sRem p er Icdem. FOSTER & FILER, Marnufacturers and Dealer. in FI N I 1OOM FURN.ISIGGOS Hosiery, Gloves, Suspenders, Handkerch'fs, Neck Ties, Bows and Scarfs, Linen and Pa per Collars, Cuffs, Etc. Perfect Fitting Shirts a Specialty, M3[ade to order on ten days' notice..A fit guaranteed, or money refunded. Send for Self-Measurement Blank. For sqiare and honest bargains go to 22 East Washington Street, Indianapolis, Indiana. J jrkl., GENU ELZAL AGE3VNT Fk3Y INDIANA. NO. 27 NORTH PENNSYLVANIA STREET INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. __:E'.AG_E,'TS' WrTIID. BUCKSKIN UNDERWEAR. _._ MI —N's A, W 1> x: a WN Ws: -Aeto THOMAS DAVIS, ALFRED T. SINKER, WESTERN "MACHINE WORKSI ESTAFLISHED, 1850. INCORPORATED, 1871. - I cc SINKER, DAV S & Co., II,u'a'r,r' of" li,i,rtl,], an t'ionry STEI AM ENGINES & BOILERS Oi all Sie fromI F~ive to One~!luriidred Hlor'se l'w Olfdifferetnt sizes, Double and Single, witIl tht, Simultaineos Sere,," c, STALEY" or "MEI NElL" Patent lTead- Bloks BELLIS ENGINE GOVERNORS, AdIapted for J'(rtable ain StatioIdry Eniigin. ................ ~ T;E~~A;M, Pi;rU,M;:P~i~ For Feeding: Boilers" Suppllying trie, ines, Oa ) Works, Rlailroail Statio,ns,'ind for any 1,15pp h Sream Pumup is applicale. Stillwell's Limie Extractors, Sheet 11'Oio~ Work, Mill (Gearing', Grate BaC r s Drag Saws Brass Work, Wroutiht Ironi Fittings, Steami 6aug~s, ~'~?ater I(IIges, etc. South Pennsylvania Street, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. I T(iICAG~ ..........~~~ an~ ma~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _- - I~~~~ir~~~~~m~~~~n i~~~~~~ It ~ - -- ~~~~~~~~i#lb ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~ - 0~~~~~Harf TIPI~~~~~~~~~~~~~ rile - e~~~~~~~cwi I-Pa-oUI~e ~~~ Ver~~~~~~or i" I >~FQJ~' ~~\/~IIIT i i .1 I i I I ,'PI!, INDIANAPOLIS. A HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL SKETCH RAILRBOAD CITY, A CHRONICLE OF ts Di)al, unixcipal, ainmetrial and nufactuing Pogrtsst WITH FULL STATISTICAL TABLES. BY W. R. HOLLOWAY. _: INDIANAPOLIS: INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL PRINT. 1870. OF THIE i N.\ Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1870, by W. R. HOLLOWAY, In the Clerk's office of the District Court of the United States for the District of Indiana PPEFACE. THE object of this work is to relate the rise and progress of the business of the city of Indianapolis, and give an accurate and fuill exhibit of its present conditionTo that end no labor or expense has been spared to collect all the facts that might contribute to the formation of correct opinions on the subject by the public. Every branch of trade has been thoroughly canvassed by competent examiners, and the results systematized and tabulated, so as to give, as nearly as possible, a full view of each at a single glance. A sketch of the history of the city precedes these more particular statements, as a fitting introduction, necessary to a fair understanding of their significance. It is not intended to be a detailed account of all the incidents, events, movements and efforts of the citizens during the time of the growth from a village full of trees to a city fall of the bustle of business; but to be a history of all that relates to her Irogress and prosperity. It is intended rather to generalize facts, and relate results, without, however, excluding any interesting event or incident, whether directly connected with the history of business affairs or not. Whether that object has been attained, it will be for the public to judge. Free use has been made, in this portion of the work, of the excellent history of the city by Ignatius Brown, Esq., in the Directory for 1868. It is as full a collection of all the facts as can possibly be made; but such a collection is unsuited to the purpose of such a work as this, and besides would swell its bulk beyond all reasonable limits. The present work is directed rather to use than to repeat his facts, and he is entitled to a full recognition of his efforts in this attempt to apply them to a wider purpose than a Directory. As no similar effort to exhibit the condition and prosperity of the city has ever been made, it is hoped that this will command the interest and patro)nage of the public. I I\ TD IE X. PAGE. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES......................................................49, 56, 94, 96, 109, 112, 275 to 278 AMUSEMENTS (See Drama,) AMES, BISHOP E. R..................................................................................................................91 ART AND ARTISTS.....................................................32,107 ACCIDENTS........................................................................................................................95, 120 ARSENALS........................................................................................................................119, 257 BIBLE SOCIETY........................................................................................................................30 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETIES............................50, 77, 85, 91, 126, 184 to 201 BEECHER, HENRY WARD..............................................50, 67, 73 BIGGER, GOVERNOR SAMUEL................................................................................................73 BUILDING IMPROVEMENTS..............................................................................36, 109, 116, 125 BANKS................................................... 63, 103, 107, 298 to 306 BROWN, WILLIAM J.......................................................90 BLAKE, JAMES....................................................................................................................31, 41 BLACKFORD ISAAC.................................................................................................................41 BAKER, GOV. CONRAD.............................................................................................................. BOARD OF PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS...............................................................................128 COURTS...............................................................................................................19, 91, 262 to 266 COURT HOUSE............................................................................................................. 14, 131, 259 COUNTY ORGANIZATION-INAUGURATION OF...................................................................14 CAPITAL-ORDER FOR THE REMOVAL OF...........................................................................25 CAPITAL-REMOVAL TO INDIANAPOLIS..............................................................................28 CENTRAL CANAL.....................................................................................................................67 CLAY, HENRY, VISIT OF....................................................73 CASS, GENERAL LEWIS, VISIT OF.......................................................................................79 CHURCHES: Protestart Episcopat Christ's Church........................................................................................................60, 202 St. Paul's.......................................................................................................................204 Grace Church...........................................................205 Church of the Holy Innocents.......................................................................................205 Episcopal Mission..........................................................................................................206 Presbyterian First Church..........................................................................................................96, 207 Second Church..........................................................208 Third Church............................................................................................................96, 210 Fourth Church.........................................................................................................100, 211 Fifth Church.................................................................................................................212 Olivet Church...........................................................212 Seventh Church..............................................................................................................212 'M"iasio~nsa............................14 to 216 ,Baptist First Church.................................................................................................................216 South Street...................................................................................................................218 Garden Mission..............................................................................................................219 North Baptist Mission.....................................................................................................219 Second Baptist, colored..................................................................................................219 AlaA A,A~.........~...........l............ eeeee......!l............................................~..........~.............-.A... CHURCHES-Continued. Congregational- PAGE Plymouth................................................................220 Mayflower....................................................................................................................221 Christian-Christian Chappel...............................................................................................222 Second Chrstian Church (colored)................................................................................... 222 Third Christian Church..................................................................................................223 Fourth Christian Church...............................................................................................223 Salem Chapel..................................................................................................................223 Olive Mission..................................................................................................................224 German Reformed-First German Reformed...........................................................................224 Second German Reformed...............................................................................................225 Society of Friends..................................................................................................................225 Methodist Episcopal Meridian M. E Church...................................................................................................226 Robert's Park M. E Church...........................................................................................228 St. John's M. E. Church.....................................................230 Asbury M. E. Church.....................................................................................................231 Tlinity M. E. Church......................................................................................................232 Ames M. E. Church........................................................................................................233 Grace M E. Church........................................................................................................235 Third Street M. E. Church.............................................................................................236 German M. E. Church....................................................................................................236 Massachusetts Avenue M. E. Church..............................................................................237 Allen Chapel M. E. Church, (colored.)..............................................................................238 Bethel Ch,pel M. E. Church, (colored.)...........................................................................238 Roman Catholic St. John's, St. Mary's, St. Peters, The Cathedral...........................................128, 239 to 241 Hebrew Church..............................................................................................................110, 242 Lutheran First English Lutheran Church.................................................................................60, 243 St. Paul's German Evangelical Lutheran........................................................................244 Zion's Church................................................................................................................245 German Evangelical Association...................................................245 Universalists-First and Secoud Churches..............................................................................246 United Brethren in Christ.....................................................96, 247 First Unitarian.......................................................................................................................247 Recapitulation.........................................................................................................248 Undenominational Religious Societies Y. M. C. A................................................................................................................102, 249 Women's Christian Association...............................................251 Y. M. C. A. (German.)...................................................................................................21 Indianapolis Female Bible Society..................................................................................251 CEMETERIES Crown Hill.............................................................................................................125, 259 City Cemetery...........................................................................................................79, 261 Hebrew Cemetery...........................................................................................................262 Catholic Cemetery.........................................................................................................262 Lutheran Cemetery........................................................................................................262 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.....................................................................................................90 CRITTENDEN, GOVERNOR J. J., VISIT OF............................................................................91 CEHOLERA............................................................................................................................45, 91 CONVENTIONS.........................................................................................62,'101, 105, 106, 111, 121 CITY FINANCES...............................................................................................................124, 138 DRAMA, MUSIC AND AUSEMENTS...23, 78, 79, 87, 96, 98,101, 102, 105, 107, 109, 110, 129,145 to 153 DRAKE, JAMES P.....................................................................................................................81 DRY GOODS........................................................................................................................89, 108 DOUGLAS, HON. STEPHEN A., VISIT OF........................................................................113, 117 EARLY CONDITION OF THE TOWN...............................................................15 EARLY POPULATION.................................................................................17 EARLY RELIGIOUS SENTIMENT...................................................................24 EARLY IMPROVEMENTS.........................................................................363686 INDEX. iv INDEX. EDUCATIONAL- PAGE. County Seminary................................................................................................................35 Indiana Female Institute................................................................................................60, 180 Schools and Schoolmasters...............................................................................................61, 88 Public Schools.........................................................................................87, 108, 109, 163 to 178 Indiana Female College.........................................................................................................91 McLean Female Seminary.....................................................................................................98 Northwestern Christian University.....................................................................9...........8, 179 Indianapolis Female Institute.......................................................................................... 116 Roman Catholic Schools.................................................. 182 Parochial Schools.................................................................................................................182 German-English Schools..................................................................................................... 182 Business Colleges.................................................................................................................183 EXPRESS COMPANIES...........................................................................................96, 273 to 275 FIRST ELECTION.................................................................................................................... 19 FIRST BRICK BUILDING........................................................................................................21 FIRST METHODIST CHURCH................................................................................................30 FIRST STEAM MILL............................................................................................................... 33 FIRST STEAMBOAT, ARRIVAL OF........................................................................................39 FIRST FOUNDRY.....................................................................................................................44 FIRST MURDER.......................................................................................................................45 FIRST BREWERY.........................................................48 FIRES.........................................................................................................................97, 101, 129 FIRE DEPARTMENT.......................................................................................32, 49, 66,110,139 FOURTH-OF-JULY CELEBRATIONS..............................................................20, 80, 105, 108, 111 FRESHETS (See Meteorological). FREE-THINKERS, ASSOCIATION OF....................................................................................279 FENIAN BROTHERHOOD.......................................................................................................280 GOVERNOR'S CIRCLE.........................................................................................................13, 34 GOVERNOR'S RESIDENCE.....................................................................................................64 GAS COMPANY....................................... 93 GYMNASEUMP............................................................111..................... GYMNASEUM..........................................................................................................;................1 GLASS WORKS........................................................................................................................130 HARRISON, GENERAL W. H., VISIT OF...............................................................................45 HAVENS, REV. JAMES............................................................................................................53 HISTORICAL SOCIETY............................................................................................................41 HOTELS...........................................................................................................................32, 70, 97 HOSPITAL................................................................................................................. 104, 129, 193 HOWARD, HON. TILGHMAN A......................................................................................73 HARD TIMES............................................................................................................................73 INDIANS, DEPREDATIONS AND OUTRAGES OF..................................................................26 INDIANS, BLACK HAWK WAR.............................................................................................43 INCORPORATION OF THE TOWN..........................................................................................44 INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.............................................................................49, 51, 56, 67, 90 INSURANCE COMPANIES.......................................................................................56, 294 to 298 JOHNSON, COLONEL RICHARD M., VISIT OF........................................................................73 KOSSUTH, LOUIS, VISIT OF................................................ 97 LEGISLATURE, FIRST MEETING OF......................................................................................30 LIBRARIES, PUBLIC..................................................... 269 LAND OFFICE, REMOVAL OF...............................................................................................30 LITERARY SOCIETIES.............................................................................................................50 LECTURES.............................................................................87, 96, 101, 106, 107, 109, 110, 112, 113 LINCOLN, ABRAHAM, VISIT OF.......................................................................................... 112 MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.................................................................44, 73, 84, 99, 101,110, 132 MANUFACTURERS..................................................................................................83 96, 97, 10 MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS......................................................................................31, 58, 292 MUSICAL SOCIETIES....................................................................................................266 to 269 MASONS. (See Secret Societies.) MACHINISTS. (See Manufactures.) MARKET HOUSES......................................................44, 60 METEOROLOGICAL.................,..45, 63, 83, 91, 96, 106, 108, 110, 113 McCARTY, JONATHAN.....................................................72 v PAGE. MILLERISM........................................................, 75 MEXICAN WAR...............................................................................................................81 to 88 MERCHANT'S EXCHANGE.......................................................................................................90 MEDICAL COLLEGES............................................... 91, 252 to 255 MORTON, HON. O. P.....................................................................................116, 117,120,121,123 MORRIS, GENERAL T. A.................................................... 117 MILITARY CAMPS..................................................................................................................118 MANUFACTURES (EARLY)........................................................................83, 96, 97,130, 308 to 316 MANUFACTURES (PRESENT)............................................ 344 to 367 NATIONAL ROAD....................................................................................................................51 NEWSPAPERS........................................................................18, 81, 90, 91,101,109, 112, 154 to 162 OLD SETTLERS..................................................................................................................11, 100 ODD FELLOWS. (See Secret Societies.) PARKS......................................................................................................................................129 PROGRESS OF THE CITY, GENERAL VIEW OF......................................................................3 PLAN OF THE CITY.................................................................................................................13 POPULATION............................................................................................................17, 31, 37, 84 POLITICAL.........................................................................................48, 70, 100, 105.106, 109.113 POST OFFICE.......................................................................................................17, 107, 115, 29I POLICE....................................................................................................................................128 PORK PACKING..................................................................................................................... 129 PROSPECTS OF THE CITY........................................................................................... 316 to 322 RAY, GOVERNOR JAMES B., ANECDOTE CONCERNING......................................................27 RELIGIOUS. (See Churches.) REAL -ESTATE, EARLY PRICES OF......................................................................................30 RAILROADS, FIRST CHARTERS..............................................................................41 Madison & Indianapolis....................................................................... 69, 81, 88, 324 Bellefontaine..................................................................................................... 97, 326, 336 Indianapolis & Cincinnati..................................................................................97, 328, 336 Jeffersonville & Indianapolis......................................................................................97, 326 Terre Haute & Indianapolis................................................................................97, 328, 338 Pe,u & Indianapolis....................................................................................................97, 330 Lafayette & Indianapolis....................................................................................97, 330, 336 Indiana Central........................................................................................................97, 330 Indianapolis & Vincennes........................................................................................128, 332 Indianapolis Junction.............................................. 128, 332 Indianapolis & St. Louis...............................................................................................334 Indiana & Illinois Central.............................................................................................128 Indianapolis, Bloomington & Western.....................................................................128, 332 Consolidated Tables.............................................. 340, 342 SITUATION OF THE CITY...........................................................................................7 SITE OF THE CAPITOL, SELECTION OF................................................................................9 SUNDAY SCHOOLS AND CELEBRATIONS........................................ 38, 41 STATE HOUSE.....................................................................................................................42, 43 STATE BANK............................................................................................................................46 STREETS AND STREET IMPROVEMENTS.........................................................13, 73, 81, 85, 86 SMALL POX.............................................................................................................................104 SCHOOLS. (See Educational.) SCIENCES, ACADEMY OF.......................................................................................................110 SMITH, HON. CALEB B..........................................................................................................112 SONS OF MALTA......................................................................................................................112 SULGROVE,B.R........................................................... 116 SOLDIER'S HOME.................................................................................................................. 119 STURM, GENERAL HERMAN................................................ 119 SANITARY COMMISSION.................................................... 119 STREET RAILWAYS................................................................................................................126 SEWERAGE............................................................. 130 S:ECRET SOCIETIES-4 Masonic.....................................................87, 281 to 284 Odd Fellows........,,99, 285 to 288 nights of Pythias............................................... 288 to 290 DrKnidhtsf............................................................ 290 r~luids....o, **..*........................................,.,...................,................~......,....,...,......o*,*.**......*. vi INDEX. INDEX. SECRET SOCIETIES-(Continned.) PAGE. Improved Order of Red Men, and Independent Order of Red Men.................................290 Sons of Herman..............................................................................................................290 Harugari........................................................................................................................ 291 Heptasophs....................................................................................................................291 THANKSGIVING PROCLAMATION, FIRST ONE ISSUED.....................................................66 TEMPERANCE.............................................................................................80, 101, 104, 255 to 257 TELEGRAPH COMPANIES.......................................................................................89, 270 to 273 TREASONABLE SOCIETIES............................................... 121 TURNVEREIN, INDIANAPOLIS........................................... 278 TURNVEREIN, SOCIAL.................................................. 279 TRADE..........................................................................................................................368 to 384 UNION RAILWAY AND DEPOT CO....................................................................90, 97, 258, 334 UNIVERSITY SQUARE.............................................................................................................35 UNITED IRISH BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION.....................................................................279 WHITE RIVER..........................................................................................................................40 WHITE, JOSEPH LITTLE................................................. 72 WRIGHT, GOV. JOSEPH A............................................................................................ 91, 94, 96 WICK, W. W............................................................................................................................ 41 WALLACE, GOV. DAVID.............................................................................................66, 89, 100 WATER WORKS........................................................................................................112,130, 281 WAR OF THE REBELLION........................................................................................... 116, 120 WAR EXCITEMENT......................................................................................................115 to 124 WAR APPROPRIATIONS................................................................................ 23124 .........,.........,.....................,,......,.....,...,................,.,.,.......,...........123, eie ILLUSTRATIONS. PAG1E. RAILROAD MAP OF THE STATE.............................................................. FRONTISPIECE, STATE HOUSE.............................................................................. 1 NEW COURT HOUSE..................,... 6 STATE AND SUPREME COURT BUILDING........................................................................ 24 MARION COUNTY POOR A SYL U M....................................................................................... 34 ODD- FELLOWS' H A L L.......................................................................................................... 98 INDIANA REFORMATORY, FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS..................................................... 124 BATES HOUSE........................................................................................................................ 138 JOURNAL BUILDING............................................................................................................ 154 SENTINEL BUILDING.......................................................................................................... 160 SECOND WARD SCHOOL HOUSE........................................................................................162 SIXTH WARD SCHOOL HOUSE.......................................................................................... 172 INDIANA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.......................................................................... 184 INDIANA INSTITUTE FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE BLIND................................... 186 INDIANA HOUSE OF REFUGE............................................................................................ 190 FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH................................................................................ 216 CHRIST C HURCH.................................................................................................................. 202 SAINT PAUJL'S CATHEDRAL................................................................................................ 204 FLRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH......................................................................................... 207 ROMAN CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL....................................................................................... 209 MEDICAL C O L L E G E............................................................................................................. 252 TRADE PALACE.................................................................................... 314 NEW YORK DRY GOODS STORE.................................................................................... 318 NATIONAL SURGICAL INSTITUTE..................................................................................... 340 BOWEN, STEWART & CO...................................................................................................... 352 INTRODUCTION. general Viet a of the Progjress of thle itu. HE Eastern, Southern and Western sections of the State contained many p thriving, though not populous, settlements, while Central Indiana was yet a wilderness. The reason may be briefly stated to be the absence of water and the presence of Indians. Though there was water enough and to spare for ordinary purposes, there was none for navigation, and civilized men hesitate to put themselves beyond the reach of other provisions than they can procure with the rifle. Without access by a constantly navigable stream, a Central settler could never be certain of anything better than unsalted bread and venison; and he coluld not be certain of the bread if he depended on his own cultivation, for the country was still in the hands of the Indians. This is a second reason. A settlement could not be safe; for, though not hostile, the Indians were far from friendly. The Shawnees and Delawares had not forgotten the battle of Tippecanoe or the death of Tecumseh'(who, by the way, was a native-born Hoosier, his birthplace being the Shawnee town near the site of Anderson, Madison county). This region was their favorite lhunltinrgground. It was full of game, and White river and its tributaries swarmed with fish. They disliked to give it up, and they did not till 1821, five years after the State Government had been created. But having agreed, by the treaty of St. Mary's, Ohio, in 1818, to cede it iq 1821, the actual cession was anticipated, and settlers began to come in as early as 1820. A few came in 1819, but two of them, the brothers Jacob and Cyrus Whetzel, came by consent of the chiefs, and settled near the Blufifs of White river. George Pogue, the first who made his home on the site of the city, is generally believed to have come in the same year, but it is questioned. William Conner, the Father of Central Indiana, however, had established himself on White river, some sixteen miles north of the city, as early as 1806, and had made himself a comfortable home, with no neighbor nearer than sixty miles. He had been an Indian trader, was familiar and a favorite with them, and could venture safely where there was danger for everybody else. He and his brother John founded the town of Colnersville, from which point, and its vicinity, came most of our first settlers. Indianapolis is, therefore, a sort of colony of Connersville, and, as will be seen hereafter, had to depend for some time upon the mother settlement for support. In 1820, however, a number of pioneers planted themselves on the site of the city, and from that year may be dated the beginning of its history. BOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLIS. Before entering upon this history, however, it will be well to present a general view of the growth of the city, which may be traced through four stages. First. That from the first settlement in 1820. to the removal of the Capital from Corydon in 1825. This was a period of isolation, and, for a time, of struggle for existence. During this five years, no other village of the State had so much to resist, and so little to assist it. It was far from all navigable streams and all passable roads, and, for the first two years, was without clearing or adequate cultivation, without mills or means of subsistence, except what was brought on horseback through sixty miles of forest. Sickness in the second year, which prostrated nearly everybody, made its isolation more dangerous, and sickness having prevented labor, an unpleasant approach to starvation followed the ague. But the sickly settlement grew a little larger and a little healthier. It built a jail, two or three churches, patronized a few shops, and two or three of the inevitable newspapers, had a few taverns and a Sunday school, and showed evident signs that it meant to live, whether fed by State pap or not. Then, though not free from fears of the scattered Shawnees of Fall Creek, it was deemed ready for the Capital. Second. The period from 1825, when the Capital came, to 1847, when the first railroad came. This may be said to have been a period of Legislative dependence, as the possession of the Capital was the only influence that raised Indianapolis above the position of an ordinary county town. Its central situation was nothing then, or rather it was a drawback. In the first years of this period, the recent acquisition of the Capital gave anl impulse to the increase both of population and the price of town lots, but the stimulus was lost by 1827, and thenceforward growth was steady but slow, dependent on the settlement of the surrounding country, strengthened, as before remarked, by the possession of the Capital. Towards the close, the expectation of railroad communication excited a spirit of enterprise, or at least a feverish feeling of unrest, and with the impulse which the locomotive thus sent ahead of it, began a new era. During this period, business was entirely of a local character. Some little jobbing was done to country dealers, but nothing more, because, with all the enterprise in the world, nothing more was possible. Manufacturing was merely for home consumption. All trade was circumscribed by the limits of local demand. Little was expected to go farther than a farmer could drive his load of corn anid get home the same day. Importations were made in heavy road wagons. Exportations in return buggies and farm wagons. An occasional flatboat, loaded with hay or chickens, went down with the spring freshets to New Orleans, if it didn't break its back on the dam at the Bluffs. An annual drove of horses went South for some years. Hogs were driven to Cincinnati or Madison, or the nearest town on a navigable stream. Woolen mills spun yarn for old women, or made jeans for country wear. Wheat was ground for the owner, or bought only to grind for home use. Corn was distilled or fed to hogs; none was shipped. Iron founding had been tried twice and failed. No business was expected to exceed a few hundred dollars per week. In this condition of things the city would have remained to the end, if the railroad had not reached it. The first stirring of this stagnation was made by the slow but steady approaches of the Madison railroad from Vernon, where it had been lying up helpless since the great crash. Third. The period from 1847 to 1861. This was a period of new life. The railroad, like "one fool," according to the proverb, "made many." The great profits of the Madison road, the obvious benefit to the country, the fully restored financial health prostrated in 1837, with a score of lesser influences, combined to give an im 4 HOLLOWAY'S INDI ANAPOLIS. petus to railroad building, which was the great feature of this new era. The enterprise thus stirred into activity showed itself in all business. Old branches were enlargedl and new ones were established. The foundations of most of those which have at length proved so successful, and contributed so greatly to the growth of the city, were laid then. While business was putting on its men's clothes for manly effort, the city was doing the same. Not a few changes were made from the village character of the past. But this activity was vastly increased during the last period or stage of growth. Fourth. The period from 1861, the breaking out of the war, to the present time. What the war might have done for a town, even as large as Indianapolis, with the muscles of its energy rendered feeble and flabby for want of vigorous exercise, it would be hard to say. It would have brought a vast increase of business, and brought out a vast addition of activity, but it might have taken both away with it, too. Indianapolis, skilled and strong, vigorous and enterprising, from the schooling of the palst fourteen years, was able and prompt to use all its advantages. The concentration of troops here, with the immense demand they created for many kinds of supplies, and the flocking here of business men to meet it; the increase of the business of those already here; and the attendant smaller classes of trade which follow any crowd, maintained through four years, gave a strong impulse to the already rapidly growing prosperity of the city, and created some such feverish feeling of being able to do impossible things, as was so long prevalent in San Francisco, and still is, probably, in Chicago. But the advantages were generally safely held. They fell into strong hands, and when the war passed off, and its impulse was removed from trade, nothing was lost to the city but what was it's gain-the crowds of cormorants that followed the camps. Business was held at high water mark, or near it. In the five years since, what little, if any, was lost, has been regained, and a vast addition has been made. The growth of population and trade in all forms has gone steadily and swiftly on. In manufactures especially has the change been marked and promising. At the same time the improvements of the city have not been less marked. Whole streets of superb business blocks have been erected, and miles of streets paved and lighted. Handsome residences have spread outward further and further, till they crowd up the hunting forests of a few years ago, A system of water works is in process of construction. Business that used to swing back and forth along Washington street as some occasional impulse directed, but never left its fixed groove, has turned out, or filled up and run over, into a score of other streets. All the features of a well-grown city have supervened upon the face of the village that the first railroad entered. How far this development may continue, or how it may terminate, will be considered in another place. 5 FIRST PERIOD —TO 1O25 ihapter t. SITUATION OF THE CITY-NATURAL CONDITION OF THE SITE-THE FIRST SETTLER-BEGIN NING OF THE VILLAG-THE CATERPILLAR DEADENIN(GSELECTION OF THE SITE OF THE . CAPITAL-IMPULSE GIVEN BY IT TO THE SETTLEMENT-FATHERS OF THE CITY-ICK NESS AND STARVATION-SURVEY OF THE CITY AND SALE OF LOTS-BEGINNING OF BUSINESS-FIRST DEATHS AND MARRIAGES-ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. NDIANAPOLIS is situated in the slightly depressed center of a considerable plain on the east bank of White river, in latitude 39~ 55/. This plain, though nowhere level for any considerable distance, is yet broken only by comparatively slight elevations, which increase its attractiveness without swelling to either the grandeur or inconvenience of hills. It lies so high above the river that it is not subject to over flow from the highest freshets, and never has been overflowed. At the time of the selection of the site of the Capital, the ground was covered with a dense growth of oak, ash, sugar, beech, walnut, hickory, and all other ordinary forest trees, and with thickets of underwood, that sheltered as much game probably as was ever found ranging the same space of country. It was traversed by a creek, subsequently called "Pogue's Greek," after the traditional first settler, and by two or three bayous or "ravines," as they were called, which proved a frequent cause of annoyance, and of occasional serious injury. The remains of the largest may yet be seen near Carey's barrel and stave establishment. The underlying stratum, consisting of sand and gravel, through which the surface water was filtered, being rarely more than twentyfive feet below the surface, formed an easily accessible reservoir of pure but "hard'" water, which has until now rendered the city independent of any other supply. But to all these advantages there was a serious drawback, as the first settlers found. The dense forests sheltering the soil from the sun and compelling it to retain its moisture, the broad and swampy "bottoms," the marshes, and the frequent freshets, made it the. very home of the "chills and fever," and for many a year their visit was antici-. pated with the unpleasant confidence of a debtor in a persevering dun. But the soil was excellent, and the promise of a "good time" sometime undoubted, and the pioneers of that day, as of all days, did not count the chances of chills against the cer-. tainty of crops and future competence. So, into this land of remote promise, somewhere about the first of March, 18197 tradition says, came George Pogue, a blacksmith, from the White Water region, and, built a cabin near the present eastern end of Michigan street. Tradition is confirmedlby better evidence, but unfortunately contradicted by other evidence equally good. Probably no question of individual credit and municipal history was ever so obscured, by excess of light, as that of the origin of Indianapolis. And the obscuration began almost as soon as the town was begun. George Pogue had been dead only about a.! year, and the town was only two years old, when one of the second influx of settlers, Dr. S. G. Mitchell, published a letter in the Indianapolis Gazette, contesting Fogue's claim to the honor of being the first settler, and giving it to John and James McCormick. Cyrus Whetzel, who settled at the Bluffs at about the same time that Pogue is said to have reached this place, concurs with Dr. Mitchell. Mrs. King, the widow of one of the McCormick brothers, now living, in good health, and with apparently unimpaired powers of memory, concurs with Dr. Mitchell and Mr. Whetzel. Her evidence would seem to be conclusive, for she not only had the opportunity to know, but the weariness of a solitary life in the woods to impress ineffaceably the memory, that she and her family were alone in this section of the State. She claims that George Pogue, with her husband and husband's brother, and some others, first came here about the time of Pogue's traditional arrival, and built cabins preparatory to the removal of their families, which was effected, in her case, in January or February following, 1820, and that no other family was known here till her husband's brother brought his, about a month later. Pogue would appear from this statement to have been only one of a company to "prospect" here, and the danger of traveling alone at that time, in a country held by unfriendly Indians, is a circumstance that would corroborate it. Up to this point Mrs. King's account of the settlement of the city may reconcile conflicting claims, but no farther. If she is right, Pogue, though he may have prepared to move out, did not settle till some time in 1820. The evidence for the McCormicks sums up with a force hard to resist. Dr. Mitchell's claim, within a year of Pogue's death, was not contested by anybody. The recollections of two living persons, one likely, and one certain, to know the truth, confirms the uncontested claim. On the other hand, the evidence for Pogue, if not strong enough to convince, is strong enough to perplex, us. In 1822, people were not so apt to rush into the papers upon any provocation, or none, as they are now, and Dr. Mitchell's letter may have been, probably was, undisputed, because nobody cared enough to remember whose pig pen was built first, or cared enough to write about it, and not because the opinion of the village concurred with him. The tradition which has always made Pogue the first settler, has never been weakened by accompanying doubts, or suggestions to include anybody else. And an unimpeached tradition of fifty years of age, is no slight proof of the truth of the matter it relates to. If Dr. Mitchell's belief had been that of his fellow-townsmen in 1822, we of this generation would never have heard of George Pogue as the first settler. That the tradition, or general belief, has outlived so early and public an attack is a fact that will weigh as heavily in a just estimate as any personal recollection. A mistake, if uncontested, might grow into tradition, but a mistake caught when it is a year old and shown to everybody's eyes could get no credit afterwards. John Pogue, son of George, who was a well grown lad, if not of full age in 1819, and well able to recollect, has stated repeatedly and unqualifiedly that his father came here on-the second of March, 1819, nearly one year before the MeCormicks came. The contest of his father's claim would be likely to stamp the event and date more indelibly upon his memory, and make his evidence, by that much, more important. One of the McCormick children of that date, adds his recollection of the current belief that Pogue was the first settler. There is about an equal weight of evidence, both of inference and memory, on each side, and there is no reason why there should be when there are so many persons living who can add decisive facts. But if Pogue was not the first settler he certainly was the first martyr, if we may allow that name to one who ventures and dies in the cause of civilization. Sometime in April, 1821, early in the morning, he heard a disturbance among his horses, and believing that the Indians, a party of whom was encamped near by, were stealing 8 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLRS. SELECTION OF SITE FOR THE CAPITAL. them, he took his rifle and set out to see. He was last seen near their camp, where gunshots were afterwards heard, and he was never seen again. But his clothes and horses were soon after found in the hands of the Indians, so that there is no doubt of his murder by this squad of Shawnees. His name was given to the creek which was then a horror, and has ever since been a nuisance, to the citizens. So cruel an outrage of course excited the little settlement intensely, but it was too little to help itself. If Pogue really arrived in March, 1819, he lived for nearly a year alone, with no neighbor except the Whetzels, on the south, at the Bluffs, and William'Conner, on the north, sixteen miles away. But on the twenty-seventh of February, 1820, he was joined by James and John McCormick, who built themselves a house on the river near the present position of the National Road bridge. Within a few days they were followed by John Maxwell and John Cowan, who built upon Fall Creek, near the crossing of the Crawfordsville road. By the first of June, these first five had been joined by Henry and Samuel Davis, Corbaly, Van Blaricum, Barnhill, Harding and Isaac Wilson (who was the first to build on the town plat, near the northwest corner of the State House Square,) with others, making, it is supposed, about fifteen families who had settled upon what was afterwards the " donation." As the year passed on still others came, but the first comers had not been idle. They had to live through the winter and set about their preparations with the characteristic energy of pioneers. In this duty they were providentially relieved of the hardest of their labor. A tract of near two hundred acres, west of the present Blind Asylum grounds, had been "deadened" for them by the locusts and caterpillars. They had nothing to do but clear off the underbrush. This was done, tile brush used to fence in lots for cultivation, and the ground broken up and planted in corn and vegetables for the winter. Game was plenty and provisions were thus made secure for all ordinary necessities. Little more than this is known of the history of the first year of the life of the founders of the capital. But the history does not close with this fact, however appropriate a place it might be to stop. A most important event for the little colony occurred in June. This was the selection of a site for the permanent capital of the State. The "enabling" act of Congress, April 19, 1816, donated four sections of unsold land for a permanent capital. On the eleventh of January, 1820, the Legislature appointed the following commissioners to make the selection: George Hunt, John Conner, John Gilliland, Stephen Ludlow, Joseph Bartholomew, John Tipton, Jesse B. Durham, Frederick Rapp, William Prince and Thomas Emerson. They were to meet at the house of William Conner (above alluded to,) in the spring, and make their choice. But five of them accepted their appointment, or acted upon it. These five traversed White River Valley, mnaking examinations as they advanced, and very naturally reached conflicting conclusions. But three points were prominent above all others; this, (called the Fall Creek location,) Conner's and the Bluffs of White River. The discussion upon meeting at Conner's was warm, if not worse, but the mouth of Fall Creek won the day against the Bluffs by three votes to two. Who the lucky or sagacious three were it is now impossible to say or they should have a conspicuous place in the celebration of the city's birth-day. The government surveys had been completed in this portion of the State, and the Commissioners were thus enabled to designate their choice in the mysterious but sensible gibberish of the survey office. They reported on the seventh of June, that they had selected sections one, two, twelve and eleven; and, section two being a fraction, enough of west fractional section three had been added to make up the grant. Thus the capital came to the mouth of Fall 9 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. Creek or near it. It was a narrow miss, but as it was a miss we can hardly speculate more profitably on the possible results of one more vote going for the Bluffs, than did the young lady upon the problem "where she would have been if her father had not married her mother?" The SECOND YEAR of the town's existence began with the act to lay it off and name it. On the sixth of January, 1821, the Legislature confirmed the choice made by the Commissioners, and called the new-born city INDIANAPOLIS. The etymology of this name is evident'enough and its propriety is indisputable, but it is not generlly known to whom the city is indebted for it. In the Legislative Committee which prepared the bill of confirmation the point was settled, and Judge Jeremiah Sullivan, of Jefferson county, formerly of the State Supreme Court, suggested thename. In a letter replying to the inquiries of Governor Baker (kindly made at the suggestion of the author,) Judge Sullivan gives the following interesting account of the christening of the capital: "I have a very distinct recollection of the great diversity of opinion that prevailed as to the name by which the new town should receive Legislative baptism, The bill (if I remember aright) was reported by Judge Polk, and was in the main, very acceptable. A blank, of course, was left for the name of the town that was to become the seat of government, and during the two or three days we spent in endeavoring to fill the blank there was in the debate some sharpness and much amusement. "General Marston G. Clark, of Washington county, proposed'Tecumseh' as the name, and very earnestly insisted upon its adoption. When it failed he suggested other Indian names, which I have forgotton. They all were rejected. A member proposed'Suwarrow,' which met with no favor. Other names were proposed, dis cussed, laughed at, and voted down, and the house without coming to any agreement, adjourned until the next day. There were many amusing things said, but my remem brance of them is not sufficiently distinct to state them with accuracy. "I had gone to Corydon with the intention of proposing Indianapolis as the name of the town, and on the evening of the adjournment above mentioned, or the next morning, I suggested to Mr. Samuel Merrill, the representative from Switzerland county, the name I proposed. He at once adopted it and said he would support it. We, together, called on Governor Jennings, who had been a witness of the amusing proceedings of the day previous, and told him what conclusion we had come to, and asked him what he thought of the name. He gave us to understand that he favored it, and that he would not hesitate to so express himself. When the House met and went into convention on the bill, I moved to fill the blank with Indianapolis. The name created quite a laugh. Mr. Merrill, however, seconded the motion. We discussed the matter fully; gave our reasons in support of the proposition; the members conversed with each other informally in regard to it, and the name gradually commended itself to the committee, and was accepted. The principal reason given in favor of adopting the name proposed, to wit: that the Greek termination would indicate to all the world the locality of the town, was, I am sure, the reason that overcame the opposition to the name. The town was finally named Indianapolis, with but little, if any, opposition." Indiana-polis,-the city of Indiana,-is a good name, and likely to be known as that of the largest inland city in the Union. Christopher Harrison, James Jones and Samuel P. Booker, were, by the same act, appointed Commissioners to "lay off" the town, and directed to meet here on the first Monday of April, appoint two surveyor and a clerk, make a survey and two maps, and 10 INFLUX OF "OLD SETTLERS." advertise and sell the alternate lots as soon as practicable, the proceeds of the sales to constitute a building fund. The effect of this selection, and its confirmation, was to add largely to the slender population of the metropolis, and to bring in not a few of those who still live honored among us or have left honored names and representatives behind them. Before the lot sales took place, or soon after, there came Morris Morris, Dr. S. G. Mitchell, John Given, James Given, James M. Ray, Matthias R. Nowland, Nathaniel Cox, John Hawkins, Dr. L. Dunlap, David Wood, Daniel Yandes, Alexander Ralston, Dr. Isaac Coe, Douglas Maguire, Obed Foote, Calvin Fletcher, James Blake, Alexander W. Russell, Caleb Scudder, Nicholas McCarty, George Smith, Nathaniel Bolton, Wilkes Reagan, James Paxton, Samuel Henderson, and others less known. They came in nearly equal proportions from the south and east, or "Kentucky and Whitewater," as the divisions were then called. A population of some hundreds had been gathered by the fall, and the village might be said to have fairly entered upon its career. The history of that first year, with a name, is a history of many annoyances, much suffering and much manly and noble exertion. A very wet summer aided the natural miasm of the region to produce such a general distribution of the chills and fever that but three persons out of the whole population escaped. Though severe, the visitation was rarely fatal to the settlers, though it came near proving so to the settlementFor rumor flew abroad with the news and dropped perilous exaggerations everewhere. But the city outlived them as the citizens outlived their cause. An unfortunate result of the general prostration was that nobody had been able to keep up the cultivation of the "caterpillar deadening," and when the bright days of October brought returning health it brought also starvation. There was no mill and nothing to grind if there had been one. Game alone was poor eating. Flour or meal could only be had by packing it on horses from the Whitewater, sixty miles off, through a pathless wilderness. But the courage of the settlers rallied to the work, and a system of horse transportation was established which furnished a meagre supply, eked out by the pur. chase of corn trom the Indians up the river, which was brought down in boats. The "social events "of the year were the birth of a child to Mr. Harding, who was given the name of Mordecai, and he "still lives," hearty and vigorous. This is claimed by some to be the first birth in Indianapolis; others claim the honor for a son of Mr. Corbaly. The other, even more interesting event, was the marriage of Jeremiah Johnson, to Miss Jane Reagan, the first marriage in Indianapolis. And it would be memorable if it were the last in last week's list in the daily papers. For the gallant Jerry, with a devotion unknown in these degenerate days, walked to Connersville, sixty miles, for his marriage license, for Indianapolis was under the jurisdiction of the mother settlement as yet. And then he had to wait some weeks for a preacher to perform the ceremony. The first sermon was preached by Rev. John McClung, a "New Light," in what was afterwards the circle grove. Business received a start during the year by the establishment of a store on the south bank of Pogue's Creek, in March, 1821, by Daniel Shaffer, who died in June following. John and James Given and John T. Osborn followed in the same line, near the river, and later Luke Walpole, Mr. Wilmot and Jeremiah Johnson, began business. James Linton built a saw mill on Fall Creek just above the Crawfordsville road, some of the timbers are still standing-and a grist mill for Isaac Wilson, on the same stream near where the old "Patterson Mill" was. It had no "bolt" however, and its flour had to be sifted-a very common necessity in those days, in the backwoods. James Blake put up the first frame and plastered house, just east of where the Masonic Hall now stands. Carter, Hopkins and Nowland, all had set up 11 HOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLIS. taverns, and Joseph C. Read opened a school. The first market was held in the circle. And thus the metropolis started in business. One very serious annoyance to which the citizens were subjected was the maintenance of the jurisdiction of Connersville over them as a part of Delaware County, which embraced all the centre and north of the State, and was attached for judicial purposes to the White Water jurisdiction. Every case had to be tried on the White Water, and the expenses of attendance would eat up any ordinary demand. Probably the effect was beneficial in repressing litigation. But it was more serious in criminal cases, for prisoners could not well be taken sixty miles through the woods for trial without allowing them many chances of escape. To obviate these difficulties the Legislature, in January, 1821, authorized the appointment of two justices of the peace for the New Purchase, with an appeal to the Bartholomew Court. Under this authority Governor Jennings appointed John Maxwell, but after a few month's service he resigned, and James McIlvain was elected by the people and commissioned by the Governor. Calvin Fletcher, who arrived in the fall of 1821, was the only lawyer, luckily, or conflict might have made litigation. As it was Mr. Fletcher was virtually the squire, and a wise one. Having no jail the citizens had no better policy to pursue towards dangerous or troublesome offenders than to scare them off, and this they practiced with good effect. An amusing incident is related by Mr. Brown in illustration. Four Kentucky boatnmen came from the Bluffs to Indianapolis for a Christmas frolic. They soon got drunk enough to be riotous, and began tearing down a little shanty of a goggery kept by Daniel Larkins. The interference of the citizens was repelled with violent threats which drove them off. But the grocery was a vital institution, and the laws must not be outraged, so after consultation it was determined to take the rioters at all hazards. James Blake, who seems to have been a leader in all enterprises of "pith and moment," proposed to take the biggest and boldest himself if his associates would take the other three. It was agreed to and the capture effected. The prisoners were taken before Squire MfcIlvain,. who fined them heavily, and in default of payment ordered them to the Connersville jail. The idea of being taken sixty miles, in the dead of winter through, an unbroken wilderness, was too much for their courage, and they made their escape in the night, the guard understanding that that was exactly what was wanted. Running along with this current of social events and progress in 1821, was the laying out and formal founding of the capital. The Commissioners appointed by the Legislature to survey the donation, make a plat of the proposed city, and sell the alternate lots, did not meet on the first Monday of April as ordered. Only Judge Christopher Harrison ttended. But he proceeded at once to execute the order. He appointed Elias P. Fordham and Alexander Ralston, surveyors, and Benjamin I. Blythe, clerk. Mr. Blythe, who became a resident of the place and was afterwards agent for the sale of lots, was well known to all old residents. Raiston was a resident also, and seems to have been the active and controllinmg man in the survey. IHe had, when young, assisted in the survey of Washington city, and to the ideas obtained in that work we are probably indebted for the plan of the city, and especially its wide and regular streets. He was a Scotchman, a bachelor, and had been concerned in Burr's expedition, the failure of which left him in the West, where he chose to remain. He died in 1827, and was buried in the "old grave yard," though nobody now knows where. The "donation" of four sections was surveyed, a fraction on the west side of the river being added to fiil out One of the sections from which a corner was cut off by 12 PLAN OF THE TOWN. the eastward bend of the river. In the centre of this tract a plat of one mile square was made for the capital. It may be remarked here, however, that the donation is not exactly in the centre of the State, nor is the old plat of the city exactly in the centre of the donation. The latter is a mile or two northwest of the centre of the State. The location of the city in the donation was determined mainly by the position of Pogue's Creek. To have put the city in the centre of the donation would have taken the creek too nearly through the middle of it, and the valley of that stream was a very uninviting locality in those days. To avoid it the plat was located further north and the centre placed at the circle. A beautiful little knoll further recommended this point. On this central knoll a circle of about four acres was laid off as the starting point, and a street eighty feet wide thrown round it. From the extreme corners of the four adjacent squares, avenues were sent out to the northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest. The first street south was made one hundred and twenty feet wide, and called "Washington" then, and is so called now, but for many years it was called " Main" street. The remainder of the square mile was laid off in regular squares of four hundred and twenty feet, separated by ninety feet streets following the cardinal points of the compass, and divided by alleys of thirty and fifteen feet, crossing each other at right angles in the centre. The boundary streets, East, West, North and South, were not included in the original survey. The Commissioner seems to have thought that nobody would ever live on the outside of the last line of squares and made no provision to reach any but the inside. These streets owe their existence to James Blake, who represented their importance to Commissioner Harrison, and he subsequently added them to the plat. The "out-blocks," or divisions of the donation outside the original plat, were made some time afterwards. Nobody dreamed that the young town could grow all over the old plat, the "out-lots," and a great deal ofthe country outside of both, as it has. The surveys having been completed and mapped as required by law, the sale of alternate lots was advertised to be held on the tenth of October, by General John Carr, State Agent. At the appointed time it was held in a cabin occupied as a tavern by Matthias Nowland, a little west of the present line of the canal, on Washington street. Although the main settlement was on the river, as new settlements always are, the sickness that had hardly yet passed away convinced the people that they must move farther off, and river lots did not sell well. The sales lasted several days and three hundred and fourteen lots were sold for $35,596 25, of which one-fifth, $7,119 25 was paid down, the remainder to be paid in four equal annual instalments. The lot on the northwest corner of Delaware and Washington streets brought the highest price, $560, and one west of the State House square sold for the next highest price, $500. Prices generally ranged between $100 and $300. The progress made in the disposal of the town site and the adjacent out-lots of the donation, gave but a feeble promise of the future growth of the town. After the first sales, lots, as the market phrase has it, were "dull and inactive." Of the three hundred and fourteen sold one hundred and sixty-nine were forfeited or exchanged for others. The reserved lots-only alternate lots were first sold-and those that had been forfeited, were offered for sale repeatedly, but unavailingly. Money was scarce, of course, as it always is, and the reputation of the town for health was bad. The capital, though assigned to the town, might be kept away for years, as it was. The outlook was unpromising. The growth was slow, so slow that as late as 1831, threefourths of the town site and donation remained unsold. In that year the Legislature, by putting a minimum price of $10 upon the lots, managed to get rid of most ofthem, 13 HOLLOWA rS INDIANAPOLIS. and when the sales were closed in 1842, it was found that the whole of Indianapolis had brought but $125,000. Out of this fund, the State House, Court House, the Governor's House, in the circle, the Clerk's office, and Treasurer's house and office were paid for. The agency for the sale of city lots was held successively by General Carr, James Milroy, Bethuel F. Morris, Benjamin I. Blythe, Ebenezer Sharpe, John G. Brown, Thomas H. Sharpe and John Cook. It was then transferred to the State Auditor. The city as thus sold out was a forest, except where a clearing here and there had opened the ground to the light. To get the streets cleared it was proposed to give the timber to anybody who would cut it. A man by the name of Lismund Basye took the contract for Washington street, expecting to make a "good thing" of such a superb lot of timber trees, and then began to calculate. There were no mills and his trees were of no use without them, so he rolled his splendid logs together and burned them as well as his " fingers." The year was closed by the inauguration of a county organization. The sales made by Judge Harrison were confirmed by the Legislature, and on the last day of the year 1821, an act was passed organizing Marion county, and attaching to it for judicial purposes the territory now constituting the counties of Johnson, Hamilton, Boone, Madison and Hancock. The present Court House Square was dedicated to judicial uses, and $8,000 appropriated to build a two story brick Court House, fifty feet square, to be completed in three years, and used by the State, Federal and County Courts, and by the Legislature for fifty years, or until a State House should be built. Two per cent of the lot fund was set apart for a County Library. William W. Wick was elected the first Judge of the Circuit Court, and Hervey Bates appointed the first sheriff. Both came out early in the following year, 1822. 