0 NEW YORK'S TIND USTRIES. I Commercial Review, EMBRACING ALSO I' /,' & HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH OF THE CITY ITS LEADING O*Iii I'1 MERCHANTS O MANUFACTURERS WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS. EDWARDS & CRITTEN, EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS. COPYRIGHTED. HISTORICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK AND CHICAGO. I885. 3 1 7 'O, il I-,' i I "< -i I -r, - I I r -I -A JL-d Exchange an 0 GRAND ULlI0! 1OTEiL, . ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ I I I. ~ AfarY TUBE UTYW _-14 _~== C ftr D -~- i ASSENGERS arriving in the city of New York via Grand Central Depot, save $3 Carriage Hire and Transfer of Baggage, by stopping at tle GRAND UNION HIOTEL, opposite said depot. Passengers arriving by West Shore Railroad via Weehawken Ferry, by taking the 42d Street Hiorse Cars at Ferry entrance, reach Grand Union Hotel in 10 minutes for 5 cents, and save $3 Carriage Hire. 600 Elegant Rooms, $1.00 and upwards per Days European Plan. ELEVATORS. Luit1, A n A i i} Families can live better for less money at the GRAND Uriow than at any other strictly first-class hotel in the city. Guests' Baggage delivered to and from Grand Central Depot, free. — o.~O -- IM~IPORTAS-' T. 8 — ~ P:E?lIc:s;oDF~A_ i — INDEX. Billwiller Bros., mfrs. embroid eries........................... 116 Bingham, S. D., Jr., milk, etc.... 273 Birdsall, B. M., earthenware... 169 Birdsall, D. & Co., real estate.... 109 Birmingham Iroi Foundry......,ceit 159 Bischoff & Rodatz, mfr. embroid ery material..................,T... 164 Bishop, G. W., livery........... 279 Bissell, E. & Co., auctioneers.... 224 Black, J., umbrella mfr........J. 261 Blan, J., cloak mfr............k i k.. 187 Blasi, J. N., trucks..........28 hw e,..... 278 Bloor, A. J., architect..........&So,poo. 138 Bogardus & Ellaby, hardware.. 174 Bogart, A. G. & Bro., builders... 240 Boegler, F. & Co., com. mchts.. 285 Boelsen, H. F., painter........H.&C.oytr. 267 Bond's Cleaning Fluid........... 251 Bongartz, Franz Th., pharmacist 172 Boorum & Pease, mfr. blank books.......................... 125 Boughton J. W. & Co., painters. 263 Boulevard Boarding and Livery Stables....................... 246 Bourret & Doerr, exch. stables.. 306 Bowden, R. J., grocer........... 272 Bower Barff, Rustless Iron Co. (The)..C....................... 204 Bowes, J. J., mfr. iron works... 117 Boyd & Lippitt, mfrs. theatrical good s........................... 143 Boyd, J. & Sons, shoes......... 188 Bowsky, L., plumber............ 221 Bowsky, M., fur dresser........ 231 Brady's Dancing Academy........ 175 Braisted & Vonhaus, tailors..... 148 Brewster, J. B. & Co., car. mfrs. 311 Bridgeman, A., importer seeds.. 191 Broadway Insurance Co......... 149 Broadway, The, Hotel........ 18 CretBo... 163 Brokaw Bros., clothing........er.. 202 Brooke, E. B. & Co., corn. agts.. 292 Brooks, S., teas.................. 286 Brown, E.G., contractor........ 232 Brown, G. E., storage.......... 222 Brown, J. R., real estate.......9 CosnM. 97 Brown, J. B., mfr. pianofortes.. 205 Brown, G. J. carriage builder.. 206 Brown, C. S., real estate.......9 Cre,JL,c. 95 Brown, A. & F., machine works. 209 Brown & Sanson, papers, etc.... 153 Brownell, Phelps & Venino, mfr. artists' material...........14 rmn..... 114 Bruen, W. D., oil cloths.......... 280 Brunswick Pharmacy (The)..... 150 Bryce, C. S., whiskies........80 Cisn,.... 300 Bryce, Wm. & Co., hardware.... 129 t Buchbinder, J., engraver.......,raesae.. 215 Buchner, D. & Co., mfr. tobacco 276 Buck, C. C., architect.......... 260 Buckley, D., marble works...... 248 Budlong, A. W., lumber...........Diy&Pusn 254 Budelman, H., Jr., flour, etc.... 277 Buhle, N. A., enameller.......... 233 Burgess,Gordon & Co.,real estate 99 iBrke, J. C., carpenter 212................... 212 Burns, G. G., builder....:::,::p........ 289 Burrows, T. C., steel..........,n e... 118 Burton, G. H., printer........... 234 Buttlar, R., coffees'1.............. 181 Byron, Wm. D., jeweler......... 243 Calenberg & Vaupel, piano mfrs. 197 Cammann, H. H., real estate.... 89 Campbell, G. W., Jr., ins........ 272 Campbell, Wm. & Co., mfrs. gold paper hangings.............ve r e.... 111 Cannon. G. B., livery............ 280 Carey, Geo.& Son, carriage mfrs. 306 Carlton (The), T. D. Winchester, pr ophr....221.propr...................... 166 Carpenter, E. H., attorney...:.. 174 Carpenter, L. J., real estate...... 92 Carpinter, W. A. & Co., Ins.... 125 Carnie, J. A., boilermaker...... 116 Ackerman, F., ca rpet cleaning.. 258 Adams Photo. Copying Co. (The) 234 Adams, H. W. & Co., pig-iron... 288 Adams, Jr., J. E., hay, etc...... 191 Adams & Clooney, railroad cast.ngs, etc....................... 236 Adler, S., granite works......... 247 ,Etna Li Insurance Co. (The).. 166 Agricultural Ins. Co. (The)...... 199 Albany Brewing Co. (The)....... 248 Albany Lubricating Compound, and Cup Co. (The)............. 258 Alexander, W., poultry, etc..... 251 Algeo, J., grocer................ 265 Alien & Co., mfrs. fire escapes.. 155 Allien, H. V., & Co., importers.. 168 Almqvist, A. W., patent solicitor 119 Althof, Bergman & Co., toys, etc. 276 Altman Bros., china, etc........ 217 American Baking Powder Co.... 154 Am. Bronze Powder Manuf. Co.. 161 American Coal Co.............. 124 Am. Dock & Trust Co., storage.. 284 American Wood Paper Co. (The) 272 Anderson, Wm. S., real estate... 104 Andrews, T. C., plumber, etc.... 200 Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co. 300 Appleby, C., real estate......... 104 Arents, C. R., insurance agent.. 305 Armsheimer, H., jeweller's saws 218 Armstrong, Wm., carpenter.... 228 Arnold, Wm., mfr. wood boxes.. 115 Aronson, S., window shades, etc. 211 Art Printing Estab. (The)........ 190 Ash, J. H., wine, etc............. 227 Ash & Buckbee, plumbers...... 206 Aston & Hamill, plumbers...... 250 Atlan. Highland Paperware Co. 222 Atlantic Oyster Co.............. 223 Atlantic Steam Coffee Mills..... 179 Aub, S., insurance broker....... 115 Auerbach, L. & Bro., paints, etc. 265 Ayers, H. F., real estate......... 104 Carr, J. F., lumber.............. 224 Carr, G. F., com. merchant...... 114 Carrington, G. W., real estate... 97 Carroll, J. J., bottles, etc........ 200 Caswell, F. B. & Co., mfrs agts. 203 Caswell, Massey & Co., chemists 139 Catherwood, J. H. & Co., teas... 287 Caxton Bookbinding Co., The... 178 Central Iron Works.............. 188 Cereals Mfg. Co. (The)........... 133 Charde, M. J. & Co., boots. etc.. 184 Chaskel Chemical Works (The).. 150 Chegwidden, T. C. & Co., coffees 187 Chidester, W. H. & Son, photog. 310 Childs, E., lively stables......... 249 Christie, H., builder............. 259 Christie & Dykes, carpenters.... 256 Christie, Wm. H. & Co., oysters. 246 City Fire Ins. Co................ 205 Clark & Bird, mfrs. stencils, etc. 262 Clark, Wm. E. & Bro., provisions for export................ i..... 192 Clarkson, T. S. & Co., real estate 93 Cleland, J. W., wines, etc........ 285 Clickner, J. H., wines, etc....... 297 Climax Fuse Co. (The)........... 290 Clinton Fire Ins. Co............. 250 Coates, H. W., real estate....... 92 Cobb, J. H. & Co., portrait artists 231 Cobb, Mrs. M. E., manicure..... 168 Coddington, T. B. & Co., impr. metals......................... 209 Cole, H. V., woodenware........ 193 Collin, J. B., publisher........... 213 Colwell, J. W'., lumber.......... 198 Connolly & Co., mfrs. lavaware.. 165 Cook, N. B., oils................. 283 Cooke Bros., oils................ 288 Cooke & Co., machinery, etc.... 208 Cooke, J., storage............... 200 Corbett Bros., groceries......... 267 Corbett, Thomas H., engraver.. 175 Cornell, Bingham & Co., paper.. 163 Corning, J. E.. real estate....... 99 Coronet Corset Co............... 173 Corrigen &Ferguson,salesstables 265 Corson, M., oysters.................... 295 Coyriere, E. M.,teachers' agency 251 Grandall & Co., mfr. baby car'g's 256 Cramer, J. L., corn. mcht........ 239 Crane & Clarke, lumber......... 172 Crawford, E. M. & Son, tobacco. 286 Creeden, J., plumber.......... 261 Crimmins, J. D. & T. E., railroad contractors................... 118 Crooke Co., J. J. (The), tinfoil... 238 Cruikshank, E. A. & Co., real estate......................... 90 Cruikshank, Wm., real estate... 95 Cummings, L., groceries........ 196 Daft Electric Light Co........... 229 Daily & Paulsen, com. mchts.... 302 Dakin, A. H., printer............ 219 Dana & Co., importers pig-iron.. 120 Dannhauser, L., mfr undergar ments.......................... 160 Davids Typograph Co. (The)..... 282 Davis, Clark & Co., wines, etc... 241 Davies, Turner & Co., express... 242 Day & Son, carriage builders.... 229 Dean & Westbrook, contractors. 252 Dean, W. G. & Son, mfrs. iwus tards, etc...................... 206 Decorative Stained Glass Co.... 176 Delahaef, B., importer,tiower makers' materials....?........ 182 Delatour, J. A., veneers, etc..... 115 De Lisser, R. L., chemist........ 177 Demerest, J. D., carpenter...... 127 Dempsey, W., brownstone-yard. 194 Denninger Pianoforte Case Factor 166 Dennis, O. J., flour, etc................. 227 Destremps, L. G., carpenter.............. 257 Dewar, W. H., plumber................'Z94 Dewey, L.S., storage warehouses 140 i -i Backus, P. &-Son, heating appar. 209 Bailey, Floyd, dry goods com mismon merchant............. 127 Baker, J. L., millinery goods.... 302 Baker & Clarke, grocers...... 170 Baldwin, G. P., bookbinder...... 234 Banfield, G., liver.............. 279 Banning & Bannmg, patent so licitors.................... 133 Barnes, C. W.;i'C"o., paper ware house......................... 138 Barr Co., Ed. (Ld.), machinists.. 120 Bartholomew, W. H. & Bro., printers........................ 242 Bartow, Theo. & Sons, printing papers......................... Baxter, J. F., ship chandler..... 218 Baylies, G., real estate.......... 103 Bayne, D. K. & Co., coffees. 118 Becker, J. G., mfr. paper boxes. 262 Becker Bros., mfrs. picture frames......................... 136 Becker Bros., balances......... 163 Becker Bros., bookbinders....... 205 Beckett& McDowell Mfg,. Co.,The 238 Beebe. J. L., paper............... 220 Beer, L., real estate.............. I Belden & Reinhard, oils......... 2?21 Benedikt & Friedman, glassware 160 Benjamin, E. B., chem. goods... 123 Benner & Zeller, rea estate..... 103 Bennett, A., frames, etc......... 257 Bennett, C., provisions.......... 257 Bennett, 0. G., real estate....... 92 Bennett Boarding Stables........ 257 Benoliel, D. J., mfr.'eigars...... 267 Bent, R. M. & Co., piano mfrs.. 167 Berbecker, J. & Co-., hardware. 221 Berier, F. E.,'m ne,, etc... 236 Berton & Niklrmasons........ 190 Betts, F. B., real estate.......... 107 Bickmann, C. J., grocer......... 260 INDEX. Frese, C.. brewer................ 247 Friedlander, I., millinery.......shd. 259 Frisbie, Bissell & Co., coal...... 151 Froelich, L. real estate......... 313 DeWitt Wire Cloth Co........... 269 Dexter Engine Co.............. 168 Diamond Mills Paper Co........ 156 Dibblee, Wim., wig-maker....... 290 Dick & Fitzgerald, publishers... 211 Diggles, J. A., c otton goods... 222 Dobbs, J. II., agent Riverside Glass Works................... 164 Dohm, H., engraver............. 1 &5 Dolan, J. F., granite works...... 223 Dolle, F., man'fr. furniture..... 276 Dolphin Manf. Co. (The)......... 192 Donald, A., oils, etc............. 199 Donohoe, M., furniture, etc..... 222 Dorsey, T. H., oysters........... 264 Dowdall, P. J., machinist....... 293 Downer, A. H. & Co., mf'r eng's. 122 Downing, J. T., oysters......... 179 Draper, J. H. & Co., auct'eers.. 204 Drew, J. H. & Bro., house mov.. 243 Dudley, H., architect............ 263 Duffy, J., wines.................. 149 Duncan, R., teas................. 133 Dunham, H. B. & Son, ins. agt.. 278 Dunn, J., livery................. 279 Dunn, J. S., plumber........... 210 Dunn, W. S. ~ Co., agents pa per mouldings, etc............. 137 Dunning's Ste Heat'g Boilers, Littell, W. M., agent.......... 223 Durand & Co., manf. jewelers... 120 Durfey & Reynolds, watches.... 296 Durland's Boarding Stables..... 303 Duryee, J. W., lumber.......... 148 Du'Vivier & Co., wines, etc..... 299 Eagan, T. F., printer............ 182 Eager, J. & J., wines, etc....... 283 Eagle Wrought Iron Works..... 216 Eagle Tube Company........... 183 Eale Wire Works...............13 Et New York Boot, Shoe, and Le-ather Manufacturing Co.... 155 Ecaubert, F., machinery....... 230 Egan, Thos., mortgages......... 101 Einstein, J., calf-skins, etc..... 221 Eisenmann, C., photographer... 214 Eisinger, J., wall paper.......... 265 Ellinger, J. & Co., cigars........ 169 Ellis, C. C., ship broker......... 121 Ellis, J.. plumbing............. 179 Elswvorth, J. & J. W., oysters... 216 Ely, H. S., real-estate agent..... 97 Emmans, J. & Co., teas......... 298 Engelbach, J. A. & Co., confect's 271 English, J_. manfr. blankb'ks 195 Epstein, F. B., gents' goods.... 277 Erskine, J., cart builder, etc.... 228 EtzeL A:., groceries.............. 273 Eureka Fire Hose Company.... 165 Evans, J. D. & Co., tobacco fact. 281 Everall Bros., ladies tailors..... 159 Evertsen B., com. merchant.... 167 Evertz, d. A., manfr. cards...... 189 Gager, O. A., importer pottery.. 128 Gallagher, J., brass foundry.... 217 Gallivan, M. J., livery.......... 279 Gallon, E. L., butchers' fixtures. 177 Galway & Casada, importers... 110 Gans, M., manfr. ladies cloaks... 215 Garrison, W. C., manfr. oil cans. 237 Gathard, J.,'W., painting....... 252 Geo. Place Machinery Co. (The). 189 Germania Knitting Works....... 188 Gernert, A., stoves, etc.......18 Hso,... 178 Gibney, J. R., glassware........ 178 Gibson, W., harness, etc......... 172 Gieberich, F., Cigars............ang,e. 271 Gill, Thos. F., soap mantr.....11 om Hoetl.. 161 Gillinder & Sons, glass manfrs,.. 121 Gilroy, T. W., stair builder...,lmshd... 246 Gismond, E. G., coal, etc........ 211 Globe Lubricating Co., oils..... 281 Glover, S.. real estate........... 93 Glover, F. & Son, wines, etc..... 298 Godfrey, C. J., gunsmith, etc... 122 Godfrey, S. D., wines, etc............. 286 Gould's, M., Son, hardware...... 163 Goulding, J., feathers, etc...... 262 Gouraud, Dr.T.F.,oriental cream 180 Grabfelder. A. L., agt. Manhat- o tan Life Insurance Co........,dugs. 280 Graham, C. & Sons, architects.. 238 Gramm's, Wm. Sons, manufact urers of mouldings............ 158 Grand Union Hotel..............& n i w a 241 Greacen, R. A., brandies........ 178 Greene, G.C., mfr. carbon papers 233 Greenhood, Bohm & Co., clot'ing 230 Griggs & Carleton, fin'cl bkrs... 313 Grimond. J. & A. D., yarns, etc. 199 Griswold, W., steel iron, etc.... 129 Gross, A. & Co., candles, etc.... 172 Grossman, A., shoe man'fr.... 162 Guardian Fire Insurance Co.... 160 Guidet's, C.. granite works..... 241 Guilfoyle, K. J., carriage maker. 212 Gundlach Bros., engravers....3 In S cr bl.. 310 Gurney's Express, storage...... 31 317 Gwynne & Richardson,hardware 219 Hager, F., tailor............. R mr.. 280 Hague, T. O., oriental goods.... 175 HEahn & Co., imp. precious ston's 240 Haines, J. R., plumber.......1 Jm Cmt... 187 Hale, A. W., civil engineer.....,pamcs... 255 Hall, R. & Son., livery.........M.. 279 Hallowell Granite Co311............,. 311 Holloway, H. R., collars, etc....... 262 Houghtaling, D. H., imp. teas... 310 Halstead, J., dyer............... 229 Hamersley, W. L. real estate... 107 Hamilton, F. H., livery......... 279 Hamilton, Wm., agt. Venetian Blind Company............ 2 J o.... 241 Hamilton. E. P. & Co., real estate 93 Hammond & Conroy, wood 22JhsnS..... 232 Hanft Bros.. florists............ 144 Hanks, C. W., real estate agt.... 101 Hankinson, Wm. A., carpenter.. 293 Hanlon & Co., manfr. combs.... 292 Harbison & Loder, dry goods... 316 Harden Hand Grenade Fire Ex tinguisher Company (The).... 154 Harmer, Hays & Co., saddlery.. 210 Harntt. D., stables..........10 aik,.. 140 Harris, R. L., civil engineer....3 KtWm mf. 453 Harrison, L. C., organ manfr.... 156 Hart,' H. E., coal................ 239 Hartung, L., human hair......... 293 Hastings & Hahn, glassware.... 156 Hatch, S. D., architect........... 134 Hatfield, A., architect...........300 Hatfield, S. E., hardware......shwcs.. 252 Haux, Wm., glove manfr......,cgrmn.. 202 Havesy, L., satchel manfr....... 269 Haws, G. A.. oils................ 294 Haws, Wm. E., real estate.......,.enravng.tc. 108 Hawley & Hoops, confectioners. 131 Hayes, S., painting.......... 25 Kbl.... 275 Hayes' United States Regulation Life Raft, E. A............2 i.... 200 Hazard Powder Co. of Hazard ville, Conn. (The)............. 120 Heckscher, R., Jr., coal............18 H h 157 Hedenberg, F. B., manfr. shades. 260 Henderson &3 Stoutenborough furnishing goods, etc.......... 188 Henlin, Isaac, Teas............. 284 Hensel, Buckmann & Lorbacher, commission brokers........... 310 Henriques, H., real estate....... 100 Herman, Sternbach & Co., dry goods.......................... Herb, Victor, watchmaker...... Herron, Wm., impr. cocoanuts.. 230 Herzig, A. & Son, manfr. furs... 245 Hession, H., florist............... 296 Higgins, J. O., real estate....... 108 Hiscox, J., oyster market....... 189 Hoburg, W. H., manfr. shoes... 262 Hoffmann Bros., real estate..... 96 Hoffman, Wm. H.,,awnings, etc. 259 Hoffman House Stables........ 169 Hoger, T. G., paint man'fr...... 245 Hohenstein, H., lamp shades... 185 Holman, T., printer............. 191 Hood, H. & Co., lamps, etc...... 131 Hooper, C. T., engravings....... 235 Horler & McGrath, painters..... 178 Horn, Wm., beef, etc............ 271 Hotel Shelburn.................. 136 Housman, J. T., oysters......... 225 How, H. J. & Co., real estate... 91 Howard, H. & Co., malsters..... 149 Howe & Goodwin, com. mer;... 304 Hoykendorf, P. & Co., druggists. 247 Hoyt, F. & Co. perfumers.... 144 Hubbell, C. D.,' coal............. 277 Hughes, W. H. & Co., wines..... 299 Hull, S. G. & Son, window shades 256 Humphrey, J. A. & Sons, men's neck-wear..................... 191 Hunter, C. A., real estate....... 105 Hurd & Burling, real estate..... 108 Hurdle, J. A., patent agent..... 306 Ilsley, Doubleday & Co., manu facturers of axle grease....... 118 Imperial Fire Insurance Co.... 314 Indiana Paint and RoofiDg Coni The).................... 181 I Son, carriage builders.. 213 I 11.................... 278 I. &'Bro., Chinese goods. -201 Ives, S. R., importer of liq-uors.. 113 Jacoutot, A. Jr., liquors......... 283 James Cement Co. -(The)........ 185 Joannes, E., pharmacist......... 278 Jones, A. M..-real estate......... 94 Jones, J. P. & Son., manfr. pa per boxes...................... 228 Jones, J. W., oil broker........ 301 Jones' Son'5''Owen, dry goods... 198 Jones & Goffee, insurance....... 239 Johnson, C. R., signal enginrer. 164 Johnson'J., Jr., real estate...... 95 Johnson, M. C., stationer........ 168 Johnson, A.M. & Bro., real estate 107 Johnson, S. E. Co., coal........ 130 Johnson Manufacturing Co...... 244 Johnston, J. W., shirt manfr.... 275 Jurges, J. F., tailor............. 190 Fabian. R. L., accountant....... 203 Fairchild, W. W., watches, etc.. 234 Farrell, Wm., coal............. 237 Fearing, Wm. H., wines, etc.... 285 Fehr, J., manfr. pocket-books... 2,1.6 Ferdon, J. H., coal, etc......... 227 Ferdon, S. B., iron works........ 182 Feery, P. J., plumber........... 173 Fellheimer, J., glassware, etc.... 158 Ferguson, J. S., boarding stable. 248 Ferris, F. J. C. & Co., importers. 176 Field, A. & Co., hardware....... 147 Fielder. J. W., real estate....... 102 Fink, J. & Son. provisions....... 195 Fishkill Manf.- Co., paper bags.. 173 Fisk, Jxs. M., attorney.......... 161 Fitzpatrick, James, flour, etc... 313 Fitzpatrick, H. J. & Co., furni ture manufacturers........... 308 Flesh, A. & D., buttons.......... 173 Foley, J. R., real estate......... 109 Ford, J., plumber.............. 232 Fout & Fisher, com. dealers.... 248 Fox, B., machinist............. 159 Frankenberg, H. E., manfr. em broidery materials........... 144 Frazer Lubricator Co., axle gr'se 146 Freeman, J. C., real estate...... 105 Freedman Bros., cloak manfrs.. 249 French, E. F., manfr. veneer.... 249 Kaempfer., M., waist li''" -212 ICahn, F., manfr. ai-tiflc'l'le.V... 198 Kaiser, J. B., fancy paper....... 186 Kaliske, F. S., kid, etc........... 267 Kaminski, H. M.- imp. silks..... 309 Katz, Wm., mani;. of buttons... 243 Kearney, E.. real estate......... 107 Keating, P. E., tailor............ 154 Keeler, D. B., Jr., wal estate.... 108 Keeler, G. W', agt. Mex. C. R. R. 291 Kelly, D., shoe emporium....... 210 Kelly, J., livery.................. 260 Kelly, P. J., manfr. show-cases.. 289 Kelly, H. R. & Co cigar manfr.. 294 Kennelly, Wm., ral estate...... 108 Kenyon, Baldwin & Co., produce 201 Keppel, F. & Co., engraving,etc., 137 Keresey, J. & Co., wine, etc..... 298 Kimball, A.. manfr. pin tickets. 147 Kimbel. A. & Sons, furniture.... 132 King, W. G. L., real estate...... 99 Kirby & Halsted, coffee......... 298 Kirkland & Co., real estate...... 110 INDEX. Maxwell, C. M., storage........&.,289 May, J. A. & Bro., fruits......rc,e. 294 Mayer, B., m'f'r jewelry........ 210 Mayer's Sons, J., leaf tobacco.. 281 Mayo & Watson, coal...........gnsg. 274 McBride & Fry, printers........ 260 I-IcBride, R. P., teas, etc....... 298 McCaffrey, P. H., photo. studio. 251 McDermott Bros., in'f'rs tools.. 264 McDoniald S. W., harness m'f'r. 171 McDougall & Hoxie, ins. bk'rs.. 274 McFadden & Reed, impr. glass.. 244 McGuinness, E. & Co., iron wkrs. 197 McGuire &8 Sloane, carpenters.. 146 Mclvaine & Baldwin, wines.... 286 McKinney & Co., tea s........... 287 McLoughlin, J., plumber...... 316 McNulty, A., insurance......... 282 McWilliam Bros., towing......H. 311 Mcgill, E. L., inventor........... 184 Mehrbach, S., sale stables.. 2 Oo Cp & pr... 261 Menzel, H., marine ins........ 2u.. 254 Menzies, Wm., dentist.......... 273 Merchants Ins. Co.............2 i.. 208 Merchants Print Works....... 2 t r B es.. 254 Merrill, J. I., oysters........ Vcrne... 214 Mervin & Co., tailors............ 137 Mesier, L., real estate........... 102 Metallic Cap Mfg. Co. (The)......as 290 Metropolitan Plate Glass Ins. Co. (The)..................... 172 Metropolitan Steam Laundry.. 370 Meyer, G., carriage m'f,r....... 267 Meyer, J. J. D., cigars.......... 277 Meyer, R., optician............. 290 Meyerhoff, 1-., shirt-maker..L&So fiei.... 263 Meyers, H. M., storage.......... 226 Michael, H., grocer............ 258 Middleton, N., druggist.......... 275 Miller, F. & Sons, blacking, etc. 146 Millin, J. J., printer...2 Ptr......... 220 Mills, Wm. & Son, fish-hooks..., 225 Minford, L.W.& Co., commission 309 Mitchell. A. H. & Bro., flour....mr. 257 Molloy, J., undertaker.......... 293 Montanye, WV. H. & Co., coffee.. 159 Moore, P. lumber inspector...,isrne... 239 Moore & Sinnott, distillers...... 115 Mordecai & Bellamy, real estate 89 Morison. G. S., civil engineer.... 238 Morris, M. W., architect.......20Pie,.. 240 Morrell, J. H., real estate...1 Pn v at Cl.... 105 Morrow, J., roofing............. 151 Mott, J. W., coal, etc............ 225 Mott & Sands, hat m'f'is........ 138 Moseley & Moody, m'f'rs collars 165 Muller, Geo., m'f'r shoes........ 134 Muller, A. H. & Son real estate. 98 Mulhallon, W. V. A. real estate 100 Mulligan. Geo., builder.......... 316 Mundy, J. G., blank books, etc.. 147 Murphy, A., gent- frns. goods.. 250 Murtaugh, J., m'f'r dumib wait ers........................ 196 Musical Courier (The)........29 Phsk.... 289 Mutual Benefit Ice Co........... 237 Mutual Reserve Fund Life Assn. 132 National Sale & Ex'ge Stables.. 196 Navarro, J. N., com. mer....... 124 Nawrath, C. W. & Co., commis'n 213 Negus, T. S. & J. D., nautical in struments, etc................. 288 Nevius, P. I. & Son, ship bkrs... 291 Newell Universal Mill Co. (The). 133 Newlin, Isaac, teas............ 2r S... 284 New York Cement Co. (The)....F. 231 New York City Pottery......... 173 New York Compressirig Co........ 153 New York Fire Ins. Co. (The).... 130 New York Woven Label Mfg. Co 232 New York Lighterage & Trans. Co............................ 254 New Y'k Mat & Duster Mfg. Co. 262 New York Mutual Ins. Co...... 192 New York Natatorium & Physi cal Institute (The)............. 261 New York Pub. & Supply Co.... 175 New York Sportsmnan (The)................ 180 New York & China Tea Co...... 127 Niagara Fire Ins. Co. of N.Y... 226 Niagara Furn. & Baggage Ex.. 229 H Nichols, H. S., transp. agent.... 313 Niver, N, L., flour, etc.......... 273 Northam, Wm. L., coal, etc...29.eden..on,lais.tilr.. 293 Oakley, L. &. J., soap mfrs........ 258 Oakley, W. H. Jr., cambrics, etc. 218 Oakley &- Keating, laundry ma chiner-y....................... 218 Oberndorfer, I. & Co., gents gds. 196 O'Brien, T. K., carriage m'f'r...'264 O'Connell, T., butter, etc........ 271 O'Connor, L. J., architect....... 252 Odell, H., livery................ 272 O'Donohue's Sons, J., teas, etc. 314 O'Donnell, J. T., lighterage..... 289 O'Donohue, J. J. & Son, coffee, 283 Oechs, A., wines, etc............ 158 Ogden, W.. real estate,.......... 107 Ogden & Clark, real estate...... 98 Ogden & Katzenmayer, ins..... 119 Ogle, T., veterinary surgeon.. 2'25 Olena & Craig, wholesale liquor 174 Oliver, W. H. & Co., painting, etc 207 Oppermann, F., Jr., brewer.... 249 Orford, Copper & Sulpher Co... 234 Orie,nt. Mutual Ins. Co.......... 151 OShaughnessy &8 Sorley, com mission brokers................214 Ottinger & Bro., real estate.... 95 Outcalt, P. I. V., carpenter...... 252 Owens & Phillips, insurance.... 235 Pabst, T. & Co., glass........... 145 Packer, E. A, coal.............. 192 Paige's Hotel.................... 273 Palacio, C. &,Co., cigar mfr..... 230 Palme & Co., glassware........ 143 Pangburn, J., real estate........ 103 Parker House & Restaurant..... 160 Parsons, S. L & Son, fire ins.... 233 Parsons, Scarlett & Co., tailors. 119 Parks, N. A., oils................ 304 Partridge, J., furniture......... 309 Pate & Robb, insurance......... 242 Paterson, Bevans & Plowright, furnishing undertakers......... 311 Patterson, J. & Co., tailors...... 220 Pease, C. D. & Co., mfrs. piano fortes.......................... 186 Peck, H., real estate............. 106 Peck, C. M. & Co., insurance... 258 Peck, E. H. & Co., coffees...... 299 Peck, C. S., real estate.......... 106 Peek & Son, piano mfrs......... 166 Peiser, A., curer beef........... 264 Pennsylvania Steam Coal Co.... 198 People's Fire Ins. Co............ 253 Petersen, American Aerial Nav igation Co...................... 142 Phillips, A. J., com. mcht....... 283 Phillips, J. L., printer......... 225 Phillips, L. J. & I., real estate... 95 Phoenix Boarding & Livery Sta bles.......................... 282 Pierce, J. S., real estate.......... 107 Pitniey, J. W., livery............. 307 Place, W. S., engraver.......... 277 Plummer, J. T., mfr. agt....... 180 Pohalski, P., cigar mfr.......... 232 Pollock & Van Wagenen, machi nists' supplies................ 269 Post, G. B., architect............ 116 Potter Bros., real estate......... 102 Potter, Wm., livery............. 307 Potts, F. A. & Co., coal.......... 129 Powell, Bros. & Co., shoe manfr. 162 Powell, Wenigmann & Smith, mfrs. cigars.................... 189 Powers, M. F., teas.............. 287 Powers, D. & Sons, mfr. oil-cloths 128 Preston, J. F. & Co., belting..... 220 Pi-ice. C. R., insurance........... 236 Priest, C. M., livery........... 307 Proehl, A., mfr. nautical inst... 291 Pustet, F. & Co., publishers..... 219 Macnabb, photographer......... 2.70 Macray & Bro, granite works Lgtr.. 197 Maher, T., coal.................. 136 Mahoney Bros., contractors........ 174 Maillard, H., m'f'r cocoas....... 305 Maltine Mfg. Co., mfg. chemists 308 Maltby, G. E., oysters, etc...... 203 Manhattan Rolling Mill......... 186 Mann, Soule & Co., coal shippers 235 Marchal & Smith Piano & Or-, gan Co. (The).................. 151 Marcus, G. m'f'r feathers....... 247 Maris, J. M. & Co,, m'f'rs drug gists' glass-ware.............. 193 Martin & Ritchie, tea packers.. 281 Maryland Union Coal Co. (The).. 202 Mason, E. M., real estate........ 103 Mason, J. W., skates............ 179 Mathesius Bros. & Co., furniture. 132 Mathers' Sons, Geo., p'nting inks 304 Matt Morgan Art Pottery Co.... 130 Mattes, E. & Son, m'f'rs hat ven tilators........................ 255 Maurer, H., fire-brick........... 190 Maury, geographies and maps... 213 Kertscher, H., cabinet mlflr..... 197 Khuen, C., druggist............. 259 Kleffmann, A., m'f'r cigars..... 191 Klenen, M. & Co., real estate.... 110 Klippert, C. F., pharmacy 251 Knickerbocker Trust Co......... 135 Knickerbocker Plaster Mills..... 131 Kobertein, F., cutter 267 Kostka, V., druggist........... 263 Krauss, J., importer baskets....'209 Kross, C. F., wines, etc.......... 287 Kruedelbach, C., decorator..... 239 Kyte, A. R., exporter.......... 304 Laflin & Rand Powder Co....... 228 Lalor, Win., real estate......... 93 LaMontagne, E. & Sons, com. merchants..................... 170 Lane, L., lamps, etc............. 176 Langdon, P. C., lumber......... 214 Laiizer, J., sash factory......... 228 Larenden, M. W., com. mer.... - 288 Latteman, J. J., m'f'r shoes.... 282 Lawrence Kilduff & Co., real estate......................... 94 Laws, J. Q., tailor............... 168 Lawson Non-explosive Boiler Co. (The)...................... 157 Laughlin, G. H., livery.......... 2,'O LeBi-un, N. & Son., architects.. 255 Ledlie, C. H., hydraulic eng.... 207 Lediard & Co., whiskies, etc. "' 285 Lee, James,& Co., importei-s.... 312 Leeming,,r. & co., milk food... 113 Lefferts, R., candle m'f'r....... 114 Lengemann & Burne, flcy g'ds.. 177 Leonard, P. H., glassware...... 185 Lesher, Whitman & Co., trim'gs 167 Lester, Geo., cigars............ 174 Lewis, D. H., liquors, etc........ 285 Lewis, J. M., insurance......... 252 Levinson, S., m'f'r artificial fl'rs 140 Levy, B. S., real estate.......... 104 Lewis & Harris. real estate...... 102 Linde, C. F. &Co., broom m'f'i-s 143 Lips, J., woollen-g'ds refinisher. 12,' Littell, E. T., architect.......... 242 Littell & Reeves, m'f'rs syringes 235 Lissber,-er, L. & Co., pig-iron... 111 Lloyd, A., store agent........... 278 Lloyds Plate Glass Ins. Co...... 135 Lockwood & Geery, wines, etc.. 299 Loewer's Gambrinus Brewery.. 140 Logan, J. P., m'f'rs agent....... 216 Lon n Assurance Corporation ofdfor-.don (The).............. 111 Longstreet's H'Iem River Trans portation & Express Line.... 233 Longstreet, J. H., tel. ins'm'nts, 146 Loos, C. & O., carriage m'flrs... 227 Lord's Cleaning & Dyeing....... 185 Lothrop & Scott, insurance.... 121 Luckenbach, L., towing......... 312 Ludlow, E. R. & Co., real estate, 88 Lum, Wm. H., m'f'r glass-ware, 166 Lyman, T. C. & Co., brewers... 159 Lynch, W. B. & Co., real estate, 99 Lyons, J. H. & Co. woollens... 127 Lyric Hall Dancini Academy... 150 Qiiackenbush, Townsend & Co., hardware...................... 224 ueen Insurance Co............ 201 uincy, S., earthen ware........ 158 uinian, J. J., hardware........ 166 Raiman & Ackerman, carpen ters........................ 200 Rath, N. & Co., importers.:::... 297 Raymond, J. C., real estate..... 109 Read, G. R., real estate.......... 91 Redfern & Sons, ladies' tailors. - 139 INDEX. Smith, E. L., undertaker........ 257 Smith J. D., lamp mfr..................... 243 Smith, J. P., groceries........16 V Na Br... 156 Smith, J. Van Ness, insurance.. 240 Smith, M. H., mfr- bustles, etc.... 266 Smith, R. A. C., railway supplies. 242 Smith, S. T., whiskies, etc...... 286 Smith, A.&Son, mfr. brushes,etc 296 Smith, B. & W. B., artistic fix... 145 Smith & Stevens Mfg Co. (The). 221 Smyth, B., real estate........... 94 Snedeker M..carpenter.......19 Wge,.. 1m9 Snyder's Cigar Emporium...... 2.75 Soll, Wm., sewing machines...... Wat 2C57 Solomon, S. wines, etc.......... 315 Son, J. P., paper................. 176 Sonneborn, F. W., printer.......,cmm.in 197 Sonnenburg & Liebel, tailors.... 266 Stake, G. W., real estate......... 106 Standard Rouge and Crocus Wks......................... 237 Star Rubber Co. (The)........... 245 Stearns, J. T., real estate...... 9 Watr.. 94 Stearns & Co., fertilizers........ 217 Steglich & Base, custom-house brokers........................ 280 Steigerwald, I., meat market.... 247 Steamrn, E., wines, etc............ 297 Sterling Rubber Co. (The)....... 305 Stetson, G. W. & Co., pig-iron... 119 Stetson, T. D., solicitor patents. 171 Stickney, Conynham&Co., coals. 114 Stirn & Lyon, impr of toys...... 154 Stodder, S., stereotyper.......2 WheT.. 229 Stokes, J. R., veterinary surgeon 265 Straus, I.. coal, etc............... 2m0 Straus, Blumenthal & Co., fancy goods, etc................ 136 Streeter, W. H., real estate...... 102 Studwell, E. A., real estate...... 103 Sturke, H.. grocer...........2 WlsJ.... 204 St. James Hotel............1 WlsW..... 137 St. Nicholas Hotel............... 190 St. Paul Fire and Marine Ins. Co. 225 Sugden, E., importer of shawls. 126 Sun Fire Ins. Co................ 203 Swan, Joseph, silks, velvets,etc. 312 Swett, G. W. & Co., druggist..... 245 Sweeny, M. J., teas..........3 W J.... 305 Swift & Co., wagon builders..... 117 Reed, S.B., architect.............. 259 Regen, Charles, mfrs. agent.... 315 Regensburg, E., cigars.......... 309 Reid J. & Co., importers........ 301 Reeve, Osborn & Co., teas...... 281 Reilly, H., com. mcht........... 263 Renehan, J., plumber........... 271 Rice, S. W. & Co., mfr. base balls 214 Richards & Sause, real estate... 91 Rietze, F., tailor................ 250 Ringler, F. A. & Co., electron etc. 195 Rintoul Brewery (The)........... 260 Roberts, A., mother-of-pearl....- 212 Roberts, R. J., needles.......... 145 Roberts, S., mfr. leather belting 126 Robertson, T. B.,-real estate.... 103 Robinson, G., mfr. lace. etc.... 158 Robinson, J. & Co., mfr. corks 153 Robst, H. & A., bakers' supplies. 222 Rock, M., tailor................ 132 Rockingham & Van Corlear Boarding Stables (The)........ 307 Rogers, G. W., barges, etc...... 207 Rogers. J., architect............ 216 Rogers, R. C., fancy goods...... 256 Rogers, C. B. & Co., wood mach ine ry.... 126 Robdenburg, T. H., hay etc..... 251 Rolet, P., iron yard 20.......... Ronner, J. H. J., boxes........ 218 Rose, Carl L. & Cohen, cloaks.. 179 Ross, D., flo rist.................. 187 Rothmann, J. H., butter, etc.... 261 Rottenberg Blank Book Co..... 270 Rowland, J. T., contractor...... I70 Rowland's Stables.............. 172 Royal Ins. Co.................... 246 Runk, Unger & Co., wines, etc. 162 Rushworth, J., mfr. engines.... 230 Talbot & Phillips, coal............ 116 Tallon & Stadtfeld, furn. movrs. 303'3 Taylor, Geo., metal spinners.... 183 Temple, T. J. & Co., insurance. 206 Terry, Thos. H., real estate...... 110 Thole & Gray, plumbers.......... 222 Thomas & Eckerson, real estate. 92 Thompson J. & Co., twines..... 1.38 Thompson, Wm. J., undertaker. 275 Thompson, Wm. & P., wines, etc. 297 Thompson Bros., coffees........ 297 Thompson & Henry, sugars, etc. 283 Thornhil J., flowers............... 194 Thurber, Whyland & Co., whole sale grocers.................... 112 Tier, Chas. A., florist......... 14 Wli... 1 84 Tindale, E. H., hatter...........tnket 277 Tindall, R. B. & Co., dusters 18. ias..... 184 Tinsley, J. H., printer.......Wn t.. 291 Tirrill's Equalizing Gas Machine. 152 Tisch, C.. furniture............ 215 Tollner, Chas., Jr., mfr. frames 161 Tracey, J. M., livery................... 278 Traver. J. P. & Co., auctioneers. 306 Transatintic Fire Ins. Co...... 196 Travers Bros., mfr hammocks.. 123 Tree, L. E., glassware.......... 218 Tucker, S. L. & Co., mfr. linimt. 265 Turgis, J. & Co., engravings, etc. 186 lurkowsky, A. O., plumbing.... 263 Tyler, W. A., whiskies, etc...... 300 Underwood, J. & Co., mf'r chem. 208 Union Brass Manufacturing Co. 296 Union Steam Carpet Cleaning Works........ws.......... 211 United States Cement Co. (The) 301 Upjohn, R. M., architect....... 164 Utter, S. S., stoves, etc.........1. 207 Vacuum Oil Co................. 290 Van Auken, J. A., real estate... 99 Van Beuren & Munson, advr'sng 194 Vandenhenden, R., drugs....... 3ce &12 Salamander Works, mfr. sewer pipes, etc................... 183 Sandkuhl, E. F., wines.... 201 Sartorius, A & Co., imp. bronze powder................ 165 Satterlee, Bostwick & Martin... 198 Savery. B. M. hollow ware...... 160 Schall & Co., confectioners mate rials... 176 Schiffer, H....................... ~childwachter C. C., carriage maker..... 250 Schlehenried, A., druggist...... 233 Schmeckenbecher's Sons, M., car penter 271 Schmid, C.','wo~od' turning...... 259 Schmidt, H. G. & Co., importers 274 Schoonmaker. F. W., drugs.... 188 Scott & Myers, real estate....... 90 Scott, Wm. P., sporting goods.. 227 Schuster, J.. mfr. mirrors, etc. 116 Schuyler & Roach, ins. and real estate.......................... 109 Schwab, S. M., Jr. & Co., mfr. handkerchiefs................ 294 Schwartz, A., medals etc....... 171 Schwartz, E. H., painters' sup plies, etc..................... 236 Schwartzman & Buchman, architects.................... 306 Schweitzer, H. apothecary..... 194 Seagrave, O., pattern maker... 280 Seaich, Joseph & Son, livery... 259 Seaman, D. M., real estate...... 101 Seaman, A. & Son, masons' ma terials.......................... 183 See & Lowe, A. S., ins. agt...... 215 Seitz's Sons, N., brewery........ 239 Seligman & Co., cloaks, etc...... 143 Serrell, L. W., solicitor patents.. 207 Seton & Co., real estate........ 105 Seward & Hopwood, ins....... 302 Shackleford, J. T., harness..... 197 Shaw's Sons. F. J., painters.... 273 Shepard & Dudley, surgical in strumen ts..................... 126 Sherman, J. D. W., whiskies.... 287 Sherman & Taylor, coffee...... 281 Sherwood & Sease, livery...... 299 Siebrecht & Wadley, florists.... 147 Siegel, J., real estate............ 104 Siegel A. & Sons, tailors......... 275 Simonds Mfg Co., furnaces...... 221 Simonson, G. M., examiner dry goods......................... I Vanderveer & Holmes, Biscuit Co 155 Van.Name Bros., oysters....... 212 Van Orden Bros., oysters....... 22,' Vogel, G. F., furniture.......... 178 Vo eley, A., glass cutter........ 219 Vofkmar, H. G., I' ry........ 2,3 Volzing, Ch..., real estate...... 110 Vorek, A., tailor................. 23:3 Vreeland, F., hardware........ 247 Wagner, J. H., manuflct'r eikars 2(,3 Wagner & Kellax-n, grocers -.. 145 Wait, Creighton & Morrison, md,3. brokers........................ 302 Wakefleld Rattan Co............ 211 Walden, J. H., com. mei-cl)ant.. 190 Walther, B., shoe manufacturer. 209 Walker, G., brush manufact'er. 277 Wallabout Oil Works.......... 292 Wallace, J., taxidermist....... I f).5 Wallace, R. & Son's., Mfg. Co... 1.5, Walters, R. M., pianos.......... 295 Waltine Mfg. Co., mfg. chemists 308 Ward, G., stair builder......... III Ward's, Owen, Sons, paper stock 303 Warren, H. T., real estate...... 109 Warren Thread Co. (The)....... 2.55 Waterbury, S. & Son., shoe mf'r. 159 Waters, Ill., brush man'factu'r.. 231 Weaver Terry Fabric Mf'g. Co.. 128 Weckherlin, H., straw goods.... 264 Wehle, T., mf'r percussion caps. 176 Wehle, T. & Co. insurance br' 6 Weidemeyer, M. C., book dealer. 247 Weiskopf, E., mfr optical lenses. 261 Weisl EFros., mf r cloaks, etc.... 1812 Weissbein, A., mflr infaDtS'food. 162 Welcker & Ries, laces, etc...... 2L'O Wel 8, J. I:, real estate......... 96 We, S, J. N, real estate......... 106 Wel s, Wm. H. & Co., machine. 292 Welto & Sons., orchestrions.... -,5 Wendt, C. E., insurance broker. 217 Wekerle, George, livery......... Wessells, J. C., carpenter...... 248 West Side Architectural Iron Works..........:.............. 210 Wexel, J. W., Mexican exporter. 207 Wheeler, A. G., boots, etc 212 Whitaker, J. E., real estate..... 110 White & Co., coal, etc 271 White's P. Sons., fei-tiii'ze'r's','e't'c'. 193 White, Wm. A. & Sons., real est. 100 Whitman Saddle Co............. 115 Whitney & Kemmerei-, coal ship "f......... 122 'rrs el paper'"' iting hanging, etc................... 125 Whiton, A. S., steel rails, etc.... 125 Wieczorek, A., chemist......... 130 Wilcox & May, lamps, etc 134 Wile, J. & Bro., wines...,....... 182 Willet & Hathorn, woodenware. 215 Williams, W. E., cart manft'ing. 223 Williamsburg Brewing Co...... 200 Willis, W. H - manufECturlrs agt. 149 Wilson, W. H., trunks, etc.... 270 Winans, H., real estate........ 106 Wingert, G., upholstery......... 247 Winfoi,d, L. W. & Co., commis sion................. 309 Winterbottom, J. -i n,..,. -iner al directors.................... 256 Wirbel, R. A. & Co., gloves, etc. 266 Wisnowski, J., apothecary...... 249 Woehrle, C., hardware......... 256 Wolf, S., ainters' supplies..... 187 Wo,fsbruc, S., infants, ware... 235 Wood, F. R., carr' man'fr... 143 Wood, J. H., uph=rer....... 240 Wood & Blond-el, printers....... 214, Wood & Selick hemists........ 183 Woods' Gymnsium, J.......... 261 Woods, W. D., tailor............ 217 Woods, S. A. Machine Co..'6".' 177 Worcester Excursion Car o. 124 Wright, G' H., iron rails, etc.... 228 Wright, J. T., mf'r glassware... 215 Yorkville Storage Warehouse.. 235 Yung, F., tailor.................. 263 t r f Zahn. O., floi,.qt................. 267 Zucker & Levett Chemical .. 2a A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF THE GREAT METROPOLIS. A MERE MENTION OF NUMERIOUS FACTS CONNECTED WITH ITS HISTORY, GROWTH, AND IMPORTANCE, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF THE NEW YORK PRODUCE EXCHANGE AND KINDRED INSTITUTIONS AS WELL AS CITIZENS AND STRANGERS. Manhattan Island was discovered by Henry Hudson in September, i609. The first settlement on the island was made by the Dutch in I623, and was located at the southwestern extremity, being known as New Amsterdam. The first application for a municipal form of government was made in I649, and in the following year the Lord State General of the Netherlands caused a burgher form of government to be erected. In I664 the island was captured by the English, and the name was then changed from New Amsterdam to New York, Governor Nicolls granting a charter in I665. In July, I673, the Dutch recaptured the city and named it New Orange, but it was restored to the English in November, I674, who continued to hold it till November, I783,when it was taken possession of by the United States Government, and rapidly grew in size, wealth, and commercial importance. In I678 Governor Andros thus wrote of the colony: "Our merchants are not many, but with inhabitants and planters about 2,000 able to bear arms, old inhabitants of the place or of England, except in and near New Yorke, of Dutch extraction, and some few of all nations, but few servants, much wanted, and but very few slaves." In I703 the population had increased to 4,436; in I712, to 5,840; in 1723 there were 7,248 inhabitants, of whom 1,362 were slaves; in I737 the population had increased to Io0,664, while in I77I the population of the city and county of New York had increased to 21,863, Albany at that time having a still larger population. The city's trade had also grown to considerable dimensions, for by a Government document, dated 1728, the amount of the imports were Z21,005 I2s. IId., and the exports ~78,571 6s. 4d., so at tl, at early date New York was entitled to the honor of being the most important of the various American seaports. By the grant of the province and city to the Duke of York in I663-'64, the powers of government were vested in him, and were accordingly exercised by his Governors until he ascended the throne of Great 2 33 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. Britain, when his rights as proprietor merged in the Crown, and the Province ceased to be a Charter Govern. ment. From that time till the evacuation it was a British Crown Colony. LOCATION.-The city of New York comprises the whole of Manhattan Island, Blackwell's, and other smaller islands, and what is termed the "Annexed District," north of the Harlem river. It is bounded north by the city of Yonkers, east by the Bronx river and the East river, south by the bay, and west by the Hudson or North river. Its extreme length north from the Battery is sixteen miles; its greatest width from the mouth of the Bronx west to the Hudson is 4y miles; its area is 4I11 square miles, or 26,5oo00 acres. Several localities in the upper portion of Manhattan Island are popularly known by different names. Yorkville and Harlem are on the east side, the former in the vicinity of 86th street, the latter of 125th street; on the west side are Bloomingdale, Manhattanville, opposite Yorkville and Harlem respectively. The city is the principal customs port of entry in the United States, and comprises in the district, Brooklyn, Jersey City, Hoboken, etc. About sixty per cent. of the foreign commerce of the nation is carried on through New York, about 20,000 vessels annually entering and clearing, among them being numbers of the finest mail steamships in the world. Her trade relations with Europe are very close and w;dely d;vers/ed. The population of the city as given by the last Feaeral census, in r,,o, is r,2o6,'oo, but it is now (i883) much larger. It is in every respect the metropolis of the New World, and bids fair to become the greatest and most powerful of any modern community. THE FUTURE OF NEW YORK-GRAPHIC PEN PICTURE OF WHAT THE METROPOLIS MAY BE.-In looking at the present condition of New York, and in scanning the prodigious strides in wealth, prosperity, and size that it has made within two hundred years, it is far from improbable that the following graphic description of the future New York-a world's metropolis-may not be realized during the succeeding generation: In x656, New York city contained i,Jo souls; in 1771, 22,000; in i800oo, 60,489; in 1840, 312,7o10; and in r88o, 1,206,5oo00, and fifty years hence the enormous population of 4,250,000 will be domiciled within its limits, which, together with the population of Brooklyn-for the latter city will have long since fallen into the vortex of metropolitan life and activity, and the twain have been made one by the ties of several other bridges-will give a grand total of 7,000ooo,ooo000 souls. To accommodate this vast swarm of human beings the present city boundary on the north, now extending in a straight line from Mt. St. Vincent to the Bronx river above Woodlawn, will be pushed upward until the city of Yonkers is swallow' up on the Hudson river side, and the town of New Rochelle on the Sound, while on the Long Isla (eastern boundary, the metroplitan limits will be pushed out till they encircle Flushing and Jamaica. New York Island proper will undergo most radical changes. The horse-car in its present form will have vanished from the streets and avenues. Elegant and commodious double-deckers, propelled by compressed air, will glide noiselessly along. A half-a-dozen underground railroads, with lateral branches, will honeycomb the old city, while elevated roads will line the avenues, connect the piers, and cross the city at short intervals. The lumbering truck of the present day, with its deafening rumble, will be a curiosity in the museum. The merchant will load his goods from his basement or second story directly upon the underground or elevated freight cars. To a resident of to-day, remembering the ceaseless roar and rumble and clatter, the streets will seem to be wrapped in a Sabbath stillness. Private carriages and elegant cabs will flit hither and thither over the wooden and asphalt pavements. Broadway will be "arcaded," that is, the present sidewalk will be doubled in size by removing the show windows and constructing an elegant; covered way lighted with electricity, paved with marble, lined with bazars and booths. In fact, the sidewalks of the main streets and avenues everywhere will be double their present width, for while the wheeling will be greatly diminished, the' promenaders, shoppers, sight-seers, and foot-passengers generally will be increased a hundredfold. There will be very few dwelling-houses below 59th street. Business will crowd them above the Park. The underground railway stations, lighted by electricity, will be mbodels of elegance and comfort. Around them will cluster shops, restaurants, express offices, parcel and message deliveries, telegraph offices, booths and bazars, until almost another world will be in existence beneath the feet of the passer-by on the streets above. Pneumatic tubes will project letters, packages, and messages from one end of the city to the other. Ponderous steam elevators will carry you to the twelfth story of the vast central edifices of the period, land you at the level of the elevated roads, or lower you to the depth of the underground station. Few people will cook their own food. Movable kitchens from the establishments of vast victualling companies will halt at appointed hours before dwelling and apartment houses, and the food will be set upon the table scientifically prepared, and far below the cost of home methods. All city railroads, elevated and underground, will be "in correspondence," that is, one ticket will permit the holder to leave the main line and proceed by a branch one. Life will tend to great entres, 34 BIRD'-EYEVIEWOF NW YOK. 3 colossal "United Stores," like the present Macy's, only ten times its size and a hundred times more com. plete, all under one roof, with three tiers of railroads passing its doors, great hostelries, great apartment houses, covering the entire block, with gardens in the centre, grand entertainment centres, with opera, theatre, museum, circus, and concert, all under one roof, and great depots of steam power for cooking heating, and propelling machinery. Fire risks will have been so reduced by scientific modes of construction that insurance companies will have found their " occupation gone "and have passed away. And last, though far from least, the streets of the "Great Metropolis," swept by perfected sweepers, will fairly glow in their cleanliness, and" Mana-hata Isle of the Blest" will be itself a world centre of art and science, wealth and refinement, trade and commerce, pleasure and amusement, such as we of to-day, with our sluggish imaginations, can little dream of. CITY GOVERNMENT.-The city's powers of self-government are derived under a Legislative charter, which is amended as causes arise therefor. The Mayor and Aldermen, with the heads of the various departments formed into Boards of Commissioners, are the governing bodies. The Departments are as fol lows: Finance, Public Works (inclusive of Water Works), Parks, Docks, Police, Charities and Correction, Fire, Health, Buildings, Education, and that of Taxes and Assessments. The Aldermen are twenty-two in number, and have power to pass, enforce, and repeal civic ordi. uances subject to the Mayor's approval, and to pass resolutions over his veto by a two-thirds vote. The public buildings of the city are of a substantial character. THE CITY HALL is located in a pretty park near the Court-house, and was finished in I812 at a cost of ever $500,000. It is built of marble, 2i6 feet long by o105 feet deep, and affords accommodations forthe Mayor and Common Council, City Library, and various departments. The "Governor's Room" contains the desk on which George Washington penned his first message to Congress, the chairs used by the first Congress, the chair in which Washington was inaugurated first President of the United States, and a gallery of paintings, embracing portraits of many of the Mayors of the city, State Governors, and leading national officers and Revolutionary heroes. THE COUNTY COURT-HOUSE is a magnificent marble structure on the northern side of City Hall Park, and was begun in I86I, being still unfinished internally and as to the dome. It has been occupied since I867 and affords accommodation to the State Courts, County Clerks, Sheriff's Office, etc. It is 254 feet long by 150 feet wide. THE POST-OFFICE is one of the largest and finest buildings in the city. It is a commanding structure, at the junction of Broadway and Park Row, and is 279 feet front, overlooking City Hall Park, with two facades on the east and west, each 2622 feet long. The front is I44 feet wide; the building was complete in i87y at a cost of over $6,ooo,ooo, and affords abundance of room for the Post-office, United States Courts, Law Library, etc. The postal force employed here under Mr. Pearson, the Postmaster, numbers about x,2oo00, and with the various branch stations, and an efficient system of deliveries and collections, successfully and promptly meets the requirements of the public in this direction. POLICE.-The Police Headquarters are in a fine, large marble-front building at No. 3oo00 Mulberrystrec where the Commissioners, Superintendents, Inspectors, and Detectives have their offices. The force numbers all told about 3,00ooo men, and is, on the whole, a well-drilled and efficient body. The patrolmen al roundsmen's salaries are from $800 to $I,200 per annum each. The precinct station-houses arc located a follows: No. I. —54 New street. 2.-Highbridge. l 4 —9 Oak street. 5.-I9 Leonard street. i.-247 Madison street. 8.-Prince, corner Wooster street. 9.-94 Charles street. o10.-89 Eldridge street. I i.-Union Market. 12.-126th street, between Third and Fourth aves. 13.-Attorney and Delancey streets. I4.-205 Mulberry street. 15.-22I Mercer street. 16.-230 West 20th street. 17.-First avenue and 5th street. 18.-327 East 22d street. 9.-East 5ist, between Third and Lexington aves. No. 20o.434 West 37th street. 2I.-I2o East 35th street. 22.-347 West 47th street. 23.-88th street and Avenue A. 24.-Harbor police boat No. I. 25.-34 East 29th street. 26.-City Hall. 27.-oCorner Liberty and Chur ch streef 28.-220 East 59th street. 29.-137 West 3oth street. 30.-x26th street and Eighth avenue. 3i. —iooth street, between Ninth and Tenthw nues. 32.-Tenth avenue and iS2d street. 33. —Morrisania Town HalL 34.-Tremont. 35.-Klngsbridge. BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. 35 86 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT has its headquarters at I55 Mercer street, and is governed by three Commis, sioners. Theforce numbers about 85o men, and is well-equipped with 43 steam-fire engines, I9 hook and ladder trucks, and other appliances. There is an excellent fire-alarm telegraph system, and considering the inferior head of water and the long distance to be traversed in many cases, the Brigade does its work well. BOARD OF HEALTH.-The Board of Health is composed of the President of the Board of Police, the Health Officer of the Port, and two Commissioners appointed by the Mayor. The sanitary condition of the city is placed in its hands, and a corps of physicians is employed to inspect the tenement districts. The Bureau of Vital Statistics is also connected with this Department. THE BOARD OF EDUCATION is composed of twenty-one Commissioners appointed by the Mayor, and who in turn appoint Local Boards of Trustees. The headquarters are at I46 Grand street. There are 300 schools under its control, where over 275,000oo children receive free instruction upon an extended scale, requiring the services of over 3,500 teachers, at a total cost of nearly $4,000,00ooo per annum. THE DEPARTMENT OF DOCKS has charge of the entire river front of twenty-five miles, and is con. trolled by three Commissioners appointed by the Mayor. The principal piers and docks are located as follows: NORTH RIVER. OLD NO. I 2, 3 4 5, 6, 7 8 ' 9, IO II 12 I3 14 I5 X6 x9 20 2I 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Battery place. Battery place and Morris. Morris. Morris and Rector streets. Rector street. Rector and Carlisle streets. Carlisle street. Albany street. Albany and Cedar streets. Cedar street. Liberty street. Liberty and Cortlandt streets. Cortlandt street. Cortlandt and Dey streets. Dey street. Fulton street. Fulton and Vesey streets. Vesey street. Vesey and Barclay streets. Barclay street. Barclay and Park placn Park place. Murray street. Warren street. 20 Chambers streett. 2i Duane street. Jay street. Harrison streets Franklin street. EAST RIVER. NO. 25, 26 Peck slip. 27 Dover street. 28 Dover and Roosevelt stre 29 Roosevelt street. 30 Roosevelt and James slip. 3I, 32 James slip. 33 Oliver street. 34, 35 Catherine street. 36 Catherine and Market street 37, 38 Market street. 39 Market and Pike streets. 40, 4I Pike street. 42 Pike and Rutgers streets. 43, 44 Rutgers street. 45 Rutgers and Jefferson street 46 Jefferson street. 1, 2 Whitehall street. 3, 4 Moore and Broad streets. 5 Broad and Coenties slip. 6, 7, 8 Coenties slip. 9, Io Coenties Old slip. I, I12 Old slip. 13 Old slip and Gouverneur lam, 14 Jones' lane. 15, I6 Wall street. 17 Pine street. i8 Maiden lane. 19 Fletcher street. 20, 2i Burling slip. 22 Fulton street. 83 Beekman street. i4 Beekman and Peck slipr I BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. 36 NEW NO. OLD No. 36 38 39 40 42 North Moore street 26 Beech street. Hubert street. Vestry street. Watts street. Canal street. 34 Canal street. 35 Spring street. 36 Spring and Charlton streeft 37 Charlton street. 38 King street. 39 West Houston street. 40 Clarkson street. 4i Leroy street. 42 Morton street. 43 Barrow street. 44 Christopher street. 45 West ioth street. 46, 47 Charles street. Perry street. West iith street. Bethune street. Horatio street. Gansevoort street Bogart street. Bloomfield street. Little 12th street. West 13th street. West i5th streel 54 55 56 57 58 59 6o 6i 62 63 33 34 3S I i iI i a i 88 BRD'-EYEVIE OF EW ORK No. 47 Jefferson and Clinton streets. 48 Clinton street. 49 Clinton and Montgomery streets 50 Montgomery street. 5I, 52 Gouverneur street. 53 Jackson street. 54 Corlears street. 55 Cherry street. 56, 57 Broome street. 58, 59 Delancey street. 60 Rivington street. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS.-This department is in charge of a Commissioner who has the care of the Croton Aqueduct and distribution of water supply, streets and sewers, lighting of streets, and repairs to public buildings. WATER SUPPLY.-The Croton Aqueduct conveys a supply of pure water about 40 miles, from the Croton river to the city, where it is distributed through about 4oo00 miles of main pipes. The supply of 95,o000,00ooo of gallons per day is not sufficient for the wants of the city, and a Commission is now (I883) sitting to decide as to building a new aqueduct. STREETS AND AVENUES.-Below I4th street the streets are irregularly extended and were originally laid out to suit the local convenience of the inhabitants when the city was of small extent. Above I4th street, however, they are laid out at right angles with rigid accuracy, crossing the island from shore to shore, and numbering consecutively up into the two hundreds, or out into the suburbs. The avenues are, in the majority of cases, similarly numbered and extend in parallel straight lines to the Harlem river. The principal ones and the finest in the city for residence purpose are Madison and Fifth avenues. The latter is the fashionable location for private mansions. It presents a magnificent vista of elegant residences, churches, etc., from its commencement at Washington square up to 59th street, whence it skirts the eastern side of Central Park, many fine houses being erected facing the Park. Madison avenue is also a ve:ry fashionable thoroughfare, while Lexington avenue is filled with a good class of flats and other houses. Second, Third, Fourth, and Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth avenues are almost entirely given up to trade, with slight exceptions, and thousands of retail merchants do a thriving business with the people who live on the side streets. BRADWAY, the great central artery of the city, extends from the Battery to Central Park, a distance of five miles, and is built up for almost its entire distance with magnificent blocks of stores and offices, and is thronged with the business men of this and other communities, and with thousands of vehicles of all kids LOCATION OF THE STREETS. Avenue A, from 230 East Houston street north to East 93d street. Avenue B, from 294 East Houston street north to East river, foot of 2oth street. Avenue C, from 358 East Houston street north to East river, foot of I8th street. Avenue D, from 426 East Houston street north to East river, foot of I6th street. Bank street, from 85 Greenwich avenue west to North river. Barclay street, from 227 Broadway west to North river. Barron street, from 6i Washington place west to N orth ri ver. Batavia street, from 78 Roosevelt street east to James street. Battery place, from I Broadway west to North river. Baxter street, from I36 Chatham street north to I73 Grand street. Bayard street, from 70 Division street west to ioS Baxter street. Beach street, from I32 West Broadway west to North river. Abattoir place, foot West 39th street. Abingdon place, West 12th street, between Eighth avenue and Greenwich street. Abingdon square, Bleecker street, from Bank to Eighth avenue, from 2 to 20 Eighth avenue, and from 505 to 609 Hudson street. Ackerman place, New Chambers street, between Chatham and William streets. l Albany street, from 122 Greenwich street to North river. Albion place, East 4th street, from. 55 to 78. Allen street, from io4 Division street north to I65 East Houston street. Amity place, South Fifth avenue, between Bleecker and West 3d street. Amity lane, rear I92y, Greene street. Ann street, from 222 Broadway east to 9 I Gold street. Ashland place, Perry street, between Greenwich avenue and Waverly place. Astor place, from 744 Broadway east to Third ave nue. Attorney street, from 236 Division street north to 317 East Houston street. I BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. 38 No. 6i 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Rivington and Stanton streetl Stanton street. 3d street. Sth street. 6th street. 7th street. Sth street. gth street. East ioth street. East i ith street. BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. Beaver street, from 8 Broadway to Pearl street. Bedford street, from I8o West Houston street north to 126 Christopher street. Beekman place, from 429 East 49th street north to East 5 Ist street. Belvedere place, West 3oth street between Ninth and Tenth avenues. Benson street, from io7 Leonard street north." Bethune street, from 782 Greenwich street. Bible House or 8th street, Fourth avenue, 9th street, and Third avenue. Billing's row, West 5oth street, between Eighth and Ninth avenues. Birmingham street, from 84 Henry street south to I37 Madison street. Bishop's lane, from 174 Chambers street south to I02 Warren street. Bleecker street, from 318 Bowery west and north to Eighth avenue. Bloomfield street, from 7 Tenth avenue west to North river. Bloomingdale road, continuation of Broadway north to Harlem river. Bogart street, from 539 West street to North river. Bond street, from 658 Broadway east to 328 Bowery. Boorman place, West 32d street, between Eighth and Ninth avenues. Boorman terrace, West 32d street, between Eighth and Ninth avenues. Boulevard, from West 59th street and Eighth ave nue to West 7oth street and Tenth avenue, thence to West i o6th street and Bloomingdale road, thence to 155th street and Eleventh avenue. Boulevard place, West I3oth street, between Fifth and Sixth avenues. Bowery, from 208 Chatham street north to Fourth avenue. (See New Bowery.) Bowling green, from Whitehall street west to State street. Brevoort place, East ioth street, between University place and Broadway. Bridge street, from 15 State street east to 98 Broad street. Broad street, from 2I Wall street south to East river. Broadway, from Battery place north to West 59th street and Boulevard. Broadway alley, from I53d East 26th street north to East 27th street. Broome street, from!5 East street west to Hudson street. Burling slip, from 234 Pearl street southeast to East river. Camden place, East I ith street, between Avenues B and C. Cambridge place, 125th street and Seventh avenue to Eighth avenue. Canal street, from I82 East Broadway west to North river. Cannon street, from 538 Grand street north to 443 East Houston street. Carlisle street, from II2 Greenwich street west to North river. Carmine street, from I Sixth avenue west to Varick street. Caroline street, from 2II Duane street north to 34 E Jay street. Carroll place, Bleecker street, between South Fifth avenue and Thompson street. G lharine street, from Bowery and Division street south to Cherry street. Catharine lane, from 344 Broadway east to Elm street. Cthrie ret t o Catharine market, f oot of Catha rine street. Catharine slip, from I 15 Cherry street to East river. Cedar street, from I8I Pearl street west to North river. Centre street, from Ci ty Hall park north to 433 Broome street. Centre market, Grand street, com er Centre street. Centre market place, from 172 Grand street -north s B room e street. Chambers street, from 66 Chatham street west to North river. Charles street, from 37 Greenwich avenue west to North river. Charles lane, from 692 Washington street west to West street. Charlton street, from 29 Macdougal street west to North river. Chatham street, from City Hall park and I66 Nsto street east to C hat ham s quare, Bo wery, and East Broadway. Chatham square, from 2 Catha rine street to East Broadway. Chelsea cottages, West 24th street, between Ninth and Tenth avenues. Cherry street, from 340 Pearl street east to East river. Chestnut street, from 8 Oak street nor th to 6 Madi son street. Christopher street, from 3 Greenwich avenue west to North river. Chrystie street, from 44 Division street north to II7 East Houston street. Church street, from 187 Fulton street north to 346 Canal street. City Hall place, from I5 Chambers street northeast to 485 Pearl street. City Hall square (the open space from Tyron row to Mail street). Clarke street, from 538 Broome street north to 226 Spring street. Clarkson street, from 223 Varick street west to North river. Cliff street, from IoI John street northeast to Hague street. Clinton street, from 295 East Houston street south to East river. Clinton alley, from 97 Clinton street west to Io2 Suffolk street. Clinton court, rear of I20 Clinton place. Clinton hall, I9 Astor place. Clinton market, Canal street, comer of West streel Clinton place, from 755 Broadway west to 94'Sixth avenue. Coenties' alley, from 73 Pearl street to 4o Stone street. Coenties' slip, from 66 Pearl street south to East river. College place, from 53 Barclay street north to I32 Chambers street. Collister street, from 5I Beach street north to 55 Laight street. Columbia place, 386 8th street. Columbia street, from 520 Grand street north to 42I East Houston street. Commerce street, from 286 Bleecker street west to 73 Barrow street. Congress street, from I77 West Houston streig to King street. Congress place, rear of 4 Congress street. 39 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. Cooper Union, on Fourth avenue, 8th street, and Third avenue. Corlears street, from 587 Grand street south to East river. Cornelia street, from 158 West 4th street west to Bleecker street. Cortlandt street, from I7i Broadway west to North river. Cortlandt alley, from 270 Canal street south to Franklin street. Cosmopolitan court, rear cff 32 West 13th street. Cottage place, Hancock street, between Bleecker and Houston streets. Cottage place, East 3d street, between Avenues B and C. Crosby street, from 28 Howard street north to 64 Bleecker street. Cuyler's alley, from 27 South street west to Water street. Davies place, West 36th street, between Broadway l and Sixth avenue. Decatur place, 7th street, from 96 to I I4. Delancey street, from iS8i Bowery east to East river. Depau place, I85 and I87 Thompson street. Depau row, Bleecker street, from 157 to I69. Depeyster street, from I39 Water street south to East river. Desbrosses street, from 195 Hudson street west to North river. Dey street, from I9i Broadway west to North river. Division street, from I Bowery east to 47i Grand street. Dixon's row, West I Ioth street, between Blooming dale road and Ninth avenue. Dominick street, fronm 13 Clarke street west to Hud son street. Donovan's lane, rear of I74 Pearl street. Dover street, from 340 Pearl street south to East river. Downing street, from 216 Bleecker street west to 208 Varick street. Doyers street, from 208 Chatham street north to 15 Pell street. Dry Dock, from 423 East Ioth street north to 21 East 12th street. Duane street, from 40 Rose street west to North river. Duncomb place, East 128th street, between Second and Third avenues. Dunham place, rear of I42 West 33d street. Dunscomb place, East 50th street, between First avenue and Avenue A. Dutch street, from 49 John street north to I o0 Fulton street. East street, from 750 Water street east to 375 Riv ington street. East place, rear of 214 Third street. East Broadway, from I99 Chathani street east to 503 Grand street. East Clinton place, rear of 50 Clinton street. East Houston street, from 608 Broadway east to East river. East river market, Avenue C, corner of East i6th street. East Tompkins place, East x th street, between Avenues A and B. East 4th street, from 694 Broadway east to East river. East 9th street, from 21 Fifth avenue cast to East river. East ioth street, from 33 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 1 ith street, from 9i Fourth avenue east to East river. East I1th street, from 57 Fifth avenue east to East river. East I3th street, from 6I Fifth avenue east to East river. East 14th street, from 67 Fifth Avenue east to East river. East I5th street, from 7I Fifth avenue east to East river. East i6th street, from 8I Fifth avenue east to East river. East I7th street, from 93 Fifth avenue east to East river. East I8th street, from I07 Fifth avenue east to East river. East igth street, from I17 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 2oth street, from I33 Fifth avenue east to East r iver. East 2Ist street, from I47 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 22d street, from I65 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 23d street, from i85 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 24th street, from I I Madison avenue east to East river. East 25th street, from 23 Madison avenue east to East river. East 26th street, from 215 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 27th street, from 23I Fifth avenue east to East river. East 28th street, from 249 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 29th street, from 263 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 3oth street, from 28I Fifth avenue east to East river. East 31st street, from 299 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 32d street, from 3I5 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 33d street, from 33I Fifth avenue east to East river. East 34th street, from 353 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 35th street, from 37I Fifth avenue east to East river. East 36th street, from 387 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 37th street, from 4o5 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 38th street, from 42I Fifth avenue east to East river. East 39th street, from 439 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 4oth street, from 457 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 4Ist street, fronm 477 Fifth avenue east to Eaiqt East 42d street, from 499 Fifth avenue east to East river. East 43d street, from 519 Fiith avenue east to East river. East 44th street, from 529 Fifth ave. east to East nowe. And so on to East I35th street, f{om F'fib Wrre east to East river. 40 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. Edgar street, 59 Greenwich street east to New Church street. Eighth street, from 94 Sixth avenue to East river. Eighth avenue, from 598 Hudson street north to Harlem river. Eldridge street, from 86 Division street north to East Houston street. Eleventh avenue, from West I4th street north to Harlem river. Elizabeth street, from 52 Bayard street north to Bleecker street. Elm street, from 14 Reade street north to Spring st. Essex street, from I60 Division street north to East ~ Houston street. sex market, Grand street to Essex street. Essex market place, from 68 Ludlow street east to Essex street. 'Exchange alley, from 55 Broadway west to New Church street. Exchange court, 74 Exchange place. Exchange place, from 6 Hanover street west to Broadway. Extra place, rear of Io First street. Ferry street, from 86 Gold street southeast to Pearl street. Fifth street, from 379 Bowery east to East river. Fifth avenue, from 13 Washington square north to Harlem river. First street, from 303 Bowery east to Avenue A. First avenue, from i66 East Houston street north to Harlem river. Fletcher street, from 208 Pearl street south to East river. Forsyth street, from 68 Division street north to East Houston street. Fourth avenue, from 402 Bowery north to Harlem river. Frankfort street, from I70 Nassau street east to Pearl street. Franklin street, from 64 Baxter street west to North iver. ,Franldin market, Old slip. Franklin place, from 68 Franklin street north to White street. Franklin square, from IO Cherry street to Pearl street. 'Franklin terrace, from 364 West 26th street. Front street, from 49 Whitehall east to Roosevelt street. Fulton street, from 93 South street west to North river. Fulton market, Fulton street and South street. -Gansevoort street, from 356 West 4th street to North river. Garden row, from I40 West I Ith street. Gay street, from I41 Waverly place north to Chris topher street. 6 Goerck street, from 574 Grand street north to Third street. Gold street, from 87 Maiden lane north to Frankfort street. Gouverneur street, from 275 Division street south to W~ater street. Gouverneur lane, from 48 South Street to 93 Water street. Gouverneur market, Gouverneur slip. Gouverneur slip, from 37I South street north to 6I3 Water street. Gramercy park, from I06 anc~ 142 East 2Ist street south to East 28th street, between Fourth and Third avenues. Grand street, from 78 Varick street east to East river. Great Jones street, from 682 Broadway east to Bow ery. Greene street, from 331 Canal street north to Clinton place. Greenwich street, from 4 Bat tery place north to Gansevoort street. Greenwich ave nue, from Io5 Sixth avenue north to Eighth avenue. Grove street, from 488 Hudson street east t o Waver ley place. Hague street, from 367 Pearl street west to Cliff street. Hall place, from 2 I E6th s treet north to 7th street. Hamilton street, from 72 Catha ri ne street east to Market street. Hancock street, from 176 West Houston street north to Bleecker street. Hanover street, from 57 Wall street south to Pearl street. Hanover square, on Pearl street, from I05 t to Stone street. Hanson place, on Se cond ave nue, be t wee n East I 24h street and East I 25th street. Harrison street, from 8i Hudson street, west to North r iv er. Harry Howard square, o pen spac e bounded by Canal street, Wa lker street, Baxter street, and Mulberry street. Henderson place, East 86th street and East 87th street, be tween A venue B and East river. Henry street, from I4 Oliver street east to Grand street. Hester street, from 2I 6 Division street west to Centre street. Hester court, rear Ioi Hester street. HGorati o street, from I29 Greenwich avenue west to North river. Howard street, [rom 201 Centre street west to Mer cer street. Hubert street, from 149 Hudson street west to North river. Hudson street, from 139 Chambers street north to Ninth avenue. Irving place, from II 7 East 14th street north to East 20th street. Jackson street, from 338 Henry street south to East river. Jacob street, from I9 Ferry street northto Frankfort street. James street, from 175 Chatham street south to James slip. James slip, from 77 Cherry street south to East * river. Jane street, from 113 Greenwich avenue west to North river. Jay street, from 6i Hudson street west to Nortm river. Jefferson street, from I79 Division street south to East river. Jefferson market, sixth avenue corner Greenwich avenue. Jersey street, from x27 Crosby street east to MuI-l berry street. John street, from 184 Broadway east to Pearl street. Jones street, from x74 West 4th street to Bleecker street. King street, from 4I Macdougal street west to Northi fiver. Lafayette place, from 8 Great Jones s~treet north X 8th street. 