about 24,000 flasks of 76 pounds each; the New Idclria of California, 10,000 flasks; and the Reddington, 10,000 flasks. As the demand for quicksilver remains about the same, whether the price is high or low, the owners of these three mines foim a combination and produce only what the market requires, not Duning their works much beyond half their capacity. Their product is consumed by our Pacific States and Teritorlies, Mexico, South America, and China. Cinnabar 638 [1869'. has been found in Idaho, and some of our other new states, but as yet, is not worked. TIN. Tin seems to have been kown from the remotest antiquity. It is mentioned in the Bible, among the plunder taken from the Midianites, as a metal to be purified by fire. It is frequently alluded to in the Iliad, and seems to have been familiar to Egyptians, Phenicians, Greeks and Romans. The Phoenicians obtained it from Britain, which, according to some philologists, means "Tin Island." The Romans had the art of coating copper with it, but its application to iron was not discovered until the 17th century. The chief tin mines of the world are in Cornwall, England, and upon the isle of Banca, in the Malay Archipelago, though tin is found in smaller quantities in several other European and South American countries, in Mexico and in a few states of our Union. Some deposits in California are thought to be promising, but as yet, no metal is taken out. ZINC. Zinc was first obtained as a metal during the 13th century. In the 17th, Europe imported it from India, under the name of spelter. The first zinc was produced in this country in 1838, for the brass standard weights and measures ordered by Congress. Pennsylvania, New York, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Missouri, New Jersey and Tennessee all yield it. A block from New Jersey weighing 16,400 pounds was exhibited at the World's Fair in London in 1851. Great Britain, Belgium, Spain and other European countries also produce it. Of the entire product of the world, Prussia yields 58 per cent., Belgium, 27, Russia, 7, and the United States, 3. Platinum, nickel, antimony, cobalt and other minor metals, are found in various parts of the United States. In the precious metals, our product is already far in advance of that of any other country, and under the stimulus of the first Pacific Railroad, to be completed across the continent in the early summer of 1869, a few years will suffice to quadruple it. In coal, iron, copper, quicksilver and lead, the resources of our continent are almost boundless. With the increase of population and railways, mining will grow rapidly into a gigantic national interest, and America will lead the world in the value and variety of her mineral products. Until recently our vast mineral resources have obtained only desultory notice from time to time in the press of the country. There are now, however, three weekly journals devoted exclusively to the subject, "The American Journal of Mining," an unusually fuill and careful record, published in New York, and edited by R. W. Raymond, Ph.D., a mining engineer, who is also U. S. Commissioner of Mining Statistics; " Hillyer's U. S. Mining Journal," also of New York, and "Dewey's Mining and Scientific Press," of San Francisco. 1869.] 31INING. 6315 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. LITERATURE AND LITERARY INFLUENCES OF THE DAY. BY EVERETT A. DUYCINCK. IT would not be a practicable task to present with adequate consideration and detail, within the limits of a brief essay, the various points and reflections which so comprehensive a theme as the literature of the times, on the instant suggests. The literary culture of the age is linked with every fibre of a vast and complex civilization; ablsorbing the ever increasing past, affected by the genius of all nations and a sympathetic activity in all arts and labors which has no bounds but those of the globe itself. The great subject-a worthy history of Literature-has thus far baffled the energy of the most assiduous scholars. The most neglected topic in our literature, in an age of criticism, is the complete analysis of the literature itself. That is a work for long years of preparation and long years of execution. Here we can give but a few passing thoughts of the moment bearing upon influences of the hour. The claim of America to the possession of a National Literature is still occasionally discussed in English journals, and much nonsense is written on the subject. The complaint is made that there is little sufficiently distinctive in our literature; and it is generally put in the form that while the country has a virgin soil, huge forests and gigantic livers, freshness of nature unlimited, our books seldom reflect or emulate these physical features; that b)eing a new people we should have a new literature. When one of our authors produces a finished book, its qualities are apt to be pronounced European, and it is censured as an imitation. It does not seem to be what is expected at our hands. The foreign critics would appear to be better pleased with something, as coming from America, vague, disjointed, grandiose, the skeptical in religion, the reckless in morals, the experimental in society, than with good grammar, elegant diction, profound learning, mature philosophy, faithful citizenship, and sound Christianity. Give us vigor, these pseudo critics cry out; give us originality. Your Irvings, Prescotts, and Longfellows, we admit, would be very excellent writers for the old world, but we look for something different from the new. All this is worse than idle. There are undoubtedly climatic and other physical causes at work in America which may have their influence on the persons and character of its inhabitants; but the effect is hardly to be appreciated in the higher region of authorship, of morals and ideas, where there must be a community of privileges, and the starting point, under a general and liberal system of education, must be the same with that of the cultivated classes of Europe. An American can not, if he would, separate himself from the literature of the past in any effort of literary production. He can not, without destroying his whole system of common school education, ignore his Homer and Virgil, his Shakespeare, Bacon, and Milton. Why should it be a reproach to him that the flavors of a foreign culture linger in his style? Every great author of modern times is indebted to his predecessors, and the farther back our researches in history extend, the farther back the debt is carried. Are Amer 660 LlsGg 1869.] LITERATURE AND LITERARY INFLUENCES OF THE DAY. icans alone to be cut off from this classic reproduction; to be driven to the crude, the odd, and the eccentric, that they may be admitted to recognition as semi-barbarians only by the men of letters of Europe? The position is sufficiently absurd. There should be no difference at the present time in the standard of authorship in England and America. The latter is not entitled to, nor need she ask, indulgence on the score of youth. The great formative influences act alike upon both worlds. The law of literary production is simply this: The best educated community, the most faithful to law and religion, the most truthful, the most sincere, the most susceptible to all noble and generous influences in life and action, will produce the most and best authors irrespective of the breadth of the rivers and the circumference or elevation of the trees of the forcst. Every genuine book will, of course, have its individual character, like its writer, and will have its peculiar subject matter. These will give originality to the volume; but no greater difference is to be expected between American and English authors than between separate authors of either nation. The American, as it often happens, may be elegant, refined and conservative; the Englishman may be rough, uncouth and radical; specimens of both may be found in either land. Pray, Messrs. British Critics, think of us Americans, as living not in the days of Hengist and Horsa, but like the rest of the world, in the Nineteenth Century! The statistics of literary production in the two countries prove that we are proceeding pari passu with England. The number of books or distinct publications including, we presume, pamphlets of importance, published in the United States in 1867, is stated in a valuable statistical article in Appleton's Amnual Cyclopedia for that year, as 2,110 against an estimate for Great Britain during the corresponding period, of 4,144. The American estimate embraces somle 300 reprints or translations, a proportion of only about oneseventh of the whole, which leaves a highly favorable exhibition for original American productions. The number of books written in England and republished in the United States is, we are inclined to think, becoming relatively less from year to year-a result directly attributable to American progress, to the material development of the country and its consequent increased mental wants; to the stimulus given to education, furnishing the means of supplying these wants. The country is, in fact, by the simple law of its necessities, becoming constantly less and less dependent upon Europe for its literature. Its books are the natural growth of its own life; and as that life becomes, as it inevitably must, under the pressure of a population advancing without precedent, more and more earnest, with greater responsibilities and heavier duties, so must the literature, in the words of an old poet, "make wing and get power." The most numerous classes of books, in both England and America, are first, religious works; second, works of fiction and books for children; after which come technical works, including school books; while poetical and historical literature, (including biography), and criticisms, and travels, are in about equal minor proportions. As in all other forms of production, the every day wants are first supplied; afterward, the luxuries and refinements. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Generally speaking, according to population, it would appear that the relative aggregate literary productiveness of the two countries, is not very unequal. The school-master, whom Lord Brougham, a half-century ago started on his travels, is evidently still "abroad" wherever the English language is spoken. If we were to look into these six thousand publications of the year, we would doubtless find them, with allowance for the usual per centage of mediocrity, creditable to the intellectual progress of both nations, while we might be compelled to admit that few really great original works which would long survive, were in the catalogue. The general impression, indeed, made by a survey of the literature of the day is, that there is a falling off in eminent authorship from the first half of the century. If we call the roll of authors of that period in England, who, at the present hour, supply the places of Scott, Byron, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey, Moore, Crabbe, Campbell, Lamb, Sydney Smith, Hood, Hallam, Macaulay, and their companions? But one poet now stands prominently forth in England, the accepted of all cultivated English speaking people-Alfred Tennyson; while one novelist, Charles Dickens, maintains the humor, so characteristic a feature of the literary prowess of the last generation. In America, we are relatively rather better off, for our foremost writers came late into the field; and though the literary world mourns Cooper, and Irving, and Halleck, and Prescott, and Hawthorne, yet we have still Bryant, Longfellow, Whittier, Lowell, Holmes, Emerson, Bancroft, Simms, Motley, each in hisway, a masterin his department. In neither country do we see the indications of much rising greatness; though in both are to be perceived an advancing literary standard. There is an average level with no mountain elevations; but in the upheaval of society the table-land of to-day is higher than the dead-level of the last century. The new mediocrity is a better article than the old, for there is generally more activity in the world; the interests which engage the attention of men are of greater moment; the forces are greater; the strife and competition are stronger; men must know more, and be prepared to think rapidly, to act with quickness and decision. The cultivation of the laboring and less wealthy classes is greatly improved. The number of persons who can neither read nor write, is much smaller. The education of the mass reacts upon the few above them. Every day science is raising the standard of knowledge; and though consummate wisdom may be rare as ever, follies of active growth, it may be observed, are of shorter life. In regard to the higher departments of literature, the present time, concerned almost entirely with the practical and immediate, may be but the necessary period of preparation for another great harvest of the works of genius. The temper of the people is being tried and facts are being accumulated in great wars, in political conflicts, in social organization, in discoveries in nature, in explorations of new lands, in an unprecedented development of the supplies and incentives of civilization. The poet, in nature's own time, will brood upon these and there will spring forth the epic of the new centuries. Nothing in the past has been lost to literature and art, and there is nothing of worth in our present that will not be absorbed and live .on the printed page hereafter. As Homer gathered up the early life of Greece, 662 [1869. * 1869.] LITERATURE AND LITERARY INFLUENCES OF THE DAY. and Virgil the glowing sovereignties of Rome, Dante the religion of the middle age, Milton, the learning which had preceded him, and Shakespeare swept the whole circle of humanity-so of this present teeming life, costing so much of pain and effort, redeemed by so much that is self-devoted, honorable and useful, There shall be sung another golden age, The rise of empire and of arts, The good and great inspiring epic rage, The wisest heads and noblest hearts. The present is emphatically the age of the practical and immediate. Good business qualities are most in request, even in literature, where formerly the remote was pursued by a roundabout path. We see it in the decline of rhetorical eloquence at the bar, the pulpit, and the senate. Fine speaking and fine writing as such are getting to be held more and more in contempt. The lawyer is expected to come at once to the point by the most direct road, and should he scatter flowers of fancy by the way, they are suspected by the intelligent juror as devices to divert his judgment from the true issue. In our American political representative bodies the practice hardly as yet conforms to this standard; but it prevails with men of weight and intelligence, while flowery tropes and impertinent decorations are an infallible mark of the half-educated. It is not the emotions of legislators which are to be excited, but the sober interests of their constituents which are to be maintained and promoted-most of the questions being of direct material welfare. The pulpit offers the last field for eloquence, for its province is emphatically to arouse the sympathies, while it deals with the transcendental and supernatural, and draws man beyond the visible and earthly; but even here its topics are best presented in a simple, easy, natural manner, given less and less to the doctrinal and purely argumentative, but enforcing lessons of practical good, translating life into duty, and leading man to the heavenly by the sacred analogies of earth. So far has the pursuit of the immediate in recent times extended that the Stage, formerly the guide and incentive to the highest literary production, has almost entirely ceased to give birth to a play which outlasts the recitation of the hour-a twelvemonth. The playwright of the day throws off a score of successful dramas, not one of which is transferred from the boards to the shelves of the library. Yet with all this, the better education of the country is yet going on, with a promise that the new life, at least for the majority, shall be better than the old. The present development of all the means of education in the United States, is a sure indication of the future. It extends to every department from the village school to the University, from the spelling-book to the treatise on philosophy. Money is being generously contributed to the found ation and enlargement of colleges, to the creation of libraries; no village can be said to be properly founded without its lyceum or institute. In cities, the influences of learning are permeating the mass of the people. The sta tistics not yet collected of the wealth of private libraries would astonish the careless observer. The taste of the public is improving with its knowledge, 663 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. as scholars push their way into more distant and retired provinces of learning. The reception given to Professor Longfellow's recent version of the great poem of Dante-the crowning work of a life-time of poetic culture-is a good omen of the future. Honoring Bryant also, the nation pays its tribute to the highest order of excellence, bestowing its admiration upon genius, which burning only with a vestal light, has been consecrated in pure expression to the beautiful and severe majesty of truth and virtue. American literature has indeed this honor, that its service has been one of purity. Its critics thus far have had little to blush for in writing its history. Looking abroad, we find the same honors paid to Tennyson, facile princeps, the head of English poets; and it is at once complimentary to him and the English reading public that every scrap which falls from his pen is seized upon with eagerness, and subjected to a species of attention mostly confined to time-honored classic authorship. A notable example of this, in the past year, is the reception of his philosophic poem Lucretius, issued as an article in Macmillan's Magazine, and at once commented upon in papers in the other periodicals and the press, the Times taking the lead in the work of analysis and eulogy. The poem, as a work of art, is indeed worthy of its author. Availing himself of a questionable tradition of the Roman poet's death, resting on unsatisfactory authority, untenable in itself, and derogatory to the poet's character, Tennyson has woven with this assumption the rarest felicities of thought and of poetical expression-such an infusion of classical conceptions, bound in blank verse of exquisite music, in a whole of linked power and sweetness, unsurpassed in English poetry since the muse of Milton. As with that great master of idyllic and epic song, his learning becomes thoroughly incorporated with his fancy and reflections as he builds the lofty rhyme. Poetry, with Tennyson, is consummate skill, and according to his attempts, hitherto with power proportionate. He need only take more imposing subjects, than any he has ventured upon, save in his noble requiem "In Memoriam," to assume his place with the greater gods of British verse. Secondary and below him are Browning, Arnold, Buchanan, Swinburne, who has hardly sustained the promise of "Atalanta in Calydon," and Morris, the author of "Jason." The death of Lord Brougham at Cannes in April, at the venerable age of ninety, marks the close of a memorable period. His name, if not identified with the higher forms of literature, for he was neither a great philosopher, poet or historian, is linked to the mental progress of the age by some of its most enduring landmarks. As one of.the founders of the Edinburgh Review at the beginning of the century, as one of the originators of Mechanics Institutes, as the author of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge and, at the close of his life a participator in the Society for the Promotion of Social Science; by his contributions to biography, his writings on political science, his elaborate speeches in Parliament, his persistent and-successful advocacy of legal reform, he rendered practical services to his age and country in labors which did not perish with the day, but are now bearing fruit and will continue to influence the welfare of the future. Such men, impressing the world by their activity, with a semblance of ubiquity, busy 664 [1869. 3lS69.] LITERATURE AND LITERARY INFLUENCES OF THE b)AY. in the diverse forms of literature, in the halls of science, connected with all the intellectual movements of the day, do more than is sometimes conceded to them by their cotemporaries in binding together and bringing out the mental forces of their time. Whether in co-operation or disagreement with others, their influence is great. England, of late, has lost several such men of exuberant vitality-Whewell, Whately, in'a restricted degree Wiseman and, though of another nation, Chevalier Bunsen. The visit of Charles Dickens to the United States during the year, though mainly to be regarded as a strictly professional tour, yet for the peculiar character of that journey and a certain representative character of the man, in his eminent position as an author, is well worthy of being chronicled among the literary events of importance-perhaps in both aspects to have its influence for good in the future. Mr. Dickens, induced 1-y the earnest solicitation of friends in this country, who, as the event proved, had not misread the wishes of the people, came to Boston in the autumn of 1867, and in a few months reaped from the reading of portions of his writings in public, a pecuniary harvest which is probably underestimated at one hundred thousand dollars in gold-a sum which invested in United States securities, at their present terms, is sufficient to provide a liberal income for the author and his family into an indefinite future. For this mode of recompensing authorship the fraternity of writers is indebted to the example and success of Mr. Dickens. The best avenue of the author to fame and fortune will still, we believe, be the easy well tried track of the publisher's counter. It will be the most constant resource, and upon the whole the most satisfactory. Let all other honorable means, however, be tried and if found advantageous, be welcomed. The prosperity of men of letters must inevitably add to the welfare of publishers; and without pursuing this subject into the speculations it invites, it may be remarked that this was pleasantly shown in the (ourse of the recent money making tour of Mr. Dickens, as the publishers with characteristic energy promptly followed in his footsteps with rival editions of his works. The success of this speculation of the trade was certainly complimentary to the fame of the author. If he received little directly from the profits, the book-sellers proved at least his best possible advertisers in keeping alive the attention of the public and forwarding the interests of the reading campaign. If Mr. Dickens had pursued his adventure, traversing the country in its length and breadth, he might to the equal delight of his publishers have added a million to his resources. In the other aspect of the case, that of an English literary representative, the visit of Mr. Dickens has already proved an agreeable one in its consequences. The British press has chosen to take this view of the reception, and it is every way a worthy one. For a writer of the merit and eminence of Mr. Dickens is a public embassador of no mean order. In him the heart and affections, the sufferings and sympathies of one nation-in which all are akin-speak to the universal brotherhood of man in every other, and especially where the glowing inspiration of genius is expressed in a common 665 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. tongue. Let this acceptation be enduring, a spring of courtesies in the future in the comities of two great nations to be bound by the moral and intellectual ties of the proud, sensitive, reflecting, enjoying, religious Saxon races. Nor is this reciprocity a sentiment merely on the part of our foreign brethren. Mr. Dickens in his farewell compliments and assurances of good-will but anticipated the welcome which awaited the first representative of American letters of similar position who should appear in England. Happily for the honor of the country this pilgrim to the British shores has proved to be the poet Longfellow, than whom America could send no worthier son or the genius of the country a fitter minister plenipotentiary. Immediately on his arrival he was hailed by a delegation of a leading popular literary institution, while the University of Caimbridge hastened to confer upon him, in full assembly, her most distinguished Academic honors. Mr. Longfellow will enjoy abroad the rare felicity of being appreciated alike by scholars and the people. Turning our thoughts homeward from this pleasing prospect of international courtesies, a word is to be said of an institution which is never overlooked in any festive celebration. The Press will always constitute an important province of American letters. It is indeed not generally taken into account in an estimate of literature proper, but it well deserves to be, since by far the largest amount of thinking and writing in the country and much of the best, is in this department. Nor should it be neglected for its incidental ephemeral character. Though necessarily written in and for the hour, many articles of the journals exhibit with all that should attract at the moment enduring qualities. There are newspapers habitually distinguished for acuteness of argument, philosophic breadth of treatment, felicity of style and illustration, candor and independence, which if displayed in other forms of literature would secure for the now unknown writers an enviable reputation. The newspaper press of the country has indeed within a few years shown a vast improvement. It is steadily rising in respect and consideration, in power and influence at home and abroad. There are various reasons for this beneficial progress. There is the general one of increased culture and refinement corresponding with the growth and development of the country at large. A popular institution, it rises or falls with the public. taste. "The drama's laws," it was said of the stage, "the dranma's patrons give." To the players as "the abstracts and brief chroniclers of the time" have succeeded the editors, who inheriting the maxim do not rise much above or fall greatly below the taste of their supporters. Hence the variety of talent, ability and propriety in the several forms of journalism representing different classes of the community. In the larger cities it will receive the fullest development. Here its improvement will be most marked. Its course is inevitably onward. It must every day become a more faithful chronicler of events, a sounder and surer guide in matters of opinion. Allowing much for the immoral exigencies of political party-which are, in a measure, by their very excesses, self-corrective-the newspaper press of the country may be pronounced upon the whole, a judicious and jealous guardian of the 666 [1869. S1809.] LITERATURE AND LITERARY INFLUENCES OF THE DAY. public interest. Comparing its present position with that which it held in the last generation, or thirty years ago, great progress may be noted in the mechanical improvement of its issues, the extension of its sources of information, the breadth and importance of its discussions. It has generally outgrown one of its most odious early weaknesses, its occasional meddling with purely private affairs. Time was when malignants or seekers of notoriety of a certain class, instead of carrying their quarrels, their-scandal, their professed injuries to the courts, would parade them in the newspapers of the day, with endless mutual accusations and recriminations, while the editors, like the gods in Homer, would descend from their pedestals to mingle in the affray. This license is now thought puerile and contemptible. A stricter interpretation of the law of libel, with its visitation of penalties has brought about a wholesome reform, and now if the reader seek defamation in his newspaper, in private interests at least, he must be content to receive it with its antidote, decently filtered through the legal reports. The special causes or instruments of the improvement of the Press are to be sought for in the concentration of the newspaper interest in great enterprizes, requiring the employment of large capital, which brings with it a proportional responsibility; in the rapid multiplication of facts to be presented and topics discussed,-the greater inevitably crowding out the lessand in the development and elevation of national interests, consequent upon the gigantic war for the preservation of the Union. The Press that once spake as a child, in those days now forever departed, of thoughtless levity and vain glory, the untaxed youth of the nation, that "very merry, laughing, quaffing and unthinking time," must now consider manly things. The war has made the nation old in a day. She is no longer the spoilt and petted child of fortune, but is married to fate and experience and must take her place in the battle of existence with the scarred historic veterans of the old world. In a secondary way, the scientific improvements and inventions of the day have had much to do in moulding the character of the press. Of these it is sufficient to allude to the employment of the land and ocean magnetic telegraphs, in gathering information from the whole world almost on the instant, to a particular centre, and the use and economy of the cylinder steam press in multiplying copies by thousands, instead of by hundreds, for circulation. The Atlantic telegraph has virtually enforced independence upon the Press of America by anticipating and thus precluding the former free use of foreign editorials. The brief fact only is now furnished, the text of the discourse: the editor must supply the argument or preach the sermon, by his own powers. HI is compelled to think for himself and his readers. Coupling this with the rapid increase of home topics of importance, the result is a complete emancipation from the old subservience to European notions or opinions. Formerly foreign interests took the lead; they now occupy a secondary place with our native journalists, who attend to the paramount business of the nation, once happily defined by Miss Martineau as "world making." 667 PART VI. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RETURNS. CALIFORNIA. I 'C^ ~ COUNTIES. 1 Alpine............................. 2 Amador............................ 3 iAlameda........................... 4 Butte............................... 5 ICalaveras........................... 1 6!Colusa............................. 7 Contra Costa....................... 8 Del Norte.......................... 9 El Dorado.......................... 10!Fresno............................. 11 Humboldt.......................... 12 ino................................ 13,Kern............................... 14 Klamath............................ 15 Lake............................... 16'Lassen............................. 17 Los Angelos....................... 18 Marin.............................. 19 Mariposa........................... 20 Mendocino......................... 21 Merced............................. 22 Mono............................... 23 Monterey........................... 24 Napa............................... 25 Nevada............................. 26 Placer.............................. 27 Plumas............................. 28 Sacramento........................ 29 San Bernardino....................... 30 iSan Diego.......................... 31 San Francisco...................... 32 San Joaquin......................... 33 San Luis Obispo.................... 84 San Mateo.......................... 35 Santa Barbara...................... 36 Santa Clara......................... 37 Santa Cruz......................... 38 Shasta.............................. 39 Sierra.............................. 40 Siskiyou........................... 41 Solano............................. 42 Sonoma............................ 4'3 Stanislaus.......................... 44 Sutter.............................. 45, Tehama............................ 46 Trinity............................. 47 TTulare............................. 48 Tuiolumne........................... 49 Yolo............................... 50 Yuba.............................. Soldiers' Vote...................... Total............................. Majority.......................... Aggregate........................ Aggregate..................................108,670 105,975 (668) 1868. 1864. 1,467 811 384 228 1,13.92 1,199 1,739 1,117 2,071 1,564 274 425 958 522 167 139 2,949 2,122 92 359 423 262 ................... 9 213 405 318 236 555 744 685 410 767.842 576 778 73 218 167 138 415 364 735 592 2,784 1,793 2,314 1,474 828 669 4,192 1,763 243 4.93 97 197 12,667 8,352 1,849 1,427 259 149 6m 377 343 80 1,930 1,202 974 452 .909 562 2,051 1,037 925 957 1,255 908 2,026 2,336 277 346 677 586 482 m 653 461 528 6,39 1,589 1,566 653 475 1.870 1,333 2,600 237 62,134 43,841 18,293 p G-.t, ..p.bli.-. 154 1,110 1,860 1,279 1,143 359 1,091 162 1,676 72 769 113 208 137 248 210 748 528 456 621 98 148 'i52 3,014 1,987 712 3,207 263 129 12,183 2,101 .373 628 428 2'307 1,153 638 1,328 835 1,541 1.7.99 350 581 351 595 338 9.94 995 1,331 ........... 54,5.92 514 S.Y.., D...... t. 67 1,224 1,262 1 1245 11050 699 738 173 1,68:3 381 5m 100 422 187 454 122 1,236 2,402 663 1,002 272 89 663 684 2,455 1,233 554 2,216 378 235 13,582 1,867 .345 417 301 2,.'330 737 556 794 918 1,443 2,402 642 1561 398 891 679 1,116 1,061 1,112 .......... 54,078 108,670 392 391 217 1,907 272 232 ......... 1~ ~ ~~~~~~~~285 ......... 15.~~~~~~~~~1 ......... .......... 686i 285 815 499 213 ......... 216 679 1,651 1,447 453 1,690 192 148 2 156 0 1,374 156 130 12 3 722 319 584 1,349 760 745 1,467 433 440 316 593 573 2,037 606 1,876 ......... 34,334 118,840 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 24 25 26 27 28 229 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 250 612 174 2,118 53 3g 92 352 408 262 198 39 307 440 2,536 1,742 458 2,670 307 81 6,834 1,131 148 389 46 1,465 671 464 1,468 953 680 1,236 167 403 244 516 141 1,634 534 1,665 ........ 39,173 657 18 188 1,391 31 103 ......... 82 3 6 1, 4 6 8 8 1... i j o " 7 2 2 8 0 9 5 76.6 7 3 8 27... 521 151 165 14 220 157 1,462 992 217 941 93 18 5,089 548 107 238 183 809 196 169 693 464 189 382 21 92 44 188 23 .1,056 130 650 20,691 657 17,200 5,219 118,840 110,221 76,033 * Now County tWith Sonoma. Ix 240 416 88 2,695 22 445 ........ ........ 377 ........ ........ 494 282 489 235 47 ........ 2,33 518 2,372 1,867 503 2,836 224 29 4,030 733 122 543 305 881 286 1,094 1,541 1,504 602 612 230 440 495 885 211 1,503 496 1,360 ........ 38,516 70 136 39 206 123 20 38 319 166 53 ........ 141 403 776 211 352 98 8 944 199 416 ......... 252 390 517 292 435 66 211 153 389 372 26 159 6,817 289 457 4,048 218 204 832 721 350 1,254 249 ......... 267 444 3,500 2,808 1,124 3,438 314 173 5,3.32 1,285 83 282 176 576 320 1,537 2,506 2,073 799 *1,515 436 491 436 1,011 2,48 2,936 553 2,451 53,365 17,200 305 288 2,958 123 191 ......... ....... 440 ......... 135 82 772 19.1 ......... 169 341 2,2.88 2,096 865 3,386 7 38 1,598 1,040 15 113 10 673 238 1,083 2,205 1,791 6,34 498 228 347 311 882 139 2,112 583 2,081 36,165 110,221 225 413 ........ 5,146 ........ ........ ........ 217 ........ ........ 495 145 854 ........ ........ 54 208 2,618 2,295 3,644 107 4,167 1,159 112 ......... 78 827 186 757 1,348 459 308 267 214 683 32 2,541 400 2,077 35,407 590 ......... 6,106 ......... ......... ......... ......... 210 ......... ......... S74 137 1,292 ......... ......... ......... 273 270 2,856 2,$81 ......... 3,'280 105 4,241 1,198 11 104 7.9. 306 971 1,619 492 474 ......... 205 ......... 785 40 3,132 350 2,199 40,626 5,219 76,033 t,With Sonoma. * Now County. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MAINE. d COIUNTIES. O GG 1 Androscoggin... 4 2 Aroostook...... 1 3 Cumberland.... 9 4 Franklin........ 4 2 5 Hancock....... 3 6 Kennebec.......72 7 7 Knox...........2 2 8 Lincoln.........2 1 2 9 Oxford.........4 2 4 o10 Penobscot...... 8 11 Piscataquis..... 1 12 Sagadahoc......27 9 2 13 Somerset.......4 5 1 4 14 Waldo.........4. 4 15 Washington.... 3 16 York........... 6. Total......... 70 Majority......28 Aggregate.... 1860. Lincoln, Douglas Breck. R,ep. Dem. Dem. :3,526 1838 65 1,142 414 167 7,934 4,815 345 2,281 11,358, 56 3,322 932'1,062 6,599 2,35'3 156 2,520 1,825 183 2,510j 1,073 210 4,24441 2,52'3 199 6,997, 1,555 2,018 1,656 401 3r4 2,257 630 142 4,048 1,833 212 3,800 1,434 537 3,515 2,320 348 6,460 4,389 294 62,811 129,693 6,368 33,1181 Frem'nt Rep. 3,388 837 8,211 2,529 3,667 7,320 4,935 4,364 7,861 1,734 2,956 4,283 5,159 3,299 6,636 67,379 28,299 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1868. 1864. 1860. 1856. V COUNTIES. O OGrnt, Seymour, Lincoln, McClell'n Lincoln, Douglas Breck., Bell, Fremont, Buch'n Fillmore 6 Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Dem. Union. Rep. Dem. Am. 1 Belknap........ 1,986 1,978 1,855 2,216 1,981 1,786 48 5 2,062 2,220 21 2 Carroll......... 1,947 2,163 1,782 2,509 2,148 1,993 42 8 2,185 2,511 17 3 Cheshire....... 3,825 2,350 3,492 2,444 3,843 1,912 166 21 3,910 2,269 56 4 Coos........... 1,382 1,542 1,116 1,459 1,349 1,330 43 2 1,200 1,508 2 5 Grafton......... 4,701 4,396 4,337 4,574 4,82.,3 3,504 343 42 5,029 4,620 39 6 Hillsborough... 7,265 5,421 6,378 5,325 6,888 4,557 221 88 7,081 5,326 85 7 Merrimac....... 4,770 4,317 4,374 4,768 4,794 3,813 276 56 4,949 4,730 43 Rockingha... 6,8589,7 8 Rocking.ham 6,186 4,8191 5,819 4,477 5,720 3,228 618 116 5,914 4,915 111 9 Strafford........ 3,650 2,3531 3,094 2,550 3,536 1,995 258 43 3,566 2,683 20 10 Sullivan........ 2,479 1,885 2,279 2,022 2,437 1,763 97 30 2,449 2,007 28 Soldiers vote........ 2,135 1,878.......................... Total........ 38,191 31,224 34,382 32,200 37,519 25,881 2,112 411 38,345 32,789 422 Majority...... 6,967 2,182 11,638 5,556 Aggregate..... 69,426 66,582 65,923 71,556 DELAWARE. 6O~ ~~ ~1868. 1864. 1860. 1858. V COUNTIES. Grant, i Seymour, Lincoln, McClellan, Lincoln, Fusion, Buchanan, Fillmore, 6o~ ~Republican Democrat. Republican Democrat. Republican Demoerat. Democrat. American. 1 Kent.................. 1,523 2,878 1,652 2,402 1,070 2,948 2,083 1,530 2 Newcastle............. 4,217 4,963 4,274 3,813 2,074 5,290 3 577 2,625 3 Sussex................ 1,883 3,139 2,229 2,552 671 3,986 2,344 2,020 Total................7,623 10,980 8,155 8,767 3,815 12,224 8,004 6,175 Majority............. 3,357 612 8,409 1,829 Aggregate 18,603 16,922 16,039 14,179 I I i iI I i I I I .1I 6fi-O [1869., I '1868. "P. 1427 2,060 ,706 6571 ,139 6,046, '420 1,407 1 1520 2,4331 1283 3,062 ,762 2,447 1 ,589 1,9401 1406 2,9011 ,831 4,109 1821 96.9 1478 993 ,397 2,583 114 2,42-41 '677 2, 1856 5,517 1426 42,3961 ,030 112,822i 1864. Li...I., M.Cll'. F.P. D... 3,363 1' 936 1,059 679 7,728 6,3(i5 2,248 1,790 3,143 2,144 6,803 3,347 2,,349 2,162 2,367 2,495 4,038 3,109 .7,471 4,287' 1,588 916 2,(;71 1,120 3,(i33 2,632, 3,938 2,7241 3,09!) 2,927 6,305 5,578 61,803 44,211 17,592 106,014 1856 D... 1,699 795 5,2.58 1,358 2,142 2,487 3,598 3,116 3,793 915 934 1,926 3,138 2,867 5,054 39,080 1..., u.i... 50 i 340 3 189 200 68 267 16 185 .14 276 174 84 70, 93 2,046 100,918 FM.., 186 8 605 21 161 340 392 28 341 97 397 417 114 . 64 154 3,325 109,784 t 15 2,6901 2,278 211 2,501 2,446 449 2',329 260.5 771 2 357 2,235 7921i5.0 16 5,270 3,393 726 3,466 4,697 341 3,216 5,117 453 4,785 5,725 1,913 3,393 3,93 76 1,913 41,609, 32,543 8,030 35,125 39,880 11,596 34,342 45,722 4,836 46,612 46,201 15,239 22,902 9,06. 4,755 11.380, 411 7,663 ,. 82,182 86,601 84900 92,813 38'.141 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1844. Clay, Polk, Birncy, Whig. Dem. Frce Whig. r. r l 864 1,701 248 732 1,816 233 2,358 2,070 374 348 1,364 108 2,566 4,046 631 3,124 4,583 675 1,589 3,821 628 2,830 4,007 584 1,702 1,808 33C 1,553 1,944 35( .................. 17,866 27,160 4,161 9,294 68 49,18 5 DELAWARE. 6 1852. 1848. 1844. 1840. 1886. Harrison, Van Buren Whig. Demo,rat. 1,593 1,096 2,321 2,195 2,053 1,593 5,967 4,884 1,083 10,851 &ott, Pierce. Whig. Democra t. 1,591 1,422 2,768 3,038 1,934 118581 6,293 6,318 25~ 12,611 25 523 287 1,083 580 12,61t 12,399 12,229 10,851 8,886 i I 6 Cd ~Pieree, O Dem. 1 1,837 2, 1,825 3 2,264 4; 1,491 5i 4.286 6 4,855 7q 4,6'28 8S 4,502 91 2,250 10 2,059 2~9.99\ 13,850 1852. Scott, Whig. 737 j 491 2,063 L 376 2,043 2,985 1,627 2,506 ) 2,003 ) 1,316 ..... 1 ]6,147 1848. 1840. Harrison V Buren, Whig. Dem. ............ 3,B38 2,302 525 1,341 3,691 4,978 4,084 5,072 2,755 5'03C 4,102 4,984 5,280 6,755 2,088 2,299 ............ 26,153 32,761 6,60~ .58,914 1836. Harrison V Buren, Whig. Dem. .......... .......... 1,446 1,507 80 670 584 2,708 750 2,878 594 3,187 828 2,562 1,068 3,696 878 1,489 ............ 6,228 18, 12, 24, Hale, Free Soil Taylor, Whig. 610 539 1,881 230 1,927 2,799 1,245 2,710 1,664 1,176 ..... 14,781 Cass, Dem. 1,769 1,885 2,076 1,282 4,060 4,773 4,218 3,972 1,912 1,866 27,763 12,982 V Buren, Free Soil 334 625 945 219 1,104 1,257 1,076 982 495 523 ..... 7,560 50,104 262 350 698 167 771 1,447 1,001 1,071 498 430 ..... 6,695 52,839 1844. 1840. 1852. 1848. 1836. d o 1 Taylor, Whig. 1,497 3,090 1,834 6,421 523 Cass, Democrat. 1,336 2,717 1,845 5,898 V Buren, Freo Soil. 1 79 ...... 80 12,399 Clay, Whig. 1,573 2,816 1,869 6,258 287 Pol}, Democrat. 1,416 2,678 1,877 5,971 12,229 Harrison, Whig. 1,205 1,671 1,857 4,733 58O Van Buren Desoerat. 1,039C 1,814 1,300 4,153 8,886 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. NEW JERSEY. 1860. 1856. CO~~l~eTIES. Lineom, Moclellnn, ~Lincoln, 0lso, rmn, Iluohacan, |Fillmore, Rep. Dep. Rep. Dem. Amerian. l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 1,109 94 547 684 160 1,453 2,0-)2 436 1,548 797 5,269 4,036 3,149 3,682 1,584 2,483 2,643 817 1,766 2,088 680 520 177 312 497 2,305 1,s301o 642 1,574 1,231 8,812 9, 11! 4,'60 6,845 4,338 1,953 1.4..6 639 986 1,380 3,49 1 5,150 1,702 2,574 1,411 2,82i 8,934 1,554 3,496 1,106 8,675 3,355! 2,155 2,857 1,064 2,924 3,605i 1,209 2,468 1,988 8,09( 4,089 1,003 3,319 1,815 8,484 83,312 2,310 3,008 696 1,398 701 892 660 304 2,814 2,415 1,422 1,618 954 2,226 1,973, 432 1,7(69 1,516 1,768 3,087 1,601 3,054 31 1,959 2,297, 1,295 1,846 769 2,1:)71 2,756t............ 2,401 3,225 1,56 2,877 446 58,324 62,801 28,338 46,943 24,115 4 477' 18,605 Ageae6,24 121,125' 99,396 d COUNTIES. z 1 Atla ntic......... 2 Bergen........... 3. Burrington....... 4 Camden......... 5 i Cape May........ 6! Cumberland...... 7JEssex.......... 8 Gloucester....... 91 Hudson.......... 10 Hunterdon....... 11 Mercer.......... 12 Middlesex....... 13 Monmouth...... 14'Morris........... 15 Ocean........... 16 Passaic.......... 17 Salem........... 18 Sussex.......... 19 Somerset........ 20 Union........... 21,Warren......... Total.......... Majority....... Aggregate..... VE'RMON?. 1868. 1864. 1860. Grant, Seymour, Lincoln, McClell'n Linoln, Douglas Bell, Breck., Rep. Dem.I Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Union. Dem.. _ I _.. 3,680 405 3,567 344 2,626 344 47 17 2,592 885 2,333 1,021 1,937 710 94 12 8,078 1,069 2,731 1,115 2,139 581 189 2 3,494 1,208 3,227 923 2,241 545 69.5 2 Sse761 283 613 385 646 312 10 1 2,869 1,039 2,689 1,156 1,979 538 227 20 371 155 370 1681 338 89 41 6 1,881 458 1,760 531' 1,280 312 37 3 3,226 1,246 3,365 1,701 2,714 9',3 212 38 2,840 615 2,703 6261 1,749 293 120 6 6 5,241 1,169 4,799 1,247; 4,178 1,348 116,23 38,799 1,38i 3,33' 1,552 2,941 1,209 43 4 4,311 9411 4'18,3 1,232 3,732 461 473 17 1 so 6,030 1,192 6,446 1,320 5,315 9,34 291 26 44,173 12,051 42,419 13,321 33,810 8,649 1,969 218 a32,122 129098 25,161 56,224/' I 55,740 44,646 * Gerrit Smith received 65 votes. COUN TIES. 1 Addison........ 2 Bennington.... 3 i Caledonia...... 4[Chittenden..... 5 Essex.......... 6 Franklin....... 7 1Grand Isle...... 8 Lamoille....... 9iOrange......... 10! Orleans......... 11 IRutland........ 12 Washington.... 13 Windham...... 14 Windsor........ Total......... Majority...... Aggregate.... I iI i 672 [lse,. 1868. 1 Grant, Seymour, Rep. Dem. 1,633 1,091 2,164 2,770 5'928 5,161 4,158 3,613 9.58 672 3,777 2,353 13,043 11,522 2,475 1,769 7,301 11,073 3,414 4,796 4,378 4'435 3,946 4 274 3,771 5236 4,283 3,934 1,870 1,002' 4,055 3,40{; 2,554 2,200: 2.186 3.269l 2,186 2r,i 53 8,42.5 3,734 2,627 4,156 80,121 8,3,001 2,S80 163,122 2 q I. 1864. Lincoln, } McClellan, Rep. Dem. 1.117 1,062 1I 54 2,431 )-SO 4,176J ::,3:32 2,758 761 557 ~.669s 2,034 1i0)2 9.239 1,998 1,494 4,616 6 r597 2,631 4,355 3,726 3,792 3,037 3,7'40 3,001 4,410 3,222 3,58, 1,292 791 2,934 2,773 2,221 2,1(;4 1,621 3,1(64 1,923 2,.8324 2,,381 2.8,66 2,0061 3,7061 60,723 6s.020 7,297 128,7i43 1856.* Fremont, Buch'n, Fillmole Rep. Dem. Am. 3,362 334 68 2,120 785 70 2,540 1,061 23 2,844 688 73 622 274 4 2,4M54 870 65 405 92 9 1.607 402 13 3,207 1,364 61 2,007 494 6 4,798 831 35 3,821 1,359 5 4,068 742 47 5,706 1,27.3 66 39,561 10,569 545 28,992 50,675 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. NEW JERSEY. 1848. C...s, IV B.re, Dem. F.e Soil. 7 980...... 1,262 15 3,014 30 1,236 23 226...... 1,319...... 3,824 127 882 88 760 80 3,220 9 2,058 26 1,807 129 3,450 4 2,424 91 16 1,670 1,88w C 1,'49....0...... 162''24''3 1,.304 120 1,586 28 3,443 46 1,617 20 ............ 3689 1 3 36,901 849 77,765o 3,49 'i 3,820 4 1, 5 68 60 4 61,371 7i6,924 8[ 1,2'21 9j 1,596 10 2,290 11 2,658 12 2,495 13 1,806 14 2,549 15 1,102 16 1,670 17 1,724 18 1,177 19 1,814 20...... 81 1,574 38,556 5,749, 83,211 3,114 823 2,317 560 1 840. W-hig. en 425 846, 977 1,3461 3,417 2,405 1,497 1,190 4,636 2,832 2,388 1,773 732 501 1,830 2,733 2,022 1,494 2,014 1,683 2,953 2,880 2,509 2,150 ' Y,8:2 96',2 1,71 2,932! 1,721 1,345 ............ 1,419 2,466 33,351 31,0.34 2,317 64,385 * With Monmouth. VERMONT. 1844. 1840. Clay, Polk, Birney, Ha Vrrison!ur en, Whig. Dem. Abolition Whig. Dem.. 2,527 772 312 2,806 9)16 1,656 1,450 168 1,796 1,42,3 1,762 1,730 184 2,025 1,713 1,924 1,444 386 2,286 1,381 392 331 18 448 303 1,872 1,438 261 2,186 1,191 3 3889 165..... 363 162 7485 9 411 907 888 2,076 1,910 412 2,874 2,216 1,192 833 245 1,294 745 3,584 1,578 333 4,114 1,551 1,650 2,08O, 301 2,057 1,984 2,642 1,703 385 3,472 1,715 4,669 1,843 538 5,817 1,821 26,770 18,041 3,954 32,445 18,009 8,729 1 14,436 .34048,765 50,454 43 I I I I I I i 1869.] 673 1844. 1852. Pi,., D.. 751 1,414 3,796 1,696 352 1,612 5,631 1,083 1,645 3,578 2,569 2,401 3,179 2.800 567. 1, ) 1,-i83 3,IS4 1,680 , 759 44,.'-,105' 5,749, 1836. V B.. Whig. 1.716 3,032 2,103 .. -4... ii 1,193 9.93 4,,343 3,3:34 2,377 2,20:3 2,344 2,549 1,801 1,774 .......... '.910 2,389 1,436 I,,343 .......... ,041 1,604 26,132 25,572 560 51,704 H.I, ,,e,. s.il. 0 0 114 27 0 2 35 55 29 0 13 0 5 25 0 c 31 3 1 ...... 10 350 83,211 T.ylWhig. 472 1,004 3,893 1,967 657 1,666 5,997 1,297 1,434 2,191 2,631 2,469 3,119 2,889 ..... 1,749 1,702 1,211 2,028 . i.... 1634 40,015 3,114 cl., Whig. 493 979 3,730 1,448 780 1,549 5,471 1,411 1,129 2,544 1,883 2,321 3,221 2,903. i. 4.. , 02 1,775 1,295 2,139 1 i' 38,318 823 P.1k, D... 848 1,440 3,017 1,203 314 1,371 3,6-5 0 902 703 3,386 1,577 2,023 3,434 2,466 ...... 1,291 1,493 3,490 1,978 ...9 ,89. 37,495 75,813 t Not o ed. 1852. Pi.." D... 378 1,150 1,480 803 382 1,211 186 462 1,555 859 938 1,231 881 1,528 13,0.44 1848. C..., D... 319 1,150 1,158 571 331 691 130 474 1,414 562 744 1,693 608 1,103 10,948 1836. Whig. D-. 1,684 939 1,260 1,098 1,410 1,028 1,360 1,0,6 164 193, 944 970 - 239 149 ,003 1,541 1,081 87',:,t 2,769 1,272 1,913 1,927 '2,242 1,464 3,886 1,450 20' 955 1,%962 61993, 34,M'I 6 C) 'o 6 z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 I 1 1 B.tt, Whig. 2,041 1,388 1,673 1,672 467 1,675 295 393 1,799 1,199 2,758 1,402 2,053 3,358 22,173 5 ,H:I., T.yl.,. B.il Whig. 642 2 1558 181 11559 487 1,367 908 1,763 16 370 526 1,456 31 311 689 28.9 752 1,780 3081 1,056 773 2,911 1,2171 1,398 986 2,648 1,105; 9,656 8,621 2',3,122 1 8,785 43.8-38' V B.,.. F,.". B.il 1,035 616 888 1,516 42 1,204 104 754 1,808 5,36 1,3-t7 1,106 1,443 1,908 14,337 48,407 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. RIHODE ISLAND. 1868. 1864. 1860. 1856. d ~-~ COUNTIES. ~ COU. Greant, Seymour, Lincoln, McClel'n Lincoln, Fusion, Fremont, Buchan'n Fillmore, c;O~ IW~Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Doug. etc Rep. Dem. Am. m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 Bristol.... 771 341 780 449 667 462 603 337 218 21Kent................... 1,162 576 1,365 815 1,246 657 1,260 566 15 3!Newport................. 1,532 597 1,773 844 1,610 879 1,258 750 659 4 No. Shoreh'm Township........................ 5 Providence............ ".37,8,0 4,254 8,152 5,369- 7,202 4',875 6,903 4,432 33.i 6 Washington............ 1,678 780 1,622 993 1,519 834 1,443 595 452 Soldiers Vote.......... 657 248............................. Total................ 12,993 6,548 14,349 8,718 12,244 7,707 11,467 6,680 1,675 Majority............... 6,445 5,631 4,537 4,787 Aggregate 19,541 23,067 19,951 19,822 PENNSYLVANIA. 1864. 16 4 C, 6 :4 10 11 2 3 4 15 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 32 .?~ 24 35 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 .33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 A2 COUNTIES. Lincoln, McClellan Lincoln, Fusion, Fremont, Re p. Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Adams........... Allegheny........ Armstrong....... Beaver........... Bedford.......... Berks............ Blair............. Bradford......... Bucks............ Butler........... Cambria......... Cameron......... Carbon........... Centre........... Chester.......... Clarion.......... Clearfield........ Clinton.......... Columbia........ Crawford......... Cumberland...... Dauphin......... Delaware....... Elk.............. Erie............. Fayette.......... Forrest.......... Franklin......... Fulton........... Greene........... Huntingdon...... Indiana.......... Jefferson......... Juniata.......... Lancaster........ Lawrence........ Lebanon,......... Lehigh........... Luzerne......... Lycoming........ Mc~ean............ Mercer............ 41 McKean...........1,028 730 767 652 1,077 593 812 526 47 A2, Mercer............4,979 4,078 4,220 3,569 3,855 2,597 3,6S6 2,699 118 * New County. t New County. I I I I I I I i 674 [1869. 1868. 1860. 1856. G,..t, IWP. D.. B.eh-.., Fill..., D... A..-,le-. 2,917 25,487 4,082 3,648 2,687 7,917 3,9S6 7,768 7,085 3,803 2,935 508 2,188 3,429 9,178 1,998 1,974 2,056 2,143 7,322 4,171 6,507 4,166 568 8,007 3,792 &55 4,451 802 1,86-9 3,417 4,809 2,147 1,473 15,792 3,789 4 1,345 51004 10,723 4,713 1,028 4,979 3,170 14,671 3,412 2,62,4 2,898 13,973 3,066 3,.-,38 7,613 3,'-) 5 6 3,558 394 2,745 3,646 ,6,490 2,928 3,096 2,582 4,022 5.4,55 4.594 4,31.)7 2,616 1,119 4,555 4,608 294 4,171 1,107 3,301 2,179 2,223 2,068 1,753 8,513 1,647 2,858 6,.321 14,303 4,839 730 4,0781 2,612 21,519 3,526 3,237 2,336 6,710 3,292 6'865 6,4,'36 3,475 2,244 325 1,721 2,817 8,4,46 1,780 1,516 1,666 1,914 6,441 3,604 5,444 3,664 348 6,911 3,221 85 3,862 694 1,583 3,321 4,320 11820 1,437 141469 31408 3,780 3,908 7 1645 31401 767 4,220 3,016 12,414 3,211 2,304 2,752 13,266 2,686 3,007 7,3,35 2,947 3,036 232 2,251 3,399 5,987 2,833 2,801 2,135 3,467 4,526 4 1354 41220 2,145 835 3,722 4,126 6'2 3,821 906 3,074 2'4771 21197, 1,877 1,753 8,448 1,,-389 5,920 10,045 4,207 652 3,569 2,724 16,725 3,355 2,824 2,505 6,709 3,050 7,091 6,443 3,640 2,277 1,7 S 3,021 7,771 1,829 1,702 1,736 1,873 5,77..9 3,5.93 4,531 3,181 407 6,160 3,454 107 4,151 788 1,614 3,089 3,910 1,704 1,494 13,352 2,937 3,868 4,170 7,,300 3,4.94 1,077 3,855 2'718 71818 x'IW' 1,683 2,334 9,396 1,911 2,219 5,756 2 1367 ,690 2,465 5,473 2,090 1,859 1,316 2,466 3,045 3,3561 2'7561 1,9401 52:-', 2,638 3, 4 7.9 47 3,213, 961 2,708 1,699 1 136.9 11145 1,211 6,304 835 330 4,2.91 6,803 2,680 593 2,597 1,120 13,671 2,963 2,658 306 1,037 445 6,938 4,682 3,401 804 692 390 5,308 788 718 618 1,2:39 5,360 1,472 1,615 1,590 275 5,156 2,089 t '44'6 142 1,321 926 3,612 1,063 480 6,608 3'065 21414 3,237 4,850 9,34. 812 3,686 2,637 9,062 2,680 1,905 2,458 11,272 2,069 2,314 6,517 2,648 2,987 2,895 6,333 2,760 1,978 1,485 2,889 3,391 3,427 3,094 2,005 575 2,584 3,554 14 9 970 2,747 .2,164 1,762 1,463 1,365 8,731 1,220 2,511 4,426 6,791 3,324 526 2,6.99 1,249 1,488 188 2,36 1,936 3,586 2,450 101 735 67 968 465 1 1952 11448 950 604 682 219 45 1,579 2,439 1,01o 52 289 1,174 566 286 1,645 263 615 747 4,5W 96 437 122 868 1,770 47 118 I * New Connty. t New County. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. RHODE ISLAND. 1852. 1848. 1844. 1840. 1836. O~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ Scot, Pierce, Hale, Taylor, Coo,, V Buren, Clay, Polk, llar,i.oo, V Buren, lla,,ion, V Bur. Whig. Dem. Free, Soil. Whig. Dem. Free Soil. Whig. Dem. Whig. Dem. Whig. Dem. 1 628 367 2 590 131 18 589 109 476 136 215 189 2 839 748 83 690 318 52 786 381 669 1,372 321 426 3 1,249 1,005 48 1,146 205 109 1,229 473 914 417 568 505 4.................. 61 27 4.................................... 5 3,8688 i5,529 431 3,542 2,515 398 3,751 3,192 2,482 711 1,196 1,247 6 1,022 1,086 80 750 450 149 967 712 737 665 410 597 ........................................................................................... 7,626 8.735 644 6,779 3,646 730 7,322 4,867 5,278 8,301 2,710 2,964 1 109 3,133 2,455 1,977 254 17,005 11,155 12,189 8,579 5,674 PENNSYLVANIA. 40. 1836. I~~~~~~ I , V Buren, H aio V Baoe,, DWea. Whig. | Der. 1,628 1,520 1,186 4,573 3,623 3,074 1,744 1,014 1,528 1,710 207 1,0 75 2,446 1,520 1,587 7,4'25 15841 4,967 .................. 2,844 1,521 1,462 4,488, 3,289 3,081 1,804 1,166 1,008 920 554 450 .................. ...... 74............ 2,242 924 1,809 4'882 3,981 3,277 1,366 1 812 284 499 649'........... 2,829 544 1,560 2,908 1,232 1,614 2,895 1,696 1,904 2,187 1,993, 1,372 1,335 1,224 1,030 ..........I...... 2,061 2,1344 1,312 3,035 1,669 2,016 ............!...... ; 92,8',92 2,1575' 2,i55 .......................... 2,01 0 01 915 1,138 2,2669 2,628 1,340 1,209 1,169 692 592 229 244 1,043 596 627 5,470'6,250 4,144 37 I.........26 1..9. 2,370....... 1,402 1,487 1,168~ 2,450 1,784 1,987 4,119 1,415 2,008 2,181 938 1,705 276 85 150 2,336, 1,991 1,253 1852. Piere..I.ale Dem. re60l 2,018 31 7,226 965 2 430 142 1,943 361 2,319 0 9,503 5 1,931 5 3,930 281 5,766 58 2,533 166 2,03 5 15 ............ 1,011 0 2,993 0 5,520 338 2,642 28 1,7.-3'24 1,318 2 2,102 0 3,427 9.96 3,188 0 2,675 29 1,737 107 423 14 2,738 611 3,867 ~ 3' 3......3 831 1 2,602 30 2,041 1,827 279 1,484 22 823 0 6,578 53 1,064 514 2,118 1 3,493 5~,340 79 2,790 5i97 7 2,693 t69 hBedford. i With B. I 1E ( f 1( 11 14 1( 2( 2~ 2~ 3' a PJ 3( 31 3~ 31 4~ 4' * With Bedford. t With Beaver and Mercer. $ With Bedford and Huntingdon. i With Bedford. ~ Not organized., ~ Not organized. h I i I 5 3 3 6 9 0 1869.] 675 1844. cl-Y, P.1k, Whig. D... 2,609 1,891 8,083 5,743 1"453 1,963 2 1792 2,172 31147 2,989 4,000 8,674 3o 568 4,862 5,251 2,247 2, 1 I'-) 996 1,123 ...6i....6. 9 a 1 1860 2,425 61070 5,550 814 1,883 544 874 788 875 1,738 3,370 2,636 3,,334 3,092 3,155 3,285 2,401 2,090 1,466 101 128 3,621 2,226 2,804 3,4-29 3,901 3,,98 "3,5,4 4,086 2,575 2,200 1,448 591 731 1,089 1,262 10,295 51943 ............ 2,636 1,791 2,553' 2,811 2,699 3,950 2,012 2,629 340 41 2,840 2,86.9 1848. 1,762 6,591 2,126 2,303 2,816 9,484 ,435 1,889 5,364 2,247 I,,386 1 1181 21611 5,360 2,306 1,168 967 3,396 2,748 3 1178 21254 1,547 242 2,022 3,441 I'922 11544 992 856 6,080 1,862 3 1199 31991 2,244 418 3,094 c; 0 ,0 6 1 2 3 T.yl.,, Whig. 2,5-t6 10,112 2,030 2,655 2,836 5,082 2,476 3,272 5,140 2,505 1,233 1,856 5,949 1,372 761 911 2,263 2,204 3,242 3,705 2,194 134 3,418 3,045 4,006 2,590 2,410 887 850 11,390 t. -... 2,996 2'978 3,516 1,992 367 2,977 V B.,-,., F,,. S.il. . 210 779 141 530 0 1 51 4 1,780 163 173 12 i 4 507 37 . 23 1 29 621 25 34 84 16 357 73 4 2 25 204 19 1 163 ...... B.tt, Whig. 2.725 9,615 2,093 1,805 2,273 4,913 2,590 3,526 4,928 2,833 1,461 749 1,916 5,700 1,2.18 997 996 1,165 2,775 2,878 3,673 2,08,3 163 4,015 3,030 729 1,559 2,511 2,.'387 1,115 559 11,636 1,984 3,105 2,993 3,339 2,085 405 2,211 2,453 7,619 1,260 31143 21910 3,582 2,631 41705 21100 811 1, 48 5,643 648 499 638 1,325 2,469 2,791 3,124 2,031 3,636 2,755 3,586 'O 3, 8'-) 6 1,953 476 t)66 9,678 2,370 2,405 21776 11504 263 3,247 17 2 1.08 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. PENNSYLVANIA.-Continued. 1860. Li niecn, F usion, Rep. Dem.. 1,701 1,308 844 1,553 5,826 6,789 1,043 1,101 3,339 4,883 2,422 2,475 2,372 1,789 39,223 38,024 381 832 1,545 521 7,568 5,529 1,678 975 3,218 1,186 429 498 4,470 2,556 4,754 1,297 1,824 845 2,680 1,944 2,284 1,091 4,724 4,074 2,857 2,620 4,887 4,622 1,286 1,245 5,128 6,633 268,030 208,412 59,618 476,44~ COUNTIES. '4$Westmorela-ad... 5, Wyoming........ [}York............. Total.......... Majority....... Aggregate..... 342,280 313,382 296,391 276,316 28,898 20,075 655,662' 572,707 MASSACHUSETTS. 1868. 184 Grant, Seymour, Lineoln, Rep. Demn. Rep. 3,381 647 3,994 5,492 3,782 5,314 10,124 2,724 9,736 436 108 475 20,006 7,659 17,23 7 4,580 916 4,376 6,760 3.702 6,356 5, 268 818 5,036 24,689 12,452 22,318 471 46 486 10,128 4,727 11,040 7,905 2,701 7,610 1 7,379 12,943 14,692 19,858 6,183i 18,072 136,477 59,408 126,742 77,069' 77,.997 , 195,511 175,487 COUNTIES. Barnstable..... Berkshire...... Bristol......... Dukes......... Essex.......... Franklin....... Hampden...... Hampshire..... Middlesex..... Nantucket..... Norfolk....... Plymouth...... Sliffolk......... Wordester..... Total........ Majority..... Aggregate... Majority.....77,069 77,997 72,161 68,950 Aggregate 196,511 175,487 169,175 167,056 II I 1 9 676 [1869. 1868. G-t, Rp. 1,846 1,807 812 2,915 8,083 8,803 1,269 1,697 4,791 7,762 3,825 4,240 2,664 2,416 60,985 65,173 370 1,313 1,703 693 8,707.9,428 1,925 1,318 3,261 1,778 473 851 4,882 3,392 5,549 1,951 2,081 1,277 4,759 3,774 3,020 1,757 5,051 4,867 2,.901.9 3,5,'3.9 5,285 6,360 1,6- 1,766 6,449 9,094 280 313,382 2 898 655,662 8 9 1856. B..h-., D... 6 r-) 0 6 , 216 560 2,845 666 . 1,168 566 1 521 7,993 270 1,264 2,188 443 1,458 30,9 3,861 41541 . 1,429 2,041 2,091 4,237 2,172 4,0.91 1,138 511 147,510 FiR..., A..,,i-. 1,050 69 2,265 149 1,838 1,340 1,407 24,084 15 6 2,682 1,064 1,405 48 51 27 186 72 49' 265 113 2.9.9 74 4,301 82,175 460,.'3.95 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 1,49 2, 7,13 1,27 5,26 3,05 2,1 38,22 8 66 7,0 1,25 1,76 2,548 1,.'386 1,0.92 2,15-i' 1,2,31 4,288 2,259 5,172 1,171 6,876 2W,710 83,200 64. 1860. D..gl.. ll, D... A.. 133 2,83 2,865 238 1,713 640 116 58 3,778 3,187 917 135 1,,9.93 296 608 182 7,069 4,850 31 76 3,58.9 2,987 1'426 1,869 41891 5,640 5,24,3 1,890 34,372 22,331 1 1858. , B..hl., D... 703 2,749 2,465 161 4,577 1,266 2,730 8,32 7,705 126 3,6.97 1,772 5,853 4,604 39,240 6 ,zC) 6 z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 R.p. 2,,371 5,202 7,980 338 14,832 3,9.94 5,184 4,597 17,806 420 8,860 6,703 10,974 17,272 106,5,33 72,161 169,175 B,,..k. D... 366 199 321 64 82.9 331 5.92 2130 921 9 438 2193 9(i4 382 5,939 F... i-t, R.P. 2 1667 51,344 8,845 317 15,885 4,445 5,5&3 5,166 17,222 58,13 8,402 7,M 8,582 17,971 08, lc)O 68,950 67,056 Fill... A.. 300 377 9.36 122 2,612 260 6131 277 4,0.95 73 2,670 1,496 4,64,13 1,12.9 19,626 M,,Cl,-I. D... 701 3,363 2,173 138 0,691 1,. 2,8.94 866 9,5.97 38 5,502 2,512 8,,367 5,615 48,M PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. PENNSYLYANIA.-Continued. 1848. 1840.t Harrison, V Buren,,, Whig. Dem. 1,226 1,269 345 1,447 4,068 4,869 46 866 1,455 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~............ 2,846 3,833 1,351 2,187 1 1,072 1,970 17,844 18,077 135 524 180 363 1,881 2,184 55 2,986 1,208'28"'3',6i8 ~~~~~~~~~',i27~......',6 i,'5 2s....6; i,.6......i 2,501 765 ........... 1,560 2,022 895 1,721 2,423 1,518 855 1,276 827 929 4,149 3,611 675 1,188 2,778 4,704 3,792 4,382 144,021 143,672 349 327,693 54D......... Pierce, Dem. 1,620 2,098 5,767 1,455 4,403 2,451 2,159 26,022 834 661 4,7458 I,203 426 $,046 2,614 1,.994 1,899 1,433 4,064 2,362 5,509 1,258 5,585 198,568 19,394 MASSACHUSETTS. 1852. Pierce, Hale, Taylor, Dem. Free Soil. Whig. 892 473 2,01 2,973 631 3,54! 3,267 2,091 4,84 2 225 48 29 4,576 3,485 8,55 1,726 1,218 2,13 3,458 757 3,30 1,425 1,243 3,05 8,925 5,231 9,85 189 189 44 3,454 2,479 4,739 2,080 2,440 3,56 5,413 1,600 8,895 5,966 7,138 5,82' J 44,569 28,023 61,07( 25,78( 125,27i5 ,70 votes were cast for 10,860 72,874 51,944 42,247 129,12 20,930 124,81 7,773 1,for the Native American tick *1,70 ote wee cst or he ebser ickt, nd 34for the Native American ticket I I 9 6 0 6 1 1 3 I I I 1869.1 677 1844.* V Whig. D... 748 917 166 796 2,409. 3,446 .......... 1426 1 2,378 7121 1,421 3't2l 1,011 12,28.3' 10,985 42 3,58 60 I(;2 687 1,380 .......... ,905 511 400 1,027 I,,328 1,14.3 600 967 254 498 2,805 2,445 340 724 1,725 2,878 ........... 2,005 2,756 87,111 91,475 4,364 c; u 0 6 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 5'.3 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 6.3 64 65 66 B.tt, Whig. 1,392 418 4,791 866 2,978 1,619 1,413 24,566 202 263 4,128 t' 9''8'6 177 2,035 1,564 3,081 1;164 1,138 3,810 1,232 3,203 807 4,700 179,174 H.I., ,.. &il. T..yl., Whig. 1,543 518 5,040 0i,1'9i 1,765 1,562 31,229 216 2'26 4,808 3,018 129 1,853 1,264 3,129 1,061 948 3,898 997 3,124 861 4,8'.38 185,730 13,544 C.., D... l586 1,830 5,627 2,258 2,295 21,508 799 468 3,490 1,12 303 2,563 I,,344 1,636 1,, 1,088 3,820 1,642 5,197 892 5,151 172,186 V B.",., F.. B.il. 26 3 251 ...... 38 8 5 877 3 248 35 ...... 21 19 301 1,039 25 164 136 468 202 122 37 4 11,177 36.9,0.93 cl..Y, Whig. I,.',18 414 4,491 . i.;. ,7, 6 1,547 1,370 23,289 151 240 2,571 ...... 2,660 ~i','8'0'2 1,159 2,788 966 899 3,872 899 2.672 814 4,237 161,203 P.1k, D,,.. . 1,51 1,80 5,59 3,87 2,44 2,321 18,851 76 . 5 3,4 . i.6 I . i... ,697 2,193 1,765 1,377 1,149 3,973 1,657 4,978 899 5,071 167,535 6,332 39,738 I I 0 6.26 0 325 10 59 215 79 0 204 243 370 21 119 19 11 8,525 386,267 1844 Cl.y, P.1k, Whig. D... 2,290 1,415 3 1656 3,885 41872 4,903 302 255 8 1518 5,259 2,725 2,047 3 1416 3,5.93 31725 1,605 9,581 9,124 633 237 5 1217 4,287 4,449 3,315 8,778 4,659 9,,35.9 7,562 67'418 52,846 14,572 , and 184 1848.* C..., V B.".,., D.. F,,.. B.il. 5 802 516 2,387 1,549 2,170 2,832 133 81 5 4 1678 5,020 11542 1,645 3 1061 1,284 11070 1,806 6,820 5,964, 1 9 8.9 5 2,4.51 3,5',38 1,847 3,189 3,173 2,132 5,058 8,343 35,281 28,058 124,409 the Webster t 36. , V D... S82 2,838 2,568 1'38 5,261 1,051 2.370 1,106 5,75.3 92 2,350 2,668 2,978 4,419 34,474 76,721 6 0 c; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 B.t Whig. 1,379 3,579 3,827 250 6,5,'39 2,552 3,445 3, -M 8,750 329 3,589 2,9.93 4,868 7,283 52,683 * 1, . 18 Bi-,-y, a.,,li. Ab.lit'.. Whig. 251 2,751 401 3,931 644 4,855 24 346 1,887 10,056 423 3,461 451 3,441 626 4' 083 1,718 9,716 41 671 888 5,404 305 5,065 509 7,557 2,147i 11,537 V B..., D... 1,554 3,780 4,904 294 6,513 2,137 3,312 1,625 8,626 320 4,238 3,538 4,3.39 6 764 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. NEW YORK. 1868. 1864. Grant. Seymnour. Lincoln. McCl'a n. Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem.. 12,137 14,080 10,206 12,934 6,555 2,823 6,240 2,561 5,727 3,885 5,003 3,139 6,153 3,868 5,506 3,575 8,261 4,880 7,534 4,408 9,387 4,441 8,700 3,992 3,709 3,707 3,292 3,109 5,875 4,093 5,552 4,033 4,213 3,709 3,471 3,546 5,354 5,661 4,876 5,240 4,082 2,109 3,983 2,063 5,621 4,288 5,297 4,249 8,201 7,490 7,201 6,643 15,822 14,454 13,061 13,370 3,606 2,150 3,224 2,164 3,403 2,264 2,839 1,837 3,662 3 150 2.972 2,887 4,254 2,847 4,030 2,772 3,447 3,954 3,087 3,897 *....H............. 5,346 4,109 5,087 4,207 8,421 5,883 8,592 5,842 27,707 39,838 20,838 25,726 3,412 3,238 3,078 2,911 4,823 3,465 4,580 3,553 6,266 3,968 6,182 3,748 11.682 10,019 10,203 9,107 3,981 3,810 3,519 3,908 47,738108,316 36,681 73,70 9 5,118 4,695 4,839 4,287 12,593 11,276 12,048 10,916 12,320 9,023 10,996 8,713 5,782 4,1631 5,409 3,989 8,129 7,879 6,784 6,633 3,')04 2,446 3,755 2,458 9,563 6,108 8.793 6,238 6,568 6,075 6,151 6,047 1,557 1,728 1,443 1,618 4,973 6,388 4,284 5,400 10,551 10,381 9,159 9,377 2,221.3,019 1,564 2,874 1,866 2,762 1,445 2,287 11,888 3,941 10,864 4,048 6,436 5,266 5,909 4,715 2,473 2,333 2,263 2,309 3,284 4,736 2,870 4,801 2,771 2,040 2,576 1,893 2,807 3,287 2,680 3,267 8,647 6,461 8,099 5,813 4,589 4,185 4,305 4,027 3,287 3,662 2,960 3,548 4,323 3,191 3,780 3,018 4,646 3,100 4,518 2,996 8,044 8,524 6,900 7,766 2,711 2 249 2 399 2,169 6,662 41063 6,221 3,642 6,322 4,405 6,122 4,392 9,641 11,667 7,607 9,355 4,226 2,591 4,123 2,568 3,136 1,750 3,036 1,693 419,883429,883- 368,7351361,986 10 000 6,749 849"7661 1730,721 COUNTIES. 1 Albany........ 2 Allegany....... 3 Broome........ 4 Cattaraugus.... 5 Cayuga......... 6 Chautauqua.... 7 Chemung...... 8Chenango...... Clinton......... 0Columbia...... ICortland....... 2Delaware...... 3Dutchess...... 4Erie............ 5Essex.......... 6Franklin....... 7Fulton......... 8Genesee........ 9Greene........ OHamilton...... 1Herkimer...... 2Jefferson...... 3Kings.......... 4Lewis......... 5Livingston..... 6Madison....... 7Monroe........ 8Mont_omery... 9New'fork..... 0Niagara........ 1Oneida........ 2Onondaga...... 3Ontario........ 4Orange........ 5Orleans........ 6Oswego........ 7Otsego......... 8Putnam........ 9Queens........ ORensselaer..... IRichmond...... 2Rockland...... 3St. Lawrence.. 4Saratoga....... 5Schenectady... 6Schoharie...... 7Schuyler....... 8Seneca......... 9Steuben....... 0Suffolk......... 1Sullivan........ 2Tioga.......... 3Tompkins..... 4LUster......... BWarren........ ,;Washington.. 7 Wayne......... 8 Westchester... 9' Wyoming...... 0 Yates.......... Total......... Majority...... Aggregate.... t The State canvassers put Fremont's vote in New York city at 16,469, owingt the county canvassers, which was subsequently corrected but not in time for th State canvassers. * With Fulton. $ New County. I 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 7 2 0 1 6 678 [1869 18(30. 1856. 1852. Whig. 7,246 3.670 2,674 3,687 4,8-38 5,612 2,326 3,880 2,286 4,142 !2,328 3,289 5,4.95 8,023 2,756 I',747 2,171 3,,358 2,803 126 2,679 5,656 8,487 1,72-i 4,096 3,379 7,467 2,995 23,115 3,413 7.831 6,097 4,402 4,221 2,586, 4,375 4,454 826 2,208 6,185 1,147 73,1' 4,570 4,4,98 1,654 2,958 2,213 5,236 1,917 2,054 2,2,34 3,410 5,133 1,174 4,230 4,033 4,033 3,005 1,974 234,&92 16 C) 0 6 z I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 D..gl.., F..'., & 11,145 2,530 2,876 3,409 3,954 3,673 2,478 3,686 3,270 4,722 1,712 3,212 6,071 10,885 1,793 2,402 2,8.97 2,456 3,534 362 5,531 20,588 2,274 3,261 3,216 7,291 3,2.53 62,293 3,741 9,011 7,222 3,6 6,011 2,246 5,41 6,061 1,32 4,39 8,421 2,3-, 2,36 4,00 4,55 1,99 4,21 I,-,o 2,99 5,02 3,519 3,170 2,74 3,026 6,25 1,9 3,48 3,9 8,081 2,3.9 1,46 . FiR.... A.. Li...I.. IWP. 9' 83' 61443 4,554 5,955 7,922 8,481 2,949 5,685 3,961 5,108 3,893 5,001 6,763 12,430 3,454 3,103 3,111 4,464 3,137 5,302 8,796 15,883 3,257 5,178 6,289 10,808 3,528 33,290 4,992 12,508 11,243 5,764 5,898 3,859 9,076 6,543 1,24.3 3,749 8,464 1,408 1,410 ll,,'324 ,5,900 2,154 3,279 2,551 3,025 8,250 3,-t56 2,944 3,760 4,348 6,775 2,719 6,173 6,668 6,771 4,4.98 3,014 IWP. D... 5,016 7,751 6,545 1,640 4,2.97 2,106 5,166 1,773 7,035 1,818 7,037 1,847 2,664 1,789 5,458 2,406 2,659 2,1,34 3,818 3,020 3,596 1,181 4,367 2,107 5,512 4,03.9 6,901 7,536 2,904 1,173 1,469 1,600 2,593 1,374 3,620 1,434 2,164 2,,346 149 250 5,074 1,650 8,249 3,4.96 7,846 14,174 3,124 1,114 3'597 1,652 6,312 1,861 7,584 4,683 3,076 1,485 tl7,771 41,913 3,906 1,864 11,172 6,386 10,0',l 4,227 4,551 1,642 4,274 3,948 3,088 1,052 8,246 3,683 6,373 3,595 963 1,096 1,886 2,394 5,153 4,415 736 1,550 668 1,526 9,698 1,950 4,524 2,446 1,714 787 2,376 2,837 2,542 981 2,163 1,625 7.270 3,217 2 393 2,045 11690 1,583 3,,331 2,154 4,019 1,4,30 2,932 4,030 2,202 1,006 5,174 1,632 5,776 1,999 4,450 4,60 4,066 1,911 2,994 91 276,007 195,8-i 80,12.9 362,646 312,51 50,136 675,15 a blunder of I report of the PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. NEW YORK. 52. 1848.* Hale, } Taylor, Cass, Ft. Soil.'; Whig. Dem.: 133 7,06S 4,002 678 2,789 1,283 ,347 2,490 1,959 561' 2,604 1,677 916! 4,318 1.034 1,146! 4,207 1,911 339! 1,943 728 303 3,587 2,616 245! 1,911 1,472 7 3,943 2,121 6554 1,879 946 339 2.832 790 3.3 5,376 3,227 510 7,647 3,360 174 2,629 1,002 130 1,353 974 115 1,976 380 313 2,890 1,180 16 2,707 1,551 0 t.......... 555. 2,43.0 699' 7 57 4,841 2,445 66 7,511 4,882 303 1,223 789 308 3,730 889 1,5841 2,898 1,565 7751 6,539 1,443 40, 2,924 1,285 206 29.057 18,974 1 056 2,828 1,313 1,033 6,032 3,585 1,5701 5,442 2,229 5471 3,848 1,272 316 4,172 3,170 605' 2,402 918 2,1481 3,655 1,1.34 6431 3,929 3,674 0 816 996 121 2,444 1,310 2181 6,241 2,68 5 30' 1,09 9 860 0 918 1,064 1,386 3,6(;',7 613 714 4,438: 2,515 00 1,7161 1,069 18 2,724 2,671 020 1,767,36;0 340 4,357 1,975 0 2,180 1,051 4 41 1672 1,363 1971 1,782 1,6 13 8621 3,003 3 1,270 268 4,6 5 9 1,970 119' 1,270 1,019 451 4,486 1,225 941 3,567 797 55 4,112 2,146 727 1 2,.381 1,337 3241 1,651 862 , 25,329 218,603 114,318 |i, | 98,0931 Clay, Polk, Dirney, Harrison, V. Buren Birney Whig. Dem. Abolit'n Whig. Dem. Abol'. i 272011 II 093' 5,106 13,290 28,272. .522,2941 98, 453,431 1485,682 441,142' 305,358 * Gerrit Smith polled 2,345 yotcs.: New Colinty from GeneBee. ' errit Smith polled 2,545 votes. * With Fulton. 1 2 3 5 3 0 1 3 4 3 7 3 0 1 i I i i i I i i i i i i 679 1869.] 1844. 1840. 1836. 18 6 C, c; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3, 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 8,363 4,009 3,064 3,493 4,550 3,703 3,18.9 4,481 2,812 4,455 2,064 4,0.52 5,600 7,033 1,973 2,074 :2,070 2,166 3,M 342 4,220 6,279 10,621 2,535 3,055 3,435 6,314 3,373 34,226 2,862 8,636 6,415 3.347 5,171 2,267 4,973 5 486 2,899 6,563 1,324 1,785 5,583 4,291 1,900 3,846 51 6,880 3,306 2,6SI 2,815 3,472 5,916 1,713 3,174 4,050 5,279 2,471 2,153 262,083 27,201 .529,,294 V. B.",. F... S.il. 2,407 2,040 777 1,236 3,979 1'628 2,1'66 1,481 1,221 21100 11803 2'90 1120a 2,357 1,119 911 1'602 11111 1,425 893i 4,342 817 1,258 2,100 2,739 4,671 1,602 5,106 2,080 4,816 4,942 2,627 1,434 1,722, 41254 11941 415i 8001 2,930; 123 ,5 6,0231 1,40-51 444, 654' ,52, 3,62,3 1,400 534 789 2,648 2,277 618 ,024 3,690 1,312 1,630 1,483 120,510 453,431 V. Whig. D: 7,109 3,913 2,681 2,743 4,908 5,612 1,791 4,215 1,919 4,322 2,378 3,071 5,767 6,905 2,612 1,524 2,107 3,604 2,968 2 868 5,576 5,107 1,6,40 3,773 3,683 6,873 2,849 26,385 3,100 6,983 6,495 4,568 4,626 2,600 3, li 1 4,743 979 2,547 6,360 1,049 794 4,672 4,550 1,814 2,986 2,327 4,.385 2,487 1,739 1,999 3,845 4,804 1,330 5,024 3,953 4,258 ,754 2,0-06 6,916 3,640 2,508 2,634 5,202 3,407 2,592 4,4.95 2,218 4.691 2,858 4,230 5,627 5,050 1,998 1,501 2,192 2,10-0 3,488 4,346 6,291 4,648 2,073 2,709 3,848 5,611 3,278 28,2.96 2,58.9 7,717 6,878 3,659 5,303 2,311 4,.382 6,050 1,731 2,751 5,618 1,063 1,679 6,008 4,200 1,6-i9 3,52.3 2,569 5,512 3,375 1,964, 2,545 4,013 4,783 1,791 3,270 4,046 4,412 2.102, 2,110 124 435 106 487 376 314 106 243 410 11 543 205 37 415 143 93 100 298 30 ..... 608 712 77 15 21 1,311 43 8 . 11 31 I,l 73 43 3 27 85 41 6,371 4,132 2,395 2,966 5,172 5,985 1,698 4,386 2,023 4,290 2,664 2,988 5,355 6,787 2,617 1,440 2,087 7,057 2,991 3,118 6,257 3,293 1,718 3,916 4,266 6,468 2,828 20,958 2,964 7,156 6,557 4,828 4.371 2,606 4,192 4,856 920 2,522 5,752 903 637 4,803 4,416 1,752 2,692 1466 4,081 2,415 1,475 1,9.25 3,969 4,492 I,,306 5,071 4,309 4,083 2,072 5,944 3,382 2,131 2,475 4,864 3,345 2,t296 3,995 1,828 4,478 2,229 3,847 5,362 3,687 1,789 1,110 1,867 3,809 3, 4,350 5,630 3,157 1,755 2,634 4,115 4,8,r, 3,298 21,936 2,219 7,769 6,561 3,451 4,845 2,031 3,907 5,580 1,583 2,550 5,424 861 1,657 4,751 3,873 1,579 3,137 2,472 4,820 3,482 1,679 2,180 3,558 4 1 280 11411 3,024 3,9.96 4,354 2,087 6 7 2 2 3 4 4 1 3 4,261 2,696 1,465 1,489 3,724 3,895 1,000 2,734 854 3,051 2,017 800 2,366 4,882 1,855 910 3,170 5,060 1,883 3,761 1,868 411 2,64,3 1,703 4,887 16,348 2,267 3,621 2,981 3,435 2,242 1,859 1,946 2,469 236' 1,399 4,634 649' 371 ,')-35 3,013 1,149 1,422 1501 2,384 1,0,37 m 1, 2,786 2,167 570 3,593 2,653 1,749 4,.947 2,615 1,642 1141284 3'095 1,724 31612 11331 31767 11724 2,823 3,973 2,661 1,603 862 4,303 3,271 2,976 3oi4 4,595 2,321 1,094 1,902 2,909 3,932 17,417 2,143 5,477 4776 2,731 3,541 1,82,5 3'105 4,627 817 1,6154 4,981 649 1,044 3,089 3,3.39 1,480 2,437 31650 21071 1,227 1,625 2,935 3,658 1,316 2,592 2,968 3,009 1,686 2 15 .... 7 5 2 3 5 10 7 15 7 39 24 15 7 16 6 3 181 I 1 1 4681 119 31 ill ..ii 243 14 30 90 322 12 118 .3,'38 563 19 442 207 0 41 16 5 26 ..i 42 0 9 5 32 2 5 29 16 10 .... 44 232,482 15,812, 225,817 212,527 13,290 ,441,142 2,798 38,5U 1661815 128, 805,&58 237,588 5,106 485,882 t New Coiinty from Genesee. I With Falton,. I THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. VIRGINIA.* 1868.* G rant, S eym our, Rep. Dem. ............ ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... COUNTIES. ,5 1 'o 6 z 1 2 3 4 5 16 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 4 5 16 1' 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 36 37 41 45 6f 1860. Bell, Breck., IJnion. Dem. 736 737 1,317 1,056 1,012 565 250 44 282 249 622 808 221 563 2,553 218 422 910 220 163 1,468 1,037 913 830 121 204 590 589 274 227 173 450 308 444 544 523 14 134 316 161 19 285 1,521 1,208 561 772 315 729 22'4 i1l 418 465 788 328 288 335 119 35 112 322 526 525 278 276 389 254 143 356 248 164 279 308 691 685 789 1,027 381 241 384 400 487 443 863 1 076 963 1'315 866 244 117 268 301 460 244 428 315 447 993 505 74 521 139 151 563 1,312 878 1,054 575 749 33 261 894 355 931 1 191 1,403'641 543 444 215 17( 147 757 ~388 5O( 148 6( 959 45~ 1,176 51~ Accomac................. Albemarle................ 8 Alexandria............... L iAlmleihanY................ i Amelia................... 6 Amherst................. 7 Appomattox.............. Augusta.................. Barbour.................. lBath...................... Bedford.................. 'Berkeley.................. ';Boone.................... L!Botetourt................ ;iBraxton.................. , Brooke................... ; Brunswick............... iBuckingham............. ! Buchanan................ ) Cabell.................... I Calhoun.................. . Campbell................. Caroline.................. L Carroll................... i Charles City.............. ; Charlotte................. Chesterfield............. iClarke.................... )'Clay..................... ) ICraig..................... L Culpepper.................... ).Cumberland.............. Dinwiddie................ iDoddridge................ 'Elizabeth City............ 86Essex.................... 7 Fairfax................... ,Fauquier................. 3}Fayette.................. ) Floyd.................... I Fluvanna................. 42Franklin.................. 3 Frederick................ Giles..................... 5 Gilmer................... 6 Gloucester............... Goochland.................. I Grayson.................. 9Greenbriar............... Greene................... 1Greensville............... 2 Halifax................... Hampshire............... Hanover................. 5Hancock................. Hardy.................... 7Harrison................. 8Henrico.................. 9Henry.................... OHighland................. 1Isle of Wight............. 2Jackson.................. 3James City............... 4Jefferson................. 5 Kanawha................. 1856. Fillmore, Buch'n, American. Dem. 830 821 1,026 1,092 946 677 183 383 150 276 44 9 683 152 431 1,904 1,499 325 9.38 180.58 1,044 1,015 846 997 113 273 341 904 494 960 261 451 131 566 320 463 t............ 396 598 27 116 1,065 896 414 517 260 687 190 106 247 463 350 845 225 404 t............ 108 35 430 512 184 274 140 351 178' 441 184 190 :338 298 650 t27 884 1,081 318 369 271 483 268 309 699 1,163 898 1,351 275 439 127 267 268 383 198 377 266 562 792 658 57 472 54 207 329 1,173 747 1,168 315 615 190 320 842 637 840 1,221 755 709 391 505 237 479 142 644 488 605 122 57 845 946 1,149 658 * Virginia did not vote in 1864 and 1868. i 1 2 5 1 1 7 3 680 [1869 Li.,,.I. 16 173 54 .D..gl. D,,.. 80 97 141 37 32 26 10 1,094 39 22 91 106 24 174 46 76 137 22 19 407 1 146 18 11 9 25 588 49 2 19 37 183 91 24 4 91 39 65 35 7 133 (;6 63 119 37 10 41 138 75 27 85 74 107 189 59 255 19 61 5 440 52 t New County. t New County. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. VIRGINIA. 1852. 1848. 1844. 1840. 1836. Taylor, T C..., cly, Polk, HV. Bu, H, V. S~tt, Pire Whig. e Whig. Democrt. Whig. Democrt. Whig. Demra,. Whig. Democrat. 1 5761 564 544 295 566 472 739 239 617 30 1,1631 1,106 833] 619 917 702 714 517 524 676 7841 577 539' 225.............. 4 931 206 104 149 114, 180......84 171 30 153 145 237 163 198 159 274 166 240 83 180 6 450 559 416 413 451 461 372 329 246 255 192' 352 190 322 8 16641 1,388 1,354 723 1398 665 l 04.... 4.....821.......2 '324'592 287 484 221 468 t... 157 179, 152 124 196 250 203 2..... 114 20"6 1,189 965 886 534 941 639 919 558 511 482 751 924i 608 544 663 539 599 372 380 260 117 212 68 128 421 738 462 683 394 695 407. 575 181 799 387 290 191 114 186 156 202 109 15 42 6 281 460 227 276 427 543 350 516 181 413 187 462 213 337....194.408... 261....380 177 258 438 530 344 361 548 596 475 520 297 468 1..... 451 494 237 23. 87. 346 481 436 192 206 ............................................................... 1,101.....879 794 554 833 656 718 487. 478 477 443 621 367 425 476 483 399 467 219 317 213 488 179 267 121 268 I.... 176 89 142 58 202 43 173 30 103.. 31 337 369 290 303 337 346 318 327 245 332 409 854 2.96 505 338 604 298 580 243 353 263 386 209 201 199 220 174 191 102 138 239 2. 38..................................................... 447 461 354 318..... 396 298 351 29.5....259......2 256 252 235 162 274 207 262 228 241 216 319 304 282 228 270 318 302 235 168 161 86 285 28 137.............. 156 211 133 120 133 123.....141 85 79.....38 273 233 186 135 229 186 241 12.5 130 87 608 606 489 320 410 391 366 321 230 176 928 1,045 685 503 761 607 683 533 429 368 9 265 243 257 134....249....163....199....183 339 189 384 301 271 225 216 297 143 279 U............. 440 378 271 190 305 244 334 153 56 300 620 802 608 606 619 674 569 515....348....530 1,024 1,421 795 834 805 887 755 743 281 518 4 287 350 274 3421 267 350 226 293 159 2954 114 324 77 178.......................................... 4 267 372 185 197 233 23o0 247 1791 177 126 195 396 168 254.... 165 319 120 333 67 282 222 267 193 200 150 331 455 581 59 377 644 498 658 303 709 351 568 308 371 212 87 416 63 270 66 300 62 230 ~............. 67 168 79 130.....83...:146..110....153 102 171 405 1,096 395 848 344 1,041 422 964 183 732 649 1,115 581 557 675 694 729 605 396 407 450 554 410 427 558 482 450 462 268 386 241 349 161 216.............. 858 532 525 271 533 272 497 90. 28'5. 137 601 992 443 611 479 760 828 1,341 246 601 5 646 548 592 393 578 405 445 398 287 246 9 30 332 315 251 306 258 311 191 238 213 0 170 431 101 288 61 171 645 10.5 393 93 i47'0 89 53. 4.... 89" 5333 43*9 459 239 233....247 304 258 211...... 63.97 45! 99 37 103 39 141 9 1019 4 64 958 898 738 594 725 624 667 592 400 269 1,226 776 742 272 983, 442 827 324 497 228 New County. t New County. $ New County. N Informal. ~ With Orange. ~ With Mason. 6 C) ) L 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13. .14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2.6 27 29 30 31 3'2 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 150 51 52 54 54 56} 57 58 59 6~ 186,'9.] 681 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. INIMA.-Continued. 6 18~~~ ~ ~~~~~~68. 1860. 1856. o e~n~ Seymour Lheeie, Bell, Beeck., Douglae, Fill-., Beeh'n 6 Rep. ~~~~~~ ~~~Deo. lRep Union. Demc. Demc. American. Dem. 6 i a Q.............. 255 510 2 168 438 6 eog...............184 223 37 127 206 Kn l............... 142 315 8 73 274 ............ 209 142 12 150 160 ............ 462 894 10 388 916 ............ 332 604 247 299 712 ............ 100 271 6 60 411 3L ou....... 11 2,033 778 120 1,979 858 ............ 498 754 2 247 632 .............251 527 32 117 486 7 o............ 74 834 20 57 750 7 a n......... 1 569 1,337 137 470 1,632 ............ 928 809 108 981 931 ............ 716 439 297 708 561 .............251 306...... 186 270 81....................... ............ 430 901 63 271 867 ............ 443 432 13 214 492 ............ 151 241...... 249 ............ 622 601 757 609 1,447 .............. 693 520 83 731 747 ............ 712 425 74 468 653 ............ 308 254 20 329 319 89 Nansemond...............477 429 1 445 416 90 Nelson..................733 390 112 520 418 ............ 264 172 2 169 193 ............ 345 152 48 366 298 ............ 984 439 233 787 644 ............ 704 447 52 1,008 1,230 ............ 234 214 6 3,35 256 ............`276 350 1 249 340 ............ 3232 179,28 140 203 ...... 771 1,202 915 716 1,464 1,632 ............ 4427 475 12 287 437 ............ 141 937 75 57 1,034 ............ 433 432 70 385 594 ............ 400 217 133 424 500 ............ 970 2`23 613 672 836 ............ 1,702 1,057 177 1,227 1,355 ............ 140 166 119 178 303 10 oahna.........163 3.3 30 115 417 107......4 678 559 214 t..... ............ 225 127 120 92 244 ...... 110 562 942 289 719 1,232 ............. 451 379 16 393 397 ............ 374 423 65 214 429 ............. 343 191 126 74 306 3r e l...... 55 243 718 26 233 709 ............ 332 250 5 200 381 ............ 400 327 38 391 396 1 eh............... 230 69 14 228 141 ......`259 243 143 218 441 ............ 491 409...... 351 492 119 Richmond............ 2,402 1,167 753 1,753 1,474 10RcmdCut............ 353 18,5 6 291 225 ...... 12 22A 544 73 277 506 ............`237 264 16 255 212 ............... 293 373 52 228 503 ............ 1,231 361 641 1,036 1,124 ............. 883 676 1,354 510 2,733 ............ 473 526 34 388 755 ................ 591 594 91 406 810 ...... 3 427 1,883 170 23 2,339 ............ 446 496 49 382 572 ............ 545 563 9 458 ~ 570 ~ ~ ~ ~~~18( COUNTIES. * NewrConty.NewCunt, 66]Kingz and Queen............... 67 Kin-, Georg,e................,. 68 IKing Willfiam.............. 69 Lancaster..................... 70t'Lee........................... 71'Lewis...................... 7`2'Logan......................... 73;!Loudoun....................... 74!'Louisa........................ 7,5;Luneniburg9.................... 76:Madison.............;.......... 77; Marion........................ 7t8 "iNarshall....................... 79:,Mason......................... 80 iMatthews..................... 81!M,cDowell..................... 82.;Mecklenburg.................. 83 Mercer........................ 84 i Middlesex..................... 85 iMonong,alia................... 86'Monroe....................... 87Montgomery.................. 88 for,-an............ 89Nnson....... :90Nelson........................ 91:New Kent..................... 92'Nicholas...................... 93' Norfolk City.................. 94' Norfolk County............... 95 Northampton................. 96'Northumberland.............. 97 Nottoway..................... 98 Ohio.......................... 99 Orange........................ 1 00 iPa,,,e.......................... 101 Patrick........................ 102;Pendleton..................... 103!Petersbuirg.................... 104 Pittsylvan'a................... 105 Pleasant's..................... 106 Pocahontas.................... 107 Portsmouth................... 108 Powhatan..................... 10.9 Preston....................... 110,Princess Anne................. ill ~Prinice Edward................ 11`2 Prince G eorg................. 113 iPrince, Willriam............. 114,Pulaski....................... 115:Putnam~....................... 116 Raleigh....................... 117 1 Randolph..................... 118,Rappahannock................ 119 iRichmond City................ 120!Richmond County............. 121 iRitchie........................ 12.'Roane......................... 1931Roanoke................... 12.4!Rockbridge................... 125' Rockin gham.................. 126 Russif........................ 1`27iSco tt.......................... 1928, Shenandoah................... 1'29 Smyth............... 1301 Southampton.................... *New County. 682 [1869. t New County. RESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. VIRGINIA.-Continued. 1852. 1848. 1844. ~ Scott, Pierce, Taylor, | Cae, Clay, Polk,, 0 Whig. Democra.t. Whig. Democra t. Whig. Democrat. 66 1691 349 224 258 250 328 67 132! 156 149 1121 165 1 17 68 99i 246 93 2341 109 337 69 136 122 137 107 139 99 70 403 773 324 521 237 578 71 2241 566; 331 522i 329 684 72 173 308'i 99 1171 123 177 73 1,8131 788 1,453 421) 1 505 474 74 356i 503! 307 444 364 535 75 159 374[ 169 272 196 333 76 1071 646 69 486 65 512 77 560! 1,197 324 669 286 677 78 743 7211 558 527 524 554 79 5361 4761 349 274 415 363 80 177 256 136 189 172 222 81................................. 82 304 6 32 497 276 618 83 268 289 194 184 173 177 84 95 157 116 125 131 118 85 688 1,308 434 809 393 780 86 497 499 488 469 425 460 87 501 490 340 306 364 345 88 270 259 188 201 183 216 89 500 462 311 280 361 244 90 591 444 394 229 443 291 91 174 148 167 101 198 177 92 252 167 213 90 170 127 93 767 7921 652 448 634 403 94 921 1,2241 629 650 627 591 95 298 1441 170 95 240 116 96 208 279 161 234 185 276 97 122 185lS 117 143 187 182 98 1,452 1,1861 9771 478 897 402 99 290 343i, 296 281 239 288 2 100 110 870 691 595 50 628! 101 489 399 387 272 369 386 3 102 375 381! 285 309 409 552, 103 515 759' 392 333 376 336' 104 864 877i 884 589 838 635' 105 152 2371............... 106 116 240O 106 2i2 81....... 22' 7 107........... 108 12 23,'''4.........1............ i........1 10815 243 154 202............ 109 647 9238 460 527 382 5041 110 409 3421 373 299 329 251.. 111 227 302 211 253 264 377 2 3. 112 91 2821 127 215 139 226 1 113 190 5341 207 412' 159 457 114 174 223 131 141 166 174 115 348 370 192 183.............. 116 1 28 63 *. 117 301 337, 201 213 207 1 99 118 331 436j 304 2.39 359, 314 3 119 1,854 1,012 1,064 345 847 282 5 120 234, 181! 182 148 202 1541 121 188 381 124 339 104 254 122..................... 123 2081 384! 183 249 177 2' 2 124 1,031 1,0841 665 501 697 543 125 575 2,473 395 1,655 290 1,716 126 301 275' 482 316 414 4161 127 354 577i 296 452 276 531, 128 291 2,094 176 1,404 170 1 1 8722 1289 4 2 9 4,,79 129 434 479' 326 309 2751 3711 130 498 4561 3,38 307 325, 3901 * New Counties. t Formed from Giles. I With Montgomery. 1840. 1836. H~arrison,!Van Buren, Harrison, Van Buren, Whig Democrat. Whig. Demoerat. 282 305 199 275 1I81 1291 148 42 115, 3061 61 185 170, 87S 93 76 275 4891 62 330 386 616! 144 243 136 189 57 157 1,269 381 935 254 375 475 116 458 228 302 132 202 53 532 32 307 *........................ 458 462 229 297 405 304 317 322 180 220 61 131 .................................... 319 561 206 146 124 t............. 101 123 62 96 681 1,236 309 681 408 420 223 358 338 261 163 89 179 145 46 100 383 2594 185 76 404 237[ 118 219 198 156 108 57 173 120: 529 298; 234 98 561 478 320 16 334 241 284 6 183 300{ 77 185 132 1901 o 70 174 922 2871 536 239 231 2351 217 386 45 5281 18 247 342 2741 177 2.4 389 468i 217'382 245 262 18,3 125 876 616 641 529 ............................ 