14 Chapter If. CONDITION OF THE TOWN-HE WANT OF ROADS CHARACTER OF THE POPULATION-THE PRIVATE POSTOFFICE-THE FIRST PAPER-THE FIRST ELECTIONS-THE FIRST COURT, COURT-HOUSE AND JAIL-PROGRESS OF THE TOWN. HE beginning of the year 1822, is a convenient point from which to glance at the situation and prospects of the city. The capital had been located, the town named, its plan completed, enough of its lots sold and population collected to warrant it against dying of inanition, and the political existence of the county had just been recognized and a place within the law given it. It was ready for emigration and emigrants were ready for elections, though no representation in the Legislature had been allowed. The town was a fact, but an almost imperceptible one in the dense and limitless woods into which it had crawled. It made little more change in the face of the region than the boring of a few grubs makes in a white oak log. Scattered cabins seemed to have dropped down with no order or purpose, thickening a little near the river, and thickening still more toward the East, but they marked no street except the line of Washington, which still bore dismal testimony to the fate of Basye's speculation in timber. It was crowded with stumps and heaps of logs and limbs, which, in places, the close undergrowth of hazel, spice brush and pawpaw made impervious to all penetration. To travel along it was impossible; to crossit, except by long and devious ways, very difficult; to see across it a feat of little easier performance than looking through a stone wall. Mr. Brown notices that a spectator standing in the door of Hawkins's tavern (old Capital House site) could not see a house where Hubbard's block is on the corner of Washington and Meridian streets. No other street was visible at all, or only by patches of ineffectual clearing. Neighbors went from house to house through paths as hard to follow as a cow track in White River bottom. One could walk right over the places where are now depots, churches and four story houses, but he had to bend out of the way an intrusive root, or an inconvenient log. It is hardly a score of years since the last vestiges of this troublesome thicket disappeared, and on Pogue's Creek, near West street, there are still some honey locusts surviving the destruction. The means of communication between the town and other portions of the State were ino better than those between neighbors in the town. There were no roads. The river was useless except for such trading as necessity might create with the Indians; and the Cumberland, or National, Road, though on its way westward, came slowly and was by no means certain of being able to come beyond the Ohio State line at all. For the government was building it by contract with Ohio, with money reserved from the proceeds of public land sales in that State, and when the contract should be finished at the western boundary, there was no power to go further, except by such a construction of the Constitution as would, and did, arouse one of the warmest and most protracted political controversies in our national history, and ended by dropping the tail of the road in the mud a little west of Big Eagle Creek. The HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. State Legislature petitioned Congress for a continuance of the road through the newly chosen capital, within two days after the choice had been confirmed, but no attention was given the request. It was not till about Christmas, 1828, when Hon. Oliver H. Smith, then a representative in Congress from the White Water district of this State, by a resolution directing a continuance of the road westward beyond the limit of the contract with Ohio, woke up the sleeping lion of party conflict, that attention was effectively called to the matter. Even then, but for Hon. William McLean, of Ohio, the road would have left Indianapolis a tier of counties to the north, for Mr. Smith's resolution directed the "existing location to be followed "and that was tending southward. Mr. McLean changed the direction "from Zanesville, through Columbus," and sent it to this place. But this really great (for that day) work came too late to relieve the necessities of the mud and wood bound town. We got but little good of it till 1838, and by that time, though it was the only good road we had, railroads were acquiring too firm a grasp of public feeling and hope to allow its indisputable value to encourage the improvement of other roads. Its direct advantage beyond macadamizing Washington street, was not at all equal to the anticipations of the citizens. It became a thoroughfare for emigration to the Mississippi and beyond, but it left here little of the deposit that was borne along by its current. It did a vast deal for the West but not much for Indianapolis. . There were other roads, or rather places for them, laid out to the Ohio and Whitewater rivers by the Legislature, in the winter of 1821-2, and one hundred thousand dollars appropriated to build them, and still others were asked for by a petition of the citizens in the fall of 1822, but all were little better than none till long after the town had ceased to be dependent upon them. The "Michigan State Road" from the Ohio river to the new capital through Greensburg, was one of these, and at the lower end it was made a very good road, but the upper end was mud or "cross way," impassable in winter and intolerable in summer. The Madison road through Franklin and Columbus was even worse. So were all the Northern lines to Pendleton, Noblesville and Crawfordsville. And so they remained till neighborhood thrift and convenience gravelled or planked them into passability. It needs no very long memory to recall the merchant's journey to Cincinnati, consuming double the time and ten fold the comfort of a trip now to New York; or the voyages of goods wagons quite equal to an Atlantic voyage now; in the days when the Stucks, Lemasters, Perrys and their associates ruled transportation with the wagon whip as absolutely as Vanderbilt or Fisk can do with their tariffs; and those who can recall those days and scenes can easily understand what the isolation of Indianapolis was when it had no roads at all. Attempts to improve the river were made at intervals for years, but never accomplished anything but a demonstration that nothing could be done at all except upon a scale unlikely to be attempted. The town was hidden and out of reach. We who see it the greatest railroad centre on the earth, accessible from more directions and to greater numbers than any other city that ever existed, find it hard to understand the motives that could have impelled the settlers of this period to try to get to it. Immediate profit they could not count upon, for there were no mines or promises of unusual development. Whatevey they got they knew they would have to get by hard work or shrewd management, as they could anywhere else. Real estate promised a poor speculation, even in an embryo capital to which access was difficult always and almost impossible for half the year, and where sickness and starvation were visitors of most unpleasant fre quency. There was not much to look to as remuneration for a great deal that must 16 POPULATION, AND FIRST POST OFFICE. be endured. Whether it was a higher motive than personal advantage, or merely an irrepressible feeling of unrest, that sent our first settlers here, it is certain that if the upbuilding of the town had depended upon similar efforts of their descendants and successors it would have remained unbuilt. It is not necessary to look for greater virtues among pioneers than among their children to account for their contented endurance ofprivations, or ready daring of danger; but more striking virtues we certainly shall find. Doubtless we of this day have qualities better suited to our times, and an average of endowments and deficiencies of one generation would probably differ bult little from that of the other, but those of the pioneers, whatever they were, were not ours. That is certain. No other town in the State has had to encounter so many and so serious obstacles to improvement. Those which once rivalled it had infinite advantages, either in navigable streams or easy access to other, settlements. Indian!apolis had nothing, and lay among hostile Indians where scalps were little safer than they are now on the slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Isolation, sickness and endless. forests were serious drawbacks to a town that offered no better inducements than could be found in every township of the State. There is no just parallel between it and the cities of the far West that have sprouted out of the gold traffic. Great risks for great gains are frequent enough anywhere, and nowhere more frequent than at the faro table. There were no such chances and no such efforts here, yet no gold town can show a history of greater difficulties surmounted by more indomitable resolution. The population at the beginning of 1822, numbering not far from five hundred, was quite as well provided with mechanical and professional skill as any young town could be, and there was very little, if any, admixture of the fierce ruffianism too often nourished by remote settlements and unforgotten Indian cruelties. All were workers, and if there were any drones they were not troublesome as well as useless. The condition of the town is exhibited accurately enough in a paragraph of one of the earliest copies of the first newspaper published here. Forty dwellings had been built during the past year; several workshops had been erected; and two saw mills and a grist mill were in operation in the vicinity, while others were in course of construction. There were thirteen carpenters, four cabinet makers, eight blacksmiths, four shoemakers, two tailors, one hatter, two tanners, one saddler, one cooper, four bricklayers, two merchants, three grocers, four doctors, three lawyers, one preacher, one teacher, and seven tavern keepers. The number of the last class seems to indicate a tendency towards speculating on the possession of the Legislature for three months in the year. There could have been but very few of the adult male population outside of this list of sixty-one working men. In the remote and almost inaccessible situation of the little community, the want of postal facilities was, next to the supply of the necessaries of life, most keenly felts and one of its first efforts, after settling into the form and substance of a village, was to open communication with the world they had left. A meeting of the citizens was held at Hawkins's tavern, on the thirtieth of January, to establish a private mail, which, inefficient as it must be, was better than the chance of trusting to new emi — grants or occasional visitors to carry letters. A postmaster,'whose chief duty was mail carrying, was chosen, in Mr. Aaron Drake, and he notified postmasters to forward Indianapolis matter to Connersville, where he would receive it and take it to its destination. He heralded his first arrival by an uproarious blowing of his horn, and; though it was after nightfall the people turned out in mass to welcome him and his budget of news. The government, in a few weeks, completed the work thus irresponsibly begun, and in February sent Samuel Henderson as a regularly commissioned (2) 17 18 HOLLOWAY'S INDIA ~APOLIS. postmaster, to displace Mr. Drake's enterprise. He opened his office on the seventh of March, and a month after published the firstlist of five uncalled for letters, a number indicating, with about equal clearness, a meagre correspondence and an eager inquiry for what there was. Henderson held the place till 1831. The office was moved about with the changes made by the growth of the town, but was, on the whole, much less vagrant than might have been anticipated even by those who could have forseen the stages in its course to its present magnitude. It was first kept near where the canal now runs, that then being a half-way point between the earlier settlement on the river and the later and larger to the eastward. It was next kept in Henderson's tavern, on the site of Glenn's block; then in what used to be called " Union Row," -a line of two story brick buildings of surpassing splendor for that day, of whic h John Cain, the T)ostmaster, owned one and put his office in it; later in the building on the west side of Meridian street, near Washington, now incorporated in " Hubbard's Block;" at one time it was kept on the west side of Pennsylvania street, in the same building with the JOTuaTRNAL office, and a fire which broke out in the Washington street front of the block endangered it greatly; subsequently it was removed to Blackford's building on the east side of Meridian street, opposite to a former location, and there it remained till its removal to the building which the government erected expressly for it. Of the history of its business more will be said in another place. Almost simultaneously with the establishment of the first mail came the first newspaper of the town. It was issued on the twenty-eighth of January, and annriounced that its owners and editors were George Smith and Nathaniel Bolton. The former was rather a conspicuous character aside from the notoriety attaching to a magnate of the press. He wore a queue carefully tied with an eel skin string. The "' old settlers" believed fully that some sort of virtue lay in such a string that no twine or strip of buckskin could boast. Old women always tied their " back hair" with eel skin, and many an eel has died a victim to this fancy that might have lived till now if only sought for his meat. Mr. Smith, moreover, had a most sonorous sneeze, which, to all the inhabitants in the vicinity of his residence on the corner of Georgia and Tennessee streets, where the Catholic institutions now stand, proclaimed the early dawn as regularly as cock-crow, and coeld be heard nearly as far as the arsenal gun. He was a man of some eccentricity of character, and esteemed of a rather intellectual cast in that day of material interests and influences. Mr. Bolton is better known as the first husband of Mrs. Sarah T. Bolton, not unfrequently called the "poetess of Indiana," and, unquestionably, for many years more widely known than any other literary personage in the State. He was State Librarian at one time, and subsequently Consul at the city of Geneva, Switzerland. He was more or less connected with the press for many years, but though a man of sound sense and fair attainments, he never made a very broad mark either on the press, or, through it, on the public. The first office of the Gazette, was a cabin near where the present Fifth Ward school stands on Maryland street. It was soon changed to the site of the Metropolitan Theatre; and thence to a building near Pennsylvania street on Washington; and later to a one-story brick on the site of Temperance Hall, which became afterwards a theatre, and ,the headquarters of recruiting for the Mexican war. Very few papers have encountered or withstood greater difficulties so early in life. Its ink was compound of tar, and realized the printer's description of a paper " worked with swamp mud on a cider press." It appeared as it had a chance, for the lack of mails made it difficult to gather matter, and as for local news every tongue told that to every ear, and the accidental palper must have been as empty as a last year's bird's nest. Seven numbers were published between the twenty-eighth of January and the .FIRST NEWSPAPER-FIRST ELECT'ION. fourth of May, an average of one every two weeks. After that the roads and mails enabled it to appear regularly. A notice of the press of the city will give further information in regard to it, its rivals and the successors of both. Following closely after the first mail and the first paper, came the first election. The county had been organized, but it had no officers, except the Judge and Sheriff, who served by appointment of the Governor. On the 22d of February Hervey Bates, the Sheriff; issued a proclamation ordering the election on the first of April following, of two Associate Judges, a Clerk, Recorder, and three Commissioners, and designating polling places, which show what a very extensive county we had then. One was in the town at the house of General Carr, the State Agent for the sale of town lots, on Delaware street, opposite the present county offices; one at John Finch's, near Conner's settlement, four miles south of Noblesville; one at John Page's, Strawtown, in the northern part of what is now Hamilton county; one at John Berry's, Anderson, now Madison county; and one at William McCartney's, on Fall Creek, near Pendleton. The list of candidates would have sharned even the formidable array of names that "Many Friends" announce every two years at this day. For Judges, James Page, Robert Patterson, James McIlvain, Eliakim hIarding, John Smock, and Rev. John McClung announced themselves. For Clerk, James M. Ray, Milo R. Davis, Morris Morris, Thomas Anderson, and John W. Redding. For Recorder, Alexander Ralston, Joseph C. Reed, Aaron Drake, John Givan (still living), John Hawkins, William Vandegrift, and William Townsend. For County Board there were about five candidates for each of the three memberships. In a voting population of three hundred and thirty, a list of thirty-three candidates indicates that if there is any difference, we have degenerated a little from the ambition of our predecessors. Partisan differences, though resting on no questions of policy, were pretty well marked, and followed the line of nativity closely. Kentucky and Whitewater, represented by Morris Morris and James M. Ray, were the contestants, and they fought as eagerly, though hardly so unscrupulously, as later rivals for the same offices. Every voter was brought out, and pretty nearly every one was taken back drunk. In respect of temperance, later elections are a decided improvement on those of the first twenty years of our history. The Kentuckians were mainly the sufferers, from too recent residence to be entitled to a vote, and Whitewater was victorious. James M. Ray became the first Coun.ty Clerk; Joseph C. Reed, the first schoolmaster, became first County Recorder; John T. Osborn, John McCormack and William McCartney first Commissioners; and Eliakim Harding and James McIlvain, first Associate Judges. James M. Ray got 217 votes, out of an entire poll of 336 in the county. At the Indianapolis precinct, 224 votes were cast, of which something over 100 belonged to the " donation." The vote shows that some addition had been made to the adult population of the town since the Gazette's list appeared. In August, the election for Governor was held, and William Hendricks received 315 votes, out of 317. Harvey Bates was then elected Sheriff, and George Smith, Coroner. The County Board organized on the 15th of April, and formed thirteen townships-Pike, Washington, Lawrence, Wayne, Center, Warren, Decatur, Perry and Franklin, as at present, with four others in the outlying portions of the county-Fall Creek, Anderson, White River and Delaware. Some of these were attached to the administration of larger townships for a time. In Center, Wilkes Reagan, Obed Foote and Lismund Basye were elected Justices on the 23d of May. The first term of Court commenced on the 26th of September, and the session was first held in Carr's Cabin, already alluded to. Judge W. W. Wick presided, assisted by his new associates Harding and McIvain; Clerk Ray produced his first docket as 19 HOLLOWAY'S 1NDIA'APOLIS. Clerk; Hervey Bates introduced business with the first official " Oyez,,' as sherfi; and Calvin Fletcher acted, by appointment, as the. first Prosecutor. The Court, after organizing, adjourned to Crambaugh's house, west of the Canal, and there tried the first case. Daniel Bowman vs. Mleridy Edwards. Richard Good, late of Ireland, was naturalized. The Grand Jury returned twenty-two indictments, six of them for unlicensed liquor-selling; and John Hawkins was granted a license to keep a tavern and sell liquor. As debtors were then liable to imprisonment, "bounds" were fixed, which allowed unfortunate poverty a chance to move about, but confined it to dertain streets. The appropriation of $8,000 and a square of ground, made by the Legislature, for a Court House, was first applied by the County Commissioners on the 22d of May, when a call was made for a plan of the proposed building. That of John E. Baker and James Paxton was selected, and the contract for erection awarded them inl September. What the plan was could be seen a few weeks ago. The work was begun the following summer, and completed in the fall of 1824, at a cost of $14,000. Ati the same session of the County Board, Mr. Sheriff Bates was directed to procure proposals for a jail, and for clearing the Court House square. The latter was done partly by the axe and partly by the wind. A fine selection of large trees was left standing when the forest was cut away, but they were blown and broken off so badly that it was thought best to clean them out entirely. The jail, of hewed logs, two stories high, was finished early in the fall. It stood on the northwest corner of the squ-are, a little north of the present temporary Court House. It was burned in 1833, by a negro, who a short time before had paraded the streets riding on the back of a buffalo, to the amazement of all the school children, and distinguished by a red morocco band on his cap, and the name of " Buffalo Bill." He was not burned in the jail, but it would have been little matter if he had been. A new brick jail, so long identified with Andrew Smith, Deputy Sheriff and Jailer, and with Mr. Mattingly, was then built east of the old Court House, on Alabama street, and enlarged in 1845 by an addition made of three concentric courses of hewed logs, each a foot thick, the middle one crossing the others transversely, and'making quite as safe a prison, except against fire, as any stone or brick contrivance yet attempted. Both gave place, in 1852, to the present costly and inadequate structure. The Court House will soon be replaced by the building, a cut of which forms the frontispiece to this volume. Along with other interesting first observances or inaugurations, that of the first Fourth of July celebration deserves notice. It had been arranged at a meeting at Hawkins' tavern two weeks before, and was held on the old "Military Ground,'" where subsequently the " Bloody Three Hundred" rendezvoused for the Black Hawk expedition. Rev. John McClung preached a sermon from Proverbs xiv. and 34, Judge Wick read the Declaration of Independence, prefaced with some appropriate remarks, and'Squire Obed Foote read Washington's Inaugural Address, John Hawkins read the Farewell Address, and Rev. Robert Brenton, with a benediction, dismissed the meeting to a barbecue of a buck, which Robert Harding had killed the day before in the north part of the donation. The banquet was enlivened with whisky, and toasts and speeches by Dr. Mitchell and Major Redding, and the whole affair concleded with a ball at Crumbaugh's. Militia musters were deemed important in those days, and not a few of our statesmen have won their way to national prominence through the popularity' first gained with a militia plume or epaulet. James Paxton was the first Colonel of the regiment assigned to this section of the State-the Fortieth; Samuel Morrow Lieuenant Colonel, and Alexander W. Russell Major. These titles clung to their 20 IMPROVEMENTS-FIRST BRICK BUILDING. vietims to the last day of their lives, except where they were changed, as in Russell's case, for a higher one. The first camp meeting was held for three days, beginning on the 12th of September, by Rev. James Scott, the first Methodist preacher of the town, who was sent here by the St. Louis conference. During the fall one of those singular phenomena of animal instinct, a migration of squirrels, took place. The town was filled with them, and myriads crossed the river, a feat which, except in these monstrous processions, squirrels rarely attempt. Another occurred in 1848, within the memory of many now living, when the animals were seen frequently in the remoter streets and shot out of shade trees. Though the health of the town had been better than during the preceding year, and not worse than that of western villages usually was in those days, the ill repute of the universal prostration of 1821 clogg-d its progress. The unsold lots remained unsold, and many that had been sold showed signs of a coming forfeiture. Times were hard, as they always are in a new country, and the list of tax delinquencies much longer in Droportion than it is now, for sums ranging from a quarter of a dollar to three dollars, showed it unmistakably. MAen who hold lots for a speculation, as well as those who hold for homes, do not willingly incur the liabilities of a tax sale. To encourage settlement, even on probation, the Legislature, early in January, authorized the unsold lots to be sold upon condition that they were cleared within four months. The tract on the west side of the river (thrown in to make up the complete four square miles of the Government donation), though it promised rather better than it does now, was thought so unlikely of settlement as a town, that it was leased in lets big enough for moderate farms, ranging from five to twenty acres. A lease was also made for three years of the ferry across White River. It ran very nearly across from the foot of Washington street to the opposite bank, some hundred yards below the National Road bridge. Two acres were also autho r, ized to be sold for a brick yard. Whatever may have been the effect of these encouragements, there is but one Qf them that has left a trace to our day, and that is the last. The brick yard furnished the material for the first brick building erected in the city, and it is standing yet, opposite the noLrth end of the Post Office, on the north side of Market street. It was erected by John Johnson, begun in 182 2, and completed in about a year. The first two-story frame was erected in the spring of this year, by James Linton, on Washington street, near the alley east of the Metropolitan Theatre. For a number of years it w,3 stored full of old documents, and was occupied sometimes for public offic- s, but a portion of the time as a bookbindery. The cellar under it caved in, on the street side as well as on the other, and the hogs used to wallow there. Then it was abandoned, or used for any chance purpose that it suited, till about 1840, when it was repaired and additions made to it, and a tavern for a long time known as the "Buck Tavern," from its sign, was kept there by Mr. Armstrong. It was burned down in 1847. A market house was placed in the circle grove in the spring of 1822, but wtas soon transferred to the present East Market place. Though the town was the chosen capital of the State, the county had no representation in the Legislature A petition to obtain it was adopted by a meeting in the fall, and an effort made to obtain a weekly mail from the actual capital, Coryaen, by way of Vernon. Neither.met with success, nor.did a later effort to have the town incorporated. The citizens were not agreed about it, and no further steps were taken in that direction for ten years 21 SECOND PAPER-LEGISTLATIVE ELECTION-IMPROVEMENTS-FIRST DRAMA-FIRST CHURCH AND SUNDAY SCHOOL-ORDER TO REMOVE THE CAPITAL - THE INDIAN MURDER-GREAT FRESH-IET. HE beginning of the year 1823 was signalized by the admission of the county to the Legislature, and the preparations for the election in the following August. Two newspapers are, of course, essential to any well regulated political contest, and as there was but one (the Gazette), when the contest opened, another became inevitable and appeared on the 7th of March. It was called "The WVestern Censor and Enmiyranfs Guide," with that peculiar inverse proportion of length of name to intrinsic value that distinguishes young country newspapers everywhere. Harvey Gregg and Douglass Maguire were the proprietors and editors. Mr. Gregg has passed from the memory of all but a very few of the present generation, but he was known as a lawyer of decided ability, and like his rival, Mr. Smith, of some personal eccentricity. MIr. Maguire is still well remembered by many as one of our prominent citizens, a capable and faithful State officer (Auditor,) a true friend, and a most kindly and genial gentleman, though irritable withal, easily vexed and as easily placated. His connection with the paper, in one capacity or another, continued till 1835, but that of M-r. Gregg terminated in 1824. MIr. G. was succeeded by John Douglass, then recently from Corydon, the capital, where he had been printer to the State, Mr. Maguire acting\ as editor. Early in 1825 the name was changed to the "Indiana Journal," which it still retains, and seems likely to retain as long as a newspaper shall be published in Indianapolis. Samuel M]errill subsequently became editor. His successors and the changes in proprietorship will be noticed under their proper head. The Censor and Guide took the political path that finally led to whigism, as the Gazette's did to Democracy; but this was the "era of good feeling," as it has been called, when parties were in a transition state, solidifying from the break up of the old Federal and Democratic parties into the future Whig and Democratic parties, and differences were less defined and less bitter then than they have become since. Parties had not been disciplined to the accuracy and unanimity of movement of armies, even where parties were distinctly formed, and elections were in a good degree contests of personal popularity. No man knew exactly what anybody else believed about politics, and was not always clear as to what he believed himself, or whom he agreed with, and his choice was naturally enough decided by personal inclination. Electioneering, though a less expensive, was a more delicate, operation than now, when a nomination gives a candidate about all the strength that any quantity of ability and personal popularity can gain The solidity of parties is too great to be easily affected by any individual quality. But in that day a man carried himself, consequently the "ingratiating" element came powerfully into play, and was aided by the paucity of voters which made a personal acquaintance with every Cbapt-er I-.tT. HOTELS-THEATRICAL PERFOR.f A NCE. one not only possible but easy. The day of child-kissing, dinner-eating, wife-flattering electioneering is pretty well over now; but in 1823 and for many a year afterwards, it was a candidate's "best hold," and a good fiddler or' go,-d fellow"pretty much the same thing-has beaten a good orator and a sound legislator more than once. But these were the exceptions then, as the choice of really incompetent over competent men is the exception and not the rule, whatever their personal acceptability may be, in all intelligent communities. The election made our first legislators of two men who would have done credit to any State. James Gregory of Shelby, was our Senator, and Col Paxton our Representative. The vote showed that the town was gaining but little. At the preceding August election, when Hendricks was chosen Governor, 317 votes were cast in this county. The total vote was now but 270. The Censor estimated the population of the town at 600, probably quite as much as a census would have made good. A year had done nothing but settle and fix the elements already collected. But improvements were made, and a look of age and steadiness was gradually coming upon the callow capital. A woolen mill was set in operation in Wilson's mill, by Townsend & Pierce, in June. Woolen manufactures in the form of a supply of yarn for socks and thread foi linsey and jeans, are among the first efforts of young communities, and apt to appear beside. or close after the saw and grist mill. In this unpretending form they are as significant of a pioneer, as their larger successors are of the wealthy and well-grown, community. A new "tavern "-for the dignity of "hotel" was not claimed by the primitive establishments of those dayswas built by Thomas Carter, on Washington street, opposite the Court house. It was burned in 1825, during the first session of the Legislature held in the capital. A still larger and more famous tavern was erected about the same time by James Blake and Samuel Henderson, the Post master, on the site of "Glenn's Block." It was called "Washington Hall," a name which was perpetuated by its brick successor, till the demands of business and the rise of more pretentious hotels supplanted it. Henderson's old frame was moved eastward in 1836, to make way for the bric's building, and was long occupied as a shoe and tailor shop, and by Go'v. Wallace as a law office. Gramling's block stands in its place now. In another place will be found a fuller notice of our early hotels. These preparations for the Legislature were not indications of equal activity in improvements in all directions Washington street was still encumbered with trees, and the others were only chopped out in places. The town was mainly a collection of illy cleared farms, reached by cowpaths; still, it seems, by the complaints of the Censor, to have provoked the envy or rivalry of other towns, though for what, it is not easy to see. But the prospect of the acquisition of the capital exerted a sort of metropolitan influence, and the close of the year brought the first Theatrical entertainment ever witnessed in Indianapolis. It was given in' Carter's tavern, on the night of Wednesday, the 31st of December, and consisted of the "Doctor's Courtship or the Indulgent Father," and the farce of the "Jealous Lovers." Price of admission thirty-seven and a half cents. In deference to the religious notions of the people Mr. Carter insisted on the performance only of serious music, "hymn tunes" and the like, by the single fiddle that constituted the orchestra. Several performances were given with, we are left to infer, moderate success, as the "enterprising manager," Mr. Smith-unhappily his first name is not known or it was "John" and might as well have not been any name at all-came back next year, and repeated the experiment with less success, as he ran off without paying the printer, The Censor intimated on the return of Mr. Smith in 1824, that popular feeling was not 23 HOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLIS. prepared for the levity of theatrical exhibitions, though its own opinion was not adverse to them. This hint explains Mr. Carter's incongruous selection of "serious music." It was a compromise between scruple and curiosity. The religious sentiment among the early settlers of the West even when no profession of religion was made, was always strong, and never yielded to fashiona ble solicitations or the hints of'- Mrs. Grundy." As already noticed, the circle grove was used as a meeting house for the first attendants on public worship, and a camnp meeting was held in 1822, by the Methodists, east of town; but though sev eral denominations were fairly represented, no church edifice was erected till this year of 1823. The Presbyterians, early in the spring, held a meeting, and took steps both for a church organization and building. The former was completed in July, and the latter, at a cost of $1200 for building and lot, in the year following, though the frame was raised pretty nearly simultaneously with the congregation. It stood till some ten or twelve years ago, where it was first placed, on Pennsylva nia street, about midway of the square north of Market, on the west side. It was regularly occupied till superceded by an $8,000 brick structure, on the north-east corner of Circle and Market streets, where The JOURNAL office now stands. Both have had to make way for increased congregations and the necessities of trade, and are now represented by the superb edifice on the corner of New York and Pennsylvania streets. This year was further marked, in its religious developement, by the organization of the first Sunday School, as well as the first church. It met on March 6, in the cabinet shop of Caleb-or, as he was better known, "Squire"-Scudder, on the Washington street side of the State House Square. No attempt was made to introduce denominational differences. It was a Union School, so called, and so in fact. Its anniversary has been often celebrated with much interest, no inco siderable number of the first scholars being still alive to relate their experiences. The attendance averaged about f(,)rty during the first year; but it was a sort of luxury not deemed necessary to be kept up through the winter, and on the approach of cold weather it was suspended till the following spring. It re-appeared on its first anniversary, and never was su,spended again. After the completion of the Presbyterian church in 1824, it was held there, and continued there till the growth of other churches, and the obtrusion of denominational feelings, called off first one colony and then another, leaving to the old place little more than its Presbyterian collection The Methodist school was separately organized April 24,h, 1829, and the Baptist in 1832. After that each church formed its Sunday school to itself. But the Union lived alone six years, as useful an institution as ever was established anywhere. From an average attendance of forty the first year, it rose to an hundred an fifty before the Methodist "swarm" left the'"old hive," and had a library of one hundred and fifty volumes of' the now long-forgotten marble-paper covered books of the type of the " Shepherd of Salisbury Plain." To this union of Sunday schools we owe the long-prevalent fashion of celebrating the Fourth of July by a procession of all the Sunday school scholars of the town, a march to some convenient grove, reading the Declaration of Independence, a speech by some prominent lawyer or public man, and a dinner of "rusks " and water. This celebration continued till the excitement of the war banished it utterly, and it has never been repl ced by any general observance. The Fourth of July in the capital has disappeared except as an idle holiday, or the occasion for some Society's pic-nic. But in 1823 the day was the great day of the year. Everybody celebrated it. A barbecue was made by Wilkes Reagan, at his residence on Market street, near the creek. Rev ~ y\ _____'4 _________________ (ti 'S It' Li #14 V U ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ tC' cm~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"~ U - (44 {C it 4El $<4'ti' ~7 / ___ I -n 4 ir 4 CROWN HILL CEMETERY-FRIENDLESS WOMEN'S HOME. increased expenses created by higher wages, salaries and prices made the debt, as before stated, $368,000 in 1868. The improvemeut of the city may be judged from the reports of building permits and street work. In 1865-the first full statement under the ordinance of 1864-there were issued permits, in the city and its additions, for 1,621 buildings, costing $2,060,000; 9 miles of streets and 18 miles of sidewalks were graded and and graveled, 1 mile of streets bouldered, 4 miles of sidewalk paved, and 3 miles of streets lighted. In 1866 there were erected 1,112 houses, at a cost of $1,065,000; 8~ miles of streets and 16 of sidewalks were graded and graveled, the third of a mile bouldered, 2 miles of sidewalk paved, and 3 miles lighted. In'1867 the houses built and repaired were 747, costing $902,520; of streets 4~ miles and of sidewalks 9 miles were graded and graveled, less than half a mile bouldered, 21 miles of sidewalk paved, and 41 miles of streets lighted. Since 1867 improvements have increased in number and value largely, as will be seen by the table appended to this chapter. Besides these indispensable improvements others have been made of the character which add either to the beauty or convenience of the city, and the possession of which is uasually considered the test of public spirit and geninue city develop ment. First among these is Crown Hill Cemetery. After the old cemetery had been extended to the river on tile west, and the Terre Haute Railroad on the north, it was found that before many years the space would be insufficient, and the pressure of business would probably displace the dead and cover their graves with shops, factories and mills. To provide against this certain though remote difficulty an association was formed on the 25th of September. 1863, with James M. Ray as President, Theodore P. Haughey as Secretary, and Stoughton A. Fletcher, Jr., Treas'r, with seven directors. S. A. Fletcher, Sr., proposed to advance the money necessary to purchase a site, and a committee selected the nursery farm of Martin Williams about three miles northwest of the city on the Michigan road. At one end of it rises a very steep hill, the highest anywhere near the city, at the foot of which, at that time, lay a wide stretch of cleared laud bordered by a heavy forest. Two hundred, and fifty acres, embracing this hill, and several adjacent tracts, were bought for $51,500. Mir. F. W. Chislett was made Superintendent, and early in 1864 he began laying out the grounds. In 1864 the cemetery was 4edicated, Hon. Albert S. White, formerly United States Senator, deliverin the orationg. Lots were rapidly bought by leading citizens, and beautiful and costly monuments, some of marble, some of Aberdeen granite, others of ordinary stone, have been erected. It is now a beautiful place, and a constant resort on fine days. The cemetery pays no dividends; every lot owner is a stockholder. The profits on lots sold are expended in beautify ing the grounds. The war brought its evils, and not a few of them, along with its benefits. Among these the worst was the inundation of prostitutes. They flaunted their gay shame in every public place. They crowded decency, in its own defense, out of sight. Their bagnios polluted every street. The military camps were not always, with all the vigilance of sentries and rigidity of discipline, safe from their noisome intrusion. The jail was nightly filled with them and their drunken victims. And the remuneration of their vice was so ample and constant that a fine was a trifle. Even of it could not be paid, the alternative of a few days' confinement only restored them in better health, with stronger allurements and appetites, to their occupation. To secure some alleviation of this evil, and some chance of making punishment effectual towards reform, the Mayor, in May, 1862, recommended a house of refuge, 12a HOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLIS. where abandoned women could be confined alone, and subjected to a discipline impossible in a common jail. Nothing was done, however, till the summer of 1863. On the 27th of July Stoughton A. Fletcher, Sr., proposed to give the city a lot of seven acres of ground, just beyond the southern suburbs, on the "' Bluff road," if suitable buildings for a House of Refuge were put upon it. Plans and estimates were made by Mr. D. A. Bohlen, architect, and an effort made to entrust the estab lishment to the "Sisters of the Good Shepherd." The donation was accepted on the 10th of August, and $5,000 appropriated to the building, which was to be used both as a refuge and reformatory school, and as a city prison for women. A com mittee was'put in charge of the enterprise, and contracts made in the fall. Within a year the basement, solidly and handsomely built of stone, at a cost of about $8,000, was completed, but there the work stopped. T'he contractor broke down under the great advance in the cost of labor and materials, and abandoned it. The start was excellent, the location is admirable, the work done worthy of any struc ture that can be put upon it, the institution needed, the condition of the donation binding, and the city ought to fulfill its bargain and complete the house. One part of the object with which it was undertaken, it is true, has been assumed by another institution, the Home for Friendless Women, but there is enough for it to do yet to make it well worth completion. The Home, just mentioned, was the work of an association formed in 1866, for the reformation and care of prostitutes. Experience had proved, by repeated successes in other cities, that there were many of this for lorn class who honestly desire to lead a better life, but, repelled by society at every approach, they were compelled to continue in shame to avoid starvation. To pro vide for these both a home and a school, an advance into purity and a means of access to pure society, as well as to furnish temporary protection to meritorious but necessitous women, the association established their Home. They at first rented a building in the Second Ward, but subsequently, by means of donations, and appropriations from the Council, erected a capacious and handsome building on North Tennessee street, at the verge of the city. This was placed in charge of Mrs. Sarah Smith, a Quaker lady, who had long been active, both with tongue and pen, in every benevolent work, and was admnirably adapted by superior intellect and firmness of character to the duties imposed upon her. In her hands the Homrne was successful beyond expectation. But on the 22d day of September, 1870, the building was almost destroyed by fire, and a serious check given to its operations. But the press urged immediate effort by the citizens and Council to rebuild it, and examination showing that much of the standing walls could be safely used, an adequate appropriation was made by the Council and a considerable sum procured by donation, and the Home will soon be as beneficently at work as before. The undoubted convenience, and almost uniform success, of Street Railways had caused the suggestion of a system of them here, as early as November, 1860 but nothing was done till June 5th, 1863, when a company, the "Indianapolis,'" was organized under the State law, with General Thomas A. Morris as President, Win. Y. Wiley, Secretary, and Win. O. Rockwood, Treasurer, for the purpose of constructing one. They applied to the Council for a charter on the 24th of August, and while their proposition was under discussion, another company, the "Citizens'," organized by R. B. Catherwood, of New York, with John A Bridgeland as President, and a number of our capitalists as stockholders, made another proposition, embracing more immediate operations and a greater length of serviceable track within a given time. The contest was hard, and not free from hard words and injurious insinuations. Among these was the charge that the latter 126 STREET RAIL WAY. company had not the means to perform its contract. The managers put down $30,000 in cash, and offered a bond of $200,000, as security. But the Council gave the charter to the "Indianapolis" Company December 11th. It was declined on the 28th. Mr. Catherwood of the Citizens' Company was notified, and he agreed to take the charter and reorganize his company. On the 18th of January the Citizens' Street Railway Company was given a perpetual charter, with an exclusive right to the streets und alleys, for thirty years, with R. B. Catherwood as President, E. C. Catherwood as Secretary, and H.H. Catherwood as Superintendent. The Companywere permitted to lay a double or single track in, or on each side of, the centre of any street or alley of the city or its subsequent additions were to use horse cars only; to put the tracks on the level of the street grades; to boulder between them and two feet on each side; to change tracks if street grades were changed; to charge five cents only on any route; to complete and equip three miles by October 1, 1864, two miles more in a year more, and two miles additional by Christnmas, 1866. After the completion of these seven miles the Council retained the right to order further extensions, the Company forfeiting any route it failed to build on such an order; and the right to take the tracks at an appraisement, or give them to another company, if ten miles were not completed within ten years. The Coinpany began work at once, but the Government's occupancy of the Railroads delayed the arrival of the rails, and, on their request, the Council extended for sixty days the time for the completion of the first section of the system. The first track was laid on Illinois street, from the Union Depot, and this was opened in June, 1861, by the Mayor driving a car on it, with the Common Council and city officers as freight. A double track was laid on Washington street from Pennsylvania to Illinois, and a single track to West street, running north on the latter to the Fair Ground, and was largely used during the Fair. A track was laid on Virginia avenue in the fall; another run up Massachusetts avenue in the spring of 1865, and that on Washington street continued to the river. In 1866 the latter was carried eastward to Pogue's creek, and the Illinois street track extended to Tinker street, and to Crown Hill Cemetery. In 1868 a line was run down Kentucky avenue and Tennessee street, by which all the northern lines, the Washington street lines, and those entering either, connect, through a track on Louisiana street, with the Illinois street line, thus enabling passengers to run round the whole circuit of the railway system without shifting cars. Thirty-two cars, mostly for two horses, long, capa cious and superb, were first put upon the tracks, and kept till 1868. But two horses, with the double expense of conductor and driver for each car, was too much, and single horse cars were substituted April 3d, 1868, with only a driver and a box for fares Simultaneously with, or shortly after, the commencement of the tracks, the Company began erecting stables, car houses and shoeing shops on the north east corner of Tennessee and Louisiana streets, and the establishment now covers a half square in length, and a hundred feet or more in breadth, with handsome and durable brick buildings, As above remarked, this Company encountered serious obstacles in the begin ning of their enterprise, in the cost of iron, in the difficulty of getting it here at any price with the Government occupancy of the railroads, and in the high price of labor They further increased their expense, disproportionately to all prospect of speedy remuneration, by extending their lines to thinly populated portions of the city. The convenience of access to remote sections, thus afforded, has added greatly to their value, but not much to the revenues of the Company. Undoubtedly a profit 127 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. will come from the outlay as the city grows, but for the present they have benefited the city far more than themselves. The estimate that they have added to the value of real estate in these quarters more than the amount of their capital stock (a half million of dollars), is moderate. The embarrassments resulting from this policy have compelled an application to the Council, once or twice, for relief from taxes and the charges of street improvements, and the Council have, fairly enough, granted some advantageous exemptions, until the increase of population shall supply remu nerative patronage. It is believed that the extension of one of the present lines, and the construction of one other short line, will afford ample street railway facili ties for a population of one hundred thousand, the mark set by many for the census of the city in 1880. Then the enterprise will be an unequalled investment. Few cities present so many advantages for a system of street railways at once efficient and cheaply maintained, as Indianapolis. Its streets are so level that one horse or mule can do the work of two where the grades are heavier. Besides, the teams are changed four times a day, so that no animal is overtaxed, unless, as will some times happen in spite of the vigilance of men and officers, a careless or brutal dri ver does it by reckless driving, and the losses from abuse or exhaustion are propor tionably light. There are now seven lines in operation, with an aggregate of fif teen miles of track, fifty cars, one hundred and fifty horses and mules, and from fifty to seventy-five drivers and other employes. They make an average of one thousand trips per day, at a cost of $60,000 to $75,000 per year. The principal stockholders are William H. English and E. S. Alvomd of this city, and Winslow, Lanier & Co. and J. B. Slawson of New York. On the 19th of April, 1864, the Council created a Board of Public Improve ments, consisting of three members, with the City Clerk as Secretary. They take charge of all public works of whatever kind, and permits are obtained of them to erect private buildings. This allows the compilation of building statistics, previ ously impossible.-In 1865 city aid was voted, upon petition of many citizens, to the amount of about $200,000 to four lines of railroad, the Vincennes, $60,000; Indiana and Illinois Central, $45,000; Indianapolis, Bloomington and Western, $45.000; Indianapolis and Cincinnati Junction $45.000 These roads have all been completed and are in full operation, except the I. and I. Central. The Cincinnati Junction road received its appropriation upon the express condition that it should place its machine shops in this city. The condition has been utterly disregarded. What can be done about it is not clear, as the road has the money, but there certainly ought to be some remedy for such dishonesty as this.-The project of building a station house was urged in 1866, but came to nothing. It has since been built on Alabama street, as noticed in the last chapter.-In I867 the corner stone of the Catholic Cathedral, South Tennessee street, near Georgia, the largest sacred edifice in the State, and the costliest, was laid with imposing ceremonies in the presence of a vast multitude on the 20th of July. The Cathedral is of Gothic architecture, two hundred and three feet long, and seventy-five feet wide, in the form of a Latin cross, with vaulted ceiling sixty feet high, a row of chapels on each side of'the nave, a rose window eighteen feet in diameter over the main door' and a tower at each corner of the front one hundred feet high. These are to be surmounted by spires adding another hundred feet, but it is doubtful if the building will look the better for the addition. The southwest quarter of that square, with half- the southeast quarter, is covered with buildings devoted to the uses of the Catholics, including a splendid school house, St. John's church, Bishop's residence, the female school of the Sisters of Providence, and the Cathedral. St. John's 128 Infirmary, on Maryland street, in the former residence of James Sulgrove, belongs to the same collection, as does the adjoining lot on the east. With the corner lot on Tennessee and Maryland streets, the church would have the entire west half of that square, with a portion of the other half. It is Catholic headquarters in Indi anapolis. In 1864 the Kingan Brothers, who were largely engaged in packing and ships ping meats, not only in this country, but in Belfast, Ireland, Liverpool, England, and Melbburiie, Australia, desiring a Western slaughtering and packing establish ment, determined to locate it here, on the river, at the foot of Maryland street, instead of in Cincinnati. They built what was then, and probably is yet, the largest single building devoted to that business in the United States. They opened it with a very successful season in the winter of 1864-65, but in the spring it caught fire and was almost entirely destroyed, with an immense amount of lard, bulk meat and hams in it. The loss was about $240,000, the heaviest ever incurred in our city. The structure was immediately rebuilt, on the uninjured portions of the walls, of the same dimensions as before, except that it was left a story or two lower. It has since been in constant use, summer as well as winter, in slaughtering and packing cattle, hogs and sheep.-In 1868 Mr. J. C. Ferguson, one of the oldest of the city packers, built a house but little less than that of the Kingans, just south of it, and has done, probably, more pork packing than any other establishment. These, an-d all the pork houses of the city will be noticed more fully in the chapter assigned to that subject.-In 1868 MrF. Valentine Butsch and Mr. Dickson bought Miller's half finished block on Illinois and Ohio streets, and changed it into a large, commodious and beautiful theatre, inferior to few in the largest cities, and called it the Academy of Music. It was opened in the winter of 1868-69. It will be noticed more fully in the chapter upon "Amusements."-In 1868, 1869 and 1870, the ceremony, first instituted by the women of the South, of decorating the graves of soldiers with flowers on tho 30th of May, was observed here, in 1869, especially, with a degree of unanimity never witnessed since the end of the Fourth of Jnly celebrations. It was conducted by the ladies, under the suggestion of the Society of the Grand Army of the Republic, and was made a holiday by the entire community. In the spring of 1868 the heirs of Calvin Fletcher, Sr., who died in 1866,, proposed to donate to the city thirty acres of land, at its northeastern corner, for a park, upon condition that it should be forever kept as a park, that $30,000 should be expended upon it within a given time, and the heirs be allowed to designate one of the commissioners to improve it. For no- better reason than a belief that the donation was prompted by a desire to draw fashionable residences in that direction, and thus enhance the value of the vast tract of Fletcher property in the vicinity, the proposal was declined. Parks have been made in the old Fair Ground and University Square, however, and though far too inadequate, they will be a great relief to the monotony of walls and pavements. The Military Park, as it is called, is finely laid out with walks and drives, entirely covered with luxuriant grass, studded with some fine old trees, and recently set with plenty of young ones, and has a large basin in the centre, with a fountain spouting from, and tumbling its waters down upon, an imitation of a natural rocky summit, which rises out of the little lake. George Merritt, the Commissioner, has the merit of the laying out of this park. Last summer a band of music performed there on Thursday evenings, and were paid by subscriptions obtained mainly by the efforts of Mr. Henry E~ (9) PORK HOUSES-PARKS. 129 Church, who had the concerts in his charge. It is a place of constant resort, and will become more a necessity as the city grows. In 1867 a new rolling mill company was formed, and a mill built as soon as practicable afterwards, to roll bar, rod and ordinary merchantable iron. It was controlled by Dr. Winslow S. Pierce and Jas. H. McKernan. It did well for a time. but failed in a year or less, and was bought by Messrs. Butsch and Dickson, who, after running it successfully for a few months, sold it to a company mainly composed of German citizens. Steel rails and bars have been made in it of excellent quality.-In 1869 a company of six German residents was formed to make glassware here. In the fall and winter their building was erected and furnace prepared, and they began blowing bottles, vials and fruit jars, with such entire success that they soon got an order from Philadelphia for $40,000 worth of fruit jars. The sand was brought at first from the Fall Creek bluffs, near Pendleton, and was a friable sand-stone needing to be "stamped" to be used, but latterly river sand has been successfully used, and is cheaper. During the past summer they have erected another blowing house, and have just put up an extensive warehouse for the storage of their goods. The works cover nearly a half square on Kentucky avenue and Merrill street.-During the spring and summer of 1870 the County Board, with the assistance of a considerable sum subscribed by the citizens interested, erected a handsome iron bridge over the river, at the foot of the extension of Merrill street, near-the old cemetery. Each span will bear without risk seventy-five tons, or a great deal more than will ever be piled upon it.-During the past year Mercer, Nash & Co. have erected buildings and begun operations in making car wheels on Merrill street, north of the new rolling mill. They began with ten wheels a day, but are now making eighteen. They have more demands than they can fill. The two chief improvements of the city, since the introduction of gas and street railways-water supply and sewerage-are now-in progress, and belong to the year 1870. The first, as already noticed, was a project of several years standing. It became a reality during the winter of 1869. The sketch of the struggle through which it passed need not be repeated here. It is enough to say that it was strenuously, and not altogether disinterestedly, resisted, mainly on the ground that it was merely a "fetch" to enable the owners of the canal to force its sale upon the city at their own price. It was to supply the water for distribution as well as for motive power, and with the system once established, it would be indispensable, let its price be what it might. The water company met this charge by proposing to take water for distribution from wells supplied by percolation from the river, to use the canal only for motive power, and even for that only as the alternative of steam, binding themselves to maintain b)oth, and the steam at all events; and, finally, if the city wished in time to buy the works, the canal should not be'included. These propositions demolished all objections and the charter was granted. The sewerage system had been suggested scores of times in the past score of years, but in 1865 three engineers, James W. Brown, Frederick Stein and Lazarus B. Wilson, were appointed by the Council to devise a general system and make the necessary surveys. In 1868 a tax of fifteen cents was levied for sewerage purposes, and a small sewer constructed on Ray street, from Delaware street to the creek, into which it empties a square east of West street. It cost $16,500. A year after an attempt was madeto construct a-ewer on South street, but the plan of it was objected to, injunctions obtained against it, and it was abandoned. During the winter of 1869-70 Mr. Moses Lane, an eminent engineer, who has made sewerage a specialty, was invited by the Committee on Public Improvements to examine the city with reference to its iso HOLLOWAI'S INDIANAPOLIS. SEWERA GE-COURT HOUSE. drainage, and after a survey of a few days, he furnished a plan (charging the trifling sum of $1,800 therefor), which was adopted, and contracts let in the summer for a trunk sewer from Washington street to the river on Kentucky avenue, on South street from Kentucky avenue to Noble street, down Noble to Fletcher avenue, at the city boundary, and on Illinois street from Washington to South. The sewer on Illinois street is in progress, and is laid of heavy drain pipe. The trunk sewer is eight feet in diameter, faced at the river with dressed stone, provided with "man holes for each square, and "catch basins " at all street crossings to collect the gutter water and clean it of sediment before allowing it to enter the sewer, It is made of brick, three widths of a brick (a foot) thick, laid in hydraulic cement, and plastered heavily with cement on the outside as it is finished. The work, so far, has been admirably done. The contractors are Wirth & Co., of Cincinnati. It was publicly charged, while the contracts were pending under a motion to reconsider the letting, that corruption had been used to obtain support, and overcome the difference in favor of the bids of Symonds, Hyland & Co., of tlis city, but as the contract was confirmed, and the work energetically begun and thoroughly well done, the affair was dropped and nothing came of it but a good deal of newspaper objurgatlon. The contracts now unfinished amount to about $180,000. In'the winter of 1870 large "additions" of some of the best built parts of the city were made by the Council, against the strong protests of the residents, who wanted to' enjoy city advantages without paying city taxes. Something like two thousand inhabitants,were added by this accession. It embraced a large section of suburban villas on the north, south, west and east. An attempt to do this in 1:-65 was defeated. In 1870 preparations were made for the erection of the new Court House. Many objections were made to the plan (shown in the illustration), as too costly; many complaints were made of the attempt of the Commissioners to secure a heavy loan to build it; an injunction was obtained prohibiting them from issuing the bonds as they proposed; and many wanted the south half of the Square sold (foer it would have brought an immense sum), and the proceeds applied to the erection of a house on the north half. Nobody seemed entirely satisfied, but so many were dissatisfied with different features that no opposition could be made effective, and the work was "placed on the stocks" about as the County Board designed it.' The old house, associated with the history of the State from 1825 to 1835, and with that of the city during nearly its whole career, was torn down, and the excavation of the cellar begun. A description is unnecessary, as the admirable engraving will give a better idea of the completed structure than any description could do.-The Reformatory School for Females, authorized by the Legislature in 1869, has been commenced just beyond the eastern boundary of the city, near the National road, and will soon be one of the most attractive edifices we have. It is intended to be for girls what the House of Refiuge is for boys. The latter, authorized by the act of 1865, is now in full operation at Plainfield, fifteen miles west of the Capital. It has over 200 inmates, managed upon the "Family system," and is successful beyond all anticipation. It is under the experienced superintendence of Mr. Frank B. A insworth. 131 'i Ohapter XV. THE MUNICIPAL GOVYERNMENT-FIRE DEPARTMENT-POLICE. divided into four periods., 1st. The period from the first settlement to 1832. This, to make a pardonable "'bull," was the period of "No Municipal Government," the general laws of the State, and the officers created by them, sufficing for the limited necessities of the village. 2d. The period of "Trustee Government," from 1832 to 1838, when the town was managed by five Trustees. 3d. The period of "Town Government," by the Council alone, from 1838 to 1847. 4th. The period of "City Government," with a Mayor and Council, from 1847 to this time. Several minor changes in each of these periods will be briefly noticed, Of the first period nothing need be said. Second. The first incorporation was resolved upon by a meeting of citizens held at the Court House on the 3d of September, 1832, and the day for an election fixed. It was made under the general law, not by a special act. Five Trustees were elected by a general vote, and the town divided into five wards, all contained within the original plat. The 1st Ward embraced all east of Alabama street; 2d, from Alabama to Pennsylvania; 3d, from Pennsylvania to Meridian-this single tract of a square in width shows where the densest portion of the town lay; 4th, from Meridian to Tennessee; 5th, from Tennessee westward. Samuel Henderson, whose death in California was recently announced, was elected by the Board of Trustees as their first President. A general ordinance of portentous length (thirty-seven sections) for the nmagnitude of the town, was published on the 1st of December. Offenders were prosecuted by the Board. in its own name, before Justices of the Peace, and proceedings were required to be commenced within twenty days. Licenses were required for shows and liquor shops, and the usual prohibitions were made of dangerous or disturbing acts, either of omission or commission, such as firing guns, flying kites,-this latter little regarded and never enforced-racing horses, driving over walks,-there were none in those days that could be injured much-leaving cellar doors open, teams unhitched, hogs at large, wood piles on Washington street over twelve hours, or shavings anywhere over two days; keeping stallions on Washirgton street, and the like. Markets were held on Wednesdays and Saturdays, for two hours after daylight, regulated by a special ordinance enforced by a Marlet Master. Hucksters were prohibited. Elections were held in September. The officers were President, Clerk, Treasurer, Assessor, Marshal and Market Master. On the 5th of February, 1836, the Legislature, by special act, incorporated the town and legalized the work of the Trustees. Taxes were limited to fifty cents on the hundred dollars of real estate, and their collection to the original town plat, though the whole donation was under the jurisdiction of the Trustees No other change of any consequence was made. In the settlement of the old and the new Board, April 1st, 1836, the receipts for the year preceding were shown to CHANGES IN THE CITY GOVERNMENT. be $1,610, and the expenses $1,486, of which $1,150 was paid on the first fire engine, the Marion. The balance, $124 was passed to the new administration. Third. On the 16th of February, 1838, a new act of incorporation was passed by the Legislature, making no change in the power of taxation, or its limit of application, but authorizing sales of property for delinquent taxes, and increasing the wards to six. The first three were left unchanged, with Alabama, Pennsylvania and Meridian streets as boundaries, but the 4th was cut off at Illinois street, making it, like the third, a single block in width, across the plat; the 5th was limited to Mississippi street, and the 6th extended from Mississippi westward. The principal change was in the election and power of the President, and the constitution of the Council. The former was chosen by a popular vote, the members of the latter by the votes of their respective wards, and both for a year. The President had a Justice's jurisdiction, and the Marshal a Constable's. The Council was empowered to borrow money, levy taxes, (up to a half per cent. on realty), establish licenses &c., and the members were paid $12 per year. The other town officers were elected, as before, by the Council. The new Government differed, essentially, but little from the present City Government. It opened the four streets bounding the original plat, elected officers, and arranged the fire department, licenses, &c. Fourth. On the 13th of February, 1847, a city charter was granted by the Legislature, and adopted by a vote of 449 to 19, on the 27th day of March. A free school tax was authorized by about the same vote at the same time. This charter created seven wards, which remained unchanged till the addition of the 8th and 9th in 1861. The new arrangement divided the town, including the whole donation east of the river, by Washington street. The section north of the line was divided into four wards by Alabama, Meridian and Mississippi streets, the numbers running from east to west; the section south was divided into three wards by Illinois and Delaware streets, the numbers running from west to east. Elections were held in April. The Mayor was elected by popular vote every two years, and one Councilman from each ward every year. The former had the jurisdiction of a Justice as before, with a veto upon the acts of the Council.' The latter elected their own President and all other officers, and were paid $24 per year. They could not levy a tax exceeding fifteen cents on the hundred dollars, except by authority from the people, given in a special election. Samuel Henderson, the first.President of the Town Board of Trustees, was elected the first Mayor. This charter remained essentially unchanged till 1853. The limit to the power of taxation was found to be mischievous; and a proposition was made to remove it, but without effect, in 1852. In March, 1853, the general charter law was adopted by the city. This changed elections to May, where they have since remained, made the terms of all offices a single year, gave two Couucilmen to each ward, and all elections to the people, and made the Mayor the President of the Council, as he has since continued to be. In 1857. March 16th, the amended general charter, passed by the Legislature, was adopted, This made the terms of all officers two years, one half the Council going out every year. In 1859 the general charter was again amended so as to make the terms of Councilmen four instead of two years. In 1861, the 1st Ward was divided, and the 9th made of the eastern half, and the 7th divided, the 8th being formed of the eastern section. The Councilmen were elected from the new wards, but political infiu ences, supported by alleged defects in the election, kept them excluded for several months. On the 20th of December, 1865, this charter gave place to another, which made all terms of office two years, allowed the office of Auditor, and gave the election of Auditor, Assessor, Attorney and Engineer to the Council. On the 14th HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. of March, 1867, this was again changed so as to make a City Judge, and give the election of Mayor, Clerk, Marshal, Treasurer, Assessor, and Judge to the people. John N. Scott was elected City Judge, in May, 1867, and served two years. John G. Waters was elected City Auditor, at the creation of the office, and served four years. Both offices were abolished in 1869, the duties of Judge being transferred to the Mayor, and those of Auditor to the Clerk. The minor offices, as Sexton, Printer, Clerk of Markets, Wood Measurer, and the like, are filled by the Council. The following tables of officers under the various forms of municipal govern ment, are taken from Mr. Brown's work. They are incomplete simply because the city records were all burned up in 1851, and have been but indifferently kept the greater part of the time since. A good deal of inquiry and investigation have elicited nothing more than he has collected: TRUSTEES FROM 1832 TO 1838. Year 1st Ward. 2d Ward. 3d Ward. 4th Ward. 5th Ward. 1832 John Wilkins Henry P. Coburn John G. Brown Sam'l Henderson Sam'l Merrill 1833 " " " " Sam'l Henderson John Cain " " 1834' Alex F. Morrison L. Dunlap Joseph Lefevre J. Van Blaricum Nath'l Cox 1835 Jas. M. Smith Jos. Lefevre Chas. Campbell H. Griffith N. B. Palmer 1836 G. M. Lockerbie John Foster Sam'l Merrill " " John L.Young 1837 Lost Joshua Soule Lost Lost Lost The town authorities, during this period, had little to do, and could have done but little if they had been charged with more. The streets were lumpy with stumps. Trees were still standing full sized in many of them a little way from Washington street. Mud-holes, circumvented by roundabout tracks close to the fences, and by foot-passengers by climbing along fences past the deepest places, were common. The remains of more than one or a dozen of these may still be detected by a heavy rain. The "ravines" tore through the town in two fierce torrents in wet seasons, flooding houses and lots from New Jersey street to the river. The southern one, of which some marks may still be seen east of Alabama street, near the present City Hall, and near the river at Kingan's pork house, was the largest; but the northern one, which left marks from east of Mr. Hervey Bates' residence along down to the West Market, did more mischief, as it ran through a more densely populated section. The valley of Pogue's Creek was a swamp and thicket, and all south of it was "country." Much north of it, to Maryland street, was made up of corn fields and cow pastures. There were no sidewalks and no improvements that amounted to anything. 134 COUNCILMEN FROM 1838 TO 1847 Year. 1st Ward. 2d Ward. 3d Ward. 4th Ward. 5th Ward. 6th Ward. 1838 Lost Lost Lost Lost Caleb Scudder Nathaniel Cox 1839 G.M.Lockerbie W. Sullivan J. E. McClure P. W. Seibert Geo. Norwood S.S. Rooker 1840 M. Little S. Goldsberry Jacob Cox " " " " A. A. Louden 1841 1" " " A. A. Louden:' " C. H. Boatrigh 1842 Joshua Black " " J. R Nowland P. W. Seibert T. Rickards A. A. Louden 1843,," ", " " " A. A. Louden " " S. S. Rooker 1844 W. Montague " " " " H. Griffith " " 1845,"" " " " A Wm. CA. Van 1846 " ",, * A.W. Harrison " " C. W. Cady Blaricum TOWN OFFICERS FROM 1832 TO 1847. Year. Pres't Council. Clerk. Marshal. Treasurer. Assessor. Engineer. Street Sup'r 1832 S. Henderson J. P. Griffith Sam'l Jenison None Glidden True None None 1833 1" " "1 C "C "C None G.M. Lockerbie " " 1834 A. F. Morrison Jas. Morrison John C. Busic T. H. Sharpe " " " 1835 N. B. Palmer Joshua Soule R. D. Mattingly " " " " C C 1836 G. M. Lockerbie " " Wm. Campbell " " John Elder Wm. Sullivan W. Ballenger 1837 Joshua Soule Hugh O'Neal " " " None 1" " Thos. Lupton 1838 Jas. Morrison Joshua Soule " A. G. Willard Luke Munsell "' 1839 N B. Palmer Hervey Brown J.VanBlaricum Chas. B. Davis " " R. B. Hanna rJames Van 1840 H.P. Coburn " " " " H. Griffith Henry Bradley " " l Blaricum 1841 Wm. Sullivan C" " " " Chas. B. Davis T. Donnelan James Wood R. C. Allison " D. V Culley 1842 "' " R. C. Allison'C C J. H. Kennedy " C T.M.Weaver 1843 " " W. L.Wingate Benj. Ream " " Thos. Donnelan Luke Munsell None [844 Laz. B. Wilson " " J.Van Blaricum J. L. Welshans " " James Wood W. Wilkinson 1845 Jos. A. Levy Jas. G. Jordan N. N. Norwood " " " " a Jacob Fitler 1846 " " " " Jacob B. Fitler Geo. Norwood John Coen " " CIm 63 0o .q t E .I n I I I .I .I w CA HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. Besides these more important offices, there were several others, either filled many years by the same men or only temporarily filled, which can be presented in this note. The office of Market Master or Clerk was filled for the first five years, till 1837, by Fleming T. Luse, a cabinet maker, whose shop formerly stood where the Branch of the State Bank Building is. It was subsequently held for nine years, from 1837 to 1845, by J. Wormagen. During 1845 it was held by J. Wormagen for the East and Jacob Miller for the West Market, and in 1846 by Miller for the West, and J. B. Fitler for the East. The office of "Collector" was held by the Marshal till 1844, with the exception of the year 1837, when it was held by Wm. Smith. From 1844, to the change in the charter, it was held by Henry D. Ohr. During two years, 1834 and 1837, James Morrison was City Attorney. In 1838 the office was held by Hugh O'Neal, and in 1846 by John L. Ketcham. It was not so much an office as an occasional appointment. The office of Weighmaster was held by John F. Ramsey in 1836, and by Adam Haugh from 1840 till the change of the charter. There was no Sexton till 1843. John Musgrove was the first, succeeded in 1844 by John O'Connor, and he again by Musgrove in the two following years, till the City Government came in. Tho,mas M. Smith was made Fire Engineer in 1846, but the office expired with the charter, and was not renewed till 1853. The "Messengers" of the Fire Companies were officers selected to take charge of the apparatus, and were, for the Marion, David Cox, from 1843 to 1846, and for the Good Intent, Jacob B. Fitler, for 1845 and 1846. CITY OFFICERS FROM 1847 TO 1871. The office of President of the Council is omitted from this list, because it was little more than nominal, and was abolished by the Amended Charter of 1852. It was held successively by Samuel S. Rooker, C. W. Cady, (both in 1847,) Geo. A. Chapman, Wm. Eckert, A. A. Louden and D. V. Culley, (both in 1850,) and by D. V. Culley till abolished. Year. Mayor. Clerk. Treasurer. Marshal. Engineer. 1847 Sam'l Henderson James G. Jordan JNathan Lister Wm. Campbell James Wood Sr. I Henry Ohr 1848 " " " " James Greer John Bishop 1841 H. C. Newcomb T " J. H. Kennedy Sims A. Colley " " J. T.'Roberts 1850 " " " " John S. Spann Benj. Pilbean " o' 1851 Caleb Scudder D. B. Culley A. F. Shortridge Sims A. Colley " " 1852' " Elisha McNeely' " 1853 " " " Benj. Pilbean " " 1854 James McCready Jas. N. Sweetser " " " " " 1855 " " Alfred Stevens H. Vandegrift Geo. W. Pitts Amzi B. Condit 1856 JH. F. West J A " Francis King Jeff. Springsteen I). B. Hosbrook W. J. Wallace Fred. Stein 1857 " " Geo. H. West " " " " " " 1858 S. D. Maxwell John G. Waters J. M. Jameson Aug. D. Rose James Wood 1859-60 " "' " " " Jeff. Springsteen " " 1861-62 " " " J. K. English D. W. Loucks J" I Jno. Unversaw James Wood Jr. 1863-64 John Caven C. S. Butterfield " " " " " 1865-66"" " W. H. Craft " " Johua St"aples Joshua Staples 1867-68 Daniel McCauley D. M. Ransdell Robert S. Foster " " A. M. Patterson 1869-70 " " " George Taffe' " f 136' TABLE OF CITY OFFICERS$ Year. Attorney. Assessor. Street Comm'r. Market Master. Sexton. 1847 A.. Carnahan Joshua Black Jacob B. Fitler IS. Barbee Benj. F. Lobaugh N. B. Taylor Jacob Miller 1848 Wm. B. Greer Charles I. Hand John Bishop " " Jos. I. Stretcher 1849 Edwin Coburn Henry Ohr George W. Pitts " " " " 1850 Wm. Wallace Samuel P. Daniels G. Youngerman " " None 1851 Albert G. Porter L.Vallandingham Joseph Butsch " Phillip Socks 1852 " " Jacob S. Allen Hfugh Slaven " " " " 1853 N. B. Taylor Mat. Little Wm. Huighey Henry Ohr " " 1854 " " John G. Waters " " Jacob Miller George Bisbing 1855 " Jas. H. Kennedy Jacob B. Fitler Richard Weeks John Moffitt 1856 John T. Morrison John B. Stumph " " Geo. W. Harlan A. Liugenrfelter 1857 Benj..Harrison " Henry Colestock Richard Weeks John Moffitt 1858 Samuel V. Morris D. L. Merriman " " Charles John " " 1859-60 Byron K. Elliott R. W. Robinson." "' " Garris'nW.Allred 1861-62 Jas. N. Sweetser John B. Stumph John A. Colestock Thomas J. Foos " " 1863-64 Richard J. Ryan " John M. Kemper J. J. Wenner " " Wm. Hadley 1865-66 Byron K. Elliott August Richter Charles John " 1867-68 " " " " " " Sampson Barbee " " 1869-70 " " " " August Brumer G. B. Thompson Elisha Hedges Year. Fire Engineer. Seal'r W'ts & M's. Printer. Chief Police. 1847 None None None None 1848 " " " " 1849 " " " " 1850' " 1851 " St's'm'n & Loc'm'tve 1852 " " Sentinel & " " 1853 Joseph Little Joseph W. Davis Locomotive Jeff. Springsteen 1854 Jacob B. Fitler John T. Williams Elder & Harkness " 1855 Chas. W. Purcell " " Charles G. Berry " " 1856 Samuel Keeley H. J. Kelley Larrabee & Cottom f J.M.VanBlaricum I Chas. G. Warrner 1857 Andrew Wallace J. M. Jameson Journal Company Augustin D. Rose 1858 Joseph W. Davis J. G. Hanning " " Samuel Lefevre 1859-60 C J. E. Foudray C. S. Butterfield " " Augustin D. Rose I Jos. W. Davis 1861-62 " " James Loucks " " f f Thos. A. Ramsey 1863-64 Chas. Richmann " " Ellis Barnes Thomas D. Amos David Powell 1865-66 " " " -James G. Douglass Jesse Van Blaricum Joseph Bishop 1867-68 fG.W.Buchanan Aug. Bruner " " Thomas S. Wilson Chas. Richmann 1869-70. " Sam. B Morris " " ( Daniel Glazier. { M. G. Lee Henry Paul In the list of Printers, Ellis Barnes and James G. Douglass are substitutes for the Journal proprietors: The office of Weigh Master was created in 1847, and first filled by John Patton. From 1848 it was held by Adam Haugh till 1855. It has not been filled since. 137 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. TABLE OF VOTES, TAXABLES, RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES. Year. Vote. Taxables. Receipts. Expenses. Str'ts &c FireD'p. Police. Gas. Salaries 1847 468 $1,000,000 $4,000 $4,800 1850 1,143 2,326,185 9,237 7,554 1852 1,300 1853 1,460 5,131,682 10,096 7,030 1854 2,012................... 20,500 20,000 1855 2,690 1856 2,776 9,146,670 27,889 46,105 1857 3,300 9,874,700 32,697 31,003 1858 3,343 10,475,000 1859 3,390 7,146,607 59,168 56,442............. -$10,232 $4,882 $4,771 1860........... 10,700,000 87,262 80,172 28,790 11,353 5,986 6,445 1861 3,468................... 84,508 84,508 15,653 16,249 6,300 7,648 $10,180 1862............. 10 250,000 79,132 79,132 2,744 12,510 9,693 8,966 10,662 1863 2,889 18,578.683 97,119 97,487 18,899 12,668 10,687 10,988 11,524 1864............. 19,723,732 125,011 156,444 33,222' 21.202 18,473 12,505 12,040 1865 2,341 20,913,274 597,831 854,391 20,240 21,612 27.990 15,220 14,618 1866............. 24,835,750 409,704 404,713 33,880 20,332 23,416 3,051 9,638 1867 6,135 25,500,605 445,253 331,525 52,186 27,207 37,611 38,164 17,452 1868............. 24,000,000 431,669 224,941 36,018 33,049 27,509 37,100 27,528 1869 5,640 22,000,000 426,586 234,408 31,204 24,327 27,194 29,423 15,183 1870............ 24,656,460 429,355 405,016 62,410 35,925 23,633 29,946 1871. 30,000,000 There was paid for jail fees, the city having no prison of its own, in 1863, $2,842; 1864, $5,509; 1865, $7,686; 1866, $11,113; 1867, $8,116; 1868, $6,336; 1869, $2,871; 1870, $4,197. Bounties paid in 1863, $5,010; 1864, $35,155; 1865, $718,179; 1866, $151,197; 1867 $70,575. MAYOR'S VOTE SINCE 1859. Democrat. ~Rep. Year. Republican. Democrat ep. Maj. 1859 Samuel D. Maxwell.................. 1,895 James McCready................... 1,495 400 1861 Samuel D. Maxwell.................... 2 076 James R. Bracken.................... 1,390 686 1863 John Carven............................... 2,899 No Opposition...................................... 2,899 1865 John Caven............................... 2,341 No Opposition...................................... 2,341 1867 Daniel Macauley........................ 3,317 B. C. Shaw................................. 2,818 499 1869 Daniel Macauley....................... 2,843 John Fishback, (Independent)..... 2,797 46 BUILDINGS. Previous to 1865 there are no data upon which to base even an estimate of the value of the buildings annually erected in the city. But in 1864 a Board of Public Improvements was appointed by the Council, a permit from which was required for every building, the estimated cost of which was given. The first report was in 1865. Year. No. Houses Value. Miles Str'ts. Cost. Miles Sidew'ks. Cost. Bridges. b'lt & rp'rd. 1865 1,621 $1,860,000 10.................. 22................................... 1866 1,112 1,065,000 9.................. 18.................................. 1867 747 902,520 5.................. 11.................................... 1868 530 805,796 4r $27,172 232/ $10,058 $2,332 1869 720 947,086 6 40,740 4. 26 669 1,684 1870 840 1,213,879 10 147,813 7 4-5, 37,893 19,693 138 I' I ORIGIN OF FIRE DEPARTMENT. CITY SALARIES. Mayor........................ $3,000 Gas Inspector...............4 $800 Clerk............................. 1,800 Attorney................. 500 Marshal............Fees and 600 Street Commissioner... 1,400 Dep'ty Marsh'l, Fees and 600 Assessor................... 2,000 Treasurer..l1 per cent. and 5 Engineer.................... 1,800 per cent. on distraints Wood Measurer........... Fees THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. The first organization for protection from fires was made on the 20th of June, 1826, with John Hawkins as President, and James M. Ray as Secretary. Its implements were ladders, axes and buckets, and the church and hotel bells rang the alarm. The first regular fire buckets were curiosities. They were made in the town, of heavy harness leather, painted green inside, bound with a leather-covered rope around the mouth, handled by a leather strap for a bail, and shaped somewhat like a lager beer keg, bigger in the middle than anywhere else. They held a half bushel or thereabouts. The town ordinance required one or more to be kept in every house, and the owner's name to be painted upon them. Their awkward shape made them of little value for use directly upon a fire, for with the narrow mouth, obstructed by a broad strap, it was impossible to throw more than a third or half of the contents out at once, and the effort usually resulted in deluging the enthusiast who made it. But they did well enough to supply engines, by means of lines of men who passed them full, from hand to hand, from the nearest pump to the engine, while an opposite line passed them back empty, and about all the service they ever did was in this way. Resort was occasionally had to this primitive water supply where there was no cistern or accessible well, till three or four years before the adoption of steam fire engines in 1860. The best service of bucket lines was done at the fire in the Washington Hall, in February, 1843. The Legislature, on the 7th of February, 1835, authorized the State Treasurer to procure twenty buckets, for fire purposes, and suitable ladders, and to pay half the cost of a fire engine if the citizens would pay the other half. The citizens on the 12th met and requested the Trustees to subscribe the money, and levy a tax to pay it, an d the Bucket Company was reorganized'as the Marion Fire, Hose and Protection Company. Theengine, the Marion, wasbought in the Summer and brought here in September. It was an "end-brake," made by Merrick, of Philadelphia, and was never surpassed, or fairly equalled, by any of the costly "machines" afterwards purchased. It was permanently housed in 1837, in a two story frame house on the north side of the Circle. The Council subsequently sat in the upper room. The house was carelessly guarded, and often used by prostitutes, and in 1851, after having been on fire once or twice before, it was burned, with the city records in it. The fire was attributed to the members of the Company, at the time, and their resentment at being required to "put up" with so shabby an affair was the supposed motive. It is certain that many of them refused to work when ordered by their captain, and other companies did what was done, but it may be fairly doubted whether they did more than entertain a decided dispositon to see it go. In 1855 a brick house was built on the corner of Massachusetts Avenue and New York street, and in July, 1858, a splendid new. "side-brake" engine was purchased, but never did much service, The town of Peru bought it, in April, 1860, for $2,130. The first officers and members of the Marion Company were the most prominent and respectable citizens 139 Fire Engineer............ $1,400 00 Chief of Police.......... 1,400 00 Lieut. Police... per day 3 50 Market Clerk.. 600 00 Sexton.........Fees and 50 00 Sealer W'ts Meas'rs, Fees HOLLOWA t'S INDIANAPOLIS. of the place. Caleb Scudder was the first Captain. He was succeeded by James Blake, John L. Mothershead, and other leading citizens. But in a few years the town grew larger, and the members of the Company grew older and more indis posed to run long and work hard, and younger blood took their places. By 1848, they had all become "honoraries," and passed practically from the Company. After serving ten years, a member was entitled to claim his "honorary certificate," which gave him to all the privileges of a fireman, such as exemption from city taxes, and from service in the militia and upon juries, without any obligation to pay dues or do duties, and in 1845-6 this limited time of the founders of the Company expired. A considerable change was then made in its composition. It became less respectable, and a good deal more efficient. In 1859 it, like all the other compa' nies, became dissatisfied with Chief Engineer'Davis, and the Council, strongly disposed anyhow to introduce steam apparatus and paid firemen, was not at all urgent to have it kept up, and it was disbanded February, 1860, after a life of a quarter of a century. In 1841, the Marion Company divided, and the seceders took the "Good Intent,' a second-hand engine, of rather uncertain quality, which had, from the Spring of 1840, been kept and used with the Marion. The new Company, afterwards known as the Independent Relief, like the old one, was made up of the best citizens, but with a rather larger infusion of "fast" men than the old one. It was changed with the same steps as the other,. John H. Wright, the first merchant who opened a "cash store " here, and the first to begin pork packing systematically, was the first Captain. In 1849 the old engine was taken by a new company and replaced by a sort of "row-boat" apparatus, then in the flush of its ephemeral glory, and the " boys" for a long time made vigorous rivalry with the Marions. But they were beaten usually, for their engine "took water" badly, and had nearly always to be primed," a process that lost time and gave their vigorous rivals an advantage never thrown away. In August, 1858, they raised some money by subscription,to buy another engine, and the Council helped them, and this, an end-brake, they used till'they were disbanded in November, 1859. They had a severe controversy with the city about their apparatus, but in February gave up everything except their old "row-boat," which they broke up and sold the following Spring. Their house y~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ was a two story brick on the west side of Meridian street, in Hiubbard's block. Its upper room was used by the Fire Association, aswell as by the Company. In November, 1849, the Western Liberties Company was organized, and took the old " Good Intent." They kept it in a small frame house, on the point between the National road and Washington street, and used a big triangle for a bell. In 1857 the brick building on the -south side of Washington street, west of West street, was erected for them, and a new eng,ine, the Iniliana, given them. The Company was disbanded in 1859, and the engine sold. The ":Invincibles," usually called "W,ooden Shoes" by the older companies, organized in May, 1852, and obtained a little iron box engine, called the "Victory," with which, being light and easily handled, and their numbers strong, they did good work, and made good time to fires in all parts of the city. In MTarch, 1857, they got a new engine, the Conqueror, and used it till they were disbanded in August, 1859. Their hoause was on the east side of New Jersey street, a half square north of Washington. After the inauguration of the Paid Department, in 1860, the Invincibles formed part of it for a few months. They were then finally disbanded, and their engine sold to Fort Wayne. The Union Company was organized in 1855, and a handsome house built for COMPANIES-FIRE ASSOCIATION. 