41 A "~;; <\~j j \\\\\' (i/ 1.;jY'~y ~~~~~~ —i~~~~~~~~~~~~4I I iji!I'.i~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~il I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I' ~ LLI I AmiLIliLLlLLIIIILiIILlLIILliIIII\\ L I L I '*i:HL1LiIf 1 I L4 _______ iL4L\\ibLIIL\\L\\ - \L LLL III) II 1\\LI I LI IiiLiLI2LI\\li I IIILL Ill I 44 i 11 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK Mitchell place, East 49th street, between First ave nue and Beekman place. Monroe street, from 59 Catharine street east to Grand street. Montgomery street, from 247 Division street south to East river. Moore street, from 30 Pearl street to East river. Morris street, from 27 Broadway west to North river. I Morton street, from 270 Bleeckerstreet west to North river. Mott street, from i8o Chatham street north to Bleeck er street. Mott's lane, from 767 Eleventh avenue west. Mt. Morris avenue, from West 12oth street, between Fifth and Sixth avenues north to West 124th street. Mt. Morris place, West I24th street, between Fifth and Sixth avenues. Mulberry street, from i56 Chatham street north to Bleecker street. Murray street, from 247 Broadway west to North river. Nassau street, from 20 Wall street north to Chatham street. Neilson place, Mercer street, betweenWaverley place and Clinton place. New street, from 7 Wall street south to Beaver street. New avenue, from West iooth street, between Eighth and Ninth avenues to 124th street. New Bowery, from 396 Pearl street north to Chat ham square. New Chambers street, from 67 Chatham street east to Cherry street. New Church street, from x82 Fulton street south to Morris street. Ninth avenue, from Gansevoort street north to Har lem river. Norfolk street, from i 8o Division street north to East Houston street. North Moore street, from 122 West Broadway west to North river. North William street, from i6 Frankfort street north to Chatham street. Oak street, from 392 Pearl street east to Chatham street. Old slip, from Io6 Pearl street to East river. Oliver street, from 63 New Bowery south to East river. Orchard street, from 124 Division street north to East Houston street. Pacific place, rear 133 West 29th street. Park street, from 36 Centre street east to Mott street Park avenue, Fourth avenue from East 34th street to Harlem river. Park place, from 237 Broadway west to North river. Park row, from I Ann street east to Spruce street. Patchin place, I I I West ioth street. Pearl street, from I4 State street east and northwest to 555 Broadway. Peck slip, from 342 Pearl street east to South street. Pelham street, from 96 Monroe street to Cherry street. Pell street, from I8 Bowery west to Mott street. Perry street, from 5; Greenwich avenue west to North river. Pike street, from I07 Division street to east rio-r. Pine street, from io6 Broadway east to South street, Pitt street, from 276 Division street north to East Houston street. Laight street, from 398 Canal street west to North river. Lamartine place, West 29th street, between Eighth and Ninth avenues. Lawrence street, from West I26th street, near Ninth avenue, to West I29th street. Leonard street, from 92 Hudson street east to Bax ter street. Leroy street, from 248 Bleecker street west t6 North river. Lewis street, from 556 Grand street north to 8th street. Lex'mgton avenve, from 12I East 2ISt street north to Harlem river. Liberty street, from 76 Maiden lane west to North nver. Liberty place, from 57 Liberty street north to Maiden lane. Lispexard street, from I 51 West Broadway east to Broadway. Little West 12th street, from Gansevoort street west to North river. Livingston place, from 325 East 15th street north to East 17th street. London terrace, West 23d street between Ninth and Tenth avenues. Ludlow street, from 144 Division street north to East Houston street. Ludlow place, West Houston street between Sulli van and Macdougal streets. Macdougal street, from 219 Spring street north to Clinton place. Madison street, from 426 Pearl street east to Grand street. Madison avenue, from 29 East 23d street to Harlem river. Madison square, East 26th street, between Fifth and Madison avenues. Maiden lane, from 172 Broadway to East river. Mail street, from Broadway to Park row, opposite Beekman street. Mangin street, from 590 Grand street north to East Houston street. Manhattan street, from 444 East Houston street north to Third street. Manhattan street, from West 124th street, comer St. Nicholas avenue, west to North river. Manhattan market, Eleventh avenue, corner West 34th streets Manhattan place, rear 63 to 71 Mangin street. Manhattan place, from Io Elm street west and south to Reade street. Marion street, from 404 Broome street north. Market street, from 6I Division street south to East river. Marketfield street, from I Whitehall street east to Broad street. Martin terrace, East 30th street, between Second and Third avenues. Mechanic alley, from 72 Monroe street south to Cherry street. Mercer street, from 3 I I Canal street north to Clinton place. Milligan place, I39 Sixth avenue. Minetta street, from 209 Bleecker street north to Minetta lane. Minetta la'le, from t 3 Macdougal street to Sixth avenue. Minetta place, rear 2 Minetta street. Mission place, from 58 Park street north to Worth streets 43 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OFNEW YORK. Pleasant avenue, Avenue A, between East io6th street and Harlem river. Platt street, from 22I Pearl street west to William street. Prince street, from 230 Bowery west to Macdougal street. Prospect place, from East 40th street, between Sec ond and First avenues. Rachel lane, from 4 Goerck street east to Mangin street. Reade street, from 22 Duane street west to North river. Rector street, from 73 Broadway west to North river. Renwick street, from 503 Canal street north to Spring street. Ridge street, from 254 Division street north to East Houston street. Rivington street, from 213 Bowery east to East river. River View terrace, between 58th and 59th streets, facing East river. Roosevelt street, from 147 Chatham street south to East river. Rose street, from 34 Frankfort street northeast to Pearl street. Roslyn place, Greene street, between West 3d and West 4th streets. Rutgers street, from 26 Canal street south to East river. Rutgers place, Monroe street, from Jefferson street to Clinton street. Rutherford place, from 224 East 17th street south to East 15th street. St. Clement's place, Macdougal street, from West Houston street to Bleecker street, and from Waverley place to Clinton place. St. John's lane, from 9 Beach street north to Laight - street. St. Luke's place, from 63 to 99 Leroy street. St. Mark'splace, Eighth street, from 17 Third avenue east to Avenue A. St. Nicholas avenue, from West I Ioth street and Sixth avenue west to I45th street and Ninth avenue, to West 155th street and Kingsbridge road. Scammel street, from 299 East Broadway south to Water street. Second street, fronm 323 Bowery east to Avenue A. Second avenue, from I i8 East Houston street north to Harlem river. Seventh street, from Fourth avenue east to East river. Seventh avenue, from 74 Greenwich avenue north to West 59th street. Seventh street place, rear i85 Seventh street. Sheriff street, from 502 Grand street north to 2d street. Sixth street, from 395 Bowery east to East river. Sixth avenue, from Carmine street'north to West 59th street, and from West I Ioth street to Har lem river. South street, from 66 Whitehall street east along East river. South Fifth avenue, from 70 West 4th street south to Canal street. South William street, from 7 William skreet west to Broad street. Spencer place, West 4th street, between Christopher and West toth streets. Spring street, from x88 Bowery west to North fiver. Spruce street, from 41 Park row east to Gold street. Stanton street, from 245 Bowery east to East river. Staple street, from I69 Duane street north to Har rison street. I State street, from 48 Wh itehall street t o B roadway. Stone street, from 13Whitehall street east to William street. Striker's lane, from 743 El ev enth avenue west. Stuyvesant street, from 29 Third avenue east t o Second avenue. Suffolk street, from 202 Division street north to, East Houston street. Sullivan street, from 4I15 Can al street nor th to West 3d street. Sylvan place, north from East x2oth street to 2Ist street, between Lexington and Third avenues. Temple street, from 88 Liberty street s outh to Thames street. Te mple court, Beek man street, between Park row and Nassau street. Tenth avenue, from 542 W est street no rth to Harlem river. Thames street, from I I I Broadway west to Green wich street. Theatre alley, from i9 Ann street north to Beekmars street. Third street, from 345 Bowery east to East river. Third avenue, continuation from 395 Bowery north to Harlem river. Thirteenth avenue, from foot West I ith street north west to foot of West 25th street. Thomas street, from 3I7 Broadway west to Hudson street. Thompson street, from 395 Canal street north to West 4th street. Tompkins street, from 606 Grand street north ta East river. Tompkins market, Third avenue, corner 6th street. Trimble place, from I I 5 Duane street north to Thomas, street. Tyron row, from I Centre street east to Chatham street. Union court, rear 53 University place. Union market, East Houston street, comer Columr bia street. Union square, bounded by I4th street, Fourth ave-. nue, Broadway, and 17th street. University place, from 29 Waverley place north to East 14th street. Vandam street, from I3. Macdougal street west to Greenwich street. Vanderbilt avenue, from 27 East 42d street to East 45th street. Vandewater street, from 54 Frankfort street east to Pearl street. Vannest place, Charles street from West 4th street to Bleecker street. Varick street, from I3o Franklin street north tco Carmine street. Varick place, Sullivan street, between West Hous ton street and Bleecker street. Vesey. street, from 222 Broadway west to North, river. Vestry street, from 428 Canal street west to North, river. Walker street, from x35 West Broadway east to Canal street. Wall street, from 86 Broadway east to East river. Warren street, from 259 Broadway west to lNortl; river. 44 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. Washington street, from 6 Battery place north to Little West 12th street. Washington market, Fulton st., corner of West st. Washington place, from 713 Broadway west to Grove street. Washington square, bounded by Wooster st., West 4th st., Waverley place, and Macdougal st. Water street, from Whitehall st. east to East river. Watts street, from 44 Sullivan st. west to Northriver. Waverley place, from 727 Broadway west to Bank st. Weehawken street, from 304 West ioth street south to Christopher street. West street, from I 2 Battery place north to Tenth ave. West Broadway, from 131 Chambers street north to Canal street. West Houston street, from 609 Broadway west to North river. West Washington market, West street, between Ful ton street and Vesey street. West 3d street, from 68i Broadway to Sixth avenue. West 4th st., from 697 Broadway west to West 13th st. West 9th street, from 22 Fifth ave. west to Sixth ave. West soth st., from 32 Fifth ave. west to North river. West I ith st., from 8oi Broadway west to North river. West 12th st., from 58 Fifth ave. west to North river. West I 3th st., from 70 Fifth ave. west to North river. West i4th st.y from 82 Fifth ave. west to North river. West 1 5th st., from 96 Fifth ave. west to North river. West I6th st., from Io08 Fifth ave. west to North river. West 17th st., from I 6 Fifth ave. west to North river. West i8th st., from 128 Fifth ave. west to North river. West I9th st., from I40 Fifth ave. west to North river. West 20th st., from 152 Fifth ave west to North river. West 2Ist st., from I158 Fifth ave. west to North river. West 22d st., from 170 Fifth ave. westto North river. West 23d st., from I86 Fifth ave. west to North river. West 24th street, from Io099 Broadway west to North river. West 25th st., from I98 Fifth ave. west to North river. West 26th street, from 214 Fifth avenue west to North river. West 27th street, from 232 Fifth avenue west to North river. West 28th street, fro m 246 Fifth avenue west to North river. West 29th street, from 264 Fifth avenue west to North river. West 3oth street, from 28o Fifth avenue west to North river. West 3Ist street and streets niorth to West 59th street, from Fifth avenue west to North iver. West 6othr street and street s north to West 77th estreet, from Eighth avenue west to North river. West 78th street and streets north to West Soth street, from Ninth avenue west to North river. West 81st street and streets north to West Io9th street, from Eighth avenue west to North river. West I Ioth st., from Fifth ave. west to North river. West I23d street, from Mt. Morris avenue west to North river. West x24th street and streets north to West 145th street, from Fifth avenue west to North r#ver. White street, from z I7 West Broadway east to Baxter street. Whitehall st., from 2 Broadway south to East river Willett street, from 482 Grand street to East Hous ton street. William st., from I07 Pearl st. to 447 Pearl st. Winthrop place, Greene street, between Waverley place and Clinton place. Wooster street, from 355 Canal street north to Waverley place. Worth street, from 72 Hudson street east to Chat ham street. York street, from 9 St. John's lane east to West Broadway. u DISTANCES IN THE CITY FROM THE BATTERY AND CITY HALL. From Battery. From City Hall. TO From Battery. From City Hall. TO Mile. Mile. Mile. Mile. .................. Rector street. 4){ 3)% East 54th. .................. Fulton. 4 4 East 58th. .................. City Hall 5 4 East 63d. I,Leonard. 5 4 East 68th. I //'Canal. 5 4 East 73d. IS % Spring. 5 East 78th. 13/! I East Houston. 6 5 East 83d. 2 I% East'4th. 6 5/ East 88th. 2% If East 9th. 6 / 5%4 East 93d. 2/2i x3/ East I4th. 6 6 East 97th. 24 2 East 19th. 7 6% East Io2d. 3 294 East 24th. 7% 6/ East 10o7th. 3% 2/ East 29th. 7 6/ East I I2th ~3 2. East 34th. 7 East II7th. 3 3 East 38th. 8 7% East I2Ist. 4 - 33 East44th. 8% 7) East 126th. 4% 3/ East 49th. THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS has its office at 36 Union square, and is presided over by four Commissioners, who control the management and care of all the parks and squares and the openi o esin the annexed district. 45 46 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. CENTRAL PARK is the principal one in New York anid is easily accessible by the Third and Sixth avenue elevated railroads, and by the Third, Fourth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth avenue lines of street cars. The following are its dimensions, etc.: Length from 59th street to i oth street, about 2, miles; width from Fifth to Eighth avenue, about / mile; length of Park roads, about 9/V miles; length of Park bridle paths, about 5, miles; length of Park walks, about 28% miles. AcRn . 20 . 2S ..2 ,. it I T879 The Lake covers about........................... The Conservatory Water covers about.......... 1o7 The Pool covers about............................. 35 The Harlem Meer covers about The Loch covers about........................... 5 The Park contains.................................. Which include all within the Park limits. The New Reservoir is about....................... The Old " "...................... The Pond, 59th street and Sixth avenue, is about........................................... LOCATION AND NAMES OF GATES. 5th avenue and 59th street..... Scholars' Gate... 5th" 64th "......Children's Gate. 6th " 59th "......Artists' Gate. 7th 59th "..... Artisans' Gate...... 8th " 59th "...... Merchants' Gate. 8th " 72d "......Women's Gate. 8th " 79th "......Hunters' Gate. 8th " 85th "......Mariners' Gate. 8th " 96th "......Gate of All-Saints. 8th i iooth "......Boys' Gate. 8th avenue nd I Ioth str eet...... Strangers' Gate. 5th " 72d...... Inventors' Gate. 5th " 79th "...Miners' Gate. 5th " goth "...... Engineers' Gate. 5th " 96th "...... Woodmnen's Gate. 5th " Io2d "...... Girls' Gate. 5th' I ioth "...... Pior.eers' Gate. 6th " Ioth "...... Farmers' Gate. 7th " Ioth "...... Warriors' Gate. Among the points of interest within the Park is the Menagerie, at the Arsenal, containing lions, tigers bet monkeys, birds, etc.; the Belvedere, located on a hill above the great lake and the highest point in the Park. A fine view is obtained from the tower here. The Mall, a broad walk lined with trees, ends at the Terrace, the latter leading down to the Esplanade and fountain atthe shore of the lake. It is a beauti ful specimen of architecture. The Ramble is a diversified bit of woodland and green sward, full of wind ing paths and quaint nooks, including a cool and picturesque cave. There are several fine lakes in the Park, as referred to above, and boats can be hired on two of them for a trifling sum. THE OBELISK stands on a knoll near the 79th Street entrance. It was presented to the city of New York by the Khedive of Egypt. Lieutenant Commander Gorringe, U. S. N., after a three years' struggle, obtained possession of the Obelisk and moved it to its present site at an expense of nearly $ix,ooo. It was flly swung into position at noon, January 22d, I88i. The height of the Obelisk, from base to tip, is sixty-nine feet two inches. The measurement of the base, square through its axis, is seven feet eight and three-fourths inches. The entire weight of the monolith is 2oo00 tons. It was made at the command of the Egyptian King, Thutmes III, fifteen centuries before Christ.: THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART is also located in the Park, near the corner of Fifth avenue and 83d street. It is 218 feet long by 95 feet broad, and is built of brick with sandstone trimmings and is intended to be extended whenever funds are obtained. It contains the Cesnola collection of anti quities from Cyprus, the Blodgett collection of pictures, etc. Many of the pictures on view here are very valuable. Admission free. THIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY is likewise located on grounds belonging to the Park Depart ment, though outside of Central Park and west of Eighth avenue. It was founded in I869, and was first located in the Arsenal. The present building especially erected for it, is of large size, and one of a series that can be erected as require. The collection of natural history and geological specimens is very complete. Admission free. The statues of Scott, Morse, Webster, Shakespeare, Schiller, Burns, Halleck, Hamilton, Humboldt, and the Seventh Regiment monument are to be found in Central Park. THE CUSTOM-HOUSE is located at the corner of Wall and William streets, and is a massive granite structure, about x67 feet by 2oo00, and 77 feet in height. A fine portico adds to the grandeur of the Wall street front, while there is an airy rotunda within. It was built originally for the Merchants' Exchange at a total cost for building and ground of $I,8oo00,000ooo. The Collector of Customs and a numerous staff of employees fully occupy the large building, while the Appraisers' stores are located at 406 Washington street, and the public stores corner of Washington and Laight streets. LIBRARIES.-New York is famous for her fine libraries. The Astor Library was founded under the will of John Jacob Astor, who left $400,coo for that purpose. His son, William B. Astor, added $55o,ooo 46 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~'I I,-~ ~~~~ I tiIt~itI iII'I-~__ rII.;II_____ _________ ___ _____________ IIIIftiIiIItIIttIIiItIIII\\ * 48 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK.~~~~~~~~~- to this, and his grandson, John Jacob Astor, has given about $250,000. It has thus a princely endowment and occupies a huge brownstone and brick building in Lafayette place, Ioo feet by 200 in dimensions. It contains upward of 250,00ooo volumes and is free to the public. The Lenox Library was founded by James Lenox, and is contained in a beautiful marble building on Fifth avenue, between 70th and 71st streets, and was opened in I877. The building, ground, library, and picture gallery represent over $2,000,000 in value. The building is 192 feet by 114 feet in size, and is a massive specimen of architec ture. The Mercantile Library, in Clinton Hall, Astor place, was founded in 1820. It contains about 200,000 volumes, and is the principal circulating library in New York. It has 7,00ooo members, and is flourishing. The Apprentices' Library occupies a fine building in x6th street, and was commenced in 1820 by the General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen for the use of mechanics' and other apprentices. It contains over 60,ooo volumes. Among other prominent libraries are those of the Bar Association, 7 West 29th street; the Municipal, in City Hall; that of the American Institute, in Cooper Institute; Harlem, 2238 Third avenue; Historical Society, Second avenue, corner East I Ith street; Law Institute, I i6 Post-office Building; Mott Memorial, 64 Madison avenue; Free Circulating, 36 Bond street; New York Society, 67 University place; Printers', 3 Chambers street; Woman's, 38 Bleecker street; Young Men's Christian Association, I6I Fifth avenue, Fourth avenue corner 23d street, Third avenue corner East 122d street, 285 Hudson street, 69 Ludlow street, and 97 Wooster street. THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY occupies a fine building in Second avenue, corner of I ith street. It was incorporated in I804 for the purposes of procuring and preserving books, pamphlets, works of art, and data relating to the history of United States, especially New York State. It occupied its present fine building in I857, and has a very complete and valuable collection of books, records, etc. HOTELS.-New York is justly famed for her hotels, which in every respect do credit to the metropolis and draw much of their patronage from the thousands of visitors to the city. They are conducted either upon the European or American plan, or upon a combination of the two. Among the most prominent are the Fifth Avenue, Brunswick, Windsor, Gilsey, Astor House, Hoffman, St. Nicholas, Metropolitan, Grand Central, Grand Union, and Park Avenue. The following list gives all of importance Albemarle, Broadway and 24th street. Anson, 79 Spring street. Anthony, 834 Broadway. Ashland, Fourth avenue and 24th street. Astor, 22I Broadway. Belmont, I37 Fulton street. Belvedere, Fourth avenue and i8th street. Bowery, 395 Bowery. Brevoort,' I Fifth avenue. Brevoort Place, Broadway and Ioth street. Brighton, Broadway and 42d street. Brower, 24 West 28th street. Bull's Head, 322 Third avenue. Buckingham, 50th street and Fifth avenue. Carleton, William and Frankfort streets. Central Park, Seventh avenue and 59th street. City, 71 Cortlandt street. Clarence, I2 Clinton place. Clarendon, 64 Union square. Clinton place, 96 Sixth avenue. Columbian, I87 Chatham street. Compton, 32i Third avenue. Continental, Broadway and 20th street. Cooper, 80 East 9th street. l Cooper Union, 19 Third avenue. Cosmopolitan, Chambers and West Broadway. Crook's, 84 Chatham street. Earle's, Canal and Centre streets. Eastern, 62 Whitehall street. Everett, Fourth avenue and 17th street. Everett, 104 Vesey street. Farmers', Io Broadway. Fifth Avenue, Fifth avenue and 23d street. Fulton Ferry, 2 Fulton street. Germania, 37 Bowery. Germania, 137 Grand street. Gilbert House, I152 Chatham street. Giley, Broadw,,y and 29th street. Glenham, I55 Fifth avenue. Glenhan, Third avenue and 24th street. Grand, Broadway and 3Ist street. Grand Boulevard, Broadway and Eighth avenue. Grand Central, 67I Broadway. Grand Union, F ourth Avenue and 42d street. Hamilton, I 144 Broadway. Hanfield's, 620 Grand street. Harriman, 763 Sixth avenue. Hartman's, 47 Bowery. Hoffman, I I I I Broadway. Home-made, 285 Greenwich street. Hotel Branting, Madison avenue and 58th street. Hotel Brighton, Broadway and 42d street. Hotel Brunswick, 225 Fifth avenue. Hotel Del Recreo, 23 Great Jones street. Hotel Espafiol 6 Hispano-Americano, Ii6 and Ix8 West I4th street. Hotel Everett, Chatham street. Hotel Franqais, 17 University place. Hotel Monico, 7 East I8th street. Hotel Pimlico, I I West 24th street. Hotel Royal, Sixth avenue and 4oth street; Hotel St. Stephen, 34 West I ith street. Hygienic, r5 Laight street. International, 17 and I9 Park row. Irving, 49 East I2th street. Kitsell, 89 and 9i Fifth avenue. Lenox, 72 Fifth avenue. Leland's Hotel, Broadway corner 27th street Libby, 386 Fourth avenue. Mansion, 32d street and Fourth avenue. Marion, I6 East Broadway. Market, 146 West street. Mercantile, 762 Broadway. Merchants', 39 Cortlandt street. Metropolitan, 584 Broadway. Mill's, 387 Fourth avenue. BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. 48 BID'-EE IE F EWYOK.m Monument, 6 Union square. Morris and Essex, 147 West street. Morton, Broadway and I 4th street. Narragansett, 53 East 44th street. New England, 30 Bowery. -Newport, I 70 West street. New Transit, Canal and Christie streets. New York, 72I Broadway. New York and Brooklyn Bridge, 48 Chatham'street. North River, I48 West street. Occidental, Broome street and Bowery. Overton, corner Chambers and Chatham streets. Overton's, 23 East 17th street. Pacify, 33 Bowery. Paige's, Spring and West streets. Parker, I303 Broadway. Park Avenue, Fourth avenue and 32d street. Park, 9 Chatham street. Pennsylvania, 271 West street. Plymouth, 27 Bowery. Prescott, Broadway and Spring street. Putnam, 367 Fourth avenue. Revere, 6o6 Broadway. Robert Ernst, I27 West street. Rochester, 11 I4 Bleecker street. Rossmore, Broadway and 42d street. Saint Andre, I I West I Ith street. Saint Charles, 648 Broadway. Saint Cloud, Broadway and 42d street. Saint Denis, Broadway and I Ith street. THEATRES.-The metropolis is well supplied with theatres, and the plays presented therein are generally of a high order of merit, and the prices of admission moderate. Many of the buildings make quite an architectural display. Prominent among them is the Academy of Music, corner of i4th street and Irving place, a joint stock property. It was destroyed by fire in I866 and re-erected immediately at a cost of $360,ooo. It has been much improved since and seats 2,400 persons. It is the home of Italian opera since Castle Garden was abandoned as a theatre. The famous Booth's Theatre was turned into a block of stores it 1883. The Fifth'Avenue Theatre, in West 28th street, is a favorite, and has had a long and successful career under Augustin Daly and John Stetson. Haverly's Fourteenth Street, 14th street near Sixth avenue, is an imposing structure, where Fechter played for years, and which is a favorite with the public. Union Square Theatre is on the south side of the square, adjoining the Morton House. Under Mr. A. M. Palmer's talented management it has been very successful. Wallack's new Theatre, northeast corner of 30th street and Broadway, was first opened in i882, and is one of the most elegant and fashionable in town. Lester Wallack has made it quite as much a success as his former house, corner of Broadway and 13th street. This house is now known as the Star Theatre, having failed recently as the Germania to be a success. The Madison Square Theatre, in West 24th street, near Broadway, is an elegarft little house with many striking improvements, and is controlled by a clergyman, who has endeavored 'to present plays of a refined character. The Grand Opera House, corner of Eighth avenue and 23dcl street, is of marble, 98 feet by II3 feet in size, the auditorium being in a rear building, and will accommodate over 2,000 persons. Jim Fiske, Jr., was its owner for a time. It is now the property of Jay Gould, who leases it to Henry E. Abbey. The pretty Standard Theatre, corner of Sixth avenue and 33d street, is the home of English comic opera, and is a success under William Henderson's management. The Theatre Comique, at 730 Broadway, is operated by Harrigan & Hart, and is exclusively devoted to Irish plays. Daly's Theatre, originally Banvard's Museum, is at corner of Broadway and 30th street. It is I70 feet by 63 feet in size, and is devoted to light comedy. Mr. Daly is a veteran manager and proprietor. The Bowery Theatre, first erected in I826 in the Bowery, was for over fifty years a well-known and flourishing theatre. It has several times been swept by fire, and is now known as the "Thalia," and is devoted to the German drama. The Casino, at Broadway and 39th street, is an elegant and picturesque structure, which combines the properties of a first-class opera house with those of the concert hall and restaurant. The Metropolitan Opera House or Casino, at Broadway, corner of 41st street, is much the same style of house. Beside the above-mentioned there are the following theatres i X city: BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. 49 Saint James, 1133 Broadway. Saint Julien, 4 Washington place. Saint Nicholas, 5I5 Broadway. - Saint Omer, 384 and 386 Sixth avenue. Saint Stephen, 34 W- i ith street. Schroeder'S 23 Bowery. Schuler, i44 East 14th street. Sheridan, i5g Canal street. Sinclair, 754 Broadway. Smith & McNeil's, 197 Washington stm-el Starr, 3i6 Greenwich street. Stevens, 23 Broadway. Sturtevant, i i 86 Broadway. Summit, 65 Bowery. Sweeney's, Chambers and Chatham street& Sweet's, 4 Fulton street. The Hanover, 2 East 15th street. Tremont, 665 Broadway. Union Square, i6 Union square. United States, Fulton and Water streets. Vanderbilt, Lexington avenue and 42d StreeL Van Dyke, 28 Bowery. Victoria, 27th street, Broadway, and Fifth avenue. Warren, Canal and Elizabeth streets. Wellington, 42d street and Madison avenue. Western Union, 8i Cortlandt street. Westminster, Irving place and i6th street West Side, 227 Sixth avenue. West End, 246 and 248 Eighth avenue. Windsor, Fifth avenue and 46th street. OG BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. Aberle's, Astor place. Bijou Opera House, Broadway, near 31st streets Oerion, 1 33I Broadway. Miner's, Bowery, between Broome and Delancey. London, Bowery, between Rivington and Stanton streets. Niblo's Garden, 58o Broadway. People's (new) Bowery, opposite Spring street. Star, Broadway and I3th street. Rankin's (new), Third avenue, near corner 3I1St street. Mt. Morris, Third avenue, corner of I s3th street. Tony Pastor's, I43 East I4th street. Windsor, 45 Bowery. Twenty-third Street, between Sixth and Seventh avenues. CONCERT HALLS AND GARDENS.-There are a large number of these resorts, some respectable and delegant in fittings, others which cater to different classes of the public, and numerous "dives," into which it is positively dangerous to enter. Koster & Bials, in 23d street near Sixth avenue; Theiss' Music Hall and Alhambra Court, East I4th street, and Huber's Prospect Garden, io6 and io8 East I4th Street, are among the best. HALLS FOx HIGH-CLASS CONCERTS, LECTURES, ETC.-Chickering Hall is by far the most prominent of these,and is located at corner of Fifth avenue and ISth street. It will seat about 1,250 persons and contains a fine stage and powerful concert organ. Steinway Hall is on the north side of East 14th street, near Irving place, and will seat over I,000ooo persons. Steck Hall, Tammany Hall, Irving Hall, Clarendon Hall, and others too numerous to mention afford accommodation for all classes of meetings and concerts. - CHURCHES.-New York is celebrated for its religious activity and missionary enterprise, and has an immense number of churches of all denominations, several of them being models of architectural beauty and internal comfort and elegance. Foremost among them is St. Patrick's Cathedral, fronting on Fifth avenue and occupying the block between 5soth and 5 Ist streets. It is built entirely of marble, in an ornamental style of ecclesiastical architecture, and the ground plan is in the form of a Latin cross. The dimensions are as follows: Interior length, 306 feet; breadth of nave and choir, 96 feet without the chapels and 120 feet with the chapels; length of the transept, 140 feet; height, io8 feet; height of side aisles, 54 feet. The Fifth avenue front consists of a central gable I56 feet in height, with towers and spires each 330 feet in height, but at present the towers reach only to the roof. The high altar is 40 feet high, and the table was constructed in Italy of the purest marble and inlaid with rare stones. The tabernacle over the altar is of white marble decorated with Roman mosaics and precious stones, and with a door of gilt bronxe The altar of the Blessed Virgin is at the eastern end of the north side aisle of the sanctuary and is of carved French walnut. The sacristy is placed in the east of the south aisle of the sanctuary, and St. Josepli's altar, of bronze and mosaic, is in front of it. The altar of the Sacred Heart is of bronze. The fow altars cost about $ixoo,ooo. The Cardinal's throne is on the right side of the sanctuary and is of Gothic design. The altar of the Holy Family is of white Tennessee marble, and the reredos of Caen stone; over the altar hangs a painting of the Holy Family. There are 408 pews, having a seating capacity of 2,6oo00, and the aisles will afford standing room for nearly as many more. The Cathedral is lighted by 70 windows, 37 of which are memorial windows They were mainly made at Chartres, France, and cost upward of $10o,o0. The Cathedral has cost over $1,900,000o so far and the total cost will be about $2,500,000. Cardinal McCloskey resides in a beautiful marble mansion in the rear. St. Stephen's Church is one of the most fashionable Catholic churches located on 2&th street and is celebrated for its choir. The following is a lip of the Catholic churches: Assumption, 427 West 49th street. Epiphany, 373 Second avenue. Holy Cross, 335 West 42d street. S Holy Innocents, I26 West 37th street. Holy Name of Jesus, Boulevard, near West 97th streets Immaculate Conception, 505 East I4th street. Immaculate Conception (German), I41st street, near Third avenue. Most Holy Redeemer, I65 Third street. Nativity, 48 Second avenue. Our Lady of Mercy, Fordham. Our Lady of Sorrows, 105 Pitt street. Sacred Heart, 447 West 5 Ist streets Sacred Heart, High Bridge. S Agnes, I4 0 E ast 43d street. SL Alphonsus, 230 South Fifth avenue. St. Andrew's, Duane, corner City Hallplace. St. Ann's, II2 East 12th street. St. Anthony, 149 Sullivan street. St. Augustine's, Jefferson, near Franklin avenue. St. Bernard's, 332 West 14th street. St. Boniface, 882 Second avenue. St. Bridget's, 123 Avenue B. St. Cecilia, East Io5th, near Second avenue. St. Columba's, 339 West 25th street. St. Elizabeth, West I87th street, near Kingsbridge ro ad. L Francis of Assisi's, I39 West 3Ist street. St. Francis Xavier, 36 West 16th street. St. Gabriel's, 3i2 East 37th street. St. James', 32 James street. St. Jerome, Alexander avenue, comer I37th St. John Baptist's, 209 West 3oth street. BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. 00 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. th street, near Fourth St. Mary's, 438 Grand street. St. Michael's, 408 West 32d street. St. Nicholas, x25 Secoad street. St. Patrick's, Mott, corner Prince street. ington avenue, near St. Paul's, 12i East I7thstreet. St. Paul's, West 6oth street, near Ninth avenue. 87th street, near First St. Peter's, 22 Barclay street. St. Rose, 42 Cannon street. t125th street, corner St. Stanislaus' (Polish), 43 Stanton street. St. Teresa, Rutgers street, corner Henry street. .et, near Fourth ave- St. Vincent de Paul, 127 West 23d street. St. Vincent Ferrer, Lexington avenue, corner East Fifth avenue. 66th street. an), East 17th street, Sts. Cyrillus and Methodius, 3i6 East 4th street. Transfiguration, 25 Mott street. A colored church is also being established. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL.-The churches of this denomination are numerous and powerful, and, in the -=se of Trinity Parish, very wealthy. This parish is of early origin, the land upon which Trinity Church now stands having been granted in I697. In 1705 it received a grant of lands between Vesey and Christopher streets which are now very valuable and return an annual revenue of about $50ooo,0. This is used togood advantage in not only supporting the churches of the parish, but St. John's Guild and other charitable organizations. Trinity Church is situated picturesquely amid an old and interesting cemetery, on Broadway opposite Wall street, and was first built in I697. Destroyed by fire in I 776, it was rebuilt in I788, and replaced by the present beautiful Gothic building in I846. Its steeple is 284 feet high. The graveyard is the resting-place of the bodies of many Revolutionary heroes. St. Paul's Church is finely located in the midst of another graveyard, on the block bounded by Broadway, Vesey, Fulton, and Church streets. It is the oldest church edifice in the city, the corner-stone having been laid in I764. Grace Church occupies a magnificent location at Broadway and ioth street, and is a beautiful Gothic structure, built in I845, and having a pretty rectory with well-kept grounds in front. The following is a list of the other Episcopalian churches: All Angels, West 8Ist street, corner Eleventh ave. All Saints, 286 Henry street. Annunciation, I42 West I4th street. Ascension, 36 Fifth avenue. Atonement, 84 Madison avenue. Beloved* Disciple, East 89th street, near Madison avenue. Calvary, 273 Fourth avenue. Chapel of St. Augustine, I07 East Houston street. Chapel of the Comforter, 814 Greenwich street. Chapel of the Holy Comforter, 365 West street. Chapel of the Shepherd's Flock, 330 West 43d st. Christ, 369 Fifth avenue. Christ, Riverdale. Church of Santiago, 30 West 22d st. Church of the Holy Sepulchre, East 74th street, near Fourth avenue. Church of the Holy Spirit, East 57th street, near Lexington avenue. Church of the Mediator, 728 Eleventh avenue. Church of the Resurrection, I65 East 85t street. Du St. Esprit, 30 West 22d street. Epiphany, 228 East 5oth street. First Reformed, Madison avenue, corner East 55th street. Grace, West Farmns. Grace Chapel, I32 East 14th street. Grace Chapel, I43 East II6th street. Heavenly Rest, 55I Fifth avenue. Holy Apostles, 300 Ninth avenue. Holy Communion, 324 Sixth avenue. Holy Innocents, Eighth avenue, near West I4Ist st. Holy Martyrs, 39 Forsyth street. Holy Trinity, Fifth avenue, corner West 125th street. ~]y Trinity, 319 Madison avenue. Incarnation, a205 Madison avenue. Intercession, West 158th street, corner Eleventh ave. Memorial Church of the Rev. H. Anthon, 139 West 48th street. Moravian Mission, 636 Sixth street. Nativity, 8o Avenue C. Our Saviour, foot of Pike street. Reconciliation, 242 East 3 I st street. Redeemer, Fourth avenue, corner East 82d street. St. Alban's, East 42d street, near Lexington avenue. St. Ambrose, II 7 Thompson street. St. Andrew's, East 127th street, near Fourth avenue. St. Ann's, St. Ann's avenue, near x4oth street. St. Ann's, 7 West x8th street. St. Barnabas' Chapel, 306 Mulberry street. St. Bartholomew's, 348 Madison avenue. St. Chrysostom's Chapel, 2OI West 39th street. St. George's, Rutherford place, corner East i6th st. St. Clement's, Io8 Amity street. St. Ignatius, West 40th street, near Sixth avenue. St. James', East 72d street, near Third avenue. St. John Baptist, 26I Lexington avenue. St. John Evangelist, 222 West I ith street. St. Johns', 46 Varick street. St. Luke's, 483 Hudson street. St. Mark's, Stuyvesant street, corner Second avenue. St. Mary's, x 28th street, near Tenth avenue. St. Mary's, 45th street, near Seventh avenue. St. Michael's, Broadway, corner 99th street. St. Peter's, 340 West 2oth street. St. Philip's, (colored,) 305 Mulberry street. St. Stephen's, 53 West 46th street, near Sixth ave. St. Thomas', Fifth avenue, corner 53d street St. Timothy, West 57th street, near Eighth avenue. Transfiguration, East 29th street, near Fifth avenue. Zion, Madison avenue, comer 38th street. 51 St. John Evangelist's, East 5 avenue. St. john's, King's Bridge. St. joseph's, 59 Sixth avenue. St. joseph's (German), Was 176th street. St. joseph's (German), East avenue. St. joseph's (German), West Ninth avenue. St. Lawrence, East 84th stre nue' SL Leo, East 28tll street, near SL Mary Magdalen's (Germ near Avenue B. __ __ __ __ ______ ~]!j\f ____ vieoa Tkird Avenue, Iooliq w the Bowery from~r1~tt BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YQRK. PNEBYTELY ON. -The principal churches re as follows: Alexander Chapel, 7 King street. Allen Street, 6I Allen street. Bethany, x4oth street, corner Third avenue. Brick, 4Ao Fifth avenue. Canal street, 17 Greene street. Central, 220 West 57th street. Church of the Covenant, 28 Park avenue. Church of the Sea and Land, I9 Market street.'. Church of the Puritans, 15 West i3oth street. Eighty-fourth Street, West 84th street, corner Eleventh avenue. Fifth Avenue, 708 Fifth avenue. First, 54 Fifth avenue. First, Washington avenue, near 174th street. First Union, 147 East 86th street. Fourth, 124 West 34th street. Fourth Avenue, 286 Fourth avenue. Fourteenth Street, corner Second avenue. French Evangelical, 9 University place. German, 292 Madison street. Harlem, 43 East 125th street. Madison Square, 9 Madison avenue. Memorial, 506 Madis on avenue. Mount Washington, Inwood. Murray Hill, I35 East 4oth streets New York, I67 West I lth street. North, 374 Ninth avenue. Phillips, Madison avenue, corner East 73d street. Pott's Memorial, Washington avenue, near i67th m Riverdale, Riverdale. Rutgers, 98 Madison avenue. Scotch, 53 West I4th street. Seventh, I38 Broome street. Shiloh, I 67 West 26th street. Spring Street, 246 Spring street. Thirteenth Street, 145 West I3th street. Twenty-third Street, 2I0 West 23d street University Place, comer East ioth street. Washington Heights, Tenth avenue, cm= We* 155th street. Welsh, 225 East 13th street. West, 31 West 42d street. West Farms, West Farms. Westminster, 151 W. 22d street. METHODIST EPISCOPAL.-The following is a list of the churches: Alanson, 52 Norfolk street. Allen Street, I26 Allen street. Asbury, 82 Washington square. Bedford Street, 28 Morton street. Beekman Hill, 319 East 50th street. Centenary, Washington avenue, corner i66th street. Central, 58 Seventh avenue. Chapel, Boulevard, corner West 68th street. Cornell Memorial, East 76th street, near Second ave nue. Duane, 294 Hudson street. Eighteenth Street, 307 West i8th street. Eighty-sixth Street, II 5 East 86th street. Eleventh Street Chapel, 545 East I ith street. First Getnan, 252 2d street. Forsyth Street, Io Forsyth street. Forty-fourth Street, 46I West 44th street. Forty-Third Street, 253 West 43d street. Franklin Chapel, x86 Franklin street. German, 346 West 4oth street. Grace, West Io4th, near Ninth avenue. Hedding, 337 East x7th street. Home, Avenue A, corner East 82d street Hope, 75 W. I25th street. Jane Street, I3 Jane street. John Street, 44 John street. Lexington Avenue, corner East 52d street North New York, Willis avenue, corner 141w street. Perry street, I22 Perry street. Rose Hill, 22I East 27th street. St. James', Madison avenue, comer East in" street. St. John's, 23I West 53d street. St. Luke's, Io8 West 4Ist street. St. Paul's (German), 308 East 55th streets St. Paul's,IFourth avenue, comer East 22d stre~ Second Avenue, comer East I Igth street. Second Street, 276 2d street. Seventh Street, 24 7th street. Sixty-first Street, 229 East 6ISt street. South Harlem, I79 East x I Ith street. Thirtieth Street, 331 West 3oth street. Thirty-fifth Street, 460 West 35th street. Thirty-seventh Street, 225 East 37th street. Twenty-fourth Street, 359 West 24th street. Tremont, Washington avenue, near I76th street Washington Heights, Tenth avenue, near West I5x2 street. Washington Square, I37 West 4th street. Wesley Chapel, 87 Attorney street. Willett Street, 9 Willett street. BAPTIST.-Among the principal churches are the Abyssinian (colored), I66 Waverly place. Amity, West 54th street, near Eighth avepue. Antioch, 278 Bleecker street. Berean, 35 Downing street. Bethany Chapel, West 8Ist st., corner Eleventh ave. Calvary, 50 West 23d street. Central, 220 West 42d street. Central Park, East 83d street, near Second avenue. East, Madison street, corner Gouverneur street. Ebenezer, 1 54 West 36th street. Fifth Avenue, West 46th street, near Fifth avenue. First, Park avenue, corner East 39th street. First German, East i4th, near First avenue. First Harlem, Fifth avenue, cor I26th street. First Swedish. First Mariners', Oliver street, corner Henry. Free Will Baptist, Io4 West I7th street. 4 ta Grace, 405 West 29th street. Harlem Temple, 125th street, near Fourth avenue. Macdougal Street, 24 Macdougal street. Madison Avenue, Madison ave., comer East 31st SL North, 120 Christopher street. Pilgrim, West 33d street, near Eighth avenue. Plymouth, 447 West 5 1 st street, near Ninth avenue. Second German, 453 West 45th street. Second Harlem, i i ith street, laween Third and Fourth avenues. Sixth Street, 644 Sixth street. Sixteenth, 257 West 16th street, near Eighth avenue. South, 365 West 48th street, near Eighth avenue. Stanton, East 25th street, near Madison avenue. Tabernacle, i 62 Second avenue. Trinity, East 55th street, near Lexington avenue. West Fifty-third st., West 53d st., near Seventh a BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. RIPOtMED DuTcH churches are as follows: ]oomingdale, West 7 Ist street, near Ninth avenue. Collegiate, Lafayette place, corner 4th street. Collegiate, Fifth avenue, comner 29th streets Collq~egte, Fifth avenue, corner 48th street. Fouth German Mission, 246 West 4oth street, near Eighth avenue. German Evangelical Mission, 14I East HIouston street. German Reformed Protestant, 129 Norfolk street. Harlem, Third avenue, corner 12ISt street; Rev. G. H. Smyth. Holland, West 29th street, near Ninth avenue. Madison avenue, Madison avenue, corne r 7th street. t Hill, East 85th street, near Second avenue. Fih Avenue, corner 2ISt streets Thirty-fourth Street, 3 07 West 34h stre Union, 25 Sixth avenue. Washington Heights, Washington Heighbt Collegiate Mission, I6O West 29th street. Collegiate Mission, 514 Ninth avenue, n street. Collegiate Mission, Seventh avenue, orner 5Mth street. Collegiate Mission, Fulton street, near William. South Church Mission Chapel, 348 West 26th street Thirty-fourth Street Church Mission, 4o5 West 29th street. German Evangelical Mission, 7I Avenue B, comer 5th street. German Evangelical Mission, Second avenue, it west comer $2d street. THa CONGREGATIONAL churches are as follows: Htoem, 25I East 125th street. Second (colored), I58th street, near Elton ampe mison Avenue Church of the Disciples, Madison Tabernacle, 582 Sixth avenue. avenue, corner East 45th street. Washington Avenue, near I66th street Welsh, 206 East I Ith st. UNITARIAN churches are as An S 245 Fourth avenue. I Messiah, 6i East 34th street. Unity Chapel, 72 East I28th street. U vESALIsT churches are as follows: Church of Our Saviour, 309 West 57th street. Second, x2I East 127th street. Third, 221o Bleecker street. I Church of the Divine Paternity, 538 Fifth ao THE SocIr OF FRIENDS' meeting-houses are as follows: East Fifteenth, corner Rutherford place. I Twentieth Street, I44 East 20th street. Twenty-seventh Street, 43 West 27th street. THE JEWISH CONGREGATIONS have their synagogues located as follows: Adareth El, 135 East 29th street. Adath Israel, 350 East 57th street. Ahavath Chesed, 652 Lexington avenue. Beth-El, 817 Lexington avenue. Beth Hamedrash, 78 Allen street. Beth Hamedrash Hagodol, 69 Ludlow street. Beth Hamedrash Second, 24 Chrystie street. Beth Israel Bikor Cholem, 56 Chrystie street. Bnai Israel, East 4th, near Avenue C. Bnai Jeshurun, 145 West 34th street. Bnai Sholom, 630 5th street. Chebra Mikra Kodesh, rear 63 Chrystie street. larech Amuno, 99 Sixth avenue. Gates of H ope, 113 East 84th street. Hand in Hand, East i i6th street, near Second Holche Iosher, 44 East Broadway. Rodeph Scholem, 8 Clinton street. Shaaer Hashamoin, 9I Rivington street. Shaarai Berocho, 498 Third avenue. Shaarai Rachmim, I46 Norfolk street. Shaarai Tephila, I27 West 44th streetsj Shaarai Zedeck, 38 Henry street. Sheareth Israel, 98 Avenue C. Shearith Israel, 5 West 1ith street. Sons of Israel, 204 Chatham street. Temple Emanu-El, 52i Fifth avenue. COLG AND INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING.-Columbia College is the oldest of these and was fou i 1754. It was endowed with a large "estate and is now one of the wealthiest and most prosperous educational institutions in the land. Its fine looking and commodious series of buildings are located on the block bounded by Madison and Fourth avenues and 49th and 5oth streets. The University of the City of New York is located in a noticeable building, facing Washington square, with a medical department in East 26th street. It was chartered in 1830, is ably conducted, affording excellent opportunities to youths to acquire a higher education. The additional colleges and seminaes of importance are: Academy of the Holy Cross, 343 West 42d street.' General Theological Seminary of the Protestant Academy of the Sacred Heart, 49 West 47th Episcopal Church, West 20th street and street. Ninth avenue. College of the City of New York, Lexington avenue Hahnemann, 3 East 53d street. and 23d street. Homceopathic, Third avenue and East 23d stre ]efctic, 223 East 26th street. Home of the Evangelist, 52 7th street. I 64 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. Hygelo Therapeutic, 95 Sixth avenue. Manhattan, West 13Ist street. Medical College for Women, I87 Second avenue. New York College ofDentistry,Broadway and 2ts st. New York Free Medical College for Women, 5Sst street and Mark's place. Pharmacy University, East Washington square. Physicians and Surgeons, Fourth ave. and East 23d st. COOPER INsTITUTE is a massive brownstone building at the junction of Third and Fourth avenues, and was built by the late Peter Cooper, in 1857, at a cost of $630,000. He endowed it with $i50,000, and opened a large Free Reading-room and Library, which have been better patronized, probably, than any similar institution in the city. There are also Free Schools for instruction in the sciences and fine arts. In the basement is a large hall, in which courses of free lectures are given on travels, science, philosophy, etc. The library contains a full set of Patent Office Re'torts and I5,000 volumes of useful literature. The reading-room is open daily from eight A. M. to ten P. M. CLUBS.-New York has a number of flourishing and excellent clubs, which compare favorably with those of London. The principal ones are the Union Club, Fifth avenue and 2ISt street, with I,ooo members (to which number it is limited), and the Union League Club, which has 1,500 members and occupies a magnificent building corner of Fifth avenue and 39th street. The other clubs of importance are the e Bullion Club. Caledonian Club. Century Club. Coney Island Jockey Club. Down-Town Club. Harmonie Club. Jockey Club. Knickerbocker Club. La Armonia. Lambs' Club. Leider Kranz Club. Lotos Club. Manhattan Club. Merchants' Club. New York Club. New York Press Club. Racquet Club. St. Nicholas Club. Turf Club. Sorosis (female). ity Club. BANKS.-This great commercial and financial centre has developed a large number of banks, both State and NationaL They are conducted in a conservative manner, and fully meet the wants of their numerous customers. The State banks with their capital, are as follows: Bank of America, 46 Wall street. $8,ooo,ooo. Manhattan Company, 40 Wall street. $2,o50,00oo Bank of North America, 44 Wall street. $700,000. Mt. Morris, I33 East 125th street. Bank of the Metropolis, 17 Union square. $500,000. Murray Hill, 760 Third avenue. $ioo,ooo. Corn Exchange, 13 William street. $i,ooo,ooo. Nassau, I37 Nassau street. $I,O000,000. Eleventh Ward, I47 Avenue D. $ioo0,00ooo. North River, I87 Greenwich street. $24o,0oo Fifth Avenue, 531 Fifth avenue. $ioo,ooo. Oriental, I22 Bowery. $300,000. German American, 50 Wall street. $750,000ooo. Pacific, 470 Broadway. $422,700. German Exchange, 330 Bowery. $200,000. People's, 395 Canal street. $412,500. Germania, 2I15 Bowery. $200,000. Produce, 59 Barclay street. $200,000. Greenwich, 402 Hudson street. $200,000. West Side, 48i Eighth avenue. $200,_0o Island City, 79 West 23d street. $ioo,ooo. Sea Board Bank. THE NATIONAL BANKS with their capital are as follows: American Exchange, 128 Broadway. $5,ooo,0ooo. Bank of Commerce, 29 Nassau street. *$5,00ooo,ooo. Bank of New York, 48 Wall street. $2,ooo000,000. Bank of the Republic, 33 Nassau street. $I,500,000. Bank of the State of New York,'33 William street. $800,000. Bowery, 62 Bowery. $250,000. Broadway, 237 Broadway. $x,ooo,ooo. Butchers' and Drovers', 124 Bowery. $300,000. Central, 320 Broadway. $2,000,000. Chase, Io4 Broadway. $300,ooo000. Chatham, I96 Broadway. $450,000ooo. Chemical, 270 Broadway. $300,000. Citizens', 40I Broadway. $600,ooo000. Ca, 52 Wall street. $I,ooo,ooo. Cotinental, 7 Nassau street. $i,ooo,oooM East River, 682 Broadway. $250,ooo. Fifth, 300 Third avenue. $I50,ooo. First, 94 Broadway. $500,ooo. Fourth, 14 Nassau street. $3,750,0oo Fulton, 37 Fulton street. $60o,00o. Gallatin, 36 Wall street. $I,500,o0o. Hanover, I3 Nassau street. $ I,ooo,ooo. Importers'andTraders',247 Broadway. $I,5oo,o Irving, 287 Greenwich street. $500,000. Leather Manufacturers', 29 Wall street. $6oo,ooo. Marine, 78 Wall street. $4oo,ooo. Market, 286 Pearl street. $5oo,ooo. Mechanics', 33 Wall street. $2,000,oCoo. Mechanics' Banking Company, 38 Wal $500,000. Mechanics' and Traders', 153 Bowery. l300tgloo 55 R,dtgers Female, 489 Fifth avenue. St. Francis Xavier, 49 West I5th street. St. Louis, 23:z West 42d street. University of the City of New York, 2 Washingbm sauare. Univeity, East 26th street, opposite Bellevue. Union Theological Seminary, 9 University place. Veterinary, 205 Lexington avenue. Unive 56 BIRD'S.EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. Mercantile, I9I Broadway. $I,ooo,ooo. Produce Exchange Bank, in Produce Exchange Merchants', 42 Wall street. $2,000,000. Building. $2,000,000. Merchants' Exchange, 257 Broadway. $i,ooo,ooo. St. Nicholas, 7 Wall street. $500,o000. Metropolitan, Io8 Broadway. $3,000ooo,ooo. Second, I90 Fifth avenue. New York County, 79 Eighth avenue. $200,000. Seventh Ward, 234 Pearl street. $300,000. New York Exchange, I38 Chambers street. $300- Shoe and Leather, 271 Broadway. $500,000ooo 00ooo. Sixth, I330 Broadway. $200,000. Ninth, 409 Broadway. $750,000ooo. Third, 22 Nassau street. $I,ooo,ooo. Park, 214 and 216 Broadway. $2,000,000. Tradesmen's, 291 Broadway. $I,000,0ooo. Phenix, 45 Wall street. $i,ooo,ooo. Union, 34 Wall street. $i,200,000. TRUST COMPANIES are as follows: American Loan and Trust Company, I4I Broadway. New York Bond Deposit Company, Io8 Broadway. Central Trust Company, 15 Nassau street. New York Life Insurance and Trust Company, 52 Equitable Trust Company, 27 Pine street. Wall street. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company, 26 Exchange New York State Loan and Trust Company, 5~ place. Wall street. Mercantile, I20 Broadway. Real Estate Loan and Trust Company, I 15 BroadMutual Trust Company, I 15 Broadway. way. New York Guaranty Indemnity Company, 52 Broad- Union Trust Company, 71 Broadway. way. United States Trust Company, 49 Wall street. United States Mortgage Company, 50 Wall street. SAVINGS BANKS are as follows: American, Fifth avenue and 42d street, Dank of Savings, 67 Bleecker street. Bowery, 130 Bowery. Broadway, 4 Park place. itizens', 58 Bowery. Dry Dock, Bowery and 3d street. East River, 3 Chambers street. East Side, I187 Cherry street. Emigrant Industrial, 51 Chambers street. Eleventh Ward, 916 Third avenue. Excelsior, 374 Sixth avenue. Franklin, 658 Eighth avenue. Fifth Avenue, 44th street and Fifth avenue. German, 4 Union square. Greenwich, 73 Sixth avenue. Harlem, 228I Third avenue. Institution for the Savings of Merchants Clerks, 20 Union place. Irving, 96 Warren street. Manhattan, 644 Broadway. Metropolitan, I Third avenue. New York, 8I Eighth avenue. North River, 474 Eighth avenue. Seamen's, 76 Wall street. Union Dime, Broadway and 32d street. West Side, 154 Sixth avenue. NEW YORK'S GP EAT INDUSTRIES-MARKET SCENE, WEST STREET, 66 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. CITY GOVERNMENT.-HISTORICAL SKETCH. It is natural that the metropolis of a nation-the centre of the commercial activity for so many million *f people-should require a carefully studied and elaborate system of municipal government. New York, the representative city of America, has had a corporate existence for upward of two hundred and twenty. five years, and during this period its municipal government has seen many changes, and during the violent political vicissitudes of years gone by has undoubtedly been misgoverned by reason of unjust legislation, corrupt administrators, and the lethargy of her representative citizens; yet, since the expulsion of the Tweed Ring, matters have greatly mended, and at the present time-with all its inherent defects-our system of municipal government works pretty smoothly and effectively. The city contains upward of one million and a half of people, with an assessed property valuation of fifteen hundred million dollars. Nearly two hundred million dollars are here invested in manufactures, while the industrial products annually amount in value to the imposing sum of five hundred millions of dollars! Yet these figures are utterly dwarfed by the value of New York's foreign commerce, which represents an aggregate of about one billion dollars, entirely apart from the hundreds of millions footed up for the domestic trade. The charter of this city has its origin in the Legislature of the State, and is amended from time to time by that body. By it the various departments of the city government are created. These are each placed under the leadership of a Commissioner, or more generally of a Board of Commissioners, composed of citizens nominated by the Mayor and confirmed by the Board of Aldermen. This is an elective body with far-reaching executive and legislative powers, their authority to confirm or reject the Mayor's nominations vesting a grave responsibility in them, which, we are sorry to say, has too frequently been abused from par. tisan or other subsidiary motives. The municipal departments of the city government with their powers and duties are as follows: The Mayor, with a general supervision over all branches of the government, and who nominates the Commissioners and subordinate heads of departments. The Comptroller is the financial head of the city. He has control of the fiscal affairs of all the municipal departments, which amount in yearly expenditures to thirty-odd millions of dollars. The Commissioner of Public Works is vested with extensive powers over public thoroughfares and places, buildings, incumbrances, etc., and also the Croton water. Fol Park Commissioners have control of Central Park and the other parks and squares of the city. The Dock Department have charge of all the docks, piers, and bulkheads on both the river fronts of the city, the improvement of the city's water front, etc., etc. There are three Fire Commissioners, who have sole control of the Fire Department. The police administration of the metropolis is vested in four Commissioners. To them the public looks for the preservation of peace and order, the arrest of lawbreakers, the enforcement of the laws against gambling dens, disorderly places, and the direct control of the police force as regards appointments, dismissals, discipline, etc. The duty of licensing liquor dealers and enforcing the law against illegal rumselling is put in the lads of three Excise Commissioners. There are eleven Police Justices, who have charge of the police courts, trying and sentencing pris. oners guilty of petty offenses and conducting the preliminary examinations, with power to commit for trial in cases of felony and misdemeanor. The Department of Public Charitie's and Correction consists of three Commissioners. They have supervision of a great system of public institutions all over the city and on the neighboring Blackwell's and Randall's Islands, inclusive of the Penitentiary, Workhouse, and Charitable Relief Departments. The Board of Health looks after the sanitary condition of the city, to abate nuisances, to guard the people against disease and save them from death. The Commissioners of Taxes and Assessment are clothed with extensive powers which touch the rights and interests of every property owner, in connection with the value of real estate, and the collection of the assessments thereon, and also personal taxes. Besides the above departments, there is the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, presided over by the Mayor, and which finally decides as to the amount of money that is to be annually expended in carry. ig on the work of the city government; also, the Sinking Fund Commissioners, five in number, who have ge of the method devised for extinguishing the civic debt. 57 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. iWt, but by no means least, is the Board of Aldermen, whose members are directly elected by the peeple, ad representing larger interests than those of many of the States in the Union. They have power to pass, repeal, and enforce civic ordinances, and can override the Mayor's veto by a two-third's vote. There are twenty-two Aldermen in the Board. , REEF RETROSPECT FROM THE DATE OF THE CITY'S INCORPORATION, WITH A HISTORY OF THE MAYORS WHO HAVE HELD OFFICE FROM I665. The City of New York was incorporated in i653, and has ever since had a vigorous and progressive exience. The germs of civic vitality sown by the rugged old Dutch Burghers have produced ten thousand fold in everything that makes a city great, wealthy, and powerful, and the present Mayor, Mr. Edson, can look back upon a line of previous Mayors who, for over two hundred years in turn, filled the high office. In i650o the Government of Holland issued a provisional order "for the government, preservation, and peopling of New Netherland." Article XVII of this interesting old document is as follows: "And within the City of New Amsterdam shall be erected a BURGHER GOVERNMENT, consisting of a Sheriff, two Burgomasters, and five Schepens." In I652 definite instructions were sent out to the Sheriff for his guidance in acting "as the Director General and Councils' guardian of the law in the district of the City of New Amsterdam." The English Come In. However, in I665 the British had obtained possession of " New Amsterdam," and had, with character igc loyalty to King James, rechristened it "New Yorke," and on the twelfth day of June, I665, Governor Richard Nicolls issued a "Mayor and Aldermen's Commission." We give the text of the original document in the quaint old English then in vogue: N WHEREAS; upon mature deleberacon and advice, I have found it necessary to discharge the fforme N of Governmt late in practice wth in this his Maties Towne of New Yorke, under the name and style of " Scout, Burgomasters and Schepenes, which are not knowne or customary in any of his Maties Dominions; "To the end that the course of Justice for the future may be legally, equally and impartially administered to "all his Maties Subjects as well as Inhabitants & Strangers; Know all Men by these Presents, That I " Richard Nicolls, Deputy Governr to His Royall Highnesse, the Duke of Yorke, by virtues of his Maties . Letters Pattents, bearing date the 12th day of March in ye I6th yeare of his Maties Reigne, Do ordaine, constitute, and declare that the Inhabitants of New Yorke, New Harlem, wth all other his Maties Subjects Inhabitants upon this Island, commonly called and knowne by the Name of the Manhattans Island, are ,and shall bee for ever accounted, nominated and Established, as one Body Politique and Corporate under "the Governmt of a Mayor Aldermen and Sheriffe, snd I do by these P'sents constitute and appoint for one "whole yeare, commencing from the date hereof, and ending the 12th day of June wch shall be in the Yeare "of our Lord I666, Mr. Thomas Willett to bee Mayor, Mr. Thomas Delavall, Mr. Oloffe Stuyvesant, Mr. "John Brugges, Mr. Cornelius Van Ruyven, & Mr. John Lawrence to bee Aldermen, and Mr. Allard " Anthony to be Sheriffe; Giving and Granting to them the said Mayor & Aldermen, or any four of them, "whereof the said Mayor or his Deputy shall be always one, and upon Equall division voyces, to have "always the casting and decisive voyce, full power and authoritye to Rule & Governe, as well all the "Inhabitants of this Corporacon, as any Strangers, according to the Generall Lawes of this Governmt and "such peculiar Lawes as are, or shall be thought convenient & necessary for the good & welfare of this "His Maties Corporacon; and I do hereby strictly charge and command all persons to obey & execute, "from Time to Time, all such Warrants,'orders & Constitutions, as shall be made by the said Mayor & " Aldermen, as they will answer the contrary at their utmost Perills." " And for the due Administracon of Justice, according to the fformne and manner prescribed in this "Commission, by the Mayor, Aldermen & Sheriffe, These Presents shall bee to them, & every of them, a mefficient Warrant and discharge in that behalfe; "Given under my hand & seale at Ffort James in New Yorke, this 12th day of June, I665." " RICH. NICOLLS." The above curious document was the one that first created the office of Mayor in the city of New York, and the gentleman thus honored, Mr. Thomas Willett, was a merchant and trader. Mr. Thomas Delavall, another merchant, was Mayor in I67I; and Matthias Nicolls, a lawyer, held the office in I672. But a startling change then came over the face of the Britons' dream of power, for in the following year, x673, M Dutch again gained possession of "New Vorke" and promptly changed the name to " New Orange," 58 ____ -Th 2 - '1 ____ t' A t nt w ' the G(and 2Vountain and surroun 60.BIRD'S-EYE.VIEW.OF.NEW.YORK. ____ ad i so doing, to use a colloquial expression, they "fired out" the British Mayor and Aldermen and abolished all such officials. Here is what Bencke's and Evertsen's Charter, datea I673, says: " Whereas, we have deemed it necessary for the advantage and prosperity of our City, New Orange, "4recently restored to the obedience of the said High and Mighty Lord States General of the United Nether lands, & His Serene Highness the Lord Prince of Orange, to Reduce the form of Government of this city to "its previous character of Schout, Burgomasters, & Schepens, as is practiced in all the cities of our Fatherland." The charter goes on to appoint Anthony de Millt as Schout or Sheriff, and among the Burgomasters we notice the familiar names of" de Peyster" and " Beeckman." Return of the British. It was not long, however, before the British returned, and, again obtaining possession of the city, restored the name of "New Yorke," and which it has ever since borne. Among the early Mayors under English rule were: Nicholas De Meyer, merchant, in I 676; Stephanus Van Cortland, merchant, in i677; Thomas Delavall (second term), merchant, in I678; Francis Rombout, merchant, in I679; Gabriel Minvielle, merchant, in I684; Nicholas Bayard, brewer, in I685; [i686-7; Stephanus Van Cortland (second term), merchant, in Cornelius Steennyck, merchant, in I 688; Peter Delancey, merchant, in i689; John Lawrence, merchant, in I690; Abraham De Peyster, merchant, from 1691 to 1694; William Merritt, merchant, from I695 to I697; Johannes De Peyster, merchant, in I698; David Provoost, merchant, in 1699; Isaac De Riemer, merchant, in I1700; Thomas Noole, merchant, in 1701i; After the Evacuation by the British. The following is a list of Mayors from I783 to I883, with some references to those of prominence: James Duane was the first Mayor elected after peace was declared. He was the son of an Irishman from Galway named Anthony Duane, who married into the Keteltas family, prominent in the city, Abraham Keteltas having been an Assistant Alderman for five years. Mayor Duane was a celebrated and eloquent lawyer, whose wife was a Livingston. He was a member of the Provincial Congress, and to him the heirs of Anneke Jans first applied for direction in their suit against Trinity Church, and he was commissioned as the first United States Judge who ever presided in New York. He was Mayor from 1783 to I788., Richard Varick, another brilliant lawyer, succeeded him. He was prominent during the Revolution and had been Recording Secretary to General Washington; also had been Attorney General and Recorder. During his lifetime the population of the city increased from 203000o to 200,00o. He was Mayor from I1789 to I8Soo. Edward Livingston, another leading lawyer, came next, and was Mayor during I8oI and 1802. DeWitt Clinton comes next. He was certainly one of the most celebrated and successful men who ever graced the civic chair. The period when he was elected was a lively one in politics, but Clinton was a man of wonderful force of character ald faithfully served the city from I 803 to I814, when he resigned the office and was soon afterward elected Governor of the State by a large majority. Marinus Willett, an ex-Sheriff, and the lineal descendant of Thomas Willett, the first Mayor of New York (in I666), was next in office in i815. He lived to be ninety-one years old and died on his farm, after which the present Willett Street was named. Jacob Radcliffe comes next. Was a lawyer and became a Judge.' He retired from office in I817. Cadwallader D. Colden, a lawyer, was elected Mayor in I8i8. He had been District Attorney, and a member of Assembly, and was afterward made State Senator, Congressman, and one of the Court for the Correction of Errors, now, known as the Court of Appeals. Mayor Colden displayed a very lively interest in local public improvements, education, the drama and literature. He originated the House of Refuge, wd was among the founders of the Erie and Morris and Essex Canals. He served as Mayor through the ers 1818, 1819, and I820, and for many years was president of the St. David's Society of New York. BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. 60 Philip French, merchant, in 1702; William Peartree, merchant, from 1703 to 17o6 Ebenezer Wilson, merchant, from 1707 to 1709; Jacobus Van Cortland, Paerchant, in 1710; Caleb Heathcote, gentleman, from 1711 to 1713; John Johnson, merchant, from 1714 to 17i8; Jacobus Van Cortland (second term), merchant, in 1719; Robert Walters, merchant, from 1720 to 1723 Robert Lurting, merchant, from 1726 to 1734; Paul Richard, merchant, from 1735 to I738; John Cruger, merchant, from 1739 to I743; Stephen Bayard, merchant, from I 744 to 1746; Edward Holland, merchant, from 1747 to 1756; John Cruger, Jr., merchant, from I757 to 1765; Whitehead Hicks, lawyer, from I766 to I773 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. 61 Stephen Alle~, proprietor of a sail loft, succeeded Colden. He had been originally a journeyman sailmaker, but his energy and talents pushed him up, and he grew wealthy. Lie served two years as Mayor, and was lost in 1852 on board the ill-fated steamboat, "Henry Clay." Wilbarn Paulding, Jr., a lawyer, was successor to Mayor Allen in 1823, and served through 1824. At that time the Aldermen chose the Mayor, and in 1825 they elected Philip Hone, a Whig, to succeed Paulding, who was a Democrat. Mayor Hone made things lively for a year. He suggested many public improvements, and gave numerous receptions at his house in Broadway, near Park place. Not only the salary of the office, $3,500, but a goodly share of his private fortune, were spent by Mayor Hone, who, however, was supplanted in the next year by his predecessor, Mayor Paulding. Mr. Hone was Naval Officer of the Port of New York when he died in 1851. Mayor Paulding held office in his second term during 1826 and 1827. Ex-Senator Walter Bowne was elected in 1828. He was a descendant of a Quaker family, and had made a fortune in the hardware business, and he applied the principles which were the basis of his success to the government of the city. When he left office after being there five years the yearly tax levy was only $665,385.74. In a few years it was up to nearly a million, in 1842 it had reached two millions, in 1846 it was three, in 1853 four, in 1855 five, in 1856 seven, in 1857 eight, and in 1860 ten millions. Gideon Lee, who comes next, was the last Mayor to be chosen by the Board of Aldermen. He had come to New York a poor boy, had suffered many hardships, but with creditable pluck and application had succeeded in amassing a fortune in the leather trade. He served during 1833, and would not stand for re-elect~on, but served a term in Congress afterward. Cornelius NV. Lawrence, merchant, was the first Mayor elected by the people, the election occurring in April, 1834. Julian C. Verplanch was the Whig candidate, but the Democrats rallied to the support of Mr. Lawrence, and a close struggle ensued. The polling lasted three days. There were 40,000 vote~ polled, and the Democratic candidate had 181 majority. He was re-elected twice. BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. Aaron Clark, an ex-official and wealthy promoter of lotteries (which were then legalized), was elected Mayor in I837. With the example of Mayor Hone before him, Clark tried to gain the favor of society by giving balls and entertainments at his house on Broadway, near Leonard Street; but he was laughed for his pains and was nicknamed the "dancing Mayor." Nevertheless, he was re-elected, there being several Democratic candidates, including Alderman Isaac L. Varian and Recorder Riker. Isaac L. Varian succeeded Aaron Clark. He was Mayor during I839 and I840. Robert H. Morris, a prominent lawyer, was the next Mayor, serving during I84I, I842, and I843. He had distinguished himself by bringing to light some colonization fraud, which the Whig leaders had been practicing during the Harrison-Van Buren Presidential campaign. At the time of his death in I854 he was Judge of the Supreme Court. James Harper, publisher, was Mayor during I844. Was the nominee of the Know Nothing party. William F. Havemeyer, sugar refiner, succeeded him in I845. He beat Harper by 7,00ooo plurality, or as much as the Whig candidate, Dudley Selden, received altogether. Andrew H. Mickle, a tobacconist, was Mayor in I846. He was a Democrat, and his Know Nothing opponent, William B. Cozzens, the hotel man, received but 8,ooo votes as compared with the 24,000 cast for Mayor Harper in I844. William V. Brady, a silverware manufacturer, was elected by the Whigs in I847. He ran for the office again the following year, but was defeated by William F. Havemeyer, who served his second term through i848. Caleb S. Woodhull, a lawer, was Mayor during I849 and I85o, being elected and returned to office by the Whigs. He was at the helm when the Astor Place riot occurred. Ambrose C. Kingsland, a merchant, and the Whig candidate, was the next Mayor, and defeated Fernando Wood by four thousand five hundred majority; he held office for two terms, during x85I and I852. Jacob A. Westervelt, shipbuilder, was Mayor during x853 and I854. Hon. Fernando Wood was Mayor in i855-6-7-8. He defeated three candidates in'55, although the vote he received was twenty thousand less than the total cast for the others. Hon. Daniel F. Tiernan succeeded Mayor Wo6d in 1859, remaining in office one year, when ExMayor Wood was re-elected, and presided over the office until he resigned to take his seat as a member of Congress. George Opdyke, a representative banker, was Mayor during i862-3, and was noted for quelling the draft riots. Was the first president of the Fourth National Bank. His son continues the banking business. C. Godfrey Gunther, a merchant, was elected to succeed Mayor Opdyke, and held the office during the years I864-5. During his term the plot to burn the city was discovered and promptly checked through a determined and masterly effort. Hon. John T. Hoffman, a well-known lawyer,'succeeded to the Mayoralty in I866, and continued in office until October, I868, when he resigned to assume the duties of Governor of New York State. From the period of his resignation to January, I869, there was no Mayor, the duties incumbent on the position being transacted by the President of the Board of Aldermen by virtue of his office. A. Oakey Hall, a lawyer, assumed office in I869, and continued during the years of I8707I-72. During his administration he was charged with being implicated in the corrupt deals that were at that time discovered. He was twice tried for malfeasance in office, the jury disagreeing. William F. Havemeyer, sugar refiner, who was Mayor in i845 and I848, was re-elected to succeed Mayor Hall in i872, and assumed the position in i873. During his career in the Mayor's chair he exposed the Tweed Ring, and though experiencing bitter quarrels with the Board of Aldermen, his personal integritywas never questioned. He suddenly died in his office on November 3oth, I874. S. B. H. Vance, President of the Board of Aldermen, by virtue of his office became Mayor at Mayor Havemeyer's death. lie was a Republican, and though having a number of appointments during his thirty-days term, he requested-the Mayor-elect to name the successors of the vacant offices. William H. Wickham, a merchant, became Mayor January, 1875, for the term of two years. Smith Ely, Jr., a lawyer and leather merchant, next filled the office during the years 1877-8 and was followed by Edward Cooper, a merchant and capitalist, and a son of Peter Cooper, filling the office for I879-80. He made the great fight againt Tammany Hall, defeating their candidate by some fifteen thousand majority, and while in office was persistent in his contest with corruption. William R. Grace, head of the house of William R. Grace & Co., became Mayor of the city dring the years I88I-2. His administration is so recent that it is intimately known to all the citizens. Franklin Edson, the present incumbent, is noticed to some extent on page 76. i2 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK..8 POPULATION OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. In the matter of comparison with our own country, as well as for general and useful information, rho table of the population of Foreign Countries, given below, will be of more than ordinary interest. Of the countries of Europe, the United States now leads them all, with the single exception of Russia, whose territory, in square miles, is five times larger than our own. Germany, France, Austria, Turkey, Great Britain and Ireland, and Italy, fall below the United States, in the order named. Belgium is more crowded than any other country in the world, having 469 inhabitants to the square mile, followed by Netherlands and Great Britain and Ireland, with 282 and 268, respectively. Canada has plenty of room, with one inhabitant to each square mile, while the United States has more than sufficient elbow room with thirteen. The general average of all countries, as represented in the table, is 88 persons to the square mile,-that is, if the population was evenly distributed, it would allow of eighty-eight person occupying that area: lAREA INHABITA] SQUAR. TO SQUAR MILES. MILS. 871,000 1.96 226,406 158.58 11,373 469.20 473,300 3.70 3,275,326 3.08 3,483,952 1.03 130,977 15.79 3,924,627 110.45 432,400 6.82 212,600 24.70 14,553 131.32 218,984 8.49 201,900 182.79 212,091 201.45 121,230 268.08 19,941 72.96 950,919 200.50 112,677 243.91 156,604 214.71 761,640 12.18 219,000 27.39 12,680 282.30 122,280 1l.78 57,303 3.85 648,000 10.03 502,760 5.21 36,510 121.31 8,404,767 10.34 51,033 105.34 19,721 87.33 250,000 25.20 182,758 92.11 170,980 25.90 15,233 181.17 1,812,048 17.62 70,000 6.35 3,603,884 13.63 268,235 4.92 LAST COUNTRIES. CAPITAL. ENBUS. Argentine Republic..................Buenos Ayres.................. 