107 210! 28 85 ............................. .....i........ 1;1 176 176 210 156 30 402 274~ 195 56 268 861 21(6 273 124 237 71 1M 167 393 96 232 142 161.I........ ....................................... ....................................... 450 321 293 160 318 300 171 196 580 176 455 11.38 177 151 115 108 *.......................... I59 255 ~...... 6,35 5 fi8 . w 528 4083 3e 256 1,444 12!) 792 264 2.93 9 284 441 10 316 102 1,218 52 73,5 1 259 305 76 220 378 3721 18; 192 With Fayette. ~ From Botetourt. 683 1869.] qHE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. VIRGINIA.-Continued. 1860. Bell, Breek., Union. De.. 599 516 404 402 197 115 177 294 647 575 306 934 22 99 315 4 +3 331 589 276 462 72 31 916 1,178 326 166 66 52 438 160 90 607 49 4,3 150 2655 102 363 832 832 60 29 617 795 227 90 74,681 74,323 358 '2 18( COUNTIES. D G~~~~~~~~~~~(rant, O ~~~~~~~~~Rep. 131 Spottsylvania................... 132'Stafford....................... 133 Surrey........................ 134 Sussex........................ 135 Taylor........................ 136 Tazewell...................... 1371 Tucker........................ 1381Tyler.......................... 139 Upshur........................ 140 Warren................. 141 Warwick........................ 142 Washington................... 143 Wa ne........................ 144 Webster....................... 1451Westmoreland.................. 1461Wetzel.................. 147~Winsburg.....................4.. 148 Wirt.......................... 1491 Wise.......................... 150, Wood........................... 151 Wyoming............................ 152 Wythe........................ 153 York.......................... Total........................ Majority........................... Aggregate.................... t Total correct; details inc Douglas, Fillmore, De m. American e 2567, 44 1651 26i 55 102 96 8~ 26 438 .... 11~ 231 f 197i 329 54 29G 54 145 ....... 51 56, 644 821 29E 5' * 153 8 24! 5t 16, 191 81 45 56 7.5 9 81 22 531 3 194 lfi,2'90 60,31C 167,2238 qew County. MARYLAND. COUNTIES. 1 Alleghany...... 2 Anne Arundel.. 3 Baltimore City.. 4 Baltimore Co... 5 Calvert......... 6 Caroline........ 7 Carroll......... 8 Cecil........... 9 Charles......... O Dorchester..... 1 Frederick...... 2 Harford........ 3 Howard........ 4 Kent........... 5 Montgomery... 6 Prince George's 7 Queen Anne's.. 8 St. Mary's...... 9Somerset....... ~Talbot......... 1 Washington.... 2 Worcester...... 3Wicomico...... Soldiers Vote... Total......... Majority..... Aggregate.... 1860. B~ell, Breck., Union. Dem. 1,521 979 1,041 1,017 12,604 14,956 3,388 3,805 399 386 712 616 2,295 1,791 1,792 1,506 430 7203 1,265 1,176 3,616 3,167 1,862 1,527 830 530 852 694 1,155 1,125 8Q5 1,048 908 879 261 920 1,536 1,3,39 793 898 2,567 2,475 1,048 1,425 ............ ............ 41,760 42,482 7221 Majority ~~~~~~~'~~l 7,414 722 ~~~~~~~~,'345~~ i i i I i i I i I i I I i i i i i i i i i i I i 684 [1869. 56. 13.eb,., . D.. 622 539 2 2:30 367 2 616 9 1,140 6 137 556 5 334 5 568 1 18 1,115 362 131 704 57 1 322 2 18 3 875 116 1 887 114 0 8.9,706 29,396 150,016 &y...,, Li..I., D.. I R.P. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... :..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... i 8 ...... ...... ...... tl,929 1864. Li.c.l., McClll'. R,,p. D,,.. 2,455 1,9.90 416 1,574 14,978 2,953 2,402 2,391 62 669 728 270 2,056 1,885 1,7.;57 1,520 27 961 626 1,361 3,553 2 J,p59 1 16NO 51,19 778, 413 1,26.9 496 1,542 197 1,550 384 1,482 99 986 644 2,110 578 267 2,980 1,402 664 1,506 40'l l' 32,739 7,4 4 72,892i 1868. 1856. 1,9.38 2,248 1,043 927 16,900 9,882 3,504 3,155 401 356 638 743 2 1,3461 2,0.99 11884' 1,845 461 758 1,292 979 3,724 3,304 2,074 1,405 899 633 8,'33 550 1,208 1,126 881 983 904 741 247 1,0.52 1,593 1,321 74.9 910 2,717 2,670 1,224' 1,428 .......... 4t,460 39,11.5 8,345 86,575 0I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Li...I. R,,p. 522 1,083 37 1 12 59 158 6 35 103 81 1 42 50 1 0 1 2 2 95 0 ...... ...... 2,294 D..gl., D,-.. 1 1,203, 98,i, 1,5031 4491; 43i 100 i 339i 3913; '381i 31 445: 82 ii 189 l 74i 9 1 9 1 i 43! 87!! 190' 8.9' 98 1 28-31 90 1 ...... I ...... I .5, I i 92, G,-t, R.P. 2,428 244 9,103 2,3,'35 67 474 2.300 1,715 35 476 3,869 1,175 4f)O 266 399 164 275 39 421 .%7 3,056 229 421 30,438 2,721, 1,6-tO 21,7021 4,377' 626 9)7! 2,607 2,4811 1,124 1,415 3,813 2,313 1,012 1 11745, 1,6641 1,528; 1,182, 9891 1,252, 3,1141 1,4641 62,'3571 31' 919 92,7951 8 3 249 60 488 89 318 68 47 34 1 2 288 122 130 .......................5.......... 607 40 325o 29 t............ 615 347 336... 90 118 86 73,858 45,439 46,963 4 15,286 1,524 132,4301 92,402 New County. ........ 6 280 102 37 2'22 ....... 645 42 3.33 129 58,572 MARYLAND. 1840. yHarrison, V Buron, Whig. De n. 1,460 1,21 6 1,415 1,261 7,296 7,326, 1,941 2,7(20 494 32 5 8 687 535 1,554 1,610 1,448 1,314 841 502 1,381 839 2,9.58 2,623 1,342 1,248 .............. 679 4761 1,099 665 1,017 609 778 661 895 415 1,516 844 749 682i 2,484 2.290 1,494 691 .................. 33,528 28,752 4,776 ' -62,280 Not formed. 1852. Scott, Pieroe, Whig. Dem. 1,454 1,976; 834 889 3 9,558 14,035 1,946 3,001 353 352 555 500 1,702 1,920 1,494 1,550 657 411 1,219 933 3,204 3,842 1,353 1,378 570 62.5 662 551 1,061 842 915 724 723 7.35 681 440 1,443 1,115 740 796 7' 2,669 2,728'3 1,253 1,182 .............. .............. 35,066 40,020 4,954 75,086i *.t 75,086 72,359 68,660 62,280 48,120 * New County. + Not formed. I O ii 14t 144 14~ 14~ 14C 15C 151 15' 15~ ............. 305 67 .............. 66 50 .............. .............. 533,%30 .............. 309 553 113 109 43,677 49,570 5,8931 1 93,247 t New County. ...... 26 ....... 83 ....... ....... 513 ....... 2793 192 42,501 ....... ....... 7 ....... ....... 392 12 43,893I 1,392 66,394 [ $ New C, .... i.b ....... 68 ....... ....... 315 ....... 112 57 23,368 ....... 52 ....... 4 ....... ........ 29 ....... 3 30,261 6,893 .53,629 unty. 1844. Clay, Polk, Whig. Dem. 1,424 1,491 1,777 1,503 8,413 8,886 2,301 2,716 451 344 680 552 1,784 1,694 1,527 1,504 785 519 1,377 903 3.190 2,994 1,517. 1,247 ~........2.7 1,124 852 1,054 666 749 722 1,449 902 783 468 79C5 712 2,633 2,565 1,453 909 .............. .................. 35,984 32,676 3,.308 68,660 1848. Cas., Dem. 1,620 1,486 10,995 2,669 3,35 ~ 580 1,672 1,444 398 820 2,983 1,253 ....... 771 733 612 422 1,005 719 2,434 1,130 ....... ....... 34,528 ~ 5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1836. Harrison, r ]]uren, Whig. Dem. 1,082 8,34 1,092 882 5,630 5,740 2,069 2,482 363 284 576 492 ~-............ 1,020,92 514 2.56 966 694 3,130 3,015 1,080 920 ...... /........... 946 515 728 450 637 517 643 190 1,0.30 523 656 479 2,079 1 995 1,032 11541, .................. .................. 25,852 22,268 3,584 48,120 Taylor, Whig. 1,579 1,693 10,474 2,527 431 492 1,763 1,504 769 1,367 3,158 1,521 5 1,057 1,0.51 725 788 1,413 7O6 2,688 1,351 ....... ....... 37,702 3,174 V Buren, Free Soil. 72 C 4 0 0 20 3 ....... 3 o 1 0 129 "/2,359 [ew Co aty. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. NORTH CAROLINA.* 1856. Fillmore, BuchananAmerican. Democrat. d C; d 0 V; z COUNTIES. Gr ant, Seynour, Republican. Demorat. I i I: I [ i' ) I i' Realia. eoea. non emeat emoat mejan e)on 1 Alamance................1102 1,055 661 536 86 452 71 Alamance............... Alleghany............... Alexander............... Anson................... Ashe.................... Beaufort................ Bertie................... Bladen.................. Brunswick.............. Burke................... Buncombe.............. Cabarras................ Caldwell................. Camden.................. Carteret................. Caswell................. Catawba................. Chatham................ Cherokee................ Chowan................ Cleveland............... Columbus............... Craven.................. Cumberland............. Curiituck............... Davidson................ Davie................... Dutplin.................. 2Edgecomb............... Forsyth................. Franklin................ Gaston.................. Gates................... Granville................ Greene.................. Guilford................. Halifax.................. Harnctt................. Haywood................ Henderson.............. Hertford................ Hyde................... Iredell.................. Jackson................. Johnson................. Jones................... Lenoir.................. Lincoln................. Macon.................. Madison................. Martin.................. 5McDowell............... Mecklenbulrg............ Montgomery............ Moore................... Nash.................... New Hanover........... Northampton............ 59Ouslow.................. Orange.................. Pasquotank................. Pcrquimans............. Person.................. Pitt.................... 63~~~~~~~ Pesnorth.........8 814oir 1 483 420 9ot 21 543 * North Carolina did not vote in 1864. ~New County. I I I i I I [1,%g. 686 1868. 1860. B,.ki.,idg. D"..".t. B,,ll,. u.j... D..gl.., D...... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 is 19 20 21 22 3 2,4 25 26 27 28 29 .30 31 32 33 1A 36 37 38 .3.9 40 41 42 43 1 44 i 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54, 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 6,4 1,102 245 351 1,002 620 1,318 1,517 1,372 878 927 1,085 828 383 474 88,19 1,416 407 1,823 383 692 677 434 3'1389 1"757 431 1,679 522 961 2'13,37 l,lo2 1,429 800 448 2,512 782 1'1,39 31080 690 403 571 795 667 841 244 1,345 592 1,192 641 315 528 943 676 1,702 718 1,067 740 3,568 1,8,S9 408 1,310 898 86,3 881 1,77.5 1,055 2,94 516 1,050 624 1,227 753 1,079 698 744 1,090 1,062 617 514 905 1,429 1,057 1,151 256 467 930 823 1,461 1,2.34 8s3 821 723 1,488 1,158 314 1,226 (;04 650 1,846 598 1,479 1,314 691 408 290 581 808 1,518 500 957 44l 838 593 502 305 921 503 1,916 220 735 1,018 2,231 803 726 1,8,34 .511 529 814 1,247 661 871 717 1,082 597 44'i 705 sio 449 5013 441 237 970 677 2:39 196 322 69,3 670 f 1,186 641 149 196 965 318 131 394 868 326 1,838 546 138 248 496 418 459 1,625 142 630 165 317 243 469 333 349 826 725 588 64 664 506 153 956 477 341 483 710 536 3 245 229 549 399 326 470 662 445 229 813 370 994 878 604 459 194 1,091 723 492 87!) 595 728 329 I,,380 1,789 825 759 826 338 870 381 304 757 542 367 425 246 395 328 403 91,4 197 533 473 221 276 1,101 102 299 1'323 11617 654 781 787 239 2,34 420 731 36 2 7 1 42 17 4 4 9 is 9 8 42 13 3 194 1 5 38 6 1214 35 i5 31 3 7 70 14 ,56 1 2 83 118 22 78 13 4 20 's 31 0 10 13 2.2 i 130 3 179 4 5 43 24 72 4 9 8 452 322 723 617 796 511 367 384 311 731 594 374 474 389 212 168 787 522 212 71 212 475 767 128 964 477 117 151 772 255 53 305 756 218 1,515 509 406 375 398 1,241 65 619 157 264 226 308 182 311 274 573 89 6t 1,77 466 145 747 532 3,4(i 21.9 .570 714 311 531 525 453 463 364 3148 778 365 364 89 463 917 653 761 443 55 796 527 595 1,257 538 634 279 1,173 1,581 1,043 7fi3 597 388 1,060 3-i5 413 6&3 413 4,M 301 248 404 958 211 424 514 247 4(;O 725 31o 1,031 108 440 1,068 1.472 621 683 902 299 254 543 ,,:I, 0 t Thrown out. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. NORTIH CAROLINA. 44. 1840. 1836. Polk, Harrison, Van Buren, White, Van Buren, Demoorat. Whig. Demoerat. Whig. Demoorat. .............................. .............................. ........................ 481 1,194 395 689 2.99 477 578 460 297 343 527 761 309 616 180 4391 4 96 385 312 442 486, 346 4 14 195 203 283 350 230 123 88 228 1,623 309 744 332 412 1,436 450 724 350 874 891 354 440 231 219........................ 101 612 100 157 88 315 454 189 193 152 1,182 276 1,169 7 1,055 ...... I..... i...........,,..... 729 t4 568 718 5,m 225 414 113 ~........ 166 330 158 203 140 624........................... 36 3 204 315 112 159 628 666 540 187 323 1,101 612 950 418 6 67 551 142 468 33 424 610 1, 4 4 1 390 5 93 108 282 687 225......... 936 253 807 197 682 1,503 135 1,374 90 1,175 .............................. 760 374 689 283 584 .............................. 355 378 328 10 3 281 9452 933 778 664 49 4 276 297 215 143 1 78 515 2,300 414 788 335 456, 604 356 495 330 ................................ "67 431 221 136 205 141 D.................. 253 39 6 199 253 214 1641 431 89 169 74 33 01 1,780 328 772 337 .... 5.9 7 5i49 30.6. 44 1421 243 132 155 90 356. 172 281 1,7361 1602 1958 591 1,386 224 433 168 182 28 ........................................ 580 291 596 179 559 ......................................... 1,201 1,000 1,246 71.2 985 139 1,136 105 644 106 500 529 495 181 493 894 78 797 95 481 1,122 293 1,042 150 735 364 550 aS3 359 183 717 143 690 140 446 1,589 1,639 1,448i 905 1,103 2,32 693 1491 200 155 223i 596 134] 166 * 50 649! 214 597i 160 507 476i 627 3911 377 368 $With Burke. IINew County. ~ New County. 1852. 2 ~ Scott,!Pierce, Whig. I Democat. ............ 2.......... 3 29 98 4 992 369 5 558 396 6 910 574 7 498, 444 8 3711 582 9 3521 301 10 761 389 11 557 376 12 642 371 13 493 146 14 503 107 15 414 388 16 226 931 17............ 18 5 16. 72 19 534 290 20 225.219 '21 211 494 22 178 357 2.3 583 694 24 8111 1,488 25 134. 490 26 1,o09l 497 27 414.259 2S 186i 930 29 89 1,454 .30.......I...... 31 363 0 32;............ 331 36S 368 341 991 945 351 325 326 36! 1,552 345 371 497 424 38i.......... 39 314" 302 40 493 210 41 290! 236 42 335 " 227 43 909 280 44............ 45! 708 870 46 1911! 201 47 282! 397 48 621i 1,418 49. 3091 240 50......... 51! 2891 567 52*..... 1...... 531 680 1,115 54 620 132 55 5461 484 56 881 1,030 57 3831 1,400 58 455 530 59 175 597 60 1,441 1,307 61 539 316 62 324 270 63 26.3 471 641 679i 602 *With Burke. 1848. Taylor, Cassi, Clay, Whig. Democrat. Whig. .................. ......................... .................. ,084 359 1,012 660 358 522 9 23 46 3 9 36 2 524 3 02 4 7 5 280 341 280 31 9 237 351 21,21 0 28 6 1,23 4 996 434 961 756 377 718 5 03 96 598 4 93 70 5 56 474 317 434 293 1,087 283 ..................5... 1,o3 519 1,136 549 175 390 295 171 305 314 421 36 6 169 274 135 6 96 616 654 8 12 1,191 703 193 466 157 1,087 52 0 1,091 448 251 52 9 31 8 939 223 143 1,33 5 126 ......................... 341 658 33 6 379 289 355 959 831 936 318 237 302 1,714 373 2,134 582 446 592 .................. 418 213 342 541 116 555 316 144 309 495 2361 318 1,137 211 1,582 .................. 646 746 595 242 136 203 282 334 225 828 1,593 790 427 207 374 t................. 361 545 310 559 161~. 775 945 909 583 82 658 588 406, 540 113 798 74 464 1,255 382 493 488 519 211 686 194 1,667 1,585 1,686 570 244 668 434 253 44 346 518 275 636 4791 634 t New County. ~ From Macon. 1869.] 687 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. NORTH CAROLINA.-Continued. 1856. Fillmore, Buchanan, American. Democrat. 124 156 1,025 336 500 176 566 673 359 1,001 865 77. 412 576 358 9' 27 731 108 331 (658 362 706 277 92 236 655 789 1,472 78 841 368 148 364 236 208 1,172 992 380 ............ 694 483 208 616 36,886 48,246 11,360 85,132 COUNTIES. Polk.................... Randolph............... Richmond............... Robeson................ Rockingham............ Rowan.................. Rutherford.............. Sampson................ Stanley.................. Stokes.................. Surrey.................. Tyrrel................... Union................... Wake................... Warren.................. Watauga................ Washington............. Wayne.................. Wilkes.................. Wilson.................. Yadkin.................. Yancey.................. Total.................. Majority............... Aggregate............. Aggregate +165,341 96,139 35,132 * dgecomb. t New itchell and Transylvania (new Coun GEORGIA.* 1868. Grant, Seymour, Republinan. Democrat. ...... 336 33 724 1,056 719 246.352 19 614 2,918 2,194 158 1,303 302 221 ...... 425 1,632 931 247 606 391 548 440 112 601 663 562 1,120 668 1,473 194 447 95 156 2,316 4,643 3 53. 147 534 339 814 1,186 1,197 351 502 195 463 75 311 613 1,034 *Georgia did L 6 'O COUNTIES. 6; z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 27 Appling................. Baker................... Baldwin................. Banks................... Berrien................. Bibb.................... Brooks.................. Bryan................... Bullock................. Burke................... Butts.................... Calhoun................. Camden.................. Campbell................ Carroll.................. Cass..................... Catoosa................. Charlton................ Chatham................ Chattahoochee.......... Chattooga............... Cherokee................ Clarke................... Clay..................... Clayton.................. Clinch................... Cobb.................... 27 Cobb.....................613 1,034 583 1,377 54 764 1,281 * Georgia did not vote iu 1864. i i i I i 1 6 6 688 [i869. 1860. B,,,.ki.dg. D..-.t. . 270 321 269 720 1,017 1,026 695 979 53 745 811 77 8108 1,216 890 147 159 1,359 1 363 ... i4 a 500 48,5,39 3,639 (i Q 0 ll, u.i-. 118 1,224 544 648 485 1,023 495 5219 9,34 432 502 300 379 1,130 138 322 413 23.9 *1,323 275 44,900 D.gl.., D.-,,.t. 1 44 4 134 162 13 3, 6; 91 .... l 22 5 276 6 11 ...... 2.3 4 2,700 96,139 i 6 z 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 813 84 85 86 * With Including Clay, nt'i,397 -,.t. s), 1860. B,ki.,idg. D....,.t. 287 25.9 440 466 316 809 '336 173 567 468 309 230 207 785 1,294 1,052 382 43 1,812 303 287 854 451 286 197 106 1,377 1856. A., D..-t. 96 268 175 4&3 2,66 300 9 774 959 .)4 13.3 34 460 183 c)40 283 387 56 251 28 186 448'i 54 455 1,176 751 1,205 346'365 38 129 971 1,445 231 3120 3S6 506 566 1,146 60.13 487 188 21,.9 7 764 1,251 B.11, u.i... 112 114 3.97 93 219 880 281 75 7 211 26.9 9 35 41 50 61 3 141 5 43 44 24 ii D..gl.., D,..,,.t. 1 2 95 . 10.1 313 4 1 1 255 . 27 6 ....ii 29 3.36 74 2 320 19 152 444 57 12 103 6 54 t vote in 1864. 1,357 691 ...... 210 1,067 242 ...... ...... 7 39,744 6i86 78,802 7 3 1,5 17 667 *149 903 121 ::..... maj. 31 34,869 78,419 78 79 so 81 82 83 .84 85 86 686 8,681 3,945 12,594 3,284 78,802 78,419 82,519 80,158 50,536 GEORGIA. 1852.* scott' Pierce, Whig. Democrat. 13 77 101 6.30 177 272 ............... .......... i.... 9 a.8 3 8707 40 2 8 1 13.................. 60 66 ...... 0 maj. 287 28 139 26 6177 11 4.34 2................. 31 211 158 3388 185 850 26;3 654 ............... t4 316i 81 66;0 139 226i ............... .37 975 :n 1852 a Web~stert 1840. Hrrison,, Van Buren, Whig. Democrat. 93 61 182 204 731 530 ........'7.......... 8 ~~~~~~~~~~~~00~~~~~~~....6..'....6.'6....2....0..2''9..5 758 748 80 22 25 384 593 203 185 839 ...i~........ 166 191 168 427 276 437 561 705 ............ ............... 186 201 369 416 617 318 nt Pierce ticket re 4 7 6 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 i8 19 20 21 2'2 23 2.4 25 26 27 _3 ved 5,324, and an indepene tNew Counties. I ti( ; S ,'e 665 8 ...... 193 162 741 ...... ...... 139 23,620 ......~ 813 662 48 551 209 ...... ...... 267 26,910 3,284 50,536 I I 8'29 254 1,208 ...... 38 43,232 3,945 . i..... 1,374 810 ...... 124 911 181 ...... ...... 427 39,287 82,519 . i..... 1,026 105 ...... 432 306 * 1,450 :...... 415 46,376 12,594 1,149 754 ...... 731 14 ...... ...... 290 33,782 80,15~ 1,032 167 ...... .2 28f6 1,073 ...... .3 6 39,058 1,028 156 ...... 373 258 1,060 ...... ...... ...... 43,550 8,681 1 1 3 5 D 1848. Taylor, C..9, Whig. Democrat. 144 108 341 634 382 322 ............... 43 377 598 215 269 420 ............... 106 220 281 582 475 834 988 1,513 .............. 843 741 2 66;0 983 624 4955 ............... t'.'.'..... 82 1,261 ket rece~~ 1836. Vnn Buren, Whit., Democrat. Whig. 34 22 t........... B02 499 ............ ............... 625 654 29 45 217 136' 316 25.9 210 113 101 996 146 402 121 328 205 527 351 .............,..... 494 140 313 461 ............... 197 119 eived 5,811 votes. 4ketree 44 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. GEORGIA.-Continued. 1868. Grant, Seymo ur, Republican. Democrat. 0 28 C, 2.9. 31; 32, 33] 34: 35', 36i 37i 38 39: 40 41 42 43: 44 45 46 471 48s 491 501 51 52 53 549 65,1 56 56 58 59 60 61 62] 63] 64] 65] 67 ~68 69 - 70 71 72 73 74 ] 751 76 ] 77 78] 79 ] 80] 86] 87 88 84] 90] 91 ( 9'2] Coffee................... Columbia............... Colquitt................. Coweta.................. Crawford................ Dade.................... Dawson................. Decatur................. Dekalb.................. Dooly................... Dougherty.............. Early.................... Echols.................. Effingham............... Emanuel................ Elbert................... Fannin................. Fayette................. Floyd................... Franklin................ Forsyth................. Fulton.................. Gilmer.................. Glascock................ Glynn................... Gordon................. Greene.................. Gwinnett................ Habersham.............. Hall..................... Hancock................ Haralson................ Harris................... Hart.................... Heard................... Henry................... Houston................ Irwin.................. Jackson................. Jasper.................. Jefferson................ Johnson................ Jones................... Liberty................. Laurens................. Lee..................... Lincoln................. Lowndes................ 7Lunlpkin................ Macon.................. Madison................. Marion.................. McIntosh................ Meriwether............. Miller................... Milton.................. Mitchell................. Monroe................. Montgomery............ 8 Morgan................. Murray.................. Muscoggee.............. Newton................. Oglethorpe.............. Eaulding................ 92~~ ~ Palig.........27 54 18 71 3 9 7 i I I i 690 [1869. 1860. E.eki. idg D..:.t. 1856. Fill..,-, B..h —, D....t. Bll, u.i... D..gl., D,....t. 16 456 106 8&2 378 240 665 419 266 299 171 273 524 571 734 847 972 798 832 820 119 890 283 1,092 858 696 306 272 528 610 516 591 604 155 773 418 353 191 70 250 219 44,3 7.3f; 274 415 4.94 155 703 153 26 234 567 710 844 451 776 16 I'l 14 1,3 541 31 27 I,.351 1,09 850 1,857 548 171 346 460 1,015 251 649 1,525 664 699 2,812 444 334 210 894 1,001 1,249 388 6213 958 218 1,214 504 647 1,065 2,085 145 1,055 873 922 232 423 288 711 447 824 733 493 804 398 835 143 1,159 302 459 677 1,652 220 635 629 2,153 1,529 849 534 30 336 67 531 107 177 92 519 415 249 277 122 25 203 241 291 140 301 848 137 364 1,195 122 14 17 481 581 772 457 122 402 62 68.9 151 380 658 569 19 463 369 363 182 214 145 428 222 170 231 393 419 23,3 321 29 557 28 340 146 638 255 ,361 254 767 810 347 198 .93 67 115 8.95 378 259 31, 579 636 348 371 2.94 87 208 210 120 500 472 756 726 631 1,018 710 51 177 874 114 642 188 710 128 256 392 482 439 523 555 74 675 251 67 117 235 238 128 240 36 314 319 271 375 321 175 614 231 417 323 464 40 102 422 769 364 241 781 14 363 1 55 2 23 62 1 64 23 26 1 3 42 457 100 28 286 3 47 347 33 125 1 97 151 234 72 83 148 1 30 90 62 54 31 - 2 108 174 326 96 14 21 36 18 105 2 30 14 12 41 24 57 6 142 210 160 351 188 39, 16 3,-42 75 228 155 453 200 197 149 9 259 354 152 455 812 183 458 911 191 91 5.93 576 749 256 451 47 66 753 152 418 759 576 30 453 382 376 406 22.9 212 292 468 385 215 495 4.c) 648 20 201 36,3 240 93.3 910 394 191 25 991 373 18 316 1,141 197 32 1,607 .... i 116 29 34 421 286 .591 107 305 2,474 406 10 626 327 1,200 388 172 327 85 201 872' 241 3,34 420 1,079 264 5 765 12 7 407 1,070 ... i5-i 308 786 91 201 664 821 112 972 338 1,621 9213 116 277 542 267T 58l ....... 164 ...... 4 ...... 126 624 .504 240 292 3t; 793 572 121 542 495 89 [ 303 28) 1J3 90 786~ 351 128 702 679 45'2 81.1 354 7~ 412~~~~~ 27I 66 45 103 561 688 492 664 572 542 484 29778 67 132 372 409 512 438 536 495 495 416 5960 68 91 93 607 111 579 108 488 89 119 526~~~~~~~19, 7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 * i. 3.. 44'. 4i'''9' * 45 45'5..5 7 75 22 290 507 397 427 3~~~~~~~~~62 2 9 3 6 76 17 235 52 1,97 65 1,24 355 786 59 28 79 351 425 510 477 517 256 404 193 215 3471 80 16 90 117 98 127 114 119 ~~~~~~~135 38 5 81 323 634 717 768 688 926 755 702 509 359~~~~~~{} ll 3 ) 3 4 6 5 t r 4 73 76 4 696 981 713 703 664 436 8190 1,058 723 19~ 5362 ...... 52 29.....40"'~3'2....22....92...2....8. j..1 5 245 54 311 172 82 i3'9'780 32 889'i26....3......' 132 2q6 194 926 34 848 669 58..............473 28 515 33 481 24.243.34 980 553 241 6694 ~''4();''339'.79..'43'84 4B36'.. 29 39'0o 63 428 526 939 824 858 8~~19 3 73 39 8 64 273 503 69 674 659 723 67 572 480.56 65 12 192 86 355 1 223 59 121 77 73 189 223 328 181 335 ~~~129 84 7 5 1 74 18 155 238 120 286 ~~~179 37 1355 8 77 296 386 388 271 331 ~~~~245 39 33 *. 78 23 69 336 328 847'32~~~7 37 26 i9''2 85 39 63 791 664 98 78 79'' 67.5'''53..3625 86 14 35 231 24 238 84 167 8 11,267 87 189 286 467 300' 442 3~~485 7 8 7 4 88 237 23 799 1,072 03 669 73 482 128' 2 89 65 875,330 56 1,90 93 1,04 811 25271 90 85 36 104 02 102 53 98 51 37 8 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 8'2 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 9.2 5 159 ...... 367 66 106 ...... 116 ...... 264 311 61 98 ' 64 ...... ...... 468 258 428 273 12 45 132 91 ...... 166 68 67 189 18 22 178 296 23 351 16 323 ...... ...... ..... 379 14 189 237 651 6 49 155 991 B21 680 363 629 40.2 132 827 745 425 521 473 870 415 939 697 86 561 409 607 404 171 567 323 238 507 652 388 336 510 117 717 q91 231 467 799 1,830 1,045 686 g52 91 60 179 635 193 626 241 654 127 76 286 92 44 327 352 420' 218 394 227 207 *. * New Counties. I I I I I 'v6 80 957 337 275 348 127 88 889 745 290 445 481 853 315 931 667 59 572 495 458 461 144 556 304 317 422 355 869 357 404 119 755 ...... 796 167 478 273 1,044 988 654 27 l . 6 4 . 6 31 ) . 4 32 .576 73 34 310 693 76 47,4 33( .406 39 0 413 57 484 19 35 8~ 1 71 15f 307 56 3258 71 3~ 3,3' '7~ 5 549 190 87 209 132 ...... 48 ...... 551 543 241 291 343 ...6.. 60 ...... 204 584 560 4 297 596 526 37.5 1'26 288 113 234 163 269 347 54 359 710 67 341 23 711 636 286 999 412 350 376 451 .219 92 780 779 322 489 515 84B ...... 293 858 659 21 492 438 579 ...... 397 179 686 835 286 427 665 331 347 517 127 688 798 442 803 1,190 1,025 626 218 174 107 582 494 435 589 309 ...... 40 584 172 427 59 186 ...... 339 410 526 503 192 103 372 93 ...... 340 133 63 223 155 290 235 386 69 425 90 634 631 35 286 393 875 386 179 327 207 l6l 717 673 965 747 5 22 635 778 664 283 403 7 824 674 855 688 512 1 25 181 120 397 1,097 271 326 477 98 q68 24 300 1,072 '856 502 193 420D THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. GEORGIA.-Continued. 1856. Fillmore, Buchanan, American. Democrat. COUNTIES. Grant, Seymour, Republican. Democrat. Pickens................ Pierce.................. Pike................... Polk................... Pulaski................. Putnam................ Quitman............... Rabun................. Randolph.............. Richmond.............. Schley................. Scriven................. Spatlding.............. Stewart................ Sumter................. Talbot................. Taliaferro.............. Tatnall................. Taylor................ Telfair................. Terrell................. Thomas................ Towns................. Troup.................. rwiggs................. 18Union.................. Upson.................. Walker................. Walton................. Ware................... Warren................ Washington............ Wayne................. Webster............... White.................. Whitfield............... Wilcox................. 1 ilks.................. Wilkinson.............. Worth.................. Total................. Majority............. Aggregate............ Majority 45,688 9,003 14,350 Aggregate 189,956 106,365 98,806 *New Counties. ILLINOIS. 1860. Lincoln, Fusion. Rep. Dem. 3,811 4, 2B,~5 106 684! 987 981I 1,759, 310 728 1,202 3,622 1,415 269 668 1,630 4611 1,046 1 1 1,793 1,21 1 COUNTIES. 1856. Fremo n. t, Buohan'n Fillmore, 'Rep. Dem. Am. 2,226 3,311 662 15 401' 230 153 607 659 1,748 24,3 27 169 903 433 2,603 1,234 48 ,7 391 163 1,161 237 153 303 914 438 732 550 2.36 1 Adams................. 2 Alexander............... 3 Bond.................. 4Boone................. 5Brown................. 6 Bureau................. 7Calhoun................ 8!Carroll................. 91Cass................... 0OChampaign............ 1 i i 692 [1869. 1868. 1860. B,.eki.,idg,Dc.,.,.t. 6 C) 0 16 z B.11, u.i... D —gl.,, 425 630 259 417 353 407 656 890 286 545 558 701 442 238 191 429 110 233 463 265 412 287 454 305 824 684 125 589 564 131 213 531 227 56,578 14,,,350 .98,806 9 95 9 97 .98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 III 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 1271 128 129 130 131 132 420 105 24.9 319 213 951 53 55 1 3,128 69 147 871 63 234 49 187 ... ...... 362 1,386 229 652 1,59 280 776 426 382 86 188 143 10 282 143 651 7 86 684 53 57,134 I 1,0 48 95 6 31 31 9 2,75 45 6 99 4 1, 96 51 . 75 91 29 98 1, . 18 1,60 50 43 81 1, 17 88 1,07 1 4 9 23 1,33 9 27 102,82 45,6 159,95 15 It 42 34 28 29 16 1 50 84 2 17 5 4 69 50 17 20 36 12 38 49 101 9 181 21 61 655 574 34 240 60.9 37 293 151 450 19 302 354 122 42,886 45 23 59 32 4 15 28 35 59 17 59 5 3 40 22 313 393 98 227 402 192 402 320 474 279 480 555 215 55 312 134 242 220 747 254 266 484 1 263 51,889 9,003 1 15 170 3 10 57 1,052 65 27 24 18 131 89 9 4 22 6 69 34 44 48 6 11 491 320 183 1 427 285 - 29 202 3 171 ill 4 11,590 106,365 198 491 371 240 294 72 450 * 1,143 ..i4i 540 598 855 547 109 186 312 121 313 &'33 60 1,005, 178, 1 261 617 565 460 6 250 699, 39 263 598 ..... 279 282 83 42,228 1868. G..t, S.y.-,' R,-p. D-,.. 4,774 5,471 63.9 1,0.98 1,558 773 2,050 306 9',301 1502 3,844 2 315 1 1 393 7021 2,292 6801 1,077 1'403i 3,250 21125 1'864. Li..I., M.Cl.111. R.P. D... 3,4,96 4,562 7221 881 1,154 713 1,727 242 718 1,318 3,351 1,793 311 56; 1,90.3 443! 863 1,243! 2,116 1,133 I 491 452 441 76 55 264 88 ...... 2'59 ...... 422 267 223 338 q86 399 36 306 451 65 ...... ...... 644 ... 13.. 193 502 i 34.705 18o045! 51.365'i, ;J2 325 430 1 9 121 105 47 89 ..... 596 113 97 355 372 111 1 25 236 10 *..... ...... 293 ...... 12 94 ..... 16,660 102 10' 11{ 11] 119 11{ 112 12C 121 12 125 12 121 12S 12 13 132 733 819 388 361 ..... 160 ...... 526 ...... 1,122 331 412 657 784 544 193 614 692 58 ...... ..... ..... ...... 452 473 ...... 47,544 2,742 18,045 2,742 2,077 8,840 2,772 51,3651 92,346 86,277 72,182 46,980 New Counties. ILLINOIS. 1848. Taylor, Cass, V Buren Whig. Dem. Free 8oil. 1,992 2,205 251 101 212 2 4391 371 43 414 395 415 408 666 20 376 306 566 215 257 3 426 222 116 761 724 11 2131 187...... ! i ...... 374 159 621 25 13 ..... 44 ...... 22 ...... 219 303 ..... 297 159 538 ..... 317 375 56 ...... ...... ...... 474 252 ...... 22,104 ..... 355 239 653 361 !49 ..... ~ 91 ...... 902 945 295 489 122 .....7 360 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 355 24,876 2,772 46.980 686 587 738 55 44 ...... 150 ....... ...... 384 414 641 344 965 741 161 360 626 69 ...... ...... ...... ...... 498 ...... 44,802 92,PA6 892 650 855 394 338 ......~ ...... 348 ...... 1,055 389 237 643 447 555 187 641 629 138 ...... ...... ...... ...... 430 387 ...... 42,100 831 4441 912 6q 64 ......9 ..... 27 ...... 487 467 554 384 686 763 125 368 595 95 ...... ...... ...... 389 560 ...... 44,177 2,077 86,277 882 449 912 431 253 ...... 203 ...... 426 ...... 1,071 411 107 632 387 516 215 552 593 74 ...... ...... ...... ...... 438> 428 ...... 40,261 8,840 639 176 807 47 28 ...... 53 ...... 60 ..... 330 373 360 298 541 619 35 243 453 51 :...... ...... ...... 352 474 ...... 81,921 72,182 1844. Clay, Polk, Birney. Whig. Dem. Abolit'. 1,2fO 1,495 149 81 138 24 54 622 27 875 398 58 329 551..... 362 378 160 '247 268..... 221 178 10 176 92..... 178, 191..... 1852. Pierce, Hale, Dem. Free Soil. 2,635 1.07 485 37 525 338 661... 670 430 33...... 351 72 830...... 259...... 1840. Har'is'n V Buren Whig. D.m. 1,617 1,352 299 424 5i3 551 220 222 301 434 434 279 213 l13, 244 69 397 315 154 141 1836. Har'is'n V Buren Whig. Dem. O 651 20 106 173 108 .......... .......... .......... .......... 6 .) O 1 4 15 6 9 10 8cott, Whig. 2,2.36 105 494 551 445 712 211 499 784 347 THE AMIERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ILLINOIS.-Continued. 1860. Lincoln, Douglas, Rep. Dem. 968 1,408 1,313 1,724 681 1,070 748 1,294 1,497 1,467 14.589 9,846 921 1,384 629 909 3,049 965 1,258 1,015 809 629 1,790 803 1,727 1,923 580 370 453 1,084 953 1,571 235 148 228 1,391 3,629 3,926 221 1,020 979 2,173 1,412 710 102 1,553 2,568 2,960 107 499 1,253 911 3,022 1,532 1,429 955 315 1,556 62;6 906 459 1,852 910 1,291 2,782 1,841 40 1,563 4,207 1,651 1,977 803 1,811 571 3,832 2,208 2,394 965 5,.342 4,2!90 764 970 2,420 1,140 1,474 1,088 1,729 1,521 1,501 1,541 2,192 2,688 3,161 3,100 858 1,715 1,0.30 1,,376 1,198 1,224 121 873 2,255 2,266 3,033 1,444 3,457 2,567 962 1,035 1,808 1,193 845 1,401 1,099 1,743 2,312 2,419 618 707 3,184 1,315 3,5,39 3,788 649 1,101 782 599 2,553 3,016 0 I COUNTIES. O 11 Christian............... 12 Clark.................. 13 Clay................... 14 lClinton................ 15 iColes.................. 16 Cook................... 17 Crawford............... 18!Cumberland............ 19 DeKalb................ 20 DeWitt................ 21 Douglass............... 22]Du Page............... 23 Edgar.................. 24!Edwards............... 25 Effingham............. 26 Fayette............... 27 Ford................... 28 Franklin............... 29 Fulton................. 30 Gallatin................ 31 Greene.................1 3,2 Grundy................ 33 Hamilton.............. 34 Hancock............... 35 Hardin................. 36 Henderson............. 37 Henry................. 38 Iroquois............... 13 39 Jackson................ 40 Jasper................. 41 Jefferson............... 42 Jersey.................. 43 Jo Daviess............. 44 Johnson............... 45 Kane.......... 46 Kankakee.............. 47 Kendall................ 48 Knox.................. 49 Lake................... 50 La Salle................ 51 Lawrence.............. 52 Lee.................... 53 Livingston............. 54 Logan................. 55 Macon................. 56 Macoupin.............. 57 Madison............... 58 Marion................. 59 Marshall................ 60 Mason................. 61 Massac................. 62 McDonough............ 63 McHenry.............. 64 McLeain................ 65 Menard................ 66 Mercer................. 67 Monroe................ 68 Montgomery........... 69 Morgan................ 70 Moultrie............... 71 Ogle................... 72 Peoria................. 73 Perry.................. 74 Piatt................... 75 Pike................... 18 56. Fremont,.5Buch..n'n Rep. Demn. 239 884 709 1,318 29 731 161 840 783 1,178 9,020 5,680 477 961 246 641 2,254 381 623 679 $............. 1,387 542 952 1,342 176 283 90 784 68 947 *............. 5 1,051 2,021 2,7'24 24 764 245 1,565 923 618 9 1,135 1,120 2,011 4 332 757 610 1,924 876 750 460 14 1,056 323 679 60 1,278 387 702 2,110 1,509 2 1,144 3,570 912 1,386 258 1,622 334 2,851 1,490 2,347 558 3,721 2,665 89 729 1,804 601 585 480 655 82, 500 821 823 1,778 1,111 1,451 150 1.150 1,008 8,34 267 737 5 6,30 590 1,370 2,869.945 1,937 1,517 109 854 1,141 769 .346 900 162 992 963 1,656 i54 432 2,469 734 2,082 2,459 200 671 85 310 1,053 2,163 75 Pike..................2,775 3,319 2,335 2,857 2,553 3,016 1,053 2,163 1,010 I I i i i I i i i I i i I i i i i I i I I I I i i I I i i i I I i I i I i i I 694 L'1869. 1868. G.t, &y R.P. D,.. 2,017 2,285 1,548 1,906 1,394 1,339 1,559 1,570 2,658 2,247 27,527 19,104 1,150 1,477 1,007 I,.344 3,4,41 890 1,652 1,340 1,366 1,132 2,369 1,160 2,298 2,320 888 421 1,021 1,690i 1,711 2,0291 921 3681 1,021 1 278ii 3,559 4 lltii 704 1,6251 1,36,3 2,569', 1,963 9661 809 1,284 3,596 31687 342 450 1,309 1,030 4,483 1,756 2,764 1,325 1,303 1,3.33 871 1,134 1,116 1,930 1,131 1,9981 2,980 1,892i 1,234 6121 5,047 1,653, 2,808 867: 1,955 5,35 5,101 2,496 2,545 1,090 6,231 5,439 1,074 1,175 3,065 1,542 3,448 2,132 2,155 1,902 2,771 2,236 31153 3,431 4,192 3,653 2,186 2,190 1,9.34 1, 5.32 1,677 1,719 883 614 2,936 2,721 3,2.96 1,380 5,8.95 3,858 1,000 1,295 2,078 1,388 966 1,345 2,173 2,700 2,663 2,773 857 1,146 3,666 1,507 4,212 4,252 1,581.902 1,265 773 2,775 3,319 1864. Fill..,,., A.. 2.99 330 m 362 796 '342 244 235 75 378 2 308 310 163 799 ...i 898 423 719 6 162 999 22.9 153 47 108 322 158 426 530 41 74 60 13 277 10 121 533 32 72 484 3.93 1 1010 11658 413 115 553 251 864 43 560 668 140 518 686 885 305 289 3.91 433 350 1,010 R,,p. 1,043 1,061 852 1,110 2,210 18,667 822 591 2,985 1,271 993 1,816 1,683 636 635 1,054 233 659 2,991 624 978 1,461 382 2,655 314 1,210 3,55,3 1,777 783 537 649 817 2,517 1,230 4,270 2,113 1,765 4,245 2,403 5,174 735 2,562 1,746 1,727 1,827 2,274 3,156 1,427 1,548 1,155 948 2,145 2,951 4,001 854 1,759 560 1,274 2,2.92 54.9 3,239 3,536 1,14-i 747 2, 1,606 ,237 1,002 1,168 1,555 4,351 1,371 1,134. 741 1,069 774 774 1,858, 330 1,223 1,680 258i 876i 3,694 692 2,249 775 1,145 2,929 315 877 1,414 843 1,203 923 1,487 1,546 1,722 380 1,482 564 470 1,864 873 4,515 954 1,173 1,100 1,371 1,516 2,935 3,287 1,678 1,403 1,253 265 2,171 1,188 2,582 1,075 1,100 1,527 1,960 2,354 829 1,142 3,739 718 529 2,857 17 5 -27'...... 99 2 437 6t78.9 3...... 4 07 I7.................. 2 196 709....... 139 1,8431 2 192 29S 1, 6 3 5 3' 592....... 235 864 1,291( 12 853 249 338 64 12.3 23, 7541 125 3l, 1 258l 1,4( (i 34 1,087 ' 244 212....... 234 ;1 547 414 34 408 357 475 91 138 378 482 22 268 3 347 531...... 17 7 9 258 461...... 154 395 865 0...... 280 651 564 89 530 4 1,481 1,425 122 1,772 135 751...... 67 1,160 1,308 642 855i ................................. , 515 532 252 392 1 1,080 1,119 391 830 4 697 812 519 321 1,204 1,894 552 862 l 510 589...... 464 478 573 77 300 164 214 12 82 568 489...... 465 355 486 77 253 841 1,196 74 710 . 1,548 1,715 31 1,820 28 52 762 6 2 274 5461 5 79 61 304 561 621 5 391 268 4491 204 6 840 8381 9 439 6 866 1,199 645 618 1,256 1,058 40 758 i 644 698 1 605 575 498 92 436 294 1,125....... 355 i 415 655 9i 332 1,397 1,411 1581 1, 372 7 292 263...... 19. 248 899 55 294 682 1556 1,805 2521 1,2Ei 6 37 277 564 59 239 l l92 161 132 1,745 1,762.., 1,609 414 653 ................ 1,434 1 tj37 406 1L,115 800 ]L,246 49 9L1 125 573 747 1,399 136 165 428 294 1L47 166 204 281 1L82 347 1L43 276 227 863 5i55 458 1,514 1, 585 32'38-2 748 1,046 .............. 357 479 746 6i89 3861 620 427 611 2 229 244! 315 66, 109 310 251 221 328 641 974 1,657 1L,496 182 722 237 263 255 254 165 398 458 493 43 668 586 477 397 378 410 321 304 740 355 661L 1,443 1,421 '196 204 50O5 383 846 1,169 219'477 81 1 0L 1,411, 1,456 75, 1,745 1,762, 34, 1,609, 1,636 159 1,411, 1,456, 11 1,149 1,037! 3041 366 * New County. I r I t 2i i 27 48 29 30 31 32 53 534 5 36 37 38 59 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 5'2 53 54 55 56 57. 58 59 61t 62 63 64L 6Ei 67 68 6i9 70 71 7'2 73 74 75 452 1,684 537 1,128 207 478 1,074 237 291 80 322 243 228 605 454 1,392 290 783 378 727 446 1,238 532 367 130 369 323 898 1,503 639 322 403 303 416 528 626 488 315 546 533 1,309 191 480 1,161 344 1,86 !1G,636 .... ...... ...... 52 442 71 1,253 500 870 ..... 126 1,313 154 ..... 162 154 210 78 210 517 1,079 109 810 ..... 740 281 1,080 676 24l 85 260 250 632 1,704 174 209 ..... 472 M346 683 434 815 370 311 1,533 "9i 744 174 ..... )L14 207 645 L5t42 1,347 1,286 1,175 ..... i 557 661 1 132 ..... ) 86 1 175 337 178 ) q27 360 680 440 ) 774 ..... )541 L 267 ) 1,638 597 230 78 167 377 812 1,186 L 573 183 ..... 427 271 531 L 374 i 193, 563 *o20 1,293 266! 767il L3311 I' 0371 80 150 ..... 840 ..... 22 84 227 ..... 15 5 ..... 2g4 94 .269 959 1,42 ..... 158 71 103 120 582 '~ai 85 .... 45i )268 374 452 1,637 ..... 265 ) 9.6O 96 164 7 I; 17 366 37 ..... 3240 L 149 313 486 ,1682 238 123 427 24 119 9266 1,720 . 300 1 48 14 14 ..... 162 131 12d ..... ..... ..... 6 ..... 48 74 2'2 142 39 55 22 131 ...... 371 6 36 63 ...... 67 ...... 65 228 287 5 ...... 2 93 i34 I...... 1,220 ...... 54q 392 i,088 873 ...... 4 5 96 162 15 41 7 ...... 1,016 94 1 90 ...... 13 139 413 368 44 ...... 1,308 1,313 1,283 1,1111 481 1,117 1,132 1,218 1.06I2 613 1,419 457 747 105,348 9,159 ..........................,~,J~o Tazewell.............. 2,728 Union................ 956 Vermillion............ 3,285 Wabash............... 764 Warren............... 2,808 Washington........... 1,861 Wayne................ 1,525 White................1,0761 Whitesides........... 3,569 Will.................. 4,222 Williamson........... 1,416 Winnebago............. 457 Woodfor............... 1,86' Total............... 250,293 Majority............ 51,150 Aggregate........... *Bell, American, had 4, Aggregate 449,436 348,226 332.376' 238,981 *13, and Breckinridge, Democrat, had 2,404 votes. CONNECTICUT. 188 64. Linoln, McClel'n, Rep. Dem.. 7,368 7,193 8,692 8,680 4.997 4,423 3,113 3,107 8,761 9,638 5,662 4,919 2,4A30 2.152 3,668 2,173 44.691 42,285 2,406 8 ' 86,976, COUNTIES. Fairfield........ Hartford........ Litchfield....... Middlesex...... New Haveni..... New London... Toland......... Windham*...... Total......... Majority...... Aggregate.... Majority.......3,043 2,406 26,418 7,720 AggregRte.... 98,947 86,976 80,950 80,325 * Inelnding 216 votes cast in Brooklyn for grant, and 107 for Seymonr, which were not re. Inc luding 21i6 v( ied in time for tl ~ d ei ot he I 1,907 1,028 46 1,506 122 1,282 244 129 27 1,902 2,898 10 3,636 596 96,189 50 757 246 194 485 307 293 402 845 210 10 188 61 189 37,444 238,981 2,147 709 2,546 516 2,306 1,244 937 774 2.905 3,343 8.59 3,969 1,270 189.496 30,766 2,307t 1,315 1,639 679 1,714 1,207 1,147 1,3836 1,038 2,7!,2 1,121 705 1,685 158,730 348,226 .s Iuv 2,848 157 2,251 597 2,208 793 620 756 2,713 3,219 173 3.9.34 1,238 172,161 4,629 2,168 996 1,577 710 1,672 1,565 1,645 1,544 1,110 2,515 1,835 817 1,419 160,215 332,376 1,796 2,054 831 1.918 1,23 1,581 1,752 1,444 3,134 1,338 951 2,246 199,143 !449,4.36 91 91 '91 90 9I 9.' 9( 9i 9~ 101 1868. Gr-at SIeymour, Rep. Dem. 8,614 8,235 9,931 9,924 5,130 4,985 3,473 2,973 10,722 12,192 (;,86 5,299 2.622 2,009 4,167 2,335 50,995 47,952 3,043 98,947 1863 , Douglas Dem. 8.177 3;145 1,739 1,180 7 2,940 0 2,598 4 1,139 1,456 )~ 17,374 nd 107 fc 1856. Buoh'n, Filmoeo Dem. Am. _ m... 3 5.,539 928 7 7,037 309 3,986 150 2,964 183 3 7,315 604 8. 8,953 350 7 1,953 85 2,248 56 3 84,995 2,615 80,825 d c) 6 1 2 3~ 6 Breck., Dem. 3,835 3,291 1,672 1,335 4,38(J 1,19c 476 30~ 16,49~ 80,95( Fremont, Rep. 6,223 8,416 5,481 2,887 7,976 5,402 2,407 3,913 42,715 7,7'20 es cast in Brooklyn for Grant, ar State canvass. ~r Seymour, which were not re. c PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. ILLINOIS.-Continued. 1844 Polk, Dem. V Buren, Fre e Soil. I i ' "I'll4 300 ...... 96 63 ,...... i47 L34 15 9 6 68 I 14 27 54O ...... 807 52 15,77 125,121 * New ( *.ar'i.' Whig. 391 *.... 259 715 *.... 426 989 .... 2,000 732 685 408 187 371 1,181 78 1,044 509 711 149 205 770 375 7i53 103 789 *.... 45 528 57,920 3,570 45,537 47,476 1 12,392 1,939 107,018 93,013 CONNECTICLTT. 1848. Taylor, Cass, V Buren, Whig. 1em. Fr ee Whig.. o il 5,036 4,064 462' 6,000 5,345 810 3,918 3,674 800 2,136 2,152 361 5,273 4,516 806 4,020 3,421 776 1,665 1.612 191 2,266 2,262 799 30.314 27,046 5,005 3,268 62.365 2,9,6,0 4 i, c 3 2 8 7 9 2 8 8 I I I' I i I 697 1869.] 1840. 1836. C5 r-) 0 6 z 76 ri 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 8.9 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 T.yl., Whig. 224 84 266 580 321 583 1,109 122 1,943 807 798 337 214 730 1,097 108 942 456 537 204 318 674 31.)l 713 211 866 186 8-tt, Whig. 320 112 300 575 174 764 998 209 2,125 844 730 446 &36 976 1,369 169 997 469 806 251 359 74.9 554 1,251 344 1,023 339 H.I,-, Sii. Bi-y, Ab.lill... cl..V, Whig. 201 90 713 289 466 1,042 .... 1,837 610 670 315 187 483 1,011 94 869 47.9 500 254 265 736 384 50.9 179 546 159 V B.",. D.. H.,,'i.'. Whig. 54 ..... 415 408 ..... 5 i "'4'6'4 384 ..... 58 ..... 310 9 560 280 ..... 15 31 274 ..i ... i6 ..... V B.. D... 107 3 411 ..... ..i 3 490 ..3 ..... ..4 221 465 102 ..i 221 357 6 ..... 88 ..... 348 208 228 771 322 3.97 1,945 1i''3'71 743 610 683 206 465 628 617 768 315 503 565 637 748 289 810 766 368 322 268 ..... 151 817 ... ii 2 1,783 i"ii'9 61i 57' 751 1.54 241 661 636 587 254 524 493 500 639 236 1,367 578 321 ..... ...... 220 ...... 96 ...... 16 3 ...... 1 82 170 80 1 86 53 28 1 ... ii 320 ...... 72 4 ...... ... i 114 ...... ..... i ...... ...... ...... 7 .. -.3 ...... :'''i' 20 17 15 64,934 80,597 15,663 9,966 155,4.97I. 53,047 56,300 3,253 14,292 17,275 2.98.'3 31,567, uiity. 1840. H-i.- V B.",.., Whig. D... 4,871 3,862 6,216 4,496 4,542 3,806 2,276 2,275 5,100 4,012 3,815 3' 148, 1,991 1,509 2,790 2,188 31,601 2-1),296 6,'.305 56.897, 1852. B.tt, pi..., H.I", WMg. D... 4,814 5,1.55 167 6.329 6,639 461 3,946 4,082 413 2,065 2,7.34 238 6,046 6,0.97 424 3,.361 4,07.9 637 1,703 2,015 202 2,095 2,4481 618 30,359 3.3.249 3,160 2,8.90 66,768 1844. cl.y, P.1k, Whig. D,-.. 5,368 4,599 6,259 5,624 4,668 4,335 2,324 2,345 5,546 4,726 4.081 3,70(.) 11964 1,950 2,620 2,544 32.832 29,832 . 0 1836. H.,i,-.. V B.,., Whig. D... 2.,317 2,711 3,976 3,768 3,035 2,957 1.187 1,618 3,494 3,420 1,880 2,059 11 191 1, I.(K) 1166.9 1,568 18,749 19,21.91 -.542 38,040 6 u 0 c; z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bi. Ab.liti.. 142 287 368 130 2219 304 120 363 1.943 64,607 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. OHIO. 1860. oCl'nn, L Douglas, Bell, Breck., Rep. Dem, Union. Dem.. 1,667 2,010 131 39 1,796 1,882 21 299 2,166 1,720 34 496 5,5661 860 77 342 1 2,526 1,491 36 43 1,088 1,836 22 69 92,675 1,450 1,111 1,289 o2,105 3,006 238 91 2,867 4,109 184 156 1,767 1,043 28 143 2,3251 1,810 264 62 3,017 1,730 165 104 2,965 3,206 209 57 2,483 1,464 70 15 3,864 2,130 96 306 2,100 2,099 2 217 2,064 2,752 18 117 8,6861 4-814 75 333 2,460' 2,479 42 16 1,038 1,304 8 14 2,699 1,967 28 46 2,886 1,538 28 88 2,178 3,249 155 201 1,458 1,121 257 46 4,295 4,846 119 78 1,629 984 3 26 1,881 1,472 190 37 2,877 677 17 33 33,260 1,751 124 35 2,510 1,933 55 34 16,182 15,431 3,685 366 2,135 2,301 16 24 1,432 p198 54 32 2,175 759 45'637 808 1,039 3 3 2,409 2,272 475 157 1,329 1,784 12 7 1,392 2,281 3 45 4,107 2,083 37 52 1,738 1,436 80 15 2,682 1,163 79 703 2,860 2,060 98 524 2,521 622 13 87 1,801 1,147 198 76 3,502 3,154 151 634 2,415 1,542 100 17 4,045 1,766 47 168 2,889 1,820 121 79 1,417 1,016 17 68 2,907 1,990 26 132 1,595 1,640 4 13'1 3,068 1,765 5 58 2,689 1,699 215 7 832 1,606 2 6 3,431 2,337 39 39 1,.,35 3,147 142 47 4,974 4,710 179 72 2,445 1,757 20 65 92,260 1,928 22 38 4,004 3,550 396 157 1,944 1,647 52 91 571 692 1 23 554 391.....9 1,605 1,950 111 23 2,002 2,425 211 50 958 1.397 127. 10 66','Pike.........1,155 1,727 679 1,431 958 1.397 127 10 523 1,175 375 i i i I i I I i 698 [1869. I COUNTIES. 0 1 Adams..... 2 Allen...... 3 Ashland.... 4 Ashtabula.. 5 Athens..... 6 Auglaize... 7 Be!-mont... 8! Brown..... 91 Butler...... 10 Carroll..... II Champaign. 12 Clark....... 13; Clermont... 14 Clinton.... 15 Columbiana 16 Coshocton. 17 Crawford... 18 Cuyahoga.. 19 Darke...... 20 Defiance 21, Delaware 22. Erie........ 23Fairfield... 24, Fayette.... 25 Franklin... 26 Fulton..... 27 Gallia...... 28 Geauga.... 29 Greene..... 301 Guernsey.. 311 Hamilton... 32i!Hancock... 33!Hardin..... 34IHarrison... 35! Henry...... 36 Highland... 37 Hocking... 3,9 Holmes.... 39 Huron..... 40 Jackson.... 41 Jefferson... 41.)! Knox...... 431 Lake....... 44!i Lawrence 451 Lickin461 Logan' 47iLoraine.... 481 Lucas...... 49! Madiso 50 Mahoning.. 51 Marion..... 52 Medina.... 513 meigs...... m 31 prcr..... 551 Miami..... 56IMonroe.... 57 i Montaom'y. 581 Morgn.... 591 Morrow.... 60 1, Muskingum 61 Noble...... 62 Ottawa..... 6.3 Paulding... Per..... picl% 65I, ay 66! Pike....... 1868. G,..t, ISy", R.P. D.. 1864. IWP. D... 1,462 1,668 1,467 2.000 1,832 2,203 5,349 1,015 2,474 1,246 850 21250 2'855 3,354 2,234 2,734 2,867 4,170 1,559 1'203 2,514 1,723 3,122 1,641 2,888 3,142 2,297 1,281 3,817 2,446 1,763 2,'344 i,681 3,034 8,829 5,662 2,125 21,580 859,480 2,464 1,835 2,557 l,'700 2,006 3,374 1,527 1,194 4,232 5,'445 1'627 929 2,211 1,024 2672 475 3438 1,473 2.226 l,'870 19,840 15,669 1,743 2,132 1'221 1'259 119.27 l,'502 676 1,175 2,530 2,4,30 1,064 1,779 914 2,630 3,847 2,027 1,368 1,214 3,015 1,662 2,525 2,444 2,476 532 2,283 983 2,900 3,705 2,229 1,555 3,971 1,553 3,109 1,951 1,465 1'098 2,667 2'385 1,243 1,628 2,616 l' 479 2,886 1,406 599 1,816 3,228 2,273 11080 3,050 41896 5,112 2,172 1,656 1,977 1,589 31725 3,739 11811 1,652 6.35 773 627 329 1,481 1,797 1,801 2,36,3 679, 1,4.31 185 , B.eb.' F,,....t, R.P. D.. 2,044 2,247 1.8921 2,597 2,2051 2,504 61108: 1,400 2,908! 1,592 1,266, 2,754 3,893i 3,862 2,715, 3,238 3,298 4,945, 1,807, 1,289 2,954 2,138i 3,928!2,198 3,475 3,5941 2,922 1,570 4,881, 2,938 2,176 2,622 2,0191 3,607 12,582 7,993 2,989 3,145 1,1081 1,899 2,9761 2,169 3,1301 I'&'A 2,439' 41076 1,970 1,376 5,079 7,119 2,171 1,150 2,6'4 8 1,6)O 2,892 640 4,233, 1,829 2,7431 1,9491 24,1671 18,768 2,2?-i 9 2,.528 1,884 1,766 2,267 1,620 1,117 1,464 3,038 2,850 1,369 2,111 1,083 2,859 4,019 2,243 2'083 1,612 31394 2,117 2,908 2,766 2,909 889 3,159, 1,647 3,487 4,432 2,778; 1,770 4,443, 1,930 4,873, 3,087 1,6821 1,550 3,3871 2,757 1,5481 1,936 2,886!, l,'693 3,548 2,027 884 5,394 3,958 2,659 1,443 3,397 6,502 6,113 21521 1,8.95 21469 1,870 4'671 4,5,34 21204 1,715 963 1,304 8,34 623 1'725i 1,986 211761 2,7251 1,1551 1,7271 R.p. D.. 1,407 1,415 1.912 5,108 2,299 912 1,817 1,785 2,.301 11750 11995 21641 2'188 2,117 3,516 2,162 1,685 6,860, 2,086 821 2,367 2,2,58 1,700 1,209 3,488 1,0.98 610 2,694 3,032 2,392 9,345 1'773 1,091 2,060 587 1.810 1,092 1'285 3,468 938 2'424 21735 2,371 743 3,027 2,093 31604 11639 997 2, ft3 1,367 216,3.5 11998 629 3,171 1,016 4038 2,125 2,OP,l 3,172 1,60,3 454 497 1,P,85 1,724 52:3 1.7 1,5 2, 9 1,3 1,6 2,81 2,7 3, 1, 1,7 1,5 2,1 4, 1,9 8 1, 1,37 3,23 3,79 77 1,34 57 1,4 1,93 13,05 I,g 88 1,47 65 2,14 1,45 2,10 1,70 1'.3 1,99 2,43 6 1115 3,3 1132 1142 1,86 65 1,93 1' 1,57 1'60 I15 i,9 2,81 4, 1,66 1,66 3,.'3.91 1,33 477 170 1,847 2,066 1,17.5 A.. 278 94 39 75 252 50 154 88 10 1,753 0 428 296 87 1 3w 168 781 240 96 1 56 4 32 2,%' 209 38 2.30 75 711 373 1 574 64 1 1,206 58 214 210 1 5,680 37 2 82 110 22 8.94 4 115 5 54 416 259 124 39 902 417 267 0 54 6 486 475 29 4 28 344 114 159 413 3.91 201 101 1,092 154 1 5 4.92 382 375 PREESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. OHIO. 1840.*! Harrson, V Buren, Whig. i Dem. 1,205 1,431 763 883 3.......... 7i388l 86 2,094 1,322 ............ 3,1661 2,602 1,798 1,939 2,101 3,192 1,677 1,545 2,062 1,207 2,3811 895 2,044 2,315 1,847 1,006 3,600 3,650 2 1,830 2,009 1,009 1,206 3,102 1,814 1,303 1,071 i............ 2,360 1,644 1,324 1,042 2,463 3,318 1,132 771 2,886 1,774 .......... 1,47 9 72 5 2,310 921 2,321 1,172 2,606 2,186 5,87 3 5,835 693 1 063 431 3 76 2,008 1,739 191 181 2,145 1,899 649 903 1,109 1,906 2 291 1,531 794 785 2,300 2,218 2,441 2,789 1,887 653 1,118 453 3,357 3,516 1,574 845 1 1,868 1,318 931 526! 1,201 571 '49 1400 6)5 61 1,329 712 80 1,269 643 1,201 51 97 57 1,793 1 436 1 1 284 (649 551 1,348 1 2.469 1 339', 1,068 2,075 3,427 2,951 1,851 1,910 ............ 4,367 2,772 232 163 65 1551 1,471 2,097 2,201, 1,187 650! 6471 T,ylor, Whig. 1,259 728 1,341 1,124 1,846 457 2,723 1,771 1,959 1,453 1 87 8 2'506 2, 20 4 1,1233 1,850 1,814 952 1,776 1,508 384 1,866 1,409 2,438 1,157 3,199 t..... 1,630 872 2,035 2,375 9,018 1,016 596 1,564 217 2,114 856 1,118 1,950 987 2,147 1,910 777 1,164 3,030 1,652 647 1,298 1,32.9 720 1,001 1,140 1,327 360 2,542 999 3,561 2,320 1,166 4,428 1.90 70 1,488 2,115 843 * In 1840, Birney, Abolition, received 903, and in 1844, 8,050 votes. t New Counties. I )1 1 ! 699 189.] 1852. 1848. 1844.* Clay, Polk, Whig. Dem. 1836. Elrr ison,V, EHrrison, g V BureD, Whig. Dem. 8. _ 1, d' 1: 2 41 15 161 12 13 14, 151 181 9j 26' 271 31;1 ~ 21 33i 40 251 26j; 37 '81 396 40 531 52~ 583 54 55 46 57 58' 59 40 411 62 63i 461 55i 561 58'! 5491 601 511 62 53 641 655 566 Cass, Dem. 1,690 1,070 2,519 878 1,509 1,039 2,892 2,657 3,536 1,395 1,508 1,375 2,833 1,1~2 2,732 2,422 1,678 2,368 1,554 567 1,574 999 3,515 946 3,029 1,081 922 1,256 2,504 10,834 1,501 605 1,658 297 2,224 1,319 2,224 1,769 1,108 2,231 2,890 716 745 3.468 1 147 1,473 1,197 712 1,953 1,193 1,836 1,014 641 1,822 2,574 3,330 2,448 1,884 3, 30 231 198 2,192 1,960 909 r Buren,! ?ree Soil. i 196; 27.5 2,467i 320' 14j 5431 403i 381 ,A5 330 208, 404i 735 865 137 90 2,594 81 23 268 681 42 128 284 ...... 95 1,373 6441 489 1,986 22 51 543 17 342 23 451 876! 50 455i 539' 904! 53! 561 275! 1,61ff '3271 80, 1,042i 55} 1,0981 305 16 2q22 330 3041 314 407 228 .;....i 45. 24! .33 1,252 779 t..... 3,388 2,050 ,..... 3,140 1,798 2,158 1,701 2,069 2,477 2,189 1,736 3,416 1,885 1,197 3,331 1,408 , *.... 2,548 1,458 2,542 1,229 2,965 ...... 1,484 2,274 2,422 2,746 7,201 907 510 2,039 229 2,148 719) 1,142 2,564 9O8 2,3.85 2,746 1,818 1,140 3,500 1,625 1,956 1,167 1,269 1,425 2,045 1,,"Al 423i 2,572 1,210 3,3888 2,051 63 1,.527 2,219 8(( 1,611 1,062 1,123 1,425 2,821 2,342 3,546 1,584 1,409 1,155 2,627 1,137 3,743 2,281 1,734 2,388 1,409 ...... 2,017 1,261 3,637 878 2,498 ...... 957 1,101 1,380 2,628 j8,983 1,247 49)5 1,750 '25 2,164 1,289 2,317 j2,136 1,046 2,354 3,324 901 658 3,840 i1,015 881l 643 i 1,48 1,920 88C 812 1,657 2,54~ 3,101 2,07q ..... 3,196f 238 192 2,273 2,012 '836 786 1,060 494 458 ..... 7,92 805 1,098 957 .............. 2,666 2,358 1,223 1,675 1,487 3,004 1,233 1,187 1,641 907 1,964 731 1,467 2,029 1.,448 807 2,656 2,9.92 1,086 1,513 714 783 2,529 1,694 656 668 ............... 1,550 1,254 t........... 1,846 2,906 828 774 2,166 1,375 ...... -..... 873 490 3,219 1,465 1,908 903 2,074 1,652 4,032 4,871 464 701 274 196 1,584 i 1,638 94 87 1,492 1,476 292 536 594 1,137 2,798 2,143 454 475 1,552 1 992 1,-6o 21174 ~..... 433 378 O,,306 2,859 1,388 622 1,4:60 1,410 630 396 9713 574 ............... 1,016, 8U4 1,858, 1,094 7241 446 245i 315 1,5'87 1,050 492t 1,182 2,554i 2,310 1,107 1,262 3,321 2,069 179 1,0711,501 1,508' 1 591 '422'491 7~, 091-.t, q~o 1,547 1,431 1.499' 1,554 3,917 1,87.5 4,258 3,597 3,557 3,816 2,280 1,814 2,957 1,891 1,734 2,190 ................. 280,128 238,700 41 4281 ' [518,82s 81Van"Wert.. 57 141 94 117 1,1 5 5 78 79 3 82i Vinton..... 83 Warren.... 84i Washington 85i Wayne..... 86i Williams... 87 Wood...... 88 Wyandot... lArmy Vote. Total.... Majority.. Aggregate 'j518,828 59,586 470,722 44,378 442,441 16,623 386,497 INDIANA. 18 64. Lincoln, MeClell'n Rep. Dem. 485 1,156 2,244 4,932 1,645 2,051 380 272 355 475 2,124 1,651 288 821 1,431 1,583 1,836 2,087 1,683 1,986 1,088 1,407 1,413 1,501 706 709 1,227 1,299 2,117 2,420 2,172 1,559 1,484 1,472 2,405 588 296 1,454 2,253 2,000 1,318 860 1,457 2,055 1,562 1,818 1,3899 2,316 987 1,099 1,297 1,516 1,547 1,23 8 1,212 1,515 &3,225 1,093 COUNTIlES. F; d C, 6 z 7 8 9 10 2 13 4 15 16 17 18 9 21 22 28 14~ 15 16 27 28 .29. I J I i I I i I I I t13 4 23 122 175 6 29 5 27 ..... 12,194 136 23 21 1.3 115 94 14 20 ..... 11,40)5 1,431 758 932 2,688 2,783 2,904 1,327 1,319 1,.47 ...... 187,497 16,623 1,o55 789 1,174 1,776 2,251 2,918 1,022 935 1,278 ...... 170,874 - 386,497i 263 32 51 844 281 47 49 143 108 28,126 1,i;' 964 928 3,419 3,352 2,836 1,704 2,131 1,361 41,146 265,154 59,586 1,107 1,272 1,543 2,943 3,267 1,392 1,414 1,757 9,7.571 205,568 470,722 1,792 1,015 1,246 3,316 3,169 3,204 1,713 2,011 1,567 2431610 44,9378 1,145 959 1,231 2,011 3,060 3,250 1,180 1,330 1,670 ...... 187,232 442,441 1868. Gr-at, Seymour, Rep. Dem. 687 1.393 3,047 5,6041 2,010 2,510 442 421 544 673 2,550 2,324 458 1,080 1,794 1,812 2,376 2,673 1,870 3,082 1,708 1,856 1,794 1,764 970 982 1,682 1,732 2,25.5 2,924 2,262 1,892 1,750 1,726 2,6.99 1,011 510 1,986 2,962 2,706 1,475 1,131 1,537 2,716 1,795 2,059 1,603 2,796 1,245 1,419 1,941 1,824 2,086 1 600 1,802 1',6 3,242 1,278 1860. Lincoln, Fusion, Rep. Dem. 632 920 2,252 3,298 1,769 1,946 375 249 275 457 1,699 1,637 301 766 1,5.90 1,465 1,874 1,891 1,369 2,403 889 1,414 1,454 1,.504 788 894 931 1,411 2;127 2,593 2,028 1,659 1,500 1,365 1,933 1,137 301 1,369 2,471 1,966, 1,343 965 1,151 2,,304 1,656 1,635 1,695 2,3.30 1,019 1,019 1,298 1, CMA 1,668 1,3%02 1,420 1 i40 2,195 1,216 1856. B luehan'n Dem. 847 3,211 1,844 217 404 1,493 681 1,344 1,539 1,950 1,108 1,364 735 1,115 2,619 1,639 1,247 i 992 1,191 1,651 i 1,002 )i 1,767 i! 1,588 2,9..59 835 1,286 1,03.5 1,129 1M,185 Fremont, lBep. 4t3 1,593 1,292 315 238 1,299 1t48 1,261 1,504 492 365 24 26 1,573 1,718 1,097 1,736 21 1,971 1,189 ~28 1,606 1,437 822 365 1,395 379 1,748 Filimore, Am. 69 * 145 142 8 47 81 90 22 40. 1,074 296 ,34 509 939 297 61 75 .32 236 18 40 1,262 ' 6 41 9 766 .99 5313 38 Adams................. Allen.................. Bartholomew.......... Benton................ Blackford.............. Boone................. Brown................. Carroll................. Cass................... Clark.................. Clay................... Clinton................ Crawford............... Daviess................ Dearborn.............. Decatur................ De Kalb................ Delaware.............. Dubois................. Elkhart................ Fayette................ Floyd.................. Fountain............... Franklin............... Fulton................. Gibson................ Grant.................. Greene................. Hamilton.............. 95 *..... 223 2,526 332 2,079 149 2,284 160 328 20O 647 9 951 31,682 1.138,360 353,428 1 * New Counties. INDIANA. 1840. Hiarrison, D r ure, Whig. Dem. 193 153 640 399 982 703 26 42 77 14q 700 686 50 270 699 765 649 372 1,132 1,278 398 487 582 698 435 281 738 509 1,771 1,58 1, 1,298 759 177 168 920 532 264 239 640 596 1,090 728 869 796 9.38 1,166 1,188 1,115 241 108 788 594 470 364 704 6.34 972 688 II I 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 422 774 2,823 2,473 2,288 546 831 990 ...... 152,526 737 912 1 919 2'139 3,143 832 986 1,290 ...... 169,220 16,694 381 ...... 1,861 1,930 3,380 510 636 1,059 ...... 154 775 16,415 ..:.... 462 190 154 29 46 ...... 35,354 328,489 158 ...... 2,822 2,194 2,759 583 576 ..... ...... 1155,057 5,940 270 ...... 1,795 1,686 3,765 673 570 ...... ...... 149,117 304,174 I..... 2,260 ~1,070 '1,630 176 490 ...... ....... 105,405 8,457 2,813 2,109 2,798 396 548 ...... 1I48,1571 23,375 ...... 1,504 1.,4158 3,321 407 518 ...... ...... 124,782 272,939 ...... 1,326 906 2,696 198 275 ...... ...... 96,948 202,353 1852. Pierce, Dem. , 672 5 1,964 1,512 D 138 263 1,161 532 1,2.56 1,190 1,812 [ 743 3 1,250 499 7 20 2,486 1,394 780 937 9 717 1,343 872 1,815 1,496 1,956 581 1,127 9 836 944 1 961 1848. Cas., Dem. 1 398 1,059 1 1,167 78 B 916 5 03 1,008 1 829 1,510 734 964 0 397 701 1,801 1,096 577 2 694 579 1,050 D765 1,154 1,343 1,6695 404 802 623 921 805 1844. Polk, Dem. 8 296 849 5 1,068 0 69 871 432 965 8 671 1,417 662 5'944 2 397 764 1,971 1,091 9 327 ) 732 501 964 1 908 981 1 t,387 1,583 308 810 423 2 909 76 6 1838. Har'is'n V Buren Whig. Dem. 68 28 333 266 608 412 ............ 464 4~1 262 302 375 565 513 2986 893 978 153 251 381 721 196 166 438 253 1,203 1,282 950 513 .......... ~69 307 163 12q7 354 303 965 545 574 499 6.97 948 963 875 55 39 4'96 4M5 38 I130 366 303 569 262 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 'l 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 98 29 ;cott, Whig. 362 1,225 1,'245 110 108 936 102 1,075 1,176 1,186 474 929 502 726 1,474 1,364 391 1,083 '29 1,068 1,019 1,32' 1,023 1,473 559 94a 5.9 884 971 Hale, F. &il. 14 24 26 19 15 109 .... 29 50 24 8 75 6 8.9 138 164 11 .... 28 80O 1 64 30 6 20 345 4 401 Taylor, Whig. 261 991 1,011 60 61 773 70 822 881 1,200 500 726 520 735 1,.378 1;P45 347 822 258 756 1,040 11018 '900 1,411 423 860 325 918 809 V Buren Dem. 13 28 3 28 66 .....4 76 55 28 29 87 ..... 2 176 143 45 58 1 142 86 17 138 51 39 15 359 6 317 Clay, Whig. 19~ 861 1,035 40 81 816 59 712 76~ 1,3 64~ 462 807 1,616 1,27a 269 940 229 758 1,051 956 947 .1,25 796 76f 859 Birney, Abolit'n 13 1 *-3 8 ..... 18 ..... ..... 50 68 6 3 ....i 17 ..... ..... 6 8 197 ..... THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. INDIANA.-Continued. 1868 COUNTIES. Grant, Seymour, %Rep.. Dem.. Hancock............... 1,414 1,6821 Harrison............... 1,735 2,210 Hendricks............. 2,973 1,462 Henry................. 3,436 1,412 Howard................ 2,017 1,131 Huntington............ 2,075 1,984 Jackson................ 1,430 2,337 Jasper................. 756 393 Jay.................... 1,551 1,444 Jefferson............... 2,869 2,287 Jennings............... 1,838 1,449 Johnson............... 1,696 2,149 Knox.................. 1,853 2,417 Kosciusko............. 2,861 2,119 La Grange............. 1,945 1 076 Lake.................. 1,539 759 Laporte................ 3,664 2,876 Lawrence.............. 1,781 1,469 Madison............... 1,966 2,744 Marion................ 7,008 5,539 Marshall.............. 1,921 2,38 1 Martin................. 894 1,202 Miami................. 2,193 2,271 Monroe................ 1,496 1,3691 Montgomery........... 2,628 2,656 Morgan................ 2,047 1,4690 Newton................ 608 412 Noble.................. 2,421 2,0901 Ohio............... 586 465 Orange................. 1.264 1,370 Owen.................. 1,383 1,896 P6 rke....:............. 2,362 1,319 Ferry.................. 1,375 1,444 Pike.................. 1,406 1,'369 Porter................. 1,892 1,2861 Posey................. 1,938 2,054 Pulaski................ 612 928 1 Putnam................ 2,145 2,393 Randolph.............. 3,103 1,415 Ripley.................. 2,099 2,042 Rush.................. 2,11 1,933 Scott................... 6;93 912 Shelby................. 2,069 2,592 Spencer............... 1,982 1,850 Starke................. 312 353 Steuben........... 1... 1,881 830 St. Joseph............. 3,07 o 2,249 Sullivan............... 1,294 2,457 Switzerland............ 1,466 1,209 Tippecanoe............ 3,9 2a7 3,174 Tipton................. 1,020 1,268 Union.................1 915 5 658 Vanderburgh.......... 3,95 3,148 Vermillion............. 1,263 806 Vigo................... 3,390 3,085 Wabash................ 2,940 1,547 Warren................ 1,527 842 Warrick............... 1,573 1,8631 Washington............ 1,650 2,0.'38 Wayne................. 5,018 2,480 Wells................. 1,094 -1,415 White................. 1,178 11 0 Whitley................1,352 1,69 Total.... 17,2 166,980 Majority............ 1 9,52 Aggregate............. I 343,532 1856. Fremo nt, Buchan'n Fillmore, Rep. Dem. Am. .962 1,343 24 873 1,681 6.23 1,680 1,378 74 2,741 1,229 49 1,057 686 33 1,232 1,181 58 2.99 1,700 516 633 548 63 883 880 54 2,314 1,936 425 1,293 1,159 172 1,095 1,608 153 557 1,512 535 1,662 13O-t5 13 1,406 640 6 923 346 3 2,532 2,239 45 480 1,126 660 1,309 1,603 54 3)696 3,738 205 927 1,039...... 76 769 350 1,390 1,513 8 498 1,191 392 11910 2,088 142 1,573 1,528 68 1,257 1,198 48 104 505 375 49 1,207 606 487 1,239 586 1,494 1,283 192 96 1,066 632 80 772 574 &17 614 10 306 1,819 625 341 557 27 1,345 1,882 42.3 2,042 1,253 59 1,425 1,661 184 1,644 1,685 8.3 278 693 264 1,510 2,075 142 9235 1,260 808 112 155 7 1,215 553 19 1,812 1,509 6 257 1,650 397 228 1,121 1,040 2,778 2,,307 45 546 738 14 763 710 19 872 1,880 840 866 824 80 1,165. 1,808 883 1,785 1,096 108 1,167 767 76 107 1,506 480 331 1,778 691 3,688 1,958 100 7-26 981 16 903 7i 46 42 797 851 57 94,375118,670 22,PM 24,295 '235,431 ew County. I I I ) I. 702 [1869. 1. 5 5 ) 3 ) ) Lincoln, M.Clel'n, Iep. De.. 1,369 1,337 1,3'29 1,780 2,622 832 3,027 1,057 1,728 932 1,597 1,685 1.187 1,795 58 286 1,103 1,143 2,758 1,777 1,817 1,079 1,532 11715 l,',38 1,817 2,188 1,808 1,583 796 1,275 461 2,766 2,145 1,421 1,085 1,535 2r5 10,952 3.486 1,206 1,589 576 817 1,831 1,717 1,202 1,210 2,228 2,260 1,793 1,283 ,250 2114 1,992 1,550 592,381 804 1,020 1,053 1,525 2,121'1,236i 1,112 1,042 920 971 1,469 936 1,357 1,585 488 718 1,968 2,155 2,371 1,168 1, 8'26 1,750 1,881 1,680 586 742 1,837 2,22,3 1,558 1,427 217'247 1,642 610 2,188 1,55,8 795 2,059 1,440 855 3,489 2,775 781 1,019 832 592 2,734 2,114 1,044 752 2,887 2,167 2,461 1,229 1,373 761 1,247 1,441 1,242 1,799 4281,52,9 84, 6 1,2,35 940 899 1,062 1,327 150,4'22 130,233 20,189 t 28065 1860. Lincoln, Fusion. Rep. Dem. 1,201 1,399 1,593 1,901 2,05 1,368 2,926 1,312 1 589 925 1'582 1,46;S 1,185 1,893 5.34 302 1,1,35 1,095 2'661 1,860 1,649 1,198 1,303 1,788 1,570 11747 2,290 1,512 1,695 775 1,225 475 3,167 2,009 1,158 1,520 ~1,709 1,947 5'024 3,732 1'426 1,499 516 888 1 835 1,634 1'198 1,275 2'367 2,325 1,'755 1'636 305 234 1,742 1,362 301 q'12 849 1,375 1,140 1,499 1,898 1,469 1I026 1,113 894 979) 1,529 923 1,055 1,819 571 674 1,888 2,231 2'298 1,946 1'988 1,669 1,757 1,639 660 761 1,900 2,115 1,296 1,455 190 247 1,560 637 2,363 1,517 856 2,041 734 1,485 3,480 2,427 780 846 849 691 .1,875 2,029 1,090 885 2,429 2,882 2,287 1,241 1,412 817 r45 1,685 1,378 2,067 4,2..4 2,047 909 1,108 9931 887 1,133 1104 139,'040 13.3,225, 511 1272,2,65 o 30 31 32 33 .34 35 36 .37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 7O 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 797 629 138 1,027 1,070 824 1,877 305 342 731 780 1,501 986 ...... 407 439 760 882 1,398 599 519 343 7 63 135 1,647 631 1,114 1,142 488 1,121 681 315 817 465 1,093 1,269 183 .526 534 830 1,585 847 708 457 1,126 2,085 252 206 318 iF~ i~~ I- 125 640 4")0 452 898 670 815 625 486 367 1,279 1,409j 1,043 194 94 42 366 142 197 244 139 S0 943 262 302 1,222 1,0(66 752 815 666 543 28 49 80 879 483 564 6064 427 286 948 828 534 221 392 114 318 226 218 194 87 69 965 330 751 60 1,049 1,0'67 694 553 633 2?A 6.23 663 403 1,170 1,167 749 461 294 267 1,070 688 675 324 171 179 ..................... 176.... 444 490 255 1,014 203 558 735 630 519 1,200 1,244 1,041 614 766 608 370 269 130 663 574 439 -583 963 287 198 122 47 347 541 320 662 157 380 1,381 556 947 1,28 2,235 985 140.......... 144 109o'iO6 141........... 51,701 4t,281 32,47 {3 8 8oal 117,003' 1 73.759 8 8 3 2 ) ) 6 a 1,46 128 259 .), L 4 9 8 3 93 6i 1,852 1,181 .22 1,084 6,59g 527 51 1,49(3 1,466 9938 1,480 859 1,027 1,06~ 512 543 1,085 1,'26 1,143 ..... ,461 993 1,317 1,480 552 1,084 1,6013 1,649 610 688 1,433 833 1,155 959f 1,034 1,613 1,8;74 543 56~ 95,340 6,929 69,907 74,745 7,8 67,867 70,132 7,510 4,838 2,264 i83,170'152. 530 140,10 *New Counties. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 '2 4 7 1 2. I 3 4 i I 3 I 4! 5, 5: 5: 5, 5' 5~ 6 6: 61 6: 6~ 6~ 6: 71 7: 7~ 7: 7, 7~ 7~ 7: 7~ 7~ 8: 8, 8: S 8' 91 9: 9~ 1, 0 fi5 667 236 1,357 1,054 1,004 2,158 343 377 994 622 1,559 1,109 ...... 606 432 747 901 1,312 684 538 444 784 210 1,712 900 1,119 1,507 518 1,286 685 66 487 998 529 1,134 1,918 340 584 945 852 1,694 1,145 850 487 1,09'3 2,304 415 510 497 ) [ 6 q 8 110 56 5~ 186 14 10C 13 7 2C 105 1 88 26 1 22 53' 113 119 11 27, 1 ..... 9) 174 ..... 7 1 q 19 26 6r~ 636 208 877 1,031 993 1,789 428 497 770 1,084 1,547 1,02 ....... 613 459 961 953 1,319 335 510 401 1,226 224 1,300 787 988 1,392 44q 1,414 471 352 667 1,142 1,106 1,523 23.5 63q 667 763 852 739 460 862 1,643 1,432 416 305 373 13 2 5 10 9 lo;O 590 114 1,039 1,019 813 1l,715 199 76 569 721 1,450 1,023 ...... 390 193 707 754 1,377 564 459 311 673 123 1,540 818 1.060 1,580 481 1,107 586 ,...... 328 863 464 961 1,550 100 682 675 787 1,515 601 779 394 1,149 2,321 185 259 222 457 206 831 1,085 854 1,634 256 51~ 517 1,118 1,521 1,076 4,38 168 1,036 888 1, 32c 334 4.91 305 1,154 124 1,36q 809 908 1,362 441 1,341 496 30:3 683 1,221 1,551 I'.119 672 556 '762 85m 575 470 85g 1,66(] 1,4.36 830 218 237 5 53 3 20 25 54 ..... 12 8 2/4 ..... ..... 391 115 1,069 989 911 1,636 154 311 312 719 1,413 1,012 ..... L ) 3 6 6 3 ) 70 5.9 10 121 5, 5 8 7 1 9 1 1{] 10 5S3 170 87 121 ..... 16 8 44 405 3 208 ,....i 32~ 5 140 68 21 22 839 18 314 21 ..... ...... 708 709 1,360 560 474 220 'i06 51 1,571 1,068 1,000 1,526 399 1,016 589 238 809 417 1,023 1,508 760 628 847 1,511 307 737 855 1,138 2,8,;9 131 206 144 65,30 13,601 I 4.... 1 ..... 26 4' ..... ..... 42 33 37 60 ..... 10 .... 318 ..... 9 5~ 3 1: 78, 1 1: 2,106 80,901 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. WISCONSIN. 1860. Lincoln,: Dougla, ReRpublican, Democrat. 1840 6301 35 32 873 1,9,39 459 189 706 605 256 241 152 89 3,386 1,614 82 8 i2 4,798 4,174 4,398 4,456 250 1 70 66 564 341 4,90 342 4,106 3,001: 3,579 1,922 2,372 1,334 1'957 708 1,909 1,58 654 2 3,077 2,794 1,033 737 326 688 1,687 920 1,477 765 1,736 1,898 43 4 2,041 1,947 219 - 481 781 8 2 4,831 6,726 1,229 631 598 286 832 1 082 627 1'82 326 105 637 411 199 122 944 471 2,634 1,659 1,167 776 5,198 1,916 2,309 985 163 114 2,731 2,179 664 5.97 490 1l, 1,145 487 3,910 1,591 989 2,747 3,02.0 2,563 1 340 575 8,225 1,859 362 301 ...................... 86,110 65,021 21,089 15t1.1.31 COUNTIES. 6 ~ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 33 31 32 33 34 3.5 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 4:3 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Adams....................... Ashland.................... Bad Ax..................... Brown...................... Buffalo..................... Calumet.................... Chippewa................... Clark....................... Columbia................... Crawford................... Dane....................... Dodge...................... Door........................ Douglas.................... Dunn....................... Eau Claire.................. Fond du Lac................ Grant....................... Green...................... Green Lake................. Iowa........................ Jackson.................... Jefferson................... Juneau..................... Kewaunee.................. Kenosha.................... La Crosse................... Lafayette................... La Pointe................... Manitowoc................. Marathon................... Marquette.................. Milwaukee.................. Monroe..................... Oconto..................... Outagamie................. Ozaukee.................... Pepin....................... Pierce...................... Polk........................ Portage..................... Racine...................... Richland.................... Rock....................... Sauk........................ Shawanaw.................. Sheboygan.................. St. Croix.................... Trempeleau................. Vernon..................... Walworth................... Washington................ Waukesha.................. Waupacca.................. Waushara................... Winnebago................. Wood....................... Soldiers Vote............... Total..................... Majority.................. Aggregate................ * 108,857 84,710 83,458 24,147 17,574 t193,567 4 t Including Bayfield, 44, and Burnett, 78 votes, new counties. t Bell received 161, and Breckenridge 888 votes. [l869. . 04 64. M~Clellan, Democrat. 222 29 1,286 284 718 293 48 1,483 786 3,811 4,698 75 67 251 362 3,305 1,561 1,107 508 1,424 207 2,742 687 753 879 904 1,712 22 2,248 527 647 6,875 650 178 989 2 050 '119 326 107 311 1,644 652 1,532 986 97 2,185 511 130 451 1,192 2,928 2,196 541 282 1,772 248 3,291 65,884 149,342 * No return. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. WISCONSIN. 186 82 88 Pierce, H~ale, Democrat. Free Soil. 86 0 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.............8..2.... .................6, 515 0 245. 8 7............. 1,23.3 81 maj. 42........ 2,138 288 2,264 429 13........................ .................. .................... 1,6.35 408 1,37,9 129 865 186 21 1,497 1,474~~~~~~~~~~~......2.....89.....94.~...........8...4. 948 0 23 3,290 8,484 6 1,203 1,693~~~~.....85......7j............. 1,693 359 25 89 206~~~~~~~~~~~~~................5 23.... 23 0 590 636 3825 10 1,389 0 .... 84............'....... 84 32 2,518 1,032 19~~~~~~~~~........ma.0''2.....i7.......... maj. 300........ 3,640 527 101 0 429 44 .............:...... 3............. ....................... 4 229,8............77 907..35 1,308- 776 166 0 1,691 923 595 156 4 9 12.......................... 1,315 376 maj. 62........ 51 "3,5~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~.8.......9 4 6,4....f43......66.....5.s 149 1,141 1,433 2,350 188 3 1,582 1,18 6 5.............. 174 116 949.575 5................ ................; 32,658 8,780 10,915 6 1 8 63,181 2 d d 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2223 24 25 26 27 28 '29 30 31 32 83 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Fremont, 3........ Republica. 1,591 597 499 68 486 ....... 73 2,950 521 3,996 3,455 39O 3,292 2,809 2,004 1,497 306 3,290 89 1,508 987 1,415 ....... 1,177 269 2,518 2,798 72'2 $:....... 2602 360 414 95 68O 2,299 882 4,707 2,015 68 1,891 417 190 3,518 813 2,875 1,636 1,292 2,769 26O 66,090 1'2,668 Fillmore, American. 9 0 0 21 ,1 6 15 ......... 0 25 186 32 27 6 6 0 0 25 19 1 19 25 6 ........o 0 11 0 13 6 37 10 4 0 15 0 0 ........ 7 8 0 6 20 0 579 119,512 *Nreun.fNeConis WihAa. 45 705 I,%' 9. ] 1852. 1856. 1848. 625 i,oo,4 163 408 1,239 429 3,443 2,784 511 1,419 1,087 1,474 144 3,434 831 641 1,722 1, 7 207 1,032 7,188 254 2,032 iO6 54 361 I,(m 455 1,965 .993 21 1,921 252 45 2,641 2,020 75 215 1,415 95 52,843 B.tt Whig. 26 1,205 1,341 659 483 260 850 145 t t 166 1,509 511 .......... q 1,156 939 147 707 21,743 T.yl., wwg. 5 109 724 1,649 479 884 77 1,189 il'6' 907 149 .355 13,747 V- B —. 0 443 637 144 297 626 159 1,4.93 324 i,ooi 10,428 39,176 9 7 215 757 7.97 1,148 391 2,151 635 91 158 2 650 1,720 961 2 15,001 1,254 t With Adams. t New Counties. * No retums. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. IOWA. V COUNTIES. 1 Adair........................... 2; Adams.......................... 3 Allamakee...................... 4 Appanoose...................... 5 Audubon....................... 6 Benton......................... 7 Black Hawk.................... 8 Boone.......................... 9 Bremer......................... 10 Buchanan....................... 11 Buena Vista.................... 12 Butler.......................... 13 Calhoun........................ 14 Carroll.......................... 15 Cass............................ 16 Cedar........................... 17 Cerro Gordo.................... 18 Cherokee....................... 19 Chickasaw...................... 20 Clarke.......................... 21 Clay........................... 22 Clayton......................... 2:3 Clinton......................... 24 Crawford....................... 25 Dallas........................... 26 Davis........................... 27 Decatur......................... 28 Delaware....................... 29 Des Moines..................... 30 Dickinson...................... 31 Dubuque....................... 32 Emmett........................ 33 Fayette......................... 34 Floyd........................... 35 Franklin........................ 36 Fremont........................ 37 Greene......................... 38 Grundy......................... 39 Guthrie.................... 40 Hamilton....................... 41 Hancock........................ 42 Hardin.......................... 43 Harrison........................ 44 Henry.......................... 45 Howard......................... 46 Humboldt.......................... 47 Ida............................. 48 Iowa............................ 49 Jackson.......................... 50 Jasper.......................... 51 Jefferson....................... 52 Johnson........................ 53 Jones........................... 54 Keokuk......................... 55 Kossuth........................ 56 Lee........................... 57 Linn........................... 58 Louisa.......................... 59 Lucas 60 Madison 61 Mahaska........................ 62 Marion.............................. 64 Marshall........................ 65 Mitchell...................... 1 864. I fmoln, Mc~lellan, lepublion. Democrat. 119 47 180 76 1,145 1,3.30 874'920 43 52 1,119 S60 1,489 433 405 460 738 257 1,054 601 6 9 559 241 12 24 33 32 180 128 1,625 832 228 11 8 1 576 292 611 207 24 11 2 110 1,642 1,896 1,410 49 17 632 328 1,021 968 689 577 1 300 6.30 2,050 1,514 .................... 1,742 3,318 41........ 1,413 799 587 185 236 56 511 448 153 103 202 18 280 273 260 80 35 17 815 305 341 291 2,069 669 74 31 10........ 792 B62 1,598 1,6og 1,349 638 1,389 962 1,546 1,397 1,531 941 1,149 938 74 14 2,506 2,223 2,253 1,087 1,30O5, 559 565 382 808 586 1,8:]6 954 1,458 1,452 1,0'96.367 485 237 579 106 706 [1869. 1868. Grsnt, Seymkour, Republican.: Democrat. 313 115 427 166 1,543 1,403 1,519 1,236 101 101 2,587 1,172 2,580 841 1,362 995 1,470 B38 1,872 926 57 4 1,118 424 104 67 156 82 420 248 2,470 1,381 441 73 64 15 996 520 1,062 426 76 4 2,783 1,952 3,283 2,292 188 138 1,254 5.90 1,520 1,410 1,024 1,018 2,034 1,021 2,572 1,958 121 10 2,633 4,091 136 28 2,124 1,051 1,233 400 516 78 977 1,082 42.3 231 5.30 75 547 412 638 167 89 24 1,586 535 932 732 2,802 1,044 674 380 271 80 23 5 1,490 1,164 2,040 2,117 2,799 1,2.2 1,895 1,'809 2,221 2,090 2,410 1,277 1,938 1,503 332 30 3,060 3,101 3,630 1,642 1,599 761 992 683 1,506 944 2,646 1,511 2,268 2,182 2,339 611 842 551 1,177 293 1860. Liaooln, Fusion, 1%pubtioan. Demoarbt. 42 44 161 92 1,185 1,151 853 1,224 48 59 1,028 724 1,122 557 365 446 543 454 962 621 6 6 483 246 19 20 25 26 167 136 1,548 963 157 59 10 3 550 306 592 445 8 13 2,089 1,674 1,974 1,450 47 31 612 433 843 1,424 680 898 1,268 789 1,997 1,677 46 7 2,092 3,059 36....... 1,529 85 560 201 228 69 402 516 121 145 141 19 ' 326 301 224 100 29 40 713 382 385 857 2,148 1,066 386 273 55 - 8 4 6 782 682 1,574 1,405 1,208 650 1,463 1,245 1,804 1,448 1,453 1,097 1,330 1,195 64 18 2,617 2,632 2,226 1,289 1,309 739 586'483 7,37 764 1,639 1 332 1,508 1',607 854 404 441 327 594 172 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. IOWA. 1856. Buchanan, Fillmore, B Pott, 0 Reu n Democrat. Ameriean. Whig. 27 4........ 78 3..... 500 28 t42 854 487 247 31 4..... 426 123 80 282 33..... 319 66 40 172 48........ 343 21 123 1 41 29........ 14................ 6, O1 176 338 17 101 40 t . 1................. 102 32........ 338 77 20 754 67' 471L 839 142 278 319 20 79 1,014 752 592 583 133 55 500 149 233 1,413 522 984 .............3.4....... 4........7. i. i *..... 2,427 256 600 452 114 167 124 14........ 33................ 203 103 95 3 117................* 2 *. 42 583 *i95............. 205 12 7 .195 18....... 124 9... 767 308 832 63.8.....53.....2......' 326 7 12 1,332 276 554 455 33 160 1,023 206 759 964 282 415 663 10 266 830 197 326 12.............. 2,158 650 1,379 971 273 522 642 200 468 355 176 80 519 61 103 940 268 599 62............ 411 199 10' 4 31 153 102 42 1 35 1....... d V Fremont, Republican. 1 72 2 11 3 3 630 4 191 5 23 6 558 7 566 8 203 9 327 10 1709 11 73. 117 12 223 13 9 14 *....... 15 132 16 1,016 17 101 18 *....... 19 351 20 346 21....... 22 1,420 23 1,245 24 36 25 487 26 201 27 243 28 801 29 1,338 30 *.. 31 1,322 32........ 33 1,043 34 224 35 120 36 -- 166 37 73 38 65 39 196 40 *....... 41 *..... 42 583 43 170 44 1,767 45 207 46....... 47 *... 48 492 49 1,163 50 878 , 51 1,188 52 1,215 53 964 54 895 55 85 56 1,780 57 1,652 58 993 59 288 60 580 61 1,284 62 t....... 63 531 64 287 65 314 * New Countier. f No RetuniB. 707 1869.1 1852. 335 336 ..... 4 614 133 204 1,154 96 739 113 796 531 &38 403 592 368 85 150 541 48.9 52 91 1848. 88 207 26 375 1,070 59 559 69 739 359 207 355 393 286 400 3m H.l.'Bil. 18 80 12 3 9 3 2 T.yl.,' Whig. 205 168 364 107 955 365 .......... 655 25 397 66 637 286 154 231 1,189 2.93 428 402 V-B. 4 8 30 41 21 41 56 t No Retums. * New Counties. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. IOWA.-Continued. 1868. 1864. COUNTIES. ~ Grant, Seymour, Lincoln, McClellan, O6~~~~~~~ ~~Republican. Democrat. Republican. Democrat. 66 Monona........................ 372........ 122 88 67 Monroe......................... 1,290 913 848 592 68 Montgomery..................... 357 225 144 91 69 Muscatine...................... 2,539 1,576 1,767 1,242 70 O'Brien......................... 10 1 2 5 71,Page.9........................... 936 474 521 168 72 Palo Alto....................... 42 62................ 73 Plymouth........................95 23 19........ 74 Pocahontas..................... 93 19 32 8 75 Polk............................ 2,913 1,694 1,509 1,092 76 Pottawatomie................... 1,121 1,042 502 35 3 77 Poweshiek...................... 1,686 791 753 454 78 Ringgold......................... 519 257 319 76 79 Sac............................. 132 45 44 22 80 Scott............................ 3,612 1,763 2,674 1,402 81 Shelby.......................... 153 129 61 78 82 Sioux........................... 6 5 1 3 83 Story........................... 1,058 423 549 342 84 Tama........................... 1,862 805 873 388 85 Taylor..........................717 321 434 135 86 Union........................... 488 352 196 167 87 Van Buren...................... 2,026 1,606 1,577 1,015 88 Wapello........................ 2,119 1,821 1,398 1,268 89 Warren.......................1,946 933 1,170 622 90 Washington...................2,314 1,323 1,663 937 91 Wayne..........................1,031 7'39 520 430 92 Webster........................736 549 318 319 93 Winnebago...................... 161 16 39 13 94 Winneshiek.................... 2,.300 1,092 1,495 350 95 Woodbury...................... 430 323 157 93 96 Worth..........................259 1 123 31 97 Wright......................... 241 61 86 42 Total......................... 120,399 74,040 *89,075 49,596 Majority...................... 46,,359 39,479 Aggregate.................... 194,439 138,671 * Including the army vote, Lincoln 17,310, McClellan 1,921. KENTUCKY. 1864. Lincoln, MeClellan, Rep. Dem.. 59 627 29 547 34 272 351 541 55 737 132 451 200 1,063 274 850 202 493 129 532 B5268 922 .................... 42 995 14 624 9 414 13294 351 .............. COUNTIES. 6 5 3 708 [1869. 1860. 109 89 879 749 152 81 1,840 1,285 8 10 469 2w 4 29 32 6 21 10 1,303 1,074 413 410 721 484 348 182 15 39 2,739 1,377 100 64 3 10 418 333 775 413 353 248 198 208 1,667 1,552 1,3.99 1,686 1 1152 795 11724 1,057 579 648 253 2M 24 21 1,.382 780 129 117 109 30 93 20 70.409 55,111 15,298 125,520_ 1868. G,-t' S.Y.., Rp. D... 261 65 271 64 116 80 106 1,.34 390 1, 497 1, 256 1,50 184 1,3 434 51 154 91 1 507 1,21 22:3 408 I,l 45 9 563i 469 1 3m, 8 89 1,099 1860. Li..I., R.P. D... 1 1 11 ill :,:' "i 1, 1 1 ill I 1867 ...... 11715 . i. 1 1Em 3 11750 18 794 3 1,080 4 1,771 ......'553 1,619 2.991 5 940 3 1,112 ....... 11,294 1856. Fill..., B.h..., A.. D... 455 1,033 537 713 299 737 323 655 1,561 1,232 642 1,028 937 818 957 601 .... 4i4'' "i 876 742 .112 502 1,008 628 545 561 571 451 463 607 206 1,20.9 6 0 0 6 z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Adair................ Allen................ Anderson............ Ballard.............. Barren.............. Bath................. Boone............... Bourbon............. Boyd................ Boyle................ Bracken............. Breathitt............ Breckenridge Btillitt............... Butler............... Caldwell............. Calloway............ PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. IOWA.-Continued. 1856. |Buchanan, Democrat. 56 603 58 895.... 1... 171 ......... ........ ........ 888 353 255 52 35 1,1 19 19 ......... 272 2996 183 121 1,396 1,175 513 629 368 209 ........ 209 ...... 36,170 1852. Pierce, Demoerat. 295 ........ 645 ........ 40 ........ ........ ........ 439 182 45 ........ 369 ........ ........ 9 ........ 1,07 q62 82 369 59 68 17,%63 1,907 ~ ~ 70I 6 66 67 68 69 7O 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 8'2 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 Fremont, Republican. 41 622 63 1,091 ........ 100 ........ ....... ........ 1,065 259 459 1 92 25 1,675 62 ........ 232 470 119 102 1,092 1,093 855 1,188 133 389 ....... 770 *....... ....... 91 43,954 7,784 7,784 1,907 1,009 89,304 35,223 24.297 * New Counties. KENTUCKY. 1848. Taylor, C.s., Whig. Dem. 568, 549 423 553 3.4 547 277 281 1,462 1,048 724 782 935 769 1,172 486 ....... 2........... 773 347 795 472 143 151 1,006 422 499 399 349 204 826 841 227 664 d ~ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1852. Scott, Pierce, Whig. Dem. 457 59q 280 454 292 606 260 328 1,119 967 58 7 78 9 800 769 978 528 .... 96....... 603 ad 638 517 96 2.34 842 440 403 446 312 269 731 874 189 815 17~ ~~~~ ~~~.. 18f1 2 6 0 72 21 105 9 3 I 709 1869.] 77 7 .......... 12,093 1,009 A..i.... 13 93 . 17 32 .... i. ........ ........ ........ 91 84 87 64 ........ 329 ........ ......L,4. 90 31 17 324 252 . 102 403 170 31 ..... ii. :....... ........ 9,180 8.9,-3 " B.t" Whig. 562 61 5 7 98 683 95 473 63 15,856 6 2 8 20 13 181 1,604 ,35,223 T.yl. Whig. 13 1,120 24,297 926 570 11,084 1844. cl.y, P.1k, Whig. D... 548 639 401.635 1281 55 282 400 1,306.1,10 611 783 888 Ill 1,208.5l .... 4.. 17 753 44 120 2.31 924 464 528' 4.'36 351 290 780 966 204 772 New County. 1840. H-i.-, VB-., Whig. D... 518. 376 410 377 292 329 .. i........... 1216 732 605 475 843 473 1,126 396 ....... .......':... i' 712 9 159 45 98.9 214 465. 253 258 189 687 670 201 1,055 1836. El-,i..., V B..., Whig. D... 2z3 401 201 373 181 375 .............. .787 m 485 470 580 488 992 416 .............. ............. 755 176 209, 319 1.34 I&t W2 497 99 730 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. KENTUCKY.-Continued. 1868. Gr,at, Seymour, Rep. Dem. COUNTIES. 1860. Linoln, Fusion, Rep. Dem. Campbell............ Carroll............... Carter............... Casey................ Christian............ Clark................ Clay................. Clinton.............. Crittenden........... 2 umberland......... Daviess.............. Edmonson........... Estill................ Fayette.............. Fleming............. 3 Floyd................. Franklin............. 3 ulton............... 3 allatin............. 3 arrard............. 3Grant................ 3 raves.............. 4 rayson............. 4 reene.............. Hrednup............. ~ancock............. ardin.............. Harlan............... 4 arrison............ 4 art................ 4 enderson........... 4 enry............... Iickman............ Hopkins............. Jackson............. Jefferson............ 5 essamine........... Johnson............. Josh Bell............ 5 enton.............. Knox................ .arue............... ,aurel............... awrence............ 6 etcher.............. Lewis............... incoln.............. ivingston.......... 6 ogan............... 6ouisville City...... Lion................. Mladison........83 Magoffin............. 7Marion.............. 7Marshall............. 7 ason............... 7 cCracken.......... 75 cLean.............. 7 eade............... 7 ercer............... 7 etcalfe............. 7 ontgomery........ 8 Ionroe.............. 8 Morgan.............. 82uhlenburg......... .~elson.............. 1856. Fillmore, Buchanan, Am. Dem. 906 1,219 439 511 298 787 601 415 1,880 1 098 946'418 421 369 261 522 506 664 635 335 954 965 161 421 474 543 1,404 1,006 949 848 85 939 883 7.94 340 460 310 269 866 423 639 676 475 1,380 477 651 408 639 866 865 425 407 1,226 932 ,382 264 965 1,095 509 816 865 767 727 1,050 244 631 857 1,133 4,98....2,972 614 553 14 708 .................. 1,246 1,64 588 271 546 489 408 365 466 478 79 287 586- 631 796 459 457 372_ 1,613 506 ................ 1,087 832 .............;.. 418 1,14 10494 1,0 904 660 505 404 476 71,4 402 615 1,121 .*. *..'..........i 54 451 561 661 289 1,068 733 747 793 1,041 33 Nelson................21 1,585 17 868 1,585 793 1,041 7 6 1 7 710 [1869. . 