14 141 them the, year following, on South street, between Delaware and Alabama. In April, 1856, a firstclass engine, called the'" Spirit of 7 and 6," a name the significance of which is about as hard to guess as the interpretation of the "arrow-head*' inscriptions of Nineveh,.was purchased for them. The Company' was disbanded in November, 1859. A fruitless effort was made to reorganize it in the Paid Depart. ment next year, and the engine was taken at $600 in part pay for the steam engine since stationed in their house. A Company called the "Rovers" was organized in the northwestern part of the city, in March, 1858, a house and one of the old engines given them, and measures taken to procure them a new engine, but before it had reached the stage of efficient existence the old volunteer system was tottering, and nothing was done. The Company was disbanded in June, 1859, and the house sold the year after. The "Hook and Ladder Company" was organized in 1843, and did good service till the 14th of November, 1859, when they were disbanded with the other companies. A one story brick house was built for them on the west end of the East Market space. Besides these regular companies, there were two companies of boys, the" 0 K Bucket Company," and the "Young America Hook and Ladder Company." The former was organized in December, 1849, and did good service in providing buckets for "lines" to supply the engines, and in keeping down or extinguishing fires in the start. They used the old buckets for a time, but were soon supplied with a neat light wagon and new buckets by the Council. Their house was on the northeast corner of Meridian and Maryland streets, where the Opera House was afterwards built. They were disbanded in 1854, but reorganized next year for a little while, and then, being finally disbanded, changed to a sort of Engine Company, and, in 1857, were given the " Victory," the little iron engine first used by the "Invincible" Company. The young "Hook and Ladder" Company got their apparatus in June, 1858, but did little, and were disbanded November, 1859. There was never any effective separation of Engine and Hose Companies. Each engine had its own hose reel, and for a long time the members served indifferently with either apparatus Hose Directors were especially assigned, but they were under the command of the Captain cf the Company. In the latter years of the system, a separation was partially effected, and members were classed as "engine" and "hose" men, but separate organizations, houses and service never existed. The officers were, usually, the Captain, Secretary,. Treasurer, two Engine Directors, two Hose Directors, a Messenger, and a "suction hose" man, the last a position rather than an office, assigned to the most experienced member, as much of the efficieney of an engine depended on the accuracy and rapidity of the " suction" man's work. The "Messenger" kept the apparatus in order, looked to the repairs of hose and the like, and was paid about $50 a year by the Council-the only office with a salary. It was usually held by a mechanic acquainted with the construction of engines. Until about 1852 or 1853, the annual cost of the volunteer system was slight and made up of hose repairs, occasional repainting of apparatus, and similar expenses, but after that time larger demands were made, the independent character of the companies was changed, and they became less associations of citizens for a special purpose, and more a sort of gratuitous servants of the Council. There was no union or co-operation among them, however, and the consequences were sometimes mischievous. In 1853 it was determined to subject them to a common authority' and the office of Chief Fire Engineer was created. Joseph Little was first HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. appointed to it, with B. R. Sulgrove as First Assistant, and William King as Second Assistant. Obedience to these officers was the condition of appropriations by the Council, and refractory companies were ruled by the fear of being left to bear their own expenses. To enable them to exert their power most effectively, and countercheck the despotism of the purse in the hands of the Council, the Fire Association was organized in 1856, with B. R. Sulgrove as the first President. This body was composed of delegates from each company, and held its meetings in the hall of the Relief Company on Meridian street. Its existence and functions were recognized by the Council, and it became the authoritative representative of a very large, active and politically formidable body of about four hundred voters. No appropriations were made to companies but upon its recommendation, and all company action that affected the general interests of the Department was subjected to its supervision. It was, in fact, the Legislature, as the Engineer was the Executive, of the Fire Department. For a time its business was well conducted. But its political power was too obvious to allow it to remain free from partisan solicitations, and the tenacity with which the firemen stuck to each other made its authority even more formidable than it appeared. From the time the companies began to assume closer relations with the Council, they began to act together in certain elections which they deemed concerned them most directly, and, until the system began to fail in 1858, they were virtually conceded the office of city clerk. Daniel B. Culley, of the Marion, held the office three successive years, from 1851 to 1853. Jas. N. Sweetser, of the Marion, next took it, then Alfred Stevens, of the Relief, for two years-dying in the last half of the second year, and succeeded by Fred. Stein, and then it was given to Geo. H. West, of the Marion. The Fire Association concentrated and directed this feeling of fraternity, and as its power became more apparent, its demands became more exorbitant. The Council felt that it had taken an "Old Man of the Sea" on its back, and the citizens murmured at the unaccustomed expense. Power and money produced their inevitable effects, and the Association, in its second year, showed signs of internal discord and unmanageable jealousies. The Presidency began to be intrigued for, and measures canvassed outside and "log-rolled" for, with about as little moderation and not much more honesty than is seen in the Legislature or Congress. More than one violent disruption was attempted, and reconciliations were not easily made. At last the crash came with the election of Joseph W. Davis, formerly Captain of the "Invincibles," as Chief Fire Engineer, in 1858. He had been a prominent, active and peremptory member of the Association, with decided opinions, strong prejudices, and no particular disposition to conceal either. Of course he was liked heartily by those who agreed with him, and cordially disliked by everybody else, and the latter were by far the stronger party. Nothing but the union of the firemen had preserved their power so long, for the city was restive under their burthen, and now their union was broken. It was evident that the volunteer system was approaching its end. An attempt was made the year following, 1859, to restore harmony and efficiency by the election of John E. Foudray, who had never been a fireman, or had not for many years been actively connected with any company, and was therefore free from the partialities imputed to Mr. Davis; but a few months showed that the disease was incurable. The city had grown so large, and steam engines had been made so light, that the stage of fitness of one to the other was reached, and in August, 1859, the Council declared against the volunteer, and proposed to establish a paid, department, with steam apparatus, which, as ]Miles Greenwood, First Chief Engineer of Cincinnati under the paid system, used to say, possessed the valuable quality of I 142 PAID STEAM DEPARTMENT. "neither drinking whisky nor throwing brick-bats." On the 4th of September the Committee on the Fire Department reported in favor of the purchase of a small steam engine, and the sale of the "Relief" and "Good Intent." A Latta engine was exhibited here in the latter part of September, but it was thought too heavy for our unimproved streets, and a Lee & Larned rotary-pump engine, which was exhibited October 15th and 22d at the canal, and proved quite equal in the strength of its stream to the heavier Latta, was purchased and received on the 30th of March, 1860. Its location was a point of hot dispute in the Council and by the press, but it was at last, through the efforts of Mr. G. W. Geisendorff, Captain of the " Westerns," and a member of the Council, placed in the engine house of the "Westerns," at the extreme west end of the city, where it still remains. The new paid department was composed of the steam engine, with Frank Glazier as Engineer, two hand engines under Charles Richmann and William Sherwood. and a hook and ladder company under William W. Darnell. Joseph W. Davis received the reward of his efforts for the new arrangement in the position of Chief Engineer with a salary of $300. In August, 1860, a third class Latta was bought and placed in the Marion house on Massachusetts avenue; Charles Curtiss was appointed Engineer. In October a Seneca Falls engine was bought, after a competitive trial, and stationed in the Union house on South street, with Daniel Glazier as Engineer. In 1867 a second Seneca Fall engine was bought and stationed in the western house, with G. M. Bishop as Engineer. The other of the same make was sent back for repairs. The Latta has also been repaired, and the Lee & Larned. Engines and reels are kept constantly ready for service, and are both drawn by horses. The men are paid and usually do little else than their fire work. In 1863 a central alarm bell was procured and placed in an open frame work tower in the rear bf Glenn's block. It is rung by means of apparatus from a tower on the block, where a watchman is on duty day and night. For five years the locality of a fire was vaguely designated by striking the number of the ward; but in February, 1868, a telegraph system was adopted and put in operation in April; at a cost of $6,000, which provides locked boxes, the keys kept at designated places, which contain an apparatus that by a simple motion enables anybody to send an alarm to the central station. The places of these boxes and the signals belonging to them, are published. The water supply was long uncertain and inadequate. As already stated, it was usually furnished by "lines" of spectators, if a well could not be easily reached by an engine. The canal and the creek were ample, but fires rarely occurred in those sparsely settled sections of the town. Several large wells were dug, one on the point-between Kentucky avenue and Illinois street, another on Washington at the junction of Virginia avenue, and others in other places; but these were not to be depended on, and in 1860 two 300-barrel cisterns were made. But they did little service, and until 1852 the city was without any regular or reliable water supply for fires In that year a tax for cisterns was assessed and sixteen constructed in about two years. There are now, scattered about in the most available places, 78 cisterns of 300 to 1,800 barrels capacity The introduction of the Holly system of water works, which aims to provide streams for fires by direct pressure from the pump through the fire-plug, may affect our fire department ultimately, but it is not thought now that it will. Steam engines will hardly be dispensed with, and we must have cisterns for them. An attempt was made in,1868 to bore an artesian well, on the northwest corner of University Square, to fill the fire cisterns, and a good deal ot money spent upon it, but it has been abandoned. A steam pump to fill cisterns was made in 1864 at a cost of $1,000. The hose is all gutta percha. 143 TOLLOWAY'S IlDIANAPOLtS. PRESENT CONDITION OF DEPARTMENT. The following statement of the present condition of the Fire Department has been kindly furniseed by the Chief Fire Engineer, Dan. Glazier: No. 1.-C. B. Davis-Cost $4,800-out of service. No. 2.-William Henderson-Cost $5,500-located on corner of Massachusetts avenue and Delaware street. This engine was rebuilt last season at a cost of $2,600. Engineer, Cicero Seibert. No. 3.-Cost $3,500-located on South street, between Delaware and Alabama streets-Engineer,John R. Belles. No. 4.-Cost $6,000-located on Washington street, between West and California streets. Engineer, George M. Bishop. Takes place of No. 1-is run by the No. 1 Company. No. 5.-John Marsee-Cost $6,000. Not located-new engine in reserve. The city has purchased grounds and will build new houses this coming summer, consequently the location of some or all the engines will be changed. No. of Hose Reels-5. Totol cost $1,800. No. of feet of Hose-5,000. Cost about $7,000. No. of men engaged in Fire Department-1 Chief Fire Engineer, 3 Engineers, 1 Superintendent of Telegraph, 2 Watchmen on the Tower, one Hook and Ladder man, 3 Firemen, 6 Drivers, and 12 Hosemen. Wages of Men.-('hief Fire Engineer, $1,300 per annum; Superintendent of Telegraph, $35 per month; Engineers, $90 per month; Firemen, Drivers and Watchmen, $2.50 per day; Hosemen, $180 per annum. No. of horses-14. No. of cisterns-78. Total cost of Hose since organization of paid Department-$J6,000. SIGNAL STATIONS AND NUMBERS. Engine House, cor. Massachusetts avenue and New York street. Corner East and New York streets:. Hook and Ladder House, New Jersey, near Washington. Spiegel, Thorns & Co's Factory, on East. Washington and Noble. Davidson and New York. Noble and Michigan. Noble and Massachusetts avenue. East and Massachusetts avenue. New Jersey and Ft. Wayne avenue. Delaware and Ft. Wayne avenue. Pennsylvania and Pratt. Blind Asylum. Tennessee and St. Clair. Michigan, between Meridian and Illinois. Tennessee, bet. Vermont and Michigan. Illinois street and Indiana avenue. New York and Canal-Helwig's Mill. West street and Indiana avenue. Frink & Moore's Novelty Works. 282 Indiana avenue. Blake and Michigan. Douglass and New York. Cotto n Factory, near river. Geisendorff's Woolen Factory, near river. No. 1. Engine House, Washington, bet. West and California. West street and Kentucky avenue. Georgia and Mississippi, Coburn & Jones Lumber Yard. Washington and Tennessee. Illinois and Louisiana, Spencer House. Illinois and Garden-Osgood & Smith. Illinois and McCarty. Bluff Road and Ray. Delaware and McCarty. East and Bicking. Virginia avenue and Bradshaw. Virginia avenue and Noble. Georgia and Benton. 16 Fletcher avenue-Chief Engineer's res. No, 3 Engine House, South street, between Delaware and Alabama, Gas Works. Penn'a and Georgia-Farley & Sinker. Glenn's block. Delaware and Washington. 185 New Jersey street, cor. Virginia ave. POLICE. The Police force was first established in 1854. Its changes and the general features of its history are related in chapter X, and need not be repeated here. 144 2 3 4 5 6 7 1-2 1-3 1-1 1-5 1.,-6 1-7 1-8 2-1 2-3 2-42-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 3-1 3-2 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-5 4-6 4-7 5-1 6-2 5-3 5-4 5-6 5-7 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-1 6-5 6-T. 7-1 AMUSEMENTS. LTHOUGH Indianapolis holds a high place in the estimation of showmen, and is invariably marked for every traveling exhibition, from an operatic star to a double-headed baby, a considerable portion of its respectable patronage has been directed by a peculiarity of taste, compounded partly of Puritan traditions and partly of backwoods culture, which, even to this day, makes certain classes of entertainments "unclean." Menageries are illustrations of natural history, and the schools are dismissed to see them. Circuses are' "devil's devices," and church members are, or were, "called over the coals" for visiting them. Concerts are bearable, and even the opera is not altogether abominable, but a theatrical performance is beyond moral toleration. This feeling used to be much stronger and more generally diffused than it is now, when the growth of population and ungodliness has provided ample patronage for everything, and moral antipathies, finding themselves practically powerless, have thinned greatly from inanition, and weakened from want of exercise. But in their greatest strength they could not subdue the open rebellion of many, and the secret disobedience of others, to the purity that closed the circus canvass on them, or shut them out of Ollaman's wagon-shop, or the old "hay press" foundry. It would be hard to determine whether the religious opposition of the "fathers" of the Capital injured the tabooed performances more than the additional allurement of doing a forbidden thing benefited them. At all events, though deprived of the advantage of the "family attendance" of old settlers, circuses, negro minstrels and ballet pieces have been quite as well patronized as "animal shows," lectures and concerts. "Shows," the generic Hoosier name for all sprts of exhibitions under canvass, may be considered the favorite weakness of the Capital. A circus of fair average pretensions will fill its seats in spite of weather, mud or money, and a half dozen in close succession will keep doing it, as if people went to see how much better or worse one was than another. Other exhibitions are little less attractive. Negro minstrels will suck all the patronage from an opposition lecture or charity fair. The theatre, alone, of the oldtime "immoral" class of exhibitions has had a fluctuating patronage and an accidental prosperity. During the war, and since, under the impulse of some famous actor, it has done very well, but averaging all the seasons before 1861, with all those since 1865, it will be foind that the profits might be turned in upon the National debt without sensibly diminishing the necessity of a tariff. Those familiar with the business might explain this exceptional sterility; it is enough for this sketch to state the fact. As concerts, lectures and "shows" have no especial connection with the city or its history, it would be an impertinent enlargement to say more of them here. The theater, however, having "a local habitation and a name," bringing population here, diffusing its earnings here, and ornamenting our streets with imposing edifices, is a part of the city, and cannot be properly omitted, (10) i3 h a p t P, t' X V 1. HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. As has been stated in the general history of the city, the first theatrical performance was given here on the night of the last day of the year 1823, in the dining room of Major Carter's tavern, opposite the Court house, by a Mr. and Mrs. Smitbh imposingly announced as "late of the New York theatre." Two pieces were played, "The Doctor's Courtship, or the Indulgent Father," and the "Jealous Lovers." The price of admission was "three levies"-the popular abbreviation in early times of three "elevenpence," in later years changed, by more frequent intercourse with the South, to the Mississippi "patois" of three " bits,"-and the orchestra was composed of Bill Bagwell and his fiddle. Mr. Carter was largely imbued with the prejudices against the stage, to which allusion is made above (and which recently sent a dead actor of excellent character "round the corner" for christian burial, in New York), and he objected to the use of so profane an instrument as a fiddle in his house, as an auxiliary to a performance which his conscience could illy tolerate in its least offensive form. He was finally pacified by the assurance that the obnoxious instrument was a "violin." and by the performance thereon of the air of a favorite hymn. Several exhibitions were given, with sufficient success to attract the adventurous Mr. Smith here again in June, 1824. But he failed then, and ran away without paying his bills, a trick that wandering showmen have practised frequently since. The next attempt at theatrical entertainment was of a higher order altogether. A full company was engaged and a building fitted up expressly for it. A Mr. Lindsay was manager. Mr. Ollaman's wagon-shop, on Washington street, opposite the Court house, was the theatre, and two or three musicians composed an attractive orchestra for that day. Among other pieces, Kotzebue's "Stranger"' was produced several times, and "Pizarro," the "Loan of a Lover," "Swiss Cottage," and a number of the old dramas and farces which even yet hold possession of the stage against half naked women and bloody melo-dramas. Songs were given in the "wait" between the first and second pieces, and some of them became quite as popular as S. C. Foster's plaintive negro melodies of a later day. The "Tongo Islands," with its interminable and inextricable tangle of gibberish for a chorus, "Jinny git your hoe cake done," and some of the songs made famous by Jim Crow Rice, may even yet be recalled by old residents with good musical memories. This was about the year 1837 or 1838. During the winter of 1840-41 Mr. Lindsay returned with a really superior company, and fitted up the one-story brick building, formerly occupied as the office of the Indiana Democrat, where Temperance Hall is now. Mrs. Drake, and A. A. Adams, whose irregularities had prevented him from getting an Eastern engagement and forced him here to support himself, were the chief attractions. Neither of them ever played better, and the little house, which would not seat more than three hundred, was nearly always full. This was Mr. Lindsay's last appearance here. It was here that a ludicrous scene occurred "not set down in the bills." Captain George W. Cutter, a leading Whig orator, from Terre Haute, and a poet who subsequently attained a national reputation, fell in love with Mrs Drake, who was several years his senior. She returned his passion with theatrical, if not sincere, demonstrations, and the billing and cooing of the oddly mis-mated lovers was the standing joke of the city during the session of the Legislature. One night, in some performance, Mrs. Drake, who was affectionately watched from the wings by her Wabash adorer, in making a "stage" fall, made a real one, and hurt herself, or Cutter thought she did, and he rushed upon the stage, to the horrible disorder of 146 AMUSEMENTS. the scene, and the infinite fun of the audience, and tenderly lifting up his rather ponderous inamorata, audibly condoled with her, and led her off with all the touch ing sweetness of the honey moon. The crowd roared, cheered the gallant Captain "to the echo," and made fun of him for the next six weeks. He and Mrs, Drake were married that winter at Mr. Browning's hotel. This love passage was the "sensation" of that season. In 1843 "The New York Company of Comedians" opened a theatre in the upper room of Gaston's carriage-shop, where the Bates House now stands, and gave series of concerts closing with stage performances, during the better part of the ~vinter. Mrs. Drake and Mr. Adams, Mr. Brown's history says, appeared here, but the writer has an impression, not definite enough to place against anybody's actual recollection, that they played together but one season, and that was during Mr. Lindsay's occupation of the Democrat office. Another theatrical demonstration was a home-made affair, and by no means the worst given us. During the winter of 1839-40 an old foundry building called the "hay press," from an "institution" of that kind established in its rear to bale hay for transportation to New Orleans in fiatboats, was fitted up with a stage and scenery, and used by the "Indianapolis Thespian Corps" to present Robert Dale Owen's play of "Pocahontas." The leading actors were James G. Jordan, as "Captain John Smith;" James McCready, as "Powhattan; " William Wallace, as "Pocahontas;" John T. Morrison, Davis Miller and James McVey in other characters. Though but an indifferent acting piece, and utterly forgotten as any. thing else now, its novelty made it entertaining enough to "run "- for sometime at irregular intervals. Two or three years later the "Corps" was revived, and strengthened with the addition of Mr. Edward S. Tyler, and produced several standard plays with decided merit and success. The "Theatre" was opened, usually, once a week, but sometimes twice, in the summer and fall of that and the suceeeding year. (It is but just to say that there is a good deal of discrepancy as to the dates in the history of the " Corps." The writer has fixed those given by the memories of the gentlemen belonging to the Corps, who concur unanimously in placing their performances at least as early as 1844, and the first presentation of " Pocahontas" is fixed positively, by one of the leading actors, in the winter of 1839-40.) The best paying performance, and the best dramatically regarded, was the "Golden Farmer," with Mr. Jordan as the "Farmer," Mr. McCready as "Old Mob," and Mr. Tyler as "Jimmy Twitcher." The last was a "hit." In the first scene, where "Jimmy" overhauls his booty and "takes an account of stock," and in that in which he falls off a fence and hangs by the seat of his breeches to one of the spikes, the audience never failed to "come down" with furious applause. The "Brigands," with Jordan in the song of "Love's Ritornella," was also popular. Towards the close of the season of 1842 or 1843, probably the latter, Mgr. Nat. Cook, eldest son of the then State Librarian, who had been playing subordinate parts in a Cincinnati theatre, came out here, and a big demonstration was made. The town was full of rumors of his talents, his wonderful wardrobe, his fame abroad, and of all other inducements to make him the "lion" of the theatre-going society-not the highest in the city at that time-and to bring a big crowd to hear him. Home's tragedy of "Douglass" was announced, with Mr. Cook as"' Young Norval," Mr. Jordan as "Glenalvon," and Mr. Davis Miller as'Lady Randolph," to be followed by the "Two Gregories," with Mr. Cook as one of the "Gregories," Mr. Jordan as the Frenchman, and Mr. John Cook, Jr., as the sweetheart of "Gregory." There was a full house, and rap 147 I turous applause when "Young Norval" came on for the first time, resplendent in scale armor of tin chips, and impressive in all the rant and strut and grunt of traditional stage propriety. But he didn't hold up. Mr. Jordan made a decidedly better character of the villain. This was the dying blaze of the Thespians. They expired in October, after Mr. John T. Morrison, as per programme, attempted to declaim Dimond's "Sailor Boy's Dream," and forgot the third stanza and all behind it. He could have done admirably if his memory hadn't tricked him, but "stage fright" was too much for him, as it has been for many a man who has become famous on the stage since. (There is a long blank in theatrical history, between the Thespians and the next stage exhibition, of too little consequence to deserve notice.) Early in 1853, January 21st, Mr. F. W. Robinson, calling himself "Yankee Robinson," located in Washington Hall for the winter, with the company he had been exhibiting as a "side show" at the State Fair the fall before. To evade the license for theatrical performances, he announced concerts by the Alphonso troupe, and a vocal annoyance was followed by a very fair play, sometimes two. The leading actor was Henry W. Waugh, afterwards clown in Robinson's circus under the name of "Dilly Fay," and more widely, as well as more honorably, known as a young artist of very great promise. He painted all the scenery, and it was well done. During the following year he assisted Mr. Jacob Cox in painting a "Temperance Panorama" in the Governor's Circle, which, never adequately managed, failed as a traveling exhibition, though it did well in the city at Masonic Hall. iHe went to Italy ten or twelve years ago, and died of consumption on his way home, in England. Mr. and Mrs. Sidney Wilkins did the "heavy business," and Mr. James F. Lytton the Irish characters. He sang well and with good comic effect, and he made Irish songs very popular. "The Low Backed Car," "Billy O'Rourke," "The Flaming O'Flannigans," "Finnegan's Wake," and several other songs owe their Indianapolis popularity to him. Robinson closed his season the 7th of March. Mr. H. W. Brown then took the Hall, and, with Mr. Wilkins and wife, Mrs. Mehen, and some others, first produced "Uncle Tom's Cabin" and with success. He ran only four weeks, closing July 26th, 1853. Mr. Wilkins then took the place and company, and made a brief season of a few weeks. During the summer and fall of 1854, Mr. C. A. Elliott, having built and enclosed his large liquor house, on the corner of Meridian and Maryland streets, Mr. Robinson rented the third story, and had it turned into a moderately capacious and comfortable theatre, still better than Washington Hall, called "The Atheneum." His company consisted of R. J. Miller, who, subsequently taking the line of "Yankee" characters-the most abominable caricatures that ever disfigured any stage in the world, whoever the actor might be-called himself "Yankee Miller," his wife, Mr. Bierce, another stage "Yankee" called "Yankee" Bierce, and "Yankee" Robinson himself and his wife, F. A. Tannehill, George McWilliams, his sister, Mary McWilliams, J. F. Lytton and H. W. Waugh. This was a profitable enterprise. The theatre was always well filled, and the plays given with no inconsiderable share of force and scenic effect. It was here that Indianapolis was introduced to the first "star" ever seen on White River. Miss Susan Denin, of moderate histrionic talent, very considerable personal beauty, and a reputation that did not repel admirers of other attractions than her acting, appeared in "Fazio," and in the farce of "Good for Nothing," the latter the better performance of the two, and made a sensation which has hardly been equalled in intensity even by Kellogg and Nilsson, though it must be admitted that the sensation did not pervade precisely 148 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. AMUSEMENTS. the same classes, or run upon the same level of respectability. She appeared in the same place in the year following, with her sister Kate, and played "Romeo" to Kate's "Juliet." This exhibition in tights was especially attractive to the sappy juniors of the masculine persuasion, and though her acting was not improved, her success was decided. In the spring of 1855, Maggie Mitchell, who had made her first appearance in Chicago but a few days before, appeared here, and gave no very striking indications of ability to achieve a marked success. The papers treated her kindly, however, and she left with some money and some encouragement. J. P. Addams also played during this season. On the closing of Robinson's season, April 14th, 1855, Austin H. Brown and John M. Commons took the Atheneum, and engaged several of the best actors in the country. Mr. C. J. Fyffe was manager. The "support"-was wretched and patronage fell off, though Harry Chapman and his wife, Mrs. A. Drake-reappearimg for the first time since 1842-William Powers, a disastrous failure, and James E. Murdoch, then confessedly at the head of the profession in the United States in genteel comedy, drama, and skill as a reader, were among the attractions. Mr. Murdoch played to less than twenty persons, the unbearable heat of a close room, so near the roof, in midsummer, repelling hundreds who would have gladly heard him anywhere where they could sweat without being scalded. He threw up his engagement for the benefit of the managers after the second performance, which vas the "Stranger," and left in a big disgust, which he has never so far conquered as to come back, except to lecture or give a reading. On the 15th of September, 1855, Mr. Commons reopened the theatre, and ran it till the 8th of December, with Miss Eliza Logan, Joseph Proctor and wife, Susan and Kate Denin, Peter and Car oline Richings, and W. J. Florence and wife,. Thomas Duff was stage manager. In March, 1856, W. L. Woods opened it again for a month, Mr. W. Davidge, low comedian, being the star. Vance and Lytton ran it from May 16th to June 3d, with Eliza Logan, Miss Coleman Pope and Miss Richings as attractions. Maddocks and Wilson opened spasmodically during the summer, as a chance crowd made an appearance of pay possible. During' the State Fair Wilson and Pratt used it, and Yankee Bierce and the Maddern sisters, in the early part of December. From the 16th of December till the 9th of March it was run by J. F. Lytton & Co., with Yankee Miller, Mr. and Mrs. Lacey, Tannyhill, Lytton and others as company, and Susan Denin, Dora Shaw, John Drew, Charlotte Crampton, Mrs. Drake and Miss Duval as stars. In March, 1857, Cal. J. Smith attempted to do something with the now dilapidated affair, but he couldn't do much at best, and he did noth ing with this but ruin it outright. It should be stated that Miss Eloise Bridges, appeared in the early fall of 1865. In August. 1858, a German company played at the Atheneum for a little while, and in January of that year and February of 1859 the Germans ran two theatres, one at Washington Hall and one at Union Hall. Kate Denin and her husband, Sam. Ryan, opened Washington Hall in April, 1858 for a few days, to no advantage to anybody; and Harry Chapman, with his wife and his wife's mother, Mrs. A. Drake, and the admirable comedian John K. Mortimer, opened the Atheneum during the State Fair. This completes the sketch of makeshift theatres, halls temporarily fitted up, companies temporarily collected, aud of seasons sporadically scattered through the year. From this time there is to be noticed only a regular theatre, built on purpose, and worthy of the population and prosperity of the city. Up to this time the Theatre, though a denizen, was not a citizen, of the Capi tal. It was a tenant, not a proprietor, and moved about with little improvement 149 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. of accommodations. But in 1857 Mr. Valentine Butsch built the Metropolitan Theatre, corner of Tennessee and Washington streets, opposite the Masonic Hall, expressly for stage performances, and gave this class of amusements permanence and character. The corner stone was laid in August, 1857, and in a little more than a year the house was finished. It is one of the handsomest in the city, three stories high, eighty-two by one hundred and twenty-five feet, stuccoed to resemble stone, with niches in the second story front for symbolical statues, and a balcony which furnishes a place for the band to play alluring airs, before the rising of the curtain. The ground floor is divided into large business rooms, with two stairways to the theatre entrance. The auditorium will seat about twelve hundred persons, and could seat more if the gallery were not so indifferently arranged that the stage is visible only from the lower seats of the centre and from the two ends The dress circle under the gallery is separated from the " pit" or parquette by a descent of a foot or so, bounded by an iron balustrade, through which there are two openings from the dress circle, the only means of entrance. The vaulted ceiling is neatly decorated with fresco work. The stage, though not large, is quite adequate to any ordinary exhibition. The scenery was painted by S. W. Gulick, who was suc ceeded by Thomas B. Glessing, an artist of marked talent, who has provided both the Metropolitan and the Academy with as good scenery as can be found in any theatre in the West. It cost, with the lot, about $60,000. The Metropolitan was opened under the management of E. T. Sherlock on the 27th of September, 1858, with an exhibition of the "Tableaux Vivants" of the Keller Troupe, if the writer remembers correctly. A number of "stars" of greater or less magnitude appeared during the season, which closed on the last day of February, 1859. Among them were Sallie St. Clair, the leader of the "naked school," in such displays as the "French Spy," Hackett, the great-in all senses" Falstaff," the Florences, J. B. Roberts, Mrs. J. W. Wallack, Mrs. Sinclair (Forrest), Adah Isaacs Menken, another of the "stripping" class, Eliza Logan, Mr. and Mrs. Waller, Matilda Heron, then in the flush of her recently acquired renown as the great "realistic" actress, and the Cooper English Opera Troupe and other stars. The season was pecuniarily a failure. Large expenses were incurred without the presentation of striking inducements to patronage, except in a few cases, and the houses did not "pay." There was, moreover, no little remnant of that antipathy to the theatre alluded to in the opening of this chapter, to encounter, and it was the more damaging as being directed by the oldest, wealthiest and most respected citizens. The manager sought to conciliate it once by offering a benefit to the Widows and Orphans' Society, then sadly in need of help, but after much discussion the offer was declined under the advice of the leading male directors, and a probable donation of five hundred dollars thrown away. The ground of refusal was distinctly stated to be the Society'G doubt of the moral tendency of stage exhibitions. The city press, with scarcely an exception, exposed the insufficiency of the reason, and the impropriety of looking too nearly into the means by which money properly offered was gained. The same scrutiny might repel donations from speculators in family distress and the poverty of the very class for whose relief the Society was organized. A charitable association does all its duty when it honorably obtains means which it benificently applies. The discussion was warm for a while, the "moralists," as they were called, standing resolutely by their creed that money for pure purposes must come from pure sources, though the starvation of the suffering were the consequence of refusing that of doubtful acquisition. The city has outgrown this opinion now, if one may judge from the fact that a theatrical exhibition, by amateurs, '150 A M USEMENTS. was made on two successive nights in the Opera Hall for the benefit of this same Society, and an amateur opera was given in the Academy of Music two or three times for a similar benevolent object. The moral difference between an amateur and a professional exhibition is not a wide one, and in these instances the artistic difference was not much wider. The performances were quite as good as the average of stage exhibitions, and the only feature that the societies seemed to lament was that they did not pay better. The failure of Mr. Sherlock did not deter Mr. George Wo)d from re-opening -the theatre in April, 1859, for a few nights, nor John A. Ellsler from attempting a two months season immediately after. He was the first to produce ballet pieces with some approach to the scenic splendor, the tinsel, flowers, naked girls, and gorgeous tableaux of Eastern theatres. He opened it again during the fall and winter, but with little success. On the 25th of April, 1861, its management was undertaken by Mr. Butsch himself, with Felix A. Vincent as stage manager, and the crowd brought here by the demands of the war made it pay. From this time to the close of the war the Metropolitan was the most profitable investment in the city. It was crowded all the time, whatever might be the attraction, though the " stock" was nearly always good enough to merit good patronage, including, as it did, Mr. Vincent, in some respects one of the best comedians ever seen here; Miss Marion McCarthy-who subsequently became insane and died here-a good actress in Nearly all classes of characters from farce to high tragedy, and a pleasing singer as well; Mr. F. G. White, a broad low comedian of unfailing popularity with "the boys;" Mr. Ferd. Hight, an excellent " old man" and fair comedian, Miss Phillips, the best "old lady' we have had, and several others. Vincent continued as manager under Mr. Butsch till 1863. He was succeeded by Wm. H. Riley, who' played leading parts as well as manager, and made himself deservedly popular, not more by his judicious enterprise in one capacity than his correct and effective performances in the other. His wife also appeared frequently and successfully in such parts as'Desdemona," "Juliet," "Mrs. Hailer," and the lighter characters of tragedy and serious drama. Mr. Riley remained in charge of the Metropolitan till 1867, when he removed to New Orleans, to take the -management of the St. Charles Theatre of that city. He died there within a month after his arrival, regretted alike for his professional excellence and social character. The season of 1867-8 was managed by Mat. V. Lingham, and that of 1868 by Charles R. Pope. The latter, besides his own acting, which has rarely been equalled by any "star," gave us a succession of the best performances we have ever had, including a week of John E. Owens, and another by Edwin Forrest, in which he appeared as "Virginius," "Spartacus," "Richelieu," and "Othello." Madame Ristori, appeared one night, the 25th of March, 1867, under Grau's management. Mr. Pope has since taken the St. Charles Theatre in New Orleans. In 1868 Mr. Butsch closed the Metropolitan and transferred his personal management to the Academy of Music. Since then the Metropolitan has been opened as a sort of "Varieties" and "Minstrel" hall, though it has always inclined more or less to the drama. Mr. Sargeant had it in 1870. and Mr. Fred. Thompson in the spring of 1871. In 1868 Mr. Butsch, perceiving the inadequacy of the Metropolitan to the rapidly growing population of the city, and resolved to " keep even" and retain his long mastery of amusement resources, bought the incomplete structure called "Miller's block," on the southeast corner of Illinois and Ohio streets, paying $50,000 therefor, and completes it into one of the largest and handsomest edifices in the\ 151 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. West, making a theatre of the second and third stories, and business rooms of tie first, with an entrance on both streets. This he called the Academy of Music. The auditorium will seat about 2,500, and in completeness of arrangement, ele gance of finish, comfort of accommodations, and general pleasantness of effect, it will compare with any of the smaller theatres of the United States. The dress circle is separated from the parquette by a line of boxes, and there are two well arranged galleries, the lower a better place than the parquette to hear music. The upper is usually reserved for "citizens of African descent." The Academy was opened in the fall of 1868 under the management of Mr. W. H. Leake, with a fair stock company, containing Mr. White, Mr. Hodges, and one or two others familiar to the theatrical public in past times; his wife, Miss Annie Waite, being the leading lady, and one, in all respects of careful study, conscientious effort, pleasing appearance, and versatility, unsurpassed in the city. Mr. Leake has had Mr Owens, M-. Forrest, the Richings Opera Troupe, the German Opera Troupe, the Blondes, " Ri;p Van Winkle" Jefferson, Mr. Leffingwell, Mrs. Lander, Fanny Janauschek, and other distinguished performers in the Academy during his administration. In the fall of 1870 he and Mr. James Dickson leased it, with the Metropolitan, of the proprietors, Butsch & Dickson, and have since been running it, with the Terre Haute Opera House-the Metropolitan being leased, as before stated, for a Varieties establishment-with what success in money remains to be seen. Besides these regular theatres there have been several places of amusement of a more questionable character opened from time to time. A Mrs. English kept up a cheap museum on Washington street for sometime, several years ago, and another, the greatest merit of which was its sign, was maintained in a shed on the corner of Illinois and Georgia streets. The Exchange building on Illinois street was converted into a "music hall" in 1869, which did pretty well with "minstrels" and dances of doubtful decency. In 1870 it was reopened with a similar "show," and drew full houses through the winter till it was closed up by the Young Men's Christian Association, which bought the building for its own use and emptied the theatre, ballet girls, " can-can" and " oil room" into the street. In the winter of 1869, before the Exchange was first opened for this sort of entertainment, a " Varieties" affair of the vilest kind was maintained for a while in Court street, south of the Post office. Both the Masonic Hall and Morrison's Opera Hall have been converted into temporary Theatres at times, and a notice of them will be found in the general history of the city. Among the amusements of earlier days may be mentioned the first "Pleasure Garden," corner of Tennessee and Georgia streets-the site of the present Catholic block-laid out and maintained by John Hodgkins, one of our old restaurant keepers, and earliest ice cream and confectionary makers, who kept on Washington street where Blackford's block now stands. The ground was well set with apple and other fruit trees, and under these seats were made, and bowers built, and flower beds were planted, and a vbry handsome resort created, which was well patronized for two or three summers. It was far superior to anything in the beer garden way we have since had, though the Apollo Garden, on Kentucky avenue, with its trees, bowers, open air theatre, and other attractions, made an approach to it at the outset. Although not exactly an "amusement," no more appropriate place occurs to mention our city brass bands, of which we have had several. Though in these later days they have become a regular occupation and passed out of the province of 152 A M USEMENTS. history, the earlier ones were admired if not cherished objects of city enthusiasms and were quite as much of an " institution" as any place of amusement. The first that ever attained skill enough to be entertaining was the old Indianapolis Band, taught and led by Mr. Protzman, a soap boiler. Its leading members were Edward S. Tyler, the bugler, James McCready, trombone player, Thos. Mc. Baker, another trombone performer, Aaron D. Ohr and James McCord Sharpe, clarionet player. The instruments were obtained by a subscription of the citizens. This band stuck together for some years, and achieved the reputation of considerable proficiency. It played for the Thespian Corps at one time; and provoked some harsh comments thereby from some of the preachers. Later, in 1850, or thereabouts, another band was formed by Mr. George Downie, a more accomplished musician than Mr. Protzman, and was maintained for a time with considerable success. M[r. Downie was the manager of a great band convention held here in 1853, which gave concerts and held a sort of musical tournament for some prize or other. Since that time bands have ceased to be such prominent features of city history, and there is no occasion to trace them further. 153l NEWSPAPERS. ROBABLY no town in the United States ever allowed a newspaper to strike root so speedily and deeply as Indianapolis. It was laid out in 1821, and the first sale of lots were held in October of that year. The population was only about 400, possibly 450. There were no mails, no roads, no water routes, no access to the outside world, and there were no improvements and no population in the adjoining country. The promise-of the means to make a paper either interesting or profitable was about as feeble as can be imagined. But, as stated in the begin ning of this history, the Indianapolis Gazette was started early in the succeeding year, January 28, 1822, and under one name or another remains here to-day, with a reasonable certainty of lasting as long as the city lasts. A sketch of its early history is given in the place where its establishment is noticed and need not be repeated here. Its proprietors were George Smith and Nathaniel Bolton, the latter well known to the citizens of the "middle era," but the former is remembered now only by a few of the oldest settlers or their oldest descendants. Mr. Bolton's wife Mrs. Sarah T. Bolton, now Mrs. Reese, was for many years the only literary character of whom Indiana could boast, and her fame was by no means as wide as her worth, though it has extended since. In 1829, the proprietors, after dissolving partnership in 1823 and reuniting in 1824, separated finally, and Mr. Bolton maintained the paper alone until the fall of 1830. In the spring of that year the Indiana Democrat had been started by Alexander F. Morrison, and the Gazette was sold out to it and consolidated with it, retaining the new name, however. Mr. Morrison was long the most prominent and able editor in the State. Though not a polished, he was a clear, forcible and pungent writer, and particularly effective in the use of sarcasm and personalities, in which he has had few equals. A newspaper in his day was merely a vehicle for the promulgation of political opinions and diatribes, and he was admirably adapted for its work. News was but a little part of its interest or value. Few expected or cared to find any thing more in it than its editor's or correspondents' notions. For the present duty and aim of a paper he might not have been so well suited, though as leading editor of the ,Sentinel in 1856, or thereabouts, he showed no lack of the ready ability necessary to the production of a daily sheet. He alone maintained and conducted the Democrat for some years. Subsequently he was joined by Mr. Bolton, and after a period of joint management he retired, and was succeeded by Mr. John Livingston, who finally purchased Mr. Bolton's interest and took the entire control himself. It was published the greater portion of the time during these changes, in a little brick building, on the site of Temperance Hall, erected for it. This building was fitted up as a theatre in 1841, Mr. Adams and Mrs. Drake played there as noted in the chapter on "Amusements." During the time of Mr. Livingston's sole ownership it was published in the upper story of the frame building where Chapte,r XVfII. -1 MN' t JhtJ~.~LfcsINt( ST~80 ii . Th~tt -~t' ~t ~~ $fJ(%wji~~~~flf jih~~~~j~jf~~{~~) ~ t - VI~ WHY f~'{ dit ff~ 1~gd l;l -1 Li. T 4<-ta '&cy EDUCATIONAL. the efficient grading and successful working of the whole. The Superintendent is assisted by two Principals, one for all the schools north of Washington street, and one for the schools south of that street. There is an additional Principal, who has the general supervision of instruction in the Primary grades. There is also a teacher for all the schools in each of the departments, of vocal music, drawing and gymnastics. A competent mechanic is also employed, who has general charge of supplies and of all minor repairs to the school property. As the value of the school property exceeds $300,000, it requires constant attention and care. The judicious custody of this valuable estate, situated as it is in twelve different locations of the city, keeping it in repair, fit for its uses, comfortable for the children, and free from unnecessary wear and tear, form no small part of the duties of the School Trustees. CLASSIFICATION OF THE ScHOOLS.-The schools are divided into three Departments-PRIMARY, INTE.RMEDIATE, and HIGHI SCHOOL. Each Department is subdivided into four Grades, known, counting in order from the least advanced, as D, C, B and A, Primary; D, C, B and A, Intermediate; and the First, Second, Junior, and Senior years of the High School. The regular time required to complete the course of study in each department is four years, and for each grade one year. The twelve grades, from D, Primary, through the Senior year of the High School, will therefore occupy twelve years. A pupil commencing in the Primary at six years of age, would, if "in course," graduate from the High School at eighteen. Many ambitious and industrious pupils are able to pass the examinations and finish their grades in a shorter period. Some rare pupils can pass two grades a year; more can accomplish three grades in two years. But without "cramming" or overwork, at- ordinary child can finish the regular course within the time prescribed. "IAll ta scholars in the same grade in the different schools are pursuing like studies ~'4ame time, and all are supposed to be equally anxious, at the next annual or semi-annual examination, to graduate into the grade next higher." THE METHODS OF INSTRUCTION.-If our Common School System is a machine, it is a self-adjusting invention, and adapts itself to the wants of the individual child as well as to the requirements of the mass of children. The individuality of each pupil is preserved, and yet all in each grade work in accord and harmony in the same general routine of study. The key-stone of the system is the idea that the child teaches himself. He is neither taught, instructed nor,, crammed." His teacher directs his attention from one object of interest to another. He is so led that he observes, thinks and comes to correct conclusions by the exercise of his own powers. What is learned is thoroughly learned, because it is thought out, not conned by rote. That teacher is most successful whose power is greatest in securing the attention and directing the observation of the pupil. THE RANGE OF INSTRUCTION-PRIMARY DEPARTMENT.- The First Year, the pupils learn objects first, then words representing and describing objects. They next learn to read, and afterward to spell, both by letter and sound. The slate is introduced in the beginning, and the pupil learns to print, to write and to combine numbers, by the use of objects. He also learns the size, form color and uses of familiar objects, and the simple elements of drawing, both inventive and by imitation. Physical exercises, of a few minutes duration, occurring at stated neriods during each day's session, are commenced this year and continued through the years in all the grades. 173 . .. r I IIOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLIS. The Second Year.-Reading, writing and spelling are continued. The words of the spelling lesson are written on the slate. Lessons in language are introduced, and further progress is made in numbers and drawing. The Third Year.-The pupil now reads fluently and understandingly, and both tells and writes readily in his own language the substance of his reading lessons. Writing, both on slate and paper, is continued, and spelling is advanced. The four fundamental rules of arithmetic, where results do not reach thousands, are studied. Drawing is continued, and progressive lessons in language, geography, plants, animals, and objects. The Fourth Year.-Reading, spelling, definition, sentence-making, writing, geography, arithmetic, oral lessons in language, natural history, inventive and map drawing, are the leading exercises of the year. INTERMEDIATE DEPARTMENT.-The First Year, reading is further advanced in the number and difficulty of the objects read, and pupils answer questions based on the lessons. They spell all important words in their reading lessons and several hundred selected words and a limited number of pages from the spelling book in use; and the above, together with punctuation, definition, penmanship, arithmetic, abbreviations, geography, map drawing, inventive drawing, compositions, with oral instruction in language, and classification of plants, are the principal studies of the year. The Second Year.-The same general exercises by advanced steps are continnued. The intermediate arithmetic and the first book of algebra are completed and reviewed, and considerable advance made in the second book of geography; further progress is made in map drawing and in composition. Oral arithmetic, with progressive lessons in larguage and miscellaneous topics, and drawing of leaves, plants, curved lines, etc., are continued. The Third Year.-Reading is further advanced, and the pupil is required to explain the reading lessons and answer questions based on them. Spelling, punctuation, definition, arithmetic to per centage, and penmanship are continued, and Guyot's Common Geography is completed and reviewed. Cutter's First Book of Physiology is completed and reviewed. The practice of English composition, from incidents, or elements, given by the teacher, continues; and the important lessons in language, which, by this time, have become a thorough elementary analysis of the English tongue, are made a leading part of the course. The Fourth Year.-The fourth reader and the spelling book are completed. Three hundred selected words are spelled; and five hundred are defined and placed correctly in English sentences. Arithmetic is continued to mensuration. A textbook on grammar, following and illustrating the language lessons, is completed and reviewed. Anderson's grammar-school history of the United States is completed and reviewed. The analysis of the language, with compositions, is continued. The pupil, having thoroughly mastered the above course, is prepared for THE HIGH SCHOOL.-The First Year.-The range of instruction embraces algebra, Latin, German, the science of common things, composition, book-keeping, reading and spelling, and advanced English grammar, and a further analysis of Language. The Second Year.-Reading and spelling, arithmetic, Latin or German, the the analysis of English words, United States history, book-keeping, natural history, and geometry, are the most important exercises. The Junior Year.-This, and the succeeding year, the studies are more or less 174 EDUCA TIONAL. elective, and embrace a course in geometry, trigonometry, physiology, Latin, German, universal history, natural philosophy, English grammar, botany, and physical geography. Rhetorical exercises and composition are continued. The Senior Year.-The range of studies embraces physical geography, rhetoric, chemistry, Latin, French, Constitution of the United States, astronomy, mental philosophy, English literature, and geology, together with regular exercises in composition and declamation. MUSICAL INSTRUCTION.-In February, 1866, instruction in vccal music was introduced as one of the regular branches of education, and was placed under the control of Mr. George B. Loomis, who has continued in charge of this important department to the present time. All the pupils are taught to sing, and the more advanced pupils to read music. The primary teachers are instructed by the music teacher in the art of teaching music, and by them daily instruction is given to their pupils. In grades above the primary the work is done exclusively by the teacher of music, who gives to each school, in most of the buildings, two half hour lessons each week, and, owing to the number of rooms, but one in some of the intermediate grades. The benefits of the instruction in vocal music during the last five years, are abundantly recognized by all who are acquainted with the progress of the schools. THE HIGH ScHOOL.-This important school is worthy of especial care by reason of its eminent province, as the cap-stone of our school system. Five thousand pupils in the lower schools look to this institution as the summit of their ambition. Many never reach it, but all reach toward it. The present range of study will be seen above. To the minds of many'friends of education, its course of instruction is incomplete. The foundation is probably broad enough, but the structure built thereon admits of further improvement. One of the problems of our school system is whether we shall go beyond the present limits. Must the city of Indianapolis forever say to her young men and young women, who have succesfully finished the four years course prescribed in the High School, and who have prepared a strong foundation for future useful acquirements: "This city can be of no further service to you in obtaining an education-go elsewhere?" Must these pupils, the pride and future hope of our city, be banished from home if they desire to complete a more liberal course of instruction? In addition to the expense and other evils attending the removal of our cultivated pupils from home, and the injustice, in that the rich can go and the poor can not, there is an additional grievance of no small moment. It is, that there is no course of study in our higher institutions of learning which fills out the course of our High School. That course is not designed, primarily, to fit our youth for the regular classes of a college course; but to give them the greatest amount of practical and useful knowledge, adapted to their wants in any position in life. As very few of its students have opportunity, or contemplate taking a regular college course after graduating at the High School, it was deemed best to incorporate into the studies of that school several important branches belonging to each collegiate year Without this a majority of the pupils would have no opportunity of acquiring a knrowledge of some of the most useful and indispensable principlesof science, ethics and general literature; in the absence of which the culture so much desired in the High School would be fragmentary and incomplete. 17,5 , I - HOLL 0 WA YS INDIANAPOLIS. As the office of the Common School embraces only that elementary instruction which is indispensable to all; so the High School should afford to the full that higher education in science, art and literature, which gives special qualification for the more eminent and responsible vocations in life. During the last two years of tbe present course the studies are in part elective. To these should be added from year to year, as needed, such other elective studies as may fit the pupil for his special life work. Indianapolis should be willing, able and proud, to prepare her pupils to enter the sharp competition of business life, and all the varied industries of this busy age, thoroughly fitted to achieve success and distinction. There should be a school of science and art, with a course thorough, rigid, exhaustive, and fully adequate to the instruction of students in the sciences and mechanic arts. The schools are always open to visitors. They belong to the public, and both school officers and teachers expect and desire citizens and strangers to look into them at any time. The public are welcome at all hours; and frequent visitations encourage -both pupil and teacher. The appended statement presents in tabular form, all the important movements of the schools which can be found in the records for eighteen years, from 1853 to 1871. We regret that for the first ten years the record is so incomplete. We also present an interesting exhibit showing the value of the school property and capacity of the buildings: TRUSTvEES AND SUPERINTENDENTS FROM 1853 TO 1871.-From 1853 to 1861, the Board of Trustees was elected by the Common Council. From 1861 to 1864, the Board was elected by the people, one from each ward; and from 1865 to 1871, the Trustees were again appointed by the Council.. In June, 1871, a Board of School Commissioners, one from each School District, was elected by the people. 1853. —Henry P. Coburn, Calvin Fletcher, H. F. West. School Director-The City Clerk. 1854.-H. P. Coburn, Calvin Fletcher, John B Dillon, William Sheets. Director-The City Clerk. 1855.-Calvin Fletcher, David Beaty, James M. Ray. School Superintendent -Silas T. Bowen. 1856.-Calvin Fletcher, David Beaty, D. V. Oulley. Superintendent-George B. Stone. 1857.-D. V. Culley, N. B. Taylor, John Love. Superintendent-George B. Stone. 1858-1859.-D.V.Culley, John Love, David Beaty. Director-James Greene, 1860.-Caleb B. Smith, Lawrence M. Vance, Cyrus C. Hines. DirectorJames Greene. 1861-1862.-Oscar Kendrick, D. V. Culley, James Greene, Thomas B. Elliott, James Sulgrove, Lewis W. Hasselman, Richard O'Neal. Director-Geo. W. Hoss. 1863-1864.-James H. Beall, D. V. Culley, I. H. Roll, Thomas B. Elliott, Lucien Barbour, James Sulgrove, Alexander Metzger, Charles Coulon, Andrew May, Herman Lieber. Superintendent-A. C. Shortridge. 1865-1866-1867-1868.-Thomas B. Elliott, William H. L. Noble, Clemens Vonnegut. Superintendent-A. C. Shortridge. 1869-1870.-William H. L. Noble, James C. Yohn, John R. Elder. Superintendent-A. C. Shortridge. 176 SD UCA TIO6AL. THiE SCHOOL PROPERTY.-The estimated value of improvements includes buildings, fences and furniture. First District School House-Corner of Vermont and New Jersey streets. Capacity for 232 pupils; value of lot and improvements, $13,500. Second District School House-Corner of Delaware and Walnut streets. Capacity for 728 pupils; value of lot and improvements, $70,000. Third District School House-New York street, between Illinois and Tennes'see. Capacity for 296 pupils; value of lot and improvements, $13,000. Fourth District School House-Market street, between West and California. Capacity for 220 pupils; value of lot and improvements, $10,500. Fourth District New School House-Corner of Michigan and Blackford streets. 'Capacity for 592 pupils; value of lot and improvements, $38,000. Fifth District School House-Maryland street, between Mississippi and the Canal. Capacity for 280 pupils; value of lot and improvements, $13,000. Fifth District New School House (" Colony"-.Root street, between West and White River. Capacity for 100 pupils; value of lot and improvements, $5,500. Sixth District School House-Pennsylvania street, between South and Merrill. Capacity for 110 pupils; value of lot and improvements, $10,000. Sixth District New School House-Union street, between Merrill and McCarty. Capacity for 848 pupils; value of lot and improvements, $51,500. Seventh District School House-East street, north of Louisiana. Capacity for 112 pupils; value of lot and improvements, $7,500. Eighth District School House-Virginia avenue, corner of Huron street. Capacity for 396 pupils; value of lot and improvements, $15,500. Ninth District New School House-Corner of Michigan and Davidson streets. Capacity for 550 pupils; value of lot and improvements, $38,000. High School Building-Corner of Circle and Market streets. Capacity for 270 pupils; value of property, $25,000. Value of school property recently added to the city, $25,000. Total valuation, $336,000. Total capacity of buildings, 4,734 pupils. 177 I-,2 SUMM'ARY OF STATISTICS OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS FOR EIGHTEEN YEARS FROM 1853 TO 1871. * w . 9 2 4 Is 5 - ~ V,_ m) 0 I0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. C) 00 aD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C aags Pa Pi 5-,~ X. a _ 4= c3 E. z -H C? . I 0T , 9 '- The Census from 1854 to 1865, included all white persons between five and twenty-one years; from 1866 to I871, all between the ages of six and twenty-one; and since 1870, all white and colored persons between the last mentioned ages. o U) A.2 . le *z " . 3 PI 0 0 ao 0 0 DO a aa a ana .- -'0 - ca a:o a.u a aD 1853..........................8 10................................. $75...............................f Cily Clerk, acting School Director. t City Clerk, acting School Director. 1 Salaries are based on the rate per annum for a full School year of forty weeks. Superintendent was also Principal of the High School. High School suspended until 1864. t $+ No free Schools-Scho(ol Houses rented. 2 From 1858 to 1863, the Executive Officer of the Board was called the "Director.'? His pay was $250 during vacation and $500 during term time. i1 6i This falling off in the Census is ascribed to the minimum age being increased by one year (six and twenty-one years,) and in part to incomplete returns. ...~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~......... .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $600 500o 500 500, .................. .*.............. 4:OO 400 400 to 6 00 .................. .... ~.............. 300 to 600 .................. 600 to 7 00 .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ........... .................. 500 to. 62(i .................. .................. ............... ..........I........ Two Principals only appointed one for the Districts North and one for the Districts South of Washington street. 1 i Includes the first enumeration of Colored persons of School age, being 12,382 white and 831 colored. 831 colored. I I GCI . 0 .t E.5 0. 0 . W 0 I. 0 0 ,.0 ,. In rz. :z. , 4 El ............. ............. ............. 4,,522 ............ ............ ............ ............ ... U. . 'Fi ............ ............ 11,306 ............. 28,016 31,512 ............. 57,589 ............ 9 I i5 x ,z .Z e .,2 bL It'S 1. 't4 0 1 d 4 0 ,.Q 4 0 . le 4 gL = 0 - -d 1. le . 4 w In 11 0 , 4 It. - d , E-4 I " -,,,. 1, ,;g bo g It I I . 0 I 3)ATE.. -1853 1854 1855 1,856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1260 ............ ............ ............ 36 605 45:824 ............ 5 ............ 51 639 58:142 ............ 3901 4504 4338 4739 4934 5178 4803 4965 ............. 6 ............ ............ ............. ............. 9177 9025 9692 ............. ........... ............ 13,213 ............ 8 11 22 30 39 t t t t 20 21 22 ......... .... ......... ......... .... w. ......... .... 40 40 ......... .... w. ......... ....:W. 40 10 19 20 28 30 ........ 29 29 ........ ....... ........ 3 44 . 62 ........ ... i. ........ ... ii. 103 040 2374 4149 4949 2602 3250 3549 67 801 600 2361 3099 ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 64.8,6 ........... 92. 94.2 95. ........... .......... 2 573 2:825 3, 037 ............. 15 2,265 2,363 ............. ............. 2,834 ............ 1250 ............ ............ ... . i . 6:197 10,500 ............. ............ ............ t $7,5 t 75 400 1,300 1,300 2.50 250 500 500 500 ........... .......... 1,000 ........... ........... ........... 2,000 2,000 ........... ........... 2:400 ........... 1:000 ............ ............ ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1:250 1,500 .......... 1,600 ........... 1:600 ............ ............... $25' 300 300 300 .................. 2 200 200 to 340 .................. to .................. ........... 240 to 1.60 ........... 360 to 376 ................... ................... ............ 400 400 to 600 .................. 0 .................. 400 to 600 .................. t4 I 10 t, 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 ZD UOATIONAL. N6RTHWIESTERq CHRISTIAN UNIYERSITY. The site of this institution is in the northeastern suburb of the city, near the terminus of the Street Railway, and about two miles from the Circle Park. It is conducted under the auspices of the Christian denomination. The charter of the University was granted by the General Assembly of Indiana in January, 1850, and provides for the formation of a joint stock company, with a capital of not less than $95,000, nor more than $500,000; to be divided into shares of $100 each; two-thirds of the amount of the stock to be set apart for an endowment fund. Under this charter the requisite amount of stock was subscribed; and in July, 1852, the company was organized by the election of the first Board of Directors. The institution was opened on the 1st of November, 1855; and has had a steady, sure growth. Tbe capital stock of the company now amounts to about $170,000; of which, in accordance with the charter, two-thirds is in the endowment fund, and is advantageously invested, so as to sustain the institution. The collegiate year begins about the middle of September, and closes about the last of June; being divided into three terms of about thirteen weeks each. The system of instruction consists of a Collegiate Course of four years; a Preparatory Course of two years, in which students are prepared for the collegiate course; and a Primary Department, called the "Academic Course," of which Mrs... E. J. Price is Principal. Thie regular Course is substantially that of the oldest and most efficient Colleges in the East. The Law Department was recently organized, and its first term commenced. the 16th of January, 1871. This Department has three chairs, filled by Hon. Byron K. Elliott, Charles P. Jacobs., Esq., and Hon., Charles H. Test. The institution also has a Commercial Department, to qualify students for business pursuits; of which C. E. Hlollenbeck, Esq., an accomplished teacher in thisq important branch of instruction, is Principal. The Musical Department; in which students are taught the principles of vocal and instrumental music, is under the charge of Prof. H. J. Schonacker, a gentle — man of superior qualifications as a musical instructor. The number of students in attendance during the present term is about three hundred. One of the first colleges in the West to abandon the old-time policy of excluding female students from collegiate advantages was the Northwestern Christian University. During. the year just closing about sixty female students have attended the University; and all its students enjoy equal rights, privileges and opportunities, irrespective of sex. There are four Societies, composed of members of the institution, each, having' handsome halls: the M-athesian, Pythonian, Athenian (the members of which are - female students,) and the Philocurian. Of these the first three are literary, and, the last is religious. The edifice, (of which a large portion of the original design is yet unbuilt,) is in the Gothic style of architecture. Its principal material is brick, handsomelytrimmed with dressed stone, and the whole building is at once tasteful and I commodious. It is proposed to commence the erection of: the remaining portions 179 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. of the building, and so complete the original design, during the present year; which will make it perhaps the largest and most elegant college edifice in the West. The completed building will have the following dimensions: Length, three hundred and eighty feet; greatest depth, one hundred and forty feet; height, four stories. The site of the institution embraces an area of twenty-five acres, the whole forming a large and beautiful grove within the corporate limits of the city, and valued at $100,000. Stately forest trees adorn the site and assist in making the institution pleasant and attractive-a persuasive and congenial spot to the student of even ordinary appreciation of beautiful surroundings. The value of the present building is about $75,000; that of the completed buildings will be more than double this amount. Faculty.-Rev. W. F. Black, A. M., President, and Professor of Hebrew and Syriac; W. AI. Thrasher, A. M., Vice President, and Professor of Mathematics; S. K. Hoshour, A. M., Professor of the Greek Language and Literature, and of Biblical Literature; A. Fairhurst, A. M., Professor of Natural Science; H. W. Wiley, A. M., M.D., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature; Miss Catharine Merrill, A. M., Professor of English Literature, (Demia Butler chair;) M. Manny, A. M., Professor of French; Professor H. J. Schonacker, Principal of the Musical Department; Professor C. E. Hollenbeck, Principal of the Commercial Department; J. W. Lowber, A. B., Tutor in Greek; D. L. Thomas, A. B, Tutor in Latin; E. T. Lane, A. B., Tutor in Latin; J. Q. Thomas, A. B., Tutor in Mathematics; J.H. Roberts, A. B., Tutor in English Literature; Mrs. E. J. Price, Principal of the Academic Department. Law Department,-Hon. Charles H. Test, Judge Byron K. Elliott, and Charles P. Jacobs, Esq., Professors. INDIANAPOLIS YOUNG LADIES' INSTITUTE. This Institution is advantageously located, on the northeast corner of Pennsylvania and Michigan streets' The Institute was founded, and is conducted, by the Baptist denomination. It was feunded in 1858, in the belief that there was a need for such an institution under the auspices of that denomination in this State; and that Indianapo!is possessed, in its extent and most accessible location, in its intellectual and social aspects, and in its healthfulness, the best advantages for such an institution. The success of the enterprise has justified this belief and action of its founders. To establish the Institute a joint stock company, called the "Indianapolis Educational Association," was formed in 1858, who secured the above site. The Association being as yet without financial standing, it was found necessary that personal credit be pledged for the fulfillment of the contracts entered into; and Revs. .J. B. Simmons and M. G. Clarke, with Messrs. J. R. Osgood and James Turner, of this city, became personally responsible for the payment of $16,000, the purchase money, ten years from that time, with annual interest until maturity. The work ,of building up the Institute was at once vigorously begun. The Association gen erously resolved that the proceeds of the school, if any, should be devoted, after the school was placed on a firm foundation, to the gratuitous education of the daughters of indigent clergymen. The stockholders retained for themselves only the right to determine the general management of the Institute, without thought ,of personal gain. Rev. Gibbon Williams, a man of large experience and proven worth, was I " 80 ED UCA TIONAL. selected as the General Superintendent; and his daughter, Miss Emily Williams, an accomplished educator, was the first Principal of the school. Under their direction, with the aid of very valuable assistants, the school advanced, with varying fortunes, for four years. But its legitimate income was small. The money paid by subscribers was soon exhausted by accruing interest and necessary improvements; and the work moved slowly, as such enterprises, however worthy, are apt to do. In the year 1862, Rev. C. W. Hewes, a graduate of Brown University, and a gentleman of nearly twenty years experience in public life, became virtually the proprietor of the school. Under the management of Professor Hewes, the Institute prospered to such a degree that its accommodations soon became inadequate; and it was found necessary to enlarge the building, at a cost of nearly $8,000. Soon afterward the site was enlarged, at an additional cost of $5,000. In 1866, the growth and prosperity of the institution demanded a further enlargement of the building, at a cost of $14,000: making the total cost of the buildings and site to that date, $53,000. The friends of the Institute take pleasure in knowing that all this expenditure has been eventually a profitable investment; for, leaving out of consideration the benefits of the enterprise as an instrument of education, the property would, to-day, bring an increase over what it has cost. On -a beautiful site of one and one fourth acres, in one of the most valuable localities in the city, the Association now have an institution of learning creditable to themselves and to the city. More than $40,000 have been paid on the property; and the Association expect soon to extinguish the remainder of the debt. Under the administration of Professor Hewes the Institute attained a high state of efficiency and popularity. It has graduated many accomplished young ladies, who furnish in their own attainments convincing evidences of the excellence of the Institution. The Trustees, not content with' the success already secured, are laboring to increase the advantages and enhance the popularity of the Institute. They propose that it shall no longer be conducted as a private enterprise in any sense; feeling that it will be more largely useful when administered solely in the interest-of the great cause of education. In the belief that educated ladies are better adapted to the duties of preceptors in female colleges, the Trustees engaged a corps of competent lady instructors; and now feel more fully justified than ever before in inviting patronage of their institution, as one capable of satisfying in an eminent degree the requirements of a first class Female College. In the language of Professor J. R. Boise, of the University of Chicago, the conditions of a superior institute, "which shall be as nearly like a well-regulated home as possible; where my daughter, above all, shall be safe; where she will be kindly treated; where only kind words are heard, and where courteous manners, without affectation, prevail; where the instruction in all branches of learning is thorough; and where Christian influences are constant and all-pervading, are very fully real ized in the Young Ladies' Institute of Indianapolis." The Institute is at present under the control of the following Board of Trustees-Rev. Henry Day, President; Samuel C. Hanna, Secretary; H. Knippenberg, Treasurer; E. C. Atkins, Esq.; Rev. W. Elgin; E. J. Foster, 181 HOLLOVWA Y'S INDTANAPOLIS. Esq.; John A. Ferguson, Esq.; Dr. H. C. Martin; Aaron McCrea, Esq.; J. R. Osgood, Esq.; Wm. C. Smock, Esq. And the following Board of Instruction-Rev. L. Hayden, D. D., Superintendent; Mrs. M. J. P. Hayden, Principal; Miss C. F. Barney, Miss Rebecca I. Thompson, Miss H. MI. Williams. Miss Esther Boise, Teacher of Ancient and Modern Languages; Mrs.. Sarah S. Starling, Teacher of Painting, etc.; Miss Leonora Cole, Teacher of Music; Miss L. D. Hawley, Matron. ROMAN CATHOLIC SCHOOLS. St. John's Academyffor Girls, under the charge of the Sisters of Providence of the Catholic Church, located at the corner of Tennessee and Georgia streets, was established in 1859. It is a graded school, conducted by Sister Ann Cecelia Buell, as Superior, and ten teachers. The course is comprehensive, including the usual English studies, practical mathematics, the various branches of natural science, French and German, music, drawing, etc. The year is divided into two terms; beginning on the first Monday in September, and ending with the month of June. The school has now about three hundred and twenty-five pupils. St. John,'s Schoolfor Boys, is conducted by the Brothers oy the Sacred Heart; with Brother Aloysius, as Superior, assisted by five teachers. The average attendance is about two hundred. Saint Mary's School for Boys has about one hundred pupils. Saint Mary's Academy for Girls, is under the charge of the Sisters of St. Francis; has seven teachers and about two hundred pupils. St. Patrick's Schoolfor Boys, under the care of the Brothers of the Sacred Heart, has four teachers and one hundred and fifty pupils. Connected with St. Patrick's parish is, also, the Novitiate of the Brothers of the Sacred Heart, a training school for teachers, open only to members of the Brotherhood; having three preceptors and twenty students at this time. St. Patrick's Schoolfor Girls,'is conducted by Mrs. L. A. Kealing, and has about sixty pupils. GERMAN PROTESTANT PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS. Zion's church, orae hundred and eighty pupils; St. Paul's (German Evangelical,) two hundred and forty pupils; Second German Reformed, one hundred pupils. GERMAN ENGLISH SCHOOLS. A very extensive institution of this description is located at 122, East Maryland street, and is now in its twelfth year. It was founded, and is supported, by German citizens of Indianapolis; and its object as stated by the Principal is, that the children of German citizens may have the requisite facilities for instruction in the German as well as the English language. Its corps of instructors consists of one Principal and six assistant teachers. The principal is Professor George A. Schmidt. The present number of pupils is about three hundred. The school is sustained by the subscriptions of about one hundred German citizens, constituting an Association, and by the tuition fees. The school property of the Association is worth about $25,000. Professor Mueller is also proprietor of a large and flourishing German-,English sch6ol, located on East Ohio street. 182 - EDUCATIONAL. BUSINESS COLLEGES. The Indianapolis Practical Business, Military, and Lecture College-Is the title of an institution consolidated with the Bryant' Stratton Business College a few months ago, and organized by an association of prominent cit'zens of this city. It is in successful operation, and, when it has fully occupied its proposed field of instruction, as it gives good,promise of doing, will be a most important institution. Its general plan comprehends "a college of specialties, or a number of special institutions under one management; a large business school, and shortly a scientific school, a law school, and perhaps other special schools. The intention is to extend the field of the business college so as to give instruction in everything relating to the business transactions which may arise in connection with any pursuit of life, all kinds of business records, forms, calculations, correspondence, and the customs and laws of business; also instruction in all the purely practical branches, physical training by military drill, and a system of daily lectures." The Board of Directors is constituted as follows:-Dr. R. T. Brown, William C. Tarkington, Esq, Col. James P. Harper, Calvin A. Elliott, Esq., Alexander L. Southard, John Fishback, Esq., Austin H. Brown, Esq., Hon Byron K. Elliott, Hon. Daniel Macauley. The officers are:-Dr. R. T. Brown, President; Calvin A. Elliott, Esq., Vice President; Alexander L. Southard, Secretary and General Superintendent of Col,lege; Austin H. Brown, Esq., Treasurer. Location, corner of Meridian and Maryland streets. Professor C. Koerner & Co. are the conductors of a Business College, located in Glenn's block. ! 183 I BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETIES. Brief mention has already been made, in the general historical portion of this volume, of the various Benevolent Institutions located in or near this city., The ensuing pages will now give a more particular description of these. THE INDIANA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE) One of the most efficient and successfully administered institutions of the kind' in the country, is beautifully located two and a half miles west of the city, on the continuation of Washington street. It was founded by an act of the General Assemof the State in 1847. The administration of the institution is under the general direction and supervision of a Board of Commissioners, now composed of three gentlemen,namely. Dr. P. H. Jameson, of Indianapolis, President; and Dr. James H. Woodburn, and John M. Caldwell, Esq., of Indianapolis. The other principal officers consist of a Superintendent, two Physicians, a Steward and a Matron. The institution was opened for the reception of patients in 1848. The main building consists of a central building and two wings. The latter extend from each end of the center structure laterally and backward, giving to the front a broken, receding range. The entire linear extent of the edifice is 624 feet. The three principal paris of the building, as it now stands, were erected at as many different periods: the center, in 1847-8; the south wing in 1853-6; and the north in 1866-9. Each addition has had the effect to somewhat impair the architectural symmetry and unity of the original design. The structure is built of brick, trimmed with dressed stone. Its architecture, though it cannot strictly be classed with any distinct order, may appropriately be termed a modification of the Plain Doric. The Doric is dimly shown in the square columnar projections on the corners and faces of the walls, rising from the basement story to the entablature, and surmounted by capitals in imitation of that order. The architrave, frieze, and cornice more nearly correspond with the Doric than any other style. All the principal elevations, though modified in the details of the wings, have the same generalt features. The cornice elevation of the center and of the first principal sections, is 57 feet. The center building is surmounted by an octagonal belvidere 17 feet in diameter; and in height 36 feet from the superior line of the roof. The elevation to the top of the balustrade on the belvidere, is 103 feet. The center building has five stories, inclusive of basement and a superior or half story. The basement is used for store rooms, etc.; the second story for offices,, public parlor, dispensary, officers dining room, etc.; the third and fourth stories for private rooms for the Superintendent and other officers; and the fifth story is occupied by the female employes. The wings &re three and four stories in height, and are entirely occupied by 4DI J I jj 44~jr I BENEVFOLENT INSTITUTIONS. wards for the patients. The entire capacity of the wards is about five hundred patients. Forty-four feet in the rear of the center building, and connected with it by a wooden corridor three stories in height, is the chapel building, 50x60 feet, the first floor of which contains the general kitchen, bakery, dining rooms for the employes, etc.; the second, the steward's office, sewing room, rooms for employes, etc.; and the third floor is entirely occupied by the chapel, having seating accommodations for three hundred persons. Immediately in the rear of the chapel building is the engine building, 60x50 feet; the first floor of which contains the requisite boilers for heating all of the buildings throughout, and the pumps of the water-works-connected with which are six fire-plugs to furnish hose attachments in case of a ifre breaking out. The second floor is occupied by the laundry, and the third by rooms for the male employes. Additional to the foregoing buildings, is a carpenter shop, 30x50 feet, and two stories in height, containing the ordinary machinery, etc. The north wing was constructed under the direction of the present Board of Commissioners, and is superior in its style, workmanship and adaptation to its uses. The south wing and portions of the ce,nter would bear some remodeling and improvements. The entire building is lighted by gas. It has complete water works, of the Holly system, for supplying water throughout the institution, and for the extinguishment of fires, should occasion arise; also, an approved apparatus for forced upward ventilation. The grounds of the institution consist of 160 acres-the buildings being situated near the center, on a slight eminence. Of this area, about 40 acres are set apart for the immediate grounds surrounding the bui]dings; they are liberally adorned with shade trees, shrubbery, etc.; and are suitably laid out'with walks, drives, etc. Twenty acres are contained in a forest grove; and the remainder is used for agricultural purposes, being tilled by the patients. The original cost of these grounds was but $4,000. They are now worth, at a low estimate, $50,000. Under its managment for several years past, the institution has attained a superior degree of efficiency and usefulness — "worthy alike of the wealth, intelligence and humanity of its patrons, the people of the State." During the year ending October 31st, 1870, 792 patients were under treatmenta much larger number than during any previous year; and indicative, not so muck of an unusual increase in insanity, as of the increased capacity of the institution. During the same time, 317 patients were discharged; of whom 187 were restored; 19 improved; and 59 not improved. There were 51 deaths during the year. The increasing demands on the institution necessitate the enlargement of the south wing at an early day, at an estimated cost of $50,000. The expenditures during the past year were $122,745.96. During the past 22 years, 4,431 patients have been treated in the institution;, in regard of whom the following statistics are of interest: Former Occupation-Males.