1875 Austria-Hungary.....................Vienna.............................. 1869 Belgium................................... Brussels........................... 1876 Bolivia..................................... La Paz.............................. 1861 Brazil......................................Rio de Janeiro.................. 1872 Canada, Dorrniiion of............... Ottawa............................... 1871 Chili..................... Santiago..................1875 Chinese Empire.....................Pekin................................ Est. Colombia..................................Bogota.............................. 1870 Egypt.................... Cairo................................ Est. Denmark.................................Copenhagen..................... 1870 Ecuador...................................Quito............................... 1875 France.....................................Paris................................. 1876 Germany.................... Berlin....................1875 Great Britain and Ireland.....London............................ 1871 Greece......................................Athens............................. 1870 India, British....................... Calcutta........................... 1871 Italy..................... Rome...............Rom................ 1871 Japan....................................... Yeddo............................... 1874 Mexico.....................................Mexico............................. 1871 Morocco...................................Morocco............................. Est. Netherlands................... Amsterdam........................ 1869 Norway..................................... Christiania.......................... 1875 Paraguay.................................Asuncion........................... 1873 Persia....................................... Teheran.............................. Est. Peru............................. Lima................................. 1876 Portugal................................... Lisbon............................... 1875 Russian Empire..................... St. Petersburg................. 1876 Romania...................................Bucharest......................... Est. Servia....................................... 1702 1 874 Siam..........................................Bangkok.......................... Est. Spain........................................ Madrid................................ 1870 Sweden.................................... Stockholm......................... 1876 Switzerland.........B.............Berne................................ 1870 Turkey.....................................Constantinople.................. Est. Uruguay................................ Montevideo....................... 1876 United States........................... Washington...................... 1880 Venezuela................... Caracas............................. 1873 0 STATISTICS OF THE GLOBE. The earth is inhabited by about 1,300 millions of inha- second. This loss is compensated for by an equal amount bitants, viz: of births. Of the Caucasian race......................... 360,000,000 The average duration of life throughout the globe is Of the Mongolian..................... 550,000,000 thirty-three years. One-fourth of its population dies be Of the Ethiopian................... 190,000,000 fore the seventh year, and one-half before the seven. Of the Malay.................................... 200,000,000 teenth. Out of 10,000 persons, only one reaches his hun Of the American Indian................... 1,000,000 dredth year, only one in 500 his eightieth, and only one in 100 his sixty-fifth. All these respectively speak 3,064 languages, and pos- Married people live longer than unmarried ones, and a sess 1,000 different religions. tall man is likely to live longer than a short one. Until The number of deaths per annum is 33,333,333, or 91,- the fiftieth year, women have a better chance of life than 934 per day, 3,730 per hour, sixty per minute, or one per men; but beyond that period the chances are equal. a — o THE GREAT CITIES OF THE WORLD HAVING A POPULATION OF - 500,000 AND OVER. London, England................... 3,251,000 Han Keoo, China....................................... 800,000 Soo Chow, China...................................... 2,000,000 Philadelphia, U. S................................... 847,452 Paris, France.......................................... 1,825,009 St. Petersburg, Russia........................... 667,009 Pekin, China........................................... 1,648,890 Calcutta, India....................................... 616,249 Yeddo, Japan..................................... 1,554,900 Foo-Chow, China.................................... 600,000 Canton, China......................................... 1,236,600 Brooklyn, U. S................................. 656,930 Constantinople, Turkey........................... 1,075,000 Chicago, U. S.......................................... 503,298 Chang-Choo, China................. St. Louis, U.S............. 1,000,000 St...........375,000 New York, U. S........................................ 1,29,561 Liverpool, England...................Lvo....... 500,000 Vienna, Austria....................................... 833,900 Miako,Japan................ *500,000 Berlin, Germany.................................... 825,400 Glasgow, Scotland................. 500,000 Bombay India....................................... 816,562 Bangkok, Siam..................... 500,000 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK. as POPULATION. 1,715,681 35,904,435 5,336,185 1,742,352 10,108,291 3,602,321 2,075,971 433,500,000 2,951,311 5,252,000 1,912,142 866,137 36,905,788 42,727,360 31,628,338 1,457,894 190,663,623 26,801,154 33,623,319 9,276,097 6,000,000 3,579,529. 1,806,900 221,0-79 6,500,000 2,699,945 4,441,037 86,952,347 5,376,000 1,720,270 6,300,000 16,222,814 4,429,713 2,759,854 81,669,147 445,000 50,152,371 1,784,197 a-~~~~~~~ It-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' b Vi~~~~w If CI I~l. aru~y, P~e ~ ~ S~e J( ce q, M_ I C CE" EXCHANGEA Historical, Statistical, and Descriptive INSTITUTION. ORIGINS GROWTH, AND USEFULNESS, WITH PERSONAL MENTION OF LEADING MEMBERS AND MANY OF THE PROMINENT BUSINESS FIRMS OF THE METROPOLIS. The United States has of late grown so marvelously fast, in wealth and population, that it is with difficulty that the ratio of her progress can be computed. The most sanguine anticipations of statesmen and statisticians have been exceeded, and a vigorous vitality and wonderful prosperity characterize the new settlements that are continuously forming in the vast Western and Southwestern States and Territories. There, upon the boundless fertile prairies, and rich woodlands, are millions of able-bodied emigrants and Eastern men-the bone and sinew of other States and countries-who, often upon the smallest of capital, are building up homes and improving valuable farms, while the results of their earnest, agricultural operations are seen in the increasing export of their superabundant grain and produce to less-favored lands. The enormous increase of the grain trade in a decade would seem impossible if it were not so reliably established by the Government Bureau of Statistics. In I872, there were received at seven Atlantic ports x66,429,653 bushels of grain, while the amount thus received at the same ports in 1882 was 213,521,184 bushels, or an increase of over 47,ooo,ooo bushels in ten years. The increase in the production of meats, lard, and other staples has been proportionately great, while the rapid expansion of flocks and herds, and the acreage of cultivated land from year to year warrants the belief that the growth of the export and home trade of the United States, during the next decade, in grain and other kindred products, will "e the most liberal calculations. 5 65 THE NEW YORK PRODUCE EXCHANGE Is it then not to be expected that the facilities and methods for handling and disposing of the addttiorw hundreds of millions of bushels will keep pace with the demand? And is it not certain that if the prese* channels of trade are found too contracted the surplus overflow will seek other outlets? The New York Produce Exchangethe wealthiest and most enterprising commercial association in America-answered the above questions in the affirmative several years ago, and has been and is, by every means in its power not only making preparations on a most extended scale to meet the growth of our export trade, but has been and is still urging upon the representatives of the people the necessity for enlarged and improved facilities for the transportation, handling, and storage of the rising flood of agricultural wealth. Especially has the Exchange impressed these facts upon the people of the State and the city of New York, through which now passes by far the largest share of the Western trade, and much of whose wealth and prosperity is directly derived therefrom. Whatever may be done by National, State, and private enterprise toward increasing and improving the railroads and waterways centering in New York and her terminal facilities, it is a pleasing fact that the Produce Exchange is prepared to handle any future growth of our export commerce. From comparatively small beginnings it has reached a position of prominence, power, and usefulnes in the community little dreamt of twenty years ago, and has erected the largest and the most magnificent Exchange Building in the world, in order (with far-seeing sagacity) to accommodate the future immene growth of its trade and membership. Its public-spirited policy is here exemplified in the most practical and enduring of forms-a majestic Temple of Trade, in regard to which every citizen of New York and the country at large must feel a thrill of pride and pleasure as he gazes at its giant proportions and realizes that it was erected by sensible, active, and conservative business men, who are determined to keep pace with the nation's mighty growth, and have invested upward of $3,000ooo,ooo000 in order to possessa building commensurate with their commercial requirements. To give room for the further continuance of their present marvelous ratio of progress, they have reared a structure which is a credit to the metropolis and a monument to their own industry and enterprise, and at which juncture it is eminently fitting to bring forth, in a permanent form, a carefully and honestly written history of the Exchange and its individual member as well as a description of its new building. Growth of New York's Export Trade. Early ermicles give an idea ef what the export trade of New York was in its infancy. Ths Governor Andros, in 1678, quaintly reports that "Our produce is land provisions of all sorts, as of wheate, exported yearly about sixty thousand bushells, pease, beefe, pork, and some fish, tobacco, etc." In 1774 Governor Tryon reported that the annual amount of the exports to Great Britain was one hundred and thirty thousand pounds sterling, the produce thus exported consisting of" wheat, Indian corn, oats, rye, pease, barley, and buckwheat, live stock, timber and lumber, flour, pork, beef, etc." In those days, however, the exigencies of trade did not demand a commercial organization, nor were the produce mrchants numerous enough to sustaintsuch an institution, and it was not until the present century that out commerce had grown sufficiently to induce our mercantile community to seek a union of interests. In i840 the massivebuilding in Wall Street now occupied as the Custom House was known as the Merchants Exchange, where daily meetings were held by the merchants in all lines of commerce to consider questions of public interest and hear the latest news as to shipping and prices. The produce men, however, had a pedal meeting-place of their own in the mornings. It was by no means a very satisfactory one, being the widewalk at the corner of Broad and South Streets, where an ordinary awning served as a protection daom the weather while the dealers transacted their business. About x850 the growth of the trade and of the umber of those engaged in it created a demand for more appropriate accommodations, and a room in one of the corner warehouses was leased, where the merchants, it was true, escaped the rain and wizd and THE NEW YORK PRODUCE EXCHANGE. heat and cold, but were still far from possessing the manifold conveniences and advantages of a moden exchange. Then followed the "Corn Exchange," briefly sketched in the following chapter. Organization of the "New York Commercial Association." When the growth of the produce trade of New York began to assume large proportions, a few years before the war broke out, the merchants transacted their business in what was known as the "Corn Exchange," which was located in a building at the corner of Broad and South Streets. This Corn Exchange was a joint stock affair, and the majority of the shares were owned by the five largest dealers in flour and grain. As aboutone thousand merchants were accustomed to frequent the dingy "Exchange," and as the place was ill-adapted for the purpose to which it was devoted (but on the score of economy was retained), there were numerous complaints in regard to the unsuitableness of the premises, which were dark and imperfectly ventilated. It was, however, almost an impossibility for the members to obtain redress, because those who controlled the stock and made the "Exchange" pay, elected their own friends as managers, and thus insured a continuance in the old quarters which returned such large dividends. However, the dissatisfaction manifested by the members grew in extent, and many were the expressions made use of in regard to having a change, At this juncture, in i86o, while the trade of the city was rapidly expanding, Mr. Amos M. Sackett came to the office of Mr. Theodore Perry one day, and informed him that Mr. Staats M. Mead, the owner of a block of brownstone warehouses fronting on Whitehall Street, was prepared to sell them, and Mr. Sackett also asked Mr. Perry if a company could not be formed to buy it and convert it into an Exchange, for which it was well adapted, occupying, as it did, an entire block, and having frontage on four streets, with abundance of light and air. Mr. Sackett requested Mr. Perry to undertake the preliminary work of organizing such an institution, and bring the important enterprise to the attention of the merchants of the city. Mr. Perry, after due deliberation and having had favorable consultation with his friends, finally decided to undertake the task, and with characteristic energy promptly went at it. Purchasing subscription books, he and his friends brought the subject to the notice of their fellow-merchants, and so well was the project received that they in a few days obtained subscriptions to the extent required, and the first step of what seemed an important and difficult undertaking was accomplished, though it will be well to remark here that not one of the five largest receiving houses of grain and flour subscribed a dollar, but, on the contrary, opposed the new scheme. However, the provision trade had subscribed liberally and generally, the flour and grain dealers also doing fairly. The members of the old" Corn Exchange" had had enough of its arbitrary rule and sighed for a change-for freedom-and in the new enterprise they saw their chancl and from that moment the old institution was doomed. When the subscription books had been closed, the property referred to above was purchased from Mr. Mead, and an architect was employed to alter the brownstone warehouses into an Exchange. He found it was not feasible, the buildings being too weak to bear the strain from the assemblage of a large body of men on the second floor, as was contemplted. Finally it was decided to erect an entirely new structure specially designed for the uses of an Exchange. The warehouses were torn down, and then it was found, owing to the springy nature of the soil, that the foundations would have to be supported upon piles. This necessitated a large additional outlay, but nevertheless the subscribers manfully pushed the enterprise ahead and contracted for the building. In this connection it will be interesting to refer specially to a few of the firms that most energetically and liberally supported the new Exchange. Mr. William H. Newman was more instrumental in carrying forward the enterprise to success at the beginning than any other man. His house headed the subscription list with $5,ooo, and he procured most of the large subscribers. The tme ofthose who gave $5,00ooo are worthy of mention. They are as follows: William H. Newman & Co., Spoifford, Tileston & Co., Thomas Richardson & Co., and E. J. Mann & Co. Credit is also due to the hke Wlliam D. Chairm an of the Building Committee, who labored assiduously in carrying on _ _ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ _ Ace Be~~~~~~~-1 el 46 THE NEW'<'ORK PRODUCE EXCHANGE. 'the work and ably discharged his most responsible duties. The work of construction went rapidly on, and on April 22d, I86i, the building was completed, and the seven hundred merchants, who had previously organized under the name of the "New York Commercial Association," took possession of the second floor and formally organized for the transaction of business. The same year an act was introduced into the Legislature to incorporate it, and which was passed on April i9th, I862. It is of sufficient interest to merit insertion in',is history, and we give the full text of it as follows: CHA4PTER CCCLIX. AN ACT TO lNCORPORATE THE "NE'W YORk' COMMEPRCIAL ASSOCIATION." The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: SECTION I. The members of the Association known as the "NEW YORK COMMERCIAL ASSOCIA'rION," and all other persons who may hereafter become associated with them under the provisions of this act, are hereby created a body corporate by the name of the " NEW YORK COMMERCIAL ASSOCIATIO N" with perpetual succession and power to use a common seal and alter the same at pleasure, to sue and be sued, to take and hold by grant, purchase, and devise, real and personal property to an amount not exceeding $300,000 for the purposes of such Association, and to sell, lease, convey, and mortgage the same or any part thereof. SEC. 2. The property, affairs, business, and concerns of the corporation hereby created shall be managed by a President, Vice-President, Treasurer, and twelve Managers, who, together, shall constitute a Board of Managers, to be elected annually, at such time and place as may be provided by the By-Laws; and the present officers and Managers of the said Association, as now constituted, shall be the'officers and Managers of the said Corporation until their present term of office shall expire, and until others, under the provisions of this act, shall be elected in their place. All vacancies which may occur'in the said Board, by death, resignation, or otherwise, shall be filled by the said Board. A majority of the members of such Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. SEC. 3. The purpose of said corporation shall be to provide and regulate a suitable room or rooms for a Produce Exchange in the city of New York, to inculcate just and equitable principles in trade, to establish and maintain uniformity in commercial usages, to acquire, preserve, and disseminate valuable business infor mation, and to adjust controversies and misunderstandings between persons engaged in business. The said corporation shall have power to make all proper and needful By-Laws, not contrary to the Constitution and Laws of the State of New York or of the United States. SEC. 4. The said corporation shall have power to admit new members, and expel any member, in such manner as may be provided by the By-Laws. SEC. 5. The Board of Managers shall annually elect, by ballot, five members of the Association, who shall nt be members of the Board, as a committee to be known and styled the Arbitration Committee of the New York Commercial Association. Tlie Board of Managers may, at any time, fill any vacancy or vacancies that may occur in said Committee for the remainder of the term in which the same shall happen. It shall be the duty of said Arbitration Committee to hear and decide any controversy which may arise between the members of the said Association, or any person claiming by, through, or under them, and as may be voluntarily submitted to said Committee for arbitration; and such members and persons may, by an instrument in writing, signed by them and attested by a subscribing witness, agree to submit to the decision of such Committee any such controversy which might be the subject of an action at law or in equity, except claims of title to real estateor to any interest therein, and that a judgment of the Supreme Court shall be rendered upon the award made pursuant to such submission. SEC. 6. Such Arbitration Committee, or a majority of them, shall have power to appoint a time and place of hearing of any such controversy, and adjournthe same from time to time as may be necessary, not beyond the day fixed in the submission for rendering their award, except by consent of parties; to issue subpoenas for the attendance of witnesses residing or being in the Metropolitan Police District. All the pro visions contained in Title 14, Part 3d;, Chapter 8, of the Revised Statutes, and all acts amendatory or in substitution thereof, relating to issuing attachments to compel the attendance of witnesses, shall apply to proceedings had before the said Arbttration Committee. Witnesses so subpoened as aforesaid shall be entitled to the fees prescribed by law for witnesses in the Courtsof Justices of the Peace. SEC. 7. Any number not less than a majority of all the members of the Arbitration Committee shall be competent to meet together and hear the proofs and allegations of the parties, and an award by a majority of those who shall have been present at the hearing of the proofs and allegations shall be deemed the award of the Arbitration Committee, and shall be valid and binding on the parties thereto. Such award shall be made in writing, subscribed by the members of the Committee concurring therein, and attested by a subscribing witness. Upon filing the submission and award in the office of the Clerk of the Supreme Court of the city and county of New York, both duly acknowledged or proved in the same manner as deeds are required to be acknowledged or proved in order to be recorded, a judgment may be entered therein according to the award, and shall be docketed, transcripts filed, and executions issued thereon, the same as authorized by law in regard to judgments in the Supreme Court. Judgments entered in conformity with such award shall not be subject to be removed, reversed, modified, or in any manner appealed from by the parties thereto, except for frauds, collusion, or corruption of said Arbitration Committee, or some member thereof. SEc. 8. This Act shall take effect immediately. 69 '1''' A"'' 1 ('1: THE N1W YORK PRODUCE EXCHANGE. The great success that has attended the Produce Exchange is owing very much to the efficient officials that have always been placed at its head. The first board of officers was as follows: Vice-President-JAMES P. WALLACL SecretayEDWARD M. BANKS. Treasurer-BENJAMIN C. BOGERT. Managers-JOHN J. KINGSFORD, CHARLES LAMSON, GEORGE D. CRAGIN, JOHN W. THoRE, E. W. COLEMAN, FRANCIS A. RAY, GEORGE B. POWELL, BALDWIN N. Fox, EDWARD M. BANKS, FRANOIs . SAG SAUL NIMMONS, AND ISAAC H. REED. Growth of the Exchange. The Association's first business after organizing was to adopt a code of By-Laws and Rules adapted to thorough and honest self-government. From the first the evils inherent to the formation of the Corn Exchange were avoided, and the monopoly of control was not allowed to be centred in the hands of a few. There were two bodies organized: first, the "Produce Exchange Company," which owned the building, and, second, those who transacted business therein were known as the "Commercial Association;" the Produce Exchange Company leased the building to the Association at so much per member,. and its members adopted rules to govern all business transactions, infliction of penalties, etc. Thus neither body conflicted with the other in its sphere of action, but mutually formed a great safeguard around the individual rights of every member. Prosperity attended the inception and early growth of the Commercial Association, and at the close ot the first fiscal year there were one thousand two hundred and thirty-eight members. Among them were the great majority of the members of the old Corn Exchange, and in this connection it should be said that those firms who at first either opposed or turned the cold shoulder to the new enterprise subsequently, per. ceiving its value and success, heartily supported it, becoming members, and they or their successors are still honored members of the Produce Exchange. From i86I to i864 the annual dues were twenty dollars, from I865 to i870 they were twenty-five, the membership in the latter year having increased to two thousand and twenty-three. This large body of active business men now formed the most wealthy and influential Association on the continent, and, banded together in commercial pursuits, were a power in the land, and a very beneficient one, too. In i868, by an act of the Legislature, the name of the Association was changed to that of the "New York Produce Exchange," by which it has ever since been known. The year i872 was rendered memorable as being the one in which the Exchange became owner of its own building. At a meeting of the members of the organization they decided to levy an assessment of two hundred dollars each, the money thus obtained to be used in purchasing the building from the Produce Ex. change Company. Stock was issued forthe total amount thus raised, and the building was acquired at a cost of two hundred and sixty-five thousand dollars. The Produce Exchange Company divided the money among its stockholders at the rate of one hundred and fifty-one per cent., and then went into dissolution, having honorably and successfully accomplished the purpose for which it was created. The ownership of their building was very gratifying to the members and gave a great impetus to the growth of the Exchange. It was decided this year to again increase the initiation fee, this time to three hundred dollars. In 1873, the retiring President, Mr. Abram S. Jewell, of Jewell, Harrison & Co., in his annual address to the members thus referred to their financial prosperity and the bright future before them as a commercial body: " The largely increased fund of the Exchange has given much anxiety to the Finance Committee and the Treasurer, but I am happy to say that with their judicious management the entire amount (two hundred and nineteen thousand and twenty-three dollars and thirty cents) has been kept safely invested at seven per cent. interest. By the action of the members themselves this fund has been so guarded that it will doubtless one day prove ample to erect and equip;a building worthy of the largest and most import 70 President-JOHN B. WRIGHT. THE NEW YORK PRODUCE EXCHANGE. institution of a commercial character in the world, and one which shall be an honor to the merchants i New York." He foresaw what is now an accomplished fact, and the majority of his associates were iMm wise impressed in the same way. In 1873, the act of incorporation was amended by a clause permitting the Exchare to purchase aid hold real and personal property to an amount not exceeding one million five hundred thousand dollars, a wise enactment in view of its marvelous growth. On February ist, I873, the membership had increased to two thousand two hundred and thirty-sevea, and the initiation fee was again raised to five hundred dollars. In spite of this large increase to the former fee, the membership continued to enlarge, so marked were the advantages to all who dealt largely in any way in grain, flour, and provisions, in becoming members, and on May 26th, 1874, the then President, Franklin Edson (now Mayor of the city of New York), announced that the membership had increased to two thousand four hundred and sixty-nine, and the surplus fund to three hundred and forty thousand eight hundred and ninety-six dollars and six cents. This was a noble sum, and represented a most flourishing state of affairs. Some parties favored its distribution among the members pro rata, but on being brought te a vote the proposition was defeated by a very large majority, and the Exchange fund was preserved intact for the original purpose of erecting a building worthy of the Empire City and the leading commercial organization in the United States. At the annual dinner, on May I4th, i874, President Edson thus referred to the goal of their ambition: " When we can point out to you a Merchants' Exchange worthy of the commercial metropolis of our country; worthy of the age in which we live; worthy of the country we represent-viz., the merchants of America-then, and not till then, will our highest aim have been accomplished." POPULATION OF TII PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THlE UNITED STATES. The last census shows that there are slxty-six cities in the United States that have a population of thirty thousand and upward. These are given below, with their population at the census of 1870, a well as the nusae position each occupies in both the c,asus: NUMERICAL NUMER. NUMERICAL NUMER. Pos. 1880. PLACES. 1880. POs.'70. 1870. INCREASE. POS. 1880. PLACES. 1 New York, N. Y............ 1,209,561 1 942,292 267,269 36 Charleston, S. C............ 2Philadelphia, Pa........... 847,452 2 *764,022 173,430 37 Fall River, Mass........... 3Brooklyn N. Y................. 556,930 3 396,099 160,831 38 Minneapolis, Minn......... 4Chicago, ill................... 503,298 5 298,977 204,321 39 Scranton, Pa................. 5 St. Louis, Mo............... 375,000 4 310,864 64,136 40 Atlanta, Ga.................... 6 Boston, Mass................ 363,938 7 250,526 113,412 41 Nashville, Tenn............ 7 Baltimore, Md.............. 330,000 6 267,354 62,646 42 Reading Pa.................. 8 Cincinnati, O........... 255,809 8 216,239 39,570 43 Hartford, Conn............. 9 San Francisco, Cal....... 233,066 10 140,473 85,593 44 Wilmington, Del 4 38 1 10 New Orleans, La.......... 215,239 9 191,418 23,821 45 Camden, N. J................ 11 Washington, D. C......... 161,111 12 109,199 51,912 46 St. Paul, Min........ 12 Cleveland, O................. 159,504 15 92.829 66,675 47 Lawrence, Mass............3 13 Pittsburg, Pa................ 153,883 16 86,076 67,807 48 Dayton, O..................... 14 Butffalo, N. Y................. 149,500 11 117,714 31,786 49 Lynn, Mass.................. 15 Newark, N. J................ 137,162 13 105,059 32,103 50 Denver, Col.................. 16 Louisville, Ky.............. 126,566 14 100,753 25,813 51 Memphis, Tenn............ 17 Jersey Citv, N J........... 122,207 17 82,546 39,661 52 St. Joseph, Mo.............. 18 Milwaukee Wis............ 115,712 20 71,440 44,272 53 Oakland, Cal................ 19 Detroit, Mich................ 115,007 18 79,577 35,430 54 Utica, N. Y................... 20 Providence, R. I.......... 104,760 21 68,904 35,856 55 Portland, Me................. 21 Albany, N. Y................ 87,584 19 76,216 11,368 56 Dallas, Texas............... 22 Roclhester, N. Y............ 87,057 22 62,386 24,671 57 Springfield Mass......... 23 Allegheny City, Pa...... 78,472 23 53,180 25,292 58 Savannah, Ga............... 24 Indianapolis, Ind.......... 76,200 27 48,244 27,956 59 Manchester, N. H. 4 5, 25 Richmond, Va............... 63,243 24 51,038 12,205 60 Grand Rapids, Mich..... 26 New Haven, Conn......... 62,861 25 50,840 12,021 61 Peoria, II.................... 027 Lowell, Mass................ 59,340 31 40,928 18,412 62 Mobile, Ala................... 28 Worcester, Mass........... 58,040 30 41,105 16,935 63 Wheeling, W. Va.......... 29 Troy, N. Y..................... 57,000 28 46,465 10,535 64 Hoboken, N. J..........3 30 Kansas City, Mo.......... 56,964 38 32,260 24,704 65 Harrisburg, Pa............. 31 Toledo, O..................... 53,635 40 31,584 22,051 66 Omaha, Nob.................. 32 Cambridge Mass......... 52,860 33 30,634 13,226 33 Syracuse,. Y............ 52,158 29 43,051 9,107 * Census of 1876. 34 Columbus, O................ 1,650 42 3i,274 20,376 t Decrease. 36 Paterson, N. J............... 50,950 37 33,579 17,371 1880. Pos.'70. 187n. rcREAsr 49,027 26 48,956 71 48.909 49 26,766 22,143 48,323 63 13,066 35,257 45,925 35 35,092 10,833 45,000 55 21,789 23,211 43,543 51 25,865 17,678 43,230 36 33,930 9,300 42,560 34 37,180 5,380 42,000 43 30,841 11,159 41,757 51 20,045 21,712 41,639 58 20,030 21,609 39,068 45 28,921 10,147 38,751 44 30,473 8,278 38,376 48 28,233 10,143 3.5,718 65 4,750 30,959 35,000 32 40,026 t5,026 35,000 59 ]9,565 15,435 34,700 64 10,500 24,209 33,927 46 28,804 6,123 33,829 41 31,413 2,416 33,486 66 no return. 33,149 50 26,703 6,446 32,916 47 28,235 4,68 1 32,458 52 23,536 8,922 32,037 61 16.507 15,530 31,780 54 22,849 8.981 31,295 39 32,034 4739 31,186 60 19,280 11,906 30,942 56 20,297 10,645 30,728 53 23,104 7,624 30,642 62 16,083 14, 71 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I 7~' I II,IIIIII,IIiliI itIitl\\\\ii\\Iitii\\\\\\i,\\tIi ti, I Ii I I I I itt' I {3i I lilit ii II I Iii I tj I~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ Iilti I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I,t1i, I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I /,/ rz NEW YORK COTTON EXCHANGE. The zVew Building of the Cotton Exchange. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE NEW YORK COTTON EXCHIANGE, AND REVIEW OF THEM UNITED STATES COTTON TRADE. Cotton is raised in ten of the United States, a little over sixteen millions of acres being devoted to its growth. They rank in the order of Texas, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Florida. Almost twice as much is in cultivation as there was in I870. Texas produces nearly one-fifth of the crop, Mississippi one-seventh, Georgia one-eighth, Alabama a ninth, Arkansas a tenth, and the other States a less quantity. Texas, Mississippi, and Georgia together have nearly one-half. New Orleans ranks as the largest port for receipts, and then follow in order Galveston, Savannah, Norfolk Charleston, and Mobile. The others receive but little direct. In exports New Orleans leads, New York being second and Galveston third. The crop has been steadily growing larger for the last fifty years. The first three or four years after the war the crops were about 2,400,oo000 bales, but for the past five years they have averaged about 6,ooo,ooo. Two-fifths of this goes to Great Britain, and a quarter to the Continent, the United States taking the rest. The highest price that cotton has reached in this country was in i864, when it was worth one dollar and ninety cents a pound, and the lowest price was in I845, when it was worth only four cents a pound. In I86o the price stood at eleven cents; in I86I, twenty-eightcents; in 1862, sixty-eight cents; I863, eighty-eight cents; I864, one dollar and ninety cents; i865, one dollar and twenty-two cents; i866, fifty-two cents; I867, thirty-six cents. These were the highest prices touched in either of these years The lowest prices at the same time were about half of these figures. The cotton year 73 74 NEW YORK COTTON EXCHANGE. ends the 3ISt of August. The number of cotton mills in the United States at the last census was 175,187 operatives, paying $41,92I,oo006 for wages, using $86,945,725 worth of cotton, and producing goods to the alue of t$192,773,960. Nearly two-fifths of this is done in Massachusetts, the whole of New England doing three-quarters of all. The Southern States produce less than ten per cent. The cotton trade has long been a very important one in New York. Exportation in quantities began early in the century, and the position of New York on the highroad of commerce to the Old World and its proximity to the mills of New England soon gave it a large portion of the traffic. For twenty years before the war the centre of the business was not far from where the Cotton Exchange now stands, the largest factors and brokers being near the corner 6f Pearl and Wall Streets. The market of this city in this product is now cash, but it was then largely on time. When the planter or Southern commission house sent forward the product, drafts were drawn against it, which after acceptance were sent back and then discounted by the local banks. The financial institutions of this city did not then advance on bills of lading or warehouse receipts, as they now do, and the consignee who wished to raise money was obliged to do so out of other resources. The merchants then sold their cotton through the agency of brokers, and the mills bought in the same way; none was bought or sold at the Merchants' Exchange, then the principal mercantile body, but considerable quantities were purchased here by agents of British houses. Nearly every bale arrived here by sailing vessel, for steamers were not then so important as now, railroads were few, and the growth of cotton away from the seaboard was inconsiderable. In I850 the cotton merchants were Francis Gerety, 31 Old Slip; Joseph Griffin, 43 Peck Slip; J. & C. Heydecker, 23 South William; H. W. Hills & Co., 3 Hanover; Joyce & Murphy, 34 Old Slip; Louis Lerut, 68 Wall; Robert V. Lucey, 95 Pine; Francis Mann, I56 Pearl, and Cornelius Murphy, I iO South. The cotton brokers were J. T. Adams & Co., 89 Wall; Barnewall & Thomas, 74 Beaver; Earle & Dean, 78 Wall; Joyce & Murphy, 34 Old Slip; Kinney, Easton & Co., 152 Pearl; Maltbie, Munn & Co., go Wall; Merle & Gourlie, 5 Hanover; Edward V. Millett, 74 Wall; John Moorhead, 28 Old Slip; Thomas J. Stewart, 88 Wall; Taber & Co., 76 Wall; F. L. Talcott & Co., 9i Wall; Truesdell, Jacobs & Co., I4I Pearl; William D. Wilson, 9i Beaver; Wotherspoon, Kingsford & Co., 8 Hanover, and William P. Wright, 8 Hanover. Mr. Wotherspoon is still living, and among those who are now in the trade and were so before the war, although their names do not appear in the list, are Henry Hartz, Thomas Scott, and James F. Wereman. The war affected many dealers in this commodity very unfavorably. Many mills stopped, and many produced only half the usual quantity. During this period, instead of exporting cotton we imported. Cargoes were brought here that had escaped the blockade and had been taken to Liverpool, where they were purchased to return here. We even bought cotton which was grown in the East Indies. With the return of peace, however, the accustomed quantity soon began to arrive by the old channels and the city has kept pace with the country in her purchases of this product. About one-tenth of the whole amount raised in the United States is delivered here. The sales on the Exchange are much larger than this; but some are purely speculative, while others change hands four or five times over before going to the mills. The cotton men had no common centre of meeting until the present Exchange was projected, although the matter had often been talked over. After the conclusion of the war, the brokers formed an organization among themselves, but it was merely for a place of meeting, and the association soon died out. In the early part of i 870 several of the leading men thought that the time had come to do something toward organizing the trade, and accordingly issued a call for a meeting, which was held in the hall of Dufais & Walter, on Beaver Street, opposite Delmonico's, in the same room once used by the Stock Exchange. The dealers assembled on the 2oth of July, x870, in large numbers. There were one hundred original members, who each paid two hundred dollars. Organization was finally effected on the Ig9th of September, I870, the membership rapidly increasing, so that there were two hundred and seventy-nine on the 29th of next May. On the 1st of March succeeding the price of seats was raised to five hundred dollars. On the Ist of May the Exchange purchased its present building in Hanover Square, which had been erected for the Hanover Bank and had afterward been bought by Robert L. Maitland & Co., who occupied it for their offices. Forty thousand dollars were expended by the Exchange in alterations, which were executed under the direction of E. L. Roberts, the architect, and were completed by November. The price paid for the building was $i 15,000, of which $I5,0oo was contributed by the owners of adjoining property, who saw that the placing of an Exchange here would benefit them, and the remainder was paid by the organization. Only,$5,ooo were paid down, the rest being at seven per cent. interest for a term of five years from May Ist, I87I. The Exchange, however, did not wait all this time to pay off the incumbrance, but discharged it a year sooner. Twenty-five thousand dollars was paid Ia 1873, t$65,ooo in 1874, and $20,000 in 1875, the account being ended before May 31st of that year. The 74 NEW YORK COTTON EXCHANGE. II NEW YORK COTTON EXCHANGE. 7$ site thus purchased is one of the most commanding in the lower part of the city of New York. It faces on Hanover Square, and is bounded on the east and west, respectively, by Pearl and Stone Streets. It is about seventy-seven feet square. The dues for the first fraction of a year were twenty-five dollars. The expenses for the whole year were estimated at $24,500, of which rent took $6,ooo,telegraphic - _.i: service $Io,ooo, incidentals $ F,ooo, salaries $fi,ooo, and stationery $1,5oo. The second year the dues were placed at seventy-five dollars, at which thev have been continued ever since, except for one year, when they were f ifty dollars. The fees required to be paid for a seat w ere advan ced on the first of July, i873, to $2,500; June wst, 1874,rl n tce to $5,ooo, and November ist, i88 i, to $io,ooo; a large number were sold at a higher rate than $5,000, but none so high as $io,ooo, new members obtaining seats by pur chasing them from others instead of getting them from the Exchange. The first officers of the Cotton Exchange were elected on the 15th of August, x87o, and held office PO until the following June. The;/ President was Stephen D. Harri son; Vice-President, James F. t4 Wenmen; Treasurer, Arthur B. Graves, and Secretary, William P., Wright. The original Board of. Managers were Theodore Fachiri, 1 William G. Crensh,aw, M. C. Haughton, George Cornwall, Wil- td liam H. Brodie, F. F. Dufais, 0 0 Charles A. Easton, M. B. Fielding, M Mayer Lehman, Thomas J., i.~ i ~~i1till[!lli~ Slaughter, John H. Inman, John T. Hanemann, J. H. Hollis, and' Henry Hentz. The Superinten-: dent for this year and the two if succeeding ones was B. F. Voorhees, who is now dead, but in 1873, Mr. E. R. Powers was elected to that position, and has worthily filled it ever since. To,a thorough' " knowledge of the requirements of his position, he unites a rare executive ability aud a facihity for details which renders him per-:: " ii fectly conversant with all that is going on in the Exchange. The i:!! second year the executive officers:".: of the body were re-elected, with' the exception of Mr. Wright, in whose stead William E. Banker was chosen. The third year M. B. Fielding was elected Vice-President adid George Blagden Secretary, but in 1873 there was an entirely new ticket. NEW YORK COTTON EXCHANGE. Arthur B. Graves was chosen President; Henry Hentz, Vice-President; Walter T. Miller, Treasurer, and William H. Brodie, Secretary. The next two years Henry Hentz was President, James F. Wenmen, Vice President; Walter T. Miller, Treasurer, and Edward Leverich, Secretary. Mr. Miller has remained Treasurer ever since, and Mr. Leverich continued as Secretary the next year, but James F. Wenman was elected President and D. G. Watts, Vice-President. Both were re-elected in I877, Henry Tileston acting as Secretary that year and the next. In 1878 Mr. Watts was promoted to be President, holding the office the next year also, and George Blagden was elected Vice.-President. In I879 Robert Tannahill was chosen Vice-President and William V. King, Secretary, the latter continuing in this position the next year. Robert Tannahill was President and Joseph Yeoman Vice-President for I88o and i88i, George E. Moore being elected as Secretary the latter year and continuing till the present time. For the last two years the Presi dent and Vice-President have been M. B. Fielding and Siegfried Gruner. Among the Directors there has been a goodly array of names. They include J. P. Bilkips, D. H. Baldwin, James A. Beale, William Birnie, George Blagden, Robert M. Bruce, B. P. Baker, William H. Brodie, William E. Bunker, L. M. Calvocoressi, George Copeland, William P. Campbell, L. R. Chesbrough, George Cornwall, James B. Cunningham, William G. Crenshaw, Ferdinand F. Dufais, Charles A. Easton, John H. Earle, Theodore Fachiri, P. A. Fachiri, S. B. French, M. B. Fielding, David E. Green, Arthur B. Graves, Siegfried Gruner, J. H. Hollis, Henry Hentz, S. D. Harrison, Charles Hyllested, John T. Hanemann, M. C. Haughton; G. C. Hopkins, John H. Inmann, William V. King, Mayer Lehman, H. M. Le Count, John B. Leech, Emanuel Lehman, K. M. Murchison, John L. Macaulay, Robert Murdock, Robert Moore, C. Menelas, John P. Negreponte, Herman Nieter, S. M. Parker, William H. Price, E. R. Robertson, S. Ranger, John M. Rodocanachi, James Swann, Thomas Scott, B. R. Smith, E. H. Skinker, Dwight Stone, Thomas J. Slaughter, William T. Tannahill, Robert Tannahill, James F. Wenman, James M. White, Jr., William Henry Woods, F. W. Williams, William Woodward, Jr., D. G. Watts, Charles Walsh, Jr., H. H. Ware, Louis Walter, Joseph Yeoman, F. C. Zerega. The present officers of the Exchange are: M. B. Fielding, President; Siegfried Gruner, Vice-President; Walter T. Miller, Treasurer, and George E. Moore, Secretary. The Board of Managers are: Mayer Lehman, James F. Wenman, E. M. Murchison, James Swann, J. H. Hollis, F. A. Fachiri, Thomas Scott, G. C. Hopkins, James M. White, Jr., William V. King, William Henry Woods, H. M. Le Count, and E. R. Robertson, Mr. E. R. Powers, the Superintendent, receives and compiles the statistics obtained from all quarters of the globe, conducts the calls, sees that quotations are promptly displayed from the blackboard, directs the employees of the Exchange, collects and disburses the revenues under the direction of the Treasurer and President, carries on the necessary correspondence, and is the general representative of the body. He is aided by five clerks, and has also a competent force of doorkeepers and messengers. The following are the Committees of the Exchange: Executive.-SIEGFRIED GRUNER, Chairman; JAMES F. WENMAN, THOMAS SCOTT, JAMES SWANN, MAYER LEHMAN. Finance.-P. A. FACHIRI, Chairman; WILLIAM V. KING, WALTER T. MILLER, ex-officio. Supervisory.-J. H. HOLLIS, Chairman; K. M. MURCHISON, WILLIAM HENRY WOODS. By-Laws.-H. M. LE COUNT, Chairman; G. C. HOPKINS, JAMES M. WHITE, JR., M. B. FIELDING, ex-.officio; GEORGE E. MOORE, ex-officio. Adjuidication.-J. T. HANEMANN, Chairman; P.S. MARCH, WILLIAM H. GUION, JOHN H. INMAN EX NORTON. Board of 4Appeals.-JOSEPH YEOMAN, Chairman; D. G. WATTS, ROBERT TANNAHILL, LOUIS WALTER, E. H. SKINKER, JOHN B. LEECH, *. H. BALDWIN. Membership.-B. S. CLARK, Chairman; OSCAR HACKMANN, Secretary; WILLIAM MOHR, GEORGI T. DIXON, THOMAS M. FOOTE., Trade.-E. R. ROBERTSON, Chairman; FRANZ KROHN, J. C. GRAHAM, H. W. FARLEY, OTTO ARENS, ROBERT MOORE, JOHN B. LEECH. Arbitration.-R. P. SALTER, Chairman; GEORGE F. VALENTINE, Secretary; GEORGE COPELAND, B. R. SMITH, GEORGE BRENNECKE, WILLIAM T. TANNAHILL, J. O. BLOSS. Warehouse and Delivery.-CHARLES D. MILLER, Chairman; WILLIAM P. CAMPBELL, Secretary; 1RLES W. IDE, GEORGE D. PITZIPIO, THOMAS FENNER. ]nfornation and Statistics.-WILLIAM P. CAMPBELL, Chairman; E. R. POWERS, Secretly; PETFS nE, C. E. RICH, J. H. PARKER. C,au.-J. H. HOLLIS, Secretary;, THOMAS FENNER, J. A. BOYLAN. 76 UC~~ ~ ~ ~ 10Ii.7 Ir. -rm,, 78 NEW YORK COTTON EXCHANGE. Revision of Spot Quotations.-JAMES SWANN, CHARLS W. IDE, THEODORE P. RALLI, W. T. TANNAHILL, ABRAHAM ALLEN, JR., GEORGE E. MOORE, G. C. HOPKINS, MAYER H. LEHMAN. Appeal on Classification.-THOMAS A. PERKINS, WILLIAM V. KING, WALTER T. MILLER, N. W. EMERSON, ABRAM ALLEN, JR., GEORGE COPELAND, LOUIS H. ZEREGA, J. H. HOLLIS, J. A. BOYLAN, GEORGE E. MOORE, LOUIS WALTER, JAMES DUNNE, BENJAMIN MUNN, THOMAS FENNER, JAMES W. MosEs, T. M. ROBINSON, J. R. DAYTON, P. WELSH, GEORGE H. RHODES, GEORGE W. BEE. Floor-Changed monthly; Spot Quotations-Changed monthly; Quotation of Futures-Changed monthly. Trustees of Gratuity Fund.-To serve three years, NICHOLAS GWYNN, Chairman; to serve one year, EMANUEL LEHMAN; to serve two years, B. S. CLARK. Inspectors of Election.-J. A. BOYLAN, A. G. MUNN, JR., W. W. HILL, JR. The old Exchange occupies the principal portion of the building at the triangle formed by Hanover Square, Stone Street, and Pearl Street. It rents the entire edifice, which has a brown stone front, and is four stories and basement, and sublets the portion it does not need. The principal entrance is on Hanover Square, although there are other entrances on the two side streets. The visitor, on entering, finds that he is separated from the Exchange proper by a railing, beyond which none but members or properly introduced persons are admitted. To the right is the President's desk, directly in front of which is a fountain, usually decorated with flowers at its margin. Around this circular place the brokers congregate to make their sales and purchases, the noise at times being almost deafening. Beyond this, and extending completely across the room, but with some blank spaces, are the blackboards, on which the prices are noted for the information of members. On the east side of the room are several tables for the convenience of letter writers, and files of the newspapers which make a specialty of cotton reports. Here also is a bulletin board where official notices are posted, or any information which it is desired may be given to the Exchange. In the basement is a coat room and on the floor above a committee room and the Superintendent's quarters, which are handsomely furnished. Among the most valuable of the labors that the Cotton Exchange has performed for the community has been its assistance to the National Cotton Exchange. This body has now been in existence ten years, and each year the New York Exchange has sent delegates to it, who have done much to simplify disputed points and to make commercial usages clear. One of the objects that this convention set to itself was to obtain correct accounts of the overland movement in cotton. By taking all figures without scrutiny the bale of cotton which had been shipped from Arkansas to Norfolk and then from Norfolk to Baltimore counted as two bales; by the system inaugurated by the Exchange it was only estimated as one. International bills of lading have received much attention and efforts have been made to secure a uniform standard of classification in foreign markets, to obtain monthly and weekly statistical reports, to establish uniform rules relative to reclamation on falsely packed cotton, the founding of a Board of Arbitration in Liverpool for the settlement of controversies, and the fixing of a standard of weights on bagging and ties. In these efforts and many others the New York delegates have been conspicuous. The official persons who have died since the beginning of the Exchange are Presidents Stephen D. Harrison and Robert Tannahill, Secretaries William P. Wright and William E. Bunker, and Members of the Board of Managers James B. Cunningham, L. R. Chesbrough, and William H. Price. PRINCIPAL EXPORTS OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES. ARABIA.- Coffee, aloes, myrrh, frankincense, gum JAPAN.-Silk, tea? japan ware, porcelain, indigo. arabic. [opium. MExICO.-Gold, silver, logwood, cochineal, fruits. ASIATIC ISLANDS.-Pepper, cloves, nutmegs, comphor, PFRSIA.-Carpets, shawls, wine, silk, rhubarb, guns, BzLGIUm.-Grain, flax, hops, woolens, linens, laces, &c. swords. [fruits. BRAZIL.-Cotton, sugar, coffee, gold, diamonds, dye- PERU.-Peruvian bark, mercury, silver, gold, sugar woods hides and fruits. RussIA.-Hemp, ivory, linen, grain, timber, furs, pla NovA SCOTIA and NEW BRUNSWICK.-Furs, lumber, fish. tina. CzNTi&a A uERICA.-Logwood, mahogany, indigo, cocoa. SPAIN and PORTUOGAL.-Silks, wool, wines, oil, fruits, salt. CHILI.-Silver, gold, copper, hemp, hides, sugar, fruits. SWEDEN and NORWAY.-Iron, steel, copper, timber, fish. CHINA.-Teas, stiks, nanteens, porcelains, ivory, pearl SWITZERLAND.-Watches, jewelry, paper, laces, silk I articles. grain. goods. DENmARK.-Horses. cattle, beef pork, butter, chee.se, TURKEY.-Grain, fruits, cotton, oil, wines, carpets, mus AricA. —old, ivory, diamonds, ostrich feathers. lin. EGYPT.-Rice, Linseed, fruits, indigo, cotton, sugar, UNITED STATES: grain and obelisks. EASTERN STATzs.-Lumber, beef, pork, fish, cotton, EcUADOR.-Coffee, cotton, indigo, fruit, sugar, cocoa. woolens, watches, clocks, mnachinery, &c. FRANCE.-Silks, woolens, linens, wine, brandy porce- MIDDLE STATcS.-Flour, wheat, salt, coal, cotton, woollain, toys, silk goods and fashions. [ ver, &c. ens, watches, sewing machines, oil, &c. GaMANY.-LinLmen, grain, various manufactures of sil- SOUTHERN STATES.-Cotton, rice, tobacco, lumber,pitch, GREAT BRITAIN.-Woolens, cottons, linens, hardware, beef, whiskeys and fruits. iron, machinery, slates, coal, etc. WESTERN STATES.-Corn, wheat, lard, coal, iron, salt, GaRiLAND.-Whale oil, whale bone, seal skins. lime, beef, pork, gold, silver, agricultural implements. Ho.mAD.-Fine linens, woolens, butter, cheese, &c. VENEZULA.-Sugar, coffee, cocoa, cotton, indigo fruits. ITAL. —Silks, wines, marble, oil. fruits,rice and relics. WFUT INDS -Sugar rum, molasses, coffee,spice, cotton IaDLE.-Linen, hide, tallow, potatoes, barley, beef. indigo, fruits. 6 NEW YORK COTTON EXCHANGE. 78 NEW YORK'S REAL ESTATE EXCIHANGE. 79 ~~~_.... =,C.PNI A-I — O. ~~ ~ BE ETIO.NRE-O.LIMTIQE.R NEW YORK, the Empire City of America, is with rapid strides becoming the Metropolis of the World. In no way is this so impressively demonstrated as in the increasing magnitude and importance of her real estate interests. A little more than two hundred and fifty years ago, the whole of Manhattan Island was purchased of the Indian proprietors for twenty-four dollars, whereas in the year I884, the official tax valuation of the city had reached the stupendous figures of $I;II9,761,597, representing an intrinsic of some two billions of dollars It is eminently fitting that the mighty interests thus developed should have some cohesive point, where the public can meet, and where every possible facility may be afforded for the carrying through of the increasing volume of transactions which marks the progress and development of New York. Taking a retrospective glance at the history of the New York Real Estate Market, we find that the Dutch discoverers of Manhattan Island at first took forcible possession of the soil, erecting a redoubt near the southern extremity of the island, which became the central point of trade. The "United New Netherland Company," which controlled the then trading-post, having acquired from the original occupants no title to the island on which their settlement had been commenced, as the post became more valuable, turned its attention to this matter, and in I626 the whole island was purchased of the Indian proprietors for the paltry sum of twenty-four dollars. A blockhouse was added to the fortifications on the island, and to the station was given the name "Fort Amsterdam." NEW YORK'S REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE. It was not, however, till toward the close of the century that anything approaching a development of the city's real estate interests was noticeable. The farm of Alderman Bayard, lying along the centre of the island, half a mile north of Chambers Street, was, about I780, surveyed into city lots, which formed the prizes in a lottery got up to sell them at a profit; that was the first speculative attempt of the kind, and it was fairly successful. Numerous streets were laid out in regular order between Broadway and the old Bowery road, which remain unaltered to this day; but the winners of the lots, at that time, thought the location was so far out of town that but very few improvements were effected. However, once the War of the Revolution was fairly ended, and the evacuation by the British had been celebrated by a big procession, New York real estate entered upon its modern phase of progress. Public improvements were called for, and were greatly facilitated by reason of the extraordinary powers lodged in the corporate authorities for the assessment of private property, and early in the present century the plan of the present city had been perfected to Bleecker Street; hills were levelled, rough inequalities in the surface of the ground were removed, bogs and marshes were filled up, and a uniform grade was adhered to. Governeur Morris superintended the laying-out of much of the farm land, being assisted by DeWitt Clinton and John Rutherford, commissioners appointed for the purpose by the Legislature in I807. The survey by John Randall, Jr., was commenced in i8ii, and occupied ten years. The general rectangular plan of the city, then conceived, has since been adhered to, and with the happiest of results, the regulation sized block, 200 feet by 8oo00, being found the best adapted to the wants of the community. The progress of New York, from a real estate point of view, was slow until the great speculative mania of 1835 and I836, when values rose with a rapidity and vehemence that has seldom been paralleled. The great shrinkage in values following the panic is best illustrated by figures, and we here present a table showing the value of real estate and personal property at different periods from 1836 to i856. It is as follows: YEAR. I836......................................... I837............................................... I838........................................ 1840........................................ I845....................................... I850........................................ p856........................................ A shrinkage of upwards of $50,ooo000,000ooo inside of nine years was very severely felt, but the lesson was a salutary one, and from I850 the rise of New York realty did not receive another such check, though I875 was a year of some stagnation. The contrasts between values fifty years ago and now are startling. In I835 Union Square was so far up-town that lots facing it sold for $Iooo, now worth $Ioo,ooo. Ground in Madison Square sold with difficulty in 1836 for $700, that is now worth a small fortune. As late as I849, Isaac Lawrence bought lots at the corner of Thirty-fourth Street and Fifth Avenue for from $500 to $650 each, and farther up they went for less. Much of the most valuable west-side property of to-day was then unsalable. The steady and permanent rise of values has been one of the most satisfactory indications of the stability of this market for realty, and for investment purposes no such satisfactory form of security has ever been offered to the public. Many of our largest fortunes have been secured by the prudent purchase of sections of unimproved city property, and the testimony of the late Mr. Ludlow and others at the recent inquiry into the subject was one of the most interesting chapters in the history of the material development of the metropolis. The constant increase in values even of late years is best demonstrated by the official valuation of property for taxable purposes. For I883 the official assessment of the worth of city real estate placed it at $I,080,879,403, being an increase from the year previous of $45,480,587. For 1884 the figures were $I,I2I,974,I53, or an increase of $43,I42,907. For the current year, I885, the sum total of values is no less than $I,I77,270,45I, or a further increase of $55,296,298, so that the real property in this city has increased in value for taxable purposes nearly $96,000,000 in two years! The rate of increase varies much in the various wards. Nearly one half occurs in the three wards below the City Hall; five millions more are found between the City Hall and Canal Street; while the Twelfth I. 80 Real Estate. $233,742,303 I96,450, IOO 194,543,359 I87,I2I,464 I77, I60,79o 207, I42,576 340,972,096 Personal Property. $75,758,6I7 67,297,24I 69,609,582 65,721,699 62,777,527 78,919,2Io I70,774,393 NEW YORK'S REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE. Ward, which extends beyond the park, gives a large increase in figures, and the same may be said of the Nineteenth Ward, which lies east of the park. The west side, between Fortieth and Eightysixth Streets and the annexed district above the Harlem, have also added millions to their valuation, so that progress of the most gratifying character is noticeable on every hand. It is thus a matter for congratulation among our citizens that at last a suitable Exchange has been formed wherein to centralize the sales and transfer of realty. Several attempts in the same direction had been previously made, but without permanent success, except that, by order of the Court, No. iii Broadway was for a number of years designated as the place for the conducting of official sales. This organization has now been consolidated with the present Exchange. During the summer of I883 the first definite efforts were made toward securing the formation of the Real Estate Exchange, and on September I2th the preliminary organization was effected. There were some influential brokers who at first held aloof from the enterprise, waiting apparently to see who would give it support; but it was early shown that the movement met with the approbation of all who had most at stake in this city, including the Astor family, the representative owners of improved city realty. The permanent success of the Exchange was thus assured. Permanent Organization. On the I3th day of November, I883, a certificate was filed with the Secretary of State, under Chapter 6II of the Laws of I875, containing a proposal by the persons therein named to form a corporation of the class of limited liability companies, the object of which was to create in the metropolitan city of America an Exchange and a mart for dealing in real estate. Upon the filing of this certificate, a license was duly granted to the commissioners therein named to open books for subscriptions to "The Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room (Limited)," which were duly opened on the I5th of November, I883, at the offices of the United States Trust Company, No. 49 Wall Street. The undertaking had, from the time it was first talked about, attracted the closest attention of real estate owners, as well as brokers, and scores of them now promptly came forward as subscribers to as well as supporters of the new organization. The capital stock of $500,oo000 (divided into shares of $IOO each) was promptly taken up, so that by the I4th of December more than half of the capital stock had been subscribed, viz., 3490 shares, with the deposit of ten per cent paid thereon. The commissioners then called a meeting of the subscribers, together with all others who had subscribed for stock down to the date of said meeting, for the purpose of adopting by-laws and electing directors; and the influential character of the gathering can be realized when there were enrolled as stockholders, John Jacob Astor, William Astor, Samuel D Babcock, H. H. Cammann, the late Mr. Ludlow, the late Mr. Honig, John L. Cadwalader, Thomas B. Connery (ex-editor of the Herald), J. B. and J. M. Cornell, Commissioner Crimmins, the Messrs. Cruikshank, H. P. DeGraaf, ex-Mayor Ely, the Messrs. Folsom, Hon. Mayor Grace, R. V. Harnett, Geo. S. Lespinasse', R. B. Minturn, His Honor Judge Nehrbas, Robert B. Roosevelt, Wm. C. and Chas. A. Schermerhorn, the Messrs. Stuyvesant, Geo. Peabody Wetmore, Morris Wilkins, Hon. Stewart L. Woodford, etc.-limit of space alone preventing our continuing the list ad infinitum. The first Board of Directors elected was as follows: Messrs. E: H. Ludlow, President; H. H. Cammann, first Vice-President; Albert Bellamy, second Vice-President; John H. Sherman, Treasurer; George H. Scott, Secretary; and Messrs. Richard V. Harnett, L. Friedman, E. A. Cruikshank, S. F. Jayne, S. Van Rensselaer Cruger, James Stokes, David G. Croly, and Isaac Honig. The committees afterward appointed were as follows-Finance: Edwin A. Cruikshank, Chairman; Richard V. Harnett, Leopold Friedman. Membership.- S. Van Rensselaer Cruger, Chairman; Samuel F. Jayne, David G. Croly, Janes Stokes, Albert Bellamy. On Exchange and Auction Room: Richard V. Harnett, Chairman; Hermann H. Cammann, Leopold Friedman, Albert Bellamy, David G. Croly. Building Committee. Hermann H. Cammann, Edwin A. Cruikshank, S. Van Rensselaer Cruger, Albert Bellamy, Richard V. Harnett, George H. Scott. A more representative body of business men had never been gathered together, and the successful achievement of the difficult task redounds in the highest degree to their credit and to the wisdom of the stockholders in securing such an able executive body. Naturally the first effort of the new organization was to secure a permanent home, and on the 22d of December, 1883, a committee of seven stockholders, four of whom were not directors, was appointed to examine into the question of a site for the Exclhnge, and report thereon to the Directors, who were authorized upon receiving such report to take action in accordance therewith. 81 NEW YORK'S REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE. Various properties were submitted for consideration; among these Nos. 3i and 33 Broadway andS the adjoining properties, Nos. 24 and 26 Broadway, Nos. 22 and 23 Cedar Street, the old Produce Exchange, the old Stevens' House, and also property No. I3 Broadway. Looking to the size and requirements of the new Exchange, and the necessity of its being located in the immediate vicinity of Pine Street, the only property which seemed available for the purposes of the Exchange was Nos. 59 to 63 Liberty Street, known as the Marquand Building, and the adjacent lot No. 65. At the first meeting of the Directors on the 29th of December, I883, the Committee duly made its report, stating that, after a full consideration of the matter, "they approve of the purchase of the properties Nos. 59, 6I, 63, and 65 Liberty Street, at the price of four hundred and twenty-one thousand five hundred dollars." Thereupon, on the 3Ist of December, I883, the Directors caused to be sent to each subscriber a notice in pursuance of Art. II., Sec. 3, of the By-Laws, requesting him to signify in writing his assent to the recommendation of the Committee. Three hundred and six stockholders, being more than a majority, having approved the said purchase in writing, contracts for the same were duly entered into, and on or about the I2th of February, I884, the Directors notified each stockholder of the terms of the said purchases, as follows: Nos. 59, 6I, and 63 Liberty Street, $350,00ooo, $I70,000 of which was paid in cash and $I80,000ooo by taking the premises subject to a mortgage thereon for that amount, and' No. 65 Liberty Street, $71,500, making a total of $421,5oo00. The mortgage of $i8o,ooo was redueed BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF BROOKLYN, FROM THE BRIDGE. by a payment of $Ioo, ooo to the sum of $80,oo00o. No commissions of any kind, directly or indirectly, were paid in respect to the said purchase. The Corporation did not obtain possession of the whole property purchased until the Ist of May, I884. In the month of January, the Directors consulted Mr. Stephen D. Hatch and Mr. Silliman, both well-known architects, and requested these gentlemen to prepare plans for the alteration and adaptation of the property purchased for the purposes of the Exchange. After carefully considering the plans sent in by these architects, they decided in favor of those of Mr. Hatch, who was thereupon appointed the architect of the Corporation. Specifications having been drawn up for the masons' work, plumbing, carpentry, iron work and ventilation, tenders were received from various eminent firms, as follows: For the masons' work, from Messrs. J. B. Smith, Andrus & Son, R. L. Darragh & Co., Robinson & Wallace, and Moran & Armstrong. The tender of Messrs. R. L. Darragh & Co. for $25,oi6, being the lowest, was accepted. For the iron work, from Messrs. Burnett & Co., Wm. H. Jackson, Heuvelman & Co., Cheney & Hewlett, J. B. & J. M. Cornell, and the West Side Architectural Iron Works.' The tender of Messrs. Cheney & Hewlett for $39,649, being the lowest, was accepted. For the large girders, the tender of the Union Bridge Company, $5,250, was accepted without competition. For the carpenters' work, from Messrs. John C. Wessels, James Elgar, and A. G. Bogart. The tender of Mr. Wessels for $I4,354, being the lowest, was accepted. For the plumbers' work, from'Messrs. Joseph P. Quinn, Locke & Munro, Thomas J. Byrne and J. A. McDonald. The tender of J. P. Quinn for $4,II5, being the lowest, was accepted. For the steam heaters, from the Andrews Steam Apparatus Co., Messrs. Gillis & Geoghegan, Kelly & Jones, Bates 82 f NEW YORK'S REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE. & Johnson and Rutzler & Blake. The tender of Messrs. Rutzler & Blake for $4,225, being the lowest, was accepted. For the marble work, from Messrs. R. C. Fisher, Kleber & Co. and A. L. Fou.chere & Co. The tender of Messrs. A. L. Fouchere & Co. for $io0,965, being the lowest, was accepted. For the elevators, Messrs. Stokes & Parrish, of Philadelphia, having made the lowest tender, were entrusted with the work of putting them in, doing so at their own risk, and agreeing to take the same down when erected, at their own cost, giving a satisfactory bond for fulfilling the work, if the machinery or other requirement should not prove satisfactory, their tender being $6,575 on those terms. This amount was afterwards increased by $I,950 for a safety cushion and an extra pump, making a total of $8,525. This additional work would have been required with any of the elevators for which tenders were received. The Directors adopted the system of soliciting tenders from well known firms only, and of invariably accepting the lowest. The following schedule shows the gross amount of all the contracts entered into: R. L. Darragh & Co., for mason work............................... $25,0oI6 Cheney & Hewlett, iron work......................................... 39,649 Union Bridge Co., girders............................................. 5,250 Joseph P. Quinn, for plumbing........................................ 4, I 15 John C. Wessels, for carpentry..........................................14,354 Rutzler & Blake, heaters and ventilators................................ 4,225 Stokes & Parrish, for elevators........................................ 