1864. ' M.01.1i.., .,. D-. z 18 19 20 21. 22. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 3.9 40 41 42 4344 45 46, 47 48 49 50 51 52 5,3 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62, 63 64 65 66 67 09 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 71, 78 7.9 so' 8182 8',3 1,701 24 20 4 227 681 155 533 108 218 155 6.50 676 855 112 274 6 100 573 446 416 147 742 105 200 476 458 242 88 157 41 340 502 1,481 172 531 359 1,658 820 113 714 lw 271 983 116 76 307 819 247 206 117 631 241 150 so 326 206 136 556 201 490 21 1, 8.C) 98 56 461 1,45 1,07 69 526 2,415 345 641 2,016 1,178 463 I,-,390 749 571 807 933 1,830 816 576 556 719 1,722 96 1,593 1,201 1,807 1,402 987 1,286 ill 11,072 745 274 93 2,732 392 757 474 633 278 799 1,043 810 1,910 .... i 1,6.50 233 1,460 970 1,862 1,146 731 1,0.99 1,164 474 872 4,'31 719 3,864 1,585 8 367 127 376 130 312 3 424 33 37 48 470 882 357 3 86 109 467 220 642 114 18 83 256 40 30 ill 289 47 345 2,066 195 629 17 444 191 109 246 220 60 800 213 28 149 368 t)15 62 3 271 24 401 84 17 3 50 63 215 252 302 1,124 215 303 496 701 9 61 3.91 460 372 769 716 591 431 3.66 1,010 51 820 1,051 949 1,168 223 492 29 6,404 612 1,374 197 700 188 380 801 217 700 79 1,119 147 1,197 323 504 630 627 505 813 326 52 597 868 314 i 8 4 3 56 5 21 8 2 4 3 6 2 2 1 2 101 106 3 3 10 31 4 26 8 3 2,3 919 802 708 1,250 858 21258 501 964 1 1561 11834 673 1,734 714 837 1,070 1,498 2,02.5 1,013 975 1,2,34 889 2,085 597 2,230 1,43(J 1,656 1,8.35 968 1,568 289 9,459 1,199 666 866 883 76.3 958 373 1,080 1,195 906 21001 2,008 488 1,660 1,080 2,851 1,121 1,824 798 1,078 960 1.965 1,349 1, PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. KENTUCKY.-Continued. 1840. HParison, V Bure n, Whig. Dem. 355 466 359 220 163 3228 392 72 1,080 591 1,001 1 9 9 438 91 314 122 ................. 567 79 690 428 209 134 459 155 1,43 5 39 6 1,142 472 233 404 656 4 34 ............8.... 326 26~ 1,026 1 38 354 320 304 607 445 206 766 666 599 268 214 69 1,342 524 438 t0 741 694 499 303 616 451 807 845 393 684 654 4 81 ........ o......... 890 722 652 273 *................. 518 618 690 99 ................. 406 96 335 123 523 321 922 182 632 478 1,223 213 2,220 985 ................ 1,318 391 .............. 1,556 VA4 388 264 .............. 646 151 1,145 954 ................. 625 390 478 187 260 318 652. 219 1208 324 1852. Boott, Pierce, Whig. Dem.. 5 77 1,098 446 473 180 497 474 23,O 973 806 842 322 278 185 2 766 318 396 486 601 157 1,027 711 208 218 358 322 1,376 809 888 698 165 222 83.3 759 152 233 372 411 863 236 437 572 446 971 433 394 422- 487 637 660 249 205 1,007 619 327 65 802 947 455 578 616' 635 744 983 155 379 737 809 .................. 3,665 3,791 556 476 64 299 .............. 975 1,384 487 164 417 348 372 187 385 362 63 78 400 503 674 338 312 267 1,294 384 ............. 976 5 ................. 782 763 91 425 1,337 896 385 416 *............ 647 230 594 914 ................. 518 389 377 350 316 509 814; 553 9581 487 16 Whig.~ De. 0 511 814 143 38 34 243 510 2 44 20 529 19 2 97 80 1,132 786 112 8 1,046 319 377 125 286 294 342 399 25 642 153 986 60~ 249 204 3485 238 1,541 781 8 6 1,159 700 3260 22 3926 664 6 36 32 41 360'36.....34....3".....32..22..43 55 1,187 191 3485 52 9 468 77 3 507 345 517 51f 640 151 304 166 1,239 631 350 53 44 891 896 586' 528 731 559 827 1,022 16.9 353 7f96 766 0 682 439 59 106 214 648 159 478 349 48 8 145 414 318 62~ ~ ~ ~~~~3 63 7......5...2 6 403 2655 1,402 358 2,836 2,020 ................ 7 4 14, 313 5 5 69 120 49( 6 1,631- 95~ 407 30~ .............. 713 225 734 108 586 379 41 3 746 437i 1,149 464 70 21 20 213 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 8:3 33 958 487 1,149 464 1,326 608 1,208 324 765 425 1844. Clay, Polk, Whig. Dem.. 358 618 382 370 148 508 468 214 1,122 825 996 314 335 92 262 315 284 399 590 167 808 622 174 251 392 216 1,695 824 1,143 771 190 340 816 634 ................. 348 351 1,128 229 396 4.93 386 884 432 386 827 1,042 593 385 277 213 1,095 702 334 75 859 975 579 558 719 638 708 1,044 304 740 701 814 1,092 1,042 616 469 85 252 ................ 67 92o 589 164 382 333 384 124 347 345 29 161 506 543 769 335 424 327 1,407 374 2,435 1,662 1,202 633 715 737 94 600 1,608 799 256 195 ................. 650 223 557 985 .................. 673 597 451 473 247 512 657 439 1,326 608 ~ew Counties. 4 9 3 i 6 711 18669.] !836. Harrison, V Buren, Whig. Dem. 484 1,026 ............. ............. 176 224 670 470 838 226 202 153 .................. .................. 304 144 445 Su 122 144 ................. 1,266 689 898 464 80 549 609 560 ................. 483 52,5 814 218 247 225 158 363 268 153 274 890 357 265 152 72 698 526 174 53 445 714 216 387 364 360 627 794 198 521 403 381 610 584 513 339 .............. 309 9 .............. 171 100 68 207 .................... 345 302 613 317 225 361 902 289 1,473 960 .............. 972 420 .............. .............. 1,231 508 149 106 .............. 389 128 739 938 179 220 57 a.5 344 227 765 425 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. KENTUCKY.-Continued. 1864. Lineoln, McClellan, Rep. Dem.. 244 528 367 765 31 588 87 Owen~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.....................5 9,4 5,7 348 96 629 688 .................... 91 Pike~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.................21... 1 80 16 0 27 127 92 Powell~~~~~~~~~~~~~............... 3 20..... 7...1739 17 17 1,059 615 42.8 9.59 49 23 15 459 87 567 18 990 6 430 1 351 30 489 105 388 42 452 12 385 98 428 163 1,444 73 810 89 546 77 311 731 71 28 564 27,786 64,301 36,515, 92,0871 COUNTIES. 1868. Grant, i eymour, Rep. De.. 315 993 B 1 208 82 2,198 B3 894 6571 251 759 1,210 347 195 219 438 134 203 1,571 1,200 213 619 516 611 254 167 222 423 168 1,503 89 1,751 90 805 14 793 44 641 108 1,199 128 947 33 870o 118 1,558 320 1 8111 399 1,037 412 952l 201 1,0371 940 281! 71 969 180 346i .............. 39,566 115,889 706,323 155,455 tes, Breckenrid~ C ~ 6 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 1.01 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 10.9 110 111 112 113 Nicholas............. Ohio................ Oldham.............. Owen................ Owsley.............. Pendleton........... Perry................ Pike................. Powell............... Pulaski.............. Robertson........... Rock Castle......... Rowan.............. Russell.............. Scott................ Shelby.............. Simpson.............. Spencer............. Taylor............... Todd................ Trigg................ Trimble............. Union............... Warren.............. Washington......... Wayne.............. Webster............. Whitley............ Woodford........... Wolfe............... Soldiers' Vote....... Total.............. Majority........... Aggregate......... TENNESSEE.* 1868. 1860. 1856. 5 COUNTIES. ~ Grant, Seymour, Bell, Brecken'ge Douglas, Filmore, Buchanan, 6g~~~~~~ ~~Rep. Dem. Union. Dem. Dem. Am. Dem. 1 Anderson.................... 595 142 614 339 30i 649 348 2 Bledsoe...................... 365 114 361 177 38 354 271 3 Blount....................... 1,361 112 1,261 586 47 1,246 623 4 Bradley..................... 1,084 265 710 759 301 658 1,078 5 Bedford.......................1,449 1,064 1,506 1,389 35 1.557 1,378 6 Benton....................... 175 31 452 713 5 453 632 7 Campbell..................... 550 40 345 271 20 345 434 8 Carter........................ 61 30 859 205 15 0 728 228 9 Cheatham.....................73 80 t. 423 465 10 Claiborne.................... 591 48 614 71....8.....i 543 735 11 Cocke........................ 783 2 933 473 141 795 439 12 Cannon....................... 311 177 445 922 20 428 809 13 Coffee........................ 110 297 361 1,101 7 307 990 14 Carroll....................... 1,193 55 1,571 737 129 1,710 863 15 Cumberland..................242 6............1 243 261 16 Davidson..................... 4,517 1,452 3,850 2,32 383 3,259 2,074 17 DeKalb....................... 626 262 677 882 13 554 795 18 Dickson...................... 292 144 135 465 88 382 816 19 Decatur...................... 121 18 473 362 81 453 495 20 Dyer......................... 118 346 798 450 154 666 599 * Tennessee did not vote in 1864. t Vote thrown out. ii I I I I i i I I i i I u 712 [1869. 1860.* 1856. FM..,., B..b —, A.. D... 666 709 813. 901 387 528 554 1,579 335 401 746 7.32 173 2.95 161 706 167' 177 956 7 106 2137 448 4". 674 1,049 1,262- 773 437 537 391 434 317 672 76 5713 581 8519 2i5 599 653 92,5 I,,354 695 441- 1,145 515 69.9 2 672 420 .............. .............. 67,416 74,642 '1'226 142,058 ity 12,915. 1 3 2 1,704 1,467 934 2,342 705 1,796 414 8w 349 2,031 640 333 774 1 1954 11998 917 7.36 920 1 1063 11446 923 1,574 1,923 1,218 1,305 956 861 1, lc)6 461 14,'3,703 142,3,39 145,067 ..... ...... i ....... ....... ....... ...... i 4 1 1 ...... I . 5 ...... i ....... ....... ....... 1,364 51.9 797 1,434 448 460 ...... 808 588 361 501 1,226 721 689 ....... 584 778 ....... ....... 67,141 17,421 4;37 729 1,184 389 3:31 1 64 5 652 560 300 499 982 637 463 ....... ....... 706 ......7 ....... 57,068 3,262 97 98 9.9 100 101 102 103 10]: 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 1i2 113 195 888 753 380 340 527 422 629 491 612 600 680 3 42 ....... ....... 410 ....... ....... 53,806 110,874 TENNESSEE. 1844. Clay, Polk, Whig em. 5 620 325 4529 259 1,046 735 572 958 1,455 1,526 4292 49 81 7 3 22 ~7 318 739 177 ..7....3..... 746w844 187C 14 1,498 649 1,493 560 2806 52,31 35062..26 16',32. 2,66'2368.'1,63.,233 5243''63,7,34..6 2,~6S 1,683 488 491 339 706 .356 2722 New County, 9 0 o V c; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2o t 1848. Taylor, Cass, Whig. Dem. 602 2502 508 229 965 6635 760 927 1,497 1,381 392 459: 473 279! 745 129 ................. 815 189 469 827! 3.32 943i 1,493 5601 2,698 1,976 571 57,3 386 674 ..........i 1 852. Soott, Pierce, Whig. Dem. 602 267 464 209 827 566 547 778 1,3.90 1,356 340 485 313 252 585 140 ................. 503 519 743 196 45.3 727 205 722 1,498 649 2,623 2,059 559 58 1,013 769 400 - 315 502. 411 2)) 51)8 411 888 271 356'''272......3 206 146 55 ) i 734 716 428 351 ........ 409 632 486 458 603 678 405 ....... 9.2 337 ....... ........ 49,720 116,861 431 803 1,441 455 469 ....... 784 557 268 507 1,132 660 535 ....... 431 750 ....... ....... 61,'55 9,2.67 I'd5 938 796 418 508 406 651 507 584 687 709 342 99 473 ....... ...... 51,988 113,243 Du 729 1,570 453 472 ...... 70O5 455 284 48' 99,7 697 579 .......l~ 439} 723 58,489 295,873 . ii 797 56~ 17~ 30C ....... 45'? 404 41t 437 339 16{: ...... 294 32,616i 91,10~ 544 1,327 327 292 ....... 550 271 ...... 205 763 253 383 ....... 269} 615 ....... ....... 36,687 3,662 114 4993 586 257 347 ...... i 212 349 ....... 26;6 4-10 6:36 319 ....... 32B ....... 33,025 69,712 1840. Harrison, Van Buren, Whig. De. 625 227 644 202 1,198 6-40 467 791 1,878 2,156 2959 301 481 328 837 99 6.31 733 917 80 ................. ......,..i.. 1,361 3o ........... 1,960 1,274 ......./~....... 44t; 2f6 183(3. White, Van Buren Whig. Dem. 221 81 223 15 564 153 824 428 1,500 1,614 95 153 157 ~ 147 664 70 .............. 329 90 309 7 .............. ,.............. 8O)2 202 ................. 1,334 985 .............. 203 426 ................. 146.5,5 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. TENNESSEE.-Continued. 1868. 1860. 1856. Grant, Seymor, Bell, BBreken'ge Douglas, Fillmore, Buehalan, Rep. Dem. Ur. Dem.. Dem. Am. Dem. Unio..] 196 130 135 465 16 i118 533 82 118 388 1,526 26 331 1,427 821 672 953 364 588 1,082 1,080 921 129 1,047 667 17 1,117 7.36 1,616 656 1,048 2,054 -3 88 1,385 561 611 1,313 1,511 86 1,236 1,584 38 9 74 431 60 28 425 2 Gion................ 1,909 1,039 241 1,832 1,284 950 84- 1,067 1,155 87 916 1,144 1,273 393 1,074 820 165 1,064 1,051 492....... 309 493 18 241 525 698 236 671 718 142 748 905 97 104 273 1,067 16 238 1,086 102 119 350 654 14 280 695 506 810 767 555 754 691 1,3,3 644 105 1,246 611 74 1,313 815 168 148 887 1,808 24 897 1,827 1,382 811 885 358 453 842 920 2,012 71 1,625 681 35 1,571 567 501 1 508 140 4 459 178 436 513 1,182 1,050 338 1,261 1,180 3,064 603 2,471 859 128 2,551 838 154 174 470 690 58 514 876 33....... 40 255 8 25 242 4 558 517 2,442 293 431 2,670 67 453 493 172 270 395 411 1,259' 294 986 978' 141 970 1,059 327 87 150 52i 88' 125 635 4.39 14 498 347 56 523 444 756 110 915 1,099 52 867 1,041 186' 34 168 218 46 162 263 1,909 1,012 1,434 1,731 63 1,316 1,823 1,035 683 1,428' 1,042 95 1,368 944 166 856 662 1,326' 43 649 1,278 433 59 563 430'27 559 526 520 75 1,064 493 514 969 1,125 289 267 1,441 460 429 1,561 981 290 34 394 1,417 40 322 1,505 85 139 686 885 165 533 950 296 37 396.825 63 402 798 142 48 891 520 19 362 525 187 55 289 386'24 311 448 1,488 135- 1,105 83' 43 1,028 829 212 406 1,309 930 79 1,089 928 957 841 1,540 1,50' 21 1,469 1,868 39 11 *..... t................... 1,264 41 1,035 188 7 921 164 211 12 252 154 1 156 224 585 20 538 1,517 69 548 1,477 617 215 1,475 618 60 1,596 729 120 830 412 786 144 606 895 465 378 883 1,677 153 859 1,894 5,116 2,871 3,048 744 2,959 2,114 2,044 262 1,733 420 91 563 424 663 15...... 116 187 12 103 265 1,217 69 967 1,381 62 828 1,334 - a342 166 378 1,220 14 41-1 1,130 556 45 701 392 7,3 7'14 568 165 37 768 686 28 808 740 561 835 1,587 797 82 1,646 775 Wl.... 850 1,2'i8 2,223 1,165 63 2,186 1,134 506 226 900 1,335 126 859 1,628 56,757 26,311 69,274 64,709 11,350 66,178 73,638 30,446 4,565 7,460 Aret.........83,068 145,333 139,816 t New County. nam and Union, new counties, 669 votes. COUNTIES. 714 [1869. v ~ o 21 22 2.3 24 25 26 27 28 29 3.0 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 6.3 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 8o 82 Fentress..................... Franklin..................... Fayette....................... Granger...................... Greene....................... Giles......................... Grundy....................... Gibson....................... Hawkins..................... Hamilton..................... Hancock..................... Hardin....................... Hickman..................... Humphreys.................. Hardeman.................... Henderson................... Henry........................ Haywood..................... Jefferson..................... Johnson...................... Jackson...................... Knox......................... Lawrence.................... Lewis........................ Lincoln...................... Lauderdale................... McMinn...................... Meigs......................... Marion....................... Monroe...................... Morgan...................... Maury........................ Montgomery................. Marshall...................... Macon........................ McNairy..................... Madison...................... Overton...................... Obion........................ Polk.......................... Perry......................... Rhea......................... Roane........................ Robertson.................... Rutherford................... Seqniatchie................... Sevier........................ Scott......................... Sullivan...................... Smith........................ Stewart...................... Sumner...................... Shelby....................... Tipton....................... Van Buren................... Washington.................. -Warren...................... Wayne-....................... White........................ Williamson................... Wilson....................... Weakley..................... .. Total...................... Majority.................... Aggregate.................. * Excluded. Irregular :I; Includin-g Pu PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. TENNESSEE.-Continued. 1848. 1844. TaSylort, Cae, Clay, Polk, Whig. Dem. Whig. Dem. 113 432 60 456 390 1,207 358 1,123 1, 217 1,060 1,205 1,151 1,094 489 998 548 963 1,483 1,031 1,701 2 1 4 1,389 1,511 1,301 1,387 ........................... 1,423 688 1,320 611 1,2532 1,243 1,173 1,388 685 634 -644 624 32. 643 808......................7....'...'...5...i' 621 770 505....;732 301 988 255 1,034 309 482 305 523 723 1,016 689 1,077 1,286 460 1,209 492 860 1,349 835 1,312 800 672 756 668 1,468 215 1,563 247 382 66 370 79 1,269 801 1,211 807 2,140 439 2,015 507 596 544 489 547 —;~........... s..... 680 2',584' "'6.5.8 2'2,494 279 274 286 211 960 1,024 873 1,061 150 534 120 620 562 336 503 381 962 960 859 1,086 229 187 211 232 1,516 1,970 1,292 1,988 1,288 969 1,271 1,029 730 1,408 63 1,398 ........................... 939 786 773 7 "41 1,562 737 1,357 768 467 1,112 336 1,145 357 487 282 53 6 367 517 260 488 433 287 744 513 298 324 232 368 998 671 900 735 1,236 839 1,193 871 1,754 1,439 1,730 1,500 ........... 7.8 6 "'8.......................... 4 36 1,375 350 1,533 2,380 719 2,328 7 88 574 705 519 704 922 1,994 881 2,017 1,828 1,607 1,625 1,352 352 482 360 502 130 198 116 190 862 1,016 881 1,225 407 1,161 335 1,190 673 386 665 446 1,064 503 857 468 1,883 793 1,986 859 2,517 998 2,607 1,042 6 7 1, 069 1,080 560 1,084 . — ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 64,321 58,142 60,030 59,917 6,179 113 122,463 119,94q Coffee. t With Claiborne and ith Campbell. 1852. .cott, Pierce,.. Whig. Dem. 153 411 330 1,13G 1,006 1,034 852 477 780 1,307 1,303 1,447 44 327 1,570 901 778 831 774 648 241 336 643 808 241 - 839 263 4Ci 716 1,024 1,193 511 899 1,516 790 732 1,170 312 365 93 1,118. 703 1,863 565 549 583 43 186 606 2,297 330. 277 796 866 141 442 453 292 805 847 240 222 1,324 1,799 1,260 993 666 1,340 616 374 956 907 1,426 819 345 1,039 431 644 272 470 325 314 3Q0 307 820 678 533 725 1,495 1,313 ................. 621 80 304 100 260 1,114 1,742 520 323 607 825 1,563 1,824 1,628 851.565 107 165 565 853 344 922 666 380 949 518 1,583 763 2,248 923 783 1,149 58,898 57,01E 1,880 115,9li With Warren and I D Wi 6 o v -z; 21. 22. 22: 24 25 2627 28 29: 30 31 3233 34 35 36 37 38' 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63. 64 65 66 67 68 69 "0 71 72 73 74 75 "6 77 78 "9 80 81 82 715 1869.] 1840. Harrison, Van Buren, Whig. Dem. 140 323 645 1,461 1,140 902 1,095 449 1,032 1,559 1,190'' 1,24 ............. 1,272 418 1,053 1,251 606 473 .............. 562 581 293 952 191' 333 676 860 1,318 277 862' 1,079 807 576 1 811 131' '390 49 1,302' 591 2,096 314 537 372 831 2,531 1,022 897 119 535 503' 368 92,3 928 211 161 11497 2,025 1',101 90 .............. ................ 906 477 1,312 537 329 988 267' 357 ................ 781' 348 209 388 11047 545 1'167 650 1,706 1,475 ............ 926 45 ................ 327 1,,3I 2,657 688 457 642 794 1,738 950 681 ~ 573 588 ).............. 892' 1,08,3 i 513 1,944 /760 266 3 1,'0 386 2,01I 681 2,55O 870 528' q7 60,391'- 49,289 12,102 108,68 Hawkils. - ~ With Bradley. 1836. White, Van Buren Whig. Dem. 166 7 448 1,199 886 879 601 16 695 724 908 796 ................. 702 152 "70 481 215 158 252 1L41 149 621 124 175 459 53i 831 87 645 498 551 266 577 23 0............. 710 263 965 86 228 272 752 1,479 ............. 163 106 287 170 563 288 85 3 1,210 1,961 745 467 374 152 1,111 169 250 557 164 105 ............i.. 427 1L2 271 63 460 110 862 609 1,179 1,000 ................. i 253 ........... 302 93 1,296 332 169 402 "/48 1,160 488 310 346 331 439 70 L 394 1,172 i 272 155 750 100 1,491 402 1,610 5 248 W311 35,168 26,129 9,039 9 61,297 New Countfes. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MISSOURI. 1864. Lincoln, McClellan ~~~~~Rep. Demn e. Br. Rp. Be., A. Ben 797 162 1,141 6 639 7 126 392 197 17 27 13 5y74 21 243 12 262 813 1,914 813 274 965 468 1 1,213 551 285 113 ............... 76 10 297...... 363 2 557 5 997 16' 216 77q 297 2 1,256 60 939 381 297 307 507 4 243 12 q75 286 400 197 107 1 862 185 525 281 2,223 346 933 1 1,252 21 465 231 360 1 '67,3 81 ....97........ 534 602 557 46 2 915 381 832 2 659 S 833...... 774 5429 85 907 1 442 495 1,757 240 14 215 244 828 37 77 d 0' 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5: 16 17 18 19 20: 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 230 31 32 23 3 24' 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 55 57 58 59 60 61 62 6: 54 COUNTIES. 1860. Lincoln, Bel Re,p. Re. Breck.,, Douglas, 185 1,248 97 1,815 68 873 1 1,075 1 876 28 276i 30 1,245 74 980 23 515 12 2,.901 452 8,527 10 43 816 15 2,617 6 625 175 J1,519 3 1,58U 103 g.3,56f4 4 867 1 1,595 ... 67(] 277 1,791 .......1,87~ 11 1,. 114 1,143 20 2,221 35 714 8 994 20 685 33 1,502 7 695 7 78~ .......43~ .............. 494 1,57~ 433 396 201 1,649 42 1,69~ 129 1,11' 297 1,279 16 1, 15 63~ 202 970 1 2,106 .... 40~ 108 579 191 8,511 38 1,0 142 1,061 18 2,36 161 1,50~ 6 80C 24 2,722 59 1,0g 43 1,89~ 3 1,921 105 1'8 29,44f9 134 2,4 9 62 7 235 3,05~ Adair.................. Andrew................ Atchison............... Audrain................ Barry.................. Barton................. Bates.................. Benton................. Bollinger............... Boone.................. Buchanan.............. Butler.................. Caldwell................ Callaway............... 1Camden................ Cape Girardeau......... Carroll................. Carter.................. Cass................... Cedar.................. Chariton............... Christian............... Clark................... Clay................... Clinton................ Cole.................... Cooper................ Crawford............... Dade................... Dallas.................. Daviess................ De Kalb................ Dent................... Dodge................. 3Dougla,................ 3Dunlin................ Franklin............... Gasconade............. Gentry................. Greene................. Grundy................ Harrison............... Henry.................. Hickory................ Holt.................... Howard................ Howell................. Iron.................... Jackson................ Jasper................. Jefferson............... Johnson............... Knox.................. Laclede................ Lafayette............... Lawrence.........: 4 Lewis.................. Lincoln................ Linn................... Livingston............. Macon................. Madison............... Maries................. Marion................. 64 Marion.................929 747 828 375 285 3,058 1,321 727 With Ozark. 7 3 3 1 6 ) 5 ) 7 i' 3 4 I I ) 3 7 [1869. 716 1868. Rep. De.. 920 29 1,318 586 768 19E 29,8 28E 360 32 *270 3 775 632 6i80 9 309 8E 148 209 1,920 1,4193 118 105 8t32 395 198 386 371 163 1,001 843~ 957 820 32 41 1,010 1,161 556i9 300 774 856 5.58 148 1,118 322 284 320 575i 652 8-39 734 945 504 383 4343 701.168 584s 232 :1Ot;O 730 586 2.91 ............... 1,538 15261 927 307 81.' 5;11 ~ 270 790 16044 324 11417 475 3940 722 441 145 11053 106 167 1,270 160 32 287 2301 .i.......a.... 1,067 IM; 767 87 1,494 871 744 35f 378 33 698 5 83 41 821 443 40; 1,165 6i7t 1,100 82( 1518.9 30(] 255 14 1.86 3$0 929 794 1856. Fillmore, Buahnan, Am. Dem. 28.3 410 428 889 132 345 56.5 521 148 488 53 64 255 409 159 467 199 413 1,329 958 768 1,036 34 1 43 237 295 1,095 805 210 26.9 664 898 399 659 ............... 596 561 163 391 440 559 756 675 406 397 259 552 787 778 460 434 833 418 132 454 380 572 172 336 77 396 ............... 101 147 531 846 220 40.3 396 757 1,003 1,029 350 335' 318 495 402 369 1i 333 240 409 798 867 894 1,168 294 398 523 387 844 540 391 471 225 321 1,293 654 358- 574 642 q6f 572 846 383 400 430 501 435 9,?4 355 418 67 246 1,321 727 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. MISSOURI. 1852. 1848. 1844. 1840.' #1836.! 1852. Scott, Pierce, Wbig. Dem. 113 201 466 784 106 150 200 160 72 253 * 14............... 104 116 167 828 28 112 1,112 613 712 857 16 26 157 209 670 493 67 109 328 487 2.3 286 19.................... 228 3.37 65 162 348 498 325 289 626 406 283 290 216 462 645 535 240 278 175 276 102 344 296 3 5 1 66 167 74 96 31 35 .................. 8.............. 277 619 89 304 133 233 484 920 215 184 11 116 4 266 245 75 194 189 291 675 762.. .............. 728 858 169 355 172 310 364 56 210 255 71 184 303 532 168 390 398 408 440 5i871 249 282 251 321 355 473 6 117 259 63 *.... 1840. Htarrion, Van Buren, 0hig. Dem. ................. ................. .............. 197. 132 122 98 436 ................ 150. 501 1,112 500 340 1,128 l&,3 154 881 626 455 764 112 182 ................. ................. 246 391 240 206 457 6,9 127 268 348 962 778 694 240 264 170 264 *................. ................. ................. ................. 355 552 136 636 ................. 279 452 ................ 299 421 *............. 53 901 ................. 457 711 298 32i 225 374 ............... 542 602 462 543 93 23.5 249 487 374 500 152 275 827 5 34 18 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 64 894 75i " i',04.....79"7 " 1'',6i7....721.....8.27....5.34....343''886' * New Counties. , 1869.] 717 '1833. Whig. ] Den. .............. .............. .............. .................5 ..........55 .............. ................. 4 75 714 567 .............. .............. .................. 446 616 ................. 149 435 33 142 .............. .............. 84 188 ................ .............. .............. 78 1240 59 86 .................. .................. .................. .............. 343 338 89 1.3 ................. .~461 1848. Taylor, C.ss, Whig. Dem. 110 384 r7 1 185 1 55 146 1 208 '..............w 704 1,0 ............... 128 1 849 e 155 485 266 2 270 4 116 2 417 E 254 2 626 4 290 2 '2775 813 6 263 2 166 3 105 269 3 37 1 ............... ............ 42 339 6 87 3 152 3 401 8 225 1 63 274 2 98 2 148 2 801 8 695 9 161 2 246 3 334 4 196 1 ...........,.... 915 5 170 3 479 4 566 6 230 2 195 3 360 4 231 3 1,046 T 1844. Clay, Whig. 294 384 *...... 175 142 ....... 206 252 ....... 1,190 599 129 940 70 518 242 ....... 257 371 ....... 225 765 310 418 901 237 255 76 316 ....... ....... 889 71 351 346 $...... 280 185 1,013 ....... 614 115 327 367 *...... ....... 820 *!~...... 380 578 269 198 327 183 Polk, Dem. 450 941 ....... 163 478 ....... .307 664 ....... 602 1,162 ....... 212 793 247 914 311 ....... 443 ....... 6O2 ....... 220 552 567 1,122 78,3 367 690 345 446 ....... ....... 796 326 ....... 817 365 283 378 969 852 242 349 511 576 403 683 494 351 457 399 ....... THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MISSOURI.-Continued. r_ 1860. Linooln, Bell, Rep. Breck., Douglas, 80 1,342 23 782 1 723 87 1,354 8 2,174 45 ld 53 18 1,075 ...... 500 22 1,315 147 1,085 2 356 258 733 ...... 305 ...... 342 139 747 9 1,195 37 883 15 2,837 6 2,930 4 1,332 7 450 14 1,W5 1 1,125 ...... 1,701 9 2,120 4 246 384 584 1,515 1 976 19 1,154 48 640 9,945 14,805 ...... 1,964 14 973 197 1,364 6 650 2 192 90 1,471 ...... 813 226 8 1,505 427 6 766 ............... ........739 95 6 28 1,190 3 721 7 883 ........541 17,028 t148,497 165,525 COUNTIES. McDonald.............. Mercer................. 'Miller.................. Mississippi............ Moniteau.............. Monroe................ Montgomery........... Morgan................. New Madrid............ Newton................ Nodaway............... Oregon................. Osage.................. Ozark.................. Pemiscot.............. Perry.................. Pettis.................. Phelps................. Pike................... Platte.................. Polk................... Pulaski................ Putnam................ Rails................... Randolph.............. Ray.................... Reynolds............... Ripley................. 3St. Charles............. St. Clair................ 5 St. Francois............ St. Genevieve.......... St. Louis.............. Saline.................. Schuyler............... Scotland............... Scott................... Shannon............... Shelby................. Stoddard............... Stone.................. Sullivan................ Taney.................. Texas.................. Van Buren............. Vernon................. Warren................ 2Washington............ 3Wayne.................. 4Webster............... Worth................. Wright................. Total................. Majority............. Aggregate............ * This vote is for Governor. The vote by counties for President had not been published up to the 31st of December, the time of our going to press. The vote for President, as announced by the State Canvassers, was, Grant 85,671, Seymour 59,788; majority for Grant, 25,883. t Bell received 58,372, Douglas 58,808, and Breckenridge 81,317; Douglas over Bell, 436. 2 6 I 718 [1869. 1868. G,-t' S.y.IR.p. D... 186 41 1,066 40 562 1 20 3 754 41 564 401 7 759 221 1,082 609 9 156 56 3 147 536 581 1,000 818 493 441 980 1,648 164 209 1,187 318 217 200 217 1,417 740 555 47 143 41 556 331 249 396 233 611 15,667 14,016 587 393 497 250 764 718 240 240 ...66...in 222 117 174 108 896 - 603 204 57 191 109 821 386 747 359 35,7 270 127 *82,107 62,780 1864. Li..I., MoClU R.p. D... 1850. 61 299 417 450 108 224 317 327 387 427 1,01 762 60,3 365 227 403 295 234 236 528 183 438 37 324 219 412 51 14.q III 119 207 586 432 319 31 1,113 1,040 1,263 412 662 68 268 257, 488 534 36.9 606 595 744 874 82 114 41 306 583 772 210 347 401 541 308 356 6,834 5,534 853 59.9 287 472 352 632 345 222 14 40 432 873 151 315 3 137 2601 553 34 388 91 479 2 87 869 487 578 100 287 189 468 48,524 58,164 9,640 106,688 z 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 .72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 .95 96 97 98 99 100 101 .102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 ill 112, 113 114 115 116 26 1,158 555 108 866 158 530 348 99 212 829 ...i4i 38 879 985 .1,143 496 870 105 292 292 484 531 7 223 246 423 14,027 170 546 612 155 366 Ill 100 1,074 29 37 788 343 346 65 72 1750 41,072 597 225 264 9 1 9 116 396 263 930 882 5 28 47 194 327 798 20 1 134 217 8,882 98 191 533 186 ...ii4 6 239 192 121 2 31,678 104,428 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. MISSOURI.-Continued. 1848. Taylor, C ass, Whig. Dem. ............... 144 183 76 373 138 181 161 466 807 561 8379 1 86 167 34 2 02 3 168 161 461 92 16 8 14 154 31 "'2......i....32...........7o 4 3 148 7 ill 92 812 69 113 322 389 230 265 1,102 1,494 231 516 124 241 74 120 397 2 99 607 508 509 626 21 148 14 154 477 5 69 148 263 285 274 142 168 4,827 4,778 536 438 204 192 131 240 147 217 35 54 175 263 97 196 154 2.50 54 325 82 185 ................. 351 336 473 423 91 245 ................. 72181 32,671 40,077 7,406 72,748 1852. Boott, Pierce, Whig. Dem. 63 194 186 186 62 279 117 168 189 353 760 611 386 2 65 133 278 93. 32 107 32 3 61 111 11 95 143 372 32 57 57 34 171 213 245 301 803 758 910 1,060 260 504 39 169 104 121 341 278 476 502 483 618 5 98 16 83 *Y8 598 149 225 250 529 122 165 4,298 5,826 514 443 177 222 216 283 59 97 9 ~207 328 116 177 17 94 127 277 11 168 95 167 .............'.... 63 5 301 301 360 334 ....... 144 ............. .............. 95 167 29,984 38,353 8,369 68,337 1844. Clay,. Pol1k, Whig. Dem. ................. .............. 74 369 ............. 792 578 359 232 262 544 298 208 189 665 *............. *................ 10 434 35 463 228 - 319 .............. 861 8 09 900 1,386 273 636 86 325 *............. 422 332 5.'6 571 599 7 34 31 8266 480 503 177 842 301 234 193 245 3,688 3,329 591 446 *.......... 317 442 258 480 57 271 244 209 115 323 36 297 o......... vvv 257 443 364 341 613 588 86 366 ................. 97 486 31,251 41,369 10,118 72,620 82 co ~ 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 * New Counties. 18C,O.] 719 1840. 1836. V.. B.",. Whig. 3... .............. 280 169 92 51 216 ............. 17 73 64 161 5 49 230 .............. 122 151 195 399 232 221 .............. 2 70 282 237 137 47 97 843 681 135 1148 .............. 63 17 170 ............ .............. .............. 50 37(i 245 341 7,4011 11,366 3,965 18,767 H..i.,., Whig. 2 8 344 167 363 178 156 459 241 196 515 432 586 170 2,515 375 284 69 479 57 22,972 V.- B.'..' 317 618 262 494 194 660 339 262 746 968 860 729 335 405 563 325 4.1)9 222 1,874 322 226 308 514 29,760 6,788 52,732 20 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. MISSISSIPPI.* 1868. Grant, Seymour, Rep. Dem.. COUNTIES. ~ Q 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 213 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 383 .3,4 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 .42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Adams....................... Amite........................ 'Attala........................ Bolivar....................... Calhoun...................... Carroll....................... Claiborne.................... Clark......................... Chickasaw................... Choctaw...................... Coahoma..................... Copiah....................... Covington.................... De Soto...................... Franklin..................... Greene....................... Hancock..................... Harrison..................... Hinds........................ Holmes...................... Issaquena.................... Ittawvamba................... Jackson...................... Jasper........................ Jefferson....................... Jones........................ Kemper...................... Lafayette..................... Lauderdale................... Lawrence.................... Leake........................ Lowildes..................... Madison...................... Marion....................... Marshall...................... Monroe...................... Neshoba...................... Newton...................... Noxubee..................... Oktibbeha.................... Panola........................ Perry........................ Pike.......................... 4Pontotoc..................... Rankin....................... Scott......................... Simpson...................... Smith........................ Sunflower.................... Tallahatchie.................. Tippah....................... Tishomingo.................. Tunica....................... Warren....................... Washington.................. Wayne....................... Wilkinson.................... Winston..................... Yalabusha.................... Yazoo........................ Total....................... Majority.................... Aggregate.................. Aggregate...........................................69,120 59,641 * Mississippi did not vote in 1864 and 1868. 1860. B" k., 1856. 505 380 440 364 501 928 168 106 263 840 846 938 337 387 390 522 62.4 861 19 11127 226 ill 415 731 88 387 709 1,159 216 342 1.82 414 1,122 751 500 114 76 715 1,239 60 326 372 599 308 356 70 236 489 655 5219 975 339 863 129 604 346 615 553 801 575 541 69 285 I,ZO 1,465 612 1,065 167 464 207 427 476 601 268 595 607 561 113 185 279 533 1,121 40.c) 546 66 442 137'341 325 433 120 89 176 276 816 601 983 1,862 44 4 890 447 148 135 .,ii 71 400 301 776 716 848 735 608 24,195 35,446 11,251 59,641 B.U, u.i... D..gl.., D.. 158 3 5 12 54 11 26 76 33 25 41 14 8 401 3 9 6 63 17 18 49 144 142 5 2 ,36 17 2 269 49 10 29 57 20 186 6 8 3 5 1 85 254 303 9 83 76 4 448 383 525 277 788 263 343 642 210 538 106 845 156 45 47 88 1.103 626 1'.33 727 25 361 266 96 499 686 353 146 368 676 524 35 110,98 612 162 217 442 259 700 105 221 845 505 299 136 2,34 138 266 826 1,412 140 816 201 110 324 299 707 'Z39 376 427 1,030 218 791 1,185 421 904 1,071 1,336 157 1,052 391 745 3.35 250 257 460 1,615 784 104 1,684 316 712 333 264 689 1,034 951 840 690 929 627 298 1,149 1,273 732 684 701 746 551 201 831 1,512 676 693 370 517 173 285 1,456 1,748 122 580 180 180 404 Soo 919 688 25,040 40,79 15,75 3,28 1 69, 120 ....... :::... ......... - PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. MISSISSIPPI. ) 1848. Taylor, Caus, Whig. Dem. 643 365 426 309 36 480 653 89 49 6 528 783 ~~~.88....92.....67....74.....71....2..22..9 885 921 464 358 211 282 846 948 642 743 189 130 491 587 135 346 836 723 226 249 184 79 157 116 165 172 1,206 822 643 520 85 58 567 880 32 166 343 308 382 290 95 135 416 450 730 760 474' 667 145 438 328 289 801 7 80 614 497 99 162 1,.306 1,344 921 1,062 241 254 184 197 617 667 388 424 578 344 143 69 277 398 757 999 356 370 152 273 1 236 264 210 287 33 22 206 219 981 1,236 840 1,190 51 25 3 890 478 179 711 97 52 455 291 307 425 843 846 641 497 25,922 26,537 615 52,459 26 d r 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 .,5 36 37 .38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 16,995 9,688 9,979 291 36,513 19,667 I No election. 44,4241 52,459 44,332 36,513 19,687 t Returns rejected. 46 I II I I I i i I l 1 ): b 1869.] 721 18 Clay, Whig. 755 429 276 55 ....... 678 434 115 336 426 143 447 98 671 172 62 57 103 1,199 578 368 17 210 364 72 291 542 256 94 190 644 612 68 1,035 549 156 143 519 241 439 125 232 384 311 112 178 94 7 179 692 480 36 922 209 102 441 201 719 578 19,206 17,548 26,876 9,3'28 44,424 25,126 19,518 5,920 2,523 44,382 * Unofficial. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. LOUISIANA.* 1868.t Grant, Seymour, Rep. Dem. 6 -V 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 i8 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 * 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 COUNTIES. Ascension.................... Assumpti on.................. Avoyel les.................... Bienville..................... Bossier....................... Caddo........................ Calcasieu..................... Caldwell...................... Carroll........................ Catahoula.................... Claiborne..................... Concordia.................... De Soto...................... East Baton Rouge............ East Feliciana................ Franklin..................... Iberville...................... Jackson...................... Jefferson..................... La Fayette................... La Fourche................... Livingston................... Madison...................... Morehouse................... Natchitoches................. Orleans...................... Orleans, R. B................. Ouachita..................... Plaquemines................. Point Coupee................. Rapides...................... Sabine....................... St. Bernard................... St. Charles................... St. Helena.................... St. James.................... St. John Baptist.............. St. Landry.................... St. Mary's.................... St. Martin's.................. St. Tammany................ Tensas....................... Terre Bonne.................. Union........................ Vermillion................... Washington................. West Baton Rouge........... West Feliciana............... Winn......................... 49 Winn........................43 711 257 354 241 157 314 Total....................33,263 30,225 20,204 22,681 7,625 20,709 22,164 Maoiy............4,6 2,7,5 * Louisiana did not vote in 1864. t The above table shows the returns for 1868, as filed at the Secretary of State's office. The parishes of Avoyelles, West Feliciana, Franklin, Jackson, Jefferson, Orleans, St. Bernard, Sabine, St. John Baptist, St. Martin's, Terrebonne and Washington, were afterward thrown out for a technical informality, making the legal official vote 27,911 for Grant, and 41.358 for Seymour g.iving the latter a majority of 13,447, and making the full vote 69,269. This gave the Repubhicans the Second Congressional District (the only one carried by the Democrats at the last election.) The Democrats gain the other districts. Mr. Menard, the first colored Representative to Congress, was elected in the Second District, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Col. Mann. 4 6 9 4 I B B c c c c c c c E I i i 8 [1869. 722 1860. 144 311 1,50 682 489 648 396 325 630 676 896 175 634 490 377 342 535 527 198 .468 214 425 172 381 2,645 312 267 626 1,036 420 18 7 331 96 46 57 1 44 72 2 21 2 38 8 14 27 35 1856. Fill.-, B.,,h..-, A.. D... 276 479 195 837 323 296 706 202'475 493 458 125 296 102 308 288 441 411 448 678 852 155 135 296 510 540 593 346 464 183'264 265 517 387 538 937 122 128 453 300 753 231 391 239 210 351 332 420 5% 5,858 2,475 i94 151 260 390 205 248 266 521 584 763 189 349 123 122 67 104 309 272 380 172 '196 217 807 1,103 449 374 ra4l 423 304 227 157 205 397 382 545 623 116 234 142 304 200 147 196 2.90 157 314 20,709 22,164 1455 42,873 B-11, U.i-. D-gl.., D.., 356 478 7 134 55 37 ......i 5 5 16 1,491 1,387 . 520 1 1 1 9 28 1,392 150 2 1,554 .. i. 1 7 644 .. i,6 2 ....... 1,617 149 1,453 1 1,915 t 1,178 832 1,329 1 553 2:176 2 1 1,3 1 112' Ii'i'4 1,01 1,54 ...... 5 1,1 1,125 11375 11345 11385 11634 .2,895 782 503 786 809 2,952 2of 1,260 11350 11411 1,213 704 1,398 2,222 i, 1,796 670 163 1,525 11375 24,668 1,101 273 896 1,623 934 47 26 1,09 77 4, 1,81 1,45 70 38 11019 1141 95 65 4 71 279 233 290 293 253 545 24 136 398 439 720 152 364 .56.9 277 240 229 337 984 71 324 249 255 347 534 6,215 340 54 193 620 227 56 6 29 2.9 17 8 39 56 1 55 14 11 21 1 25 136 131 40 101 109 406 1 509 117 92 47 106 2,998 148 127 71 9 3 1 1 10 2 8 13 2 3 7,625 50,51 33, 80 46, 113, -20,204 22,681 2,477 Total....................... Majority.................... Aggregate.................. P.RFSIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. LourISIAWA. 1848. Taylor, Cass, Whig. Dem. 288 236 469 286 299 359 114 189 17....... 281 300 41 181 90 149 2268 235 320 386 221 323 188 96 149 217 400 406 349 394 124 162 429 295 127 193 717 660 108 220 739 161 144 243 283 192 178 101 384 495 5,551 4,579 27 67 161 ~......................... 168 176 187 350 33 288 370 383 543 246 271 124 89 135 35 169 188 431 117 228 128 754 376 470 166 456 240 275 183 ' 177 111 353 129 307 237 430 52 158 190 255 109 232 261 *................ 18,217 15,370 2,847 33,587 17,255 18,647 18,217 15,370 18,088 13,782 11,296 7,616 3,383 3,653 3,90 18,9127 * New Parishes. : With St. Landry. I ) 1869.] 723 1844. Olay, Pock, Whig. Dem. 239 24 285 9 189 369 59 103 210 155 42 123 69 194 190 221 243 304 196 375 188 95 52 150 325 399 329 419 134 158 253 235 *............. 193'99 471 137 100 229 206 198 107 31 452 650 3,026 2,612 106 206 37 1,007 174 175 419 586 255 383 185 84 96 42 154 222 351 181 142 113 789 406 352 142 479 303 169 199 157 108 265 164 206 213 176 104 127 230 209 104 243 308 .............. 13,083 13,782 699 26,865 1852. Scott, Pierce, Whig. Dem. 296 360 511 553 300 387 172 313 180 248 344 342 34 221 54 158 219 261 280 310 330 506 121 86 241 288 484 485 342 443 110 192 318 426 174 341 928 943 117 277 676.'35 159 337 171 147 196 137 289 407 4,663 4,682 67 161 190 240 151 372 242 364 401 623 237 251 130 120i 101 39! 209 246 321 158 202 160 692 568 390 243 479 298 254 208 120 107 197 37 435 465 136 126 125 258 220 118 190 302 57 138 17,255 18,647 1,392 35,902 8 5 3 D . 1840. Harrson, Van Buren, Whig. Dem. 218 218 289 340 250 225 t............. 9B 1]L4 259 231 113 .............. 324 308 360 430 *............. 204 182 252 86 ....... p....... 538 44 127 207 147 lLl $............. 667 610 2,681 1,748 .............. 243 130 40 250 147 139 475 382 *......,..,...... 173 91 69 33 172 238 379 37 183 45 836 434 308 87 463 103 204 8O 33L3 20 'Z4 76 T................ 150 134 133 84 253 28B .............. 11,296 7,616 3, 26 W 66, 18,912, 336. Van Buren Dem. D 159 84 [ 41 63 85 87 49 ) 296 91 26 158 53 100 ....... 98 665 129 44 51 j120 ....... 25 33 264 22 4 165 63 36 194 50 183 )28 153 3,653 270 7,036 d q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 t With Natchitoches. i No return. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MICHIGAN. 1868. 1864. 1860.1 1856. COUNTIES. Grant, Seymour, Linmin, MeClel'n, Linm on, F,remot, Buchan'n {0 ~Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem.. 1 [Allegan................ 3,556 2,351 1,861 1,543 1,896 1,544 1,526 1,027 21Alpena................. 321 217 116 71 82 28............ 38 Antrim 245 43 71 18 4 Barry..................'2,923 1,557 1,652 1,022"', f,o3'8 1,49 872.. 5:Bay...................1,176 1,081 462 58 811 824............ 6'Berrien................3,993 5,5 2,55 2,307 2,620 2,337 1,92 1,540 7 Branch................ 3,964 2,024 3,035] 1,465 3,074 1,558 2,608 1,322 8 Calhoun............... 5,048 3,200 3,742' 2,525 4,072 2,449 3,495 2,151 9 Cass................... 2,471 1,926 1,765 1,435 2,068 1,624. 1,703 1,165 O;Cheboygan.............59 150 23 64 20 74............ 11 Ciippewa......................... 46'124 64 89 ti. 12 Clinton................2,586 1,942 1,524 1,411 1,569 1,273 1,358 1,054 i3'Delta.................. 1561 24 1 14 Eaton................. 3,088 2,036 1,848 1,3(9 2,135 1,328 1',88'8 1,22'2...8 15!Emmet.................135 198 75 1 41 30 168 1~~~~~~~,,0 35 19 8 51 3018 j,i Genesee............... 4,241 2,680 2,743 2,003 2,832 1,920'l,6.' ]538 1?ZGrand Traverse........ 992 167 375 83 407 198 157 243 18 Gratiot................ 1,240 749 571 366 496 314 388 136 19Hillsdale............... 4,891 2,113 3,805 1,725 3,749 1,719 3,446 1,408 1)'Houg,hton.............. 708 1,160 380 978 201 398 I! Huron.................. 698 477 360 337 299 2009 12iInL'ham................ 3,004 2,511 1,792 1,796 2,181 1,838 184 1,534' 24 Ionia................... 3,503 2,140 2,205 1,3838 2,231 1,294 2,002 1,154 hl Iosco.................. 281 177 57 43 20 41............ ~'15labella.................529 360 215 83 123 131 26 Jackson................ 4,034 3,630 3,002 2,909 3,396 2,596 2,996 2,118 271Kalamazoo............. 4,073 2,951 3,151 2,101 3,230 2,031 2,803 1,620 18 Kent................... 5,412 3,839 3,398 2,966 3,647 2,540 2,931 2,516 "9 Keweenaw..............377 411 295 391 30)Lapeer.................2,386 1,641 1,464 1,247 1,762 1,222 1,579 995 31 i Leelanaw.............. 437 219 235 146 32 Lenawee............... 6,205 4,623 4,780 3,632 5, i08,5106 4,499 2,7'79 33 Livingston............. 2,238 2,409 1,604 1,983 2,075 2,003 1,765 1,711, 34 Mackinac.............. 43 119 30 185 41 39............ 'IiMacomb............... 2,791 2,668 2,041 2,177 2,534 2,166 2,2 10 1,845 36'Manistee...............656 282 145 70 126 58............ '17.Manitou............... 51 117 11 135 56 67 28;Marquette............. 805 718........................ 39;Mason................. 401 241 143 88 89 49 32 12 40'Mecosta................ 775 352 143 97, 109 5............ 41 Menominee............ 126 66 58 23............ 42 Midland................ 406 217 208 101 157 1 69. 43....43 43 Monroe................ 2,529 2,914 1,659 2,3311 2,282 2,165 1,777 1,703 44 Mon tcalm.............. 1,520 833 595 443 565 361 414 265 45 Muskegon............. 1,43.3 780 654 366 502 241........... 46 Newaygo.............. 917 397 406 242 364 207...... 47 Oakland............... 4,738 4,442 3,709 3,816 4,411 3,768 4,105 8,276 48 Oceana................. 1,080 405 356 177 192 158 82 21 4') Ontonagon............. 227 301 252 454 331 300........... 50 Ottawa................ 2,441 1,551 1,345 1,536 1,414 1,217 1,392 998 511Saginaw............... 3,360 2,761 1,731 1,900 1,479 1,206 1,042 1,222 52 Sanilac................ 1,308 559 753 318 899 396 803 201 53 Schoolcraft......................... 54 Shiawassee............ 2,406 1,783 1,412 1,23.1,606.1,221 1,304 1,105 55 St. Clair............... 3,060 2,706 1,808 2,063 2,589 1,955 1,807 1,521 56 St. Joseph............. 3,562 2,490 2,681 1,796 2,832 1,980 2,324 1,475 57 Tuscola................ 1,623 630 798 401 747 350 442 242 58 Van Buren............. 3,652 2,256 1,985 1,400 2,175 1,274 1,710 1,031 59 Washtenaw............ 4,463 4,496 3,632 3,836 4,286 3,630 3,570 2,833 60 Wayne................. 9,207 10,274 5,946 7,670 7,325 6,701 5,250 5,777 Soldiers' Vote...................... 9,402 2,959. Total................12,550 97,069 91,521 74,604 88,480- 65,057 71,762 52,136 Majority............. 31,481 16,917 23,423 17,966 Aggregate............ 1225,619 166,125 153,537 Bell received 405, and Breckenridge 805 votes. * New Counties. t No return. [1869. 724 Fin-or, A.. 29 14 122 41 14 15 22 46 50 31 167 18 34 17 36 21 12 4 34 109 '205I 1,660 125,558 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. M[ICHIGATN. 1840. 1836. Harrisooo. ure, Harrison, Bo H B.urn, Whig. D.. e Whig. D... 2547 5 4...... 92 4 478 652 107~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... 24.88....9.... 24'iS*~2...o'...... 6 1,01 "125............... 7~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~4 1503 io324 442206,84 04064889295366 543 616...... 23 1,143 1,169.....m. 360 670 527............ 22 40............ 221 144............5" " 9 1 95.............. 5''i "3.......4 "'2 266 219 2...'... i. i............. 2664219............ 954 744...... m. 213 319 320............ 30 618.... "' "..... 32~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... 2,1 2s......6 i'5''1' 79 "1''2,72'2 2i8",5......5 1,865~' 2'6 1 "'55"8 700'842 73 142 85 79'............ 982 1,124 43 400 35 1,058 1,634 509 855 1,340 204 9639 1,39 10298 1,1247 43 2' ........................o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,37., 286 5 1 81................... 89 100...... P.311............ ..................... 8042*6...... 8a.... 4".... 472 252............ 50~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 35....'....j2 "5 5. 42..... 17. 81'88. 52 126 952 817 55 352 1,110 53 665 814 82 5692246 6127 27 517,446 56 1,164 1,259 252 963 1,011 418 935 978 84 800 761.........ma.4 58 613 771 87 353 50~~~~~~~~~~~~ 9'ioo'2'....'.. 51 313,85 4,045 7,332 246 2 724 1,802 3,287 44,064 11,377 N With Ingham. 2 3.... 31.... 53~ *... ilr.. 12)7 1} 1., 24..... 281,221 29~..... 36181 318*..... 32! 2,419 34 38.. 1374 39 *..... 40.... 842 9... 345 46 40.. 47 2.376 40 363. 41 367. 452 106 453 57 2,37 59 *...4 60 3640 53,859 1852. 582] 66 652 107 '.......i 481 1,380O 202 1,824,44 46 40 10~4.0 984 6 786 225 &A4 302 ....&i...... 1,2.57' 411 1,5191. 166 819 142 1,419}._..33 '2921 1,6341 1'9 252........ 1652 169 12,04 603 941,4 7328 746.... 82,6 0460 T*ylor Whig. 274 665 1,254 783 213 86 379 1,010 652 369 764 51 855 118 665 963 2,029 2,544 9.3,940 P41k, Bire,-. Dem. Abolitio.. 299 11 249 16 828 3 [ 888 89 1,528 226 715 59 40...... 283 19 376 61 1,084 212 398 59 )1,389 475 i828 276 564 33 )502 88 I1,030 108 100..... 1,359 140 ~........... )1,283 4 i2,833 377 .......... 174 ) 26.9 96 617 27 978 84 350 4 2,54.9 386 i2,737 192 ~'27,759 3,632 .3,422 _55,728 2 } ) ). I I,-.")] 725 1848. 304 381 1,147 1,084 1,487 902 43 340 546 1,290 608 1,547 88O ~768 1,128 127 1,340 2,781 269 183 426 814 1,011 2,081 3,308 30,687 6,747 V Buren De.. 17Z4 108 400 745 191 131L 477 480 04i 478 041 65,0 Clay, Whig. 323 713 644 1,3857 760 54 6 255 958 418 1,302 932 476 399 9687 m.42 107 3300 569 935 273 2,,37 2,345 24,337 * New Counties. ~ )return. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ALABAMA.* 1868. 1860. Grant, | Seymour, Bell, Breck., Dougles, Rep. Dem. Union. Dem. Dem. 1,50.5 851 256 611 392 2B33 676..................... 3,168 2,210.644 1,715 6 492 732. 582 613 155 .............. 558...3.... i29.................... 55 63.... 1'29 81 275 461 65 698 488 2,10 3 1,634..................... 724 1,823 - 1,079 918 111 600 1,274 364 2,347 54 ....... 574 416 404 12 1,105 1,443 918 1,017 157 167 913 527 1,706 2'23 582 1,155 255 952 77 256 619.................... 403 390.................... 635 957 706 930 844....690 925 1,113 472 542 158 843 896 338 358 205 75 843 394 878 2 39 1,241..................... 90 1,214..................... 346 1,205.277 1,280 5 7,137 1,779 620 833 339 492 360 204 849 202 1,262 1,107..................... 90 619 "15 " 902 460 202 434 359 1,299 37 2,927 869 765 696 157 3,297 866.................... 410 1,305 317 1,109....... 31 Henry............................ 539 i,581 130 1,760 565 420 538 245 831 77 692 1,312 525 370 576 378 1,436 444 706 790 1,650 1,727..................... 355 1,177 368 522 325 3,339 1,171 592 1,007 57 2,793 1,879 512 838 63 519 673 144 549 545 1,535 2,156 400 591 1,300 58 1,196 446 550 222 t............ 197 986 62 422 615 165 441 763 6,770 2,319 1,034 1,555 133 5,200 6,658 1,629 1,541 1,823 2,327 1,075 1,210 1,184 46 3,733 1,336 791 892 99 256 1,813 1,227 1,581 84 531 1,497 619 1,211 16 1,745 1,230 854 993 53 67'8 625 567 1,734 3 4 6 164 544..................... "99 839 570 853 186 632 429 174 963 24 2,516 1,469 473 682 136 1,167 1,383 1,023 1,219 2 1,771 1,212 1,091 1,307 74 340 2,083 1,270 1,451 298 282 289 103 446 30e 104 17 155 176 294 3,396 1,484 355 833 118 .284 39 40 203 147 76,366 72,086 27,875 48,8,31 13,651 4,280 20,956 148,452 90,357 d COUNTIES. 0 z 1 Auitauga...................... 2 Baine........................ 3 Barbour...................... 4 Bibb......................... 5 Benton....................... 6 Baldwin..................... 7 Blount....................... 8 Bullock...................... 9 Butler........................ 10 Calhoun...................... -11 C ovington.................... 12 Chambers.................... 13 Cherokee..................... 114 Clarke........................ 15 Clay.......................... 16 Cleburne..................... 17 Coosa....................... 18 Choctaw..................... 19 Conecuh...................... 20 Coffee........................ 21 Colbert....................... 22 Crenshaw.................... 23 Dale.......................... 24 Dallas....................... 25 De Kalb...................... 26 Elmore....................... 27 Franklin..................... 28 Fayette....................... 29 Greene........................ 30 Hale.......................... 31 Henry........................ 32 Hancock..................... 33 Jackson...................... 34 Jefferson..................... 35 Lawrence.................... 36 Lauderdale................... 37 Lee.......................... 38 Limestone.................... 39 Lowndes..................... 40 Marengo..................... 41 Morgan...................... 42 Madison...................... 43 Monroe....................... 44 Marion........................ 45 Marshall...................... 46 Montgomery................. 47 Mobile....................... 48 Macon........................ 49 Perry......................... 50 Pike.......................... 51 Pickens...................... 52 Russell....................... 53 Randolph..................... 54 Sanford....................... 55 Shelby....................... 56 St. Clair...................... 57 Sumter....................... 58 Tuscaloosa................... 59 Talladega.................... 60 Tallapoosa................... 61 Walker....................... 62 Washington.................. 63 Wilcox....................... 64 Winston...................... Total....................... Majority.................... Aggregate.................. Alabama did not vote in 1864. [1809. 726 1856. Fillmoro, Buchanan, Am. Demn. 475 621 ................. 857 1,445 479 539 .......i.......... 37 770 792 777 443 1,687 288 304 967 1,141 455 1,537 222 754 802 1,16i7 404 643 408 425 301 703 ................. 419 945 676 831 130 900 ................. "/11 1,056 440 799 784 694 .............. 471 966 .......... ".;..... 196 697 631 699 555 1,141 921 790 703 699 567 789 222 808 401 1,476 469 604 198 700 89 883 1,158 1,100 1'771 1,838 1,239 1,039 824 808 1,178 1,262 669 1,037 855 991 683 1,460 468 787 83 818 532 703 973 680 896 1,1,34 1,276 1,478 146 449 152 194 446 813 14 221 28,552 46,739 f18,187 7.5,291 t No election. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. ALABAMA. 1848. 1844. o Sco. Taylo., C, Clay, Polk, Whig. Dre. Whig. De... 553 471 475 633 3 29 9 1,205. 604 1,113 866 474 416 450 596 566 1,272 373 1,382 100 133 149 120 7 55 422 134 526 84 774 ............................ 72277 666 405~ ................................. 48 92 148 139, 1,323 689 1,158 936 630 921 356 955 120 327 232 631 626 883 400 ~796 17 "....... "'8....''7'............. 426 281 44. 2773 1 192 174 142 314 22........................672. 23 6'...5.2069'../6i 6 860 618 864 7221 0 257 650 207 700 27 62 93 10 72........................ 510 795 498 1,079 272 841 153 796 1,088 712 1,090 819 31......64............................. 50 46 367 546 136 1589..... 87 1'',751 288 385 264 585 663 656 469 7 683 695 772 474 919 38 227 662..........................." 37 83 325 965 6761 434 710 678 0739 553 726 634 361 335 271 682 465 1,385 357 1,720 479 216 567 359 193 514 120 638 246 708 162 875 1,176 669 1,016 8 36 1,319 1,073 1,403 1,347 1.464 532 1,087 626 826 631 169 849 935 663 862 768 1,044 931 892. 967 970 577 736 624 461 770 288 747 55...................... 57 368 511 472 150 456 46 644 820 771 927 1,061 976 694 902 961 869 820 633 851 972 920 728 705 631 383 170 442 72 85 273 279 639 479 525 629 30,482 31,363 26,084 37,740 881 11,656 61,845 63,824 *New Couinties. 6 u 0 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2O 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 '29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 6~2 63 64 1852. Scott, Pi...e Whfig. Dem. 196 322 18 227 3349 * 2 38 9 4 6 "/4 918 62 72 55 422 .............. 52 117 668 616 242 "/35 98 479 .............. .............. 294 709 227 834 216 287 113 239 386 440 136 501 462 993 81 516 694 655 94 8 9 65 83 1,154 114 339 512 588 441 803 .............. 22-7 662 126 186 450 526 208 482 354 1,300 264 260 118 467 ill 568 "/17 557 1,123 1,380 772 658 2.61 512 379 "/03 568 7/52 434 522 .............. 317 315 44 455 48.2 497 527 47t5 372 672 351 845 54 217 52 65 2.86 398 15,03' 26,881 11,'8431 41,9191 l 4 7 7 l 5. 1S69.] 727 180 3.i-. Whg3D. 59)7 86 5 3,3 7 3) 5 23)9 )...... 20 7...... 51 5747 37...903.. 203 4 81 314821,4 645 9870 842 "595 3930 5968 196 535 731 208 973 825 1,062 8 .............. 669 78' 412 43~ 244 361 28,471 3399 62q5 18363. V.. B.-,.. Whit., Dem.. Whig. 565 609 297 97 637 287 74 43 480 55 .............. 143'341 27 62 .............. ISO 242 386 143 1055 ............. .............. ............. 47 916 878 42 593 39 580 96 672 1,116 ............. 1,626 89 538 2g0 600 564 9171 415 71539 316 870 422 59.3 568 476 1,678 426 307 447 300 142 539!01 "/23 943 ki66 "/39 34 150 290 8217 304 313 432 469 40 154 56 63 198 345 464 96 631 789 841 7i31 413 3, a 63 98 110 76 166 90 p.42 607 20,.506 15,612 4,894 36,118 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ARKANSAS.* 1808. 1880. 1858.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ COUNTIES. Grant, Seymour, Bell, Breck., Dougls, Fillmore, Iep. Dem. Union. Dem. Dem. Am. Arkansas..................... Ashley....................... Benton...................... Bradley....................... Calhoun..................... Carroll....................... Chicot........................ Clark......................... Columbia..................... Conway...................... Crawford..................... Crittenden.................... Craighead.................... Cross......................... Dallas........................ Desha......................... Drew........................ Franklin...................... Fulton........................ Greene....................... 1 Hempstead................... Hot Spring................... Independence................ Izard......................... Jackson...................... Jefferson..................... Johnson...................... Lafayette..................... Lawrence..................... Little River.................. Madison...................... Marion....................... Mississippi................... Monroe....................... Montgomery................. Newton...................... Ouachita..................... Perry......................... Phillips....................... Pike.......................... Poinsett...................... Polk.......................... Pope......................... Prairie....................... Pulaski....................... Randolph..................... Saline........................ Scott......................... Searcy........................ Sebastian..................... Sevier........................ St. Francis................... Sharp........................ Union........................ Van Buren................... Washington.................. White........................ Woodruff..................... Yell......................... Total....................... Majority.................... Aggregate.................. Aggreate.................1,La 54,03 3,69 Vote not allowed. $ Vote not allowed. c 728 [18W. 1868. 1860. 185(3. Is r.) C, 16 z B.h-.4 D... 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 so 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 663 174 33 304 920 597 434 486 229 158 244 404 3,'i 347 1,156 566 136 158 2,258 294 22 415 105 242 223 561 129 2,676 306 46 77 452 275 326 384 660 385 124 60 641 477 22,152 3,074 555 5w 148 623 ... 391 310 ... i.. 3 581 337 1,2.92 343 ....... 6 7 487 777 517 136 ....... 70 54 5 48 78 756 110 710 135 143 2,51 467 756 1,026 417 422 328 440 204 368 253 500 716 326 374 257 198 ... iii. 312 560 283 38 60 675 237 893 271 7)2 1 600 210 2qO 474 ... ii4. 232 176 2,86 60 67 779 82 606 51 102 11 396 651 899 426 604 702 633 398 791 231 804 839 549 244 88 819 287 772 666 252 m 762 451 722 524 762 664 780 486 906 527 83 301 360 315 929 149 619 294 253 254 663 673 819 55 13 253 36 28 26 28 32 138 52 357 173 20 ... i. 115 84 44 56 48 208 45 281 128 53 442 14 1 1 92 ....... 72 64 90 50 4 19 82 50 62 77 53 28 12 113 172 224 75 343 56 184 157 192 5m 147 161 218 225 192 116 51 131 612 94 436 381 113 120 282 126 121 1 9 45 32 501 44 464 47 73 6 22.9 566 67 213 98 61 392 2.36 6 78 367 201 10,787 226 398 291 655 165 528 676 408 371 3.34 377 449 210 610 478 860 495 591 515 453 176 717 393 188 233 353 132 701 125 526 296 248 568 ,393 73.9 416 404 215 303 302 523 498 26 305 917 403 21,910 11,123 32,6.97 ... 46. 158 83 431 .... . i. 64. 1 331 95 270 ... i. 19,078 41,230 159 197 544 361 414 ... 44. 248 881 1 582 9 20,094 ... i4. 363 276 575 754 416 ....... 757 504 1,028 602 ... 6. 28,732 8,638 .... 73 117 319 106 281 ....... 78 51 244 - 140 ...6i. . 5,227 54,053 * Arkansas did not vote t New Coanty. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. ARKANSAS. 1840. Elarrison, I Van Buren, Whig. Dem. 120 78 7/2 245 8........245. B8 2253 191 43 119 87 177 201 ,335 347 95 71 ................... 173 7/8 ............. 18 105 210 251 55 103 370 198 79 174 107 143 173 109 160 324 43 25 138 214 135 253 21 112 90 73 124 44 ................ 238 247 23 87 4 130 .......... 183 263 6............ 606 49)6 45 252 142 135 32 112 ...... maj. 50 "/6 1937 82 246; lP. 173 28 151 422 620 82 46 ................. ................. 5,160 61763 1,926 il,926 1844. Clay, Polk, Whig. Dem.. 80 93 ................... 96 351 144 154 ................. ................. 210 158 174 217 10 110 25~~~~~~~~~~~.....4...1....16 28 17 2d....4....3 167 288 385 565 109 129 16 185 199 208 149 127~ ~~......5.....17..... 18 106 234..................46....... 20 94 211 13 46 37...... 20....1 0 127 55 146 261 37 206 314 359 120 237 278 335 .....i...... 124 184 130 147 141 431 31 70 112 267 31 76 274..~~~~~~~~~~...8....21.....6....34....13 5 63 3663 ............. 38 44 88 118 110~~~~~~~.................90.. 92 73 16 140 220 1,4 3 3 65 280 276 29 171 t............. 438 528 59 341 130 219 35 166 43.......... 49 75 197~~~~~~~~~~~~...........................aj5 114' 301 .....1"............. 52 172 307 208 260 99 269 82 28 8 10 214 409 46 121 378 7'29 55 *~~~~~~~~~~~~~...............95......1 28 15 4 1 80 249S 5,587 9,5 46 3,959 15,1.39 1852. 8cott, Piereo, Whig. Dem. 120 140 88 146 91 334 188 180 52 151 12 4 3363 85 118 136 205 4 8 10 4259 153 236 95 97 ................. ................. 150 194 185 199 118 135 106 2'24 13 77 94 211 298 362 125 269 452 612 69 226 292 3.35 224 306 193 384 148 170 299 417 ................. 76 274 40 137 44 88 57 92 28 111 8 7/9 452 496 15 33 383 378 40 168 48 132 17 94 183 3-25 78 170 285 419 32 95 137 277 23 83 75 197 I80 283 50 125 172 307 384 531 ............. 326 495 97 139 ................. 166 325 7,404 12,173 4,769 19,577 V 2 6 3 4 53 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 * No returns. t New Counties.: Informnal. ~ Vote rejected for informality; the vote was 60 majority for Van Buren. I 729 1869.] 1848. Taylor, Cams, Whig. Dem. 80 74 t.......... 90 290 227 124 t............. 139 261 146 110 193 223 ................. 149 171 345 457 104 68 ................. 203 265 208 149 198 249 52 93 13 46 375 330 141 178 422 408 *................ 194 195 177 194 350 85 98 239 291 87 214 49 49 118 110 113 98 ~......... 2 5 571 428 '29 30 67 133 44 116 17 59 240 292 41 111 438 455 50 129 147 244 61 180 .............. 103 195 208 260 ................. 553 635 95 136 377 480 48 60 137 186 7,588 9,.300 1,712 16,888 1836. White, Van Buren Whig. Dem. 82.38 .............. s............. ................. 51 43 48 23 119 109 2q7 38 .................. .................. .................. ................. ................. 113 134 15 87 48 56 48 50 40 107 .............. 31 82 ................. ................. 35 19 ....*....... ................. 65 96 46 9t3 191 234 17 1.38 52 81 34 67 18 108 4 19 13'3 622 29 17 1,288 2,400 1,162 3,68 ll With Hot Spring. I Not formed. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. TEXAS.* ~ COUNTIES. O ~ I Anderson................... 2 Anugelina.................... 3 Atascosa.................... 4 Austin...................... 5 Banderah.................... 6 Bastrop..................... 7 Bee........................ 8 Bell......................... 9 Bexar....................... 10 Blanco...................... 11 Bosque...................... 12 Bowie....................... 13 Brazoria.................... 14 Brazos...................... 15 Brown...................... 16 Burleson.................... 17 Burnett..................... 18 Caldwell.................... 19 Calhoun..................... 20 Comanche................... 21 Cameron.................... 22 Cass........................ 23 Chambers................... 24 Cherokee................... 25 Collin....................... 26 Colorado.................... 27 Comal....................... 28 Cook........................ 29 Corycell...................... 30 Dallas....................... 31 Denton...................... 32 DeWitt..................... 33 Ellis........................ 34 El Paso..................... 35 Erath....................... 36 Falls..................... 37 Fannin................... 38 Fayette..................... 39 Fort Bend................... 40 Freestone................... 41 Galveston................... 42 Gillespie.................... 43 Goliad...................... 44 Gonzales.................... 45 Grayson..................... 46 Grimes...................... 47 Guadalupe.................. 48 Hamilton................... 49 Hardin...................... 50 Harris...................... 51 Harrison.................... 52 Hays........................ 53 Henderson.................. 54 Hidalgo..................... 55 Hill......................... 56 Hopkins.................... 57 Houston.................... 58 Hunt........................ 59 Jackson..................... 60 Jack........................ 61 Jasper...................... 62 Jefferson.................... 63 Johnson.................... 64 Karnes...................... 1856. Fill more, Be. chan'n Am. Dem. 325 612 58 87 120 358 12 9 230 403 t........... 151 312 318 747 t........... 20 64 88 171 74 225 74 B6 t......... 168 261 76 141 196 395 .......m. 35 11 40 123 492 352 581 t............ 514 845 302 564 133 253 26 284 .......658 69 118 245 603 132 308 108 253 176 239 ...... m.1022 q4 158 238 557 399 560 136 196 144 341 314 431 25 115 135 93 363 510 182 415 260 323 258 359 ............... 449 645 505 565 128 1301 77 292! ....... 169 131 175 238 5301 170 400 138 392! 88 93 t........... 99 185 49 109 79 186 119' 103 1 852. Scott, Pierce, Whig. Dem. 150 412 28 56 7 22 94 243 26 1 57 299 804 ...... o........ 43 148 9 34 19 103 ....... 21 84 235 94 125 242 329 30 75 248 696 58 135 30 92 6 112 5 14 122 283 .... 37 43 90 ............... ............... ............... 68 208 165 341 31 86 8 138 141 324 2 74 120 9,09 58 198 53 142 68 154 ............... .....i...... 195 468 283 402 21 55 23 74 48j 119 ............. 291 116 46 125 19 121 38 90 ............ ............... * Texas did not vote in 1864 and 1868. f New Counties. $ Owing to the rebellion, a complete vote by counties was never given. i i i i I 730 [1869. 1860.: Fulsionl, Breck., Bell, etc. Dem. 113 911 ............ ............... 157 395 ............... 184 433 2 33 192 486 293 986 ...... 23 49 226 ............ ............ ............ ............ ...... m. 324 86 315 11 104 ............... ............... ............... 198 1,033 420 696 307 513 ............... 27 127 160 591 115 483 83 491 ............ ............... ............... 87 153 ...... m. 475 442 745 24 293 69 528 205 885 ............ ............ ............ .......m. 600 345 t;34 111 122 196 630 ............ 88 268 131 581 1848. Taylor, Cass, Whig. Dem. 83 229 29 52 45 175 ............ 89 83 ............ 83 172 89 332 9 6 ................ 71 76 ............ ............... 110 30 43 99 20 68 1 4 105 57 9 7 46 16 81 ............ 107 245 92 175 39 13,5 t........... t97 302 58 92 47 134 53 186 31 72 ............ 364 381 12 438 42 68 t........... 70 227 .4 161 11 66 13 64 ............ ............ ............... PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. TExAS.-Continued. COUNTIES. ; Kaufmnan.................... Kerr........................ 6 Lamar....................... Lampasas................... 6 Lavaca...................... iLeon........................ I Liberty..................... Limestone.................. Live Oak.................... , Llano....................... i Marion...................... iMcLennan.................. 7 Madison.................... Matagorda................... Medina...................... Milan....................... Montague................... Montgomery................ Nacogdoches................ Newton..................... Navarro..................... Nueces...................... Orange...................... Palo Pinto.................. Panola...................... Parker...................... Polk......................... 9 Red River.................. 9 Refugio..................... L Robertson.................. Rusk........................ Sabine...................... San Augustine.............. San Patricio................. San Saba.................... Shelby...................... Smith....................... Starr........................ Tarrant..................... Titus........................ Travis...................... Tlinity...................... Ty]er........................ i Upshur...................... Uvalde...................... Van Zandt.................. Victoria..................... Walker...................... Washington................. i Webb....................... Wharton.................... Wilson...................... Williamson................. Wise........................ ,Wood....................... Young....................... Zapata..................... Total.................... Majority................. Aggregate................. e; O 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 121 1856. Fillmore, Buchan'n Am. Dem. 63 191 *............. 235 555 61 77 116 160 235 337 103 180 119 101 *............ 201 293 125 113 43 11I 39 136 196 211 ............... 1653 179 182 557 88 138 210 300 ...... m. 128 60 73 $........... 135 458 *............. 71 285 235 288 37 83 96 222 659 1,157 80 118 72 182 ...... maj.49 21 48 77 309 370 810 17 374 92 490 257 502 467 551 100 161 -...... —..... 255 683 22 18 48 223 117 141 343 387 481 654 ...... m. 382 ' 40 76 240 307 11 67 124 335 11 39, ............ 15,639 31,169!, 15,530; 4(6.808 Aggregate...................62,657. 48.808 18,547 15,17 *New Counties. Ii i I i I i i 1869.] 731 1860. F..i.., B,, k., 169 663 ii6 "'6'9'6 ............ ....a...666 11 136 ............ ... a66 26 232 ...... maj. 65 13 ............ 78 72 ............ ............ ............ 62 562 262 458 ....i6...i6i 193 1,019 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 6 8 160 474 171 908 26 493 ............ 15,110 47,547 32,437 62,657, 1852. Whig. D... ............ ............ 57 1891 ............ 33 85 48 1 — I 40 87i 38 176i ............ ............ ............ 5 45 0 7 2 4,) 56 119 120, 149 312i 16 ill 89 220 21 52 23 39 ............ ............ '75 157 86 233 53 242 590 13 81 29 158 ....... 30 9 6 6 11 61 100 240 118 370 3 17 5 52 137 361 9 96 72 228 121 519 16 117 17 59 2 ............ ............ 4,995 13,552 8,5571 18,5471 1848. T.yl.' C..., Whig. D... ............ 6 3 26 14',) 68 144 40 154 ............ 7 4 45 119 5 63 97 313 20 56 44 124 66 56 43 194 177 344 202 455 38 181 70 234 5 26 336 57 144 29 219 ............ 6 87 80 119 207 123 373 41 ............ ............ 4,509 10,668 6,159 15,177 THiE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. OREGON.* 160. Fusion, Democrat. ............ $25 504 67 81 ............ .......... 813 ............ 1,160 .58O 727 985 666 630 619 21 ............ 147 ............ 403 275 485 8,638 3,368 13,908 .47: Lincoln's COUNTIES. Seymour, Democrat. 497 549 592 95 109 162 35 648 355 769 191 775 1,230 1,019 1,162 558 39 557 ............ 8 354 315 556 11,125 164 .22,086 G rant, Republicaa. 335 536 673 120 80 228 83 755 343 537 158 659 1,006 1,534 1,280 570 64 313 ........... 300 255 507 625 10,961 Baker.............................. Benton............................. Clackamas......................... Clatsop............................ Columbia.......................... Coos............................... Curry.............................. Doutglas............................ Grant.............................. Jackson............................ Josephine.......................... Lane............................... Linn............................... Marion............................. Multnomah......................... Polk............................... Tillamook......................... Umatilla........................... Umpqua........................... Union.............................. Wasco............................. Washington........................ Yamhill............................ Total............................ Majority......................... Aggregate........................ KANSAS. 1868. v ~-O ~ COUNTIES. 0C~~~~~~~ ~~~Grant, Seymour, 6 Republican. Democrat. 1 Allen............................... 693 200 2 Ande rson.......................... 612 130 3 Atchison...........................1,297 934 4 Bourbon........................... 1,443 486 5 Brown............................. 691 178 6 Bu tler.............................. 1,35 93 7 Chase...............................243 71 8 Clay................................175 21 9 C rawford........................... 479 265 10 Cherokee........................... 11 Coff ey..............................3..... 1.......37261 12 Cloud.............................. 100 11 13 Davis...............................371 256 14 Dickinson.......................... 194 98 15 Don iphan.......................... 1,549 721 16 Douglas............................2,434 600 17 Ellis................................ 68'171 18 Ellsworth.......................... 159 135 19 Franklin...........................1,030 319 20 Greenwood......................... 341 98 21 Jackson............................ 553 313 22 Jeff erson...........................1,268 724 23 Johnson............................1,487 723 24 Labette............................ 617 166 * No returns. 0T t 732 [186.9. 1868. 6 0 6 z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ....... ii... - 3 410 68 62 ............ ....... ii.. .... 77 253 507 582 598 571 191 11 ....... i.i.. 5 ........ -... 168 371 415 5,270 1864. 250 73 256 37 735 3't 8 960 126 362 3 39 19 79 47 ............ ........................ ............ 307 53 42 20 1,081 19 1,353 194 ........................ 395 106 16 300 76 855 178 437 105 ..................... PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. KANSAS.-Continued. 1864. Republican. Democrat. 2,139 1,3'71 689'(; 487 69 ................................ 260 5!) 614 80 70 98 341 30 ................................ 16 7 27 35 ................................ 220 50 573 75 ................................ 163 7 93............ ........................ 67 35 285 190 1,600............ 16,441 3,691 12,750 20,132 COUNTIES. Leavenworth....................... Linn............................... Lyon............................... 2Marion............................. Marshall............................ Miami.............................. Morris............................. Nemaha............................ Neosho............................. Osage........................... Ottawa............................. Pottawotamie...................... Republic........................... Riley............................... Shawnee........................... Saline.............................. Wabaunsee........................ Washington........................ Wilson............................. Woodson........................... Wyandotte......................... Soldiers' Vote...................... Total............................. Majority........................ Aggregate........................ Aggregate..................................43,648 20,132 NEBRASKA. 1868. Grnt, Seymour, Rep. Dem. 967 351 958 720 488 43 166 128 915 499 *................ 251 261 158 78 159 41 11 16 469 153 ............... 9,729 5,439 4,290 15,168 6 c) 1.' ~ zO ~ Grant, Seymour, Rep. Dem. 325 143 44 16 791 450 53 29 132 110 144 141 61 52 356 185 1,939 1,567 302 77 190 56 74........ 333 98 372 170 21 2 4 43 46 10 Burt................... Butler................. Cass................... Cedar.................. Cuming................ Dakota................ Dixon.................. Dodge................. Douglas................ Gaae................... HaYI.................... Jefferson............... Johnson............... Lancaster.............. L'Eau-qui-Court....... Madison............... Merrick................ Nemaha................ Otoe................... Pawnee................ Platte.................. Richardson............. Saline.................. Sarpy.................. Saunders............... Seward................ Stanton................ Washington........... York................... Total................ Majority............. Aggregate............ * No returns. i I 1869.] 733 1888. 6 Q 'oI 6 z 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 G,,..t, I,.p.bli.-. 2,671 1,810 946 52 514 1,250 155 591 708 422 136 613 62 587 1,3.-Ii 348 333 202 368 263 569 S.Y. 2,330 415 110 47 228 557 172 272 409 1 83 ....... 3 1.30 450 117 41 52 .192 81 628 13,(',20 43,648 30,028 16,408 18. 6 C, e> :4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 141 151 16! 17 COUNTIES. COUNTIES. 8 9 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MINNESOTA. COUNTIES. 1 Anoka..................... 2 Benton.................... 3 Blue Earth................. 4 Brown..................... 5 Carver..................... 6 Cass....................... 7 Chisago.................... 8 Crow Wing................ 9 Dakota.................... 10 Dodge..................... 11 Douglas.................... 12 Faribault.................. 13 Fillmore................... 14 Freeborn.................. 15 Goodhue................... 16 Grant...................... 17 Hennepin.................. 18 Houston.................... 19 Isanti..................... 20 Jackson.................... 21 Kandiyohi................. 22 Kanabec................... 23 Lake....................... 24 Le Sueur................... 25 Lincoln.................... 26 Manomin.................. 27 Martin..................... 28 McLeod.................... 29 Meeker.................... 30 Mille Lac.................. 31 Morrison.................. 32 Monongalia................ 33 Mower.................... 34 Nicollet.................... 35 Otter Tail.................. 3t61 Olmstead................... 3 Pine....................... 38 Pope....................... 39 Ramsey................... 40 Redwood................... 41 Renville.................... 42 Rice........................ 43 Scott...................... 44 Sh erburne.................. 45 Sibley..................... 46 Stearns..................... 47 Steele...................... 48 St. Louis................... 49 Tombs..................... 50 Todd...................... 51 Wabashaw................. 52 Waseca.................... 53 Washington............... 54 Watonwan................ 55 Winona.................... 56 Wright.................... Total.................... Majority................. Aggregate............... 1864. Lincoln, McClellan, Rep. Dem. 285; 167 52' 53 962 575 326 58 484 610 5 4 372 88 1,176 1,178 760 325 642 160 1,642 1,031 653 201 1,866 688 1,71[1 1221 796 635 59 24 ................. ................. ................. ................. .495 812 190 17 202 142 115 84 51 20 35 50 637 214 505 420 1,849 829 17 4 .............. 1,275 6;67 396 1,045 108 78 263 559 427 916 636 209 39 5 2,3 31 1,302 635 418 284 781 502 38 5 1,5.90 1,032 528 356 24,971 17,355i 42,326 ie for the offic'i Aggregate......................71,614 42,326 84,737 * In 1868 the votes of counties not returned in time for the official statement foot up, Grant 588, Seymour 144. This accounts for the apparent discrepancy in the totals. 734 [1869. 1868.* Glrat, Seymour, Rep. Dem. 421 274 153 147 1,749 1,024 654 152 800 980 ................. 538 117 1,612 1,7,92 1,025 381 563 106 1,421. 373 2,748 1,313 1,211 336 2,885 939 47 2 3,128 1,982 1,435 899 263 29 201 16 160 12 8 1 878 1095 .............. 3 24 520 101 605 381 600 285 118 41 68 139 381 74 1,239 469 780 486 .............. 2,369 1,307 35 5 311 62 1,670 1,929 157 9 273 67 1,784 1,266 479 1,454 205 148 382 704 1,030 1,524 1,137 503 66 20 161 35 1,831 1,143 817 5i8 1,062 707 199 57 2,378 2,024 985 623 43,542 28,072 15,470 71,614 1860. Douglas, Dem. 150 ....... 374 91 324 ....... 64 ....... 882 205 ....... 63 809 188 429 ...... 705 622 q ....... 3 ....... 555 ....... ....... 81 83 93 17 194 291 6 404 ....... ....... 1,107 41 503 642 58 384 482 157 22 3 55G 143 422 ,....Y.. 571 188 11,920 Lincoln, Rep. 277 ....... 6q7 408 504 ....... 37z9 1,02 580 ....... 270 1,610 595 1,.352 ....... 1,770 594 41 13 !15 566 ....... 40 240 166 18 53 42 501 461 5 1,348 ....... ....... 1,233 89 996 529 120 397 438 40 7 1,2,31 804 752 1,291 572 22,069 10,149 Breck., D.em. 9 24' 10 1 53 24 2 3 ....... 9 38 24 12 ....... 4 ....... ....... ....... 748 ....... ....... ....... ..... 8 25 24 ....... 38 2 78 3473 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. FLORIDA.* 1848. Taylor, Cius, Whig. Dem. maj. 15...... ......... i..... ...... maj.11 ............... 284 282 .... maj 5 311 220 227 155 131 140 m. 190...... maj. 1...... 39 69 78 111 111 27 m. 257...... ........maj. 40 ............ 444 279 ............ m. 150...... ............... mraj. 57...... 63 86 maj. 25...... ............... .......maj. 25 .... ii....... 13 132 ............... 204 63 ...... maj. 15 ............... 165 86 106 101 m. 125...... 3,116 1,847 1,269 4,963 COUNTIES. Breck., Douglls, Dem. De m. 527 5 1 Alchn................. 284................. 392...... 4063 ............ 512...... 487...... 99...... 482 1 284...... 444...... ............... 111...... ........... 417...... 151...... ............... 88...... 444...... 151...... 161...... 8 — +S 367~ 3,106 1434 14.44 Alachua............... Brevard................ Calhoun................ Clay................... Columbia............... Dade................... Duval.................. Escambia.............. Franklin............... Gadsden............... Hamilton.............. Hernando............. Hillsboro.............. Holmes................ Jackson................ Jefferson............... La Fayette............. Leon................... Levy.................. Liberty................ Madison............... Manatee............... Marion................ Monroe................ Nassau................. New River............. Orange................. Putnam................ St. Johns.............. Sumnter................ Suwannee............. Santa Rosa............. St. Lucie............... Taylor................. Volutsia................ Wakulla............... Washington............ Walton................ Total................ Majority............. Aggregate............ t Total correct, details incomplete. NEVADA.* i6~~~ 1868.. 1868. COUNTIES. COUNTIES. 0 ~~~~~~Grant, ~ O~raet, Seymour, Grant, Seymour, O Republican. Democrat. 0 Republican, Democrat. 1 Churchill............... 75 75 9 Ormsby............... 500 420 2 Douglas..................256 118 10 Storey................. 2,319 1,739 3 Esmeralda............. 267 198 11 Washoe................ 859 635 4 Humboldt.................. 313 2864 5 Lyon................... 488 343 Total................ 6,480 5,218 6 Lainder................. 1,000 995 Majority............. 1,262 7 Lincoln............... 50 56 Aggregate............ 11,698 8!N ye.................... 353 353 *5The vote of 1864, for President, as officially returned, is 16,420. Lincoln 9,826, McClellan 6,594; Union majority 3,232. I i iI i i I i I I 1869.] 735 1860. 1856. 1852. Q 0I c; 195 14 214 195 377 61 384 74 462 158' so 282 75 226 60 82 179 65 74 145 115 61 173 .5,437 FM..., A.. i42 ...... 50 ...i6 . 4 234 96 300 157 40 173 87 457 145 4 55 63 369 31 210 54 70 ...... 33 25 75 . 4.9 ...... .... ii 149 72 143 4,8'.'l B..hl., D.. 361 ...... 71 62 ...... 341 249 177 328 180 101 365 76 431 3.90 ...ai. 4 45 88 454 24 324 222 133 5 70 198 100 ... ...... ...... 52 169 153 129 6,358 1,525 ii,igi se.tt, Whig. ill ...... 13 97 ...... 274 202 87 170 27 47 70 73 260 85 ...... 0127 27 ...... 101 ... i 95 48 .... 37 97 ...... .... i. 2 8 ...... ...... ......,6 ,34 113 2,875 Pi 20.9 61 337 314; 2131 163 306i 117 93 165 59 261 320 3841 43 83 6 116 29 35 47 140 159 17 54 109 78 4,'.31 8 i 1'4431 7,1931 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. WEST VIRGINIA. 1868. Gl rant, Dey mour, Republican. Democrat. 689 278 1,009 494 143 85 241 79 489 505 251 148 124 118 99 24 615 418 290 206 189 184 38,3 19 191 161 127 413 482 385 59 2135 1,430 1,078 795 353 203 120 1,288 940 630 6.54 97 103 38 87 1,147 858 1,672 965 1,273 1,020 89 122 362 280 1,518 954 224 102 325 95 89 30 141 13 2,329 2,497 291 1'23 281 310 190 45 1,7.35 757 435 291 210 97 221 176 768 387 433 199 786 652 58 137 836 510 799 47 196 84 23 68 479 807 405 309 1,668 1,208 178 76 29,025 20,306 8,719 49,,331 ia, and this vote COUNTIES. 1864. Lincoln, McClellan, Republicn. Democrat. 593 293 726........ ................ ................ 464 401 191........ ................ 73........ ................ ................ 244 34 ................ ................ 163 7 424 297 254........ 1,323 8ff3 679' 190 174 21 1,421 26 649 443 ................ 1,082 511 1,470 770 1,346 362 .................... ................. 1,321 705 .................. 265........ 143S........ 2,138 2,008 211........ 267 215 ................ 1,612 564 338 109 .................... 177 50 673 217 275 31 785 349 56 36 709 320 819 60 .................... ................ 329 756 262 209 1,496 591 .................... 23,152 10,438 12,714 33,590 (i d d 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Barbour............... Berkeley.............. Boone................. Braxton............... Brooke................ Cabell................. Calhoun............... Clay................... Doddridge............ Fayette............... Gilmer................ Grant................. Greenbrier............ Hampshire............ Hancock.............. Hardy................. Harrison.............. Jackson............... Jefferson.............. Kanawha.............. Lewis................. Lincoln............... Logan................. Marion................ Marshall.............. Mason................. Mercer................ Mineral............... Monongalia........... Monroe............... Morgan............... McDowell 3................ Nicholas.............. Ohio.................. Pendleton............. Pleasants............. Pocahontas........... Preston............... Putnam............... Raleigh............... Randolph............... Ritchie................ Roane................. Taylor................ Tucker................ Tyler.................. Upshur................ Wayne................ Webster............... Wetzel................ Wirt.................. 1 Wood................. 1 Wyoming............ Total................ Majority............ Agt ret,ate........... ?hen a part of old Virgi: vote at this clection. Agreat 49313504,7 nia, and this vote is given only to show how I I I i t [1869. 736 1860.* 910 830 204 227 450 161 285 35 356 241 268 5 1,054 262 355 1,191 500 458 513 604 .... 2il' 1,337 80.9 439 432 0 520 254 37 152 915 217 166 333 942 327 69 243 544 264 575 99 423 589 166 52 607 255 832 29 21,908 89 442 913 121 274 173 316 19 119 143 381 117 878 33 894 931 388 959 1,176 332 569 928 716 443 22 693 308 35 345 1,202 400 140 163 562 400 230 259 224 237 647 22 315 331 326 66 90 150 8132 60 21,017 D..gl.., D...,.t. 39 106 24 46 76 407 9 65 119 75 85 74 107 . 61 440 52 247 ...... 4. 137 108 297 18 83 20 716 1'33 119 239 38 14 143 73 ,16 26 23 197 54 82 5 153 16 56 9 5,747 48,672 the ese counties cast PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS. SOUTH CAROLINA.* 1868. Grant, Seymour,t 6Rep. Dem. 840 2,751 637 2,169 3,090 2,073 6,,~83 675 13156 4,386 1,673 1,405 720 960 1,445 781 3,545 1,147 1,992 1,478 ,9.95 1,193 2,680 265 1,555 1,608 404 1,101 1,482 879 812 913 6 C) ~ 'o O {19 120 !21 !22 !23 24 125 26 28 29 30 ~31 ~32 Abbeville.............. Anderson............... Barnwell............... Beaufort............... Berkeley............... Charleston............ Chester................ Chesterfield............ Clarendon.............. Colleton............... Darlingtoln............. Edgefieled.............. Fairfield............... Georgetown............ Greenville.............. Horry.................. Kershaw............... Lancaster.............. 17 Kershaw..............1,482 879 Majority............17,064 18 Lancaster...............812 913 Aggregate 107,538 *Previous to 1868, Presidential electors were chosen by the Legislature, excepting in 1864, when, the State being in rebellion, none were chosen. The electoral votes have previously been given, as follows, viz.: 1836, to Willie P. Mangum; in 1840, to Martin Van Buren; in 1844, to James K. Polk; in 1848, to Lewvis Cass; in 1852, to Franklin Pierce; in 1856, to James Buchanan; in 1860, to John C. Breckinridge. PRESIDENTIAL VOTE BY STATES. 1868. Gra, nt, Beymour, R,epublican. D emocrat. 6,480 5,218 38,191 31,224 80,121 83,001 419,883 429,883 92.241 73,600 280,128 238,700 10,961 11,125 342,280 313,882 12,993 6,548 62,301 45,237 56,757 26,311 ................ 44,173 12,051 9,025 20',.6 108,857 84,710 3,004,623 2,695,710 308,913 5,700,333 1868. Grant, Seymour, Republican. Democrat. 76,366 72,086 22,152 19,078 54,592 54,078 50,995 47,952 7,623 10,980 .................... 57,134 102,82i 250,293 199,143 176,552 166,980 120,399 74,040 30,028 13,620 39,566 115,889 33.263 80,225 70,426 42,,396 30,438 62,.357 136,477 59,408 128,550 97,069 43,542 28,072 .................... 82,107 62,78( 9,729 5,43 Nevada................... New Hampshire........... New Jersey............... New York................. North Carolina............ Ohio...................... Oregon.................... Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island.............. Soutth Carolina............ Tennessee................. Texas (no vote)............ Vermont.................. Virginia (no vote)......... West Virginia............. Wisconsin................ Total.................... Majority................ Aggregate............... Nebraska.................9,729 5,439 47 1869.1 737 1808. G,-t. B.y R.P. 1,170 1,912 841 1,574 1,749 1,799 1,182 949 999 2,008 '304 1,091 3,057 1,998 323 1,107 2,476 1,389 505 1,965 3,108 1,071 953 1,767 1,682 780 1,543 2,043 62,301 4.5,237 17,064 107,538 6 0r-) 6 z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 COUNTIES. COUNTIES. aurens................ Ington............. arlboro............... ewberry.............. conee................. Orangeburg............ Pickens................ Richland............... Spartanbiirg........... Stimter................ Union.................. Williamsburg.......... York................... Total................ Majority............. Aggregate............ STATES. STATES. Alabama.................. Arkansas.................. California................ Connecticut............... Delaware.................. Florida (by Legislature)... Ge,grgia................... Illinois.................... Indiana................... Iowa...................... Kansas.................... Kentucky................. Louisiana................. Maine..................... Maryland.................. Massachusetts............. Michigan................. Minnesota............... Mississippi (110 vote)...... Missouri.................. Nebraska.................. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. STATE LEGISLATURES, POLITICALLY CLASSIFIED. The figures given are for the Legislatures last elected. In a few instances the election of members is contested; when these cases are decided, the result may slightly change the numbers given. Dem. maj. I Democrat. ' Snte. H ouse Senate. of Rep. Alabama........ Arkansas........ California....... Connecticut..... Delaware........ Florida.......... Georgia.......... Illinois.......... Indiana.......... Iowa............ Kansas.......... Kentucky....... Louisiana....... Maine........... Maryland........ Massachusetts..... Michigan........ Minnesota....... Mississippi...... Missouri........ Nebraska........ Nevada.......... New Hampshire. New Jersey...... New York....... North Carolina.. Ohio............. Oregon.......... Pennsylvania.... Rhode Island.... South Carolina.. Tennessee...... Texas........... Vermont........ Virginia......... West Virginia... Wisconsin...... 100 98 ...... 29 ...... 42 24 107 101 61 ...... 244 66 39 .:..... 40 .43 62 *..... 74 ...... 76 113 108 ...... 239 ...... 42 41 Wicni 19 6 4I3 64 POPULATION OF TIM UNITED STATES, 1790-1860. From 1840 to 1850, the increase of the entire population was 35.87 per cent., and from 1850 to 1860, it was 35.46 per cent. The lowest rate of increase for any decade since 1790, has been 32.67 per cent.; the highest, 36.45. During the five years following 1860, or in the time of the late war, the increase in population was much less rapid, and in some States there was an actual decrease. Immigration from foreign countries was checked during this period, but since the return of peace in 1865, it has again increased. The total population for 1860, in the table below, includes 44,020 Indians. AGOREGATE 1790 1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. 1840. 1850. 1860. POPULATION. Total White....... 3,172,464 4,304,489 5,862,00417,861,937i10,537,378 14,195,695 19,553,114 26,957.471 Total Free Colored 59,466 108,395 186,446 233,524 319,599{ 386,303 434,449 488,070 Total Free........ 3,231,930 4,412,884 6,048,450 8,095,461,10,856,977 14,581,998 19,987,563 27,445,541 Total Slave........ 69.7,897 893,041 1,191,364!1,538,038 2,009 043 2,487,4.55 3,204,313 3,953,760 Total Colored..... 7 57,363 1, 001,43 6 1,377, 81 0 11771,562'2,328,642 2,873,758 3,638,762 4,441,830 Total........... 3,929,827 5,305,925 7,239,814 9,638,131 12,866,020 17,069,453 23,191,876 31,443,321 I I 738 [1869. I Rep. maj. H,,,, .f R.P. Rep. maj. on Joint Ballot. Dem.maj. on Joint Ballot. STA.TES. B...t.. "H"' .f Rp. .... .... 21 29 .... .... .... .... 82 .... .... 86 .... .... .... .... .. -i .... ... i 13 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...... .... ii ...... 26 ...... ...... :.' i'' ::' ".i 11 ...... ...... ...... ...... Ir ::.... , i6 17 ...... ...... ..:... ...... ...... H-, .f R.P. 32 82 21 79 23 30 12 131 2 16 37 22 73 18 58 31 55 42 86 24 84 8 9 24 75 29 123 27 72 16 38 12 34 15 35 9 194 9 28 17 76 40 82 17 49 9 17 18 62 27 62 95 109 25'83 19 41 19 68 1 1 17 9 7 8 22 7 19 5 1 30 1 12 2 25 2 5 6 ... 1 4 3 .12 15 10 20 13 15 5 6 .... .... .... .... 14 1 13 1 50 107 21 16 102 27 43 16 6 91 26 28 86 16 28 9 1.... 3 138 32 5 38 56 30 38 8 15 :... 'i ..i. 5 32 31 20 6 3 .... 8 ..ii 12 37 23 ..ii 27 .... 36 22 10 ..i4 ii 11 6 ...i 30 .... ... 22 19 2,5 ..i. 6 5 69 78 21 ..i 12 70 78 ..i4 95 '6 44 29 .... .... 29 32 56 44 54 94' 83 .... 26 36 .... .... 5 .... .... .... .... .... .... 22 ... .... .... .... .... .... .... 3 4 .... .... .... .... .... RECOPRD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS, 1868. UNITED STATES. January 1st. Gen. T. W. Sherman was appointed commander of the Department of the East.-Gen. A. D. M'Cook was ordered to relieve Gen. McKenzie in command of the Sub-District of the Rio Grande.-Thirty miles of the Galveston railroad to Lawrence were opened.The Legislatures of Maryland, Maine and Massachusetts, assembled.-Gov. Chamberlain, of Maine, was inaugurated.-Gen. O'Neil became President of the Fenian Brotherhood. 2d. Gov. Flanders, of Louisiana, resigned, and Joshua Baker was appointed his suiiccessor by General Hancock.-Custom-house and fifty other buildings destroyed by fire at Indianola, Texas. 3d. Failure of the dry goods merchant, L. C. Hopkins, in Cincinnati, with liabilities to the amount of $1,000,000. 4th. The steamer Harry Dean exploded on the Ohio, near Gallipolis; 5 persons killed and many others injured.-Post No. 1, Grand Army of the Republic, in Washington, nominated Gen. Grant for President. 5th. U.S. Military Asylum, at Augusta, Me., was destroyed by fire. 6th. Congress met.-The President was, by a vote of 79 to 28, in the House, censured for removing Gen. Sheridan.-The resolution of thanks to Gen. Grant for his letters to the President relative to the removal of Secretary Stanton, and Gen. Sheridan's report of affairs in Texas, was passted by 82 votes to 23.-A bill was passed constituiting eight hours a day's work for Government employees.-Bullock, the new governor of Massachusetts, accepted the decisioll of the people with reference to the liquor question, and recommended enactments for the control of the traffic.-The Legislature of Ohio assembled.-Gen. Meade assumed command of the Third Military District, consisting of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida. 7th. The Legislatures of New York and Pennsylvania convened.-The U.S. Senate passed the bill to repeal the internal revenue tax on cotton.-The House passed the joint resolution authorizing the sale of all the iron-clad vessels no longer required by the service.-The Illinois Press Association met at Jacksonville.-Formal opening of Pike's new Opera House at New York.-Great Fenian meeting at Washington.-The House passed a bill to prevent frauds in distilled spirits. 8th. The Legislature of Wisconsin convened.-The Pennsylvania State Convention of "'The Boys in Blue" met in Philadelphia.-Democratic State Conventions at Indianapolis, and at Columbus, Ohio.-Gen. Canby issued an order for the meeting of the North Carolina Convention in Raleigh, on Jan. 14th.-Gov. Bowie, of Maryland, was inaugurated. 10th. Secretary Seward announced to the House that twenty-one States had ratified the 14th article of the amendment to the Constitution.-The ship Leibnitz, from Hamburg, arrived at New York, after a passage of sixty days, during which time one hundred and five persons died of cholera. 12th. The contract for the iron bridge across the Mississippi, at Dubuque, was awarded to the Keystone Bridge Company, of Pittsburgh, Pa.-The thermometer stood 36 degrees below zero at Trempeleau, Wisconsin. 13th. The House passed, by 116 to 39, a bill declaring that five members shall constitute a quorum of the Supreme Court, and that a concurrence of two-thirds of all the members shall be necessary to a decision adverse to the validity of any law passed by Congress.-The Senate declared, by 35 votes to 6, that they do not concur in the suspension from the office of Secretary of War. of Edwin M. Stanton.-Gen. Meade removed Gov. Jenkins, of Georgia. and appointed Gen. Ruger as his sucecessor.-Sardis, in Mississippi, was nearly destroyed by fire.R. B. Hayes was inaugurated as Governor of Ohio.-The Ohio Legislature withdrew the assent of the State to the proposed 14th Amendment; vote in the Senate-yeas 19, nays 17; in the House-yeas 56, nays 46. 14th. The Virginia Constitutional Convention declared that Virginia shall forever remain in the Union, and that slavery is forever abolished ill the State.-Gen. Grant relinquished the 739 TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. office of Secretary of War to Secretary Stanton, who entered again upon the discharge of his duties.-The Conventions of North and South Carolina met; also the Legislatures of New Jersey and Iovwa.-Jiidue Thulrman was elected U.S. Senator for Ohio. 15th. Geit. Pope was assig!iied to the command of the Department of the Lakes, with headquarters at Detroit.-The Iron Moiuntain railroad was taken possession of by Gov. Fletcher, in the name of the State of Missouri.-The Connecticut Republican State Convention met at llartford.-The Louisiana Republican State Conventioli nominated II. C. Wamoutth for Govemnor, and Oscar J. Dunn (colored) for Liecut. Governor.-The Legislature of Kansas met; Mliss Enmna Hlunt was elected enrolling clerk of the Lower House. 16th. The Senate passed the Deficiency bill.-Meeting of the delegates of the National Convention of the Grand Army of the Replublic, in Phcadelphia, Gen. Sickles occpl)yinug the chair; it recommended Gen. U. S. Grant for the office of President of the United States; Gert. Logain was elected commandcr-in-chief.-Gov. Merrill, of Iowa, was inaugu,irated.-iWmn. T. Ilamilton w as elected U. S. Senator of Malyland.-The Republican State Convention of Arkatiisas nominated P. Clayton for Governor. 17th. Cousolidation of the Columbus and Indiana Ceutral, and the Chicago anid Great Western railroads as the Columbus, Chicago and Indiana Central Railroad Compaliy.-The last rail was laid on the Union and Logansport railroad, now forming part of the Columbus and Iindliana Central Railroad, and being the shortest connecting link between the Eastern and Western cities.-O'Hara (colored), was elected engrossing clerk by the North Carolinia Constitutional Conveltioin. 20th. The Florida Convention assembled. 21st. The Ilouse of Representatives passed the supplement to the Reconstruction bill by 123 to 45.-The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad bridge was completed at Des Moines.-The Supreme Court resolved to advance the McArdle case, involving questions connected with Reconstruction, so as to place it in position on the calendar to be reached on the 1st of March. 23d. Gen. Ruger rescinded Gov. Jenkins's order suspending the collection of taxes in Georgia.-The Mississippi Convention declared that the General Assembly shll never assume or pay any obligation contracted or incurred iii aid of the Rebellion, and that it shall have no power to make any compensation for emancipated slaves. 24th. The Spanish Minister of War ordered 50,000 American breech-loading rifles.Senator Morton delivered a speech in defense of the Congressional policy of recotistructson.-Gen. Grant asked President Johnson to put in writing several instructions previously given to him not to obey any order from Secretary Stanton, unless he knew that it came from the President. 25th. Six persons were killed, and five others injured, niear Fort Wayne, Ind., by the explosion of a can of coal oil.-The steamer Emerald was sunk at Tunca, about 15 miles below the mouth of Red river; four ladies were drowned. 26th. The Mexican (Imperialist) Gen. Marquez, arrived at New Orleans, having escaped from Mexico in disgise. 27th. Gen. Meade removed Barret. Secretary of State of Georgia, for refusing to recognize the authority of the district commander.-The House passed the bill to prevent the payment of certain claims arising out of the Rebellion, by yeas 86, nays 53. 28th. Terrible fire at Chicago. 29th. The Senate passed a bill providing for the sale of iron-clads.-The Academy of Music was destroyed by fire at Aibany, New York.-The Presideit instructed Gen. Grant. in writing, not to obey any order from the War Department, unless authorized by the President. 30th. The Iowa Senate passed the bill granting to the U. S. Government right of way for a ship canal around the lower rapids of the Mississippi, on the Iowa side.-The Connecticut Democratic State Convention at New Haven, re-nominated Gov. English.-Gen. Grant recognized orders issued from the War Department, by direction of the President, as authorized by the Executive. 31st. The President reproached Gen. Grant forhaving vacated the office of the War Department without having given him notice of his intention to do so.-The report of the Committee of Conference on the cotton tax bill, was adopted by the House. February 1st. Eighteen prisoners escaped from the jail at St. Joseph, Mo. 2d. The steamer Sherman was destroyed by fire. 3d. Riot at Fayetteville, Tenn.-Gen. Grant reasserted the correctness of his statements, that he accepted the appointment of Secretary of War ad itssinm, to prevent the appointment [1869. 740 RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. of one who, by opposition to the Reconstiuction laws would embarrass the army in the perforinance of duties imposed upon it by the laws. 4th. The Louisiana Convention adopted the clause relating to " mixed scliools" by an almost unanimous vote.-There were 8,114 less than half the registered vote of Alabama cast for the Constitition.-The anti-contraction bill became a law by the expiration of ten days' time allowed for vetoing it by the President.-The Minnesota Hoilse passed a bill making eight hours' labor a day's work for women, and children under 18 years of age. 5th. The Senate passed a bill authorizing the Secretary of War to employ counsel to defend Generals, or other persons entrusted with reconstruction, in cases brought against them for their acts under the Reconstruction laws.-Tlie House agreed to the same and passed the bill forfeiting certain railroad land-grants in the Southern States, by yeas 86, nays 73.-The Georgia Convention passed the relief clause, by a vote of 82 to 45.-The Newv York lel)ul)lican Coinvention instructed their delegates to vote for Grant for President.-The National Commercial Conventionl met at Boston. 6(3th. The Senate adopted a joint resolution to send naval officersl to the IHavre Maritime Exhibition.-The Ohio House adopted resolutions in favor of the repeal of the Conlgressional Reconstruction Acts, and denouncing the pending supplemental Reconstruction and Supreme Court bills.-The Kansas State Senate passed an act allowing persons, without regard to sex or color, to practice law in all the courts of that State, if possessed of the requisite qualification. 7th. The House passed the bill restoring to the market lands along the line of the Pacific Railroad.-The "Society of the Army of the Cumberland" met at Cincinnati. 8th. A destructive fire in New York; loss $500,000. 9th. Thermometer 51 degrees below zero at Sparta, Wis. 10th. The House rejected, by 77 yeas to 97 nays, a resolution declaring that the Capitol ought to be removed to the valley of the Mississippi.-The Supreme Court of the United States declared unanimously that the petitions to restrain President Johnson, and certain specified army officers firom the execution of the Reconstruction laws in Georgia and Mississippi. should be dismissed, the issue being purely political, and therefore not within the julrisdiction of the Court.-The House passed, by a vote of 85 to 45, a bill for the construction of the bridge across the Mississippi, at Rock Island.-President Johnson, in reply to Gen. Grant's letter of February 3, reasserted the correctness of his position in the controversy with Gen. Grant, by submitting letters of his Cabinet. lth. The Miunesota House passed a bill leaving capital punishmllent for nmurder at the discretion of the jui-y.-Gen. Grant disclaimed in his reply to President Johnson, any intention of disol)eying any legal orders of the President. 12th. The President foimed a new Military Division, consisting of the Departments of the Lakes, of the East, and of Washington, and appointed Lieut. Gen. Sherman to its command. It is called the department of the Atlantic.-Gen. Sheridan was ordered temporarily to comnmaud the Division of Missouri. 13th. The President nominated Lieut. Gen. Sherman General by brevet.-The Deficiency bill became a law without the President's signature.-The California Legislature passed the bill making eight hours a legal day's work.-The Supreme Court confirmed the constitutionality of the act of 1865, taxing the shares of National Baiiks.-Gen. L. Thomas was reinstated as AdjutantGeneral of the army.-The North Carolina Convention passed an ordinance allowing every man to practice law without regard to race or color. 14th. The New York Assembly repealed the Excise law by a vote of 65 to 40.-The South Carolina Convention adopted a provision recognizing public and political equality without distinction of race or color.-The Georgia Convention passed a franchise bill by a vote of 114 to 16.-The Mississippi Convention gave all persons, irrespective of color or sex, the elective franchise.-The new constitution passed the Arkansas Convention by a vote of 45 to 21.-Election ordered.-Lieut. Gen. Sherman requested that the Senate do not confirm the brevet of General conferred on him by the President. 16th. The American Theatre, at San Francisco, was destroyed by fire. 17th. Terrible explosion and destruction of a steam-tutg in New York harbor. 18th. The House of Representatives passed, by 114 to 39, a joint resolution appropriating $50,000 for relief of Americans imprisoned abroad.-Meeting of the Woolen Manufacturers' Association of the North-West, in Chicago.-The Senate passed the bill for the reduction of the army. 19th. The New Jersey Senate adopted a resolution withdrawing ratification of the 14th amendment.-The U.S. Senate refused to admit Philip F. Thomas, Senator elect from Maryland, upon the ground of disloyalty during the Rebellion. 186,0.] ,41 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 20th. The Indiana Republican State Convention renominated Gov. Baker.-The President re voked the assignment of Gen. Sherman to the command of the Atlantic Department.-The New Jersey House concurred in the action of the Senate withdrawing the consent to the 14th amend ment. 21st. The President issued an order removing Secretary Stanton from the War office, and authorizing Gen. L. Thomas to act as Secretary of War ad interim.-A committee from the Sen ate urged Stanton to hold his position, which he agreed to do until action be taken by the Senate in the matter.-Stanton retained personal possession of the office.-A resolution of the Senate, passed by a vote of 28 to 6, was delivered to the President, to the effect that, under the consti tution and laws, the President had no power to remove the Secretary of War, and to designate another to perform his duties, and that the Senate disapproved the action of the President. The President nominated Gen. George H. Thomas to be Lieut. General and General by brevet; also George B. McClellan as minister to England. 22d. Justice Cartter, of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, issued, upon the complaint of Secretary Stanton, a warrant of arrest against Adj. Gen. Thomas for violation of the tenure of office bill.-This warrant was executed, and Thomas was released on $10,000 bail. Secretary Stanton refilsed to give possession of his office to Gen. Thomas.-The Reconstruction Committee adopted, by a vote of 7 against 2, a resolution of impeachment against the President for high crimes and misdemeanors.-Imprisonment for debt in Georgia was prohibited. 23d. The Kentucky Domocratic State Convention nominated Stevenson for Governor.-Gen. Geo. H. Thomas declined the nominations of Brevet Lieut. General and General, presented by the President. 24th. The House resolved, 126 to 47, that "Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors."-President Johnson sent a message to the Senate vindicating his position.-Gen. Thomas made another demand upon Secretary Stanton for possession of the War office.-Gen. L. Wallace was ordered to Washington.-The President nominated Thomas Ewing, of Ohio, as successor to Secretary Stanton.-The North Carolina Convention adopted the Bill of Rights. 25th. The Committee of the House appointed a sub-committee, consisting of Boutwell, Stevens, Bingham and Wilson, to take evidence and prepare articles of impeachment.-Biitg ham and Stevens, in behalf of the House, informed the Senate and presented the action of the House in regard to impeachment of President Johnson.-Gov. Ward vetoed the resolution of the New Jersey Legislature rescinding its ratification of the 14th amendment.-The Florida Convention adopted the new constitution. 26th. The sub-committee met Gen. Emory, commanding the District of Washington, who testified to an attempt on the part of the President to induce him to receive orders directly fronm the President instead of from Gen. Grant.-Gen. Thomas appeared before Jucldg,e Cartter to answer the charge of Secretary Stanton of having violated the tenure of office law; he was discharged from arrest, and began a suit in the District Court against Secretary Stanton for false imprisonment and malicious prosecution, setting his damages at $150,000.-Secretary Stanton passed his entire time, day and night, in the Department of War, before the doors of which a guard was placed.-An amendatory Reconstruction bill passed the Senate and the Ioouse. It provided that any election in the Southern States should be decided by a majority of tllh votes actually cast.-The Mississippi Convention adopted a clause prohibiting property or edctcational qualification for electors. 28th. The Impeachment Committee completed the articles.-The New York Constitutiurn.1' Convention adopted a proposed state constitution by 84 to 31.-The Senate passed a bill relative to captured and abandoned property. 29th. The impeachment articles were reported to the House; they consisted of nine articles, alleging violations of the tenure of office law, of the conspiracy act, and high misdemeanors in having attempted to corrupt army officers and lead them to act in disobedience to the laws.The chemical manufactory of Powers & Weightman, in Philadelphia, the largest in the United States, was destroyed by fire. March 1st. Very severe snow storm throughout the North and West. 2d. The Senate adopted a code of procedure for an impeachment trial.-The House adopted nine articles of impeachment, (the first by a vote of 126 to 41).-The Louisiana Convention adopted the new constitution, by a vote of 64 to 6.-The South Carolina Convention provided for a complete free school system throughout the state.-The House appointed seven managers of the impeachment trial. 3d. The House of Representatives adopted an additional article of impeachment presented by Benjamin F. Butler, and another proposed by John A. Bingham. 742 [1869. RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 4th. An avalanche in Sierra City, California, buried 17 men beneath the snow.-The articles of impeachment were presented to the Senate by the managers. 5th. The Senate organized as a Court for the trial of President Johnson on the articles of impeachment.-Chief Justice Chase took the required oath.-The New Jersey State Senate passed the joint resolution withdrawing the consent of the state to the ratification of the 14th amendment over Gov. Ward's veto, yeas 11, nays 9. 6th. The North Carolina Convention authorized the Legislature to pass an ordinance compelling all persons to send their children between the ages of five and eighteen years, to public schools for sixteen months, when unable to educate them otherwise.-The Virginia Convention adopted an article which gives suffrage to all males over twenty years of age.-The South Carolina Convention made education compulsory.-George Vickers was elected U. S. Senator of Maryland.-The Senate passed the Pension Appropriation bill.-In the Louisiana Convention the new constitution was si,ned.-The President was summoned to appear before the Court of Impeachment on the 18th of March. 10th. Harriman (Rep.), was elected Governor of New Hampshire.-The House passed the bill to abolish the tax on manufactures-yeas 122, nays 2. 11 th. The Georgia Constitutional Convention adopted the constitution as a whole, by a vote of 112 to 14.-Congress was requested to pass such laws as will remove political disabilities from all the citizens of Georgia, by yeas 120, nays 26.-The Mississippi Conlvention adopted the Bill of Rights.-J. Ross Browne was confirmied minister to China, and Tuckerman minister to Greece.-Election ordered in Louisiana.-The act declaring that any election authorized in the former rebel states shall be decided by the majority of the votes actually cast, became a law, by lapse of time, the President not having signed or returned it within ten days. -The Senate passed a bill amending the Judiciary act of 17S9.-The Pennsylvania Republican State Convention unanimously nominated Gen. Grant for Presidenlt.-The Illinois Industrial University at Champaign was opened.-The Republican State Convention of New York met at Albany.-The South Carolina Republican State Convention nominated Robert K. Scott for Governor. 12th. Attorney General Stanberry resigned his office, having been selected by President Johnson to manage the defence in the impeachment trial.-The trial of Jeff. Davis was postponed until April 14th. 13th. The President asked forty days' time for preparing his answer to the articles of impeachment.-The Senate extended the time until March 23. 14th. Election ordered in Georgia.-Election held in Arkansas.-Gen. Grant directed Gen. Thomas to call for all troops he may want in Tennessee. 16th. Election ordered in Florida.-A very severe equinoctial storm prevailed throughout the North West; considerable loss of life and great damage done to property. 18th. The House agreed to the report of the Conference Committee on the Consular and Diplomatic Appropriation bill.-The Republican State Conventions of New Jersey, Vermont and Michigan endorsed Congress, and favored the nomination of Gen. Grant for President.-The steamer Magnolia was blown up 12 miles above Cincinnati; 100 lives lost.-The Senate passed the bill to exempt certain manufactures from internal taxation, by 36 to 3.-The House passed the bill providing that in case of the death or removal of the Chief Justice, the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court shall perform the duties of Chief Jtstice.-The bill providing for the continuance of the Freedmen's Bureau for one year was passed, by yeas 96 to nays 37. 20th. The Senate proposed a bill authorizing the Peace Commissioners to conclude a treaty of peace with the Navajo Indians.-The California Assembly rejected the 14th Amendment by a vote of 46 to 24. 21st. The Indians committed depredations inNew Mexico. 23d. The High Court of Impeachment for the trial of President Johnson was opened.-The answer of the President to the articles of impeachment was filed.-The counsel for the Presi dent asked for a delay of thirty days. 24th. Gen. Buchanan was assigned to the command of the 5th Military District, in the place of Gen. Hancock, recalled.-The impeachment trial was ordered to proceed March 30. 25th. The House passed the bill exempting certain manufactures from taxation.-The Kansas Republican State Convention met at Topeka.-The New Jersey House passed the res olution withdrawing the consent of the State to the 14th Amendment, over the Governlor's veto-yeas 45, nays 13. 26th. The Senate passed the Habeas Corpus Appeal bill over the veto of the President by a vote of 33 to 9; they also ratified the treaty between the United States and the North German Confederation, recognising, the rights of naturalized citizens, by a vote of 32 to 8. 1869.1 743 TIlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 27th. The President's veto of the Supreme Court bill was read in the lIonse, and the bill re passed l)y a vote of 112 to 34.-The House agreed to the report of the Conference Commtittee on the Manufacturers' Tax Exemption bill.-The Pacific railroad was completed to the highest sutmmit on the route.-The New Ellgland Methodist Conference, Boston, passed resolutions in dorsing impeachment. 28th. The House passed by a vote of 102 to 29, the Alabama bill providing for a provisional government of the State until the Constitution be again submitted to the people.-Gen. Han cock was assigned to the command of the military division of the Atlantic.-A new indictment was found against Jeff. Davis by the U.S. Grand Jury, at Richmond. 30th. The House declared, by 80 to 17, the joint resolution of the New Jersey Legislature withdrawing its consent to the Constitutional Amendment to be disrespectful to the House, and scandalous in character, and directed it to be returned.-Butler, of Massachusetts, opened in the Court of Impeachment, the prosecution on the part of the managers.-A supplementary Reconstruction Act was promulgated.-G. A. Ashburn, member of the Constitutional Conven tion, was assassinated at Columbus, Georgia. 31st. At the Diamond mine, Scranton, Pa., by the breaking of a chain, 17 men were pre cipitated to the bottom of the shaft, 185 feet, by which accident 12 were killed outright, and the rest severely injured. April 1st. The State election in Rhode Island resulted in the election of Gen. Bunside (Rep.) for Governor. 2d. The New York State Senate organized as a Court of Impeachmcent for the trial of Canal Commissioner Dorn.-Jeff. Davis' trial was postponed. 3d. The newly elected Legislature of Arkansas met and organized.-The lower branch of the Arkansas Legislature unanimously adopted the 14th Amendment. 4th. The case for the prosecution in the Court of Impeachment was substantially closed. — Henry H. Wells was appointed Governor of Virginia by Gen. Schofield. 6th. The election for State officers in Connecticut resulted in a democratic majority, Gov. English being elected.-The now Constitution for Michixgan was defeated.-The Arkansas Senate ratified the 14th Amendment.-Gcn. Meade issued orders for the suppression of the KuKlux-Klan and other incendiary organizations in his District. 8th. The Senate passed a bill relative to the qualification of jurors.-The corner stone of Booth's new theater was laid in New York.-Sergeant Bates, who had walked from Vicksburg with the U.S. flag, and without money, arrived at Richmond. 9th. The counsel for the President opened the argument for the defence in the Senate. — The steamer Sea Bird was destroyed by fire on Lake Michigan, off Waukegan, one hundred lives lost, only two persons saved. 13th. Gen. Meade ordered a new election in Georgia. 14th. The steamer Lexington was blown to pieces near Vicksburg, Miss., during a severe storm.-The election in South Carolina resulted in a majority of over 40,000 votes for the new Constitution and the Republican State ticket. 15th. The impeachment trial resuimed.-Serious accident near Port Jervis, on the Erie railroad; many lives lost.-Several vessels destroyed by fire at Detroit. 16th. Messrs. Rice and McDonald elected U.S. Senators for Arkansas. - 17th. The Reconstruction Convention of Virginia adopted the new Constitntion.-The Constittution of Louisiana ratified by popular vote; H. C. Warmouth (Rep.) elected Governor, and Oscar J. Dunn, (colored,) Lieutenant Governor. 2Oth. The evidence for the defence and for the prosecution in the Impeachment trial closed.-The election in Texas showed 43,142 for the Convention, and 11,246 agninst it.-Election in Georgia; for the Constitution, 89,007; against it, 71,309.-Election in North Carolina; for the Constitution, 93,118; against it, 74,009. 23d. Extensive fire in St. Louis, destroying over a million dollars of property.-Charles Dickens left the United States. 24th. The Delaware Republican State Convention declared its preference for Gen. Grant for President.-The President withdrew the nomination of Ewing as Sec. of War, and substituted Gen. Schofield.-Gen. Ord was assigned to the command of the Department of Califoriia.-Re newal of the bail bond of Jefferson Davis.-A treaty of peace concluded at Fort Laramie, Dake tah Territory, with the Sioux Indians. 25th. Thirty-three persons killed and wounded by an accident on the Pittsburgh an4 Alleghany railroad. 28th. Three large breweries at Houston, Texas, valued at $300,000, seized and libelled by the special Agent of the Treasury Department. 744 [18o-9. 744 TIlE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18o9. 27th. The President's veto of the Supreme Court bill was read in the lIo:so, and the bill re passed l)y a vote of 112 to 34.-The House agreed to the report of the Conlerence Committee on the Manufacturers' Tax Exemption bill.-The Pacific railroad was completed to the highest summit on the route.-The New Ellgland Methodist Conference, Boston, passed resolutions in dorsing impeachment. 28th. The House passed by a vote of 102 to 29, the Alabama bill providing for a provisional government of the State until the Constitution be again submitted to the people.-Gen. Han cock was assigned to the command of the military division of the Atlantic.-A new indictment was found against Jeff. Davis by the U.S. Grand Jury, at Richmond. 30th. The House declared, by 80 to 17, the joint resolution of the New Jersey Legislature withdrawing its consent to the Constitutional Amendment to be disrespectful to the House, and scandalous in character, and directed it to be returned.-Butler, of Massachusetts, opened in the Court of Impeachment, the prosecution on the part of the managers.-A supplementary Reconstruction Act was promulgated.-G. A. Ashburn, member of the Constitutional Coiiven tion, was assassinated at Columbus, Georgia. 31st. At the Diamond mine, Scranton, Pa., by the breaking of a chain, 17 men were pre cipitated to the bottom of the shaft, 185 feet, by which accident 12 were killed outright, and the rest severely injured. April 1st. The State election in Rhode Island resulted in the election of Gen. Burnside (Rep.) for Governor. 2d. The New York State Senate organized as a Court of Impeachment for the trial of Canal Commissioner Dorn.-Jeff. Davis' trial was postponed. 3d. The newly elected Legislature of Arkansas met and organized.-The lower branch of the Arkansas Legislature unanimously adopted the 14th Amendment. 4th. The case for the prosecution in the Court of Impeachment was substantially closed.Henry H. Wells was appointed Governor of Virginia by Gen. Schofield. 6th. The election for State officers in Connecticut resulted in a democratic majority. Gov. English being elected.-TThe new Constitution for Michig,an was defeated.-The Arkansas Senate ratified the 14th Amendment.-Gen. Meade issued orders for the suppression of the KuKlux-Klan and other incendiary org,anizations in his District. 8th. The Senate passed a bill relative to the qualification of julrors.-The corner stone of Booth's new theater was laid in New York.-Sergeant Bates, who had walked from Vicksburg with the U.S. flag, and without money, arrived at Richmond. 9th. The counsel for the President opened the argument for the defence in the Senate. — The steamer Sea Bird was destroyed by fire on Lake Michigan, off Waukegan, one hundred lives lost, only two persons saved. 13th. Gen. Meade ordered a new election in Georgia. 14th. The steamer Lexington was blown to pieces near Vicksburg, Miss., during a severe storm.-The election in South Carolina resulted in a majority of over 40,000 votes for the new Constitution and the Republican State ticket. 15th. The impeachment trial resumed.-Serious accident near Port Jervis, on the Erie railroad; many lives lost.-Several vessels destroyed by fire at Detroit. 16th. Messrs. Rice and McDonald elected U.S. Senators for Arkansas. - 17th. The Reconstruction Convention of Virginia adopted the new Conlstitution.-The Constitution of Louisiana ratified by popular vote; H. C. Warmouth (Rep.) elected Governor, and Oscar J. Dunn, (colored,) Lieutenant Governor. 20th. The evidence for the defence and for the prosecution in the Impeachment trial closed.-The election in Texas showed 43,142 for the Convention, and 11,246 agninst it.-Election in Georgia; for the Constitution, 89,007; against it, 71,309.-Election in North Carolina; for the Constitution, 93,118; against it, 74,009. 23d. Extensive fire in St. Louis, destroying over a million dollars of property.-Charles Dickens left the United States. 24th. The Delaware Republican State Convention declared its preference for Gen. Grant for President.-The President withdrew the nomination of Ewing as Sec. of War, and substituted Gen. Schofield.-Gen. Ord was assigned to the command of the Department of Californiia.-Re newal of the bail bond of Jefferson Davis.-A treaty of peace concluded at Fort Laramie, Dako tah Territory, with the Sioux Indians. 25th. Thirty-three persons killed and wounded by an accident on the Pittsburgh an4 Alleghany railroad. 28th. Three large breweries at Houston, Texas, valued at $300,000, seized and libelled by the special Agent of the Treasury Department. 746 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1S69. 2de The Chinese Embassy formally received by the Secretary of State.-Gen. Stoneman assumed command of Virginia. 3d. The Senate passed the bill to provide for a temporary government for the Territory of Wyoming.-The National Board of Trade met in Philadelphia.-Callicott sentenced, for whisky frauds, to imprisonment and fine.-Jeff. Davis' trial postponed till November. 4th. Gen. McDowell assumed command of the Fourth Military District (Mississippi and Arkansas).-Ex-President Buchanan buried at Wheatland. 5th. The Senate passed the bill providing that any contract hereafter made which specifies payment to be made in gold shall be legal and may be enforced.-Burlingame and the Chinese Embassy received by the President.-The steamer Thompson Dean, the largest on the Western or Southern rivers, was launched at Cincinnati. 6th. The Senate agreed to the report of the Conference Committee on the Arkansas bill. 9th. The Chinese Embassy formally received in the House of Representatives.-William Sprague elected U.S. Senator of Rhode Island.-The House of Representatives passed the bAil for the installation of officers and the meeting of Legislatures in the Southern States by a vote of 113 to 31.-The Florida Senate ratified the 14th Amendment. 10th. The Senate passed the bill for the admission of the Southern States, with only five negative votes.-The House passed the bill authorizing a contract with a New York Steainmshp Company for the transportation of mails and emigrants between New York and a port in Europe. 11 th. The House ordered the release from custody of Woolley, he having purged himself from contempt.-The New York Senate, as a Court of Impeachment, acquitted Robert C. Dorn, Canal Commissioner, on all charges preferred against him.-The Senate, by a strict party vote, passed a bill continuing the Freedmen's Bureau for another year.-The steamboat Ocean Wave took fire and burned to the water's edge at Dubuque, Iowa.-Very destructive fire at Marquette, Mich.; over 100 buildings burned, and $1,000,000 property destroyed. 12th. Reverdy Johnson confirmed as Minister to Englanld.-The House agreed to the Senate's amendments to the Southern Restoration bill, by 111 votes to 28. 15th. The House passed the resolution allowing civil service employees of the government an additional compensation of 20 per cent., by a vote of 71 to 58. 16th. Gen. McDowell removed Gov. Humphreys, of Mississippi, and appointed Gen. Ames Military Governor in his stead. 17th. The Senate passed the bill relating to national currency.-The North American Saengerfest held at Chicago. 18th. Military review at Washington in honor of the Chinese Embassy.-A steam fire engine exploded in New York; 6 persons killed and 22 wounded.-The House reconsidered the bill granting 20 per cent. additional pay to government employees, and the original bill was laid on the table by a vote of 68 to 64. 19th. The House agreed to the Senate bill giving thanks to Ex-Secretary Stanton, by a vote of 102 to 24. 20th. The President vetoed the bill for the admission of Arkansas. It was immediately passed over his veto without debate, by a vote of 111 to 31.-Collision between the steamer Morning Star and bark Cortland on Lake Erie; 20 persons were drowned. 22d. The Senate passed the Arkansas bill over the President's veto by a vote of 30 to 7.Election in Mississippi resulted in a majority against the Constitution.-Surratt discharged on $20.000 bail. 23d. The House fixed the tax on whisky at fifty cents per gallon.-Senators Rice and McDonald of Arkansas, admitted to seats in the U.S. Senate. 24th. The Senate passed, by a vote of 26 to 11, the bill making eight hours a day's work for laborers and mechanics in government employ.-The Arkansas Representatives were admitted to their seats.-International Convention of Young Men's Christian Association at Detroit. 25th. The Southern Restoration bill admitting the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama and Florida, to representation in Congress, was passed over the President's veto by 35 to 8 in the Senate. The House likewise passed it immediately over the veto by a vote of 105 to 30. 26th. The Senate passed the Legislative Appropriation bill.-The House passed the Tax bill.-The German Saengerfest began at Milwaukee. 27th. Gen. McMahon confirmed as Mlinister to Parag-iay.-The House passed a joint resolution that Indian lands, where disposed of by treaty, be conveyed direct to the United States. 28th. Gov. Baker and Lient. Gov. Voorhies, of Louisiana, removed by Gen. Buchanan by order of Gen. Grant. RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 29th. The Senate and House passed the bill extending the time for the completion of the Northern Pacific Railroad, for two years from the 2d of July, 1868, requiring the completion of the whole line by July 4, 1870.-The newly elected officers in Louisiana installed; the Legisla ture meeting on the same day. 4 of the Senate were pure negroes, and several of mixed blood. The proportion of negroes in the House was still larger. Both Houses set aside the Test Oath and admitted members to seats on their taking the constitutional oath.-The national Schuetzen fest in New York began. 30th. U.S. Senator Osborne, of Florida, admitted. July 1st. Gen. Gillem assigned to the command of the Fourth Military District.-Gen. Meade issued an order directing all military rule to cease in Florida.-The North Carolina Legislature met and ratified the 14th Amendment. 2d. The Senate passed the Civil Appropriation bill.-The Senate passed the bill granting to the Western Pacific Railroad the use of Yerba Buena Island, in San Francisco Harbor, for the erection of depots, machine shops, &c., by 28 votes to 8.-The lower branch of the Louisiana Legislature adopted the Constitutional Amendment.-The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania de cided the registry law and the act preventing soldiers from voting unconstitutional. 4th. President Johnson issued a proclamation of genera] amnesty and pardon to all engaged in the late rebellion, except those already indicted for treason or other felony.-The Governors of Georgia (Bullock) and Alabama (Smith) were installed by Gen. Meade.-The National Dem ocratic Convention met at New York, Horatio Seymour presiding.-Gen. Canby, on the ratifica tion of the Constitutional Amendment by the North Carolina Legislature, issued an order sus pending military law in that State.-The Georgia Legislature convened at Atlanta.-Gen. Augur concluded a treaty with the Eastern Shoshones and Barrock Indians. Oth. The South Carolina Legislature organized. 7th. Thad. Stevens presented articles of impeachment against President Johnson.-The Senate passed a bill continuing in force the act increasing the salaries of District Judges from $2,000 to $3,500.-The House passed a bill to modify the warehouse system.-The South Carolina Senate adopted the Constitutional amendment. 8th. The House passed the bill for the removal of political disabilities.-Scott inaugurated as governor of South Carolina. 9th. The National Democratic Convention nominated Horatio Seymour of New York for President on the 22d ballot, and F. P. Blair, Jr., of Missouri, for Vice President on the 1st ballot. -The Senate passed the Tax bill.-The House passed a bill providing that the Constitution adopted by the Virginia Convention shall be submitted to the people for ratification on the 13th, 14th, and 15th of August.-The Louisiana Senate, and the lower House of the South Carolina Legislature, ratified the 14th Amendment.-The Varieties Theater in Cincinnati destroyed by fire.-Fearful accident on the Erie railroad near French creek; many persons killed and wounded. 10th. The Senatepassed the bill excluding from the Electoral College the votes of such States lately in rebellion as shall not have been reorganized.-The House passed the joint resolution to extend to the 1st of Jan. 1869, the time for collection of the direct tax in the South; also the bill for distributing the rewards for the capture of Jefferson Davis; also the bill regulating the retirement of officers.-The hottest day known for years. 1 1th. The Senate passed the bill for the discontinuance of the Freedmen's Bureau on the 1st of January next.-The House passed the bill in reference to the representation of the Southern States in the Electoral College, by a vote of 112 to 21; also a joint resolution relative to refining gold and silver at the mint.-The President issued a proclamation announcing the ratification of the 14th Constitutional Amendment by the Legislature of North Carolina, but ignoring its ratification by Florida. 13th. The House passed the bill providing for the discontinuance of the Freedmen's Bureau, 104 to 42, in States fully restored to representation.-The Senate passed the bill authorizing the construction of a bridge over the Mississippi at St. Louis.-Gen. Canby issued his order for the restoration of civil law in South Carolina.-The provisional officers of Alabama were installed and the Legislature assembled.-Prof. Wilson of Ann Arbor, Mich., discovered another planet.Gov. Warmouth, of Louisiana, was installed.-Boyden and Dockery, two Republicans from North Carolina, admitted to their seats.-The Legislature of Alabama ratified the 14th Amendment. 14th. The Senate passed the Funding bill.-The House passed the Alaska bill. 15th. William M. Evarts confirmed as Attorney General.-The' House agreed to the report of the Conference Committee on the Tax bill.-Serious riot in Millican, Texas, between whites and negroes; 12 persons killed. 1869.1 747 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 16th. The Senate passed a bill to extend the laws of the United States over Alaska; also the Indian Appropriation bill.-Fifty persons died in New York from the effects of the heat.The riot at Millican, Texas, continued, 45 persons killed during four days. 17th. The Senators elect from North Carolina and Louisiana sworn in.-The Senate passed the Three Per Cent. Temporary Loan bill; also the bill appropriating $7,200,000 in coin for the payment of Alaska; also the Deficiency Appropriation bill.-Strike of the Philadelphia gas men; the city was in darkness. 18th. Five Louisiana and two South Carolina members sworn in.-The Georgia House of Representatives decided that all its sitting members were eligible.-President Johnson sent a message to Congress, recommending certain amendments to the Constitution. 20th. The Senate passed a bill relating to pensions.-The President's veto of the bill relating to the vote in the Electoral College received by the Senate, and the bill immediately passed over the veto, by 45 votes to 8.-The bill for the military peace establishment of the United States was passed.-The House passed over the President's veto, the Electoral College bill by a vote of 134 to 36.-The House agreed to a resolution sympathizing with Crete in her struggle for independence.-Secretary Seward issued a proclamation announcing that the Constitutional Amendment had been ratified by the necessary number of States, if Ohio and New Jersey were counted in.-The President signed the Whisky and Tobacco bill.-Bowen, of South Carolina, and Lash of North Carolina, admitted as Representatives.-Three express robbers were taken from the train and hanged by a mob, near Seymour, Indiana. 21st. Congress adopted a concurrent resolution declaring the 14th Article ratified.-The Senate passed a resolution appealing to the Turkish Government in favor of the Cretans.The Georgia Legislature ratified the 14th Article of Amendment. 22d. The House passed the bill organizing Wyoming Territory. 23d. The House passed the bill to facilitate the establishment of a line of steamers to Europe; also the Alaska Appropriation bill. 24th. The Senate passed a joint resolution in regard to the provisional Governments in the States of Texas and Virginia, and ratified the Chinese treaty.-The House passed the bill for the issue of $25,000,000 temporary loan certificates.-The House passed a bill for the speedy reorganization of the States of Virginia, Mississippi, and Texas.-Heavy storm in Baltimore and Ellicott City; several lives lost and $3,000,000 worth of property destroyed by inundation. 25th. The Senate adopted the bill for the protection of American citizens abroad by a vote of 39 to 5.-The Senate passed the Freedmen's Bureau bill over the President's veto by a vote of 42 to 5.-It was likewise passed in the House. 27th. Gen. Rosecrans was confirmed as Minister to Mexico.-The House passed the Funding bill by a vote of 104 to 32.-The Tennessee Legislature met in Nashville. 28th. Congress took a recess until September 21.-The War Department abolished the 2d and 3d military districts, the states of these districts having fully complied with the Reconstruction laws.-Secretary Seward issued a final proclamation stating that the 14th amendment to the U.S. Constitution had been adopted by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the states, and had now become a part of the Constitution. 29th. The National Temperance Convention met in Cleveland. 30th. Miners' strike in Pennsylvania. 31st. The President proclaimed officially the ratification of the treaty between the United States and the North German Confederation regarding citizenship.-Great fire in Oil City, Pa.; over 200 houses burnt.-Depredations of Indians in Arizona. August 1st. The U. S. war steamer Suwanee was reported a total loss.-The Alabama Senate authorized the Governor to organize the militia whenever he should see proper.-The Military Division of the Pacific, under the command of Gen. Halleck, was subdivided into three districts, as follows: Department of California, Gen. Ord; Department of the Columbia, Gen. Crook; Department of Alaska, Gen. Jeff. C. Davis. 3d. The election in Kentucky resulted in a Democratic majority of 88,678.-The Florida Legislature took the choice of Presidential electors from the people and vested it in the Legislature. 5th. Gen. Canby, commanding the 2d Military District, relinquished officially his command, the civil government having been restored. 6th. Five steamers were destroyed by fire at Cincinnati.-Gov. Warmouth, of Louisiana, stated to the President that 150 murders had been committed in that state in 6 weeks, and asked for the protection of U.S. troops.-The first colored jury impannelled in Tennessee, at Nashville. 7th. The Senate of the Alabama Legislature passed the bill providing for the casting of the electoral vote by the Legislature; and the lower House passed the electoral bill. 748 [186-9. I 1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 749 9th. The lower house of the Louisiana Legislature passed a new militia bill, making it a penal offence to organize a military company except under orders of the Governor. 11lth. Death of Thaddeus Stevens at Washington.-Gov. Smith, of Alabama, vetoed the bill to choose Presidential electors by the Legislature.-Gen. Gillem assumed the command of the Department of Mississippi. 13th. Gen. Canby assumed command of the Department of Washington. 14th. Encke's comet was observed from the Washington Naval Observatory. 17th. The National Teachers' Association met in Nashville, Tenn. 18th. Gen. Buchanan, commanding the Department of Louisiana, issued an order forbidding any interference of the military with civil matters, without special instruction from head-quar ters, and to be prepared for any emergency which might threaten the public peace. 20th. The Chinese Embassy in Boston. 22d. Gen. Sherman directed Gen. Sheridan to pursue and punish the hostile Indians in Kansas. 23d. Gen. Rosecrans met a number of prominent Generals of the late Southern Confederation at White Sulphur Springs, Va. 24th. Gen. Sheridan directed the forcible removal of the Indians to their reservations; all commercial or friendly intercourse with them was forbidden.-Civil conflict in three counties in Arkansas. 25th. The American yacht Sappho was beaten in the match sailing round the Isle of Wight, by British yachts. 26th. Gen. Grant issued instructions to the Southern commanders relative to the military aid to be given to the civil authorities.-The Arrapahoes committed depredations in Colorado. -Gov. Hall called on Gen. Sheridan for assistance.-The lower house of the Louisiana Legislature prohibited any distinction on account of color or previous condition on the routes of travel, places of entertainment, and of public resort. 31st. Proclamation by the Governor of South Carolina, appealing to the citizens of the state to refrain from and discountenance all demonstrations whereby the public peace may be en-' dangered.-The Texas Constitutional Convention adjourned until first Monday of December.The lower branch of the Tennessee Legislature passed the militia bill.-The Georgia Senate unanimously authorized the Governor to issue a proclamation disbanding armed associations throughout the state.-Beginning of the German Saengerfest at Pittsburgh. September let. Military order of Gen. Buchanan, defining the relations between military and civil officers in Louisiana; the Sheriff has a right, in cases of resistance to his authority, to request the assistance of troops; the military commander must render the assistance if satisfied as to its necessity; otherwise apply for special instructions to head-quarters.-The state election in Vermont resulted in a large majority for the Republican candidate for Governor. 3d. The Georgia House declared negroes ineligible to seats; 25 of the colored members leave the House. 7th. Three horse thieves hanged near Des Moines.-The propeller Hippocampus, en route from St. Joseph to Chicago, foundered and sunk; 38 lives were lost. 8th. Election in Colorado; Republican Delegates to Congress elected.-The Republicans in New Mexico elected Delegate to Congress, and two-thirds of the Legislature.-Prof. Watson, of the Detroit Observatory, announced the discovery of another minor planet, shining like a star of the tenth magnitude.-Fight with the Indians, within two miles of Fort Lyon; 2 Indians and 2 soldiers killed. 9th. The Republican State Convention of Massachusetts nominated William Claflin for Governor.-The Governor of Georgia protested against the expulsion of the colored members of the House; the latter returned the protest with a resolution that the members of each House were to judge of the qualification of its members.-The Chinese Embassy sailed for Europe. o10th. The Lincoln Monument Association adopted the design of the American Sculptor Mead.-The Governor of Georgia issued a proclamation against armed organizations.-A band of Cheyennes invaded the towns of Sheridan and Butler, Kansas. 1 1th. A delegation of the Tennessee Legislature had an interview with the President relative to the shocking state of affairs in that state, brought about by the Ku Klux Klan.-Orders were issued to Gen. G. H. Thomas to state how many additional troops were required to enforce the execution of the laws in Tennessee.-The Tennessee Legislature passed the militia bill. 12th. The President promised the delegates of the Tennessee Legislature to direct Gen. Thomas to furnish whatever military force might be necessary to aid the civil officers in carry 11~0 ~ THE AMNERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. ing out the laws.-The Georgia Senate declared the two colored members ineligible by a vote of 25 to 11. 14th. The Republicans in Maine elected their state ticket (majority over 20,000), and all the members of Congress.-Gen. Rousseau arrived at New Orleans and assumed command of the Department of Louisiana.-The Georgia House of Representatives resolved that the negro members having one-eighth negro blood are ineligible; sixty-nine Republicans refused to vote. 15th. The Oregon Legislature met at Salem.-A band of Indians defeated on the banks of the Big Sandy.-A terrible conflagration raged in the forests of Oregon and California, on both sides of the Columbia river. 16th. The Nevada Union State Convention met at Carson City.-Gov. Brownlow, of Tennessee, issued his proclamation calling for loyal militia to put down the armed conspirators in the State.-The Alabama Legislature met in extra session at Montgomery.-The billiard championship of America was won at Chicago by McDevitt against Dion of Montreal. 17th. The GeorgiaHouse of Representatives passed the bill excluding negroes from the jury. -Indians attacked Government troops under Col. Forsythe, and held them in siege for three days. -Game of Cricket between the All-England Eleven, and twenty-two American players of the St. George's Club, New York, was finished; score-All-England, 185 runs; St. George's, 61 runs. 18th. Gen. Hindman was assassinated at Helena, Arkansas. 19th. The Louisiana Senate passed the House bill prohibiting any personal distinctions in railroad cars, steamboats or in places of public resort.-A republican meeting in Camilla, Georgia, was fired into and broken up; 7 negroes killed, and 30 to 40 wounded.-Reign of terror in Arkansas. 21st. Opening of the second session of the National Labor Congress; a women's delegation was admitted.-The Surratt case was called up in Washington, and a nolle prosequi entered on the first charge.-The two Houses of Congress met; they resolved to adjourn until the 16th of October.-Both Houses of the Alabama Legislature adopted a resolution asking the President to send U.S. troops to that State to aid in preserving the peace.-A joint resolution was passed by the Louisiana hIouse of Representatives, requesting their Senators and Representatives in Congress to propose and support the repeal of the act by which the organization of the militia of the State was prohibited. 22d. The trial of John H. Surratt was resumed at Washington; he pleaded benefit of the Amnesty Proclamation of President Johnson of July 4.-The horse John Stewart trotted 20 miles, drawing his driver and wagon, in 59 m. 23 sec. 23d. Three negroes were admitted to the South Carolina bar.-Surratt's plea was overruled by the court. 24th. Surratt was discharged.-Severe fight on the Delaware Fork between Col. Forsyth and Indians. 28th. Gov. Warmouth's veto of the Negro Equality bill was sustained in the Louisiana House. 29th. Gen. McClellan arrived at New York from Europe. October 1st. Great mass meeting of the "Boys in Blue" in Philadelphia. 2d. Great floods in Arizona. 5th. Grand Democratic demonstration in New York.-The corner stone of the new Illinois State-House was laid at Springfield. 6th. Political riots in Pittsburg.-The New York State Colored Men's Convention was held at Utica.-The propeller Perseverance was burned 15 miles off Putneyville, on Lake Ontario; 14 persons perished in the flames. 7th. The Indian Peace Commission met at Chicago. 10th. Ku Klux Klan disturbances in Arkansas. 12th. President Johnson issued a proclamation appointing Nov. 26th as a day of National Thanksgiving and Prayer. 13th. The election in Pennsylvania resulted in a Republican majority of 9,677; that in Ohio in a Republican majority of 17,388; the one in Indiana in a Republican majority of 961.-Tha election in Nebraska was carried by the Republicans. 14th. An old man, named Mapes, living in Cooper County, Mo., was murdered by his wife and two men; after their arrest, the men were hung by a mob. 15th. A steamer, conveying State arms belonging to Arkansas, from Memphis to Little Rock, was seized by a band of disguised men, and the arms thrown into the river., 16th. Congress met and adjourned to Nov. O10th.-The negro preacher, Randolph, member of the South Carolina Senate, was shot down at Cokesville. RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 17th. The Sheriff and Parish Judge of St. Mary's Parish, Louisiana, were assassinated at Franklin.-Troops, in small numbers, were ordered to various points in the South. 18th. The Oregon Legislature adopted a resolution withdrawing the consent of the State to the adoption of the 14th amendment. 19th. The New York "World'" suggested the withdrawal of Frank Blair. 21st. A number of serious earthquakes occurred in California; several lives were lost and much property destroyed.-The statue of Gen. Sedgwvick was unveiled at West Point. 22d. State election in West Virginia; it was carried by the Republicans. 23d. James Hind, member of Congress of Arkansas, was assassinated in Monroe County. Great political riot at Carrollton, La.-Another shock of an earthquake at San Francisco.-On the Hudson River railroad, near Greenbush, three passenger cars were thrown from the track and smashed; two persons were killed and 40 injured. 24th. Fight between white and black political clubs in New Orleans; 8 persons were killed, and many wounded. 25th. Riot in St. Bernard, near New Orleans.-Col. Carpenter routed the Cheyennes and Arrapahoes at Buffalo Station, Kansas.-Another fight at Shortness Creek. 26th. Gov. Warmouth, of Louisiana, applied to Gen. Rousseau to take charge of the parishes of Orleans, Jefferson, and St. Bernard, and keep the peace.-Gen. Schofield, Secretary of War, authorized Gen. Rousseau to take such action as might be necessary to preserve peace and good order, and to protect the lives and property of the citizens.-Gen. Rousseau appointed Gen. Steadman Chief of Police. 30th. Five desperadoes were hung near Gelner, Nebraska, by a Vigilance Committee. November 1st. A train on the Union Pacific railroad was captured by the Indians, and destroyed. 2d. Severe gales on the Northern Lakes; several vessels were destroyed. 3d. Gen. Grant was elected President of the United States.-Speaker Colfax was elected Vice President. 4th. The Widows' Home, at Mount Auburn, near Cincinnati, was burned. 5th. Two thousand stand of arms, in transit by railroad from Jacksonville to Tallahassee, were seized near Madison, by a party of unknown persons.-Gen. Canby was directed by the President to relieve Gen. Reynolds of the command of the district of Texas.-Gen. Wallace suc ceeded Gen. Canby in command of the Department of Washington.-The railroad bridge across the Mississippi, at Quincy, was finished and tested.-The corner stone of the Lunatic Asylum was laid at Athens, Ohio. 6th. The statement of the public debt showed a decrease, during October, of $7,514,166.-The President published, in a proclamation, the text of an extradition treaty with Italy.-Gov. Reed, of Florida, was impeached for high crimes and misdemeanors.-Earthquake shocks in San Francisco.-S. Thurlow, a prominent Republican, was shot at Huntsville, Ala.-Gov. Reed, of Florida, declared the Legislature of that State to be an illegal body.-Confiict of authority between him and Lieut. Gov. Gleason.-Conclusion of a naturalization treaty with Bavaria. 9th. Gov. Clayton, of Arkansas, authorized the raising of 60,000 militia in the State, to quell serious political troubles.-Ratification of treaties with Kansas Indians.-Admiral Farragut arrived in New York.-Gen. Read, of Kentucky, committed suicide at Louisville. 10th. Both Houses of Congress met and at once adjourned.-England and the United States agreed to submit the Alabama affair to arbitration. 11 th. The Fox and Wisconsin Rivers Improvement Convention met at Prairie du Chien. 1 3th. Great meteoric display. 14th. Two ferry boats on the East River collided, killing five and seriously injuring 21 persons.-The steamer Matanzas was destroyed by fire while at sea, off Cape Hatteras. 15th. Large fire in St. Louis; loss $400,000. 16th. Gen. Sheridan left Fort Hays for the Canadian river, to assume command against the Indians who had about 7,000 warriors.-The steamer J. N. McCullough sunk near Madison, Indiana. 18th. The Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, at Columbus, was burned; several patients were burned or smothered to death. 19th. Gen. McMahon, Minister to Paraguay, received instructions to proceed to Asuncion with Rear Admiral Davis and a naval squadron, and redress the wrongs committed by Lopez on American citizens.-The Hellespont was wrecked on the California coast; 12 lives lost. 20th. Gen, Sherman strongly recommended the transfer of the Indian Bureau to the War Department.-Red Cloud, and other prominent Indian Chiefs, signed a treaty of peace with the United States.-Confiicts between the Government troops and the Ku Klux, in Arkansas. The 1869.] 751 752 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. latter were worsted at Centre Point, Sevier County.-The office of the Iliad, (a Republican paper), at Homer, La., was mobbed and destroyed.-Reports of discoveries of silver ore in the White Pine region of Nevada. 23d. Gen. Howard issued an order providing for the discontinuance of the Freedmen's Bnreau after Jan. 1st, with the exception of the educational department, and the collection of money due to soldiers. 24th. Editor Pollard, of Richmond, shot and instantly killed.-The Legislatures of South Carolina and Arkansas assembled. 25th. The steamship Hibernia foundered off the Irish coast.-Chief Justice Chase ordered that the test-oath for Grand Jurors be dispensed with.-The Governor of Arkansas declared martial law in several counties. 26th. National Thanksgiving day throughout the United States. 27th. Gen. Ctstar fought and defeated the Cheyemnnes under Black Kettle, on the north fork of the Wachita river.-The Fenian Congress met in Philadelphia.-Serious depredations of the Indians in Arizona. December 1st. Burning of Fort La Fayette. 2d. Loretta, a small town in California, was destroyed by earthquake. 4th. The Alabama Senate made the wearing of disguises and masks by any number of men, a crime punishable by fine and imprisonment.-Meeting of the National Board of Trade in Cincinnati. 5th. Terrible collision of the two steamers United States and America on the Ohio, 64 miles below Cincinnati, with a loss of 72 lives; both boats were burned. 6th. Ku Klux outrages in Tennessee. 7th. Beginning of the third session of the Fortieth Congress.-The House adopted a resolution relative to amendments to the naturalization laws, by 125 votes to 32.-Heavy snow storm all over the country. 8th. The House passed by 105 to 51, the bill regulating the duties on imported copper and copper ores; also a bill providing for the transfer of the Indian Bureau from the Department of the Interior to the War Department, by 116 to 33.-Outrages of the Ku Klux in West Tennessee. 9th. The House, by a vote of 125 to 38, laid the President's Message on the table and ordered it to be printed. It also passed the Virginia Election bill. 11 th. Express robbers were hung in the New Albany jail, Indiana, by a band of regulators from Seymour. 13th. A lady was admitted as a law student in a St. Louis college. 14th. The House agreed to a resolution to sustain the public credit, and denounced all forms of repudiation.-The Supreme Court of Florida rendered judgment denying the claims of Lieutenant Governor Gleason. 15th. President Johnson's views on the National Debt denounced in the U.S. Senate. 16th. The House passed the bill repealing the act prohibiting the organization of militia in all the reconstructed States except Georgia.-A resolution was passed by 123 to 27, allowing women in the Government employ the wages of men for the same work.-Four companies of militia entered the town of Lewisburg, Ark., and set fire to two warehouses. 17th. The Senate adopted by 42 to 6, a resolution disapproving the President's financial recommendation.-Fight in Arkansas between citizens and militia. 18th. The Senate passed a resolution of sympathy with Spain, by a vote of 41 to 5. 21st. Congress adjourned to January 5. 22d. Two pickpockets were taken from a train near Memphis, and hung to a tree.-A Woman's Suffrage Convention was held at Concord, N. H. 23d. The U. S. authorities confiscated a distillery in Boston, worth $150,000.-Ku Klux Klan outrages in Tennessee. 24th. Extensive Ku Klux depredations in Kentucky. 25th. President Johnson issued a Universal Amnesty proclamation.-Secretary Welles accepted the transfer of League Island, by the city of Philadelphia to the Governlmenlt, for a navy yard. 26th. Destructive fire at Lynn, Mass.-The office of the "Register," at Marksville, La., was totally destroyed by a mob. 29th. Mosby Clark, an old revolutionary soldier, died at Richmond, Va., at the age of 121 years. 30th. The Dakota House of Representatives voted in favor of female suffrage.-Gen. Sheridan captured the Indian Chiefs Santanta and Lone Wolf. RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. FOREIGN STATES-AMERICA. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. January. Rosario, on the Parana River, in rebellion against the authority of President Mitre, declared for Gen. Urquiza.-The cholera subsided in Buenos Ayres. February. The State of Entrerios joined Rosario in the revolt. June. Sarmiento elected President. August 13th. Terrible storm in Buenos Ayres, attended with great loss of life; numerous vessels sunk in the harbor.-The Senate passed a bill making Rosario the capital. October 18th. Sarmiento inaugurated as President; he urges education, internal improvements, and a prosecution of the war with Paraguay. November. The insurrection in Corrientes was suppressed.-President Sarmiento released all the Paraguayan prisoners of war in Buenos Ayres. December. On the overthrow of Lopez, the Gran Chaco was fully incorporated into the Argentine Republic. BRAZIL. January. A general conscription was ordered to provide reinforcements for the army on the Rio Parana. May 9th. Opening of the Parliament by the Emperor. July 11 th. A conservative cabinet was formed; the Parliament opposing it by 85 votes to 10, it was dissolved.-Gen. Webb demanded that the steamer Wasp be permitted to ascend the river to Asuncion.-The Ministry resolved upon a vigorous prosecution of the war in Paraguay, and refused all offers of mediation. CENTRAL AMERICA. February. Severe earthquakes at La Union, in Nicaragua. 21st. The port, of Amapola, in Guatemala, was opened to foreign commerce for twenty years. April. The government of San Salvador concluded a treaty of extradition with Italy, and a treaty of peace and commerce with Nicaragua. August. The government of Nicaragua concluded a treaty with the United States. November. President Castro, of Costa Rica was quietly deposed by Generals Salazar and Blanco.Jesus Jimenez, the First Vice President, was made Provisional President.-The Legation of Nicaragua in the United States was suppressed.-Francisco Duefas was elected President of San Salvador. 29th. The House of Representatives of Guatemala convened. CHILI. May. The free trade treaty with the Argentine Confederation was rescinded. June. A contract was entered into for the introduction of German colonists into Chili.Completion of the fortifications of Valparaiso. August. Imprisonment for debt was abolished.-Severe earthquake at Copiapo.-Several volcanoes in the South were in active operation. October 24th. Fifty persons lost by a tornado. November. The Chamber of Deputies adopted impeachment charges against the Supreme Court. COLOMBIA.-UNITED STATES OF February. Congress proclaimed Santos Gutierrez President of the Republic. March 24th. The revolutionary party in Tolima was defeated.-Trial of the murderers of the officers of the R. R. Cuyler, in Carthagena. 26Sth. Fire in the depot of the Panama Railroad, at Aspinwall; loss $200,000.-The Government granted a railroad concession to an American company. May. Great poverty throughout the republic. July. Dr. Amador (conservative) was elected President of the State of Panama.-A revolution broke out.-The acting President was arrested.-Gen. Ponce, commander of the State troops, was inaugurated Provisional President.-A force was sent to arrest Amador.-A decree of the Provisional President declared the Isthmus in a state of war, suspended constitutional 48 1869.] 753 guarantees, and stopped the transit of the Rio Grande.-The Provisional President, defeated the conservatives at Veraguas and Chiriqui. August. Gen. Ponce, returned from the interior and immediately issued a decree abolishing martial law and convoking a constitutional assembly. 29th. Another revolution broke out in Panama.-Gen. Correoso, during the absence of President Ponce, took military possession of the city.-Ponce resigned.-Correoso proclaimed himself Provisional President and formed a new Cabinet. September. The Panama Constitutional Assembly assumed the sovereignty until a new constitution could be formed, delegating the executive powers, in the mean time, to the acting President, Correoso. October 10Oth. J. Gutierrez Vergara, President of the State of Cundinamarca, pronounced against the Federal Government.-The President of the Republic called out the National troops and captured the rebels. November 12th. President Correoso met Gen. Obaldia, commander-in-chief of the conservative forces of Panama, with his insurrectionary forces, near Santiago, and completely routed them.-The National Supreme Court, at Bogota, ordered the release of President Gutierrez Vergara.-The President of the Republic refused to do it.-Several States protested against his action. 16th. Fearful earthquake at Panama. December. Correoso was re-elected President of Panama.-Bogota under martial law. ECUADOR. January 13th. Doctor Xavier Espinosa was elected President of the Republic.-Congress assembled. August 13th. An earthquake destroyed the towns of Ibarra, San Pablo, Quitumbita, Atuntaqui, Imantad, Cotocachi, Otovola, and other villages.-Great injury done to the buildings in Quito. The lives lost were estimated at 80,000. EHAYTI. January 16th. Salnave refused to permit any more French clergymen to enter the island. February 5th. Salnave was defeated by the Cacos. 22d. Salnave was defeated near Cape Haytien.-Gen. Salomon proclaimed President. March 9th. Battle at Savanna-la-Grande.-The Cacos were routed.-The national troops in possession of Fort Liberte.-A general amnesty was proclaimed. April. The Cacos defeated the government troops and retook several towns. May. Gen. Nissage-Saget took Fort Diamant and the city of St. Marc, and proclaimed Geffrard President of the Republic.-The northern part of Hayti was in the possession of the Cacos.-Salnave defeated the Cacos near Port-au-Prince, and shut himself up in the place. June. The Cacos besieged Salnave in Port-au-Prince.-Salnave defeated the rebels in a desperate engagement outside Port-au-Prince.-Faubert and Nissage joined the besieging party with their forces.-Faubert attacked the fort outside the city for four days.-The Haytien manof-war, Liberte, joined the revolutionists. July. Salnave defeated by the insurgents at Port Rouge, but he still held Port-au-Prince.The Piquets were defeated at Baynet. August. Cape Haytien surrounded by the insurgents, and communication with the interior cut off.-Port-au-Prince closed in on the land side.-Gen. Lynch took supreme command of the insurgents.-Salnave again defeated and acted on the defensive.-He enforced a loan of $200,000. -The rebel war ship, Liberte, blockaded Gonaives.-A reconciliation took place between Sal. nave and the British Minister. September. The siege of Port-au-Prince was raised, Gen. Faubert being short of ammunition.-He retired to St. Marc.-The Cacos again concentrated their forces.-Port-au-Prince, Cape Haytien, Gonaives, and Port de Paix, were opened to foreign commerce. October. The Hiaytien man-of-war, Galatea, attacked the rebel cruisers, Sylvain and Libert6, at Petit-Goane. The Sylvian was sunk, and the Liberte burned by her own crew.-Dissensions: among the insurgents.-Generals Dominguez, Saget, and Rebecca, each declared President by their troops.-The towns of Petit-Goane, Desaline, and Jeremie, in possession of Gen. Salnave. November. Salnave commenced the bombardment of Jeremie.-Jacmel was surrounded by 2,000 Piquets.-Salnave was defeated at Jeremie.-Cape Haytien vigorously attacked by the insurgents.-A regular government was installed under President Nissage Saget, at St. Marc, in the lh, andGen. Dominguez in the South.-Salnave was repulsed at Miragoane.-The num THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 754 [1869. RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. ber of revolutionists increasing.-Blockades were maintained at St. Marc, Miragoane, Aux Cayes and Jeremie. 30th. Miragoane was taken by Salnave. December. Effective blockade of St. Marc.-Five coasters, loaded with supplies for the rebels, were captured by the Haytien gunboat Pdtion. 9th, The garrison at Jacmel repulsed an attack; both parties suffered severely. MEXICO. January. Serious revolution in Yucatan. The Government issued an order banishing from the country all persons who had been tried and convicted of taking part in the late war against the Republic.-The extraordinary powers surrendered by President Juarez to Congress, were again authorized by Congress, for a limited time, in view of the Yucatan insurrection. 19th. A Mexican fleet arrived before Campeche and disembarked 2,000 troops.-They imme diately marched upon Sisal. 21st. Revolt in Sonora.-The town of Mazatlan threatened by rebels.-Manuel Aspiroz was appointed Minister of the Interior, and of Foreign Affairs, and Matias Romero, Minister of Finances.-The revolutionary attempts in Yucatan were suppressed. February 1st. The national troops under Gen. Allatorre defeated the insurgents in Yucatan, in a two days' fight.-Diaz and Escobedo offered their resignation.-A revolution was being organized in Puebla, in the interest of Ortega. 12th. The Government declared Puerto Angelo, on the Pacific coast, a port of entriy for foreign and coasting commerce. 19th. A plot to assassinate President Juarez, and to rob the treasury, was discovered.Battle between Ruba and Martinez, near Mazatlan; Ruba was routed.-War between Alvarez and Jimenez, on the West coast. March 15th. The revolution in Sinaloa was gaining ground.-A forced loan was levied in Mazatlan.-The State of Tamaulipas expelled foreigners. April 1st. Congress assembled.-Foreigners serving under the empire were permitted to remain, on proof of their following an honorable calling. 13th. Gen. Negrete was defeated. May. Gen. Jimenez submitted to the Government.-Rivera pronounced against the Government, and took possession of the mountain fastnesses of Ajusco.-Similar pronunciamentos were made in other parts of the country.-One band in Queretaro proclaimed in favor of Santa Anna.-Escobedo and Cortina marched against them. June. Ignacio Mariscal was appointed Minister of Justice.-The British man-of-war, Chanticleer, blockaded the port of Mazatlan, and was only prevented from bombarding it by the united efforts of the foreign consuls. July. Conclusion of Treaties with the United States, (see Dec. 10).-Cortina routed Flores.Capt. Briggs, of the English man-of-war Chanticleer, was ordered by the Admiral to re-open the port of Mazatlan immediately, and proceed to Panama.-End of the campaign against Mar|inoz.-Close of the Congress.-Dominguez pronounced against the Government in the State of Vera Cr'iz.-Ortega was released. August. Gen. Escobedo attacked and defeated two bodies of insurgents near Queretaro.Alatorre defeated by Negrete.-Cortina refused to join in Negrete's rebellion.-Alatorre retreated towards Vera Cruz.-A tidal wave in Lower California. The tide rose upwards of 60 feet. 23d. Assassination of Gen. Patoni. September 7th. The Puebla rebellion put down.-The President ordered the arrest and trial of Gen. Cauto, for the assassination of Patoni.-Ortega issued a manifesto renouncing all claims to the Presidency. October. Bands of guerillas in the State of Guerrero.-Gen. Uraga banished from the Republic. November. A storm, lasting three days, passed over the northwest, causing considerable damage and loss of life. Alamos, a city of 7,000 inhabitants, in Sonora, and several smaller towns in Lower California, were destroyed.-Revolution in Nueva Leon. December. Great floods; the towns of Comaticalico and Parasso were entirely destroyed; the towns of Cardenas and Cunduacar, suffered greatly.-Coahuila was made a sovereign State. 10th. President Juarez received U. S. Minister Rosecrans.-The rebels in Tamaulipas offered to surrender to Escobedo, but their terms were refused.-Congress ratified the treaty with the United States for the settlement of the claims in both countries, and also for the recognition of the rights of naturalized citizens. 20th Terrible earthquake in Colima. 1869.] 755 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK ANI REGISTER. PARAGUAY. January. The allies were reinforced and pressed the siege of Humaita. February. The Argentine General, Mitre, yielded the command of the armies allied against Paraguay to the Brazilian Marshal Caxias. 1 7th. Three monitors of the allies passed Culupaity. 18th. The allied armies of Brasil, Uruguay, and the Argentine Confederation, took one of the outposts of the fortress Humaita. The works were demolished; loss of the Paraguayans stated to be 1,600 men. 19th. Six iron-clads of the allies forced a passage at Humaita, with a loss of 600 on each side. March 2d. Forty-eight Paraguayan boats, carrying 1,200 men, were repulsed in their attempt to board the Brazilian iron-clads in the Parana, above Humaita. 2 1st. The Brazilians took the retrenchments of Tuyuti. 23d. Curupaity, abandoned by the Paraguayans, was occupied by the Brazilian troops.Lopez held the mouth of the Tibicuary river. May. Combined attack on the rear of Lopez's position at Humaita; it was repulsed by the Paraguayans, after a desperate battle.-The allies commenced the process of starving out the garrison at Humaita. June 20th. Beginning of the difficulty between Mr. Washburn, the Ambassador of the United States, and the Paraguayan government.-Gumecindo Benitez, Minister of Foreign Affairs, inquired why certain foreigners charged with conspiracy against President Lopez, were sheltered in the Legation of the United States. 