-Bakers, 6; Bankers, 2; Brewers, 2; Brickmakers, 5; Blacksmiths, 39; Butchers, 7; Clerks, 49; Carpenters, 56; Coopers, 21A; Clergymen, 18; Contractor, 1;, Cabinet makers, 10;, Cigar makers, 3; Confectioner, 1; .185 Chair makers, 4; County officers, 5; Daguerrean artists, 3; Dentists, 3; Druggist, 1; Editors, 2; Engineers, 4; Farmers, 1,291; Fullers, 5; Foundrymen, 4; Gunsmiths, 8; Hatters 3; Hotel keepers, 3; Hunters, 2; Harness makers, 4'; Laborers, 226; Lawyers, 9; Locksmiths, 2; lMechanics, 9; Merchants, 61; Miners, 4; Musicians, 2; Machinists, 7; Manufacturers, 34; Millers, 19; Millwrights, 2; No occupation, 64; Physicians, 17; Plasterers, 22; Pump makers, 3; Printers, 9; Painters, 15; Peddlers, 6; Potters, 3; Railroad men, 7; Shoemakers, 30; Slater, 1; Stone masons, 3; Saloon keepers, 3; Steamboatmen, 2; Saddlers, 8; Soldiers, 36; Students, 16; Tanners, 3; Telegrapher, 1J Teachers, 28; Tailors, 24; Tinners, 6; Traders, 9; Tragedian, 1; Upholsterers, 1; Wagon makers, 15; Weavers, 7; Watchmakers, 5; Watchmen, 3 Females-Actress, 1; Housework, 1,982; Mantua maker, 16; No occupation, 52; Paper makers, 2; School girls, 33; Tailoresses, 29; Teachers, 41. Ages of Patients when Admitted-Under 20 years, 396; from 20 to 25 years, 688; from 25 to 30 years, 723; from 30 to 35 years, 624; from.35 to 40 years, 558; from 40 to 45 years, 423; from 45 to 50 years, 404; from 50 to 55 years, 277; from 55 to 60 years, 144; from 60 to 65 years, 106; from 65 to 70 years, 50; from 70, to 75 years, 32; from 80 to 85 years, 4; from 85 to 90 years, 2. The present officers are: President of the Board of Commissioners, Dr. P. H. Jameson; Commissioners, John M. Caldwell and Dr. James H. Woodburn.; Superintendent, Dr. Orpheus Evarts; Physicians, Drs. W. W. Hester and W. J. Elstun; Steward, Charles H. Test; Matron, Mrs. Mary Evarts. The officers and employes number nearly one hundred. The succession of Superintendents has been as follows: Dr. John Evans, Dr. - Patterson, Dr. James S. Athon, Dr. James H, Woodburn, Dr. Wilson Lockhart, Dr. Orpheus Evarts, the present Superintendent. The whole cost of the buildings and grounds has been about $375,000-a much less sum than their real value to-day. It would require $600,000, perhaps, to purchase the site and erect and furnish such a hospital, if required at this time. THE INDIANA INSTITUTE FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE BLIND, Is situated very nearly in the center of the most beautiful section of the city. Its site occupies the space of two city blocks, an area of eight acres; bounded on the south by North street; on the west, by Meridian; on the north, by Walnut; on the east by Pennsylvania. The Institute was founded by an Act of the General Assembly, in 1847, and was first opened, in a rented building, on the first of October of that year. The permanent buildings were completed, and first occupied, in the month of February, 1853. The original cost of buildings and grounds, was $110,000; their present valuation is $300,000. The principal edifice is composed of a center building, having a front of ninety feet, and a depth of sixty-one feet, and is five stories in height; together with two four story wings, each thirty feet in front, by eightythree feet in depth: making a total frontage of one hundred and fifty feet. Each of these sections of the building is surmounted by a handsome cupola, of the Corinthian order of architecture. The building is mainly constructed of brick, stuccoed in imitation of sand-stone: the basement story being faced with sand-stone ashler, rustic-jointed. The portico of the center building, and verandas on the fronts and sides of the wings, are of sand-stone: the former thirty feet wide by thirty five feet deep, and extending to the top of the third story. The portico and corni. ces of the building are of the Ionic order. 186 HOLLO WA Y'S INDIA NA POLIS. I'I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I — I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ zl~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I -> ill~ I I*K - U K~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~I ED______ ii ~~x -_____ ii ~ ~~ II' I w I,, .r. I - I I, I BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. In addition to the main structure and usual out-buildings, there is a plain three story brick building, forty by sixty feet, containing the work-shops for the several trades of the pupils. The number of pupils in attendance during' the past year was one hundred and seven; of whom forty-six were males, and sixty- one females. The corps of officers and instructors is composed as follows: Trustees.-P. H. Jameson, President, John Beard, Cass Byfield; Secretary, H. W. Ballard; Superintendent, W. H. Churchman; Teachers in Literary Department, Albert Stewart, Miss S. A. Scofield, Mrs. C. C. Wynn, Miss Kate C. Landis, Miss Mary Maloney; Teachers in Music Department, R. A. Newland, D. Newland; Teachers in Handicraft Department, J. W. Bradshaw, Mrs. S. J. Ballard; Household Officers, J. M. Kitchen, M. D., Physician, H. W. Ballard, Steward, Mrs. A. C. Landis, Matron, Mrs. S. J. Ballard, Girl's Governess. The Superintendents of the Institution have been: W. H. Churchman, from October, 1, 1847, to September 30, 1853; George W. Ames, from October 1, 1853, to September 30, 1855; William C. Larrabee, from October 1, 1855, to January 31, 1857; James McWorkman, from February 1, 1857, to September 10, 1861; W. H. Churchman, the present Superintendent, reappointed October 10, 1861. The annual appropriation for its maintainance, is about $30,000. The grounds are handsomely adorned, the government of the Institution excellent, and its efficiency second to none of the kind in the country. The engraving on another page gives a correct view of the building. INDIANA INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. This Institution was authorized by an Act of the General Assembly in 1844. Its location is particularly beautiful, in the eastern suburb of the city, just south of Washington street. The Institute, proper, consists of three buildings connected by corridors. Two of these buildings were erected in 1848-9; the third in 1869-70. The front building has a facade of two hundred and sixty feet; and contains the offices, library, general study rooms, officers' and teachers' rooms, and the dormitories for the pupils. The center of this building is eighty by fiftyfour feet, and five stories high; the lateral wings sixty by thirty feet, and three stories in height; the transverse wings, thirty by fifty feet and four stories high. The middle building contains the store-rooms, kitchen, laundry, bakery, dining-halls, servants' rooms, hospital, and several school-rooms. It is three stories high: the center being forty by eighty feet; and the wings thirty-two by seventy feet. The rear building contains the chapel and ten school-rooms. It is two stories high; the center being fifty feet square; and the wings forty by twenty feet. In addition to the above described buildings there are others, detached from them, containing the engine house, wash-house, and the shops for the Industria1 Department. The aggregate cost of the buildings has been $220,000. The grounds comprise one hundred and five acres, worth $1000 per acre. The grounds more directly surrounding the buildings are beautifully laid off in walks, and drives, and are elaborately ornamented with shrubbery and forest trees; and contain, also, a flower garden with conservatory. Appropriate spaces are devoted to the purposes of an orchard, a vegetable garden, and play grounds for the pupils. The remainder, and principal area, is laid off in pasture and farm lots. Altogether it is one of the most beautiful spots in or about Indianapolis; and 187 HOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLIS. must go far to make those for whose benefit it was ordained forget their misfortunes, in the scenes of beauty about them; It reflects the largest credit on the State that founded and has maintained this noble charity; and on the efficiency of the successive managements that have so beautified and adorned the place. Nor have the efforts of officers and teachers to make the Institution useful-in respect of the intellectual and moral welfare of those committed to their care-been less successful, than the pains taken to make the grounds ornamental. The number of pupils in attendance during the past year was two hundred and sixty-four. The principal officers of the Institute are: Dr. P. H. Jameson, President; Dr. J. M. Kitchen and W. R. Hogshire, Trustees; Thomas Mac Intire, Superintendent; Dr. F. S. Newcomer, Physician. The following are the Instructors in the Intellectual Department: Horace S. Gillett, A. M., William H. Latham, A. M., M.D., Walter W. Angus, Sidney J. Vail, H. N. Mac Intire, William N. Burt, A.M., John L. Houdyshell, Naomi S. Hiatt, Eugene W. Wood, Sarah C. Williams; Teacher of Articulation, Joseph C. Gordon, A. M. The first Instructor in the Institution was William Willard, a deaf mute, who was employed in 1844, at a salary of $800 per annum. Mr. Willard had previously conducted a small school for the instruction of deaf mutes in this citv. He acted as Principal to the Institution until July, 1845; and was succeeded by J. S. Brown, who served as Principal until July 7, 1853. The latter was succeeded by the present Superintendent, Thomas Mac Intire; who, for seventeen years, has most efficiently discharged his responsible duties. The annual appropriation for its support has for several years been $44,000. INDIANA FEMALE PRISON AND REFORMATORY. This Institution is one of the fruits of the recent agitation for Prison Reform, and of the progress lately made in that field, It had its origin in that wise benevolence that having long noted the defects of the prison system, in its relation to the management and care of female inmates, in 1869 began that agitation for reform in this respect, which resulted in attracting considerable attention to such defects, and in stimulating philanthropy to labor for their correction. The attention of Governor Baker was attracted to the subject of Prison Reform, in which he became very much interested; and to the interest and investigation given the subject by him, is due the first practical step taken toward realizing the idea of the present Inridiana Female Prison and Reformatory. To this end he drafted a Bill; and the Legislature endorsed the Governor's recommendation by giving it the authority of a statute. The following extracts from the Act of the Legislature are here quoted, as best explaining the nature and objects of the Institution: "As soon as the Penal Department of the institution created by this act shall be ready for the reception of inmates, it shall be the duty of the warden of said State Prison, upon the order of the Governor, to transfer and convey to the institution created by this act all the female convicts who may then be confined in said prison, and deliver them to the Superintendent of said institution, with a certified statement in writing, signed by such warden, setting forth the name of each convict, the court by which, and the offence of, and for which she was convicted and sentenced, the date of the sentence, the term of the court at which sentence was pronounced, and the term for which said convict was sentenced, which certified statement in writing shall be sufficient authority for the confinement of such con 188 BENEVOLENT IANSTITUTIONS. vict in the institution created by this act, for the portion of the term of such convict which may be and remain unexpired at the time when she shall be transferred to said institution as aforesaid." The provisions with regard to the Reformatory Department declare that: "Whenever said institution shall have been proclaimed to be open for the reception of girls in the Reformatory Department thereof, it shall be lawful for said Board of Managers to receive into their care and management, in the said Reformatory Department, girls under the age of fifteen years, who may be committed to their custody, in either of the following modes, to-wit: First.-When committed by any Judge of a Circuit or Common Pleas Court, either in term time or in vacation, on complaint and due proof by the parent or guardian, that by reason of her incorrigible or vicious conduct, she has rendered her control beyond the power of such parent or guardian, and made it mnanifestly requisite that from regard to the future welfare of such infant, and for the protection of society, she should be placed under such guardianship. Second.-When such infant shall be committed by such judge as aforesaid, upon complaint by any citizen, and due proof of such complaint, that such infant is a proper subject for the guardianship of said institution, in consequence of her vagrancy or incorrigible or vicious conduct, and that from moral depravity or otherwise.of her parent or guardian, in whose custody she may be, such parent or guardian is incapable or unwilling to exercise the proper care or discipline over such incorrigible or vicious infant. Third.-When such infant shall be committed by such judge as aforesaid, on complaint and due proof therecf, by the Township Trustee of the townshipiwhere such infant resides, that such infant is destitute of a suitable home and of adequate means of obtaining an honest living, or that she is in danger of being brought up to lead an idle and immoral life." By authority of the Act creating the institution, the Governor appointed Hon. E. B. Martindale, of this city, (who has been succeeded by James Mi. Ray, of this city,) Ashael D. Stone, of Winchester, (who has been succeeded by Dr. Armstrong, of Carroll county,) and Joseph I. Irwin, of Columbus, a Board of Managers. These gentlemen secured the service of Isaac Hodgson, of this city, who drafted a plan for the proposed prison, which was accepted; but by reason of the fact that the appropriation for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the act, amounted to only $50,000, the entire plan could not be fully carried out at present. The building, now nearly completed, is situated just north of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, between it and the Arsenal, and presents quite a commanding appearance when viewed from the National road. It is a two story brick, with a basement and Mansard roof. It will be one hundred and seventy-four feet long, and is composed of a main building with side wings, and traverse wings at either end. The latter are to have a length of one hundred and nine feet. Standing in front of the cantral portion of the building, is a dwelling house three stories high, with a basement, ,which will be occupied by the Superintendent and officers of the Institution, and connects with the Reformatory by a passage way on the first floor. A building in the rear, and connecting with the Reformatory in the basement and first story by passage ways, will be occupied by a large boiler room and oath rooms. A brick ventilating stack seventy feet high will be located here. The style of architecture is "Utilitarian," and exhibits excellent taste on the 189 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. part of the architect, and practical knowledge of the requirements of such an institution. . Although the present edi.fice does not embrace the entire plan for the completed building, it is perfect in itself, and contains all that is necessary for the proper working of the institution. The complete plan is for a builiding with an extreme length of five hundred and twenty-five feet. But several years will necessarily pass before the entire J)uilding can be finished, or indeed, before it will be needed. Owing to the premature adjournment of the last General Assembly, the necessary appropriation for finishing the building, for furnishing it, and for carrying on the institution, was not made. The inauguration of the institution has, therefore, been delayed. The Committees of both Houses of the late General Assembly, however, unanimously approved the expenditures already made, the work that has been'performed, and the estimates submitted for future appropriations; so that the opening of the institution has only been deferred for a brief period, by the default of the General Assembly. INDIANA HOUSE OF REFUGE. The Legislature of Indiana, by an Act approved March 8, 1867, authorized an institution to be known as "A House of Refuge for the Correction and Reforma tion of Juvenile Offenders."' To carry out the provisions of this Act the sum of $50,000 was appropriated. The general supervision and government cf the Institution is vested in a Board of Control, consisting of three Commissioners, to be appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The members of the first Board hold their offices for the respective terms of two, four, and six years, and after this one member of the Board to be appointed in the same manner, every two years, whose term of office shall continue for six years. The following gentlemen were the first Board, vim: Charles F. Coffin, Esq., of Wayne county, Hon. A. C.?owney, of Ohio county and General Joseph Orr, of Laporte county. The Board held their first meeting in the Governor's rooms in Indianapolis, Ind., on the 23d day of April, 1867, and organized by electing Charles F. Coffin, President. The Board then resolved to visit and examine the Reform School at Chicago, Ill., the House of Refuge at Cincinnati, O., and the Ohio State Reform Schools, at Lancaster, O. After a full examination and consideration of the merits of these institutions for the reformation of juvenile offenders, the Board unanimously adopted what is known as the "Family System," (in imitation of the Ohio State Reform Schools,) as contra-distinguished from the "congregate plan." This system divides the inmates of the Institution into families of fifty boys eacheach family having a separate house and proper family officers. The officers to each family are a House Father (who has the immediate charge of the family of boys) assisted by an Elder Brother; all the families are under the jurisdiction of a common Superintendent. It was contemplated by the founders of the Institution, and by the legislature calling it into existence, that it should be located at some suitable point near Indianapolis, combining the several necessary conditions. Manifestly it should not be located so near a large city as to allure unruly and truant inmates from the quiet and discipline of the Institution to the temptations of the city. In view of this and other essential considerations controlling its location, Governor Baker selected and established a site for the institution, three-fourths of a mile south of Plainfield, 190 to! 0'i BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. in HIendricks county, on the line of the Indianapolis, Terre Haute, Vandalia and St. Louis Railway, fourteen miles west of Indianapolis. The site is a very eligible one: being easy of access from all parts of the State. The farm upon which the institution is located contains two hundred and twenty-five acres; combining beauty of location with fertility of soil; and particulary favored with running streams affording an abandant and unfailing supply of water for the use of the institution, and for the needs of the live stock on the farm. The site of the buildings is a beautiful plateau, about eighteen feet above the level of the adjacent valley. The engraving on another page will serve to give a good general idea of the appearance of the buildings and grounds. The Board, with the approval of the Governor, adopted a plan for the grounds and buildings, with a view to the ultimate erection of one main building and eight family houses, besides one house for a reading room and hospital, and two large shops for mechanial labor, intended to accommodate four hundred boys. On the 27th of August, 1867, the Board, with the approval of the Governor, appointed Mr. and Mrs. Frank B. Ainsworth, Superintendent and Matron. They immediately entered upon the discharge of their duties, which they have ever since discharged with great credit to themselves and to the institution. On the first of January, 1868, three family houses and one work shop were completed and ready for occupancy, and the Governor issued his proclamation declaring the Institution ready for the reception of inmates. During the past year the main building and one additional family house have been completed, The plan of the buildings is an elongated octagon. All the family houses front to the center of the plateau save the two on the east side, which front to the east. The main building stands east of the centre, fronts to the east; it is sixtyfour by one hundred and tweilty-eight feet, external measurement, and is three stories high above the basement. In the basement are the vegetable cellars, wash room, ironing room, furnace room and kitchen. On the first floor are the office, reception room, officers and boys dining rooms, pantry and store room. On the second floor are the Superintendent's family rooms, private office, and five dormitories for officers, etc. On the third floor are the Assistant Superintendent's rooms, a store room and library, the chapel and hospital. The fainily houses are uniform in style, and are thirty-six by fifty-eight feet external measurement. The basement contains a furnace room, a store room, and a large wash room, which is also used for a play room in stormy weather. On the first floor are two rooms for the House Father and his family; and a school room, which is also used for a sitting-room for the family of boys. On the third floor are the boys' dormitory, a clothes room and a room for the Elder Brother, etc. These buildings are erected on a plan suggested by an experienced reformer, and admirably serve the purpose for which they were designed. The first boy was received January 23d,' 1868, into the institution, from Hendricks county. A few days after this ten boys were transferred from the Northern Prison. Since the opening of the institution twenty-two boys have been received to its guardianship. There are at this time one hundred arid seventy-eight inmates remaining in the institution; two having been indentured; one having died, and the rest having been discharged. Nothwithstanding that there are no high fences, walls, or physical contrivances, to prevent the boys from escaping, not a single boy has succeeded in getting away, and although the inmates are of the most hardened and desperate classes, not one has been subjected to corporal punishment. 191 JHOLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. The plan of instruction is that of the most approved common school system All the boys attend school one-half of each day and are engaged at some useful employment, either on the farm, or in the garden, or shoe-shop, or tailor-shop, or chair-shop, or some other division of the domestic department, the other half. This discipline is mild and firm, and eminently parental-the higher-sentiments of the boys being appealed to. The institution is a success beyond all expectations, and it has already demonstrated its value to the State by converting to a life of usefulness and respectability, many neglected children who would, but for its saving influence, have been miserable waifs among the scum of society. THE COUNTY INFIRMARY. This institution is situated about three miles north-west of the city, and was established in 1832. It is a well-managed and efficient institution. The "farm," consisting of 160 acres, was purchased in 1832. At this date the only building on the site was a log cabin of two rooms. Buildings were erected from time to time, as the demand for accommodations increased, of which the principal structure was erected in 1845. To this an addition for the accommodation of the insane paupers was made in 1858. These buildings were soon found inadequate to the demand upon them; and in 1869 was commenced the erection of the present capacious and appropriate structure. The corner stone of the building was laid on the 28th of July, 1869; and it was dedicated in October, 1870, under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Association. The principal building is in the Norman style of architecture. Its front is two hundred and four feet; extreme depth, one hundred and eighty-four feet; height, four stories. The building presents a fine architectuaral appearance. The plan of the interior is excellent; securing neatness, convenience, and plentiful light and ventilation. In the rear of the main structure is another building twenty-eight by seventy feet, and two stories in height. The increased room thus obtained has afforded opportunities for introducing a much more thorough and efficient system than before existed. The contrast between the system of management of the Marion County Infirmary of to-day and that of the past, is as striking as the contrast between the present buildings and those they superseded. Now the institution is so conducted as to secure the well-being of the inmates; then it was merely a receptacle, into which was thrust that inconvenient class in the community who, being unable to help themselves, were thus stuck away out of sight and dismissed from public concern. Now the management conforms to common morality and propriety by separate accommodations for the sexes; then no adequate separation of this kind was practicable. Now the insane are cared for apart from the others, and humane and adequate means employed to ameliorate their condition and conduce to their cure; then they were hidden away and confined in repulsive quarters and surroundings calculated to craze the sane, and with nothing but the rudest diet for eking out a miserable existence. Then the institution was unsightly, the quarters unclean, the regimen scant and unwholesome, the medical assistance inadequte, because of inaequate compensation; no regard was paid to the education of the children, or to the moral instruction of either old or young. Now the converse of all these conditions prevails: cleanliness pervades the buildings, and is enforced 192 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. on the part of the inmates; religious services are regularly held in the chapel; a "nursery department" has been provided for the children, where they are separ ately kept, and given the needful attention in respect to their education, their mor als and their health; the insane are appropriately provided for; and the due dis tinction between the sexes is observed. This contrast, so favorable to the present condition of the asylum, does not signify that it was formerly in a worse state than most similar institutions of to-day; on the contrary it only illustrates the superi ority of the Marion County Infirmary over most pauper asylums. Neither is any reflection on past officials intended; nor is it charged that they could have done better with the means with which they were furnished. The improvement in the condition of the asylum is principally due to the attraction of the attention of the community to the need for reform in the institution, and to the enlistment of the benevolent and humane sentiment of the people ill its behalf. The first Superintendent was Peter Newland. From 1832 to 1839 the office of Superintendent was discontinued, and its functions were discharged by a Board of Directors. The records show the following to have served as Dlrectors: Wm. McCaw, Cary Smith, James Johnson, Isaac Pugh, Samuel McCray, George Lock erbie, and Thomas F. Stout. The office of Superintendent was revived in 1839; since which time the following have served in that capacity: Aquilla Hilton, James Higgenbottom, Nelson McCord, Henry Fisher, William H. Watt, John Adams, Levi A. Hardesty, Parker S Carson, Joseph L, Fisher, and William H. Watt,the present Superintendent. The office of Physician to the Infirmary was created in 1840, previous to which date the Superintendent was authorized to call in a physician whenever the services of one might be required. Since the creation of the office the following have sueccessively served the county as Physician to the Infirmary: Drs. Parry, Yeakle, Dunlap, Mothershead, Dunlap, John S. Bobbs, Sanders, John M. Gaston, M. HT. Wright, H. C. Brown, Michael Lynch, R. N. Todd, Milton Phipps, J. K. Bigelow, Wm. Wands, and H. H. Moore, the present Physician. The office of Physician was for years an unattractive trust. The salary was the merest trifle; The duties considerable and forbidding. Recently the salary has been increased; but is still too small to possess any pecuniary temptation to any competent physician to undertake the discharge of the duties. It was during Dr. Wand's term as physician that the new buildings wereinstituted and completed. It is due to this gentleman to give him large credit for agitation of the questioh of reform, for urging the necessity for the improvements that have since been made, and for the present beneficent system of the Infirmary. At this time there are about 38 children in the nursery department, which is under the charge of Mrs. Durham. In the department for the insane there are about 58 patients, under the imme —diate charge of Nicholas Daly. The whole number of inmates at this time is about 185. The new buildings were erected at a cost of about $120,000, and the value of the site is about $32,000. INDIANAPOLIS CITY HOSPITAL. A visitation of the small pox in 1855, first suggested the idea of a City Hos — pital in Indianapolis. The result was, that early in March, 1856, the establishment of such an institution was authorized by the Common Council. A site was secured[ (13) 193' in the north-western part of the city, containing nine and one-half acres; and the Hospital building was completed in 1859. To the efforts and influence of Dr. Livingston Dunlap, an estimable citizen, an eminent physician, and a member of the Council, is the establishment of this institution so largely due, that he has been appropriately called the "Father of the City Hospital." For about two years after its completion the Hospital was an idle piece of property. First it was proposed to sell the property; then various uses were suggested; and a proposition from the Catholic Church to conduct it as a hospital was defeated, because of denominational objections. Finally the property was placed in the care of a keeper; in which condition it was found at the beginning of the Rebellion. The concentration of troops at this point dictated the employment of the institution as a hospital for military purposes; and to this end Drs. Kitchen and Jameson were appointed by the State authorities to the charge of the hospital iin May, 1861. Under the zealous and very efficient direction of Dr. Kitchen, the institution was used as a military hospital until July, 1865; during which period its great usefulness vastly more than compensated for the outlay incurred in its establish ment and maintenance. From July, 1865, to April, 1866, the institution was used — for a Soldiers' Home, under Dr. M. M. Wishard, in which capacity it again sub served in a large degree the causes of philanthropy and patriotism. During Dr. Kitchen's administration extensive improvements in buildings, as well as in the hospital system, were made; so that at the close of the war, when the institution was surrendered to the city, the latter found itself the possessor of a hospital organized at the expense of the United States Government. About 13,000 patients were treated in the hospital during the war. Under Dr. Kitchen's administration, also, the grounds were ornamented by shade trees, fur ther adding to the usefulness and attractiveness of the place-another result of his constant concern and efforts for the improvement of the institution. April 27th, 1866, Dr. Kitchen published a card in the Journal calling attention to the neglected state of the institution, and to the necessity for putting it into an efficient condition for use by the city. A meeting of the citizens was immediately held, and Hon. J. D. Howland appointed to present the subject to the Council. April 30th a committee of the Council, consisting of Dr. Jameson and M!essrs. Kappes and Emerson, were appointed to meet the Board of Health and perfect a plan for the improvement and management of the hospital, and to report the neces sary ordinance for that purpose. At a special meeting, May 2d, an ordinance was introduced authorizing the purchase of materials sufficient to equip a hospital with accommodations for 75 patients. William Hantnaman was appointed the agent of the city to make purchases. An ordinance for the management of the hospital was also passed at the same time. These efforts were greatly accelerated by a threat ened visitation of cholera, then prevailing in Europe. The ordinance for the management of the hospital provided for the election of a Board of Directors, in which each ward was to be represented, who were invested with full control of the management of the institution. The Board organized >June 12th, 1866, by the election of Dr. J. M-. Kitchen President, and L. B. Wilson, Esq., Secretary. June 28th, 1866, Dr. G. V. Woolen was elected Superintendent :for one year, also the following Medical and Surgical Staff: Surgeons-Drs. J. S. Bobbs, J. S. Athon, J. A. Comingor, and L. D. Waterman. Physicians-Drs. J. H. Woodburn, T. B. Harvey, R. N. Todd, and J. M. Gaston. 194 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLRS. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIOI. 195 Dr. Woolen opened the hospital on the 1st of July, 1866. To the requisite attainments in medical science he added great energy and much previous experience in like responsibilities; and it was not long before the hospital was placed in good condition for the reception of patients. Large repairs and some important additions were made during his administration. Great care and economy were necessary during the first year of its existence, in order to inaugurate and maintain the charity without making it oppressive financially. Its officers found much ignorance prevailing as to the nature and wants of such an institution, encountered many perplexities unknown to the people generally, and certainly hre deserving the thanks of the public for their industry, and patience, and good management. Dr. Woolen was Superintendent of the institution until July 1st, 1870, when when he was succeeded by Dr. E. Hadley, the present Superintendent, who is serving the hospital well and acceptably. Since his retirement from the superintendence of the institution, Dr. Kitchlen has remained the President of the Board of Directors; and st,ill continues to tbl,e his old interest in the success of the hospital. During the official year ending July 1st, 1870, the number of patient,s treated was 245; number of births 27; number of deaths 25. During the same period the total expenditures of the institution wtre $6,606.97; and the average expense per capita was $0.50. The present number of patients is 48; the whole number treated in the institution frem the beginning, 1,180. The officers for the current year are: President of the Board of Directors, Dr. F. S. Newcomer; Superintendent, Dr. E. Hadley; Assistant Superintendent, Dr. R. D. Craigheadi Matron, Mrs. E. M. Porter. The Medical and Surgical Staff is composed as follows: Consulting Officers-Drs. George W. Mears and James S. Athon; Surgeons-Drs. J. A. Comingor, L. D. Waterman, G. V. Woolen and J. K. Bigelow; Physicians-Drs. Thomas B. Harvey, R. N. Todd, D. H. Oliver and A. W. Davis. IOAIE FOR FRIENDLESS WOMEN. Location: Tennessee street, just beyond city limits. In 1863, Stoughton A. Fletcher, sr., donated to the city of Indianapolis, seven -acres of ground lying southwest of the city, near White river, on condition that within a certain time a house should be built for abandoned women, to serve as a prison for the vicious and intractable-as a home for the more mild and teachable. The gift was accepted, and the house commenced. Seven thousand dollars had been expended on a foundation, when the work suddenly came to a stop; all the means in the public treasury being required for bounties for the soldiers. The building was never completed, nor the site occupied for the use for which it was donated, being too far from the city. The Young Men's Christian Association cooperated with the active friends of the enterprise; committees of the Association canvassed the city for funds; and finally a building of nine rooms was obtained for a temporary Home, situated on North Pennsylvania street. The early efforts of the Home were directed to the amelioration of the condition of the prisoners in the county jail, from which its first inmates were taken: all of whom were more or less benefitted, and many of them greatly. But the publicity of the location, as well as other reasons not necessary to be lDOLLOWA Y'S IDIANA:POLYq. stated here, was an obstruction to the highest usefulness of the institution;' and' steps were soon taken to obtain the necessary means for a permanent Rome in a' more suitable location. For this purpose the city and county appropriated $7,500, each. A location on North Tennessee street, just outside the city limits was secured;. and by means of the city and county appropriations, money donations, and donations of city lots by James M. Ray, William S. Hubbard and Calvin Fletcher, of Indianapolis, and by Stillman Witt, Esq, of Cleveland, Ohio, and early in May.. 1870, a suitable building had been erected. The Home was dedicated on the 21st day of May, 187;0, the religious services on the occasion being conducted by Rev. IDrs. Scott, Holliday, Day, and others. The building thus completed and dedicated was in the Renaissance style of architecture, of brick, fifty-seven by seventy-five feet, three stories high, with fortynine pleasant rooms and chambers, having a capacity for one hundred inmates, and; was a neat, convenient, and commodious structure. In this building for several months, the institution was conducted with the most commendable philanthropy. It was conducted not as a prison, but as a Home, to' which the inmates should become attached. Pains were taken to learn the work — ings of similar institutions elsewhere; for which purpose some of the Managers traveled extensively. It has been indeed, what its name signifies-a "Home for Friendless Women.' Not alone as a refuge for Fallen Women; but also for the needy and helpless of the sex, irrespective of the causes of their misfortunes. The success of the Home has exceeded the expectations of its benevolent founders. "Lost" girls-"lost" in the dreariest sense of the word-"lost" in their own reckless abandonment to vice-" lost" in the judgment and estimation ofsociety-shelterless and utterly depraved-whose only home was the jail, the low brothel, or the open air-have found in the Home a refuge, and a restoration to thecommunity's'and their own respect. The institution was suddenly interrupted in its mission of usefulness by a fire on the 23d of September, 1870, which laid the bu,ilding in ashes, save a portion of the walls. By this calamity, a loss of several thousands of dollars over insurance was sustained. A building for a temporary Home was secured at No. 476 North Illinois street; where the inmates have been provided with a home, while the mana-s gers and the community set themselves busily to work to rebuild the institution on its old site. It was found that the walls of the burned building were available for use in erecting the new; appropriations were'again obtained from the city and county; and by these aids and individual donations, the work of rebuilding the Home was prosecuted with such vigor and success, that the new building, on thee site of the old was' recently dedicated and occupied-a building as commodious, as convenient, and as attractive as the one destroyed. The results of the institution attest its usefulness, anad speak the praise of its man — agement. The Home was opened on the 22d February, 1867. During that year it had 70 inmates; during 1868, 140; during 1869, 133; during 1870, 225. Its management has been as economical as it has been useful. During the first three years of its existence, its aggregate expenses were $5,612.19. Conspicuous in the administration of the institution from the first have been James Smith and his wife, Sarah J. Smith-members of the Society of Friends Both have been faithful and efficient. Mrs. Smithas City Missionary, has blended decided energy with philan. thropy. 196 'BENETVOLENT INSTITUTION'S. 'The'limits of this sketch do not admit of mention of all those, dead and living, ,who have given important aid and encouragement to this enterprise. Conspicuous among these has been James M. Ray, Esq.; and it is justly claimed that to him -more than to any other one person is the establishment of the institution indebted. The late Col. Blake was also a fast and useful friend of the enterprise. Both of ,these citizens-the one yet living, and the other. gone to his reward-have been permanently connected with many benevolent institutions and enterprises in the .city and county. The present officers of the institution are: Jame-s Smith, Superintendent; .Sarah J. Smith, City Missionary; Miss Sarah M. Alcorn, Matron. Officers of the Board of Managers.-Mrs John S. Newman, President; Mrs. ,J. L. Ketcham, Mrs. Hannah Hadley, Vice Presidents; Mrs. C. N. Todd, Treas'r; Mrs. Charles W. Moores, Corresponding Secretary; Mrs. J. H. Kappes, Recording Secretary; Mrs. J. M. Ray, Auditor. Officers of the Board of Trustees.-James M. -Ray, President; William S. ,Iubbard, Treasurer; Samuel Merrill, Secretary; D. B. Snyder Auditor. ORPHAN S -o,1ME. Location~: Corneriof Tennessee and Fifth streets. The movement for the erection of this institution was started in the year 1849, 'by the Indianapolis Benevolent Society. At the anriual meeting of this association, in that year, the destitution among the widows and orphans in the city was a prominent subject of consideration; and Committees were appointed to enlighten the public as to the extent of such destitution, and to enlist popular charity for its amelioration. At a.called meeting of the same society in November of the above year, a society for,the relief of the classes stated, was organized, by the election of a President, three Vice Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secretary, a Depositary, thirteen Managers, and a Visiting Committee,-all of whom were ladies; and an Advisory Committee of gentlemen. In January, 1850, this society obtained.a legislative charter for the establish.ment of the Home. The first officers were as follow: Mrs. A. W. Morris, President; Mrs. Alfred Harrison, Mrs. William Sheets, Mrs. Judge Morrison, Vice Presidents; Mrs. Phipps, Treasurer; Mrs. Hollings~head, Secretary; Mrs. Wilkins, Depositary; Mrs. Calvin Fletcher, Mrs. Graydon, Mrs. McGCuire, MDrs. I. P. Williams, Mrs. Cressy, Mrs. Williams, Mrs. Willard, MIrs. Underhill, Mrs. Irvin, Mrs Dr. Dunlap, Mrs. I. Hall, Mrs. Bradley, Managers; Mrs. Duncan, Mrs. Ferry, Mrs. Paxton7 Mrs. Dunn, Mrs. Campbell, Mrs. A. F. Morrison, Mrs. M'Carty, Mrs. Myers, Mrs. Brouse, Mrs. Wiseman, Visiting Committee; Messrs. N. M'Carty, A. Harrison, Judge Morrison, William Sheets, J. R. ,)sgood, Butler, A.~. WVillard, Ohr,.and Wilkins, Advisory Committee. In 1854, the association was enabled to purchase two city lots for a site for the Home; a third being then donated for that purpose by James P. Drake, Esq. In 1855, the first building on this,site was erected, costing $1,200. In 1869, the building was greatly enlarged and improved, at a cost of $3,000; all-as well as the sums previously expended-having been raised by popular donations. The property and improvements are now worth about $14,000; and the institution is in a prosperous condition. It has an average family of thirty-five children. While the necessaries of life are provided for the children, their education is not neglected 197 HOLLOWAFrS INDIA NAPOLIS. in the institution a school is conducted three hours each day, by a competent governess. The domestic arrangements, which are managed in a most excellent manner, are administered by a matron, governess, nurse, cook, and a man-of-all-work. The Home is one of the most useful and efficiently conducted permanent charities in the city. It has no endowment, and its successful establishment and maintainance is due to the unwearying philanthropy of those who have had its interests in charge-sustained, of course, by popular contributions. Of late years the County has come to the assistance of the institution with a quarterly allowance for the board of each child. Prominent in the infancy of the institution, and during their whole lives, for valuable services and persevering benificence in this field, were Mrs. Alfred Harrison, Mrs. A. G. Willard, Mrs. Richmond, and Mrs, John H. Bradley. The donations in support of the Home-have been many, and, in the aggregate, large. Among these we find record of the following: A lot, donated by W. S. Hubbard, Esq., frou which $800 was realized; a legacy, of $1,200, from Mrs. Bryant; considerable donations from Calvin Fletcher, Sr., Mrs. Givan, and Mrs. John H. Bradley; and $600 worth of provisions from the Society of Friends. The number of children cared for at the Home during the past year was 120. The Presidents of the Society, so far as record of them is found,. from the beginning, have been, Mrs. A. WV. Mlorris, Mrs. A. G. Willard, Mrs. W. T. Clark, Mrs. Wilson, and Mrs. Hannah T. Hadley. At the last meeting of the Managers, held on the first Tuesday of May, 187.1, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: Mrs. Hannah T. Hadley, President; Mrs. Dr. J. H. Woodburn, Mrs. John S. Tarkington, and Mrs. John Bradshaw,. Vice Presidents; Mrs. Fred. Baggs, Treasurer; Mrs Benj. Harrison, Secretary; Mrs. John C. Wright, Corresponding Secretary. Board of Managers.-Mrs. William Mansur, Mrs. Joseph E. McDonald, Mrs. John C. New, Mrs. David Macy, Mrs. Rachel Clarke, Mrs. John I. Morrison, Mrs.' W illiam D. Hawk, Mrs. Cyrus Boaz, Mrs. J. T. Wright, Mrs. R. M. Pattison, Mrs. Margaret Evans, and Mrs.. John Fishback. Advisory Committees-His Excellency Governor Baker, Alfred Harrison, Esq,. Hon E. B. Martindale, J. R. Osgood, Esq., John M. Lord, Esq., General Daniel Miacauley, Hon. Jos. E. McDonald, Jacob T. Wright, Esq., Thomas H. Sharpe, Esq., W. H. Morrison, Esq.., William Jackson, Esq,., Hon. John W. Ray, James M. iEume, and Gen. George F:. McGinnis. INDIANAPOLIS ASYLUM FOR IRIENDLESS COLORED CHILDREN.. This institution is located in the north-western quarter of the city. The Articles of Association for its establishment were filed for record on the 28th of February, 1870. The building was erected and completed, during that year. The management of its affairs is vested in a Board of Directors, now composed as follows: William Hadley, President; Solomon Blair, Treasurer; William C. Hobbs, Secretary; James Kersey, of Hendricks county; Joseph Morris, Plainfield; Allen Hadley, Mooresville; B. C. Coffin, W. L. Pyle, Enos G. Pray, Indianpolis; Charles, Reeve, Friendswood. 198 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. INDIANAPOLIS BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. On page 50, mention is made, in a general way, of this society. Its antiquity; its large usefulness; the honored names, living and dead, connected with it in the past and present; make appropriate a fuller sketch of its history in this place. The society was organized on Thanksgiving evening, in November, 1835. The movement was participated in by representative Christian citizens of the city generally, irrespective of denomination; and the usual religious services on the above mentioned evening, were dispensed with in all the churches, to enable the members to participate in the work of organizing this society. Each succeeding anniversary has been celebrated on Thanksgiving evening; on which occasions, it is well understood that the usual Thursday evening services are not to be held in the churches, that their members may attend the Anniversary meeting of this society. Its plan is simple, as its work of charity is great. For the purposes of the society, the city is divided into districts, now thirty in number. The officers consist of a President, Secretary, and Treasurer. Whoever contributes to the charities dispensed by the society, is a member of it. At each anniversary meeting officers are elected for the ensuing year, donations are collected and a canvassing committee (consisting of one gentleman and one lady) is appointed for each district. The officers, and these committees, constitute the whole Executive authority of the society. The committees canvass their respective districts for contributions of money and clothing. The money goes into the care of the Treasurer; the clothing, etc., into a depository. The committees draw on the depository as occasion arises, for the articles there deposited, for the benefit of the destitute in their respective districts. To prevent the misappropriation of the money thus raised, a contract is made with one or more, (generally two) grocers, to supply groceries on the order of the members of the committees. The usual weeky allowance thus made is $1.50 for each family; increasable, if required, in cases of sickness. A committee is also empowered to relieve the destitution of transient persons, and aid in securing them transportation to their homes or friends. The first President of the society was the late James Blake, Sr.; who held that trust continuously, to the period of his death, November 26th, 1870. Calvin Fletcher, Sr., was its Secretary from the time of its organiztion, until his death, May 26th, 1866; and James M. Ray, was its Treasurer, from the beginning, until Mr. Blake's death, when he became President. The present officers are: James M. Ray, President; Ebenezer Sharpe, Treasurer; Rev. Elijah T. Fletcher, Secretary. LADIES' SOCIETY FOR THE RELIEF OF THE POOR. This society was organized on the 10th of February, 1869, by a few Protestant and Catholic ladies of this city. Its object, in a word, is benificence. Its means are derived by such methods as fairs, donations, etc. The society is strictly undenominational in its membership, and its charities are dispensed without reference to creeds. In an unostentatious manner, it has accomplished a great deal in the way of practical philanthropy. The officers are: Mrs. J. H. McKernan, President; Mrs. John A. Reaume, Treasurer; Miss Julia Cox, Secretary. 199 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLI$. GERMAN PROTESTANT ORPHANS' ASSOCIATION. This body was permanently organized on the 11th day of August, 1867, with Frederick Thorns, Esq., as the first President. Like every other young organization of a benevolent character, unaided by appropriations from the public treasury, its progress was at first slow; while obstacles were abundant and difficult. The society, has, however, been superior to all diseouragements and come to be an important instrumentality in the work of benevolence. In the absence of a building for an asylum for those for whose benefit the society was organized and has labored, its benefactions have been performed in such other ways as were practicable. The society has purchased a site of six and three-quarter acres, at the terminus of Virginia avenue, on which will be erected, as soon as possible, a suitable building for an Orphans' Home. The association has about one hundred members. Its present officers are: Conrad Russe, President; J. J. Wenner, Vice President; Tobias Bender and Fr. Hillman, Secretaries; Henry Helm, Treasurer; Frederick Thorns, J. Helm, H. H. Koch, T. Sander, William Teckenbrock, and Henry Mankedick, Trustees. LADIES GERMAN PROTESTANT ORPHANS' HOME ASSOCIATION. This is an auxiliary to the foregoing society, and its stated meetings are held at the same times and place. It was founded in the month of October, 1870. Its officers are: Mrs. Ruschaupt, President; Mrs. Schoppenhorst, Vice President; Mrs. Reinheimer, Secretary; Mrs. Reiher, Treasurer. THE INDIANAPOLIS SOCIETY FOR THE RELIEF OF THE CRIPPLED, RUPTURED, AND DEFORME)D. The system of Benevolent Institutions of this State, caring so liberally and extensively for the Insane, Blind, and Deaf and Dumb, makes no provision for a class at least as large as either of these, as helpless, and that would seem to be also entitled to similar assistance from the State-its crippled, impotent and deformed population. To remedy the condition of this class of unfortunates, a number of the liberal and benevolent citizens of this city, incorporated the above named Society on the 7th of September, 1870. The proposed capital stock of the society was $100,000, subject to enlargement. "Over that sum has been promptly subscribed for the object here, mostly by citizens of the Capital, but that this foundation may be enlarged, so as to provide for the aid of the afflicted and needy in all parts of the State the cooperation of the friends of such an effort, in the several counties, is needful and is earnestly solicited. "The whole management of the association is in the hands of the subscribers thereto, each sum of $25 entitling tbe subscriber to membership and an equal voice in all its control, while the payment of ten dollars entitles to membership without voting. "The subscription of $25 also entitles the subscriber to nominate a patient for treatment. $100 entitles the subscriber to the annual nomination of a patient. $1000 entitles to the nomination of a patient for a free bed annually. $5000 enti 200 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. ties the subscriber, and his heirs or assigns, to the nomination of a patient to a perpetual free bed from the society. "The aim of the society is to provide comfortable homes and boarding in the City of Indianapolis, at low rates or free of charge, as the necessities of the poor may require-also, surgical treatment, and mechanical apparatus, appliances, supporters, etc., for relieving deformities, paralysis, and other affections destroying the usefulness of their limbs or bodies." The articles of association provide that no salary shall be attached to any office held in the society. All apparatus and appliances to be furnished at the cost only of the time and materials required for their manufacture. The society is, as yet, without a building of its own; but the patients are provided with suitable board. The surgeons are Drs. Allen and Johnson, of the Surgical Institute; and the superior facilities of that institution are thus afforded the patients. "Sixty patients have already received gratuitous treatment, aid, and relief, through the society. Twenty cases have required and been provided with apparatus or mechanical appliances for deformity. Twelve cases have required and been relieved by surgical operation. Fourteen of these patients reside in this city, but the benefits of the society are designed to extend to sufferers of this class in every part of the State, and already patients have been received, cared for, treated ard relieved, from the counties of Ripley, Jennings, Blackford, Franklin, Miami, Marion, Floyd, Morgan, Tipton, Vigo, Wayne, Warren, Fountain, Parke, Putnam, Madison and Dearborn." It is the expectation of the society, that the State will finally make appropriate provision for this class of its helpless population. Its management is vested in a Board of Directors, an Executive Committee, and the following officers: James M. Ray, President; Barnabas.C. Hobbs, Addison Daggy, W. P. Johnson, A. L. Roache, Vice Presidents; William H. Turner, Recording Secretary; K. H. Boland, Corresponding Secretary; John C. New, Treasurer. 201 RELIGIOUS. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. CHRIST CHURCH, Located on the north-east corner of Meridian and Circle streets, is an artistic specimen of the early English, or plain-pointed, architecture; and is, as all edifices erected to the worship of the True God should be, true throughout. Where it looks like stone, it is stone; even to the mullions of the windows. Its floor consists of a tower porch, nave, and shallow north and south transepts; which, together, will seat about five hundred worshipers. The chancel-sixteen feet deep, and raised four feet-is lighted by a triplet window, adorned with rich glass, filled with Christian symbols. The other windows of the Church, many being memorial, are less elaborately decorated. The altar-memorializing the one perfect and sufficient sacrifice, propitiation and atonement-is prominent in position, and superior in ornamentation. It is placed high against the east wall of the chancel. The font is on the level of the nave, at the steps of the chancel. An oaken lecturn stands just outside the chancel, on the north side. The pulpit, situated at the left side, is an octagonal oaken structure, supported on a pedestal, all plainly but handsomely finished. The roof is open, heavily timbered, and the ceiling is colored with ultra marine blue. Outside, the whole building presents a beautiful, true, and churchly appearance, with its lancet, triplet, and trefoil windows, appearing along the side, among the buttresses, and up in the gable angles. The gray lime-stone walls, well laid in irregular shapes and varying tints, are relieved by prominent buttresses, with water-sheds and caps, high above the eaves. The roof is of blue and purple slate, laid in square and octagonal courses. The chief feature, however, of the building, is the fine tower and spire, which occupies the south-west angle, and is the centrally prominent object in the city. The tower proper, is about seventy-five feet high, heavily built, and boldly buttressed. Two doors open, one west, and the other south, into the lower story, forming a vestibule; the one south being decorated with appropriate carvings and inscriptions. Windows mark'the stories above, until four bold stone gables pierced by triplets, with open blinds, complete the stone work. Within the last story a chime of nine bells is placed, which ring out joyfully or plaintively, in the successive seasons of festival and fast. Above the stone-work a timber octagonal spire, slated like the roof, pierced with four windows, and having the angles covered with a moulding of galvanized iron, rises sixty feet higher. This is surmounted by a finial, which gives the name of the Church in monogram. It is formed by a combination of the first two Greek letters in the name of CHRIST; and has been since early in the fourth century, a well known symbol of Christianity, signifying "Christ." The parish and congregation of Christ Church, have been in existence nearly a quarter of a century. The Rev. Melancthon Hoyt, first resided in Indianapolis; -- -7 ~;~~~~~A7~~~~:w~2;7~~~ - -- - --- A~~Y7~7~~~C7w f$ffif - ~-~-7Y7~~~-~ 7- -~- — ~ — -~ — ~- - I - - ~ — ~- - ~-~~fW~ - -- - -?~-7% -~-AAW~~W- -~ — — ~ — __ - - -?;-~~~~~~~~7~#~ -y r r r - - - ~~~~~~ -- - - -~ — - ---- - ~~~~~~ —#~~~-~~ ~- - -~- - X~~~~-y- -- -~~ — - - - - -~ —;-Y~Y — 7 - -- - 7~- - -~ -- -- - ~ —; - _ -~ - - -~ -~ ~1)$;;$ -) — ~;; _ -- -~ -- -~ -- X~~~Th-~~ — 7! - -~ - $ ~7%~;~~-~~~- - 7~~~7~~ —#~~-77-#-~~-77~ThTh~~ ~ - - -- - - 7 - 7 - - -- -- 1-7 - -7- - - 7- — ~ — —-- - D?-7 —~-7- — 77~ ~-~ —{7~7 - -~ - ~ — -77-7- 7~- - - - - - 7~ - 7 -Dft%%ft7~~#7 —#- — W - - 7 - - ___ - I - - - - 7-7- - -- -- -- - - -- - -- -- -7- -~ - - ~y~$~Hff~ -!~7 - ~ — - ___ -- - f - - - - --- - -7- -~-~ —- -- - -- - 7-~~~~~{7~f~{$~)$)?{~~~~:;- - - ~~~ffiffl~7~-Th~~~- _- - 7!! t~~l!j!7!!1!l!77j I - 77#-~ ~-7~~7~~7~7 t~~- - 7- -~7 - -~ 7-~7 — i'- -~ - ~ -7 ~ — -~- 777~~ 7 — - I -- - -- - -- -- ---- 7 — — 7 — —- ---- - - -- -- - -- -- -~ii!-! - - I? ~-~ -- - - - - ~{~t~~~~~D)W7~~~7- - 7~ ~ — — - -- ~! I -- I I!!!!! ~777 - -~ - ------ _ - I Y-!~~~ — — )~!`l!! -)ffi~$7 $ -~ - -7 ~!t77!tI!!7 ~7i{})ttI{!!I!!iJi[i-~!{$~~$!\7;7~7`7 ~7 777 777- ~t7~77~-77 7 -77~ - 7777! ~~~-,7 —~-;;-~A - - 77 - 7 - -- - -- - 777 - - -- 7 - 7 7 ~~I - - -- - 7 -)7 7~~ - -7`I -! - 77~ - -~ 7-7 - 7 777~7~777~~- -7 I RELIGIO-US, as a Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church. No records of his work are preserved. The Rev. Jehu C. Clay, (late Dr. Clay, of Philadelphia,) had also visited the place, and had been requested to settle, after Mr. Hoyt left. The Rev. Mr. Pfeiffer, had preached here some fourteen years before, and baptized an infant; and the Rev. Henry M. Shaw, had also appeared here as an Episcopal Clergyman. On the 4th of July, 1837, the Rev. James B. Britton, (now of Ohio,) took up his residence as Missionary, and on the Sunday following, July 9th, the regular services of the Church in Indianapolis, commenced. In April, 1837, a few persons started a movement, which, in July, of that year, resulted in the following agreement and association: "We, whose names are hereunto affixed, impressed with the importance of the Christian religion, and wishing to promote its holy influence in the hearts and lives of ourselves, our families and our neighbors, do hereby associate ourselves together, as the Parish of Christ Church, in the town of Indianapolis. township of Centre, county of Marion, State of Indiana, and by so doing, do recognize the jurisdiction of the Missionary Bishop of Indiana, and do adopt the Constitution and Canons of the Protestant Episcosal Church in the United States of America-" Indianapolis, July, 13, 1837. (signed )-Joseph M. Moore, D. D. Moore, Chas. W. Cady, T. B. Johnson, Geo. W. Mears, Thomas McOuat, Janet M'cOuat, Wm. Hannaman, A. St. Clair, Mrs. Browning, Miss Howell, Miss Gordon, Mrs. Riley, Miss Drake, Mrs. Julia A. McKenny, G. W. Starr and Mrs. Starr, James Morrison, A. G. Willard, M.D. Willard, Jas. Dawson, jr., Edward J. Dawson, Jos. Farbos, Nancy Farbos, Joseph Norman, Joanna Norman, Stewart Crawford) J no. W. Jones, Edward Boyd, Mrs. Stevens. The first vestry, elected under this organization, (2lst August, 1837,) consisted of five persons, to wit: Arthur St. Clair, Senior Warden; Thos. McOuat, Junior Warden; James Morrison, Joseph M. Moore, and Wm. Eannaman. On the 7th of May, 1838, the corner stone of the Church was laid by the Rector, and the work progressed with such rapidity that the building was opened for Divine Worship on the 18th of November following, and consecrated December 16, by the Right Reverend Jackson Kemper, D. D., Missionary Bishop of Indiana and Missouri. This church was a plain, but neatly finished and strongly built Gothic edifice, of wood, which, while it made no pretensions to architectural beauty, was very far superior to any house of worship then erected in the places and, undoubtedly, gave impulse to the building of other places by the several denominations, as its successor, the present beautiful Christ Church, did again, twenty years-later. It was, indeed, strange as it may seem in these days of architecural taste, considered to be the handsomest church in Indiana; and many letters were received, from various parts of the State, requesting drawings of the " spire," as it was called; the said spire, being merely a belfry stuck upon the front gable of the church. This building stood for twenty years, and was removed in 1857, toe, miake room for the new church. It was sold, afterwards, to the African Methodist Congregation, and subsequently was destroyed by fire. The succession of rectors in Christ Church, has been as follows, viz: Rev. James B. Britton, three years, from 1837 to 1840 Rev. Moses H. Hunter, one year, form 1842 to 1843; Rev. Samuel Lee Johnson, four years, from 1844 to 1848; Rev. Norman W. Camp, D. )D., three years, from 1849 to 1852; Rev. Joseph 203 C. Talbot, seven years, from 1853 to 1860; Rev. Horace Stringfellow1 Jr., two and one-half years, from 1860 to 1863; Rev. Theodore J. Holcomb, one and one-half years, from 1863 to 1.84; Rev. J. P. T. Ingraham, four years, from 1864 to 1868; Rev. Benjamin Franklin, 1868, the present Rector. Of these all are living, save one-the Rev. Samuel Lee Johnson, who died in office. The present church was begun and nearly completed under the rectorship of the Rev. Joseph C. Talbot, D. D. (now Assistant Bishop of the Diocese.) The chime of bells was hung in the spring of 186I; and the spire erected in the autumn of 1869. The list of communicants numbers about two hundred and fifty. On the 15th of October, 1862, the seats in this church were declared free; and reliance for support is made successfully upon the Sunday offerings. The Sabbath-School is in a flourishing condition, and has about two hundred and twenty-five members. The value of the church property is about $70,000. SAINT PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. Location7 Corner of Illinois and New York streets. This parish was organized on the o10th of July, 1866, a vestry elected, and the Rev. Horace Stringfellow, Jr, called to the rectorship. For a brief period, begining September 2d, 1866, the regular services of the parish were held in Masonic Hall. Meanwhile the present church site was purchased, on the rear of which a brick chapel was erected. The first services in the chapel were held on Christmas day, 1866. The erection of the Cathedral was conmmenced in the spiring of 1867. It was opened for Divine worship at the meeting of the Diocesan Convention, in June, 1868. The Rev. Mr. Stringfellow resigned the rectorship, in June, 1869, and was succeeded by the Rev. Treadwell Walden, the present rector, in February, 1870. The parish was organized with six communicants; the number in June, 1870, was one hundred and ninety-seven. The dimensions of the Cathedral are sixty-five by one hundred and fifty feet; the extreme dimensions of the entire building, sixty-five by one hundred and eighty-three feet. The style of the architecture is the rural English Gothic, of the twelfth century. The exterior aspects of the building are striking, and well illustrate the sharp, bold, outlines and details of the Guthic style. Its greatest length is on New York street. The superior elevation of the roof is sixty feet; and the height of the tower one hundred and twenty feet. The interior of the Cathedral consists of a central and two side naves, with three aisles. West of the auditorium is the baptismal font and section room. In the transept are the chancel, vestry-room, library, etc.. The chancel, thirty by forty feet, containing the Bishop's seat and sixteen stalls, is very elegant. It has fiteen windows, of stained glass, and is artistically ornamented with appropriate, emblematical designs. The windows of the auditorium are also of stained glass, but less ornamental than those of the chancel. The window of the baptismal font is likewise richly ornamented. The ceiling of the auditorium is of the ornamental 204 H-OLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOL-TS. RELIGIOUS. open-roof construction. The seating capacity of the auditorium is about one thousand. The principal material of the walls is brick, tastefully trimmed with dressed stone and Milwaukee yellow brick. The Cathedral is furnished with a splendid organ, worth about $8,000. From Saint Paul's parish has sprung a flourishing Mission in the north-western portion of the city, elsewhere spoken of. The vestry is composed of the following. Wa H. Morrison and T. A. Hend.ricks, Wardens; Joseph B. McDonald, John M. Lord, E. S. Alvord, John W. Murphy, David E. Snyder, W. J. Holliday, and J. A. Moore. The Sabbath-School is in a prosperous condition; numbering, (including the Sunday School Mission,) about two hundred and fifty pupils. The cost of Saint Paul's Cathedral, and value of site, are about $75,000. GRACE CHURCH. Location: Corner of Pennsylvania and St. Joseph streets. This parish was organized in January, 1854. The membership of Christ Church, having become very large, and it being believed that there was a field for a new enterprise, Messrs. Deloss Root, J. O. D. Lilly, and Nelson Kingman, with their families, withdrew, and organized the present parish of Grace Church. The present house of worship of the parish was built without delay, and dedicated in the summer of 1854. Shortly afterward,' the Rev. M. V. Averill, was called to the rectorship of the parish, who remained about two and a-half years. Mr. Averill was an energetic, as well an able rector; and the prosperity of the parish during his rectorship, is attested by the fact that in that period, the number of communicants increased from ten to sixty. MIr. Averill was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. C. B. Davidson, who remained with the parish about three years; at the end of which time the number of communicants was about seventy-five. Dr. Davidson retired on the 10th of October, 1870. For several months the parish was without a rector. On the 1st of January, 1871, the Rev. James Runcie was called to the rectorship; who entered upon his duties on the 1st of March, 1871. The present membership of the church is about seventy-five. The Sabbath-School, of which George W. Geiger, Esq., is Superintendent, has one hundred and ten members. The church edifice is a frame building, of the modified Gothic style, and is particularly neat and tasteful in its ensemble, finish, and appointments. It is doubtful if at a like expense, a better effect in respect of a house of worship, could be produced. The aspects of the interior are inviting and suggestive of comfort. The windows are of stained glass; the ceiling, of the open-roofed construction. The chancel, in the ornamentation of its triple windows, and its appointments, is artistic; the symbols typifyng, with fine effect, the idea expressed in the name, Grace Church. The church has a fine organ. The value of the building and site, is about $11,000. CHUIRCH OF THE HOLY INNOCENTS. Location: Corner of Fletcher avenue and Cedar street. This parish was organized as a "Mission Sunday School of Christ Churchb" in July, 1866, at the residence of James Meade, No. 50, Forest avenue, by Rev. C C. Tate, Assistant Minister of Christ Church. The attendance upon the services 20,5 HOLLOWAY'8 INDIANAPOLIS. of the young society augumented to such an extent, that increased accommodations soon became necessary. Steps were accordingly taken to build a chapel on the north-east corner of Fletcher avenue and Cedar street, which had been donated for that purpose by S. A. Fletcher, Jr. The required amount for building the chapel, $1,800, was raised by the members of Christ Church-mainly through the exertions of the Rev. C C. Tate, and of that earnest worker, the Rev. J. P. T. Ingraham, Rector of Christ Church, who was the moving spirit of the enterprise. The chapel, in size, twenty-five by forty feet, beside the chancel and robingroom, was opened for public worship on the afternoon of the Epiphany Sunday, January, 6, 1867, the services being conducted by the Revs. J. P. T. Ingraham and C. C. Tate. The singing exercises were assisted by a cabinet organ, the gift of Miss C. J. Farrell. The chapel then took the name of the Holy Innocents. RPegular afternoon services were held by Rev. Mr. Tate, until the following July, when he resigned as Assistant Minister of Christ Church, to accept the Rectorship of St. Paul's Church, Columbus, Ohio. At the latter date, Mr. Willis D. Engle, was elected Superintendent of the Sunday School, the afternoon services being conducted by the Rev. J. P. T. Ingraham, assisted by a lay-reader. During this time the chapel building was further improved through the exertions of the few who labored there. January 1st, 1868, the Rev. George B. Engle, as Assistant Minister of Christ Church, took charge of the Mission, and continued to serve in that capacity, until January 4th, 1869, when, with the consent of the Bishop, and the concurrence of the other parishes in the city, the Church of the Holy Innocents was organized, with a membership of about thirty. The first officers of the Church were: A. Willis Gorrell, Senior Warden; William A. Taylor, Junior Warden; Ansel B. Denton, George Davidson, Daniel S. Moulton, David B. Hunt, Edwin Vickers, Thomas V. Cook, and Willis D. Engle, Vestrymen; Willis D. Engle, Secretary and Treasurer. A call was extended to the Rev. George B. Engle to become the rector of the church, and was accepted. On Easter Monday, March 29th, 1869, the same officers were re-elected, except John Boswell, whose place as vestryman, was filled by the election of Joseph Thompson. Willis D. Engle was elected as delegate to represent the parish in the Diocesan Convention. On Easter Monday, April 10th, 1871, the following officers were elected: A. Willis Gorrell, Senior Warden; William A. Taylor, Junior Warden; Ansel B. Denton, John Algeo, George Davidson, D. B. Hunt, James Meade, Daniel S. Moulton, and Willis D. Engle, Vestrymen. Willis D. Engle, Secretary; William A. Taylor, Treasurer; and Willis D. Engie, delegate to represent the Parish in the Diocesan Convention. During the fall of last year, considerable expenditures were made in improve. ments on the church building, in neatly inclosing it, and in adorning the grounds with shrubbery and shade trees. The membership at this time is about sixty. The Sunday-School numbers eighteen teachers, and one hundred and forty pupils. The seats are all free. The rectors salary is paid by subscription, and the current expenses by the offertory. EPISCOPAL MISSION. A flourishing Mission, sustained by St. Paul's Parish, has been established in the north-western part of the city, A suitable site has been purchased; and dut 206 'Sl'OdVNVICINI K;J~~~~~~~k~;\~ I L{~ Taylor~W~ ~Q~ m F,-!, , )' f r-t -',, cl". - I ring the present year, Saint Paul's Chapel (Second) will be completed; the site and building to cost about $5,000. Pending the appointment of an Assistant Minister of Saint Paul's the Mission will continue to be served by the Rector, the Rev. Mr. Walden; who conducts its regular religious services every Thursday evening, in the temporary building occupied by the Mission. Of Sundays its members attend the services in Saint Paul's Cathedral. The Sabbath-School, of which Mr. S. R. Lippencott, is Superintendent, and Mirs. Harriet Preston, Lady Manager, is in a flourishing condition. Summary. —Total membership of the Episcopal denomination, in Indianapolis, five hundred and eighty-two; total Sabbath-School membership, seven hundred and forty-three; total value of church property, $168,000. PRESBYTERIAN. FIRST CHURCH. Location: Corner of Pennsylvania and New York streets. The first Presbyterian Church is one of the religious landmarks of this city, and with its early history is associated the early history of Presbyterianism in this State. The foundation of this church society was half a century ago, when this was the "-Far West," and when the church was following closely in the footsteps of pioneer civilization. Of those who took an active part in the organization of this church there yet remain a very few to tell the story of its early history. In 1820, the future city of Indianapolis was mapped out and its lots offered for sale. In August of 1821 Rev. Ludlow G. Gaines preached the first Presbyterian sermon in the city, in a grove south of the present State House square. In 1822, Rev. David C. Proctor, of Connecticut, was engaged as a missionary for one year. In 1823 a subscription of $1,200 was raised and a house of worship erected on Pennsylvania street, near the corner of Market. On the 5th of July of the same year, a Presbyterian church was organized and the names of fifteen members enrolled. In 1842, a second house of worship was erected, on the corner of Market and Circle streets, at a cost of $8,300, and on the 6th of May, 1843, it was dedicated. In 1864, the foundations of the present church edifice were laid. The chapel, containing a lecture room, a social room, Sabbath-School rooms and pastor's study, was erected and opened for service in 1866. The present audience room was opened for service December 29th, 1870. Since the organization of the society in 1823, a period of nearly 47 years, the congregation has built three church edifices and one mission church-now the Seventh Presbyterian Church-and has had the following pastors: Rev. Geo. Bush, Rev. John R. Moreland, Rev. James W. McKennan, Rev. Phineas D. Gurley, D. D., Rev. John A. McClung, D. D., Rev. Thomas Cunningham, D. D., Rev. J. Howard Nixon, and Rev. R. D. Harper, D. D. Dr. Harper recently resigned the pastorate to accept a call from Philadelphia, and the church authorities have not, at this writing, selected his successor. The only surviving pastors are Rev. Dr. Cunningham, of San Francisco; Rev. J. Howard Sixon, of Springfield, Missouri, and Rev. Dr. Harper, of Philadelphia. At different intervals the following persons have served the church with great 207 BELIGIO'US. HOLLOWAY'S INDIA4CAPOLIrS. acceptance as stated supply: Rev. Ludlow G. Gaines, Rev. David C. Proctor, Rev. Isaac Reed, Rev. William A. Holliday, Rev. Samuel Fulton, Rev. Charles S. Mills and Rev. J. F. Dripps. The following persons have served as elders in this church from its organization until the present time: Dr. Isaac Coe, Caleb Scudder, John Johnson, Ebenezer Sharpe, John G. Brown, Col. James Blake, Hon. Samuel Bigger, George S. Brandon, Charles Axtell, H. C. Newcomb, James M. Ray, Thomas H. Sharpe, William Sheeta, Thomas McIntire, General Benjamin Harrison, Myron A. Stowell and William R. Craig. In December, 1838, fifteen members of this church were granted letters of dismission to organize the Second Presbyterian Church of this city; and in 1851, thirteen years subsequently, letters of dismission were granted to twenty-one persons, including three Elders, Caleb Scudder, James Blake and H. C. Newcomb, to organize the Third Presbyterian Church of this city. These little bands, who separated from the parent society, have grown into full, well-equipped organizations, and are doing good service in the cause of Christianity. The church has a membership of three hundred and fifty one. The SabbathSchool has four hundred and twenty-five members. The principal officers of the church are: Ruling Elders-James M. Ray, Thos. H. Sharpe, Wm. Sheets, Thos. McIntire,. -M.A. Stowell, Benj. Harrison, Robert Browning, James W. Brown, Jere. McLene, Isaac C. Hays, H. L. Walker, A. M. Benham. Deacons-Wm. J. Johnston, J. A. Vinnedge, Henry D. Carlisle, E. P. Howe, Carlos Dickson, Charles Latham. Trustees-E. B. Martindale, Robert Browning, James W. Brown, William Braden, Upton J. Hammond. Superintendent of Sabbath School, E. B. Martindale. The church edifice is in the Gothic style of architecture and is an artistic and elegant structure. The main building, sixty by one hundred feet, fronts on Pennsylvania street; and in the rear, on New York street, is the chapel building, fifty by seventy-five feet. The audience room, in its design and appointments, is one of the finest in the country. Its pews are arranged in curved lines; the windows are of beautiful stained glass; the ceiling is very ornamental, "rafter finished," and finely frescoed. The tower is one hundred and seventy-six feet in height. The building is built of pressed brick, trimmed with dressed stone. The chapel is divided into three rooms: two for social meetings, and one for the pastor's study. The second story contains the Sabbath-School room. The dimensions of the building are sixty-five by one hundred and fifty-five feet. The cost of building and site was $104,117.74. SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Location: Corner of Pennsylvania and Vermont streets. The materials for the ensuing sketch of this organization have been chiefly obtained from a discourse preached at the opening of the present chapel, by Rev. Hanford A. Edson, the pastor. The society was formed, with fifteen members, November 19, 1838, in the Marion County Seminary, a small brick building standing, until 1860, at the south-west corner of University Square. The Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, the first pastor, entered upon his work July 31st, 1839. Worship was continued in 20S RELIGIOUS. the Seminary for a year. Afterward the congregation removed to their own edi fice, the present High School building, on the north-west corner of Circle and Market streets, occupying at first the lecture-room. This house was dedicated to the worship of the Most High, October 4th, 1840. On the 19th of September, 1847, the pastorate of Mr. Beecher closed, and he removed to Brooklyn, New York, where he has since gained the reputation as a pulpit orator, with which the world is familiar. He was succeeded by Rev. Clement E. Babb, at the time a student in Lane Seminary, now associate editor of the Herald an-d Presbyter, of Cincinnati. He commenced work May 7th, 1848, and continued in the pastorate until January 1st, 1853. It was under his supervision that a colony, now the Fourth Presbyterian Church, was established, with twenty-four members. This occurred November 30th, 1851. The third pastor, RPev. Thornton A. Mills, began his work Janu ary 1st, 1854, and remained with the Church three years, the relation between pas tor and people, being dissolved by the Presbytery, February 9th, 1857. Dr. Mills having been elected Secretary of the General Assembly's Committee on Education, went at once to New York. He is the only one of the pastors of the Church not now living. He died suddenly June 19th, 1867. Rev. George P. Tindall was his successor, called to the pastorate August 6th, 1857, and continuing in the field until September 27th, 1863. During his ministry, in 1858 and 1859, large numbers were added to the Church. The present pastor, Rev. Hanford A. Edson, has-occupied the place since January 17th, 1864. On the 15th of May of that year, a building was dedicated at the corner of Michigan and Blackford streets for a Mission Sunday School, which had been established by members of the Second Church, and which has now grown into the "Fifth Presbyterian Ch(rch." November 20th, 1867, another colony, the "' Olivet Presbyterian Church," was formed with twentyone members, a house of worship having been dedicated for them a month pre — vious. For the beautiful stone edifice at the corner of Pennsylvania and Vermont streets, of which we present an engraving, ground was broken in the spring of' 1864. The corner stone was laid May 14th, 1866; the chapel occupied December 22d, 1867; and the completed edifice dedicated January 9th, 1870. Mr. Joseph Curzon, of this city is the architect. The entire cost of the property is about $105,000. The present membership of the church is considerably above four hunt dred. The Sabbath-School is in a flourishing condition, and has three hundred pupils enrolled. Besides the pastor, the officers of the society are as follows: Ruling Elders.-William N. Jackson, Samuel F. Smith, Enoch C. Mayhew,Edwin J. Peck, John S. Spann, William S. Hubbard, Thomas A. Morris, Moses R.. Barnard, and Frederick W. Chislett. Deacons.-Sandford Morris, Edward S. Field, Clement A. Greenleaf, GeorgeW. Crane, William W. Wentz, Richard AI. Smock, David W. Coffin, and Willis H&Pettit. Trustees.-William P. Fishback, William M. Wheatley, John S. Spann, James M. Bradshaw, and William Mansur. The church edifice is massive and imposing. It is built, from foundation to spire, of rubble limestone; the corners, buttresses, and other projecting angles,. being artistically faced with dressed stone. Its architecture is the Gothic style of the twelfth century. The auditorium is seventy-eight feet in length by fifty-. seven feet in width; thirty-seven feet high in the center, and twenty-six and one-half feet at the side walls; with a recess for the choir twelve by thirty-two (14) 209 feet, and another for the pulpit, five by fourteen feet. The ceiling is finished in ash and black walnut; with plastered panels separated by stucco mouldings. The pews, pulpit, and other wood work, in the interior, are also, richly finished in walnut and ash. The windows are highly ornamented. The chapel, session room, and pastor's study, are in keeping with the elegance of the auditorium; as is, also, the Sabbath-School room, now in the second story. The auditorium is lighted by silvered reflectors. The main tower is one hundred and sixty-one and one-half feet in height, and eighteen feet square at the base. A smaller tower at the entrance to the chapel, is ninety-five and one-half feet in height. Without, the structure is massive and artistic; within, it is elegantly and tastefully finished and furnished. THIRD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Location: Northeast corner of Illinois and Ohio streets. This church was organized on the 23d September, 1851, at the residence of Caleb Scudder, Esq., in this city, by the Presbytery of Muncie; twenty-one person withdrawing for the purpose from the First Church. Prominent among the founders of this association were James Blake, Caleb Scudder, John W. Hamilton, H. C. Newcomb, Nathaniel Bolton, Dr. W. C. Thompson and C. B. Davis. The congregation first met for religious worship in Temperance Hall; and afterward erected the present church building, which was completed and dedicated in 1859. The Third Church has for many years been aprominent religious power in the community. Its present membership is four hundred and fifty. The Sabbathschool numbers two hundred and thirty-three pupils. In 1867 a colony went out from this congregation and formed the Fifth Presbyterian Church; which has since been sustained in part by the parent church. The Third Church has had the following pastors: The Rev. David Stevenson, from 1851 to October, 1860; the Rev. George C. Heckman, D. D., from 1861 to 1867; the Rev. Robert Sloss, the present pastor, since June, 1868. Prominent among the earlier members and officers of this church are the names of James Blake, Caleb Scudder, Hon. H. C. Newcomb, John W. Hamilton, Chas. N. Todd, Dr. W. C. Thompson, the Rev. C. G. McLean, D. D., Wm. M. Blake, William Stewart, Silas T. Bowen, Dr. Theophilus Parvin, J. D. Carmichael, L. N. Andrews, William Glenn and H. W. Keehn. The church edifice, though not so imposing or elegant in its architectural aspects, as several others in the city, is nevertheless a commodious and substantial structure, built of brick, with stone facings, in the modified Norman style of architecture. Its external dimensions are eighty by forty-eight feet. The size of the audience room is seventy-one by forty-five feet; and it has, including the gallery, seating capacity for about six hundred persons. The value of the property is about $50,000. The present officers of the church are: Pastor.-Rev. Robert Sloss. Elders.-H. C. Newcomb, S. T. Bowen, J. D. Carmichael, Dr. T. Parvin, C. N. Todd, L N. Andrews, A. S. Walker. Deacons.-James Muir, James Wilson, Wm. M. Blake, Chas. G. Stewart, D, H. Wiles, R. Frank Kennedy, Wm. Judson, James D. Brown. Trustees.-Thos. D. Kingan, W. W. Woollen, D. H. Wiles, R. F. Kennedy, Wm. Judson, James Hasson, Frank Landers. 