8,525 Fouchere, A. L. & Co., marble work................................... io,965 $I I2,099 To provide the requisite funds for these outlays, the Directors made two calls upon the stockholders, payable respectively on the ist of February and the I5th of May. Both these calls were well responded to, and it is notable that on the I5th of May, a period of semi-panic in New York, over three fourths of the amount was paid in to the United States Trust Company on account of the call. The entire capital of the Exchange was paid in full during the year, the necessary certificate of this fact being duly filed with the Secretary of State, thus abundantly demonstrating the financial solidity of the members and their honorable methods. The planning of the interior of the building, hereafter to be the home of the Exchange, reflected much credit upon the architect and the committee in charge. The premises comprise the entire fivestory stricture extending from No. 59 to No. 65 Liberty Street, and have a frontage of 82.9 feet by a depth of 9I.3 feet on Liberty place. Every care was taken to secure a spacious, airy and convenient Exchange Room, and from the gratified comments elicited from the critical gathering at the opening ceremonies, it is evident that this splendid apartment exactly meets the requirements of the members. It is 87 feet in length, 43 feet wide, with ceilings 33 feet high. At the southern side, and convenient of access, is a strangers' gallery, while opposite is another for the use of members and their friends, as also for the accommodation of the members of the press, who have not been slow to take advantage of the facilities thus afforded them. It is finished and fitted up in the highest style of modern art, the beautiful marble floor and wainscotted walls being effectively set off by a richly decorated ceiling, while the main entrance from Liberty Street is through two massive doors, tastefully carved in cherry, while there is also a side entrance on Liberty Place. On the floor are located the auctioneers' stand; handsome in appearance, being constructed of hardwood and very convenient for the purposes intended. In connection with other facilities are several hundred letter boxes for the use of members. Both judicious economy of space, and the prompt discharge of the business, are secured by having the offices of the institution on the same floor, and connecting with the Directors and President's rooms. Thus are directly concentrated on this floor all the essential working departments of one of the most important Exchanges in the city. The upper floors have been turned into offices, of which there are between fifty and sixty, fitted up in the best style, and specially adapted to the requirements of the real estate fraternity. Access is had to all the floors by means of patent safety elevators. Every modern improvement has been secured for the tenants. The work of altering the old buildings and erecting a new structure 20 feet by 96 on the westerly lot was slow, owing to the difficult and heavy character of the work. The iron girders used in the building are the heaviest of their kind ever put up in New York, the largest weighing no less 83 NEW YORK'S REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE. than twenty-two tons. However, the work was prosecuted under skilful and experienced guidance, and was completed without accident, and without disturbing the tenants in the rest of the building, and it is worthy of note in this connection that every office not required for the purposes of the Exchange, or by the mechanics during the progress of the work, was occupied, the paying rental being at the rate of $21,500 per annum, while it is estimated that the revenue from this source will reach a figure of $40,000 a year. The edifice has been completed at a total cost inclusive of purchase price and for alterations and repairs, of under $500,000ooo, which leaves the Exchange out of debt and with a magnificent incomeproducing property in its possession, so that as a speculative investment the brokers could not have done better. There are several sources of revenue in addition to office rentals. The auctioneers' stands have been let at a premium and represent a good round rental, while there are the returns from the granting of partial privileges to those who subscribe for the same at the rate of $60 a year, each hundred subscribers representing $6,ooo return at mere nominal cost to the Exchange. There is likewise a handsome income derivable from the fees charged the public for information in regard to the liens and mortgages on property, taxes, assessments, and for consulting the invaluable topo VIEW OF THE NEW WASHINGTON MARKET. graphical maps of which this institution will make a specialty. There is thus abundant hope of a permanent revenue sufficient not only to pay very handsome dividends to stockholders, after the Exchange's running expenses are paid, but also to provide for the future development of this mighty factor for usefulness in our midst to meet the ever-growing requirements of the metropolis. At the annual meeting of the Exchange held on December 8, I884, a very satisfactory report was made by the Directors, showing rapid and substantial progress, and accompanied by a-flattering balance-sheet, showing the Exchange to have gross assets of upwards of $525,00ooo, represented in great part by the new building, but also including cash in hand of over $II7,OO000; a splendid exhibit and indicative of the firm basis of financial solidity on which the new enterprise rested. Their report records the lamented decease of two members of the Board, to wit: Mr. Isaac Honig, who died on October 30, and Mr. Edward H. Ludlow, the President, who died on No 84 NEW YORK'S REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE. vember 27. At a special meeting of the Board held on November 29, Mr. H. H. Cammann, first Vice-President in the chair, the following resolutions were passed: " Resolved, That the Board learns with deep regret of the death of Mr. Edward H. Ludlow, its late president. "Mr. Ludlow presided at the first meeting held of real estate owners and brokers looking toward the formation of a Real Estate Exchange, was the chairman of the Board of Commissioners to receive subscriptions, and upon the organization of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room (Limited), was unanimously elected president. His long experience, his strict integrity and the confidence he commanded pre-eminently fitted him for the position, "As chairman of the Building Committee he took a most active interest in all matters connected therewith, even to the minutest detail, and was ever ready with his valuable advice and assistance. His death creates a vacancy not easily supplied. " Resolved, That this Board expresses its sincere condolence with the friends and family of the deceased in the great loss they have sustained, and it is hereby ordered that these resolutions be entered on the minutes and a copy forwarded to his relatives and published in a suitable manner." Mr. Honig was one of the original commission appointed to receive subscriptions, and punctually fulfilled his duties as a Member of the Board, until attacked with his fatal illness. The report of the Directors showed that their building was rapidly approaching completion, which happy event occurred on April I4, I885. Prior to this, the consolidation of the old " Merchants' Exchange," at No. III Broadway, where all legal sales under orders of the Supreme Court Judges had to be made, was effected with the Exchange, which purchased from the estate of the late Frank Fowler, the lease of the rooms in the Trinity Building (No. IIi Broadway), and which had about four years to run. The old quarters were cramped and poorly adapted for the purposes of auction sales, so that the change to the magnificent apartment in Liberty Street will be all the more appreciated. Formal Opening of the Exchange. April I4, will ever be a red-letter dly in the real estate circles of the metropolis, as signalizing the throwing open of the portals of an institution that now ranks second to none in New York as regards standing and influence, and which we predict will yet outstrip all others in point of the magnitude of the transactions entered into upon its floor, and its widespread field of usefulness. Tbte proceedings attending the opening were very interesting, and drew together a large concourse of our leading merchants, financiers, professional and business men generally. A number of ladies also were present. The following prominent citizens, including Directors and Officers of the Exchange were accommodated on the platform: Mayor Grace of New York, Mayor Low of Brooklyn, President Cammann, John Jacob Astor, Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, James M. Varnum, Albert Bellamy, Edwin A. Cruikshank, Richard V. Harnett, Samuel F. Jayne, David G. Croly, Charles Buek, S. Van Rensselaer Cruger, George E. DeWitt, Jr., William H. Macy, Myer S. Isaacs, Rutherford Stuyvesant, Morris Wilkins, George H. Scott, Leopold Friedman, James Stokes, Nathaniel Niles, James L. Wells, Hall J. How, William C. Church, Ambrose C. Kingsland, Horace S. Ely. There were also present Deputy Tax Commissioner Coleman, Park Commissioner Crimmins and other city officials. The exercises commenced at 2 P.M. when the members being assembled, Mr. Varnum introduced Mr. John Jacob Astor as chairman, who very ably officiated in that capacity. He called upon the Rev. Dr. Dix to open the proceedings with prayer, after which, Chairman VARNUM of the Committee on Opening Exercises made the formal transfer of the splendid building to the President and Directors of the "Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room," in well chosen words, his eloquent and forcible address being listened to with rapt attention. After making reference to the great field of usefulness before the Exchange, Mr. Varnum feelingly alluded to the late President Ludlow, whose long identification with the real estate market and his energetic efforts to aid the formation of the Exchange, will ever render him such a conspicuous figure in its annals. President HERMAN H. CAMMANN, followed Mr. Varnum, and in the course of a terse and happily framed address of welcome said: "For many years the project of a Real Estate Exchange has been more or less discussed, but only about eighteen months ago did it assume definite shape. Since 85 .NEW YORK'S REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE. that time the Exchange has been incorporated, the capital of half a million dollars subscribed and paid in, the corporation organized, the present property purchased, the alterations completed, and rules and regulations formulated; and to-day we have the Exchange finished and ready for business. The dealings in real estate have assumed such proportions that the necessity for regulating and systematizing them has long been felt. This could only be done through an organization in which the individual is subordinate to the general interest, and independent action is controlled for the good of the many; and where, through co-operation, facilities can be obtained that would be beyond the reach of individual effort. It is difficult to realize that within the memory of persons now living, lots on Broadway below Canal Street should have sold for twenty-five dollars each. "Reckoning on the basis of the past, another century will see New York with a population exceeding 6,ooo,ooo of people and covered with buildings far beyond the limits of the present Twenty-fourth Ward. It is very gratifying to the members of this Exchange to know that we include on our lists many whose names for generations have not only been identified with real estate, but whose ancestors have ever been foremost in public spirit and enterprise in all matters affecting the welfare of the city and country. With a change in the present clumsy method of transferring real property, and the abolishing of many of the liens that now encumber it, which cannot much longer be delayed; with the confidence that the constitutional limit of debt will create, although it may temporarily work some embarrassment, and with the more encouraging outlook in the management of our city government, real estate owners in this city certainly have reason to feel hopeful for the future; and should this Exchange be developed as rapidly as real estate itself is sure to be, the anticipations of its most sanguine projectors will be more than realized." On April I6th business began upon the new Exchange under very favorable auspices, there being upwards of 400 persons present when the sales began. The first property was sold by Mr. Richard V. Harnett, consisting of a house in Worth Street; then followed the sale of the Long Branch cottage of the famous actress, Mary Anderson, which will become quite historic as being the first important piece of property ever sold on the floor of the new organization. The principles governing the operations of the Exchange are eminently equitable and just, and the beneficial results that will flow from its operations cannot be overestimated. A code of by-laws has been framed that will hereafter render sales of realty here much sought for, as a guarantee of good faith and honest effort to promote alike the interests of buyer and seller, and in this connection we call the attention of the public to the excellent regulations framed by the members, and which provide that "Every statement made by one member to another in the course of any negotiation or bargain, shall be made strictly in good faith, and be true to the best knowledge and belief of the member%aking the same; and any member who shall wilfully or knowingly deceive or mislead any other member touching any matter or thing relating to the subject of any bargain or negotiation between the parties, shall be liable to make good the results of such deception, as well as to pay such fine or compensation as the Committee of Arbitration shall impose." The Committee on Arbitration has a broad field of usefulness before it, and it will unquestionably greatly conduce by its operations to prevent litigation, and the early settlement of all differences between members and customers. Another enterprise which is now engaging the attention of the Exchange is the listing of transfers of real estate, including a succinct history of every lot in the city. The completion of this monumental work will place the Exchange in possession of an accurate, itemized record of New York realty, whereby the members will be able to promptly learn the ownership and full particulars of the sale of any lot, thus vastly facilitating the closing of transactions, and rendering searches as to title, etc., much more easy and satisfactory. One of the most important and berfficial features of the new organization is the close attention it pays to the public welfare as affected by Legislation on real estate and kindred interests, and it is safe to say that hereafter there will be much less chance at Albany for the passage of flagrantly oppressive and oftentimes iniquitous bills, which have so often aroused the indignation of the helpless taxpayer. At the first regular meeting of the Directors a committee to consist of fifty stockholders was appointed, to be known as a "Special Committee on Legislation," to which was confided the work of effecting such reforms in our laws as will relieve owners of realty and taxpayers of unjust burdens imposed upon them, and of carefully examining every bill introduced into the Legislature affecting real estate. The names of this Committee are as follows: James M. Varnum, Chairman; George H. Scott, Secretary; Samuel D. Babcock, Nathaniel P. Bailey, Robert B. Minturn, James D. Lynch, Henry 86 0 NEW YORK'S REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE. 87 E. Pellew, John D. Crimmins, William Mulry, Constant A. Andrews, Henry M. Taber, E. A. Morrison, Frank Tilford, Clinton W. Sweet, Richard Deeves, Thomas B. Connery, E. Oppenheimer, Henry L. Morris, Dr. J. T. Nagle, Dwight H. Olmstead, Myer S. Isaacs, J. B. Cornell, H. P. Degraaf, Byam K. Stevens, William C. Schermerhorn, A. J. Clinton, Henry R. Beekman, Smith Ely, Jr., Fleming Smith, William C. Church, George F. Gantz, H. J. Burchell, A. Bernheimer, George H. Andrews, Frank S. Allen, Charles A. Schermerhorn, Andrew J. Robinson, George G. DeWitt, Jr., Sinclair Myers, W. C. Orr, Charles Buek, and the Directors of the Exchange, who are ex-officio members of this Committee. Standing entirely aloof from all political issues, the Committee considers all proposed measures only as they affect real estate, and supports or condemns each proposal entirely on its merits. Every bill, when presented, is placed in the hands of this Committee (which, during the sitting of the Legislature, meets weekly), submitted to appropriate sub-Committees, reported upon, carefully considered, and recommended or disapproved. His Excellency, President Cleveland, when Governor of New York, so far recognized the working of the Exchange that he requested nominations from it for the appointment of Commissioners to prepare a new law for the transfer of real estate, and all the Commissioners named by him were nominated by this Exchange. OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room: HERMANN H. CAMMANN, President; ALBERT BELLAMY, Ist Vice-President; MORRIS WILKINS, 2d Vice-President; EDWIN A. CRUIKSHANK, Treasurer; GEORGE H. SCOTT, Secretary. Board of Directors.-Hermann H. Cammann, Richard V. Harnett, Albert Bellamy, Leopold Friedman, George H. Scott, Edwin A. Cruikshank, Samuel F. Jayne, James Stokes, David G. Croly, Nathaniel Niles, Charles Buek, James L. Wells, Morris Wilkins. Manager, Benjamin Hardwick. Committee on Finance.-Nathaniel Niles, Leopold Friedman, Albert Bellamy. Committee on Membership.-Sam'l F. Jayne, D. G. Croly, Jas. Stokes, Chas. Buek, Morris Wilkins. Committee on Exchange and Auction Room.-Richard V. Harnett, Samuel F. Jayne, Leopold Friedman, David G. Croly, James L. Wells. v Committee on Building.-R. V. Harnett, H. H. Cammann, Albert Bellamy, Morris Wilkins, George H. Scott, Edwin A. Cruikshank, Charles Buek. Committee on Sanitation.-James Stokes, Samuel F. Jayne, Albert Bellamy, George H. Scott. Suw:essfully organized and launched into existence at a period when the future greatness of New York is clearly outlined, it requires no prophetic pen to depict the future sphere of extending usefulness before it. It is the nucleus for the development of a new era of things as regards real estate and lands outside the city. Transactions will necessarily be multiplied by the very fact of several hundreds of property owners and brokers daily meeting together in the Exchange, and the full weight of this body's influence when exercised, will necessarily exert a most beneficial effect both in monetary and business circles. The principles upon which this organization has been founded, as well as the rules for its guidance, cannot but inspire universal confidence, and we predict for it a growth in business and influence, wealth and membership in a ratio proportionate to the rapid development of this metropolis, until, taking Brooklyn and Williamsburg on the south and east, and the Westchester towns on the north, New York's destiny culminates in its becoming a world centre, alike as to progress, population, and the highest order of civilization, NEW YORK'S LE,DING INDUSTRIES. Pine street, its location there rendering that street the r ecognized centre for the trade in realty. Their offices were situated at No. 3, for a period of upwards of twenty-five years, but for a considerable time have been in the spacious premises, No. 11 Pine street. The late Mr. Ludlow was one of our most public spirited citizens, and he and Mr. Wilkins took a foremost part in'many enterprises of benefit to the community at large-notably in the inception and organization of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room. They both labored long and earnestly in its behalf, and Mr. Ludlow was not only chosen to preside over the preliminary meetings, but was also elected President of the new organization, and devoted himself so assiduously to the development of the interests of the newly formed organization as to merit the highest encomiums from his fellow members. He was greatly instrumental in securing for the exchange such a choice site for its building as it has, and his untimely decease on November 27th 1884, while so actively engaged in advancing the interests of the Exchange was a severe blow to his fellow members, and a source of the deepest regret throughout the community at large. At aspecialmeeting of the Board of Directors of the Exchange held on the following day, resolutions expressive of the great loss sustained and of condolence with the family, in view of Mr. Ludlow's death, were duly passed, and the words of the resolutions that, "his death created a vacancy not easily supplied," echoed the sentiments of all who had knowledge of his talents, energy and sterling worth of character. The business of the firm of E. H. Ludlow & Co., was continued by the surviving partners under that time-honored and universally respected name and style, there being associated with Mr. Wilkins, his nephew Mr. Edward M. Wilkins, Mr. James E. Leviness, and Mr. Elliott Roosevelt. Mr. Wilkins is one of the most popular and respected memb ers of real estate circles, and for upwards of thirty years past has been closely identified with the solid progress and development of the metropolis, successfully negotiating many of the largest transactions in realty that are on record. His firm still pursues the same honorable line of policy which ever marked its course in the past, and transacts a general auction and real estate business. Mr. Wilkins is one of the most talented and popular auctioneers in the city, and sales conducted by him are always largely attended by our leading investors, and serve as sure tests of the current values of realty. As brokers, Mr. Wilkins and his copartners are constantly disposing of numerous parcels of residential and business property at private sale,while the charge of many of the largest and most valuable estates of this city are placed permanently in their hands. Mr. Wilkins was one of the first stockholders enrolled on the books of the new Exchange, and at the first annual election was chosen second Vice-President of the Exchange, ably and faithfully discharging the responsible duties devolving upon him. Mr. Wilkins is also a member of the important committees on membership and on the building, devoting himself with characteristic energy and fidelity to fulfilling the executive responsibilities incidental to these positions. Messrs. James E. Leviness, Edward M. Wilkins and Elliott Roosevelt are popular and influential members of real estate circles, fully conversant with all branches of the business, while their superior executive abilities, energy and enterprise are universally recognized. The firm has long been the accepted authority on all questions affecting New York realty, and thelr opinions upon the condition and future prospects of the market are eagerly sought by the press and the public. We have endeavored in this necessarily brief article to simply give justice to whom it is due, and in 80 doing feel confident that the business community will, with one accord, unhesitatingly endorse all that has been said. E. H. L udlow & C o., Auctione ers, Real Estate Agents and Brokers; Office, No. 11 Pine Street.-In this hi storical review of the rise and development of the real estat e interests of the great city of New York, it is the aim to give accurate facts in regard to the career of those firms which have not only been closely identified with the market for realty for the period of its greatest activity, but have so n ot ably a ided to mould and shape th e destiny of the metropolis of America. Unquestionably the firm of Messrs. E. H. Ludlow & Co. has long maintained the lead in New York real estate circles, and for a half century (lacking but a few mo n ths) has been actively engaged in business. The late Mrd. Edwa rd H. Ludlow and Mr. Morris Wilkins were generally recognized as being the most promi nent real estat e agents and brok ers in the c ity, and the cop art n ershi p formed betweent i them in the year 1856 continued harmoni ous ly, and with resul ts not only of the greatest magnitude, but in the b uilding up of a re cord for honor and integrity that is the best and most enduring tribute that could be paid to their sterling business methods; and so to-day, as of old, doe s the universally respected hous e of E. H. Ludlow & Co. bear with a sense of pride and credit its original firmnamne. The late Mr. Edward H. Ludlow was a descendant of an old English family tha t w as one of the fir s t to settle in New York, and which from the tim e of its arrival in America has borne a useful and honored part in the history of the city. The gr andfa ther of the lae Mr. Ludlow was one of the tr e c oer e ee o the three Ludlows who were members of the Comm ittee of One Hundred which was o rganized in 1775 to support the ause of the American patriots. The father of the late Mr. Ludlow was a prominent lawyer, at one time a Master in Chancery, who gave his son the benefit of a careful training and the most liberal education that the then young republic afforded. Born in 1810, in Greenwich street, then a fashionable residential section, Mr. Ludlow studied medicine and duly re~eived his degrees and diploma in 1831, but after practic ing for a brief period, his inclinations, impelling himto a business career, were too strong to be resisted, and he relinquished the practice of his profession, eventually, in the year 1836, opening a real estate office at No. 11 Broad street. At that date, as is well known, speculation il New York and near-by property was very active, and Mr. Ludlow early developed a large and growing trade, selling as he did many of what are now th e choicest parcels of realty in the city. In 1845, havilig amassed a competence, Mr. Ludlow temporarily retired from business, and went to reside at his country place, near Tivoli-on-the-Hudson. The success attending Mr. Ludlow's conservative course in the real estate market had been so marked, and so favorable were the prospects before him, that in 1850 he again embarked in business, establishing the firm of E. H. Ludlow & Co., the name of which is now historic in the annals of the trade. His frst partner was General E. J. Mallett, who continued with him until 1856, when he retired, and Mr. Morris Wilkins formed a co-partnership with him under the existing name and style, which was the commencement of a business career in elery way representative (up to the present day),of the greatest financial interest of the metropolis, and with prospects of an ever enlarging field of usefulness I the future. The firm was one of the promoters of the Central Park improvements, which with far-seeing accuracy. they foresaw would greatly aid in determining values in the fashionable sections of the city, and they are generally recognized as having been the leading exponents of the public demand for the choice properties bordering on Fifth and Madison avenues and the adjoining blocks. They have ever commanded the choicest class of trade, and number among their permanent customers, the leading capitalists and investors of New York and elsewhere. The firm has long made its headquarters in I 88 NEW YORK'S LEADINe.' INDUSTRIES. coitinmeidatlos of. his fellow members. In his responsible executive capacity, hlie burden was a heavy one, and in addition he was a member of the most important committees, yet he did not allow the pressing claims of his own extensive business to interfere with the work of organizing the Exchange and of superintending the alterations and reconstruction of the magniflcient building purchased by the Exchange in Liberty street. Tlie esteemed President of the Exchange, Mr. Edward H. Ludlow, died in November, and on the 29th of that month the sad and solemn duty devolved upon Mr. Cammann as first vice-president to preside at a meeting of the Board of Directors,to pass resolutions indicative of the heavyloss the Exchange and real esta te circle had thus sustained. At the subsequent re-organization of the officers and board of directors Mr. Cammann was unanimously elected president of the Exchange, and has since continued the same honorable and satisfactory policy that has secured such success in the past, and will in the future provide for the development of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room upon the highest plane of integrity and efficiency, and, equally with the late Mr. Ludlow, leave the real estate fraternity and the public at large, entire confidence in the wisdom and able executive guidance of President Cammann, under whose auspices the magnificent Exchange in Liberty street was first thrown open for the transaction of business in New York's greatest material interest-that of Real Estate. H. H. Cammann, Real Estam e, No. 4 Pine Street.The enormous development o f th e New Yor k Real Estate marke t is one of the most certain indications of the solid prosperity of the,reat metropolis, and its realty is morethan ever sought after as a remunerative and absolutely safe method of investment. The steady ratio of developement observable in the New York market, and the universally high reputati on that investments therein hav e a ttaine d, reflect great credit on our leading real estate brokers, those who have ever manifested a t horoughly unselfish and publicspiritedinterestin t he w e lfare and prosperity of t his great city. Prominent amongthe number thus referred to is Mr. Hermann H. Cammann, of No. 4 Pine street, wh o f or n ineteen year s past, has been actively engaged in the real estate busin ess, and is now the estee med president of the n ewly org aniz ed Real Estate Exchange an d Auc tion Room. M r. Cammann is arecognized authority as tothe present and prospective values of re alty, and no o ne i s bett er qualifie d than he to act as an honorable and reliable intermediary betwixt buyer and seller. He has carried to a successful issue many of th e heaviest real estate transactions on record, an illustration being the pu rchase of the old po st office sit e in N a ssau street from the government, on behalf of th e M utu al Life I nsurance Company. In th e purchase and sale of pro p erty investors are compelled to a large extent to rely upon the opinion of their brok er, a nd it thus becomes a matter of the greatest importance to th e public as to who they deal through. Mr. Cammant has l ong been recognized as possessing an intimate and a ccurate knowl edge of pre s ent and prospective values, bo th of residential and business property, and relying upon hi s soun d judgment and jud ic ious advice, ma n y of our leading capitalists have made heavy investm en ts of the most satisfactory character. Assoclated in business for nine years past with Mr. Cammann, has been Mr. Newbold T. Lawrence, a gentleman of superior execut ive abilities and excell ent busi - nes s me thods, who was born and brought up in this city, and tho roughly understands the mark et for realty. The large business of the house thus receives prompt pers on al attention, and is annually increasing in magnitude. Mr.Camman n has long m ade a s pecialty of the management of estate s, and has under his care several of the g reatest v alue, and wi th r ent roll s aggregating very large sums. Hie has ever dischargedhisimportant trust wi th the greatest fidelity and not only secures responsible tenants, but closely looks after the maintenanc e of all propertie s u nd er h is care at the highest stand a rd of efficiency, and thus has given unqualified s atisf action. Mr. Cammann has ever given a publicspirited support to all measures benefiting the metropolis, or in an y w ay con duc ing to i ts soli d prosperity, and was one of the first few who actively embarked upon the organization of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room, limited. Mr. Cammann, with the late Mr. Ludlow, the late Mr. Honig, Mr. Harnett, Mr. Bellamy, Mr. Cruikshank and o thers, labored long and earnestl y i n th e p relimin ary organization and the de l iberation s as to character and scop e of the enterprise, which has now come into active and beneficial operation. Mr. Cammann called the first formal meeting of the organization to order that was held on December 20th, 1883, and at which the late lamented Mr. Ludlow occupied the chai r, and on whic h oa sion h e abl y supported the conserv ative policy that eventuated in its der elopm en a mann the wrest ao ir epresent Mreative basis. Mr. Cammann's arduous labors and disinterested exer-, tions on behalf of a cause at once of such importance to every property owner as well as broker, were not: lost sight of by the members, and his name was placed on the ticket for the vice-presidency, to which posi- 1 ;ion he was duly elected, and ably and faithfully served, throughout the year in a manner to elicit the wvarmest 89 Mordecai & Bellamy, Auctioneers and Real Estate Brokers, No. 66 Liberty Street.-No financial interest of the great metropolis, is of such paramount importaiiee as that involved in real estate, and which has more than held its own with conservative capitalists, as the best form of investment security. Prominent among those firms which have specially devoted themselves to the development of the New York real estate market, is that of Messrs. Mordecai & Bellamy,of No. 66 Liberty street. The co-partners, Mr. A. L. Mordecai and Mr. Albert Bellamy, are among the best known members of the fraternity, and have developed a large and pernianenttrade. Theyfoundedthebusinessaboutsixteen years ago, and during the Intervening period, have built up the highest of reputations as talented and popular and responsible brokers in all descriptions ofl:ealty. Their connections are of the most superior character, including as they do, among their customers, many of our leading capitalists and Investors. As real estate brokers, the co-partners have carried through many of the heaviest transactions on record, devoting themselves personally to securing the best possible bargains for investors, who can rely implicitly upon their sound judgment in making a choice. They likewise possess exceptional facilities for the prompt negotiation of loans on boud and mortgage.attavorable rates, and are prepared ti) Invest capital r,,- aily extent reqtiired. Both'Nfordecat and Petl:tgiiy are old residents of this city, ajid tuve e'ver iiiaaiifested a public spirited interest In -tll ine;t.iires contribating to its i7aaterial advancement. Thf —; wore uinoag th,3:first to perceive the necessity for, aii(i aid in tl.e promotion of the Real Estate Exchange andine-tior. Room, and rank to-day among its most influential stockholders. Mr. Bellainy's fl-.ie executive abil-' ties had long been recogiiized and lie was elected to th, responsible position of second vice-president of the Exchange -.it the first orgaiiizatioii and first vice-president at the aniinual election of officers; lie wu also chosen a member of the coiiiiiiitees oii finance oil tlil, iiew building, and ork sanitation, and has devoted himself at much personal self-sacrifice to the faithful and prompt discharge of. the very onerous duties tlius devolving upon him, in the various executive capacities above mentioned; while as first vice president, Mr. Bellamy holds an Influential NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. and have enlisted in their service the highest order of talent, energy and enterprise to be found in thebusiness world. In this historical review of the rise and progress of these interests, attention will at once be directed to the oldest established house in the business in New York, viz.: that of Messrs. E. A. Cruikshank & Co, which was founded away back in the year 1794, or over ninety years ago. Ffom that day to this, the name of Cruikshank has been closely identified with the growth of the city and the development of its realty. The present members of the firm, as successors to Mr. James Cruikshank, are Messrs. E.A. & A.W. Cruikshank, both gentlemen being still in the early prime of life, and who have been permanent and respected residents of the metropolis. They bring the widest possible range of practical experience to bear, and an Intimate knowledge of every branch of the real estate business, possessing qualifications that have enabled them to successfully carry through many of the most important transactions ever recorded. Special attention is devoted to the renting and sale of property, and their knowledge of every section of the city is of that personal, thorough character that adds so greatly to the value of advice offered to customers. The public is more than ever before turning its attention to the manifold advantages derived from real estate investments, and the necessity is self-apparent to every one of our many readers of effecting such investments through the agency of such well informed and respon sible brokerage houses as that of the subject of this sketch. The firm always has upon its books descrip tions of the choicest residential and business properties, vacant lots, &c. for sale,and is constantly securing fresh bargains for investors. The firm's connections and fac ilities as agents for the letting of first-class houses, flats, stores, offices, and business establishments, are absolutely unsurpassed, and owners can always feel assured of good responsible tenants through Messrs. Cruikshanks' agency. The entire charge of estates is another feature of the firm's business worthy of men tion. They devote their close personal attention to the management and care of the larest properties, effect. ting repairs, looking after tenants, and keeping every estate in their hands up to the highest productive standard. Inthe loan market no firm stands higher; and they are always prepared to promptly place large and small amounts on bond and mortgage at very reason able rates. In a word, they cover every branch of the business in the same talented and efflcient manner, and no firm is more widely known, or has a higher standing. They were among thefirst to aid in the organization of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room, Mr Edwin A Cruikshank standing eighth on the roll of membership. The support thus accorded the project by a few houses of like influence speedily set the ball rolling, and the Exchange is to-day one of the most creditable bodies of its kind in existence. From the start, Mr. E. A. Cruikshank was chosen by his fellow members to be one of their representatives in the work of organization, and at the annual election he was elected to the Board of Directors, and was subsequently unanimously chosen to fill the vitally responsible position of Treasurer of the Exchange. The position is an arduous one, in view of the completion of the Exchange's magnificent new building, but Treasurer Cruikshank has ever faithfully discharged the onerous duties devolving upon him, and is 'one of the most popular and respected executive elyeers of the institution. He is likewise a member of the committee on the building, along with such well known gentlemen as Messrs. H~arnett, Cammann, Bellamy, Wilkins, Scott and Buck. Mr. A. W. Cruikshank is likewise an active and popular member of the Exchange, giving a warm support to all measures best calaulated to advance its permanent welfare, and with his co-partner, make it an assured success. ponlon on the boa rd of directors, and ha s d one much towad pla cing this importan t Exchange upon a basis of pros perity and ever widening usefulness. Mr. Mordecai has likewise given his earnest support and widely extended influence t o securng the efficient organization of the institution, and is one of its most popu lar and esteemed stockholders. In conclusion, the ascetivity and enterprise of the widely known house of Mess rs. Mor dec ai & Bellamy, ne ed not be recounted here, since its mer its ar e f ully recog nized throug hout the commun ity, and Ne w Yor k ma y well be congratu lated on the poss essio n of s uch honorable and energetic busines smen as the members of this firm are so w ell known to be. Scort & Myers, Auctioneers and Real Estate Brok ers, No. 146 Broadway, cor n er of Liberty Street; Branch Office: North West corner of Madison Avenue and 59th Street.-Prominent among the leading firms of auction e er s and real estate brokers in New York is that of Me s sr s. Scott & Myers, of No. 146 Broadway, corn er of Liberty str eet, who for a period o f up w ards of 15 years prior t o the first of May, 1885, were p ermanently located at No. 8 Pin e street. Both Mr. George H. Scott, and tr. Sinclair Myers, are active and enterprising business men, and have developed a most influential con ne ction, including among their customers many of our leading capitalists and investors. They are successful negotiators and have also superior facili tie s for taking the entire car e a nd manag ement of estates, and the collection of rents, having, besides their commodious main offices on Broadway, a branch of fice u p town in the basement of the magnificent new apartment house cornerof 59th street and Madison avenue, which is probably the m ost elegantly furnished and beautifully decorated real estat e offi ce in this city. The firm secure responsible ten ants; effect rep airs in the most judicious manner, and generally maintain all properties placed in thleir hands at the highest stand ard of productive efflciency. Intending investors, or those searching for houses or flats to let can always find descriptions of everyth ing d e sirabl e at the offices of Messrs. Scott & Myers, who are equally well prepared to afford favorabl e oppor tun ities f or investment in down town business properties. Both Mr. Scott and Mr. Myers have ever given a publ ic spirited support t o all m easure s best promoting the mate r ial prosper ity of New Y ork, and they were among the first few to meet and effect the pre lim inary organiz ation of that useful institution the Re al Estate Exchange and Auction Room, and rank to-day among its most i nfluential and popular stockholders. Mr. Scott who stands No. 7 on the roll of m emb e rship, and whose recognized superior executive abilities were e ar ly called into the service, of the Exchange, w a s not only elected a member of the board of directors, but likewise chosen secretary of the Exchange. He has ably and conscientiously discharged the onerous duties devolving upon him from the first regular meeting of the Exchange in 1883 up to the present time, and no one has labored more earnestly in its behalf, much'of the success of the splendid new building owned by the institution being due to Secretary Scott's disinterested exertions. He is likewise a hardworking member of the committees on the building and sanitation. Messrs. Scott & Myers have long enjoyed the highest of reputations for their honorable methods and sterling integrity, and have greatly aided, in maintaining that high standard of financial probity which characterizes the leading real estate circles of the metropolis of America. 1:. A. Crultshank aco.e Real Estate, No. 176 Broadwray. —The Real Estate interests of the metropolis have of recent years attained proportions of such magnitude that they unquestionably represent the most important factor in Nesw York's financial strength, -90 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES 91 plaeed upon the market The e o-pers have long had an intimate connection with the transactions in lots and houses along the line of Fifth and M:iadlson avenues, and the intersecting streets, and number among their permanent patrons many of our wealthhiest and most discriminating investors. As agents the firm is prepared to take the entire management of estates, securing responsible tenants, collecting rents, effecting repairs in the most judicious manner, and in every way conserving the productive efficiency of the' property entrusted to their care. As members of the newly organ i ze d Real Estate Ex change and Auction Room, lhey h ave shown a war m interest in placing the institutlon upon a permanent working basis, and which gives an indication of an era of such widespread usefulness. Mr. Sause has always made a specialty of renting, and is considered an authority in this branch of the real estate business. Both Mr. Richards and Mr. Sause are natives of this city, in the early prime of manhood, and gentlemen who have in business and social circles, ever retained the esteem and confidence of the entire community. Zealous in advancing and protecting the interests of their customers, the firm has established upon a sure basis of years of an honorable record in the market, and both their integrity and abilities are generally recognized. Their prospects are of the most favorable character, and no firm is more worthy of enduring success. George B. Read, (Formerly of E. H. Ludlow & Co.,) Real Estate, No. 19 Nassau Street.-Inthis historical review of the real estate interests of New York, the oldtime house of E. H. Ludlow & Co. will necessarily occupy the position of honor. Nothing that we can say will add to the high esteem, and we might well say, veneration, entertained for the late Mr. Ludlow, whose decease was deeply regretted by none so much as his copartners, who had so materially contributed to the prosperity of the house. None of Mr. Ludlow's associates were possessed of better abilities and aptitude for the great business in hand than Mr. George R. Read, whose partnership in the house extended throughout a period of seven years. He brings to bear the ripe experience derived fromeighteen year's practical connection with the widest range of the real estate business of the metropolis, and retired in August, 1884, from the firm of E. H. Ludlow & Co., in order to embark in the business upon his own account. He has located his office very eligibly and centrally at No. 19 Nassau street, where he actively carries on the business in its various branches. Mr. Read's connections are of the most superior character. Both buyers and sellers will consult their best interests by entrusting him with their commissions, and intending investors can confidently rely i ii his sound judgment and intimate knowledge of the rleal values and prospective worth of houses, flats, office buildings, warehouses and vacant lots. While he was connected with Messrs. E. H. Ludlow & Co., and since his retirement from that firm, he has been engaged in many heavy transactions, carrying through some of the mo s t important transfe rs of real estate on record. He has also every facility to ensure the care, and cons ervative management of estate s placed in his hands, and ever maintains the properties at the highest ratio of income productiveness. Mr. Rea(l Was born in the neighboring city of Brooklyn, and has long been a permanent resident of New York, manifesting a public spirited interest in all measures best calculated to advance the welfare and prosperity of the metropolis. He vigorously aided the organization of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room, and was one of the first to enroll himself as a member, realizing the great benefits that must accrue therefrom both to the public and real estate operators and brokers generally. Bringing to b)ear as he does superior executive abilities, and being co familiar and conversant with every phase and feature of the metropolitan real estate market, we can atssure the public that they can rely on securing advantages through Mr. Read's agency not easily obtainable elsewhere. Hall J. How & Co., Real Estate Brokers and Appraisers, No 171;Broadway, corner Cortlandt Street.The rapid development of the real estate market of New York, and the rapidly enhancing values of choice property, renders the financial interests involved of paramount importance. No form of investment has become as popular with the conservative public as judiciously selected real estate, for not only is a permanent source of income assured, but there is a reasonable certainty of prospective increase in value. Much depends upon the choice of eligibly situated and strictly firstclass nature of improvements, and there is no safeguard better than securing the benefit of the sound judgment and practical experience of one of our old established and responsible real estate houses. Prominent among the number thus referred to is that of messrs Hall J. How & Co., composed of Mr. Hall J. How and Mr. Thomas S. Walker. Their business as real estate brokers and appraisers was founded some twenty years ago, and has been developed by judicious and honorable management to proportions of great magnitude. Both co-partners bring practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the various residential and business sections of the metropolis. They have established connections of a strictly first class character, being commissioned by our leading capitalists and property owners to effect the disposal of choice avenue and nearby improved and unimproved properties. Their facilities for effecting sales are of a superior character, and they are always enabled to offer investors a choice from a lengthy list of eligible properties. The firm'shigh reputation as experts upon present and prospective values has caused them to be frequently called upon to act, officially and for private parties, as appraisers of all descriptions of realty. Their valuations have ever been borne out by subsequent sales, and their honorable methods have gained for them the confidence andesteem of the entire community. Both Messrs. How and Walker have manifested a public-spirited interest in the progressive welfare of the metropolis, and were among the original promoters of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction R'oom, of which tlhey are now active stockholders, and with the prospect before them that it will have a wide career of uisefulniess. uRichards & Sauses, (la te w i th E. H. Ludlow &f Co.,) Real Estate Agents and Brokers, No. 2 Pine and 1130 Broadway.-There is no interest in the great metropolis but what is secondary to that of real estate, which is the true and secure investment for rich and poor alike. The ceaseless activity in this market and its magnitude have enlisted the highest order of financial talent, and honorable method. Prominent among the best connected and most active and enterprising houses thus referred to, is that of Messrs. Richards & Sause, the co-partners, Mr. Benjaman Richards, and Mr. Edmond J. Sause, Jr., having been for many years connected with the old house of Messrs. E. H. Ludlow & Co. They carried through many of the most important transactions in which the concern was engaged, upon Mr. Ludlow's lamented decease in the fall of 1884, they retired from the firm, and formed the present co-partnership. Their offices are very conveniently located at Nos. 2 Pine street and 1130 Broadway and where they transact every branch of the real estate business. They possess an intimate knowledge of all the best residential and business sections, and have upon their books descriptions of the choicest pro,perties 4 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIF.S. 91 9NEW YORE'- LEADING INDTJTtl'RIES. descriptions, SUCIt as piers, docks, fiats, Broadway sfores, office buildings, factories, &c., and faithfully dis charges the onerous duties thus devolving upon him, pursuing an undeviating policy of, in every minute detail, watching closely after the interests of his numer ous patrons. In letting, selling and the placing of loans, Mr. Carpenter is a recognized authority, with wide con nections, and the best of facilities, and no name is more familiar, or more closely identified with real estate in the metropolis. Mr. Carpenter is both a native of this city, and one of its permanent residents, and is a recognized expert as to values of all kinds of real property. He, as before mentionled, is an esteemed member of the Real Estate Exchange, and believes that it will prove worthy of the mighty interests centered therein. Mr. Carpenter's uptown offices are eligibly located in the Y. M. C. A. building, near corner of Fourth avenue and 23d street, and both there and down town he transacts a business of constantly increasing magnitude. Howard W. Coates, Real Estate, No. 150 Broadway, Corner Liberty Street.-No factor has added more materially to the wealth of New York city than that of the improvement and steady rise in values of its real estate. An addition of upward of $55,000,000 was officially made to the value of real property in New York during 1884, and still the march of progress is apparent on every hand. Thus no investment is surer of more enchanting value than one judiciously made in city real estate. The necessity for having a thorough knowledge of values and of the neighborhood in which any property is located is so apparent to all that the advice and aid of a thoroughly experienced broker is absolutely essential, and fortunately the unusually high standing and honorable methods of our leading real estate brokers and agents gives the public the greatest possible security in making these class of investments, and in subsequently placing the management of the property in the hands of a competent agent. Prominent among the leading responsible members of the real estate fraternity, and a gentleman who has for upwards of eighteen years been actively engaged in this line of business is Mr. Howard W. Coates, whose office is so eligibly and centrally located at No. 150 Broadway, corner Liberty street. Mr. Coates has long been an authority on property onthe west side, and has given thatentire section such close attention from year to year, thathe can in all cases approximate the actual selling value of any property named. He has carriedthroughmany of the largesttransactions in choice parcels, and is a popular broker all through financial circles, as is certified to by the fact that he has had the entire management of many very valuable New York estates for many years, and has, in every way, given unqualified satisfaction. Closely identified as he has been with the material interests of the metropolis for so many years, Mr. Coates was one of the first to aid in the organization of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room, which gives such assured promise of a useful future. Thomas & Eckerson, Real Estate anu i.-.urance Brokers, No. 38 West 30th Street.-This is one of the most popular and best known firms of real estate brokers in the metropolis, and have been established for the past eight years. Having the confidence of the public and property owners, this enterprising firm is doing an extensive business, both in renting and selling property, and also in placing risks with reliable insurance companies. They make a specialty of managing entire estates and have every facility for the same. They are members of the Real Estate Exchange. Mr. Wm. M. Thomas is a commissioner for the states, and Mr. Jno. C. R. Eckersonis a notary public. Both are men of unusual ability, and have established an exe ellent ~epuV -tion r h ari a bl sines methods. o. G. Bennet, Real Estate and Ins,irance, rind Appraiser of Real Estate, No. 150 Broadway, Comner of Liberty Street.-Prominent among those who long hold high standing in New York real estate circles, is Mr. O. G. Bennet, of No. 150 Broadway. Mr. Bennet brings the widest possible range of practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the respective advantages of the various residential and business sections of the city. He established as a broker upon his own account some eighteen years ago, and has during the intervening period developed a large and permanent trade, including among his customers many of our leading citizens. He has long been regarded as an expert in the valuation of property, and as an appraiser of recognized accuracy has fixed the values upon some of the most costly properties in the city. This will be admitted when we state that Mr. Bennet is the appraiser for the Produce Exchange (whose building is the largest of its kind in the world), and for such prominent institutions as the Dry Dock Savings Bank, &c., &c. Mr. Bennet actively conducts a general real estate business, attending to the buying, selling and renting of property, loaning money on bond and mortgage, and making a specialty of insurance, in which line he has superior connections, and is prepared to place the largest risks at unusually low rates with responsible companies. Mr. Bennet is very popular with property owners, and deservedly so, as he is prepared to assume the entire charge of estates, secure good tenants, effect repairs in the most judicious manner, and permanently maintain all properties placed under his care at the highest standard of productive efficiency. Mr. Bennet is a native of this city, a life-long resident, and has ever given a public-spirited support to all measures calculated to secure and advance its permanent welfare. He is a member of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room, of which he is now an influential stockholder. Personally, Mr. Bennet is very popular in business circles, noted for his equitable methods and conservative policy; and he is a thorough-going exponent of those great cardinal principles which alone form the sure basis of permahent prosperity. Among other properties, Mr. Bennet is agent for the new Williamsburg City Fire Insurance Company's building, in which his office is located. Lt. J. Carpenter, Real Estate, No. 68 Wall Street, and Nos. 56 and 58 East 23d Street.-The vast interests centred in real estate in the metropolis render this branch of commercial activity by far the most important in New York city, andit is matter for congratulation t ha t the leading members of the t rade have at last organize d an exchange as a cent ral point for the incessant activity in the various important branches of the real estate business. The hundreds of millions of dollars of capital permanentty invested in real estate, improved and unimproved, and the paramount necessity of better facilities for the meeting of operatives aadbrokers have led to the organization of the real estate exchange upon an enduring basis. Among those who have taken an active interest in its organization is Mr. L. J. Carpenter, so well known and esteemed throughout both real estate and:financial circles. Mr. Carpenter began in business upon'his own account in 1860, nearly a quarter of a century ago, and since March 19th, 1864, has been permanently located at his present address in Wall street. Though so long active in 0usiness, Mr. Carpenter having made an early start in the world, is still in the prime of manhood, and is generally recognized as of the most enterprising and successful real estate agents and brokers. He transacts every class of the business centered under the above head, malking a specialty of taking the charge and managemen,of es-tales. He has e carg, of real prni-crty of l11 92 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. T. S. Clarkson & Co., Real Estate Brokers, Management of Estates a Specialty, No. 4 Pine Street.In the preparation of a historical review of the important real estate interests of this city, the public attention will at once be directed to the representative and active house of Messrs. T. S. Clarkson & Co., the wellknown Pine street brokers, and who have, during their business career, carried through to a successful issue many very heavy transactions in realty. Mr. T. S. Clarkson has had a lengthy, practical and intimate acquaintance with the New York real estate market, extending back over a number of years, and since 1881 has been in co-partnership with Messrs. D.A. and X. L. Clarkson, his sons, under the existing name and style. Mr. T. S. Clarkson is a recognized authority as regards both present and prospective, while the superior connections of his house afford unsurpassed facilities for the ready disposal of any description of realty placed in their hands. Upon their books are full descriptions of the most eligible bargains available in stores, dwellings and lots; also country property, and conservative investors who act upon their judicious advice and'sound judgment can in all cases rely on securing a steady income, with prospective increase of values. The firm transacts all branches of a general real estate business, including negotiation of loans upon bond and mortgage, the collection of rents, and the placing of insurance risks at lowest rates with the most reliable companies. A prominent specialty with them is the management of estates, in which line they have established the highest of reputations, and perma nently retained the confidence of property owners Their care of property is intelligent and painstaking and they look after the securing of responsible tenants. Mr. C. L. Clarkson is a member and stockholder of the Real Estate Exchange. The Clarksons, as a family, have long been residents of the metropolis, descendants of old Knickerbockers on the Livingston side, and have worthily retained the highest standing for character and ability. Edward P. Hamilton & Co., Real Estate; Orange property a Specialty Office: No. 2 Fine Street.-The real estate interests of the cities and towns in the neighborhood of New York, are only excelled by those of the metropolis, and nowhere have the prospects been brighter and prices firmer than in the delightful and salubrious suburb of Orange, N. J. Investments in real estate in that direction when judiciously made,' under the guidance of the sound judgment and Intimate practical knowledge of an expert, are sure to #rove remunerative, and thousands of city people who have become possessed of realty in Orange and surrounding sections have had no cause to regretthe purchases. One of the leading representative firms making a specialty of real estate in Orange and itsneighborhood is that of Messrs. Edward P. Hamilton & Co., whose city office is No. 2 Pine street, while their headquarters in Orange are on Cone street, opposite the principal depot. Mr. Hamilton has been established in business since 1867, and both he and his co-partner, Mr. H. W. Campbell, bring vast practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the respective values and outlook for improved and unimproved property in Orange, East Orange, Llewellyn Park, Mountain Station, South Orange, Short Hills, Summit, Madison and Morristown, and generally speaking, realty throughout Essex, Morris and Union counties. They have done a great deal toward the permanent building up and improvement of Orange and neighborhood, and are widely and favorably known, not only throughout New Jersey, but like wise in the city of New York. At their office, No. 2 Pine street, they are prepared at all times to give the fullest information in regard to Orange property, and are the recognized authorities on the subject in the metropolis. They give their most careful attention to the filling of all orders, both as regards the purchase or sale, and renting of real estate, and have carried I many important transactions to a successful issue. Their connections are of the most superior character, and they number among their permanent customers many of the leading capitalists of Orange and this city. Enterprising,progressive and energetic,Messrs. Edward P. Hamilton & Co., have ever given a hearty support to all measures calculated to advance the permanent welfare of the fraternity, and were among the first to aid in the organization of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room. William IGalor, Real Estate Bro ker, and AppraLser,No. 111 Broad wa y, (Trinity Building.)-The name of Lalor has lon g been famili ar an d univers ally respected throughput New York's financial and real estate circles. Mr. William Lalor thus honorably spoken of, is a native of this city, a nd has always resided here, ever taking a warm interest in the prosperity and welfare of the great metropolis, and whose energy and enterprise have greatly aided in the development and increased value of New York's real estate. He has now been established in business as a real estate broker, and appraiser, for a period of some thirty-five years, and during this time has developed one of the most extensive connections with capitalists, property owners, and speculative operators of any one in the business. Mr. Lalor has upon his own account and for others, disposed of millions of dollars worth of property, principally located in this city. His unerring judgment, and vast practical experience as a careful appraiser ol residental and business property in all sections of the metropolis, have long been recognized and have been the foundation for the fortune of many a cautious investor. In 1873, Mr. Lalor was himself a large, purchaser of I9th ward property at the celebrated Lenox estate sale, and which has since steadily developed in value, abundantly demonstrating the excellent judgment and accurate knowledge brought to bear by him as an expert. It is Mr. Lalor's intention to become an auctioneer As an appraiser, Mr. Lalor is often called upon to officially determine values for courts of justice, commissions, and in expropriation proceedings, and intending buyers at private sale will find him an excellent authority. He likewise makes a specialty of negotiating loans. Sam'l Glovev, Real Estate, Nos. 39 Nassau and 55 Liberty Streets.-The development of the business of real estate in New York has been greatly aided by the honorable methods of our leading brokers, and prominent among the number is Mr. Samuel Glover, whose offices are eligibly located at Nos. 39 Nassau and 58 Liberty streets. Mr. Glover, who is a member of the Real Estate and Auction Room, has been established in business for the last twenty years as a broker in real estate, and has developed a large and permanent trade of a first-class character. He is believed to have obtained the highest price for business and dwelling property that has ever been Fold in New York, viz: $168,000 for about 16x30 feet, corner Wall and Broad streets or $330 per square foot and $190,000 for 25 xlOO feet, at No 724 Fifth avenue,. or $76 per square foot. Everything in the line of real estate, sucl as buying and selling properties, renting houses and lands, collecting rents, loaning money on bond and mortgage is attended to in the most satisfactory manner. A specialty is made of property on the N.Y. & N. H. R. R. Property for sale is entered upon his books, and no commission is charged till a sale is effected. Estates are looked after on behalf of the owners, who obtain the benefit of Mr. Glover's skill, care and experience at anominal charge. Mr. Glover is a resident of Connecticut, and populat g. I 93 94 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. ILawrence, Kilduff & Co.. General Insurance and Real Estate Agents, No. 51 Liberty Street.-One of the most enterprising firms of insurance and real estate agents in this city is that of Messrs.Lawrence, Kilduff& Co., of No. 51 Liberty street, who removed in April, 1885, from their former offices in No. 79 Cedar street, in view of the steady development of their business and the advantages of being located close to the new Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room of which the firm are members. The co-partners, Messrs. John S. and William M. Lawrence, have built up a connection of a superior character in the various departments of their business. As insurance agents they control several large lines of property both in residential and business sections, writing risks at lowest rates of premium in the German American, and other powerful and ably managed insurance corporations. In real estate circles they are justly popular, and have developed an exten sive business throughout the metropolis, Brooklyn, and the suburbs. The renting of house and store property has also been made a specialty by them, and their lists are among the choicest and most complete in existence. They also assume the entire charge of estates, prompt ly negotiate loans to any amount on bond and mortgage, and generally conduct all the branches of the real estate business. Both co-partners are natives of this city, still in the early prime of life and with prospects of the most favorable character before them. The firm refer to such representative concerns as Harper & Brothers, the great publishers; the German American Insurance Company, Hon. John R. Brady, &c., &c., who endorse Messrs. Lawrence, Kilduff & Co., as gentlemen of the most honorable character in business transactions. Bernard Smyth, Auctioneer and Real Estate Broker, Appralsements a Specialty, No. 7 Pine St.-Mr. Bernard Smyth was born in this city, and has always made it his permanent home, growing up to a true appreciation of its distinctive merits, as a vast centre of wealth and financial enterprise. In the year 1873 Mr. Smyth started in business as an auctioneer and real estate broker, and has, during the intervening period, built up a large and permanent trade. He is one of our most ac complished and ready auctioneers, whose frequent sales are largely attended, and by solid men and capitalists generally. He conducts foreclosure and private sales of real estate, and also those of furniture, stocks, bonds, and miscellaneous securities, ably serving the best interests of buyer and seller. As.a broker in real estate, Mr. Smyth possesses such an accurate knowledge of the merits of the various residential and business sections of the city, that he is sought by conservative investors, who in relying upon his superior judgment and correct estimates, effect excellent purchases, securing a steady income, with a prospective rise of value in the near future -matters of vital importance. Mr. Smyth's excellent record in so accurately estimating the true values of properties, has caused his services as an expert to be in much demand, and he is frequently called upon to appraise real estate, both for judicial purposes as well as for private parties. He promptly negotiates loans on bond and mortgage at lowest rates, and in every department of the business possesses superior facilities and connections. Mr. Smyth is a thoroughly public-spirited citizen, who has ever given a hearty support to all measures best calculated to advance the permanent welfare and prosperity of the metropolis. Se was one of the original promo ters and organizers of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room, and is an influential stockholder thereof. He was Receiver of Taxes for several years, president of the Board of Education for years, now a director of the Broadway Fire Insurance Company; one of the most conservatively managed institutions in the cited J. Thomas Stearns, Auctioneer, Real Estate and In surance Broker, No. 55 Liberty Street; Branch Office No. 1748 Washington Avenue, 24th. Ward.-The leading field of financial investment in the metropolis is unques tionably city real estate, and in no way can large or small sums of money be better applied to secure sure and pro ductive returns, than in the realty of the greatest cen tre of trade, commerce and population in the New World. Prominent among those who have taken an ac tive part in promoting the best interests of the city in this respect, and who have built up a widespread and permanent connection with property owners, is Mr. J. Thomas Stearns, of No. 55 Liberty street. Mr. Stearns is a native of New York, and has now been actively en gaged in the auction, real estate and insurance agency business for a period of upwards of fifteen years. He is still, however, in the early prime of manhood, and is noted for the spirit of honorably directed energy and enterprise infused into all transactions in which he en gages. Mr. Stearns is noted for his intimate personal knowledge of all the choice business and residential sections of New York, and intending purchasers can in all cases rely upon his superior knowledge and sound judgment, both as regards prices and nature of surroundings regarding health, &c. Mr. Stea r n gives particular attention to the selling, renting and ap praisement of both city and suburban property, and as a permanent and lengthy resident in the annexed district, (24th and 25th wards,) is a recognized author ity on property in that section, and possessing as he does full information regarding the recent and proposed improvements therein, as well as special descriptive maps, he is prepared to offer to both sellers and buyers of real estate in that section, advantages unsurpassed by any other office. The future of these wards is very promising; an active demandexists foreligible lots, and when one considers the nominal prices at which pur chases can yet be made, the certainty of handsome re turns is self-evident, and a foundation for a fortune can be readily laid by all so inclined. Mr. Stearns likewise makes a specialty of the agency of estates, taking entire charge of the same, collecting the rents, securing re sponsible tenants, effecting repairs, paying taxes and assessments, and keeping them up in every way to the highest'tandard of productive efficiency. He has spe cial facilities for effecting insurance upon dwellings, stores, fixtures, stock, &c., at the lowest rates, in reliable city companies, and likewise negotiates loans on bond and mortgage on favorable terms. As an auctioneer of real estate, &c., Mr. Stearns has developed a high reputation; he conducts sales at the Exchange or upon the premises as desired, inclusive of sales under legal process forattorneys, referees, receivers, executors, administrators and assignees. In addition Mr. Stearns successfully conducts numerous sales of furniture, merchandise, stocks and bonds, etc. Mr. Stearns has done and is still doing a great deal to build up the annexed district; he has sub-divided several large tracts into villa and city lots, selling the same at private purchase or by auction. His branchofficeat No. 1748Washington Avenue, 24th Ward, is the recognized headquarters for parties in search of eligible uptown property either to buy or hire, while Mr. Stearn's down town office,recently removed from No. 3 Pine street toits present convenient location in the Bryant Building, is a popular centre for the investing public, where bargains a All aQP.ciptions are constantly offered. Arthur Mason Jones, Real Estate, Nos. 92 and 94 Liberty Street.-Mr. Arthur Mason Jones, whose office is at Nos. 92 and 94 Liberty Street, transacts a general real estate business. He is a member of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room (Limited), and comes from a family who have for more than a century been interested ill the valuesor real ostate in New YorkCity. 94 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 95 William Cruikshank, Real Estate, No., 8Pine Street.-The real estate business has been developed to proportions of the greatest magnitude, and much credit is due in this connection to our representative and induential brokers. Amon g the number is Mr. Wiliam Cruikshank, who has been permanently established in the real estate business since 1855. As an active broker, he has long been well known in leading circles,and has established connections of an unsurpassed character, having represented in various transactions, the Astors, the Schermerhorns, the Jones, the Edgars, and others of the old New York families, also many other leading capitalists, operators and investers. Not only does he possess the widest possible range of experience, but likewise an intimate knowledge of the values of residential and business property in all section* of the city, so that the utmost reliance can be placed upon his judgment and advice by intending investors. In addition to attending to the sale and renting of property in his characteristically efficient manner, Mr. Cruikshank, has long made a specialty of the general management of estates, taking the entire charge, securing responsible tenants, effecting necessary repairs, and in every way maintaining the property in the best of order. He has ever manifested a warm interest in everything pertaining to the steady developement of the city, and has given a straightforward support to the organization of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room, and is now one of its active and influential stockholders. Charles S. Brown Real Estate, No. 26 Pine Street. -Among the enterprising real estate brokers of New York is Mr. Chas. S. Brown, of No. 26 Pine street. With an experience of twelve years in active business, he has developed a prosperous practice, numbering among his customers many leading capitalists. His honorable methods are duly appreciated, as is evidenced by the number and class of his clients. He, together with his fellow members of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room, has long seen the need and usefulness of such an organization, which is composed only of real estate men in the front rank of the profession. It will soon begin a prosperous career of activity, the advantages of which Mr. Brown will necessarily share. The prominent feature of Mr. Brown's business is taking the entire charge of estates. He devotes his time to the study of this department, and thoroughly looks after every detail, thus relieving property owners of all care regarding their possessions. Responsible tenants are secured, alterations and repairs looked after, all collections promptly made, and, in fact, nothing is left undone that will tend toward the mutual benefit of all concerned. We have endeavored to state in this article nothing but facts, which have been gathered from reliable statements from Mr. Brown's colleagues in business, who appreciate the worth and sterling character of the man. Iu J. & I. Phillips, Real Estate Brokers, Auctioneers and Appraisers, No. 4 Pine Street.