27th. Benitez demanded that the Portuguese Pereira be delivered up by Mr. Washburn to the police officers. July 9th. Battle on the Parana, between Paraguayan boats and two iron-clads.-The Paraguayan crews boarded the ships, but were driven off by the fire from fort Tayi. 10th. The Brazilian forces under Gen. Osorio were repulsed by the Paraguayans near Hlu maitfa; loss of the allies 1,000 men. 13th. Minister Benitez demanded the dismissal from the Legation of the United States of Porter Cornelius Bliss, an American, and George Masterman, an Englishman. 14th. Mr. Washburn declined to deliver up Messrs. Bliss and Masterman, and demanded his passports. 18th. The allies attacked a two-gun battery at Humaita, and were repulsed with a loss of 1,000 men. 23d. Minister Benitez demanded the immediate delivery of a sealed packet of communica tions received by Mr. Washburn from Jose Berges, ex-Minister of Foreign Affairs; Mr. Wash burn denied having received such a package. 25th. The fortress Humaita was abandoned.-The allies took possession of it.-The rem nant of the garrison, on its retreat towards Timbo, was surrounded, and it surrendered, 1,328 in number, after ten days' desperate struggle.-Three Brazilian ironclads passed the batteries on the river Parana, and joined the fleet in the bombardment of Lopez's position. 31 st. Mr. Washburn charged by Minister Benitez with conspiracy with ex-Minister Berges against President Lopez. August 3d. The accusation of conspiracy indignantly denied by Mr. Washburn.-The allied forces threatened the Paraguayans' position at Timbo.-Lopez, with 12,000 fighting men, was at the mouth of the Tibicuary; subsequently compelled to retire. September. Lopez fortified Villeta and Angostura.-Mr. Washburn embarked on board the United States war steamer Wasp.-Arrest of Messrs. Bliss and Masterman.-The Para guayans attacked the allied army before Angostura; they were repulsed.-Lopez shot his two brothers.-A column of 12,000 allied troops was sent across the Gran Chaco to flank the Para guayan position at Villeta. 24th. Battle at Villeta; the allied land forces repulsed.-Brazilian iron-clads go above An gostura. November 15th. The allied forces under Caxias attacked Villeta, and were unsuccessful. December. Arrival of the new Ambassador of the United States, Gen. McMahon, ac companied by Admiral Davis and several gunboats, at Asuncion; he was received by President Lopez, who had established his headquarters at Luque.-Messrs. Bliss and Masterman were released by President Lopez, to Admiral Davis, on condition that they be tried in the United States.-Lopez's army was routed at Villeta and the town taken.-The allied fleet on its way to Asuncion.-Lopez fled with 500 cavalry.-The remnant of his army shut up in Angostura. Severe fighting at Angostura and Lomas Valentinas, beginning on Dec. 21, and ending on Dec. 26, with total defeat of Lopez, and entry of allies into Asuncion. [1869. 756 RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. PERU. Jainuary. The forces under Col. Corneja, sent by Prado against Col. Legura, were routed by the latter.-Callao pronounced against Prado, who retired to Lima after a disastrous defeat before Arequipa. 6th. Insurrection at Lima; it was suppressed by the troops of the Government. 7th. The national forces under Col. Corneja were again defeated, before Chiclayo, by Col. Balta.-Prado resigned.-The people of Lima proclaimed the constitution of 1860.-Gen. La Puerta published a decree appointing the Grand Marshal, La Fuente, President of the Council and Chief of the Executive power.-Fighting in the streets of Lima in the night of the 7th to 8th. 8th. All the troops at Lima and the squadron at Callao pronounced in favor of the new state of things; quiet was restored.-The whole country was under the control of the revolutionists under Canseco. 10oth. Col. Prado embarked at Callao for Chili. 13th. A proclamation confirmed the treaty concluded by Pezet with Spain, declared the alliance with Chili, Bolivia and Ecuador dissolved, and annulled all the engagements entered into by Prado.-Canseco organized a government and ordered an election for President. 22d. Balta announced his determination to support Gen. Canseco as Provisional President.-One hundred of Canseco's men were killed by the explosion of Prado's powder magazine. March 14th. A plot to reinstate Prado was discovered among the soldiery; the leadera were imprisoned.-The guano companies agreed to advance $12,000,000 to the government.Yellow fever in Lima and Callao. May. Yellow fever raged in Lima. July 28th. The Congress met. August 1st. Col. Balta took the oath of office as President. 13th. Terrible earthquake; the towns of Arequipa, Arica, Iquique, Moquegia, Locnmra and numerous other smaller towns were entirely destroyed; 300 lives were lost in Arequipa, 500 in Arica, 600 in Iquique, and about 400 in the other towns, by the crushing of houses and the rising of the sea. The U.S. ship Fredonia was dashed to pieces at Arica and all her crew lost; the man-of-war Wateree was carried half a mile inland by a tidal wave. November. Difficulties between President Balta and Congress.-The small pox raged severely in Lima and Callao.-Shocks of earthquake in Arica and Arequipa. December. All the inland waters were declared free to vessels of all classes and countries. SAN DOMINGO. January. The insurrection was gaining ground.-General Baez proclaimed President.Hungria acting provisionally as President. February 10th. President Cabral fled with his Cabinet.-The southern forces entered the capital.-30 deaths a day by cholera in St. Domingo City. March 3d. A counter revolution broke out in several provinces under the lead of Gen. Morena and Castillo.-Wide spread disaffection against Baez's government. April. General Baez, having repulsed the insurgents, seized the capital without any strutggle, reestablished the military authority and took the oath as President of the Republic.-The Congress assembled to modify the Constitution, resolved to make Samana a free port and a neutral postal and telegraph station common to all nations. May 2d. The new President Baez was inaugurated and he appointed his Ministry.-General Luperon, partisan of President Cabral, headed an insurrection against President Baez.-Baez banished and persecuted all the eminent men who did not support his administration. June. Polanco headed another insurrection against President Baez.-The Constitutional Convention named Baez Dictator, but he declined the honor. July. Outbreak of another revolution.-A body of President Baez's troops defeated by the revolutionsts, at Saybo.-The reinforcements ordered to Saybo refused to embark. 25th. Ogando, the revolutionary leader, and Gen. Cabral within three miles of Azua. August. The whole country in revolt against Baez. November. The insurgents in the north proclaimed for Luperon.-The forces under Ogando were scattered. December. Gen. Ogando was joined by other revolutionary chiefs.-Cabral defeated Baez's troops at Guayubin.-The insurgents at Las Matas were defeated by Baez's troops.-Gen. Adzu crossed the frontier and joined Gen. Ogando's rebel forces. 757 1869.] 768 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. URUGUAY. February 9th. Revolution against Gen. Venancio Flores, Provisional Governor; it was directed by his son, Col. Fortunato Flores.-The foreign fleet sided with the Governor.-Order was restored and F. Flores banished. 15th. Opening of Parliament in whose hands Gen. Venancio Flores replaced the power he had exercised for three years.-The supreme authority was temporarily confided to P. Varela, President of the Senate. 19th. New revolt; the former provisional Governor, V. Flores, was assassinated at Montevideo; his murderers were immediately shot, and order was restored.-Manuel Flores was appointed Provisional President, Col. E. Bustamente was appointed Minister of War and Navy, E. Regunaga Minister of Justice, H. Varela Minister of the Interior and of Foreign Affairs. 22d. Sudden death of the Provisional President, Manuel Flores. 27th. The Ministers Regunaga and Bustamente resigned; H. Varela was charged with the three Ministries of Justice, of Foreign Affairs and of the Interior, and of War and Navy. March 1st. Gen. Battle was unanimously elected President of the Republic. VENEZUELA. January. The insurgents were forced to retire on Guarico.-A new Ministry was formed. March. The rebels besieged Caracas. April 8th. The national troops gained a decisive victory. 18th. The ministers resigned. May. Compromise between the belligerents, by which the existing government was acknowledged. June 22d-26th. Revolution: the insurgents defeated the troops of the government near Caracas on the 22d.-Gen. Monagas demanded the surrender of Caracas; the insurgents penetrated into the city on the same day and the following.-The troops of the government surrendered on the 26th, after having fought for 75 hours in the streets and houses.-President Falcon was compelled to flee from the country.-Monagas, the leader of the revolutionary forces, proclaimed a new government, which was recognized by the foreign representatives. July. The adherents of the late President Falcon concentrated at Puerto Cabello; the new President, Monagas, marched against them; he effected important reforms in the government. August. The Bolivar and the Mariscal blockaded La Guayra. 15th. Puerto Cabello surrendered to Monagas.-Several Pronunciamentos. October. Presidential election.-Galan defeated at Coro. November 18th. Death of President Monagas. December. Pulgar was confirmed as Provisional President. EUROPE. AUSTRIA. January 1st. The Government forbade recruitments for the Papal Army in the Empire. 15th. Arrival at Triest of Admiral Tegetthoff, in the frigate Novara, with the remains of Emperor Maximilian. February 1st. Prince Colloredo-Mansfeld was appointed President of the House of the Lords. 5th. Arrival of the Emperor and the Empress at Pesth. 20th. The Government officially warned the clergy against fomenting dissent. March 2d. Admiral Tegetthoff appointed Commander-in-chief of the Austrian fleets. 8th. Return of the Emperor to Vienna. 12th. The Chamber of Deputies adopted a decree abolishing the Council of State. 16th. Dr. Giskra, the Minister of the Interior, declared that the government contemplated the strengthening of the autonomy of the different countries of the Empire, and the carrying out of a system of decentralisation. 23d. The Upper House adopted, almost unanimously, (17 votes dissenting) the new law on marriage, in opposition to the Concordat. 24th. Vienna was illuminated amidst general rejoicing, on account of the virtual repeal of the Concordat with Rome. 26th. The Chamber of Deputies adopted the civil marriage bill with the modifications proposed by the Upper House. 1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 759 April 1st. The Reichsrath passed the bill for a general system of education by public schools. 22d. Conclusion of a treaty of Commerce with Great Britain. 29th. The Upper House adopted the decree abolishing the Council of State. 30th. The Upper House adopted the law abolishing imprisonment for debts in the form proposed by the Chamber of Deputies. May 1st. The treaty of Commerce with Great Britain was signed. 12th. The bill guaranteeing the right of trial by jury passed the lower House of the Austrian Reichsrath. 15th. The Chamber of Deputies adopted the Austro-German treaty of Commerce. July 5th. The Government furloughed 36,000 troops.-The Prime Minister, von Beust, declared the intermeddling of the Pope with the domestic legislation of Austria a violation of the independence and dignity of the Empire. 20th. Conclusion of the meeting of a European Telegraph Conference at Vienna.-erious political riots at Prague. August 8th. The Hungarian Assembly passed the Army bill with 192 votes to 83, and the Militia and Recruiting bills with a very large majority.-A strict non-intervention in German affairs was announced.-The official reports exhibited a great improvement in the financial affairs of the Empire.-The Hungarian Army was reorganized under native commanders.-Austria forbade the transit of firearms from the Empire across the Danube. 22d. The Diets were opened in all the crownlands. October 1 9th. The Austrian Reichsrath met at Vienna. November 12th. The Austrian Reichsrath adopted the Army bill, by 118 votes against 39, by which the army was to be increased to the strength of 800,000 men on the war footing for ten years. 16th. 5,000 workingmen assembled and protested against the new army law. 25th. The Croatian Deputies were admitted to seats in the Hungarian Diet.-An Austrian fleet started on an expedition around the world. December. Baron von Beust was created Count by the Emperor.-Appointment of a minister for Croatia in the Hungarian Cabinet. 10th. The Hungarian Diet closed with a speech from the Emperor. BELGIUM. January 4th. Appointment of a new Ministry. February. Conclusion, at Berlin, of a postal treaty with North Germany. March 14th. The House of Representatives adopted, by 69 votes against 39, the project of the army reorganization. 25th-29th. Tumults in the neighborhood of Charleroi.-Fight between the troops and the miners. April 2d. The Senate adopted, by 40 votes against 10, the project of the army reorganization. 30th. Death of Count Le Hon, at Paris, former member of the National Assembly in 1830. May 2d. Exchange of the ratifications of the postal treaty with North Germany. August 10th. 51 persons killed by a colliery explosion. Sptember 6th. Meeting of the International Convention of Workingmen of Europe.It discussed the diminution of the hours of labor, education, establishment of credit and coSperative societies, councils of arbitration instead of strikes, and trade societies. November 10th. Opening of the Diet. DENMARK. January 30th. The Landsthing adopted unanimously the treaty concerning the sale of the islands of St. Thomas and St. John. February 2d. The King signed this treaty. March 3d. Bishop Kierkegaard, Minister of Public Worship, resigned. April 1st. Denmark asked the cession of Alsen and Duppel from Germany, but Prussia gave a decided refusal. 6th. The Folksthing adopted, by 50 votes against 25, an address demanding the union of the Ministries of War and the Navy. 9th. Signing, at Copenhagen, of the postal treaty with North Germany. 28th. The Landsthing adopted, by 53 votes against 7, the law on free municipalities. July. Violent shocks of earthquake in St. Thomas. 760 THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. August 12th. Departure of the Danish Royal Family from Copenhagen on a visit to Russia. October 6th. The Government reconsidered and postponed for one year the time for the ratification of the treaty with the United States for the sale of St. Thomas' and St. John's islands. FRANCE. January 1st. Napoleon received the Prussian Minister to France, Baron von Goltz, as Ambassador of the North German Confederation.-The Government urged the Chamber to pass the bill for the reorganization and increase of the army. 14th. The Legislative Body passed the Army Reorganization bill by 190 votes against 60; by this bill every Frenchman is obliged to serve in the National Guard.-Ten of the public news papers of Paris were fined 1,000 francs each, for printing unlawful reports of the proceedings of the Corps Legislatif. 22d. Conclusion of a postal treaty with the Netherlands.-The people regarded the new army bill with great disfavor. February 4th. The new military law received the Imperial sanction. 9th. France consented to expel the Hanoverian political refugees from her soil. 14th. The treaty of Customs between France, Prussia and Mecklenburg signed. 15th. Exchange of the ratification of this treaty.-The French army was rapidly reorganized under the new law. 18th. Napoleon accredited a new Minister to Japan. 21st. Conclusion of a treaty between France and Italy concerning the French inhabiting Italy and the Italians inhabiting France.-The Legislative body rejected, by a vote of 155 to 67, an amendment to the Press Law, providing for the publication of a full report of the proceedings of that body. March 3d. The organization of the National Guard Corps was completed. 9th. The Legislative Body adopted, by 242 votes against 1, the Press Law, and by 230 votes against 12, a law on the contingent. 24th. Emeutes occurred at Bordeaux, Lyons, Marseilles and other towns on account of the new army bill. 25th. The Legislative Body adopted, by 209 votes against 22, a law on the right of assembling. April 2d. The Senate adopted 4 laws concerning the reorganization of the army.-At the end of the month, the French charge d'affaires and consul general at Tunis broke off his diplomatic relations with the government of the Bey. May 6th. The Senate adopted, by 93 votes against 24, the law on the Press. 10th. The Emperor signed the law on the Press.-A mixed commission presided over by a Frenchman was established to regulate the difficulties between France and Tunis. 29th. The Senate adopted the law on the right of assembling by 86 votes against 24. 30th. The disputes with the Bey having terminated, the French charge d'affaires renewed his diplomatic relations with the Tunisian government. 31st. The Emperor visited Rouen and delivered two brief speeches. June 2d. Prince Napoleon left Paris on a visit to Baden. 6th. Visit of Prince Napoleon to Vienna. 21st. He left Pesth for Constantinople. 26th. The Legislative Body adopted, by 210 votes against 13, a motion of the government asking for the increase of the contingent for 1869 to 100,000 men. 30th. The French Legislative opposition objected to the heavy cost of the military force kept in and near Rome. July 19th. The Emperor Napoleon made a pacific speech at Paris.-The Legislative Body passed the war budget.-An imperial decree facilitated the importation of breadstuffs. 28th. The Corps Legislative closed its sessions. 31st. The Senate was prlorogued.-The collection tonnage dues from all vessels entering French ports with cargoes of cereals was suspended for three months; this decree went into effect Oct. 1st. August. Rochefort, editor of "La Lanterne," was condemned to prison for one year and to pay a fine of 10,000 francs. 6th. Queen Victoria reached Paris. 14th. The Emperor reviewed a large body of troops.-Extraor...-ary popularity of the new loan. 31st. A portion of the French troops were recalled from Rome. RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. September 18th. The Emperor and Empress visited the Queen of Spain at St. Sebastian. -Explosion of a cartridge factory at Metz; 40 persons were killed and 110 wounded. October 19th. Duel between Marfori and Rochefort, editor of the "Lanterne;" the latter was badly wounded. November. The Government persecuted all journals having urged subscriptions for a monument of Baudin.-Discovery of a conspiracy. 14th. Death of Rossini, the great composer. 15th. Death of Baron Rothschild. 16th. The office and material of the "Temps" of Paris were seized by the police, and prosecutions commenced against other journals. 28th. Death of the celebrated advocate Berryer.-The editors of the R6veil, Tribune, L'Avenir, Temps and Journal de Paris, were fined and imprisoned for encouraging the Baudin subscriptions. December 1st. Strike of the printers at Paris. 17th. Change in theMinistry. 23d. Napoleon officially received the Spanish Ambassador, Olozaga. 28th. France invited Russia to attend the Eastern Conference. GERMANY. NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION. January 3d. The Duchy of Lauenburg entered into the Zollverein. 8th. The Prussian Diet adopted a series of resolutions taking strong ground in favor of freedom of speech and inviolability of the members of the Diet, by a majority of 30.-The diplomatic representation of the North German Confederation superseded the former Ambassadors of particular States. 18th. The Prussian Diet authorized a railroad loan. February. Conclusion of a postal treaty with Belgium. 2d. Count Bismarck threatened to dissolve the Parliament on the question of voting indemnity to the dethroned monarchs. The demanded supply was voted. 5th. The Italian minister to the North German Confederation was cordially received by the King of Prussia. 17th. Count Bismarck seriously ill. 22d. Conclusion of a treaty between the Confederation and the United States, concerning the nationality of persons emigrating from one of the two countries to the other. 29th. The Prussian Diet adjourned. Speech of the King. March 2d. Confiscation of the property of ex-King George of Hanover. 4th. Convocation of the North German Parliament. 5th. Visit of Prince Napoleon at Berlin. 10th. The Zollverein concluded a commercial treaty with Austria. 23d. Opening of the North German Parliament. Speech of the King of Prussia, in which he refers hopefully to the probable effect of the Amer-can naturalization treaty. 30th. Conclusion of a treaty of commerce and navigation between Spain, the Confederation and the States of the Zollverein not belonging to the Confederacy. Exchange of ratification at Madrid. April 2d. The North German Confederation ratified the naturalization treaty with the United States, the Polish members and a few others voting against it. 8th. Conclusion of a postal treaty between the Confederation and Denmark. 13th. Convocation of the Customs Parliament., 20th. Journey of the Royal Prince of Prussia in Italy.-The North German Parliament instructed Count von Bismarck to enter into negotiations with foreign powers for the purpose of establishing by treaty, the absolute neutrality of private property at sea during time of war. -The Customs Parliament rejected by a decided vote, the address of the Party of National Unity. 23d. Adjourning of the Customs Parliament. Speech of the King of Prussia. 25th. The Saxon Upper House adopted the Jury system. 28th. The abolition of the penalty of death was rejected by the Saxon Upper House and adopted by the Lower. 29th. The Government of North Germany abolished imprisonment for debt. June 17th. The North German Parliament passed the budget for the Confederation. 20th. Adjourning of the North German Parliament. Speech of the King of Prussia. 22d. Journey of the King to Hanover. 1869.1 761 762 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. July. The Government stopped all prosecutions against the adopted citizens of America of German birth. 10th. At a trial of the reaping machines of the world, at Berlin, the English reapers received the international prize. August 11th. The two Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg and the free city of Lubeck joined the Zollverein, which now extends over 39,000,000 inhabitants.-The North German Confederation proposed to reform the laws relative to emigration, by an international negotiation. September. The army was considerably reduced. November 4th. Opening of the Diet by the King. The Upper House elected as its President, Count Stollberg, the Lower, Herr von Forckenbeck. The financial budget showed a deficit of 5,200,000 thalers. 20th. The Diet voted in favor of the entire freedom of debate. The deputies from Schleswig, refusing to take the constitutional oath, were denied seats in the Diet. December 19th. The Upper House of Deputies rejected the resolution guaranteeing immunity from arrest for words spoken in debate. SOUTH GERMAN STATES.-BAVARIA. January 31st. Publication of a military code to operate from February 1, 1868. February 24th. Death of Baron von Pechmann, Minister of the Interior. 28th. Ex-king Louis I. died. March 28th. Tumults at Traunstein (Upper Bavaria) on account of militia matters. 31st. Herr von Hoermann was appointed Minister of the Interior. May 26th. Proclamation of the King at the anniversary of the constitution. He promised to stand by it. 30th. Conclusion of a naturalization treaty with the United States. September 21st. Beginning of the Military Convention of the South German States -at Munich. November 4th. Opening of the Diet. BADEN. February 4th. Death of Mathy, the Minister of State and Finances. 12th. De Jolly was charged with forming a new Cabinet. 13th. The President of the Council, Jolly, announced the formation of the Cabinet, and his political programme. His aim was the unity of Germany. 15th. The Houses adjourned. July. Conclusion of a treaty regarding the mutual protection of the rights of naturalized citizens, with the United States. WURTEMBERG. February. The Chamber of Deputies adopted unanimously, the Jury system. 20th. The Landtag adjourned. Speech of the King. March 16th. Publication of the new Judiciary law. HESSE. June 25th. Inauguration of the Luther Monument at Worms, in the presence of the King of Prussia and other sovereigns. July. The American naturalization treaty was adopted. GREAT BRITAIN. January 9th. Committal of the Feniaps Burke, Casey, Shaw and Mullaney, to Warwick Jail, for trial, on charge of treason. 12th. The steamship Chicago ran ashore in a fog, near Queenstown, Ireland. 14th. Shock of an earthquake felt at St. Andrews, Canada. 17th. G. F. Train arrested at Queenstown, Ireland, by the Government. 18th. Fenians attacked a martello tower near Dungannon, Ireland, and were repulsed.-A number of Fenians were arrested. 24th. Great gales over the united kingdom. 26th. Wide-spread distress in the eastern districts of London. February 1st. A terrific storm prevailed all over England. 3d. A fearfuil snow storm raged over Newfoundland.-The steamer Aurora was sunk at Lachiime, Canada. 10th. Fenian riots and deadly assaults on the police in Cork. 11 th. Death of Sir David Brewster. 1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 763 12th. Terrific storm in Newfoundland.-More disturbances at Cork. 13th. Opening of the Parliament without Royal speech. 14th. The Fenian leader, Lennon, was sentenced in Dublin, to 15 years' imprisonment, with hard labor. 19th. The Commons adopted a bill for the renewal of the suspension of the habeas corpus act in Ireland.-Conviction of Sullivan and Pigot, at Dublin, for seditious libels on the Government. 25th. Count Derby resigned on account of ill health.-Disraeli was charged with the formation of a new cabinet. 28th. The authorities of Ireland were empowered to apprehend or detain, for a limited time, such persons as should be suspected of conspiring against her majesty's person or government.-The Nova Scotia House of Assembly passed resolutions against the Provincial Union, by a vote of 36 to 2. 29th. Fenian treason trials in Sligo, Ireland. March 3L Gen. Nagle was tried for Fenianism by a jury, in Dublin.-G. F. Train was again arrested at Dublin. 5th. Disraeli declared to the Commons that he would continue the policy of Lord Derby, and that his programme was one of peace.-Lord Malmesbury declared the same to the House of Lords. 1 2th. Prince Alfred was wounded in the back by a pistol-shot by the Fenian O'Farrell, at Port Jackson, Australia. 18th. The Disraeli cabinet adjourned the whole plan of Irish reform to the next Parliament. -A great flood washed away ten miles of the Great Western Railroad track, near Chatham, Canada West. 23d. Capt. Mackay sentenced to penal servitude for twelve years.-The House of Commons passed the bill for the abolition of Church rates. 27th. The Fenians Thompson and Mullaney, were convicted for killing the policeman Brett, at Manchester, and were sentenced to imprisonment at hard labor for life. 30th. Mr. Gladstone moved that the House of Commons resolve itself into a committee to consider the Acts relating to the Established Church of Ireland. April 4th. The motion of Lord Stanley to postpone the Irish Church question until the next Parliament, was negatived by 330 to 270 votes.-The House adopted Gladstone's motion, 328 to 272.-The Government proclaimed the adopted son of the Maharadia, of Mysore, successor of the latter. 7th. Thomas D'Arcy McGee was assassinated at Ottawa, Canada.-Enthusiastic meetings of the Liberal party all over England. 8th. Dr. Livingstone was heard from. 12th. Death, at Hatfield House, in Herfordshire, of the Marquis of Salisbury, aged 7 years. 15th. Visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Ireland. 21st. The Commons adopted a motion asking that executions should no longer take place in public.-Death of Gen. Simpson, commander-in-chief of the English army in the Crimea, at the age of 76 years. 27th. Close of the trial of the Fenian prisoners for murder in the Clerkenwell explosion.Barrett only convicted, and sentenced to death; all the others were acquitted. 30th. The Commons adopted, by 330 against 265 votes, the first of Gladstone's resolutions. Conclusion of a treaty of navigation with Austria.-Conviction of Burke and Shaw for felony; the former sentenced to fifteen years', and the latter to seven years' penal servitude. May 4th. Disraeli stated that the Queen refused to receive the resignation of the ministers until an appeal was made to the new constituencies. 9th. Death, at Cannes, France, of Lord Henry Brougham. 10th. No-Popery riots at Ashton-under-Lyne. 11 th. The Capital Punishment within Prisons Bill passed. 14th. The Protestant Bishops of Ireland sent to the Queen an address against the abolition of the Irish Church. 18th. Baxter's motion that in order to avoid increasing the number of members in the House, English boroughs under 5,000 in population be disfranchised, carried by 217 to 196. Bouverie's amendment on the Scotch Reform Bill, to reject the clause requiring payment of rates as a qualification, carried by 118 to 96. 26th. Michael Barrett, convicted of causing the Clerkenwell explosion, was executed at Newgate, London. 764 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. June 1st. Pigot and Sullivan, the Fenian editors, set free by issue of a writ of error. 2d. The Grand Jury in the case of Eyre, late Governor of Jamaica, found no true bill, and the prosecution wvas therefore closed.-Departure of the greater portion of the expeditionary force from Abyssinia. 18th. The Commons rejected Col. French's amendment to the Irish Reform Bill reducing the county franchise from ~12 to ~8.-The Scotch Reform Bill passed. 25th. The Irish Reform Bill was passed by the Commons. 29th. The House of Lords rejected the Irish Church bill. July 2d. The thanks of Parliament voted to Sir Robert Napier and the army of Abyssinia. 6th. Accouchement of the Princess of Wales of a princess. 7th. The Scotch Representation Bill passed by the House of Lords.-Gen. Napier was made Lord Napier of Magdala. 9th. The Irish Reform bill passed the House of Lords. 13th. An act was passed to carry into effect a convention between her Majesty and the Emperor of the French, concerning the fisheries in the seas adjoining the British Islands and France, and to amend the laws regarding British sea fisheries; also an act to amend the repre sentation of the people in Ireland. 23d. The Commons passed the bill providing for the purchase of all the telegraph lines by the Government. 31st. An act was passed for enabling her Majesty to accept a surrender, upon terms, of the lands, privileges and rights of "the governor and company of adventurers of England trading in Hudson's Bay," and for admitting Hudson's Bay Ter itory into the dominion of Canada.The Parliament was prorogued.-The habeas corpus was restored in Ireland, and the prisoners affected by it were set free. August 1st. Twenty-three persons crushed to death at Manchester, while attempting to leave Music Hall, during a panic created by an alarm of fire. 3d. Failure of the Atlantic Cable of 1866. 8th. Continued drought throughout the United Kingdom.-Queen Victoria in Switzerland. 10th. Two persons sentenced to twelve months' hard labor at Bristol, for personation of voters at the recent election.-Editor Pigot was pardoned. 13th. Serious anti-rent'riots at Tipperary, Ireland. 20th. Fearful railroad accident at Cardigan, Wales; 27 persons were killed. September 4th. Repeal resolutions passed by the Nova Scotia House. 5th. No-Popery riot in Manchester. 6th. A large number of rioters were arrested in Manchester. 14th. First interview of the new American Minister, Reverdy Johnson, with the Queen. 16th. The town of Barkerville, British Columbia, was destroyed by fire. October 7th. Thirty lives were lost in London, by explosion in a pyrotechnic factory. November 11 th. The Parliament was dissolved. 13th. Beginning of the elections.-The Queen received Mr. Burlingame, the Embassador of China, at Windsor Castle.-Election tumults in Bristol, Belfast and Cork. 17th. The riot act was read in Bolton. 20th. Serious riots at Drogheda, during the elections; the troops fired upon the people. 21st. The commission for the arrangement of the Alabama claims to sit in Washington.Disraeli refused the peerage. 24th. One hundred and four persons were killed and wounded by the explosion of a coal mine at Arley. December 2d. The Ministry resigned. 3d. Gladstone accepted the appointment of Premier.-John Bright accepted a place in the Ministry. 6th. Great gales; many ships were wrecked. 10th. Opening of the new Parliament.-The members of Gladstone's cabinet formally accepted their appointments. 18th. Earthquake shock at Gibraltar. 21st. Nearly all the members of the new Parliament appointed to government positions were re-elected. GREECE. February 6th. Ministerial crisis.-The cabinet was dissolved, and Bulgaris charged to form a new one. 8th. The Parliament was dissolved. 1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 765 March 6th. Six hundred women and children, refugees from Crete, were brought to the Piraeus by a Russian frigate. April 3d. Beginning of the Election which resulted in a larger majority for this ministry. May 7th. Opening of the Parliament.-Speech of the King. June. The foreign ministers in Athens protested against Candian members being admitted to the Legislature of Greece.-They were, consequently not admitted. July 27th. The Metropolitan of Athens called on Mr. Tuckelanann, U. S. minister and thanked him for the sympathy of the United States with the Greek nation. December. The King of Denmark and the Prince of Wales urged the King of Greece to concede the demands of the Sultan.-The Grecian Government refised the Sultan's demands.The military reserves were called out.-Two war vessels were ordered to Syra. 22d. The Government demanded of the Chambers a credit of one hundred million drachmas. -Troops were levied, and towns fortified. 24th. The Greek minister in Constantinople left.-The Chambers granted the demands of the Government for men and money. 28th. The Foreign Minister declared that the kingdom would make any sacrifice for the maintenance of its rights. ITALY. January 1st. King Victor Emanuel advised the people and Parliament to remain calm during the crisis. 4th. Conclusion of a commercial treaty with China, at Florence. 5th. New cabinet formed out of a minority of the Chamber of Deputies.-Alarming eruption of Mount Vesuvius. 11 th. Re-opening of the Parliament. 20th. Prime Minister Menabrea informed the Spanish Government that Italy would not admit the interference with her affairs of any foreign power, except France.-The Government recognized the republic of Mexico, and accredited a minister to it.-The sales of church property proved very profitable to the government.-The legislative opposition on the question of the budget was defeated. 22d. The Legislature passed an income tax bill. February 3d. A thanksgiving festival, prepared by the ecclesiastical authorities on account of the battle of Mentana, was prohibited by the government. 10th. Death, at Turin, of Count Thaon di Revel, formerly State Minister, Senator, and Municipal Councilor. 13th. Signing, at Florence, of the final protocol regarding the regulation of the frontiers of Valteline, and the Canton Grisons. 20th. Creation of the order of the Crown of Italy. 2 1st. Conclusion of a treaty with Switzerland concerning the church property of the diocese of Como. March 1st. The workingmen of Genoa addressed Admiral Farragut and complimented the liberal feeling of the American people.-Manin's remains were returned to Venice, and received with great honor.-A man-of-war was sent to Japan. 29th. The Chamber of Deputies adopted the treaties with China, Japan and Uruguay, and a motion concerning a postal treaty with the Netherlands. April 22d. Marriage of Prince Humbert with the Princess Margaret of Italy, his cousin.Violent riots in Bologna. June 9th. Opening of the Mount Cenis Railway across the Alps. 17th. The Chamber of Deputies adopted, by 160 against 57 votes, the project of law increasing the direct taxes by one-tenth. 23d. The French General, Dumont, announced in Civita Vecchia, that Napoleon would never abandon the Pope. August 3d. The Second Chamber resolved to limit the issue of notes to 750 mill. (francs). — The Tobacco Trade Convention was adopted, 205 to 161 votes. September 17th. Cardinal Reisach was sentenced, by a civil court at Rieti, to pay a fine of 500 francs, for attempting to take possession of the See of Sabina, by order of the Pope, without the authority of the King.-Gen. Garibaldi resigned his seat in the National Parliament. November. Mount Vesuvius was in a violent state of eruption; the light was seen 150 miles distant at sea.-The Parliament began its sessions.-The Finance Minister's budget showed a diminution of the deficit by 81 millions. December 27th. Garibaldi issued an encouraging manifesto to the Cretans. 766 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. NETHERLANDS. January 3d. A royal decree ordered the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies. 10th. The Minister of State, (de Kock), resigned his function as chief of the Royal Cabinet. 22d. Election of a new Chamber of Deputies; it resulted in the election of 35 ministerial, and 38 opposition candidates. February 25th. Opening of the session of the Chambers by the Minister of the Interior. March 2d. De Thorbecke protested against the last dissolution of the Chambers. 7th. The debates concerning Thorbecke's protest were concluded.-The Chamber of Deputies resolved, by 65 votes against 5, to wait for the presentation of the diplomatic documents promised by the ministry before voting on the motion of Blussd declaring that the last dissolution of the Chambers was not in the interest of the countly. 14th. The Minister of Foreign Affairs presented to the Chamber of Deputies the diplomatic documents concerning Luxemburg. 17th. Report of the commission regarding the diplomatic documents presented by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. 23d. The report of the commission having been adopted on the 21st, by 55 votes against 18, the motion of Blusse to disapprove the dissolution of the Chambers, was adopted by 39 against 34 votes. April 3d. The Chamber of Deputies adjourned its session to the 21st of April. 28th. The Chamber of Deputies rejected the project of the budget of Foreign Affairs by 37 votes against 33.-The discussion was adjourned.-All the ministers resigned. May 23d. Van Reenen and Baron Mackay, having successively failed to form a new cabinet, the king confided this task to Thorbecke. June 3d, 4th and 8th. End of the ministerial crisis.-New Cabinet.-The ministries for Public Worship were abolished.-Riotous demonstrations in Luxemburg, in sympathy with France; they were promptly suppressed. 12th. The Chamber of Deputies adopted the budgets for war, navy, finances and colonies. 22d. The Chamber of Deputies adopted the budgets for Surinam and Culravao. November. Serious riots in Rotterdam quelled by the troops; twenty-two persons were killed. PAPAL STATES. February 8th. Gen. de Failly transmitted the command of the French Army of Occulpation, which was reduced to a single brigade, to Gen. Dumont. March 4th. Prince Lucien Bonaparte was created a Cardinal. 17th. The Pope rejected Napoleon's plan for a settlement with Italy. 20th. Admiral Fariagut received by the Pope. May 8th. Conclusion of a treaty of commerce and navigation with North Germany and the Zollverein. June 22d. The Pope addressed two allocutions to the Secret Consistory; in the one he announced the convocation of a General Council; in the other he spoke against the abolition of the Austrian Concordat. 29th. The Pope issued a bull calling a general council of the Church, at Rome, on December 8, 1869. August. The foreign soldiers in the service of the Pope deserted in large numbers. November 2d. A Revolutionary Committee was organized in Rome. PORTUGAL January 3d. Anti-tax riot in Lisbon.-The Cabinet resigned. 4th. New Cabinet.-The King and Queen fired upon while returning from a hunting party; they were unhurt.-The Parliament was dissolved. February. The Government authorized the laying of a telegraphic cable across the Atlantic, the line to be run from Falmouth to Oporto, thence to the Azores and the United States. April 15th. Opening of the Cortes.-Speech of the King. 21st. Exchange of ratifications of a treaty of amity, commerce and navigation with the Republic of Liberia. June 25th. General amnesty for political crimes. July. Changes in the Cabinet.-The Duke of Loule6 was charged with the formation of a new Cabinet. 1869.] RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 767 August. The second Chamber authorized material reforms, by 100 votes to 13.-Extensive fire at Lisbon, half a million dollars worth of property destroyed. October. Expedition against Mozambique; the Portuguese troops, surprised by the natives, suffered severely. RUSSIA. January. The extensive gold fields discovered near the Amoor were guarded by Russian troops. 18th. Death of Prince Basil Dolgoroukoff, General of Cavalry, Adjutant-General, and Minister of War. February. The Czar protested with the other European powers, against the extensive armament going on in the Principality of Servia. 29th. An Imperial ukase ordered the suppression of the Government Commission for the domestic affairs of the kingdom of Poland, and the subordination of the administration of the kingdom to the different authorities of the Empire.-An Imperial ukase ordered the amalgamation of the Ministry of Postal Affairs and Telegraphs with that of the Interior. April 15th. Russia refused to mediate between Denmark and Germany in the Schleswig question. May 1st. Beginning of hostilities against the Emir of Bokhara. 2d. Battle in Bokhara; the troops of the Emir were beaten and the city of Bokhara was taken. 24th. A semi-official paper St. Petersburg announced the conclusion of a commercial treaty with Khokand. 25th. Battle near Samarcand; the Bokharians were defeated. 26th. Samarcand was taken by Gen. Kaufmann. June 1st. Another great battle between the Russians and Bokharians, in which the former were victorious. 6th. Publication of an amnesty for political crimes.-Prince Gortschakoff proposed to the Powers a Convention for prohibiting the use of certain explosive projectiles.-The Emperor mitigated the sentences of many exiles in Siberia. July. The Russians in Central Asia formed an alliance with Feroz Shah, thus advancing nearer to the north-western frontier of British India.-Conclusion of a peace between the Emir of Bokhara and the Czar's General commanding in Central Asia.-The troops of the Czar evacuated Samarcand. November. The International Military Commission met in St. Petersburg under the presidency of the Russian Minister of War.-The Emperor appointed Jan. 11, 1869, for a general draft to fill the army. December. Russia asked that hostilities between Greece and Turkey be suspended until the proposed Conference had ended its deliberations. 25th Russia urged the United States to take part in the Turko-Grecian Conference. SPAIN. January. Teneriffe, in the Canary Islands, was visited by a violent and destructive hurricane. 4th. The Captain-General of Cuba placed the island under military government. 22d The Minister of Foreign Affairs informed the Italian Government that Spain was determined to uphold the temporal power of the Pope. 23d. Amnesty for the persons compromised in the insurrections of 1866 and 1867. 29th. A brigade of soldiers was formed for the support of the Pope. February 5th. It was dissolved owing to the renmonstrance of France. 15th. Sev. Catalina was appointed Minister of the Navy. M_arch 1 lth. The Chamber of Deputies adopted a law granting a longer period for the conversion of bonds of the Passive Debt. 20th. The Minister of Finance was authorized to contract a loan of 55 millions of francs. 27th. The Government paid an indemnity to England for the seizure of the ship Queen Victoria. 30th. Signing, at Madrid, of the treaty of commerce with North Germany.-The Government rigorously excluded all American newspapers. April. Tumults recommenced in Catalonia. 13th. Catalonia was again placed under martial law. 23d. Death of Marshal R. M. Narvaez, Duke of Valencia, President of the Council of Ministry and minister of War, in consequence of which all the ministers gave in their resignation. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. The Minister of the Interior, L. Gonz. Bravo Murillo was charged with the formation of a new Cabinet. 24th. New Cabinet: Bravo, President of Interior; Roncali, Justice and, provisionally, Foreign Affairs; Catalina, Public Works; Belda, Navy; Marfori, Colonies; Orobio, Finances; Lieut.-Gen. Mayalde y Villaroya, War; Bravo declared to the Chamber of Deputies that he would continue the political programme of his predecessor. May 8th. The Senate adopted the budget for 1869. 9th. The Senate approved the commercial treaty with the Zollverein. 20th. A royal decree adjourned the Cortes. June 16th. Change in the Cabinet: Roncali was definitely appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs; Coronado, Minister of Justice; Marfori, Minister of the Royal House. July 6th. Arrest of the Duke and Duchess of Montpensier at Seville; they were exiled by order of the Queen. 8th. The late Captain-General of Cuba, Gen. Dulce, Marshal Serrano, and other high officers of the army, were arrested on a charge of conspiring against the Queen's throne; they were banished to the Canary Islands. 14th. The army was exhorted to loyalty by the General commanding at Madrid. 28th. Measures of military repression were directed against the insurrectionary movement. August. Discontent increased and extended to the navy.-Martial law was declared in Barcelona.-Insurgents were moving in Aragon and Catalonia.-Secret presses circulated pam phlets against the government.-The Captain Generals of Madrid and Barcelona, Marquis Novaliches, Count Cheste and the Minister of War resigned. September 18th. Outbreak of the revolution.-Admiral Topete, commanding the naval forces off Cadiz, revolted.-All the exiled Generals returned.-Gen. Concha was commissioned to command the royal forces.-The Minister President, Gonzalez Bravo, resigned and escaped to France. 28th. In the battle of Alcola, the royal troops were defeated. 29th. Madoz was declared President of the Provisional Junta. 30th. Queen Isabella crossed the frontier in her flight to France.-The deposition of the Queen and the sovereignty of the people were publicly and officially proclaimed by the Provi sional Government. October. The insurrection spread throughout the greater part of the kingdom; itprevailed at Alicante, at Leo n, in Malaga, in the provinces of Bejar and Alcoy.-Lersundi, the Captain General of Cuba, acknowledged the sovereignty of the new provisional government in Spain. The Junta called out the militia.-The whole kingdom of Spain recognized the Provisional Government.-A perfect understanding existed between the heads of the several parties. 3d. Madrid was won by the revolutionists without the spilling of blood.-Marshal Serrano, accompanied by seven generals of the army, entered Madrid in triumph.-Genl. Serrano, the head of the moderate "Liberal Union" party, and Gen. Prim, the head of the more radical Pro gressists, agreed to call Marshal Espartero, Duke of Victoria, to the head of the State.-A new ministry was formed, of which Serrano was made President. 4th. Isabella issued her protest against the revolutionists. 7th. A provisional government was organized by the sanction of Gen. Prim and Serrano, honorary Presidents.-Santa Anna was ordered to leave Cuba. 12th. The Provisional Government decreed the expulsion of the Jesuits. 16th. The Provisional Government declared the children of all slaves free.-The election of a Constitutional Assembly was fixed for the 15th of November; it was subsequently postponed to January, 1869.-The Provisional Government introduced important reforms: administrative decentralization, universal suffrage, religious liberty, the right of public assemblage, the right of trial by jury, and equality of all men before the law.-The American Minister was the first to congratulate the Government on the great changes.-The Central Provisional Junta in Madrid and the several Juntas in the Province having been dissolved, the new government was intrusted to Marshal Serrano. 26th. A battle was fought at Tunas, Cuba, between the government troops and a num. ber of insurgents. November. The city of Havana was authorized to borrow 10,000,000 crowns to finish the Isabella canal.-A powerful naval and military expedition fitted out in Cadiz to accompany the new Captain-General Dutlce to Cuba, to whom extensive powers were granted.-The Governments of Prussia, Italy, France, Bel,gium, England and Portugal, opened diplomatic intercourse with the Provisional Government.-The Ministerial Report on the financial condition of the country, calculated a deficit of 2,500 millions of reals, and urged the necessity of extra 768 [1869. ordinary expenses in consequence of famine and the generally prevailing want of work.-A decree of the Government opened a public subscription for a loan of 200 millions of Spanish dollars, to be guaranteed by the crown domains to the amount of 2,110 millions of reals.-The term of service in the navy was shortened by two years.-Marshal Serrano confirmed Gen. Prim's appointment as Commander-in-Chief of the Spanish army.-The Republicans held meetings declaring against the re-establishment of a monarchy.-The Minister of Justice authorized the building of a Protestant church in Madrid.-The Bishops organized a reaction in the country, and protested against the suppression of the convents.-Nearly all commanders of the provinces asked for a reinforcement of their troops; Prim refused it.-Marshal Serrano nominated 25 Councillors of State.-Justices of Peace were re-appointed in the provinces.-The inhabitants of the Balearic and Canary islands petitioned for religious toleration.-Count Balmaseda was authorized to pardon all insurgents in Cuba, except the leaders.-The insurgents in possession of Bayamo, and other towns.-The revolutionary committee in Havana claimed belligerent rights for the insurrectionary forces.-Puerto Principe revolted. Five war vessels were immediately sent against the insurgents.-The Government declared the freedom of the colonial ports.-An immense meeting of 50,000 people in Madrid, presided over by Olozaga, pronounced for monarchy.-Republicanism advocated in Cadiz, and Seville.-The insurrection continued in Cuba; Manzanillo besieged by the insurgents; frequent skirmishes.-The Spanish troops fortified Puerto Principe.-Tumults in Seville; they were subdued by the troops.-The term of subscriptions for the loan was extended to the 15th of December.-The Minister of Finance abolished the differential duties.-Great demonstrations of the Constitutionalists and the Republicans at Barcelona.-The Carlists issued an election manifesto in Paris.-A strong party aspired to independence in Cuba, and promised the planters a great remission of taxes.-Capt. Gen. Lersundi pardoned several prominent revolutionists.-In a fight near Santa Cruz, the insurgents were routed.-The Spanish merchants of Havana raised three months' volunteers for service against the insurgents.-Republican demonstrations prevalent in Spain. The Government declared that the people were in favor of a monarchy.-The insurgents in Cuba routed Col. Quiros and drove him into Santiago de Cuba.-Numerous demonstrations in Porto Rico against the authorities.-The town of Holguin captured by the revolutionary forces. December. Espartero was asked to become temporary Dictator of Spain.-Gen. Prim declared the Spanish Government would have nothing to do with the Bourbons.-The revolutionary Junta of Cuba refused to accept any reforms offered as an inducement to surrender, and declared their determination to fight for independence.-The Spanish press urged the concession of liberal reforms for Cuba and the settlement of the slavery question.-Carlist movements were organizing in the provinces-Santiago de Cuba was closely surrounded by the insurgents, who recaptured Villa del Cobre.-Severe fight at the foot of Mount Alta Garcia, between Puerto Principe and Nuevitas; likewise at Moran. 9th. Rising of the Republicans in Cadiz.-The insurgents occupied prominent positions and were well supplied with arius.-Bloody confiict.-An armistice of two days was agreed to, the insurgents demanding terms of capitulation.-Count Balmaseda defeated the insurgents in Cuba.-The Government did not accede to the demands made by the insurgents of CadizGen. Caballero de Roda issued a proclamation, giving the people time until the 13th to lay down their arms.-The insurgents surrendered and gave up their arms.-The troops entered the city.-New risings in Cuba.-The leaders of all political parties in Spain pledged themselves to preserve peace until the questions at issue were settled by the Constituent Cortes.-Steam transports arrived with troops in Cuba.-A portion of the Progressists in favor of Espartero as King.-A Carlist conspiracy discovered at Navarra. 18th. Shock of earthquake in Gibraltar.-The steamer Pelayo sailed from Havana for Santiago with 1,000 men to reinforce the troops operating against the insurgents.-The Republican party in Spain developed great strength.-The municipal elections resulted in a victory of the monarchists at Madrid; the republicans carried Seville, Barcelona, and a large number of the provincial capitals. 20th. The insurrection at Toro, in the province of Zamora was promptly suppressed. 23d. Four thousand troops with artillery advanced to attack Bayamo, held by the Cuban insurgents.-Eight hundred volunteers landed on the south side of Cuba to join the Cubans.Ten thousand insurgents surrounded Santiago de Cuba.-Manzanillo was closely besieged. 31st. A Republican rising at Malaga. SWEDEN AND NORWAY.. February 29th. The Second Chamber declared by 100 votes against 69, against abolishing the penalty of death. 49 RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 769 1869.] 7 0 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [18(9. March 3d. The First Chamber also declared against the abolition of capital punishment by a great majority. April 9th. The Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Count Manderstroem), of Finances (Baron d'Ugglas), of War (Abelin), and of the Interior (de Lageistrale), resigned. 15th. The King refused to accept their resignation. May 16th. Closing of the Chambers. Speech of the King. 21 st. A German expedition to the North Pole left Bergen in the ship Germania.-A Swedish expedition sailed to explore Spitzbergen. June 4th. End of the Ministerial crisis, and appointment of a new Ministry. SWITZERLAND. January 3d. The Federal Council resolved to renew diplomatic relations with Mexico. 26th. A great majority of the voters of Zurich (about 60,000 voting), decided for the revision of the constitution by the Council of Constitution. February 9th. The Grand Council of Freiburg resolved by 51 votes against 34 to re-establish the penalty of death. March 6th. Strike of laborers at Geneva. 16th. The people of Neufchatel decided with a great majority against the revision of the constitution. April 19th. A great majority of the people of Thurgau decided in favor of revising the constitution. May 1st. The Papal Government adhered to the convention of Geneva, (August 22, 1864). August 17th. 200 Polish emigrants and about twice as many sympathizers from various countries met at Rapperswyl, Canton of St. Gall, to inaugurate a monument commemorative of their nation's struggle for independence. November. The elections for the National Council resulted in the election of 74 conservatives and 30 radicals. TURKEY. January. Battle between the Cretans and Turks; the former successful.-The Cretans rejected all overtures from Turkey, and insisted upon expelling invaders from the island. February. Recommencement of fights in Crete. 1st. The Viceroy of Egypt recalled his army contingent from Abyssinia at the request of England. 11 th. The Grand Vizier was recalled from Crete. 19th. The Government adhered to the international telegraphic convention of May 17,1865. -Defeat of the Turks near the town of Canea. 24th. The Senate of Rumania voted by a majority of 3 votes, to disapprove the action of the Government. 25th. The Rumanian Chamber of Deputies gave, by 91 votes against 32, a vote of confidence to the Ministers. March 7th. The Assembly of Montenegro convoked February 10, by Prince Nicholas I., changed the form of government; the entire administration was entrusted to the Senate, which was responsible to the National Assembly, leaving to the Prince the external policy only.-The National Assembly of Crete sent an appeal to the United States.-The Porte refused the concession of an American naval station on the coast of Asiatic Turkey. 13th. The Grand Vizier stated officially that the war in Crete was at an end. 14th. Fight near Aprocoronia, in Crete, between All Pasha and the insurgents. The Turks were defeated. 17th. Opening of the Chambers of Egypt. April. Changes in the Egyptian Cabinet. Cherif Pasha was appointed Minister of the Interior, Ismail Pasha, Minister of Finances. May 3d. The Cretans defeated the Turks near Sphakia. 10th. The Sultan opened the new State Council by an address in which he announced the presentation of divers projects of laws and ministerial reports regarding the situation-of the Empire, especially the state of public works and the organization of the army. He concluded his address by declaring that Turkey should sincerely endeavor to adopt European civilization. 11 th. The President of the Rumanian Ministry, Stephen Golesco, resigned. 13th. Nicholas Golesco was charged with forming a new Cabinet. He accepted the Presidency and the portfolio of Foreign Affairs.-The Provisional government of Crete decided to canvoke aParliament. RECORD OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. June 10th. Assassination of Prince Michel III. Obrenovic, in the Park Topchida, near Belgrad, Servia. 22d. Milan Obrenovic, Prince Michel's nephew was chosen Prince of Servia. 24th. Visit of Prince Napoleon to Rumania. July 5th. Prince Alexander Georgevich, the suspected instigator of the assassination of Prince Michel, with his family, was excluded from succession to the throne of Servia, and placed under surve illance of the police.-Political riots disturbed Bulgaria. The Sultan's government despatched troops to restore order.-The Sultan's government confirmed the new Prince of Servia.-Bloody conflict between the Christians and Turks at Scutari. 27th. Encounters between the Cretans and Turks. August. Turkish troops defeated the insurgents in Bulgaria.-The Government declared the eldest son of the viceroy of Egypt successor to the vice-royal throne.-Admiral Farragut in Constantinople.-The Greeks of Chios attempted to celebrate the day of the baptism of the Grecian Kilg's son, but were prevented by the Turkish authorities.-The Greek attache of the American consulate was arrested. November 16th. Great earthquake in Rumania. 23d. U. S. Minister Morris at Constantinople protested against the incarceration of Americans at Damascus. -Troops were sent to Bulgaria to quell disorder.-Change in the Ruma nian Cabinet. December. The Prime Minister of the Danubian Principalities advocated respect for existing treaties, and the maintenance of strict neutrality.-The Sublime Porte threatened to recall the Turkish Ambassador at Athens, if open support to the Cretans be not withheld.-The Sultan sent an ultimatum to Greece, and required an answer in five days.-The Turks captured a strong position in Sphakia.-Turkish troops were concentrated on the frontier of Greece.-All Greeks were ordered to leave Turkey.-Naval engagement between a Grecian war-steamer and a Turkish cruiser. 18th. A Turkish fleet sailed for the Archipelago.-The Greek steamer Enosis at Syra was watched by Hobart Pasha.-The Great Powers urged a delay of action, the Western Powers sustained the ultimatum. 21st. The Ambassadors of the Western Powers declined protection to the Greek residents in Constantinople.-A Russian flag burned in the streets of Constantinople. 22d. The Sultan granted three weeks for the departure of Greek subjects from the empire. Hobart Pasha blockaded Syra. 24th. The American Minister offered his protection to Greek subjects.-Terrible steamboat accident in the Gulf of Smyrna; 200 lives lost. 25th. Ships of war were placed by the Government off the coast of Cortige, to prevent Greek volunteers from going to Crete. 27th. The Porte declined to yield the independence of Crete, or to sell or transfer it to Egypt. ASIA, AFRICA, AND AUSTRALIA. ABYSSINIA. January. Gen. Napier arrived at Annesley Bay.-The van oftheEnglish expedition reached Senafe. February. The English army arrived at Antalo. March. Theodorus was at Magdala ready for the siege. April 1 0th. Gen. SirRobt. Napier defeated the Emperor TheodoraS before the fortress cf Magdala.-Theodorus sent the European prisoners to the British camp, and attempted to negotiate; Napier demanded an unconditional surrender. 13th. The fortress of Magdala was carried by storm; Theodorus was found dead; the British took 28 large guns and 10,000 small arms. 17th. Magdala was burned down by order of Gen. Napier. 18th. The British army began its march from Abyssinia. 28th. Civil war and anarchy reigned all over %the territory.-Severe fights. September. Prince Gobazie was crowned Emperor at Gondar. CHINA. January 11 lth. The Imperial troops gained several victories over the rebels. Explosion of the arsenal at Winchung; 1,000 persons supposed to have been killed or wounded.-The Government appointed Anson Burlingame, formerly U. S. Minister in Pekin, its special envoy to all the treaty powers, at a salary of $40,000, 1869.1 771 772 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. 15th. Envoy Burlingame and suite, while en route from Pekin to Shanghai, were beset by robbers who were dispersed by the aid of British marines and Cossack troops.-Shocks of earthquake at Shanghai and Ningpo. May. The rebels of the North menaced Pekin seriously.-The rebels were defeated on the Peiho, but still threatened Tientsin. June. The rebels retired from Tientsin; they left the Peiho river and marched off in a southerly direction. October. The rebels threatened Ningpo. November. The English fleet appeared before Nankin and obtained full reparation for insults to Missionaries at Hong Chow. December. English Missionaries discovered evidences of great mineral wealth. JAPAN. January 1st. The ports of Hiogo and Osaka were definitely opened to foreign commerce. -The Tycoon demanded a revision of the Constituttion.-The most powerful princes of Japan recognized the Micado as the only and supreme Sovereign. 11 th. Admiral Bell, Flag-Lieutenant Reed and ten seamen of the Flagship Hartford were drowned while crossing Osaka bar.-The Tycoon collected forces to regain his lost influence. 19th. Severe fighting at Yeddo between the Tycoon and Mikado's armies.-Naval engagement near Yokohama. 26th. Fights near Osaka between the troops of the Tycoon and those of the Daimios in favor of the Mikado; the Tycoon was defeated and fled to Yeddo. March. Order was restored.-Dissolution of the Gorodjo (Council of the State). April 27th. Yokohama in possession of foreign troops and peaceful. May 12th. The Mikado appeared with his army before Yeddo and threatened the city; the Tycoon offered to retire and to disband his army if the place was spared.-Yeddo was surrendered to the Mikado.-The officers in command refused to surrender the fleet and left Yeddo with the ships. 17th. The Daimia Aldsen beat the troops of the Mikado.-The civil war was in fierce progress. June 30th. The foreign Ministers issued a united protest against the Mikado's persecntion of native Christians. July 5th. One-half of Yeddo destroyed by fire.-Yeddo and Yokohama again under Stotsbashi's control.-A compromise was effected between the Daimios of the North and of the South. October. Yeddo still remained closed.-Negato and Hakodadi were seized by the Southern troops.-The Government of Mikado appointed H. W. Grinnell, of New York, to the position of Inspector-General of the Japanese Navy. November. Seven war ships appeared in the inland sea and destroyed many castles and some towns.-The Mikado, having reached his majority, was crowned Emperor at Kioto; he established his residence at Yeddo and was enthusiastically greeted. December. Prince Aldsen, the most powerful of the Northern Daimios, surrendered.Stotsbashi, the Ex-Tycoon, was invited to return to Yeddo and take part in the reconstruction of the Government.-The civil war at an end. SANDWICH ISLANDS. April 17th. Eruption of the volcano Mauna Loa; frequent earthquakes since March 29th; great destruction of property and loss of about 100 lives; a tidal wave. June. The Assembly agreed to the subsidy of $25,000 to a line of steamers to San Francisco. July. Arrival of the filrst cargo of Japanese emigrants. OBITUARIES, 1868. Abbott, Amos, a member of Congress from Massachusetts, born at Andover, in that State, September 10, 1786, and died November 2, aged 82 years. Mr. Abbott received a common school education, and afterward engaged in mercantile pursuits, in which he was very successf.ul. He was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1835 and 1836, and again in 1842, and a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1849. Adler, George J., a German-American scholar and teacher, born at Leipsic, in 1821, and died at the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum, near New York city, August 24, aged 47 years. He emigrated to the United States in 1833. He was educated at the University of New York, where he graduated in 1844, and held the Professorship of the German language from 1846 to 1854. He was author of a number of educational works, his "Dictionalry of the German and English Languages," published in 1859, being his best known work, and a standard authority. In 1861, his mind became impaired, and he spent much of the latter part of his life at the Bloomingdale Asylum, but continued his studies until his death. Ile translated Goethe's "Iphigenia in Tauris" into English, and some of his works were translated into French. Allen, William, D. D., an American scholar, born at Pittsfield, Mass., January 2, 1784, and died at Northampton, July 16,.aged 84 years. He graduated at Harvard College, in 1802. In 1817, he became President of Dartmouth, and of Bowdoin College in 1820, holding the latter position until 1839. Dr. Allen was author of a "Biographical Dictionary of Americans." Andrea, Jerome de, a Roman Catholic Cardinal, born at Naples, April 12,1812, and died at Rome, May 15, aged 56 years. He was descended from a patrician but not wealthy family of Aquila, and his father was Minister of Finance under Ferdinand II. Educated for the Church, his progress was rapid and brilliant, and he became Archbishop of Mitylene, inpartibus, commendatory abbot of Subiaco, and was made a cardinal in 1852. In 1853, on the occasion of the dispute relating to the use of the Pagan classics in schools, he took part with M. Venillot, of the Univers, against their use. In 1859, he was supposed to sympathize with the movement for Italian unity, and to favor many reforms in the Church. He refused, however, to support the attempt to establish a free Italian church. On account of his liberal views the Pope publicly censured him, and suspended him from his functions as bishop. He was summoned at the same time from Naples to Rome, but at first refused compliance, though he at length reluctantly obeyed, and some time afterward was induced to sign a recantation. Andrews, Timothy P., an officer in the U.S. army, died at Washington, D. C., March 11. During the Mexican war, he was Colonel of the regiment of Voltigeurs, and was breveted Brigadler General for gallant conduct at the battle of Cherubusco. He was first appointed a paymaster in 1822, and after the war with Mexico he again held that position. In 1851 he was appointed Deputy Paymaster General, and Paymaster General in 1863. In November, 1864, he was placed upon the retired list. Asboth, Alexander, an American General, born in Hungary, December 18, 1811, and died at Buenos Ayres, January 21, aged 57 years. He was educated at Oedenburg, served for some time in an Austrian regiment, and subsequently pursued a course of legal studies at Presburg. In the Hungarian struggle of 1848-9, he attached himself to the Revolutionary party, and rose to the position of Adjutant-General of the Army. He went with Kossuth to Turkey, shared the imprisonment of his chief at Kutaieh, and accompanied him to the United States, in 1851. At the outbreak of the civil war, in 1861, he offered his services to the government, and in July, became chief of staff to Major-General Fremont. He was appointed a Brigadier General in September, 1861, and had command of a division in Fremont's western campaign. His division formed the rear guard in the famous retreat to Rolla. He took an active part in the winter campaign into Arkansas, projected by Major-General Curtis, and was prominent in the three days' battle at Pea Ridge, where he was severely wounded. He was transferred to the army of the Mississippi in 1862, and after holding some other military appointments, commanded in Florida, where he was severely wounded, September 27,1864. He left the service in August, 1865, and was appointed by President Johnson, Minister of the United States to Buenos Ayres. Baker, Lafayette C., a Brigadier-General of volunteers by brevet, and chief of the United States Detective Service, during the civil war, born at Stafford, N.Y., in 1824, and died at Philadelphia, July 3, aged 43 years. In 1867, Gen. Baker published a work, in w hich he detailed 773 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. much secret history relating to the war; but many of his facts were controverted, especially by the friends of President Johnson, whom he charged with being privy to a pardon brokerage business, alleged to have been carried on at Washington, in 1865. Baraga, Frederick, D. D., Roman Catholic Bishop, of Sault Ste. Marie, born at Dobernich, in Austria. in 1,97, and died at Marquette, Wisconsin, January 20, aged 70 years. He settled at Sault Ste. Marie, before 1838, and was made bishop, November 1, 1853. Baugher, Henry L., D. D., an American clergyman of the Lutheran Church, born at Abbottstown, Penn., about 1803, and died at Gettysburg, April 14, aged 65 years. He was educated at Dickinison College, and studied theology at Princeton, and at the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. Mr. Baugher was licensed to preach by the Maryland Synod, and was first pastor of the Lutheran church at Boonsboro'. Md., and afterward, in 1830, he was called to Gettysburg. In 1832, he became professor of the Greek language and Belles Lettres, in Pennsylvania College, and in 1850, he was elected President of the college, a position he held at the time of his death. He was for many years pastor of the college church, and besides his sermons, wrote much for the Evangelical Review, and other church periodicals. Baxter, Portus, a member of Congress from Vermont, born at Brownington, Orleans county, in that State, and died at Washington, March 4. He was elected a Representative in Congress from the Third Vermont District, and served from 1861 to 1867. Hie was a member of the Philadelphia "Loyalists"' Convention, in 1866, and was a Presidential elector in 1852 and 1856. Bayard, Richard H., an American statesman, born at Wilmington, Delaware, in 1796, and died in Philadelphia, March 4, aged 72 years. He was educated at Princeton college, where he graduated in 1814, and afterward adopted the profession of the law. He was a Senator in Congress from Delaware from 1836 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1845. In 1850 Mr. Bayard was appointed Charge d'Affaires to Brussels. lHe was the son of the elder and brother of the younger James A. Bayard. Beach, Moses Yale, an American journalist, for many years the proprietor of the New York Sun, was born at Wallingford, Conn., January 7, 1800, and died July 19, aged 68 years. When 14 years of age, he was apprenticed to a cabinet maker, at Hartford, and pursued his calling in Northampton and Springfield, but without much success, owing to a tendency to indulge in the experiments of an inventor. Among his designs was a gun-powder engine for propelling balloons; but his experiments prosing unsuccessful, he then endeavored to open steam navigation on the Connecticut river, between Hartford and Springfield. He afterward removed to Ulster County, N.Y., where he was engaged for seven years in the manufacture of paper. In 1835, he went with his family to New York, where he purchased an interest in The Sun newspaper, and in a short time became its sole proprietor. In this enterprise he was very successful, but retired about 1857. He also amassed considerable money by banking, and other financial operations. President Polk sent Mr. Beach to Mexico, during the war with that country, to arrange a treaty of peace; but owing to a false report that Santa Anna had annihilated Gen. Taylor's army, the negotiations were broken off. For several years previous to his death he resided in his native town, where he died of paralysis. Beach, Wooster, M.D., an eminent American physician, died in New York city, Jan. 28. He was the founder of a new system of medicine known as the Eclectic Medical System. Dr. Beach practiced his profession for over forty-five years, and was so ardent in contending against some of the principles of the Allopathic school of medicine, that he established an institution for the dissemination of his own views, and graduated many students. He was the author of a number of medical works, and at one time published The Telescope, a weekly newspaper, and The Evening Journal, a daily, both of which were popular in their day. Beall, S. W., formerly Lieutenant-Governor, and acting Governor of Wisconsin, was killed in a rencontre at Helena, M]lontana, September 26. During the civil war he served as a Lieuten —ant-Colonel of Volunteers. He was 65 years of age, at the time of his death. Beecher, Lieut. Frederick, a gallant officer of the late war, nephew of the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, killed by the Indians, on the Upper Republican river, Kansas, September 23. At the time of his death, Lieut. Beecher was 28 years old. Bell, Henry H., Rear-Admiral U. S. N., was born in North Carolina, and accidentally drowned, together with a whole boat's crew, while crossing the bar at Osaka, Japan, January 11. He was appointed to the navy, Aug. 4, 1823. At the battle of New Orleans, he was fleetcaptain under Farragut, and in 1862 and 1863, he commanded the West Gulf Blockading Squadron. In 1866, Admiral Bell was appointed to the command of the Asiatic Squadron. His remains were brought home du,ing the spring and summer, and interred in the cemetery at Newburgh, N.Y. 774 [1869. Bell, Samuel Dana, an eminent American jurist, born at Francestown, New Hampshire, October 9, 1798, and died at Manchester, July 31, aged 70 years. He graduated at Harvard College, in 1810, and afterward adopted the law as a profession. In 1849, he was appointed justice of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, and on the reorganization of the Supreme Court, in 1855, he was appointed Justice of the Supreme Court, and Chief Justice in 1859. He resigned in 1864. He assisted in the revision of the statutes of the State in 1830, 1842 and 1867. His father was the Hon. Samuel Bell, a distinguished American statesman. Berryer, Antoine Pierre, a French lawyer and statesman, born in Paris, January 4, l1790, where he died November 28, aged 78 years. His father was a distinguished lawyer, and M. Berryer was educated for the same profession. He was a Royalist, and pronounced against the first Napoleon before the victory of the allies, for which his arrest was ordered; but he managed to escape, and during the Hundred Days was a Royalist Volunteer. lie saw with disgust, however, the action of the extreme Royalists in 1815-16 in seeking out victims from the chiefs. of the First Empire, and was counsel for some of the most distinguished of these. He was associated with his father and M. Duprie in the unsuccessful defence of Marshal Ney, and he conducted the defence of Gen. Cambronnle, securing the acquittal of. his client. M. Berryer was concerned in the State trials which followed after the successive Revolutions, defending Lamennais under the Bourbons, Chateaubriand under the Orleans monarchy, and Montalembert under the new Empire. One of his most remarkable cases was the defence of Prince Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, for the part he took in the Boulogne affair of 1840. In 1830 he was chosen a member of the Chamber of Deputies from the department of Haute Loire, and though a legitimist, took the oath to the Revolutionary Government after the July Revolution. When the Duchess of Berry projected her attempt at a rising in La Vendee, M. Berryer was sent by the more prudent legitimists to persuade her from it,. but he was himself arrested as one of her supporters. In his trial, which took place at Blois, he completely established his innocence. M. Berryer visited the titular Henry V., better known as the Comte de Chambord, when the illustrious exile was in London, for which he was censured by the Chamber of Deputies. After the revolution of 1848, he submitted to be elected a member of the National Assembly from the department of the Bonches-du-Rhone. M. Berryer belonged to the reactionary party, but he early understood the designs of the Prince President, and endeavored to thwart them and prevent the coup d'etat of 1851. After the establishment of the Second Empire, he took but little part in public affairs beyond seeking to promote the proposed fusion of the two branches of the Bourbon family. In 1852 he was placed at the head of the French Advocates by being elected Batonnier of the Faculty, and in 1854, he was elected a member of the French Academy. On receiving the latter honor he expressly desired that he might be excused from the duty of visiting the head of the government, and his request was granted. The last great political cause in which M. Berryer took part, was the trial of the persons charged with violating the law of association. As an orator. M. Berryer was held to be the first after Mirabeau, and he was the ablest as well as the most distinguished French lawyer of his day. Blakeney, Sir Edward, Field Marshal, born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1778, and died August 2, aged 90 years. He entered the army as a cornet in 1794, and saw service in the West Indies and in Holland was present at the battle of Copenhagen in 1807, New Orleans in 1814, and Waterloo in 1815; served throughout the Peninsular War, and was severely wounded at the battle of Albuera and the assault of Badajos, and led the First Brigade in General Sir William Clinton's expedition to Portugal in 1826. From 1832 to 1855, he commanded the forces in Ireland. He was appointed Governor of Chelsea Hospital in 1856, and at the time of his death was Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Foot, and of the Prince Consort's own Rifle Brigade. Boyd, John H., a member of Congress from New York from 1851 to 1853, born in that State and died at Whitehall, July 2. Hie was a member, of the State Assembly from Washington county in 1840. Bradbury, William B., an American musical composer, born at York, Maine, in 1816, and died at Montclair, N.J., January 7, aged 52 years. Mr. Bradbury early manifested a taste for music, and became well known as a musician and a teacher of his art. He afterward studied in Germany under the best masters, but he had before this devoted himself to composition, pro ducing many well-known melodies and some popular hand-books of music. He had a host of admirers and some enemies, both the result of the popular character of the airs and tunes of which he was the author. Brewster. Sir David, an English philosopher, born at Jedburg, December 11, 1781, and died in Edinburgh, February 10, aged 86 years. He was educated for the Church of Scotland of which he became a licentiate. In the year 1800, he received the honorary degree of M. A. from the University of Edinburgh, and in 1807, LL. D. from the University of Aberdeen, and 1869.1 OBITUARIES. 775 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. subsequently the degrees of A. M. from Cambridge and D. C. L. from Oxford and Durham. While studying at Edinburgh he enjoyed the friendship of Robison, Playfair and Dugald Stew art. In 1808, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and the same year undertook the editorship of the "Edinburgh Encyclopedia," which was not finished until 1830. Dr. Brewster published his "Treatise on new Philosophical Instruments" in 1813. About this time his studies were mostly upon the subject of optics, and he became distinguished for his discoveries respecting the polarization of light and the invention of the Kaleidoscope, in 1816. In that year the Institute of France adjudged him one-half of the prize of 3,000 francs offered for the most important discoveries in any branch of science made during the two preceding years. He was also inventor of the lenticiular stereoscope now in universal use. He wrote treatises on the kaleidoscope, the stereoscope, on optics, and on natural magic besides other works and contributions to nearly all the Quarterlies. One of his best known works is his life of Sir Isaac Newton. In 1819, in conjunction with Prof. Jameson, he established the "Edin burgh Philosophical Journal," and afterward the "Edinburgh Journal of Science." He is en titled to the credit of the establishment of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the scientific meeting at York in 1831, from which that institution dates its history, being held at his suggestion. He was a member of nearly all the Royal Academies of Europe, and there is scarcely a learned body in the world from which he did not receive some recogni tion. Dr. Brewster was knighted in 1832 by King William IV., and among the last distinctions to be conferred upon him was the decoration of an Officer of the Legion of Honor by the Em peror Napoleon, in 1855. He married a daughter of Macpherson, the author of Ossian, in 1810; became a widower in 1850, but married again inll 1857. Brooke, Sir James, K. C. B., Rajah of Sarawak, born at Bath in 1803, and'died June 11, aged 65 years. He was the son of a gentleman for many years connected with East India Com pany's selwice, and after receiving his education at the Norwich Grammar School, he obtained a commission in the Indian army. He saw service in the Burmese war, but was compelled to leave the army on account of his health. While cruising through the Eastern Archipelago he was attracted'to Borneo, where he undertook, at his own cost, an expedition to suppress an insurrection which had broken out against the native ruler. He was soon after appointed Rajah. In 1847, when the British took possession of the island of Labuan, he was appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief, and created a K. C. B. He returned to England in 1856 in impaired health, and, after a short visit to Borneo, settled down at Dartmoor to spend his last days. Brougham, Henry, Lord Brougham and Vaux, a distinguished English statesman, born in Edinburgh, September 19, 1779, and died at his villa near Cannes, France, May 9, aged 89 years. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and first distinguished himself by a paper on the refraction and reflection of light, printed in the Transactions of the Royal Society for 1798. This was followed by other papers on the same subject, and in 1803 he published his "Inquiry into the Colonial Policy of the European Powers," a work of considerable talent, for which he was much praised. He had previously assisted in establishing the Edinburgl Re?view, to which he was a frequent contributor for a quarter of a century. He was admitted an advocate at the Scottish bar in 1800, but took up his residence in London in 1804. In 1808 he was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, and commenced practice as a barrister in the King's Bench. Mr. Brougham gained considerable reputation as an advocate; among the most notable of his early cases was his defence of Leigh Hunt, editor of the Examiner, who was acquitted upon a prosecution for libel. while Mr. Drokard, proprietor of the Stamford News, whom he also defended, was convicted for the republication of the same article. In 1810, Mr. Brougham entered Parliament for Camelford, a rotten borough in the gift of the late Duke of Cleveland, then Earl of Darlington. He was out of Parliament from 1812 to 1816. when he was returned for the borough of Winchelsea by the influence of his old friend and patron, and continued to represent it until 1830. - Early in that year he resigned, but was immediately afterward elected for Knaresborough, and at the general election in August he was chosen to represent the county of York. In Parliament he favored Roman Catholic Emancipation, and reform in the government of India, and spoke in condemnation of flogging in the navy, but his most important services were in behalf of popular education, a subject to which he gave his attention throughout his whole parliamentary career. In 1820 and 1821, he was engaged at Westminster Hall as Attorney-General to Queen Caroline, whose suit against George IV. he conducted to a successful issue, securing her rights as a wife and the sympathy of the public toward her as a woman. In this cause he made great reputation for his zeal and eloquence as an advocate, and two of his speeches have taken their place among the specimens of English classic oratory. In 1825 appeared his "Practical Ob 776 [1869. servations upon the Education of the People, addressed to the Working Classes and their Employers," and the same year he was elected Lord Rector of Glasgow University, in recognition of his services in behalf of education. In 1827 he laid the foundation of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, and was its first President. Next to popular education, no subject more enlisted his sympathies or engaged his attention than the abolition of slavery and the slave trade; but he was from his first entry upon public life, a man of enlightened philanthropy and liberal opinions, and became the acknowledged leader hi all measures of Parliamentary Reform. When Earl Grey assumed the Premiership, upon the resignation of the Duke of Wellington in 1830, he was appointed Lord Chancellor, and at the same time he was raised to the peerage as Lord Brougham and Vaux. The result of the few years during which he held the Chancellorship, he summed up in the following words: "The abolition of slavery in all our Colonies; the opening of the East India trade and the destruction of the Company's monopoly; the amendment of the criminal law; vast improvements in the whole municipal jurisprudence both as regards law and equity; the settlement of the Bank Charter; the total reform of the Scotch municipal corporations; the entire alteration of the poor laws; and an ample commencement made in reforming the Irish Church by the abolition of ten bishoprics." The dismissal of the Whig ministry in 1834, put an end to his Chancellorship and his official life, and afterward he occupied an independent position in the House of Lords, criticising the measures of Whig and Tory alike, but paying constant attention to the legal business of the House as one of the "law Lords." His last speech in the House of Lords was delivered June 17, 1858, upon the suppression of the slave trade. Lord Brougham, in 1848, desired to be naturalized as a citizen of the French Republic, but this intention was not consummated because the legislative Assembly.required him to divest himself of his privileges as an English peer. Lord Brougham contributed largely to modern literature. His "Historical Sketches of the Statesmen of the time of George III.," begun in 18.39, were finished in 1843, and these were followed by his "Men of Letters and Science." In 1855 he collected his speeches and writings in 10 volumes, and in 1856 his contributions to the Edinbzt?,gh Review were published in 3 volumes. In connection with E. J. Routh, Esq., he published in 1855, "An Analytical View of Newton's Prinlcipia," and he afterward published a paper on the Integral Calculus, and contributed articles on light to the Transactions of the Institute of France. He read a dissertation on "Analytical and Experimental Inquiries on the Cells of Bees," in 1858. In 1844 he wrote a novel entitled "Albert Lunel, or the Chateau of Lauguedoc," which was suppressed on the eve of publication, and of which it is said only five copies are now extant. Lord Brougham married hi 1819, and had one daughter who died young. In 1860 he obtained a fresh patent of peerage with remainder to his brother William Brougham and his male issue. Brown, Rev. John Newton, an American clergyman, born at New London, Conn., June 29, 1803, and died at Philadelphia, May 14, aged 64 years. Believing himself called to the ministry, he studied at the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution, and commenced his ministry at Buffalo, N.Y. Soon afterward he became assistant to the Rev. Dr. Gano, then pastor of the First Baptist Church at Providence, R. I. In October 1826, he became pastor at Malden. Mass., and thence removed to Exeter, N. H. About this time he completed the "Encyclopbdia of Religiots Knowledge," in the preparation of which he had spent two years. From 1838 to 1845. he was professor of Exegetical Theology and Church History in the New Hampton Institution, and he then became pastor of the Baptist church at Lexington, Va. In 1849 he became Editorial Secretary of the American Baptist Publication Society, and removed to Philadelphia, where he continued to reside until his death. Dr. Brown was a man of large acquirements, and during his life performed a vast amount of literary labor. The Baptist Articles of Faith, commonly called the New Hampshire Confession, extensively used by the Baptist churches as a statement of their belief, were written by him while a pastor in New Hampshire. and revised in 1852. He also wrote in verse, one of his best efforts being a translation of the Dies Irce. Buchanan, James, an American statesman and fifteenth President of the United States, born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1791, and died at Wheatland, near Lancaster, June 1, aged 77 years. The birth-place of Mr. Buchanan was at a place called "Stony Batter," among what are known as the "North Mountains" of the Kittatinny range of the Blue Mountains. His father emigrated to this country from Donegal, Ireland, and his mother, though born in Pennsylvania, was also of Scotch-Irish extraction. Mr. Buchanan graduated at Dickinson College in 1809 with high honor, and immediately commenced the study of the law, being admitted to the Lancaster Bar in 1812. In less than twenty years from the time that he commenced the practice, he had retired on more than a competency, and his name occurs in the Reports of cases in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania oftener than that of any other lawyer of his time. At the age of 23, Mr. Buchanan entered politics, being elected to the Pennsylvania legislature in 1869.] OBITUARIES. 777 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 1814. He was reelected in 1815, and in 1820 entered Congress, representing the district lately represented by Thaddeus Stevens. He continued to serve in that body until 1831, when he vol untarily retired, and soon after accepted from President Jackson a mission as Envoy Extraordi nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to St. Petersburg. In Congress he made his first speech January 11, 1822, on a deficiency in the military appropriation, supporting the Federal authority and arguing in defence of Mr. Crawford, then Secretary of the Treasury. He opposed the bank rupt law; favored a tariff for revenue with incidental protection only; discouraged entangling alliances with Mexico and the South American Republics, and earnestly protested against the islarrd of Cuba being in the possession of any European power except Spain, on account of its strategic importance to the United States. During his last term in Congress, Mr. Buchanan was chairman of the Judiciary Committee. Mr. Buchanan became a United States Senator from Pennsylvania in 1834. and he remained in the Senate until the beginning of Mr. Polk's administration in 1845, when he became Secretary of State and afterward retired to private life. Of general political measures, he favored while in the Senate the policy of Gen. Jackson with regard to French indemnity; argued in favor of the right of resident aliens to the elective franchise on the admission of Arkansas and Michigan; defended the preemption rights of settlers on. the public lands; advocated the annexation of Texas in 1845, and sought as early as 1835-6 to stifle the slavery agitation in its infancy by a resolution that Congress had no power to legislate upon the subject. During the administration of Mr. Polk, the settlement of the North-west Boundary disputes was effected mainly through his instrumentality, and the policy of Mr. Polk in our difficulties with Mexico in 1847 which led to the "Mexican War," was also as much the policy of Mr. Buchanan. On the accession of Mr. Pierce to the Presidency in 1853, Mr. Buchanan was appointed Minister to Great Britain. Mr. Buchanan returned to the United States in April 1856, to become the candidate of the democratic party for the Presidency, and he was nominated by the Cincinnati Convention in June following. The canvass was an animated one, but he was elected over Gen. Fremont and Ex-President Fillmore by a large majority in the Electoral College. His administration was a remarkable one. Mr. Buchanan remained at Washington until after the inauguration of Mr. Lincoln, and then retired to his farm near Lancaster, where he lived in dignified retirement until his death. Mr. Buchanan never married. Buel, Alexander W. a member of Congress from Michigan, born in Rutland county, Vermont, in 1813, and died at Detroit, Michigan, April 17, aged 55 years. He graduated at Middlebury College, in 1830, and afterward taught school in Vermont and New York, while preparing himself for the legal profession. He took up his residence in Michigan, in 1834. In 1836, he was attorney for the city of Detroit, and was elected to the State Legislature in 1837. He was Prosecuting Attorney for Wayne County, in 1843-44, and in 1847, he was again a member of the Legislature. He was a Representative in Congress, from 1849 to 1851. Cagger, Peter, an American politician, born about the year 1814, at Albany, N.Y., and accidentally killed while driving through the Central Park in New York city, July 7. Mr. Cagger was educated at St. John's College, Fordham, and at the Catholic College at Montreal. iHe adopted the law as a profession. and practiced at Albany for many years with great success. Although a leading politician in the state of New York for nearly a quarter of a century, Mr. Cagger never held office. Campbell, John H., a member of Congress from Pennsylvania, born in that state and died in Philadelphia, January 9. He was a lawyer by profession. His service in Congress was as a Representative from 1845 to 1847. Campbell, Thompson, a member of Congress from Illinois, from 1851 to 1853, born in Pennsylvania, and died at San Francisco, December 7. He practiced law in San Francisco for several years, and was Land Commissioner of California, besides holding the office of Secretary of State of Illinois, from 1843 to 1846. Cardigan, James Thomas Brudenell, seventh Earl of. born at Hambledon, October 16, 1797 and died March 28, aged 70 years. He served in the army for many years. In 1840, he was tried before the House of Lords for "felonious shooting" in wounding Capt. Tuckett, in a duel fought at Wimbledon Common, and was only discharged on technical ground. He was most distinguished for his personal gallantry as the leader of the famous "six hundred" at Balaklava. Carson, Kit, a noted American trapper and pioneer, born in Madison county, Ky., December 24, 1809, and died at Fort Lynn, Colorado, May 23, aged 58 years. While he was a mere infant, his parents emigrated to what is now Howard county, Missouri, where he was apprenticed to a saddler, at the age of 15. He continued at this occupation for two years, and then joined a hunting expedition to the plains. During the next sixteen years he led the adventurous life of a trapper, being hunter to Bent's Fort for eight years of this period. At the expiration of this long time he paid a short visit to his family, and on his return to the plains met for the first D869. 778 time Lieut., afterward Gen. John C. Fremont, whose guide he became, contributing in a great measure to the success of Fremont's Explorations. In 1847, Carson was sent to Washington as a bearer of dispatches, and was appointed a Lieutenant in the Rifle Corps of the United States army. He afterward served the Government in many ways, and was for a number of years Indian agent in New Mexico. He was instrumental in arranging treaties between the United States and the Indians, which had a good effect in preventing the massacres so common on the plains. A few weeks before his death he had visited Washington with a deputation of the red men, and after completing his mission to the government, made a tour of the principal cities in the Northern and Eastern States. While at Fort Lynn, on his return, he ruptured an artery of the neck, from which he died. Cattermore, George, an English painter, born at Dickelburgh, in Norfolk, in 1800, and died in July, aged 68 years. Devoting himself to art, he became distinguished as a painter in water colors, especially of historical and romantic subjects. He was also eminent in his representations of architectural works. He was one of the English artists who received medals at the Paris Exhibition of 1855. Christy, George, a delineator of Ethiopian eccentricities, whose real name was George N. Harrington, died in New York city, May 13. He was the original "Brudder Bones," and in his lifetime made more than three fortunes by his gift in "Negro Minstrelsy." He was very popular in New York, for many years, and was performing in Boston the week preceding his decease. Clark, Laban, D. D., an American clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, born at Haverhill, N.H., July 19, 1778, and died at Middletown, Conn., November 28, aged 90 years. His parents were Congregationalists, but he became a zealous dissenter from the tenets of Calvinism, and through the influence of some Methodist pioneers, was in early life brought into connection with that church. He commenced the work of the itinerancy in 1800, and during the next fifty years he held many and almost continuous appointments, in Vermont, New York, and Connecticut. Among the towns and cities in which he held appointments during his long life of labor, were Schenectady, Troy, Hartford, New Haven and New York. In 1851, he accepted the superannuated relation, and retired from the active work, and located his home at Middletown. Dr. Clark was one of the founders of the Middletown Wesleyan University, and the Missionary Society of his denomination was organized at his suggestion, when a pastor in New York, in 1819. The Christian Advocate says of Dr. Clark: "Methodism in theology, and Democracy in politics, were the most paramount things to him in this world. The collocation, we are aware, seems singular enough in our day; but no person who knew our dear old friend would admit that his character was justly portrayed without the mention of this fact." Cobb, Howell, an American statesman, born in Jefferson county, Georgia, September 5, 1815, and died in New York City, October 9, aged 53 years. He graduated at Franklin College, at Athens, Ga.; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1836, at the age of 21. The same year he served as a Presidential elector, and in the year following was elected Solicitor General of the Western Circuit, by the Legislature of Georgia. He held the office three years, and retired with a lucrative practice, to which he devoted himself until his election to Congress, in 1843. He served as Representative in Congress without interruption until 1850, and was again elected in 1855. He was the acknowacdged leader of the House, in the Thirtieth Congress, gaining this distinction by his efficient support of President Polk's policy in the war with Mexico, in 1347. Upon the assembling of the Thirty-first Congress, he was elected Speaker, after an animated contest, and the adoption of the plurality rule, by which his election was secured by a bare majority of three over Mr. Winthrop, there being twenty scattering votes. He favored the compromise measures of 1850, and as these measures gave rise to opposition in his party, from the extreme Southern rights men, he accepted the nomination of the Union party for Governor. After a violent contest, he was elected by the largest majority ever given to any candidate in Georgia. In the Presidential canvass of 1856, he advocated the election of Mr. Buchanan, making a tour of the Northern States, and was rewarded for his services by a place in the cabinet. He held his post of Secretary of the Treasury until near the close of Mr. Buchanan's administration, when he resigned, to go with Georgia into Secession. He was a delegate to the Provisional Congress of the Confederacy, was elected chairman of that body, and as such presided at the organization of the first Confederate Congress. He then retired to-private life, afterward accepting the positions of Brigadier General and Major General in the Confederate army. He took some part in organizing the nilitia of Georgia, but did not gain much distinction as one of the military leaders of the Confederacy. After the war, he was a violent opponent of the Reconstruction policy of Congress, and even counseled driving Northern emigrants to the South from the country. He was in the North at the time of his death, upon a tour of pleasure with his wife, and died suddenly of apoplexy, while in New York. OIBITUARIEES. 1869.] 779 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Coles, Edward, Governor of Illinois from 1822 to 1826, born in Virginia, and died at Phila delphia, July 7, aged 82 years. Coquerel, Athanase, a French Protestant divine, born in Paris in 1795, and died January 12, aged 72 years. He was educated at Montauban, where he finished his theological studies in 1816, and at the age of 21 was named minister of the Gospel. He resided for some time in Holland, being pastor of the French church at Amsterdam, preaching also at Leyden and Utrecht, but after an absence of twelve years he returned to France. He entered the Consistory in 1833, and exercised his ministry in Paris until his death, being at that time President of the Presbyteral Council of the Reformed Church. After the revolution of February, 1848, M. Co querel was elected to the primitive National Assembly from the department of the Seine, and was elected a member of the Commission to frame the new Constitution. After the election of President Prince Louis Napoleon Bonaparte on the 10th of December, he supported the gen eral policy of the new Government, and voted for the expedition to Rome in 1849, and for the re-establishment of the temporal power of the Pope. Notwithstanding these votes, he was re elected to the Legislative Assembly, and took his seat with the Centre, or party of order; but the coup d'gtat of December 2,1851, put an end to his official life. M. Coquerel was distinguished as an orator, and was author of a number of works. He published volumes of sermons in 1819 and 1852, "Le Protestant " in 1831, "L'Examen" in 1834, and more recently, an " Analysis of the Bible," "Answer to Renan's Life of Jesus," and other works. Coyne, Joseph Stirling, an English dramatist, born at Birr, in Kings county, Ireland, in 1805, and died in London, July 20, aged 63 years. He was the son of an officer in the Irish Com missariat, and was intended for the legal profession, but he broke away from an irksome and monotonous study to devote himself to literature. He went to England in 1837 and'soon be came noted as a playwright. He had previously produced three farces at the Theater Royal, Dublin, and he continued to write for the London theaters, especially the Adelphi and the Hay market, for many years. Mr. Coyne's popular farce "How to Settle Accounts with your Laundress," was translated into French and acted upon the French and German stage. He was for a number of years a dramatic critic and writer on the London press, and together with Mr. Mark Lemon and Mr. Henry Mayhew, was one of the projectors and original proprietors of Punch. He was author of several works of fiction, and of a work on the Scenery and Antiqui ties of Ireland. From 1856 until his death, he was secretary of the Dramatic Authors' Society. Cranworth, Lord, the Right Hon. Robert Monsey Rolfe, born at Cranworth, in Norfolk, December 18, 1790, and died July 27, aged 77 years. He was educated at Winchester and Trinity college, Cambridge. He was elected a fellow of Downing College in 1812, and in 1816 was called to the bar. Mr. Rolfe represented Penryn in Parliament in the Liberal interest, until his elevation to the Bench in 1850. In 1834 he was appointed Solicitor General, but resigning in consequence of a change of ministers in that year, he was re-appointed in 1835, and held the office until 1839, when he was made one of the Barons of the Exchequer. In 1850, he was ap pointed Vice Chancellor and created Baron Cranworth; in 1851 he was named one of the Lords Justices of the Court of Appeal in Chancery, and in 1852 was appointed Lord High Chancellor by Lord Aberdeen. He held the office until the formation of the Derby ministry in 1858, when he retired, but he was again appointed Lord High Chancellor in 1865, retiring with Lord Russell's administration the next year. After his retirement from office, Lord Cranworth paid constant attention to the judicial business of the House of Lords as one of the "law peers," and was very earnest in promoting all measures of social or legal reform. Dean, Julia, an American actress, born in Buffalo, July 22, 1830, and died in New York city, March 6. Julia Dean was introduced to the public through the efforts of her father, an actor of repute, and at once achieved a good success. She first appeared at the Old Broadway Theater and at the Astor Place Oper.-a House in New York, In the character of Julia, in the "Hunchback," but she achieved her greatest popularity in the South and West. After she had been about ten years on the stage, she married a Mr. Hayne of Charleston, S. C., from whom she afterward separated and obtained a divorce in the Utah courts. She had previously lived in San Francisco, playing in California, Oregon, Idaho, and Utah. She married a second time in 1866, but was scarcely known by her husband's name of Cooper, and retained her own name in the announcements for the one or two engagements she played after her return to the Atlantic coast. Mrs. Cooper left three children by her first marriage. Duffield, George, D. D., an American clergyman, born at the village of Strasburg, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, July 4, 1794, and died at Detroit, June 26, aged 74 years. He was educated at the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1815, was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Philadelphia. He at once entered upon the active work of the ministry in the Presbyterian church, and was one of the most active in founding the branch known as "New School." From 780 [1869. 1837 to 18S he was pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle church in New York, having previously preached in Philadelphia, but in the latter year he accepted a call to the First Presbyterian Church of Detroit, where he continued until his death. In 1849, during the cholera season, he was prostrated by disease, and the malady taking a chronic form, he spent a year abroad at the desire of his people, returning completely restored to health. Dr. Duffield married, in 1819, Isabella Grahame Bethune, sister of the late Dr. Bethune, and was the father of eleven sons, only five of whom survived him. Elliott, Charles Loring, a distinguished American portrait painter, born at Scipio, N.Y., in 1812, and died at Albany, August 24, aged 56 years. His youth was mostly spent at Syracuse, where he was placed in a store, but owing to the boy's distaste for mercantile pursuits, an attempt was made to educate him in his father's profession of architect. To this calling he also proved averse, and sometime afterwards became a pupil of Trumbull and Quidor in New York city. He did not take utip his residence permanently in that city until after he had made a reputation as a portrait painter, having resided in the western part of the State for about ten years after finishing his professional education. He first attracted notice by some creditable illustrations in oil of scenes in the works of Irving and Spaulding. As a portrait painter he won a very marked success, and acquired an independent fortune. His works were distinguished by fidelity to the origlinals, and a vigorous coloring that placed them far above the mere mechanical execution of his art. Of late years, he resided at Albany. For some time previous to his death, he had been suffering from a tumor on the brain, but that event is believed to have been superinduced by excessive labor in painting as many as ten portraits between the middle of March and the middle of July. Ellsworth, William W., ex-Governor of Connecticut, born in Windsor county, November 10, 1791, and died at Hartford, January 15, aged 76 years. He was the son of Oliver Ellsworth, and was educated at Yale College, from which he graduated in 1810. He was afterward Professor of Law in Trinity College, and was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1833. In 1838 he was elected Governor of Connecticut, and was re-elected four years. Gov. Ellsworth was for many years a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, and was well known for his legal attainments and fine culture. Engle, Frederick, Rear Admiral U.S. N., born in Delaware, in 1799, and died at Philadelphia, February 12, aged 68 years. He entered the naval service in 1814, and commanded the Princeton during the Mexican war. Fessenden, T. A. D., a member of Congress from Maine, born in Portland, January 23, 1826, and died at Lewiston, Me., September 28, aged 42 years. Mr. Fessenden, who was the brother of the Hon. William Pitt Fessenden, was educated at Bowdoin College, where he graduated in 1845. He adopted the profession of the law, and was chosen attorney of Androscoggin county in 1861. He was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1860, and was elected a Representative in Congress in 1862, to fill the unexpired term of C. W. Walton, resigned. Finney, Darwin A., a member of the Fortieth Congress from Pennsylvania, born at Shrewsbury, Vt., in 1814, and died in Brussels, Belgium, August 25, aged 54 years. Mr. Finney removed to Meadville, Penn., in 1838. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Assembly in 1854, and of the State Senate from 1857 to 1860. In 1866, he was elected to Congress, but owing to ill health, he was in his seat only a few days during the short session of 1867, and in the autumn of that year he went abroad. His remains were brought home early in January, 1869, and buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery, near Philadelphia. Force, Peter, an American journalist and historian, and a noted bibliophile, born in New Jersey, November 26, 1790, and died at Washington, D. C., January 23, aged 77 years. In early life, Mr. Force became a printer in New York, where he resided until 1815, when he removed to Washington. He began the publication of the "National Calendar," an annual volume of statistics, in 1820, and continued it until 1836. From November, 1823, to February, 1830, he published the "National Journal," a political newspaper, which enjoyed the distinction of be ing the organ of John Quincy Adams' administration. He was Mayor of Washington from 1836 to 1840. In 1833, Mr. Force made a contract with the United States Government for the publication of a documentary history of the American colonies, of which 9 volumes appeared, under the title of "American Archives." He also published a series of tracts in 4 volumes, on the same subject. Thirty years were spent in the preparation of his work, and the collection of books, manuscripts and maps that he gathered during that time are unequaled for complete ness and value. These were purchased by the Government some time before the death of Mr. Force, and placed in the library of Congress. Ford, Thomas H., died at Washington, February 29, aged 54 years. He had been Lieuten ant Governor of Ohio, and commanded a brigade for some time during the civil war. IM.] OBITUARIES. 781 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Fulford, Francis, D. D., Lord Bishop of Montreal and Metropolitan of Canada, born in Sedmouth, England, in the year 1803, and died at Montreal, September 9, aged 65 years. He was educated at the university of Oxford, graduating in 1824. He held a curacy for a brief period, but in 1832, he was appointed rector of Trowbridge in Wiltshire, and the same year was made chaplain to the Duchess of Gloucester. In 1841, he was appointed rector of Croyden, Cambridgeshire, and the same year became minister of Curzon chapel, Mayfair, London. He was consecrated Bishop of Montreal in 1850, an office which he held until his death. Gannon, Mary (Mrs. Stephenson), an American actress, born in New York, October 8,1829, and died in that city, February 22, aged 38 years. She played in child parts at the Old Bowery Theatre when only six years old. In 1849, she married George W. Stephenson, a lawyer, but upon the death of her husband, which occurred a few years afterward, she returned to the stage, assuming her maiden name. At the time of her death she was a member of the company belonging to Wallack's Theatre. Gansevoort, Guert, a commodore in the United States Navy, born in the State of New York, in 1812, and died at Schenectady, July 15, aged 56 years. After being educated at the naval academy, he entered the service as a midshipman. He rose to prominence during the Mexican war while in command of the John Adams. At the outbreak of the civil war he was chief of ordnance at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, and subsequently had command of the iron-clad Roanoke. He was commissioned a commodore in 1866, and placed upon the retired list in 1867. Commodore Gansevoort was 45 years in the naval service, and spent 18 years of this time at sea. Gates, William, Brevet Brigadier General, U. S. A., born in New York City, where he died, October 7. He graduated at West Point in 1806. He served through the war with Great Britain, and was in command of Fort Moultrie during the nullification troubles in South Carolina. He also served in Florida and in the Mexican war, and he was for two years Governor of Tampico. Gibbs, Alfred, a Major General by brevet in the United States Army, born in the State of New York, April 23, 1823, and died at Leavenworth, Kansas, December 26, aged 45 years. He entered the military academy at West Point in 1842, and was graduated in 1846, being brevetted 2d Lieutenant in the Mounted Rifles. He served through the Mexican war, and was twice brevetted for gallant conduct. He afterward served on the staff of Gen. Persifer F. Smith, in California, and was serving in New Mexico at the breaking out of the civil war. He was taken prisoner in that territory, but was subsequently exchanged, and on coming lorth was given the command of the 130th Regiment of New York Volunteers, and served with distinction under Gen. Sheridan in the latter part of the war. At the time of his death, he had been in the Regular Army 23 years, and held the rank of Major and of a Brevet Major General. Gillespie, William Mitchell, an American author, born in the year 1816, in New York City, where he died January 1, aged 52 years. He was educated at Columbia College, after which he spent several years in foreign travel. Returning to this country in 1845, he published a spirited volume entitled "Rome as seen by a New Yorker in 1843-44." The same year he was appointed Professor of Civil Engineering in Union College, an office which he held until his death. Prof. Gillespie was author of a popular volume on "Land Surveying," and of a practical manual on road-making, entitled "Roads and Railroads." These works became standard authorities. He was an ardent admirer of the philosophy of Auguste Comte, and, in 1857, under the title of "Philosophy of Mathematics," he published an abstract of Comte's writings. Gilmer, John A., an American statesman, born in 1805, and died at Greenhoro', N. C., May 21, aged 63 years. Mr. Gilmer was admitted to the bar in 1832. From 1846 to 1856 he was a member of the Senate of North Carolina, and he was also a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, and of the Confederate Congress. Goodrich, Chauncey A., D. D., an American scholar, born in 1817, and died at New Haven, Conn., March 27, aged 51 years. He graduated at Yale College in 1837; studied theology, and was in the ministry until 1856. He was also Professor of Rhetoric and Professor of the Pastoral Charge in Yale College. Prof. Goodrich married a daughter of Dr. Webster, the lexicographer, and was editor of the more recent editions of "Webster's Dictionary," previous to the last. Grayson, William, Governor of Maryland from 1888 to 1841. Mr. Grayson was for many years an active Maryland politician. He died in Queen Anne's County, in that state, July 9, aged 82 years. Granger, Francis, an American statesman, born at Suffield, Hartford county, Connecticut, in 1787, and died at his residence in Canandaigua, Ontario county, New York, August 28, aged 81 years. He gralduated at Yale College in 1811, and began the practice of the law at Canandai [1869. 11-82 gua in 1814. He was prominent in politics from 1825 to 1842, being especially identified with the anti-Masonic movement of that time. He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1825 and 1826, and again in 1829 and 1830. In 1828 and 1830 he was the candidate of the AntiMasons for Governor, but was defeated by Mr. Throop, the democratic candidate, and he was again defeated for the same office by William L. Marcy, in 1832. He was four times elected to Congress, the first time in 1834 and the last in 1840. In 1836, he was a candidate for Vice-President of the United States, on the ticket with Gen. Harrison, and was Harrison's Post Master General during his short administration. Mr. Granger's well-known anti-slavery views at first prevented his confirmation by the Senate, and it was understood that he was to retire from the cabinet should he find it necessary to act with the abolition party. After his retirement from official life, in 1842, he never held office, but still manifested much interest in public affairs. Gurley, Phineas D., D. D., an American clergyman of the Presbyterian Church, died at Washington, D. C., September 30, aged 52 years. Dr. Gurley was for many years chaplain of the United States Senate, and pastor of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church. The late Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln both attended service at his Church, and he preached President Lincoln's funeral sermon. He was active in promoting the union of the Old and New School Presbyterians at the General Assembly held at St. Louis in 1866. Halpine, Charles G., an American journalist, better known by his norn de plume of "Miles O'Reilly," born in county Meath, near Dublin, Ireland, in November, 1829, and died in New York City, August 3, aged 39 years. He was prepared for and entered Trinity College in 1846, but the next year he married and came to Boston, where he remained for two years, employed upon the journals of that city. In'1848, he became French translator for the New York Herald, and after acting awhile-in that capacity, and as correspondent for several New York journals, he purchased an interest in The Leader, and assisted in editing that paper until the breaking out of the civil war. In 1861, he entered the military service as a private in the 69th New York Regiment of three months troops, but he was soon appointed Major and Assistant Adjutant General on the staff of Gen. Hunter, with whbm he served in Missouri and the Carolinas until transferred to the staff of Major Gen. Halleck. While serving in the South, he wrote the let ters of " Private Miles O'Reilly of the 47th New York." These letters were first written to a New York newspaper, and afterward collected and published in a volume. They were entirely fictitious, but their pungency and wit gave him considerable reputation. Just before his resig nation from the army, Major Halpine was appointed a Brigadier General.by brevet, and a Major in the regular army. In 1866, he was elected Register of the city of New York, a position worth nearly $50,000 a year, which he held at the time of his death. Gen. Halpine enjoyed some reputation as a versifier, and was the poet at the consecration of the Gettysburg National Cemetery in 1864. A poem published in The Tribune in 1854, beginning with the well-known line-" Tear down the flaunting lie," was attributed to his pen. Hampden, Right Rev. Renn Dickson, D. D., Bishop of Hereford, a descendant of the celebrated John Hampden, born in Barbadoes in 1793, and died early in the year, aged 75 years. He was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. In 1832, he delivered his Bampton Lectures, upon which Dr. J. H. Newman wrote a pamphlet in 1836, after he had been appointed Regius Profes sor of Divinity. Dr. Newman's pamphlet led both the High and Low Church parties to attack Dr. Hampden for heresy, and he was censured by the university convocation. The High Church party made a strong effort to prevent his consecration after his appointment to the See of Here ford, but were unsuccessful. Hartstene, Henry, formerly Commander in the United States Navy, born in South Caro lina and died at Paris, March 31. He entered the navy as a midshipman in 1828, and served un til 1861, when he resi-gned to enter the Confederate service. Commander Hartstene was best known as the officer in command of the expedition that rescued Dr. Kane in the Arctic Ocean, in 1855. Havin, Leonor Joseph, a French publicist, born at St. Lo in 1799, and died at Paris No vember 13, aged 69 years. He shared with his father, from 1816 to 1820, the exile to which the latter had been condemned as a proscribed regicide, and upon his return to France took up his residence at Caen. A liberal in politics, he was chosen in 1830 a delegate to enlighten the pro visional government upon the wants and wishes of the western departments. He held some local offices at St. Lo, was elected a deputy in 1831 and made secretary to the Chamber in 1839, but in 1842 in consequence of ministerial influence he was excluded from that office. After the revolution of 1848 he was chosen to the Constituent Assembly for La Manche. He generally voted with the Right upon all social and political questions. He was elected a member of the council of state in 1849, but remained for 14 years without a seat in the Legislative Assembly. In 1863 he was elected to Corps LIegislatif from Paris, but being at the same time a successful 18'1'9.] OBITUARIES. 783 candidate of the opposition for La Manche, he chose to represent the latter place. For a long time member of the departmental council (consul general) for La Manche, he was chosen to the same office for the canton of Thorigny in 1861 in spite of the opposition of the government. After the death of M. Perree he was political director of the Siecle, one of the most influential of the daily newspapers of Paris. Hawks, Right Rev. Cicero S., D.D., LL. D., Protestant Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri, born at Newbern, North Carolina, May 26, 1812, and died at St. Louis, Mo., April 21, aged 56 years. He was the brother of the late Rev. Francis L. Hawks, D. D., of New York, in whose family he resided from a child, and to whom he was indebted for his education. After taking orders he became in 1836 rector of Trinity Church at Buflalo, N.Y., where he continued seven years. In 1843 he became rector of Christ Church, St. Louis, and the next year was elected bishop of the diocese. He exercised the functions of his office for a quarter of a cen tury, and always took an active and leading part in the questions agitating the Protestant Epis copal Church, and in promoting the work to which he was devoted. Head, Sir Edmund Walker, an English author and statesman, born at Maidstone, Kent, in 1805, and died January 28, aged 63 years. He was educated at Winchester and Oriel College, Oxford, graduating a first-class in classics in 1827. He was for some years a Fellow of Merton College, and from 1838 to 1847 a commissioner and assistant commissioner of the Poor Laws. He was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick in the latter year, and held the posi tion until 1854, when he succeeded Lord Elgin as Governor-General of Canada. He resigned the latter position in 1861. Sir Edmund wrote learnedly on art; edited "Kugler's Handbook of Painting," and contributed a work on the "Shall and Will" controversy in Grammar. Herrick, Anson, a member of Congress from New York, born at Lewiston, Maine, January 21.1812, and died in New York city, February 6, aged 56 years. He received a common school education, and then learned the business of a printer. In 1836 he settled in New York and es tablished The New York Atlas newspaper in 1838, of which he was the editor and proprietor until his death. In 1853 he was chosen an Alderman of the city, and held the office of naval store-keeper under President Buchanan's administration. He was elected a Representative in Congress in 1862. Mr. Herrick was a democratic leader in New York, but early in life he was a strenuous anti-Mason. Higgins, Mathew James, an English Journalist, better known by his pseudonym of "Jacob Omnium," born in Ireland about the year 1810, and died at his residence in London, August 19. He was educated at Eton and at New College, Oxford, after which he served some years as an officer in the army. For more than twenty years he was a constant contributor to Thbe London Times, but in 1863 he withdrew from that journal and became one of the principal writers in The Pall Mall Gazette. He was also a frequent contributor to the Quarterly and Edin&butrgh Beviews, and Tlte Cornhill Magazine. His style was terse and vigorous, and he was a severe satirist. Hindman, Thomas C., a Confederate General, born in Tennessee in 1818, and was killed at Helena, Ark., September 27, aged 50 years. He served in the Mexican war as 2d Lieutenant in a Mississippi regiment. He afterward removed to Arkansas and was a Representative from that State in the 36th and 37th Congresses. At the outbreak of the civil war he entered the Confederate service and was appointed a Brigadier-General and afterward promoted to be Major-General. He first served under Buckner in Kentucky, and had command at Memphis. He was charged in 1862 with obtaining $1,000,000 from the Memphis banks under a pretended authority of Gen. Beauregard. Hindman was arrested, but his disgrace did not continue long, and he was again appointed to command in Arkansas. Hinds, James, a member of the 40th Congress from Arkansas, assassinated at Monroe, in that State, October 22, at the age of 35 years. Mr. IHinds was born in Hebron, Washington Co., N.Y., December 5, 1833. He graduated at the Cincinnati Law College in 1856, and afterward pursued his profession in Minnesota. During the civil war he served as a private in the Union Army, and at its close took up his residence at Little Rock, Arkansas. He was a member of the Convention which formed the present Constitution of the State, and was subsequently apointed a commissioner to codify the laws. Hopkins, John Henry, D. D., LL. D., an American clergymnan, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Vermont, was born in Dublin Jan.30,1792, and died Jan. 9, aged 76 years. He came to America with his parents in 1800, and after receiving a classical education passed a year in a counting room in Philadelphia. When only 19 years old he embarked in the iron manufacture in Western Pennsylvania, but failed in business in 1817 in consequence of the depression that followed the peace of 1815. He then read law and after six months study was admitted to the bar at Pittsburg. He practiced for a few years, but he afterward entered the ministry and became Rector i 84 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [186(). of Trinity Church, Pittsburg, in May 1824, at which time he was ordained. In 1826 he was cleri cal deputy to the general convention of the Episcopal Church, and again in 1829. In 1827 he was a candidate for assistant bishop of Pennsylvania, but the vote between him and Dr. Onderdonk being a tie, he elected the latter by his own vote. In 1831 Mr. Hopkins accepted a call to Trin ity Church, Boston, and became professor of Systematic Divinity in a Theological Seminary established at that time by the diocese of Massachusetts. The next year he was elected the first bishop of the separate diocese of Vermont, and accepted besides the rectorship of St. Paul's Church, Burlington. He soon began a boys' school, which enabled him to give remunera tive employment to a number of candidates for orders, but in erecting the buildings necessary for the purposes of the school, he involved himself in debt to such a degree as to require the sacrifice of his own property. He resigned his rectorship in 1856 to devote himself more exclu sively to the affairs of his diocese, and to building up the "Vermont Episcopal Institute." Dr. Hopkins was author of a number of works, mostly of a controversial character, on theological subjects, published since the year 1833. A history of the Church in verse was published a short time before his death, and at the close of the present year appeared the latest work from his pen, in which he corrected some views advanced in previous works, acknowledging that he had erred in confounding the Roman Catholic Church with Antichrist. In the early partof the civil war he published a work defending slavery, that attracted considerable attention because of the source from which it emanated. Dr. Hopkins married in 1816. At the time of his death he was pre siding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Hughes, Ball, an American sculptor, born in London January 19,1806, and died at Boston March 5, aged 62 years. He was placed for instruction under the sculptor Bailey, with whom he remained for seven years. During this time he gained a number of important prizes. In 1829 he emigrated to New York, his first work of importance in this country being the statue of Alexander Hamilton, for the Merchants' Exchange at New York, destroyed in the great fire of 1835. His most important work is his statue in bronze of Nathaniel Bowditch, in Mount Auburn, near Boston, a work that is crumbling away, owing to imperfect casting. Mr. Hughes was charged with using inferior materials that were corroded by the atmosphere, but more charitable judges attribute the imperfections of the work to a want of knowledge in this country at that time on the subject of bronze castings, and the poor appliances for producing good work. Ingersoll, Joseph R., an American statesman, born in Philadelphia June 17, 1786, and died February 20, aged 82 years. He graduated at Princeton, and was admitted to the bar in 1807. He was a member of Congress from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1841 to 1849. From 1850 to 1853 he was Minister of the United States to Great Britain. Johnson, Herman M., D. D., an American clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, died at Carlisle, Pa., April 5. Dr. Johnson was Professor of Philosophy and English Literature in Dickinson College from 1850 to 1860, and in the latter year he was elected President of that institution. Junkin, George, D. D., an American Clergyman of the Presbyterian Church, died in Philadelphia, May 20. During the last half century he was identified with the most important movements in the Presbyterian Church, especially in the controversy that resulted in the division of the Church into Old School and New School. On the organization of Lafayette College at Easton, Pa.,, Dr. Junkin became its President, resigning the position in 1841 to become President of the Miami University. In 1844 he again became President of Lafayette College, but resigned in 1848 to accept the Presidency of Washington College at Lexington, Va. When the civil war broke out Dr. Junkin was still at Lexington, but he remained steadfast in his devotion to the Union, and was compelled to leave the State as one of the many refugees from Virginia in the early days of the war. Soon after coming to the North Dr. Junkin accepted a Professorship at Lafayette College, retaining the position until the time of his death. The famous Stonewall Jackson was his son-in-law, having married a daughter of Dr. Junkin while residing at Lexington. Kean, Charles, an English actor, born at Waterford, England, in 1811, and died at London January 23, aged 57 years. He was the second son of the celebrated Edmund Kean, and was placed by his father at Eton until a change of fortune made his removal necessary, and he then resolved to adopt the stage as a profession. His first appearance was at Drury Lane, October 1,1827, as You n g Nortal in Home's tragedy of "Douglass," but it was not particularly successful. Neither were his after performances much better received, and it was not until October, 1829, when he was acting Romeo and Sir Edward Mlortimer in the "Iron Chest," at the Haymarket, that he was mentioned in terms of praise in the London journals. He had previously played in the provinces, and in October 1828, while performing at Glasgow, he had the satisfac 50 1869.1 OBITUARIES. 785 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. tion of being reconciled to his father, from whom he had been estranged owing to the separation of Edmund Kean from his mother. For his son's benefit Edmund Kean consented to play Brutus to Charles Kean's Titus, and father and son afterward played in conjunction at Dublin and Cork. Charles Kean made his first appearance in New York in September 1830, as Richard III., meeting with a cordial reception, and had the satisfaction of returning to England at the age of 22 with an established reputation. But his success in London was still slight, though at Dublin, Edinburgh, Manchester and other places he was received with marks of appreciation similar to those with which he had been greeted in America, and it was not until after his brilliant success at Covent Garden, where he appeared as Hamrnlet on January 8, 1838, that he became a favorite in the metropolis. His memorable appearance at Covent Garden in "Othello," as Jago to his father's Moor, Miss Ellen Tree playing Desdemon.a, was made on March 28, 1833, the failure of Edmund Kean's powers while performing, and his subsequent death, making it one of the most notable events in dramatic history. During his first successful engagement in London, Charles Kean appeared in only three characters, Hamlet, Richard III., and Sir Giles Overreach. Early in June of the following year he appeared at the Haymarket with equal success, and after making a second visit to this country, resumed his place at that theater in 1840. In 1842, while playing at Dublin, Mr. Kean married Miss Ellen Tree, and in 1845 in conjunction with his wife, visited the United States for the third time, his fourth and last tour through this country, his wife again accompanying him, being made in the year 1865. In 1850 he became manager of the Princess' Theater, and during the next ten years he and his wife were identified with the splendid revival of Shakspeare's historic plays, by the departure from conventional precedents and the adoption in their stead of costumes and scenery true in the matter of historical details. After 1860 Mr. and Mrs. Kean appeared in several short engagements both in Great Britain and America. Kearney, Lawrence, a Commodore in the U.S. Navy, born in Perth Amboy, N.J., November 30, 1789, and died at that place, November 29, aged 79 years. He entered the naval service as a midshipman in 1807, and in 1809 was ordered to the frigate Constitution, and subsequently to the President. In the war of 1812 he distinguished himself, and was made a Lieutenant. His next service was in suppressing the pirates in the West Indies under the notorious Gibbs, and in 1825 he was sent to the Mediterranean in the sloop-of-war Warren to protect American commerce from the Greek pirates. In the following year he bombarded Miconi, compelling the pirates to restore property belonging to American merchants. He was given command of the East India squadron in 1840, and served zealously until 1862, when he was placed on the retired list. He was commissioned Commodore in 1866. Kimball, Heber C., a Mormon Elder and one of the three members of the Presidency to whom all Mormondom is subject, was born in 1801, and died at Salt Lake City, June 22, aged 67 years. He was converted to Mormonism in 1832, the same year with Brigham Young, at Kirtland, Ohio, where Sidney Rigdon and Joe Smith erected a temple in 1836. Kimball and Young shared in all the vicissitudes of fortune of Smith and Rigdon, both at Kirtland and in Missouri. Kimball was ordained as one of the twelve apostles in 1835, and in 1837 he was sent with Orson Hyde from Kirtland, as a missionary to England. When the constitution of the Mormon Church was perfected by the creation of a First Presidency, Kimball was associated with Brigham Young and Daniel C. Wells in that office, and in the event of Young's death would have been his successor. Young was always accustomed to speak of him as the model saint, and he on the other hand always manifested the most sycophantic respect for Young. He was uneducated and was described as a cunning, cruel, and unscrupulous man, coarse and disgusting as a speaker. He gloated over the polygamic feature of Mormonism, and sometimes boasted that he had more wives than the Prophet himself, but this was always discredited. His claims to be the head of the Mormon Church in the event of Brigham's death, were reported to have been set aside in favor of Brigham Young, Jr., with whom Kimball had recently been in England upon the missionary business of Mormonism. Krummacher, Frederic Wilhelm, a distinguished minister of the Reformed Church in Prussia, a strenuous opponent of the rationalistic school of theology, and an author of no small reputation, died in Potsdam, December 20, 1868. He was son of the eminent theologian and poet, Prof. Frederic Krummacher. He was born in Duesburg in 1790, and for several years previous to his death was chaplain of the Prussian Court. Most of his numerous worlks have been translated into English and published in this country. Prominent among these are "Elijah the Tishbite," "The Last Days of Elisha,"' Solomon and the Shulamite," etc. His last published work is "David the King of Israel." In 1843, he was elected to a professorship in the Theological Seminary of the German Reformed Church at Mercersburg, Penn., which he declined with expressions of the kindest appreciation of the honor conferred upon him. 786 [1869-. Leeser, Rev. Isaac, Rabbi of the principal Portuguese Synagogue in Philadelphia, died in that city February 1, aged 60 years. He was born in Westphalia, and began his official minis trations in Philadelphia, in 1829. Dr. Leeser was for a number of years editor of the Occident, a publication devoted to the interests of Judaism, and was well known as a writer on controver sial subjects, and a translator of many devotional works. He was a man of great learning, and was held in great respect for his attainments. Leutze, Emmanuel, an American painter, born in Gmiind, Wurtemberg, May 24,1816, and died at Washington, D. C., July 19, aged52 years. Mr. Leutze emigrated to this country with his parents while he was very young, and his youth was passed in Philadelphia. He early showed much taste for drawing and sketching portraits, and in 1841 he went abroad to become a pupil of Lessing, director of the gallery at Dusseldorf. He had previously made some reputation by his paintings of "Hagar and Ishmael in the Desert," and "The Indian Contemplating the Setting Sun." Soon after becoming a pupil of Lessing, he painted his "Columbus before the Council of Salamanca," which was considered a great success, and in 1842 he obtained from the exposi tion at Brussels a medal for his "Columbus in Chains." About the same time he finished his "Co lumbus before the Queen," and "The Reception of Columbus at Barcelona." Mr. Leutze spent the year 1843 at Munich, studying the works of Cornelius and Kaulbach, and in 1845, having in the meantime studied at Venice and Rome, he returned to Dusseldorf, where he married. He afterwards continued to devote himself to historical subjects, producing many well-known and much-admired pictures, among the most celebrated of which in this country are his "Washing ton at Monmouth," and "Washington Crossing the Delaware." Mr. Leutze returned to this country in 1859, and was engaged in painting historical pictures in the capitol at Washington. One of the best of these works is his "Westward Ho I " in the interior of the south wing. At the time of his death, his family were traveling in Germany, and he was living in Washington with a young daughter. LAmayrac, Paulin, a French journalist widely known as a writer both in politics and belles lettres, of profound analytical power and great mastery of language, born at Caussade, (Tarn-et-Garonne), France, February 26, 1817, and died at Paris, July 11, aged 51 years. He commenced his studies at Montauban, and finished his education at the college of Henry IV. in Paris. In 1840 he began to write for the Revue de Paris, and from 1843 to 1845 was one of the editors of the Revue des Deux Mandes, besides contributing to other periodicals. The literary chronicle of the journal was under his direction, and he also contributed a series of articles under the general title of " Simptes Essais d'Histoire Litteraire," and a romance afterward published in separate form, entitled "L' Ombre d'Eric." In 1849 he wrote a five-act comedy, "La Comadie en Espagne," which, though never played owing to political events, obtained for him in 1855 the Cross of Commander of the Order of Charles III. of Spain. From 1852 to 1855, M. Limayrac was literary editor of the Presse newspaper, and in May, 1856, he became one of the political editors of the Constitutionnel. He was also a writer for the Patrie, and in June, 1861, he became editor-in-chief of the Pays, a position he left in October of the same year for the Constitutionnel. He was decorated with the Legion of Honor in 1856, in 1861 was promoted to a Grand Officer, and was the recipient of other distinctions. A collection of his literary contributions to the Presse was made in 1856, under the title of "Coups de Plunme Sinceres. Lincoln, Levi, ex-Governor of Massachusetts, born at Worcester, in that State, October 22, 1782, and died May 29, aged 75 years. He graduated at Harvard college and was admitted to the bar in 1805. In 1812, he was elected State Senator, and from 1814 to 1823 he was a member of the lower house of the Massachusetts Legislature, of which he was Speaker in 1822. He was Lientenant Governor of Massachusetts in 1823: in 1824 he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court, and was elected Governor of the State in 1825. He was re-elected for four successive terms, and was the first Governor of Massachusetts, who ever exercised the veto power. From 1844 to 1841, he was a Representative in Congress, and in the latter year was appointed by President Harrison Collector of the port of Boston, a position he held until 1843. In 1844 and 1845, he was again a State Senator and President of the Senate. He was the first mayor of Worcester, being elected to that position in 1848. Mr. Lincoln was a gentleman of liberal attainments and fine culture. Longley, Charles Thomas, D. D., an English clergyman and Archbishop of Canterbury, "Primate of all England and Metropolitan," was born at Rochester in the year 1794, and died in London October 27, aged 74 years. He was educated at Westminster, where he was put upon the foundation as a "King's scholar," and at Christ Church, Oxford. He took his Bachelor's degree in Michaelmas term, 1815, gaining a first class in classics, and then became a Tutor and Censor of his college, and also served the University office of Proctor. In 1823, he undertook the pastoral charge of the parish of Cowley, two miles from Oxford, and in 1825 and OBITUARTES. 1869.] 787 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. 1826, acted as a Public Examiner in the classical schools. He quitted Oxford in 1827, on being presented to the living of West Tytherly in Hampshire, but on the resignation of the late Dr. Butler, he accepted the post of Head Master of Harrow School, which he retained for seven years. In 1836, the See of Ripon was founded to relieve the See of York from a part of its res ponsibilities in the manufacturing districts, and Dr. Longley was appointed to the Episcopate by Lord Melbourne. On the resignation of Dr. Maltby in 1856, he was appointed by Lord Palmers ton to the Bishopric of Durham, and four years afterward he was promoted to the Archbishopric of York. Only two more years elapsed after his promotion to the See of York until the Archie piscopal See of Canterbury became vacant by the death of Dr. Sumner, in 1862, when the choice of the Ministry again fell upon Dr. Longley, and he was recommended to the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, as the man best fitted to fill the "Metropolitan" throne of "All England." In his Archiepiscopal administration there were but few salient features, the most notable act of Archbishop Longley being the calling together of the "Pan-Anglican Synod" at Lambeth, in 1867, to consider the case of Dr. Colenso, the bishop of Natal. He presided over the delibera tions of the Conference, and had a large share in drawing up the Pastoral letter of the Bishops to the Auglican Churches. Dr. Longley enjoyed the patronage of nearly 200 livings, and the value of his archdiocese was ~15,000 a year. He was left a widower some years before his death. Louis I., Charles Augustus, ex-king of Bavaria, born August 25,1786, and died March 19, aged 82 years. He was the son of Maximilian Joseph, king of Bavaria, and was educated at the Ulniversities of Landshut and Gdttingen. He took part in the campaigns against Austria, in 1809, and succeeded his father October 13,1825. The king had a strong taste for the fine arts, and managed the revenue of his kingdom with the strictest economy, that he might be able to enrich his Glyptotheca, a magnificent museum of sculpture, that he built, with the choicest works of art. He also erected other public works, and did much to infuse a taste for art among the people. He was the author of four volumes of "Poems," Gedic"lte, published in 1829, and a prose work, Walhalla's Genossen, in 1843. In the sphere of learning he was especially active in the encouragement of historical studies. His administration was at first liberal, but the king fell under the control of the ultramontane clergy, and was subject to their influence from 1831 to 1847. Popular discontent had grown strong in Munich, and the downfall of the ultramontane party did not allay the excitement. The supposed influence of the king's mistress, the well known Lola Montez, served rather to increase it. He created her Countess of Landsfelt, in 1846, and conferred many other favors upon her; but the popular clamor, on her account, ended in disturbances at Munich, in 1848, and she was driven from the country. Soon afterward (March 20), the king himself went into retirement, in which he continued until his death, having abdicated in favor of his son, Maximilian. Lover, Samuel, an English novelist, born in Dublin, 1797, and died in London, July 6, aged 71 years. Mr. Lover was the son of a member of the Dublin Stock Exchange, and first won his way to distinction as an artist. Starting as a miniature painter, his portraits attracted so much attention as to procure him many sitters from among the English and Irish aristocracy. In 1828 he was elected an academician of the Royal Hibernian Society of Arts, and was made secretary of the Society, but notwithstanding his success, his taste for literature led him to abandon art. While engaged as a painter, he contributed to a periodical a series of " Legends and Tales, Illustrative of Irish Character," and removed to London in 1837, where, encouraged by his success in Dublin, he devoted himself to literary pursuits. His "Irish Sketches" were published in that year, and in the year following, his best known work, "Handy Andy," appeared in Bentley's Miscellany. His "Songs and Ballads" appeared in 1839; about the same time, he composed a number of operas and expanded some of his tales and sketches into elaborate works of fiction, but finding that his health was beginning to suffer, he conceived the idea in 1844 of reciting and singing his own works in public. These entertainments, which he called "Irish Evenings," contained graphic sketches of Irish humor varied with songs and music of his own composition. They became very popular in London and the provinces, and the reputation that he acquired by his recitals induced him to visit the United States and Canada in 1846, where he was as successful as at home. On his return to England in 1848, he proceeded to illustrate his experience in this country by a second entertainment, which was also very successful. His last works are "Metrical Tales and Poems" published in 1859, "Lyrics of Ireland," 1858, and "Treasure Trove," 1844. Since 1856, Mr. Lover received a literary pension of ~100 per annum from his government. As a writer he was graphic without being polished, but his humor was irresistible. McCall, George Archibald, an American general, born in Philadelphia, March 16, 1802, and died at West Chester, Pa., February 25, aged 66 years. He was graduated at West Point in 1822, and served for a few years as 2d Lieutenant in the 4th Infantry. In 1831, he was appointed 788 [1869. aid-de-camp to Gen. Gaines, and was Assistant Adjutant General of the Western Department until 1836, when he was promoted to be captain. He was recommended for promotion by Gen. Worth for gallantry in the war with the Florida Indians, and was promoted to be Major and Lieutenant Colonel by brevet for gallantry in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palmna. In 1847, he was promoted to be Major in the 3(d Infantry, and while serving with his regiment in New Mexico, in 1850, was appointed by President Taylor Inspector General of the army, with the rank of Colonel of Cavalry. He resigned his commission in 185. At the outbreak of the civil war, in 1861, soon after the three months troops had taken the field, he was requested by Gov. Curtin of Pennsylvania to organize a corps of 15,000 men, to be called the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. With these he took the field, and near the close of the year he planned the battle of Dranesville, the first success of the Army of the Potomac. He continued in command of his division throughout the winter and spring of 1861-62, and though retained on the Potomac after the departure of McClellan for the Peninsula, he joined the army before Richmond, June S18, 1862, his division being attached to the corps of Fitz John Porter. On the 26th, he fought in the battle of Mechanicsville, in which the enemy were repulsed, and in the battle of Gaines' Mill, on the 27th, he held the extreme left of the Union line. The Pennsylvania Reserves suffered more in these two days than any division in the army, but preserved their organization intact, and gained a high reputation for discipline and valor. On the 30th, Gen. McCall fought, with success, a superior Confederate force at the crossing of the Turkey bridge, on the New Market road, while defending the wagon trains passing at that point. After the battle, while reconnoitering in the darkness in front of his line, he was surprised and captured, and was held as a prisoner in Richmond until exchanged in the following August. He suffered much during his confinement, and after his exchange he returned to his home in Chester county, and, owing to his impaired health, did not again resume his command. In 1862, he was a democratic candidate for Congress, but was unsuccessful. McGee, Thomas D'Arcy, a Canadian statesman, born at Carlingford, Ireland, April 13, 1825, and assassinated at Ottawa, Canada, April 7, aged 43 years. He emigrated to Boston in 1842, where he held a position on the press for a few years, but again returned to Ireland and joined the staff of The NVation newspaper. In 1847, he called a meeting in the Rotundo, Dublin, to oppose the later policy of O'Connell, and in 1849, he became compromised by the part he took in the Young Ireland emeute. Escaping to the United States, he established The American Celdt newspaper at New York. At first he was an ardent admirer and advocate of Republican institutions, but when the "Know Nothing," or American movement, developed itself in this country, he became a steady royalist, and soon afterward removed to Montreal. He was chosen Representative from Montreal in 1857, and from 1864 to 1867 was President of the Executive Council of Canada. He was the chief Canadian commissioner to the Paris Exhibition in 1855, and to the Exhibition at Dublin in 1864. He took a leading part as a delegate to all the conferelces to promote the Union of the British North American Provinces, and held the post of Minister of Agriculture under the new government. Mr. McGee enjoyed considerable reputation as a writer, his principal work being a "Popular History of Ireland," in two volumes, published at New York in 1862; and he was a man of marked ability as an orator. In the House of Commons, two hours previous to his assassination, he delivered an able speech on the position of Nova Scotia on the question of a repeal of the Union, and was just entering the door of his residence when he was shot from behind, the wound causing instant death. An Irish Fenian named James Whelan was afterward tried and executed as the murderer. McRae, John J., an American politician, born in Wayne county, Mississippi, and died at Balize, Honduras, May 30. He adopted the profession of the law, and afterward served in both branches of the Mississippi Legislature, being twice elected speaker of the Lower House. In 1851, he served for a short time in the United Statds Senate by appointment to fill a vacancy. Mr. McRae was Governor of Mississippi from 1854 to 1858, and a Representative in Congress from 1858 to 1861. He took part in the civil war, and after the close of the war lived abroad. Magee, John, a member of Congress from New York, born in that state and died at Watkins, April 5, aged 74 years. He was a Representative in Congress from 1827 to 1831. Mr. Magee was largely interested in railroads and coal mines, and was reputed to he worth $40,000,000. Mann, Abijah, Jr., a member of Congress from New York from 1833 to 1837, born at Fairfield, Herkimer county, September 24, 1793, and died at Auburn, September 6, aged 75 years. He was a member of the State Legislature from 1827 to 1830, and again in 1838. He began life as a teacher, and was afterward a merchant, postmaster, and Justice of the Peace. Mann, James, a member of the American Congress, born in Maine and died at New Orleans, August 26, aged 46 years. Mr. Mann began life as a teacher, and resided at Gorham many years. He was at different times a member of both branches of the Maine Legislature. He 1EG9.] OBITUARIES. 789 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. entered the army as a captain at the outbreak of the civil war, but he was subsequently made a Paymaster, and in 1863 was assigned to duty at New Orleans, where he remained until the close of the war. He was then appointed by President Lincoln, Treasury Agent in connection with the Customs, and subsequently by President Johnson in connection with the Department of In ternal Revenue. In 1867, he was actively interested in reorganizing the democratic party of Louisiana, and was in that year elected a Representative in Congress from the Second Louisiana District. It was mainly to his efforts that the proposition to furnish arms to the militia of the South was defeated. Marocchetti, Charles Baron, a celebrated sculpter, born at Turin, of French parents, in 1805, and died in London, January 1, aged 63 years. He was educated at the lycee Napoleon, and then entered the studio of Bosio. After studying in Italy, he returned to France in 1827, and the same year exhibited "A Young Girl Playing with a Dog." In 1831, he exhibited his "Fallen Angel," and about the same time executed for the Academy of Fine Arts of Turin a statue of Bishop Morsi, and without any reward, an equestrian statue of Emmanuel Philibert. The latter was his greatest work, and was the only thming sent by the artist to the Paris Exhibi tion of 1855. In 1839, Marocchetti was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. He afterward executed many works, including the bas relief for one of the triumphal arches of Paris, but in 1848, he went to England from political causes, and continued to reside in that country until his death. Among his late works are an equestrian statue of the Queen, executed for the city of Glasgow in 1854; an obelisk in granite to the memory of the soldiers who fell in the Crimea, 1856, and the Mausoleum of the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of Charles I, 1857. M. Marocchetti contributed his share to the national worship of the late Prince Albert, by a portrait bust of his Royal Highness, among the great number of busts executed by him during his residence in England. Marsh, John, D. D., an American clergyman and temperance advocate, born in Connecticut in 1788, and died in Brooklyn, N.Y., August 4, aged 80 years. He was educated at Yale College, and at 21 commenced the work of the ministry. Dr. Marsh was throughout life an unremitting advocate of temperance, and published many sermons and addresses on the subject, besides a hand-book, entitled "Temperance Recollections." He was also the editor of "The Temperance Journal," while that paper was published. Mattison, Hiram, D. D., an American clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, born at Oswego, N.Y., in 1814, and died at Jersey City, November 25, aged 54 years. Dr. Mattison was for many years a member of the Black River Conference, and Professor in the Black River Institute. He removed to New York City in 1850, where, on account of some difference of opinion between himself and the brethren of his church, he severed his connection with the Conference, and founded the Trinity M. E. Church in Sixth Avenue, over which he presided for a number of years. He afterward renewed his connection with the Conference, and in 1865 united with the Newark Conference. From 18S65 to 1867 he was pastor of the Trinity M. E. Church in Jersey City, but resigned in the latter year to accept the post of Secretary to the American and Foreign Christian Union. Dr. Mattison was a frequent contributor to The National Magazine, a periodical published under the auspices of the Methodist Book Concern, and upon the establishment of the Northern Independent at Auburn, N.Y., he became one of its associate editors. During the last few months of his life he attracted some attention from the stand taken by him in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church, and made himself especially prominent by the part he took in the alleged abduction case of Mary Ann Smith in New Jersey. Mayne, Sir Richard, K C. B., forqnany years one of the Police Commissioners of Lon. don, born in Ireland in 1796, and died at London, December 27, aged 72 years. His father was one of the Judges of the Court of King's Bench, Ireland. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, and took the degree of A. M. in 1821. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, in 1822. In 1829, he was appointed a Commissibner of the London Police, in which position he showed great executive ability, but he recently made himself unpopular by attempting to suppress the Sunday meetings of workingmen, an attempt which resulted in the Hyde Park riot. He further showed his eccentricities by a war upon dogs and the trundling of children's hoops in the streets, but in his earlier years he rendered valuable service, for which he was created a C. B. in 1847, and a K. C. B., civil division, in 1851. Menken, Adah Isaacs, an American actress, born in Chicago, Illinois, about the year 1832, and died in Paris, August 11, aged 36 years. Her maiden name was Adah Isaacs, the name of Menken being that of her first husband, to whom she was espoused before she became an object of public interest. Her marriage with Mr. Menken proved unhappy, and she afterward formed a liaison with John C. Heenan, the pugilist, while in California, which continued after she came to New York, in 1860. She claimed to be married to Heenan, but her charms, so 790 [1869. freely exhibited on the stage at this time that to her example the successful origin of the nude drama is attributed, were also used as the means of unnumbered conquests. Heenan subsequently disavowed the marriage. She was introduced to the New York public in 1860, by Mr. James Nixon, proprietor of the circus in Sixteenth street, where she sustained the character of Mazeppa with great success. Her success on the stage has been attributed to her fine figure and easy carriage and a free and debonair demeanor, that has never been excelled by those who minister to the prurient imagination. But Mrs. Menken must have had some genuine qualities as an artist, at least in the line she had chosen, and she made the character of Mazeppa her own. In 1864. she was engaged to appear by Mr. E. T. Smith, the lessee of the Theatre Royal, Astley's, London, in the only character in which she excelled, and for nearly two seasons she played the part with great acceptability to the public of the English metropolis, if not to the critics. During her second season in London, she appeared in a drama called' The Children of the Sun," written for her by Mr. John Brougham, but was unsuccessful. She continued to reside in Europe, and shortly before her death was playing in Paris to crowded houses. During her residence in New York she married Mr. R. H. Newell, better known as "Orpheus C. Kerr," but the relation proved unhappy, and in less than a year it was dissolved. While abroad, her name was associated in unenviable notoriety with those of Alexander Dumas, pare, the novelist, and Swinburne the poet, among others. Rumor credited the young English poet with being engaged in editing a volume of verse from her pen about the time of her death, which has subsequently appeared, dedicated, by permission, to Charles Dickens. Michael III.. Prince of Servia, born September 4, 1828, and assassinated at Belgrade, June 10. Michael Obrenovitch was the younger son of Prince Milosh Obrenovitch. He was educated together with his elder brother Milan, under the care of a Russian professor named Zoritch, and subsequently of a young Greek of Trieste. After the abdication of his father, consequent upon the revolution, and the death of his elder brother, which occurred three months after his being proclaimed Prince, Michael returned from the exile which he had shared with his father, and on July 8, 1839, he was proclaimed prince upon the terms of the proclamation of 1838. He proceeded to Constantinople, where the title and decoration of Muchir was conferred upon him by the Sultan in January, 1840. The first years of the Prince's rule were rendered unhappy by constant difficulties with Turkey, and in 1842, intrigue and faction so far succeeded that the National Assembly proclaimed the right to rule to be forfeited by the Obrenovitch family, and conferred the dignity upon Alexander Karageorgevitch. The prince spent the next few years in traveling in Europe, but upon the death of his father, in 1860, (restored to power in 1858), he again became the hereditary ruler of Servia, and in 1867, succeeded in compelling Turkey to withdraw the garrisons of the five fortresses in the possession of that government. He was assassinated by three men who suddenly fired upon him while walking through one of the,public parks of Belgrade, the charge being made that the assassins were instigated to the deed by the Prince Karageorgevitch. Miller, James F., a commodore in the U.S. Navy, born in New Hampshire and died at Charlestown, Massachusetts, July 11, aged 65 years. He entered the naval service from Massachusetts in 1826, and after passing through the various grades of rank, was promoted to be commodore in 1866. Milman, Henry Hart, D. D., an English author and divine, Dean of St. Paul's, born in London, Feb. 10. 1791, and died Sept. 25, aged 77 years. He was educated at Eton and Brazen Nose College, Oxford. He was author of a play entitled "Fazio," which was first produced at Covent Garden, and is occasionally acted even now. In 1818, he published a heroic poem in 12 books, entitled "Samor," and this was followed by the "Fall of Jerusalem," "Anne Boleyn," "The Martyr of Antioch," &c. Dr. Milman is best known by his prose works, of which his "History of the Jews" is perhaps the most important. This work was published in 1835, and was followed by a "History of Christianity," in 1840, and a "History of Latin Christianity," in 1855. He also wrote a "Life of Keats," edited an illustrated edition of Horace with a life of the poet, and furnished "Notes and Illustrations" to Gibbon's great work. He contributed numerous articles to the Quarterly Review, and in 1827, published "Sermons at the Bampton Lecture." He took orders in 1817, and was appointed vicar of St. Mary's, Reading. In 1821, he was elected Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford; was afterward made rector of St. Margaret's, Westminster, and in 1849 was appointed Dean of St. Paul's. Mitchell, S. Augustus, an eminent American Geographer and author of a popular series of Text Books on that subject, known by his name, died December 20, in Philadelphia, where he had resided for more than half a century. Monagas, Gen. Jose Tadeo, Provisional President of Venezuela, born about 1786, and died early in November. aged 82 years. Monagas was one of the few remaining contempora ries of Bolivar the liberator of Spanish America. On the outbreak of the revolution in South OBITUARIES. 1869.1 791 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. America, he entered the ranks, fought bravely, and won great distinction. When order was restored in Venezuela and Gen. Paez elected the first President of the Republic, Monagas en deavored to get up an insurrection to overturn the Government, but the attempt failed. Var gas succeeded Paez, when Monagas again raised the standard of revolt, but Paez took the field against him, and this attempt also failed. By the aid of Paez, who by this means hoped to give peace to Venezuela, Monagas at last obtained the goal of his ambition by being elected President; but after exercising his functions for two years, he overturned the government, proclaimed himself dictator, and drove Paez from the country. He ruled as dictator eleven years, but was finally overthrown'by a revolution in 1859, and compelled to retire to private life. During the recent revolution in Venezuela, although then more than eighty years of age, he took the fiel(I against President Falcon, and having vanquished him, caused himself to be proclaimed Provisional President of the Republic. But for his death he would probably have been again elected President of Venezuela. Mongkout, Chao Pha, King of Siam, born about the year 1805, and died October 1, aged 63 years. He succeeded his father, Phen Din Klang, in 1825, by right of being the eldest son of the queen. He was, however, set aside by his elder brothers, and then became a Buddhist monk, devoting much of his time to the study of science and language. He was a member of the Asiatic Society of Great Britain, and spoke English with much fluency. In April, 1851, upon the death of his brother Chao, he ascended the throne, and discarding the monastic dress he assumed all the insignia of royalty, taking the title of Prabat Somdet Pra Paramenthon Maha Mongkout. Among the first acts of his reign he established a royal printing press, and granted freedom of worship. In 1855, he concluded a treaty of commerce with Great Britain, and the next year with France and the United States. He paid great attention to the development of the internal resources of his Kingdom, and caused many roads, canals and other improvements to be constructed in various parts of Siam. Morehead, Charles S., ex-Governor of Kentucky, born in Nelson county in that state, in 1802, and died in Washington county, Mississippi, December 23, aged 66 years. He adopted the profession of the law. In 1828 and 1829 he was a member of the State Legislature, and again from 1838 to 1842, and in 1844 and 1853. He was three times speaker. He was appointed Attorney General of the state in 1832, and held the office five years. He was a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1851. In 1855, he was elected Governor of Kentucky, and was a member of the Peace Congress of 1861. After the breaking out of the civil war, he was fora long time confined in Fort Lafayette. His last days were spent on the plantation in Mississippi, where he died. Muzaffar-ed-din, Emir of Bokhara, died in the prime of life, sometime in July or August. He was the son of Nasrullah Khan, who put to death the British subjects Conolly and Stoddart during the troubles in Afghanistan; but the late Khan was distinguished for an extreme softness of character, love of justice and genuine piety. In consequence he was sometimes involved in religious wars with the unbelievers; but he seemed to have been inspired by a love of conquest rather than zeal against simple unbelief. In a war with the Khan of Khokand he was highly successful, but his struggles against the overwhelming power of Russia brought him to the brink of destruction. After the capture of Samarcand, a short time before his death, he was completely in the power of his victorious enemy. Forsaken by his subjects, by whom he was once adored, and abandoned by his relatives who intrigued against him, he did not live to see the capture of his capital or to accept the terms dictated by Russia. His death changed the hostile attitude of the Russians toward the Khanates into a friendly one, and seems to confirm the Imperial power in Central Asia. Narvaez, Don Ramon Maria, Duke of Valencia, a Spanish General and statesman, born at Loga in Andalusia, Angust 4, 1800, and died at Madrid April 23, aged 68 years. He took part at a very early age in the war against the Emperor Napoleon I., and rose rapidly in the army. In 1835 he fought so zealously against the Carlists on the breaking out of the insurrection in the Basque provinces, that he was appointed Brigadier, and gained great reputation by his pursuit of Gomez, the Carlist general in 1836. Soon after the close of the war in 1840, he quarreled with Espartero, and in 1841 joined in the attempt to overthrow that minister by an insurrection. Failing in this, he was obliged to seek refuge in Paris, but the expulsion of Espartero in 1843, was owing in a great measure to Narvaez, who was rewarded for his part in the movement with the title of Duke of Valencia. Espartero was opposed by the party of the queen-mother, Christina, who was then in retirement in France, and on her return to Spain in 1845, Narvaez became her prime adviser and kept down the Liberals until his ministry was overthrown in 1846. In May 1847, he was sent as Ambassador to Paris, where he engaged in the plots against the Queen formed by her mother, but in October of that year he was chosen President of the Council and 792 (1869. head of the Ministry, and retained the position, with the exception of a short interval, until 1861. He was then sent as Ambassador to Vienna, but in 1856 he was again called to the head of the Ministry. As he had before weakened his authority by ceaseless quarrels with Queen Isabella, he now impaired his popularity by strengthening the influence of the crown in the Senate, admitting to it the dignitaries of church and state, and making the dignity of Senator hereditary, so that it became necessary that he should tender his resignation November 1, 1857. Narvaez again became President of the Council and head of the new ministry in September 1864, and signalized his return to power by preventing the invasion of St. Domingo in January 1865, but in June of the same year he made way for the government of Marshall O'Donnell. In 1866 he returned to power for the fourth time, and remained at the head of the ministry until his death. Nicolson, Samuel, inventor of the "Nicolson pavement," born at Plymouth, Mass., and died at Boston, January 6, aged 76 years. He was also inventor of an improved apparatus for steering vessels. Noyes, Joseph C., a member of Congress from Maine from 1837 to 1839, born at Portland in 1798, and died at that place July 28, aged 70 years. He was a merchant by occupation, a member of the State Legislature in 1833, and Collector of the Passamaquoddy District from 1841 to 1843. Pendleton, John S., a member of Congress from Virginia, born in Virginia, and died at Culpepper Court House in that State, November 19, aged 63 years. He was appointed Charge d'Affaires to the Republic of Chili in 1841, served as a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1849. and became Minister Resident to the Argentine Confederation in 1851. Pickering, Octavius, an eminent American law reporter, born at Wyoming, Penn., September 2, 1791, and died at Boston, October 29, aged 78 years. Mr. Pickering graduated at Harvard College in 1810, and studied law at Boston, being admitted to the Suffolk County Bar in 1816. He assisted in reporting the proceedings of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1820, and in 1822 became State Reporter. His reports of the decisions of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts run through a period of 18 years, and fill 24 volumes. In 1842 he gave up the office of reporter, and lived abroad in England and on the Continent until 1849. Mr. Pickering was interested in science and natural history, and was an active member of the Boston Society of Natural History, and other associations. Poe, Adam, D.D., an American clergyman, born in Colutmbiana county, Ohio, July 21, 1804, and died June 26, aged 64 years. He received only a limited education, his youth being spent at work upon his father's farm. Having attached himself to the Methodist Episcopal Church, he entered the itinerancy in 1826, and in 1827 was admitted into the Ohio Annual Confereace. During the ensuing seven years he was a "circuit preacher" in various parts of the State. In 1835 he became Presiding Elder of the Wooster District, and continued on that and the Tiffin Districts for five years. From 1839 to 1852 he was stationed at Mansfield and Delaware for a number of years, and was Presiding Elder of different districts; but in the latter year he was elected assistant agent of the Western Book Concern, and re-elected in 1856, andin 1860 he was made principal agent and re-elected to this office in 1864. Dr. Poe was one of the best known clergymen in the denomination to which he belonged, and throughout the many years of his ministry was a sincere and arduous worker in the work he had chosen. He took a deep interest in education, and may almost be said to have been the founder of the Ohio Wesleyan Conference. Raphall, Rev. Morris Jacob, a Jewish Rabbi, born in Stockholm in 1798. and died in New York June 23, aged 70 years. He was educated at the Jewish College at Copenhagen, where he became entitled to the designation of Rabbi. He acquired the English language in England in 1812. From 1821 to 1824, he was at the University of Giessen, and took up his resi dence in England in 1825. In 1834 he comnmenced The Hebrew Review, the first Jewish periodi cal ever published in England. He translated the works of Maimonides, the "Book of Princi ples," and in conjunction with the Rev. Dr. Sola, eighteen treatises of the "Mishna." He afterward published a number of treatises in defence of Judaism. In 1841 Dr. Raphall was ap pointed Rabbi of the Birmingham Synagogue, and the year before he had been secretary to the chief Rabbi in England during the persecution of the Jews in Syria. He was always active in advancing the interests of his people, and among other things was prominent in promoting the Hebrew National School at Birmingham, In 1847 he wrote an address to the electors of Lon don, which had great influence in securing the election of Baron de Rothschild to Parliament. He emigrated to this country in 1849, and was at first Rabbi preacher to the congregation of the Greene street Synagogne in New York, and afterward of the congregation "Bnai Jeshurun," in Thirty.fourth street. He published in this country "Devotional Exercises for the Daughters of 1869.1 OBITUARIES. 