210 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. -ELIGIO US. FOURTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. location: Corner of Delaware and Market streets. The Fourth Presbyterian Church was formed by a colony from the Second Presbyterian Church. On the 30th of November, 1851, twenty-four members of the latter society withdrew by letters, and proceeded at once to organize under the name of the Fourth Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis. Two elders were elected, Alexander Graydon and Samuel Merrill. A call was extended to the Rev. George M. Maxwell, of Marietta, Ohio, with the offer of a salary of $800. The call was accepted, and Mr. Maxwe!l commenced his services as pastor early in the year 1852. After nearly six years of struggle, the society, on the 13th of September, 1857, was enabled to dedicate the present house of worship to Divine service. The number of members at that date was one hundred and fifteen. In the spring of 1858 a religious revival resulted in a large increase of the membership. In November, 1858, Mr. Maxwell's health failing, he resigned, much to the regret of his congregation. In October, 1859, the Rev. A. L. Brooks received a unanimous call, which he accepted, at a salary of $1,500.00, and commenced his labcrs immediately. Rev. Mr. Brooks labored with the church until March, 1862, when he accepted a call from Chicago. In July, 1862, the Rev. Charles H. Marshall accepted a call to the pastorate of the Fourth Church. His salary, at first $1,000, was gradually increased during his stay to $2,500. Many additions were made to the church during the revival of 1869. In October, 1870, Mr. Marshall was compelled by failing health to sever his pastoral relation with the church, to the general regret of the membership. During his pastorate the war for the UJnion began and ended; and at one time the Fourth Church demonstrated its patriotism by sending to the field not only its pastor, as chaplain, but some forty of its young men. On the 1st of January, 1871, Mr. Marshall was succeeded by the Rev. J. H. Morron, of Peoria, Illinois, the present pastor. The church membership numbers one hundred and eighty-five; that of the Sabbath-Schools, about one hundred and seventy-five. The church edifice presents a somewhat ancient and time-worn aspect externally. It is quite commodious, having seating accommodations for about six huntdred persons. The building is of stuccoed brick, and is surmounted by a high tower. The value of the property is about $507000, and it is free of debt. The elders of the church since its organization have been: Alexander Graydon, Samuel Merrill, Horace Bassett, John L. Ketcham, Henry S. Kellogg, Alexander H. Davidson, Charles W. Moores, David Kregelo, Robert Evans, Emanuel Haugh, John McKeehan, Samuel Merrill, J. H. Brown, Robert M. Stewart. Col. Samuel Merrill is Superintendent of the Sabbath-schools. The officers for the current year are: Elders.-David Kregelo, Robert Evans, John McKeehan, Samuel Merrilj, Robert Stewart, James H. Brown. Deacons.-William H. Comingor, Joseph R. Haugh, Hervey Bates, John L. Ketcham, Robert W. Cathcart, Daniel W. Grubbs. Trustees.-Wm. A. Bradshaw, Joseph K. Sharpe, David Kregelo, Joseph R. Haugh, John D. Condit. 211 HOLLOWA Y'S INDIA4NAPOLI1 FIFTH CHURCH. Location: East side of Blackford street, between Vermont and Michigan streets. A frame chapel, erected on the above stated site in 1864, for the purposes of a Mission Sabbath-School, was purchased in the' autumn of 1866, by the Third Church, into whose control the School then passed. In October, 1867, it was organized by the authority of the Indianapolis Presbytery, as the ~fth Presbyterian Church, with eighteen members: twelve from the Third, and one from the First Presbyterian Churches of this: city, and five from churches elsewhere located. The exercises incident to the organization were conducted by Revs. George C., Heckman, L. G. Hay, W. W. Sickles; and Elders James Blake and Charles N. Todd. The first, only, and present pastor of the society, is the Rev. William Be' Chamberlain, who began his labors as such in the summer of 1869; was ordained in October of that year, and installed in October, 1870. The chapel is a frame building; cost, with site, $2,000; and will seat two hundred persons. The growth and prosperity of the society have been such as to demand and warrant a better and more commodious- house of worship. For this purpose a desirable site has been secured on the south-west corner of Michigan and Blackford streets; where excavation is now being made for a new building, to be of' brick, cruciform, with a fine tower; having a basement for Sabbath-School and other purposes; and an audience room with a capacity to seat four hundred and, fifty persons. The cost of the new structure will be from $12,000 to $15,000. Thesociety expect to occupy the basement by the fall of 1872, and hope to complete the building within two or three years. The number of members is about one hundred and fifty. The Sabbath-School' has two hundred and fifty members. OLIVET CHURCH. Location: Corner of Union and M'cCarty streets. This church was established by a colony from the Second Church. A few, members of the parent body, met with their pastor, on the 22nd of June, 1867r and instructed a committee to buy a suitable site in the south-western quarter of the city. The corner of Union and McCarty streets was selected for that purpose; the present church building was: erected without. delay, and was. dedicated on the 20th of October, of the same year, by the Rev. H. A. Edson, pastor of the Second Church. On the 20th of November, 1867, a church organization was effected. The first pastor was the Rev. J. B. Brandt; the second the Rev. Luman A. Aldrich; the third, and present, the Rev. Joseph E. Scott. The house of worship is a plain' comfortable frame building. The property is valued at $2,500, and is free from.debt. The Church membership numbers over one hundred persons;' that of the Sunday-School about one hundred and twenty-five. SEVENTH CHURCH. Location: Elm street, near Cedar. Originally established as a mission enterprise, by the First Church, and in its infancy conducted and" sustained by- the parent body, the Seventh Church has 21 R'ELI -IO US. mow about attained the stature of a full grown and self-sustaining organization; able and entitled to manage its own affairs. Of the maxim that "Christianity is the greatest civilizer," the results of this enterprise are a triumphant exemplifi,cation. One Sabbath day, early in the year 1865, Wm. R. Craig, a resident of the southeastern part of the city, was much disturbed by a rude and lawless troop of boys, outrageously wanting in that training which inspires a decent respect for the Sabbath day. Their repeated and flagrant violations of the Sabbath, and unruly conduct generally, had often outraged the feelings of the staid old Scotchman, but never to such a degree as on this occasion; and now, for the first time, he began to seriously debate with himself the question of a remedy. He thought of applying to the police; and then dismissed that recourse, as being an inadequate measure of relief, and not sufficiently radical. Finally he decided that a Sabbath-School, by reach-ing the consciences of the offenders, would, in the course of time, effect a thorough and lasting cure. Mr. Craig, who was a member of the First Church, proceeded at once to prepare for the application of his remedy. The pastor and elders of that church concurred in his proposition, and called a meeting of'the pastors and elders of the four principal Presbyterian churches, to consult upon a plan for opening the campaign-; a meeting of the officers and pastors of the First and Third Churches was shortly afterward held to consider the question; and finally it was agreed that the First Church should take suitable steps to provide spiritual instruction for the south-eastern quarter of the city.. Wm. R. Craig and N. M. Wood were shortly afterward appointed a committee to establish a Sabbath-school there; for defraying the expenses of which work of organi-zation, $130 was voted. A room in an old carpenter shop, belonging to Pleter Routier, on Cedar street, was rented for the purpose. The school was organized by Messrs. W. R. Craig andThomas McIntire, and successfully conducted through the summer of 1865 under the superintendence of N. M. Wood, Esq. The rude building then occupied by the mission proving too small and uncom,fortable for the purpose, it was decided to erect a suitable building for SabbathSchool and other religious services. Through the exertions of James M. Ray, a ,member of the First Presbyterian Church, a site was secured in Fletcher's Addition, donated by Calvin Fletcher, Sr., A Stone, W. S. Witt, Elisha Taylor and James M. Hough. The Board of Church Extension pledged $500 to aid in the erection of a building, and the First Church took upon itself the responsibility of seeing to it that the new enterprise should not fail. To this end Elder Thomas McIntire and.James W. Brown, Esq., were appointed a committee to superintend the work of erecting the new building. Subscriptions to the amount of over $3,200 were collected, and the building was completed and occupied by the Sabbath-School early in December, 1865. The parent church supplied the Rev. W. W. Sickles to preach for the young congregation for a period of six months. The dedicatory exercises were held on the 24th December, 1865, and were conducted by the Rev. J. H. Nixon, pastor of the First Church. The Rev. Thomas Galt, licentiate, of Chicago, preached for the congregation from May to September of 1867; and was succeeded by Rev. C. M. Howard. At 7~ 1. M., on the 27th November, 1867, the church was formally organized by order of the Presbytery; the committee consisting of the Revs. J. H. Nixon and William Armstrong, and Elders Thomas McIntire and William R. Craig. Twentythree persons, either by examination or by letter, were admitted into the new organiation. Wm. R. -Craig was chosen the first elder, and the Rev. C. M. Ho(ward was '213 invited to become the pastor. Mr. Howard was a gentleman of extraordinary religious enthusiasm and industry. The field was forbidding, and a pastor in search of a pleasant sphere of labor, where the wilderness had been subdued by Christian cultivation, would have avoided the pioneer duty assumed by Mr. Howard. The. latter labored with such patient and persevering industry, that great success followed his efforts, and the church rapidly increased in numbers. Worn out by hard service, he was obliged to ask a release from his pastoral duties, and he retired from that position in October, 1869 In November, 1869, the Rev. John B. Brandt was called to supply the congre gation. At the end of the year he was compelled to discontinue his pastoral relation to the church, on account of the demands on his time by the Young Men's Christian Association of this city, of which he was the Superintendent. During the year 1869 Samuel E. Kennedy, Edwin G. Barrett and Alexander Craig were elected elders; Messrs. J. W. Kolwes, Lewis H. Decker and James Duthie, deacons; C. A. Griffith, Robert J. Pedloe, John R. Childers, Jacob Beltz, Hiram C. Husted, J. W. Brown, Edwin G. Barrett, and John Jolly, Trustees. Rev. L. G. Hay took charge of the church November 1st, 1870, remaining about six months. He was specially qualified for this post by many years of experience in similar fields, and by a happy union of religious zeal with practical sagacity, and the society flourished during his pastorate. -Rev. Charles H. Raymond has recently assumed pastoral charge of this church,. and entered upon his work with the hearty co.operation of his people. The Scotchman's remedy for the cure of disorder in his locality has proven successful. The present number of communicants is over one hundred. The SabbathSchool reckons about two hundred and fifty members and twenty officers and teachers The success of the latter is largely due to the Superintendent, Mr. Ebenezer Sharpe, who lately retired from this position to take charge of the North, Street Mission School. The present Superintendent is Mr. Alexander Craig. The value of the property is about $2,000. PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONS. North Street LMission.-Location: On the corner of North and Delaware streets This flourishing mission of the First Presbyterian Church, was established im July, 1870. The mission building had been occupied for Sabbath-School purpos(s before this time, being known as the "Saw Mill Mission," but for several months the field had been abandoned. The leading spirits in the new organization were Gen. Ben. Harrison, Dr. C. C. Burgess, Ebenezer Sharpe, Capt. E. P.o Howe, I. C. Hays and others, all members of the First Presbyterian Church. The S tbbath School has an average attendance of over two hundred, sometimes reaching nearly two hundred and fifty. Regular religious services are held of Stinday evenings, and a prayer meeting, conducted by the officers of the mission, is held on each Wednesday' evening. Rev. L. G Hay has been appointed to take charge of this mission, and it is expected that a church will be established in the course of the present year. The laborers in this work have been active and zealous, andl it has been a successful enterprise from the start. The chapel occupied by the mission, was purchased for that purpose by James W. Brown, Esq., a citizen noted for his munifi — cence in regard to religious enterprises,in this city. The mission' has thus had a 214 HOLLOWA,Y"S INDI'ANAPOLYS, RELIIGIOUS. chapel furnished free of rent-an assistance of no small moment to a young organization. From the importance of this field and the encouragement which the enterprise has received, it is confidently predicted that the North Street Mission will, at no greatly distant day, develop into one of the largest and most prosperous churches of Indianapolis. The value of the property is about $2,500. Memorial Chapel is located on the corner of Christian avenue and Bellefontaine street; and was founded, as it has since been maintained, by the Second Presbyterian Church. A Sabbath-School, under the charge of Mr. M. R. Barnard, as superintendent, was immediately organized, and has steadily increased in prosperity ever since. George Crane, Esq., succeeded Mr. Barnard, in October, 1870. His labors in building up the mission have been both zealous and successful; so that the average attendance is about seventy-five. From the first, weekly prayer meetings have been held; which have also been well attended-the citizens in that vicinity taking an active interest in the success of the mission. Should the enterprise continue to prosper in the future as in the past, (of which there is no reason to doubt,) the result will be the early admission of this mission into the Presbytery as a full grown church. The building in which the services of the Mission are held, is a neat frame structure, with seating room for about two hundred persons, and was erected in the spring of 1870, at a cost, including that of site, of about $3,500. West Street Mission.-Location: West street, near Georgia. This mission was established on the 25th of July, 1869, by a colony of young men from the First Church, assisted by two or three other persons; who secured, for their purpose, a building formerly used as a Soldiers' Barracks, located as above. The field was not inviting, and the building anything but elegant or attractive; but the founders of the enterprise, with little but their own zeal and persistence (of which they have certainly expended an extraordinary amount) to aid them in the work, succeeded in establishing and conducting a useful and growing mission of the Presbyterian Church, in a locality where there was great need of such an undertaking. They began by organizing a Sabbath-School, with Henry D. Carlisle as superintendent. The school was successful from the beginning. The average attendance of pupils is about seventy-five; any material increase of which number is hindered by the limited capacity of the building. Mr. Carlisle has, with the exception of an intermission of a few months, been the superintendent ever since. The young men who founded the mission have, with the assistance of an additional helper or two, continued to sustain it; and have managed to accumulate a handsome Sunday-School library, and an organ, besides fitting up the room and paying the rental. During the past summer, out-door meetings, largely attended, were held every Sabbath in front of the building; and when the cold weather put a stop to these, and forced the "Colony" to adjourn to the inside, these meetings were not discontinued. These religious services have been conducted by the five young men in charge of the Sabbath-School, (Henry D. Carlisle, P. L. Mayhew, R. D. Craighead, Leroy W. Braden, and Charles Meigs;) who-as they express it-"being 215 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. too poor to secure a regular minister, have had to do their own preaching,-with what help they could get from laymen of the different churches of the city.' The attendance at these Sabbath evening meetings has generally been as large as the limited capacity of the building woild admit of. Indianola Mission.-The location of this mission is in Indianola, on Washington street, half a mile west of the White River Bridge. The property was, for a number of years, occupied as a Methodist church. Having fallen into disuse by the latter denomination, a mission Sabbath-School was started there on the 15th of July, 1870, by three of the young members of the Third Presbyterian Church H H. Fulton, E.G. Williams, and John G. Blake. The field for ihe mission was large and necessitous; and it has had a good degree of success. Beside the usual Sabbath-School exercises, religious services of Sabbath evenings, have for some time been regularly held-chiefly by laymen. Arrangements for the purchase of the property by the Presbyterian denomination, will, it is expected, be concluded shortly; and thus another addition to the list of'Presbyterian churches in this city, is far advanced in its devrelopement. The mission is directed by John G. Blake, as Superintendent, with an Assistant Superintendent, ten teachers, and the usual additional officers. The number of members is about one hundred. The value of the property is about $1,000. Summary-Total membership of the Presbyterian Denomination in Indianapolis, 1,736; total Sabbath-School membership, 2,008; total value of church property, $320,117.74. BAPTIST. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. Location: North-east corner of New York and Pennsylvania streets. The first assemblage of Baptists in Indianapolis was nearly fifty years ago. An old record, still preserved, quaintly states that "The Baptists at, and near Indianapolis, having removed from various parts of the world, met at the School House in Indianapolis, in August, 1822, and after some consultation, adopted the follow~ ing resolution. Resolved, that we send for helps, and meet at Indianapolis, on the 20th day of Sept'r next for the purpose of establishing a regular Baptist church at s'd place. That John W. Reding write letters to little Flat Rock & Little Cedar Grove churches for help. That Samuel McCormack write letters to Lick Creek and Franklin churches for helps-then adjourned." The next meeting was pursuant to adjournment. Elder Tyner attended from Little Cedar Grove church and "after Divine service went into business." "Letters were received and read from Brothers Benjamin Barns, Jeremiah Johnson, Thomas Carter, Otis Hobart, John Hobart, Theodore V. Denny, John McCormack, Samuel McCormack, John Thompson, and William Dodd, and Sisters Jane Johnson, Nancy Carter, Nancy Thompson, Elizabeth McCormack, and Polly Carter, then adjourned until Saturday morning 10 o'clk." Saturday morning: "Met according to adjournment and after Divine service letters were rec'd from John W. Reding and Hannah Skinner. Brother B. Barjns was appointed to speak and answer for the members-and Brother Tyner went into an examination, and finding the members sound in the Faith pronounced them a regular Baptist church, and directed them to go into business." 216 — 1 Ei,rogtt & Kres L-na 2)~~~~~Ij R\r'- -rfJA( t 4 -, t, o0.I RELIGIO US. "Brother Tyner was then chosen moderator, and John W. Reding clerk 1st agreed to be called and known by the name of the First Baptist Church, at Indianapolis, then adjourned until the third Saturday in Oct'r 1822. J. W. REDING, CK." Benjamin Barns appears to have been rather the most prominent among the early membership, for on the third Saturday of June, 1823, the record recites: "agreed that Bro. B. Barns be called to preach to this church once a month until the end of this year: to which Bro. Barns agreed." The first deacon was John Thompson, who was, by a unanimous vote of the church, called to that office on the third Saturday of December, 1822. In May, 1823, Samuel McCormack was "ordered to be a singing clk. to this church." A committee appointed to secure a place for worship, consisting of J. Carter, H. Bradly, and D. Wood, reported that " the School house may be, had without interruption." This was a new log school house, situated on the north side of; and partly in, i[aryland street, between Tennessee and Mississippi streets. On the third Saturday, in November, 1824, a committee of three was appointed ' to rent a room or repair the school house for a meeting house the ensuing season, to report at the next meeting." At the next meeting, in January, 1825, the committee reported "that $1.25 had been expended in repairing the school house,and the deacon is requested to pay the same out of the joint funds, and that each Brother pay the Bro. deacon a small sum on to-morrow." At the same meeting it was, "on motion, agreed that the church petition the present Gen'l Assembly for a site to build a meeting house upon; and that the S. E. half of the shaded block 90 be selected,-and that Bro. J. Hobart, H. Bradley and the elk. be appointed to bear the petition." In due time the committee reported that the petition had "failed." In the spring of 1825, Major Thomas Chinn invited the church to use his house as a place for worship during the summer; which invitation was accepted. In June, 1825, the church purchased from Wm. Wilmott, Esq., lot 2, in square 50, for use. There was a small frame house on the lot, which was not plastered, and arrangements were made to finish it, which were afterwards "postponed sinadi," and the house left as it was. An apportionment was ordered to pay for the house and lot, and a committee reported an assessment of $48, divided among the fifteen male members of the church. In January, 1826, Rev. Cornelius Duvall, of Owen county, Kentucky, was called to the pastorate. Nothing resulted from this call, so far as appears upon the records, and in December, 1826, Rev. Abraham Smock was called as pastor for one year; he accepted and soon began his labors. Soon afterward, the church disposed of the lot purchased from Wilmott, and lot 3, in square 75 (where Schnull's block now stands) was purchased for $100, and a meeting house erected in 1829. In July, 1830, Rev. A. Smock resigned, and for some time the church was without a pastor. In September, 1831, of two members reeeived into the church, by letter, one was "'Bro. Mosely Stewart, (man of color.") In May, 1832, Rev. Byron Lawrence was "requested to preach for us as frequently as he can on Lord's day for six months." In April, 1833, Revs. Jameson Hawkins, Byron Lawrence, and Ezra Fisher, were "invited to preach for this church statedly, on each Lord's day, making their own arrangements." In August, 1833, "Bro. Anthony A. Slaton, (man of color,) was rec'd by letter." 217 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. In February, 1834, Rev. Ezra Fisher was called "to be the stated preacher of the church." He served in this capacity some months, and in January, 1835, T. C. Townsend was requested to preach by the church, until a regular pastor should be settled. In July, 1835, Rev. J. L. Richmond was called to the pastorate and accepted. The house of worship first erected on the new lot was replaced in due time by a more pretentious frame edifice, which was occupied by the church as a place of worship, for a number of years. In 1843, the Rev. George C. Chandler took the pastorate and remained until 1847. He was succeeded by Rev. T. R. Cressy, who continued until 1852. He, in turn, gave way to Rev. Sidney Dyer, who labored until 1857, and was followed by Rev. J. B. Simmons, who preached from 1858 to 1861. On the morning of the first Sunday, in January, 1861, the church building was destroyed by fire, and for a time after that, the congregation worshiped in Masonic Hall. Mr. Simmons resigned the pastorate in 1861, and Rev. Henry Day, of Philadelphia, was called to the vacant pulpit. Mr. Day accepted tbe call, has been the pastor of the church ever since, and has fully earned his high place in the public estimation, without as within his congregation. To repair the destruction caused by the fire, the church at once purchased a desirable site on the north-east corner of New York and Pennsylvania streets, and in 1862, began the erection of the commodious and handsome brick edifice shown in the accompanying engraving. Under the ministration of Rev. Mr. Day, the church has enjoyed an uninterrupted progress; so that to-day, in respect of the extent and character of its congregation, and of influence, it occupies the front rank in the numerous religious societies of Indianapolis, The present number of members is five hundred and fifty-eight. The Sabbath-School is also in a highly prosperous condition. For a period of over twenty years, it was under the charge of the late J. R. Osgood, to whose eminent zeal, piety, and efficiency, a large measure of its prosperity is due. The school now numbers over six hundred scholars. The church building, though not strictly homogeneous and "true" in respect of its architecture, is nevertheless, a commodious and elegant edifice; and its internal appointments are of the first class. It cost about $50,000; and will readily seat twelve hundred people. It has a fine organ that cost $2,500. Its erection was one of the fruits of that quite recent spirit of rivalry in splendor of church architecture, that has resulted in making Indianapolis eminent for the number of its elegant church edifices. The officers for the present year are as follow: Pastor.-Reverend Henry Day, D. D. Deacons.-E. C. Atkins, H. S. Gillet, and J. M. Sutton. Trustees.-C. P. Jacobs, J. W. Smither, E. J. Foster, H. Knippenberg, H. C. Martin, J. M. Sutton, S. C. Hanna, and W. C. Smock. SOUTH STREET BAPTIST CHURCE. Location: Corner of South and Noble streets. The "Home Church" (as the First Baptist Church is called) purchased a lot on the corner of South and Noble streets, erected a neat brick chapel thereon, and began a mission in that part of the city. A Sunday-School was at once established, which developed a deep interest, and in 1869, seventy-six of the members of 218 RELIGIOUS. the First Church withdrew by letter, and formed a new society known as the South Street Baptist Church, receiving from the parent body a free gift of the chapel building and grounds. This church now enjoys a happy prosperity under the pastorate of Rev. William Elgin. The number of members is about one hundred; Sabbath-School membership, two hundred and fifty. The value of the property is about $10,000. GARDEN MISSION. Location: Corner of Washington and Missouri streets. A second mission interest was established by the First Church, in 1866, in the old German theater, on the corner of Tennessee street and Kentucky avenue. It now occupies the building at the corner of Washington and Missouri streets, and sustains a weekly prayer meeting, and a Sunday-School of one hundred and fifty scholars. Henry Knippenberg, Esq., is the Superintendent. NORTH BAPTIST MISSION. In April, 1870, a third mission interest was established on the corner of Cherry and Broadway streets, and is now known as the North Baptist Mission. This interest sustains a Sunday-School of about one hundred and seventy pupils, under the charge of C. P. Jacobs, Esq., Superintendent. Preaching every Sunday, a weekly prayer meeting on Tuesday evening, and an adult Bible class. A neat chapel, thirty-two by forty-five feet, has been erected and furnished, and a church will doubtless be organized here during the coming year. The value of the property is about $6,000. SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH-(COLORED.) Location: M;chigan street, between Indiana avenue and West street. This church was founded in the year 1846, by the Rev. Mr. Sachel, a missionary of Cincinnati. The services of the congregation were first held in a school house on Alabama street. In 1849, they built their first house of worship, on North Missouri street, between Ohio and New York streets. It was a small building, twenty by thirty feet; and was burned in the winter of 1851. The building was not insured, and the congregation for some time afterward, worshiped in a house near the corner of North and Blackford streets, owned by John Brown, Esq., (now deceased), who was a deacon of the church, and a prime mover in building the first and second houses of worship of the congregation. In the latter part of the year 1852, the church building was rebuilt, on the site occupied by the building that had been burned. It was a cheap, one story structure, twenty-six by thirty-six feet; and was enlarged in 1864. The congregation seem to have always been both prosperous and enterprising; and accordingly we find them commencing the erection of a more commodious house of worship, in September, 1867. It will, when completed, be a neat and capacious building, reflecting great credit on the congregation, considering the means at their disposal and the obstacles they had to overcome. The dimensions are sixty-three feet square. The basement has been completed and occupied, and the building will be completed in due time. 219 HOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLIS. The auditorum will occupy an entire story, with a ceiling twenty-two and onehalf feet in height, and a gallery all around. The extreme elevation at the top of the belfry, will be one hundred and five feet. The cost of the completed structure will be about $16,000. The congregation has been served by the following pastors. Joshua Harmon, (since deceased), 1848-51; Jesse Young, 1852-53; J. J. Fitzgerald, (since deceased,) 1853-5; George Butler, 1855-6; Pleasant Bowles, 1857, (for six months); and Rev. Moses Broyles, the present pastor, who is now in the fourteenth year of his pastoral relation to the congregation. For the want of method and system in the administration of its affairs, the church underwent many trials and vicissitudes during the first eleven years of its existence. When Mr. Broyles took charge of affairs in 1857; the membership was not more than twenty-five; now it is four hundred and thirty-five, and steadily increasing. The usual Sabbath and week day religious services, are regularly held in this church. Its affairs are now methcdically administered, and it has all the officers of a well appointed, thoroughly organized church. The Sabbath-School, of which Andrew Lewis is superintendent, has two hundred and sixty-five members, and is divided into twenty classes, with as many teachers. Summary-Total membership of the Baptist Church in Indianapolis, one thousand and ninety-three; total Sabbath-School membership, one thousand two hundred and sixty-five; total value of church property, $76,000. CONGREG A TIONAL. PLYMOUTH CHURCH. Location Meridian street, near Circle Park. This church was organized August 9th, 1857. The original membership consisted of thirty-one persons, a mnajority of whom joined by letter from other churches in this city. For several months previous to the organization, these members supported religious worship and a Sabbath-School in the Senate Chamber of the State House. There the church continued to worship (except for a short period, during which services were held in Ramsey's Hall on Illinois street), until their removal to their present edifice on the north-west corner of Circle and Meridian streets. For a few months after the organization, Rev. W. C. Bartlett officiated as minister. The original officers of the church were as follow: Trustees.-A. G. Willard, E. T. Sinker, W. W. Roberts, E. J. Baldwin. Deacons.-Horace Bassett, Albert G. Willard, Edward T. Sinker, Benjamin M. Ludden. Clerk.-E. Montgomery. Treasurer.-Albert G. Willard. Rev. N. A. Hyde, the first pastor, entered upon his duties in October, 1868, and resigned the pastorate in August, 1867, to beconme Superintendent of the American Home Missionary Society for Indiana. Rev. B. P. Ingersoll, the next pastor, commenced his labors March 1st, 1868, and resigned January, 1870. Rev. Joseph L. Bennett, the third and present pastor, entered upon his duties in January, 1871. The officers at the present time are the following 220 RELIGIOUS. 221 Trustees.-S. A. Fletcher, E. T. Sinker, (died April 5th, 1871), N. R. Smith, S. A. Fletcher, Jr. Deacons.-H. S. Rockey, A. G. Willard, I. S. Bigelow. Clerk.-Jared M. Bills. Treasurer.-Albert B. Willard. The membership of the church now numbers about two hundred. The Sabbath-School, John Martin, superintendent, numbers about one hundred and twentyfive. The house of worship occupied by this church was commenced in the fall of 1858; the front part, containing the lecture room, pastor's study and social rooms, was completed in September, 1859; this was occupied as the plice of worship by the congregation until the main audience room was erected, in 1866. Of the church building extensive improvements, both external and internal, were commenced in October, 1870; and the reconstructed and improved edifice was dedicated on the 30th of April, 1871, at which time the present pastor, the Rev. Joseph L. Bennett, was installed. The house of worship, if surpassed by others in size and architectural splendor, is nevertheless one of the most pleasant and convenient in this city of elegant and costly church buildings. The value of building and site is about $38,000. MAY FLOWER CHURCH. Location: Corner of St. Clair and East streets. A Sabbath-School, organized by the Young Men's Christian Association, at a small private house on the corner of Jackson and Cherry streets resulted in the organization of the present Mayflower Congregational Church, on the 23d May, 1869. The original membership consisted of thirteen members, who united with the church by letter: five from the Plymouth Congregational Church of this city; two from the Third Street M. E. Church; one from Roberts Park M. E. Church; three from the Fourth Presbyterian Church. The church building, located as above, was dedicated in January, 1870. It is a frame building, forty by sixty feet, and simple and neat in its architectural aspects. From the time of organization as a church until Novembar, 1870, the Rev. C. M. Sanders was pastor. He was succeeded on the 1st April, 1871, by the Rev. G. W. Barnum, the present pastor. Forty-three members have united with the church since its organization. The present number of members is about thirty-five. The Sabbath-School has about two hundred and twenty five pupils. The present officers are- M. H. Whitehead and J. R. Irving, Deacons; Andrew Fisher, Treasurer; E. D. Olin, Clerk; S. A. Fletcher, Andrew Fisher and E D. Olin, Trustees. The value of the church property is about $5,000. Summary-Total membership of the Congregational Denomination in Indianapolis, two hundred and thirty-five; total Sabbath-School membership, three hundred and fifty; total value of church property, $43,000. HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. OH RISTIAN. CHRISTIAi5 CHAPEL. Location: South-west corner of Ohio and Delaware streets. This society was organized on the 12th January, 1833. Dr. John H. Sanders and Peter II. Roberts were its first ruling elders. The number of names enrolled at the time of organization was twenty. Eld. John O)'Kane may appropriately be considered the Father of this church. He visited the city in the latter part of 1832, and started the movement that led to the organization of the society, of which he was the first preacher. During the early history of the church, and when it most needed aid, Ovid Butler, Esq., Robert A. Taylor, (since deceased, and father of Hon. Napoleon B. Taylor, of this city), Dr. John H. Sanders, (father of Mrs. Governor Wallace, Mrs. R. B. Duncan and Mrs. Dr. Gatling, of this city), and Mr. Charles Secrest were fast and liberal friends of the enterprise, and contributed freely to its support. Elder O'Kane, J. L. Jones, M. Combs, L. H. Jameson, A. Prather and others visited the city during the early years of the church, to hold protracted meetings which were generally successful. B. K. Smith, and Elder Chauncey Butler were resident laborers in this service. Through these instrumentalities the church gradually grew in strength; and a house of worship was built in the summer of 1836, on Kentucky avenue. On the 1st October, 1842, at the instance of Elder O'Kane, Elder L. H. Jameson became resident evangelist, in which service he continued until 1853. During the latter year the congregation occupied the present church edifice. At this date the membership had increased to three hundred and seventy-five. The succession of pastors thenceforward was: Elders James M. Mathes, for one year; L. H. Jameson, one year; Elder Elijah Goodwin, three years; Elder Perry Hall, three years; Elder O. A. Burgess, seven years; Elder W. F. Black, the present pastor, who has served the church for two years. Christian Chapel ranks among the leading churches of the city. The present number of members is about six hundred. The Sabbath-School has about two hundred members. The church building is quite plain externally; but is attractively furnished and appointed within. The value of the building and site is about $35,000. SECOND CHRISTIAN CIURCH (COLORED). Location: First street, between Mississippi street and the Lafayette Railway. This society was established in the spring of 1867, as a mission of the First Christian Church of this city, Prominent in its establishment and support during its infancy were Messrs. W. W. Dowling and J. M. Tilford. As soon as possible, and in a short time, a house of worship was secured at the above stated location. It is an unpretentious frame building, but sufficient to meet the present wants of the society; having capacity for about two hundred and fifty persons. The society consists of about one hundred members. The Sabbath-School is in a prosperous state, having about one hundred and twenty-five members. Rev. Rufus Conrad, the present pastor, has served the society in that relation ever since its organization. The value of the building and site is about $2,000. 222 RELIGIOUS. THIRD CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Location: Forest-Home avenue, near Ash street. In the spring of 1867 a Sunday-School was organized at the North-western Christian university, and placed in charge of Prof. A. C. Shortridge, who was mainly instrumental in its establishment. Out of this grew the organization of the Third Church, which took place in the chapel of the University on the first Sabbath in January, 1869. For the first year of its existence the congregation had no regular minister, but maintained the usual weekly meetings, with preaching by various ministers as their services could be obtained. The second year the services of Austin Council were secured as pastor. Since then Elder Elijah Goodwin has been serving in that capacity. The church has built a comfortable house of worship on Forest-Home avenue, near Ash street,-a frame building, sixty feet long and thirty-four wide, with a baptistry under the pulpit platform, and dressing rooms in the rear. The society numbers something over one hundred members. The Sabbath-School has about one hundred and seventy-five members. The value of the property is about $8,000. The present officers are: Elders.-E. Goodwin, J. M. Tilford, J. M. Bramwell, R. T. Brown. Deacons.-A. C. Shortridge, H. C. Guffin, R. M. Cosby, J. P. Elliott. FOURTH CHRISTIAN UHURCH. Location: Corner of Fayette and Walnut streets. This organization began as a Mission Sabbath-School on Sunday, 28th June, 1868, at a dwelling on Blake street. Here the school continued to meet every Sabbath day until the following November, when the place of meeting was changed to a room on the corner of New York and Blake streets. In the following winter the mission was organized as a church society by Elder J. B. New as pastor, with W. W. Dowling as superintendent of the Sabbath-School. In the summer of 1869, the place of worship was changed to a small hall on Indiana avenue, where the services were held until the close of the year 1870. On the 1st of January, 1871, the present house of worship was dedicated. The chapel is a neat wooden structure, capable of seating about three hundred persons; and cost, including the site, about $4,000. The present membership of the society is about one hundred; that of the Sabbath-School, about one hundred and twenty-five. Elders John B. New, L. H. Jameson, W. W. Dowling and others have filled the pulpit from time to time. The society is yet without a regular pastor. SiLEM CHAPEL. Location: Corner of Illinois and Fifth streets. This is a prosperous mission of the First Church. The house of worship was dedicated on the 25th Decpmber, 1870, by Elder W. F. Black. The Sabbath-School, under the superintendence of Geo. W. Snyder, has about two hundred members. The prospects are excellent that this mission will, at no distant day, be discharged from its wardship to the parent organization, and become a separate and flourishing church. The value of the present building and site is about $4,000. 223 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. OLIVE MISSION. Location: Corner of Tennessee and Fourth streets. This is also a mission of the First Church, and was founded in 1869. Its services are now held in a rented building; but its members expect (an expectation warranted by the growth of the enterprise) to build a suitable edifice at an early date for the use of the mission. The Sabbath-School, of which Jasper Finney is superintendent, numbers about one hundred and seventy-five members. Summary-Total membership of the Christian denomination in Indianapolis, about nine hundred; total Sabbath-School membership, one thousand. Total value of church property, $53,000. GERMAN REFORMED. There are two societies,of this Denomination in Indianapolis: the First and Second German Reformed Churches. This denomination is a branch of the church of the great Reformation inaugurated in Germany in the sixteenth century, and the source of the present numerous family of Protestant denominations. Among the fathers of the German Reformed Church were Zwingle, Melandthon and Calvin, whose creed differed in several respects from that of the Father of the German Reformation, Luther. The Lutheran and German Reformed denominations originated about the same time (A. D., 1519): the former in Northern Germany; the latter in Switzerland, whence it spread into Southern Germany, France, Holland and England. The German Reformed Church first obtained a foothold in this country in the year 1740, in Pennsylvania, where the Rev. Mr. Schlatter labored as the first German missionary of that church in North America. Thence arose the German Reformed Synod of the United States, and the other Synods that labor through the Board of Domestic missions of the German Reformed Church This much by way of pr(liminary observations upon the denomination in general. THE FIRST GERMAN REFORMED CHURCH OF INDIANAPOLIS Is located on Alabama street, between Washington and Market streets. In the fall of 1851 the Board of Domestic Missions sent to this city, to labor as its missionary, the Rev. George Long. He began by preaching every Sabbath day in the Court house. Before long he had succeeded so well that he was enabled to organize a congregation, who in the spring of 1852, began the erection of a house of worship on the above location, which was dedicated in October of the same year. In November, 1856, Mr. Long resigned his pastorate, and on the 25th of the following month the Rev. M. G. I. Stern was elected his successor. During the ministry of Mir. Stern his church ceased to be a missionary enterprise, and became a self-supporting society. The debts of the church were all paid, and it steadily grew in membership and in the attendance upon its services. On the 26th July, 1865, the Rev. Henry Echmeier succeeded Mr. Stern, and became pastor of the church. During his pastorate the church building was enlarged to its present dimensions and otherwise improved. Mr. Echmeier resigned after serving the church over three years as its minister; and the Rev. J. S. Barth is now the supply of this congregation. 224 RELIGIOUS. The house of worship is a plain but neat brick building. The present membership of the church is about two hundred; that of the Sabbath-School, nearly the same number. Some of the founders and prominent early supporters of this church are still active members. Among these are J. W. Brown, at present elder and superintendent of the Sabbath-School, Henry W. Tenneman, William Stolte, Frederick, Kortepeter, Frederick Schowe, Henry Kruse and Herman Kortepeter. The value of the property of the society is about $12,000. SECOND GERMAN REFORMED CHURCH. Location: South side of East street, south of Merrill. This society was organized in the summer of 1867, by several members of an extinct church organization, living in the south-eastern quarter of the city. The Rev. Mr. Steinbach, who had labored here as a Lutheran missionary, took charge of the young society thus established. He served for a brief period, resigning at the close of the year 1867. At a meeting of members held on the 1st January, 1868, the Rev. M. G. I. Stern was selected as Mr. Steinbach's successor in this missionary field. The result was the organization, in the autumn of 1869, of a second church of the German Reformed denomination in Indianapolis. Mr. Stern is still the pastor of this church; which has been a prosperous society from the first. The present number of members is about one hundred, and the average attendance upon Sabbath-day services about two hundred and fifty to three hundred. Connected with this church is a German-English parochial school, with an average attendance of about one hundred pupils, and having two instructors. The Sabbath-School membership is about two hundred and fifty. The church building is a plain neat, frame structure, having capacity for five hundred communicants. The property of the church is valued at about $9,000. Summary-Total membership of the German Reformed Church of Indianapolis, three hundred; total Sabbath-School membership, about four hundred and, fifty; total value of church property, $21,000. THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. There is but one church of this denomination in Indianapolis. The house of worship is located on the corner of Delaware and St. Clair streets. The church was organized in the year 1854. For two years the,small congregation held their religious services in the old Lutheran church building, on North Pennsylvania street, near St. Clair. The officiating minister during this period was Mirs Hannah Pierson, from Lockport, New York. In 1866 the society built their present house of worship, located as above stated. The next ministers of the church were David Tatum and Hannah B. Tatum. In 1865 the society organized a "monthly meeting," and has had the following resident ministers: Jane Trueblood, W. G. Johnson, Barnabas C. Hobbs, and Enos G. Pray. The present number of members is about two hundred and forty-six. The Sabbath-School has abot eighty members. The value of the property is about $12,000. (15) 225 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. MET HOD I ST. MERIDIAN STREET M. E. CHIURCH. Location: South west corner of Meridian and New York streets. This church society, long known as Wesley Chapel M. E. Church, was the pioneer organization of the Methodist denomination in this city, and occupies toward the numerous family of Methodist churches in Indianapolis to-day, the relation of a tree to its branches. To begin with the beginning of the history of this church, it is neccessary to go back to the year 1822, when the Indianapolis Circuit of the Indiana District of the Methodist Episcopal Church was organized by Rev. William Cravens, who had been appointed to this circuit at the session of the Missouri Conference. In 1825, the Missouri Conference was divided, the Illinois Conference was created, and the Indiana District became a part of the latter body. In 1829, Indianapolis Station was formed. This station subsequently passed within the limits of the Madison District, created in 1830; of the Indiana Conference, created in 1832; and of the Indianapolis District of the latter Conference, created in 1833. -At the srsion of the Indiana Conference, held in Centerville, on the 19th of October, 1842, the Indianapolis Station was divided into two charges: The Western (Wesley Chapel), and the Eastern (Roberts Chapel). At the session of the Indiana Conference, held in Madison, on the 16th October, 1845, the charge was again divived, forming the central charge, (Wesley Chapel), and the western charge (Strange Chapel). In 1870, the society took the name of Meridian street M. E. Church, from the location of their elegant new church edifice, now nearly completed. For many years, the society, of which the present Meridian Street Church is the development and continuation, occupied as a house of worship the well-remembered Wesley Chapel building, on the south-west corner of Meridian and Circle streets. This familiar and weather-scarred structure, gave way, in the year 1869, for the erection on its site of the present Sentinel Building. The society purchased a site on the south-west corner of Meridian and New York streets; on which a costly and artistic house of worship is now near completion. The basement has for sometime been occupied, and the edifice will be completed and dedicated during the present summer. Between the dates of the abandonment of the Wesley Chapel building and of the occupation of the yet unfinished strtucture, the congregation worshipped in the building of the Second Universalist Church. The circuit preachers, stationed preachers, and presiding elders, have been as follows: 1821-Rev. William Cravens, Circuit Preacher. 1822-3, Samuel Hamilton, Presiding Elder; James Scott, Circuit Preacher. 1823-4, William Beauchamp, Presiding Elder; Jesse Hale and George Horn, Circuit Preachers. In 1825, on the division of the Missouri Conference, John Strange become Presiding Elder, and John Miller, Circuit Preacher. 1825-6, John Strange, Presiding Elder; Thomas Hewston, Circuit Preacher. 1826-7, John Strange, Presiding Elder; Edwin Ray, Circuit Preacher. 1827-8, John Strange, Presiding Elder; N. Griffith, Circuit Preacher 1828-9, John Strange, Presiding Elder; James Armstrong, Stationed Preacher. 1829 to 1832, Allen Wiley, Presiding Eider; Thos, 226 )?ELro,'GfOTJB. *Eitt, Stationed Preacher. 1832-3, John Strange, Presiding Elder; Benj. O. Stevenson, Stationed Preacher. 1833, Allen Wiley, Presiding Elder; C. W. Ruter, Stationed Preacher. 1833-4, James Havens, Presiding Elder; C. W. Ruter, Stationed Preacher. 1834-5, Jas. Havens, Presiding Elder; E. R. Ames, Stationed Preacher. 1835-6, James Havens, Presiding Elder; J. C. Smith, Stationed Preacher. 1836-7, James Havens, Presiding Elder; A. Eddy, Stationed Preacher. 1837-8, A. Eddy, Presiding Elder; J. C. Smith, Stationed Preacher. 1838-9, A. Eddy, Presiding Elder; A. Wiley, Stationed Preacher. ~1839-40, A. Eddy, Presiding Elder; A. Wiley, Stationed Preacher. 1840-1, James Havens Presiding Elder; W. H. Goode, Stationed Preacher. 1841-2, James Havens, Presiding Elder; W. H. Goode, Stationed Preacher. 1842-3-"Inrdianapois station" having been divided.into two charges, James Havens was appointed Presiding Elder, and L. W. B3erry Stationed Preacher, of the Western charge (Wesley Chapel). 1843-4-Same appointments. A building committee, consisting of Alfred Harrison, Thos. Rickards, and Bentley Alley, was appointed to erect a parsonage building on the church lot. 1844-5-L. W. Berry, Presiding Elder, and W. W. Hibben, stationed preacher, Superintendent Sabbath-Schools, J. J. Drum, A. W. Morris and Mrs. Eliza Drum. 1845-6-L. W. Berry, Presiding Ehder; Wm. V. Daniels, Stationed Preacher. 18467 —Rev. E. R. Ames, Presiding Elder, and W. V. Daniels Stationed Preachers. Salary of Stationed Preacher, $550. 1847-8-Rev. E. R. Ames, Presiding Elder; Rev. F. C. Holliday, Stationed Preacher. Same salary. 1848-9-Same appointments. Salary of Preacher increased to $600 1849-50-Rev. E. R. Ames, Presiding Elder; Rev. J. S. Bayless, Stationed Preacher. Salary of latter, $500. 1850-51-Rev. C. W. Ruter, Presiding Elder; Rev. B. F. Crary Stationed Preacher. Salary, $600. 1851-2-James Havens, Presiding Elder; Giles E. Smith, Stationed Preacher. 1852-3-B. F. Crary, Presiding Elder; John Kurns, Stationed Preacher. Salary of preacher, $700. 1853-4-B. F. Crary, Presiding Elder; J. P. Linderman, Stationed Preacher. 1854-5-B. F. Crary, Presiding Elder; James H. Noble, Stationed Preacher. 1856-7-W. C. Smith, Presiding Elder; James Hill, Stationed Preacher. 1858-9-Wm. C. Smith, Presiding Elder; E T. Fletcher, Stationed Preacher. 1860-2-Jas. H Noble, Presiding Elder; C D. Battelle, Statioaed Preacher. 1862-4-Jas Hill, Presiding Elder; S. T. Gillett, Stationed Preacher. 1864-6-James Hill, Presiding Elder; Wm. McK. Hester, Stationed Preacher. 1866-7-S. T. Gillett, Presiding Elder; Wm. McK. Hester, Stationed Preacher. 1867-8-S. T. Gillett, Presiding Elder; C. N. Sims, Stationed Preacher. 1868-70-B. F. Rawlins, Presiding Elder; C. N. Sims, Stationed Preacher. 1870-71-B. F. Rawlins, Presiding Elder; R. Andrus, Stationed Preacher. The present membership of the church numbers five hundred and four; that of the Sabbath-School, four hundred and eighty-nine. The pastoral labor is performed by Rev. Reuben Andrus. The following persons constitute the "Official Board," who, in their respective departments, supply the work of the church: Trustees-Oliver Tousey, Ingram Fletcher, A. Ballard, V. T. Malott, Daniel ,Stewart, J. H. Ross, Jacob P. Dunn, Dr. H. B. Carey, C. W. Smith. 1227 HOLLOWA'Y'S INDIANAPOLI;. Stewards-J. F. Ramsey, J. C. Yohn, T. P. Haughey, Jason Carey, Aaron Ohr, J. M. Ridenour, F. A. W. Davis, J. Hf. Colclazer, J. H. Osborn. Class Leaders.-R. Ferguson, T. P: Haught y, A. Ballard, R. S. Carr, I. Taylor) B. V. Enos Local Preachers.-E. T. Fletcher, T. A. Goodwin, J. C. McCoy, R. Ferguson;. Committees. Missionary.-J..I. Ridenour, C. W. Smith, Charles Dennis,. Wilson Morrow. Sunday-School.-Dr. H. G. Cary, C. W. Smith, R. S. Carr. Tract Cause.-R. Ferguson, J. H. Ross, Aaron Ohr The principal officers of the Sabbath-School are: Superintendents.-Wilson Morrow, H. G. Carey, Mrs. Theo. P. Haugheby. Secretaries.-J. H. Colclazer, Miss: Annie Dunlop. Treasurer.-J. S. Carey. Fifty per cent. of the entire school are adults' and about one-half of the membership of the church, including twenty-one out of twenty-three of the active members of the official board, are engaged in the Sabbath-School. The church edifice has a front of seventy-three feet on Meridian street, and a depth of one hundred and twenty-one feet on New York street. Its walls, towers and buttresses are built of a bluish-looking lime stone, with cut-stone trimmings, and irregularly laid and neatly pointed, The style of its architecture is the Modern Gothic; after designs of Messrs. Enos & Huebier, of this city. Externally the principal feature of the building is the front, the center of which is flanked on either side by a graceful, buttressed tower, terminating in a lofty spire (not yet completed). The center terminates in a high gable, surmounted by the Rock of Agesthe Cross of Christ. On each side of the center are wings, whose corners are strengthened and ornamented by buttressed turrets. The sides of the walls are also buttressed. The entranne is by three large doors, whose arches are supported by richly ornamented columns. Above the entrance is a large and very beautiful rose widow, elaborately ornamented. The entrance is, into a spacious vestibule, leading into the lecture room in the first story, and into the audience room in the second story. The first story contains the lecture room, sixty-two by forty-six feet; two infant class rooms, ladies' parlors, the class room, and the pastor's study. The windows of this story are all of beautiful stained glass. From the rear of the first story a long winding stairway lead's to the audience room. But it is in the decorations and appointments of the audience-room that this edifice especially excels. Its dimensions are sixty-six by eighty-seven feet. Its height at the sides is twenty-six feet; at the center, forty-three feet. The ceiling is highly ornamented. The pews, which are of elegant pattern and finish, are curvilinearly arranged. The most artistic features are its elaborately ornamented windows, each one of which typifies in its design, some one of the prominent attributes of the Christian religion. This room will easily seat one thousand persons. The total cost of the property will be about $100,000. ROBERTS PARK M. E. CHURCH. Location: Corner of Delaware and Vermont streets. This society was organized in October, 1842, by a division of the Meridian Street congregation (then called "Wesley Chapel," and worshiping on the corner of Circle and Meridian streets)- The new congregation was called "The Eastern 228 -'RELIGIOUS. ,Charge"-the city being then divided by the Conference into two charges sepa,rated by Meridian street. The first pastor was the Rev. John S. Bayless; the first place of worship, the Court house. At the end of the first year the membership numbered three hundred ;and twenty-two. The society was active and energetic from the first; and within'a short period after its organization, it had erected a commodious church building on the north,east corner of Pennsylvania and Market streets, which was christened Roberts Chapel, in honor of the famous Bishop Roberts. This building, so long a religious ,landmark of the city, gave way in 1868 to the encroaching march of commerce; and the'same reasons that made its site valuable to ethe uses of trade, also recommended the purchase of a -new site for the church, less surrounded by the noise of business, and more appropriate for Divine worship. So the venerable building disappeared, and on its site a business block was erected. The congregation purchased an acre of ground, fronting on Delaware and Vermont streets; and in the center of this ample space a splendid and substantial edifice is rising. Pending its erection the congregation have been worshiping in an old frame building, near the location of the new edifice, which has been aptly named Roberts' Chapel Tabernacle. The elegant structure now in process of erection is in the Renaizssance style of architecture, one hundred and twenty-three by seventy feet, and will be surmounted by a lofty spire. The walls will be of white magnesia lime stone. The entrance to the main audience room is from the west, fronting on Delaware street. The entrance to the lecture room is from the south side of the church, fronting on Vermont street; the entrance is into a short hall, on the east side of which is the Sabbath-Sch-ool and church libraiy room. There are two large double doors from this hall, one opening into the lecture room, and the other into the church parlor and infant class room. Its dimension are fifty by sixty-two feet, and including the church parlor and infant class room, which connect with it by large folding doors, swill be capable of seating eight hundred persons. The wood work is of oiled ash. -The ceiling is divided into nine large pannels, with elegant wooden cornices; and from the center of each pannel hangs a chandalier. The room is lighted by six double windows. All the windows of the church are of ground glass; the body of each light is plain, with a vine border around'the edge. The upper part of each window is semicircular, and furnished with a beautiful emblem or motto. The main audience room will seat one thousand three hundred persons. A gallery will encircle the auditorium around its entire extent. The organ loft and singers' gallery will be in the rear of the pulpit. The estimated cost of the building, including the site, is $1'50,090. The congregation has been characterized by great spirituality and energy as a religious organization, and has set off several flourishing colonies: Asbury Church, on South New Jersey street; Trinity, on the corner of North and Alabama streets; and Grace Church, on the corner of East and Market streets, are all offshoots from ,Roberts, Chapel. The church membership numbers five hundred and twenty-seven; that of the Sabbath-School, three hundred and fifty-two. Roberts Park'Church has been served by the following pastors, in the order given: Revs. John S. Bayless, John L. Smith, George M. Beswick, Samuel T. Gillett, John H. Hall, William Wilson, Samuel T. Cooper, William H. Barnes, J. W. T. 229 McMullen, C. W. Miller, W. Wilson, H. Colelazer, John V. R. M,iller, A. S. Kinnan, W. HI. Mendenhall, F. C. Ilolliday. The present pastor, the Rev. Dr. Holliday, now in the third year of his pastorate, is widely known, as well without as within his denomination, as an able and effective minister —a conspicuous lighti for many: years, in the Methodist church of Indiana. The principal officers of the church are: Rev. F. C. Holliday, D. Dt, Pastor;,. John B. Abbett, Local Elder; Thomas A. Nelson, Local Preacher; George W. Ackert, Local Preacher. Church Trustees-Dr. L. Abbett, John W. Ray, A. G. Porter, George Tousey. Frederick Baggs, J. F. Wingate, W. H. Craft. Sunday-School Superintendent, John W. Ray; Assistant Superintendent, W.. L. Heiskell; Female Superintendent, Mrs. Anna C. Baggs. ST. JOHN?S M. B. CHUERC]. Location: Corner of California and North streets. This society was organized under the name of the Western Charge (west off the canal), in the year 1845. The first minister appointed to the charge was the Rev. Wesley Dorsey. A frame buildiDg for the use of the congregation was built on Michigan street,, west of the canal, and christened Srange Chapel, in honor of Rev. John, Strange,' an eminent and honored pioneer of the Methodist church in Indiana, whose remains lie in the old cemetery of this city. This building soon proved to be disadvantageously located, and it was accordingly removed to a site on Tennessee street, near Vermont. At a quarterly meeting conference, held January, 12th, 1869, the following resolution was adopted and put upon the minutes: "Resolved, That it is the sense of this Quarterly Conference, that the prosperity of the charge, spiritually and financially, will be promoted by its adherence to the old usages of the church, especially in the seating of the congregation, and sing — ing; and that the Conference hereby pledge the charge to stand by these usages." This resolution was passed to accommodate some wealthy members, who did, nob b elieve in promiscuous or pew sittings, nor in choral or instrumental music. Theresult was the withdrawal of about one-half of the membership from the churchby letter, and the addition of but four or five other members to the church during, the ensuing quarter. During the year 1869 the church property on West Michigan street was sold, and a new house of worship built, located on the corner of Michigan and Tennessee. streets. This building, erected at a cost of $13,000, was dedicated on the 9th of~ January, 1870. To secure the further religious exercises of the congregation, against all innovations on "old fashioned Methodism," provisions to that effect were incorporated in the body of the conveyance of the site. The edifice dedicated to these principles stood but one year, and was consumed by fire on Sunday,. the 8th January, 1871. Several months prior to the latter date, the membership had become divided' on the question of receiving the pastor appointed by the Conference. The majority, but least wealthy, of the members were worshiping in Strange Chapel at the time of its destruction by fire. The other division, the lesser in numbers) the greater in wealth, had been worshiping in the building of the Second Universalist, church congregation, over the way from Strange Chapels. 230 HOLLOWAY'S IINDIANA-POLIB-'. RELIGIO US. The church property-that portion which had not been destroyed by fire-was sold; and the remainder of the congregation, at length a unit in belief and action, have since held their religious services in Kuhn's Hall, with Mr. Walters as pastor. The third quarterly conference, held March 6th, 1871, appointed a committee to purchase a lot on which to erect a house of worship. A building committee consisting of D. B. Hosbrook, Rev. G. Morgan and J. A. Gregg, were appointed and invested with plenary power to devise plans and erect a suitable building for the use of the congregation. By a unanimous vote the name of the church was changed to St. John's M. E. Church, and the leaders' and stewards' meetings, and boards of trustees, were authorized to transact business hereafter under that name. The purchasing committee has selected a lot on the corner of California and North streets, sixty by ninety-five feet, for which $1,400 was paid, and on which a church is to be built, in the Norman style of architecture, to cost from $12,000 to $15,000. The church is to be completed by the 1st of July, 1871, with the Rev. L. M. Walters, as pastor. The society, dating from the last schism, is reported to be in a flourishing condition. The present membership numbers about one hundred and forty. The Sabbath-School has one hundred and fifty members. From Strange Chapel sprung a flourishing local mission enterprise, which has since become the Third Street M. E. Church, elsewhere mentioned. The following is a list of the pastors who have served Strange Chapel since its organization: Rev. Wesley Dorsey, Rev. D. Crawford, Rev. Wm. Morrow, Rev. T. G. Beharrell, Rev. Frank Taylor, Rev. E. D. Long, Rev. T. S. Webb, Rev. G. M. Boyd, Rev. Griffith Morgan, Rev. William Graham, Rev. N. L. Brakeman, Rev. J. C. Reed, Rev. James Havens, Rev. J. W. Green, Rev. C. S. Burgner, Rev. G. W. Telle, Rev. J. W. T. McMullen, and Rev. L. M. Walters. ASBURY M. E. CHURCH. Location: New Jersey street between Louisiana and South streets. This church was organized in 1849, under the name of the Depot and Indianapolis East Mission. It was a colony of Roberts Chapel Church, to which congregation collectively, and to the Rev. William H. Goode, Presiding Elder of the Indianapolis District of the Northern Indiana Conference especially, it owes its existence as a church. The original membership was composed entirely of Methodists residing in the southern part of the city, and who had previously been members of Roberts Chapel Church. During the period of its wardship to Roberts Chapel, Asbury Church was controlled and sustained by the quarterly conference of that body, aided by a smallmissionary appropriation from the North Indiana Conference. Its first pastor, the Rev. Samuel T. Cooper, was a member of Roberts Chapel Quarterly Conference. The first stewards of the Depot Mission, John Dunn, Theodore Mathews, John E. Ford, Miles J. Fletcher, and Richard Berry, were elected by the quarterly conference of Roberts Chapel Church, on the 17th of November, 1849. The connection of the mission with the parent body, and its dependence thereon, continued until the 9th of November, 1850. The members of this young organization seem to have had their full share of 231 HOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLTS. difficulties and deprivations to encounter in rearing the infant charge to the stature of a grown-up and self-supporting church. In default of a better, they used as a place of worship an upper room in the freight depot of the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad Company, until the erection of their. present church building, which was dedicated in the summer of 1852. Henceforth, the obstacles were few, and the progress was more rapid and less interrupted. The church is now in a prosperous condition, having a membership of two hundred and fifty, and a Aourishing Sabbath-School of two hundred members. The pastors of the church have been as follow, in the order given: Rev. Samuel T. Cooper, Rev. J. B. De Motte, Rev. Samuel T. Gillett, Rev. Samuel P. Crawford, Rev. J. W. T. McMullen, Rev. Joseph Cotton, Rev. Asbury F. Hester, Rev. E. D. Long, Rev. John G. Chaffee, Rev. R. M. Barnes, Rev. W. W. Snyder, Rev. J. W. Mellender, Rev. F. C. Holliday, Rev. John H. Lozier, Rev. Samuel T. Gillett, and Rev. Charles Tinsley. The present officers are: Pastor.-Rev. Charles Tinsley. Trustees.-Joseph Marsee, William Hannaman, George W. Hill, Valentine Rothrock, and William L. Wingate. Stewards.-George W. Hill, R. L. Lukens, George W. Crouch, Andrew May, W. K. Davis, James Fisler, Isaiah G. Shafer, and Jacob Coffman. Sabbath-School Superindent-James H. V. Smith. The value of the church building and site is about $15,000. The church owns a valuable lot on the south-east corner of South street and and Virginia avenue, valued at $10,000, on which it is proposed to erect a house of worship next year. TRINITY M. E. CHURCH. Location: North-west corner of North and Alabamba streets. On the 17th May, 1854, a class of sixteen members of Roberts Chapel, led by J. W. Dorsey, Esq., met and organized as the "Seventh Church." The place of meeting then, and during the remainder of the year, was "Dorsey's School House," a small frame building, on the west side of North New Jersey street, north of Walnut. The Sabbath-School was at first larger than the church membership, and in a short time the house of worship became too small for the society. The present location was then purchased; on one side of which, by the end of the year 1854, a plain brick church building was erected. Here the society, young and feeble, looking unpropitious circumstances resolutely in the face, began an earnest struggle for existence; and in the succeeding years has made gradual and sure progress over a way hedged up with formidable trials and obstacles. The first pastor was Rev. Mr. Griffin, who served six months. At the end of his term, the name of the society was changed to North Street M. E. Church. Following Mr. Griffin, as pastor, came Revs. William Holman, for three months; John C. Smith, one year and nine months; Frank A. Harding, one year and six months, John Hill, two years; C. P. Wright, one year; Charles Martindale, six months. Rev. Elijah Whitten filled out the remainder of Mr. Martindale's year, as supply. For the years 1862 and 1863, the charge was left to be "supplied," various local preachers officiating, unlil Rev. George Betts, for a brief period, and after 232 RELIGIO U,S. him, Rev. William Wilson, were regularly employed. In April, 1864, the Rev. W. J. Vigus was appointed to the charge. The Missionary Society appropriated $300 in payment of his salary. Mr. Vigus served three years. In the spring of 1867 the Rev. R. D. Robinson succeeded Mr. Vigus; and it was during his pastorate that the church for the first time became self-sustaining. By the action of the General Conference of 1868 on the question of boundaries, this church was transferred from the jurisdiction of the Northern to that of the South-Eastern Indiana Conference. In September of the same year the Rev. J. Monroe Crawford, the present pastor, was appointed. Mr. Crawford has been more than a pastor, simply, of the church; he has at the same time labored unremittingly, and with great success, to rescue the church from financial embarrassments. The following clergymen have served the charge as Presiding Elders: Revs. James Hill, Augustus Eddy, H. Barnes, J. V. R. Miller, and R. D. Robinson, the present Presiding Elder. The Sabbath-School has flourished from the first; now having an average attendance of two hundred and twenty-five, and an enrolled membership of three hundred and fifty. Its present Superintendent is Eli. F. Ritter, Esq. The church has a total membership of two hundred and twenty-three, including the members on probation. The present house of worship was dedicated on the first Sabbath in January, 1867, by the Rev. T. M. Eddy, D. D. The society now took its present name of Trinity M. E. Church. The building-yet in an unfinished condition-is built of brick, with stone trimmings; dimensions, fifty by eighty feet; is pleasantly located; and is pro vided with permanent sittings for six hundred and twenty-eight persons. The property is valued at about $20,000. The officers of the society are: John G. Smith, Local Elder; Christian Spiegle, John S. Dunlop, Eli F. Ritter, W. H. Smith, Rev. Henry Wright, Trustees. AMES M. E. CHURCH. Location: Corner of Madison Avenue and Union street. The history of this church, though brief in chronology, is abundant in peculiar interest. Its establishment to-day on a firm and prosperous footing is not due to the liberality of an opulent membership, nor to any considerable extent to extrinsic assistance, nor to propitious chance; but pre-eminently to the persistent energy of a few persons of limited means. * Ames Church was organized by Rev. Joseph Tarkington, while he was city missionary for the four Annual Indiana Conferences, whose boundaries meet at Indianapolis. The field of the young church being within the limits of the Indiana Conference, a few members of Wesley Chapel purchased a lot on the corner of Norwood and South Illinois streets, upon which a small, rude tabernacle was placed, in July, 1866. In this humble structure Mr. Tarkington held services fortnightly; until the cold weather forced him to abandon the place. But "where there is a will there is a way;" and accordingly we find the young congregation worshiping for the next three months in an unoccupied grocery building, on Madison avenue. While thus situated, in February, 1867, a society, comprised of twelve members, was organized; a series of meetings followed; and a number of additions to the 233 HOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLIS. church, on probation, were made. A Sabbath-School was organized on the 1st of February, 1867. On a lot, purchased for the purpose by members of Wesley Chapel, an unpretending place of worship for the congregation-twenty-four by forty feet-was meanwhile being erected. This was completed in March, 1867, and was occupied by the congregation during the same month. In September, 1867, the Indiana Conference made an appropriation of $650, from the missionary funds, for the partial support of a pastor for the young church, and Rev. L M. Walters was appointed to the charge. On entering upon his duties he found a congregation consisting of but twenty-one available members, and five probationers. The first fruit of his pastorate was a revival of religion, during the following winter, resulting in the addition of nearly one hundred members. The church now began to flourish; the house was insufficient; an addition was built in the summer of 1868, and this, too, was shortly filled. The increase of membership was so considerable, that the winter of 1868, found the building still inadequate. But the members were more abundant in exemplary zeal, than in this world's goods; and were unable to build the sort of an edifice their numbers and needs required. External aid was sought to no purpose; the time was unpropitious; the wealthier Methodist Churches of the city, were too much occupied with their own enterprises, to aid the young and struggling church. Its prospects were anything but promising. Here was a house full of poor members, unable to support the present establishment; no space for the necessary increase of accommodations; and no means at hand, or prospect of aid from without, to obtain a suitable site and erect a suitable building. So discouraging was the prospect, that many of the members had about come to the conclusion to disunite with the church, and join some other society, better established, and free from unusual financial difficulties, as a means of ridding themselves of present and prospective church burdens. The pastor, seeing that the church must take prompt and energetic action, if it was not to perish untimely, opened a vigorous campaign against the discouraging forces, and, over considerable opposition, effected the purchase of the Indianapolis Mission Sunday-School property, on the corner of Madison avenue and Union street. The price was $5,000; for the payment of which a period of five years was allowed. This gave the church a substantial brick building, forty by seventy-two feet; which they have occupied ever since June, 1869. The congregation, in addition to the purchase money, have expended $1,500 on repairs and improvements. By an advantageous sale of tffeir church property, on South Illinois street, for $4,000, the congregation have almost liquidated the debt incurred in obtaining their present church property, and the remainder of the debt will not mature for four years. The church, meanwhile, has flourished and become stronger; and, at length, after a succession of financial embarrassments, and a steady progress from a small beginning, Ames Church, in the fourth year of its age, is a fixed and flourishing society. Within the past three years there has been expended for the support of the church an aggregate of about $8,750; of which about $7,000 was raised within the church. The membership now numbers about two hundred persons. The audience room will seat comfortably about three hundred; and if the church will not compare in splendor or magnitude with the older and more pretentious ones in this city, 234 RELIGIO US. it can challenge any of them to show better results in proportion to the means of each. The Sabbath-School has about two hundred and twenty-five members. The present pastor is Rev. Joseph W. Asbury. The church is under many obligations to Wesley Chapel for aid and encouragement in its darkest days. To the Rev. Mr. Walters praise is due for his unwearying patience and disinterested labors in an untempting field, to rescue the church from its manifold difficulties, and establish it on a firm and enduring basis, when so many embarrassments and discouragements combined against the struggling society. GRACE M. C. CIURcH. Location: North-east corner of Market and East streets. At a meeting of the friends of a missionary movement for the planting of a Methodist church in the eastern part of Indianapolis, held on the 10th September, 1868, the following memorial was adopted: "We, the undersigned, members of the M. E. Church, residing in and near Indianapolis, respectfully represent: 1. That there is a large field ripe for the harvest, embracing the eastern part of our city, occupied by our denomination, and which only requires vigorous cultivation to produce much fruit for our beloved Methodism. 2 That we hereby pledge ourselves to sustain to the best of our ability, a missionary movement for the occupancy of this inviting field, both by personal identification with such organization, and the contribution of our means. 3. That we promise to pay the amount set opposite our names, to sustain a missionary appointed for this work. 4. That we believe the sum of $5000 can be raised to build a house of worship, and we pledge ourselves to go forward at once in the enterprise of building a church for the use of such congregation." The memorial asked for the appointment to this work of a minister of " zeal andt experience," and was signed by Willis D. Wright, Charles W. Brouse, W. H. McLaughlin, Arthur L. Wright, William Moffitt, John H. Frazier, John Berryman, J. W. Hossman, Charles Potts, J. M. W. Langsdale, James Ballenger, W. J. West, W. Q. Smith and S T. Beck. J. M. W. Langsdale, Wmn. H. McLaughlin and Arthur L. Wright were appointed a committee to lay the memorial before Bishop D. W. Clark, then presiding over the Southeastern Indiana Conference, in session at Franklin, Indiana. In compliance with the request of the memorialists, the Rev. W. H. Mendenhall, who had served Robert's Chapel as its pastor, was appointed to the new charge. The first quarterly meeting was held on the 19th and 2(th of September, 1868 at the close of which one hundred members from Roberts' Chapel had united with the mission. The first quarterly conference was organized September 22d, 1868 A suitable site for a house of worship was at once obtained; the building was rapidly erected, and on the 21st February, 1869, it was dedicated by Bishop D. W. Clark. Rev. M. H. Mendenhall was reappointed by Bishop Simpson at the session of the South-eastern Indiana Conference, September, 189, and served the charge until April, 1870, when he was transferred to the North Indiana Conference, and Rev. J W. Locke, D. D., was appointed to fill the vacancy until the clawse of the Confer 235 236 ence year. The present pastor, the Rev. Thos. H. Lynch, was appointed to the charge September 7th, 1870. Highly successful revival services have been held in this church from time to time, and there is not in the city a congregation that has made better progress, considering its age. The entire cost of the building, including site, furniture, and other appointments, has been about'$20,000. The building is pleasantly located, is inviting in appearance without and within, and has seating accommodations for about six hundred persons. The church membership numbers about two hundred and forty; that of the Sabbath-School, over three hundred. THIRD STREET' M. E. CHURCH. Location: Third street, between Illinois and Tennessee. In July, 1866, a class was organized, with Jesse Jones as leader, and a membership of thirty-six persons, to meet at the residence of Mr. Ellison Brown. This class was the origin of Thtird Street M. E. Church. In the spring of 1866, a site was purchased on Third street, and the erection of a building commenced, under the direction of the Ames Institute, intended for a mission church. Not receiving the necessarry support, the young men of the institute'were unable to finish the building; and Jesse Jones, a member of Strange Chapel, completed the work at his own expense. At the session of the N orth-Western Indiana Conference, in September, of that year, the church was placed under the control of Rev. J. W. Green, of Strange Chapel. Soon after this, the Rev. A. L. Watkins, was made associate pastor with Mr. Green, and labored successfully in the new church for four months, when his failing health compelled him to abandon his work. The services of R. N. McKaig, a student of Asbury University, were secured for the remainder of the conference year. The church building was dedicated September 8th, 1867, by the Rev. Thomas Bowman, D. D. At the session of the North-Western Indiana Conference, September, 1867, Third Street Church was made an independent charge, and Rev. S. J. Kahler was appointed pastor. The boundaries of the Indiana Conferences having been changed by the General Conference of 1868, Third Street Church fell within the limits of the SouthEast Indiana Conference,. Rev. S. C. Noble was the pastor during 1868-9; and Rev. L. M. Wells, during 1869'70. The Rev. Frost Craft, the present pastor, was appointed in 1870. The church edifice is a neat frame building, and its auditorium has seating capacity for about three hundred and fifty persons. The membership numbers one hundred and thirty; the Sabbath-School, about one hundred and twenty-five. The value of the building and site is about $6,000. GERMAN M. E. CHURCH., Location: Corner of New Jersey and New York streets. 'This congregation was organized in the year 1849, with fifteen memniberg. HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. RBLIGIO US. The first house of worship was built in 1850, on Ohio street, between New Jersey and East streets. The first Trustees were: Wm. Hannaman, Henry Tutewiler, John Koeper, Frederick Truxess, John B. Stumph. The growth of the society rendered a more capacious house Mf worship a necessity, and on the 19th of December, 1868, the site of the present church building, corner of New York and New Jersey streets, was purchased. The erection of the building was much delayed by the want of the requisite means. The basement was occupied on Christmas day, 1869; and through the persistent energy of the pastor, the Rev. G. Trefz, and the liberality of his congregation, the building was finally completed. The dedicatory exercises took place on the 17th day of April, 1871. Sermons were breached on the day of dedication by Professor Loebenstein, of Berea College, Ohio; Dr. William Nast, and the Rev. H. Liebhart. The building is fifty-three by seventy-six feet in size, outside dimensions. The style of architecture is Byzantine, and the material of the structure is stone and brick. From'the middle of the roof rises a tower, fifteen feet square, terminating in a spire one hundred and fifty-eight feet in hight. The interior is furnished in artistic style, and is neatly and comfortably appointed, The room is lighted by twelve Gothic windows, having ground glass centers and colored side pieces. The seating capacity, including galleries, is seven hundred and fifty, although a thousand could probably gain admittance. The room is lighted at night by a ceiling gas reflector, seven feet and a half in diameter, containing forty-two burners-the largest single reflector in the city. The pastors have been: Rev. John Muth, 1849 to 1850; Rev. John H. Barth, 1850 to 1852; Rev. John H. Bahrenberg, 1852 to 1854; Rev. G. A.'Braunig, 1854 to 1855; Rev. John Bier, 1855 to 1856; Rev. John H. Luckemeyer, 1856 to 1857; Rev. Max Hohans, 1857 to 1858; Rev. G. F. Miller, 1858 to 1850; Rev. John Hoppen (who died in 1861, and was one of the most zealous and effective ninisters in the conference), 1860 to 1861; Rev. John Schneider, 1861 to 1862; Rev. William Ahrens, 1862 to 1863; Rev. G. A. Braunig, 1863 to 1864; Rev. A. Loebenstein, 1864 to 1866; Rev. H. G. Lich, 1866 to 1868; Rev. G. Trefz, the present pastor, who entered upon his duties in 1868. The present Trustees are: Frederick Thoms, Peter Goth, Frederick Rapp, George Albright, Joseph Long, George Hereth, Gustave Stark. The present membership numbers two hundred and twenty-five; the SabbathSchool has twenty-four officers and teachers, and two hundred pupils. The cost of the building and site was $27,500; and the society is virtually out of debt. MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE CHURCH. Location: Corner of Massachusetts avenue and Oak street. This society was organized in the summer of 1870, under the pastoral direction of Rev. B, F. Morgan, with about eighty members. The Rev. Amos Hanway, the- present pastor, was appointed by Bishop Scott, in, September, 1870. The number of communicants is now about one hundred and eighty; the Sabbath-School has about two hundred and fifteen members, and is, in a growing condition. The church site and building: are worth about $4.,000. 