-One of the most active and enterprising firms of real estate brokers, auctioneers and appraisers in this city is that of Messrs. L. J. & I. Phillips, of No. 4 Pine street. The steadily increasing demand for choice city real estate is one of the most suggestive features of the day, and indicates that there is no other form of investment so absolutely sure and remunerative. The Messrs. Phillips have, since they began in business in 1876, made a specialty of choice realty, and their sound judgment and accurate estimate of present andprospective valueshave enabled many of our leading capitalists and investors to make c judicious selections, and in the case of improved property, to be sure of a steady income and a progress enhancement of value. The firm transacts a general real estate business, buying, selling and renting, and have connections of the most superior character, handling a great deal of most eligibly located property on Fifth and Madison avenues, and intersecting streets, They have carried through to a successful issue some of themostimportanttransactions on record, and the public has learned to repose the utmost confidence in their aims and methods. In addition to their extensive brokerage business, the firm are auctioneers and appraisers, offering every facility for the disposal of real property, &c., at public sale, while as appraisers their accurate estimates of values cause them to be frequently selected to act on behalf of the courts, as well as private individuals. Both Messrs. L. J. and I. Phillips were born and brought up in New York. Here is their home, and here are their interests concentrated, and it is but just to add that they have ever given a hearty support to all measures best calculated to advance the city's permanent welfare and prosperity. They were among the first to support and aid in the organization of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room, and are now among its influential stockholders. They are universally popular and respected both in business and social circles, and in private life have liberally contributed to the support of the benevolent institutions of the metropolis, irrespective of creed or nationality. Their standing in financial circles is of the highest, and in their policy and methods are thorough-going exponents of the great cardinal principles of equity and probity which form the only basis of enduring prosperity. Jere. Johnson, Jr., Auctioneer and Real Estate Bro ker, No. 62 Liberty Street.-Prominent among the leading auctioneers and brokers, who have done so much to advance the welfare of the community in the above respects, is Mr. Jeremiah Johnson, Jr., of No. 9 Pine street. Mr. Johnson, was born in Brooklyn, and is now in the prime of life. For the last twenty years he has been actively engaged in business and has during this period permanently retained the confidence and esteem of the public. As an accomplished and talented auctioneer, he has acquired the highest of reputations, and his sales on IChange are always largely attended by leading capitalists and investors. Mr. Johnson has conducted many foreclosure sales in a most sat isfactory manner, and besides the disposal of realty, he likewise sells stocks, bonds and miscellaneous securities. Mr. Johnson has manifested great energy and enterprise, and has carried through some of the heaviest transactions on record, dividing up and selling some of the most extensive unimproved estates both in East Brooklyn and upper New York. Mr. Johnson is a public-spirited citizen and has given a cordial support to many meritorious enterprises, and none more so, than the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room, of which he is an influential stockholder. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 95 Ottinger & Bro., Real Estate, No. 49 Broadway.Prominent among the extensive real estate operators who for several yeaix have obtained the highest standIng in the real estate cirt,.Ies of the metropolis, is the well-known firm of Messrs. Ottinger & Bro., whose ofdces are conveniently located at No. 49 Broadway. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. Marx and Moses Ottinger, who are both long residents and esteemed members of the Real Estate ,.-,-ange and Auction Rooms, and previous to giving eir attention to this business in 1878, were connected with the tobacco trade. They have long been regarded as experts in the valuation of property, and as ap praisers of recognized ability and accuracy. Messrs Ottinger & Brother deal exclusively in property of their own. Personally they are held in the highest estimation in business circles for their equitable metliods and conservative policy. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. pass his ordinances for improvements in the 23rd and 24th wards." In an able speec h delivered by Alderman Wells in October, 1883, he struck the true keynote of New York's material progress, and in spite of our limits of space, we make room for his eloquent argument on behalf of improvements for the people, said he: "The demands from the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Wards may seem numerous, but it should be remembered that that section is growing rapidly, and requires much legislation. Rapid transit is bringing population to these wards. Large numbers of houses are being built. Building should be encouraged by proper legislation, by the introduction of gas, Croton water, and sewers. In this way only can the miseries of the tenement-house system be corrected. Does the gentleman who opposes the passage of these ordinances desire to deny to the people of the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Wards that to which-they have a right by being part of this city? If the gentleman desires to retard our progress, and drive people who would settle with us over into Long Island and New Jersey let him vote against the improvements of the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Wards. He must take the consequences of that vote. It is not true that too much of the city's money is being expended north of the Harlem. Around this circle sit men who are father's of families as well as'City Fathers.' Do you not spend your money liberally for the support and education of your sons until they are able to take care of themselves? So should you treat the Twentythird and Twenty-fourth Wards. They are the children at present-the wards of this great city. Every dollar that you now spend in their development will be returned tenfold to the city treasury. Do not, by your votes, retard our progress. Give us our rights and treat us liberally." Mr. Wells is one of the Board of Directors of the Real Estate Exchange, and Auction Room, Limited. He was for many years a member of the Board of Education of the 24th Ward. He was educated in New York's Public Schools and Columbia College. James L. Wells, Auctioneer and Real Estate Broker, No. 59 and 61 Liberty Street.-Mr. James L.Wells has during his active and successful business career, developed not only the highest of reputations for his honorable methods and sterling integrity but likewise as a public spirited citizen who has labored fearlessly and earnestly on behalf not only of his constituents but of the community at large, as his record in our legislative and aldermanic halls abundantly demonstrates. It is now about fifteen years since Mr. Wells began in thp business upon his own account as an auctioneer and real estate broker. He brought a wide range of practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the various residential and business sections of the metropolis, and especially of the 23rd and 24th wards, of whih Mr. Wells is a native and an influential resident. He is a very popular and successful auctioneer, possessing the fullest confidence and esteem of our leading capitalists, property owners, and investors, and his sales are always largely attended and elicit spirited competition. Mr.Wells possesses especial qualifications for his business, and owing to the wide range and superior character of his connections is prepared to promptly dispose of realty at full values, while offering bargains to conservative investors, guaranteed to produce a steady income and a prospective increase of value. He has done as much if not more, than any other citizen of New York to advance the improvement and development of the 23rd and 24th Wards, where to-day, the opportunities for investment under the judicious advice of an expert like Mr. Wells, are far better and safer, than any stock or bonds. Mr. Wells has handled in a most successful manner, some of the largest blocks of real estate in these wards, having disposed of a number of extensive properties by subdividing them. Mr. Wells, as a talented and enterprisIng member of the community, has earned the marked respect and confidence of his fellow citizens, and has ably served their best interests in the State Legislature and the New York Board of Aldermen, although his district is strongly politically opposed to him. Hiss speeches in defense of all good measures, and his manly support of New York's best interestsreceivedthe heartiest endorsement of the press. They are well voiced by the Cow Daily Times which said: "Amore faithful representative than Mr. Wells does not occupy a sea t on the floor of the assembly." The New York Times said: "His record has been an excellent one; his votes i ndicating a constant regard not only of watchful care of his constituents, but of a sense of responsibility for the good government of the whole city." While acting as the representative of his district, he was active in promoting the great improvements which have tended so much toward the increased prosperity of the upper portion of the city. The Real Estate Record said of him, in this connection: "Alderman Wells is working by day and by night to favor improvements in this annexed district. Already his district has reaped vast benefits from his pluck and pushing manner." Among the improvements so successfully battled for by Mr. Wells, in the State and City Legislature, are the Harlem river canal enterprise, the extension of the Rapid Transit system through the annexed district, the extension of the Croton Water supply, the reduction in the expenses of street openings, and the new parks. Said Alderman McClave (now a Police Commissioner of this city), speaking of Mr. Wells' course as a member of the Board of Aldermen: "I have carefully watched Mr. Wells' course in th is Bo ard and I am convinced that he has the correct idea in regard to the development of the 23rd and 24th wards. The district which he so ably represents on this floor, has received incalculable benefits from his legislation during the past years, and as Aldermen of this city we can do no better thing than to meet here week after week, and ftoffman Bros., Real Estate, Money Loaned on Bond and Mortgage, No. 4 and a6 Wa rren Street.-There is no financial interest of New York, that approache s that of real estate in importan ce, and no w dur ing the period of depressed values o f stocks, bon ds, and other se c urities, choice city realty is in i ncre ase d demand by c a pitalists and others seeking safe investme n t s. Among the enterprising and energetic firms which have contributed in no small deg ree t o the development of the market of th e met ropol is f or realty is that of M essrs. Hoffman Brothers, No. 4 and 6 Warren street' This business was established in 1881 by the senior partner, the present co-partners being Messrs. C. F. Hoffman, Jr., and W. M. V. Hoffman, both of whom bring a wide range of practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the various residential and business sections of the city. Their facilities are unrivalled for securing the prompt purchase and sale of houses, flats, and business property, and they have successfully carried out some of the largest transactions in this line. They are always ready to negotiate loans on bond and mortgage for any amount, and on the most favorable terms. Another very important branch of their business is the entire charge and management of estates in which they have attained a distinguished name. Messrs. Hoffman Brothers, are popular members of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room. where they are highly esteemed for their honorable methods, and justly merit the success attained by their energy and perseverance. Their volume of business is steadily enlarging and they are thorough exponents of those enduring principles of equity. and honor, which form the firm basis of the New York real estate market. 96 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 97 sells, and rents real estate, attends to the collection of rents, the payment of taxes, and obtains insurance in the most desirable companies, and estates which are placed wholly in his hands are managed to the entire satisfaction of owners and occupants. Mr. Brown is a director of the Merchants Insurance Company, and is receiver for a vary large number of estates. He is a gentleman of unusual ability, having been appointed a notary public and commissioner of deeds. By years of energetic work, coupled with honorable straightforward business methods, he has built up a large and lucrative business, and is thoroughly deserving of his success. Horace S. Elr, Real Estate Agent, No. 22 Pine Street.-This popular real estate agency was originally established in 1835, by Mr. Abner L. Ely, who alter an honorable and active career died in 1871, and was succ(eded by the present proprietor, Mr. Ely, who first became associated with Mr. Abner Ely, in 1855, and is well known as an absolute authority on the present and prospective values of the residential and business sections of New York. His connections are of a very influential character, enabling him to place upon his books properties of the choicest descriptions, which are exclusively entrusted to him. Mr. Ely also undertakes the entire management of estates, and is noted not only for securing responsible tenants, but likewise for keeping all properties under his charge up to the highest standard of productive efficiency. Mr. Ely is justly popular as a negotiator of loans on bond and mortgage, owing to his honorable and liberal policy. He is of New England, (Connecticut), ancestry and a popular member of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Rooms, and has always been an active supporter of any measure conducive to the permanent prosperity and welfare of that national and flourishing institution. J. Romaine Brown, Real Estate, No. 62 West 33rd Street.-Mr. Brown is one of the most popular real estate agents in the metropolis. With a thorough knowledge of the business gained by many years of practical experience, he adds a familiarity with the legal requisites for the proper transaction of all matters pertaining thereto. He has been established thirtyfive years during which time he has had the managemeant of some very extenaive city properties. He buys, George W. Carrington, Real Estate Broker, No. 111 Broadway.-The lat e course of events in th e ifnan cial world, has fully demonstrate d t he fact that there is no form of investment so secure, and with such cer tain returns of income as real estate. In this connec tion special attention is directed to the popular and re liable real estate brokerage house of Mr. George W. Carrington, whose offices are conveniently and central ly located at No. 111 Broadway. Mr. Carrington is a native of this city, still in the early prime of life, and has gained a high reputation as an able and practical business man. He has become widely known to New York audiences, and his sales of real estate at the Exchange Auction Room, No. 111 Broadway, are always largely attended by capitalists and conservative investors. Mr. Carrington possesses excellent facilities for the buying and exchanging of property and negotiating loans on bond and mortgage. Personally he is greatly I respected for his ability and integrity. v NEW Y ORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 97 LEADING REAL ESTATE FIR,MS ND OTHER PROIIET REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES IN THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF TRADE. dence feltin the New York market for realty is greatly due to the honorable and enterprising career of such prominent houses as that of Adrian H. Muller & Son, who are the exponents of those great principles of integrity, which alone form the basis of enduring prosperity. It may be safely affirmedof this representative house, that their energy, activity and wide and varied experience are not surpassed by any other real estate firm in the city of New York, and that their success is but the outcome of the possession of all the elements of ability and rectitude in their business pursuits. Ogden & Clark, Real Estate Brokers, Nos. 11 Pine Street, and 9 East 17th Street.-The metropolis has no financial interest of more paramount importance than that of real estate, and at the present time, when the securities of the money market are so depressed, coupled with their diminished earning power, the investilng public has turned its attention to the city real estate market, as one absolutely secure, and where, if judicious purchases are made, not only is a steady source of income assured, but likewise prospective increase of values. Prominent among the old established and most active and enterprising houses which h a ve so gre atly aided in the permanent development of the New York real estate market, is that of Messrs. Ogden & Clark, a firm that has been familiar to the public during a period of sixteen years past, and which has ever retained the esteem and confidence of the entire community. The members of the firm are as follows: Mr. Henry Ogden, Mr. C. Stacy Clark, and Mr. A. Butler Duncan, all of whom bring a wide range of practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the merits of the various residential and business sections of the city. They have established a superior connection, em bracing as it does many of our leading capitalists, mel chants, and investors. Their facilities are therefore unsurpassed for securing the prompt purchase and sale of houses, flats and business property, and they have successfully carried through some of the largest trans actions in this line on record. They are likewise always ready to negotiate loans on bond and mortgage for any required amount, and at the most favorable terms. Another important branch of their business is the care ana management of estates, and from their honorable, liberal methods and wide experience, they have achieved wide-spread popularity in this direction, securing re sponsible tenants, effecting repairs and generally main taining the property at the highest productive stage of efficiency. They are widely known and respected both throughout real estate and commercial circles and refer to such prominent houses as those of August Belmont & Co., Messrs. Roosevelt & Son W. Butler Duncan, Esq., George De Forest Lord, Esq., D. H. Ar nold, Esq., A. Gracie King, Esq., John H. Sherwood, Esq., Jose F. De Navarro, Esq., Wm. C. Schermerhorn, Esq., Chas. Burrall Hoffman, Esq., and many others. Any further comments of ours upon this honorable, re sponsible house are superfluous; the co-partners are gentlemen of talent and integrity; their methods have met with the permanent approbation of our leading citizens, and they are most worthy exponents of thie most solid market in the world, viz., that of New York realty. A Adrian H. Muller & Son, Auctio neers and Real l'state Brokers, No. 12 Pine Street, Equitable Building. -In approaching the task of writing a general historical r evi ew of the r ise and progress of New York's real estate inte rests, the attention is at once directed to certain firms, which have for many years p ast stood pr omi n ent in the business and financial circles of the city, a s the true exponents of the development of the realty of the metropolis. One of the oldest established and most infl uentia l thus remerred to is the popular house of Messrs. Adrian H. Muller & Son, of No. 12 Pine s treet, which has for upwards of forty years been actively engaged in the real estate auction and brokerage business. Mr. Adrian H. Muller, the senior member of the firm, and his- co-partner, Mr. Wm. F. Redmond, both bring vast practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the various residential and business sectionsofthecity. Asauctioneers,their abilities and con nections are of the most superior character, and their Wednesday sales at the exchange salesrooms, No. 111 Broadway, are always largely attended, including leading bu sines s men an d capitalists in their audiences. They have dispose( of e n ormous quantities of real estate at the hammer, both under foreclosre and by privatet b ae instru ction, and at prices which indicate the confidence reposed in the firm's a ssurances and methods. They likewise sell large quantities of railway stocks and b onds, insurance and bank stocks, municipal bonds,&c.,and it is a favooite plan at the division of estates toput up the' negotiable securities atMessrs Adrian R. Muller & Son's stated auctions. As real estate brokers, th e fi rm have evidenced their intimate knowl edge of the market. Their advice is sought by ou r most cons ervative investors, andimproved property purchl,sed upon their recommendation, will not only afford a steady income, but have a prospective rise in value. They give thei r personal attention to every branchof the ir e xte n sive busin ess, and have sold millions of dollars worth of realty withi n the p ast few years, the tone of the market being satisfactorily gauged at their sale s, while their own views carry great weight both in the newspaper press and with the public, as those of conservative and th oroughly honorable business men. Mr. A drian H. Muller is one of our most public-spirited citizens, who has, in a thoroughly dis interested way, sought the welfare of his fellow citizens. His untir ing devotion to the duties thus discharged by him, are well illustrated by his abl e a dministration of the aairs o f th e firs e R oosevelt Hospital,of which philanthropic institution he has been the esteemed president for a number qf years. He is also identified with several other charitable institu tions and public corporations, and the weight of his influence is felt in many ways, to the lasting benefit, and, in real estate circle s, to t he perm anent devel opment of this great city. Mr. William F. Redmond has been connected with Mr. Muller in the present business for many years past. Iffis admirable judg ment is displayed in all the varied transactious in which the firm engages, and in which he constant ly takes an active part. He devotes his closest attention to the details of the firm's wide range of operations, and is one of the best known and most respected members of real estate circles. The confl 98 I NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 99 the corresponding enhanced values of realty shows what a safe and productive investment it is. To those having capital at command, or to all desirous of disposing of real or personal property, we heartily recommend Mr. Gordon, who can offer them advantages with difficulty attainable elsewhere, coupled with liberal and honorable treatment. J. A. Van Auken, Real Estate and Insurance Agent, No. 71 Broadway.-The name of Van Auken has ever held an honored significance in the leading real estate circles of this city. Mr. J. A. Van Auken has for a lengthy period been one of the most active and successful brokers and agents on Broadway, ever retaining the confidence and esteem of the community. The co-partners are respectively Messrs. J. A. Van Auken, F. E. Van Auken, William Taylor, and H. C. Van Auken. Their facilities and connections are alike unsurpassed, while they bring to bear that wide range of practical experience so essential to the best interests of the public at large. The co-partners are recognized authorities upon present and prospective values of city and especially country realty, and intending investors can fully rely upon their sound judgment and judicious advice in making purchases, that will insure not only a steady income, but likewise a certainty of increasing values. They have carried through to a successful issue many large transactions. They always have upon their books descriptions of the most eligible properties for investment purposes, the wide range of the same as regards location, size and architectural characteristics, affording both the capitalist with his surplus resources, and the man of moderate means in search of a home, equal opportunities of securing just what they want. They not only transact a general brokerage business in the purchase, sale, exchange and letting of realty, but likewise take the entire charge of estates, acting as agents for the securing of responsible tenants, promptly attending to the execution of repairs in the most judicious manner, and generally maintaining all properties placed in their care at the higest standard of productive efficiency. Prompt negotiations of loans on bond and mortgage are made, and Insurance is placed in all reliable companies. For the last ten years, the l iouse of J. A. Van Auken has been permanentlylocated in its present very eligible and central premises, No. 71n Broadway. William B.o Lynch, & Co., Real Estate Brokerand Auctioneer, Nos. 21 East Forty-second Street, and 32 Libe rty Street.-It is impossible to p la c e too high an estimate upon the importance of the real estate business in comparison with the various other elements of commercial and financial value; certainly none other r ests upon a more conservative and highly honorable basis, as regards methods and transactions. There are numerous pers ons who pursue th e occupation of real estate agents with credit and s uccess, and ea rn a well merited reputation for the conscientious and efficient manner with which they conduct affairs entrusted to their charge. Among those of this class may be men tioned Messrs. Wm. B. Lynch & Co., No. 21 East 42nd street and No. 32 Liberty street. They succeededthe late Mr. M. A. J. Lynch, No. 5 Pine street, who had been established in this line for twenty-eight years, and now conduct a general business as auctioneers and real estate brokers, buying and selling houses, lots, and land, in the city and elsewhere, placing loans, negotiating mortgages, arranging transfers, collecting rents and interest, etc. At the present time, as indeed always, they have a large and desirable list of properties salable and purchasable. Their widely extended and varied experi ence, keen appreciation of values, present and prospec tive, together with a large acquaintance with business men, render their services peculiarly valuable to parties dealing in realties. They have an excellent clientage, and amply sustain a highly honorable business record. JuPer B. Corningt Broker and Agent in Real Es tate, No. 145 Broadway.-Mr. Jasper E. Corning, the popular broker and real estate agent of No; 145 Broad way, brings a wide range of practical experience to bear, and Is generally spoken of, as an authority on the present and prospective values of residential and business property. Mr. Corning's connections are of a very influential character, and he has upon his books descriptions of the choicest properties in the market, many of which are placed exclusively In his hands, either to sell or lease, consequently merchants in search of ware-houses and stores, and capitalists desirous of investing surplus resources, are certain to hear of what they want through Mr. Corning's agency. He also un dertakes the sole care and management of large properties, among others thus attended to by him, being the Walter Bowne estate, and is noted for not only securing responsible tenants, but likewise for keeping all properties under his charge up to the highest standard of productive efficiency. He has developed a fine connection, doing a general city and out of town business in the lines of selling, leasing and exchanging properties, and is justly popular as a negotiator of loans on bond and mortgage, owing to his honorable and liberal policy, prompt methods and low charges. Mr. Corning is a justly respected and widely known New Yorker; the familv name will be familiar to thousands of our readers. Mr. Corning was also for many years a respected member of the iron trade, with ware-houses in Platt street, prior to seven years ago, when he first embarked In the real estate business. W. G. IL. King, Real Estate and Loans, No 5, Pine Street.-No review of the history of the rise and progress of the real estate interests of this city would be complete without suitable reference to Mr W. G. L. King, who has been long and actively Identified with the material advancement of New York. M~r. King is a native Burgess, Gordon & Co., No. 111 Broadway.-The firm of Burg ess, G ord on & Co. is composed of R. Bur gess, an o ld real estate an d insu rance br oker, of Newark, N. J., (who now carries on business there u nder the firm nanme of R. Burgess & Co., at No. 800 Broad street,) and H. H. Go rdon. The last mentioned gentle man is a native of New Yo rk, and has always resided here, so that he is one of the best authorities upon all matters affecting the metropol is, and esp ecially so, in regard to it s r eal e state, now the int erest of paramount Importance. Mr. Gordon early in life became an auctioneer, and for a period of u pwa rd s of twenty-five years, was actively engaged in the a u ction d ry good business. Subsequ ently he devoted hi s att entio n to th e sa le of real estate, household fu r n iture, and miscel la neous securities. Located as h is office is in the Trinity Building, it i s favorably situated for business purposes, adjoining the Exch ange w here the firm holds regular sales of real es tate, c omprising choice p arcels of resi dential and busines s property, and which are attended by leading c apit ali sts and inves t ors generally. Their sanagement of s ales is highly spoken of and g iv es great satisfaction. He i s an excellent auctioneer, tho roughly honorable and reliable in is methods, and owners will find him prepared to gu arantee pr ompt realizations at full values. In addition to auction sales, the firm has developed a fine real estate brokerage business, offering their accurate knowledge of values and localities to intending investors, who thus derive the benefit of their sound judgment and wide range of experience. They are always prepared to loan money on bond and mortgage at the lowest rates, and in every way consult the best interests of those with whom they have transactions. Mr. Gordon has witnessed the growth and development of this city throughout a lengthy period, and NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 99 ... ". I.. Ico NEW YOIIK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES of this city, and has paid particular attention during I t the last five years to vacant lots on the island, having a a a thorough knowledge of all owners of business, and o p now in the prime of life, can look back over a h creditable connection with the progress of its most lo important interests. He has been engaged in the real fi WtatQ bU5ines Upgn aim 9Wa coolUnt for the past n twenty years, and brings vast practical experience to o bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the best a residential and business sections of the metropolis. so He is thus peculiarly well qualified to afford judicious i and reliable advice to conservative investors, and has n ever maintained the confidence and esteem of our lead- e ing property owners, and the public generally. He has p carried through to a successful issue many heavy tran- c sactions, and his equitable straight-forward policy, t] justly renders him unusually popular. In the loan is, market, Mr. King is an influential representative of p many leading citizens, and has specially fine facilities f for negotiating loans to any amount on bond and mort- r gage, and at the lowest rates. As an agent for the renting of choice houses, fiats and business property, Mr. King has an extended connection. b H. Henriques,-The year 1884 will everbe one minemor- a able for the extreme depression that existed in the values ti of stocks, bonds and other securities,the result being that b supposed sources of steady income, were either cut off n altogether, or greatly reduced. As a bright contrast to i] such a condition of the stock market, we find that the a New York real estate market was buoyant and held its p own throughout, the income's derived therefrom r proving to conservative investors, that there is nothing s so satisfactory to hold as a permanent investment as i] metropolitan real estate, which, while stocks go down t is inclined to go up in value and which, in fact, it did to i the extent of several millions of dollars, as will be I demonstrated by reference to the report of the Board of y Assessment. This cheering condition of the New York n real estate'market is the result of several causes, but of a none more so than the honorable and enterprising r methods of our leading brokers in this line, who have c everpursued a conservative and straight forward course h and with the most satisfactory results. Prominent l among the oldest established and most influential of the real estate brokers of this city is Mr. Horatio Hen- t riques, of No. 62 Liberty Street, who since the year c 1853, has been actively engaged in business, and has c during the intervening period of thirty-two years l been noted for the satisfactory and prompt manner in which he executed all commissions. Mr. Henriques has witnessed the growth of the city from a time when the present most valuable uptown property could have been purchased for a few hundred dollars per lot; he s has effected investments in years gone by which owing | m to their having relied upon his sound judgment and t judicious advice laid the foundation of their fortunes, and what he did then, he is equally prepared to do to- day for our capitalists and investors. He numbers ] among his permanent customers many of our leading and wealthiest citizens. Mr. Henrique has during his careersatisfactorily disposedofmillions of dollars worth c of property, and hasin every case honorably discharged r every obligation to his numerous customers. Mr. Henri ques has long been a permanent resident of this great city, he has in no small measure aided its progress, and contributed to its welfare, and the above reference to his career in our midst will prove of direct interest and | value to our thousands of readers. Wmn. V. A. Mulhallon~ Real Estate and Loans, Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway.-Among lead ing real estate concerns is the well known and popu larhouse of Mr.Wm.V. A. Mulhallon, Washington Build- k ing, No. 1 Broadway, which was established in 1869 by I !-!, lhe present proprietor, who has since obtained a liberal nd influential patronage from many of our wealthy mroperty owners. Mr. Mulhallon is a gentleman of the ighe st standing, who has ma de a complet e study o f the aw of real estate, and can be engaged with implicit conidence in all matters pertaining thereto. He gives the host careful attention to the sale, exchange and letting f properties, collects rents and negotiates loans, and lso effects insurance to any amount in all the leading, olid and staunch insurance companies in the world,and s prompt and efficient as a general agent. He likewise nakes a specialty of the exclusive management of ~states, to which he attends with satisfaction to all }arties concerned, and under his able supervision and *lose personal attention has placed several in a horoughly thrifty and paying condition. The business X conducted on the enduring basis of equity, and Patrons will find their interests scrupulously and faithully attended to by entrusting their property to this esponsible and reliable real estate establishment. Wm. A. White & Sons, Real Estate Brokers and agents for estates, Nos. 407 and 409 Broadway with branch offices at the Boreel Building, for which they Lre the agents.-Never more, than at the present ime, have the real estate interests of the metropolis borne such a hopeful and satisfactory aspect, and never before have our conservative capitalists and investors so thoroughly realized the unequalled chartcter of choice New York property for investment purposes. Much of the strength of this market for realty and of its steady development is due to the conervative methods and untiring energy of the leadng firms identified with it, and prominent among he number is the old established house of Messrs. Wm. A. White & Sons, with headquarters at Nos. 407 and 409 Broadway. The business was founded about seventeen years ago, by the late Mr. William A. White, a gentleman whose wide range of experience, and intimate and accurate knowledge of present and prospective values rendered him a recognized authority in real estate ;ircles. The business has by the exercise of a wise and honorable policy, coupled with such an intimate knowledge of values, been developed to proportions df great magnitude, and Messrs. Augustus and Alfred L. White, the esteemed co-partners, well merit the large measure of substantial success which has attended their business career. They have had their main offices permanently located at Nos. 407 and 409 Broadway, being centrally situated as regards the most extensive and valuable sections of business property in the metropolis. Their connections are of the most superior character. They assume the entire charge of estates, collecting rents, securing responsible tenants, effecting repairs in the most judicious manner, and permanently maintaining all properties placed in their hands at the highest standard of productive efficiency. In the leasing and sale of business property, the firm has long held a leading position, and merchants can always hear irom them of the most eligible premises that are to be vacated. The firm are also agents for the letting of the best class of business offices, having entire charge of the Boreel Building, No. 115 Broadway,which is unquestionably the most conveniently arranged and best managed office building in the city, and is a general favorite with the commercial and financial public. Messrs. Augustus and Alfred L. White are natives of Boston, but permanent residents of this city, and have ever manifested a public spirited interest in promoting the welfare of thze metropolis, and securing to our property owners a sttll greater measure of prosperity, both as regards the iraprovement of their realty and increase of prospective values. Those who intrust their business to this well |known house may well feel assured of the wisdom of Itaking such a step. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 160 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 101 C. W. Hanks, Agent and Broker in Real Estate, No. 245 Broadway.-There is no financial iN terest of the great metropolis of more direct importance than that of real estate, and in the present depressed condition of the stock market choice metropolitan realty has assumed more importance than ever, as an assured source -of income, and with prospective increase in value. The magnitude of the trade in New York realty, and the incessant activity in the market, have enlisted the services of many of the most responsible and enterprising of New York's business men, and prominent among the number is Mr. C. W. Hanks, of No. 245 Broadway. He has been permanently established in business for the last twenty years as a real estate broker and agent, and has developed a trade of extended proportioms, including among his customers many of our leading capitalists and investors. He is a recognized authority as to present and prospective values, and those who have been guided by his consel vative judgment and intimate practical knowledge h making investment purchases have secured stead1 incomes and properties and in every way increasing valuable acquisitions. He has long made a specialty of the care and management of estates, and gives thein the closest attention, securing prompt and responsible tenants, effecting repairs in the most judicious manner, and generally maintaining all properties placed in his hands at the highest standard of productive efficiency. As a negotiator of loans on bond and mortgage Mr. Hanks has met with marked success. Mr. Hanks has ever given a public-spirited support to all measures best calculated to advance the permanent welfare and material interests of the market, and is known throughout our leading real estate and financial circles as a first class business man. D. M. Seaman, Auctioneer and Real Estate Broker, No. 2 Pine Street.-The New York real estate market has come to be recognized as the leading financial in terest of the metropolis, and which has a permanent solidity of a very satisfactory character in view of the steady shrinkage in railroad and other securities, in many cases coupled with absolute loss of income. In vestments in New York realty are thus more than ever sought for, and those who effect their purchases through the conservative and experienced agency of one of our leading brokers, will not only secure a permanent in come, but prospective increase of value. Among the prominent and old established auctioneers and brokers, who have contributed so largely to the development and prosperity of thie real estate market, is Mr. D. M. Seaman, of No. 2 Pine street, in a business as popular as he is generally respected tb hroughout leading financial circles. He is a native of this city, and early in life commenced the career in which he has achieved such success, entering the office of Mr. A. H. Muller, but has been actively engaged in business upon his own account for many years, as auctioneer and real estate broker, and brings not only vast practical experience to bear, but likewise an intimate knowledge of the respective merits of the various residential and business sections of the city, as a talented and popular auctioneer. Mr. Seaman's sales, from being bona fide offerings, are largely attended by leading capi talists and investors, and he has thus disposed prompt ly and to the best advantage of large parcels of realty, at auction, both under foreclosure and at the order of owners. As a real estate broker he possesses the most superior connections and ample facilit i es t o promptly buy or sell property of every description, and has carried through to a successful issue many heavy transactions. Mr. Seaman has everma!ifestedapublic spirit in the welfare of the community at large, and faithfully served for many years as an active member of the popular 7th Regiment, N. Y. S. M., and is now honorably retired as an exempt member of that military body, and is likewise a member of the Veteran Corps. Though a veteran in military service and as auctioneer, Mr.Seaman is a gentleman still in the early prime of manhood,and has earned the confidence and esteem of the entireconrwunity. Heisregardedasoneofthe bestjudges of the values of city property, and has been frequently called upon by the courts and private parties as an expert to officially appraise pieces of realty. Noted for his honorable methods and sterling integrity, Mr. Seaman is a thorough-going exponent of those'great cardinal principles upon which the New York real estate is so permanently founded, and well merits the large measure of success attained through his active and enterprising career. Thomas Egan, Mortgages, No. 135 Broadway.Prominent among the most deservedly respected members of the real estate fraternity, is Mr. Thomas Egan, of No. 135 Broadway, who has made a specialty of the negotiation of loans on bond and mortgage, and is justly popular with property owners, who are in need of financial assistance, and has peculiar4acilities for promptly loaning money in sums to suit at lowest rates. Mr. Egan is recognized as an excellent authority as regards present and prospective values of residential and business property in New York, and Brooklyn, and investors can in every case rely upon his sound judgment and judicious advice in making purchases, which will not only afford a sure income, but likewise prospective increase of value. He was for a number of years in the Boreel Building, removing thence to bis present eligible and central premises, No. 135 Broadway, convenient alike to his fellow brokers, and the principal financial institutions. Personally Mr. Egan is a pleasant man to deal with, a fact that has rendered him highly popular. Louis Beer, Real Estate Broke r and Insurance Agent, Notary Public; Nos. 79 and 81 Cedar Street. Among those who now occupy a leading position in the real estate and insurance business, and whose famili arity with the metropolis, and ability and knowledge in these transactions have eminently fitted them for this profession, is the reliable and old established house of Mr. Louis Beer, Nos. 79 and 81 Cedar street. This establishment was founded by the present pro prietor in 1867, and since that period has always enjoyed a permanent and influential patronage from many of our wealthy property investors. Mr. Beer gives careful attention to the sale, exchange, pur chase and letting of properties, and to the collect ing of rents, and also negotiates loans and effects insurance in all the leading, solid and influential com panies of Europe and America, and is prompt and efficient as a general agent. The rapid development and growth of the real estate market of New York, and the greatly increased values of choice property, renders the financial interests involved of paramount impor tance to the community. No form of investment has become so popular with investors as carefully selected real estate, for not only is a permanent source of inicome assured, but also there is a reasonable probability of prospective increase in values, especially when patrons consult such reliable brokers as Mr. Louis Beer, who has a complete knowledge of the values of residential and business property in all sections of New York and Brooklyn. Mr. Beer makes a specialty of lending money on bond and mortgage, and forecloses mortgages when directed by clients in the most efficient manner. Helikewise nrocures United States vassports, andhas had many years' experience as an undei writer, and his knowledge as to those matters is such as to make him a very acceptable and faiti) fal broker to place one's -property with. Personally, Mr. Beer is a native of Germany, but has resided in thle Up-tedl States for the last quarter of a century. NEW YORKIS LEA-DING INDUSTRIES. 101 I 10 E OKSLADN NUTIS greatly appreciated by property owners desiring financial assistance. Mr. Mesier enjoys the confidence and esteem of the commercial public in a very marked degree. W. H. Streeter, No. 62 Liberty Street, Real Estate. -The late course of events in the financial world has fully demonstrated that there is no form of investment so safe and with such sure returns in the long run as Real Estate. Especially is this the case with regard to the realty of the great empire city of New York, the total value of which has attained almost fabulous proportions. Prudent and judicious investments in New York real estate are more than ever popular now, and the market presents a strong contrast to that of stocks. In the pages of this historical review it is the aim and intention to give accurate reference to all who have largely contributed to the activity and development of New York's real estate market, and directly to the prosperity of the community at large, and prominent among the number is Mr. William H. Streeter, of No. 52 Liberty street. Mr. Streeter is a Western man, who was successful in his business ventures and in 1873 permanently removed to this city, where he has since been actively identified with the real estate market. Mr. Streeter is recognized as a successful operator upon his own account, and as one whose sound judgment and accurate knowledge of present and prospective values has enabled him to make a series of investments, which have not only been renumerative as regards assured income, but have proved of rapidly enhancing value. Few if any have purchased upon their own individual account within the last five years more buildings than Mr. Streeter, aud he is to-day one of the soundest authorities on New York realty that can be consulted. He is spoken of in our leading circles as a capital judge of the values of property, and being a keen operator, he has greatly aidedI in infusing activity into th e market, and thereby produced generally beneficial results. Personally, Mr. Streeter is generally popular, a thoroughly honorable business man, prompt and reliable, and is worthy of the large measure of success which has attended his well directed'efforts. Lewis &I Harris, Real Estate, Nos. 7 and 9 Warren Street.-The rea l estate interests of Ne w York have lately assumed proportions of the greatest magnitude, and unques tionably represent one of the most important features o financial security and stre ng th in the m etropolis. No form of investment has become so popular with the conservative public as judiciously selected re al e state, for not only is a pe r mane nt source of in come assured, but there is a reasonable c ertainty of prospective increase in value. Much depends, h owever, on the choice of eligibly situat ed and strictly f irst-class property, while there is no [safeguard better than that of the sound judgment and p ractical experience of one of our reliable and r esponsible real estate houses. Prominent among the leading and po pula r hous es engaged in the real estate business, is th at of Messrs. Lewis & Harris, Nos. 7 and 9 Warren street, which was established by 1Mr. Lewis in 1876, and was continued by him till 1879, when a co-partnership was f or med with Mr. yarris, the firm bein g kno wn by the style and title of Lewis & Harris. Both co-partners bring great pr.ac tical experien ce to bear, ad an intimate kn owled ge of the value o f rea l es tate in every section of t he metropolis and its vicinity. They have established connections of a strictly first-class character, being commissioned by man y of our wealthy capitalists and property owners to effect th e disposal of cho ice aven ue and ot her improved properties. The y possess ample facilities for conducting all operations under the most favorable auspices, and are always e nabl ed t o offer in vestors a choice from a long lis t o f eligible properties. Mr. Lewis having been connected with a prominent a rchitect and( builder i n this city for several years gives him a knowledge in the i equality of mate rial used a n d onstruction of a building from cella r to roof. Their reputation as judges r o sec ie ues of prospetive values has ca used the H frm t o be frequently c a l led upo n to act officially,and for p rivate individuals a as appraisers of every des cri ption of realty. The y carry on an extensi ve business in buying, sell in g and renting, and effect loa ns on bonds:and mor tgages on easy terms, and make the entire management of estates a specialty. The individual members of thisfirn~ are Messrs. Lewis Lewis and Thomas W. Harris, who are both natives of N e w York, an d are highly esteemed by the financial wor ld for their inflexible integrity, an( justly merit the success attained by their ability all( energy. John W. Fielder, Real Estate, No. 32 Liberty Street.-For nearly thirty years this well-known real estate man has conducted a flourishing business in the fhe buying and selling of property throughout New York city and the suburban districts. Mr. Fielder es tablished this house in 1846, and transacts every branclh of real estate business, buying, selling and exchang ing, loaning money on bond and mortgage, while he makes a specialty of erecting mansions and dwellings, several of which were built on Madison and Fifth. avenues, near 34th street, and were sold for $60,0 0 each. At the present time Mr. Fielder is largely inter ested in property at Richmond Hill, L. I. Richmond Hill is a vllage and railroad station eight miles, fifteen minutes eastward from Hunter's Point, wviih post office, telegraph, and various public buildings. It is the prettiest village without exception on the railroad, and is equally available for winter and suir. mer residence. Mr. Fielder offers several new send elegant cottages in this village for sale at prices rsugIing from $5,000 to $12,500. Mr. Fieldet is a natlve o! ~Newf Jersey, and is held in the highest estimatl~ fcr his excellent business qualities and inflexible lntogxit~. Potte r Brothers, R eal Estate, No. 32 Liberty Street. -Prudent and judicious investments in New York property, are very popular at the present time, and the re al estate market presents a striking contrast to that of stocks-and bonds. In connection with these remarks special attention is directed to the reliable house of Messrs. Potter Brothers, which was established in 1861, and in consequence of the death of one of the partners, is now carried on by Mr. Joseph J. Potter. He controls every branch of the real estate business, buying, selling, exchanging and renting real property, loaning money on bond and mortgage. His practical knowledge of values of improved and unimproved properties in New York is unexcelled. Personally Mr. Potter is a native of New York, and is held in the highest estimation by the community, for his excellent business qualities and strict integrity, and has always identified himself with any movement or project, that has been brought forward for the good and welfare of his fellow citizens. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 102 Louis Mester, Auctioneer and Real Fstate Broker, No. 1 Pine Street-Prominent amoni the leading auctioneers and brokers, closely identified with the city's material development, is Mr. Louis Mesier, whose offices are so eligibly and centrally located on the first floor of No. 1 Pine Street. Mr. Mesier since his establishment In business ten years ago, has formed connections of the most superior character, and has developed a large and permanent trade in all branches of the business. He Is very popular, as an auctioneer, and his facilities have enabled him to promptly rent every description of furnished and unfurnished houses, and flats, and he also takes the entire care and management of estates. As a negotiator of loans on bond and mortgage, his honorable methods and liberal policy, are NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 103 Edwin A. Studwell, Real Estate and Loans, 32 Liberty Street.-The real estate interests of the great metropolis have attained proportions of such magnitude as to enlist the services of many of our most talented and enterprising business men. Prominent among the number is Mr. Edwin A. Studwell, who has been per manently established in business for eighteen years past, and has developed a connection of the most superior character, including among his customers, many of our leading capitalists and operators in realty. Mr. Stud well deals in land and improved farms and plantations throughout the country at large, making a specialty of the choicest Florida property. In city and suburban realty he is an excellent authority, and always has in his books, descriptions of the choicest properties in the market, so varied as to location, price, size and terms as to suit the requirements of every investor. Mr. Studwell is the esteemed president and managing director of the Florida Improvement Company, which was incorporated in 1869, and is now doing one of the most extensive businesses of the kind in the south. President Studwell is ably assiste d in the discharge of h is responsible duties by a board of trustee s, who are all capable busi ness men of superior executive abilities. The corporation has all the neccessary capital and f acilities to place thousands of deserving people on fert il e farms in the South. For twelve ye ars Mr. Studwell had his office in No. 34 Park Row, subsequently removing to his present eligible and central premises at No. 32 Li berty street. His name is highly respected thro ughout financial circles, a nd he fully merits the large measure of success which h as atte nded his honorable aind well directed efforts in all his business pursuits. Benner & Zeller, Real Estate Brokers,79 and 81Cedar Street.-One of the most active and enterprising and most reliable firms indentified with the real estate and financial circles of the metropolis is that of Messrs. Benner & Zeller,of Nos. 79 and 81 Cedar street. This irm carried through to a successful issue many important transactions, and their sterling enterprise and conservative methods are well illustrated in the organization and permanent success of the Co-operative Real Estate Association, which has entered upon a wide field of usefulness, under the direct and able management of Mr. Benner. Mr. Benner is a native of this city, a hard worker, possessed of superior executive abilities, and an intimate knowledge of the wants of the public. Mr. Zeller is a native of Wurtumburg, a graduate of Columbia Law School, well versed in the statutes affecting reality, a commissioner of deeds and an experienced business man. Both co-partners are still in the early prime of life and one highly popular in the business circles of the metropolis. Jeremiah Pangburn, Broker in Real Estate, Bank and Insurance Stocks, No. 71 Bro a dw ay.-Much of the rapid development noticed in eligibl e me tropolitan real - ty is due to the ho norable and conservative methods of our leading brokers, who have not sought to create inflated values, but rather to retain the market upon the firm basis of actu al wo rth as regard s inco me-producing capacity. Prominent among the oldest established and most influential brok ers in the mark et is Mr. Jeremiah Pangburn of No. 71 Broadway. Mr. Pangburn brings vast practical experience to bear as a broker in city r eal estate, and choice bank and h insurance stock. T he bu siness was founded upwards of 30 years ago, and the office was for many years located at Nos. 117 and 119 Broadway, the premises eventually some six years ago being ch ange d t o t h e present eligible, unusually central location at No. 71 Broadway. Mr. Pangburn is a recognized authority as to real estate values. He numbers among his permanent cust omers m any o f our leading capitalists and investors, and has carried to a successful issue transactions of great magnitude. As a broker In bank and insurance stock, Mr. Pangburn has achieved the highest of reputations, and has during his active career disposed of millions of dollars worth of the choicest investment securities. He is an influential and public spirited member of financial circles, and has in many ways contributed largely to the city's material advancement. He is a director of the popular West Side Savings Bank, while he is also an esteemed member of the New York Consolidated Petroleum Exchange. A native of this city, Mr. Pangburn has ever retained an honored connection with its best interests, while his conservative lousiness policy, and honorable methods have ever retained for him the confidence of the commercial and financial public. E. M. Ma son, Real Estate, No. 21 Park Row.-For several years after the last great financial crisis in 1872 hardly anything was so du ll in Ne w York as real estate, and this cond ition of affairs lasted so long that many thought that they would not live to see th e time when property wo ul d command old prices again. Real estate own i s in the ascendanc y, and in consequence of the great depression of the stock market, commands fabu lous pic e s. A prominent and old established house engaged in the real estat e b usines s is that of Mr. E. M. Mason, No. 21 Park Row, which we k as established by the p resen t pro prie tor in 1852. Mr. Mason transacts every branch of the real estate basiness, buying, selling, ex changing and renting property, loaning money on b ond and m ortgage, while he makes a specialty of appraising hind tak ing entire char ge of estates. His practical and intimate knowledg e of values of improved and unimproved property acquired by an active ex perience of thirty-three years is unexcelled in the city. Up to within a year Mr. Mason waspre o the appraiser for the Equita ble Life Assurance Company, a position which owing to ill health he was compelled to resign. He will be found p r omp t, liberal and enterprising, always anxious for th e interests of patrons, and prepared to offer advantages in keeping with such an honorable reputation. Hie is a native of New York and highly esteemed in financial life for his thorough bu siness qualities, while to his hoss of private friends his geniality of temperament and strict honor are proverbial, aid he justly merits the success attained by his ability, energy and perseverance. T. B. Robertson, Real Estate Agent and Broker, No. 1539 Broadway, between 45th and 46th Streets.Pays particular attention to the selling, renting and general care of real estate, supervising alterations and repairs, payment of taxes, interest, &c., for non-resident owners, and will furnish security for faithful performance of his duties which an experience of some eight years will enable him to do. Gustavus Baylies, Real Estate Agency, No. 7 Murray Street.-Amon g th e well-known real estate agents of New Y o rk is Mr. Gustavus Baylies, No. 7 Murray street. Mr. Baylies founded his business in 1860, and was formerly located in Pine street, but removed to his present address some years ago, and was the first real estate man to remove into this section of the city. As to the actual values and eligibility of property in the down town sections of the city, Mr. Baylies is a recognized authority. He makes a specialty of the business of taking charge of estates, collecting rents, obtaining good tenants, effecting loans on bond and mortgage at lowest rates. Mr. Baylies possesses ample facilities for writing policies of insurance in our most substantial companies, having twenty-four years experience in the business. He is a native of New York State, and is greatly respected by the community for the many excellent qualities and sterling rectitude, which he always displays throughout his business career. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 103 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Charles Appleby, Real Estate, Nos. 836 Pearl and 67 Wall Streets.-Prominent among our principal propertyagents is Mr. Charles Appleby, who se offices at Nos. 336 Pearl and 67 Wall streets, ar e noted as cen tral points for news as to the state of the market and for securing particulars of el igible properties offered for sale or lease. This business was founded by the present proprietor in 1867, and since its inception at that date, Mr. Apple by has built up a permanent and influential patronage for many wealthy p roperty owners and leading investors. He transacts every branch of the real estate business, buying, selling and renting property and loaning money on bond and mortgage, while he makes a specialty of taking entire charge of estates. Mr. Appleby is a notary public, having made a complete study of the law of real estate, and can be employed and consulted with implicit confidence in all matters pertaining thereto. His practical and intimate knowledge of values of improved and unimproved properties is unexcelled in the metropolis, and Mr. Appleby keeps at all times on his books all classes of eligible property, houses, stores, lots, singly or in blocks. He enjoys the fullest confidence of capitalists and landowners, and is constantly handling and placing large sums of money in mortgages and other securities. Mr. Appleby, who is a native of New York, entered in'62, in his eighteenth year, the New York State militia as a. private; became first lieutenant in Co. I, Third Regiment U. S. V., afterwards known as Eightieth U. S. Colored Infantry; was promoted to be captain in 1864, breveted major May 21st, 1866, and mustered out March 1st, 1867. He was wounded in action August 4th,'63, and was elected Commander Post, of Marshall, Texas, in 1866-67. John Siegel, Real Estate Agent and Broker, No. 79 Cedar Street.-Prominent among the old established and reliable real estate brokers of the city, is Mr. John Siegel, No. 79 Cedar street, who established this business in 1867. Mr. Siegel has long been an authority onI the present and prospective values of New York and Brooklyn properties, and has carried through many of the largest transactions in choice parcels and is a vely popular broker. He undertakes the entire management of estates, and has in every way given unqualified satisfaction to those who have entrusted him with the charge of their property. Mr. J. Seigel buys, sells and exchanges all classes of real estate and always has choice properties on his books, both in houses and lots in all sections of the city. He effects loans on bond and mortgage. Mr. Siegel is a native of Pennsylvania, and has built up not only a large patronage, but the highest reputation in the mercantile circles of the metropolis, as a thorough business man, and is worthy of the success which has attended his well directed exertions. Horace F. Ayers, Real Estate Broker, No. 140 Nassau Street, Morse Building.-New York has no financial interests of greater importance than that of real estate and at the present time when the securities of the stock market are so depressed, the investing public has directed its attention to city property. In real estate capital is absolutely secure, and if judicious purchases are made, not only is a steady income assured, but likewise in consequence of the rapid increase of wealth and population the value of property is constantly advancing. Prominent among the most active and popular houses which have so greatly aided in the development of the New York Real Estate Market, is that of Mr. Horace F. Ayers, No. 140 Nassau street, who is the successor of Ayers & Taintor, a firm which, since its foundation in 1881, has retained the esteem and confidence of the financial community. Mr. H. F. Ayers has had a wide range of practical experience, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the merits and values of the various residential and business sections of the metropolis. For many years he was in business in New Jersey, and is considered an authority on property in the neighboring state. He transacts a general real estate business,buying, selling and renting, and has connections of the most superior character, and undertakes the management of all kinds of property, lofts, offices and stores. He makes a specialty of New Jersey business, and as appraiser, his accurate estimates of values cause him to be frequently selected to act on behalf of the courts as well as for private individuals. He gives special attention to New York tenement property and is a successful collector. Mr. Ayers has given a hearty support to all measuresbest calculated to advance and promote the permanent and material well fare of this great centre. Enterprise and energy have marked the career of this house in the past, and give every promise of long continued prosperity. Bernard S. L1-evy, Real Estate, No. 137 Broadway -Prominent among the number of the most active and enterprising members of the real estate fraternity is Mr. Bernard S. Levy, o6No. 137 Broadway. He has long been a permanent resident of the city, ever retaining the esteem and confidence of the entire community,End he has for many years been identified with the most active fields of the real estate market. Mr. Levy is noted for his practical experience, and intimate knowledge of the respective advantages and disabilities of the leading residential and business sections, and as to the present and prospective values of improved and unimproved properties. He always has in his office accurate'descriptions of the choicest and most eligible properties offered for sale, while his connections are of a strictly first class character including many of the best known speculative operators and conservative investors among his permanent patrons. Mr. Levy has during recent years carried through some of the most extensive sales that have been recorded, and is highly spoken of throughout financial circles generally. He also has special facilities for the negotiation of bonds and mortgages upon the most favorable terms, and has likewise built up the highest of reputations for his able and conservative management of estates. Securing, as he does, the most responsible class of tenants, the incomes are always sure, while he effects repairs in the most judicious manner, and keeps the properties placed in his care up to the highest standard of productive efficiency. Mr. Levy is as popular and respected socially as he is in business circles, and has ever maintained a public spirited interest in all matters affecting the permanent welfare and prosperity of the metropolis. He is an active member of the board of managers of several of the city's benevolent institutions, contributing lberally to charitable causes. 104 Wm. S. Anderson, Real Estate, No. 185 East 73rd Street.-Prominent among the active and enterprising members of real estate circles in thiseity, is Mr. William S. Anderson of No. 185 East 73rd street. He established in business as a real estate agent and broker about six years ago, and has during the intervening period built up a large and permanent trade. Mr. Anderson is a recognized authority as regards New York real estate. He has made a specialty of the renting, and general care of property, looking carefully after itspreservatioll and repair, securing responsible and eligible tenants, making collections, and in every way promoting the ownerslbestinterests. Mr.Andersonhasalsoespecially fine facilities for the placing of Insurance risks at lowest rates with undoubted, and responsible companies. He likewise promptly negotiates loans on bond and mortgage at low rates. An energetic business maD, Mr. Anderson has ever been noted in financial circles. for his honorable methods and sterling integrity. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 105 Ing descriptions, actual and prospective values, and Encumbrances thereon (if any) coupled with full infor mation as to titles and the origin thereof. Wise in vestments in both city real estate and lands have been the sure basis of many a fortune, and we kno w o f no one better qualified to conserve the best interests of his patrons than Mr. Freeman, enjoying as he does the highest of reputations for sound business principles, strictly honorable dealings and full ability to pronaptly carry out any undertaking in which he may engage. Charles A. Hunter, Real Estate, No. 176 Broadway. -The record of the leading members of New York's real estate circles is one of a thoroughly honorable and creditable character, and the steady increase in values and in popularity among investors shows what al important financial interest New York realty has become. It is thus a matter of great interest to the general public to obtain accurate facts in regard to the representative brokers of the city. Prominent among the number is Mr. Charles A. Hunter of No. 176 Broad way, who has been actively engaged in the real estate brokerage business since the year 1869, and during the intervening period has developed an en tensive trade and a wide-spread connection, includ ing among his permanent customers many of our lead ing capitalists and investors. Mr. Hunter is a recognized authority in regard to values of residential and busi ness property throughout the city and in the neighbor ing towns. He has brought to a sucessful issue many important transactions-several of great magnitude, and intending investors who rely upon his sound judg ment and judicious advice in purchasing property will secure not only a steady income but likewise a pros pective increase of value. Mr. Hunter has long made a prominent specialty of negotiating loans on bonds and mortgages, and is very popular with those property owners in need of financial assistance, as his policy is a liberal one, and his methods of the most honorable character. Both in the line of city and country prop erty, Mr. Hunter has facilities for the purchase, sale and lease of all descriptions of houses, flats and busi ness property, and those in search of something that will suit them are sure to lind it in the large variety offered by him from which to select,and which represent values to suit every investor, from the man of moder ate means who wants a home, up to the capitalist who seeks a productive outlet for surplus resources. J. Hamilton MorrellH Real Estate and Loans, No. 29 Park Row (Opposite Post Ofce).-The secure market offered to the public by the real estate of the metropolis, both for speculative and investment purposes, has been duly appreciated, and both buyers and sellers realize that their investments when judiciously placed are absolutely secure. To certainly attain the greatest measure of security and the best results, the services of an experienced broker are always necessary, and promi nent among the number is Mr. J. Hamilton Morrell, of No. 29 Park Row. Mr. Morrell has now been estab lished In the business in the West and in New York for the last thirteen years, and has brought to bear the widest range of practical experience, coupled with an intimate personal knowledge of the advantages of the best residential and business sections of the metropolis and its suburbs. The advice of his brother, who has been a dealer in New York real estate for a quarter of a century, is also valuable. He was formerly a merchant, being a member of the firm of Wmn. El. Morrell & Co., of Warren street, and Park Place, and possesses a wide circle of acquaintances among our. leading busies ness men. In addition to making a specialty of securing building loans, Mr. Morrell also acts as a manager of estates; taking entire charge, securing reliable tenants, making all repairs, and securing for each property the highest productive state of efl~cleney. Seton & Co., Real Estate and Insurance, No. 79 Cedar ,Street.-There is no financial interest of the metropolis that approaches that of real estate in importance, and now during the era of depressed values of stocks and bonds, choice city realty is in increased demand. Among the active and enterprising firms, who have contributed in no small degree to the development and strengthening of the market for New York realty is that of Messrs. Seton & Co., of No. 79 Cedar street. The business was established in 1879, and has had a con tinuous and steadily enlarging field of usefulness to date. The co-partners are Messrs. Alfred Seton, Jr., John C. Furman, and F. De R. Wissman, all gentleman of the highest standing in the business world, who bring vast practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the various residential and business sections of the city, while their connections are of the most superior character, including among their customers, as they do, many of our leading capital ists and investors. They transact a general real estate business, buying, selling, and renting, and investors can rely upon their sound judgment and accurate knowledge of values in making purchases of improved property that will not only afford a steady income but a prospective increase of value in time to come. The firm is also prepared to place insurance risks with leading responsible companies at the low est rates, making special terms for eligibly located residential property. They likewise negotiate loans on bond and mortgage, and generally transact every branch of the real estate business. All three mem bers of the firm are natives of this city, permanent. ly identified with its progress, and have ever retain cd the confidence of the entire community. Their meth ods are straightforward and honorable, and the volume of their business is steadily enlarging. J. C. Freeman, Real Estate, &c., No.137 Broadway. -The metropolis, as the great financial centre of the country at large, has long held the lead in every branch nf business activity, and paramount in importance is that of real estate, both as regards the metropolitan and out of town markets. The representative members ,)f the brokerage fraternity thus engaged have long *eld a position of influence and honor in the commer cial circles of the city, and Mng to bear the highest rder of talent, coupled with abundance of enterprise and energy. Prominent among the number thus refer. red to is Mr. J. C. Freeman, whose office Is so eligibly and centrally located at No. 137 Broadway. Mr. Freeman Is a native of the State of Maine, long a permanent and universally esteemed resident of this city, and who about twenty years ago established himself as a dealer in city real estate, bonds and mortgages, and Southern and Western lands. During the lengthy intervening period, he has won a measure of popularity, confidence and respect in the commercial metropolis of this country second to no others in the same line. His knowledge of New York realty is unsurpassed for its accuracy and thoroughness, and investors can in all cases rely upon his sound judgment and ample knowledge. He has upon his books descriptions of eligible propertles at bargain prices, in any section of the city desired, and has carried through many transactions of magnitude. His connections are strictly first-class, including many of our leading capitalists and investors, and property owners desirous of promptly realizing can do so ina almost all cases through Mr. Freeman. He has also long made a specialty of negotiating loans on bonds and mortgages, and in the purchase of the same on commission. No one is better qualified than he to give entire satisfaction in this important branch of the business, and he has developed a large annual volume of trade. As a dealer in Southern and Western lands, Mr. Freeman is noted far and wide for thereliability attend NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 105 1 106 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES.~~~~~~~~~~~ Horace Winans, Real Estate Offices, No. 137 Broadway.-Prominent among the leading real estate men of the city is Mr. Horace Winans, whose offices at No. 137 Broadway, are noted as a central point for news'as to the state of the market, and for securing particulars of eligible properties offered for sale or to lease. Mr. Winans is an old resident of the metropolis, and has been actively identified with the real estate market of this city since the year 1857, when he first began his business. During the intervening period, he hao developed a trade of extended magnitude and importance, his connections being of a strictly first-class character, including among his customers as he does many of the wealthiest and most representative citizens of New York. Mr. Winans transacts a general real estate business, and. is noted for his intimate and accurate knowledge of present and prospective values, and of the advantages and disabilities of the surroundings to properties disposed of through his agency. He offers unsurpassed opportunities to all classes of investors, who have in the past met with the most satisfactory results in following advice based upon his sound judgment and practical experience. As an appraiser of improved and unimproved real estate, Mr. Winans has built up the highest of reputations, and his services are very frequently called upon. During Mr. Winan's business career he has carried through transactions for many of the most prominent capitalists and citizens, among whom may be mentioned such representative men as Mr. David Dow, Mr. Francis B. Cutting, the late Mr.Alexander T. Stewart, Mr. Pierre Lorillard, Mr. William H. Vanderbilt, Mr. Edwin Hoyt, &c., &c. Further comment in this connection is entirely superfluous; suffice it to say thathe is spokenof in the highest terms throughout real estate circles, and is considered to be one of the most reliable experts in appraising the true value of properties. In addition to the negotiation of loans upon the most favorable terms, Mr. Winans also undertakes the entire charge of estates, securing the most responsible tenants, effecting all repairs in the most judicious manner, and in every way maintaining all properties placed under his care at the highest standard of productive efficiency. Jamt,s N. Wells, Real Estate, No. 191 Ninth Avenue. -Amonig the old-established andwell-knownreal estate agents of the metropolis is Mr. Jas. N. Wells, whose office is at No. 191 Ninth avenue. He has been actively engaged in this business for the past forty-three years, and during that time has had the management of some of our largest city estates, and in every case has discharged his trust in the most satisfactory manner. Mr. Wells makes a specialty of the entire management of estates, for which he has ample facilities. That he enjoys the confidence of our leading property owners, is evidenced by the large number of private dwellings, apartment houses and stores of which he has charge. He collects rents, and looks after the payment of taxes. By years of energetic work, coupled wita honorable, straight-forward business methods, he has built up a large and influential patronage, and deserves the success he has attained. He has always taken ah active interest in every movement that had for its obj ect the welfare and advancement of his f ellow-citizens. a nulbert Peck, Real Estate and I nsura nc e Broker, 1~o. 268 West 34th Street. —A prominent house engaged in this enterprise is that of M~r. Hulbert Peck, No. 268 West 34th street, which was established by the present proprietor m 1868, and eventually, in consequence of a rapidly increasing patronage, was removed to its present eligible location. He conducts a very extensive real estate business, buying, selling and leasing propexiles, as well as collecting rents, furnishing tax and title searches, transacting loans and general conveyancing. Mir. Peck is a notary public and commt~sioner George W: Stake, Loans and Real Estate, Insurance, &c., No. 150 Bro adway, Roo m 2.-The sense of security inherent to eligibly situated or impro ve d r ea l estate is no where so marked as in the great metropoli - tan twin cities of New York a nd Brooklyn. Eage rly sought for as a permanent and remunerative form of investment, it likewise forms the most acce ptable form of security for loans, and in the a bove t wo c iti es, the amo unt of money thus usefully employed must have attained stupendous proportions. It ha s nec essarily enlisted the services of many of our most talented business men, in the work of securing and carefully placing thes e loans, and prominent among the number is Mr. Geo r ge W. Stake, of No. 150 Bro a dway. He began in the real estate and loan business in 1874, and brings vast practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of present and prospective values in New York city, Brooklyn, and Staten Island. He has from the start made a specialty of loans, in conjunction with carrying on a general real estate business, and is prepared with superior facilities, to promptly loan money on bond and mortgage, at 4% to 6 per cent, on New York and Brooklyn property. Mr. Stake's sterling honor and integrity, and his equitable methods are widely known throughout the community, and he has developed a very large and permanent business. To those who have not had dealings with Mr. Stake, it may be said that he refers to such responsible houses as those of Messrs. E. Remington & Sons,Chas. A. Herpich & Co.,M.Von Keller & Co., L. De Jonge & Co., and Oliver F. Berry, the cashierof the Tradesman's National Bank, etc. Mr. Stake's superior connections also enable him to place risks at the lowest rates with our most responsible fire insurance companies. In every transaction Mr. Stake will be found prompt and reliable, and he is universally respected. He is a resident of Staten Island, where he is popularly known as an upright citizen, and one who fully merits a large measure of success. Chas. S. Peck, Real Estate, No. 40 West 30th Street. -Prominent among the leading and successful real estate agents of the,etropolis is Mr. Chas. S. Peck, whose office is at No. 40 West 30th Street. With a thorough knowledge of the business gained by many years experience, he adds a familiarity with the legal requisites for the proper transaction of all matters pertaining thereto. He has been established since 1866, during which time he has had the management of some very extensive city properties. He buys, sills and, rents real estate, attends to the collection of rents, pay. ment of taxes, and obtains insurance in the most desir. able companies. Estates placed wholly in his hands are faithfully and judiciously managed to the entire satisfaction of owners and occupants. Mr. Peck is a gentleman of unusual ability and qualifications for the business he conducts. NEW YORITlg LEADING IlqDUSTRIES. 106 of. deeds, and makes a specialty of the 3ale and exchange of country property. By the careful and prompt manner in which his affairs are conducted in all departments, his establishment has kept pace with the growth of the metropolis, until now Its operations are widely extended, and its reputation firmly established. Mr. Peck is a gentleman of the highest standIng and ability, who has made a complete study of the real estate and Insurance business, and can be engaged with perfect confidence In all matters pertaining thereto. Insurance on all classes of property are effected promptly in the most reliaole, s6lid hoipe and foreign companies, and those interested in foaning business relations with him will find their interests carefully guarded and protected. The characteristics that regulate the business policy of this house are such as to entitle It to the greatest consideration and esteem, and the extent of its operations have made It a leading one in the city. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 107 John B. Pierce, Real Estate and Insurance, No. 145 Broadway-Mr. Pierce has been established in busi ness for many years as a broker in real estate and in surance, and has developed a large and permanent trade of a strictly first-claw character, bringing practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the merits of the various residential and business sections of the city. Mr. Pierce can be relied upon by the investing public to afford them judicious advice, and the benefit of his sound judgment in effecting purchases that will not only afford a steady income, but likewise almost a certainty of increased value in the near future. His connections are of a superior character, including, as he does, many of our leading capitalists, merchants and operators among his permanent customers,and he has carried through to a successful issue many heavy transactions. Mr. Pierce makes a specialty of the care and management of estates, and has met with a high degree of success in this line, resulting in his having a number of important. estates in charge. He secures responsible tenants, effects repairs in the most judicious manner, and in every way maintains all properties placed in his hands at the highest standard of efficiency. Mr. Pierce is very popular in insurance circles, and has in connection with his real estate business developed an extensive insurance patronage, having splendid facilities for the placing of risks with our best companies at lowest rates, and especially so in the case of well located residential property. Walter Ogden, Real Estate, No. 42 Pine Street.Prominent among the old established and reliable real estate brokers of the city is Mr. Walter Ogden, No. 42 Pine street, who established this business in 1868. Mr. Ogden has long been an excellent authority on the present and prospective values of New York properties and has carried through many of the largest transactions. He buys, sells and exchanges real estate and has always choice properties on his books both in houses, stores and lots, in all sections of the city. Mr. Ogden negotiates promptly loans on bond and mortgage and possesses every facility for conducting all operations under the most favorable auspices and is always prepared to grant his clients every possible advantage. Personally, Mr. Ogden is a native of New York and is widely known and very popular in real estate circles, where he enjoys the consideration and esteem of all with whom he has formed business relations, in consequence of his inflexible integrity and executive ability. This house is commended toproperty investors, as one with which to enter satisfactorily into business relations, assuring those Interested that they will receive that liberal and just treatment which has ever characterized its operations from its inception. A. M. Johnson & Bro., Real Est a te, No. 83 Cedar Street.-The development of the real estate interest has been greatly aided by the honorable methods of our leading brokers, and prominent among their number is the well-known firm of Messrs. A. M. Johnson & Bro., No. 83 Cedar street, which was established in 1872. The firm does a large business loaning money on bond and mortgage. They enjoy the fullest confidence of capitalists and landowners, and are constantly handling and placing large sums of money in mortgages, ground rents and other securities. The individual members of this co-partnership, Messrs. A. M. and J. E. Johnson are held in the highest estimation in~mercantile life, for their excellent business ability and strict integrity. They have made a complete study of the law of real estate, and can be engaged and consulted in all matters pertaining thereto with the greatest confidence by investors and capitalists. Mr. A. M. Johnson after having received a thorough legal education, graduated with credit at Columbia College in 1877. The members of the firm are among the ablest real estate brokers in the metropolis. Knowing New York thoroughly, and having the best classes of property owners as their permanent customers, Messrs. Johnson & Brother's prospects in the near future are of the most favorable character. W. Livingston Hameroley,Auctioneer,Real Estate, and Insurance Broker, No. 5% Pine Street.-Prominent and respected throughout New York real estate and financial circles, Mr. W. Livingston Hamersley has within the comparatively brief period of five years, built up an extensive and g rowing trade as an auc tioneer and real estate and insurance broker. Mr. Hamersley, i s a native of this city, still in the early prime of manhood, and has g ained a high reputatio n as a talent ed and practica l bu sine ss m an. As an s a experienced and popular auction eer Mr. Hamersley has bec ome widely known to New York aud ience s, and his sales of real estate, stocks and bonds at the Exchange Salesroom, No. 111 Broadway, are always largely at. tended by capitalists and conservative investors. Mr. Hamersley' s connections a re of a superior character, includ ing, as he doe s,many of our leading citizens among his pernpanent customers, while his facilities fo r t h e prompt disposal of property at satisfactory prices are unsurpassed. He lik ewis e attends to the auction sale of furniture and personal property, either on' Change, or on private pre mises, at t he op t ion of owners, and faithfully serves the best int erests of his numerous patrons. As an active and enterprising real estate broker, Mr. Hamersley has developed an extensive trade. His practical experience, and intimate knowledge of present and prospective values, enable him to promptly execute all commissions, and investors can fully rely upon his sound judgment and advice. In addition to the sale and renting of houses and business property, he attends to the collection of rents and the care of estates, securing responsible tenants, and maintaining all property place d in his hands, at the highest standard of productive efficiency. Mr. Hamersley also possesses excellent facilities for the prompt securingeof loans on bond and mortgage, and is one of the most reliable brokers with whom the public can have dealings in this respect. Mr. Hamersley's services are also sought in the placing of lines of insurance by many of our leading property owners. His facilities in this respect are unsurpassed, and he is prepared to secure policies in the most responsible companies, at the lowest rates, especially well located residential property. P. B. BettJ, Broker in Real Estate, Loans, Securities, etc., No. 39 Nassau Street.-Among the most active and enterprising members of brokerage circles engaged in the purchase and sale of real estate and lands, negotiation of loans, and transactions in investment securities, is Mr. F. B. Beth, of No. 39 Na s sau street. Since Mr. Betts established himself in business in Nassau stre et ten years ago e h e has deve loped a superior connection and a fine trade, including among his customers, many of our leading capitalists and investors. Mr. Betts is highly popular as a negotiator of loans on bond and mortgage or collateral security, and as a broker in choice railroad and miscellaneous securities, Mr. Betts achieved a high reputation. He buys and sells railroad stocks and bonds, large sums having been, placed in his hands for such investments. His advice is eagerly sought by intending investors who have come to appreciate the excellent judgment he displays in his line of business. Mr. Betts' office is central and handsomely fitted up. Edward Kearny, Commihion and Real Estate, No. 265 Broadway, is prominent among the oldest established and most responsible of New York's leading real estate brokers. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 107 1C NE OKSLAIN NUTIS toners. He has carried through successfully many heavy transactions, and is also very popular in the loan market, making a speciality of the prompt negoti ation of sulms t o suit on bon dd and m ortg ag e at t he lowest rates. As a general auctioneer, Mr. Kennelly conducts foreclosure sales of real estate, as also for private parties, likewise sales of furniture, household effects, stocks, bonds, and miscellaneous securities, in the Exchange Salesroom, No. 111 Broadway. Mr. Kennelly is now a representative of the 21st Assembly District on Tammany Hall general c ommit tee, faithfully serving the interests of his constituents. William B. Haws, Real Estate Broker and Appraiser, No. 39 Nassau Street.-It is the aim of this historical review to give an accurate and complete account of the rise and progress of the real estate mar ket of New York, and of those agents who have contrlbuted so much to enhance the city's material pros perity in thb direction. Prominent among the most active and enterprising members of the real estate fraternity is Mr. William E. Haws, No. 39 Nassau street. M. Haws has long been a permanent resident of the city, and for a quarter of a century actively engaged in dealing in real estate. Mr. Haws is noted for his prac tical experience and intimate knowledge of present and prospective values of the leading residential and business sections, and as to the worth of improved and unim proved properties. He always keeps on his books a full description of eligible properties offered for sale, while his connections are strictly of a first-class character, including many of our wealthy investors and conservative operators. Mr. Haws transacts every branch of the real estate business, buying and selling property, loaning money on bond and mortgage, makes a specialty of appraisements for estates, partitions or loans, and has been employed as an expert as to value in all proceedings for public improvements for the past fifteen or twenty years, such as Riverside Park, Morningside Park, Broadway widening, King's Bridge Road, &c. Mr. Haws is a native of New York, and is descended from a famous Knickerbocker family. He is highly esteemed in the financial world. Hurd & Burling, Real Estate Auctioneers and Appraisers; No. 62 Liberty Street.-Among the most active and enterprising firms of real estate brokers, auctioneers and appraisers in this city is that of Messrs. Hurd & Burling, whose offices are so eligibly and centrally located at No. 3 Pine street. The co-partners, Mr. Samuel H. Hurd and Mr. GeorgeH. Burling, formed their present co-partnership in 1883, both having been residents of the metropolis for many years, and bringing to bear vast practical experience in their line, coupled with a specially accurate knowledge of the values and su- toundings of residential and business property. Mr. But-ling has long been recognized as one of the most trustworthy and competent experts and appraisersin the city, his sound judgment and conservative methods greatly adding to the importance of his awards. The firm are rapidly building up one of the finest classes of trade in the city, and deservedly so, for they have all the facilities and Connections to enable them to promptly sell and rent all properties placed in their bands. Messrs. Hurd & Burling have carried many heavy transactions to a successful issue, and no brokers stand higher to-day in the market. During their business career they have represented the interests of the late Mr. Charles H. Russell, of the Bank of Commerce; of Mr. Wfiliam H. Scott, of Mr. Robert Lenox ]~ennedy, of th~e late Mr. G. A. Sacchl, and other heavy real estate operato~ s, in every case giving unqua~liled satisfaction. They enjoy the highest o! reputations Or sound business principles, strictly honorable dealings, and full ability to promptly carry out axns under taking in whlclt they may engage. D. B. Keeler, Jr., Insurance, Real Estate and Loans, No. 39 Nassau Street.-One of the most active and enterprising as he is one of the best known, and most highly respected insurance and real estate brokers of this city, is Mr. D. B. Keeler, Jr.. of No. 39 Nassaustreet. Mr. Keeler started in business about ten years ago. As an insurance broker, he now enjoys a high reputation alike with the leading companies, and the public at large, and there are few insurance men that possess a better knowledge of the city and suburban risksgenerally, than Mr. Keeler. He represents many leading property owners of this city, and likewise in Monmouth N. J., and the seside resorts of that section, and annually places risks to a total aggregate of extended proportions. As a Real Estate broker, his experience is widespread, while he is an expert authority on the values of realty in all the prominent seaside resorts of New Jersey, End has long made a specialty of Seabright, Monmouth Beach, Runmson Neck and other real estate in Monmouth county. He is the sole representative of many large estates in that section, and has carried through to asuccessful issue many important sales, both for hotel and private residential purposes. Mr. Keeler is justly popular as a negotiator of loans on bond and mortgage, and is noted for his honorable methods, liberal poicy and low charges. He is a resident of New Jersey and is still in the early prime of manhood. John 0. Higgins, Real Estate, No. 79 Cedar Street. -The name of Mr. John O. Higgins, the popular and respected real estate broker, is a very familiar one in this city. Mr. Higgins is to-day one of the oldest, if not the very oldest, established business man in the great metropolis. It is now about fifty years since he first embarked in the real estate business in New York, and he well recollects when what is now the choicest and most valuable section of the city, was nothing but pasture lands and gardens. He has in the course of business along in the 120's bought and sold for his customers land at a few dollars per acre, which is now thickly covered with buildings each one representing a fortune. After remaining in the real estate business a number of years, Mr. Higgins availed himself of an advantageous opening and embarked in the dry goods trade, in which he made a failure, and retired. Reverses, however, eventually induced him to re-enter the real estate business, which he did about thirty-five years ago, and which he has actively continued to date, and developed to great proportions. Mr. Higgins is a recognized authority on the values of city realty. He deals generally in residential and business property, buying selling, letting and leasing, and has very superior connections, numbering among his customers many of our'leading business men. Mr. Higgins occupies a very centrally located and handsomely fitted office at No. 79 Cedar street, and although he is seventy years of age is still hale and hearty, looking twenty years under his age. He is an honored and upright representative of the greatest interests of the mighty metropolis. William Kennelly, Real Estate, Loan Broker, and GeneralAuctioneer, No. 39 Nassau Street, Boom 3.-Mr. Kennelly throughout an active career in the New York real estate market, dating back to 1847, has ever retained the confidence and esteem -of the entire community. He was one of the first real estate auctioneers in this city, and early built up and retained the leading business of its kind. Mr. William Kennelly, the piesent proprietor, who has worthily succeeded his honored father, is a native of New York, and still in the early prime of manhood. He actively carries on every branch of the real estate brokerage, and general auction business, and possesses connections of the most superior character, including many of our leading capitalists and property owners among his permanent Gus. lc8 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. -~ ~~NWYR' EDN NUTIS 0 ticles, his latest being what is known as the Raymond Renovator, which undoubtedly has a great future before it, and when its uses have been placed before the public, its great utility will be apparent to all. Mr. Raymond is a native of Vermont, came to New York at the age of eleven years and at once entered the real estate business. He has always taken an active interest in every movement that had for its object the welfare of his fellow citizens. In commercial circles he enjoys the highest confidence andis recognized as an, honorable and reliable business man, a liberal and public-spirited citizen, who commands the esteem and respect of all men. John IL Foley, Real Estate, No. 137 Broadway.-Mr. Foley founded his present business about fifteen years ago, and when a young man, so that now in the early prime of life, he has an established connection and a large businet still further developing under his honorable and intelligent efforts. Mr. Foley was located for a number of years at No. 39 Nassau street, whence he removed to his present eligible and unusually spacious offices on the firstfloor of No. 137 Broadway, in order to accommodate his increased business. Mr. Foley is a recognized authority upon vralues of both residential and business property in this city and suburbs. He numbers among his customers many of our leading capitalist and investors, and has carried through to a successful issue many of the most important transactions in realty on record of late years, and intending investors cannot do better than be guided by his sound judgment and practical advice in purchasing property, as his customers have secured steady incomes, coupled with prospective increase in values. Mr. Foley has all descriptions of property in hand both for saleand to let, andstandsready tosuitevery want andeverytaste. The man of moderate means can, through him, buy a home, or the capitalist can find a sure investment for his surplus funds. Mr. Foley makes a prominent specialty of negotiating loans on bond and mortgage, and has become very popular among property owners in need of financial assistance as he is ever prompt and honorable, loaning sums to suit at the lowest current rates. He likewise effects insurance on the most favorable terms. He has ever given a hearty support to measures best adapted to advance the material interest of this great city, and as a public-spirited citizen fully merits the large measure of success which has attended his well directed efforts. He is an esteemed member of the new Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room, and duly appreciates the great advantages derivable from its existence, and the benefits which his customers will duly profit by. Schuyl er & Roach, Fire, Marine and Railroad Ihsurance, Real Estate Brokers, No. 32 Liberty Street.The Insurance in te res ts of the metropolis have attained proportions of the greatest magnitude, and in conjunction with those of real estate, maintain paramount importance in this community. The intimate relations e xistin g between the real e state market, and the in sur - ance interests, do not require any comment here. They are mutually interdependent, and a firm which has ably combined a fine line of trade in these important branches of activity, is that of Messrs. Schuyler & Roach of No. 32 Liberty street, Stone Building and 59th street, comer of Madison avenue. They began in business some four years ago, making a specialty of fire, marine and railroad insurance, coupled with offering superior facilities for the purchase and sale of real estate. Mr. C. E. Schuyler, and Mr. 0. E. Roach, the co-partners, are both natives of this city, in the early prime of manhood, full of energy and enterprise, and who have within a comparatively brief period, developed an extensive connection of a strictly first-class character. Their facilities in the lines of fire, marine and railroad insurance are absolutely unsurpassed,placing the largest risks as they do at low rates, with a line of our most responsible and popular companies, while on favorably located parcels of real estate they can quote rates that are unrivalled in the market. Both partners have evinced special talents for business,coupled with executive abilities of the highest order, and have taken a creditable position in the real estate market. They possess an intimate knowledge of the various residential and business sections of the metropolis, and investors can fully rely upon their judgment and advice. They also possess every facility for the negotiation of loans upon the most favorable terms, and have developed a wide connection with capitalists and property owners. Mr. Schuyler is a son of Mr. G. L. Schuyler, the well known lumber merchant of this city, while Mr. Roach is a son of the famous ship builder, Mr. John Roach. Henry T. Warren, Real Estate, No. 32 Liberty Street. — Prominent among the active and enterprising members of the real estate fraternity of the metropolis ls Mr. Henry T. Warren, whose offices are centrally ad conveniently located at No. 82 Liberty street. This house was founded by the present proprietor In 1I!, who, however, has been educated in the profession and possesses great practical experience. Mr. Warren is a recognized authority as to the present and prospective values and eligibility of property in all desirable sections of New York, and has always on his books bargains in the line of private residences, stores, flats and vacant lots, singly or in blocks. He gives careful attention to the letting of properties, collects rents and negotiates loans, ad effects insurance in all the leadmg solid American and English companies. All charges and eommissions are liberal and Just, and every facility is enjoyed for the proper prosecution of the business. Mr. Warren was born in New York and is held in the highest estimation In real estate circles for his ability and integrity. Daniel Birdsall & Co., Real Estate Brokers, No. 319 Broadway.-The firm name of Daniel Birdsall & Co., is one of the most familiar to the business world of the great metropolis. Mr. Daniel Birdsall founded the business about twenty years ago, and has continued actively at its head during the intervening period, Mr. Birdsall now being associated in co-partnership with Messrs. Richard A. Brown and Frederick Southack. The firm is universally recognized as a leading authority on the present and prospective values of business property, and they are frequently called upon to act as experts. They do the largest business in down town realty of any firm in the city, and the annual aggregates of their transactions is very large. The offices of the firm at No. 319 Broadway, comprise a very spacious and handsomely fitted up suite of rooms, eligibly and centrally located and which give accommodation to the large and steadily increasing volume of business transacted by this representative and honored house. John C. Raymordl, Contractor, Builger, and Real Fstate Broker, No. 58 West 34th Street.-Prominent among the leading representatives of the real estate business is Mr. John C. Raymond, whose office is at No. 58 West 34th street. He began is commercial career when a.'lad, with little save push, pluck, and a determination to succeed. He established his present business twenty-one years ago, and by energetic work soon won his way into the front rank of our most successful contrators and builders. He does a general real estate brokage business, and is interested in many other enterprises, and o all, when necessary, he gives that attention and intelligent operations that has made his career so successful. He is a na tural inventor, and has produced many valuable ar NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 109 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Kirkland & Co., Real Estate and Mortgages, No" 15 and 17 Cortlandt Street.-There is no feature of progress in the metropolis of equal importance with that of real estate, which has long been and will ever continute to be the principal form of permanent and absolutely secure investment. Choice and eligibly located parcels of real property are more than ever sought for by conservative capitalists, and in their investments they rely greatly upon the advice, assistance and superior knowledge of our leading brokers and agents. Among the most prominent of these:Arms is that of Messrs. Kirkland & Co., whose commodious offices are located at Nos. 15 and 17 Cortlandt street. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. J. L. Kirkland and W. P. Scrymser, who have been engaged for the last ten years in dealing in real estate and negotiating loans on mortgage, and bring to bear a wide range of practical experience and a most intimate knowledge of the various sections of the city, as well as of lands in Missouri, Texas and Kansas and all cities West of the Missouri River. They make a specialty of Mexican lands, ranches, etc. Personally they are highly esteemed by the community for their great executive ability and inflexible integrity, and are ranked among the most popular and respected of the real estate fraternity, and whose efforts to serve the best interests of their numerous wealthy patrons, have. resulted in their building up a large and permanent patronage. Thos. ]ff. Terry, Real Estate and Insurance, No. 26 Pine Street.-No historical review of the real estate interests of New York would be complete without suitable reference to Mr. Thomas H. Terry, of No. 26 Pine street. The metropolis has afforded in the development of its materials interests a wide field for the exercise of business abilities, and Mr. Terry has during his active career here built up the very highest of reputations, and has retained the entire confidence of his clients. He is recognized as an accurate judge of present and prospective values, and those who have relied upon his sound judgment and judicious advice, have secured investments, that while affording a steady income far ahead of the uncertain returns from stocks, have also the satisfaction of seeing their properties steadily enhancing in value. Mr. Terry's connections are with our leading property owners and parties in search of strictly first-class eligibly l ocated residential and business premises can obtain a knowledge through Mr. Terry, of the best in the market. He has likewise secured a high reputation as an agent for the care and management of estates, and not only secures responsible tenants, but effects repairs in the most judicious manner, and ever keeps a property up to thehighe ststandard of productive efficiency, a great consideration to owners deeply immersed in other business, or who are much absent from the city. Mr. Terry is the agent in charge of all the Droperty belonging to the Trustees of the New York and Brooklyn bridge, including the warehouses and all the property beneath the bridge. Mr. Terry has also developed special facilities for the placing of fire insurance risks with our best companies and at lowest rates of premium, and carries an important line of property. His office is directly central to those of the other leading real estate firms of New York, while his facilities are unsurpassed, and he fully merits the large measure of success which has attended his well directed efforts. ~ Ch. Voleing, Real Estate and House Age nt, No. 953 Thir d Avenue.-Mr. Volzmg has been established iih New York city for nineteen years, and eight years ago he removed to his elegant offce, No. 953 Third Avenue, corner of 57th street. Mr. Volzing's reputation for the skilful management of estates and the proper application of monies, has brought to him a very large and responsible business. His uprightness in mutual dealings, transfer of property and agencies for others, has brought him annually a large circle of business men. es pecially Germans, who have explicit confidence in his financial abilities, and have entrusted to him the rental of property, the entire management of estates, and the disposition of large sums of money. Mr. Volzing is a German by birth. Xear Klenen & Co., Agents for the Bale and Renting of Business and Manufacturing Property, No. 318 Broadway, cot. Pearl Street.-There is no mo re Important feature of the New York real estate market, than that comprised in the lines of business and manufacturing property. Among the most prominent houses engaged in this branch is admittedly the old established firm of Messrs. Martin Klenen & Co., 318 Broadway, corner of Pearl street. Mr. Klenen sas developed tbe finest and largest class of trade in the handling of business property and numbers among his customers many of our leading capitalists, investors and merchants. Since he engaged in the business in 1867, he has carried through to a successful issue, transactions representing many millions of dollars worth of real estate, among the properties he has sold being many of the finest modern buildings in the wholesale sections of Broadway and side streets. He always has upon his books descriptions of the choicest and best located properties in the market, either for sale or to lease. His offices were long located in the old PAost Building, and when that gave way to the march of fnprovement, he removed to his present directly central and spacious offices on the first floor of No. 318 Broadway, corner of Pearl street, where all his numerous patrons receive the promptest attention. Mr. Klenen is excelled by none as an expert on business property. Personally, he is universally popular throughout commercial circles, and is spoken of in the highest terms by his co eresa in real estute circles, as one who fully merits the large measure of success which has attendedbis well directed efforts. Glwey & OaaTdo, Importers, No. 57 Broad Street.Whe n a house ha s en joyed a liberal patronage and popularity for a long term of years, it is an evidence that the management is characterized by integrity,'energy and sound judgment. Such are the circumstances connected with the history of the wholesale establishniciit of Messrs. Galwey & Casado, No. 57 Broad street, which was founded by the senior partner in 1843, and has ever since enjoyed a permanent and influential patronage from first-class jobbers and retailers, owing to the 111. excelled quality and purity of its wines and brandies. The facilities of this house for procuring goods from the producers are unsurpassed by those of any other firm in the trade, and every representation with regard to the stock may be implicitly relied on. Messrs. Galwey & Casado make a specialty of the Spanish trade, and have had for many years a house at Malaga,-under the management of Mr. F. N. Casado, for the iruit and wine business, and in consequence of these superior connections are able to offer the choicest Malaga raisins, sherries and other European wines in the Ameri. can market. All orders are promptly filled and it is the earnest desire of this responsible house to merit by the strictest principles of mercantile honor a continuante of the support it has received for the last forty. five years. The co-partners, Messrs. John and Charles Galwey and Felipe N. Casado, who are members of tie Produce Exchange, are held in the highest estimation ini mercantile life. J. ]I. tlaker, Real "Estate and neane, Pearsall Buildings, No. 26 Church Street, corner of Cortlandt Street, Rooms 3 and 4. 110 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 111 played a complete line of interior decorations, also all the latest novelties in foreign productions. The firm employs only the most celebrated artists and experts, to execute all work entrusted to it in the lines of papering, tinting, painting, frescoing, &c. Estimates are promptly furnished, and all orders are executed in the most expeditious and thorough manner. Already this branch of the firm's business has grown to proportions of great magnitude, including, besides hosts of private residences, refitted and decorated establishments such as the Ashland House, Parker's Hotel, 34th street and Broadway, the New York Hotel, the Barrett House, the Mount Morris Theatre, the Bijou Opera House, &c., &c. Enough has been said, however, to demonstrate to our thousands of readers that Messrs. William Campbell & Co., stand at the head of what may well be termed a profession as well as an industry, and that they well merit the large measure of success which has attended their exertions. Messrs. Campbell and Temple rank among our most responsible bus iness men, noted throughout commercial circles for their honorable methods and sterling integrity, and are members of the Board of Directors of the Home Bank, at the corner of 42nd street and Eighth Avenue. The London Ammmr ue Corporation, of Lon don, Benoni Lockwood, Manager, No. 88 Wall Street. The London Assurance Corporation was established originally by Royal Charter, in England, in 1720. Con servative in its policy, judicious and economical in its management, it has weathered every storm, and at the present day stands among the foremost representative companies in the United States or Great Britain. See ing the advantage of a representation in New York, in 1872, the London directors established the United States branch. The following gentlemen are now the members of the Local Committee, viz: J. P. Gir aud Foster, of Foster & Thompson; Charles M. Fry, President Bank of New York; Gordon Norrie, No. 43 Wall street; Howard Potter, Brown Brothers & Co.; Goold H. Redmond, No. 105 Franklin street. The fol lowing statement of the affairs of the United States branch, January 1st, 1885, is without exception one of the strongest and most encouraging ever presented to the public. Total assets $1,363,998, total liabilities $596,849, surplus over liabilities $767,149, reserve for re insurance $504,849. Mr. Benoni Lockwood who fills the responsible and honorable position of New York man ager is thoroughly identified with insurance matters, and is calculated to manage the affairs of the London Assurance Corporation with success. The offices are located at No. 88 Wall street, where information rela tive to rates etc. is cheerfully given. Enterprise and energy have marked the career of this reliable and responsible company for the last 164 years, and give ample promise of a long continued and prosperous career in the future. William Campbell & Co., Manufacturers of Fine Gold Paper Hangings, Nos. 514 to 520 West 42&d Street, and Nos. 503 to 517 West 41st Street.-The progress of the fine arts in the utilitarian avenues of manufacture has become one of the most marked and striking features of modern times. Nowhere, however, has the delicate conceptions of the designer, coupled with the deep technical knowledge of the chemist, and the trained mechanical skill of the manufacturer, effected such a trinity of perfection as in the line of file wall papers and interior decorations. In this branch of artistic industry the greathouse of Messrs. WilliamCampbell & Co., has come to be recognized as the representative one ig every respect in the United States, and as taking the lead in not only its specially superior equipments and facilities, but also in the exquisite nature of its high-class gold papers and decorations. The business was originally founded some thirteen years ago, and within this comparatively short time, the majestic building which has been reared by the firm in West 42nd street, is the best possible proof of the high degree of appreciation aroused in the public mind by the beautiful papers and decorations here manufactured. The co-partners, Mr. William Campbell and Mr. James Temple, bring the widest possible range of practical experience to bear, and both by reason of their excellent judgment, correct taste, and wonderful energy and enterprise, are unusually well-fitted to cater to the wants of the most critical and wealthy classes of the community. Their factory is the largest in the business, fronting as it does eighty feet upon 42nd street, and extenduing entirely through the block to 41st street, upon which it fronts for two hundred feet. The building is five stories in height, and a most handsome specimen of city architecture, having a picturesque and ornamental por tico on 42nd street, while it is surmounted by a fine clock-tower, from which the people of all this section are enabled to obtain the correct time, the clock dials being of great size. As a paper hanging factory, that of Messrs. William Campbell & Co., is the largest and most completely equipped in existence. A powerful steam engine supplies the motive force to the various departments of the concern, while the presses, rolls, &c., ae the most perfect of their kind in existence, many-having been especially constructed to the firm's order. An average force of upwards of four hundred hands are employed here, and the various floors are scenes of busy industry, the complex processes of man ufacture being of great interest. The establishment, thanks to the superior executive abilities of the pro prietors, is thoroughly organized and its capacity for production is enormous and necessarily so, when the reader is informed that these papers and hangings are staple goods in every city and town of any importance throughout the country at large. As the largest manu facturers of fine wall paper, etc. in America, the firm is prepared to fill the most comprehensive orders from out of town dealers, each season's stock being entirely new, of original colors, shades and designs, and ever offering fresh attractions to the public. Here in the great metropolis-the centre of art, wealth, and fashion on this continent-Messrs. William Campbell & Co., have attained such a high reputation, that to meet the urgent demands of our citizens, they have fitted up and opened a special retail department in their building, which is, without a doubt, the Iost elegantly decorated and lue uriously furnished apartment in this or any other busi ness in the United States. Its palatial appointments reminded the writer of this sketch of the aristocratic halls of the old world, with its splendid mirrors, ele gantly upholstered chairs and furniture, rich carpets and rugs, soft curtains, and works of art artistically arranged and making a beautiful whole. This sales room consists of the entire first-floor of the firm's new annex, on 42nid street, wherein is always dis NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. ill L. Lisaberger &Co., Importers and Dealer In Pig Iron, Old Rails, Ingot Copper, Pig Tin, Leads, Spelter and other Metals, No. 46 Cliff Street.-Among the leading and representative houses in the metal trade is that of Messrs. L. Lissberger & Co, No. 46 Cliff street. The firm which was established twenty-five years ago imports and deals In pig Iron, old rails, ingot copper, pig tin, lead, spelter and other metals, carries a large and valuable stock, and does an extensive business through. out the country. Messrs. L. Lissberger and B. Schutz who compose the firm are men of sterling personal worthandability. Inthemanagementoftheirbusiness they display a liberality and sound judgment which have won the esteem and confidence of the entire commercial community. They are classed among the most substantial and prosperous merchants of the city of New York. 112~~~ ~~ NE OKSLAIN NUTIS Thurber, Whyland & Co., Offices and Salesrooms, West Broadway, Reade, and Hudson Streets; Houses In Europe, Nos. 9 and U Fenchurch Street, London; and No. 17 Rue Lagrange, Bordeaux.-A little over a quarter of a century ago, or in the year 1857, the firm of Messrs. Pupke, Thurber & Co., was formed to carry on the wholesale grocery business. The new firm opened its store in the locality of the present firm of Thurber, Whyland & Co. The firm as originally constituted continued actively in business until February 5th, 1866, when it dissolved, Mr. H. K. Thurber continuing the business alone until August of the same year, when he took into partnership with him his brother, Mr. Francis B. Thurber, and Mr. Stephen L. Bardash, the new firm doing business under the name and style of "H. K. Thurber & Co." Dating from this reorganization, the house made rapid and substantial progress; developIng all the old established staple lines of the wholesale grocery trade to proportions of increased efficiency and variety, while the sterling enterprise of the firm was evinced by the introduction of fresh lines of trade; of new articles of diet; of old food products prepared in new and improved ways, and with results of the most satisfactory character. The house continued actively engaged in business under the last mentioned firm name until August 1875; although there were several partnership changes during the intervening period, the heads of departments being very wisely admitted to an interest in the firm, thus adding to their zeal in ever maintaining the highest standard of efficiency. In 1875, the firm reorganized under the familiar name and style of "H. K. & F. B. Thurber & Co.," and continued thus until February 4th, 1884, when on account of impaired health and by reason of the duty that he owed to himself, to take a much needed rest, Mr. H. K. Thurber retired. A new partnership was formed under the name and style of "Thurber, Whyland & Co.," the members of the firm being as follows: Francis B. Thurber, Albert E. Whyland, Alexis Godillot, Jr., Jacob S. Gates, William A. Parshall, Henry B. Kirkland, general partners, while Mr. Horace K. Thurber became a special partner. Thus reorganized the house stands before the world to-day unquestionably the representative exponent of the trade in food products generally. The firms price list Is a veritable category of everything under the sun that is edible and appreciated by eivilized palates, and the list of arteicles dealt in by the wholesale grocery house of twenty yearsago, would l ook attenuated and bare alongside the printed pages of the firm's catalogue of articles of food comprising a myriad of new forms for useful articles of alimentaicon, while the rare delicacies and enfremets of France are quoted alongside the vast array of American canned and preserved goods, while from the firm's laboratory and drug department come a full line of essences, flavors and syrups. Messrs. Thurber, Whyland & Co., are themselves manufacturers upon a very large scale, thus enabling the house to absolutely guarantee the purity, freshness and perfection of all its goods, and herein is one secret of their success. Their praise of their own goods is merited because honesty they know whereof they speak, and we quote herewith from their letter head, a paragraph which frankly goes to the root of the whole matter. It is as follows: "Competing "houses may sometimes, for an object, cut under our "prices, but in the long run we have found that where "our customers bought at less than our figures they "found a difference in quantity or quality, which ex"plained the difference in price. Our motto is: a/ut "prices consistent tith good quality and ho nest gt"t/tp." The firm have a most extensive manufactory of food products located at Nos. 85, 87 and 89 Thomas street, New York City, which is the most complete in existence. Its canned goods factory is eliglbly lo~ated at Moorestown, N. J., and where during the canning se ason, hundre ds of hands are employed. The coffee ro a sting establishme nt has no c ounterpart in the city for perfection o f method, and is situated at Nos. 18 and 20 Wo rth s treet. There are als o the oospae tous produce Commissi o n Departme nt in Duane and Hu dson streets. This is not all of the firm's resour ces however. In Europe it has two large houses, in reclprocal operation, one at Nos. 9 and 11 Fenchurch street, London, and the other at No. 17 Rue Lagrange, Bordeaux, which form depots for the firm's immense and st eadily growing i mport and export trade. The firm's offices and salesrooms are hou sed in the finest building that is dev oted to the trade in food products. It is sixr stories and basement in height, and contains the largest, choicest and most comprehensive stock of food products in America. The building is constructed of brick with granite and iron trimmings, and was specially erected for the firm. We come now to make a few references to the personalty of those who have created and built up this vast establishment, and brought it to such a stage of perfection. Mr. Horace R. Thurber is a native of Delhi, Delaware county, N. R., and early in life came to the metropolis, and entering the grocery trade worked his way up to a partnership and to the successive stages of his business success. Mr. Thurber Is eminently a public-spirited citizen, and while the engrossing claims of business prevented his taking an active part personally in the discussions of the great questions of the day, yet he threw his powerful influence on the side of justice and reform, while his honorable methoas in business and generous r!valry have made him hosts of warm friends all over the world. His brother, Mr. Francis B. Thurber, the senior partner of the present firm, has been identified with the business for about twenty-one years. BeLflnnig at the bottom of the ladder, he steadily moved upward by force of character and hard and honest work, and we have no need to make any further reference to him as a thorough business man, for the magnificent establishment of which he is the head speaks for itself. As an influential member of the Board of Trade and other leading commercial organizations, Mr. Thurber has ever pursued a definite well-grounded path of duty; those who have followed his public utterances as given by the press, can bear testimony to the fact-honorable above all others-that he has never flmched from striking at a wrong, from denouncing an Injustice, from exposing the curse of monopoly, whenever and wherever he found the opportunity. Mr. Albert E. Whyland who, like Mr. Thurber is a master mind in the business and is probably as widely known as any man in the grocery business in the United States, was born in Troy, N. Y., and early in life turned to commerce as a congenial vocation. He was many years ago a salesman for Mr. B. T. Babbit, the soap manufacturer, and about 1870 connected himself with his present firm, early proving the possession of superior executive abilities, and those sterling business qualifications, which have placed him in the van of the mercantile circles of the metropolis. Mr. Alexis Godillot, Jr., is widely known in Europe and America as being the oldest manufacturer and importer of Freuch fancy groceries in this country. He is a native of France, and there acquired that skill which characterizes his supervision of the preparation of choice food products. He began in business in 1858, and about 1872 became connected with the Messrs. Thurber. It was a mutually beneficial partnership as has since been demonstrated. Mr. Godillot stands second to none as an expert in his line, the goods manufactured by him maintaining the lead for excellence, and the firm's factories at Bordeaux, Marinaide, France, have under his vigilant supervision become models of their kind. It should be mentioned in this connection that dm'ing the war of the rebellion he furnished a large 112 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW~~~~ ~ ~ ~ YOK' LEDN NUTIS United States. The new departure was a great success. To-day they occupy centrally located premises at No. 18 College Place, where they keep on hand a large stock of the food, as also of Nestle's Condensed Milk, in every way the best and purest preserved milk offered to the public and which is rapidly superseding inferior brands. The "Milk Food" and Condensed Milk are now in constant use all over the globe, while here in the United States the consumption has attained proportions of great magnitude. A large number of salesmen are on the road and their experience is that the reputation of these goods has invariably preceded them. The firm is composed of Mr. Thomas Leeming and Mr. Thomas Gilmore. both of whom rank among the most active and enterprising merchants of New York and Montreal, and well merit the large measure of success which has attended the introduction of such useful and healthful iood products to the appreciative America n public. S. R. Ives, Impor ter, Represented by Messrs. Frederick E. Ives and Pascal C. Burke, No. 98 Fron t Street. -No branch o f wholesale business is o f a more benieflcial character to the great metropolis, or has attained proportions of greater magnitude than that of the import trade. A prominent importer is S. R. Ives, successor to the old house of Ives, Beecher & Co., and represented by Messrs. Frederick E. Ives, and Pascal C. Burke. Mr. Frederick E. Ives is the founder of the business, which is now one of the oldest established in the United States, while its connections are of the most superior character. Mr. Frederick E. Ives entered upon his commercial career as a clerk in 1837 and early developed those superior business qualifications which have been so noteworthy during his long and honored commercial career, and he is to-day one of the best known and most respected of the early importers of this city. As senior partner of the old house of Ives, Beecher & Co., and since the dissolution of that firm, Mr. Ives has ever given a conscientious support to all measures best calculated to advance the permanent welfare and prosperity of the trade. The business has been permanently located at its present address since the year 1855, and during the long intervening period has been carried on in a manner reflecting the greatest credit on all concerned, and with an ever widening circle of trade. The premises occupied comprise the entire four-story building, No. 98 Front street, 25 feet by 100 in dimensions, wherein is carried one of the largest and best selected stocks of goods found on the market. The firm are agents for F. W. Cosens' celebrated sherries, known all over the world for their purity and general excellence; they also represent Sazerac de Forge & Sons of Cognac, whose brandies were awarded the gold medal at the Paris Exposition of 1878 and are still the most highly prized in the trade. They are likewise large importers of gin of Scheidam, Holland, and of Clode & Baker's renowned Port wines. The goods of the firm are all kept in bond and sold in bond-packages are never broken, so that customers are assured of the perfect quality of the goods as represented. This rule which the firm has always followed is one that few importers,an boast of. Both Messrs. F. E. Ives and Pascal C. Burke, bring to bear superior executive abilities, coupled with a thorough knowledge of the trade, they being recognized as authorities as to grades and values,, giving also that close personal attention to all the details of their large business so,essential to its satisfactory progress. Within the pages of this Historical Review of the New York Industries, no house is worthy of more honorable mention, while its activity and enterprise need not be recounted here, since its merit is fully recognized in the community, and New York may well be congratulated on the possession of such energetic business men as the members of this firm. portion of the preserved prov ision s used by the federal armies and with great satisfaction to the commissariat department; since then the t "Ae. G." brand of French f ancy groceries have become the standar d t hroughout the United States. Mr. Jacob S. Gates has been connec ted with the house for about eleven years, first as manager of the produce commission department, and during the past six years as mana ger of the London branch, where he has won an enviable reputat i on. Mr. William A. Parshall, a gentleman distantly relatqd to the Messrs. Thurber, has grown up with th e f irm and has pr ove d h is r ight to h is present position by his wellgrounde n oed knowledge of the business. Mr. Henry B. Kirkla nd, who enjoys the reputation of selling more goods than any grocery sa lesman in the United States, began his bu siness care er w ith the old grocery house of Morr is Ea rle & Co., subsequently embarking, after t he de ath of Mr. Earle, in the produce commission and cotton trade, eve ntually some eleven years ago becoming identified with his present firm. Close application to business and personal supervision of thei r own affairs, comb ined with ho norable dealing and sterling integrity in all t ransactions, are the basis upon which Me ssrs. Thurber, Whyland & Co., have built up their imm ens e trade and wide connection. Thomas Leeming & Co., So le Repr esentatives in the United States adand ada for Nestle's yilk Food, and e Condensed Milk, No. 18 College Place.-A branch of import trad e in which the enterprise of the only house e ngaged the rei in n America stands forth prominently, is that of the introduction and sale to the trade of the justly famous "Nestle's M'4ilk Food," which both her e and in Eu r ope has been pronounced by the mos t competent medi cal au thor it ies to be the best food for the nourishment and building up of the strength of infants and invalids. Mr. Nestle is an enterprising resident of Switzerland, who early saw that there was no preparation or food yet so accurately prepared, as to afford all necessary nourishment to the delicate stomachs of the invalid and the infant, and the result of his researches and experiments is seen to day in the form of this delicious food, which contains all the constituent elements required for the sustenance of the human frame. Some twelve years ago Mr. Thomas Leeming, then of Montreal,was appointed the sole representative for the sale of Nestle's Milk Food in the United States and Canada. The food was very extensively introduced into the various provinces of Canada, Mr. Leeming's mercantile facilities enabling him to place it in the hands of druggists everywhere. The most important feature, however of this food and one which has helped to give it such a world wide reputation is its value during the trying seasons, or heated terms, when infants die in large cities by thousands. At such seasons Nestle's Food is invaluable, and has saved the lives of thousands of infants suffering from cholera infanturn, as a preventive of which it is pronounced to be almost a specific. The food at once came into wonderful popularity and mothers found that it was just what they had been looking for; fattening their babies and giving them sound health. Si g)od was the food that certain interested parties began to try to underrate its marvellous properties and the leading grocer in Montreal saw fft to cross sword's points with Mr. Leeming in the public prints, but he was speedily worsted, Mr. Leeming produced unanswerable proofs of the excellence of this food, and in co~lumn after column of the daily papers, exposed the grocer 80 thoroughly as to effectually silence him while the sale of the food took a fresh start upward and to-day it is as staple as wheat all through the Dominion. Some six years ago, Messrs. Thos. Leeming & Co. decided to open a branch house in the city of New York in order to meet the steadily growing demand for the food in the NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 113 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Stickney, Conyngham & Co., Agents for Frank lin Coal of Lykens Valley; and Red and White Ash and Bituminous Coals-New York Offices: No. 1 Broad way, No. 225 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, and No. 19 Congress Street, Boston.-One of the most active and enterprising, as it is one of the most extensive concerns engaged in the wholesale coal trade, is that of Messrs. Stickney, Conyngham & Co., of Philadelphia, New York and Boston. The business now conducted by them upon such a large scale, was originally established some ten years ago by Messrs. S. H. Brown & Co., and upon their dissolution in 1883, they were succeeded by the present firm of Messrs. Stickney, Conyngham & Co., composed of Mr. Joseph Stickney, Mr. William L. Conyngham, Mr. Lemuel E. Wells, Mr. George H. Bressette, and Mr. Samuel Thaxter. The above named gentlemen in unit ing their capital, energies, and trade openings together, have formed one of the most influential coal firms in existence. They are the sole agents for the famous Franklin Coal of Lykens Valley, which as regards its free burning qualities has no superior in the market. The firm also handle the leading brands of coal shipped to tidewater by the Pennsylvania Railroad, including such justly celebrated coals as Susquehanna White and Red Ash; Kingston White Ash; Cameron Shamo kin; Pancoast; Wilkesbarre; Gaylord White and Red Ash; and Wyoming and Eureka Bituminous coals. These coals are too widely known and practically tested to require any extended comment at our hands. The firm has its central office at No. 1 Broadway, and branch offices at No. 19 Congress street, Boston, and No. 225 Walnut street, Philadelphia. Some idea of the magnitude of their trade may be gathered, when we state that they handle considerably over a million of tons of coal annually, and with a steady enlargement of their circle of customers. Mr. Joseph Stickney, the senior partner, is one of New York's best known citizens, noted throughout commercial circles for his honorable methods and sterling integrity. Mr. William L. Conyngham, is a native of Pennsylvania, born and brought up as it were in the midst of the colliery interests of the state and who is a recognized authority in the market. Messrs. Lemuel E. Wells, George H. Bressette, and Samuel Thaxter, are all experienced members of the trade, universally popular and respected and who add a volume of strength to their firm. Messrs. Stickney, Conyngham & Co., are to-day representative exponents of the best elements of the American trade and abundantly merit the large measure of success which has attended their well directed efforts. G. F. Carr, Produce Commission Merchant, No. 382 Greenwich Street.-One of the most prosperous and popular of the wholesale merchants in this section of the city, is Mr. G. F. Carr, a gentleman wllo commenced business in the metropolis more than sevenq teen years ago. Mr. Carr is both a commission merchant and a dealer in foreign and domestic fruits, giving special attention, moreover, to consignments. Hle receives very superior qualities of apples, cider, vinegar, southern produce, potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, onions,'&c., from the best growers throughout this and other states, and transacts a heavy city and shipping trade. He ships not only to all sections of this country, but to Europe, in which latter direction a large and co nstantly increasing trade is being built up. Mr. Carr occupies extensive and comlmodiouls premises at No. 382 Greenwich street, which are taxed to their utmost limit at all times, by the heavy and versatile stock of the goods needed to be carried to meet the requiremenits of his numerous patrons. Mr. Carr is a native of Rhode Island, a hearty and well informed gentleman, who is in every respect a credit to the wholesale fruit trade and the commercial interests generally of the city of New York. Browtnell, Ph elp s & Venino, Ma nufac tu rers and Importers of Artists' materials, Wax Flower materials, and Decorative Art specialties, No. 67 East Ninth Street, formerly No. 35 Barclay street and No. 40 Pa rk Place.- ne of the most active, enter prising and popular houses engaged in the manufacture and importation of Artists' materials, is that of Brownell, Phelps & Venino, of No. 67 East Ninth street, (one door West of Broadway), formerly 35 Barclay street, and 40 Park Place. The business, though only comparatively recently established by them, (August, 1882,) has already attained proportions of the greatest magnitude, due in a large measure, to the vast practical experience of the copartners, and their intimate and technical knowledge of the wants of the trade and Fine Arts profession generally. Mr. Wm. H. Brownell, and Mr. W. Elliott Phelps, having had long experience in the business, has acquired a most perfect knowledge of everything pertaining to the best class of trade in artists' materials, Mr. Venino is one of the best known and most talented experts, so that the firm has every possible facility and qualification for giving satisfaction to its numerous customers. Their premises are eligibly and centrally located at No. 67 East Ninth street. In their spacious salesrooms occupying three floors, is displayed one of the finest and best assorted stocks of artists' materials in the United States, including not only many staple specialties manufactured by themselves, but also a full line of goods specially imported by themselves from leading European houses, including artists' marterials, a full line of wax flower materials and decorative art specialties. The first two floors of their establishment are devoted to the purposes of an office and salesrooms, while on the other floor above they actively carry on manufacturing. Their trade has (as we before remarked) developed to extensive proportions, covering all sections of the country, Messrs. Brownell, Phelps & Venino being directly represented to their numerous customers by their own salesmen. Personally, the copartners are highly esteemed for their many sterling qualities and strict integrity in mercantile life, and we can conscientiously commend this house to all dealers in, or large consumers of, either artist or wax flower materals, and are satisfied that business relations, once entered into wlih it, will prove not only satisfactory but profitable and permanent. Ro,b,rt Leffe-ts, Successor to Ilay & Co., Manufactttrer and Iml or ter of Plain and Artistic Candles, Toilet SMaps, etc.. Salesrooms,No. 306 Fourth Avenue.-A repres,itative house enga.ged in the manufacture and importation of plain and artistic candlesin every style,color and variety, is that of Robe, t Lefferts, whose salesiooms are located at No. 306 Fourth avenue. This business was founded originally as far back as 1834, and since its inception at that period has built up an unrivalled reputation, and strictly first-class trade. The premises occupied are very convenient and spacious, and are fully stocked with a valuable assortment of all colors and styles of plain and artistic candles, bobeches and candle shades of the latest designs. These candles have obtained great celebrity and are used in the Catholic churches of the metropolis, where they are highly esteemed for their perfection of manufacture and quality. Mr. Lefferts is sole agent for the "Perfection" candle shade holder, which is unrivalled for utility etc. All goods are purchased direct from the principal manufacturers and producers of these unique articles in Europe, and the newest styles are obtained immediately they are ready for the trade, while with regard to prices, the long established reputation of this house is well known as the cheapest emporium in the city at which to obtain these clu-es of articles. Mr. Lefferts recently succeeded the firm of Hay & Co., of A which the present proprietor was the junior member. i 8 8 t 114 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 11.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ companies, and at better terms and with less trouble, than if they went to the main office. He is the agent and collector for the largest and one of the most popular corporations in America, viz: The Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, which offers unusually liberal inducements. In the line of fire insurance Mr. Aub is equally successful, and has control of a very superior line of property, desirable fire risks, and which he places with such reliable corporations as the great Liverpool and London and Globe, and at reduced rates of premium. Mr. Aub is noted for his honorable methods and sterling integrity, and is deservedly popular in insurance circles. Whitman Saddle Company, No. 25 Murray Street. -The business conducted by the Whitman Saddle Company,at No. 25 Murray street,is one of the best managed and most successful of its kind in New York. It was established in 1878, with a capital of $140,000 and from the start, owing to the ability and enterprise of the gentlemen at the head of its affairs, became known as a leading manufactory of the most finished and reliable saddles in the market. The company's factory at Newark, N. J., has long been noted for the immense amount of work turned out by the hands, in filling the orders of the house as well as government contracts of immense size. The Whitman Saddle Company supply not only the U. S. Government but also foreign governments, with much of their army pads,which are preferred to all others for their durability and highly finished make-up. The firm employs fifty men in their factory, which is well equipped with all the necessary machinery for the manufacture of their patent saddle and side saddlery. Among the various other articles turned out are Whitman's Combination Halter Bridle, Patent Rubber Mat Stirrups, Bridle Ornaments, Bridle Bits, &c. Among sporting men there is no establishment which has a greater reputation for finished sporting goods of all kinds, than the Whitman Saddle Company whose spacious store and offices on the first floor of No. 25 Murray street contain an excellent assortment of every article of their make. The officers of the company are H. L. Buck, president, and W. C. C. Mehlbach, secretary and treasurer. Mr. Buck is one of the most energetic and experienced men in his line in New York, while Mr. Mehlbach unites with great ability, untiring attention to the duties of his office. Both are highly esteemed in the best circles of New York society for their gentlemanly manners and deportment. William Arnold, Manufacturer of Fancy Wood Boxes, Cabinets for Needles, Cotton, Silk, &c., Show Cases for Knives and Scissors, &c., Nos. 30 and 32 South 5th Avenue.-In reviewing the various manufacturing interests of this city, it is not only those mammoth enterprises which demand our attention, but all industries which give employment to skilled labor, or furnish a field for $he Investment of capital, and add in any degree to the business interests of New York. The mainfacture of fancy wood boxes and cabinets is an impOrtant industry, and a leading establishment in this line is that of Mr. William Arnold, Nos. 30 and 32 South Fifth avenue. He started in this business four years ago on West 22nd street and moved to his present more eligible location about two years ago. He is an expert practical workman and employs only the best and most experienced hands. Among the specialties made are fancy wood boxes, cabinets for needles, cotton, and silk threads, show cases for knives, scissors, &c. The work turned out by Mr. Arnold is unexcelled for beauty and originality of design, superiority of workmanship and finish. He enjoys a large patronage among our leading manufacturers and hs every facility for executing the largest orders in the Inomptest and most reliable manner. Mr. Arnold was born in Germany and came to this country about twenty years ago. By industry and honorable baicii'e methods he has attained success and is highly estetmed by all who know him. He is a membIer of the Knuights of Honor, and the Ancient Order of Forresters and Is a liberal publc spirited citizen. Silmon Ab, lnlrawnce Broker, 16 and 18 Exchange Place, (Poet Buflding).-One of the oldest established insurance brokeis in the business, is Mr. Simon Aub, of Nos. 16 and 1 Exchange Place, who has been closely ide Nab flre and life insurance interests since ]g7. add seekingadditional lifnes of life insurance, can promptly obtdan policies to any amount through Mr. Aub, in any of the leading and most substantial J. A. Delatour, Mahogany, Rosewood, and all Foreign and Domestic Cabinet Wooand and Veneers, Office and Salesroom No. 176 Cent re Str eet; Yard,No. 476 Pearl Street.-Mr. J. A. Delatour, importer of mahogany of No. 176 Centre street and No. 476 Pearl street belongs to a family of mahogany merchants. The business of which he is the proprietor was founded in 1825 by his grandfather, John Labatut, on Walker street. Mr. Delatour has occupied the premises, Centre and Pearl street, since 1877. They are very extensive, so much so, that they may fairly be considered among the l,ading lumber yards of New York, occuping as they do a very large space in the rear of the offices at No. 176 Centro street. The firm have all their cutting of veneers and sawing of mahogany and other fine woods done at the establishment of F.A. Mulgrew, foot of Eighth street, East River. The above mentioned mill is the best mill in the United States. The telephone calls are Spring street 540, and Murray 574, at which Mr. Delatour or his assistants may be consulted during business hours. Lumber for cabinet purposes of which there is always on hand a large and varied assortment may be ordered through the telephone, by mail, or on personal call. His specialties are mahogany, rosewood and all foreign and domestic wood and veneers, which on account of the magnitude of the trade can be had cheaper than at any other lumber yard in the city. Mr. Delatour has extensive connections already and is every day adding to the number. This is rendered all the easier on account of the energy, perseverance and character for integrity possessed by the proprietor. Moore & Sinnott, Distillers, Gibsonton Mills, Monongahela River, Hugh McAleer, Jr., Sole Agent, No. 62 Broad Street.