793 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOQE AND REGISTER. Israel," and portions of his Biblical translations. Dr. Raphall was held in high repute for his learning, and was much respected both by his own people and the Christian public. Rives, William C., an American statesman, born in Nelson county, Va., May 4, 1793, and died at Charlottesville, April 26, aged 75 years. He was educated at Hampden Sidney and Wil liam and Mary's College, and then studied law with Thomas Jefferson. Hle was first elected to the Virginia Legislature in 1817 and a Representative in Congress in 1823. He served in Con gress three successive terms, and was then appointed Minister to France by President Jackson. On his return to this country in 1832 he was elected to the United States Senate, but resigned in 1834 and was reelected in 1835, and he was again elected to the Senate in 1840. In 1849 he was appointed Minister to France the second time, and retired from political life upon his re turn in 1853. He was a delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861, and he was afterward a mem ber of the Confederate Congress. Mr. Rives enhanced his reputation by publishing a "History of the Life and Times of James Madison." Robertson, Anthony L., an American Jurist, born in New York city in June 1808, and died December 18, aged 60 years. He graduated at Columbia College in 1825, and after several years study, entered upon the practice of the law. In 1846 he became assistant Vice Chancellor of the Fifth Judicial District, and he was afterward Surrogate of the County of New York by appointment to fill a vacancy. In 1859 he was elected to the Bench of the Superior Court, and was Chief Justice of that court from 1865 until his death. Rossini, Gioacchino, a musical composer of great eminence, born in Tesaro, near Bologna, February 29, 1792, and died in Paris November 13, aged 76 years. His musical talent was devel oped at a very early age, and while he was still a boy he was taught singing by a Bolognese master. He developed a remarkably fine soprano voice, but this failed him at the age of 16 and he was compelled to abandon his occupation as a chorister in the Bologna churches. After this he was admitted to the Lyceum at Bologna and studied counterpoint under Mattel, but he had made little progress in his art when he undertook to educate himself. He studied intently the best models, Italian and German, and produced some light operatic pieces of which the only one that has lived is the "L'ingauno Felice," brought out in 1812. "Tancredi" was produced at Venice in 1813. Rossini had acquired some reputation by his previous works, but this one all at once made him famous. Encouraged by its success he produced other operas in quick succession, but none of them equalled hisfirst c'sef-d'oeuvre in the enthusiasm it created, and all of them, including "Tancredi," have been eclipsed by his later works. From 1814 to 1822 he was musical director of the San Carlos theater at Naples, and during this period composed some of his most successful operas. In 1816 his "I Barbiere di Seviglia" was produced at Rome during the Carnival, and the greater part of it, it is said, was written within eight days. About the same time he produced his "Otello," which is still popular, and in 1817 "Cindarella" (Cene rentola), was brought out, followed by the oratorio of "Moses in Egypt." in 1818. The last of these is sometimes admirably represented in New York and Boston in its original form, but it has undergone two transformations to fit it for a too fastidious English audience, one of these having the fantastic title of "Peter the Hermit" (Pietro l'Eeremieta). La Cenerentola is well remembered in this country on account of the triumphs of Alboni in New York in 1855. After producing these and a number of other operas, Rossini took leave of the Italian stage in 1823 by the production of his greatest work, the magnificent Semiramide. The most brilliant opera evening in America was in the representation of this piece at the opening of the Academy of Music in New York, when Grisi sung and acted with more than the oriental splendor of the Assyrian Queen. The "Semiramide" was first produced in Venice, when lyric representations in the days before the Austrian conquest were the serious business of life with the Venetians, and was the magnificent peace offering which Rossini made them for previous grounds of complaint they had against him. In the same year that witnessed the production of "Semiramide," Rossini married Signora Colbran, a well-known prima-donna, but then past her charms, and in 1824 they went to London under an engagement, he to compose an opera and she to sing. The opera was not written and the prima-donna failed to please, but Rossini was everywhere feted, and realized $50,000 in a short time from concerts projected for him by the leaders of fashion in the metropolis. Proceeding to Paris he became director of the Italian opera there, in which position he remained until 1830. producing among other operas "Guillaume Tell," one of his greatest and most original works. He then withdrew from all professional exertion and retired to Passy, the only important work which he afterward produced being his well known "Stabat Mater." A posthumous opera is to be produced in Paris with Alboni in the cast. The list of Rossini's works is very large, comprising thirty-eight operas, two or three masses, nine cantatas and much miscellaneous music. Having separated from his first wife, who died in 1845, he married Madame Olympe Pelissier in that year, and afterward resided chiefly in Paris, his house being 794 [1869. the center of social, literary and artistic circles. He was promoted a Grand officer of the Legion of Honor and decorated with other distinctions, and a statue was raised to him at Pesaro, in August 1864, with great ceremony. Rothschild, James, Baron, the fifth and last surviving son of Meyer Anselm Rothschild, the founder of the great banking house of the Rothschilds, died in Paris, November 16, aged 76 years. He was born at Frankfort, May 15, 1792, and established himself in Paris in 1812, where he was the head of the French branch of the firm. Soon after his establishment in Paris he received the title of Consul-General of the Austrian Empire in France, for eminent services rendered to Austria, and in many other ways he contributed to the reputation of the house of which he was a member. Upon the restoration of the Bourbons many of the ancient nobility had recourse to him for financial relief. He mainly contributed to the construction of the St. Germain and Northern railroads, and many public works owe their erection to his munificence, especially synagogues and Hebrew establishments, such as the hospital of the Rue Picpus. He contributed 12,000 francs to the relief of the wounded in the Revolution of July 1830, and his influence under the reign of King Louis Phillipe was very great. But in the course of a few years the authority of his name visibly declined, and in 1847 when provisions were scarce the popular feeling against him became very bitter in consequence of the shafts hurled at him by numerous pamphleteers. The next year one of the first acts of revolutionary violence which led to the establishment of the Republic, was the pillage of his country seat at Sarennes. He was compelled to suspend his business but remained in Paris under the protection of M. Caussididre, and it was not until after the popular feeling against him had been appeased by a contribution of 50,000 francs to the relief of the wounded, that he could again engage in banking affairs. Under the Republic and the Second Empire the part taken by Baron Rothschild in the great affairs of state was not so important as in the preceding reigns, and he never regained the influence he had lost. S1lisbury, James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquis of, only son of the first Marquis, born April 17, 1791, and died at his seat in Hertfordshire, April 12, aged 77 years. He represented Weymouth in Parliament in the conservative interest from 1814 until he succeeded his father as second Marquis, June 23, 1823. He was a member of Lord Derby's first two administrations, being Lord Privy Seal from February to December, 1852, and President of the Council from 1858 to 1859. The Marquis of Salisbury was, at his death, Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex, High Steward of Hertford, Colonel of the Herts militia, and patron of eight livings. Seymour, Thomas H., ex-Governor of Connecticut, born at Hartford, Conn., in 1808, where he died, September 3, aged 60 years. He was educated at the Middletown Military Institute, studied law and then pursued the practice of his profession. Mr. Seymour was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1843 to 1845. In the Mexican war he served as Major of a New England regiment, and after the battle of Chapultepec he was promoted to be Colonel. In 1850, he was elected Governor of Connecticut, and he was reelected three times in succession. He was appointed by President Pierce minister to Russia, and served in that capacity, besides holding offices of honor and trust. In 1863, he was again the democratic can. didate for Governor of Connecticut, but he was defeated by a considerable majority. Slemmer, Adam J., an American general, born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, and died at Fort Laramie, of which he was commander, October 7. He graduated at West Point in 1850, and then served against the Seminole Indians in Florida, and afterward in California and at Fort Moultrie in Charleston harbor. Lieut. Slemmer was afterward transferred to West Point, and served as a teacher in that institution for four years. At the outbreak of the Rebellion, he was in command of a small garrison at Fort McRae, near Mobile, and distinguished himself by throwing his small force of 80 men, some of them marines from the steamer Wyan. dotte then in Pensacola bay, into Fort Pickens on the opposite shore and about a mile distant from Fort McRae. He secured himself against attack from the latter place by spiking the guns and ramming the tompions so firmly into the muzzles that they had to be bored out. Lieut. Slemmer held Fort Pickens without reinforcements while all the other military works of the United States were being seized and garrisoned by hostile forces in the last days of Mr. Buchan an's administration, and it was not until the 20th of April that he yielded precedence to Col. Brown, who had been sent to occupy the Fort with tan ample garrison. Lieut. Slemmer was promoted to be Brigadier General of Volunteers in reward for his services, and continued to serve with ability and zeal until his death. Smith, Benjamin Franklin, Brevet Brigadier General U.S. A., born at Trenton, N.J. in 1831, and died at Fort Reno, Wyoming territory, in August, aged 37 years. Gen. Smith was 1869.] OBITUARIES. 795 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. graduated from the Military Academy at West Point, and served through the civil war with credit. Smith, Seba, an American journalist and author of "Major Jack Downing's Letters," was born in Buckfield, Maine, September 14, 1792, and died at Patchogue, L. I., July 29, aged 76 years. He was educated at Brunswick College, where he graduated in 1818, afterward adopting the profession of journalist. He first formed a connection with the press in Portland, where he remained until his removal to New York, in 1842. During the political excitement of the time, when Gen. Jackson was the leading spirit in national affairs, he wrote a series of letters to a Portland newspaper over the signature of "Major Jack Downing," which attracted great attention and attained a wide celebrity. These letters were collected in a volume in 1833, and afterward were often reprinted, though they have long lost the place they once held in the pub lic mind. In 1841, he published a metrical romance entitled "Powhatan," and a collection of his tales and essays was published in 1855. A work entitled "New Elements of Geometry," which he published in 1850, is generally considered his most remarkable production. This work contained a somewhat vehement assault on the common definitions of geometry, main taining the ingenious paradox that the three dimensions of space-length, breadth and thick ness-were predicated upon lines, surfaces and solids. It made but little impression upon the scientific world, though it secured him the friendship of the French philosopher, August Comte. Mr. Smith was the husband of Elizabeth Oakes Smith, well known from her numerous poems, novels and tales. Sommers, Charles G., D. D., died in New York City, December 19, at the age of 76. Dr. Sommers was born in London in 1791, and emigrated to America early in the present century. In 1811, he was employed as confidential clerk by John Jacob Astor, but soon afterward turned his attention to the ministry. His ministerial labors extended over nearly a half-century, the greater part of which time he was actively engaged in mission and reformatory work under the auspices of the American Tract Society, which he served without compensation for 23 years, the Bible Society, and the American and Foreign Bible Society. He also founded the American Baptist Home Mission Society, and, in connection with the Rev. Mr. Griffiths, es tablished the first Sunday school in America upon the plan of Robert Raikes, in Division street. Steele, Frederic, an American general, born in Delhi, Delaware county, N.Y., and died at San Mateo, January 20, of apoplexy. He was graduated at West Point in 1843, and appointed brevet 2d Lieutenant in the 2d Infantry. He served throughout the Mexican war, and was promoted to be first lieutenant and captain for gallantry at the battles of Contreras and Chapultepec. After the close of the Mexican war he was ordered to California, where he became Adjutant General to Gen. Riley. He afterward served on the western frontier, and at the outbreak of the civil war, in 1861, was appointed Major in the 11th Infantry, serving in Missouri. For meritorious conduct at the battle of Wilson's Creek, August 10, 1861, he was made Brigadier General of volunteers, January 29, 1862. Gen. Steele was for a long time in command at Helena, Arkansas, and captured Little Rock, the capital of the state, September 10, 1863. In 1864, he cooperated with the Red River expedition of Gen. Banks, but the check received by Banks necessitated the return of Gen. Steele's army to Little Itock. After the war he was in command of the Department of Oregon. Stevens, Edwin A., well known during the war as the owner and originator of what was called the Stevens' Battery, at New York, died at Paris, August 7, aged 72 years. His father, John Stevens, was a cotemporary of Robert Fulton, and like him a pioneer in steamboat navigation. At the death of the elder Stevens, in 1838, he left to his son Edwin the tract of land on which the city of Hoboken, one of the most important of the suburbs of New York, now stands. In the development and improvement bf this property Mr. Stevens amassed a colossal fortune, which, at his death, was said to amount to $18,000,000. He was one of the projectors of the Camden and Amboy Railroad, and was always intimately connected with its management. At the outbreak of the Rebellion, he had nearly completed a floating battery, and applied to Congress for assistance, which was granted, but not in sufficient amount to finish the work, and a subsequent proposition which he made to complete it was rejected by the Secretary of the Navy. Afterward, Mr. Stevens built and fitted out the Naugatuck, a one gun monitor, but his pet project was never tried or completed. His remains were brought from Paris to Hoboken for interment. Stevens, Thaddeus, an American statesman, born at Peacham, Caledonia county, Vermont, April 4, 1792, and died at Washington, D. C., at midnight, August 12, aged 75 years. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1814, and the same year removed to Pennsylvania, where he became a teacher in an academy. He was admitted to the Gettysburg bar in 1816. He con [1869. 796 tinned to reside at Gettysburg until 1842, when he removed to Lancaster. In 1833, he was elected to the Pennsylvania Assembly, and he was re-elected the two following years. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1837, and he was again elected to the Legislature the same year, and the last time in 1841. He was appointed a Canal Commissioner in 1838, but held the office for only a short time. In the Legislature, he was most distinguished for the part he took in promoting the educational interests of the people. Previous to 1834, Pennsylvania had no common school system, but in that year the present system was established under the leadership of Mr. Stevens in the Legislature. He afterwards opposed the attempts to abolish it with the same earnestness that characterized his exertions for its establishment, and succeeded in defeating in the House a bill for the repeal of the law which had been passed by the Senate. At this time, the anti-masonic movement had just begun. Among those who were most hostile to secret societies was Mr. Stevens, and he pursued his hostility so far as to have many prominent persons, among them the late Vice President Dallas, examined before a committee of the Legislature touching the secrets of the order. In 1835, Joseph Ritner, the anti-masonic candidate, was elected Governor of Pennsylvania, and Mr. Stevens became the principal adviser of the Executive. Near the close of Ritner's administration occurred the noted "Buckshot War," in which Mr. Stevens bore a prominent part. This trouble originated in alleged election frauds in Philadelphia county and other places, in the general election of 1838, and resulted in the Senate Chamber at Harrisburg being taken possession of by a mob while the Senate was in session, and the organization of two rival bodies, each styling itself the House of Representatives. Owing to the confidential relations of Mr. Stevens toward Gov. Ritner's administration, and the part he took as a member of the Assembly, much of the obloquy that resulted was poured upon his head. He was expelled, however, but sent back to his constituents, he published an address to the people of Adams county and was re-elected. From 1842, when he removed to Lancaster, to 1848, when he was first elected to Congress, and during the ten years intervening the first and second periods of his successive service, Mr. Stevens practiced his profession with great success, not only in Lancaster but the neighboring counties, and never entirely abandoned it, even amid the important duties of his active career in the House. In Congress, he wrought out for himself a lasting reputation. Neither the Thirty-first nor the Thirty-second Congress was concerned with measures to give a new member of the House particular prominence before the country; but in the interval that elapsed between the Thirty-second and the Thirty-sixth, grave issues had been sprung upon the people, and on his return to Congress in 1859, Mr. Stevens at once took a prominent position. He was chairman of the important Committee of Ways and Means during three terms, and was chairman of the Committee on Reconstruction of the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congress. He also served on other committees, his last important position being chairman of the Board of Managers on the part of the House in the impeachment of President Johnson before the Senate. He flamed the eleventh article of impeachment, and prepared an argument in favor of Mr. Johnson's conviction, based upon it. His health had long been seriously impaired so that it was often necessary to assist him from his carriage to his seat in the House, but he still kept about his active duties, both in and out of Congress, and his last public act of any significance was an attempt to read his impeachment argument before the Senate. He, however, proved too weak for the task. He originated some of the most important measures which have engaged the attention of Congress during the last few years. On the 8th of December, 1862, he introduced into theHouse a bill to indemnify the President and other persons for suspending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, which was passed. Mr. Stevens was always a decided opponent of slavery. To secure the perpetuity of the Proclamation of Emancipation, he offered in the House, on the 28th of March, 1864, a joint resolution abolishing slavery, but it was laid aside in favor of a resolution of similar import previously offered in the Senate by Mr. Trumbull. On the 27th of January, 1863, and a year before the adoption of a similar measure, Mr. Stevens offered a bill for the enlistment of negroes as soldiers, and he was always earnestly in favor of universal suffrage. As early as 1838, he refused to append his name to the present constitution of Pennsylvania, framed by a convention of which he was a member, because it contained the word white as applied to citizens. In nearly every measure of public importance, as confiscation, taxation, and the national finances, Mr. Stevens held what are generally considered extreme views. He was opposed to showing leniency toward the men who were engaged in rebellion against their government, but proposed holding their states in the condition of territories, and confiscating their lands to provide for the loyal population and assist in paying the national debt. He would have taxed government bonds, and desired their payment in " greenbacks" instead of gold. The Reconstruction policy of Congress was mostly his work, but the various measures for the restoration of the Southern states were tempered to meet the views of men of more conservative tendencies. OBITUARIES. 1869.] 797 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Stockton, Thomas Hewlings, an American clergyman of the Methodist Protestant Church, born in 1808, and died at Philadelphia, October 9, aged 60 years. Dr. Stockton was in the ministry of his church for nearly forty years, and was for several terms chaplain of the House of Representatives. He enjoyed the reputation of being a speaker of great power and eloquence, and was also well known as a writer. For a number of years he was editor of The Christian Iforld and The Bible Times, papers of his denomination, but resigned their charge because he was not permitted to use these journals to combat slavery. He published several volumes of sermons and poems, compiled the Methodist Protestant Hymn-book, and prepared a new edition of the New Testament. He manifested a deep interest in all the social and reli gious questions of the time, and contributed to whatever he believed to be genuine progress, both by his power as a writer, and his eloquence as a preacher. During the latter years of his life he had charge of the Church of the New Testament, in Philadelphia, but his failing health often prevented him from officiating in his pulpit. Stohlmann, Charles F. E., D. D., an American clergyman of the Lutheran Church, born about 1810, and died in New York City, May 3, aged 58 years. Dr. Stohlmann became pastor of St. Mathew's German Lutheran Church in New York, in 1838, and continued in that relation until his death. He was eminent as a preacher, and very successful in building up his denomi nation in New York. Stoughton, Edward H., an American general, died in Boston, December 25. He was graduated at West Point, in 1859, and served in New Mexico for two years, but resigned in 1861. In the summer of that year he was commissioned Colonel of the 4th Vermont Volunteers, with which he joined the Army of the Potomac. He was afterward made a Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and while in command of the 2d Vermont Brigade, he was captured by Mosby, the guerrilla, in a night raid upon his camp. He was confined for some time in Libby Prison, but resigned from the army immediately upon his release. Hle then began the practice of the law in New York City, but impaired health compelled him to relinquish the profession, and he re tired to Boston. Theodorus, King of Abyssinia, killed in battle with the British troops under Gen. Napier, before Magdala, April 13, was born of humble parentage, in Quard, on the borders of Western Amhara, about 1821, and was educated in a convent, where he had been placed under restraint by his mother. His original name was Dejajmatch Kasai. Escaping from the convent to his uncle, Dejatch Comfu, a noted rebel, he imbibed a taste for manly sports and military pursuits. Naturally ambitious and politic, he obtained authority among the chiefs of Abyssinia, and his power continued to increase at the expense of the other "Ras" or chiefs, until he felt himself strong enough to claim the throne. In 1853, he defeated his father-in-law, Ras Ali, in battle, and took him prisoner, and in 1855, was crowned as King of Abyssinia, by Abuna Salama, the head of the Church. His reign soon proved the most effective Abyssinia had ever had. When he first came into power he felt the necessity of maintaining friendly relations with Great Britain, on account of the Indian possessions of the English, and their foothold in Aden. A treaty had been made between Great Britain and Abyssinia, in 1849, and ratified in 1852, by which it was agreed that each country should be represented at the court of the other by an embassador. In 1863, Theodorus wrote an autograph letter to Queen Victoria, asking permission to send an embassy to London, but the letter remained unanswered, and the embassy was not sent. Neither did the English have a regularly accredited agent in Abyssinia, but Mr. Plowden, who had long been consul at Massawah, went to that country about the time of Theodore's accession with presents to the persons in authority, and succeeded in gaining the favor of tile king. Mr. Plowden, unfortunately, was killed, and his successor, Mr. Cameron, reached Abyssinia in 162. About this time, Mr. Stern, an English missionary, wrote a book, in which he reflected upon the character of the king, and accused him of great cruelty, in flogging two interpreters to death. Enraged at these animadversions, and perhaps piqued at the neglect betrayed by the unanswered letter, King Theodore, about the beginning of 1864, sent a force to the missionary station, seized the missionaries, and put them in chains. He also seized Mr. Cameron, and kept him constantly chained to an Abyssinian soldier. These outrages produced great excitement in England. The British Government at first tried to effect the release of the prisoners by diplomacy, and Mr. Rassam, an Asiatic, was sent to the King early in 1866, for that purpose. Theodorus agreed to the release of his captives; but when Mr. Rassam sought to depart, he was also detained. The King then wrote another letter to the Queen, in which he attributed Mr. Rassam's detention to a desire to consult with him on the relations of the two countries, and the bearer of this letter carried one from Mr. Rassam also, requesting that some English artisans should be sent to Abyssinia. The English Government engaged these, and having sent them to the coast of Abyssinia, notified the King that they would enter his service if the cap [1869. 798 tives were released. This not being done, the artizans returned to England. After exhausting all diplomatic resources, the English Government, in 1867, declared war against Theodore. The first troops made their appearance in the country in October, 1867, but it was not until the beginning of the next year that the whole army arrived. The troops were under the command of Sir Robert, now Lord Napier, then commanding at Bombay, and were either natives of India, or English soldiers long accustomed to the climate of the East. The distance from the landing place to Magdala, the capital of Theodore, is about 300 miles. The English had to overcome great difficulties upon the march, and were continually watched and harrassed by the forces of the King; but it was not until they had reached Magdala, that Theodore risked a battle. Here he made a stand, however, and fought bravely for his crown, but he was defeated and slain, and his capital captured by the English. Thompson, Waddy, a member of Congress from South Carolina, born in Pickensville, in that State, September 8, 1798, and died at Tallahassee, Florida, November 23, aged 70 years. He graduated at the South Carolina College, in 1814, and was admitted to the bar in 1819. Mr. Thompson served in the South Carolina Legislature, and was at one time Solicitor for the Western Circuit of that State. He was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1841, and in 1842, was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico. He also served as a Presidential elector, and attained to the rank of Brigadier-General of the South Carolina militia. Tod, David, ex-Governor of Ohio, born at Youngstown, Mahoning County, February 21, 1805, and died November 13, aged 64 years. Mr. Tod studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1827. In 1844, he was the democratic candidate for Governor, but was beaten by a small majority. He was appointed Minister to Brazil, by President Polk, in 1847, and represented the United States at that court until 1852. He continued to act with the Democratic party until 1860, when he was a member of the Charleston Convention, and one of the strongest supporters of Mr. Douglas. After the withdrawal of the Southern wing of the party at Baltimore, headed by the President of the Convention, Caleb Cushing of Massachusetts, Mr. Tod became presiding officer by virtue of being the First Vice President of that body. He was a strong advocate of "Peace measures," both before and after the "Peace Congress" held at Washington previous to the civil war, but after the beginning of hostilities was an active war man. In 1861, he was the candidate of the Republicans and war Democrats for Governor of Ohio, and was elected by over 55,000 majority. Tracy, Andrew, a member of Congress from Vermont, died at Woodstock, October 28, aged 70 years. He was educated for the law, and became eminent in his profession. Mr. Tracy was a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1855, and he was for ten years a member of both branches of the Vermont Legislature. He was Speaker of the Assembly from 1842 to 1845. Vassar, Matthew, founder of Vassar college, born in Norfolk, England, in 1792, and died at Poughkeepsie, N.Y., June 23, aged 76 years. His father emigrated to the United States in 1796 and settled near Poughkeepsie, where he engaged in the occupation of a brewer, which was also the business of the son. By steady industry, Mr. Vassar acquired a large fortune. In 18f61, he gave $408,000 for founding the Vassar Female college, accompanying the gift with a statement of his wishes.. It was his purpose to offer young women the highest educational facilities at a moderate charge, but to admit as beneficiaries those who could not defray the expense. The college has been in successful operation for a number of years. It was Mr. Vassar's custom to read an address to the Trustees of the College at their annual meeting, and while engaged in this duty, he sunk back in his chair and suddenly expired. Vaughan, Robert, D.D., an English dissenting minister, born in 1795, and died in London, June 20, aged 73 years. Dr. Vaughan was self-educated, and entered the Congregational ministry early in life. His first pastorate was at Worcester, where he labored for six years, and then became minister of the chapel at Kensington, and Professor of History in the University of Lon-' don. He published his "Life of Wickliffe" in 1828, and "Memorials of the Stuart D)ynasty" in 1834, and in the next few years he produced a number of other volumes, mostly of a religious character, which recommended him to the committee of the Lancashire Independent college at Manchester, seeking a president for that institution. He was chosen to the position in 1843, and filled it for fourteen years, when he retired to devote himself more exclusively to literary pursuits. He also held a pastorate at Uxbridge for a short time. Dr. Vaughan was the founder and editor of the British Quarterly Review. Among the books of his later years were his "Memorial of English Non-conformity," and "Revolutions in English History," a treatise on Ritualism, a volume of Family Prayers, and other works. At the time of his death, Dr. Vaughan held a pastorate at,Torquay, where he had removed in the autumn of 1867. He had the reputa tion of being a man of great learning, and his sermons, won him the respect of circles where Congregationalism had been unknown or despised. 1869.1 OBITUARIES. 799 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. Walewski, (Comte de), Florian Alexander Joseph Colona, a French statesman, born May 4, 1810, and died September 27, aged 58 years. He was reputed the natural son of the Emperor Napoleon I. by a noble Polish lady of great beauty. Count Walewski was educated at Geneva, and in early life devoted his exertions to the cause of Poland, but afterward escaped to France against the consent of the Grand Duke Constantine. After the revolution of July, 1830, he entered the French army and rose to a captaincy. He was one of the founders and editors of the iTessager newspaper, wrote a number of political pamphlets, and produced several plays, but without much success. In 1840, he was sent on a mission to Egypt by M. Thiers, and was Minister to Buenos Ayres under the ministry of M. Guizot. He was in the latter country at the breaking out of the Revolution of 1848, and on his return to Paris was sent by President Louis Napoleon as Minister Plenipotentiary to Florence and afterward to Naples, and in 1854, he was appointed Ambassador to England. Count Walewslki was recalled in May, 1855, to be come Minister for Foreign Affairs, and presided over the Conference at Paris in the spring of 1856. which met to conclude a treaty of peace with Russia. He was succeeded in 1859 by M. Thouvenel, and became Minister of State, in place of M. Fould. He resigned ill 1863 in conse quence of his warm sympathies with the insurrection of Poland. From September, 1865, to March, 1867, he was President of the Corps Legislatif, was made a Senator in April, 1855, and a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1852. Count Walewski was twice married. Wells, Samuel, Governor of Maine from 1856 to 1857, and a Judge of the Supreme Court of that State, died at Boston, July 15. Whittlesey, Thomas T., a member of Congress from Connecticut from 1836 to 1839, born in that State, and died at Madison, Wisconsin, September 1, aged 70 years. Mr. Whittlesey graduated at Yale college in 1817. He was a member of the State Senate of Wisconsin in 1852, having removed to Madison in that State some time previously. Wick, William W., a member of Congress from Indiana, born at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, February 23, 1796, and died at Indianapolis, May 19, aged 72 years. He received a classical education, and adopted the law as a profession. After pursuing his studies with the Hon. Thomas Corwin, he located for practice in Fayette county, Indiana, in 1820. In 1822 he was chosen President Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit, became Secretary of State in 1825, and in 1829 Attorney for the State in the same Circuit where he had been President Judge. Mr. Wick was again elected President Judge in 1831 and in 1850, serving each time the term of three years. He was a Representative in Congress in 183941 and 184549. In 1855 he became Postmaster of Indianapolis, but resumed the practice of his profession in 1857. Wilmot, David, an American statesman, born at Bethany, Wayne county, Pa., Jan. 20,1814, and died at Towanda, March 16, aged 54 years. Mr. Wilmot was admitted to the bar at Wilkesbarre in 1834. He was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1851. He was author of the proposition in the bill empowering President Polk to negotiate peace with Mexico, which declared that slavery should be forever forbidden in the territory acquired by the United States. This amendment was not adopted, but became recognized as the line of demarcation dividing parties on the slavery question. In 1848, Mr. Wilmot supported Martin Van Buren for the Presidency on the Free Soil ticket. He was elected President Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, in 1851. He resigned in 1854, but was re-elected, holding the office from 1855 to 1861. He was twice a candidate for Governor of Pennsylvania, and in 1861 he was elected to the Senate of the United States. In 1863, he was appointed Judge of the Court of Claims by President Lincoln, and held the position until his death. Wilson, James, a member of Congress from 1823 to 1829, was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1779, and died at Gettysburg, Pa., in July. From 1811 to 1822 he was a Justice of the Peace. In Congress he served chiefly on the Committee of Claims. After returning to private life, he was again elected a Justice of the Peace, the duties of which office lihe continued to fill until 1859. Woodruff, John, a member of Congress from the Second Connecticut District from 1855 to 1857 and 1859 to 1861, born at Hartford, March 26. 1809, and died at New Haven, May 20, aged 59 years. Mr. Woodruff was a member of the Connecticut Legislature in 1854, and Collector of Internal Revenue from 1862 to 1868. Wortendyke, Jacob R., a member of Congress from New Jersey, born at Chestnut Ridge in Bergen county, November 27, 1818, and died at Jersey City, November 7, aged 50 years. He was educated at Rutger's college, where he graduated in 1839. For several years afterward he was engaged in teaching, but studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1852. He pursued the practice of his profession in Jersey City, where he was elected an alderman. He represented his district in Congress from 1857 to 1859. 800 [1869. APPENDIX. TEE following amendment to the Constitution has been proposed by Congress, having passed the House of Representatives on the 25th of February, by a vote of 143 to 43, and the Senate on the 26th, by a vote of 39 to 13: ARTICLE XV. I. The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. II. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. It was ratified by the Kansas Legislature, February 27; by the Louisiana, Missouri, and Nevada Legislatures, March 1; by the Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin Legislatures, March 5; by the Maine Legislature, March 11; and by the Legislature of Arkansas, March 15. General Ulysses S. Grant was inaugurated President of the United States, and Schuyler Colfax, Vice President, on the 4th of March, 1869. On the 5th, the following persons were nominated to the Cabinet by President Grant, and were confirmed by the Senate: Secretary of State.............. ELIHU B. WASHBIuRNE......... Ulinois. Secretary of the Treasury.......ALEXANDER T. STEWART...... New York. Secretary of the Navy...........ADOLPH E. BORIE................ Pennsylvania. Secretary of the Interior.........JACOB D. Cox....... ev Ohio. Postmaster General............. JOHN A. J. CRRESWELL..........Maryland. Attorney General e...............EBE RocWOOD HoAn...... Massachusetts. Mr. Stewart, Mr. Washburne, and Gen. Schofield, Secretary of War, having resigned, the President, on the 11th of MIarch, nominated Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State; George S. Boutwell, Secretary of the Treasury, and Gen. John A. Rawlins, Secretary of War. The nominations were immediately confirmed by the Senate, and the Executive Department was fully organized, as follows: EXECUTIVE. IJLYSSES S. GRANT, - - Illinois. - SCHUYLERL COLFAX, - - - Indiana. THE CABINET. Scretary of State..............HAMILTON FIsH................New York. cretary of the Treasury........G. GORGE S. BOUTWELL...........Massachusetts. &cretary of War................ JOHN A. RAWLINS.............. Illinois. ecretary of the Navy...........ADOLPH E. BORIE..............Pennsylvania. Secretary of the Interior........JAcoB D. Cox................. Ohio. Postmaster General.............JoaN A. J. CRESWLL..........Maryland. Attorney General................EBEN ROCkwOOD Hoa....... Massachusetts. 51 801 President, Vice President, 802 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND RIIEGISTEIZ. [1869. MILITARY DEPARTMENTS AND DISTRICTS. The following military nominations were made by the President, and con firmned by the Senate on the 5th of March: Lieutenant General W. T. Sherman to 1)e General of the army; Major General P. H. Sheridan to be Lieutenant General, vice Shermani, p)romoted; Brigadier General J. M. Schofield to be Major General, vice Sheridan, promoted; Colonel Christopher C. Auger to h)c Brigadier General, vice Schofield, promoted. The following changes ill the command of the Military Departments and Districts were made in accordance with an order issued fi'om the Army Head quarters on March 5: Brigadier and Brevet Major General A. H. Terry was assigned to the Department of the South. Major General George G. Meade was assigned to the command of the military Division of the Atlantic, headquarters at Philadelphia. Lieut. General P. H. Sheridan was assigned to the command of the Department of Louisiana. Major General W. S. Hancock was assigned to the command of the Department of Dakota. Brigadier and Brevet Major General E. R. S. Canby was assigned to the command of the First Military District. Brevet Major General J. J. Reynolds, Colonel of the 26th Inifantry, was assigned to the com mand of the Fifth Military District. By another order, issued on the 16th of March, the following additional changes were made: Lieut. General P. H. Sheridan was assigned to the command of the Military Division of Missouri. Major General H. W. Halleck was assigned to the command of the Military Division of the South, to be composed of the Departments of the South, Louisiana, the Fourth Military Dis trict, and the States composing the present Department of the Cumberland; head-quarters at Louisville. Major General George H. Thomas was assigned to the command of the Military Division of the Pacific. Major General J. M. Schofield was assigned to the command of the Departmentof the Mis souri; Illinois, and Fort Smith, Arkansas, were transferred to this Department. Brigadier and Brevet Major General 0. O. Howard was assigned to the command of the De partment of Louisiana. The Department of Washington was discontinued, and merged in the Department of the East. The First Military District was added to the Military Division of the Atlantic. (See page 124). FORTY-FIRST CONGRESS.-STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE. Foreign Relations. Messrs. Sumner (chairman), Fessenden, Canieron, Harlan, Morton, Patterson. and Casserly. Coznmerce. Messrs. Chandler (chairman), Corbett, Kellogg, Spencer, Conkling, Buckingham, and Vickers. Finances. Messrs. Sherman (chairman), Williams, Cattell, Morrill, Warner, Fenton, and Bayard. Manufactures. Messrs. Morton (chairman), Yates, Robertson, Boreman, and McDonald. Agsiculture. Messrs. Cameron (chairman), Robertson, Tipton, Gilbert, and McCreery. Appropriations. Messrs. Fessenden (chairman), Grimes, Wilson, Cole, Sprague, Sawyer, and Stockton. Military Affairs. lessrs. Wilson (chairman), Howard, Cameron, Morton, Thayer, Abbott, and Schurz. Naval Afairs. Messrs. Grimes (chairman), Anthony, Cragin, Nye, Drake, Scott, and Stockton. Judiciary. Messrs. Trumbull (chairman), Stewart, Edmunds, Coiiklinlg, Rice, Carpenter, and Thurman. Post Office8 and Post Roads. Messrs. Ramsey (chairman), Pomeroy, McDonald, Harlan, Cole, Gilbert, and Thurman. Public Lands. Messrs. Pomeroy (chairman), Willianms Tipton, Osborn, Warner, Sprague, and Casslerly. 1869.] APPENDIX. Private Land Ctaims. Messrs. Williams (chairman), Ferry, Sawyer, Kellogg, and Bayard Indian Affairs. Messrs. Harlan (chairman), Ross, Corbett, Thayer, Buckingham, Pool, Davis. Pensions. Messrs. Edmunds (chairman), Tipton, Spencer, Pratt, Brownllow, Schurz, McCreery. Revolutionary Claimns. Messrs. Yates (chairman), Pool, Fowler, Brownlow,'and Saulsbu Clainms. Messrs. Howe (chairman), Willey, Scott, Sprague, Robertson, Pratt, and Davis. Distsvct of Columbia. Messrs. Hamlin (chairman), Pattelrson, Sumner, Rice, Harris, P and Vickers. Patents. Messrs. Willey (chairman), Ferry, Carpenter, Osborn, and Norton. Public Buildisgs and Grounds. Messrs. Morrill (chairman), Trumbull, Ferry, Cole, Stockton. Territories. Messrs. Nye (chairman), Cragin, McDonald, Schurz, Howard, Boreman, McCreery. Pacific Railroad. Messrs. Howard (chairman), Sherman, Ramsey, Stewart, Wilson, Ha Drake, Rice, Abbott, Fenton, and Scott. Mines and Minirg. Messrs. Stewart (chairman), Chandler, Anthony, Yates, Ross, Saulsb and Fowler. Revision of the Lawsof the Urited States. Messrs. Conkling (chairman), Sumner, Carpen Pool, and Bayard. To Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate. Messrs. Cragin (chairman), munds, and Davis. Printing. Messrs. Anthony (chairman), Harris, and Casserly. Libiary. Messrs. Cattell (chairman), Howe, and Fessenden. Enrolled Bills. Messrs. Thayer (chairman), Patterson, and Abbott. Engrossed Bills. Messrs. Ross (chairman), Buckingham, and Norton. Education. Messrs. Drake (chairman), Morrill, Pomeroy, Sawyer, and Corbett. CO0IMITTEES OF THE IHOUSE.' Ways and Means. Messrs. Schenck (chairman), Hooper, Allison, Maynard, Kelley, Bro Blair, McCarthy, and Marshall. Appronn-ations. Messrs. Dawes (chairman), Beaman, Kelsey, Washburn, (Wis.), Lawre (Ohio). Sargent, Dickey, Niblack, and Beck. Banking arnd Currency. Messrs. Garfield (chairman), Lynch, Judd, Coburn, Smith, ( Packer, (Penn.), Lash, Cox, and Jones, (Ky.) Judiciary. Messrs. Bingham (chairman), Davis, (N. Y.), Butler, (Mass.), Cook, Peters, ] cutr, Loughridge, Eldridge, and Kerr. Claims. Messrs. Washburne (Mass.), (chairman), Hotchkiss, Holman, Cobb, Stokes, Dockery, Stiles, and Moore. Reconstruction. Messrs. Butler (Mass.), (chairman), Farnsworth, Beaman, Paine, Ward, Y.), Julian, Poland, Whittemore, Beck, Woodward, and Morgan. Foreign Affairs. Messrs. Banks (chairman), Orth, Judd, Wilkinson, Sheldon, Willard, bler, Wood, and Swann. Reorganization of the Ciril Se?-vice. Messrs. Hotchkiss (chairman), Jenckes, Armstrong, M nard, and Kerr. 0n Ninth Census. Messrs. Stokes (chairman), Garfield, Banks, Allison, Laflin, Cullom, kinson, Haldeman, and Schumaker. Pac.fic Railroad. Messrs. Wheeler (chairman), Logan, Morrill, (Penn.), Van Horn; Hopkins, Buffinton, Lynch, Palmer, Roots, Van Trump, Voorhees, Axtell, and Wilson, (MiI Commerce. Messrs. Dixon (chairman), O'Neill, Ingersoll, Sawyer, Finkelnburg, Bennett, ( ger, Holman, and Potter. Public Lands. Messrs. Julian (chairman), Ketchum, Townsend, Fitch, Hawley, Win Smyth. (Iowa), Wilson, (Min.), and McCormick. Post Ofces and Post Rad(s. Messrs. Farnsworth (chairman), Ferry, Hill, Twitchell, B Tyner, Fitch, Smith, and Adams. lranufactures. Messrs. Morrill (Penn.), (chairman), Ames, Sawyer, Smith, (Vt.), Sanf Upson, Morrill, (Me.), Cleveland, and Rice. Agriculture. Messrs. Wilson (Ohio), (chairman), Longhridge, Fisher, Smith, (Tenn.), D Benton, Crebs, Axtell and Reeves. Indian Affairs. Messrs Clark (chairman), Van Horn, Shanks, Taffe, Bailey, Deweese, A strong, Mungen, and Trimble. 803. * 804 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. [1869. Territares. Messrs. Cullom (chairman), Ward, Taffe, Dyer, Pomeroy, Moore, (Ohio), Duval, Hambleton, and Cleveland. Revolutionary Pensions. Messrs. Deweese (chairman), Willard, Knapp, Gilfillan, Winans, Butler, (Tenn.), Rice, Rogers, and Smith, (Oregon.) Invalid Pensions. Messrs. Benjamin (chairman) Benton, Wilson, (Ohio), Hay, Phelps, Bowen, Strickland, Bird, and Sweeney. Roads and Canals. Messrs. Ingersoll (chairman), Ames, Cobb, (N. C.), Smith, (Ohio), Pros ser, McGrew, Wells, and Winchester. Mines and Mining. Messrs. Ferris (chairman), Sargent, Hawkins, Strickland, Pomeroy, Duval, Roots, Dickinson, and Briggs. Military Affairs. Messrs. Logan (chairman), Cobb, (Wis.), Negley, Packard, Stoughton, Witcher, Asper, Morgan, and Slocum. Militia. Messrs. Shanks (Ind.), (chairman), Clarke, Smythe, Boles, Donley Moore, (Ohio), Trimble, Reading, and Beck. District of Columbia. Messrs. Cook (chairman), Welker, Williams, (Ind.), Gilfillan, Boles, Hamilton, Cowles, Stone, and Knott. Revotutionary Claims. Messrs. Boyd (chairman), Ambler Prosser, Stoughton Witcher, Jones, (N. C.), Negley, Morrissey, and McNeeley. Public Eapenditures. Messrs. Coburn (chairman), Sawyer, Wilson, (Ohio), Hawkins, Knapp, Donley, Jones, (N. C.), Getz, and HIamill. Private Land Claims. Messrs. Orth (chairman), O'Neil, Dixon, Welker, Maynard, Wash burn, (Wis.), Swann, Knott, and Potter. Naval Affairs. Messrs. Scofield (chairman), Ferry, Stevens, Ketcham, McCrary, Hale, Archer, and Haight. Freedmnen's Affairs. Messrs. Dockery (chairman), Shanks, (Ind.), Bailey, Tillman, Hawley, McGrew, and Moffatt. Education and La. Messrs. Arnell (chairman), Beatty, Hoar, Townsend, Hamilton, (Fla.), Burdett, Tyner, McNeeley, and Rogers. Revision of Laws. Messrs. Poland (chairman), Ferris, Blair, McCrary, Hoar, Finkelnburg, Upson, Voorhees, and Johnson. Coinage, Weights and Measures. Messrs. Heaton (chairman), Kelley, Hooper, Hill, Davis, Shober, and Griswold. Patents. Messrs. Jenckes (chairman), Stevens, Smith, (Ohio), Tillman, Moore, (ll.), John son, Sanford, Van Auken, and Calkin. Public Buildings and Grounds. Messrs. Hopkins (chairman), Beatty, Smith, (Tenn.), Tanner, and Getz. Mileage. Messrs. Hawkins (chairman), Mercur, Packard, Stevenson, and Fox. Accounts. Messrs. Cake (chairman), Arnell, Buffinton, Kelsey, and Golladay. Expenditures in the State Department. Messrs. Bailey (chairman), Hale, Twitchell, Styles, and Archer. Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Messrs. Allison (chairman), Wheeler, Lash, Ran dall, and Briggs. Expenditures in the War Department. Messrs. Williams (chairman), Tanner, Cessna, Cobb, (N. C.), and Burr. Expenditures in the Navy Department. Messrs. Lynch (chairman), Cowles, Dickey, Hamill, and Reeves. Expenditures in the Post Office Department. Messrs. Moore (N.J.), (chairman), Bingham, Hay, Benjamin, and Mayham. Expendituares in the Inter'r Department. Messrs. Ela (chairman), Bennett, Packer, Strader, and Adams. Expenditures of Public Buildings. Messrs. Churchill (chairman), Ela, Phelps, Hoag, and Hambleton. On Rules. The Speaker (chairman), Messrs. Banks, Ferry, Garfield, and Brooks. GENERAL INDEX. ALASKA TERRITORY and industry, 483; description of the capital, 483; timber and min er a ls, 484; fisheriet, 484; furs, 484. ALBANIAN race, 576. ALBERT, Pri nce of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 562. ALDEBARAN, occultatio n o f, 19. ALEXANDER II., Emperor of Russi a, 582. ALGERIA, capital a e, 599; area, 599- population, 599; gover n ment-mili tary districts, 599 expend iture s, 599; ar my, 599; commerce, 599; products, 599. AMERICA, area, 523; population, 523 compara tive size, 52a3; history, 523-; independent states of, 523-524; languages of, 5g.n3-5524; re ligion of, 524; Eur opean po ssessions in, 524; 2 United States of, 59-522, (see United Statesy stat i stics of Christian ity in, 611; Roman Catholic Church in, 613; Protestan t Churches in, 616-622. ANAM, area and population, 592; division s, 503; emperor, 593; war-craft, 5e93. ANGLICAN Church, 616-617. ANHALT, capital, 561; area, 5 61; population, 561; reigning sovereign and family, 5 661 government, 561; re ve n ue, expendit ure and debt, 561; troops, 561. APPENDIX, 801. APPLICATIONS, f or admission to U. S. Mili ta ry Academy, 110; fo r a dmission to Naval Acad emy, 130; for appointment of cadet engi neers, 131; for pensions, 176; for patents, 182. APPOINTMENT, of cadets to Military Ac ademy, 110; of cadet engineers i n the Navy, 132. APPROPRIATIONS, for Freedmen's Bureau, 126; to supply deficiencies in various depart ments, 246, 248, 251; for U. S. Military Acad emy, 247; for Post Office Department, 247; consular and diplomatic expenses, 247; for expenses of Impeachment Trial, 248; for the support of the army, 248; for the naval service, 248; for legislative, executive and judicial expenses, 250; for sundry civil ex penses, 250; payment of invalid and other pensions, 251; for the Indian department, 252; for Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 25M; for executive expenses, 253. ARABIA, area, 593; population, 593; divisions, 593; Muscat, 593; manufactures, 593; the Wahabees, 593; holy cities, 593. ARCHBISHOPRICS and bishoprics, 613-614. AREA, of the United States, 59; (for separate States and Territories, see under each, also see different count7ies in each division). ARGENTINE Republic, capital, 5 25; population, 525; history, 525; classes of population, 525; immigration,525; govern ment, 525; election of President and Vice President, 525; Senate, 525; House of Re presentatives, 525; revenue, 525; public debt and currency, 525; army and navy, 525; commerce, 525; imports, 52.5; chief articles of export, 525; railroads, 525. 805 ABDUL-AZIZ, Sultan of Turkey, 590. ABSTRACTS of the Public Laws of the United States, 246-254. ABYSSINIA, chief town, 598; area and popula tion, 598; antiquity, 598; early Christianity, 598; divisions, 598; government and rulers, 598; emperor, 598. ABYSSINIAN Church, 616. ACTS of Congress, 246254. ADLERBERG, Count, Gov. General of the Grand Duchy of Finland, 584. ADJUTANT General's Department, 111. ADOLPHUS, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, 563. ADMIRAL of the Navy, 132. AEROLITES, 14. AFRICA, 598; divisions and subdivisions, with area and population of, 598; description of divisions, (see each division); religious sta tistics, 612, 614, 616. AGRICULTURE, department of, 183; commis sioner of, 183; statistics of, 185; progress of, 623. AGRICULTURAL, exchanges, 184; museum, 184; garden, 184 - statistics, 185; tables, 186; col leges, 212; iand grants, 193, 212. ALABAMA, Governors of, 64; U. S. Senators of, 71, 262; Representatives of in Congress, 74; collectors of customs in, 97; assessors and collectors- of internal revenue, 99; mail ser vice in, 155; land grants to, 174; tempera ture and rain-fall in, 186 i average yield and prices of crops, 188; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 196. Capital, 275; area, 275; population, 275, 279; settlement of, 275; admitted into the union, 275; secession of, 275; reconstruc tio n of, 2.34. 2 48, 275; governmen t, 275; legislature, 275 i qualification of voters, 276: militia, 276; _Judiciary, 276; election of judges, 276; United States courts, 276; Su preme court, 277; Circuit courts, 277; courts of chancery, 277; finances, 2'7: chief sources of revenue, 277; state debt, 277; education, 277; state university, 277, 278; common schools, 278; Board of Education, 218; school fund, 278- charitable and penal in stitutions, 278; Insane Hospital, 278, 279: Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 279; wealth and industry, 280; productions, 280; minerals, 280; commercial advantages, 280; bureau of industrial resources, 280; votes at presidential elections, 726. ALASKA TERRITORY, eclipse of the sun in, 13; extent of, 59; collector of customs, 97; laws of United States extended to, 253. Capital, 482; area, 482; population, 482, 483; situation, 482; exploration of, 482; Rtussian-American fur company, 482; ceded to the United States, 482; military district, 482;- boundaries, 482; character of the coun try, 482- climate, 483; rivers, 483; moun tains, 483; Aleutian islands, 483; wealth A. TIIE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. ARIZONA TERRITORY, Governors of, 69: dele gate from, 76; assessor and collector of in ternal revenue, 99; mail service in, 156 - gold and silver product, 220, 221, 650. Capital, 484; area, 484; population, 484, 485; organization of, 484; government, 484; judicia ry, 484; Supr eme cour t, 484, 485; United States court, 4 85- finan ces, 485- in detedlnI ess, 485; wealth and industry, 485; ruins of Spanish settlements, 4854 Indian hostilities, 48 nra surface, 485; produc tinon s, 485- Colorado river, 485- climate, 485- min erals, 486; lu mber, 486 - railroads, 486. ARKANSAS, Governors of, 64; U. S. Senators of 71, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263; collectors of customs in, 97;, assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 99o mail service in, 155; land grants to, 174; pedusion ers in, N176, l7; temperature and raidt-fall 186; average yield and prices of crops, 18756 prices of farm stock, 188. Capital 281; area, 281 population, 281 284; s ettlement of, 281 admitted into the union, 281; ordinance of secession passed 281; reconstruction in, 281; new constitu tion adopted, 281; p rovi sions of, 281* gov ernment, 281; legislatu re, 281; qu alification of voters, 282; Judiciary, 282 appointments of judges, 282; United States courts, 282; Supreme court, 282; circuit courts, 282; fi nances, 282: state debt, 283. education, 283' injury to literary institutions by the war, 288; declaration of Gov. Murphy, 283; pro visions of constitution with rerral to edui cation, 283; charitable and penal ~stitutions 283; Institution for the blind, 283; peniten tiary, 284; wealth and industry, 284- a,,ri cultural statistics of, 284; minerals,;284; value of property, 284; Bahks, 284; votes at presidential elections, 728. ARMENIAN CHURCH, 615. ARMY AND NAVY, 106. ARMY LIST, 111; general officers, 111* Adjutant General's Department, 111* Inspector Gen erals, 111; Chief Signal Officers of the Army, 112; Qtuartermaster-s department, 112' sub sistence department, 112; medical depart ment, 112; pay department, 113; corps of en gineers, 113; ordnance department, 114- en gineerbattalion, 114' regiments of cavalry 1st to 5th, 114; 6th to 10th, 115; regiments of artillery-lst to 5th, 115* regiments of in fantry-lst, 115; 2d to 14th,116; 15th to27th 117; 28th to 40th, 118, 41st to 45th, 119; pay of the army, 121; organization of, 122. ARMY PENSIONS, 175. ARM~ORIES AND ARSENALS, 123. ARTILLERY SCHOOL, 123.. ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT, 227. ASIA. eclipse of the sun visible in, 12: area and population of, 592; civilization, 592; Euiro-. pean possessions, 592; governments purely Asiatic, 592; religions of, 592; states and smaller divisions, 592; religious statistics, 611, 614, 615, 618-622. ASSESSORS of Internal Revenue, A. ASSISTANT Adjutant Generals, 108, 111. ASSISTANT Instructors and Professors in Mili tary Academy, 109; in Naval Academy, 129. ASSOCIATE JUSTICES, of the Supreme Court, 162, 147. ASTEROIDS, 14, 47.' ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT, 9* eras, 9; Jew ish calendar, 9; Jewish year, 9}; Jewish months, 9; Mohammedan calendar, 10; Mo hammedan year, 10; Mlohammedian months, 10; Miovable church days, 10; Cycles of time, ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT 10; seasons 10; risi'ng and setting of Mer cury, 10; eclipses for 1869, 11: lunar eclipse 11; eclipses of the stun, 12; table of eclipses visible in North America, 14- asteroids, 14; Venus and Mars 15- phases of Venus, 15; evening stars, 15; morniing stars, 15; ephemeris of'the principal planets, 16; son's declination for Washington,18. eclipses of Jupiter's moons, 18; tnoon'S place or longitude 19; constellations and signs of the Zodiac, 19; occultations of Regulus and Aldebaran, 19, hi,th water-at Boston 20; at New York, 20- at Philadelphia, 21; at San Francisco, 21; mean time of sun-rise and sun-set, 22-44, length and increase of days, 2244; moonh's phases, 2345; situation of the planets, 2345; mean time of begin ninf and end of twilight, 23-45; planetary conjunctions, 46; Saturn's rings, 46; sun and planets, 47; tide-table, 48; star-table, 49; latitude and longitude, 50-58. ATTORNEY Generail 80; duties of, 146. ATTORNEY General's office, 146. ATTORNEYS General, 62. AUSTRALASIA AND POLYNESIA, 602; table of area and population of divisions, 602; for divisions (see each division); religious statis tics, 612, 614. AUSTRALIA, r568. AUSTRIA, capital, 540; area, 540, 541; popula tion, 540, 541; history, 540; accession of the House of lIapsburi, 540; made an arch duchy, 540, constitution proclaimed, 540: races, 541; cities, 541; reigning sovereign and family, 541: list of sovereigns, 541; gov ernmen t, 541; Provincial and entral Diets 541: ministry of Austria proper, 542; con stitution of Hungary, 542; Hungarian min istry, 542; ministry of the empire, 542; af fairs common to all parts of the empire, 542; educational establishments, 542; universi ties, 542; revenue and expenditures, 543; public debt, 548; army and navy 5483 for tresses, 543; imports and exports, 544 Society of the Austrian Lloyd, 544; rail ways and telegraphs, 544. AVER6AGE price of principal products, 187; yield of, 187; price of farm stock, 188. BADEN, capital, 566; area and population, 566; emigration, 566 rei sning sovereign and family, 566; Legislative Chambers, 566 miistry,56; education, 566; niversitiesA 566; receipts, expenditure, and debt, 566; railways, 566; army, 566; telegraph lines, 566. BALTA, JosE, pr esident of Pe ru, 5 133. BALTIMORE, courts of, 360; comame5cie o f, 363. BAPTISTS, divisions of, 617; in America, 617; in Great Britain, 618;i on the continent of Europe, 618; in Asia and Australia, 6187 missions in Burmah, 594. BATTLE, LOnENZO, p resident of Uru aigu ay, 133. BAVARIA, capital, 564; area, 564; population, 564; districts, 5 64; emigration, 564; rei gn i ng sovereig n and family, 56 4; governme t, 564; Uppergand Lower Hous% 564* ministry, 565; education, 561; universlties, 561. rev entue, expenditures, and debt, 5; railways, W)5; army and fortresses, 565; production of beer, mines, &c., 565' banks, 5657 tele graph lines, 565; post-ofice, 565.' BELGIUM, capital, 544; area, 544; population, 544; history, 544; indeperdence established, 54; reigning soverelgn and family, 544; goy' 806 [1869. B., GENERAL INDEX. BELGTIU — cinment, 544; Senate and Chamber of Rep resentatives, 545; ministry, 545; education, 545; revenue and expenditures, 545; nation al debt, 545; army and navy, 545; fortresses, 545; commerce, 54; imports and exports, 545; state railway, 545. BLAIR, F. JR., letter of acceptance of nomina tion, 273. BOLIVIA capital, 525; area, 525; population, 525; history, 5'25; treaty with Brazil, 525; government, 525; army, revenue, expendi tuires, imports, 5'25. BOSTON, high water at, 20; Normal and train ing school, 368. BOUNTY Land Warrants, 172. BRAZIL, capital, o25; area, 525; population, 525; history, 525; constitulteda a kingl om, 5R 5D; constitution adopted, 525; slaveholders, 525; suppression of slave-trade, 525; colo nies, 525, reaiging sovereign and family,526; government. legislative assembly, 526; vot ing compelled, 526; new ministry formed, Jully 1268, 526; reve nue, ex penditures, and debt, 526; paper currency in circulation, 566; army and n avy, 526; c ommerce, 526; trad e with U n ited States, 526.' BREdiEN. area and population, 564; Senate, 564: income, expenditure and de bt, 564; imp orts and export s, 564; c omme rcial navy, 5 64; army, 564. BRIGADIER Generals, 111-120. BRITISH America, 533. BRITISH India, capital, 593; area, 593; popula tion, 593; divisions, 593; cities, 593; gov enme iit. 594; governor- eneral, 594; edu cation 594 finances, 594; revenue, expen ditures, and debt, 5X4; army, 594; exports and imports, 594; railways, post-offices and telegraph lines, 594; arrivals and clearances, 594; cotton, 594. BRITISH Possessions, area, 533, 534; population, 533, 534; income, 533, 534; expenses, 533, 534; imports and exports, 533, 534. Br.UNSWICK, capital, 561; area, 561; population, 561; reigning sovereign and family, 561; Legislative Chamber, 561; revenue, expen diture and debt, 561; army, 561; mines, 561. BUREAU of Refugees, Freedmen, and aban donied lands, 108; organization of, 125; com mnssioner of, 125; departments of, 125. (See Fieecldmen's Bureau). BUREAU of military justice, 108, 111; navy yards and docks, 128; navigation, 128; ord nance, 128; construction and repair, 128; equipment and recruiting, 128; steam-enigi neering, 128; provisions and clothing, 128; medicine and surgery, 128; Indian affairs, 179; officers and duties of, 179; of industrial resonrces, Alabama, 280. BURMAH, capitals, 594; area and population, 594; divisions, 594; government, 594; edu cation, 594; revenue, 594; missions, 594. CALIFORNIA in, 155; land grants to, 174; pensioners in, 176, 177; temperature and rainfall, 186; av eraie yield and prices of crops 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 196. Capital, 28-; area, 288; population, 285 292; settlement of, 285; ceded to the United States, 285; government, 28.5; legislature, 285, qualification of voters, 285; judiciary 285- election of judges, 286; United States courts, 286; Supreme court, 286; District courts, 286; registers in bankruptcy, 28(; times and places for holding courts, 286; courts in Sani Francisco, 286; finances, 287; state debt, 287; education, state board of, 287; school officers, 288; state board of ex ahlinlation, 288; county and city boards of examin ers, 288; state diplomas, 288; lifb diplomas, 288; State Normal School, 289; schools of San Francisco, 289; schools of Sacramento, 289; charitable institutions 290; Insane Asylum, 290; Institution for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, 290; State Reform School, 290; State Prison, 291; wealth and industry, 291; soil and climate, 292; produc tions, 29'2, 293; fruits, 292 vineyards, 292; production of silk 292- " ig Tree grove," 293; mineral wealth, 293, 647; trad(le and commerce of San Francisco, 293; votes at Presidential elections. 668. CANADA, Dominion of capital, 534; area, 534; population, 534- history, 534; Inter-colonial Conference of Quebec, 534; action with re gard to Confederation, 534; government. 534;'cabinet 534; Governor General, 535, Senate and House of Assembly, 535; army 535 statistics of population, 535; produc tions, 536. CANDIDATES for Naval Academy, 130; nomina tion of, 130; qualifications, 130; appoint ment, 131. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, capital, 599; area, 599; p opulation, 599; nativity of population, 599; Governor and Councils, 599; revenue ex penditure, and debt, 599; imports a nd ex ports. 599. CAPITOL at Washington, 512. CAPTAINS of the navy, 133, 135. CAUCASIAN race, 538. CENTRAL AMERICA, history, 526; population, 526. (see each State). CERRNA, VINCENT, President of Guatemala, 527. CEYLON, area and population, 595; Governor and Council, 595; revenue and expenditure, 595; imports and exports, 595. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS, (see each State). CHARLES ALEXANDER, Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar, 560. CHARLES, King of Wiirtemberg, 565. CHARLES XV. King of Sweden and Nol-ivay, 586.. CHARLES, Prince of Rumania, 591. CHICAGO, population of, 323; receipts and ship ments of, 323. CHIEF JUSTICES of the Supreme Court of the United States, 147. CHIEF JUSTICES of the Supreme Court, 62. CHILI, capital, 527; area, 527; population, 527; history, 527; census report, 527; govern ment, 528; president, 528; ministry, 528; Council of State, 528; Senate and Chamber of Deputies, 528; revenue and expenditures, 528; debt, 528; army and navy, 528; com merce, 528; imports and exports, 528; ton nage, 528; education, 528; university, 523; secondary instruction, 528. CADETS, appointment of to military academy, 110; qualifications of, 110; examination of, 110; pay of; 111. CADET ENTGINEERS in the navy, 131; number of, 131; pay of, 131; examination of, 131 appointment of, 132. CALIFORNIA, Governors of, 64; U.S. Senators of, 71, 262; Representatives in C ongress, 74, 263; collectors of customs in, 97; assessors and collectors of internal revenue in, 99; military department of, 124; mail service 1869.] 807 0. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. CHrNA, capital, 595; area, 595; population, 595: provinc es, 595; sovereign, 595; government, 595; boar ds of government, 595; finances 595; army, 595; commercial treaty of Nan king, 5.95; table of exports and imports of principal ports, 595, 596; movement and val ue of shipping 595; imperial roads, 596; coal, 596; treatms, 596. CHURCH DAYS, 10. CHRISTIAN IX. King of Denmark, 546. CHRIsTIANITY in America, 524; in Europe, 539; in Asia, 532;* in Abyssinia, 598; in Madagas car, 600'; in Turkey, 609; in Africa, 609; sta tistics of, 61-622; divisions of-Roman Cath olic Church, 61-615; Oriental Churches, 610, 615; Protestant Churches, 610, 616-622. CIRCUIT COURTS of the United States, 147; of each State, (see each State). CIVILIZATION of Europe brought to America, 523{ in Asia, 592. COAL, in Alabama, 280; in Arkansas, 284- in Illinois, 322; in Iowa, 337; in Indiana, 39-; in Kansas, 341; in Kentucky, 346; in Mis souri, 394- in Nebraska, 395; in North Car olina, 426; in Ohio, 432; in Pennsylvania, 444, 654; in Tennessee, 457; in Virginia, 471; in West Virginia, 475; in Alaska, 484 in Colorado, 489; in Dakota, 492; in Monta' na, 500; in New Mexico, 501; in Washin,, ton Territory, 507 history of, 653; annural product for the world, 655; product for the United States, 656. COAST LINE of the United States, 59. COINAGE, 219. COINS, foreign gold and silver, 221; of the Uni ted States, 222. COLFAX SCIIUYLER, nominated Vice President, 267; letter of acceptance, 266; inaugurated, 801. COLLECTORS of customs 97. COLLECTORS of internal revenue, 99. COLLEGES and collegiate institutions 196. COLLEGE, Yale 297; Trinity, 297; Delawar e 305; St. Mary's, 305; Emory, 314t; Iowa Ag ricultural,.53; St. John's, 361; Dartmouth, 404; Princeton, 408; Agricultural of New J ersey, 408; Columbia, 415; Rtitger's Fe male, 4 15; V assa r, 4 15; AgricOTltural of Ver mont, 46;5; of William and Mary, 470; W ash ingt on, 470; Agri cultural of Wes t V irginia, 474. (See Universities). COLOMBA, Unite d States o f, c apital, 528; a rea, 528; population, 528; history, 528; cha nges of organization, 528; independen t Indians, 528; government, 529; ministry, 529; Sen ate and Chamber of Representatives, 529; revenue and expenditures, 529; debt, 529; army, 529; commerce, 529; imports and ex ports, 529; arrivals, 529. COLONELS, 111-120. COLORADO TERRITORY, Governors of, 69; dele gate from, 76; assessor and collector of in ternal revenue. 1.99; mail service in, 156; gold and silver product of, 220, 221, 605. Capital, 486; area, 486; population, 486; organization of, 486; failure of admission to the Union, 486 government, 486; change of capital, 486; legislature, 487? judiciary, 487; Supreme court, 487; District courts, 487; terms of corte, 487- finances, 487; sources of revenue and disbursements, 487- educa tion, 488; Superintendent of Public Instruc tion, 488; wealth and industry, 488; agri cultural lands, 488; gold and silver mining, 488; coal and other minerals, 489; statistics of business of Denver, 489; products, 489; banks, 489. COMMANDERS, 13, 135. C(OMMISSIONER of Internal Revenue, 96; duties of, 996; of Freedmen's Bureau, 125; of Gen eral Land Office, 169; of pensions, 169, 175; of patents, 169, 181, 182; of Indian office, 169, 179; of agriculture, 183; of education, 190. COMMISSIONERs to establish peace with Indian tribes, 180. COMMITTEES of the Senate, 72, 261, 802; of the House, 76, 262, 803. COUMMODORES, 132, 135. COMPARATIVE TABLES, 603; large divisions of the world, 603; political divisions of the world, 603; cities, 607. CONGREGATIONALISM, in America, 618; in Eng land and the colonies, 618. CONGREGATIONALISTS, in America, 618; in Great Britain, 618. CONGRESS, 70 two houses of, 70; Senate, 70; House of Representatives, 70; apportion ment of members, 71; fortieth congress, 71; sessions of, 71; members of, 71, 261; com mittees of 72, 261; proceedings of, 225; acts of,246; forty-first congress, 262; librarian of, 214; library of, 214. CONGRESSES, list of, 63. CONJUNCTIONS, planetary, 46. CONNECTICUT, Governors of, 64; U.S. Senators of, 71, 262 Representatives in Congress, 74, 263; collectors of customs in, 97; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 99; mail service in, 155; pensioners in, 176,177; tem perature and rainfall, 188; average yield and prices of crops, 18, 7; prices of iarm stock, 188; collezes in, 196. Capitals, 294; area, 294; population, 294, 301; settlement of, 494; government, 294; le g islature, 294* qualification of voters, 294 - National Gualids, 294; judiciary, 295; Uni ted States courts, 295- Supreme Court of Errors, 295; Superior court, 295; State's at torney, 296; terms of Supreme court, 2967 terms of Superior court, 296; finances, 296; receipts for civil list account for year ending March 31,1868, 298; expenditures, 296; state debt, 297- education, 297; colleges, 297 Yale college, 297; professional schools, 297 academies and high schools, 298; State Board of Education, 298; State Normal School, 298; teachers' institutes, 2(8- school statistics, 298; charitable institutions, 299; American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, 2.99, 300; Retreat for the Insane, 299, 300; State Re form School 299 300; School for Imbeciles, 300, 301; Soldiers' Orphans' Homes, 300; in digent blind, 300; Hartford Hospital, 301; State Prison and Jails, 301; countyjails, 301; we a lth and industry, 301; increase in popu lation, 301; increase in value of property, 302; manufactures, 302; mines, 302; banks, 302; insurance, 302; railroads, 302; votes at Presidential elections, 696. CONSTELLATIONS of the zodiac, 19. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, framed, 59; basis of the government, 59. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT, fourteenth, 257; ratification of, 258. CONSULAR branch of department of State, 80. CONSULAR officers in foreign countries, 82. CONTENTS, 5. CONVENTION, postal, with Great Britain, 150; with Belgium, Netherlands, &c., 150; with Hong Kong, 151. CONVENTION, National oepublican at Chicago, 265; National Democratic at New York, 268; Soldiers' and Sailors' National, at Chicago, 266; at New York, 269. 808 Lim, GENERAL INDEX. COPPER, in Allia)ama 280; in Connecticut, 302; il Illinis. 323; in Miciiai, &St- ih Mis souiri, 39!4; in Nevada, 40.1 il North o lina, 426; in Wisconsin, 481 in Alaska, 484 in Arizonla, 486: ill Colorado, 489 in Dako ta 492- in Montana, 500; in New Mexico, 501; history of, 656. COPTS, 616. CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 113. COSTA RICA, capital, 527; area, 527; population, 527- government, 527: revenue, 527; exports and imports, 527; militia, 527. COTTON exempted from revenue tax, 246. COUNCILS, National and Provincial of Roman Catholic Church, 614. COURT OF CLAIMS, 147. COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES, 147. COURTS OF THE STATES, (see- judidaie of each State). CRoPs, wheat, 185; coln, 185; average yield and average price, 187; condition of, 189. CROTON AQUEDUCT, 518. CUBA. area, 537; fertility, 537; mines, 537; railroads, 537; population, 537; liberation of slaves, 5371 government, 537; chief towns, 537; productions, 537; population, exports and imports of Porto Rico, 537. CURRENCY AND FINANCE, 630. CUSTOMS, collectors of, 97. CYCLES OF TLRx;, 10. DELAWARE riculture, 305,; foreign trade, 305; banks 305; products, 305; votes at presidential elections, 670. DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION at New York, 268. DENMARK, capital 545; area, 545, 546: popula tion, 545, 546; history, 545; Schleswig-Hol stein wars, 546; reigning sovereign and family, 546 -, treaty of Vienna, 546; govern ment, 546; Diets, 546; Iceland, 546; minis try, 546; education, 546; revenue and ex Cxpenditues, 546; public debt, 546; army and navy, 546; imports and exports, 547; com mercial marine, 547. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 183; commis sioner of, 183; established, 183; business of, 183; building of, 183. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, 190; commis sioner of, 190, act creating, 190- informa tion sought by, 191; modes of obtaining in formation, 191; modes of disseminating in. formation, 192; plan of publication, 192; work done, or in progress, 193. DEPARTMENT of the Interior, 169; bureaus in, 169; chief officers in, 169 public lands, 170; bounty land warrants, 1,2; private land claims, 174; pension office, 175; army pen sions, 175; navy pensions, 176; bureau of Indian affairs, 179; patent office, 181. DEPARTMENT of the Navy, 128; bureaus in, 128; chief officers in, 128 United States Naval Academy, 129; navy list, 132; naval constructors, 136; vessels of the United States navy, 136; naval force, 138; squad rons, 139; navy yards and shore stations, 140; pay of the navy, 141. DEPARTMENT of the Post Office, (see Post Office Department). DEPARTMENT of State, 80; diplomatic branch, consular branch, disbursing agent, transla tor, clerk of appointments and commissions, clerk of rolls and archives, clerk of authen tications, clerk of pardons and passports, 80; intercourse with foreign nations, 81. DEPART3]ENT of the Treasury, 95; bureaus in, 95- chief officers in, 96; collectors of cus toms, 97; assessors and collectors of inter nal revenue, 99; United States Coast Survey, 104; Light-house board, 105; Light-house districts and officers, 105; Supervising in spectors of steamboats and their districts, 106. DEPARTMENT of War, 107; bureaus in, 107; chief officers in, 108; United States Military Academy, 108; military divisions, districts and departments, 124; Freedmen's Bureau, 125. DEPOSITS at United States Mint, 219. DIPLOMATIC Corps, 89. DyISCOVERY of America,.5Z3. DISTILLED Spirits, laws respecting tax on, 246, 247, 20. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, area, 510; population, 510, 514; ceded to the General Government, 510; present limits, 510: judiciary, 510; Su preme court, 147, 510; District and Criminal ccourts, 511; terms of court, 511; charitable institutions, 513; Hospital for the Insane 513, 514; Columbian Institution for Deaf Dumb and Blind, 513, 514; U. S. Jail, 514; classification of population, 514; Washing ton, (see IWashinqtoh City). DivisioNs of the World, in order of area and population, 603-605; in order of density of population, 605, 606; alphabetically arranged, 606, 607. DAKOTA TERRITORY, Governors of, 69; dele gate from, 76; assessor and collector of in ternal revenue, 99; military department of, 124; mail service in, 156; gold and silver prohect of, 221. Capital, 489; area, 489; population, 489, 49-2; organization of, 489; government, 489; qutalification of voters, 490: militia, 490; judiciary, 490; Supreme and District courts, 490; terms of courts, 490; finances, 490; education, 490; public school system, 490; school officers, 491; school-buildinlgs, 491; "Dakota Hal l,? 491m teacher s' institntes, 491- school statistics,. 491: ( ealth and in dutstry 491' immigrants, 492- Indian h os tilities, 492; public lands, 492; railroads, 492. DANISH POSSESSIONS, area, 536; population, 536; sale of S t. Thomas and St. J ohn, 536; settlement s i n Greenland, 536. DAYS, length and inc re ase of, 23- 44. DEAFI MUTES, institutions for, (see each State); methods of instructing in American Asy lum, 299; college for, 513. DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES. 240, 244. DEBTS OF THE STATES, 245; (see each State and coentry). DELAWARE. Governors of, 65; U. S. Senators of, 71, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263; collector of customs in, 97; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 99; mail service in, 155; pensioners in, 177; temper ature and rain-fall 186- average yield and prices of crops. 187; prices of larm stock, 188; colleges in, 196. Capital,'303; area, 308; population, 303, 305; settlement, 303; constitution adopted, 303 government, 303; legislature 303; qual ification of voters, 303; judiciary, 303;- ap pointment of judges, 304; United States courts, 304; judges of state courts, 304; terms of courts, 304; finances, 304; state debt, 304; education, 305; colleges, 305; wealth and industry, 305; railroads, 305; ag I I I 8 I I I 9 e 809 1,96,).] D. 'THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. DUR.AS, FRANCISCO, president of San Salva. dor, 527. DUTCH Possessions, area and population, 537. DUTIES levied on leading articles of merchan dise, 286. FIFTEENTH Constitutional Amendment, 801. FINANCES, of the United States, 235; act to suspend further reduction of the currency, 246; of individual States, (see each State awed Ter?-tory). FINANCIAL tables, 237. FINLAND, ancient constitution, 584; govern or general, 584; revenue and expenditure, 584* army and navy, 584. FLORIDA, Governlors of, 65; U. S. Senators of, 71, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263; collectors of customs in, 97; assessor and collector of internal revenue, 99; mail service in, 155; land grants to, 174; temn p5erattre and rain-fall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; reco nstruction of, 234, 248. Capital, 306; area, 306; population, 306, 310; ceded to the United States, 306; settle ement, 306; admitted into the union, 306; or dinance of secession passed, 306; repealed, 306- constitutionadopted 306; ratified,306; fourteenth amendment ratified, 306; govern ment, 306; legislature, 306; qualification of voters, 307; judiciary, 307; appointment of judges, 307; Supremie court, 307, 308; Cir cliat courts, 307, 308; United States courts, 308; finances, 308; state debt, 309; educa tion, 309 Board of Education, 309; com Il0on school fund, 309; seminaries, 309; char itable institutions, 309; criminals, 310; wealth and in dustr y, 310- emio gration, 310; Tfruits, 310; manulfactures, 310; steaarm, oat and canal companies, 310; votes at presiden tial elections, 735. FOREIGN coins, 221..' FOREIGN con sul s in United States, 90.: FOREIGN legations in United States, 89. FoREIoN intercourse, 81; p ostage, 158. FOURTEENTH constitutional amendment, 257; ratification of, 2957. FRANCE, capital, 547; area, 547; population, 548;-ill cities ai departmetnts, 547, 548i nationality, 548 reFinling sovereiola and family, 548; list of sov ereigns, 54 9; govern menlt, 5 49; constitu tion, 5 49; Co uncil of State, Seatte an d Legislati ve bo dy, 549; ministry 59 edca, 549; educ ation, 549 e cational institutions 5 Uite as, 549; political jorals, 9; finances, 549; expe8 ditures, 549, 550; rev enuie, 550; public debt, 550; army, 550; de tails of organization, 551; navy, 551 i details of organization, 552; commerce, Imports and exports, 552; gold, silver, and other products, 552; businiess of the Post Office department, 552; telegraph lines and rail roads, 552; banks, 553; colonies, 553. FRANCIS JOSEPH I., Emperor of Austria, and King of Hungary, 541. FREDERICK FRANCIS II., Grand Duke of Meck lenbura-SchIwerii, 559. FREDERICK WILLIAM I., Grand Duke of Mecl lenbirg-Strelitz, 559. FREDEEICK I., Grand Duke of Baden, 566. FREEDMEN'S Bureau, 125; commissioner of, 125; organization of, 125; appropriations for, 126, expenditures of, 126. FREEDMEN, schools for, 127. FRENCH Possessions, area, 537; population, 537. FRIENDS, religious sect in United States, 618; in En-land, 618. EAST ASIATIC RELIGIONS, 609. ECLIPSE, of the moon, 11, 12; of the sun, 11, 12, 13. ECLIPSES, 11; table of, 14; of Jupiter's moons, 18.'