237 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. ALLEN CHAPEL (cOLORED). Location: On Broadway street, between Christian Avenue and Cherry street. This society was organized August 6th, 1866, by Bishop Campbell; and began with only eight members. In the same year the conference appointed Elder W. S. Lankford a missionary for the north-eastern portion of the city. He began his labors by holding religious services at a private house in that quarter of the city. Here he organized a Sabbath-School. Steps were early taken to procure a site and erect upon it a house of worship for the society. By the aid of a small contribution from the conference, and larger ones from individual friends of the enterprise, the above site was secured, upon which a neat frame building-thirty-six by forty-four feet, having a seating capacity for about two hundred and fifty persons, and creditable in its style and appointments-was promptly erected. By Christmas, 1866, the society had occupied their new building. Elder Lankford was succeeded in the pastorate, at the expiration of one year, by Elder Henry Brown, who remained one year. The latter's successor was the Rev. Henry DePugh, the present pastor, now in his third year. The society has shown great energy from the first, and has had a corresponding prosperity. Its membership now numbers about two hundred, and the Sabbath-School has one hundred and twenty-five members. The value of the property is about $5,000. BETHEL CHAPEL (COLORED.) Location: Vermont street, between Missouri and West streets. This society was organized in 1836. The colored population of the city at that time, and for many years following, was inconsiderable in number and limited in means. Consequently the society prospered indifferently, and contended against many difficulties. For several years the religious services were held in such buildings as the means of the society enabled them to secure-in private houses, etc. Finally a site was secured on West Georgia street, between Mississippi and the Canal, to which was removed the discarded building formerly used by the congregation of Christ Church. In this building the society worshiped for several years; when it was destroyed by fire, July 9th, 1862. Several years later the property on Georgia street was sold, for which $3,000 was realized. The society secured their present church site, on Vermont street, between Missouri and West, and energetically proceeded to erect thereon a far more costly and pretentious building than the one that the fire had destroyed. Pending its erection and dedication the congregation worshipped in the old Strange Chapel, on North Tennessee Street. Though their new house of worship is not yet completed, the audience room has for some time been occupied by the congregation. To complete it and extinguish the debt of the society will require several thousand dollars. It is quite a neat and commodious structure, and will seat from six hundred to eight hundred persons. The property includes a parsonage, adjacent to the church building. When the improvements shall have been completed, the value of the property will be from $25,000 to $30,000. Owing to the deficiency of the records of this church, and of the other sources of information that have been accessible for the present purpose, it has not been 238 -1I C) rQI 1-igtt ~L~(nit — A -- I- - ill. ~ i . i i .I"'A I RELIGIOUS. practicable to obtain a list of the past pastors of this society. The present pastor is Rev. W. C. Trevan; and particularly prominent, energetic and efficient among his predecessors, was the Rev. W. R. Revels-a brother of Ex-Senator Revels, of Mississippi-who served the congregation from 1861 to 1865. The present church membership is about four hundred; that of the SabbathSchool, two hundred. Summary-Total membership of the Methodist Denomination in Indianapolis, three thousand two hundred and nineteen; total Sabbath-School membership, two thousand eight hundred and six; total value of church property, $391,500. ROMAN CAT H OL IC. OUTLINE OF ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH HISTORY IN INDIANAPOLIS. The year 1836 may be given as the date of the initiatory steps in the formation of the first Roman Catholic society in this city. Prior to that date several Catholic families had settled in this city and in its vicinity, who were visited once or twice a year by priests from a distance. The earliest of these visitors was the Rev. Father Francois, who was living and laboring among the Indians near Logansport, Indiana. Another pioneer minister of the church was the Rev. Theodore Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States, who held religious services a few times in Indianapolis and Shelbyville, Indiana. There being no house of worship dedicated to the Roman Catholic faith anywhere in this section, the visiting clergymen were content to say mass at the residences of Joseph Laux, Michael Shea, John O'ConInor, and of other of the early Catholic settlers. Some time during the year 1837, the Rt. Rev. Simon Gabriel Brute, appointed the first Bishop of Vincennes in 1834, assigned the Rev. Vincent Bacquelin to the charge of the Catholic settlement near Shelbyville, Indiana. The latter laid the foundation of St. Vincent's Church, which was soon after completed. Once or twice each month he visited the infant Catholic society here; who, for want of a church building of their own, now rented a small room which they used for church purposes for nearly three years. In 184C a lot was purchased beyond the canal, opposite to the old "Carlisle House,' on which a small frame church called The Holy Cross Church was erected. This building is still standing, but is now used for trade purposes. The pastor, Father Bacquelin, a zealous and earnest evangelist, continued to attend alternately St. Vincent's, Shelby county, and the Holy Cross, Indianapolis, until August, 1846, in which year he was accidentally killed, and was buried at St. Vincent's. For several months after his death, the church was served by Rev John McDermott; who was succeeded by Rev. Patrick J. R. Murphy, who, in March, 1848, was located elsewhere; and the charge was then given to Rev. John Gueguen. At the time of the accession of the last namned minister to the pastorate, the congregation had outgrown the capacity of their church, and steps were taken for the erection of a suitable edifice. Accordingly work was commenced on the present St. John's Church, which was completed in 1850. Father Gueguen officiated here until the year 1853, and was succeded by Rev. Daniel Maloney, who, in 1857, enlarged the church building. In the same year the Roman Catholic Germnans, whose minister was Rev. L. Brandt of Madison, commenced building the present St. Mary's Church, on Maryland street, near Delaware. The enlargement of St. John's church had. scarcely 239 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. been completed when Father Maloney was removed, and Rev. Aug. Bessonies appointed pastor. The appointment was made in October, 1857, and on the 5th November following Rev. Mr. Bessonies began the pastoral labors which he has ever since performed with unremitting zeal, and in a most exemplary Christian spirit. In January, 1858, the German Roman Catholic congregation were assigned a settled pastor, in the person of Rev. J. Seigrist, who officiated a short time in St. John's, until, by extraordinary effort, the erection of the German church was so far advanced as to permit its use for Divine service on August 15th of that year. In 1858 the members of St. John's congregation began building a Young Ladies' Academy on the corner of Georgia and Tennessee streets, which was completed and opened by the Sisters of Providence in 1859, and was enlarged in 1861. Dur ing the four years succeeding 1859, several purchases of real estate were made, and a number of buildings for church uses erected; among which may be specified the Catholic Cemetery, in 1862, and St. John's Pastoral Residence, in 1863. In 1862 Rev. J. M. Villars was appointed assistant pastor of St. John's, and was succeeded by R. F. Gouesse. In 1865 St. Peter's Church, at the end of Virginia avenue, was built by the Rev. Aug. Bessonies, and was opened for Divine service on the 29th of June, (Feast of St. Peter). Rev. Joseph Petit was the first pastor. In 1865 the large school building for boys adjoining St. John's Pastoral residence, was begun. It was completed in 1866; and in 1867 the Brothers of the Sacred Heart took charge of it and began their educational labors. At the same time the German Catholics built school houses for boys and girls, and in 1866 the Sisters of St. Francis, from Oldenberg, opened their academy. The house of worship of St. John's Church, notwithstanding the formation of the two new parishes-St. Mary's and St. Peter's-was now too small; and the erection of a splendid cathedral, fronting on Tennessee street, between Maryland and Georgia streets, was commenced in 1867. The foundation, which cost over $7,000, having been finished, on July 21, 1862, the corner stone was laid by the Rt. Rev. Maurice de St. Palais, Bishop of Vincennes, in the presence of the Governor and officers of State, the members of the City Council, and an immense concourse of the inhabitants of the city and neighborhood, such as was never before gathered together in the city on any similar occasion. The general style of the cathedral is the French Gothic of the thirteenth century, and the front will be very imposing and elegant. The extreme dimensions of the building are seventy-five by two hundred two and a-half feet. The center nave is fifty feet wide and fifty-three feet high at the highest point. The transept is to be fifty by sixty-seven feet. The three principal entrances are on the west, the center one being double. Also north and south side entrances. The sanctuary is forty by thirty and a-half feet, with the vestry rooms on either side. There will be a chapel for the baptismal font on the north side of the church, near the entrance; and four smaller chapels on each side of the nave, for side altars and confessionals. The pulpit will be at the south-west corner pillar af the transept. The elevation comprises two towers surmounted by spires, similar in general outline and finish, and two hundred feet high. The three front portals are trimmed with cut stone One leads through each tower. The central portal is thirtytwo feet in height and eighteen feet in width. The others are sixteen feet in height and eight in width. 240 RELIGIOUS. Above the chancel, there is a large rose window, eighteen feet in diameter, filled with cut stone tracery. The glass will be stained and filled with emblematic figures. There will be a gallery for an organ and choir, thirty feet in width, and extending across the front of the church; but no other gallery. The foundation of stone is very heavy; and the window and doorways will be set in cut stone. Two large furnace and coal cellars underneath are arched, and heating pipes will be enclosed with iron cylinders, so that the building will be fire proof. On the occasion of the laying of the corner stone, the sermon was preached by the Jesuit Father Smarius. The Rev. Father P. R. Fitzpatrick, who succeeded Father Gouesse, in 1866, was appointed to make the requisite collections for continuing the work of erecting the edifice, and Rev. D. McMullen was so(,t here to assist in the parochial duties and to attend to adjoining missions. In 1868, the pastor, Rev. Aug. Bessonies, took charge of the building, and, with Falther Fitzpatrick, collected funds to carry on the work. In June, 1869, the latter was assigned to St. Peters Church to take the place of Rev. Father Petit, who visited Europe In October, 1869, Father Brassart was sent to assist at St John's, until January 1st, 1870, when Rev. Father Petit returned and was located at St. John's until the Bishop's return from Rome. St. John's new church, better known as the Cathedral, in expectation that the Bishop of Vincennes, will remove to this city, or that a new See will be created at Indianapolis, is now completed as to the exterior; and work on the interior issteadily progressing. The interior finish and appointments will be in keeping with the artistic elegance of the general design. The cost of the completed edifice will be about $120,000. In 1870, Father P. R. Fitzpatrick, then pastor of St. Peter's church, finding that building to small to accommodate his fast increasing congregation, laid the corner stone of a new church building, called St. Patrick's. It is a fine brick structure, and will be completed sometime -in August, 1871, when the old church will be used for a school house by the Brothers of the Sacred Heart, for the instruc-.tion of the boys of the congregation. St. John's Home for Invalids, whose character and purposes are sufficiently indicated by its name-is located on Maryland street, between Illinois and Tennessee, and is under the charge and administration of the Sisters of Providence.o In place of this institution, the erection of a hospital on East street is proposed -for which purpose an appropriate site has been secured. House of Refuge.-The erection of a building for this purpose is proposed;. and to this end suitable property has been donated to the Sisters of the Good'. Shepherd, by the city of Indianapolis, and by S. A. Fletcher, Esq. The Catholic population of the city, including children, is estimated at ten thousand, distributed among the parishes as follows: St. John's, five thousand; St. Mary's three thousand; St. Peter's two thousand. The pastors now in charge are: St. John's,-Rev. Aug Bessonies, and Rev. Joseph Petit; St. Peter's,-Rev. P. R. Fitzpatrick; St. Mary's,-Rev. S. Siegrist. Summary.-Total number of communicants of the Catholic Denomination in Indianapolis, about four thousand; total Sabbath-School membership, about ones thousand; total value of church property, $300,000. (16) 241 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. HEBR E W. The Hebrew population of Indianapolis numbers about five hundred. The Judaic faith has one church society in this city; whose house of worship is located on the south side of Market street, between New Jersey and East streets. Prior to 1833, the families of Moses Woolf and Alexander Franco, constituted the entire Hebrew population of this city. With these for a nucleus, the number slowly increased; and in the winter of 1855, a congregation was organized, who purchased three and a-half acres near the city and dedicated it to the uses of a cemetery. The constitution and by laws of the society give the following list of officers and >members at the date of organization: Mr. Moses Woolf, President; Dr. J. M. Rosenthal, Vice President; Mr. Max 'Glaser, Treasurer; Mr. Ad. Dessar, Secretary; Mr. Ad. Rosenthal, Mr. Max Dern'ham, Mr. Mr. Julius Glaser, Trustees; Mr. Peter Harmon, Mr. Josesph B. Dessar, Mr. Selig Weil, Mr. Jacob Maas, Mr. S. Sloman, Mr. H. Bamberger, Mr. Simon Wolff, Mr. J. M Altman, Mr. H. A. Jessel, Mr. F. Ullman, Dr. N. Knepfler, Mr. Fred. Knefier, Mr. Henry Kittner, Mr. Moses Heller, (Knightstown,) Mr. H. Rosenthal, (Kokomo.) Of these Mr. Woolf and four others are the only members still connected with the society. No minister was engaged until the autumn of 1856; when a small "room in Blake's Row was rented and fitted up for religious services, and the Rev. Mr. Berman was engaged as pastor during the holidays. The congregation increased very rapidly during the next few years, and in -1858 was able to provide a more suitable place of worship, a hall in Judah's Block, which was dedicated by the Rev. Dr. Wise, of Cincinnati. During the same year the energetic congregation engaged the Rev. J. Wechsler, a minister of eminent :zeal and ability, as pastor; who served until 1861. During the latter year the society was without a pastor and was on the brink of dissolution-the membership'at one time having been reduced to thirteen. In 1862, the society rallied, and made a forward movement by the election of Rev. M. Moses as pastor. Meanwhile, several innovations were made in the old-time cere,monies and tenets of the Jewish faith, and the worship was not a little modified .and altered, in accordance with the spiritual progress of the age. Thus a life-giv'ing spirit and harmonious zeal were infused into the society. Among the changes made at this time was the organization and employment of a choir. Henceforth -the society had a more rapid growth. Mr. Moses retired from the pastorate in 1863, and was succeeded by the Rev. 'Dr. Kalish, a learned divine who rendered general satisfaction. The membership "had now increased to over fifty, and the society began to seriously consider the ne,cessity of obtaining suitable church property of their own. To secure the success of this enterprise, the Rev. Mr. Wechsler, who was a second time chosen, persist ently labored. To impress its importance upon his congregation he made nearly every sermon an occasion; and, finally, in 1864, subscriptions were started Du ring the same winter a sufficient sum was subscribed to authorize the purchase of a site on East Market street, and on the 7th day of December, 1865, the corner stone of ~the present temple was laid, with the impressive ceremonies of the Jewish Church, the Rev. Dr. Lilienthal, of Cincinnati, delivering the oration. But before the build "ing had been completed the subscriptions were exhausted, and work was suspended for over a year. The society was again in the midst of a crisis, from which the .242 RELIl(IO0US. 'prospects of escape were anything but encouraging and it was abundantly predicted and readily believed, that the property would have to be sold to pay the in*cumbrances upon it. From this dilemma the liberality of a few members rescued the imperiled enterprise. These went into the money market and raised the requisite means for completing the building. The temple, erected and furnished at a cost of $22,000, was dedicated on 'the 30th of October, 1868. The dedicatory exercises were of an imposing charac:ter: embracing a large procession, an address by H. Bamnberger, Esq., the President 'f the congregation; a dedicatory sermon by the Rev. Dr. Wise, and a banquet at night. In the autumn of 1867, Mr. Wechsler was succeeded by the Rev. Morris Messing, the present pastor. The congregation has certainly shown great perseverance in the face of for-midable discouragements; and may be pardoned for no small degree of pride, in the building ef so handsome a house of worship by a membership so small. The society now has fifty-eight members, and sustains a Saturday and Sunday'school of fifty-four pupils. The temple is in the Renai.ssance style of architecture, and is a tasteful structure in its exterior aspects and interior finish and appointments. It is built of brick, with an elegant stone front. Its dimensions are forty by eighty feet; and the auditorium has seating capacity for about four hundred persons. The value of the building and site is about $27,000. L UI T HERAN. FIRST ENGLISH LUTHERAN CHURCH. Location: Corner of Alabama -and New York streets. This association was organized in January, 1837, by the Rev. Abraham Reck-; and was at that time composed of twenty members, among whom were the heads ,of the Brown, Hautgh, Ohr, and other families,-well-known names in the city. Of the primary organization but seven members are now living; and these are still connected with the church. The founder, and first pastor, died in 1869, in Lancaster, Ohio. The first church building,-a one-story brick-was erected in 1838, on the ,south-east corner of Meridian and Ohio streets. The Rev. Mr. Reck resigned the charge in 1840, and was succeeded by the Rev. A. A. Timper, (now of Illinois,) who served until 1843. He was shortly af~terward succeeded by the Rev. Jacob Shearer, (since deceased,) who was the pas. tor until 1845. From 1845 to 1850, the Rev. A. H. Myers, (now of Ashland, Ohio,) was pastor of the congregation. His successor was the Rev. E. R. Guiney, whose labors were closed by his death, in 1853, and whose remains lie in Crown Hill Cemetery. The next pastor was the Rev. J. A. Kunkleman, (now of Philadelphia,) 'whose ministry covered a period of over eight years; during which period the pres.ent church edifice was built, (completed and dedicated in 1861.) After the retirement of Mr. Kunkleman, in 1866, the congregation was served successively by the Rev. J. H. W. Stuckenberg, (now of Pittsburgh,) for about eighteen months; and P'rof. H. L. Baugher, (of Gettysburg, Penn.,) for nearly a year. The present pas. for, the Rev. W. W. Criley, accepted the charge inIl869. 243 HOLLOWA;'IS IND.IA4APOtIS, The society now numnbers over two hundred members; the Sabbath-Schooi' one hundred and fifty. The church edifice is a neat brick building, Waving capacity for about three hundred persons. Connected with the church is a parsonage. The value of the church property is about $18,060, and the society is elntirely out of debt. ST. iAtL'S GERMAN EVANGELICAt, LUTHERRAR Location' Corner of East and Georgia streets This association was organized on the 5th June, 1844, at a meeting held in the old seminary building. Pursuant to the action of that meeting, a site was pur. chased on Alabama street, between Washington and Louisiana streets; on which a brick church edifice was built, and dedicated on the 11th day of May, 1845. The first pastor was the Rev. Theodore J. G. Kuntz; who was succeeded in 1851 by the Rev. Charles Frinke. Under the energetic and wise administration of the latter pastor, the congregation increased to such an extent that the capacity of their church-building became insuflicient, necessitating the erection of another and larger edifice. For this purpose the requisite site was secured at the corner of East and Georgin streets; where a house of worship, fifty by one hundred and seventeen feet was erected, and was dedicated November 3d, 1860, by the Rev. Dr. Wynelken, President of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod. The completion of this commodious structure was a source of appropriate pride and satisfaction to the congregation that had labored so assiduously and harmoniously to that end; and whose success, considering the difficulties to be overcome, had been as conspicuous as it had been speedily attained. On the same site, immediately in the rear of the church edifice, two buildings for sch-ool purposes were also erected by the congregation; who, since their first organization, have sustained a parochial school, which is now conducted by three teachers: Messrs. Contselmann, A. K]rome, and William Brueggemann. The Rev. Mr. Frinke, having accepted a call from Baltimore, Md., was succeeded by the present pastor, the Rev. Chr. Hoehstetter, called from Pittsburgh; and installed in his present pastoral relation on the 24th of April, 1868. Under the pastoral charge of Mr. lHochstetter the church has had great prosperity; and the numniber of members, as well as of pupils in the parochial school, has largely increased. In 1869, a site for a parsonage was purchased on the corner of East and Ohio streets, and a neat residence was erected upon it. In 1870, ten acres of ground were purchased in the south-eastern suburb of the city, and dedicated to the purposes of a cemetery for the Lutheran population of Indianapolis. The number of voting members of this church is two hundred and ten. A capable choir and a large organ furnish a good quality of music at the religious services of this society. The present number of pupils in the parochial school is two hundred and sixty. The governing authorities of the church for the current year, are as follow: Rev. Chr. Hochstetter, Pastor; Frederick Ostermieer, William Cook, and Charles 244 tFLIG I0 mUS. orange, Trustees; Louis Meier, and William Roeber, Elders, Ernest Roeber, and Charles Stiegman, Presbyters. The value of the property is about $50,000. ZION'S CHURCHE. Location: OOhio street, between Meridian and Illinois. This society was founded in 1840. The first pastor was the Rev. J. G. Kunt; ,who served the church until 1842. The church had no regular pastor until 1844, when the Rev. J. F. Isensee was called to the charge. The first house of worship, located on the site of the present church building, was dedicated on the 18th of May, 1845. The society now took the name of the German Evangelical Zion's Church-the first German Protestant church organization in Indianapolis. The.Rev. Mr. Isensee retired from the pastorate in 1850; since which time the church has been served by the following pastors: The Rev. A. Rahn, 1850-51; the Rev. Mr. Riley, 1851-52; the Rev. C. E. Zobel, 1853-54; the Rev. A. E. Kuester, 1854-59. The Rev. II. Quinius, the present pastor, has served the congregation since 1859. In 1860, the society built a two story brick building, for parochial school pur poses. In 1866, was begun the erection of their present house of worship. The corner-stone was laid on the lst of July, of the same year; and the building was dedicated on the 5th of February, 1867. The church now has four hundred communicants; the Sabbath-School two hundred pupils, and the parochial school one hundred and eighty. The church property is valued at $30,000. Summary-Total membership of the Lutheran Denomination, in Indianapolis, edight hundred and ten; total Sabbath-School membership, three hundred and fifty;, ttXT~ T:MT'DI.&.MT.A. 17th of September. 1857, leaving his depositors victims to the amount of $15,000. This indebtedness was all, or nearly all, paid by the receiver in April, 1858. In 1856, G. S. Hamer established an enterprise devoted chiefly to "note shaving," and the emission of "shinplaster" currency. After an inglorious career of some six months, Hamer was arrested for passing counterfeit money, his enterprise faded out of existence, and he out of the community. The present private banking house of Fletcher & Sharpe, the "Indianapolis Branch Banking Company," was established January 1st, 1857, by Calvin Fletcher, Sr., and Thomas H. Sharpe. Calvin Fletcher, Sr., died on the 26th of May, 1866. The present house consists of Thomas H. Sharpe, Ingram Fletcher and Albert E. Fletcher. In the autumn of 1862, Kilby Ferguson established the Merchants Bank. Disastrous gold speculations terminated Mr. Ferguson's banking career in somewhat less than one year. His liabilities were not settled until several years after his failure. At the beginning of the year 1860, it is estimated that the banking capital of the city did not exceed $500,000. The statistics at the close of this sketch will exhibit the great increase since then. The Indiana Banking Company, a private bank, and a reliable and flourishing institution of to-day, was established March 1st, 1865, with a capital of $100,000. The present private banking house of Woolen, Webb & Co., was established in March, 1870; the Savings Bank of J. B. Ritzinger, March 26, 1868. This completes our mention of the State, Free and Private Bank enterprises of the city to the present date; and we will now retrace our chronology to the time of the introduction of THE NATIONAL BANKING SYSTEM. The war of the rebellion wrought its familiar revolution in the paper currency circulation of the country, superseding the circulating notes of State and private banks by a currency founded on the credit of the nation. Thus was inaugurated the era of a better founded and more correct system of banking-as relates to circulation, at least-than the country had ever known: The National Banking System, established by Congress in 1864. The first National Bank in this city, and one of the first in the United States, was organized on the 11th of May, 1863, by Wm. H, English and ten associates, under the name of The First National Bank of Indianapolis. The paid in capital, in the beginning was $150,000, which amount has been increased, from time to time, until it is now $1,000,000, with a surplus fund of $200,000,-being the largest bank in the State, and one of the largest in the West. The First National occupied this field exclusively until the fall of 1864, when the Indianapolis National was organized, and others followed, until we now have five, with an aggregate capital of $2,500,000, being about one eighteenth of all the wealth on the tax duplicate of the county. It is the boast of the stockholders of the First National Bank that one-fortieth of all the taxes flowing into the treasury of Marion county is derived from the tax upon the stock of that bank. The dates of the organization of the other National Banks in this city were: The Citizens' National Bank, November 28, 1864; T'he Indianapolis National Bank, December 15, 1864; The Fourth National Bank, January 23, 1865 (consolidated with the Citizens' in December, 1865); The Merchants' National Bank, January 17, 1865; The Indiana National Bank, March 14, 1865. 302 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOL.TS. g'I THE I DIANA USIC STORE WTEBER PIANOS. KEEP OTHER FIRST CLASS PIANOS. KEEP OTHER FIRST CLASS ORGANS. SIH_-,T MUSICS Keep a Full Stock of all Kinds of Musical Merchandise. "Willard's Musical Visitor" Only 50 Cts. Per Annum. GIA R~8 A CAiLL A. G. WILLARD & CO., 4 And 5 Bates House Blocks The table, placed for the sake of convenience at the end of this sketch, will show, in detail, the capital, business, and condition generally, of each of these five National Banks, and is taken from the sworn returns of their respective officers to the General (government. RESOURCES OF TIE PRIVATE BANKS. As private bankers are not required to render any detailed report of their business to the Government, it is more difficult to give an account of them. It is well known, however, that the private bankers of Indianapolis are doing a large and prosperous business. Their capital and average deposits would probably stand about as follows: S. A. Fletcher & Co.........................................................................$800,000 Fletcher & Sharpe............................................................................ 750,000 Indianapolis Insurance Company........................................................ 550,000 Indiana Banking Company................................................................ 550,00 A. & J. C. S. Harrison........................................................................ 450,000 Woolen, Webb & Co............................................ 350, 00 Ritzinger's B a n k.............................................................................. 250,000 Pettit, Braden & Co.................................................................... 80,000 Making a total of................................................................. $3,780,000 How much of this is capital and how much deposits, we are not informed; but more than half is probably deposits. THE CLEARING HOUSE. The banking interests of the city reached such a magnitude as to require the establishment of a Clearing House, which went into operation in\the beginning of the year 1871. The following table will show what banks constitute the association, and the amount of capital and average deposits reported by each bank at that time, viz: First National Bank......................................................................$1,600,000 S. A. Fletcher & Co..................................................... 800,000 A. & J. C. S. Harrison............................................................ 450,000 Fletcher & Sharpe......................................................................... 750,000 The Indianapolis National Bank...................................................... 700,000 Indianapolis Insurance Company.................................................. 550,000 Citizens' National Bank................................................, 800,000 Woolen, Webb & Co...................................................................... 350, 000 Ritzinger's Bank...................................................................... 250,000 Pettit, Braden & Co............................................. 80,000 Indiana Banking Company............................................................. 550,000 Merchants' National Bank............................................................ 200,000 Indiana National Bank............................................................... 500,000 Total...............................................................................$7,580,000 The Officers of the Clearing House are: President, William H. English; Vice President, F. M. Churchman; Manager, Jot Elliott; Executive Committee, A. G. Pettibone, William H. English and F.M. Churchman. 304 HOLLOW] A8 INDIANAPOLIS. LICHT. PORTABLE GAS LIGHT. So THRE NONPAREIL 'o.1+ ~j ~~~! PATENTED AUGUST 17th, 1869. This invention operates on a principle entirely new.. Unlike ail other inventions where the lightIs dependent upon the heat of the Brass Plate or Burner, by a very simple contrivance of a small jet underneath, the fluid is converted into a perfect gas before it reaches the nib, (which is a regular gas tip), and burns through it exactly the same as any city (or coal) gas, and equal to a six foot burner, at one-eighth the cost-just as steady and noiseless; in fact is not unlike it in any respect. All objections of flickering and noise to other burners is obviated in this, and does not blow ou, as easily, for the heating jet is protected from wind by a small tube. Consumes about forty per cent. less fluid than any other Portable Gas Light, and is certainly the most economical, best and safest light ever invented. NO POSSIBLE CHANCE FOR CAS LEAKS OR EXPLOSIONS, As gas is generated only as fast as consumed. They are, without exception, the MOST COMPLETE SAFETY LAMP now in use, and supply a want long felt-a light to take the place of city, or coal gas, which is ruinously expensive, and, kerosene oil lights are too miserable and dangerous for any one, and cost four times as much besides the breakage of chimneys, the intolerable nuisance of trimming, cleaning, etc., The Lamps and Fixtures are made entirely of metal consequently can not break, and aro adapted to all places where light is needed. One of the most important features is its application to STREET LAMPS, which can be set on wooden posts, at any point desired at a cost not to ex-. ceed (for lamp and post) the cost of an ordinary iron lamp post alone. Any party purchasing the right of this invention for a State will be sure to have all the business he can handle, and a paying investment. LARCE PROFITS AND NO COMPETITION. Lamps and Fixtures of all styles, manufactured in the very best manner and sold at wholesale mnd retail at the lowest possible rates. For State and County Rights or any information, apply to or address A,:2- 3 -oE33V zrho. ~-8:XI~TTJCrs~s.V:EirLT], - - * INDIANA. INDIANAPOLIS, (20) AP LICHT. LICHT. COMPARATIVE STATEMENTP of the Condition of the National Banks of Indianapolis, I officially reported to the Comptroller of the Curren aESOURcaS. First National. Indiana Nat. Merchants Loans and Discounts................................... $1,059,982 94 $460,986 15 $147,1 Overdrafts............................................................................................................ 7,714 39 4,( United States bonds to secure circulation................................... 890,000 00 400,000 00 200,( United States bonds to secure deposits.......................................... 100,000 00........................................ United States bonds and securities on hand............................. 7,700 00 38,400 00............... Other stocks, bonds and mortgages.............................................. 16,600 00 26,378 82 1,( Due from Redeemhig and Reserve Agents..................................... 68,582 00 23,649 19 26,(. Due from other National Banks................................................... 36,136 52 59,072 52 3,' Due from other banks and bankers.......... 6................................... 61,561 52 315 29. 'Real estate furniture and fixtures................................ 9,811 52 2,373 17 4,1 Current expenses.............................................. 5,168 48 1,122 16 1,' Taxes paid...................................................3,743 17. Premiums............................................................................... 30.812 35 5,139 45 7,: Cash Items (including stamps)..................................................... 8,959 36 2,883 09 3,. Bills of other National Banks...................................................... 102,423 00 12,222 00 8 Fractional currency.................................................................... 1,396 71 2,640 34 Specie........................................................ 274 00 6,191 40 Legal Tenders............................................... 175,000 00 71,500 00 24, Total................................................................................ $2,578,151 57 $1,120,587 97 $434, LIABILITIES. First National. Indiana Nat. Merchant Capital stock............................................. $1,000,000 00 $400,000 00 $200, Surplus fund......................................................................... 140,000 00 66,000 00 9, Undivided profits......................................................................... 65,192 48 14,634 97 3, National Bank notes outstanding................................................ 800,000 00 349,000 00 90, Dividends unpaid.......................................................... Individual deposits.................................................................. 522,918 94 182,259 62 United States deposits............................................................... 27,103 11....................... Due to National Banks.................................................................18,548 90 21,944 9. Due other banks and bankers........................................................ 4,388 14 86,748 43.............. Total................................................ $2,578,151 57 $1,120,587 97 $434 BROWNINC & SLOAN, AND DEALERS IN PAINTS, OILS, WINDOW GLASS, GLASS WARE, Dye-Stuffs, Spices, Brushes of all kinds, Combs, FINE PERFUMERY, AND TOILET ARTICLES, SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, FROG THE BEST MANUFACTURERS, IM3MTaaS:Ea <>S IX.X 3M:l3DIS, Suspensor4es, Elastic Stockings, And all articles usually found in a First-Class Drug House, and in variety and detail not surpassed by any House in the country, and at lowest figures. APOTHECARIES' HALL, 7 and 9 East Washington Street, INDIANAPOLIS, IND, Da I'1 X S r .2 D|k 308 IHOLLOWAY'S INDIAiAPOIg'. IN'DIANAPOLIS MANUFACTURES. EARLY MANUFACTURES. The earliest manufactures of Indianapolis, as of most new Western towns, were rather assistants to, than substitutes for, home-made work. The mills that ground grain and sawed lumber frequently also made woollen rolls for the farmer's wife's spinning and weaving. The first of these belonged to William Townsend and Earl Pierce, and was connected with the grist-mill of Andrew Wilson and Daniel Yandes, on the Bayou. It was put in operation first in June, 1823. But one set of machinery could hardly supply all the work needed for the stockings and woolsey "wamuses," coverlets and dresses of a community which made most of the material for its own clothes. Other carding machines were set at work; some, like the first, in connection with grist-mills, others by themselves-these latter being usually run by horse power. As late as 1832 or'33, the ruins of one of these latter stood on the northwest corner of Illinois and Maryland streets, and another was at work at a still later date on Kentucky avenue, about where the old Tobacco Factory afterwards stood. The addition of spinning machinery marked the introduction of what may be fairly called "manufactures." This was the effect of the impulse created by the canal, though the Old Steam Mill Company of 1832 may have contemplated some such development if it had succeeded better at the outset. In 1839, Scudder & Hannaman built a mill on the canal "race," at the foot of Washington street, and in a little while, (if not at first,) added spinning and weaving to carding, and really "manufactured" as well as did custom carding and spinning,. Nathaniel West, about the same time, established his mill at what was. called Cotton Town, at the crossing of the Michigan road over the canal, doing much the same kind of work, but with an added attempt at cotton spinning. The first of these establishments passed into the hands of Merritt & Coughlen in 1844 or 1845, and, under the railroad impulse, has developed into the large and flourishing mill near the same site, notwithstanding the "backset" of a fire in 185I, West's mill made Cotton Town a busy place for some years, but cotton spinning was a little too long a step for the time, and though Mr. Yount, in 1849, still kept up the woolen business, there was a steady decline of the prosperity of this prom ising suburb. In 1847, G. W. and C. E. Geisendorff leased the old steam mill, and renewed the wool manufacture there; but it was not a promising business at the start. Subsequently they built the frame portion of their present mill on the canal "race,' and, prosperity following perseverance, they added the larger brink portion. In 1830, or thereabout, the late James Blake built a little house on the high ground on Alabama street, near South, for the "manufacture" of ginseng-that isr its preparation-for the Philadelphia market, whence it was shipped to China. This root, which is a favorite condiment and medicine in China, used to abound it the woods about the city, especially in the vicinity of the grave yard pond and back of Samuel Merril's residence, and was collected by the boys and sold to drug. gists long after Mr. Blake's house was abandoned. It has now disappeared almost entirely,.even from the woods where no innovation of city influence has reached. The old "ang factory," as it was called, was a noted place for shooting doves before' the railroads cut up and built up that part of the city.' In 1834, John S. Barges and Williamson Maxwell began making linseed oil in an old stable, or a building very like it, on the alley south of Maryland street, just in the rear of the present Fifth Ward school house. They sold to Scudder & Hannasman the year after, and the latter moved the business to their new mill in 1839 IVITCHELL & RANIMELSBERG, Wholesale and Retail Dealers i Nos. 41And 43 SOUTH MERIDIAN STREET, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. i~~~~~~~~~~~~~. i..ii...ii. I l CHARLES AYER. (E-TALISHKED 1840.) WILLIAM HAUEISE, CHARLBS.MAYBR & ~0,, IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF TOYS, NOTIONS, AND FANCY GOODS, Children's Carriages, Fancy Willow Ware &c., 29 WEST WASHINGTON STREET, A long horizontal log, working against another, as a lever, was the press used. When hydraulic pressure came into use, Mr. Hannaman found that the Cincinnati manufacturers could buy his "cake" and make oil of it at a lower price than he could sell the first "pressing" for, and he "quit." About the same time, and near the same place that oil was first made, Frank Devinney carried on the first mattress making establishment. About the same time, John L. Young established the first brewery, on Maryland street, just west of the line of the canal. The first manufacturing of tobacco was done by a man generally known as "Bill" Bagwell, in a little cabin on the South-west corner of Maryland and Tennessee streets. He made only cigars, and those of the "common," or " unsoaked" kind. This was as early as 1830, possibly earlier. In 1835, Scudder & Hannaman began the manufacture of tobacco, on a considerable scale, in a building on Kentucky avenue, below Maryland street, in the rear of'Squire Henry Bradley's house. They employed quite a number of boys in "stemming" or "stripping," and several cigar and "chewing" hands. The cigars were all made of soaked tobacco, and called'"melee."' The chewing tobacco was mostly the heavy black plug, once so well known in the West, but now driven out by "navy" and a dozen other varieties of cheap stuff. But " fine cut" was made occasionally, as well as " twist," and smoking tobacco was still rhore frequently made. It was chiefly sold in the north and along the lake, and wagoned away. It was raised in Marion, MIorgan, Johnson, Hendricks, and Bartholomew counties. In September, 1838, the sweat-house-a little, close, wooden building for heating the heavy plug tobacco after pressing-caught fire, and it and the whole structure adjoining were burned down, causing a total loss-for in those days nobody insured anything-of $10,000. The establishment was sold to John Cain in 1843, and was carried on by him till his failure a few years after, when Robert L. Walpole took it and conducted it on the part of the creditors for a short time. Then the tobacco manufacture disappeared from the city till it was renewed by George F. Meyer, in July of 1850. It is now a very important interest. Pork packing, another interest still more important than the last, was first attempted about 1835, by James Bradley and one or two associates. They bought slaughtered hogs of the farmers, and cut and cured them in an old log building on Maryland street, where the residence of L. B. Wilson'now stands. It had formerly been the pottery of George Myers. The speculation did not pay, and no more was done in the pork trade till 1841, when John H. Wright, (the first "cash store" man,) who had come from Richmond some time before, bought slaughtered hogs at his store for "half cash, half goods," and in connection with his father-inlaw, Jeremiah Mansur, and brother-in-law, William Mansur, packed them, in an old frame building that had once been the blacksmith shop of James Van Blaricum, on the northeast corner of Maryland and Meridian streets, the "Opera House" site. They continued in this fashion of business quite successfully till 1847, when, the completion of the Madison railroad opening new facilities for shipping their product, they concluded to enlarge, and, to speak appropriately, "go the whole hog," killing as well as packing. They built a packing house on the west side of the Madison depot, and a slaughter house at the west end of the National road bridge, and hauled the dead hogs from one to the other. Mr. Isaiah Mansur joined them in that year, and continued till 18545, when William and Isaiah joined together, and Mr. J. C. Ferguson and Frank Mansur joined Jeremiah, (Mr. Wright had disce some time before), and formed two establishments. HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. 310 cr; C=) 0 Pii _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~eIi lii___ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ____ 1~ t~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I__U <>\\~~ \~1>~~~ j~ ~U)aco U~ ~%~ &a 0 A 0 la 10 I d ad I" w d 10 4 w 4) A 0 6" d 0 0 4) 60 d m ng 44 :t VA 0 i ri Ca A 0 m (D t 0 Ca t 1;4 Cd 0 0 d r4 a) 0 i (1) A C) 0 4 1 Id 0 C3 m 0 ,.,4 C3 A Q A 0 (1) 0 t4 0 0 d I P., w m 'a1. $0 li 4 .2 T bD 1. m d 4 i t', 4 9 ;o q 0 0 t q I N 4 4 1 A 4 4 'IO z In z 94 P4 H P. P4 ;4 P4 E-4 0 E-4 P4 u p 9 x 14 E-i ;4 E-4 m z 0 u P4 A -4 PA 0 i p (A 0 A A B 0 A x x m 9 0 In E-i z pp 0 -4 z -4 z m ;A A E-1 co ;A ;4 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLI,. In 1847 Benjamin I. Blythe and Edwin Hedderly built the house north of the bridge, on the Fall Creek race, and killed and packed for some years. Elisha McNeeley and Mr. McTaggart were concerned with them a part of the time. Mr. Hedderly carried on the manufacture of lard oil here in the latter part of his occupation of the premises. In 1854 W. & I. Mansur bought this house, and went on successfully till they quit business in 1861. They had a severe fire in their smoke house in 1858, in which a great deal of meat was lost. Wheat, Fletcher & Coffin have this house now. In 1852-3, Macy & McTaggart established a house on the river near the Terre Haute railroad bridge. It was torn down some years ago. Tweed & Gulick began, in 1854-5, in a house just north of the last; were succeeded in a short time by Messrs. Patterson, who built a brick to pack beeves; and they were succeeded by the present superb structure and business of J. C. Ferguson & Co. Col. Allen May began killing and packing in 1855, in a large building which he erected on the west side of the river, near the Crawfordsville ford. He soon failed, and his house was burned in 1858. In 1864, Messrs. Kingan-as related in the general history -built their house, then, and probably still, the largest single building of the kind in the country. It was totally destroyed by fire in the spring of 1865, with a loss of $240,000. It was re-built promptly, two attic stories lower than before, but still a large and impressive structure. The pork packed by Wright and the Mansurs, till 1848, was shipped on fiat boats to New Orleans. For some years this now-forgotten mode of transportation was no trifling item of the city's commerce. The boats were built here and at Broad Ripple, and sent down the river in the spring freshets, or whenever there was a rise in the river. They were forty or fifty feet long, ten or fifteen wide, and six or seven deep, and would carry a pretty good tonnage. They were covered in their whole length, except sometimes a little section at one end where the "cabin" was. They were steered by a huge oar at each end, and helped along by another on each side. Arrived at their destination, they were sold for lumber, sometimes very advantageously. The great peril of their navigation was a dam, and about one in every four would "break its back," or be ruined in some other way, at the Waverly dam. A pilot was valuable till the Ohio river was reached; and "Old Beth (Bartholomew) Bridges," as he was called, was much in request fpr this service. Besides pork, baled hay was was sometimes shipped in boats; and one year Wm. H. Jones (of Coburn & Jones) and Cadwallader Ramsey sent a cargo of chickens to New Orleans. The hay was pressed in two or three places in the city, chiefly in a press north west of the State House, owned, if the writer is not mistaken, by Dr. G. W. Mears. Somewhere about 1838 or 1840, Nicholas McCarty, Sr., began the manufacture of hemp, growing most of the stock himself, on the "Bayou farm." The "rotting vats" were excavated between the canal and the creek, some little distance below the present line of Ray street. The remains of them are still visible conspicuous even —to the stroller in that vicinity. A little frame mill for breaking and hackling the rotted hemp was built at the bluff near the creek, and the "race" of it can still be seen. The enterprise was not profitable enough to justify a long continuance, and it was abandoned after a few years. A dense wood at this time covered that portion of the city, except a small clearing about and below the hemp works, and a break in the canal, near Ray street, poured a considerable stream into the western part of this woods for a long time, making a regular swamp and lake of it,. and covering a long line of the creek bluf with little cascades 312 STEWART & MORGAN, Druggists, AND DEALERS IN FRENCH AND ENGLISH PLATE GLASS, PITTS3BURG'WINDOW GLASS, -A N D D RI UG G IS T S' GLASSWARIE, No. 40 East Washington Street, I_ANAPOLIS$ R osaPR iN. - IND 1 NA The first mills, as noticed in the general history, were those of Linton, for sawing, on Fall creek, near the City Hospital, and of Isaac Wilson, for grinding, on Fall creek bayou, northwest of the old Military Ground. Yandes & Wilson, in 1823, built a second grist mill on the river bayou. These seem to have sufficed till the old steam mill was erected and put in operation, in 1832. After that the Patterson mill, formerly Wilson's, on Fall creek bayou, seems to have done most of the grinding for home use, and no attempt was made at any other work till the canal was opened, or later. Then Nathaniel West built his mill at Cotton Town, and later, John Carlisle built his, on the canal race, near Washington street. This was burned in 1856, but immediately rebuilt. Robert Underhill built another, in 1851, on the bluff of the "'glade" or prairie, south of the donation, at the "wooden locks," and ran it by water from the canal. It is still in operation, though considerably dilapidated. In 1848, Morris Morris and his sons built a steam mill on Meridian street, at the Union Depot, on the site of Fitzgibbon's building, which was entirely destroyed by fire in 1851. Of the mills now in operation more is said in another place. In 1838, William Sheets established the first paper mill here, on the canal at the Market street crossing, and conducted it with great success for many years. It is now abandoned. Its successors are elsewhere noticed. Besides the manufactory of ginseng and hemp, which were among the earliest enterprises that have never been renewed, there was another that flourished for a time, and disappeared permanently. That was plane making. This was carried on by Messrs. Young & Pottage, in what is now Hubbard's Block, in connection with their hardware store, but the work was done by Mr. John J. Nash. This was about the year 1837. Pottery establishments were earlyput in operation here. One by Geo. Myers, on the corner of Maryland and Tennessee streets; another on the corner between Kentucky avenue and Illinois street, by Robert Brenton, which was displaced by the old State Bank; and a third was maintained for a long time on the corner of Washington and New Jersey streets, in the deep cut of the ravine. The early tanneries were those of Yandes & Wilkins, on Alabama street, just where Maryland ran into it, but did not cross,-the old bark mill and building of this tannery were long visible near the site of the present Station House,-and that of some one whom the writer cannot now recall, on Pennsylvania street, on the site of Haugh's iron railing factory. The first soap factory was built about the year 1838 or'40, on the canal, near McCarty street. Mr. Protzman, the leader of the old City Band, conducted it awhile. David Main and a Mr. Spears, two Scotchmen, did the first regular stone cutting here, on the site of Blake's block. about the year 1835. They were succeeded by Peter Francis, on the west corner of Kentucky avenue and Maryland street. Christopher Kellum was the first saddler, coming here in 1823. Jas. Sulgrove, his apprentice, succeeded him, followed later by Isaac Roll, Wm. Eckert, and J. J Pugh. George Norwood was the first wagon-maker, 1822. His shop was on Illinois street, on the site of the Exchange building. Arnold Lashley did wagon and carriage work on Pennsylvania street, on the site of the Post Office, till 1836, when he killed Collins, and had to leave. Mr. Fultz then took it, and soon after Hiram and Edward Gaston established themselves here in carriage making exclusively. Amos Hanway was the first cooper, 1821; Wilkes Reagan, the first butcher, 1821; John Shunk, the first hatter, 1826; Andrew Byrne, the first tailor, 1820; Matthias Nowland, the first brick-layer, 1820; his widow Elizabeth, the first board HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. 314 Al I~;tC _______________________________________________ \\\ \\ I I 7rt -n,.,,-tt~~<~fl = TNL A,P0 i "TRADE PALIACE." N. R. SMITH & Co., Importers and Dealers in every description of Dry Goods adapted to the Wants of all Classes. Keep a Resident buyer in New York. Buy exclusively for Cash. Keep a Choice Fresh Stock at all times. On our second floor we keep a large stock of Shawls, Cloaks and Suits, and Manufacture to order Cloaks, Suits and Dresses; Also, Ladies' Underwear and Misses and Children's Dresses. Special attention given to Bridal Outfits. We also keep a large and attractive stock of Millinery and Straw Goods, Flowers and Feathers. All our Work Warranted, and our Prices in all cases will be as low as at any other House. We invite you to our Store, feeling fully convinced that you will patronize us. N. R. SMITH & CO., PROPRIETORS OF THE Onr-Pic idaake, Sytematic Trade Paace, 26 AND 28 WEST WASHINGTON STREET, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ing house keeper, 1823; James B. Hall, the first carpenter, 1820; Isaac Lynch, the first shoemaker, 1821; William Holmes, the first tinner, 1822; Conrad Brussel, the first baker, 1820; Milo R. Davis, the first plasterer, 1820; Caleb Scudder, the first cabinet maker, 1821; Henry and Samuel Davis, the first chair makers, 1820; Isaac Wilson, the first miller, 1820; George Pogue, the first blacksmith, 1819 or'20-soon followed by James Van Blaricum; James Linton, the first mill wright, 1821; Na thaniel Bolton, the first printer, 1821; George Smith, the first b6ok binder, 1821; Daniel Yandes, the first tanner, 1821; John Ambrozene, the first clock and watch maker, 1825; William P. Murphy, the first dentist, 1829; John Smither, the first gun smith, (the writer thinks,) but Samuel Beck was early in the work, 1833, and keeps at it; David Mallory, a mulatto, the first barber, 1821; Samuel S. Rooker, the first house and sign painter, 1821. The most important industry has been deferred to this point, as its consideration leads directly to the manufacturing facilities of the city -the manufacture of iron. As early as 1832, R. A. McPherson & Co. established a foundry on the west side of the river, near the end of the present National Road bridge, and maintained it for some years. In 1835 Robert Underhill and John Wood established another on Pennsylvania street, just north of University Square, and kept up the casting, at irregular intervals, of small hollow ware, plough points, mill castings, and the like, for twenty years, when Mr. Underhill built a large house on Pennsylvania street, near the creek, and started into a business on a scale commensurate with the growth of the city; but he failed, and his building was first used as a hominy mill, and then burned. A foundry was built north west of the State House, in 1837 or'38, but was never used, except as a theatre. From this time the iron manufacture ceases to belong to the early history of the city, and must concern itself either with existing establishments, or their immediate predecessors. The iron interest, as above remarked, is now the most important in the city, and bids fair to increase in importance, not only with the growth of the city, but far in advance even of that rapid development. The facilities for this manufacture here, are unsurpassed; and a brief statement of these, and the manufacturing prospects of the city, is appended. THE PROSPECTS OF THE CITY. It is not placed beyond the reach of mortals to prophesy in probabilities. By combining facts, we may draw conclusions that will approach the value of prophecies in proportion to the range of facts and the correctness of the deductions from them. In this fashion of vaticination, let us see what the future promises for Indianapolis. She started a feeble inland village, planted in the midst of a wilderness and surrounded by swamps. She had no roads and no navigable water courses. She was cut off from all the means by which prosperity is attained or commerce established. She had no advantages of situation or of natural resources. Yet she has grown to be probably the largest entirely inland city in the Union. She had a population, by the last complete census, of 51,200, with a development of trade and manufactures so great and so deeply rooted, that it is inconceivable that it should not grow at least as rapidly as it has grown. The means by which this result has been effected are as fully within her command now as ever. Her central position in the State, or rather in the North-West, brought to her from all directions the new lines of communication opened by the locomotive, and in these she As found the advantages by the energetic and sagacioas improvement of which 316 HOLLOWAY'S INDTANAPOLIS. CHARLES K(E'lRNE LI. 3~ 80 Co., :HIIS31 & ao~, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Rosevwood, Gilt, and Walnut MouldingsI ARTISTS' AND WAX MATERIALS, ALBUMS, STEREOSCOPES & VIEWS, ART ]!XPOBIUH, No. 60 East Washington Street, One Door East of Odd Fellows' HaIl. INDIANAPOLIS, IND, M Send for Catalogues and Price Lists. D. B]OOT & CO., Manufacturers of STOVES, HOLLOWARE & CASTINGS, And Wholesale Dealers in nT a in Plate T'inners Stock, Tools and Machines, IRON FRONTS, VERANDAHS, WINDOW CAPS, OASI-LAP POSTS, WROUGHT and CAST-IRON STEAM and WATR O W GRATINGS, PIPES, 6O East WashingtoS INDIANAPOLIS. HIER}inAN LIEBEP. S1UGAR MILLS, DRAG SAWS, HORSE-POWERS, and MAY'S FIRE-PROOFING, Sitreet, HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. she has attained her position. These are the work of man's intelligence and energy, and are, therefore, in no way dependent on the accidents or changes of nature. They are as easily kept as got, and more, for as population attracts population and business attracts business, the concentration of railways attracts or compels the addition of railways, when new outlets to markets are needed. She will, therefore, in all probability, continue to grow from the roots already sent out, as she has grown in sending them out. But to this probability must be added others of even greater promise. No city in the West, or even in the world, offers such opportunities for illimitable and easy expansion. There is not a foot of ground within ten miles, in any direction, that cannot easily be built upon and added to her area. Cheap lots are therefore possible for more years and growth than would suffice to make her as big as London. There is no cramping of hills, or streams, or unhealthy localities, to huddle up settlements in any quarter and raise real estate to figures inaccessible to poor men. Her health is not surpassed by that of any city in the country, or any country. There is nothing in that direction to offset the advantages offered by a flourishing towns with an inexhaustible area of cheap building lots. Her schools are equal to any in the country, East or West, and have been suppported with unfailing liberality and unanimity. Her public improvements are in good part completed, or advancing to completion, so that the heaviest expenses of fitting her for comfortable and profitable residences have been incurred, and-will not need to be renewed. Thus she offers the four best inducements to the emigrant-cheap residence, ample means of education, light taxes and assured health. Without these, her unequaled railroad advantages might have left, might still leave, her merely a flourishing town, but not a large commercial and manufacturing center. But to all the advantages enumerated there must added another equal to either, if not to all together. This is the city's vicinity to the best coal field in the world for all classes of manufactures. Fuel is the prime necessity of manufacturing in these days, and is likely to remain so until electricity or Eric'.on's concentrated sunlight replaces it. Raw material goes to power to be worke. p The philosophy of this movement need not be considered here. It is enough, 1i tnis connection, to state the fact. Power exists here in such abundance as all the developments of England cannot equal. Within two or three hours run of us lies a coal field of nearly eight thousand square miles. We enter it by four, and soon will by five, aifferent lines of railway, making a monopoly, and consequently a heavy cost of transportation, impossible. The dip of the strata is to the west, thus turning up the outcrop in the direction nearest to us, and making that part which is most easily mined also the most easily reached. The seams, in many cases, are mined by drifting in from hill sides, sometimes by shallow shafts, sometimes by merely stripping off a few feet of the surface soil. The ground above is all capable of cultivation and can support all the men, and more, necessary to work them. Mining therefore, can be carried on at the lowest possible cost. But more than. his, the character of the coal itself increases the facility and consequent cheapness of mining. It is soft and easily broken; its laminations are easily separated; it breaks easily across the line of stratification-in fact, is seamed with lines of breakage crossing those of cleavage. It can thus be knocked out of the seam in large, square masses, or chunks, as one might knock bricks out of a dry piled wall. This again assures easy mining. It is almost entirely free from the dangerous gases that produce such fearful calamities in deeper mines of different coal. It is not saying too 318 __ ______ I __......_J_ ___________ I II ANAI' lLS I \, D POLS S. ( J ND IANAPO LlS. THE SINGER, THE STANDARD SEWING- MACHINE OF THlE WORLD, O'V'-: 550,000 Is'' -TS: Over 200,000 Maehines are now being sold annually. T la hM. Is the only Company in the world that manufactures Machines for all kinds of work. Every Family Should Have a Singer Sewing Machine. C xQ 4.4 r,)~~~~~'~ ~'\ 0 ~~ ~~~~~~'A Sold for cash, good promissory notes, or on monthly payments to suit the circumstances of the rich and poor alike. The same qualities which render sour new ]Hachine so admirable and efiicient for use in the:fam ily also commend it as indispensable for every grade of light manufacturing. For Shoe and Gaiter Fitters, Seamstresses, Tailors, Manufacturers of Shirt Collars, Shirts, Cloaks, Mantles, Clothinag, Hats, Caps, Corsets, Linen and Silk Goods, Umbrellas, Parasols, etc., it is without rival. In addition to the Family Machines, our machines for the use of manufacturers of all kinds are indisputably superior to all others. Having machines expressly for Carriage Trimmers, Saddlers, Shoemakers, Tailors, etc., etc. JOSSELYN, BROS. & CO., NO. 74 WEST WASHINGTON STREET, (In Bates House Block,) INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Ex:clusive dealers in the above machines for the States of Michigan and Indiana, Ontario, Canada, Northwestern Ohio and Southern Illinois. We have good openings for good, reliable and ener. getic men. I. B.-All machines needing repairs or adjusiment should be seat to the Indianapolis Office. HOLLOWA'S INDIANAPOLIS. much to say that no coal has yet been found anywhere in the world so easily acces sible, so cheaply mined, or so free from danger to the miner. These facts alone are enough to assure our city all the advantages that belong to the possession of inex haustible fuel and illimitable mechanical power. But there are other facts besides these that "make assurance doubly suret' This coal, called "Block Coal"-from the peculiarity above alluded to of breaking into blocks-is really a sort of mineral charcoal. It contains no sulphur, or so little that no analysis has been able to detect more than a trace of it. It contains enough naptha to kindle almost instantaneously, and it burns without caking, or melting and running together, as most bituminous coals do. These two quali tiee-freedom from sulphur and burning without caking-every man accustomed to using coal for steam, or for smelting or working iron, will understand at once to make the Indiana "block coal" unequaled for all manufacturing purposes. For iron it is unapproachable, being but little different from charcoal. In fact, much of it is charcoal, as any one can see by breaking a lump. The whole surface will be found mottled by alternates lines of bright and dull black, and the latter are laminations of mere mineral charcoal. It will rub off on the fingers or clothes like charcoal, and it can be scraped up in little heaps of charcoal dust. The brighter laminations are a sort of cannel coal. The whole mass, instead of the glossy, polished look of Pittsburg coal, is dull and dacrk, rather than black, with frequent splotches of greyish hue, like an underground rust, upon it. It is, in all respects, different from the ordinary bituminous coal, which has to be coked before it can be used to smelt or work iron. To its singular adaptation to iron manufacture, is due the enormous development of that interest in the city within the past ten years. The field is calculated, from the facts so far ascertained, to contain over twenty thousand millions of tons of this "block" coal. This is more than will be worked up by all the population that can be collected on'the vast plain about Indianapolis in five hundred years. Besides the "block," the field contains many seams of the ordinary coal, though varying less from the other than does the Eastern kind. There is every variety for all kinds of work, and all can be obtained with equal ease and cheapness. The whole field is calculated to contain sixty-five thousand millions of tons, much of it close to the surface, none of it so deep as to need the costly shafting and machinery of the English or Eastern mines. In the possession of this amount of fuel, Indianapolis offers to the manufacturer, and especially to the iron manufacturer, these advantages: lst. The best coal that has yet been found in the world, to make or work iron, and as good as any-better than most-for making steam. 2nd. Cheap coal, made cheap by ease of mining, freedom from danger, facilities for approach in mining, and by the capability of the covering country to support the miners. 3d. Cheap transportation of coal from the mines to the city, assured by the actual operation of four lines of railway penetrating the field in four directions, with the certain addition of a fifth, already on the way to completion. Added to these is the probability of a cheap narrotw gauge line, which the recent development as to the value of that mode of transportation have suggested to men not likely to abandon it. The competition ef these lines makes high prices impossible. These are the Indianapolis, Bloomington and Western; the Indianapolis and St. Louis; 320 BENHAM BRO'S, o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ip~~~~~~~~~~~~~ IMPORTERS, AND Wholesale and Retail Dealers in the best SHEET MUSIC, UITARS, IANSJOS, 1 lUslIc BOOKS, VIOLINS, A STRINGS,,&c. BAND INSTRUMENTS, And RlII kri~md.5 of -Musio.-qz ~n4Xe~ PUBLISHERS OF A 24-page MONTHLY JOURNAL; each number containing eight to ten pages of Choice Reading, and over One Dollars worth of New Music, aampJe copies, oontaining $2.00oo worth of Music, sent to any address on receipt of Ten Cents.. FOR ANY ARTICLE IN THE IUSIC TRADE, CALL ON. OR ADDRESS BENHAM BROS., 36 East Washingn.u St., INDIANAPOLIS. (,;) 322 HOLLOWA RY'S INDIANAPOLIS. the Indianapolis and Terre Haute; the Indiana and Illinois Central, (in progress), and the Indianapolis and Vincennes. 4th. Choice of coal. Standing at the junction of five or six lines of coal transportation, each bringing a different variety or different grade, the manufacturer at Indianapolis can choose that which suits him best, at a price regulated by strong and steady competition, Right in the coal field, he would have to take what wes near him, or obtain better at a cost that would make profit impossible. Iron men know well the necessity of adapting coal to ore, and the uncertainty there is of finding one kind yielding an equal product with another. The city is, therefore, a better point for smelting, as well as puddling, rolling, casting, or any other process of iron manufacture, than any other point in the State. 5th. The" numerous railway lines centering lere, afford all possible facilities for obtaining necessary raw material, or shipping completed products. We have twelve lines entering the city, and will soon have thirteen. There are only about eight counties in the State that are not in direct railway connection with us, that is, that cannot send a passenger from there here all the way by rail. This can hardly be said of another State in the Union, except some of the New England States. There are only these eight from which a merchant may not come here, do business, and return in the same day, with suitable arrangement of connections -and trains. This places every dealer in the State at the doors of our manufacturers, virtually. - 6th. Besides these advantages, offered to the iron manufacturer especially, the advantages of cheap fuel and unequalled transportation are offered to every class of manufacture. To wood workers, we can show hardly less capabilities of profitable labor, than to iron men. We are in the centre of the "hard wood" region of the North-West; and no State in the Union possesses so much of the now valuable 'black walnut, as this. Eastern manufacturers have come here to obtain the benefit of this abundance. Their branch establishments have become quite a feature of business, within two years past; and it is a feature that must become more and more prominent as these valuable woods become more valuable. 7th. We offer plenty and cheap building stone, brick, and other building ma terials. Now, seeing what Indianapolis has grown to, by means still as fully at her command as ever, and enlarged by many additional developments, what may we fairly conclude her prospects to be? More and more rapid growth - wider reach of trade — greater accumulations of individual wealth by individual energy and industry- a greater sweep of influence - a higher place in the commerce and productive industry of the nation. Since 1860, her population has grown from 18,000 to -over 50,000; her aggregate of taxable property from $10,000,000 to over $30,000,000. If there is any dependence to be placed in the prophecy of indications, fairly interpreted, she is likely to grow in 1880 to 100,000 inhabitants, with a total of taxables of $l00,00C,000. This is large guessing, but it is not larger than the developments of the last ten years will make safe guessing, as well. RAILROADS. The railroad fever was taken early in Indiana, but its energy was expended idly because applied prematurely If the lines at irst proposed could have been built they would have languished, and possibly have died, before the development of the eoitntry could have supplied them with proltable businees. It is true that thery would have contributed largely to tat development, and to the creation of the - ~** Z), oole~ 1ni an~aties M4AK E CA,SSIMERES, O.-O ~ ~ ~'e.6 Ms kI t, ]BLANKETS,, YARN'S, &c.$ &o~s For tlri Wholesale an ZBetail Traae. ,O:F-vllc &IT a?:m~Q~ West -Fnd of Washington Str~t. vv kiki IN -U' .9 ,Woat E 9)4 of W -m iL Street.. -r-u-dlLan-,gpoll -. HOLLOWAr'S INDRANAPOLIS sources of their support, but all they could have done, added to all that would have been done any how, would hardly have saved them from inanition for the first few years. In 1830, as noticed in the general history of the city, six railway lines were projected from various points on the borders of the State, mainly on the southern border, all centering at Indianapolis. These were the Lawrenceburgh and Indianapolis, Madison and Indianapolis, New Albany, Salem and Indianapolis, Harrisor and Indianapolis, Lafayette and Indianapolis, and the Ohio and Indianapolis. They were chartered in February, 1831. Surveys were made on some of them, and with some little or nothing was done. Grading was attempted in spots on the Lawrenceburgh line, and years afterwards the remains of embankments were to be seen near Shelbyville. They may be visible yet. The Madison was surveyed and started, and a rechartering of some of the others in 1835 indicated a continued purpose to prosecute them. But in 1836 the' Internal Improvement System" superseded private effort, and all were abandoned but those taken in hand by the State. The chief, in effect the only one, of these was the Madison road, with a brief notice of which may be introduced a sketch of our railway system. Before entering upon this, however, it is due to Ex-Governor Ray to allude to his project of a railway system which was ridiculed in his day as the dream of a disordered intellect. In fact, the old Governor was not as sound in mind as he had been, but the system into which the separate railway enterprises have combined runs so closely parallel with his that his dream would have been voted a prophecy some centuries ago. He proposed a series of lines to all points of the compass;. and we have it a village every ten miles-and we have pretty nearly that; a town every twentyand we can come very close to that; and cities at a certain other distance (the writer does not remember what) which, whatever it may have been, has been practically realized. These radiating lines were all to have a common central depot-and we have that, and the only city in the world that has. It may detract from the good old Governor's powers as a prophet, but it will add to his repute as a shrewd speculator, that he wanted that central depot on his property opposite the Court House, which, he contended, was the only proper place for it. MADISON ROAD. The Madison road, began as above stated, was taken by the State in 1836, and carried through the' deep diggings" at the Madison hills in which was sunk enough money to have brought it nearly to the Capital, and completed with a flat bar to Vernon in 1841, at a cost of $1,900,000. There it stopped till after the echoes of the great financial crash had died away. It was leased to Branhain & Co. in 1839 for sixty per cent. of its receipts, the State furnishing engines and making repairs. In 1842 it was sold to the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad Company, and completed to Indianapolis October 1st, 1847. Nathan B. Palmer, Samuel Merrill, John Brough, E. W. H. Ellis, and F. O. J. Smith were Presidents till the absorption of the road by the later born and stronger Jeffersonville road. In 1854 it was consolidated and "ran" with the Peru road. In March, 1862, it was sold by the United States Marshal for $325,000, taken by a newly organized company, and sold shortly after to the Jeffersonville Company. It was, at first, the best paying road in the contry, as may be earily conceived, when it is remembered that it was the only outlet and inlet to the whole center of the State. Its stock sold in 1852 for $1.60. But it ran wild in a sort of intoxication of prosp'erity and wasted money in every way. A new and round-about extension to tvoid the "c t " at. Madison wa un 324 I l —). CD CD~ 0 ~b * o (;U C ': lcn C - ~~~~~~~~ 4 w (O - -MI 00 "W-1 9 A) 0 1 e, 10 0 (D IrItn ol It HOLLOWAYS INDIANAPO@.i. dertaken, prosecuted at an enormous expense, and abandoned. Branch lines were made or projected. Nothing was checked for fear of the cost. But rival lines followed it, and they, co- operating with its extravagant management, sunk it till the stock sold in 1856 for 21 cents on the dollar. The State never got anything worth naming for all she expended on this pioneer line of railway. It is eighty-six miles long, passing through five counties, most of them rich in stock, corn lands and timber, some in stone, and each containing a flourishing center of local business, Franklin, Edinburgh (in the same county) Columbus, Vernon and Madison. Since its absorption the lower end, from Columbus, has become a mere local road, the main line running to Jeffersonville. Lime and building stone of excellent quality constitute one of the most important contributions of this old line to the business of the city. Buhr mill stone is also found in Jennings county, but it is hard to, say what the value of the trade in it may be, or may be made. JEFERZSNVILLE ReAD. The Jeffersonville rad, which by its connection with the Madison may be more properly noticed here than elsewhere, was one of those that helped to break up the monopoly of the Madison, and open to the city an improvable connection with the south. It was begun in 1848, one among the earliest, and completed to Edtnburgh, 78 miles, in 1852. In August, 1853, a lease of the Madison road, with its appurtenances, was obtained, and in 1863 the whole concern was bought and amalgamated with the Jeffersonville. The latter was run over the Madison to Columbus, and thence on a separate line to the Falls of the Ohio, one hundred andc ten miles from Indianapolis, traversing from Columbus four counties, and connecting with the Ohio and Mississippi road at Seymour. Until the completion of the gigantic bridge at the Falls, this line could make no very advantageous connection with southern lines, the transhipment of freights involving serious cost and considerable delay, but now the Ohio river interposes no obstacle, and Indianapolis can make as complete and safe and cheap connection with Louisville as with Cincinnati. Dillard Ricketts has long been President of this road, but Mr. John Zulauf preceded him. A controlling interest in it, and its interest in the bridge over the Ohio, have recently been purchased by the Pennsylvania Central Railroad. BELLEF(6TAINE ROAD. The Bellefontaine road was projected in 1847-'48, by Hlona. Oliver H. Smith, to whom it owes its existence nearly as wholly as if he had built it with his own money. It was chartered in 1848, and by Mr. Smith's energetic endeavors, in pushing on the solicitation of stock subscriptions, and making speeches along the line showing its undeniable but unappreciated advantages in a lake and eastern connection, it was put under way within a year, and in the winter of the next year, 185(, cars were running to Pendleton, 28 miles. In the winter of 1852 it was completed its full length, 84 miles, to Union City on the State line, where it connected with a line simultaneously carried on to Bellefontaine, in Ohio. A few years later it was given a connection at the same point with Dayton, thnough Greenville. A depot and other buildings were erected here, in what was then the extreme northeastern suburb of the city, but they were found to be too far away, and in 1853 others were built on the creek at Virginia Avenue. The old ones, with a large section of track, were sold in 1853 to Mr. Farnsworth, and occupied by him and Mr. J. Barnard as a car factory for about six years. New freight and car houses were built in 1864 in the eastern part of the city. In 1859 it was consolidated with the 326 J. R. HAUGH. HAIJXG-3 A Co.n MANUFACTURERS OF ark Ca-u. — Yuse IF/rak, B. F. HAUGH'S CELEBRATED JAIL DOORS AND FASTENINGS, BUSINESS HOUSE FRONTS, WROUGHT AND CAST IRON RAILING, Ja1s, ~erandlas, Bank Vaults, Iron IDoors, SHUTT]HS, HOLTS, STAIHS AND IHON FRONTS, All Kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work, ZPLIl~TC ANXD Oi=L:TAEENTAL. 