-The famous Gibsonton Mills Distilleries, on the Monongahela River, were originally founded in 1838, by Mr. John Gibson and eventually the firm of John Gibson's Son & Co., was formed, and carried on the business with great success. In 1884 Messrs. Moore & Sinnott becamne sole proprietors, their New York offices and salesrooms being located at No. 62 Broad street, under the able management of Mr. Hugh McAleer, Jr., who has been sole agent for the Gibsonton Mills for the last twelve years. The premises occupied on the Monongahela River consist of an immense series of buildings, equipped with all the latest improved distilling apparatus and machinery, employment being given to a large force of skilled and experienced workmen. Only the finest grain, rye and barley malt that can be procured are used, and these are handled in such a thoroughly scientific manner, as to result in the production of a pure, fine flavored and sparkling liquor, that really has no superior K the market. Messrs. Moore & Sinnott export vast quantities of their whiskies to Europe, South America and Australia., where these liquors have attained a well established and honorable reputation. Personally, Mr. McAleer is held in the highest estimation in commercial circles for his strict probity and business ability. and is a popular member of the Distillers' Wine and Spirit Exchange. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 115 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. tegrity, and has always been an ardent advocate and supporter of any measure conducive to the benefit and welfare of his fellow citizens. He is assisted in his extensive business by Mr. Fred'k. Kotz, a gentleman fully conversant with every detail of the trade, and who has held the position of foreman for Swift & Co. for the last thirty-five years. Mr. Kotz is greatly respected by all classes of citizens for his geniality of disposition, sterling probity and honor, and justly merits the succss attained by his perseverance and energy. Mr. Coolehan suppliesr Adams Ex pre s s C o., McC reery & C o., Tiffany, Stern, Erich, etc., with express and delivery wagons, and those interested entering into business relations with this establishment may be assured of receiving not only just and liberal treatment, but likewise of obtaining manifest advantages in terms and prices. Those who want a cheap wagon will not find it here, but customers requiring a good one at a reasonable price cannot do better than give their orders to Swift & Co. A visit to the warerooms of the firm will satisfy purchasers and their friends that the productions of this house are without a rival, and justly deserve the commendations bestowed upon them. Sf wift & Co. Wagon Builders, No. 123 West 30th S tre et, between Sixth and Seventh Avenues.-No line of manufacture shows mor e marked advancement in the l as t quart er of a c entury than wagon building, and the ponderous cumbersome vehicles which were the pride of ou r grandfathers, would now be regarded as monstrosities and utterly unsuitable. Among manufacturers engaged in this business in New York, who have gained prominence based on the merits of their productions, none stands higher than the popular and old established firm of Swift & Co., No. 123 West 30th Street, who manufacture wagons equal in style, finish and quality to any contemporary house in this country or Europe. This house was originally founded in 1837 by Mr. Charles Swift, the father-in-law of the present proprietor, at Leonard Street, between Broadway and Church Street, thence to No. 44 Mercer Street. Eventually, in consequence of a rapidly-increasing trade, the business was re John J. Bowes (Successor to John J. Bowes & Bro,), Manufacturer of Iron Work for Buildings, a pioneer of one of the progressive industries which has advanced with the growth of New York City.-We learn the senior member of the above firm commenced business some twenty or twenty-five years ago with comparatively small mechanical facilities, but by perseverance, tact, skill, and business abilities more room wfas necessary to meet the demands of his customers. We find later on John J. Bowes &e Bro., located at Nos. 240 and 242 WVest 29th Street, where they became well and favorably known in the business community, not only among their customers, but with the merchants who had deal ings with them. Mr. C. MI. Bowes having withdrawji from the firm we find John J. Bowes still continuing business in the large commodious seven-story building at Nos. 227 and 229 West 29th Street, which his constant]yincreasing business had compelled him to erect. Ithere we found on visiting his manlufactory that he had supplied himself with the most improved machinery for the different grades of work, and it would be a difficult task to find a more complete establishment in the city. An efficient corps of draughtsmen and designers are constantly employed and new and elegant patterns for all kinds of iron for building, such as columns, girders, shutters, doors, patent lights, sidewalk elevators, fireescapes, iron stairs, iron railings, etc., etc., will be given, and the work done in the shortest space of time by an army of skilled workmen. Artis tic ornamental wrought ironw o r k of i ntricate and original designs a specialty, and his facilities for producing it are not surpassed by any manufacturer in the country. We are informed that abundant capital enables him to take advantage of the market in purchasing his materials, so that he can guarantee his customers their orders will be filled as low as first-class labor and materials will warrant. The business although started as a local one and without an illustrated catalogue has become so widely known that we find its products in nearly every city in the United States. We can without hesitation say that after a quarter of a century's experience in his business, he is a progressive and representative man, whose reputation and well known character for fair and straightforward dealing with his customers and the business world, joined to his close application for that long period of time shows that he has done more than to demand success-he has deserved it. moved to its present eligible location. In 1874 Mr. Benjatnin lI. Coolehan succeeded to the business, and has since built up a liberal and influential patronage from the leading firms ii the metropolis, but still conducts the establishment under the old style and title of Swift & Co. The factory is very spacious and commodious, admirably arranged and equipped with all the 4atest machinery ands appliances for the manufacture of Wvagons, employment being given to a large number of skilled and experienced artisans. Only the best materials are utilized, carefully selected and well seasoned. From the very commencement this house determined to employ only thoroughly qualified workmen, and the result is that the express and delivery wagons turned out are absolutely unexcelled for dlurability, elegance, workmanship and general excellence. Mr. Coolehan is a native of Boston, and was for a uierly fn the dr y goo ds busin ess with L. M. Bates & Co. He is held in the highest estimation by the commuinity for his great executive ability and inflexible in 11-6 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. tegrity, and has always been an ardent advocate and supporter of any measure conducive to the benefit and welfare of his fellow citizens. He is assisted in his extensive business by Mr. Fred'k. Kotz, a gentleman fully conversant with every detail of the trade, and who has held the position of foreman for Swift & Co. for the last thirty-five years. Mr. Kotz is greatly respected by all classes of citizens for his geniality of disposition, sterling probity and honor, and justly merits the success attained by his perseverance and energy. Mr. Coolehan supplies Adams Express Co., McCreery & Co., Tiffany, Stern, Erich, etc., with express and delivery wagons, and those interested entering into business relations with this establishment may be assured of receiving not only just and liberal treatment, but likewise of obtaining manifest advantages in terms and prices. Those who want a cheap wagon will not find it here, but customers requiring a good one at a reasonable price cannot do better than give their orders to Swift & Co. A visit to the warerooms of the firm will satisfy purchasers and their friends that the productions of this house are without a rival, and justly deserve the commendations bestowed upon them. Swvift & Co., Wagon Builders, No. 123 West 30th Street, between Sixth and Seventh Avenues.-No line of manufacture shows more marked advancement in the last quarter of a century than wagon building, and the ponderous cumbersome vehicles which were the pride of our grandfathers, would now be regarded as monstrosities and utterly unsuitable. Among manufacturers engaged in this business in New York, who have gained prominence based on the merits of their productions, none stands higher than the popular and old established firmi of Swift & Co., No. 123 West 30th Street, who manufacture wagons equal in style, finish and quality to any contemporary house in this country or Europe. This house was originally founded in 1837 by Mr. Charles Swift, the father-in-law of the present proprietor, at Leonard Street, between Broadway and Church Street, thence to No. 44 Mercer Street. Eventually, in consequence of a rapidly-increasing trade, the business was re John J. Bowes (Successor to John J. Bowes & Bro.), Manufacturer of Iron Work for Buildings, a pioneer of one of the progressive industries which has advanced with the growth of New York City.-We learn the senior member of the above firm commenced business some twenty or twenty-five years ago with comparatively small mechanical facilities, but by perseverance, tact, skill, and business abilities more room was necessary to meet the demands of his customers. We find later on John J. Bowes & Bro., located at Nos. 240 and 242 WVest 29th Street, where they became well and favorably known in the business community, not only among their customers, but with the merchants who had deal ings with them. Mr. C. M. Bowes having withdrawni from the firm we find John J. Bowes still continuing business in the large commodious seven-story building at Nos. 227 and 229 West 29th Street, which his constantlyincreasing business had compelled him to erect. Here we found on visiting his manllufactory that he had supplied himself with the most improved machinery for the different grades of work, and it would be a difficult task to find a more complete establishment in the city. An efficient corps of draughtsmen and designers are constantly employed and new and elegant patterns for all kinds of iron for building, such as columns, girders, shutters, doors, patent lights, sidewalk elevators, fireescapes, iron stairs, iron railings, etc., etc., will be given, and the work done in the shortest space of time by an army of skilled workmen. Artistic ornamental wrought ironwork of intricate and original designs a specialty, and his facilities for producing it are not surpassed by any manufacturer in the country. We are informed that abundant capital enables him to take advantage of the market in purchasing his materials, so that he can guarantee his customers their orders will be filled as low as first-class labor and materials will warrant. The business although started as a local one and without an illustrated catalogue has become so widely known that we find its products in nearly every city in the United States. We can without hesitation say that after 1.1 quarter of a century's experience in his business, he is a progressive and representative man, whose reputation and well known character for fair and straightforward dealing with his customers and the business world, joined to his close application for that long period of time shows that he has done more than to demand success-he has deserved it. moved to its present eligible location. In 1874 Mr. Benjatnin M. Coolehan succeeded to the business, and has since built up a liberal and influential patronage from the leading firms in the metropolis, but still conducts the establishment under the old style and title of Shift & Co. The factory is very spacious and commodious, admirably arranged and equipped with all the 4atest machinery and appliances for the manufacture ofwagons, employment being given to a large number of skilled and experienced artisans. Only the best materials are utilized, carefully selected and well seasoned. From the very commencement this house determined to employ only thoroughly qualified workmen, and the result is that the express and delivery wagons turned out are absolutely unexcelled for durability, elegance, workmanship.and general excellence. Mir. Coolehan is a native of Boston, and was forinierly tn the dr y goo ds bus iness with L. M. Bates & Co. He is held in the highest estimation by the comIllulity for his great executive ability and inflexible in ii-i 118 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. ilsley, Doubleday & Co., Manufacturers of Bid well's Axle Gre ase, C rown and Pol ar Axle Grease, Lubricating Oils, &c., No. 159 Front Street, corner Fletcher Street.-A house th orough ly representative in its line of trade i s that of M essrs. Ilsley, Doubleday & Co., who have attained a world wide reputation for the manufac tur e of lubricators. The bus iness was establ i s hed in 1872, and by reason of wise and honorable management, ha s be en developed durin g the intervening period to proportions of the g re atest magnitude. The firm's location was originally a t No. 243 Pearl street, but the steady growth of trade c omp elled a r emoval to larger quarehu aters, and in November, 1882, they changed to their present eligible and central prem ises, which include a spacious and handsome o ffrice. at the corner of Front and Fletcher streets, and a most extensive manufactory situated at Nos. 340 and 342 Front street, and which comprises the two entire live-story buildings. Here they employ -a large number of han ds, and possess ever y facility and convenience for the man u facture of the ir sp ecialties upon the most extensive scale. They are the sole manufacturers of the famous "Bidwell's Axle-Grease," admitted by competent judges to be the best in existence. Other favorite brands manufactured by Messrs. Ilsley, Doubleday & Co., are the "Crown Axle Grease" and the "Anchor Axle Grease," which have through long years of service demonstrated their excellence. Among other specialties of the firm are Graphite Mill Grease, and a full line of lubricating oils, including steam refined cylinder, machinery oils, parafine and West Virginia oils. These lubricants are noted for their puriy, and for the entire absence of all de],'zrious substances such as acids, grit, &c., rendering them specially adapted to the requirements of mills and factories, railway and steamship companies, and manufacturers generally. Their establishment is also headquarters for winter bleached Sperm and Whale Oils, Lard, Neatsfoot, Bank and Straits Oils, &c. In the line of axle grease, the firm has permanently retained the lead. The trade covers every quarter of the globe, and the firm owns and controls a house of its own in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, forming a distributing point for the enormous quantities of axle grease that are consumed in the Australian colonies. Mr. Ilsley in the Spring of 1885, returned from a journey round the world, made on behalf of his firm's growing interests. The co-partners, Mr. William C. Ilsley, Mr. O. P. Doubleday and Mr. E. S. Doubleday are all practically experienced manufacturers, whose endeavor it is to merit by the exercise of the strictest principles of commercial probity and fair dealing, a continuance of the world-wide support they already enjoy. J. D.,rT. ]1B. Crimmins, Railroad Contractors etc., 68th and 69th Streets, Avenue A, and No. 1037 Third Avenue.-Few people have a remote idea of the extent of the business transacted by Messrs J. D. & T. E. Crimmins, unless their attention has been specially directed to the subject. Their operations, extending throughout the United States and Canada, in the build ing of public and private edifices, and in the con struction of railroads, are very extensive and are duly appreciated by those interested in the execution of great works and contracts. For the speedy fulfillment of contracts, the firm possesses all the necessary modern tools and appliances which can in any way assist or facilitate operations, including locomotives, excavators, complete plants of steam hoisting apparatus and steam drills, and during the busy season they often employ from 800 to 8000 men. To succesfully prosecute a busi ness of this kind on so vast a scale, requires experience, system, executive ability and large capital, each of which is possessed by this firm in a great degree. The individual members of this firm are Messrs. J. D and T. E. Crimmins, both natives of New York city, and who, as civil engineers and public contractors, are conversant with railroad construction and the erection of large buildings of any description, and whose enter prise and energy are well-known and appreciated. The firm is perhaps one of the most prominent in this country, and their facilities for executing contracts, are unsurpassed by those of any other similar estab lishment. These advantages joined to a long and hon orable commercial record, and combined with integrity and probity, have given them a reputation which is too generally recognized, to require any special commen dation at our hands. Mr. J. D. Crimmins is the efficient, popular, courteous president of the Park Department of public works, a position which he fills with much credit to himself and acceptability to the public. Thomas C. Bur rows, All D escriptions of Steel; Warehouse, Nos. 99 and 101 John Street.-One of the dis tinctive industries of New York which has contributed materially to its commerci al prosperity, is the extensive trade I n steel. The vast va riety of machinery, imple m ents an d u t ensils of every description now manufactured froma steel i s alm os t illimitable. Within the last twenty years a gigantic interest and industry have grown up, the u lt imate pr oportions of which cannot be conceived. A well known and reliable house e ngaged in the steel t rade is that of Mr. Thomas C. Burrows, whose warehouse is located at Nos. 99 and 101 John street. This business was established by t he prese nt proprietor in 1861, and since its inception at that d at e has built up a large and permanent trade. With the increase of population and the advance of manufacturing in every c onceivable f orm, the demand for steel has c aus ed it s manufacture to grow i1 importance until it has rea ched its present immense proportions. Following the demand, the inventive brain has given to the manufacturer new and improved processes f or the p ro d uction of steel, at a lower price than would at present seem possible, and at the present day cast and machinery steel is produced at about one-half the price a few years ago. Mr. Burrows is sole agent for t he Jersey City Steel Co., which manufactures all descriptions of ste el, viz: Tool, Die, Machinery, Sp ring, Tire, Toe calk and other staple grades, besides many other varieties for special purposes. Be also supplies promptly odd sizes that cannot be found in any stock thus affording the advantage to consumers of a warehouse connected with a mill by telephone. The facilities of this house have expanded with the lapse of years since its establishment, and are now such as can only apply to those thoroughly understanding the business. Fersonally, Mr. Burrows is greatly respected by the community for his excellent business qualities and sterling integrity. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 118 I I ]D. ]K. Bayne & CO-, Coffees, No. 33 Water Street. -Among the leading houses engaged in this line is that of Messrs. D. K. Bayne & Co., No. 33 Water street. This business was established In 1881, under the firm name of Simmons S; Bayne, which lasted for three years. In December 1868, the house was changed to its present name, the co-partners being Messrs. D. K. an(I 0. E. Bayne. Mr. D. K. Bayne has been identified with the coffee trade since 1868, and he Is one of the most widely known men on the street. The firm do a very large business in their line and, giving It as they do their closest personal attention, are enabled to promptly fill al.- orders in a manner entirely satisfactory to their patrons. It Is such firms as this that are the recognized exponents of the various branches of metropolttan commerce, and they well merit the high degree of prominence to which their own energy and enterprise hav,a unerringly attained. -~ ~ ~ E OKSLADN NUTIS 1 Oaeo. W. Stetson & Co., American and Scotch Pig Irons, No. 69 Wall Street.-The increasing use of iron is a prominent characteristic of the present age, and every day sees some new application of it in the mechanical arts. Although the most useful of metals, it was not the first known to man, the difficulty of reducing it from its ores naturally making it a later acquisition than gold, silver or copper. Cast iron, with the exception of steel, is the most recent of the three principal forms in which iron is used at present, and its general use has effected a great revolution in the trade, on account of the saving in making articles which heretofore were fashioned by the hammer from wrought iron. A leading house engaged in dealing extensively in American and Scotch pig iron, is that of Messrs. Geo. W. Stetson & Co., No. 69 Wall street, which was established in 1882 by the present proprietors, who, however, have both had an experience of nearly a quarter of a century in this trade. Messrs. G. W. Stetson & Co., are agents for the following well-known and reliable companies, viz: Manhattan Iron Works,New York; Carbon Iron and Pipe Company (limited), Penn.; Hudson Iron Co.,Hudson, N. Y.; Montour Iron and Steel company, of Pennslyvania; Macungie Iron Company, of Pennslyvania, and several others. In cpnsequence of their extensive connections in this country and Scotland, they possess ample facilities for conducting all operations under the most favorable auspices, and are always prepared to render their patrons every possible advantage. All orders are promptly filled, and it is the earnest endeavors of this reliable firm to merit by the strictest principles of mercantile integrity and just dealing, a continuance of the liberal support it has already enjoyed. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. George W. Stetson and W. W. Van. Voorhis, who are greatly respected in commercial life, and justly merit the large measure of success which has attended their well directed efforts. The influence exercised by this house in the pig iron trade has been of the most salutary and useful character, and those establishing a connection with it, may depend upon receiving prompt and liberal treatment, and such marked advantages as can with difficulty be duplicated elsewhere in the metropolis. A. W. Almqvist, Patent Solicitor, to. 23 Park Row.-The soliciting of patents, trade marks, etc., in accordance with an intricate patent law, and the manifold rulings under the same, requires much skill in the preparation of the cases, and nice technical distinctions in the prosecution and in suits in interference, and forms an independent branch of law business, which has em barked in it some of the ablest professional men of New York city. As such we mention A. W. Almqvist, Esq, who is a native of Sweden, but has resided in this country since about 1860. He has a large connection both at home and abroad, and enjoys a large patronage. He solicits both American and foreign patents, and, being a theoretical and practical mechanical engineer, draughtsman and machinist of life-long experience, and having an experience of nearly twenty years in the patent business, renders efficient service to his clients, not only in legal matters, but also by valuable sugges tions for simplifying constructions, and by putting their ideas into practical shape. Mr. Almqvist is a practi cal, experienced man of business, up in all points relating to patents, and an invaluable adviser to those needing the services of a solicitor, transacting all business thoroughly. Mr. Almqvist is also the successful translator of Bishop Johan Olof Wallin's famous poem, "The Angel of Death." This translatlon has been attempted and abandoned by many eminent men. Prominent literary men of the day have expressed in writing their appreciation of Mr. A.'s work, in language, of unprecedented praise and emotional feeling. Ogden & Wtze nmayrer, F ire, Marine and Inland Insurance, No. 83 Li berty S treet.-The great bulk of the Insurance business is transacted through responsible agents, and among the leading firms In this line is that of Messrs. Ogden & Katzenmayer, whose handsome offxces are a t No. 83 L iberty str eet. They have been established eight years, and from a small beginning have built up a large and influential patronage. They are agents for the following old established and reliable companies: The Merchants I nsurance Company of Newark, New J ersey; th e Fireman's Fund Insurance Company of California, one of the staunchest organizati on s in the United States; and the Newark Fire Insuranc e Compa ny of Newark, New Jersey. These are among the solidest and mo st successful comp a ni es in the world, an d ha ve alway s p ai d every loss in full. Messrs. Ogden and Katzenmayer are expert underwriter s a nd p oss ess every facility fo r pla c ing fire marine and inland insurance u n der the mo st favorable auspices, and in a way satifactory to the insured and the companies they represent. Both m embe r s of the firm are enterprising, active business men, whose affairs ar e c onducted on the strictest principles of commercial honor. Th at they are appreciated by the mercantile commun ity, is ev inced b y the large and prosperous patronage they e njoy. Parso ns, S carlett & Co., Tailors, aNo. 3a a Fifth Avenue.-The metropol is ha s long been noted for its enterpris e and energy, bu t in no branch of business activity has greater progress been made than in the line of fine tailoring. Thi s is abundan tly dem on s trated to any one who carefully inspects Messrs. Parsons, Scarlett & Co's., stock of all th at i s f ashi onabl e i n the l atest patterns an d realizes from a practical test the exquisite fit and elegant finish of all g arments leaving t heir establishment. The individual members o f th is co-pa rtnership are Messrs. True Parsons, James Scarlett and A. W. Wallander, who are gentlemen of executive ability, excellent taste and judgment and inflexible integrity, by the exerc ise of which they hav e built up a large and permanent trade among our wealthy and r efined citizens. The firm's establishment is centrally and eligibly located, and is not only commodious and elegantly fitted up, but contains a splendid assortment of the finest goods, directly imported from Europe, and from which the most fastidious and critical customer can easily suit himself, while the fit and finish of the house is too well known, as perfection itself, to require further comment. This business was founded by the present proprietors in 1880 at No. 930 Broadway, but in consequence of the disastrous fire which destroyed the Park Theatre, was removed to its present convenient and fashionable position. All trimmings, satins and silks used in the production of the garments, are made to order by the most noted foreign manufacturers. The facilities of this firm for the prompt fulfilment of orders are absolutely unexcelled, and embrace a large corps of the best workmen in the city whose operations are all conducted under the personal supervision of the proprietors. The high personal character of Messrs. Parsons, Scarlett & Co., is a sufficient guarantee of the reliable manner in which all garments are manufactured, and by the ability displayed in successfully conducting this large and growing business which must con tinue to assure an increased patronage from the best classes of society. Ill concluding this sketch it only remains to be added, that this house is an important acquisition to the city, by vitrtue of the large number of persons employed, and also in the strictly honorable manner in which all its operations are conducted, and the energy, Judicious management and correct business methods which have invariably characterized the trans actions of t he members of the firm have but resulted in the well deserved high standing to which they have attdlned. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 119 120 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. members of this co-partinerslip, Mcessrs. F. and F. A. Dana, are both nat. -es of New York, and are highly esteomea ill flna'u~'a life. The Rtizard Powder Company of Hazardville Conn., Manufacturers of Gunpowder; OMbce, No. 63 Pine Street, New York.-The name of "The Hazard Powder Company," is instinctively associated in the public mind with the famous brands of gunpowder manufactured at Hazardville, Conn. In a comprehensive historical re view of the business interests of New Yo;k, it will be interesting to give a short account of this famous com pany that produces the Hazard gunpowder, which is highly esteemed all the world over in consequeace olt its unsurpassed quality, strength and uniform excel lence. Thisbusiness was originally founded in 1834, and since its inception at that period has obtained a world wide fame. The high reputation permanently main tained for the last half century is due to the care at every stage bestowed on the manaf,,ture of this unriv alled gunpowder, and to the constant personal super vision given to all the processes and character of materials. The quantity of saltpetre and nitrate of soda annually consumed here is enormous, amounting to several million pounds, imported wholly from India and South America. The company takes especial pains to produce a thoroughly pure and reliabl e quality of saltpetre, uses only India saltpetre in its powder and consequently has devised the most rigid tests. All descriptions of powder for military and naval purposes are made at the mills, such as hexagonal, prismatic, cannon, rifle and pistol. In this connection it may be noted that some of the powder used in recent experiments by the U. S. Government, with heavy cannon, including those made with the Haskell Multicharge gun at Sandy Hook, was manufactured by The Hazard Powder Company. It also manufactures, Electric Duck shooting and various grades of rifle sporting powder, as well as blasting and mining powders. During the Crimean war in 1855, the allied forces, to enable them to prosecute the siege of Sebastopol, were obliged to procure large supplies of gunpowder from the United States, a large quantity of which was furnished by the Hazard Mills, and their powder was stated to be superior to that of European manufacture. The following gentlemen are the officers of the company, viz: vice president, R. L. Wheeler; secretary, George Weightman; treasurer, Wm. S. Colvin, and the New York offices are centrally and eligibly located at No. 63 Pine Street. This powder has a wide sale in the United States and is also handled extensively as an article of export. The Hazard Mills are so well known in connection with the manufacture of gunpowder that the degree of purity and excellenee maintained in its preparation is most favorably mentioned by military authorities. The company's standing in commercial circles is too high to require any comments atour hands. DlLran(d & Co., Mwou.racturing Jewelers, etc., No 44 East 14th Street.-Oe of the uldost and most re liable m a n uf acturi ng jewe! ry estLblishments of New York, is that of Messrs. Duasu d & Co., No. 44 East 14th street, whose busines a s ha s I-eme one of the most important commercial enterpplsea in this line in th e metropolis. The members of the ria are pract ic al an d tal ented bcusiness men, with arS ple experience and fir st class connections with the trade. They are manufacturers of all descriptions of One gold jewelry, a nd have every pos sibl e facility for t urning out reliable a nd artistic wo rk. Th e factory is locate d at New a rk, and is admir tbly equipped with all the l atest machinery a nd ap I)liances known to the t rade, emplo yme nt being given to 150 skille ad and expe rienced workmen. As man ufac turing jewelers they elave no superiors, and their trad e is, In all respects, a large an d st rictly first-class o ne with prominent retailers. From the foundat ion of their w rusiness, they a im ed at producing only the highest iuality of jew elry, and no pains or e xpens e are spared to accomplish this object. Close application to bus inessand strict personal supervision of their establish ment, combined with honorable dealing and thorough integrity in all transactions, form the basis upon which Messrs. Durand & Co. have built up their extensive business; their well-known name being a sufficient ,-uarantee for the excellence of their goods. The indi vidual members of this co-partnership, are Messrs. W. B. and Wallace Durand and Joseph G. Ward, gentle inen of the greatest ability and of the most decided taste and originality, in the manufacture of artistic jewelry. In all their transactions, they will be found I)rompt, liberal and enterprising. Edward Barr Company, Limited, Machinists,Mininig Factory and Steamship Supplies, No. 78John Street. -In this historical review, we have made some general remarks upon the clearacter of those manufacturing enterprises, which have done so much to promote the fame of New York as a producing and distributing centre. In this connection, attention is directed to the well known and reliable Edward Barr Company, which was established in 1875, by Mr. Edward Barr, and was continued by him with great success till 1883, when it was organized into a Limited Company, the following gentlemen, well known for their great executive ability in mercantile circles being the officers, viz: President, A. Rasines, Secretary and Treasurer, Edward Barr. The p.remises occupied are very spacious and commodious, and are completely stocked with a varied assortment of wrought and cast iron pipe, boiler tubes and railway equipment, machinists, mining, factory and steamship supplies, which are purchased direct from the most famous manufacturers and are offered to the trade at the lowest market prices. The trade extends throughout this country and Canada,and a large export business is carried on with South America, Europe, Australia and Japan. Attention is given to whatever may be re. quired in mining, factory and steamship supplies. The president, Mr. A. Rasines, is an active and practical business man, and is widely known for his strict integrity and for the honorable manner in which he attends to the interests of patrons. Mr. Rasines is a member of the New York Metal Exchange, and the company ontemplate the sale of a well known Pennsylvania brand of pig iron. This department will be managed by Mr. Rasines, who being on Change daily can thus give all orders entrusted to the company his personal attention. The Secretary and Treasurer, M'r. E. Barr, faithfully diseharges the onerous duties devolving upon him and brings to bear trained talents of the highest order in the interests of the company. Dana & Co. Importers of Rails, Pig Iron, Wire Rods and Steel, No. 20 Nassau Street.-Our railroads areconstantly extending their tracks and increasing their equipments in order to keep pace with the rapid development of the country. These facts have caused a great demand for steel rails and iron, and have induced many reliable firms to,engage in the importation of these railway supplies. Among these special mention should be made of the old established and responsible house of Messrs. Dana & Co., whose offices are centrally and conveniently located at No. 20 Nassau street. This business was founded in 1864, and since its inception at that date has obtained a liberal and influential patronage from several of our leading railroad companies. In consequence of their extensive British and continental connections, they possess every facility for conducting all operations in steel rails and pig iron wire rods, &c., &c., under the most favorable auspices, and are always prepared to grant their patrons every possible advantage. The individual NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 120 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 121 through all transactions, has been mutually advantageous to the corporations represented, while the insured having such entire confidence in the management, permanently renew their policies year after year. The volume of the firm's annual business has thus attained very extended proportions, and their popularity has grown apace, both with the public and in insurance circles. As an illustration of this, it may be stated that at the commencement of the year 1885, they were appointed agents for the Providence Washington Insurance company, of Providence, R. I., a company which, though fast approaching its centennial year, (having been founded in 1799,) is still as vigorous, thrifty and responsible as of old and has ever fully met all its obligations. Both Mr. Lothrop and Mr. Scott are widelyknown in the metropolitan community, and have developed a patronage and a business, that place them in the front rank of our representative Afre underwriters. Lothrop & Scott, Fire Insurance, No. 45 William Street.-So vast is the magnitude of the values repre sented by the residential and business structures of the metropolis that the field for fie insurance is by far the most important in the United States, and the metropoli tan public has gladly welcomed the advent in their midst of the leading and financially responsible foreign and State corporations that offer insurance aga i nst fire losses. A firm, the names of whose co-partners are both familiar and respected in commercial circles, is that of MIessrs. Lothrop & Scott. Both Mr. William K. Lothrop, and Mr. William A. Scott, bring to bear practical experience as Fire Underwriters, and have ever retained the confidence of the community at large. About six years ago, they entered into co-partnership under their existing name and style to establish a central fire insurance agency, and were located at No. 170 Broadway until December, 1884, when they removed to their present eligible and central premises at No. 45 William street, where their extensive and handsomely furnished offices afford every facility for the transaction of their steadily increasing business. The firm are the agents in New York for the Lion Fire Insurance company of London, the Scottish Union and National Insurance company, the Connecticut Fire Insurance company of Hartford, Conn., and the old established Providence Washington Insurance company. It was in 1879, that they became the representatives of the Connecticut Fire Insurance company, and which has had such a staple and successful career since organization in 18&0. Its connections have been extended and its agencies established in all parts of the United States, and it has proved an invaluable source of strength and assistance to the fraternity of Underwriters in every large centre of population. Notably is this the case in New York, where under the energetic and conservative management of Messrs. Lothlrop & Scott, the company has done an eminently safe and satisfactory business of extended magnitude. The year 1884 has been one of prosperity to the Connecticut, its total assets amounting to $1,868,881, a dlecided increase over the figures of 1883, while the net surplus to policy holders amounts to the large sum of $1,241,644, with a reinsurance reserve of $530,579. Its assets are probably among the best invested in the United States, including as they do bank, trust company, and railway stocks and bonds, that are sure dividend payers and in the majority of cases quoted far above par. The officers of the company are, president, Mr. J. D. Brown; secretary, Mr. C. R. Burt; and assistant secr etary, Mr. L. W. Clarke, gentlemen who rank among Hartford's most influential and respected business men, while they are spoken of in New York insurance circles as among the most successful and reliable managers of the large interests of such a large company as is the Connecticut, with a cash capital of $1,)0,000, and assets of over $1,800,000. The company has maintained the highest of reputations in the New York insurance field, and under Messrs. Lothrop & Scott's able management has done one of the largest businesses in the field of underwriting. its risks written by them running up in the millions, and with a proportionately siall average of losses, due not so much to good fortune as to their careful selection of risks. In 1880, when Mr. Martin Bennett, Jr., the former president of the Connecticut Fire Insurance Company, had been selected as the American manager of the Lion of London, and Scottish Union Insurance Companies. Messrs. Lothrop & Scott were appointed by him the flew York agents of these two deservedly popular companies, offering their numerous customers opportunities of securing policies in two of the most responsible and successful old world companies. The firm's wtidespread ooutectiolus, the pa'" Sleet' intimate:,nowlcdge or alt d^crlptions of residential and business pro;perty in this city, coupled with their personal o)versight in carryingn GHllinder & Sons, Glass Manufacturers, Corner Oxford and Howard Streets, Philadelphia; New York Office: No. 61 Park Place, Robert S. Plowman, Manager.-One of the great staple American industries is that of the manufacture o f g lassware, and in this branch of enterprise, the leading and oldest established house is unquestionably that of Messrs. Gillinder & Sons, of Philadelphia. The business was originally founded in 1861, bythe father of the present proprietors, and who have during the lengthy intervening period developed a trade of great magnitude, and which to day covers every section of the United States. Their extensive works are advantageously located at the corner of Oxford and Howard streets in that city, and are among the most substantial and best equipped concerns of the kind in existence. Some idea of the magnitude of the industry developed here, may be gathered when we state that between 350 and 400 men find employment, while the firm has recently entered upon the manufacture of window glass upon an extensive scale, and are turning out the finest qualities fully equal to the best Manchester or French window glass. None but the choicest selected materials are allowed to enter into their manufactory, and the closest expert supervision is maintained over all the processes of manufacture. The house of Gillinder & Sons, is directly represented to its wholesale customers by three large agencies located respectively in New York, Boston, and Baltimore. Here in New York the firm's goods are d'. played in one of the most central and eligible locations in the city, viz: No. 61 Park Place, and where Mr. Robert S. Plowman is the active and popular manager. He has long been familiarly known to our business community, and has ever retained the confidence and esteem of the public at large. He carries the finest sample stock of choice cut and pressed table glassware, opal and colored gas and lamp goods, in the city including as it does, all the choicest artistic novelties and original designs in table ware. Cornelius C. Ellis, S hip Broker and Owner, No. 60 South Street.-One of the best known and most popular man connected with the shipping interests of this city is Mr. Cornelius 0. Ellis, whose office is at No. 60 South street. This gentleman was born on Staten Island, and from early boyhood evinced a love for nautical pur. suits, after serving a due apprenticeship he became a sea captain and for many years followed the sea. He owns many powerful tug,s, such as the Cyclops, Baltic, Excelsior, Exchange Union, and others which are engaged in the river and harbor:elvlce. Mr. Ellis does a gen,eral ship brokerage business, and has been ill that :ine for twenty yoars. Ile is known to the whole commpercial community and is litgh-y esteemed as an lhonorablo, ir, igh+, and lnflueltial citizen. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 121 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. sperm and signal oils, all standards in their line, and in steady consumption by the largest railroads, mills, and factories in the United States. They are free from all adulterants, and extraneous matter of any sort, and thus every particle counts as a lubricant, rendering them the best and most economical oils in the market. The firm are likewise sole proprietors and manufacturers of Downer's Valve Lubricant for steam cylinders. It stands a high fire test, and is warranted free from gum, grit and corrosive action; Downer's Polishing Oil, for bright metals and furniture, and which has stood the severest tests, so that it is highly recommended by railroad companies, fire departments, and government institutions; Downer's Beltoleum, for leather belting, and Downer's Harness Dressing are most excellent and unrivalled for the purposes intended, always keeping the leather clean, soft and pliable. Mr. Downer's polishing oil is a wonderful invention, and has won the medal of superiority wherever exhibited. It cleans, beautifies and preserves, and is not only the most economical but the most labor-saving polishing oil ever offered to the public. Another great discovery which Mr. Downer has made in the interests of the industrial and commercial world, and which proves his superior scientific qualifications, is his Improved Anti-Incrustation Steam Boiler Liquid, for the prevention and removal of scale in steam boilers, and which is safe, effective and economical, and will prolong the life of marine and stationary boilers beyond the most sanguine expectations of experts. This liquid contains no acid, leaves no sediment, and is absolutely harmless to the boiler, its steam raising qualities and packing. No argument need be advanced here as to the need of keeping a boiler free from scale, both as regards economy and safety, and in the Downer anti-incrustation liquid owners and engineers have the one infallible remedy at a reasonable price, and in every case guaranteed to prevent the formation of scale. It has come into general use, and is emphatically the boilers' best friend. Messrs. Torrey & Eaton, of the government assay office, have carefully examined this liquid, making a number of comparative tests with old-time leading scale preventing compounds, and as a result strongly commend its use, regarding it as safe, effective and economical, and that the proper use of it will keep a boiler in fine condition. In preventing scale, it economizes fuel and prolongs the life of a boiler beyond all previous estimates. Personally, Messrs. Downer & Hadden rank among the most popular members of the mercantile community. Ever alive to the wants of the public, they have attained a prominence in their line justly due to the intrinsic'merits of their goods, and those who enter into commercial relations with them will secure decided advantages. Whitney & Kemmerer, Coal Shippers and Wholesale Dealers-Albert Darling, Sales-Agent, Offices: No. 111 Broadway.-The proximity of New York to the leading colleries of Pennsylvania, and its unsurpassed position as regards economical transportation facilities, render it one of the most convenient distributing points in this section and the New England States, for that important element in the commercial and manufacturing greatness of the country-coal. Among the representative concerns actively engaged in this trade is that of Messrs. Whitney & Kemmerer of Philadelphia, with New'York headquarters at No. 111 Broadway, under the management of Mr. Albert Darling. The firm was formed in 1870 at Philadelphia, their allied interests representing the choicest production of the Lehigh region. A little later their operations were extended to the New York and Eastern markets, by shipment to tide of the following coals: "UPPER LEHIGH," "COUNCIL RIDGE," and "SANDY RUN," all of them being mined from the "BUOK MOUNTAIN VEIN." The peculiarity of the Buck Mountain Vein ooals is in their great heat producing powers, with that ready ignition characteristic of coal obtained in the Lackawanna district. The Council Ridge grade is a pink ash coal; the Sandy Run a red ash, much valued by potteries and those dealers who command a fine family trade. In addition to the products of the Buck Mountain Vein, they handle the Harleigh coal, a big vein, white ash Lehigh. One of their best known articles is the Plymouth vein Wilkesbarre coal, which has won for itself a leading place as a family coal. These qualities of coal are widely recognized as forming the best and most economical fuel, both for steam and domestic purposes, and the aggregate annual sales have grown to many thousands. Messrs. Whitney & Kemmerer ship these coals direct from the mines in cargo lots to suit, and are conducting a constantly developing trade. They have a shipping office at Mauch Chunk, at the head of navigation of the Lehigh Canal, and distant a few hours only from all these collieries. A large inland trade radiating from Philadelphia, receives the entire attention of the home office, while the large Line,Tide, Seaboard and Eastern shipments are managed by the New York house. It is evident that they possess unquestioned facilities to fill the largest orders, either by rail o~ water, promptly and satisfactorily. In meeting the demands of the market for a superior grade of coke, they offer the production of the Connellsville Coke and Iron Co., manufactured from "Basin Coal," the quality of which is well attested by the decided advantages gained from its use in the cupola and foundry for melting purposes. This firm is known in commercial circles for their honorable methods and integrity and is an exponent of the legitimate and conservative wholesale merchants and miners of the coal trade. A. H. Downer & Co., Manufa-turers of Engine, Machinery, Cylinder, Spindle, Lard, Sperm, Tallow and Signal Oils; also, of Downer's Improved Anti-Incrustation Steam Boiler Liquid; Office and Warehouse, 273 Water Street.-In the line of the manufacture of high grade lubricating and signal oils,,&c., unquestionably one of the oldest established and most representative houses in the metropolis is that of Messrs. A. H. Downer & Co., of No. 273 Water street. The business which was founded in 1866, has by an honorable and conservative and yet thoroughly enterprising management, been developed to extensive proportions. The co-partners of this'popular house, Mr. A. H. Downer and Mr. James C. Hadden, have both permanently retained the esteem and confidence of the entire community. They bring practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of every claws of consumers, factors which are worthy of record. They manufacture and deal in the best refined qutalities of engine, machinery, cylinder, spindle, lard, Charles J. Godfrey, Arms, Ammunition, &c., No. 7 Warren Street.-In writing a detailed account of the industries of New York, with some mention of those individual enterprises that have conduced so greatly to the benefit of the community, we must not overlook the fact that no little vitality has emanated from a trade in arms, ammunition, &c., which is becoming more important every year. Prominent among the leading and well known houses in this line, is that of Mr. Charles J. Godfrey, No. 7 Warren street. He has been estab. lished since 1869, and from a small beginning his trade has attained mammoth proportions. He is an extensive importer and is agent for some of the largest manufturers in Europe, and carries a complete stock of gunn pistols, ammunition and sporting goods generally, the trade extending over the United States. Mr. Godfrey has ever mantained an excellent reputation as ax honorable,energetic business man,liberal and fair in all his dealings, and well deserving of the success he hu attained. 122 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Travers Brothers, Manufacturers of Twines, Ham- enterprise, thrift and prosperity, the same has grown to mocks and Sash Cords, No. 107 Duane Street.-This is an become a large and opulent industry. The members of old and thoroughly representative New York house, its the co-partnership as now existing are Messrs. F. C. Travorigin going as far back as forty years ago, when the ers, V. P. Travers and A. F. Travers. The business has father of the present co-partners started this industry at been conducted by them during the past thirteen years, No. 84 Maiden Lane, and from a small beginning, through and through their well-directed efforts has become the ~a sjRI tr ~ fOj~i~~ ~ ~! ___ ___ _ > ~Sgvm~x~ se%hl >~t~s Am-a~S~ss T-ie Braided Edge Mexican Hammocks, Manufactured by Travers Brothers. the members of this first-class firm are all active energetic, able business men, well known and well regarded in both trade and social circles. leading house of its character in this city. These gentlemen are manufacturers of all kinds of twines, ham. mocks, spreaders, anchor ropes and kindred articles, doing in these a large local and home, and a good share of foreign, trade. A very valuable article, known as the patent Mexican grasshammock, is manufactured by the Travers Brothers, an illustration of which we append. They are the only manufacturers of this article in the Unite d States. It is wov en in ex act ly th e s ame way as the ordinary Mexican hammock and of the same fibre, only they are much superior in workmanship, are uniform in quality, and are better goods every way. In connection with hammocks we also wish to call attention to their "hammock supports," anew thing, intended for children's household use. mhe Travers Brothers are also the New York agents for the Silverlake Manufacturing Co., manufacturers of braided sash cords, lines, soap-stone packing, etc., all of which they keep on hand at all times a full supply, Possessing ample capital and large trade facilities the Travers Brothers are able to bring the prices of these goods down to a minimum, a fact that their constantly increasing trade bears testimony to. They control three large and extensive factories, which are fitted up in the most modern way, and supplied with the newest and most perfect machinery known in this line by which labor and corresponding prices can be reduced. Their New York factory is located at Fifty-second street and Tenth Avenue, their cute factory at Paterson, N. J., and their hemp factory at Indian Orchards,'ass. Altogether, in their various factories, as many as fifteen hundred hands find constant employment. A number of experienced and reliable salesmen are constantly kept on the road to look after the requirements of their numerous customers, and at no previous time in this firm's history was their trade in a more satisfactory and flourishing condition. Personally, E. B. Benjamnin, Importer and, Manufacturer of Chemical Goods and Physical Apparatus, No. 6 Barclay Street and No. 12 Vesey Street.-This house is the oldest in its line in New York. It was founded by Mr. E. B. Benjamin, who is to-day one of the most widely known importers and manufacturers of chemical goods and physical apparatus. An immense stock is carried, embracing the finest French and Bohemian chemists' and druggists' glassware and porcelain, fine chemicals, balances and weights, laboratory utensils, assayers', chemists' and perfumers' articles, felt and paper filtres, etc., also general minerals and fossils. Chemical, electrical and physical apparatus of every description are manufactured, and Mr. Benjamin is the sole agent for the celebrated Trommsdorff's pure chemicals for laboratories, platinum wire, foil, crucibles, etc. All goods made and sold by this house have a standard reputation. It received a medal at the Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia, in 18'.76, and was the only one in this line that was thIe recipient of a medal and certificate of award, signed by all the judges. This certificate was prepared by Dr. William Odling, who was professor of chemistry at Oxford University, England. pMr. Benfamin had also an exhibit at the Brazilian Pedagogical Exposition, where he received a certificate of: award, in addition to being thanked by the Government. He has numerous letters in his possession from professional men acknowledging the merits of goods, etc. The facilities enjoyed by MIr. Benjamin for conducting all transactions are ample, and he is prepared to grant customers every possible advantage. He is a tbor- agh business man, honorable and energetic, and well dt~rving of the success he has attained. 12:g NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. The Shaugraum has a porter only, aud the Tourist, cook and waiter. Trhe "Edw in F orre st" and"David Garrick" so called after the famous actor, and thae "Yellowstone," namned aft er th e N ati onal Park, havo recentl y been completed Ly the Jackson & Sharp Coompany, and are a bsolutely unsurpassed for elegance of furniture, worlkmanship and equip me nt, and possesses th e luxury and comfort of wel l ordered mansions. Th e Wo rcester Excursion Car Company was incorporated in 1877 with a capital of 250,000, the following gentlemen bei ng the officers: President, JeromeMarble; Treasur er, Chas. B. Pratt; Sup erintendent, W. H. Shuey; Secretary; A. B. F. Kin ne y; Auditor, Co.. Houghton. The New York Graphic ably describe the comfort and convenience of these magnificent cars: "One can scarcely fancy the independence of this life on the rail, no packing or unpacking-one tra veling costume and ha nd-bag ar e all sufficient. No timne is lost in finding a hotel or bargaining with a hackmansimply a seaso n of rest a nd enjoyment." The business of the Wo rcester Excursio n Car Comp any is justly not only asource of pride to the citizens of New York, but also the entire country at large, while the officers of the company, educated to their calling, are well-qualified to attend to it in all its branches, and with a due regard to the interests of its numerous customers. Juan N. Navarro, General Commission Merchant, and Consul General for Mexico, No. 35 Broadway.-The foreign commission business forms a very important branch of industry in the metropolis, and materially contributes to its prosperity, and among the house% most actively engaged in connection with the Mexican trade is that of Senor Juan N. Navarro, No. 35 Broadway. This business was established in 1864, by Senor Juan N. Navarro, the Consul General for Mexico, who since its inception at that date, has obtained an influential and permanent patronage Irom many or our wealthy merchants, who are actively engaged in the Mexican trade. The house handles all kinds of goods on commission, suitable for the requirements of the Mexican market and guarantees quick sales and prompt returns. Liberal advances are made on consignments, and the facilities enjoyed by this reliable house enables it to advance in the highest degree the interests of patrons. There is scarcely any business carried on at the present day in which experience is so essential a requisite as in this one, and in this particular this establishnnent possesses every advani,tge in its favrrIt is impossible to estimate the growth and increase of the trade between the Unitt.,! States and Mexico, durthe past five years, but it is manifest to tiel careful observer, that there is a great tuture lo the commerce of these two adjacent republics. Mexico has long maihtained the rank of the greatest silver producing country in the world, yet her mines have never received anything but the most primitive development. While the country is capable of producing the raw material of both mineral and other productions in greater variety and quality than almost any other, the manufacturing interests are unimportant as compared with the great natural advantages offered. A more promising field for the operations of American capital and enterprise was never opened. What is needed is the introduction of American methods in mining and treating theores, improved machlinery in manufactures and a griculture, and these with~ the already acquired railway service, and the mnfusion of enterprise and energy are the elements that Mexico has waited for so long, and now welcomes so heartily. Senor Navarro gives all information to patrons with reg ard to custom duties on freights, and also all details relative to provisions for bondinge goods. eta. Patrons and those interested in the Mexican trade will Aind their interests faithfully guarded and pro[ tected by this representative and responsible house. American Coal Company, Miners and Shippers of Georges Creek Semi-Bituminous Coal, Office No. 110 Broadway.-No interest in the ranbe of industrial and commercial activity is mot e importan'. than that of coal, and both as regards capital invested, and the direct benefits derivable therefrom to all classes of the c,.mmunity, no branch of trade is of a more useful or necossary character. In this connection we desire to make s uitable reference to the American Coal Conmpany, one of the oldest established corporations of the kind in New York, and which has been actively engaged in baincss for nearly thirty years past. The officers of the company are as follows: President, Mr. G. P. Lloyd; Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. W. DeL.Walbridge; Sale s Agent, Mr. George W. Wallis; all of whom bring vast practical experience to bear in their respective spheres of action, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade. The company are miners and shippers of the celebrated Georges Creek Semi-Bituminous coal, from their own mines in Allegany County, Maryland, and which has long been one of the most popular fuels in the market for steam and manufacturing purposes. Its combustion is intense and long continued, and the coal is a general favorite. The annual consumption is large and steadily increasing, requiring the employment of a large force of miners and extensive transporation facilities. The company's officers devote themselves with creditable energy and enterprise to the developement of their trade, and the coal is largely consumed in New York and throughout the Eastern States. The Georges Creek coal has only to be tried to be appreciated; the company excercises the greatest care in preparing it for market, and manufacturers, retail yards, and large consumers will consult their own interests by making a thorough trial of this famous coal, which has never yet failed to give entire satisfaction. 'Me Worcester Excursion Car Company, Worcester, Mass., New York Office, No. 115 Broadway.-The object of the Worcester Excursion Car Company is to provide special cars, designed and constructed to meet the wants of parties desiring the comforts and privacy of their occupancy to the exclusion of all other travelers, ald not to interfere or come into competition with any of the palace car companies, operating regularly on the various railways throughout the country. Dramatic companies, pleasure excursionists, hunting or fishing parties, or business men requiring the use of private hotel cars, which may be run on any railway, can lease the elegant coaches of the company for any length of time. Three competent men, porter, cook and Gaiter accompany each car. Every car is equipped with the Janney-Miller combination coupler and buffer and the Westinghouse automatic air brake, and is furnished with the latest car heaters, splendid dining-room and parlor furniture, Wilton carpets, electric bells, bedding and table linen, and, in fact everything necessary for the comfort andpleasure of its occupants. The Worcester Excursion Car Company will furnish upon application diagrams and rental rates for its private cars, which are at present as follows: ~ 76 City of Worcestel. Parlor Dining & Sleeper. 59ft 31 n 86 Jerome M.,rbble..... "' 72 6 96 Charles B. Pratt... "," 69 6 l{E Edwin Forrest......[,;. t, 72 6 116 David Garrick.....!.".. ".4 3 126 |Yellowstone..........1.,... a t4 3 1i$Shaugraun............ IParlor and Sleeper. 68 146iTourist..................iDining and Baggage. 57 10 A11 of t he abov e cars, with the exception of the Shaugraunand Touriro;t, lave a porter, cook and waiter. I p .7 7 124 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 125 way equipment, bringing to bear a wider range of experience than any one else in the business. Mr. Whiton was educated as a civil engineer and was employed in that capacity for many years on the New York and Erie and other railroads. He has also had a large experience as superintendent and has therefore a practical knowledge of the requirements of railways. Whiting & Campbell, Manufacturers of Paper Hangings and Shades, Nos. 413 to 435 West 31st Street.This house was founded forty years ago, and the increase and development of its business has kept pace with the commercial growth of the metropolis, and is to-day one of the largest and most influential houses in the trade. The factory is an immense building, seven stories high, and having a frontage of 250 feet, with a depth of 100 feet. It is substantially constructed and the interior arrangements are perfect. A vast and costly collection of the most improved modern machinery and appliances is at hand, and a force of three hundred skilled workmen is constantly employed. The products of this house have always maintained a standard reputation and are unsurpassed for beauty and originality of design, superiority of finish and artistic excellence. They are sold by the trade all over the United States, and are exported to Europe in large quantities. The history of the house bears evidence of its founders' enterprise, energy and capacity. From a modest beginning it has grown to be a commercial triumph worthy of the mercantile genius of New York's bisiness men. Mr. F. H. N. Whiting was born in Connecticut, and is a life-long resident of New York. His career is a splendid example of American push, pluck and intelligence. He is identified with the Mercantile National Bank, and is one of our representative and successful business men. Mr. J. J. Campbell was born in this city, and received his education here. He has always taken an active interest in every movement that had for its object the welfare and advancement of his fellow citizens. Their establishment is one of the thriving industries whi ch he lp to keep New York the commercial centre of the nation. W. A. Carpinlter & Co., Insurance, No. 4 Hanover Street.-The question of insurance has become of vast importance to property owners throughout the country, ad closely concerns all branches of business. It protects both rich and poor, and enables industry and enterprise to preserve and secure the results of their labors and to render them still available for greater prosperity. A well known and reliable insurance house is that of Messrs.W.A. Carpinter & Co.,who represent the Western Assurance Company of Toronto, the Buffalo I n suran ance Company of Buffalo and Continential Iasurance C omp any of New York. This f irm h as been establi s hed about eight years, and sinc e its s ta rt has enjoyed a remarkably successf ul career. They transact a large inla nd insurance business, and occupy a representative position among tho se hou ses making a specialt y of this branch. Mr. W. A. Carpinter and Mr. John T. Baker, who form the co-partnership are both men of long experience in insurance matters, and possess the confidence of the entire mercantile community, and in the selection of risks display an ability and judgement which cannot but be advantageous to the reliable companies they represent. Mr. Carpinter was born in Maryland, and has been in this city for many years; he is an energetic, pushing business man of sterling personal worth and ability. His partner, Mr. John T. Baker, is a native of New York, and is very popular in mercantile circles. Both gentlemen possess the happy faculty of making and retaining friends. They do a large insurance brokerage business and well deserve the success they are attaining. A. S. Whitoni Stee l Rails, Stee l Blooms and S teel R ail C rops, Old R ails and Railway Supplies, Office, No. 115 Broadway.-T he n atu r al sequence tohe e enormous development of new railroad enterprises in all parts of the w orld, and the ex tensi o n and perfection of existing lines, is an ever growing demand for steel and iron rails an d suppli es of all kinds. New York city with its c omm e rcia l facilitie s an d a s the fin ancial centre of the c ou ntry at larg e, has lo ng held the representative positi on in th is im portn ant branch of trade. Prominently identified t herewith, and the oldest establis hed i n his line, is Mr. A. S. Whiton, of No. 115 Broadway. The name is ~ familiar and respected one in business circles, and Mr. Whiton has developed one of the m o st influential connections of the kind in existebce. He f ounded the businesstwenty-five years ago, and has permanently r etained his office s in the vicinity of th is same block on Broadway during the e ntire period, for the past three years being located Ji the Boreel building. He deals in steel rails, steel bloms an d steel rail crops, in quantitie s to suit the requirements of all r o ads, whether for new track, or for renewals. He is also one of the largest dealers in old rails, and railway supplies generally, and his superior connections, including as they do all the leading manufacturers of the old and new worlds, enables him to promptly fill the largest orders to the letter and at lowest market rates. Mr. Whiton contracts for the delivery of rails and supplies at any point throughout the United States, West In4ies, South America, or free on board English ports. During the twenty-five years of his active business career, Mr. Whiton has developed the most ~widely extended trade, among the roads obtaining supplies from him, being the Union Pacific, New York, Lake Erle and Western, Southern Pacific, Georgia Central, Mobile and Ohio, New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, Toledo aud Wabash, Central Pacific, and many others of our leading trunk lines, likewise the most ~:mportal~:railway systems of South A nerica and other foreign countries. Mr. Whiton is outed far and wide for his honorable methods and sterling integffty, and is a recognized:uthority on all questi(.ns bearing upon rail Boo,Lum & Pease, Manufacturers of Blank Books and Fine Leather Goods, Nos. 28 to 34 Reade Street.This business was originally founded as far back as 1842, and since its inception at that date has attained a liberal and influential patronage, owing to the unsurpassed character and quality of its various manufactures. In 1868 Messrs. Boorum & Pease succeeded to the business, and the productions of their immense factory are among the finest in the world, and include all kinds of blank books, day books, ledgers, journals flexible memorandums, and leather goods of every description. The premises occupied are very spacious and comprise four six-storied buildings, 100x100 feet in dimensions, admirably arranged and equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances known to the trade, employment being given to a large number of experienced operatives. From the very commencement of their business Messrs. Boorum & Pease successfully aimed at producing the highest quality of work. and no pains or expense have been spared to accomplish this result, the firm soliciting first-class work only. They have a deservedly wide reputation throughout the best sections of our mercantile community, not only of New York and its vicinity, but in every State and Territory of the United States, and among bankers and insurance managers have an unrivalled reputation for superior finish, quality and workmanship, and thorough reliability of all goods supplied. Mr. W. B. Boorum, is a director of the Merchants' Exchange while his partner, Mr. George L. Pease, is a director of the Sl]oe and Leather Bank, and president of the Stationiers' B,)ard of Tra(de. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 125 12 NE OK8LAIN NUTIS Shepard; Dudley, Importers, Manufacturers and Jobbers of Surgical Instruments, Trusses, etc., Sole ( Manufacturers of the Convertible Saddle Bag, (Pat'd), 1 No. 150 William Street.-The firm name of Shepard & I Dudley has been so long and honorably identified n with the trade in the finest class of surgical instru- i ments, trusses, &c., that it represents what a trade i mark does in other branches of business. The concern 1 was originally founded in 1864, and has had a contin- e uous existence to date, steadily enlarging until it has r attained proportions of the greatest magnitude. Mr. s F. D. Dudley carries on the business in the most ener- l getic manner under the original name and style, and as a an active importing, manufacturing and jobbing house f in the line of surgical instruments, trusses, &c.