. ECUADOR, capital, 529; area, 5'9; population, 529; historv 529; govern1ment, 529; provi - ces, 529; revenue, expenditures and debt, 529: exports and imports, 529. EDUCATION, (see Department of). Journal of, 190, 192; in the several States, (12 ee 1 inder EdPtcapion al5 each St ate and tecritorvy); in Chili, 5o2; in Austria, 542 in Beeeiumon, 545; in Depnmark 546; in Firance, 549- in er many, 402 - in Priussia 5579 in Saxond y, 059; in Meckle6FOnrig-Schw1eric, 559; in Bavaria, 565; in Wflrt embe r s, 566 1 in Baeen, 566; in Gre at Britain, 571; l I reland, 572 i n Sc ot land, 572; in G reece, 577- in Itali, 578; in PortYuga], 581; in Russia, 58; in Spain, 585; in Sweden, 587; in Norway, 587; in Switzer land, 588; in Turkey, 590 in British India, 594; in BIrmah, 594; in Madagascar, 600. ESDUCATIONAL docum entso, 1 92, 193. EDUCATIONAL tables, 196. EGYPT, capital, 599; area, 599; population, 599; nativity of population, 599;i soverei,n 519; independence, 59C9; ministry and Assembly of Representative s, 599; revenue, expendi tures and loans, 599; army and navy, 600; commerce, 600. ELECTIONS, of Senators, 79; of members of House of Representatives, 79; of President and Vice-President, 79. ELECTORS, of President and Vice-President, 79. ENVOYS Extraordinary, 81. EPHIEMERIS of the principal planets, 16, 17. ERAS, corresponding with lt69, 9. ERNEST I., Duke of Saxe-Altenbiurg, 561. ERNEST II.. Duke of Saxe-Cobti-(-Gotha, 561. ESPINOSA, XAVIER. president or Ecuador, 5"9. ESTABLISUED Chur1ch of England and Ireland, 617. EUROPE, area, 5.38; population, 538; compara tive size, 538; divisions, 538; increase of population, 5.38; races, 53,S, 539; countries, 539; empires, 539; States and'rulers, 539, 540; statistics of Christianity in, 611, 6'22. EUROPEAN conferences, 539; possessions, 372. EVENING stars, 15. EVENTS, record of for 1868, 739. EXAMINATION of Cadets for the Military Acad emy, 110; of applicants to the Naval Acad emy, 130; of cadet engineers, 131. EXCHANGES, Agricultural, 184. EXECUTIVE government of United Statesy 79. EXPENDITURES of the U. S. Treasury, 2%7. EXPORTS, of New York, 420, 5X20; of Great Britain, 575; of France, 552; of Ru,ssia. 584; of British India, 594; of China, 595. 596; of Japan, 596; (aso see each State and country). FAP..RM stock, prices of, 188. FEEJEE Islands, areaand population, 601; num ecr. 601; missions, 601; offers of cession to Great Britain, 601; indemnity to United States, 601; exports, 601. [13c'). 810 E. F. G. GENERAL Of the army, 111. GF,ORGE I., Kin,,, of file Ilelleiiex,,576. G.EORGIE 11., Dtike of Saxe-M, einingeii, 561. GENERAL INDEX. GEORGE VICTOR, Prince of Waldeck, 563. GEORGIA, Governors of 65' U. S. Senators of, 72, 262; Representatives in C ongress, 74, 263; collectors of customs in, 97; assessors and collectors ofan i nternal revenue in, 99; mail service in, 155 land grants, 174; temper a ture and raicfall 186o aor sverield and fml 56 prices of crops, 187' prices of farm stock, 188; colleges, 196; reconstruction, 234, 248. O, Capital, 311; area, 311; population, 311 3 14; settlement, 311i constitution ratified ordin ance of secession adopted, 311; re pealed, 311 - new constitution adopted and ratified, 311" government, 311; legislature, 311; qualification of voters, 311; judiciary, 312; Supreme court, 312, 313; Circuit court, 312, 313; United States c ourts, 313; te rms of courts, 313' finances, 3 13; b o nded debt, 313; ed ucation, 313; colleges, 313; 5niver sities, 313,314; State School Commi ssioner, 314; educational fund, 314; char itable insti tutions, 314; St a nate Lunatic Asylum, 314; penitentiary, 314; wealth and industry, 314; pr oduct s, 315; manufac tures, 315; minerals, 315; gold mining, 315; value of property in, 315; v o tes at Presidential elections, 688. GERM,ANY, his tory, 553; constitution of North Germany, 553; area and population, 553; education, 554; universities, 554; the Zoll verein, 54 revenue, 554 exports, 554 mines and manufactures, 554; insurance and c redit comps 5 aniest a, 554; merchant navy, 554 (.see NoHth GewFany and South Germany). GOBAZIE, Emperor of Abyssinia, 598. GOLD, coinage, 219; coills of the United States, 221; coins, foreign, 221; deposits at United States mint, 219; production, 220; discov eries of and mines in Californiia, 293, 650- in Alabama, 280; in Georgia, 3157 in Nevada, 400; in North Carolina, 426* in South Caro lina, 453; in Virginia, 471; in Alaska, 484; in Arizona, 486; in Colorado, 488, 652. in Dakota, 492; in Idaho, 495,651; in Montana, 499, 651: in New Mexico, 501- in Oregon, 650"* in Washington Ter., 5O7; in Wyoming, 510- in Russia, 644; in Asia, Australia and Africa, 646; in South American countries, 646; in Mexico, 646; in British America, 647; history of, 648; product of in 1865, 649-650. GOVERNMENT of the United States, 79-80- of Alabama, 275* of other states and countries, (see each state and coutntry). GOVERNORS OF THE STATES AND TERRITORIES, Alabama, 64, 275; Arkansas, 64, 281- Cali fornia, 64, 285; Connecticut, 64, 294- Dela ware, 65, 303; Florida, 65, 306; Georgia, 65, 311; Illinois,65,316; Indiana, 65,324; IoNva, 65, 330- Kansas, 65, 338; Kentucky, 65, 342; Louisiana, 66, 346; Maine, 66,.353; Maryland, 66, 358; Massachusetts, 66, 364; Michigan, 66, 376; Minnesota, 66,.382; Mississippi, 66, 387; Missouri. 67, 390; Nebraska, 67, 395; Nevada, 67,.398; New Hampshire, 67, 401; New Jelsey, 67, 406; New York, 67, 411; North Carolina, 67, 421; Ohio, 67. 426; Ore gon 68, 433; Pennsylvania, 68, 437; Rhode Iland, 68, 445; Sotuth Carolina, 68, 44.9; Ten nessee, 68,454; Texas, 68, 458; Vermont, 69, 462; Virginia,69, 46; WestVirginia, 69, 471; Wisconsin, 69. 476- Ari zona Territory, 69, 484; Colorado TEE., 69, 486; Dakota Ter., 69, 489; Idaho Ter., 69, 493- Montana Ter., 69, 497; New Mexico Ter., 69, 500- U'tah Ter., 69, 502; Washington Ter., 69, 504. GRANT, U. S., nominated for the Presidency, 267; letter of acceptance, 266; inaugurated, 80)1.' GREAT BITAIN, postal conventions with, 150; capital, 567; area, 567-568; population, 567 568; history, 567; statistics of total British empire, 568; growth of colonial empire 568-569- increase of population, 569; de crease in Ireland, 569;- emigration, 569; clas sification of population, 569; wealth, 569; pauperism, 569; crime, 569; reignling sov ereign and family 570; civil list of the queen C570 list of Kings of the House of Hanover, 570- government, 570; House of Lords and House of Commons, 570 bills introduced to Parliament, 570; duration of Parliament, 571; Cabinet,571; political parties, 571; ed ucation, 571; educational statistics, 571-572; parliamentary grants to education, 572; rev enue and expenditures, 572; national debt 572' army, regiments, depots and training establishments, 573; auxiliary forces, 573 navy, 573 seamen and ships of, 5747 com merce, 574; imports and exports, 574-576; merchant navy, 576; movement of shipping, 576- classification of, 576. GRECO-LATIN LANGUAGES, 538. GREECE, capital, 576- area, 576; population, 576; history,576; agriculture,576; reigning sovereign and family, 576; government, 577; Chamber of Representatives,577; ministry, 577: education, 577; finances-revenuie, ex penditures and debt, 576; army and navy, 577; commerce, imports and exports,577. GREEK CIHURCH, organization of, 615; statis tics, 615. GUATEMALA, capital, 527; area, 527- popula tion, 527; government, 527; legislative chamber, 527; revenue, expenditiures and public debt, 527; army and militia, 527; im ports and exports, 527. GUNTHER II., Prince of Schwarzburg-Sonder shauisen, 563. GUTIERREZ, SANTOS, president of JU.S. of Co lombia, 529. GUZMAN, FERNANDO, president of Nicaragua, 527. H. HAMBUIRG, area. 563; population, 563; Senate and House of Burgesses, 563; income, ex penditure and debt, 563; commerce, 564; army, 564. HAYTI, capital, 529; area, 529; population, 5259; history, 529; revolution 529; government, 529; new constitution adopted, 529; minis ters, 5'29; Senate and Ihouse of Commons, 529; revenue and expenditures, 529; debt, 529; imports and exports, 529; movement of shipping, 530: army and navy, 530. HENRY XIV., Prince of Reuss-Schleiz, 562. HENRY XXII., Prince of Reuss-Greiz, 562. HESSE, capital, 567- area,567; population,567; reigning sovereign and family 567- Upper and Lower House of Legislature, 567; min istry, 567; revenue expenditure and debt, 567; army and fortress of Mentz, 567. HIGH WATER, at Boston, 20* at New York, 20; at Philadelphia, 21 at San Francisco, 21; at 110 places. 48. HOLLAND, (see Netherlands). HONDURAS, capital, 527; area, 527; population, 527; government, 527; new constitution adopted, 527; Senate and Legislative Assem bly, 527; Council of State 527; revenue, 527- imports and exports, 527. HONG KONG, postal convention with, 151. House oF COMMONS of Great Britain, 570. ttOUSE Or LORDS of Great Britain, 570. House OF HANOVER, kinlgs of, 570. 811 1869.1 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. HousE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the United States, 70, speakers of, 63-74; membiers of, 74, 261, 263; officers of, 74-78; committees of, 76, 262. INDIANA prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 196'. Capital 324; area, 324; population, 324, 328; settiement, 324 organized, 324: con stitution adopted, 324; admitted into the Union, 324; government, 324; legislature, 324; qualifications of voters, 324; judiciary. 324; United States courts, 324; Supreme court of the State, 324; Circuit courts, 325; terms of courts, 325; finances, 325; State debt, 325; education, 325; Superintendent of Public Instruction, 326; county commis sioners, 326; trustees of towns, 326; State Normal School, 32t; city training schools, 326; teachers' institutes, 326; school fund, 326; public schools, 326; school revenues, 326; charitable institutions, 327; Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, 327 328; Institution for the Blind, 327, 328; Asylum for the Insane, 327, 328; Soldiers' and Seamens' Home, 327, 328; State prisons, 327, 328; labor of con victs, 327; House of Refuge, 328; wealth and industry. 328; nativity of foreign born population, 328; farms, 32S;, live stock, 329 wine, 329; manufactures. 329; coal fields, 329; minerals, 329; railroads, 329; value of property and products, 329; banks, 329; votes at presidential elections, 700. INDIANS, number of, 179; difficulties with, 179. INDIAN TERRITORY, Capital, 496; area, 496, pop ulation, 496 - situation 496- its relations to the United States Government, 49(i,; treaties with Indians, 496; character of the country, wild animals, 4.97; civilized Indians, 497. INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES, 5.39. INSANE HOSPITALS, (see each state). INSPECTOR GENERALS, 111. INTERNAL REVENUr, commissioner of, 96; special commissioner of, 96; assessors and collectors of, 99. ~ IOWA, Line of sun's eclipse passes through, 13; Governors of. 65; U.S. Senators of, 72,262; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263- col lectors of customs, 97; assessors and col lectors of internal revenue, 100; mail service in, 155; land grants, 174; pensioners in, 177; temperature and rain-fall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 198. Capital, 330; area, 3,30, population, 330, 3:36; purchased from France, 330,- settle ment, 33:0; organized as a territory, 330; ad mitted into the Union, 330; government; 330; State militia, 330; legislature 330; qualification of voters, 330; judiciary 330; Supreme court. 330, 331; District courts, 331; United Statos courts, 331; terms of Supreme court, 331; finances, 331; condition of principal funds, 332; resources of the State 332 State indebtedness, 332- educa tion, 332i State university, 332* colleges and universit es, 33.3; agricultural college, 3,83; Superintendent of Public Instruction, 3&3; county superintendents, 333- normal in struction 333; teachers' institutes, 333; pub lic schools, 333 charitable institutions 334; Institution for D)eaf and Dumb, 334, 335; In stitution for the Blind, 334, 335, Hospital for Insane, 335; Soldiers' Orphans' Home, 335; penitentiary, EN5, 336; wealth and industry, 336; increase in real estate, 336; agriculture, 336: minerals, 337; manufactures 337; table of cultivated land and products, 337; land grants, 337; banks and railroads, 337; news papers, 337; insurance, 337; votes at presi ential elections, 706. I. IDAHO TERRITORY, Governors of, 69; delegate from, 76; assesso r and collector of internal revenue, 99; mail service in, 15 6; gold a nd silver product of, 220, 221. Capital, 492; area, 492; population, 492 organization of, 412, boundaries, 492; gov ern ment, 493 legislature, 493- judiciary, 493; Supreme court, 493; District courts, 49 3; term s of courts, 493; finances, 493; ter ritorial in debtedness, 494; education, 494; scho ol system, 494; amount rai sed for s chools, 494; penal institutions, 494; wealth and industry, 494; character of people, 494; Indian depredations, 495; Surveyor General, 495; surveys, 495; climate and soil, 49a; fruit, 4 95; gold mines, 495, 496; silver ore, 496; quartz mills, 496; banks, 496. ILLINOIS, Line of sun's eclipse passes through, 13; Governors of, 65; U.S. Senators of 72p 262; R ep resentatives in Congress 74, 263; collectors of customs in, 97; assessors and collectors of internal revenue in, 99; mail service in, 155; land grants, 174; pen sioners in, 177,178; temperature and raini fall, 186; yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 196. Capital, 316; area, 316; population, 316, 322; settlement, 316; ceded to the United States, 316; made a territory, 316; conistitu tioll framed, 316; admitted to the Union, 316; government, 316; legislature. 316; quali fication of voters, 316; judiciary, 316-; Su preme court, 316, 317; Circuit courts, 316, 317; Superior court of Chicago, 316, 317; United States courts, 317; terms of Supreme court, 317; finances, 317; funds, 317; state debt, 318- education, 318; State Industrial Uni versity, 318; State superintendent, 319: County superintendents, 319; trustees of towns, 319; school directors, 319; teach ers' certificates, 319; State Normal Uni versity, 319, 320; teachers' institutes, 319' public schools, 320; charitable institutions, 320- Institution for Deaf and Dumb, 320, 321- Hospital for Insane, 320, 322; Institu tion for Blind, 320, 322; institutions for Idiots and Imbeciles, 321, 322; Soldiers' Or phans' Home, 321; penitentiary, 321, 322; labor of convicts, 321; soil and situation, 322; minerals, 322; coal fields. 322; lead dis trict, 32:3; wealth, 32.3; railroads, 323; canal, 323; manufactured products, 323; receipts and shipments of Chicago, 323; products, 323; assessment, 323; banks, 323; votes at presidential elections, 692. IMPEACHMENT, articles of, 227; vote on, 232. IMPEACHMENT TRL&L, 225; managers of, 232; vote on, 233. IMPORTS, of New York, 420, 520; of Great Britain, 5755; of France, 552- of Russia, 584 of British India, 594' of Chlina, 595-596; of Japan, 596; (also see each state and country). INDEPENDENT AMERICAN STATES, 524. INDIA, (See British India). INDIAN AFFAIRS, 179; tribes, 181. INDIANA, Governors of, 65; U. S. Senators of 72, 262; Representatives in Congress 7t4, 263 collectors of customs in, 97; assessors and collectors of internal revenue in, 99; mail service in, 155; pensioners in, 177,178: tem perature and rain-fall, 186; average yield and 812 [1869. GENERAL INDEX. IRON, in Alabama, 280; in Arkansas, 284; in Connecticut,.302; in Illinois,.323; in Iowa, 337 in Michigan, 381- in Missouri, 394,654; in Nevada, 4(1; in New Jersey, 410; in North Carolina, 426; in Ohio, 432; in Ore gon, 654; in Pennsylvania, 444, 654; in Ten nessee, 457; in Texas, 461;- in New York, 420; in Virginia, 471 in West Virginia, 475, in Wisconsin, 481; in Alaska, 484; in Ari zona, 486; in Colorado, 489, 654; in Dakota, 492;'in New Mexico, 502; history of, 652; method of producing, 653; product of, 654; imports of, 654. ISABELLA II., Queen of Spain, 585. ISXAIL, PACHA, Viceroy of Egypt, 599. ITALY, capital, 577; area, 577; population,577; history, 577; treaty of Villa Franca, 577; population of principal cities, 577; reigning sovereign and family, 578; government, 578; Senate and House of Deputies, 578; minis try, 578; education, 578; universities, 578; revenue, expenditures and debt, 578; army and fortresses, 578; navy, 578; commerce, imports and exports, 578; products, 579; railroads, newspaper, savings banks, 579. KANSAS the Blind, 340; wealth and industry, 341; immigration, 341- settlement of the slaver question, 341; soil, 341- building material, 341; climate, 341; live stock, 341; minerals, 341; surveys, 341; manufactures, 342; rail roads, products, 342; banks, 342; votes at presidential elections, 732. KENTUCKY, Governors of, 65 U. S. Senators of, 72, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263; collectors of customs, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 100; mail service in, 155; land grants, 174; pensioners in, 177; temperature and rain-fall, 186; aver age yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of fagm stoclk, 188; colleges in, 198. Capital. 342; area 342; population, 342, 345; settlement, 342; admitted into the Union, 342- government, 342; legislature, 342; qualification of voters, 343; judiciary, 343; court of appeals, 343; Circuit courts, 343; United States courts, 343; finances, a343 State debt, 343; education, 344; Ken tucky University, 344; State Superintendent of Public Instruction, 344; charitable insti tutions, 344; Institution for Deaf Mutes, 344, 345; Insane asylums, 344. 345; Institution for the Blind, 344; Institution for Feeble minded children,.344, 345; penitentiary. 344, 345; wealth and industry, 345; soil and hus bandry, 346; minerals, 346; trade, 346; pro ducts, 346; assessment, 346; votes at presi dential elections, 708. KI-TSrANG, Emperor of China, 595. JACOBITES, 615. JA"CAS, 536; area, 536; divisions, 536; gov ernment, 536; legislative council, 536; ex ports, 536; revenue, 536. JAPA, 596; capital, 596; area and population, 596; ports open to aliens, 596; chief cities, 596; government, 596; war between Mikado and Tycoon, 596; Daimios, 596; army, 596; expansion of commerce, 596; imports and exports, 596. JAVA, 596; area, 596; population, 596; restored to the Netherlands, 596; slavery abolished, 596; government, 596; division, 596; rev enue, 596; army and navy, 597; trade and exports, 597. JEWISH, calendar, 9; year, 9; months, 9. JEWS, 609. JIMENEZ, JESUS, president of Costa Rica, 527. JOHN I., King of Saxony, 558. JOHN II., Prince of Liechtenstein, 567. JUAREZ, BENITO, president of Mexico, 530. JUDICIARY OF THE UNITED STATES, 146; su preme court, 147; circuit courts, 147; dis trict courts, 147; court of claims, 147; (of the several states and territories, see under each). L. LAND BUREAU, 169; established, 170. LAND CLAIMS, 174. LAND GRANTS, for educational purposes, 193; for agricultural and scientific schools, 212; for internal improvements, 174. LAND WARRANTS, 172. LANGUAGE, of American states, 522, 523; Eng lish, 523; Spanish, spoken in New Mexico, 501 - use of in American states, 523; French, spoken in America, 524; German, spoken in America, 524; Portuguese, spoken min Amer ica, 524. LANGUAGES of Europe, 5.38. LATITUDE, table of, 50-58. LAW SCHOOLS, 208. LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES, abstracts of, 246. LEAD, in Arkansas, 284, in Illinois, 323, 658; in Iowa, 336; in Kentucky, 346; in Mis souri 658; in Virginia, 471 in Wisconsin, 481; in Montana, 500 in New Mexico, 502; history of, 657; product, 658. LEGAL TENDER NOTES, 241; provision regard ing, 639; issued, redeemed and outstanding, 243; depreciation of, 639. LENGTH and increase of days, 22-24. LEOPOLD, Duke of Anhalt. 409. LEOPOLD II. King of the Belgans, 544. LEOPOLD II. Prince of Lippe-Detmold, 562. LETTER of acceptance of Gen. U. S. Grant, 266; of Schuyler Colfax, 266; of Horatio Sey mour, 270; of F. Blair, Jr., 273. LIBERIA, 600; capital, 600; area, 600; popula tion, 600; constitution, 600 - President, O00; revenue and expenditure, 600; exports, 600; coast traders, 600. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 214; additions to, 214; rooms of, 215; number of volumes in, 215; of Patent Office, 182. LIECHTENSTEIN, 567; area, 567; population, 567; reigning sovereign and family, 567; K. KAXSAS, Governors of, 65; U. S. Senators of, 72, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263; assessor and collector of internal revenue, 100; mail service in, 155; land grants, 174; pensioners in, 177; temperature and rain fall, 186- average yield and prices of crops, 187, prices of arm stock, 188; colleges in, 198. Capital, 338; area, 338; population, 338, 341* purchased from France, 338; admitted to the Union, 338; government, 338; legis lature, 338; qualification of voters, 338; judi ciary, 338; Supreme court of the State, 338, 339; United States courts. 338; District courts,.~39; finances, 339; State debt, 339; education, 339; Lawrence University 339 c Su perintendent of Public Instruction, 3 county superintendents,339; Normal School 839, 340; public schools, 340- charitable in stitutions, 340; Asylum for D'eaf and Dumb 340; Asylum for Insane, 340; Institution for 1869.] 813 J. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. LIECIITENSTEIN immense private property, 567; House of Representatives, 501; voters, 567. LIEUTENANT COLONELS, 111-120. LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS, 133135. LIEUTENANT GENERAL, 111. LIEUTENANTS, 134. LIGHTHOUSE BOARD, 96, 105. LIGHTHOUSE DISTRICTS and officers, 105. LIPPE-DETMOLD, capital, 562- area, 562- pop ulation, 562; reigning sovereign and fpmily, 562; government, 562; revenue, e xpendi tures, and debt, 562; troops, 562. LIST of vessels in the UT. S. Navy, 136-145. LITERATURE and literary influences of the day, essay on, (;59. LONGITUDE, table of, 50-58. LOPEZ, FRANCISCO SOLANO, President of Par agu~ay 531. Louis I. Kin3 of Portugal, 581. Louis II. Kiug of Bavaria, 564. Louis III. Grand Duke ofHesse-Darmstadt, 567. LOUISIANA, Governors of, 66; U.S. Senators of, 172, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263; collectors of custom, s, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 100; mili tary department of, 125; mail service in, 155; first grant of swamp lands to, 173; land grants, 174; pensioners in, 177; temperature and rain-fall, 186- average yield and prices of c rops, 18 7; pri ces of farm stoc k, 188; col lete s in, 198; r econst ruction of, 234, 248. apital, 346; area, 346; population, 346, 351; settlement,.346; ceded to th e United S tates. 346; ordinance of secession, 346; new constitution r atifie d, 346; government, 347; legislature, 347; qualification of voters, 347; judiciary, 347- Supreme court and Dis trict courts, 347, 348; United States courts, 348; finances, 348; State debt, 348; educa tion. 349; university, 349; State Superinteni dent of Public Instruction, 349; school fund, 349; Normal School,'349: school statistics of New Orleans, 349; charitable institutions, 349; agricultural resources, 352; timber, 352; value of land, 352; commerce, 352,- products, 352; banks, 352; votes at presidential elec tions, 722. LUBECK, area and population, 564; Senate and HIouse of Burgesses, 564; High Court of Ap peal for the free cities of Germany, 564; finances, 564; commerce, 564; troops, 564. LUTHERANS, in the United States, 618, 619; in Europe, 619; in Asia, Africa, and Austra lia, 619. LUXEMBURG, capital, 579.; area, 579; popula tion, 579; history, 579; treaty of London, 579; government, 579; Diet, 579; revenue, expenditures, and debt, 579. MAINE 353 government, 353; legislature, 353; qualifications of voters, 353; judiciary, 353; Supreme c ourt of th e state, 3563, 354; o itaed States courts, 354; te rms of supreme court, 354; finances, 354; chief sources of revenue, 354; expenditures, 3 54; res ourc es of the state, 3.54; liabilities of the state, 355; state debt, 355; education, 355; colleges, 355; Superintendent of com m on schools, 355; Normal Schools, 355- public schools, 355: charitable in stitutions, 3256- Ho s pital f or the Insane, 356; State Reform School, 356; Industrial School for girls, 356; state prison, 356; wea lth and inductr y, 357; immigra tion, 357-; harbors, 357; l umber business, 357; ship building. 357; watep er power, 357; manu facture s, 357; agriculture, 357; p roducts, 357; banks, 357. r ai lroads, 357; votes at Presiden tial election s, 670. MAJORS, 111-120. MAJOR GENERALS, 111. MANUFACTURES exempted from internal rev enuie tax, 247. MARINE CORs, 136. MARS, disc of, 15* evening st ar, 15; ephemeris of, 16,17; situation of, 53-45; diamete r, 47 distance from sun, 47; revolution and rota tion on axis, 47. MARYLAND, Governors of, 6fi6; U. S. Senators of, 172, 263; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263; collectors of customs, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 100; mail service in, 155; pensioners in, 177 temperature and rain-fall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 198. Capital, 358; area 358; population, 358, 363; settlement, 358- United States consti tution ratified,.358; government, 358; legis lature, 358; qualification of voters, 359; court of Appeals, 359; Circu it cou rt s, 359p, Baltimore city court s, 3 59, 360; Unitedi States courts, 359; terms of court s, 36; finances, 360; ch ief sources of revenue, 360; disbursements, 361; state debt, 361; educa tion, 361; collees, 361; St. John's college, 361- supervision of public schools, 861; Board of county school commissioners, 361 school district boards, 361; Normal.School, 362- teachers' institutes, 362; common schools, 36(2; charitable institutions, 362; Hospital for the Insane, 362: penitentiary, 862; wealth and industry, 368- soil and cli mate, 363; flour, 363; fruit, 363; commerce, 863; oysters, 868; products,.363- banks, 363; votes at Presidential elections, 684. MASSACHUSETTS, Governors of, 66; U.S. SeLaT tors, 72, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263; collectors of customs, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 100; mail service in, 155; pensioners in, 177; temperature and rain-fall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 198. Capital, 364' area, 364i population, 364 374; settlement, 364; United States consti tution ratified, 364; government, 364; ex ecutive council, 364; state militia, 364; legis lature, 364; qualification of voters, 34; judiciary, 365; Supreme court, 365; Superiol court, 365; United States courts, 365; dis trict attorneys, 365; terms of Supreme court, 365; finances, 366; state debt, 366; chief sources of revenue, 366; ordinary ex penlses, 367; trust funds, 367; education, 368; Harvard University, 368; Lawrence MADAGASCAR, c apital, 600; area, 600; popula tion, 600; early history, 600; persecutions and advancement of Christianity, 600; gov ernment, 600. MAGNETIC NEEDLE, declination of, obtained, 49. MAINE, Governors of, 66; U. S. Senators of, 172, 263; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263- collectors of customs, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 100; mail service in, 1.55; pensioners in, 177; temperature and rain-fall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188: colleges in, 198. Capital,'35; area, 353; population, 353, 357; settlement, 353; admitted to the Union, 814 [1869. 0 M. GENERAL INDEX. MASSACHUSETTS - M Scientific School, 368; Board of Education, 368; school committees, 368; Normal Schools, 368, 369 sichool statistics, 368; charitable instiltuto ns, 369; Lu nati c Hospi t als, 369 3.71; Allishouses, 369, 371; State Reform School, 370, 371; Industrial school for ~irls, 370, 371; School for Idiotic and Fee le-minded youth, p 7, 37 32; Nautical School, 370, 372; cr iminal statistic s, 372; state prison, 372; county and city prtsons, 3M 2; receipts and expe nditures of charitable institutions for 1867, 373; wealth and indus try, 374; statistics of population, 374; in dMLstrial statistics, 374; corporations, 375; periodicals, 375; assessments, 375; banks, 375; insuranc e c ompanies, 375; votes at Pres ide ntial elections, 676. MAYO, Earl, G overno r General of India, 594. MIIECKILENBURG-scHWERIN, capital, 559; area, 559; population, 559; cha racter of the coun try 559o reigning sovereign and family, 559; Slavonic origin, 559; government, 559; edu cation, 559; finances, 559; army, 559. MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ, capital, 560; area, 560; population and emigration, 560; reign ing- sovereign and family, 560; Diet, 560; revenue, 560; army, 560. MEDICAL colleges and schools, 206. MEDICAL Department of the army, 112. MEDINA, JOSE MARIA, Pres. of Honduras, 529. MELGAREJO, MARIANO, 525. MEMBERS, of Fortieth Congress, 71, 261- of Forty-first Congress, 262-264; political clas sification of, 264. MERCHANDISE, duties levied on, 236; sales of, 2~38, 2,39.' MERCURY, rising and setting of, 10- when brightest, 10; diameter, 47- distance from sun, 47: revolution, 47. METHODIST CHURCH, 620; denominations, in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, 621. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH in the United States, 619, 620; annual conferences in, 620; Church South, 620; African and Zion Chur ches, 620. MExIco, 530; capital, 530' area, 530; popula tion, 530; history, 5301) list of rulers, 530; statistics of races, 530; government, 530; ministry, 531; constitution, 531; Senate and House of Representatives, 531; revenue and expenditures 531; debt, 531; exports and imports, 531; produce of silver, 531; rail way, 531; army, 531. J MICHIGAN, Governors of, 66; U. S. Senators, 72, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263; collectors of customs, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 101 mail service in, 155; land grants in, 174' 248; pensioners in, 177; temperature and rain-fall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; col leges in, 198.'' Capital, 376; area, 376; population, 376, 381; settlement, 376; ceded to the United States, 376; admitted to the Union, 376; government,.376; legislature,376; quialifica tion of voters,.376; judiciary, 376; Supreme court, 376, 377; Circuit courts, 376, 377; United States courts, 377; terms of Supreme court, 377; finances, 377; state debt, 378; education, 378; University of Michigan, 378, ,379; Agricultural college, 378; Normal School, 378, 379; Superintendent of public instruction, 379; teachers' institutes, 37.9; school funds, 379; public schools, 379; pri vate schools, 379; charitable institutions, MICHIGAN 379; Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind 3879, 380; Asylum for the Iiisane, 380; state prison, 380: State Reform School, 380; De troit House of Correction, 380; wealth and industry 381; divisions of the state, 381; climate, 381; minerals, 381; commerce, 381; products, 381; railroads, 382; manufactures, .382: banks 382; votes at Presidential elec tions, 724. MIDSHIPMEN, number at Naval Academy, 180; candidates for, 130; qualifications, 130; ex aminiation, 131; advancement of, 131. MILAN OBRENOVITCH, Prince of Servia, 591. MILITARY divisions, districts, and departments, 124, 802. MINING, 641. MINISTERS resident, 82. MINNESOTA,line of sun's eclipsepassesthrough, 13; Governors of, 66; U. S. Senators, 72, 262; Representatives in Congress, 74, 263; collectors of customs, 98; assessors and col lectors of internal revenue, 101; mail ser vice in, 155; land grants in, 174, 251; pen sioners in, 177; temperature and rain-fall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 1'98. Capital, 382; area, 382; population, 382, 386; settlement, 382; organized as a ter ri tory, 382; admitted into the Union, 382; government, 382; legislature, 382; qualifi cation of voters, 382; judiciary, 388; Su preme court, 383; District courts, SS3;' Uni ted States court, 383; terms of Supreme court, 383; finances, 383; sources of reve nue, 383; disbursements, 384; funded debt, 384; education, 384; school lands, 384-385; State University, 384; Superintendent of Public Instruction, 384; Normal School, 385; teachers' institutes, 385; public schools 385; charitable institutions. 385; Institution for Deaf and Dumb, 386; HIospital for the Insane, 386; state prison, 386; wealth and industry, 386; advantageous situation, 387; agriculture, 387; minerals,387; forests, pro ducts, 387; steamboats, 387; water-power 387; votes at Presidential elections, 7,34.. MINT OF THE UNITED STATES (see U. S. Mint, 218). mMISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS, Progress of Agricul ture, 621-629; Currency and Finance, 630; Mining, 641; Literature and Literary Influ ences of the Day, 659. MIssissIPpi, Governors of, 66; collectors of customs, 98; assessors and collectors of in ternal revenue, 101; mail service in, 155; land grants, 174; temperature and rain-fall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock 138; colleges in, 198; reconstruction in, 234, 248. Capital, 387; area, 387; population,.387, 390: settlement, 387; admitted to the Union 387; ordinance of secession adopted, 387; repealed 387; government, 388; legislature, 388; qualification of voters, 388; judiciary, n388, High court of Errors and Appeals, 388; Circuit courts 388, 389; Chancery courts, 388; United States courts, 388; terms of courts, 389; finances, 389 education, 389; colleges and academies, 389; charitable in stitutions, 389: Asylum for the Blind, 3894 penitentiary, 389; cotton, 3.90; other pro ducts, 390; votes at Presidential elections 720. MIssouRi, Governors of, 67; U. S. Senators, 72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 74, 264; collector of customs in, 98; assessors 1869.1 1 815 THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. MISSOURI- and collectors of internal revenue, 101; mili tary department of, 124; mail service in, 155' land grants to, 174; pensioners in, 177, 178; temperature and rain-fall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 198. Capital, 390; area, 390; population, 390 394; settlement, 390; ceded to the United States, 390; admitted to the Union, 390; new constitution ratified, 390; government, 390; legislature, 390; qualification of v oters, 391; judici ary, 391; Supreme court 391; Circuit and District courts, 391; United States courts, 391; terms of courts, 391; finances, 391; state debt, 392; education, 39 2; State University, 392; Normal Schools' 392; Sta te Superinte ndent, 392; boards of education, 392; county superintendent, 392; public school freund, 3 92; public schools, 392; schools of St. Louis, 393; charitable insti tutions, 393; Institution for the Blind, 393; Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, 393; Asylum for the Insane, 393; penitentiary, 393, 394 wealth and industry, 394; soil and agricul ture, 394; viney ar ds, 394; minerals, 394; position,'395; manufactures, 395; tonnage, 395; products, 395; votes at Presidentmal elections, 716. MOHAMMEDAN, calendar, 10; year, 10; months, 10; countries, 610. MOHAMMEDANS, number of, 609. MONASTIC ORDERS, 615. MONEY order system, 154. MONTANA TERRITORY, Governors of, 69;* dele gate from, 76; assessor and collector of in ternal revenue, 101; gold and silver product of, 220, 221. Capital, 497; area, 497; population, 497, 499; organization, 497; boundaries, 497; government, 497; judiciary, 497; Supreme court, 497, 498; Probate courts, 497; finances, 498; expenditures, 498; public debt, 498; education, 498; Superintendent of Public Instruction, 498; county superintendents, 498; school returns, 498, wealth and in dustry, 499- immigration, 499; Surveyor General, 499; character of the country, 499; stock raisinz, 499; silver and gold mines, 499; other minerals, 500; assessed value of property, 500- banks, 500. MONTENEGRO, reigning prince of, 591; popula tion, 591; army, 591. MooN, eclipses of, 11, 12, 14; longitude of, 19; phases of, 23-45; rising and setting of, 23-45. MORAVIANS, 621. MORNING STARS, 15. MUSEUM, Agricultural, 184. MUlRPHY, GOVERNOR, of Arkansas, remarks upon the condition of education, 283. NAVAL CONSTRUCTORS, 136. NAVAL FORCE, 138 145. NAVY AND ARMY, 106. NAVY DEPARTMENT, (see department of the tNavy); list, 132; grades of officers, 132; retired list, 135; marine corps, 136; resig nations, deaths and dismissals, 136. NAVY PENSIONS, 176, 178. NAVY yards and shore stations, 140. NAVY of Great Britain, 573; governed by, 573; strength of, 574. NEBRASKA, Governors of, 67; U. S. Senators of, 72, 263; Representative in Congress, 75, 264- assessor and collector of internal re venue, 101; mail service in, 155; land grants to, 174' pensioners in, 177 temperature and rain-fall of, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188. 3Capital, 395; area 395; population 395, 397* settlement, 395; admitted to the union, 395; government, 395; legislature, 395; qual ification of voters, 396; judiciary, 396' Su premecourt, 396; Districtcourts, 396; Uinit ed States courts, 396; finances, 396; sinking futnd, 396; education, 397; Board of Educa tion, 397; Superintendent of Public Instruc tion, 397- Normal School, 397; wealth and industry, 397; timber 397- stock-raising 397; coal-beds, 397- products, 397; banks, 397; votes a t presiden tial elections, 733. NESTORIANS, 615. NETHERLANDS, 579; capital, 5t9; area, 579; population, 579; history, 579; reigning sov ereign and family, 579; House of Orallge Nassau, 579; Legislative Chambers, 579; ministry, 580; education, universities, 580, revenue, expenditure and debt, 580; army and navy, 580; commerce, imports and ex ports, 580; colonial statistics, 580. NEVADA, Governors of, 67; U. S. Senators of, 72, 263; Representatives of, 75, 264; assess or and collector of internal revenue, 101; mail service in, 155; land grants to, 174, 400; gold and silver produced, 220. Capital, 398; area, 398- population, 398, 400; ceded to the United States, 398; settle ments, 398; admitted to the union, 398; boundaries, 398; government, 398; legisla ture, 398; qualification of voters, 398- judi ciary, 398;- Supreme court, 398; District courts, 398; terms of courts, 398; United States courts, 398; finances, 399; state debt 399; education, 399; Board of Education, 399; Superintendent of Public Instruction, 399; county superintendents, 399; boards of trustees, 399: boards of examiners, 399 charitable institutions, 400- prion, 400; wealth and industry, 400; immigration, 400 Indians,400; surface,400; forests,400; min ing, 400; Sutro tunnel, 400; salt, 401 mills for crushing ores, 401; votes at presidential elections, i35. NEw HAMPSHIRE, Governors of, 67; U. S. Sen ators of, 72, 263; Representatives in Con gress, 75, 264; collector of customs in, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 101; mail service in, 155; pensioners in, 177; temperature and rain-fall 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188 college in, 200. Capital 401, area401 i population, 401, 405; settlement 401- Unted States consti tution ratified, 401; government, 401: legis lature, 402; qualification of voters, 402; ju diciary, 402; Supreme court, 402; United States courts, 402; terms of Supreme court, 402; finances, 403; state debt, 403; literary N. NAPOLEON m. Charles Louis, Emperor of the French, 548. NASSAR-ED DIN, Shah of Persia, 597. NATAL, area and population, 600; erected to a separate government, 600; revenue and ex penditures, 600; imports and exports, 600. NATIONAL BANKS, 242; notes of, 242; taxation of, 243; money reserve of, 244. NATIONAL DEBT, 240, 244, 635, 637, 640, 642. NATIONAL PLATFORMS of 1868, Republican 265; Soldier s' and Sailors' at Chicago, 266;; Dem ocratic, 268; Soldiers' and Sailors' at New York, 269. NATIONAL S(OCIETIES, 223. 816 [1869. GENERAL INDEX. NEW HAMPrSHIRE fund, 404; education. 404, Dartmouth Col lege, 404; Agricultural College, 404; Super intendent of Pllublic Instrletion, 404; school committees, 404; teachers' conv en tions, 404; public schools, 404; charitabl e institu tions, 405; Asylum for thie Insane, 405; Reform S chool, 405; state prison, 405; wealth an d e ind ustry, 405; agriculture, 406; manufac ture s, 406; lumber, 406; farms, 406; pro dticts, 40 6; banks, 406; votes at presidential electio ns, 67.0. NEW JSRSEY, Governors of, 67; TU.S. Senators of, 72, 263; Representatives m Congress, 75, 2.64; collectors of customs in, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 101 mail service in, 155; -pensioners in, 177, 178 tem perature and ram-fall of, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 200. Capital, 406; area, 406; population, 406, 410; settlement, 406; United States consti tution ratified, 406; government, 406; legis latuire, 407; qualification of voters, 407; mi litia, 407; judiciary, 407; Supreme court, 407; court of Errors and Appeals, 407; Unit ed States courts, 407; terms of courts, 407; .finanices, 408; state debt, 408; education, 40S; Princeton College, 408; Board of Edu cation, 408; Superintendent of Public In struction, 408; county superintendents, 408; board of examiners, 408; Normal School' 409; public schools, 409; charitable institu tions, 409; Lunatic Asylum, 409; Home for disabled soldiers, 409; Soldiers' Children's Home, 409, 410; state prison, 409, 410; wealth and industry, 410; garden products, 410; zinc and marl, 410; manufactures 410; pro ducts, 410. banks, 410; railroads, 410; votes. at presidential elections, 672. NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH, 621. NEW MExICo, Governors of, 69; delegates from, 76; assessor and collector of internal rev enue, 101; mail service in, 155; gold and silver product of, 220, 221. Capital, 500; area, 500- population, 500; settlement, 500* ceded to the United States, 500; constituted a territory, 500; govern ment, 500; legislature, 500; judiciary, 500 Supreme and District courts, 501; education 501; schools, 501; Spanish dialect, 501; wealth and industry, 501; productions, 501, mining operations, 501; salt, 502. NEW SOUTH WALES, area, 601; population, 601; immigrants, 601; parliament, 601; schools, 601; revenue, expenditure and debt, 601; trade, imports and exports, 601; coal, 601. NEW YORK, Governors of, 67; U.'S. Senators "2, 263- Representatives m Congress, 75, 264; collectors of customs, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 101,102; mail service in, 155- pensioners in, 177,178 temperature and rain-fall of, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187* prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 200 Capital, 411; area, 411; population, 411, 419; settlement, 411; United States consti tution ratified, 411; state constitution adopt ed, 411; government, 411; Governor's staff, 411; legislature, 411; judiciary, 412; court for Trial of Impeachmentsi412; court of Appeae., 412, 413; Supreme court, 412, 413; County courts, 412; Criminal courts, 412; United States courts, 413; terms of courts, 413; finances, 413; general and other funds, 414; state debt, 414; canal fund, 414; canal debt paying interest, 414; education, 414; 52 NECW YORK Regents Of the University of the State of New York, 414- University Convocation, 415; Columbia College, 415; other colleges and universities, 415; Superintendent of Public Instruction, 415; schliool commission ers, 415; Normal Schools,.415; teachers in stitutes, 416; public sclhools, 416; private schools, 416; charitable institutions, 416; Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 416, 417; Institution for the Blind, 417; Asylum for Idiots, 417; Lunatic Asylums, 417- Inebri ate Asylum 417, 418; Western, House of Refuge, 418, state prisons, 418, 419; wealth and industry, 419; arrivals of foreigners, 419; agriculture, 420; receipts for customs, 420; canals and railroads, 420; minerals, 420; pro ducts, 420; banks, 242, 244, 420; insurance companies, 420; imports, 420; votes at presi dential elections, 678. NEW YORK CITY, 516; area of Manhattan Isl and, 516; population, 516,521; government, t516-o boatd of aldermen, 516; board of as 4 sistant aldermen, 56; board of supervisors, 516; commissioners of charities and correc tions, 516; executive departments, 517; ex ecutive county officers, 517- commissioners of Central Park, 517; Metropolitan police department, 517, Courts, 517; Police courts 517; Criminal courts of record, 518; Civil courts, 518; fire department, 518; board of health, 518; Croton aqueduct, 518; educa tion, 518; school officers, 518; periodicals and libraries, 518; churches, 518; charitable institutions, 519, 521; post office, 519; rev enue officers, 519; military, 519; banks, 519; insurance companies, 519; number of man ufacturing and mining companies, 519; city railroads and ferries, 519; imports and ex ports, 520; arrivals of steamers, ships, &c., 520; valuation of taxable property, 520; ap propriations, 520; amount of tax, 521- im migration, 521, representation in the State Legislature and in Congress, 521. 2NEW ZEALAND, area, 601; population, 601; par Ciamentl, 50; revenue, expenditures and debt, 601; industry, 601. NICARAGUA, capital, 527; area, 527; population, 527; government, 527; divisions, 527; reve nue, expenditures and debt, 527; imports and exports, 527. NICHOLAS I, Prince of Montenegro, 591. NOMINATION of President and Vice President, 267, 272. NORMAL schools, 210. NORMAL and Training schools, 210. NORTH CAROLINA, line of sun's eclipse passes through, 13; Governors of, 67; U.S S ena tors, 72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 75, 264; collectors of customs in, 98; asses s6rs and collectors of internal revenue in 102, mail service in, 155; temperature and rain-fall of, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187-, prices of farm stock, 188; col leges in, 200- gold product, 221. Capital 4211 area, p4 21 i population, 421, 425 settlement, 421- United States consti tution rat ified, 421- secession of, 421; re-ad mitted to the union, 421; government, 421; legislature, 421; qualification of voters, 422; judiciary, 422; Supreme court, 422, 423; Su perior court, 422, 423 United States courts, 428 terms of courts, 423; finances, 428; state debt, 4283; education, 424; State Uni versity, 424; Board of Education, 424; pub lic school system, 424; literary fund, 424; Superintendent of Public Instruction, 424; .817 Isog.] I THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. NORTH CAROLINA charitable institutions, 494; Insane Asylum, 425; Institution for Deaf and Dumb, 425; state prison, 425; wealth and industry, 425; divisions of, 426; fisheries, 426; minerals, 426; products, 426; manufactures, 426; banks, 426; votes at presidential elections, 686. NORTH GERMANY, 554; area and population, (see Germnaty); government, 554- new con stitution, 554; federal council and parlia ment, 554; finances, 555; expenditures and revenue, 555; army and navy, 555. NORWAY, capital, 587; area, 587; population, 58T7; government, 587; democratic constitu tion, 587; the Storthing. 587; education, 587; finances, 587; army and navy, 588; imports and exports, 588; commercial navy, 588. NOTES, legal tender, 241; of National banks, 242. OBITUARIES Lescr, Rev. Isaac, 787; Leutze, Emmanuel, 787; Limayrac, Paulin, 787; Lincoln, Levi, 787; Longley, Chas. Thomas, 787- Louis I., Chas. Augustus, 788; Lover, Samuel, 788. McCall, George Archibald, 788- McGee, Thomas D'Arcy, 789- McRae, John J. 789; Ma~,ee, John, 789; Mann, Abijah, Jr., 789; Mann James, 789- Marochetti Chas. Baron 790- Marsh, John, D. D., 790; Mattison, Hi ram, D. D. 790; Mayne, Sir Richard, K. C. B, 790; Menkin, Adah Isaacs, 790; Michael III., Prince of Servia, 791; Miller, James F., 791; Milman, Henry Hart, 791* Mitchell, S. Augustus 791 Monagas, Gen. Jose Tadeo, 792 M-onkout, Chao Pha, King of Siam 792 Moreead Chas. S., 792 Muzaf fer-ed-diu, Emir of Bokhara,'92. Navaez, Don Ramon Marie Duke of Va lencia, 792; Nicolson, Samuel, 793; Noyes, Joseph C., 793. Pendleton John S. 793; Pickering, Oc tavius, 793-'Poe, Adam, D. D., 793. Raphall Rev. Morris Jacob, 793- Rives Wm. C., 794- Robertson, Anthony L., 794 Rossini, Gioachino, 794 Rothschild James Baron, 795. Salisbury, James, Marquis of, 795- Sey mour Thomas H., 795; Slemmer, Adam J., s795; Smith, Benjamiln Franklin, 795 Smith, Seba, 796; Sommers, Chas. G., D. D., 796; Steele, Frederic, 796- Stevens, Edwin A., 7796; Stevens, Thaddeus, 796; Stockton, Thos. Hewlings, 798; Stohlman, Chas. F. E., D. D., 798; Stoughton, Edward H., 798. Theodorus, Wing of Abyssinia, 798 Thompson, Waddy, 799; Tod David 799' Tracy, Andrew, 799. Vassar, Matthew, 799; Vaughan, Robert, D. D., 800. Walewski, (Comte de) Florian, 800; Wells, Samuel, 800- Whittlesey, Thos. T., 800; Wick, Win. W., 800; Wilmot, David, 800; Woodruff, John, 800; Wortendyke, Jacob R., 800. OCCULTATIONS of Regulus and Aldebaran, 19. (ECUMENICAL councils, C614. OFFICERS of the Government of the United States, 60; presidents, 60; vice-presidents, 60; secretaries of stsate, 60; secretaries of the treasury, 61; secretaries of war, 61; sec retaries of the navy, 61; secretaries of the interior, 61; postmasters-general, 62- at torneys-general, 62; chief justices of the supreme court, 62; associate justices of the supreme court, 62; presidents pro-tempore of the Senate, 63; speakers of the House of Representatives, 63. OHIO, Governors of, 67; U.S. Senators, 72,263; Representatives, 75, 264; collectors of cus toms, 98; assessors and collectors of inter nal revenue 102' mail service in 156- pen sioners in, 177,178; temperature and rainfall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges 00. Capital, 426- area, 426- population, 426; ,ceded to the United States 426 settlement of, 426, 432- admitted to the Union, 426; government, 426; legislature, 427 qualifica 7ion of voters, 47; state militia, 427; judi ciary, 427; Supreme court, 427, 428- United States courts, 427; finances, 428; state debt, 428; education, 428; school commissioners, 428; board of examiners, 429; school dis tricts 429; public schools, 429; private schools 429; colleges, 430; charitable insti tutions, 430; Lunatic Asylums, 430, 431; OBITUARIES, Abbott, Amos, 773; Adler, George J., 773; Allen, Wm., D. D., 773; Andrea, Jerome de, 773; Andrews, Timothy P., 773 Asboth, Alexander, 773. Baker, Lafayette C., 7737 Baraga, Freder ick, D. D., 7 74; BauLgher,Henry L., D. D., 774; Baxter, Portus, D774 Baya bd, Richard AH., 774; Beach, Moses rale, 74; Beach, W oos ter, M. D., 774; Beall, S. 7W., t4 Beecher, Lieut. Frederick 774c Bell, Henry H., 774; Bell, Samuel Dana, 775; Berryer, Antoine Pierre, 775; Blakeney, Sir Edward, 775; Boyd, John H., 775; Bradbury, Wm. B., 775; Brewster, Sir David, 775 Brooke, Sir James, K. C. B., 776; Brougham, Henry, Lord Brougham and Vaux, 776; Brown, Rev. John Newton, 777; Buchanan, James, 777; Buel, Alexander W., 778. Cagger, Peter, 778; Campbell, John H., 8- Campbell, Thompson, 778; Cardigan, Jas. Thos. Brudenell, 778; Carson, Kit, 778; Cattermore, George, 779; Christy, George 779; Clark, Laban, D. D., 779; Cobb, How ell, 779; Coles, Edward, 7S0; Coquerel0 Athanase, 780; Coyne, Joseph Stirling, 780' Cranworth, Lord the Right Hon. Monsey Rolfe, 780. Dean, Julia, 780; Duffield, Geo., D. D., 780. Elliott, Charles Loring, 781; Ellsworth, Wm. W., 781; Engle, Frederick, 781. Fessenden, T. A. D., 781; Finney, Dar win A., 781: Force, Peter, 781* Ford, Thos. H., 781; Fulford, Francis, D. 1)., 782. Gannon, Mary, 782; Gates, William, 782; Gansevoort, Guert, 782; Gibbs, Alfred, 782 Gillespie, Wm. Mitchell, 782; Gilmer, John A., 782; Goodrich, Chauncey A., D. D., 782; Granger, Francis, 782; Grayson, Wm., 782; Gurley, Phineas D., D. D., 783. Halpine, Charles G., 783; Hampden, the Rt. Rev. Reun Dickson, 183; Hartstene, Henry, 783; Havin, Leonor Joseph, 783; Hawks, Right Rev. Cicero S., D. D., LL. D., 784; Head, Sir Edmund Walker, 784; Her rick, Anson, 7847 Higgins, Matthew James, 784* Hindman, Thos. C., 784* Hinds, James, 784 Hopkins, John Henry, 784; Hughes, Bali, 7s5.' Ingersoll, Joseph R., 785. Johnson, Herman M., D. D., 785; Junkin, George, D. D., 785. Kean, Charles, 785; Kearney, Lawrence, M6; Kimball, Heber C., 786; Krummacher, Frederic Wilhelm, 786. 818 [1869. 0. GENERAL INDEX. OHIO — Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 430, 431; Institutiol for the Blind, 430, 431; Asylum for Idiots, 430; Reform School, 430, 431; penitentiary, 431, 432; wealth and in dustry, 432; vineyards, 432; coal and iron, 432; salt, 432; railroads, 432, 433; commerce, 432; products, 433; bank s, 433; votes at presi dential elections, 698. OLDENBURG, capital, 559; area, 559; popula tion, 559; reigning s overeign and family, 559; government, 560; revenue, expenidi tures, debt, 560; army, 560; commerce, 560. ORD, E. O. C., Maj. Gen., appointed command er of 4th Military District, 234; orders an election, 281. ORDNANCE Department, 114; bureau of the navy, 128. OREGON, Governors of, 68; U. S. Senators of, 72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 75, 264; collector of customs and surveyor, 98; assessor and collector of internal revenue, 101; mail service in, 156; land grants to, 174. 4.35- pensioners in, 177; temperature and rainfall, 186; colleges in, 202; gold product, 220, 221. Capital, 4,3- area, 433; population, 433, 436; settlement, boundary, 433; admitted to the Union, 433; government, 433; legzisla ture, 433-; qualification of voters, 433? juidi ciary, 434; Supreme court, 434; United States courts, 434; finances, 4.34- state debt, 434; education, 435; Willamette University, 435; Superintendent of Public Instruction, 435; charitable institutions, 435- Insane Asylum, 435; penitentiary, 4,35; wealth and industry, 436; natural divisions, 436; forests, 436; fisheries, 436; Columbia river, 436; votes at Presidential elections, 732. ORGANIZATION of the army, 1'2'2. ORIENTAL Churches, 615. PENNISYLVilqIA perature and rainfall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 202. Capital, 437; area, 437- population, 437, 444; settlement of, 437; United States con stitutiou ratified 437 governmnent, 437; leg islature, 437; qualification of voters, 437; judiciary, 437; Supreme court, 437, 438; District courts, 438; courts of Common Pleas, 438; United States courts, 438; terms of courts, 438; finances, 439; state debt, 439; education, 439; history of school system, 439: colleges, 439, 441; Superin tendent of Public Instruction, 439; school districts, 439; Normal schools, 440, 441; public schools, 440; colleges, academies and seminaries, 441; charitable institutions 441; Insane Asylum, 441, 442, 443; Inistitu tion for the Deaf and Dumb, 441, 442; Insti tution for the Blind, 441. 442- Taining School for Feeble-minded Children, 441, 442 Philadelphia House of Refuge, 441 l House of Refuge for West Pennsylvania, 441, 442; Pennsylvania Hospital, 442; West Pennsyl vania Hospital, 443; penitentiaries, 443; wealth and industry, 444; foreigners in the State, 444- agriculture, 444; coal and petro leum,444; rairoads,444; products,444; hanks, 444; votes at Presidential elections, 764. PENSION office, 175. PENSIONS, 169; commissioner of, 170; army pensions, 175; navy pensions, 176, 178. PENSIONERS, 176, 178, 179. PEREZ, JoSE JOAQUIN, president of Chili, 527. PERSIA, capital 597; area, 597; population, 597; chief cities, 597; sovereign, 597; rev enue, 597; army, 597; imports and exports, 597. PERU, capital, 532; area, 532; population, 532 history, 532; government, 532; new consti tution adopted, 532; Senate and House of Representatives, 532; religion 532; minis try, 532; revenue, expenditures, and debt 532; army and navy, 532- exports and i m ports, 53'2;- arrivals an d clearances, 532. PETER I., Grand Duke of Oldenburg, 559. PHASES, of Venus, 15; of t he moon, 2345. PHILADELPHIA, high water at, 21. PiUs IX., Sovere ign Pontiff of Rome, 580. PLANETS, smoa ll or asteroids, 14; exterior, 15; interior, 15; ephemeries oft, 17; si itua tions ofe, 1205; conjunctions of, 46; diame ter and revolutions of, 47; pri mary a nd a ster oids, 47. PLANETARY Conjunctions, 46; characters, 46. PLATFORMS, (see National Placformn,s). POLAND, poputlation, 584; government, 5841 loss of independence, 584- finances: 584. POLARIS, time of passing tie meridian, 49; mean distance from the pole, 1869, 49. POLITICAL classification of Congress, 264. POLYNESIA, (see Australasia and Polynesia). POPE, JOHN, Maj. Gen., appointed commander of 3d District, 234; orders issued by, 275, 306. POPULATION, of States and Territories, (see'each State and Tentiri) of America. 523; of independent American States, 523; of Etiro pean possessions in America, 524; of Europe, ~38; of States of Europe, 5.39, 540, of Asia, 592 i of States and divisions of Asia, 592; of Africa, 598; of divisions and subdivisions, 598; of Anstralasia and Polynesia, 601: (also see each divi,sion of Euerope, Asia, Africa, &c., for population of each). PORTUGAL, capital 581; area, 581; population, 581; history, 581; islands and coloniAs, 581; PAGANs, in America, 524; in Europe, 539; in Asia, 592; in the world 609. PAPAL STATES, 580; capital 580; area, 580; population, 580; history, 580; reigning sov ereign 580; government, 580; Councils, 580; ninistry, 580; revenue, expenditures and debt, 580; army, 581; commerce, 581; rail ways, 581. PARAGUAY, 531: capital, 531; area, 531; popula tion, 531; history, 531; disputed territory, 531; government, 531; sources of income, 531; debt, 532; army and navy, 532; exports and imports, 532. PARLIAMENT of Great Britain, 570; duration of, 571. PARLIAMENTARY elections in Great Britain, 571; grants to popular education, 572. PASSPORTS, clerk of, 81. PATENT office, 169, 181; commissioner of, 169; established, 181; receipts and expenditures, 181; business of, 182; library of, 182. PATENTS, applications for, 181,182; issued, 181, 182. PAY of cadets, 111; of the army, 121; of the navy, 141. PAY Department of the army, 113. PEDRO II., Emperor of Brazil, 526. PENITENTIARIES, (see each State). PENNSYLVANIA, Governors of, 68; U. S. Sena tors, 72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 75, 264: collectors of customs, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 102; mail service in, 156; pensioners in, 177,178; tem 1869.1 819 P. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. PORTUGAL reigning sovereign and family, 581; govern ment, 581 Legislative Chambers, 581; coun cil of ministers, 581- education, 581- uni versity, 581; revenue, expenditure and debt, 581; army, 581; navy, 582; exports and im ports, 582. POSTAGE, rates of domestic, 157; foreign, 158, 161; regulations with respect to, 157, 159. POSTAGES on United States and European mails, 156. POSTAL Conventions, 150; with Great Britain, 150; with other foreign countries, 150; with Hong Kong, 151; mall steamship service to China and Japaii, 151. POSTAL money order system, 154. POSTAL service, 151; post offices and delivery of letters, 151: statistics for fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1867, 152; revenue and expen ditures from 1854 to 1868, inclusive, 154; es timates for 1869, 155; appropriations for special service, 155; table of mail service and of postal receipts and expenditures for year ending June 30, 1867, by States, 155; rates of domestic postage, 157; postage on transient printed matter, 157; foreign let ters, 158; rates of postage on printed mat ter for foreign countries, 158; regulations with respect to newspapers, book packets, patterns, samples, &c., to foreign countrics, 159; United States exchange offices for for eign mails, 160; table of postage to foreign countries, 160. POSTMASTER General, 80; duties of, 148. POSTMIASTERS General, 62. POST Office Department, 148; bureaus in, 148; chief officers in, 149; revenues and expen ditures of, 149. POST Offices, 151. PRE-EMPTION law and right, 171, 175. PREFACE, 3. PRESBYTERIANS, Old School in United States, 621- New School, 621; other branches, 621, 622* in Great Britain and Colonies, 622. PRESIDENT of the United States, how chosen, 79; powers and duties of, 79. PRESIDENTS of the United States, 60, 79, 80. PRESIDENTS of colleges, 197. PRESIDENTS pro-tempore of the Senate, 63. PRICES of farm stock, 188. PRIVATE land claims, 174. PROCEEDINGS of fortieth Congress, 225. PROCLAMATIONS of President Johnson, 255-257. PRODUCTIONS, (see each State). PROTESTANTISM in America, 524; divisions of, 616. PROTESTANT Churches, 616. PROTESTANT Episcopal Church of the United States, 616. PRUSSIA, capital, 555; area, 555; population, 555, 556; table of provinces, 555; languages spoken, 555; chief cities, 556; reigning sov ereign and family, 556 increase of territory, W6;- list of sovereigns, 556; government, 556; constitution, 556; House of Lords and Chamber of Deputies, 556; the executive, 557; education, 557; finances, 557; reve.que, expenditures and debt, 557; army and navy, 557, 558; fortresses, merchant navy, 558; imports and exports, 558; mines, 558; banks, 558; railroads and telegraph lines, 558. PUBLIC buildings of Washigllton, 513. PUBLIC debt of the United States, 239, 244; com parative view of, 240. PUBLIC Lands, 169,170; surveyors of, 169; area of, 170; survey of, 170; grants of, 174. PUBLIC Laws of the United States, 246. PUBLIC Resoluitions, 254. PUBLIC School expenses in principal cities of United States, 213. QUALIFICATIONS, of Senators of United States, T0; of Representatives, 70* of cadets at the 1ilitary Academy, 110; of candidates for the Naval Academy, 130; of cadet engineers, 131. QUALIFICATION of voters, (see each State). QUARTERMASTER'S Department, 112. QUEENSLAND, 601; area, 601; population, 602; immigration, 602; establishment, 602; Par liament, 602; revenue and expenditures, 602; exports and imports, 602. QUICKSILVER, mines of Almaden, 645; use of, 648; history of, 658. R. RAIN-IFALL, table of for twelve months, 186. RATIFICATION of constitutions of Southern states, 235; of constitutional amendment fourteenth, 258; fifteenth, 801. REAR ADMIRALS, 132-134. RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES, of the Patent Office, 181; of the Post Office, 149-155; of the United States, 237; from Internal Rev eniue, 237. RECONSTRUCTION in the Southern states, 233. REED, Gov., of Florida, urges provision for charitable and penal institutions, 310. REFORM BILL of Great Britain, 570-571. REFOR51ED CHURCHES, in the United States, 622; in Europe and Africa, 622. REGISTER OF THE TREASURY, 97; duties of, 96. REGISTRATION of voters in Southern states, 234. REGULUS, occultation of, 19. RELIGION, in the American states, 524; in the European states, 539; in Asia, 592. RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD, 609; creeds, 609; Christians, 609; Jews, 609; East Asiatic, 609; Mohammedans, 609; Pagans, 609- Christianity, 609.REPRESENTATIVES, in fortieth Congress, 74; in forty-first Congress, 263. REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION, 265; Platform, 265. RESIGNATIONS, deaths and dismissals in the navy, 136. RETIRED LIST, of Army, 119; of Navy, 135. REUss, chief town 562; Elder line, area and population, 562; Younger line, area and population 562' Elder line, reigning sover eign and family 562; new constitution, 562; income, expenditures, debt, troops, 562; Younger line, reigning sovereign and family, 562; government, 560; income, expendi tures, debt, troops, 562. RHODE ISLAND Governors of, 68; U. S. Sen ators, 72, 263 Representatives in Congress, 75, 264; collectors of customs and surveyors, 98; assessors and collectors of internal rev enue, 103; mail service in, 156; pensioners in, 177, 179; temperature and rainfall 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 202. Capitals, 445; area, 445 population, 445 448; settlement of, 445-. S. constitution ratified, 445; government 445- legislature 445 qualification of voters, 445; judiciary, 44 445; Supreme court, 445, 446; court of Com mon Pleas, 445, 446; United States courts, 446; terms of courts, 446; finances, 446; state debt, 446; education, 447; Brown Uni versity, 447; School Commissioner, 447; II I I I I I 820 [1869. Q. k GENERAL INDEX. RHODE ISLAND Normal School, 447; common schools, 447; charitable institutions, 447; beneficiaries maintained in other states, 447; Butler Insane Asylum, 447, 448; Providence Reform School, 447, 448; State Prison, 447, 448; wealth and industry, 448; manufactures, 448; products, 448; banks, 448; railroads, 448; votes at Presidential elections. 674. ROBINSON, SIR H., Governor of Cevlon, 595. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, statistics of, 611 612; the Pope, 612: cardinals, 612; patri archs, archbishops and bishops, 612; arch bishoprics and bishoprics, in America, 613; in Europe, 613-614; in Asia, 614* in Africa, 614; in Australasia and Polynesia, 614: (Ecumenical councils, 614; National and Provisional Councils and Diocesan Synods, 614; monastic orders, 615. RUMANIA, area, 591; population, 591; chief cities, 591; sovereign, 591; government, 591; union of Wallachia and Moldavia, 591- cabi net, 591; revenue, expenditures and debt, 591; army and navy, 591; exports and im ports, 591. RUSSIA, capital, 582;- area, 582;- population, 582; history, 582; divisions and chief cities, 582: serfdom abolished, 582; nativity o f popula tion, 582; reigning sovereign and family, 582; governrment, 582; councils, 582; minis try, 582; education, universities and peri odicals, 583; revenue, expenditures and debt. 583; army and navy, 583; imports and exports, 584; trading ports, shipping en tered, 584; commerce, 584; railroad lines, 584; (see Finland and Poland). SAXE-MEININGEN 561; government, 561; income, expendi tures and debt, 561* troops, 561. SAXE WEIMAR, capital, 560; area, 560; popula tion, 560, reigning sovereign and lamily, 560 government 560; House of Parliament, 560- finances, 560' troops, 560. SAXONY capital 558- area, 558; population 558.; districts and cities, 558; reigning sov ereign and fanily, 558; government, 558 Upper and Lowvr Chambers, 558; council of ministers, 55;J education, 559; finances 559;.- venue. e-pendiiureis and debt, 559; army, 559; incd.- trial pu ~Lits, 559. SCHAUMBURG- LIP 563; chief town, 563; area, 563; populatin., 563;,'cigning sovereign and family, 563 governlent, 563; income, expenses and troops, 562,. SCHOFIELD, MAJOR FAUN. JOHN M., appointed commander of ls. Military District, 234. SCHOOL Lawrence Scientific, 368; Sheffield Scientific, 297; military, nautical, medical &c., in Chili, 528; of mines in Mexico, 531. SCHOOL, artillery, 123. SCHOOLS, agricultural and scientific, 212; grants for,173' Theological,204' of law,208; Med ical, 206; Normal, 210; Trainings 210. SCHOOLS in the states, (see Educatlioit in each state). SCHWARZBUJRG-RUDOLSTADT, 562, chief town, 562; area and population, 562; reigning sov ereign and family, 562; goverinment, 563; revenue and expenditures, 563; troops, 563. SCHWARZBURG-SONDERSHAUSEN, 563; chief town, 563 area, 563- po pul, 563;r, 5 at, 563; reign ing sovereign and family, 563 government, 563; revenue, expenditure and debt, 563; troops, 563. SEASONS, the, 10. SECRETARY, of State, 80; duties of, 80; of the Treasur, 80; duties of, 95- of War, 80; du ties of, 107; of the Navy, 80; duties of,' 12; of the Interior, 80. SECRETARIES, of State, 60, 81; the Treasury, 61, 96; War, 61, 108; the Navy, 61, 128; the Interior, 61, 169; Legation, 82. SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, 70. SENATE, presiding officers of, 63, 73. of Fortieth Congress, 71; committees of, 72, 802; of Forty-first Congress, 262. 2Senators, of the United States, qualifications of, 70; how chosen, 70; in Fortieth Con gress, 71; in Forty-first Congress, 262. SERVIA, area and population, 591; capital, 591 sovereign, 591; government, 591; protection of European powers, 591; revenue and ex penditures, 591; army, 591; commerce, 591. SessIoNs of Congress, 63, 71. SETTLEMENT of United States, 59; (of the seve ral States and 7Yrritories, see qtnder' each). SEYMOUR, HORATIO, nominated President, 272; letter of acceptance, 270. SHERIDAN, PHILIP H. Major General, appointed commander of the 5th Military District, 2343 SHIP BUILDING in Maine, 357. SIAM, capital, 597; area, 597; population, 597; divisions, 597; sovereign, 597; government, 597; public revenue, 597; armament, 597; fleet of war, 597; trade, 597. dICKILES, DANIEL E.. Maj. Gen., appointed to the command of the 2d Mil. District, 234, 421. SIGNS of the zodiac, 19. SILK production of in California, 292. .SILVER, coinage, 219; deposits at United States M int, 219; production, 220, 647. SILVER COINS, of the United States, 222; for eign, 222,' SACRAMENTO, schools in, 289. SALNAVE, SYLVAIN, president of Hayti, 529. SALT, in Kentucky, 346: in Louisiana, 352; in Michigan, 381; inNevada, 401; inNewYork, 420; in Ohio, 432; in Texas, 461; il Virginia, 471* in West Virginia, 475; in New Mexico, 502; in Utah, 503. SAN DOMINGO, 532; capital, 532; area, 532; population, 532; history, 532; independence and civil war, 532; president, 532; imports and exports, 532; shipping arrivals, 532. SANDWICH ISLANDS, capital, 602; area, 602; population, 602; history, 602; discovery, 602; consolidation of kingdom, 602; list of kings, 602; government, 602-; ministry, 602. SAN FRANCISCO, high water at, 21; public schools in, 289; trade and commerce of, 293. SAN SALVADOR, 527; capital, 527; area, 527; population, 527, government, 527; Senate and Legislature, 527; revenue, expenditures and debt, 527; imports and exports, 527. SARMIENTO, DOMINGO F., president of Argen tine Republic, 525. SATURN, situation of, 2-345; diameter, 47; dis tance from sun, 47; revolution and rotation on axis, 47. SAXE-ALTENBURG[, capital, 562; area, 562; p op ulation, 562; wealth of peasantry, 562; reign ing sovere ign and family, 562; Chamber of R epresentatives, 562; revenue and exn pen ditures, 562; troops, 562. SHEiCOBURG-GOTHA, capital, 561 n ar ea, 561; 1opulation, 561; reigning sovereign and lhm ~ly, 561; government, 561; elections, 561; income, expenditures and debt, 562; troops, 562. SAXE-MEINrNGEN, capital, 561; area, 561; pop ulation, 561; rei gning sovereign and family, 1869.1 821 S. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. STATISTIcs of Penitentiaries and Prisons, (see each State). SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT, 112. SUN, eclipse of, 11-13; declination of, 18; di ameter and rotation on axis, 47. SUNRISE, 2244. SUNSET, 22-44. SUPETVISING INSPECTORS of steamboats and their districts, 106. SUPREME COURT of the United States, 147; Chief Justices of, 62, 147; Associate Jus tices of, 62, 147. SUPREME COURT of the District of Columbia, 147, 511. SURVEYS of Public Lands, 170. SWEDEN AND NORWAY, 586 union and govern ment, 586. SWEDEN, capital, 586; area, 586; population, 5S6; history 586 - union with Denmark, 586; agriculture, 586 * reigning sovereignl and fam ily, 586; constitution and government, 586; Diet, 586; qualification of electors, 587; ministry, 587; education, 587; revenue, ex penditures and debt, 587; army and navy, 587; fortresses, 587; imports and exports, 587; mines and manufactures, 587; railways, and telegraph lines, 587; (see Norway). SWEDISH POSSESSIONS, 537. SWITZERLAND, 588- capital, 588; area, 588; population 588; history, 588; government, 588; State and Federal Councils, 588; edu cati on, 588; universities, 588; revenue and expenditures, 5887 army, 588; commerce, exports and imports, 589; railways and tele graph lines, 589 Post-office, business of, 589. SILVER MINES, in Nevada, 400, 646, 651; in Michigoan, 381; in Missouri, 394; in Alaska, 484: in Arizona, 486, 652; in Colorado, 488, 652i in Dakota, 492; in Idaho, 495, 657, 651; in Montana, 499, 651, in New Mexico, 501, 652; in Mexico, 531; history of, 649; in Ural Mountains, 645- in Euiropean State s, 645; in Japan and Hew Zealand, 646; in South American States, 646. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 216; officers of, 216; fund of, 216; publications of, 217; exchanges of, 217; observers for, 217. SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' National Convention, at Chicago, 266; at New York, 269. SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES, in Conn., 300; in Illinois, 321; in Indiana, 327; in Iowa, 335; in Pennsylvania, 442; in Wisconsin, 479. SOLICITOR of the Treasury, 97; duties of, 96. SOUTH AUSTRALIA, area and population, 602; Parliament, 602; revenue and expenditures, 60*2; imports and exports, 602. SOUTH CAROLINA, Governors of, 68; U. S. Sen ators, 72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 75, 264; collectors of customs, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 103; mail service in, 156; temperature and rainfall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of f arm stock, 188; colleges in, 202. Capital, 449: area, 449; population, 449, 452 settlement o f, 4 49 United States con stitution ratified, 449; ordinance of seces sion adopted, 449; repealed, 449- re-admit ted to Union, 449; Governmen t, 449; leg islature, 449; q ualifi cation of vote rs, 450 judiciary, 450; Supr eme c ourt, 450, 4513 cour ts of Common Pleas, 450; court of Gen eral Se ssions, 450; United States courts, 450; finances, 451; state debt, 451; educa tion, 451 - Superintendent of Education, 451; scho ol fund, 451; charitable institu tion s, 452; Lu natic Asylmum, 452; penitentiary, 4 52; wealth and industry, 452;- increase of colored population, 452; agriculture, 453; effe cts of the w ar, 453; gold, 453; manufac tTres, 453; p rodu c s,,453: banks, 4537 votes at Presidential electionis, 737. SOUTH GERMANY, 564. (See separate States). SOUTHERN STATES, reconstruction in, 233; reg istration in, 234; ratification of constitu tions, 235. SPAIN, capital, 584- area, 584, 585- population, 584, 585; history, 584; union of Aragon, Castil e, and other Kingdoms, 584; value of lands, 585; government,.585; revolution of 1868, 585* races of, 585 -education, 585: uni versities, 585; revenue, expenditures and debt, 585; army and navy, 585; classification of vessels, 585; imports and exports, 585; mineral and agricultural wealth, 586; railn ways and coast line, 586; colonies, 586. SPANISH POSSESSIONS, 537; area, 537; popula tion, 537. (See C,,tba). SPEAKERS of the House of Representatives, 63, 74. SPECIAL COMMISSIONER of Revenue, 97; duties of. 96. SQUADRONS in the U. S. Navy, 139. STAMP DUTIES, 259; penalties for not using stamps, 260. STAR,, evening, 15; morning, 15; table of, 49. STATE LEGISLATURES, politically classified, 7;8. STATES AND TERRITORIES, Governors of, 649 Governments of, 274. STATISTICS of Agriculture, 185. STATISTICS of Deaf Mutes, (see each State). STATISTICS of Insane, (see each State). T.' TARTARY, area, 597; population, 597, divisions, 597; principal cities, 597; Russian con quests, 597. TASMANIA, area and population, 602- Legisla tive Council and House of Representatives, 602; revenue and expenditures 602; imports and exports, 602. TAXATION of National Banks, 243. TEMPERATURE and rain-fall, 185; table of, 186. TEMPERATURE, highest, 185; lowest, 185. TENN,ESSEE, Governors of, 68; U. S. Senators, 72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 75, 264; collectors of customs, 98; assesors and collectors of internal revenue. 103 * mail ser vice in, 156; temperature and rainfall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187 prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 202. Capital, 454; area, 454; population, 454, 456; settlement of, 454 ceded to the United States, 454; admitted to the Union, 454; ordinance of secession adopted, 454- re pealed, 454; the state restored to the Union, 454; government, 454; legislature, 454: qual ification of voters, 454; judiciary, 454; Su preme court, 454, 455; Chancery court, 454, 4p-55 United States courts, 455; finances, 455; state debt, 455; education, 455; colleges 455 * State Superintendent, 455 County S perintendents, 455; charitable institutions 4sa Insane 2oospital 455, 45 56; Institution for Deaf and Dunmb, 455, 456- Institution for Blind, 455, 456; State Penitentiary, 456; wealth and industry, 45,6; natural divisions, 456; minerals,457; products,457; manufac tures, 457; banks, 457; votes at Presidential elections, 712. ~ TEXAS, Governors of, 68; collectors of customs " in, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 103; mail service in, 156; tempera 822 [1869. GENERALINDEX. TEXAS — ttre and rain fall, 186l average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 2)3. Capital, 457; area, 4 57; population, 457, 460- settlement of, 457; admitted to the Union, 457; ordinance of secession adopted, 457; anllntilled. 457; re construction of, 457; government, 458; legislature, 458; qualifi cation of voters, 4 58; judi ciary, 458; S u Iprm United States co urtss, 458; Distric t c ourts, 458; terms of courts, 459; finances, 459; state debt, 459; education, 459; u niversiti es, 45 9; Boar d of education, 459; testimony of Superintendent o n the state of schools, 459; charitable institutions, 460; hInstitu tion fo r Deaf and Dumb, 460; Lunatic Asylum, 460; penitentiary 4e (; wealth and industry, 460 advantages in regard to soil and cli mate, 4 91 1 timber, 461; cotton, 461; mineral 4 priceof lads, 5461; produc ts, 461; b anks, 461; votes at Presidential elec tions, 730. TEHEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES, 204. TIDE TABLE, 48. TIN, history of, 659. TITLES and abstracts of public laws, 246. TREASURER of United States, 97; duties of, 96. Tu-Duc, emperor of Anam, 593. TURKEY, capital, 589; area, 589; population, 589; history, 589; classification of races in divisions of the empire, 589; chief cities, 589: reigning sovereign and family,.590; Holise of Othmani, 590; government, 590; liberty of worship, 5.90; dignitaries, 590; ministry, 590; education, 590; revenue, ex penidittures and debt, 590; army and navy, 590; classification of vessels, 590; imports and exports, 590; railways and telegraph lines, 591; Tributary States, (see Egypt, l.u m,an.ia, Servia, Montenegro). TWILIGtIT, beginning and end of, 2345. UNIVERSITY OP 344; Harvard, 368; of Michigan, 378; Min nesota State 384; Missouri State, 392; of New York, 415; Cornell, 415; of North Caro lina, 424; Willamnette, 435; Brown: 447; of Texas 459; of Virginia, 470; of Wisconsin, 478; of Washington territory, 505; of Chili 528; of Tubingen, 566; of Coimbra, 581; of Calcutta, 594. URANUS, rising and setting of, 16. URUGUAY capital, 533 area 533 population 533; history, 533 treaty with Brazil and Buenos Ayres, 533; government, 533; mi istry, 533; receipts and expenditures, 533; debt, 534; army, 533; imports and exports, 533; revenue from customs, 533. UTAH TERRITORY Governors of, 69; delegate from, 76; assessor and collector of internal revenue, 103; mail service in, 156; gold and silver product of, 221, 222. Capital, 502; area, 502; population, 502 503; ceded to the United States, 502; settle ment by Mormons, 502; change of name 502; governmiient, 502; legislature, 502; juidi ciary, 502; Supreme court, 502, 503; District courts, 503; finances, 503; education, 503; wealth and industry, 503; character of the territory, 503; productions, 503; fruit, 503; stock raising, 503; factories, 503; Mormon temple and tabernacle, 504; banks, 504. VAN DIEMEN'S LAND, (see Tasmania). VENEZUELA, capital, 533; area, 533; popula tion, 533; history, 533; independence recog nized, 533; government, 533; new coustitu tion adopted 533; revenue, expenditures and debt, 533; army, 533; imports and ex ports, 533. VENUS, disc of, 15; phases of, 15 evening star 15; ephemeris of, 16, 17; situation of, 23-45; diameter, 47; distance from sun, 47; revo lutionl and rotation, 47. VERMONT, Governors of, 69; U. S. Senators in 72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 76, 264; collector of customs, 98; assessors and collectors of internal revenue, 103(; mail ser vice in, 156; pensioners in, 177, 178; tem perature and rainfall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 203. Capital, 462; area, 462; population, 462, 466 settlement of, 462; admitted to the Union 462; government, 462: legislature, 462 qualification of voters, 462; judiciary, 462, Supreme court, 462, 463; County courts, 462 463 United States courts, 463; terms of courts 463 finances 464; state debt, 464; education, 465;, Agricultural college, 465; Board of Education, 465; Normal schools, 465; public schools, 465; charitable institutions, 465; Asylum for the Insane, 465, 466; Relorm School, 465, 466; State Prison, 466; wealth and industry, 466; agriculture, 466; quarries, 467; products, 467; banks, 467; votes at Presidential elections, 672. VICE-AiMIRAL, 132. VIcE PRESIDENT of the United States, how chosen, 79; powers and duties of, 79. VICE-PRESIDENTS, 60, 79, 80. VICTOR EMMANUEL II., King of Italy, 578. VICTORIA I., Queen of Great Britain and Ire land, 570. VICTORIA, area and population, 602- revenue and expenditure, 602; imports and exports, 602; wool, 602; gold product, 602. UNITARIANS, in the United States, 622; in Eu rope, 622. UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST, 622. UNITED EVANGELICAL CHURCH, 622. UNITED STATES,.59; extent of, 59; area, 59; settlement of, 59; government of, 59. UNITED STATES BONDS, 241. UNI TED STATES COAST SURVEY, 96, 104; offi cers of, 104; object ofA, 104; work of, 104. UNITED STATES COINS, 222. UNITED STATES DEBT, 2.39, 240. UNITED STATES Military Academy, 108; Mili tary Staff, 108; Academic Staff, 109; appoint ment and admission of cadets, 110. UNITED STATES MINT, 21 8 8 VTR officers of, 218; branches of, 218; deposits, 219; coinage3, 219. UNITED STATES Naval Academy, 12o9; Stperil - tendent of, 129; Academic Board and Staff, 129; officers not attached to the staff, 130; regulations, 130; admission of students, 130; cadet engineers in the navy, 131. UNIVERSALISTS, m the United States, 622; in Europe, 622. UNIVERSITIES, in Auistria, 542;* in Germany, 554; in Prussia, 557; in Bavaria, 565; m Baden, 566; in Italy, 578; in Russia, 583; in Spain, 585; in Switzerland, 588. UNIVERSITY of Alabama, 277; board of regents of, 278; Wesleyan, 297; Georgia State, 313; Oalethorpe, 314; Mercer, 314- Illinois State Ilndustrial, 318- Indiana State, 325; Iowa State, 332; Kansas State, 339; Kentucky, 823 1869.1 v U. THE AMERICAN YEAR-BOOK AND REGISTER. VTIRGINIA, Governors of, 69; collectors of cus- I toms, 98; assessors and collectors of inter nal revenue, 103; mail s ervice in, 156; pDn sioners in, 177-17i9; temperature and rain fall, 186 average yield and prices of crops, 18Lp prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 202; gold product, 221. Capital, 467; area, 467; population, 467, 470; settlement of, 467; United States con stitutiOnl ratified, 467; secess ion of, 467; state divided, 467; reconstruction of, 467; government, 467; quali f ica tion of voter s, 468 judiciary, 468; court of App eals, 468; Ditrict courts, 468; Circuit courts, 468; Unit ed States cour ts, 468; finances, 469 state debt, 469; education, 469; college oi William and Mary, 470; Washington Coylege 470; Universit of Virginia, 470; wealth and industry, 470; agriculture 470; timber an d minerals, 471i products, 471; banks, 471; votes at Presidential elections, 680. W. WALDECK, chief town, 563; area, 563; popula tion, 563; reign ing sovere ign and family, i6:3; governnme t, 563; revenue, exrpendi tlure, debt and troops, 563. WANGNU, King of Siam, 597. WASHINGTON CUITY, extent, 511; streets and av enues, 511; incorporation, 511; Georgetown, t11; Capitol, 512; laying of corner-stone, 512; extensions, 512; dome, 512; dimensions of building, 512; rotunda, 513; Senate cham ber and Representatives hall, 513- other principal public buildings, 513; parks, 513; classification of buildings, 513; classifica tion of population, 514. WASHINGTON TERRITORY, Governors of, 69; delegate from, 76; collector of customs, 98 assessor and collector of internal revenue, 103; mail service in, 156; gold and silver product, 221. Capital, 504; area, 504; population, 504, 505; settlement, 504; organization, 504- gov ernment, 504; legislature, 505; judiciary, 505; Supreme court, 505; District courts, 505; United States court, 505; terms of courts, 505: education, 505; University of, 505; schools, 505; wealth and industry, 505; nat ural divisions, 505; climate, 506; produc tions, 506; forests and lumber, 507- mines, 507; fisheries, 507; commercial facilities, 507; rivers, 507; public lands, 507. WEALTH AND INDUSTRY, (see each State). WESTERN AUSTRALIA, population, 602; area, 62; transportation of British convicts, 602; exports and imports, 602. WEST VIRGINIA, lhe of sun's eclipse passes through, 13; Governors of, 69; U.S. Sena tors, 72. 26.3; Representatives in Congress,. 76, 264- collectors of customs in, 98; assess ors and collectors of internal revenue, 203; mail service in, 156; pension,ers, 177, 178; temperature and rainfall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock, 188; colleges in, 204. Capital, 471; area, 471; population, 471. 475; organization of, 471; admitted to the Union, 471; government, 471; legislature WEST VIRGINIA 471; qualification of voters 472; judiciary, 472; Supreme court, 472;- United States courts, 472; terms of courts, 472 finances, 472; revenue and expenditures, 47,3; educa tion, 473; Superintendent of Schools 473; county superintendents, 473; boardIs of edu cation, 4 73; school fund, 473; Normal Schools, 47.3* Agricultural Colleg,e, 474; pub lic schools 474- charitable institutions, 474; Insane Hospital 474; penitentiary, 474, 475; wealth and industry, 475; soil, 475; mine rals, 475; taxable property of the state, 475; votes at Presidentla elections, 736. WILLIAM I., King of Prussia, 556. WILLIAM I., Dulke of Brunswick, 561. WILLIAM III., King of the Netherlands, 579. WISCONSIN, Governors of, 69; U. S. Senators of, 72, 263; Representatives in Congress, 76, 264; collectors of customs in, 98; assess ors and collectors of internal revenue, 104; mail service in, 156; landgrants to, 174, 248; pensioners in, 177-179, temperature and rainfall, 186; average yield and prices of crops, 187; prices of farm stock in, 188; col leges in, 204. Capital, 476; area, 476; population, 476; settlement, 476; admitted to the Union 47t; government, 476- legislature, 476; qualifica tions of voters, 476; judiciary, 476; Supreme courts, 476, 477; Circuit court, 4q6, 477; United States courts, 477; terms of courts, 477; finances, 477; state debt, 477; edutca tion, 478; State University, 478- Super intendent of Public Instruction, 478; Nor mal Schools, 478; publice schools, 478: private schools, 478; colleges, 479 charitable insti tutions 479- Insane Hospital, 479, 480; In stitution for' the Deaf and Dumb, 479, 480; Institution for the Blind 479; Soldiers' Or phans' Home 479 480; Reform School, 49, 480; State Prison, 480; wealth and industry, 480; immigration, 480; surface, 481; timber, 481; minerals, 481 manufactures 481 pro ducts, 481; banks, 481; votes at Presidential elections, 704. WURTEMBERG, area, 565; population, 565; ex tensive emigration, 565* reigning sovereigq and family, 565: government, 565; min istry, 565; educational institutions, 566; in c o me, expenditure and debt, 566; railroads, 566; army, 566; banks and insurance, 566; live stock, 566; mines, 566; Post-Office, 566; telegraph stations, 566. WYOMING TERRITORY, organization 508 boundaries, 508; government, 508; legisla ture, 508; qualification of voters, 508; judi ciary, 509; character of the country, 510; surface, 510; gold mines, 510; Pacific Rail road, 510. YALE COLLEGEir, 297. YOUNG, Sir John, Governor-General of Canada, 534. SEP 2 -7 1919 I 824 L186-9. Y. Z. ZiNc, 659; history of, 659 -, prodnet, 659. ZOI)IAC, constellation" ancl iizis of, 19. ZOLLVEREIN, Tii.E, of Germahy, 4012.