300 SABMPLES OF Iron Fences, Balustradin[, and Verandass ON HAND TO SELECT FROM, BEING THE LARGEST AND BESTASSORTMENT IN THE WEST. We feel confident that all parties contemplating build ing Jails, will do well to consult us. 68, 72, 74, 76, 78 and 80 South Pennsylvania St., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. T. H. BUTLER. B. F. HAUGH. HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. Ohio line, and in 1868 with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati line, and the old name, with Indianapolis added, is its present name, but it goes usually by the name of the "Bee line." The Indiana end of it passes through four counties well populated and agriculturally rich, and connects with other roads at Anderson and Muncie as well as at Union. Its eastern connections give it an immense business though for a time it languished greatly and its stock run low. Besides Mr. Smith it has had John Brough, Alfred Harrison and Calvin Fletcher for Presidents, and since its consolidation it has been largely controlled by the Ohio and Eastern interest. TERRE HAUTE ROAD. The TerreHaute and Richmond road was originally, as the name imports, projected to run from one side of the State to the other, but it was deemed too heavy a contract, and only the western end was proceeded with by the original organization. It was chartered in 1846, with a provision which the State has never availed itself of, allowing the Legislature, after the dividends have fully returned the original investment, to regulate ahe tolls and freights and to take for the school fund all dividends above fifteen per cent. It was surveyed and the contracts let in 1849. Work began in 1850, and was completed in May, 1852, at a cost, including the mortgages, of $1,154,000. The freight depot, the largest in the city, was built-in 1850-51, in anticipation of the completion of the road, and for a time was used as the passenger depot too. It was thus used by several roads as late as 185, till the Union depot was completed. It was enlarged in 1857, and was considerably damaged in 1865 by the explosion of a locomotive in it. Chauncey Rose was the first President, and is yet the principal owner. Edwin J. Peck and W. R. McKeen have been Presidents. It is now called the Terre Haute and Indianapolis road, and connects at Terre Haute with a new line to St. Louis through Vandalia. It passes through four counties, the eastern rich in agricultural, the others in mineral, wealth. It is seventy. four miles long. The coal trade has hitherto been carried on over it exclusively, and its general freight and passenger business has been probably equalled by no other in the city. It connects at Greencastle with the Louisville, New Albany and Chicago road. Its first President, Mr. Rose, with Mr. Smith of the Bellefontaine, and Mr. Peck and General Morris, devised and carried through the great project of a Union track and depot. CINCINNATI ROAD. A railway connection with Cincinnati was early seen to be important, and one of the first railroads projected in 1830-31 was one to effect this object. It was frequently renewed afterwards, but its direct conflict with the interests of the Madison road made that then powerful corporation a determined enemry, and no fair charter could be obtained. It was not until 1850 that it was begun in a disjointed way, in a series of sectional roads, which the Madison thought would create a less dangerous rivalry by their lack of consolidated organization. It was finished to Lawrenceburgh, 90 miles, in 1853, and the following spring, the Ohio and Mississippi road having been finished, an accommodation rail was laid upon its track for our road, then changed to the "Indianapolis and Cincinnati" from the "Lawrenceburgh and Upper Mississippi," and a continuous line made to Cincinnati. In 1855, the abandoned White Water Canal having been bought, a track was laid in the bed of that for the road. A branch road was built through the White Water Valley 328 CHARLES SOEHNER'S ftAS W~f\'$ No. 36 East Washington Street, (With B3enham Bro's) IlIDIAIATPO IS, IIT.DIT&A, Dealer in the Unrivalled STI OS GC:A.:D, SQ,JIt] AlVD = TJ%IGI-T ' THlE BEST IN'THE WORLD."' This is the judgment of the best Musical authorities of the Old and New World, and was also the favorite expression used by other dealers in this city when they had, and until they lost, the agency for the STEINWAY PIANO; also, the JUBTLY GELEBBATED EMADE4 One of the best First Class Pianos, with an established reputation, and T'HE UINUST GABLUR The latter being the best Medium Priced Piano now manufactured. Prices from $325 upwards. EVERY NEW PIANO SOLD WARRANTED FOR FIVE YEARS All these manufacturers, having a long-established reputation, and having immense capital at their command, are founded on a solid basis, and are not liable to change of firm every few years, as some are; therefore, their guarantees may be relied upon by purchasers as being perfectly good and safe. Charles Soehner has been in the Piano trade in this State and Ohio for twenty years, and is responsible for all contracts he may make. He is a thorough and practical musician, and does not sell on commission, but keeps constantly on hand the largest and best stock in the State, all of which are bought for cash, which enables him to sell at the very lowest rates, and on reasonable terms. He keeps a regular Piano House, and does not peddle his instruments over the country. He sells them either at his room, or by illustrated catalogue, or through correspondence, or by visiting the parties. By this, he saves to the buyers the profit paid to traveling agents, Second-hand Pianos for sale or rent. Tuning and Repairing done by a first-class workman. Please call on or address CHARLE S SOEHNER, No. 36 East Washington St., INDIANAPOLIS, IID. o HOLLOWA Y'S INDIL4NAPOLIS. some ten years ago, and another from Fairland to Martinsville. In 1866 it was consolidated with the Lafayette road, and in 1868 obtained the control, by lease, of the Vincennes road. This last arrangement has since been broken up. The shops of the road were first built here, burned in 1855, and rebuilt, and then removed to Cincinnati. For some time past the company has been greatly embarrassed. Its affairs have been placed in the hands of a receiver, and quite recently an attempt has been made to force it into bankruptcy. George H. Dunn was the first President, but H. C. Lord is best known in connection with that position. It passes through five counties, and is 115 miles long. Valuable quarries of building stone, largely used in Indianapolis, as well as a very productive agricultural country lie on this line. LAFAYETTE ROAD. The Indianapolis and Lafayette road was begun in 1849 under the Presidency of Albert S. White, and finished in the winter of 1852. It is 65 miles long, cost $1,000,000, and passes through four counties of great agricultural wealth, and was for a long time immensely valuable as the connecting link between the southern roads and Chicago. In 1866 it was consolidated with the Cincinnati road, to make a connection for Cincinnati with Chicago, and the consolidation in attempting too much broke down. Its freight depot was built in 1853, in the north-west corner of the city, near the canal, burned in 1864, rebuilt in 1865, and has been measurably abandoned since 1866, the consolidation having little use for it. Besides Mr. White, W. F. Reynolds, of Lafayette, was President of the separate road for several years. CENTRAL ROAD. The Indiana Central road was organized in 1851 and contracts made in the fall of that year. It was completed to the State line, 72 miles, in December, 1853, at a cost of $1,223,000. It was consolidated with the Ohio end of the line in 1863, and called the Indianapolis and Columbus road. In 1867 the road was consolidated with the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis line. It does a large business as a through line, and a good deal in the local way, traversing four of the best, and best cultivated, counties of the State. Samuel Hannah was the first President, succeeded by John S. Newman, the most efficient contributor to its construction. PERU ROAD. The Peru and Indianapolis road was chartered in 1846, and a company organized the year following. Work was begun in 1849 and the road completed with a fiat bar to Noblesville, 21 miles, in the spring of 1851. It was finished to Peru in 1854, 73 miles, at a cost of $700,000. In a few months after its completion it was consolidated with the Madison road, but it was found to be a rather premature enterprise, as it had no through connection to the north, and the local trade was inadequate to make a paying route. It was disposed of for the benefit of the bondholders in 1857, and has since been worked for them, and having gained through connections is proving a good line. The fiat rail was replaced with the T within a year after its completion to Peru. It traverses four counties which are now fast improving, but a portion lying in the old Miami Reserve was long in being brought up to the average level of other counties. It has had a number of Presidents, of whom Wm. J. Holman was the first. Dr. E. W. H. Ellis, John D. Defrees, John Burke and David Macy have also been Presidents. 330 IXUILWAPG~LI 011 ait PAXIVI ROUI%RE FRANK A. BOYD, Prbducer and Manufacturers' Agent, Axle Grease, Leads, Mineral Paints & Yarnishes, 22 SOUTH MERIDIAN STREET, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Agent for Gold's Patent Self-Measuring Oil Can. WATCHES AND JEWELRY. CRA.FT & CTTTER, No. 24 East Washington Street, WHOLESALE AND R]TAL DEALERS IN Howard', Elgin, United States, Waltham, Springfield and American Watches, Diamonds, Jewelry, Solid Silver and Plated Ware, Table Cutlery, Spec Iacles and Clocks. We are receiving daily, direct from Manufacturers and Importers, new goods of the latest and most desirable patterns, and will not be undersold by any house in the country. Extra inducements offered to cash buyers. All Goods sold by us marke free of charg All G~oods sold by us mlarked; free of charge HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. JUNCTION ROAD,. The Indianapolis and Cincinnati Junction road was began in divisions from Hamilton, Ohio, to this city, in 1850. A good deal of work was done, when the two companies concerned, the Ohio and Indianapolis, and the Junction, united in 1853 and prosecuted the enterprise with ample means and excellent prospects till they were overtaken by the embarrassments of 1855 and compelled to stop, till about five years ago. Work was then resumed and the road brought to this point in 1868. The city voted it a subsidy of $45,000, on condition that its shops were placed here, a condition that has not been complied with, though within a few months past there is a reasonable prospect of its being done. It is 124 miles long, traverses five counties in this State, all among the richest in agricultural property and prospects. It has recently passed under the coitrol of the (Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway. Its successive Presidents have been: Caleb B. Smith, John Woods, Samuel W. Parker, Jonathan M. ]idenour, and L. Worthington. VINCENNES ROAD. The Indianapolis and Vincennes road, opening a connection with the navigable end of the Wabash, was one of the earliest projected roads of the second era of railroad enterprise in the State. It was proposed in 1836, and again in 1850 or'51, and advanced to the point of the organization of a company, with John H. Bradley as President. in 1853. It never went further, however. In. 1865 a new effort was made by an Eastern Company, organized under General Ambrose E. Burnside. Indianapolis voted it a subscription of $60,000, on condition its shops were located here. No shops have yet been established anywhere of any considerable consequence, so that the condition can hardly be deemed violated. It was finished to this city in 1868, and almost immediately on its completion was leased to the Cincinnati road. That lease was not allowed to stand long, however, and the road is now running on its own account, though controlled by the Pennsylvania Central, and is doing well. It passes through five counties, the upper section being wholly agricultural, the lower fully stored with mineral wealth of immense value, including the best qualities of coal, stone of many varieties, and "cold short" iron in abundance of good quality to mix with the "hot short" grade of Iron Mountain and Lake Superior. CRAWFORDSVILLE ROAD. The Indianapolis, Bloomington and Western (Crawfordsville) was organized some years ago, but after survey was checked by pecuniary embarrassments, so that the last of the work has been done upon it within the past four years or less. Its most active advocate and manager has been Mr. Sam'l C. Willson, of Crawfordsville. It runs through five counties of abundant agricultural resources, those to the West lying in the great coal field, and sure to develope, sooner or later, a vast amount of mineral wealth. It connects at Danville, Ill., with extended Western lines, and forms a valuable link in one of the Great Western chains. When first completed it entered the city over the Terre Haute and Indianapolis track, for a while, but it has since made a shorter connection with the Indianapolis and St. Louis, and established its car houses and shops on the west side of the river. 3:32 ISAAC DATVIS & CO.7 WItOLESALE and RETAIL DEALERS IN R)OBE13S, te., No. 12 East Washington Street, INDJANOLIS C3OLCLAZE RS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.i NoX. 14 East Washington Street, Everything new and direct from the Manufacturers and Importers. D)iamnonds, Fine Jewelry, and Sitverware. Special attention given to watch repairing. All goods sold are engraved free of charge by an ea perienced engraver. -. Eatls,-I No. 14 East Wuhingt Street, Indianapolls, Ends Otto I# Af&ge HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLI. ST. LOUIS ROAD. The Indianapolis and St. Louis road, completed within a yeari is the most rapidly constructed line that enters the city. It was meant to be a connection westward for some strong eastern lines, and they put their money, experience and energy upon it with such success that it really came upon the town with a shock of suddenness. It traverses the same counties as the Terre Haute road, and will be the most formidable rival of that in the coal trade, for which it offers abundant facilities. It was frequently remarked during its progress that it was the best built new road ever seen in the West. It connects at Terre Haute with the old Terre Haute and Alton line, and thus makes a single route to St. Louis. Its business, especially of through freight, is already enormous, although its coal transportation has hardly begun yet. These twelve lines are completed. Besides these the Indiana and Illinois Central, which also penetrates the coal field, has, after many years of suspension and difficulty, been put in progress to completion, and it may be confidently expected to add its contribution to the city's business in a year or two. It will have through connections westward, and undoubtedly do a large business. All these western lines, except the Lafayette, run through the coal fields, and make it sure that no monopoly or dangerous ascendancy of one line can ever occur in supplying the city with fuel. There have been several other lines projected, but as they have all died, for a time at least, it is not deemed necessary or advisable to extend this work by notices of them. THE UNION DEPOT. The importance of a Union depot and track became apparent as soon as it beeaure settled that there was to be more than one or two reads entering the city. Oliver H. Smith, Chauncey Rose, General Morris and E. J. Peck were the active promoters of the enterprise. In August, 1849, the Union Company, composed at first of the Madison, Bellefontaine and Terre Haute Companies, was organized, and the Union track laid the year following. Subsequently other companies were admitted, and now it is composed of some half dozen or more of the different railroad managements of the city. It owns all the railway tracks in the city as independently as each company owns its own out of the city. It also owns the Union Depot. This large structure, 420 feet long by 200 wide, was planned by General Morris and completed in 1853. It was at first but 120 feet wide, but in 1866 was enlarged, an eating house placed in it, and the offices transferred to the south side. In 187i a fire occurred in it which seriously damaged the Eating House. It now accommodates over eighty trains a day, but the crowd at times is so great that the accomm odation is very indifferent, as vast and empty as, the place looks at other times. A larger depot is needed, and the company understand this quite as well as others, but the difficulty is to determine how to get a larger one. Shall it be by enlargivg the present one, or getting ground further west for a new one? The former will be hard, the latter will be removing public accommodations possibly so far to make them no convenience. But sooner or later there mast be more depot room, come by it how the company may. Mr. Dillard Ricketts, of the Jeffersonville road, is the present President of the Union Comipany. Mr. B. J. Peck, of the Terre ]saute road was President for o, long time. JIr. Win. N. J ackson has been Secretary all the time 334 MANUFACTURERS OF : w ~ ~H H u H H m H t ~ $0 ttt~ tyttg; t~z~ t$t t'i~t t~~'t &0 A Sole Manufacturers of Tuttle's Improved Straight-hook Cross-cut Saws, for the Western States. ]ARTICULAR ATTENTION PAID TO RE-TOOTHING AND STRAIGHTENID C IRCU. ~ 1LAR;SAWS, AND REPAIl:4ING OF. ALL KINDS. Q: t0 H. ig J'k ;4 IZ 14 t4 ? CZ m 0 1 m 0 ;o t* m to c td i Q,D (D ol &b $1 'o 06 *CA H It' HOLLOWA S INDIANAPOLIS. INDIANAPOLIS CINCINNATI AND LAFAYETTE RAILWAY-TONNAGE STATEMENT FOR 1870. Total Tonnage of Forwarded from Received at In FREIGHTS. Whole Linle. Indianapolis,1870. dianapolis, 1870. Bushels of C o r n............................737,020 111,684 53,554 Bushels of Wheat..........................1,124,085 146,253 339,879 Bushels of O a t s.......................................... 197,186 72,519 13,600 Bushels of Rye and Barley......................... 202,953 17,755 18,009 Tons of Iron................................................ 14,333 2,958 7,427 Cars of Coal.................................. 3,211 267 497 Cars of Lumber..............................4,901 499 2,080 Cars of Staves............................................. 2,235 104 1,083 Cars of Shingles.......................................... 226 4 88 Cars of Hoop Poles.................................... 90 8 45 Cars of Stone and Lime............................... 3,723 22 1,873 Cars of Horses............................................ 413 99 177 Cars of Cattle and Sheep.......................1,328 499 179 Cars of Hogs.............................................. 3,195 945 367 Barrels of Fl our.......................................... 292,298 68,754 42,927 Barrels of Whisky................................... 61,367 6,182 12,347 Barrels of Salt........................................ 74,326 1,718 24,187 Barrels of Pork and Lard............................ 9,887 949 794 Tierces of Pork and Lard............................ 9,842 3,154 181 Barrels of Tallow and Grease....................... 6,410 2,252 88 Tierces of Tallow and Grease....................... 1,363 824 1 Pounds of Freig ht.............................. 923,763,050 134,994,653 243,901,022 ............ CLEVELAND, COLUMBUS, CINCINNATI, AND INDIANAPOLIS RAIL WAY-TONNAGE STATEMENT FOR 1870. Total Tonnage Forwarded from Received at In ~FR~IGS~HTS. 1870. Indianapolis,1870. dianapolls, 1870. _.................... _-I Pounds of Butter...................................... 1,333,140 4,875 1,899,603 Pounds of Cheese........................................ 13,097,678 18,291 4,454,197 Pounds of Wool......................................... 4,619,682 1,061,026 33,433 Pounds of Forest Products........................... 253,737,510 61,67%,156 17,743,790 Pounds of Building Stone............................ 116,081,672 121,t00 2,029,726 Pounds of Grind-stone................................. 10,042,822............ 1,647,308 Pounds of Dressed Hogs................................. 1.801,666 19,606 1,700 Pounds of Tobacco...................................... 4T-,928,803 36,552,417 307,504 Pounds of Cotton....................................... 46,381,811 35,013,992......... Pounds of Pork, Hams, and Dard............... 21,066,094 5,129,184 21,61 Number of Hogs and Shleep........................ 324,665 59,950 5,100 Number of Horses and Cattle...................... 155,029 60,532 378 Bushels of Wheat........................................ 1,5.8,751 200,354 047,264 Bushels of Corn, Oats, and Seed.................. 2,709,201 1,329,862 36,637 Barrels of Fsur.......................................... 743,002 550,380 4,785 Poeuds of Merchandise............................... 741,776,801 52,039,346 229,076,73 Nunmber of tons of Freight Carried............ 831,644............................. - —.- --— i' -—, —---------------------— _______ 336 ESTABLISHED IN 1848. A ID:.VV DI 7VTA,LLr ACE, WHOLESALE GROCER, AND GENERAL SALT AGENT, 52 & 54 DELAWARE STREET, 91, 93. 95, 97 & 99, EAST MARYLAND STREET, I1DI,1i'POLIS, IND. W. J. HOLLIDAY. MURPHY, JOHNSTON & CO., Wholesale Dealers in Bry oodl S and Ntiongi. Nos. 51 & 53 S. E. Cor. MERIDIAN AND MARYLAND STS., r I N DIANAPO&LIS, IND. r. rE E a pRILY AND pAIL AN'~ KICj J)AILY AND ~EEKLY. THE DAILY JOURNAL is a first-class newspaper, containing the Latest News from every quarter, the Latest and fullest Telegraphic News, a Daily Compend of State News, full and accurate-Commercial and Market Reports, Special Live Stock Reports from Pittsburg, Cincinnatiand Chicago daily, fresh and complete City News, and a fine selection of General Miscellany. THIE WEEKLY JOURNAL is carefully prepared with the special view to making itacceptable in the Farm, the Shop, the Offloe, and the Family. It gives the most reliable information in Commerce, Manufactures, Agriculture, Finance and General Foreign and Domestic Topics. TERMS OF THE DAILY. Single copies per week, delivered by carrier,. 25 cents. By mail, payable in advance, per year,... $12 00' " P " 6I months,... 6.00 3 "... 3.00 ' " "1 month........ 1.00 In all cities or towns where we have twenty-five or more subscribers, THE JOURNAL is deliv — ered by carriers promptly on arrival of early morning trains. WEEKLY STATE JOURNAL. Single copies,...... $2.00 Clubs of five and under twenty-five,.... 1.75 each " of twenty-five and over,...... 1.50 " The above prices are invariable. Remit at our risk in Drafts, or Postoffice Money Orders, andl where neither of these can be procured, send the money in a Registered Letter. W. W. JOHNSON. L. M. FITZHUGHt J. W. MURPHY. HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. ABSTRACT OF TONNAGE OVER INDIANA6 DIVISION OF ST. L., V., T. H., & I. R. R. DURING THE YEAR 1870. Equivalent ir pounds. Pounds Merchandise...................................................................., Bushels Corn................................................................................. Bushels Wheat...............................................,............................. Bushels Oats........................................................................................ Barrels Beef, Pork, and Lard...................................................... arrels Flour...........................................4,8 6,... Barrels Cement............................................................... Barrels Oil.................................................................................... Barrels Salt............................................. Barrels Whisky............................................................................. Hogsheads Tobacco........................................................................ Bales Cotton................................................................................. Bales Hemp.,................................................................................ Number,, orses and Cattle............................................................ Number Males.............................................................................. Number Sbeep.............................................................................. Number Hogs............................................................................... ears Staves.................................................................................. Cars Lumber.................................................. 42000 Cars Shingles and Lath.................................................................. Cars Cooperage............................................................................ Cars Machinery............................................................................ Cars Stone..................................................................................... Cars Lime..................................................................................... Cars flig Iron................................................................................ Cars Brick and Clay.................................................... Cars Iron Ore................................................................................ Cars Coal......................................................1, 38,2,0 oars Coke.......................................................................................... Cars Ciurders.............................................................. Cars Scrap and Castings.............................................................. Cars Meal, Bran, &c................................................................... Cars Stone Ware..................................................,....0 Oars Slate........................................................, 'Cars Ice....,: Oars Ice........................................................323.......... Cars Logs...................................................................................... Cars R R. Materials.............................................4.... Gross Tons R. R. Iron................................................................ Numnber Box Cars................................................ Numb,r Passenger Oars............................................................... Number I'lat Cars......................................................................... Number Coal Cars........................................, Number Stock Cars........................................................................ Number Engines.......................................................................... Total...............................................................1,284,654,692 338 227,709,603 64,228,293 21,654,129 18,597,727 11,297,524 68,160,000 2,117,500 8,508,240 5,770,500 1,763,M) 37,415,689 23,771,397 990,f,-90 48,116,000 1,996,000 E,,792,0100 20,384,000 15,040,000 42,060,000 2,646,000 2,138,000 10,440,000 35,630,000 4,000,000 35,480,000 6,800,000 44,520,(',IOO 388,620,000 5,620,000 3,420,000 2,580,000 3,800,000 180, 000 loo,ooo 6,460,000 5,520,000 8,920,000 92,198,400 5,360,000 1,550,000 1,416,000 528,(X)O 96,000 1,360,000 1,284,654,692 968,365 342,668 581,181 34,233 340,800 7,060 23,634 19,235 4,950 22,348 49,920 2,549 46,766 2,015 36,200 70,070 752 2,105 145 116 580 1,781 200 1,774 340 2,226 19,431 281 171 129 190 9 323 276 446 31,160 335 62 118 44 8 34 Total.......................................... FRED P. RUSH. CapBiSTCH, DICSON & CO.,rks BUSTCH, DICKSON & -CO.$ Manufacturers of all kinds of ZHar1 a -H and goop Format FOOT OF KENTUCKY AVENUE, Office and Warehouise, 96 & 98 Meridian Street, Cor. Georgia. DAILY AND WEEKLY, Has the largest circulation, and is the most reliable and influential paper in the State. SUBSCRIBE FOR IT. THiE JOB R 0 0 M Of the SENTINEL is well stocked with material for Book, Job, Mercantile and Colored Printing. ,PARTICULAR ATTENTION PAID TO ORDERS. THE BINDERY DEPARTMENT Is complete-in MACHINERY AND MATERIAL and the best workmen only are employed. THE STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY Connected with this Establishment is the SECOND LARGEST IN THE WEST. V. BUTSCH. J. DICKSON :Z::LDq':Z::".A::b O~ I'D, THE RAILROADS OF INDIANAPOLIS-CAPITAL, DEBTS, INCOME, ETC. A Blank Space (-) across the Line signifies "Not Ascertained." NAME OF ROAD. Capital Stock. Funded Debt. Floating Debt. Cost of Road Gross Earnings. Net Earnings. Year Ending. and Equipment. *Cincinnati and Indianapolis Junction....................... $3,132,235 $2,052,000 $1,042,798 41 $6,187,644 62 $261,276 05 $26,712,510 0C June 30, 1270 Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis... 11,620,000 3,000,000 -- 12,160,930 00 3,232.109 64 1,058,439 55 Dec.31 1870 ~Columbus, Chicago, and Indiana Central.................. 12,836,772 19,473,174 822,713 32,713,540 00 t3,329,411 00 t267,452 00 June 30 1870 -Indianapolis and St. Louis....................................... 600,000 2,670,000 265,456..................Dec. 31, 1870. Indianapolis, Cincinnati and Lafayette................... 6,750,000 8,000,000 1,500,000 13,720,057 00 1,850,000 00 tf450,000 00 Jan.20, 1871. ~Indianapolis, Peru, and Chicago.............................. Indianapolis, Bloomington, and Western............... 5,(00,000 6,500,000 - Indianapolis and Vincennes................................... -- - - t240,000 00 ;Jeffersonville, Madison, and Indianapolis................. 2,800,000 3,100,000 587,179 6,027,342 00 1,140,099 00 403,486 00 Dec. 31 1869. giTerre Haute and Indianapolis............................... 1,988.150 800,000 - 2,650,782 94 1,087,526 49 459,465 Nov.30 1870 Is 0 km tx E *The Fort Wayne, Muncie, & Cincinnati ]R. R., from Connersville, Ind., to Fort Wayne, Ind., having been leased to the Junction R. R. Co., under contract to build and operate it, the indebtedness of the Junction R. R. Co., includes everything pertaining to the Fort Wayne Railroad. The Junction road has since been leased to the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton R. R. The statement of the earnings is for the year ending June 30th, 1869. IlThis road having sine been leased by the Pittsbu-g, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Co., its earnings are no longer reported separately. ~Information refised. ~Operated by the P. C. & St. L. Co. tEstimated. {{Does not include the Yandali8 Division. o< b, U) _______~~~~~~~~ I Ii I _______ _________ - II_______ I I'' ______________________________~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ LI q, r I - CHARTERED. CAPITAL STOCK $1-50,000 O0 National Surgical Institute, FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALL CASES OF SURGERY, Deformities, Cronic Diseases, Eto. ONE SQUARE NORTH OF THE UNION DEPOT, INDIANAPOLIS, INIL THE NATIONAL SURGICAL INSTITUTE is located on the corner of Illinois and Georgia streets, Tand is one of the largest and most imposing buildings in the city. There is no, institution, of its kind, in America, so extensive in its several appointments, and so great a reputation has it gained throughout the continent, that patients from all parts of the United States can always be seen there availing themselves of its benefits. All deformities of the Face, Spine and Limbs; diseases of the Eye and Ear, Paralysis and Chronic Diseases, are among the most prominent of the specialties here treated, and to any one affected with any of these afflictions, greater relief is offered here than anywhere else. More than four thousand cases made application for treatment during the ,ast year, and the great good which has been accomplished within that time, is beyond estimate. Its facilities for the treatment of all deformities and Surgical and Chronic diseases surpass any,thing ever beforeattempted in this country. All kinds of Apparatus and Surgical appliances are furnished to order, to suit every known deformity, and, unlike other Surgical Institutions, the Surgeons attend personally to their manufacure and adjustment to the deformity. The Medical and Surgical Staff is composed of Surgeons and'Physicians, the most eminent in their profession, and skillful in their chosen specialties. Many new and strange inventions have been made available through the superior genius of.Dr. Allen, and to him must be ascribed the highest honors for the great and valuable assistance he has .rendered in this respect to the Science of Surgery, by means of which thousands of cripples heretofore deemed incurable have been fully restored. Hundreds of cases of Paralysis owe their restoration to the treatment as administered at this Surgical Institute, and any one thus afflicted, should make no delay, but haste to be made partakers of the greatest relief ever offered for the cure of this terrible affliction. One large department is devoted exclusively Lo the treatment of this class of cases. In it is found the Sweedish Movement cure, perfect and complete in every particular, which with its machines for producing artificial motion in limbs and joints-and for the use of vacuum or compressed air, with the aid of steam generators, all of which are absolute andindispensable in the treatment of these cases-will, -upon examination, convince the most skeptical and inoredulous, of the merits of this treatment in preference to any other. The proprietors have spared neither pains nor expence in fitting the several apartments for the reception of their patients, and the most fastidious lady or gentleman, if afflicted, will find every necessary attention and want speedily and promnptly satisfied. The institution is provided with spacious and elegant bathing apartments, with superior facul. ties for administering the various baths, including the Turkish, Electro Thermal, Medicated and Sulphur baths. The Electro Thermal Bath, is a great remedy for nervous diseases-diseases of Females, General Debility, Sexual Weakness, &c., &c. The other Baths are especially adapted to the cure of Rheumatism, Venerral Affections, Scrofula, &c., &c. The Institution is most eminently successful in the prosecution of its most noble calling, and no one afflicted will ever regret a visit there and a treatment at its hands. Send stamp for general or illustrated circular; also for special treaties on Club Feet, Paralysis., -Spinal Disease, Hip Disease, Piles and Fistula, Pzivate Diseases and Diseases of Females. Address-Secretary National Surgical Intitute, Inudianopolis, Indiana. THE RAILROADS OF INDIANAPOLIS-MILEAGE, ROLLIN A blank space f-) across the line signifies "none," and running dots (.. Mileage. Rolling Stock., ]A!0E O OAD,.A IS -M. N. MNo. No. Cincinnati and Indianapolis Junction..................... 98 68 56.2 16 12 279........ Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati ad Indianapolis 340.5 49.g 61.7 90 47 1632 1750 Febr *Columbus, Chicago and Indiapa Ce.tral............... 588 12. 67.9 35 76 1719 1684 Indianapolis and St. Louis....................................260.6 5 61 51 1018 1884...... Indianapolis, Cincinnati and Lafayette........... 179 110 23 52 40 1032 800 Mar( Indianapolis, Peru and Chicago.......................7 14 10 286 180...... Indianapolis Bloomington & Western.................202.05 - 30 18 488 786 'Indianapolis and Viucennes............................5 - 4.5 8 7 225 290 $Jeffersonville, Madison & Indianapolis..................114 110 17.9 37 28 564 Terre Haute and Indianapolis............................... 238 16...... 60 35 1233 800 Janu >~~~~~~~~~~~~3: 16...................0.5.. :Includes length of St. Louis, Vandalia and Terre Haute Blaiway, operated by this fop.pn7, and call ?y the'ittsbnrig, Cincinnati uqd St 1,,9uis CopMany. J. D. EVANS. A. J. FORTNER. 8. FORTNER. M. H. FLOYD. C. D. ES & CO., Wholesale Dealers in NotionsQ, Fhey Woods, Ete,, No. 75 SOUTH MERIDIAN STREET, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. HENRY GEVERIN. HENRY SCHNULL. BERG. APPLEGATE. SEVERIN, SCHNULL & Co., WHoLU1ALU1 eBocEus, No*. 55 and 57 South Meridian Street, OPPOSITE SCHNULL'S BLOCK, INDIANAPOLIS,. INDIANA. WEST, MORRIS & GORRELL, Importers and Dealers in eIL&, &sGit &XiL utiaalwm.O No. 37 SOUTH MERIDIAN STREET, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. HENDRICKS, EDMUNDS & CO., Wholesale Dealers in IOO. *tos No. 79 South Meridian St., INDIANAPOLIS, - - - INDIANA. HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. PRESENT MANUFACTURES. To the foregoing review of our early manufactures, and observations on the manufacturing resources and prospects of the city, we append a necessarily brief sketch of the principal manufacturing enterprises of to-day, and a tabular statement at the close. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. The development of this manufacturing interest here is not commensurate with the demand, the advantages of situation, and the opportunities for profitably engaging in the manufacture of agricultural implements at this point. Five manufactories-exclusive of these where parts only of certain implements are made, and exclusive of wagons, classed under the title of carriages, wagons, etc.-are reported by the census, employing an aggregate of seventy-five hands, and their products last year aggregated $105,750. Adding to this aggregate the exceptions stated, would probably double it; with a corresponding increase in the number of hands employed. As before stated, the opportunities for profitable investment in this description of manufactures are inadequately utilized. One considerable move in this direction was the establishment in 1865, by a stock company, of the Indianapolis Agri. cultural Works, with J. A. Grosvenor as president. Various changes of stockholders and officers have occurred since the inception of the enterprise, and the establishment has been diverted from its original scope of production to the manufacture of heavy wagons, carts, drays, and the like. This caused it to be rechristened T'he Indianapolis Wagon Works, its present title. The establishment is located directly south of the depot of the Terre Haute and Indianapolis railway; is quite extensive, and is well supplied with approved and valuable machinery The amount of capital stock is $80,000; number of hands employed, fifty-three; value of products last year, $78,000. There is an unoccupied field here for the manufacture of plows, threshers, reapers, mowers, and of the various other leading agricultural implements generally. In respect to these, the area of agricultural territory that should be tributary to this market is of great extent and opulent in agricultural capacities; the best of materials for their manufacture are cheap and abundant, and the facilities for shipment unrivalled. These advantages can hardly be much longer neglected. The reported sales of agricultural implements by dealers in this city, during the past year, aggregate $755,687. The total value of agricultural implements manfactured here during the same period, was but $105,750. These figures illustrate how great is the field here for engaging in this agricultural interest, and how it is almost totally unoccupied. BAKERIES. The census shows fifteen establishments of this description, covering the whole range of products coming under this head. They employ sixty-seven hands, and their aggregate production last year is valued at $349,386. Of these, the largest establishments are those of Parrott, Nickum & Co., and the Aerated Bread Company. The former has a very extensive wholesale trade, chiefly in crackers. The latter manufactures all the different descriptions of bakers products, using the well known and approved process of "raising" the dough by charging it with car J. D. VINNEDGE. A. JONES. JR. W. S. ARMSTRONG. VINNEDGE, JONES & Co., Wholesale Dealers in BOOTS AND SHOES, No. 60 South Meridian Street, INDIANA?OLIS, INDIANA. MAXWELL, FRY & THURSTON, DEALERS IN iralat Stel.ia AX S kw Springs, Wood Work, and Blacksmiths' Tools, 34 South Meridian Street, INDIANAPOLIS, W. D. WILES. D. H. WILES. D. W. COFFIN. JOHN I. MORRISON. TWILES, B. ZBrO. CO., -WHOLESALE GROCERS, No. 149 South Meridian Street, INDIy/4 dp/ ~ OLIS, JAMIES SULGROVE, Wholesale Dealer in SADDLERY HARDWARE, -AND Manufacturer of Saddles, Collars, Etc., No. 118 South Meridcia Street, - -. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. - INDIANA. - IWIDI/IJV.I. HIIOLLOWAY F'S INDIANAPOLIS. bonic acid gas. The figures above given show this branch of industry to be well represented here, and prosperous. BOOTS AND SHOES. The census reports over fifty manufacturers of boots and shoes, employing an aggregate of one hundred and thirteen workmen, and their products last year aggregating $137,672. This manufacturing interest is yet in a primitive state of development, being confined to custom work, or individual orders, and to the manufacture in a small way, by some retail houses, of boots and shoes for their own trade. What is yet wanting to give this branch of industry its proper importance, and what could evidently be very profitably conducted here, is the manufacture of boots and shoes, on a large scale, for the wholesale trade, as in the East. BREWERS. The business of manufacturing malt liquors is extensively engaged in here. The principal breweries are those of C. F. Schmidt, J.?. Meikel, P. Lieber & Co., Casper Maus, Sponsel & Bals, Harting & Bro. and Frank Wright. Of these, that of Mr. Wright is devoted to the manufacture of ale exclusively. The aggregate capital employed is reported at $276,500; number of hands, fifty-six; value of annual products, $286,670. The products of our breweries are in excellent repute with the trade. BUILDERS. The census report shows thirty-four firms engaged in the business of carpentering and building. Aggregate capital employed, $134,800; aggregate number of hands, two hundred and twenty-nine; aggregate value of products last year, $391,075. This is exclusive of the products of the planing mills, elsewhere reported, and of building improvements not included in the returns of these builders. BROOMS. The manufacture of brooms at this point is engaged in by ten firms, employing twenty-one hands, and producing last year manufactured products to the amount of $23,932. CARRIAGES, ETC. This manufacturing interest is represented by a number of manufactories; the largest and best known of which are the Shaw & Lippincott Manufacturing Company, S. W. Drew, and George Lowe & Company. The range of production is very comprehensive, and the facilities for making superior work, at the lowest cost, are unsurpassed. Every kind of spring vehicle can be obtained here. from the simplest spring wagon to the most costly carriage, rockaway, landau, or what not style of vehicular architecture. Specimens may be seen at any time that bear comparison with the work of any similar manufactory in the United States. For reasons already stated, this point affords extraordinary advantages for profitably engaging in this species of manufactures: easy and cheap access to the best lumber, and unequaled facilities for shipment of the manufactulred products. Including the several grades of vehicles not elsewhere classed under the head of agricultural implements, and the extensive establishment known as the Wood 346 B. 0. SHAW, President. S. R. LIPPINCOTT, Sec. & Treas T. C. READING, Supt. J. H. F. TOMPKINS, Ass't. fS & LXpP~ITNUTI Carriage Mnufturing Company Carriag~e ManufacturingCmay PROPRIETORS OF INDIANAPOLIS COACH WORKS, Nos. 26 to 84 East Georgia Street, ....A,POLIS INDIANA. THE EVENING SEWS IS PUBLISHED AT lNo. 18' North Meridian Street, EVERY DAY EXCEPT SUNDAY. PRICE PER COPY, 2 CENTS. I " YEAR, - - - $5,00. The EVENING NEWS has the largest circulation of any daily paper in the State of Indiana, and more than three thousand copies are distributed daily in the city. Its rates for advertising are lower in proportion to its circulation than those of any other paper. Business men will find it a valuable advertising medium. Specimen Copies Furnished on Application, INDIANAPOLIS, HOLLOWARS INDIANAPOLIS. burn Sarvin Wheel Company, this interest represents a capital of $585,000; gives employment to four hundred and fifty-one hands, and yielded last year products to the value of about $450,000. CEMENT DRAIN PIPES. The Indiana Cement Pipe Company was organized in the fall of 1869, with a capital of $15,000-commenced operations in the spring of 1870, and employed through the year from eight to twelve men. The sales for 1870 amounted to about $10,000. The officers for 1871 are: T. B. M(Carty, President; 3. W. Dodd, Secretary and Treasurer; Henry Willis, Superintendent. The company manufacture cement pipe from three tothirty inches diameter, for house drains, sewers, land drains, culverts under streets, railroads and gravel roads. They also manufacture wrought iron water pipe, lined with and laid in cement, which preserves the iron and insures the consumer pure water. This pipe can be made to stand any pressure, is cheaper than cast iron pipe, and is rapidly growing in favor wherever it is used. The company own the exclusive right to use a patented process for carbonizing or hardening manufactures of cement, lime and sand, and are now making a handsome, durable and cheap stone for building and paving. By the use of this process, cement pipe can be so hardened as to stand a great degree of heat, making it available for chimneys, flues for green houses, air pipes for furnaces, etc. COTTON MANUFACTURES. This interest is represented by but one establishment, the Indianapolis Cotton Manufactory, devoted to the manufacture of cotton warp. This enterprise was started in October, 1866, by a stock company composed of C. E. Geisendorff & Co., John Thomas, Henry Schnull, W. W. Leathers, T. B. McCarty, and R. B. Duncan. The erection of the building-located on the canal, just inside the city limits was completed in the winter of 1867. Upwards of $100,000 have been expended in machinery. The establishment has about forty-one thousand spindles and forty cards. It gives empleyment to fifty-six hands, and the value of its products last year was $300,000. The warp manufactured here finds a ready market on account of its quality and the favorable prices at which it can be made. The only changes in the original ownership, we believe, have been the transfer of the interest of C. E. Geisendorff & Co. to General Nathan Kimball, and the admission of several new stockholders by reason of an increase of the capital of the association. The capital stock of the company, originally $100,000, has been increased to $200,000. The officers of the company are: President, John Theomas; Secretary, William Wilson; Treasurer, Wm. Roe. This enterprise, whose success was doubted by many at its inception, has proven a remunerative investment, and its prosperity invites further investments in cotton manufactures at this point. CLOTHING. The manufacture of clothing in this city, like that of boots and shoes, is chiefly confined to what is called ",custom work," there being no extensive manufactory 348 SPIEGEL, THOIS & GCO., Manufactur a, -~~~ " ~ FW A 51 -- ii ii ii ~~~ ~~~~~I-t Jit 1'1! 111! . H 11 Hol At I And fti. n urnitu~re,.hairs ~I att-ressoes Warerooms 71 & 73 West Washington Street Factory, South East Street, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, INDIANAPOLIS LIGHTNING ROD WORKS. BI-UTSO~,'S 2a-~~~~~ -u-l-,. — Co~.,,w, -_, n-b) t ppo -r l -I'T P1L FLANGES.d WITH SPIRAL FLANGES. . he 1, eest ed M-et -otProeioneeia This Rod has been erected on more than Five Thousand Buildings in and around Indianapolis during the past few years; and in many cities of the country similar success has attended its introduction. Wherever it is known its sales increase each succeeding year. Also, Manufacturers of Cable Rods, at Wholesale and Retail. L _! ORDERS FROM THE TRADE SOLICITED. And others who would be inclined to take hold of a business like this. Address DAVID MUNSON, Manufacturer and Patentee, Indianapolis, Ind. Patented August 6, 1856. Patented November 17, 1868. Patented November 1, 1864. Patented January 3, 1871. Extended August 5, 1870. Patented February 11, 1868. Patented March 8, 1870. Point Patented February 1, 1870. A( ; - A, HOLLOWAY'S INDRANAPOLIS. of clothing for the wholesale trade. The census reports twenty-seven establishments, whose products last year aggregated $460,940. These employ, in the aggregate, two hundred and fifty-six workmen. Among these are several merchant tailoring establishments of the first class, with respect to the qualities and styles of their work. The manufacture of clothing, in a large way, for the general trade, could doubtless be profitably carried on here. CONFECTIONERY. This interest has attained, within a few years, a very respectable magnitude comparing favorably with other mantufactories in proportion to the relative consumption. The census shows twelve manufacturers of confectionery, employing thirty-four hands- and producing candies to the value of $135.192 last year. The leading establishments are those of Daggett & Co., and Dukemineer & Co. The candies manufactured here-are of high repute among the trade, because of their freedom from unwholesome adulteration. cooPRR By reason of an abundant and cheap supply of the best lumber in the country, of extraordinary facilities for shipping the manufactured products, as well as of the extensive local demand, the manufacture of coopers' products here is an extensive and prosperous business. The census returns fourteen establishments of this description, employing one hundred and ninety-eight hands. The aggregate value of their products last year to was $310,160. COFFEE AND SPICE MILLS. There are two large, substantial, and prosperous establishments in this city engaged in the business of grinding coffee and spices, and putting them up in that form for the wholesale trade, namely: H. H. Lee and Maguire & Gillespie. Mr. Lee's establishment is located at the intersection of Meridian street and Madison avenue, and is complete in all respects. It was opened in June, 1871. The celebrity previously held by its proprietor as a dealer in teas and coffees in this city, the completeness of the establishment, and the reliable quality of the goods, secured for the new venture an immediate recognition and an extensive patronage; and already, in the first few months, it has attained a fixed prosperity and high standing among the manufacturing enterprises of the city. The coffee and spice mills of Maguire & Gillespie, No. 31 East Maryland street, were established in 1862 by A. Stephens & Son, who retired in 1864. Their successors were Messrs. Judson & Dodd, who were succeeded, in 1869, by the present firm of Maguire and Gillespie. The amount of capital invested is $25,000; ten hands are employed; and the value of products last year was about $70,000. In the rear of the store room is located the mill, operated bysteam, in which al the coffee is roasted and ground, and in which the spices are ground. FERTILIZING PRODUCTS. An establishment of considerable magnitude, entitled the "Indianapolis Hair and Bristle Works,' located on the corner of West and Wisconsin streets, was 350 W. A. PFAFF. JOHN C. BURTON & CO., Wholeasle Dealers In Vo. 114 South JlMeridian Street, INDIANAPOLIS, - No. 4 East Washington Street, Yohn's Block, Indianapolis, Ind. Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Theological, Miscellaneous and School Books, Of all Denominations. BLANK BOOKS, PAPER, ENVELOPES, and STATIONERY of all Kinds. Depository of the Publications of the Methodist Book Concern. Kinds. Depository of the Publications of the Methodist Book concern. W. J. HOLLIDAY & CO., DEALERS IN NUTS, BOLTS, BLACKSMITHS' TOOLS, Felloes, Spokes, Carriage Trimmings, Etc., JNo. 59 South.Meri,di,an Street, POLIS, - INDIANA S. C. DONALDSON. DONALDSON & STOUT, Jobbers of Hats, Caps, Furs, Gloves AND STRAW GOODS, No. 54 South MIeridian Street,. INDIANAPOLIS, IIND 801-1T-X,,'S:33o03C J.'C. BURTON. J. W. PFAFF. t3~o~S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 6t "0 - - INDIANA. -Po'.-a D. E. STOUT. HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLrS. begun in 1864 by Lewis F. Lannay. It occupies about three acres of ground, and employs from thirty-six to forty-two hands. Since 1868, its productions have been ground bone and other fertilizersPrior to that time the establishment was also engaged in dressing bristles and preparing hair for upholsterers' purposes. As now conducted, there is no other similar mannfactory west of the Allegheny mountains. The capacity of the concern is about three hundred tuns of fertilizing products per annum. FLOUR. The first flouring mill in this city was built by John Carlisle, in 1840. Like most other branches of trade and manufactures, the manufacture of flour has grown in proportion to the growth of the city in population and commercial and manufacturing importance Indeed, the growth of this particular interest has been relatively greater than the growth of other interests, and for obvious reasons. Favorably situated in a highly productive agricultural region, with railways radiating in every direction, facilitating the importation of grain directly and at the lowest cost, and affording ready outlets to the markets for the products of its mills, and having abundant water power, the manufacture of flour has grown and prospered here in obedience to the plainest natural laws. The value of the products of our city mills, representing a capital of $371,500, during the past year, was $1,656,300. The year 1870 was one of but moderate prosperity to flour mannfacturers; the market being without animation, and trade being depressed throughout most of the year. This low state of vitality kept prices uniformly low, affording scant margins, and frequently no margins, for profits. The supply was generally in excess of the demand. The European demand was less than usual; and even the FrancoPrussian war, which was expected to stimulate the market in this country, depressed it rather. FOUNDRIES, ROLLING MILLS, MACHINE SHOPS, METAL MANUFACTURES GENERALLY. For the sake of brevity, the different manufactories in this city comprehended in the above caption, are here grouped under one head. Combined, these constitute the most extensive manufacturing interest in the city, representing an aggregate capital of $1,791,700 employing an aggregate of 1,427 operatives, and yielding products, during the past year, to the aggregate value of $2,961,665. Rolling Mills.-There are two large manufactories of this description: "The Indianapolis Rolling Mill," and the "Capital City Iron WVorks." The former is devoted to the rolling and rerolling of railroad iron; the latter, to the manufacture of the various descriptions of merchant iron. In respect of the capital and number of operatives employed and of the value of products, this is the leading manufacturing enterprise in this city. It was established in 1858: by R. A. Douglas. At a later date, the late James Blake was associated with Mr. Douglas in the concern. It has gone on increasing in magnitude from year to year, until it is now owned by an incorporated company, and has a capital stock of $600.000, is capable of rerolling one hundred tons daily, and employs an average of three hundred and sixty-five operatives. The value of its products yearly is about $800,000. It has the reputation of producing the best iron rails in the UAited States-claimed to be superior to the English rails. 352 Ili 0 V-"\~ V-1'~ 4~ . i. I 6 and I 8 West Washzngion S/., l\TDIA POT,IS, IND., Orders Filled for all kinds of BOOKS AND PAPER, SCHOOL BOOKS, MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, ENVELOPES AND BLANK BOOKS, LETTER, NOTE,. AND CAP PAPERS, WRAPPING PAPER, BONNET BOARDS,, Together with anything and everything usually found in a Firs't e~lass B,'ook aud Paper SLtF,ore. BOWEN, STEWART & CO., New Iron Front, 16 & 18 West Washington st., Indianapolis, Indiana. New Iron Front, 16 & 18 West Wasliington st,, Indianapolis, Indiana. III Has connected with it the LARGEST and BEST APPOINTED Printing, Bining, STE TYPING STALISETD - in WOTYIG m gmTi f4 ILET IN THE STATE. Having been recently refitted with NEW MACHINERY, together with the latest styles of TYPE AND ORNAMENTAL MATERIAL, is fully prepared to do every description of General Letter-Press Printing, in the Very Best Manner and at Moderate Prices. We make a specialty of Railroad Work, Wood Cut Printing, and Colored Poster Work, as well as every variety of Commercial and Mercantile Printing. OUR BINDERY being fitted up with the most approved machinery, we can do Embossed Cloth Work in any desired style, and at low rates. We are prepared to execute all kinds of Blank Work for County Officers, with promptness, and in a manner that we will warrant to give entire satisfaction Railroad Officers, Bankers, and Merchants, when in need of Blank Books, are requested to give us a trial. Having a STE:REOTYPE FOUNDRY in connection with our establishment, we are enabled, Ly our new and improved process, to make PLATES equal to any in the West. Our prices are the same as other first class places. Estimates of every description carefully made, and letters of inquiry cheerfully answered. Address, (23) BOwEN, STEWART & Go., Book AND PAPER ]lOUSE. dgit~ti r &~at INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL CO.. HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. Its present officers are: President, John M. Lord; Secretary, C. B. Parkman; Treasurer, Aquilla Jones, Sr. The most of the capital is owned by resident stock holders. The Capital City Iron Works are owned by Messrs. Valentine Butsch, James Dickson, Fred. P. Rusch, J. C. Brinkmeyer, and Wm. Sims, and were established in 1867. This enterprise had to encounter the usual opposition of similar Eastern establishments; which was at first successful. For a time they sold their iron in this city cheaper than it could be produced here. But this practice was of brief duration; and presently it came to pass that the home establishment could offer superior inducements, in respect of both qualities and prices. It has followed as a natural sequence that this rolling mill has obtained all the demand it can supply. Its products find a demand in a large area of western territory-are sold in considerable quantities in such large and remnote cities as St. Louis, itself situated in an extensive iron and coal region. The superior advantages of this city for manufactures of this description are manifest: coal peculiarly adapted for the purpose, speedy access to the ore, and extraordinary facilities for the shipment of the manufactured iron in every direction. Of the once mooted question whether such a manufactory could be profitably conducted here, in competition with the extensive and long established manufactories of the East, the success of this enterprise affords conclusive proof in the affirmative. The possible producing capacity of the Works is about twenty tuns daily, or products to the value of $480,000 per annum. The number of hands now employed is,about seventy, and is soon to be increased to one hundred and forty. The capital employed is about $150,000. The Works have twelve puddling and two smelting furnaces. Iron Foundries and Machine Shops.-Under this head is grouped an extensive range of products, and several establishments of the first rank. Of these the principal are: The Eagle Machine Works; Sinker & Davis; D. Root & Co.; Greenleaf & Co.; Chandler & Taylor (Phenix Machine Works); Hetherington & Co.; Frink & Moore (Union Novelty Works); Mothershead & Co.; the Dean Brothers. The Eagle Machine Works were established here in 1848 by Watson, Voorhees & Co.; under the name of the Washington Foundry. Two years later the property was purchased by Messrs. Hasselman & Vinton. Under this new firm it outgrew all resemblance to its primitive condition. By fires in 1854 and 1855, or thereabout, the firm lost property worth nearly $100,000, on which there was no insurance. These losses were repaired; the scope and extent of the establishment were rapidly enlarged; and in 1865 it passed into the ownership of a joint stock company, Mr. Hasselman retaining a one-third interest. It is still owned by a joint stock com,pany, and its extent, the range and quality of its productions, its resources and ,prosperity, attest the sagacity and prudence of its management, and the advanta geousness of its location. The principal articles manufactured at the Eagle Machine Works are engines, boilers, saw mills and threshing machines, the latter being made a specialty. The firm of Sinker & Davis have for many years been the proprietors and conductors of a well known and extensive establishment, occupying the same field of production-except as to threshing Machines-as the Eagle Machine Works, and like the latter has grown to be an extensive and important establishment, with an excellent reputation for the quality of its products. The death of the senior mem 354 MANUPA CTURE$. ber of the house E. T. Sinker, Esq., in April last, was followed shortly after by a fire; the one producing a change of the firm, and the other operating a temporary interruption of business. Mr. Alfred T. Sinker has succeeded to his deceased father's interest in the establishment, and the destruction by the fire was promptly repaired. The Stove Foundry of D. Root & Co. was established in 1850 by Deloss & J. K. Root. Through several changes of the firm Mr. Deloss Root has remained the senior and principal propietor. Advantages of location have been utilized by capable management. The establishment has grown from year to year in resources and extent, and its capacities are quite up with the times. About eighty different patterns of stoves for various uses, everything in the way of "hollow ware," and cast iron fronts for houses, sufficiently outline the products of this foundry. The foundry of Greenleaf & Co. was established in 1865 by Wm. E. Greenleaf. It was a small concern at the start, but has since become a very extensive establishment. In May, 1870, the property passed to the ownership of a stock conpany, and was styled the Greenleaf Machize Works. The specialty of this establishment is heavy castings. A cylinder manufactured here in 1868 was extensively noticed at the time in the public prints as being the largest ever cast in the State, and, with one or two exceptions, in the WVest. Line-shafting, rolling-mill and blast-furnace castings and machinery, railroad turn-tables, steam engines, &c., are prominent classes of the products of this foundry. The Phenix Machine Works were established in 1859 by Messrs. T. E. Chandler and C. P. Wiggins. After several changes of firm we find Messrs. Chandler & Taylor the present proprietors. The history of the establishment has been one of continuous increase in resources and prosperity. Messrs. Chandler & Taylor are manufacturers of engines, saw mills, and the various kinds of smaller machinery. The foundry of Hetherington & Co. was established in 1864 by Mr. B. F. Hletherington. It was a small affair at first, but has grown to be a large establishment now. This establishment makes a great variety of the smaller grades of castings and machines. The Union Novelty Works were established in 1862 by Dr. S. C. Frink, E. O. Frink and H. A. Moore. An establishment of no great magnitude at first, it flourished so well that by 1868 it had grown to the dignity of a joint stock company, with Dr. Frink as President, Mr. H. A. Moore as Superintendent, a large capital stock, and an extensive business. It was now named the Unio7t Novelty Works. The leading articles manufactured by the company are bed irons, sad irons, Frink's safety hinge, the Novelty gate latch, gate hinges and Frink & Moore's patent street box for gas and water. In addition to these articles they have some fifty others on their list for which there is a growing demand, and the company are enlarging their works and manufacturing facilities as rapidly as means will admit. The foundry of Mothershead & Co., established in 1864, is an extensive institution, devoted principally to the manufacture of stoves and hellow-ware. The latest addition to the list of foundries and machine shops, located in this city, is the extensive manlufactory of the Dean Brothers, located at the junction of the Jeffersonville Railroad and Madison Avenue. It was built during the summer and fall of 1870, and was opened on the 1st of January, 1871. The amount of capital invested in this manufatctory is $30,000. The average number of hands employed is fifty. The range of production embraces woolen machinery, steam engines, baling presses, trucks, shafting, machinery castings of every description. Boiler Yards.-The only firm exclusively engaged in the manufacture of boil "355 HOLLOWAYFS INDIA.NAPOLIS$ ers is Dumont & Roberts; but this branch of manufacturing is extensively engage&in by some of the establishments named under the head of "Foundries and Machine Shops," particularly by the Eagle Machine Works, and by the firm of Sinker & Davis. Iron Railings, etc.-B. F. Haugh & Co., whose establishment was founded in 1850, employ forty workmen in the manufacture of iron railings, all descriptions of iron work used in the construction of public and private buildings, iron fronts, and, especially, iron jails; in which last respect this house has gained a widespread reputation and patronage. Saw Works.-This interest is represented by the extensive and well known establishment of E. C. Atkins & Co. and George W. Atkins & Co. (late Alfred To Sinker), whose range of production covers everything in the line of saws. Their capacities and prosperity are too well known to require extended mention here. The value of the products of these establishments, for the year ending June 1st, 1870, was $150,000. Engine Governors.-Charles A. Conde & Co. are proprietors of an establishment devoted exclusively to the manufacture of steam governors. Files.-The manufacture of files is represented by the establishment of Dratz & Steinhauer, 258 South Pennsylvania street. Cast-Iron eail Boxes.-Reitz & Allen, owners of the patent, are manufacturers of a patent cast-iron mail box, an invention for which superiority over other similar devices is claimed, and for which an extended demand is reported. Brass Foundries.-The "Eagle Brass Works" and the "Phenix Brass Foundry" are two well known and prosperous establishments of extensive resources and capacities, devoted to the manufacture of plumbers' goods, gas and steam fittings, bells, and so forth, throughout the nomenclature of brass manufactures. Copper.-The manufacture of the various descriptions of copper ware, exclusively, is carried on by William Langenskamp, at iNo. 96 South Delaware street. The manufacture of copper products forms also a part of the business of each of the under-mentioned tin and copper ware manufacturers. Tin and Copper Ware.-The manufacture of tin and copper ware is carried on by a large number of establishments, principal among which are: E. Johnson & Co.; D. Root & Co.; Tutewiler Bros; Johnston Bros.; R. L. McOuat; Jacob Vegtie; Charles Con; Wolfram Bros.; and Meyers & Martin. The number of workmen employed andthe amount of capital invested in the business, and value of the products, make this a prominent branch of Indianapolis manufactures. FURNITURE. The present furniture-manufacturing firm of Spiegel & Thoms was the pioneer establishment of this description, and began its prosperous career in 1855. This manufactory has outgrown all resemblance to the diminutive establishment of 16 years ago, and this interest in general has grown in the same proportion. For the manufacture of furniture this location has an unusual combination of advantages-peculiar advantages in the respects of abundant supplies of cheap material, cheap production, and a ready outlet for the manufactured products. The census reports show eighteen establishments of this description, representing an aggregate capital of $409,050; employing 326 hands, and producing furniture last year to the value of $475,290. Of these, the heaviest establishments are Spiegel, Thorns & Co.; Indianapolis Chair Factory; and Cabinet Makers' Union These are very extensive and prosperous establishments. 356 MANUFACTURES. GLASS. The establishment of the Indianapolis Glass Works, in February, 1]870, was as well a prudent investment for its proprietors as a valuable and needed addi-tion to the productive industry of Indianapolis. For, by reason of the proximity, in abundance and cheapness. of the requisite materials for the manufacture of glass, of the shipping facilities for the manufactured articles, and of the large field of trade naturally and readily supplied from this place, the manufacture of glass can be more profitably engaged in here than at most of the points celebrated for this class of production. The present establishment is owned by Messrs. Butsch & Dickson, F. Ritzinger, Charles Brinkman, and.os. Deschler. It is an extensive concern, having a capital of $100,000, and employing eighty-one hands. The value of its products last year was $135,000. The range of production is hollow ware-such as druggists' green glassware, various sizes and descriptions of bottles, fruit jars of different patterns, and so forth. This undertaking is only a move in the right direction. It has confirmed by experience what was theoretically apparent before-that the manufacture of glass can be profitably engaged in here in competition with the older and more recognized manufacturing points. With all the conditions of prosperity for manufactures in this field, with the early and large success of the present initial undertaking, it follows that this interest should, and will at an early date, occupy the whole field of glass manufacture. ,GI2U E. The manufacture of this article is engaged in by John H. Goas & Co. The establishment-the Indiaeapolis Glude Manu?factory-is located on the Michigan road, opposite Camp Morton. This manufactory employs twelve hands. This initial experiment in the manufacture of glue here has been a success, and invites further investments in the same manufacturing interest. It is shown ,that a superior article can be made here and profitably sold at the best rates offered by competing manufacturers elsewhere located. sADDLES, HARNESS, ETC. This interest is represented by thirteen establibhments, according to the recent zensus, employing an aggregate of sixty. eight hands, and producing, last year, -merchandise to the value of $161,690. The leading establishments are those of James Sulgrove, A Hereth, George K. Share & Co., James M. Huffer, Frauer, Beeler & Co., D. Sellers & Co. The products of the Indianapolis harness manufacturers are in excellent standi-ng,with the trade; and it is generally known that the -business can be profitably conducted here, in competition with other prominent manufacturing points. HtUMAN HAIR MANUFACTURES. There are five establishments of this class:: F. J Medina, Mrs. S. L. Stevens, M. EH. Spades, Muir & Foley, and J. T. Mahorney. The aggregate value of their pro ducts last year is reported at $40,000; and the total numiber of hands employed, at twenty-four. The range of articles made by these establishments embrace the entire list: such as wigs, toupees, switches, curls, chignons, braids, puffs, front bands, etc. the material used by all of them being human hair only..None of them are en :357 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIrS. LEATHER AND BELTING. gaged, either wholly or in part, in the manufacture of articles out of the various substitutes for and imitations of human hair. The census reports six manufactures classable under the above title, having an aggregate capital of $60,000, and employing sixty hands. The aggregate value of the products of these last year is reported at $200,000. Leather.-John Fishback, corner of Sixth street ancd Michigan roadr is extensively engaged in the manufacture ef the various deseriptions of shoe and saddle leather. The products of his tannery rank with the best in the west and northwest. Frederick Will, East Washington street, also manufactures good qualities of shoe and saddle leather. Sheepskin Tanners.-MI. Doherty & Co; and G. W. Borst, are extensive tanners of sheep skins, and manufacture what are known to the trade as pink linings and pad skins. Their products are of'superior quality. Leather Belting.-The houses of Moony & Co., and the Hide, Leather and. Belting Co., are manufacturers of this article; and the merits of their goods are attested by the great demand for them, which is almost always ahead of the supply. LIGHTNING POL. This interest is represented here by the Indiana Lihitzfneg Rod Company. In 1856, Mr. David Munson invented and patented a copper, tubular, spiral, flanged lightning rod. The necessary steps to secure him in his invention having been taken, a manufcetory was opened at No. 62 East Washington street. In 1857, Mr. Munson took into partnership Josiah Locke, and for two years the business was most successfully carried on. The succeeding threee years, at the end of which the partnership terminated,;were not marked with the success of the former two, and after the dissolution, of the firm in 1863, the disturbance of trade resulting from the war, nearly destroyed Mr. Munson's enterprise. Subsequently he was enabled to revive his manufactory and restore it to a prosperous footing. In 1866, when the business was established, the capital of the concern was only $1,000, which was increased to over $10,000 in 1863, when the dissolution of partnership took place. Recently Mr. Munson has invented and patented an improvement on all the other rods, which he calls the'"Diamond Elliptic,,' and the superiority of which, fittedc with his patent tip, he is ready to demonstrate. MIr. Munson's manufactory era. ploys seven hands. Value of products last year, $18,000.. LILNSEED. OIL. This interest is represented by the extensive and flourishing manufactory of I. P. Evans & Co., located on south Delaware street, and established in 1864. It is furnished with the machinery and appliances of a first class establisment, and has the capacity to crush eight hundred bushels of flax seed daily. During half of the year about fifty hands are employed. The value of the products of this manufactory, last year, is reported at $160,000. This was less by at least $75,000 than the business done in the previous year, by reason of a short flax crop. LUMBER. The lumber manufacturing interest of the city is divisible into two classesthe saw mnills, which manufacture hard lumber from the logs direct; and the planing. 358 MANUFACTURES. mills, which take the undressed soft lumber and fashion it into the regular forms and styles for building purposes, into doors, sash, blinds, and other portions of the woodwork of structures. There are a number of saw mills here for the manufacture of lumbar from the logs brought into the city from the surrounding neighborhood; but as logs are most profitably sawed in the near vicinity of the place where the timber grows, or where water transportation can be employed, the saw mills here occupy a limited field compared with the lumber trade of the city. Five manufactories of this description are reported, employing 29 hands, and sawing lumber last year to the value of $213,800. The Planing Mills, working in imported soft lumber, occupy a larger field. there being a number of extensive establishments of this kind in the city. The reported product of our planing mills last year was $515,646. Number of hands employed, 213. MARBLE WORKERS. This branch of manufactures, or rather of art, is represented by seven firms. The capacities of some of these are equal to the highest requirements of art in the fashioning of tombstones, monuments, etc. There are employed by these establishme-nts 47 workmen; the aggregate value of their products last year was $160,300 PAPER. This interest is represented by two large establishments-the Indianapolis Paper Mill and the Caledonia Pa,.er Mill. The former, devoted to the manufacture of printing and wrapping paper, was started in 1863 by J. McLene and John McIntyre, Esqs., and is now owned by Messrs. H. Saulsbury, M. E. Vinton, W. H. Talbott and J. McLene, under the style of H. Saulsbury & Co. The Caledonia Paper Mill, devoted to the manufacture of wrapping paper, was established in 1864 by Messrs. Gay & Braden. It is now owned by Messrs. Field, Locke & Co. Both of the above undertakings have proven profitable, and their products are in ready demand. The following shows the resources, extent, and value of the products of these two establishments during the past year: Caledonia Paper Mill, capital, $40,000, average number of hands employed 27; value of products, $50,000. H. Saulsbury & Co., capital, $50,000, average number of hands employed 55; value of products, $110,000 PIANOS. The Indianapolis Piano Manufacturing Company, of which W. J. H. Robinson is manager and principal stockholder, established in 1862, is now the only representative of this branch of manufacturing industry in this city. The other ventures, which were afterwards discontinued, were by J. H. Kappes & Co., George F. Trayser & Co., and C. A. Gerold & Co. The Indianapolis Piano Manufactory, an extensive, successful, and permanently established institution, is located on the corner of South New Jersey and Merrill streets, having been removed to this location during the past year from its previous site on East Washington street. This enterprise has had rather an eventful and chequered history, but has been carried safely through its "dark hours," and is now entirely "out of the wilderness." 359 The advantages of this point, by nature, for such an undertaking were superior from the first, and have since been greatly augmented by increased shipping facilities. The best of lumber for the manufacture of pianos was directly al hand, giving this enterprise a large advantage over the Eastern manufactories, whose distance from the source of lumber supply greatly enhances the cost of production. But the advantages in respect of materials and shipping facilities were long neutralized by the stubborn impression that superior pianos could only emanate from an eastern manufactory. There was a magic in the familiar names of eastern pianos that a home enterprise had not, and which it has not been easy to dispel. The conductors of this manufactory have resolutely persisted in their undertaking; have paid liberally for the best skilled labor attainable; have been sedulous to make their pianos speak their own recommendation; and at length have the satisfaction to know that a great many people are no longer skeptical as to the ability of a home establishment to make a good instrument. This establishment is thoroughly supplied with approved machinery and the requisite appliances and facilities for the manufacture of pianos. Nothing essential to the production of a superior instrument-one requiring so much of nicety in construction-seems to be neglected here. Great care is taken that the wood shall be thoroughly seasoned, and that the several parts of the instrument shall be scientifically and durably joined.together. While due attention is given to finish, and ornamentation-to the appearance of the instruments-the more important consideration of music-producing quality and capacities is not neglected. For the reasons stated, the Indianapolis Piano Manufacturing Company are quite justified in their pretensions of ability to furnish to western patrons pianos equal in quality to those of eastern manufacturers, and at less cost. The freight on a piano from the East to this section is no slight addition to its cost; for which reason, chiefly, we are assured that as much as $75.00 can be saved by purchasing a piano made at this establishment instead of one of eastern manufacture. The capital of the concern is $75,000; number of workmen employed, thirtyfive; value of products last year, $120,600. The recent ratio of increase indicates a business of $250,000 to $275,000 during the present year; and the number of workmen will be increased to about forty-five. PUMPS. There are several establishments devoted to this branch of production in this city. The principal manufactory of this kind is that of R. A. Durbon & Co., on South Meridian street. This establishment is devoted exclusively to the manufacture of the several parts of a patent pump owned by Mr. Durbon, and having a national reputation for its superior excellence. Its prominent points of superiority are: durability, neatness, ease with which it works, however deep the well; immunity from freezing in the coldest weather, and comparative cheapness. As before stated, the demand for this pump extends all over the country. SEWING MACHINES. The first, and as yet the only, Sewing Machine company to take the benefit of the superior advantages of this city for locating a manufactory here, is the Wheeler & Wilson Company. Their manufactory, a branch of the principal manufactory at Bridgeport, Connecticut, is located in the north-eastern suburb of the city half a mile from the corporation line. It was completed in March of last year 360 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLRS. MANUFACTURES. and occupies a site six acres in extent, of which the building covers about two acres. The cost of the site and improvements has been about $50,000. A projected enlargement of these buildings, to be completed during the present year, will cost about $30,000 more. The number of workmen now employed is seventy-five; which number will be increased, when the proposed enlargement shall have been completed, to two hundred. The present scope of the manufactory is the sawing and cutting of the wood work of the machines, which is then shipped to the principal manufactory at Bridgeport, Connecticut, for the finishing operations, and to be united with the other parts of the machine. After the enlargement of the malnufactory, before mentioned, all the cabinet work of the machines will be fashioned and finished here, and then shipped to the principal manufactory. The annual value of the products of the enlargei inanufactory will be about $500,000. That this is the best point in the West for a cabinet manufactory is corroborated by the prosperity of this enterprise. Easy access is afforded to all the best walnut and poplar lumber regions of the State, and the facilities are equally as good for shipment of the manufactured products. SODA AND SELTZER WATER, ETC. The census returns give three establishments engaged in the manufacture of soda water, seltzer water, etc., employing an aggregate of twenty-two hands. The value of their products last year is reported at $35,000. RECTIFICATION OF DISTILLED SPIRITS. Tnere are no distilleries here (but one is course of erection three miles west of the city), and comparatively few rectifyers. There are three rectifying houses: Hahn & Bals, Thomas F. Ryan, and D. Martin. The capital employed by these is reported at $65,000; the number of hands, at twelve; and the value of their products for the past year, at $116,000: STARCH. This interest is represented here by one extensive establishment: the Union Starch Ianufactory. This enterprise was inaugurated early in 1867, by an association composed of W. F. Riel, Charles F. Wishemeyer, Edward Lueller, and Henry Burke, with a cash capital of $75,000. An appropriate site was secured at the east end of New York street; and by the end of the year 1867, the buildings had been erected and fitted with suitable machinery, and the manufacture of starch begun. The enterprise thus instituted had a prosperous existence until October 1868, when the establishment was destroyed by fire, involving a loss of $15,000 in excess of insurance. The company at once rebuilt and restocked the works, and the business was resumed within a few weeks after the fire. Prosperity has attended the undertaking. The products of this manufactory have found a ready demand, and by this experiment it has been clearly shown that a superior quality of starch can be profitably made here, at prices as low as any competition can afford. VARNISH. The Capital City Varnish WVorks, corner of MIississippi and Kentucky Avenue, were established in 1866, by H. B. Mears. The firm name is now Mears & 361 Lilly (H. B. Rears and J. O. D. Lilly). The range of production covers everything in the way of varnishes, Japans, stains, &c. The establishment has been a success from the first; and though there are about twenty-two similar mnanufactories in the West, the products of this are in such good repute that they are sold throughout a large area of territory-from Eastern Ohio to the remote far West, and from Michig,an to New Orleans. They are sold largely in Cincinnati, where there are four similar manufactories, and in Chicago, where are three or four. The capital of the concern is about $40,000; number of hands employed, five; value of products last year, $52,000. Mr. Mears recently made an extensive tour of observation of the more celebrated English varnish manufactories, for the sake of improving the products of his own. Another varnish factory, on a smaller scale, has recently been established by Ebuer, Kramer & Aldag. STONE. The business of dressing limestone, of which unlimited quantities, of the most desirable qualities, are cheaply and readily obtained from surrounding quarries, for building, masonry, and like purposes, is represented by a number of establishments in this city. The principal establishments of this kind are those of Scott, Nicholson & Co., S. Goddard & Sons, Smith, Ittenbach & Co., and F. L. Farman. Articial Stone,-Two manufactories of patent artificial stone have recently been inaugurated in this city by J. T. Macauley & Co. and H. B. & D. R. Pershing. The first named establishment is devoted to the production of the Lefler patent cement stone, which is moulded into any desired shape, and is used for all sorts of building purposes, plain or ornamental. It has the color of finely dressed granite, can be made at somewhat less than half the cost of the dressed granite, and, it is claimed, will resist all the effects of time and of the elements. Pershing & Pershing manufacture the Freer patent artificial stone, for which like virtues and cheapness to those ascribed to the Lefter patent are claimed. It is of the color of sand stone. These interests, natural and artificial stone, represent a capital of about $75,000, and employ about ninety-five hands. Reported value of products for the past year, $150,000. TRUNKS. The manufacture of Trunks is yet a young interest; but the obvious advantages of this site for the cheap production of this class of articles, cannot fail to attract the investment of capital on a much larger scale than has yet been the case. There are six establishments of this kind, giving employment to about thirty hands, and producing last year about $50,000 worth of trunks. WHITE LEAD AND COLORS. The fact that there was no manufactory of paints in the State, the facilities for profitably making them here, and the extensive market that could be more readily and cheaply supplied from this point than from any other, led Messrs. T. B. McCarty and HIorace Scott, less than two years ago, to establish the Indianapolis Paint Works. There was no risk in the undertaking; the "opening" for such an investment was particularly apparent; and the wonder is that it did not sooner attract the investment of capital, and that it has not been more fully occupied. The manufactory was equipped in a first class manner, the best quality of skill HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLX$. 362 W A NUFA OTUPES. ed labor has been employed, and almost from the first the establishment has been unable to supply the demand for its products. The white lead and colors ground and prepared here are in request over a wide area of country, alike because of their merits and the favorable prices at which they can be sold and shipped. Number of hands employed, twelve; value of products last year, $90,000. The extensive trade whibch could be most cheaply and readily reached from this point invites additional and larger investments here in this branch of manufactures. THE WOODBURN "A SAREN W'BEEL":FAOTORY. This manufactory is one of the most extensive of the kind in the country. It is located on South Illinois street, one square south of Union Depot, and is the oldest manufactory in the city. It was started in 1847 by C. H. Crawford & J. R. Osgood, for making lasts and other shoemakers' implements, and was then located near the site of the Union Depot. Six years later Mr. Crawford retired from the establishment, leaving Mr. Osgood as the only proprietor. The latter shortly afterward added the manufacture of staves and flour barrels to his other business. Finding his building too small, he erected on the present site of his establishment a three-story brick building, twenty-five by one hundred feet. This location, now in the heart of the city, was then in the open country, and it was deemed a hazardous investment in that day to locate so considerable an establishment so far from the business portion of the city. The manufacture of wooden hubs was added in i866, when Mr. L. M. Bugby was admitted into the firm. Mr. S. i. Smith was admitted as an equal partner in 1866, and the manufacture of wagon and carriage materials was added. Thus began what has grown to be a very extensive business not only in this city but in the State at large, employing more than $1,000,000 capital. In February, I864, their establishment was destroyed by fire, involving a loss of $20,000. Within ninety days the manufactory had been rebuilt on a larger scale than before. In the year I165 Messrs. Woodburn & Scott, of St. Louis, who had been doing a large business in the manufitcture of wheels of various kinds, and who, in connection with a New Haven firm, had the exclusive right to manufacture the celebrated "Sarven Patent Wheel," and had expended large sums in its introduction, disposed of all their patents and business to Messrs. Osgood & Smith. In order to obtain the requisite capital to conduct this extension of their business. Messrs. Osgood & Smith disposed of a one-third interest to Messrs. Nelson & HaynesT a wealthy house in Alton, Ill., who opened an establishment in St. Louis for the mnanufacture of wagon materials. The St. Louis house was known as Haynes, Smith, Co.; the Indianapolis firm, as Osgood, Smith 4 Co. Subsequently Mr. Woodburn purchased the interest of Messrs. Nelson & Haynes, and the St. Louis house then took the firm name of IVoodburn, Smnith 4' Co. At different times since, J. S. Yost, V. Rothrock and J. F. Pratt have been pro_ moted from employes to members of the Indianapolis house. In 1869 the establishment obtained a controlling interest in the manufactory at Massac, Ill., for making carriage materials, a step- that was taken for the purpose of supplying the St. Louis house withrmaterials. In the same year they bought a large tract of timbered land in Orange county, Indiana, and erected a saw mill there to supply the Indianapolis manufactory with lumber. In 1870, the concern was transformed into a joint stock company, under the name of the Woodbutn " Sarven Wheelt " Company, with a capital of $250,000i mak 363 HOLLOWA S INDIANAPOLFS. ing no change in the proprietorship, other than before stated. Since then the man ufacture of the Sarven Patent Wheel has been a specialty. A busy and useful life was terminated by the death of the senior proprietor, Mr. J. R. Osgood, in June, 1871. The present officers of the Company are: Jacob Woodburn, President; S. F. Smith, Vice President and Treasurer; J. S. Yost, Assistant Secretary aud Treasurer; J. F. Pratt, Secretary; V. Eothrock, Superintendent. The Woodburn "Sarven Wheel"'Company are now making wheels of all kinds, from those for the lightest buggy, weighing no more than eighty pounds, to those for heavy omnibuses and wagons; and now propose to apply the principle of their patent to railway cars. Their wheels find their way in large quantites to all parts of the United States. In addition to wheels, they manufacture carriage materials of all descriptions, plow handles, etc. The success of this establishment is due as well to the advantages of its location as to the efficiency of its management. Indiana occupies a peculiar position not only to this country, both East and West, but to other parts of the world, in its ability to supply to so great an extent such splendid timber for carriages, wagons and agricultural machinery. The supply in the Eastern States of timber for fine carriage work is being rapidly exhausted, so that the best manufacturers are now getting their choice timber from the West. It is a noteworthy fact that there is no carriage and wagon timber to be found in all the vast extent of country between the Mississippi river and the Roclky Mountains; and that the supply for this imm,ense prairie country, so rapidly filling up and developing, must come from a small belt of country of which Indiana is the center. This fact, in its bearings uapon the fuiture, is now engaging the serious attention of manufacturers. We have dwelt upon this enterprise at some length because of its being so triumphant an illustration of the great advantages of this point for manufacturing purposes; and because Mr. Woodburn may be considered the pioneer of this business in the West. In 1848, he and a fellow workman left Newark, New Jersey to seek their fortunes in the West, each bringing with him a spoke lathe. One settled in Cincinnati and the other in St. Louis. Commencing business without means they worked their way up. They made the first spokes ever manufactured by machinery west of the Alleghany Mountains, and thus started the immense business now being done throughout the entire west; and the substitution of machinery, thus-introduced, for hard labor, has diminished the cost of this class of products from fifty to seventy-five per cent. The capital stock of the concern is $350,000; number of hands employed, one hundred and eighty; value of products last year, $250,000. WOOLEN' MANUFACTURES. This interest in Indianapolis has shared the general prosperity of its manufacturing interests due to advantages of location, superior shipping facilities, and so forth. In addition to these it has had a special eause of prosperity in the great improvement of recent years of the wool product of this region; so that the woolen fabrics manufactured here have acquired a high repute throughout the country This increase in the prosperity, capacities and resources of our mills, has created an increased demand for wool, and thus built up an extensive wool market here. The present extensive woolen mill of Merritt & Coughlen, at the west end f Washington street, was established by them in 1856. Its growth is a type of the :364 MANUFA CTURE$. growth of the city. Yrom an affair of small consequence, it has become an estab. lishment of the first class. It has been enlarged from time to time, and now has three sets of machinery, of the largest size, and of the most recent and approved patterns. Forty hands, on the average, are employed. The products are cassimeres, flannels, jeans, blankets etc. These rank with the best products of the principal woolen mills of the country. The present investment of capital is about $100,000; value of products last year, $200,000. The Hoosier Woolen Factory, located near that of Merritt & Coughlen, established in 1847 by Messrs. C. E. & G. W. Geisendorff, is now owned and operated by C. E. Geisendorff & Co. Successive improvements and enlargements have made their establishment extensive and complete. Its range of production embraces the various descriptions of woolen fabrics, several of which have obtained great celebrity for their peculiar points of excellency. The investment of capital is about $125,900.; number of hands emnplevo4, fifty; value ef products last year, $125,000. 265 STATISTICAL EXHIBIT I SHIOWItG THE VAL-UR of the Products of the principal Manufacturing Industries of Indianapolis, the amount of capital invested and number of hands employed, as obtained fiom the late Census returns and other sources, for the year ending June 1st, 1870; ompared with the like exhibit of the Manufactur-es of Iniianopolir and Mlarion Counfy for the year ending June 1, 1860, as shown by the Census of the latter date. Amount of Capital Invested.. Number of Hands Employed. MANUJFACTURES. Year ending Year ending Year ending Year ending Year ending June 1, 1860. June 1, 1870. June 1 186(0. June 1, 1870. June 1, 1860. Agricultural Implements...................................................................... Bakers' Products..................................................................................7 Blacksmithing..................................................................................... Boots and Shoes.................................................................................... Book-binding, etc................................................................................ Boxes.................................................................................................. Brooms................................................................................................. Brass Founding................................................................................... Brick.................................................................................................... Carpentry..................................................................................059 Confectionery....................................................................................... Cigars and Tobacco............................................................................... Carriages and Wagons........................................................................... Cement Pipe, etc.................................................................................... Clothing................................................................................................ Cooperage............................................................................................ Cotton Manufactures........................................................................... Coffee andSpices.................................................................................. Dentistry........................................................................................... Fe rmented Liquors......................................................................... Fertilizing Products............................................................................. Furniture............................................................................................. F'ur Goods....................................................................... F'our................................................................, Ironr Castings, Machinery, Engines, etc............................................... Gas.................................................................................,...................... Glue..................................................................................................... Glass....................................................................130. HIarness and Saddlery........................................................................... tlumnan Ilair Goods............................................................................... Lightning Rods.................................................................................... Leathet and Belting............................................................................. Linseed Oil.......................................................................................... Luum,ber (sawed).................................................................................... Millinery........................................................... 0 t, ci i i 11 I i 1 -7 Value of 1roduets. Ye,,tr endit,g Jiiu,3 1, 1870. 92,000 58,800 36,000 50,800 57.452 7,800 18,000 28,000 150,000, 134,800 64,275 11(i,400 589,(iO7 15,0-00 115,200 150,000 150,COO 20,000 30,COO 276,500 25,000 409,050 10,(,OO 3711,5(,O 660,000 400,000 10,000 60,000 4.5,000 10,000 4,000 160,000 100,000 44,000 ,500 $41,400 2,400 25,000 5:0(,o 12,500 250 1,000 83,100 150,000 7,1, 67 45 113 114 34 . 23 17 325 229 34 161 351 10 256 164 56 5 35 56 7 32C, 15 74 687 75 12 81 68 20 7 60 17 29 45 28 i' 7 12 3 so 8 i6 y 1 ... 29 119 2 ... 6 $105,750 349,386 75,000 137,672 245,000 42,500 23,932 38,000 225,000 391,075 135,192 290,660 715,250 20,500 460,940 46(1,900 300,000 70,000 60,000 286,670 21,500 475,290 16,550 1,656,300 1,190,353 250,OC,O 12,000 135,000 161,690 40,000 18,000 200,000 168,000 413,800 50,000 $33,000 Y.,', 6 (i:505 30,000 4,000 20,490 5,900 3", 7,000 150,000 2, VALUE OF PRODUCTS,36 *.1..-............. -..: ~:~:i. .. —.-~ -- ::-:::::::::0::- ::~:: IIII:::0 0,:s: - -~~ ~~ - - -. : : . :: ; -- C C - C C C Co - C C C C I i i I i i i i 367 I Is w"'. -. N.,. " - C;.2. " " 0.-O.. 11 11, 11 -1 11 ;4 to E-4 HOLLO WAY'S INDIANA POLLS. TRADE. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. This branch of merchandise is represented by sixteen dealers and manufacturers, not including manufacturing establishments where parts only of certain agricultural implements are made. As the commercial center of an extensive agricultural region, this city does a large business in agricultural implements; which is rapidly growing in proportionI to the increasing use of labor-saving machines by agriculturists. The aggregate transactions of the past year are reported at $755,687. Principal dealers are the following: W. L. Sherwood, reapers, mowers and threshers; J. George Stilz, agricultural implements generally, seeds, etc.; Carlos Dickson & Co., woollen factor findings, etc., etc., Case & Parker, a general business in agricultural implements; A. L. Webb, agricultural implements, seeds, etc; J. Braden, agricultural implements generally; H. J. Prier, reapers, mowers, agricultural implements in general; Ilouck, Spencer & Co., agricultural implements generally; R. L. Lukens, ditto. BOOKS AND STATIONERY. Though the introduction of the book trade of the city dates back to an early period in the history of the latter, it is but a few years since it attained to any considerable magnitude. The first house that made any pretensions in the wholesale way, was that of H. F. West & Co., located on the site of the present extensive house of Bowen, Stewart & Co. In the last year of the firm of West & Co.-1853-their aggregate sales reached $30,000. In 1854, as before stated, the establishment of West & Co. passed into the possession of Stewart & Bowen in September. The old and well-known house of Merrill & Co. was founded by Samuel Merrill in 1850; that of Todd & Carmichael in 1863. As late as 1860 the wholesale trade had grown but little; its aggregate for that year not exceeding $45,000 to $50,000. Its growth since that time has been large, continuous and permnanet in its character. The aggregate of the transactions during the past year was $556,000; an increase of about 15 per cent. over the previous year. The increase in the bulk of the business done was considerably more by reason of the decline in prices. The shrinkage in values-which set in after the close of the war, and continued during the past year-has applied to all descriptions of paper stationery, and so forth; and to imported articles, in proportion to the steady decline in the gold premium. As to books, etc., where the chief value is not imparted by the materials used, but grows out of the cost of contents and of the skilled labor requisite to their production, the decline in prices, has been less, partly by reason of the loss, not yet repaired, in skilled labor on account of the war; and partly through the influence of trades' unions and other combinations to keep up or advance the cost of the manufacturing. Nevertheless the business of the year has, upon the whole, been prosperous. The shrinkage in values has been so gradual that, with prudent management, financial " breakers" have been avoided, though profits have necessarily been smaller. Collections here averaged well during the year; but are more difficult in the beginning of the present season. Bowen, stewart & Co., Nos. 16 and 18 West Washington street; Merrill & Co., Blackford's block; Todd, Carmichael and Williams, Glenns' block; and J. H. V. Smith, Yohn's block, are the principal houses in this branch of trade. 36S TRADE. The fields occupied by these establishments are not alike. That of Bowen, Stewart & Co. covers the whole extent of the general book and stationery business; but current publications and educational text books are made special features. That of Merrill & Co. embraces the general book and stationery trade; but especial prominence is given-to law books, etc. Messrs. Todd, Carmichael & Williams give especial attention to works of a religious and denominational character, and to publications designed for the religious and general education of the youngschool and Sunday-school books, etc. Mr. Smith does a general business; with educational and religious works, especially Methodist denominational publications, as a specialty. BOOTS AND SHOES. The present large jobbing trade in this branch of merchandise is almost entirely the growth of the last ten years The first exclusively wholesale house that of E. C. Mayhew & Co. (E. C. Mayhew and James M. Ray), was established in 1855. In 1860 the wholesale business was limited to two houses: E. C. Mayhew & Co., and V. K. Hendricks & Co. The aggregate sales at wholesale that year did nob exceed $175,000. As late as the year 1865 the wholesale trade had made but little headway. Business was obtained with difficulty, confined within a limited area of territory, and embraced the least desirable class of patronage within that, limited area. Since then the improvement has been remarkable. The field of operations has been greatly extended in all directions. Within these extended limits it is now the rule of retailers to purchase their stocks here instead of the evception, as was formerly the case. In other words, a large and desirable trade comes here without special solicitation, because it is profitable to do so; while a few years ago extraordinary efforts were necessary to secure a small and inferior patronage. The great growth of the Boot and Shoe business is shown in the trans actions of the past year, which aggregate $1,709,000. The jobbers here have no difficulty in competing with any of their rivals; offering at least equal, frequentLy better, inducements as to styles and prices. The additional claim is made by them,, and is sustained, that they surpass competitors in the respect that their stocks are peculiarly adapted to the wants of the market in Indiana and Illinois. During the past year trade has been active, and there has been a gradual decline, in prices. The estimated increase of business during the year is about 15 per cent... attended by a like increase in the aggregate capital invested. For the greater part, of the year collections were moderately well kept up; but during the winter more~ difficulty was experienced. On the whole the year has been a prosperous one, and, the prospect ahead is promising. The number of dealers reported is twenty-four. The principal houses are: J. C. Burton, Vinnedge & Jones, Mayhew, Branham & Co.; Hendricks, Edmunds & Co., Mayhew, Warren & Co., Kingsbury & Co. — chiefly located on South Meridian street. CARPETS, WALL PAPSR, ETC. The carpet trade, unlike most other branches of business, has few exclusively wholesale dealers anywhere. The heaviest dealers therein, in New York and otherlarge cities, do a retail as well as a wholesale business. The nature of the article, and of the demand resultant therefrom, compels dealers to fill individual orders as well as orders in bulk. Wholesale operations, of noteworthy account. in carpets, may be said to have; (24) 369 HOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLIS. been instituted in 1866, by the present extensive and well-known house of fume, Adams & Co. The growth of the business here has been sudden and rapid-in harmony with the growth and progress of the carpet-manufacturing interest in this country. In no respect have American skill and resources been shown to better advantage, and with better results, than in the manufacture of carpets-not of the cheaper grades, but of the better kinds. In the manufactories at Philadelphia, Lowell, Hartford, Yonkers and other points are produced "Axminster," "Brussels" and other varieties of woolen carpets, that are equal in every way-frequently superior in point of style-to the best specimens of English and French manufacture. The progress made in this species of American manufactures has been very gratifying. For once it is useless to buy a foreign article in order to obtain a superior article. One effect of this successful competition of the American manufacturer has been to greatly stimulate the purchase of the better grades. Mere or less of fine carpets is now found in a majority of dwellings. Prices during the past year steadily and largely declined-a continuance of the shrinkage in values that began after the close of the war. It is believed that the decline has reached its minimum. The present prices, at which the market is firm, seem to be as low as the articles can be produced, and no further natural shrinkage of values can therefore reasonably be expected. Prices of wall-paper were generally steady during the year. The business of 1870, under this head, was one of great prosperity. The esti~mated increase was 33 per cent. over that of the previous year. By reason of the decline in prices, profits were often very slender; but, on the other hand, collections -were very good. The future prospects are promising in a high degree. The stocks kept here, in respect of magnitude, varieties, styles, qualities, prices, and so forth, are quite capable of withstanding competition; and the ancient practice of going somewhere else than here, when a particularly elegant pattern might be wanted, or in expectationof getting better terms, has gone out of date. The aggregate transactions of 1870 are reported at $510,000. Principal houses are: Hume, Adams & Co., 47 and 49 South Meridian street; .A. Gall, 101 East Washington street; W. H. Roll, 38 South Illinois. CLOTHING. The wholesale clothing trade in this city had its beginning about eight years ago-the pioneer house being that of Dessar, Bro. & Co. The growth of these eight years is full of encouragement. The trade that has been built up covers a ,wide extent of territory, within which the Indianapolis dealers secure their full share of patronage. The business of the past year shows a good increase. Prices during the year were steady as to the better grades; medium and the lower grades declined slightly; French cloths advanced on account of the war. The sales last year aggregated $1,779,805. The principal wholesale houses are: Dessar, Bro. & Co., Hays, Rosenthal & -Co., Mossler Bros. (wholesale and retail). COAL. Of the peculiar merits and adaptation of the Indiana coal to the purposes of .manufacturing, mention is made in the observations upon manufacturing on another ,page. The receiptsof Indiana coal in this city have increased many fold during 370 371 the past few years, consequent upon the better development of the coal fields. The traffic in anthracite coal is, for the most part, the creation of but a few years past. The receipts of Indiana coal in Indianapolis for the year 1870 aggregated about eighty-eight thousand tons. Of this about thirty thousand tons were shipped to other points; the remainder was consumed in this city and vicinity. The prime cost, by the car-load, including freight, delivered in this city, during the past year, has averaged about $(6,50 per ton. The present price, ccmpared with that of one year ago, shows a decline of about 25 per cent. The receipts of Pittsburg and anthracite coal in this city during the year 1870 were about thirty-five thousand tons. The average price of Pittsburg coal during the past year has been about $5.00 per ton; and the price was squite steady during that period. The present price of anthracite coal, compared with that of a year ago, in this city, shows a decline of about $1.50 per ton. The coal trade of this city during the past year may be stated in round numbers at $550,000. The current year will bring a largely increased importation of Indiana coal; , ratio of increase that will be maintained for a number of years. In the past the measure of this importation has been the carrying capacity of but one railway-the old Terre Haute 4 Indianapolis line. Recently three new railway lines, radiating from this city, have been opened through the coal fields, and a fourth is projected. The development of the coal resources in the regions penetrated by these lines will rapidly follow-will go on increasing for many years, and the amount mined and shipped to and through this city will multiply in proportion. CONFECTIONERY. The wholesale business in confectionery was begun, in any noteworthy degree, by Daggett & Co. in 1856. The increase of this business in the succeeding years has been commensurate with that of most other branches of commerce. The products of our confectionery manufactories are noted for their exceptional freedom from unwholesome impurities, imparted by the use of injurious chemicals; and for this reason, particularly, command a ready and extended sale. Every variety of confectionery can be found here, as well as excellent qualities. The past year was one of great prosperity to this interest. The increase in the amount of business was about 30 per cent. During the early part of the year there was a considerable decline in values; afterward pric(s were steady to the end of the year. Profits were generally better than during the previous year. Collections were fair up to Christmas; but since then have been more difficult. Principal houses are those of Daggett & Co., 26 South Meridian street; Dukemineer, Scott and Johnson, 100 South Meridian street-both of whom are manufacturers and dealers& DRUGS. The jobbing trade in this branch of commerce has a greater antiquity than that of most others in this city; though, as in the case of all others, it is but a few years since it attained any considerable magnitude. The wholesale transactions of ,any consequence may be said to have been inaugurated by the house of William Hannaman & Co., in 1,832. The next considerable venture in this respect was by TIZADA HOLL o WA Y'S IND ANAPOLIS. Craighead & Braden (afterward Craighead & Browning); in 1842 and r843. Th, subsequent increase in this trade is one of the best illustrations ot the commercial growth of the city; which can now show somne of the most extensive and prosperous establishments, in the West. The business of the past year shows an increase of 1,2 to 15 per cent. over that of the previous year, and a healthy increase of the capital invested. There has in some exceptional articles, been a steady shrinking in values during the year. By consequence, profits were small; but as the collections were good, the business of the year was, upon the whole prosperous. The destruction of the extensive- perfumery establishments in the neighborhood of Paris by the German army, caused an advance in that class of goods in the summer; but this advance has not been sustained. The transactions of last year foot up $1,661,600. Principal houses are those of Browning & Sloan, 7 and 9 East Washington street; Stewart & Morgan, 140 East Washington street; Kiefer & Vinton, 68 South Meridian'; Haskit & Morris, 14 West Washington; Patterson, Moore & Talbott, 123 South Meridian street. D]RY GOODS. - Of comparatively recent introduction here, the wholesale trade in Dry Goods has attained to a leading prominence in the commerce of the city. Prior to 1860 several houses in the wholesale Dry Goods trade had been established, and after unprosperous existences of greater or less, duration, bad disappeared; so that in that year the only exclusively wholesale house was that of J. A, Crossluand. The aggregate wholesale transactions of 1860 (both of dry goods and notions) did not exceed $200,000. Within the past five or six years this business has had an extraordinary development and increase. The transactions of the past year aggregate $4,542,000. A very large area of territory, extending into Michigan and Illinois, and occasionally much further, has been largely supplied by this market. This foothold has been gained by the simple superiorty of the inducements offered, and over the old-time prejudices that led retailers to assume that the advantages offered here must necessarily be"illferior. In whatever respect, whether as to variety, styles, qualities, prices, and so forth, dealers here can look with great composure on outside competition. The business of 1870 was generally prosperous. The increase in the money value of the transaction was fully 20 per cent.; and the increase in the bulk of goods sold was considerably larger, by reason of the shrinkage in values. One feature of the business was a.partial interruption of the supply of eastern fabrics, resulting in a transient advance in prices, owing to-the suspension of many mantmactories for want of water. One:.effect of the war in Europe was a depression of prices, particularly of cotton goods; as the foreign demand for cotton was very light, and prices declined here in proportion. The demand for flannels has been active, stimulating production by western mnills. The products of these mills are in growing favor with the trade. Woollen cloths have been in good demand. Western mills are manufacturing them in larger quantities than ever before, with- a marked- improvement in quality which is surely bringing them increased favor. Their shawls, especially, are unsurpassed. The West is now manufacturing knit goods. shirts, drawers; hosiery, and all these 372 meet with ready sale. There has been a steady demand for cotton fabrics during the year. The sales of dress goods show a very large increase. IIn prints the market has been steady, and demand fair throughout the year. The increase of capital during the year was about -30 per cent. Profits were fair; but collections were unsatisfactory'and difficult. The present year opened with an improvement on last year's business; but it is yet tv)o early in the season to speak more particularly of the current year's trade. Principal houses a-e: Murphy, Johnson. & Co., southeast corner of Meridian and Maryland streets; Byram, Cornelius &,Co., 104 South Meridian street; Hib ben, Kennedy & Co., 9-7 and 99 South Meridian street; Pettis, Dickson & Co,, Glenns' bloek; N. R. Smith & Co., 26 and'28 West Washington streets F,URNITU, E. The growing wealth and population of the region snppliedby this market, have ,greatly multiplied the demand for the finer descriptions of furniture; and this class of merchandise is largely represented in this city, by both dealers and manufacturers. The total sales of the past year aggregated $749,000. This has now become an important supply market for a large area of territory, embracing not only this State, but extending into Illinois, Missouri, Kansas Noebraska and other Northwestern States. The business of the past year, as to the amount of furniture sold, exhibits an increaseof about 25 per cenLt over that of the previous year; and the increase of capital was about the same. The greater part of the business is represented by manufacturers; for so great are the facilities in this respect that the manufacturer of furniture here can make a fairprofit at prices which leave a very slender margin for the competing dealer who purchases his stocks here or elsewhere. Prices were steady during the past year, profits fair; and collections well kept up. The present year opens with every assurance of a decided improvement on last year's business. The principal establishments rejpresenting the furniture interest are those of Spiegel, Thorns & Co., Cabinet Makers' Union, Burk, Earrshaw & Co., Western Furniture Company Philip D)ohn, Indianapolis Chair Company, N. S. Baker & Co. Of these the last two are dealers; the others manufacturers and dealers; and they represent among them every description of furniture. GRAIN. By reason of the location of this city, in an essentially agricultural region tributary to it by nature, and made more securely so by the railways that radiate from this city at every;point, our grain trade is very large. But the want of the l' Elevator system" here has retarded the growth of the Indianapolis grain trade; has been, and still is, the one great obstacle hindering the city of Indian apols from rising to an eminent rank among the grain markets of the country. A want SQ serious in its consequences, and so readily remedied, will hardly be much longer neglected by the grain dealers and breadstuff manufacturers of this city. Wheat.-The crops of 1868 and 1869 were very heavy, leaving a large surplus an excess of the home consumption. The foreign demand for the surplus of -1868 ws but limited, and for that of 1869 only.aoderate. Prices ruled so low in 1869 TRA.D,B. 373 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. that a large stock was carried over to the next year in expectation of an advance. The crop of 1870 was less than its predecessors as to yield; but at the same time grain was unusually good. Thus when the crop of 1870 was ready for market, the stock of wheat in the United States was far larger than at any previous date.. Early in the month of June, 1870, prices advanced suddenly and considerably. There was a continued improvement throughout the next two months; the quotations of March 1st, and July 1st, 1870, showing a difference in favor of the latter date of about 25 cents per bushel. "This advance was caused in the first place by a large demand from France, where the crop had proved short beyond doubt, and afterward by the commencement of war between France and Prussia, which, it was supposed, would lead to an increased demand for breadstuffs from Europe; and this feeling was strengthened by the rapid advance in gold, which took place in July. But all these anticipations proved incorrect; the demand for breadstuffs did not increase when hostilities began, but really diminished; and the overwhelming successes of the Prussians, with a decline in gold, flattened the market, and caused general disappointment." The advance was soon lost, and prices receded lower than they had been during the year; reacted again on the conclusion of peace between Germany and France, and during the past spring became nearly as high as at any period in the past two years. The aggregate purchases of wheat in this market, for local consumption and shipment, during the year 1870, were about two millions, five hundred thousand bushels, of the aggregate value of about $2,550,000. The following will show the price of prime red wheat in this market on the days named: January 3d, 1870................................... 951 00 February 1st, 1870......................................................................... 1 00 March 1st, 1870............................................................................ 1 301 3 april 1st, 1870.............................................................................. 1 251 30 May 1st, 1870................................................ 1 00 June 1st, 1870...............................................I............. 1 05 July 1st, 1870................................1............................................... 12 August lst, 1870.......................................................................... 1 27 September 1st, 1870.............................................. 1 10 October 1st, 1870............................................................. 1 061 0S November 1st, 1870......................................................................... 1 051 07 December 1st, 1870......................................................................... 1 05001 08 January 1st, 1871............................................. 1 05~1 10 February 1st, 1871................................................ 1 13.1 18 March 1st, 1871............................................................I....... 1 201 25 April 1st, 1871............................................................................. 1 251 30 May 1st, 1871........................................................................... 1 26 2& June 2d, 1871......................................................................... 1 20 July 28th, 1871................................. new red, 1 05l1 10i old red, l 25~1 30 Corn.-The crop of 1869 was very deficient both in quantity and quality, and prices were correspondingly high. The crop of 1870 was the largest ever raised in the country, and of excellent quality; and prices ruled accordingly. The aggre-. gate receipts during the year 1870 were about one million, eight hundred and fifty. thousand bushels; and the average price about fifty cents per bushel. The price on the 31st December, 1869, was. 65 cents; on the 1st August, 1870, 80 cents for 374 shelled; on the 1st, January, 1871, 42~43; on the 1st May, 1871, 47i48, for shelled; on the 30th June, 1871, 50~51, for shelled Oats.-The crop of 1869 was good; that of 1870 large, but inferior in quality. The receipts at this market for the year 1870 are estimated at six hundred thousand bushels. The average price for the year 1870 was about 45 cents. Quotations in 1871: April 6th, 50@53; May 4th, 50@53; June 1st, 48@,50; June 30ths 60065; July 28th, new, 30@35; old, 58(62. GROCERIES. The beginning of the jobbing trade, in this department of merchandise, antedates that of any other in this city. The first wholesale grocery house was established almost seventeen years ago; but, as in all other branches, it is but a few years since the jobbing trade in groceries obtained to any considerable dimensions. In 1860 the firms engaged in this trade were: Andrew Wallace, J. W. Holland, Mills, Alford & Co., Wright, Bates & Maguire, M. Fitzgibbon & Co., A. & H. Schnull. At this time, and for some time after, the patronage of Indianapolis jobbers was circumscribed within extremely narrow limits indeed; and even the patronage of country merchants within these limits was exceptional instead of being the rule-the better class of custom going to Cincinnati. Now all this is changed: the trade has extended in every direction-as far west as Central Illinois; south to the Ohio river, and beyond; east into Ohio; and north to an equal extent. Furthermore, the trade within these extended limits, naturally tributary to this city, comes here. This is now the rule, not an exception, as used to be the case. The inducements being equal, or superior, the retailer naturally seeks the most convenient supply market. The Indianapolis jobber having demonstrated his ability, by reason of the extraordinary advantages of the location and railway commuications of this city, to compete on equal terms, in respect of qualities and prices, with opposition from the eastern cities, the retailer within reasonable distance of this city has more reasons for purchasing here than elsewhere. The aggregate wholesale grocery trade of Indianapolis in the year 1860 did not exceed $400,000. The sales in 1870 foot up $6,443,150. This comparison effectively illustrates the great improvement that has been made in ten years. The increase during the past year was quite satisfactory-perhaps 15 per oent. in the aggregate. The extension, both in trade and capital employed, shows that the onward march still continues, and the prospect is promising as the retrospect is gratifying. The shrinking in values that set in after the close of the war, has gradually continued ever since-not so violently as to derange business or produce bankruptcy, but in a healthy, gradual way, enabling jobbers to adapt their business to the tendency of values. Profits were good, collections well kept up, and but few losses have been sustained. Consequently a judicious as well as a large and increasing trade has been, and is now being, done. Briefly, the advantages of Indianapolis, as a wholesale trading point, as to groceries, may be stated thus: It has a superior location, by reason of an unequaled system of railways, radiating at every point, and penetrating or connecting with all parts of the State and adjoining States, rendering it speedy of access, and facilitating the quick and cheap TRADE., 375 r — delivery of goods. The same superiority of location enables its jobbers to take advantage of competition in freight rates, and deliver goods to their patrons ox better terms than the latter could obtain elsewhere. The stocks are equal to any possible demand in extent and variety. The more prominent exclusively wholesale grocery houses in this city are Crossland, Hanna & Go., southwest corner of Meridian and Maryland streets; Wiles,, Bro. & Co., 149 South Meridian street; Alford, Talbott & Co., 123 South Meridian street; Severin, Schnull & Co., 55 and 57 South Meridian street; Foster, Wiggins & Co., 68 and 70 South Delaware street; Andrew Wallace, 52 and 54 South Delaware street. HATS AND FUR GOODS. Prior to the year 1863 there was no exclusively wholesale house of this description in the city. Early in that year J. M. Talbott & Co., and Donaldson & Carr opened wholesale establishments. Since then the growth of the business has been very rapid-covering much the same extent of territory as other departments of the wholesale business of the city. Of the great inducements offered here the best proof is found in the large patronage that has been secured; for trade, being selfish, bestows its favors where the inducements are greatest. The business done during the past year shows a considerable increase in bulk; but not in the pecuniary aggregate realized, owing to the decline in values. The estimated increase of capital employed during the year is 15 to 20 per cent. The principal firms are: Donaldsn & Stout, Ryan & Talbott, Lelewer & Bro., (fur goods exclusively); Isaac Davis & Co., (wholesale and retail). IRON AND HARDWARE. The first exclusively wholesale iron house in this city-that of Burt, Metcalfe & Over, was established no longer ago than 1865. For several years prior to that date, the establishments of W. J. Holliday & Co., and of Pomeroy, Fry & Co., had been doing a mixed wholesale and retail business in this line of merchandise. The trade has had an extraordinary increase in the past few years, and has permanently occupied a large area of territory. During the past year the estimated increase has been 331 per cent.; but owing to the considerable and continuous decline in prices, profits were very small. The average decline in prices during the year was about 161 per cent. The decline in the gold premium facilitated British competition and reduced profits to a narrow margin. The addition curing the year to the aggregate capital in ested is estimated at 15 per cent.. Collections were reasonably good. The present season has opened out with good prospects of a large increase over last year's business The principal establishments are those of Maxwell, Fry & Thurston, 34 South Meridian street; E. Over & Co., 82 and 84 South Meridian street; W. J. Holliday & Co., 59 South Meridian street. In hardware, the wholesale trade was inaugurated in 1856, by J. H. Vajen, who had opened a retail establishment five years before. As late as 1861 Mr. Vajen was still the only representative of the wholesale trade in hardware, and his sales during the year were about $75,000. The field has been liberally occupied since, and the business has grown to be an extensive one. - During the past two years the shrinkage in values has been so constant and eonsiderable that profits have been greatly curtailed. This shrinkage in values 376 HOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLIS. TRADE. appears to have reached its lowest point. Prices are once more on the advance and the out!ook is more encouraging than for several years past. Leading houses are those of Anderson, Bullock & Schofield, 62 South Meridian street; Kimball, Aikman & Co, 110 South Meridian street; Fugate & Hlildebrand, 21 West Washington street; Layman, Carey & Co.; 64 East Washington street. The aggregate transactions in iron and hardware during the past year are estimated at $3.500,000. JEWELRY, WATCHES, &C. The trade in the various articles usually comprehended in'the term "Jewelry," has grown to be a very extensive branch of the commerce of the city. The first considerable venture in this line was that of E J. Baldwin & Co., (E. J. Baldwin and J. McLene), in 1851. The present well-known house of W. P. Bingham & Co'. was established in 1859; and it was about this time that wholesale operations of any considerable extent were begun. Since then the trade has grown rapidly and extended in all directions. Stocks embracing every conceivable description of article in the noamenclature of watches, jewelry, precious stones, gold and silver ware, fine cutlery, clocks, and so forth, are now maintained here; affording the amplest and best inducements to purchasers. The business of the past year, as to the amount, shows an increase of perhaps 25 per cent. over the previous year. Imported articles advanced, on account of the war, about 10 per cent.; but now that peace has returned, the prices are returning to their former standard. On gold and silver articles of domestic manufacture there was a small decline during the year; also on solid and plated silver ware. The profits were small considering the amount of business done. Collections were rather difficult; and in this respect the present year does not start out auspiciously. The aggregate value of transactions in this line last year was $195,000. The principal houses are: W. P. Bingham & Co., 50 East Washington street; J. McLene, Bates House block; Craft & Cutter, 24 East Washington street; F. M, Herron, 16 West Washington street; J. H. Colclazer & Co., 14 East Washington street; Henry Daumont & Co., 15 West Washington street. (The business of the latter does not comprehend watches, jewelry, &c., but embraces clocks, paintings. pictures, picture frames, &c.) LEATHER, BELTING, HIDES, &CO. The first wholesale business, of any moment, in leather, hides, &c., was inaugurated by D. Yandes & Co., in 1850. Like most other branches of trade, this has grown in a few years to large proportions. The transactions last year aggregated $458,297. In some respects the business of the past year was quite profitable to those engaged, and in others only slightly so. Unlike the previous two or three years) 187C brought considerable profits to tanners of sole leather. Production was much smaller; and the market was kept in light supply at quite remunerative prices. Manufacturers of upper leather found it a less prosperous year. The high prices of previous years had so stimulated production that the supply has generally been greater than the demand. To tanners of rough leather also, the year was not a profitable one. Jobbers of leather did a large business during the year; but profits were at no time better than moderate; often very slender. - The rapid advance in French stock, by reason of the war between France and 377 HOLLOWARSY' INDIANAPOLIS. Prussia, did not benefit dealers, as might be supposed, because the stocks held at the breaking out of the hostilities stated were generally small, and the advance in prices here has been fully equalled by the advance at the sources of supply. In domestic leathers, calf-skins were affected by the rise in the French article, and advanced in price. As to heavy leathers, the prices declined somewhat during the year. As to hides, there was an advance in prices up to July; since that time prices have been steady and well sustained. Bark ruled higher than for several years past. As to belting, the market was steady, without material alteration in prices. The principal dealers are: D. Yandes & Co., dealers in leather, hides, &c., 76 East Washington street; J. E. Mooney & Co., dealers in leather hides, leather and rubber belting, &c., 147 South Meridian street; Hide, Leather and Belt Co., 125 South Meridian street; J. K. Sharpe, dealer in leather, hides, boots, shoes, &c., 47 and 49 South Delaware street. LIQUORS. The beginning of the wholesale trade in distilled liquors, in this city, may be dated about the year 1846. Among the earlier wholesale dealers was Patrck Kirland, succeeded by Kirland & Fitzgibbon. The first house that made systematic efforts to establish a wholesale trade, by sending out traveling agents, etc., was Kirland & Ryan, in the year 1859. In 1860 there were in the city the following wholesale dealers: Kirland & Ryan, Ruschaupt & Bals, and Elliott & Ryan. The aggregate sales at wholesale that year were not far from $100,000. This business has increased many fold in recent years. The principal establishments at this date are, T. F. Ryan, Gapen & Catherwood, Ryan & Holbrook, Hahn & Bals, John C. Brinkmeyer, J. P. Stumph & Co., C. Kaufman, Schwabacher & Selig, Rikhoff & Co. The aggregate transactions of the year 1870 are reported at $2,807,087. The business of the year was a considerable increase, in bulk, over that of previous years, though the aggregate sum realized was less, by reason of the reduction in the government tax from $2 to 50 cents per gallon. The effect of a more thorough collection of the tax on spirits has had the effect to prevent violent fluctuations in prices. For this reason dealers have been able to do a safe business. The seven hundred and seventy grain distilleries of this country have a producing capacity of over two hundred millions gallons annually; while the consumption is not over eighty millions gallons. Consequently there has been an excessive production; the market has been overtocked, and prices brought down below the remunerative point. The aggregate losses of distillers during the year 1870 would considerably exceed their aggregate profits; though these losses have, to some extent, been compensated by the profits on the hogs fed by the distillers. The price of raw highwines reached its lowest decline late last summer; when it was 75~76 cents. Since then it has rallied to 98 cents, and is now about 90 cents, and steady at that figure. In imported brands of whisky, brandy, etc., the readjustment of the tarriff has brought an average decline in proportion to the average reduction of the duties on these articles. As to imported wines, the European war interfered with their exportation to this country, producing considerable advances in prices. On 378 champagne wine there was a temporary advance of nearly one hundred per cent. The conclusion of peace between France and Germany has removed the restrictions upon exportation, and prices have about returned to the old standard. LIVE STOCK. By location, this city is entitled to be one of the leading live-stock markets of the West; that it has not that prominence is due simply to the failure to employ adequate means to utilize natural advantages; and the prominence that has been attained has been in spite of the latter default. Without adequate yards for the reception of live stock, there can be no market of consequence. In 1865, Mr. E. W. Pattison established the first yards in this city for the reception of live stock. With no previous provision of this character, it is readily understood that prior to that date there could be no live stock market here. Local purchasers secured their supplies in the country, and as no provision was made for sellers, there was nothing here for shippers to buy. The live stock that would naturally have been unloaded and penned here, passed through the city to such points as had the requisite conveniences for holder and purchaser. The effect of Mr. Pattison's enterprise was to supply, through his yards, sufficient stock for the city demand, with now and then a surplus of a carload or so for purchase on Eastern account. The improvement in receipts was in proportion to the improvement in accommodations, both far short of what they might have been. In 1867, Mr. Pattison disposed of his yards to J. C. Ferguson & Co., for many years extensive pork packers at this point. About this time, at the solicitation of the butchers here, Messrs. Kingan & Co., opened more extensive yards near White River, between Maryland and Georgia streets. The firm of Kingan & Co., who still own these yards, is composed of Samuel and Thomas D. Kingan, who, by the extent of their investments and operations, their extensive Eastern and foreign connection, and comprehensive knowledge of the trade in live stock, and the products thereof, were well qualified to inaugerate and carry out the necessary measures for bringing the holder and purchaser together here-to make the city, in a larger sense than before, a live stock market. The location selected for their yards was advantageous; especially easy of access for shippers from the West, whence come nearly all the stock brought here; easy of acccess for stock driven in to the city on foot; convenient and cheap of access for butchers; and sufficiently commodious for all the demands upon them. Early in 1871, the Pittsb?rg, Cincinnati d St. Louis Railway Company purchased a site of twenty-two acres, at a cost of $40,000, in the Eastern suburbs of the city and have since occupied a portion of the ground for live stock yards, which are now in operation, but owing to their greater distance from the center of the city, the bulk of the stock sold here are yarded at Kingan's pens. The effect of the establishment of these yards has been to make a live stock market of Indianapolis, but still a local market chiefly. What is yet needed to give this city the true place among the live stock mar kets of the country, to which it is naturally entitled, is the opening of extensive Union Stock Yards, like those at Chicago, St. Louis, and Cincinnati, in which each of the railroads converging here should have a proprietary interest, and to which should be shipped all the live stock sent in this direction over these roads-just as all the live stock sent to market from the North-west for instance, are sent to TRADE. 379 Chicago, and there sold for local consumption and shipment to the East. This would make Indianapolis a prominent shipping and receiving point, instead of, as now, a receiving point on a small scale, compared with what it might be. The establishment of such an enterprise has several times been attempted, but without success, because of the opposition of two of the Railway Companies, who objicted to benefiting the city in this way at the expense of losing a supposed mono poly in the bulk of the carrying trade in live stock. Theresultant benefits of such an enterprise to our financial and commercial interests would obviously be very great; and for this reason it would be liberally aided by our merchants. Even if the Western railway companies, who carry four fifths of the live stock shipped from the surrounding country, should combine in such an enterprise, self-interest would impel the other roads to come into the com bination. Beef Cattle.-The foregoing observations on the live stock market here suffi ciently indicate the past and present magnitude and needed improvements of the .cattle market. The establishment since 1865 of the several live stock yards be fore mentioned, has brought to the city the supply needed for the local demand, with something of an excess, at times, for the eastern demand. With improved accommodations and facilities in the way of yards will come proportionally aug mented receipts and shipments. The year 1870 was characterized by increased re ceipts and a steady market. The variation in prices from the beginning to the end of the year was not more than 1 cent per lb. The higest price for prime was 8 cents; the lowest 7. Fair butchers' stock ranged from 31 to 5 cents. During the first four months of the present year prices, as compared with those at the close of last year, have declined on an average about i cent. per lb. The quotation of 8 cents given above applies to the best grade seeking this market. The grade quoted as "extra" in Chicago, represents the very choicest selections from the cattle brought there, a quality that is not shipped to this point, and is worth about I cent per lb. more than the best grade of the offerings here. The price of beef has not receded toward the ante-war level as rapidly as those of other commodities. This has been due to the excessive consumption during the war, a waste that it has taken years to repair. The figures appended will show the approximate business in cattle at this point for the year ending November 1, 1870: Beeves: sold for city consumption, 16,000; valued at $96,0000. Shipped, 5,000 head; valued at $400,000. Veal calves: sold for local demand, 2,000 head; valued at $20,000. Total value, $.1,380,800. Hogs.-In spite of the wants mentioned in the previous remarks on the live stock trade in general, this city has for a number of years been a prominent hogslaughtering and pork-packing point. For the reasons mentioned it is not a shipping point to a commensurate extent, but chiefly a receiving point for supplying the wants of local packers and butchers. Surrounded by an extensive agricultural and stock-growing country, largely developed, and with the most complete railway system on the continent, this city is entitled to be one of the largest live stock markets and packing points in the West; and could readily command a supply of 250,000 to 300,000 hogs annually if it had the requisite packing establishments and requisite inducements and opportunities in the matter of yards, &c. The packing establishments at this point are: Kingan h Co.; J. a. Ferguson I Co. Wheat, Fletcher & Coffin; Lesh, TQu :380 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLI,'. TRADE. sey & Co.- These establishments employ and represent an aggregate investment of $1,250,000, and employ an average aggregate of 239 hands. There were packed here for the year ending November, 1870, about 75,00(> hogs; worth about $2,000,000. To this atdd about 30,000 head slaughtered and packed by butchers for city consumption, and worth about $75,000. Total number for the year, 105,000. Total value, $2,750,000. The hog crop of the past season throughout the West was an increase of about 56 per cent. over that of the previous season. The increased, per cent. of the crop handled here was much greater than even this. The number packed here during the past season (beginning with November, 1870, and ending April 28, 1871) was 112,500, against 59,600 for the same time the previous year. The average weight the past season was 240 lbs.; for the previous season, about 210 lbs. Consequently the increase in pounds this season over the season before was more than 100 per cent. The average weight during thepast season was the heaviest for ten years past. The average price was about $6.00, live weight, against $10.00 for bhe previous season. The number yet to be packed up to November 1st will probably reach 45,000 head, making the aggregate for the year 157,500 head, against 75,000 for the year ending November 1,187,0. The pa't year and the opening months of the present year have, generally speaklng, been profitable to those who promptly disposed of their products, and unprofit able to persistent holders for higher prices. The Southern' demand has not been what was anticipated, and the war in Europe failed to, bring the expected foreign demand and advance in prices. In the aggregate operators lost more than they made. Shecp.-From the reasons given in the foregoing remarks concerning live stock in genera], it will appear why transactions in sheep here chiefly relate to supplying local wants. The annual shipments from this point are probably 10,000 head per annum. The sales for home consumption here during the year ending November 1st, 1870, aggregated 75,000 head; value, $150,000. To this add 1(,000 head shipped, valued at $20,000. Total number, 85,000 head; total value, $170,000. The range of prices for sheep during the year 1870 was $2 00~4 00 per head lambs, $1 25G2 50. Prices were steady for the greater part of the year, with an upward movement toward the close. Comparing the closing prices of last year with those current at the end of the fourth month of 1871, an advance of fifty cents to one dollar is shown. LUMBER. This city is known as the greatest "hard lumber" market in the country. It i situated in the center of a large area of territory heavily set with valuable timbe whose resources in that respect have but recently begun to be utilized for purpos of commerce While the timber of the older states approaches exhaustion, or ha already reached that state, an extensive area in this State possesses an affluence of lumber wealth that has, in many sections, only commenced to flow into the channels of commerce. As each new railway has been built, new lumber regions have been penetrated, and outlets for the resources opened. Nature and the railroads have thus made this the leading market of the country for the more desirable grades of hard lumber-walnut, oak, ash, etc., and for poplar. Enormous quantities of these varieties of lumber are shipped from this point to supply the demand from the Atlantic cities and. other points. 381. As to pine and similar species of soft lumber not indigenous to this region, this is an importing rather than a supply market. Large quantities of pine lumber are imported here, chiefly for local building and manufacturing purposes. The carrying trade in pine lumber of the railways connecting this city with Chicago and Michigan City is very large, amounting to between four and five thousand car loads from the latter point alone. The aggregate transactions of the lumber dealers of this city last year are reported at $1,294,469. Principal lumber dealers are the following: Streight & Wood, McCord & Wheatley, Bunte & Dickson, Coburn & Jones, Emerson & Beam, Warren Tate, H. W. Hildebrand, Isgrigg & Bracken, Cornelius King, George IV. Hill, Charles Donellan, Eberts & Owens, Long & Carter, J. Marsee & Son, J. T. Presley. METALS AND TINNERS' STOCK. This business-disconnected from the kindred merchandise of stoves, tinware, etc.-is of quite recent establishment in this city-the pioneer house-that of Thomas Cottrell, having been established but a few years ago. Prior to that time, and in a considerable degree yet, this branch of trade is conducted by the stove and tinware houses. Being yet a young business, the annual transactions therin have not yet attained the magnitude of other departments of the city's commerce. The transactions of last year are estimated at $420,000-a considerable increase over the business of the previous year. The range of prices was lower than during the previous year. Quotations are steady, and the shrinkage in values has evidently pretty nearly reached the minimum. The leading houses are, Thomas Cottrell and Messrs. Ransdell & Grubbs. Everything in the nomenclature of this branch of business can be found here, in qualities and prices equal to the best inducements of outside competition. MILLINERY, &C. The present large and growing business in Millinery goods, and the few years in which it has been established, is an eloquent representative of the commercial growth of the city The first wholesale house-that of J. W. Copeland-was established in 1856. The area of territory now occupied by Indianapolis dealers in this department of trade corresponds very nearly with that occupied by other leading branches of trade, dry goods, groceries, &c.; and this area is constantly being extended. The business of the past year has been, in respect of amount, encouraging; showing an increase of about 20 per cent. The increase of capital was about the same. Generally, prices at the close of the year showed an advance over those at the opening of the year. In domestic goods, there was an advance in most articles: particularly in straw goods. As to imported goods, the advance was quite appreciable, owing to the war in Europe. Profits during the year were fair, but collections were more difficult, though the per ccnt. of bad debts made was judiciously small. The present year augurs an improvement on last year's trade. The principal wholesale establishments are those of J. W. Copeland & Co., 116 South Meridian Street; and Fahnley & McCrea, 131 South Meridian Street. The transactions of 1870 in this department of trade aggregated $400,554. 382 HOLLIOWAY'S INDIANAPOLTS. TRADE. MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. The trade in music and musical instruments has grown to be a very considerable feature of the general commerce of the city. In 1844 the first piano was sold in this city. In 1850 the first music store was opened by Albert E. Jones. The present extensive house of Willard & Co., was established in 1853. The next important addition to this interest was the opening of the present well known house of Benham Brothers, in 1862. For many years the business was altogether in the retail way, and chiefly local. In recent years, sharing the general prosperity of the city,and aided by the greatly increased popularity of musical science, this business has multiplied many fold, and an extensive jobbing trade, covering a large area of territory, is being done. Recently, too, the manufacture of pianos, etc, was instituted and is now promninent among the industries of the city. Every variety of' musical instrument and of musical merchandise, a list far too long to be mentioned in this place, can be obtained here at wholesale or retail, with the best inducements as to prices and qualities that can be anywhere offered. The aggregate value of reported transactions last year in this branch of business was $394,000. The principal houses are Benham Brothers, 36 East Washington Street; Charles Soehner, 36 East Washington Street; A. G. Willard & Co., No. 4 Bates House Block; M. A. Stowell, No. 46 North Pennsylvania Street. Manufacturers, Irdianapolis Piano Manufacturing Company, 297 South New Jersey, and salesroom Etna building, North Pennsylvania street. Benham Brothers and Professor Soehner occupy the same location. The former do a general business in all descriptions of musical instruments (except pianos) musical merchandise, musical publications, etc. Professor Soehner deals in pianos exclusively, and is the State agent in this city for the Steinway and Knabe Pianos. NOTIONS. The Notion trade in this city, though young in years, is extensive in amount and importance. For the mrost part, it is the creation o0 the past ten years. The aggregate of sales last year was $1,083,650; which shows a very gratifying growth. The business of the year last past has been, in the main, one of prosperity: showing an increase of about 20 per cent. over that of the previous year, and a corresponding increase of capital. The shrinkage in values continued throughout the year: for which reason profits were, on an average, rather slender. It is believed that the downward course of prices has about reached the lowest point; and that prices will be steady during the current year at the present figures. The leading houses engaged in this branch of trade are: Byram, Cornelius & Co., Fahnley & McCrea, Fortner, Floyd & Co., L. Ludorff & Co., Murphy, Johnson & Co., John D. Evans & Co., Stoneman, Pee & Co. PICTURES, FRAMES, &C. The different grades of art productions embraced above in the general term of Fictures, are well represented in establishments here devoted to that line of trade. In some respects a better and ampler variety is offered than could be found in any other western city. Paintings.-At the well-known establishment of Lieber & Co. there may be found the works of the more eminent artists of this and other countries. Occasionally there are auction sales of the more costly paintings that have fai!ed to find 383 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. purchasers at private-sales. An extensive and costly collection of imported paintings from the celebrated Dusseldorff gallery, was thus disposed of last autumn. Patrons are yet comparatively few for this class of works of art. But, as is the rule in new countries, the numb,r of purchasers for this class of works of art would admit of a considerable increase. Engravings-In this respect there is claimed for the dealers in this city a better and more various display than is offered by any other western city. There can be seen here at all times full collections froni France, England and Germany, as well as from our own country. Ch.-omos.-In this respect it is sufficient to observe that about every chromo known to the trade may be had here. Lithographs.-Of this cheaper class of pictures, plain and colored, there is the fullest display. Photographs.-There is nothing in this line that cannot be found here. Frames, etc.-The stocks contain pretty nearly everything in this line that can be found in the market in this country. The reported transactions for the past year were $110,000. The principal houses are: H. Lieber & Co., Daumont & Co., R. P. Crapo. The former two are wholesalers and retailers of pictures, frames, etc.; the latter is a dealer in frames, mouldings, photographers stock, etc. QUEENSWARE, GLASSWARE, ETC. The wholesale trade in this branch of merchandise was begun, in a small way, fifteen or sixteen years ago, by Jacob Lindley. So slow was the growth of the business that in 1860 Mr. Lindley was still its only wholesale representative. The busidess is now represented by the following leading establishments: Hawthorne, Morris, & Gorrell, 38 South Meridian street; Patterson & Co., 127 Sout Meridian street; John Woodbridge & ('o., 36 South Meridian street; Hollweg Reese, 96 South Meridian street; Geo. H. West, 57 West Washington street. The increase of capital invested, and extension of the trade during the past seven or eight years has been very great. The area of territory tributary to this market has been greatly extended on every hand, and within these limnits a large, desirable, and constantly increasing trade has been permanently established The business of the past year shows an increase over the previous year o bout fifteen per cent. In queensware, the greater portion of which is of foreign production, th shrinkage in prices was in proportion to the decline in the gold premium. In glass ware, prices were steady during the year. Collections during the year were not so readily made nor so closely kept up as might be. The sales for the year amounted to $365,000. This year's business opens out with promising indications of a prosperous year.* * In the foregoing remarks concerning Trade, the expression "the past year," relates to 1870 and references to the business of'"the present year," relate to the opening months of 1871. 384 TRADE. SEWING MACHINES. Within a very few years the sewing machine, from being esteemed by the mass as a fanciful article, of doubtful utility, and destined only for a privileged few; has became one of the cardinal necessities of every family. Having now become indispensable to the family and to the manufacturer of clothing of whatever kinds the trade in sewing machines at this point has come to be a commanding feature of its commerce. The growth of the business here is even considerably greater than the relative growth of the business generally. For the commercial advantages of this city have made it a central distributing point, supplying and controlling the trade of mlost of this State and of portions of adjoining States. The earliest agencies established here were by the Wheeler d Wilson and Singer Companies, about the year 1857. As new inventions multiplied, and the sewing machine became popularized, agencies were established from time to time, until now all the better inventions are represented here-generally by agencies having control of a large area of territory, extending in some instances into adjoining States. The magnitude of the sewing machine business in this city may be seen from the re. ported sales for 1870-about $600,000. The following companies have agen — cies here: The Singer, by Messrs. Wm. R. Nofsinger and A. K. Josselyn; the Wheeler & Wilson, by Messrs. L. B. Walker & Co.; the Grover & Baker, by Wiley & Van Buren; the Howe by Messrs. Olin & Foltz; the Florence by J. W. Smith; the Weed by Jas. Skarden & Co.; the Button-Hole, C. E. Cardell & Co. The sewing machine trade, which is destined to attain a far greater magnitud, in the country at large than it now has, is sure to have a much larger proportionate increase here. For apart from the superior location of this city in a commercial way for the distribution of the machines over a large extent of territory in every direction, the facilities for obtaining suitable lumber for the cabinet work of machines. at the cheapest figures, is attracting the establishment of manufacturies here., The Wheeler & Wilson Company have already established an extensive branch manufactory in the eastern suburb of the city, and others are likely to follow. The course of prices as to the more meritorious inventions has been steady, ranging from. $65 to $165, according to style of finish. Prices of sewing machines did not partake of the general inflation during the war; consequently there has been little or no shrinkage in values since. STOYES, TINWARE, ETC. The first manufacturers and wholesalers of stoves and tinware in this city were, the firm of J. K. & D. Root, who began operations in 1851. In that year their aggregate sales were about $10,000. In 1860 the same firm was still without considerable opposition, and that year their transactions reached $103,000Q. If during the first ten years this interest prospered but indifferently, its growth in the past few years has quite compensated for the slow progress of the~ former period. By comparing the transactions of 1851, amounting to no more than $15,000, with those of 1870, aggregating $850,000, a remarkable increase is shown. By the above caption is embraced a great variety of articles usually classed under the heads of "stoves, tinware, and house-furnishing goods "-stoves and the numer (25) 385 HOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLrS. ous products of iron, tin, etc., too numerous to be detailed in this mention, but made or sold here in the widest variety, and of the most approved qualities and styles. In nearly every class of goods of this general description there was a steady, decline in prices during 1870, averaging ten per cent. Collections were better than the average during the year, but the present year opened with a change for the worse in this respect. The principal establishments are: D. Root & Co. manufactory 183 South Pennsylvania street; salesroom 66 East Washington street; Tutewiler Bros., 74 East Washington street; Johnson Bros., 62 East Washington street; Charles Cox, 57 West Washington street; R. L. McOuatt, 61 & 63 Wes Washington street; Frankem & Kline, 34 East Washington street; Meyers & Martin, 257 West Washington street; J. Voegtle, 103 East Washington street C. Zimmerman, 35 South Alabama street; Wolfram Bros., 197 East Washington street. TOBACCO, CIGARS, ETC. The first to engage in the wholesale tobaccco business and in the manufacture of cigars exclusively, of whom we find any record, was George F. Meyer, at his present place of business, in 1850. Though this branch of commerce and manufactures developed slowly for a number of years, it has in recent years risen to great consequence. The bulk of the business.n cigars is now represented by dealers who are also manufacturers. The manufacture of tobacco in any considerable degree is represented by two establishments: Smith & Thomas, and Thomas Madden & Co. The former firm makes plug tobacco, which meets a ready demand, not only from Western dealers, but from jobbers in the principal Eastern cities. Mr. Madden manufactures fine-cut tobacco, which has already attained great favor with the trade. The transactions of 1870 aggregated $1,659,301. The various grades of tobacco and cigars are abundantly represented here by a great number of manufacturers and wholesale dealers. The business of 1870 shows a good increase-10@15 per cent. Profits, however, for the last two or three years have been very small, smaller perhaps than those of any other branch of manufacture, and too small in proportion to the amount of capital employed, and to the magnitude of the transactions. The heavy government tax on these articles, much ~larger than their separate value, necessitates a very large capital for the handling and carrying of stocks. The government tax, the high price of labor maintained by the operatives' Unions, and the enhanced cost of the leaf, have kept up prices and diminished profits. This is particularly true of the common grades of cigars, on which the profits of manufacturers have not greatly exceeded 7 per cent. As to imported cigars, prices were well sustained during 1870, but afterward Slightly declined. As a compensation for diminished profits, collections were good during the year. The following are the principal establishments in this line: Manufacturers of cigars and dealers in cigars and tobacce-A. W. Sharpe, Geo. F. Meyer & Co. Mayer & Bros., Charles C. Hunt, C. M. Raschig, C. C. Hunt, Solmon & Garratt, George Roswinkle, A'. W. Reynolds, Clemens Back, Uhl & Durham, S. F. Reynolds, Peter Kretsch. Tobacco Manufacturer —Smith & Thomas, Thomas Madden, Charles Oliver, ,)ealers in Tobacco and Cigars-J. C. Green & Co., J. W. Lines & Co., J. A. MIcGaw. The greatly increased consumption of wool by the mills in this city has propor 386 TRADE. WCOL. tionally augmented the bulk brought to this market. The aggregate receipts fo 1870 were about 5,000,000 lbs.; worth about $200,000. This article has shared the general shrinkage in values since the close of the war. The average prices in 1870 were: for washed and picked, 48 cents; unwashed, 30 cents. Though the price of wool has been gradually declining during the past few years, its price is still comparatively higher than the prices of the products made from it. Agriculturists and stock-growers in this State have of late taken great interest in improving the breed of their sheep, and they have had an excellent return for their trouble and outlay. The average sheep in Indiana to day is a very different animal from that of ten years ago, securing a breed that unites superior size and quality of mutton with a fleece double the usual quantity, and best adapted to the manufacture of the gaades of woolen fabrics most in use. Merino sheep are comparatively few in number in this State, because unprofitable. Indiana is noted among wool dealers and operators for its clean, tub-washed wool of the common and medium grades, being in general much more thoroughly washed before it is sent to market than is the rule, and therefore more acceptable to purchasers. t 387 HOLLOWAY'S INDIANAPOLIS. STATISTICAL EXHIBiT, Showing the aggregate value of sales of leading articles of merchandise by Indian apolis dealers for the year 1870: Agricultural Implements....................................................... $755,687 Beef Cattle......................................................................... 1,380,000 Books and Stationery................................................................... 556,000 Boots and Shoes...................................................................... 1,709,000 B3akeries.............................................................................. 193,700 Carpets and Wall Paper.................................................................. 510,000 Clothing..................................................................................... 1,779,805 Coal....................................................................................... 550,000 Confectioneries............................................................................. 190,508 Cigars and Tobacco....................................................................... 1,659,300 Dry Goods.................................................................................. 4,542,000 Drugs and Medicines.................................................................... 1,661,600 Eggs............................................................. 291,580 Furniture................................................................................... 749,000 Grain.......................................................................................... 3,745,000 Groceries................................................................................... 6,443,151 Hardware and Iron............................................... 3.500,000 Hogs........................................................................................ 2,750,000 House Furnishing Goods................................................................ 850,000 Hats and C a p s.............................................................................. 412,000 Jewelry...................................................................................... 195,000 Leather and Belting.................................................................... 458,290 Lumber....................................................................................... 1,294,469 Liquors...................................................................................... 2,807,087 Music and Musical Instruments...................................................... 394,000 Millinery and Fancy Goods............................................................ 400,558 Notions...................................................................................... 1,083,651 Paints, Oils, &c............................................................................ 726,150 Pig I r o n...................................................................................... 771,600 Poultry....................................................................................... 207,000 Queensware................................................................................. 365,000 Saddlery Hardware....................................................................... 318,000 Sewing Machines.............................................................. 563,753 Sheep................................................................................... z... 170,000 Wool.......................................................................................... 200,000 Total..................................................................... $44,182,889 388 REAL ESTATE. REAL ESTATE. The rapid, steady advance in the value of real estate in and near the city is the best index to its present prosperity, and to the confidence felt by business men in its future growth. This advance is a marked feature in the recent real estate transactions, and prices for years have almost constantly tended upward. The selection of this place as the State Capital in 1821, temporarily inflated the values of real estate; but as no highways to the town then existed, prices receded and few transfers were made, until the internal improvement scheme, in 1836. This caused a feverish activity in transfers and a rapid rise in prices for a year or two; but on the failure of the public works values again declined, and no demand existed for property till the opening of the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad, in 1848, at last gave the city an outlet. The improvement may be said to date from that year; but it was not until the completion of the State Railway system, in 1853-4, that the advance became sufficiently great to attract attention. Up to that time business had been confined to two or three central squares on Washington street, and the choice locations there did not command more than $75 to $100 per front foot, while the remainder of the city plat was held only for residence or farming purposes, and most of it valued at not more than $100 per acre. Under the effects of the railway system, however, prices soon doubled in the central parts of the city, while the advance in outside property was very much greater. Subdivisions of the various out-lots in the old plat were rapidly made, and many additions were laid off outside of it, and the advance in price continued quite steadily; for though checked by the bank failures in 1854-5, and the commercial panic of 1857, the values attained before these checks were at once increased as soon as the pressure was removed. This lasted till the war brought business matters to a dead stop, and for two years prices were comparatively unchanged, transfers were few, and little activity existed in the trade. The best business locations on Washington street would com mand $400 or $500 per foot, while outside property had gone far beyond the ad vance in the central portions. In the year 1863 a rapid increase again began, and by the end of the war prices on Washington street, for choice locations, had reached $1,000 per front foot, and in many portions of the suburbs values were ten fold higher than three years before. These figures received a decided check on the sud den cessation of the war, and values, especially in the outside property, receded to some extent, while the transfers-except to settle claims-rapidly diminished in nunmber; but this was an experience felt in all the cities of the country; and in none other was the check so temporary as at this point. The figures prevailing at the beginning of 1865 were soon resumed in most parts of the city, and though not much activity prevailed, there was little or no diminution in the prices asked for lots. In 1868 another advance began, which has steadily continued to the present time, and has recently been so marked and startling as to awaken the fears of many persons that it is unhealthy and feverish, and that a rebound must ensue. This advance has mainly been in outside property, for though choice locations on Washington street would probably bring $1,500 to$1,800 per foot, the advance on former figures there is trifling compared with that in the suburbs, where, in many places, 100 per cent. advance is asked and given in a few months. Sub-divisions comprising over two thousand two hundred building lots have been made and put in market thus far in 1871, and the demand seems to anticipate 389 - HlOLLOWA Y'S INDIANAPOLIS. the supply. The activity in real estate transfers has been constant from the beginning of the year, averaging thus far, probably, $160,000 per week; and the excitement seems increasing as time rolls on. The comparative activity of the real estate trade at the different periods hereinafter stated, may be inferred from the aggregate amounts of the transfers for the several years. These were for 1850, $217,99161; for 1860, $1,111,492.08; for 1870, $5,223,865.18; and for the first six months in 1871, $3,992,175.70. The assessment of real property, in this city, for taxation has always been much below the selling prices, and of late years, by reason of the rapid advance, the discrepancy-especially in the newer p:trts of the city-is too glar.ng to admit of any defense, other than that the improvement is too rapid for an annual assessmrent. The following table, therefore, does not give the actual values at any period, and especially at the present; for we may safely say that the selling rates would almost double the aggregate values reported for 1870-but the tables will show how steady and decided the improvement has been during the last twenty years: The assessment of real and personal property in 1847 amounted to about $1,000,000 In 1850........................................................ 2,326,185 In 1853....................................................................................... 5,131,5B2 In 1856...................................................................................... 7,146,670 In 1858........................................................10,47... 10,475,000 In 1860....................................................................................... 10,700,000 In 1862............................................................. 10,250,000 In 1863................................................................................... 10,750,000 In 1864..................................................................................... 13,250,000 In 1865............................................................. 10,144,447 In 1866....................................................................................... 24,231,750 In 1867...................................................................................... 21,943,605 In 1868......................................... 23,593,619 In 1 870....................................................................... 25,981,267 In 1871............................................................. 28,516,215 The foregoing table, and the facts above mentioned, will show that the advance in real estate at Indianapolis is no evanescent matter, but that it has been steady, solid, and permanent. The rapidity in the late increase may be considered by many as an unsound indication, but the facts thus far do not seem to point that way; but on the contrary, would indicate that the city has but just entered oil its full career, and that its future greatness is assured beyond all'doubt. - 390