- it has l long retained a leading position in the trade. Among s other specialties for which it has so long been cele- a brated are complete outfits of surgical instruments as used by that eminent surgeon, Prof. James L. Little, i M.D. The list includes his general operating case, his s minor operating and pocket cases, and his median litho- t tomy set, all of the best materials. This house also puts up the very popular dissecting sets of the late Dr. William Darling, so long the talented Professor of l Anatomy in the Universities of the City of New York m and of Vermont. The dissecting cases put up by Shepard & Dudley give universal satisfaction both ] among college and the surgical fraternity in practice. v They are also dealers in Dr. William R. Leonard's uterine set,Dr.Little's newly invented aluminum trache t tubes. The aluminum metal has never before been ] used for this delicate purpose, and on account of its lightness, and not being affected by acids, it is a gen- t eral favorite with the medical profession. This metal a is also successfully used by them in making the Emmet Pessary, as approved by T. Addis Emmet, the great' gynsecologist. The reputation achieved by this house f is of the higest character, all instruments sent out from their establishment are of superior finish, the most skilful expert surgical instrument makers only being employed, while Mr. Dudley exercises the closest personal supervision over every department of the business. He has long made a specialty of keeping in stock the finest quality of trusses, abdominal supporters aid other orthopiedical appliances. They have the approval of the medical profession generally, and patients are very frequently sent to the establishment of Shepard & Dudley by their physicians, who can rely implicitly on their securing exactly what they require. The trusses and abdominal supporters supplied here are of the most approved patterns and are fitted perfectly by experienced professional attendants, while ladies are waited upon by a competent female attendant. This department of the firm's business has attained extended proportions, and the high degree of satisfaction, comfort and benefit attained by wearing their trusses is proverbial. Mr. Dudley is likewise the sole manufacturer of the celebrated convertible saddle bag, the great improvements in which are duly patented, and it is fast superceding all other makes, being in use by physicians, surgeons and all in need of roomy and extra servicable saddlebags. As an importer lt.Dudley deals with the best known European houses in his line, while his manufacturing department is thoroughly equipped. His trade connections on this side the Atlantic could not be excelled, and thus there cannot be found a finer or more comprehensive assortment of surgical instruments, trusses and other orthopsedic appliances, saddle bags and equipments of that character, than in the salesroorns of Shepard & Dudley. Mr. Dudley has developed a trade which extends throughout the entire country at large, andl likewise Canada, while he also exports to a considerable extent, and is noted in commercial circles for his honorable methods and integrity. Samuel Roberts,, M anufacturer of First Qualty Oak-tanned Leather Belting, No. 369 Pearl Street. n the front rank of manufacturers in this line stands Mr. Samuel Roberts, of No. 369 Pearl str eet. The busi mess now so actively carried on b y him wa s established in 1860. It was in 1878 that he become its proprietor, it bein g at the time situated at No. 108 C liff street. In 880, the rapid development of his trade compelled an enlargement of his premises, and he removed to his present address, where he occupies the entire six story building, with a frontage of twenty-ftve feet in Pearl street, and which is fifty-five feet in depth, with a angling increase of width, that gives it a rear of Forty-five feet in breadth. He is thus possessed of large floor space, but none too large for the enormous stock here gathered together, and for proper factory accommodation. Mr. Roberts is renowned as a reliable manufacturer of first quality oak-tanned leather belt lng, and in which work a number of skilled hands find steady employment. His warerooms contain a Com plete stock of single belts, from one inch width up to forty-eight inches, and round solid and twisted belts, from one-eighth of an inch up to one inch in diameter. also double belts, extra heavy belts and those of intermediate width, are promptly made to order. In addition to his line of manufactures, Mr. Roberts deals extensively in rubber belting, hose packing,lace leather, hooks, rivets, studs, cotton waste, oils, &c. He has developed a trade which extends throughout the country at large, and no one controls a finer line of patronage than he. Quality is in all cases guaranteed, and Mr. Roberts can be relied on to afford advantages to buyers, not obtainable elsewhere. Mr. Roberts is a native of this city, identified with metropolitan progress, and is also a veteran of the late war of the rebellion, having served faithfully and with credit, as a member of the 71st Regiment, New York State Volunteers. -Noted for his talented methods, and sterling integrity, Mr. Roberts well merits the large measure of success that has attended his career as a manufacturer. a. B. Rogers & Co., Manufacturers of the latest Improved Wood Working Machinery, James S. Nason, Agent, No. 109 Liberty Street.-The position of New York in the machinery trade of the United States is beyond question the leading one, and the rapid development of this interest greatly conduces to the permanent prosperity of the metropolis. Among the leading manufacturing establishments represented here, is that of Messrs. C. B. Rogers & Company, whose large works are at Norwich, Connecticut. This firm manufacture improved wood working machinery of every description, for the use of car builders, planing mills, cabinet and carriage makers, railroad sloops, house builders, sashl, door and blind makers, etc. They are triumphs of inventive genius and mechanical skill, and have attained a world wide reputation. The machinery made by C. B. Rogers & Company, have always taken first premiums wherever exhibited, and are in use throughout the the world. Mr. James S. Nason, the New York representative of the above, has been with this house nearly forty years, a length of steady service in itself a noble testimony of his character and strict integrity. He is the oldest machinery man on the street, he having been located here for nearly twenty years. The spacious warerooms at No. 109 Liberty street, are stocked with a full line of the above named produicts, and under the able management of Mr. Nason the business in this section has been very large. His energy and enter prise in business need not be recounted here, since his merits are fully recognized in the community. Eben. Bugden, No. 124 Church Street, Inql~ortcr of Shawls, etc., Agent for D~avid Craven & Co., Manlufactures of Shawls., Bradfor d, E~nglanld. —Itd es' emb, oido wed wraps or scarfs andl cashmere shawvls in la ~ck and Icolors, are the specialities of this. [mulse. f e t e 8 d s e d y a s e d NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 126 t NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 127 ing trade. As a proof of this large public patronage and appreciation, branches have been opened in the following localities, viz: Nos. 2198, 1878, and 1530 Third Avenue; 347 Grand street, 206 East 120th street, 871 and 385 Eighth Avenue,and 122 Christopher street. They carry an immense and valuable stock and transact a large business throughout the city and its vicinity, especially in teas, coffees, spices, fancy and staple groceries, choice wines and liquors, and in foreign and American delicacies. This house is the headquarters of the finest Elgin Creamery and Orange county butter, and in this speciality and in every other article sold, customers have the complete satisfaction of knowing that nothing inferior or adulterated will be offered to them. Messrs. Moses & Co., possess ample facilities for conducting all operations under the most favorable auspices, and are always prepared to render their patrons every possible advantage both in quality of goods and moderate prices. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. M. H. Moses and H. Y. M. Herman, who are highly esteemed by the community for their great executive ability and sterling integrity, and enjoy the confidence of all with whom they have dealings. This house is commended to our readers as one capable ot meeting all the requirements of the trade, and those entering into business relations with it, may be assured of treatment and advantages in keeping with a liberal and just commercial policy. Joseph Lips, Refinisher, Examinex and Sponger of Woolen Goods, No. 141 West Broadway.-One of the most important industries connected with the woolen trade is that of refinishing, examining, and sponging, and among the representative establishments in this line is that of Mr. Joseph Lips. He has been established in this business for the past twenty-seven years and has built up an excellent reputation for first-class work. The works are fitted up with all the most improved modern machinery and appliances, and only the best workmen are employed. Mr. Lips was born in Germany and came to this country when quite young. Starting in business in the old Sun's building in 1858, and was there for six years, subsequently he was located at No. 20 North William street for twelve years, and Howard and Crosby streets for four years, and at his present place for about four years. He is well known to the trade and is considered one of the most expert refinishers in the city. Among his patrons are many of our leading importing, and manufacturing woolen houses, who find his work and prices satisfactory. During a lengthy business career, Mr. Lips has sustained an honorable reputation for liberality and fair dealing. John D. Demerest, Carpenter and Builder, Nos. 328 and 330 West 40th Street.-Mr. John D. Demerest has been actively engaged in this line of business for the past thirty years, eleven of which has been spent at the above location. Mr Demerest is a native of New Jersey and is an old resident of this city. He has been engaged in many building operations in this city and vicinity, and has erected some very fine private residences and commercial buildings, prominent among which may be mentioned a very large flat house on 80th street. near Lexington avenue, for the Spaulding estate, the Singer Manufacturing Company's building on Union Square,the Crystal flats on40th street,between 6th avenue and Broadway, and many others. In the execution of every contract Mr. Demerest has spared no pains in having the work done properly, and il every case he has given satisfaction. His factory on West 40th street is equipped with all the mQst improved machinery and appliances for sawing, planing, and all kinds of wood work. Mr. Domerest is wellknown to the building trade as an h~onorable, energetic business man, prompt and reliable in all transactions. Floyd Bailey, Dry Goods Commission Merchant, No. 117 Worth Street.-A review of the great mercantile and manufacturing interests of the metropolis would be incomplete without a mention of one of the oldest dry goods commission merchant on Worth Street. We refer to Mr. Floyd Bailey, who has been actively engaged in this business for upward of thirty-five years, and is to-day one of the most popular and widely known men in the trade. Previous to the rebellion, and during the war, his f irm did a ver y extensiv e commissio n business. Of late years e e has made a ad special ty of cottonadeos. Mr. Bailey is of an old Knickerbocker family, being the son of M r. Floy d S. Bailey, who was a pro minent man in business circles sixty-five years ago, then trading in China, in connection with John Jacob Astor, and I. G. Coster, and who in 1824 brought to this city the first anthracite coal, which was used at No. 52 Broadway, to the great astonishment of beholders. Mr. B. began his commercial career when a young man, with but little capital, save push, pluck, and a determination to succeed. That his energies have been well directed is evinced by the prosperous business he now controls. Mr. Bailey is an honorable, energetic business man, prompt and reliable in all transactions, enjoying the fullest confidence of the trade, and is today one of the most substantial dry goods commission merchants in the city. John H. Lyons & Co., Paper Stock, Woolens, etc. Nos. 10 and 12 Reade Street.-This firm was established about thirty years ago, and is one of the best known in its line in this city. The warehouse is at No. 35 Park street, and i s a handsome six-story building, twentyfive by one-hundred feet i n dimensions,contaning a large and complete stock of everything in the general line of paper stock. The firm are extensive dealers in and packers of all grades of woolens, for shoddy and flock purposes, besides being among our leading importers and dealers in every description of paper stock. The house is also headquarters for paper binders and press boards, of which a large and comprehensive variety is carried. Especial facilities are posessed for the purchase and sale of large lots of goods, and owing to the extensive dealing of the firm it is prepared to offer particularly advantageous terms. The firm is composed of Messrs. Jdhn H. Lyon and Phillip M. Knight, both of whom have had long experience in the business and are thoroughly practical and energetic men. They enjoy a large and influential connection, stand high in business circles, and are regarded as being among our most public-spirited and reputable merchants and citizens. The New England agency of this house is at Worcester, Mass., where they are represented by John M. Barker & to., No 8 Washington Square. New York and China Tea Co., Importers and Dealers in Teas, Coffees, Sugars, etc., Nos. 75 to 81 Vesey Street, and No. 205 Washington Street, M. H. Moses & Co., Proprietors.-The wholesale grocery trade occupies a very important position in the commerce of every large city, because this department of business includes nearly every necessary article of food, among which are the products of eyery country inathe world. Probably few articles that enter into daily consumption are so hard to obtain of purity and good quality as tea, coffee and spices. There are in New York several establishments, whose reputation for selling only pure and superior goods are well known, and at the same time there are others equally notorious, for opposite characteristics. Among the best known of the first class, no house in the metropolis bears a bt.'er reputation than that of Messrs. M. H. Moses & Co., the New York and China Tea Co., Nos. 77 to 81 Vesey street and No. 205 Washington street, which was established by the senior partner in 1840, and since that period has always enjoyed an influential and constantly increas NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 127 128 NEW YORK'S LEADINC INDUSTRIES. mills, and designed much of the complicated machinery used by these establishments. He subsequently visited 'Europe an d carefully inspected the machinery used in weaving terry or pile fabric s an d eventu a lly i nvented the loom tha t bears his name, a nd whi ch has intr oduce d a new and import ant ior a n ndust ry into thi s cou ntry. The company possesses the entire monopoly of the manufacture and sale of these goods, which are unsurpassed for quality and durability by the finest European productions, and the trade in these linen Turkish towels is rapidly increasing. The factory is located at Westport Conn., and is equipped with the unique and splendid machinery, the invention of Mr. Weaver, which has effected a revolution in the manufacture of terry or pile goods. The system which prevails throughout the entire establishment indicates the most careful supervision, while the ability displayed in the manufacture of the stock, shows conclusively that the officers of the company are thoroughly experienced and acquainted with the wants of a critical trade. Mr. Weaver, the esteemed president, is too widely known for his great mechanical skill and integrity to require extended comments at our hands, as he is one of our representative inventors and manufacturers, and worthily presides over the important interests of the company. Mr. F. S. Lincoln, the vice-president, is a popular enterprising member of the commercial community, and ably discharges the responsible duties devolving upon him. Mr. F. C. Candee, the secretary, is an energetic gentlemen, well versed in the performance of the onerous duties which he performs, and is as widely known for his talents as for the honorable manner in which he attends to all the company's interests. The business of the Weaver TerryFabric Manufacturing Company is justly a source of pride to the country at large, and both as regards business ability and true American enterprise, it justly merits the high reputation to which it has permanently attained. O. A. Gager, Importer of French China and Fancy Pottery, No. 29 Barclay Street.-An important branch of commercial activity, and one deserving of special mention in a review of the leading business interests of New York, is the importation of French china and fancy pottery. In this section of the metropolis numbers of line stores are devoted to the exposition of foreign wares, and the attractiveness of the merchandize and its artistic arrangement, bespeak the taste and systematic methods of the proprietors. One of the finest and undoubtedly one of the most extensive establishments in this line of trade, is that of Mr. O. A. Gager, No. 29 Barclay street,which was founded originally by Messrs. Charles Field Haviland & Co., and continued by them with great success, as a branch of their establishment in France till 1880, when the present proprietor succeeded to the business. The premises occupied are very commodious and spacious, and comprise five floors which are completely stocked with a splendid assortment of French china and fancy pottery, bric-a-brac, rare porcelains, which are remarkable for their magnificent colors, handsome and unique designs, and ornamentation. In the stock will likewise be found dinner, supper, tea, game, salad and fruit sets, decorated table and mantle ware, Limoges ware of every description, English glass, articles of vertu, which are arranged with great effect, and constitute a leading feature of the business. The manner in which Mr. Gager has been able to take a prominent position in this branch of trade, is owing to the fact that this house receives the manufactures of the famous French establishment of Gerard, Dufraiseix &Morel,successors to Charles Field Haviland, of Limoges, France, who are manufacturers of C. F. H. china. Mr. Gager imports the most unique articles in bisque, that have ever come to the American market, such as statuary of most beautiful designs, a class of articles that is growing every day in greater demand, not only in this country but Europe, combining the highest skill of the modeller, and the artistic talent of the painter, and his extraordinary facilities in this direction enables him to sell this description of goods at prices that place them in the reach of a majority of our citizens. Mr. Gager is anative of Connecticut, and is a thoroughly practical man and a connossieur in this departnent of art, and is highly esteemed in commercial life as a gentleman of rare energy and upright private citizen. This establishment is perfect of its kind and the proprietor by strictly attending to business, has been enabled largely to increase his custom, and these principles carried out in the future will result in still further extending his operations. -. -e Weaver Terry-Fabric Manufacturing Company, Manufacturers of Linen Turkish Towels, and other Terry or Pile Goods, Office, No. 41 Dey Street.The rapid advancement in the manufacturing arts, which so greatly distinguish our American industries, is a subject of interesting study. In almost every department of manufacture do our people excel and the products of our factories stand unsurpassed in the markets of the world. This statement is particularly true with regard to the production of linenTurkish towels, and other terry or pile goods, manufactured by the Weaver Teriy-Fabric Manufacturing Company, whose New York offices are located at No. 41 Dey street. This company was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York in 18&g, with a capital of $500,000 in shares of $100 each. It was organized for the purpose of manufacturing linen Turkish toweling and other pile or terry fabrics of various materials and designs, by the use of certain looms, constructed upon patents, the invention of the president, Mr. Wm. Weaver. These looms are the result of an almost life-long experience and study of Mr. Weaver, who was for many years the superintendent of the Sprague and other well known D. Powers & Sons Manufacturers of Floor Oil Cloths, &c., No. 135 Duane Street.-This is one of the oldest and certainly one of the most representa.tive and reliable firms in this market, engaged in the manufacture of oil-cloths. Their history dates back to the year 1817, which makes them one of the oldest houses in the manufactur e o f oil-cloths. The co-partnership comp rises M rs. Deborah Powerse, a venerable lady now in her 94th year, and her two sons. namely Messrs. A. E. and N. B. Powers. As manufacturers of a comprehensive and desirable line of floor oll-cloths, there is not any similar manufacturing establishment in this market which produces a better line or are able to quote more satisfactory prices to the trade. At Lansingburgh, and at NewburglL. this State, they own two large factories. which are classified A 1. The firm of D. Powers & Sons are selling agents for leading manufacturers of linoleums. shades and opague cloths, and in their articles also supply a very large demand in both the home and foreign mar-kets. The firm is characterized by their strict adhesion to principle and their honest methods of doing business, which have gained the confidence of all who have had dealings with the house. They not only keep on the road constantly at all seasons of the year, a number of efficient and competent salesmen, but have found it necessary to establish a branch office and salesroom at Chicago, which is located at No. 96 Market Street. The New York headquarters are situated at No. 1:.5 Duane Street where they enjoy commodious and eligible premises and carry at all times a heavy and versatile stock The New York offlee is under the direct management and supervision of Mr. John Lapsly, a gentlemnan of ripe business experience and ability, and whose enterprise have done much to develop the fArm's interest in this market 128 NEW YORKIS LEADINC* INDUSTRIES. - NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 129 direction, a removal was made to the present location, No. 29 Chambers street. In its present status the business occupies three floors of an imposing structure,haveing a fronting of thirty feet on Chambers and extending through to Reade streets, by which a mean depth of 150 feet is obtained. The line of trade embraces imported and domestic hardware, cultery and guns and in magnitude and quality of stock, amount of business and extent ok trade,the house has no superior inthe city in its line. The trade of the house which had been for years confined exclusively to the Southern States, was:stopped with that of many others, at the breaking out of the war and for four years no business was possible in that direction. Messrs. Bryce & Co., however began at once to prosecute a South American trade which ultimately developed into niost prosperous proportions. In the subsequent years the business has rapidly recovered its earlier status, and its present aspect is one of unequalled prosperity. Mr. Wm. Bryce, the sole surviving member of the firm, is one of New York's oldest and most honored merchants. For over fifty years he has been a familiar figure in commercial circles and now after more than a half century of active business life, he is still to be found at the post of duty engaged in the direction of the various details of his vast enterprise. Mr. Bryce has held for many years and is now Vice President of the Phoenix National Bank, and is a director of that institution, as also of the Atlantic Marine Insurance Company, and the Sixth Avenue Surface Railway. His membership in the Chamber of Commerce, dates from June, 1856, and throughout his career he has been noted for the unswerving integrity and equitable principles which have ever been his leading characteristics. He has always taken an active interest in the affairs of the Continental Fire Insurance Company, having been a director and trustee of that institution for many years. Frederic A. Potts & Co., Exclusive Agents for the sale of Old Company's Lehigh Coal,and Wholesale Deal ers and Shippers of Wilkesbarre,Plymouth,Jermyn and other Coals. Offices, No. 110Broadway; Branches in New Haven, Providence and Boston.-The colliery inter ests of the United States are yearly attaining an increased importance that renders them one of the most powerful factors of national prosperity, both from an industrial and financial point of view, and one wlfhich has a most weighty point of interest for the great major ity of the public at large. In this historical review of the rise and progress of the mining, shipment and sale of coal, the immense and apparently inexhaustible coal fields of Pennsylvania deserve special mention. No house in the metropolis has done more to widen the demand for the best classes of the above coals among Eastern consumers,than the widely-known and influen tial concern of Frederic A. Potts & Co., whose offices are so eligibly and centrally located at No. 110 Broad way. The firm has had an active and honorable career of thirty-five years duration, being successors to the formerly well-known house of Lewis Audenried & Co. Messrs. Frederic A. Potts & Co. are exclusive agents for the sale of Old Company's Lehigh Coal, one of the best standard fuels mined,and which has from its first intro duction to the public, had an enormous and ever widen ing consumption. They are among the leading whole sale dealers of New York and New England, shipping extensively the celebrated free-burning coals, from the Wilkesbarre, Jermyn and Luzerne mines, the hard whlite-ash known as the Locust Mountain and red ash from the famous Plymouth and Alliance colleries. Besides anthracite, they do a large business in bitu minous coal, of the products of the American Coal Company's Cumberland and Mashannon Coal Company's Clearfield mines. These brands are rich in the elements producing the most intense combustion,and are generally recognized as of a superior quality for steam raising fuel and smelting purposes. They are favorites with manufacturers, railroads, steamers and steam users generally. As regards the Lehigh and Wilkesbarre coals, they have no rivals as powerful heat producers, and sustain combustion in a manner that ensures the greatest economy as a household and manufacturing fuel. The firm have widely extended facilities for the prompt delivery of their coals in cargo lots, possessing accessible and convenient shipping wharves, (with direct rail connection from the colieries), at Elizabethport, South Amboy, Port Johnson and Hoboken. All coal bought of them is guaranteed to maintain in every way'the highest standard of excellence, holding the front rank as regards care in its preparation for the market, coming as it does from the best equipped collieries in t' world. The trade annually transacted by Messrs. Frederic A. Potts & Co., has attained to proportions of great magnitude, and has developed throughout the New England States to an extent requiring three branch houses which are located as follows: No. 25 Westminister street, Providence, R. I., No. 116 Church street, New Haven, Conn, andat No. 26 Exchange Place, Boston, Mass. William Bryce, Co., Importers of Hardware, Cultery, Guns, &c., City Hall Stores, No. 29 Chambers Street..-In the busy scene of commercial activity and enterprise presented by this great metropolis, few branches of trade will be found of greater importance or exerting a more extensive influence upon the general growth and prosperity than that so ably exemplified by the peoat'rous establishment which forms the immeltate subject of the foregolug sketch. The firm o.,Vm. Bryae & Company was founded overatalf a ccvt.:uy ago in Pearl street, where it was conducted with marked success for thirty-five years. In 185t, to keep pace with the progress of business in that Wayne Griswold, English and American Steel Rails, Pig Iron, Blooms, Crop Ends, and Old Rails, No. 2 Wall Street, United Bank Building.-The most important factor in the remarkable development of the Unite d States, and that whic h is t o c ontinue its advance into the wonderful possibilities of the future, is the railroad interest. Initiated in 1830, the beginning of the following year found the whole railroad system in this country barely aggregating twenty-three miles. The beginning of 1884, finds it little short of 120,000 miles, and possessed of an energy and enterprise in the building of new railroads, and the opening up of new territories, which renders it simply impossible to determine when and where this system of progress will terminate. If we look for the cause of this vast advancement of our country, it will be found that the railroad was the pioneer, and civilization the following consequence. A prominent house engaged in supplying railway companies with English and American steel rails, is that of Mr. Wayne Griswold, No. 2 Wall street, United Bank Building, which was founded by the present proprietor in 1878, and since its inception at that date has obtained a large patronage from the principal railroad companies in America. Mr. Griswold is sole agent for the United States and Mexico, of the celebrated firm of Chas. Cammell & Co., No. 110 Cannon street, London, and Sheffield, England, who have gained an enviable reputation throughout the civilized world, for the unsurpassed quality and superiority of their steel rails. The house has likewise an extensive trade in pig iron, blooms, crop ends, and old rails, and is prepared promptly to furnisli estimates and enter into contracts for supplying railroadl corporations with any requisites necessary at market prices. Mr. Griswold gives his personal attention to all orders or commissions, and his facilities are siuch that he Is enabled to conduct all transactions under the most favor,able auspices. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 129 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. S. E. Johnson & Co, John White, Agent; Coal, No. 1 Broadway, (Washington Building).-The wholesale coal trade of the great metropolis has rapidly developed during the last decade, owing to the marked enterprise and energy of our leading merchants engaged in its shipping and sale. One of the o ldest established and mo st highly respected member s of the wholes al e coal trade is Mr. John Whi te, of the firm of S. E. Johnson & Co.,No. 11 Bro ad way. Mr. Whit e commenced in business about tw enty-two year s ago, and for upwards of fifteen years of this lengthy period his offices were situate d in the Tri nity building, N o. 111 Broadway, whence he recently removed to very c on ve nient quarters in the new Washington Building. He is one of the most extensive shippers in the trade, his connections being of a superior character, and extending all through the New England States, including among his customers as he does many of the large mill corporations and dealers in that section. Mr. White is agent for the well-known miners and shippers of coal, Messrs. Samuel E. Johnson & Co. Mr. Johnson is a gentleman well known in New York commercial circles. He is a resident of Brooklyn, and very popular among a large circle of business and social friends. Mr. White is a native of this city, and has long been a permanent resident. He is still in the prime of manhood, a hardworking and popular merchant, of honorable methods and sterling integrity. The New York Fire Insurance company, No. 72 Wall Street.-The New York Fire Insurance Company, which was duly incorporated by act of the State Legislature in 1832, and was reorganized under the general act July 1st, 1865, has not only weathered the storms of financial crises and panics, the troubles and difficulties of the civil war, but after flfty-two years of existence, is at the present day stronger in resources, and better managed than at any period in its history. This company has always made the prompt payment of losses a matter of the utmost importance, The aim of the officers and directors is not to do a very extensive business, but a safe one, and their course has been strictly conservative as regards the investment of their funds and the acceptance of risks offered them. On the 1st of January, 1884, the New York Fire Insurance Company made the following statement of its finances, which shows the company's condition to be all that is claimed for it. Real estate.....................................................$ 91 400 Loans on bond and mortgage........................ 78,50 00 Interest accrued thereon................................. 2,130 32 U. S. bonds, etc.............................................. 192,728 05 Collateral loans............................................... 1,050 on Cash................................................................ 14,873 86 Interest, premiums and rents......................... 23,328 07 Aggregate amount of assets..................... $404,060 30 LIABILITIES. Net amount of unpaidlosses........................... $ 28,756 69 Total unearned premiums...........................101,112 91 Salaries and expenses................................... 3,991 46 - $133,861 06 Joint stock capital paid in cash.....................$ 200,000 00 Surplus......................................................... 70,199 24 $04,060 30 The following gentlemen, who are well known in the financial world for their ability, are the officers and directors of the company, viz: Daniel Underhill, president, Samuel C. Harriot, John E. Andrew, Wm. Haxtun, Thomas Davey, Henry J. Scudder, Jos. A.Dreyfous,Jas. C. Gulick, Jas. T. Wright, John Sniffen, Jas. C. Holden, A. H. Cardoza, Claiborne Ferris, John N. Quirk, Hewlett Scudder, Augustus Colson, secretary. Occupying the presidency of the company is Mr. Daniel Underhill, who is widely known in insurance and business circles, and is thoroughly informed on all matters pertaining to his department, and has gained an excellent reputation for his inflexible integrity and probity. He has been continuously connected with the company for forty-eight years, a fact alone speaking volumes. Mr. Augustus Colson, the secretary, is an energetic, hard-working gentleman, well versed in the onerous duties which he performs, and as widely known for his talents, as for the honorable manner in which he attends to all the company's interests. The offices are conveniently located at No. 72Wall street, where every information with regard to rates is cheerfully given. A. Wieczorek, Apothecary Analytical and Manufacturing Chemist, American and Foreign Pharmacy, No. 149 First Avenue.-Mr. Wieczorek is located in an eligible position at No. 149 FirstAvenue, near 9th street, occupying premises which have been the site of a drug store for nearly fifty years, and which has been under his management for the past two years. The stock embraces a fullassortment of drugs, medicines, proprietary articles, perfumery and druggists' sundries. Special attention given to the careful compounding of physicians, perseriptions, accuracy and promptitude characterizing everything. Mr. Wieczorek has been in the drug business the past 19 years. He was born in Germany where he spent thirteen years at his profession. He has been in Italy for a year, Paris t wo years, and Milwaukee, Wis. for the same time. The Hatt Morgan Art Pottery Co. No. 68 West Third street, Cincinnati, Ohio; New York office, No. 59 Murray street. Rowe & Houston managers.-Occupying an advanced position in this department is the famous "Matt Morgan Art Pottery Company," of Cincinnati, and whose Eastern headquarters are so centrally located at No. 59 Murray street in this city. This company was organized in 1880 at Cincinnati, Ohio, to engage in the production of the highest class of art pottery, under the skilled and trained artistic guidance of Mr. Matt Morgan, the representative American in this field of enterprise, and whose name is associated with the earnest encouragement of the practical education of the youth of our land in artistic designing, drawing and modeling. Thiscompany isadulyincorporated concern with the following officers: J. E. Bloom, President; J. Reis, Vice-President; Aug. Ligowsky, Secretary and Treasurer; George Ligowsky, Superintendent of works; while Mr. Matt Morgan is the Superintendent of designs. The company has erected a large and fully equipped factory in Cincinnati, where a force of about one hundred skilled hands find employment in the production of every description of art pottery. From the start the Matt Morgan productions were eagerly sought for by the most refined people, and the sales have rapidly developed to proportions of great magnitude, the goods being in permanent demand throughout the United States. An agency has been established in Chicago, while here in New York city, the company has a large salesroom at No. 59 Murray street, under the able and enterprising management of Rowe & Houston. Here is displayed to excellent advantage a large and complete stock of the company's produc. tions, including ornamental vases of all sizes and valri. ties; caliches, jardinieres, cologne bottles, punch bowli, tea pots, pitchers and chamber sets of all kinds, jewel cases, artists lamps, powder boxes, beer sets, umbrella stands, cuspidores, etc, etc. The various styles of decoration cover a wide range of colors, tints and methodof trea tment; blues, olives, m ottled colors, polychromot and monochrome colors, mingle with articles decorated in silver, gold and copper effects; many hand modeled and hand carved objects are strikingly beautiful; some vases have Japanese paintings others are in the 11oesque and Arabesque styles. 130 ASSETS. v r NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 131~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ , ducted and subsequently removed to its present site, o where a commodious factory and a number of adjoining r structures for the residences of the employes were oc cupied. In 1847 an explosion of the boilers partially destroyed the works, in rebuilding which the facilities a were greatly increased, the present structure being four l stories in height with an area of O110x150i feet. The origi nal amount of production was eighteen barrels per e deim, the amount now produced averages 1000'barrels for the same period. A large force of operatives is em, ployed, some of whom have been in the service of the I house for upwards of forty years, while in a number of i instances the employes of the second generation in the , employ of the firm. The material used in the manu facture is obtained from Windsor, Nova Scotia, its trans; portation giving employment to a large fleet of vessels. The proprietors, whose successful conduct of the busiI ness interests involved, has excited the general admiral tion of the commercial world, although advanced in life, are still actively engaged in superintending the s uccessful progress of their prosperous enterprise. Both were literally raised in the business, and the advantage of years of experience under their father's excellent tuition is apparent in the subsequent successful conduct of the same, to which in due course they succeeded. Mr. V. C. King, the senior member of the firm, is an ex member of the State Legislature, and for six years held with credit the office of President of fire department of the city, and is now the Treasurer of New York County Democracy. Mr.C.V.Kinghasneverheldoffice,although repeatedly solicited by his admiring friends to run for the same. In the recent presidential campaign he was one of the State Republican Committee of eigh teen, who re-organized the party in the city of New York. Both members are held in high esteem in com merial circles and their house is one of the oldest. H. Hood & Co., Dealers in Kerosene Goods and Fix tures, Ives Patent Lamps, Shades, Chimns, Se, Cin ey &c., Nos.33 Barclay Street and 38 Park Place.-New York has at tained such deserved prominen ce through out the country at large, in the important branch of trade devoted to kerosene goods and fixtures, t hat the leadi ng h ous es in this line are worthy of mention in this historical review, a nd pro minent among the number is the active and enterprising house of Messrs. H. Hood & Company, of Barclay street and Park Place. The premises could not be more elgibly or centrally located, and fronting 25 feet on Earclay street, at No. 33, extend ent irely thr ough the b lock, a d istance of 150 feet, to No. 38 Park Place. The establishment is hand somely fitted up, and contains what is undoubtedly the finest and most completely assorted stock of the kind in the metropolis. The members of the firm, Mr. H. Hood, and Mr. J. J. Delaney, bring vast practical ex perience to bear, and an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade, and also superior facilities for obtain ing the most reliable and favorite lines of kerosene goods and fixtures. Everything needful for the best class of retail and jobbing trade is here kept in stock, and at prices which must command the attention of the closest buyers, their lines of shades, chimneys, burners, fixtures, &c., are notable for being complete and of the most approved construction, embodying all the latest patented devices for securing brilliancy of light, economy of combustion, and freedom from smoke and smell. Such in brief are the features of the goods handled by H. Hood & Co., and the house has not only attained to the highest standing in the trade, but also retains the confidence and respect of the community at large. Both throughout this city and' all sections of the country, the firm has secured the best classes of patronage, solely on its merits, and the co-partners, are well worthy of the large measure of success which has attended their business career. Hawrley Hoops, Man ufa cturing Ceiofectioners, No.147 Chambers Street.-The Americans,especially the rising'. g eneration, are!probably the largest consumers of candy and confectionery in the world, and the produ ctions of our manufacturers of these wholesome and delicious luxuries can compete favorably with those of France, which country for a long period has been c onsidere d t he most successful in this particular hne. One of the prominent houses e ngaged ine the confectionary busin es s in the metropolis, is that of Mes srs. Hawley & Hoops, No. 147 Chambers street, which was establishe d i n 1875, by John S. Hawley, and in 1878, H. W. Hoops, was admitted as partner, the firm noame b e ing John S. Hawley & Co. January 1, 1881, the present name was assumed, the firm consisting of the s am e p ar ties who have built up a large a n d permanent patronage. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious, and comprise a splendid five-storied bui lding, 25x150 feet in dimensions,admirably arranged, and fitted up i tth all the latest improved machinery and appliances, necessary for the systematic and economical conduct of the business, employmen t being given t o a large number of skiled confectioners. Purity is the main essential w ith the se goods, and to- day the difficulty to obtain candies and confectionery devoid of adulteration and deleterious substances is so great, that the advantage of dealing with a house like that of Messrs. Hawley & Hoops, whose reputation is so high f or m aking n on e but the purest and best goods, is a t o nc e manifest. All their productions are war ranted to be fully as represented, and the high and creditable position that their goocs have in the mar ket is due to their determination to maintain this standard. The firm manufacturers in large quanti ties plain and decorated creams, marshmallows, plain and fine chocolate creams, premium mixed candy, peerless vanilla chocolate, cream almonds, pralincs, maccaroons, etc., which are unexcelled in this country or Europe for quality, purity and excellence. Messrs. John S. Hawley and Herman W. Hoops, are thor oughly practical men and are highly esteemed by the community, and-their prominent establishment gives every promise of continued prosperity in the future. Ciwtomers and the trade will find it greatly to their interests to make a factor of this house, and will obtain such marked advantages here, as will fully sus tain all that has been stated in this editorial article. Knickerbocker Plaster Mill, V. a. & C. V. King, Proprietors. Nos. 508 to 512 West Street.-One of the old est' ouses in this country engaged in this line of trade is 6hat conducted by Messrs. V. C. and C. V. King, under the title of the Knickerbocker Plaster Mills. The business was established in the year 1839, by the father of the present proprietors, and for many years occupied the site opposite of what subsequently becamefamiliarly known as the Old White Fort. In the course of its progress at this location, the business became of great magnitude, embracing a lime kiln, large planning mills and a series of tributary departments, occupying a large area, extending ftom 12th to 13th streets, and which, with its numerous branch establishments located at various points outside of the city, constituted a most important enterprise. The trade extended to all parts of the country, and in view of the great volume of annual business, the number of people employed, &c., the establishment became an important factor in the general prosperity and commnercial wealth of the city. In1 the year 1855, the founder retired from the conduct of the enterprise to which he had devoted the major portion of his life, in favor of his sons, who represent the present firm, and whose large experience acquired under the most favorable auspices eminently fitted them for a successful continuance of the business. Under the new regime the business was con i t 0 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 131 132 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ a splendid stock of the finest productions of English looms, which are imported direct, and the most fastidious and critical cannot fall to be suited at this prominent establishment. All trimmings, satins and silks, used In the production of the garments are made to order, by the most noted foreign manufacturers. The facilities of the house for the prompt fulfillment of orders are absolutely unexcelled, and embraces a large corps of the ablest workmen, whose operations are all conducted under the personal supervision of the proprietor. Mr. Rock is a native of Prussia, and when a young man was employed in some of the leading houses of Paris and London, and is highly esteemed by all classes of citizens, for his sterling ability and inflexible integrity. His high personal character is a sufficient guarantee of the reliable manner in which all orders are fulfilled, while the skill exhibited by him in conducting this large and growing business, must continue to assure an increased patronage from the best classes of society. I Mutua l Reserve Fund Li fe Association, Bryan t Building, No. 55 Liberty Street.-nThe life insurance system has been for many ye ars a p ositiv e force in the progress of modern civilization, and the accumulation of national wealth. I t has been an importan t factor in the education of every commun ity, which it has influenced in habit s of econ omy and prudence. The companies d oing business in New York pay over twenty million dollars per year to widows and orphans. Prominent among the'leading and reliabl e companies is the Mutual Reserv e Fu nd Association, whos e handsome offices are i n the Bryant building, No. 55 L ibe rty s treet. This association was incorpora ted under the laws of the State of New Yo rk, in F ebru ary, 1881, and as an evidence of t he success which has attended its history, it is only necess ary to state that it now has a membership of 26,600. It is an association composed mostly of business and professional men,and its system is the most subs tantial of any life insu r ance association in the world. Since its start it h a s enjo y ed a phenominally successful career. Amongthe many inducements offer ed to members of this association a re the following: Its sys tem pr ovid es through its reserve fund for the decrease of assessments a nd thi s lessens payments in after years. It pays all legitimat e claims promptly and in full. I ts memb ers have a vo ic e and vote in its management, and its books and papers are op en t o ins pecti on and examination. It is dis tributing t hou sands of dollars each month to the helpless widow s and o rphans of its members, who would have been left penniless were it not for the bene fits prov ided by this association. The association has a siu'plus of $350,000. Its management is in the hands of men who are pro m inent in the commercial and financial world. Mr. E. B. H arper, the President, was born Sep tembe r 14th, 1842, in Kent County, Delaware. He began his commercial career when a lad, with little capital save pluck, intelligence and ability. He is in every respect a self-made man, and an excellant type of American push and financial talent. He is President of the Legislative Association of the United States, and a director of the American Exchange in Paris,and also a member of the New York Board of Trade, the Con stitution Club, Crescent Lodge F. & A. M., Palestine Knight Templar, No. 18 Commandary, Knights of Honor, and a number of other organizations. He has always taken an active interest in every movement that had for its object the welfare and advancement of his fellow citizens, and by is highly esteemed as one of our representative business men. The other officers of the company are, D. M. Caldwell, 1st Vice-President; N. W. Bloss, 2nd Vice-President; G. F. Potter, 3rd Vice-Presi dent; C. R. Bissel, Treasurer; F. T. Braman, Secretary; J. Wr Bowden, Medical Director, and J. M. Stevenson, Assista.t Secretary. They are men of sterling personal worth and ability, under whose management the in terests of the members are carefully guarded. The great energy with which the affairs of this association are conducted, and the faith in its success among the members must be accepted as signs of its prosperity and future success. Mathesius Bros. & Co., Furniture, Upholstery, Decoration, No. 262 Fifth Avenue, between Twenty-Eighth and Twenty-Ninth Streets.-Prominent among the maost active and enterprising members of the New York furniture trade are Messrs. Mathesius Bros. & Co.,No.262 Fifth Avenue. This house was originally founded in 1850 in Hudson Street, by Messrs. Frederick Mathesius and George Frey, and since its inception at that date has always commanded a liberal and influential patronage from the most refined and cultivated classes of citizens. In 1884 the business was removed to its present eligible location. The premises occupied are very commodious and comprise a spacious five-storied building, 25x100 feet in dimensions, admirably arranged and equipped with every facility and appliance for the accommodation and display of the splendid stock, which is unsurpassed for elegance, novelty of design and workmanship, by any similar establishment in New York. The factory is situated at Nos. 147 to 149 West Twenty-fifth Street, and is fitted up and equipped with all the latest im proved machinery, etc., known to the trade, employ ment being given to about eighty operatives. In the warerooms will be found a full and general assortment of all kinds of fine furniture, in all the leading and most fashionable designs; also a magnificent variety of upholstery decorations. The facilities of the house are such that the largest orders can be filled promptly at the shortest notice, and at prices as moderate as any contemporary first-class firm. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. Frederick andWilliam A. Mathesius, gentlemen of great ability and sterling integrity, and who are well known as business men of rare energy. A. Kimbel & Sons, Makers of F ine Furniture, Architectual Wood Wor k, e tc., etc., Nos. 7 a nd 9 East 20th Street.-This business wa s founded man y years ago und e r the firm n am e of Kimbel & Cabus, who were succeeded three years ago by the present firm, which is composed of Messrs. A. Kimbel, A. Kimbel, Jr., and H. Kimbel, gentlemen who are well and favorably known to the entire mercantile community. Their extensive factory is located at Nos. 458 and 460 Tenth Avenue, and is equipped with all the most improved machinery and appliances. The firm make a specialty of fine furniture and architectual wood work, which for beauty of design, superiority of finish and durability, are unequaled by the product of any other house. They also deal in curtains and upholstery and execute orders for fine paper hanging and fresco painting. The warerooms on East 20th street are spacious and display a desirable stock of fine cabinet and art furniture. This house controls a large and influential patronage, which is drawn from among our wealthiest citizens and has built up an ex cellent reputation, as a representative one in its line. ~M. Rock, Merchant Tailor. No. 224 Fifth Avenue.As the recognized centre of fashion in the United States, New York city can boastof possessing the most talented and qualified tailors in the country. A representative establishment in point, and one that is prominent in fashionable circles, is that of Mr. M. Rock, No. 224 Fifth Avenue. This business was founded in 1866, by the present proprietor, at No. 793 Broadway, and since its inception Mr. Rock has brought to bear great practical skill and experience, which coupled with his keen appreciation of a first class trade, has placed him in the highest position, as regards those who accord him their custom. In 1878 he removed to his present handsome and commodious premises, which contain 132 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 133 neatly packed in suitable sizes for domestic use, and forms the best and most nourishing food ever offered by man to his fellowman. The A. B. C. Cereals are triumphant wlierever exhibited; they received at the International Food Exhibition, at London in 1882, the medal for superiority in competition with the cereal products of Great Britain of a similar nature; the higlh est award at the Centennial Exposition and also at the American Institute Fairs of 1877,1878 and 1879. The cereal milk for infants and cereal cream for invalids are also securing an extended consumption,and are the most efficacious and nutritious foods of their line in exist ence. The company's office is at No. 83 Murray street, where the largest orders are promptly filled. The Newell Unlversal Mill Company, Were rooms, No. 10 Barclay Street.-The enormous increase in the demand for steam engines and machinery has rendered their manufacture a prominent industry in the United States, and those establishments devoted to their production have contributed greatly tothe devel opment of the cities in which they are located. New York has-long been noted as the principal source of supply for engines, boilers and machinery, and one of the most popular houses engaged in this trade is that of the Newell Universal Mill Company, which was established in 1878, and since its inception has built up a liberal and influential patronage. The works are located at No. 455 West street, with branches in Pennsylvania, and are fully equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances, the whole of the manufacturing operations being conducted under the personal supervision of the proprietors, thus insuring the trade only such products as will withstand the most critical tests, both in regard to material used in their construction and workmanship. They manufacture Newell's universal grinder in all its forms and sizes, portable engines, boilers, the American steam heater, passenger and freight elevators, and are general and exclusive sales agents for the United States and Canada for the celebrated cotton and linseed oil machinery of Messrs. Rose,Downs & Thompson "Old Foundry," Hull, England, also of the engines and boilers of the Harrisburg Car Manufacturing Company. F. & M. department, and the Kriebel patent engines of West Point,Pa., whose manufactures are unsurpassed for utility,durability and excellence in this country or Eurppe. The growth and prosperity of this establishment are only commensurate with the energy and enterprise of its projectors, who are sedulously employed in maintaining the characterof their manufactures and thereby giving entire satisfaction to the trade. The policy upon which the business is conducted is characterized by liberality, integrity, and the careful fostering of the interests of all patrons, so that transactions once begun with this house, may be made not only pleasant for the time being, but of such a nature that they will become permanent and profitable. Banning & Banning, Attorneys and Solicitors of Patents, No. 21 Park Row.-Probably one of the most noted law firms in this city is that of Banning & Banning, whose commodious offices are located in the building, No. 21 Park Row. The Chicago offices, in charge of Ephraim and Thomas A. Banniing,are located in the well known Honore Building, of that city. The New York offlces are in the charge of Hubert A. Banning. This law firm was originally established in Chicago in 1871,' the New York branch being opened in January 1880. All the gentlemen composing the firm are possessed of more than usual legal acumen and learning,and throughout their career have been notably successful. They make a specialty of patent law, and in this department are probably one of the most widely known firms in the country, being well and favorably known. They have been largely interested in may important litigations, on account of infringements of patents, particularly those of r ailro a d and brewing companies, and upon agricultural implement s. The ir success has been remarkable, seldom,if ever losing a case but generally recovering for their clients in heavy suits and claims, not only on account of infringements of patents, but also of trade marks. In many of the cases in which they have been engaged for the prosecution, the defendants have been among the most noted manufacturers in the country. The standing of the firm is too well known to require commendation at our hands. A plain unvarnished statement of facts as the above, shows the advantage of enlisting them upon the side of any one who desires success. The Cere als Mantufacturig C ompany, Manu facturers of Ame ri can Breakfa s t Cereals; Office, No. 83 Murray Street; Mills, Nos.5 and6Atlantic Dock, Brooklyn.-The Cereals Ma nuf acturin g Co mpan y, of NewYork ci ty was established in the year 1875, t o make use of the newl y inven ted processes of preparing by steam cooking and desiccation farenaceous foods for the table; and which met with in s tantaneous recogni tio n by the public. Under the now familiar title of the A. B. C. brand,standing for the words,American Break fast CI n a, the ir product s ar e dul y pa tented in the United States and Gr eat Britain, and comprise the fol lowing: A. B. C te ats A. white oats, A. B.C. white wheat, A. B. 0. barley food, A. B. a. yellow maize, cereal milk for infants,and cereal cream for invalids and dyspeptics. All cereals of this brand are carefully selected, then hulled, crushed, steam-cooked and desiccated. The mills are conve niently lo cated at Nos. 5 and 6 Atlantic Dock, in B r ooklyn, and c omp ris e a spaciou s four-story ston e building, fitted up in a perfect and complete manner, soy to th orou ghly prepare their pr o ducts for the market. In the first place.the buyer of the grain discriminatingly selects only the plumpest and finest samples of wh e at, o ats, barleyan con and corn and allows nothing int o t he mills but what is of the highest standard. The grain is c arefull y winno wed, and then hulled, thus removing the outer horny shell or cuticle, th it has n o nutritive value, being on the contrary of positive injury to the intestines, and yet in the case of ordinary cracked wheat and crushed oats, this injurious tiusk is left in the product after hulling the grain. it is then crushed by the best process used for such purposes, and subjected to the action of moist steam. The pr(, cess is an invention of the greatest practical utility and results in the thorough cooking of the crushed grain to the exact limit that converts its starch into, sugar, and all but prepares the food for the breakfast table. The final process is the thorough desiccation or drying of the products which insures their preservation for any length of time in any climate, for the latent moisture only is removed, all the essential qualities of the fresh grain, that is to say, its sweetness and nourishing properties, are fully retained. The product ti NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 133 Robort Duncan. Teas. No. 466 Pearl Street.-An important branch of commercial activity, and one deserving of,,4pecial mention in the review of the leading business houses In the metropolis, is that of Robert DiiDc,an, dealer in teas, of No. 466 Pearl street. Mr. Dune,an is a native of Sootland, and has been connected with the tea busine,-%s for nearly twenty years, aod has acquired a thorough knowledge of what constitutes the different grades of tea, from the common to the finest. Possessing every facility for buying goods from fin, t hands, he is prepared at all times to offer to his patrons such inducements aq cannot be excelled. Mr..Duncan is a gentleman of fine business qualifications and great energy, well known in business circles and enjoys the fullest confidence of all with whom he has had business relations. _3 E YOK' LEDN INTRES. successful study of these problems is Mr. Stephen D. Hatch, one of the best known members of the architectural profession. Mr. Hatch is a native of the State of Vermont, and a permanent resident of New York for upwards of twenty-five years past, during which period he has zealously devoted himself to the practice of his profession, bringing to bear the widest possible range of practical experience, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of the best classes of the residential and business community. He has executed some of the most important architectural commissions in America, designing and superintending the construction of many prominent buildings,among which may be mentioned the celebrated Boreel building, on lower Broadway, one of the largest and loftiest, as it is one of the best planned and satisfactory tall structures ever erected. The Boreel outwardly presents one of the most towering fronts on Broadway, while internally with its hundreds of offices, all occupied, it houses a good size community upon its spacious and numerous floors. Mr. Hatch was also the architect for the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company's building, on William and Pine Streets, and in which all the difficulties of cramped space and of securing light and air were overcome in such an admirable manner as to elicit the warmest commendations. The Gilsey Hotel, with its classic and ornate facades; the Union Dime Savings Bank building, one of the grandest specimens of artistic architectural effort that we have uptown, are also Mr. Hatch's work, while one of his latest achievements was bringing to a successful completion, the gigantic Murray Hill Hotel, believed to be the only strictly fire proof hotel in the city,and a recognized new departure in hotel architecture. Mr. Hatch is at present supervising the alterations, and reconstruction of the new Real Estate Exchange building, the structure being five stories high, exclusive of basement and cellar, and extending from No. 59 to No. 65 Liberty street. Mr. Hatch began the practice of his profession when quite young, early showlng the unmistakable bent of his genius, and he to-day ranks foremost in his devotion to the development of the profession, so that in the future as in the past, it shall ever keep pace with the more and more exacting demands of increasing wealth and refinement. Mr. Hatch is still in the prime of life, noted for his honorable methods and sterling integrity, and who has before him one of the widest and most l,gitimate fields of usefulness to be found in the metropolis. Wilcox & May, Wholesale Dealers in Lamps, Art Bronzes, and Metal Fancy Goods, No. 12 Murray Street. -In the development of the fine arts, the practical and skilled American genius has appropriated the most beautiful and novel features in the progress of the various branches of industrial activty. In no branch of manufacture have greater advances been effected, than in that of artistic lamps and bronzes, the production of the leading establishment in this line the New Jersey Lamp and Bronze wo'ks, standingupon the same high plane of merit as the best examples of imported wares. The company has been unusually successful in catering to the wants of an appreciative public, and is turning out in large quantities the most iesthetic and popular designs for lamps and bronze ornaments ever seen in America. The company is composed of several of the leading business men of this section, and its officers have spared no pains or expense to render their works complete in every respect; fully fitted up with the latest modern appliances, and wherein the most skillful and experienced designers and workmen only are employed, the full force engaged in the various departments representing an average total of one hundred hands. The company's sales agents are Messrs. Wilcox & May. of No. 12 Murray street, gentlemen known only to be respected throughout commercial circles, and whosince their organization as a firm in 1883, have developed a large and growing wholesale trade in lamps, art bronzes, and metal fancy goods. The enterprise of this concern has been fully illustrated by the superior character of the articles placed on the market, and in their unusually centrally premises at No. 12 Murray street, can be seen a complete stock of their specialties. In lamps the firm show decidedly the finest assortment in the city, issuing to the trade a large and handsome catalogue containing views of hundreds of beautiful designs in porcelain and metal, many of the floral and landscape decorations being of the highest order, and eliciting admiration and praise from all who see them. These lamps are perfect in construction,s reasonable in price, and afford in a happy combinati on, a powerful lamp with a beautiful ornament for the household. Their sales have been correspondingly extensive, and the trade cannothandle a more satisfactory class of goods. In art bronzes, the firm has maintained the highest of reputations, and has among its customers, the leading dealers in these goods throughout the West. The same remarks apply totheir metal fancy goods. Both the co-partners, Mr. A. M. Wilcox and Mr. E. M. May, bring a wide We of practical experience to bear, and devote themselves energetically to the furtherance of their customers' best interests. They have the best of connections and faithfully guard the interests confided to them by the New Jersey Lamp and Pronze works,being well worthy of the large measure of success which has attended their efforts. The works are under the diree-. tion of Mr. R. W. Booth, Jr.. ps general'manager, a gentleman widely known for his executive ability and thorough knowledge of the details of rhisspecial business. As a member of that honored organization, the Old Guard, Mr. Booth has a very wide circle of social acquaintances, who esteem him for many excellent qualities. Geo rge uller, M anufacturer of Machine and Hand Sewed Slippers and Felt Lined Shoes, No. 58 Warren Street.-The boot and shoo trade occupies a prominen t place in this review o f th e gre at mercantil e and manufacturing interests of the metro polis. Among the leading establishments in this line is that of Mr. George Muller, manufacturer of all kinds of machine and hand-sewed slippers and felt lined shoes. His office and warerooms are at No. % Warren street, where he carries a large stock of goods. The factory is located at No. 230 East 3rd street, and is equipped with all the most improved machinery and appliances. A large force of skilled workmen are employed and a large quantity of goods, is annually turned out. Only the very best material is used in the manufacture of his goods, and in addition the workmanship is first class, which rqake them the most attractive and saleable in the market. Mr. Muller has been established about fifteen years, and is well known to the trade as an honorable and reliable merchant. He has a man on the road, and ships goods to all parts of the country, in addition to alarge city trade. By energetic work coupled with liberal and straight forward commercial principles, he has built up a large and prosperous business. Stephen D). Hatch, Architect, Office, Boreel Building, No. 115 Broadway.-The magnificent development of the material resources and wealth of the great metropolis, has created a demand for architectural talent of the highest order, and for the introduction of systems of construction that may be termed distinctively A meerican, in their wonderful adaptation of the laws of construction to the complex problems presenting thenmselves in the mammoth structures, which have, and are being erected upon contracted areas in our midst. Prominent among those architects who have made a special and I 134 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. boxes are placed stands on a solid masonary foundation, constructed under the s upervision of Mr. R. H. Robert son, the architect of several of the most prominent churches and other noted structures in this city, which is entirely independent of the walls of the building occupied by the company, so that the entire block in which it is situated was destroyed, it would not be ser iously damaged. The outside dimensions of the vault are: 16 feet 6 inches wide, by 9 feet 3 inches deep, and 9 feet 3 inches high, with wrought-iron girders over the top to addition ally protect it; the vault lining is 2, inches thick on top, bottom, sides and ends, composed of 5 alternate plates of X inch each, 5-ply welded iron and steel and wrought-iron, between which and outer casing of boiler iron are 6 inches of the best known fire-proof material, thus completely enveloping the vault on all sides. The inner and outer doors are 2y and 4 inches thick, respectively, and made of 6 and 7 inch plates of 5-ply high and low steel, melded and tempered drill proof, and "Franklinite iron," cast with W-inch wrought-iron rods in it-"Franklinite," being the only metal which is absolutely secure against the compound blow-pipe and drill used by burglars. There are 24 train-bolts from 1% to 2 inches diameter, which shoot from the top, bottom and sides when locked, and the grooves of the doors are packed with India rubber tub ing, giving the protection against the air-pump, which is one of the most dangerous tools in the hands of cracksmen. The bolts are held by "Herring's Im proved Double Dial Dexter Combination Bank Locks," two of which are on each door and so arranged that one or both may be required to release them, as pre-deter mined. In addition to these a time-lock is on the outer door, which prevents its being opened until such an hour as may be selected. The strength of the structure will be more fully appreciated when it is stated that the outer door alone weighs nearly four tons, and yet is so delicately and beautifully poised and balanced that it can be handled by a child. The company is justly entitled to the support of the people whose convenience has been studied in choosing its location in a section of the metropolis, which is rap idly developing into a great business centre. Lloyds Plate Glass Insurance Company of New York,No.68 William Street-The multiplicity of ways that plate glass, mirrors, etc., are broken, suggests to every one the wisdom of insuring against accidents. It is too late when your glass is broken to try andlnsure it, and an excellent opportunity is given to merchants, store keep ers, and others to guard against loss, by the Lloyds Plate Glass Insurance Company of NewYork,whose handsome offices are at No. 68 William street. This company was in corporated in 1882, under the laws of this State, and has one hundred thousand dollars deposited with the insurance department for the security of policy holders. The company issues policies all over the country, at low rates, for insurance on plate glass against accidental breakage, fire excepted.-Mr. J. G. Beemer, the president, is a gentleman well known in insurance circles as an honorable, energetic business man, of sterling personal worth and ability, and eminently qualified to fill the important executive position he holds. Mr. D. B. Halstead, the vice president, and Mr. W. T. Woods, the secretary, are both men of excellent qualifications and ability. The directors embrace the leading representatives of New York's commercial and manufacturing interests, and are men who stand high in the community. The Lloyds Plate Glass Insurance Company is in every respect an honorable, liberal and progressive institution whose methods of insurance are being rapidly appreciated by the business Community resulting financially profitable to both the public and the Knickerbocker Trust Company, No. 234 Fifth Avenue, is one of the new financial institutions, that has recently been added to this city, and was organized un der special charter in July 1, 1884, and has already achieved a marked success, and now ranks among the mnost trusted fiduciary establishments in New York. Dissatisfaction has been expressed for some time by business men and residents in the upper part of the city, that they were compelled to go down town, in order to deposit funds in trust companies. This involves a great loss of time, considerable inconvenience, and more or less risk, particularly in the cases of elderly gentlemen and ladies, who would not otherwise be obliged to go down town. While the principal business of the Knickerbocker Trust Company will be as trus tees for individuals, corporations, estates, court funds, etc., it will also issue certificates of deposit bearing interest, and will receive for the convenience of custo mers current accounts, subject to check at sight. The offices have been handsomely fitted up and furnished, and a separate room has been set aside for the ladies, who will doubtless find it to their advantage to transact business with the company. Coupon room and other arrangements for privacy are complete. The present capital is $300,000, and as soon as the company has en tered fairly into business, it is proposed to increase the amount to $500,000, and eventually to $1,000,000. The fol lowing gentlemen well known for their executive ability and integrity, are the officers and direc tors, viz; President-Frederick G. Eldridge; Vice Pres ident-Charles T. Barney; Secretary-Joseph T. Brown; Board of Directors-Joseph S. Auerbach, Charles T. Barney, James H Breslin C. T. Cook Joseph W. Drexel, Fred'k C. Eldridge, Jacob Hays, A. Foster Hig gins, J. Townsend Burden, Harry B. Hollins, Alfred M. Hoyt, Gen George J Magee, Henry W T. Mali, Robert G. Remsen, Andrew H. Sands, Jas. M. Waterbury, Charles H. Welling, Hon. Ira Davenport, Bolton Hall; Executive Committee-Charles T. Barney, Joseph W. Drexel, Jacob Hays, Alfred M. Hoyt, Henry W.T. Mall, Robert G. Remsen, Andrew G. Sands, Jas. M. Water bury, Joseph S. Auerbach. These names are synonymous of commercial probity, and their connection with the Knickerbotker Trust Company gives a leading position amioug the sound and well managed institutions of the e,()itriy, and p..-'ses an extensive and successful career. Among the stockholders are J. Pierpont Ilorgan, Edward Cooper, George Henry Warren, Wm. 1P. Travers, A. S. Hewitt, W. K. Vanderbilt, W. Y. Mortimer, John W. George, Samuel D. Babcock, Moses Lazarus, John J. Townsend, James L. Breese, Peter Moller, Jr., George Garr, A. Depau Moran, Isaac P. Smith, William H. Hays, Benjamin L. Swan, Jr., C. L. Tiffany, John De Koven, James T. Woodward, E. K. Willard, N. S. Jones, Alexander Mitchell, J. Amory Hodges, William Woodward, Jr., Henry W. Oliver, Jr., C. J. Langdon, Hon. Ira Davenport, William Marshall, Stephen H. Herriman and Walter C. Tuckerman. It should be borne in mind that the Knickerbocker Trust Company starts with its capital absolutely intact, with no investments of a doubtful character, and the reasonable probability, that any investments which may be made out of its funds and profits are more likely to increase in value than depreciate. This company has shown characteristic energy in the completion of one of the finest fire and burglar-proof vaults yet turned out of the manufactory of those eminent builders, Messrs. Herring & Co. It has been constructed not only for the use of the company itself, but also for the accommodation o! their constituents and residents in the vicinity, who can hire boxes of varying sizes on moderate teims for the safe keeping of securities, jewelry, etc., as in any safe deposit company, with the usual coupon-rooms for handling the same with perfect privacy. The vault in which these safe deposit I I 135 company.. 136 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. patronage from a large number of our refined and wealthy citizens. Here are accommodations for 300 guests, many of the rooms being en suite, affording parlor, bed-rooms and bath-room, all self-contained and luxuriously furnished. Many of these desirable suites are permanently occupied by opulent citizens, who wisely prefer the comfort of hotel life, coupled with its freedom from care and lessened expense over keeping up a private establishment. The Shelburn's halls and corridors are wide, spacious and convenient, while the rooms are all commodious, handsomely furnished and elegant in all their appointments, fixtures and upholstery. It is indeed a perfect establishment, the able proprietors bringing vast practical experience to bear in every department. The cuisine is unrivaled, the catering for it being conducted upon a basis of liberality, ensures only the best and rarest of everything the market affords,while the culinary department is under the management of a distinguished French chef, thus giving entire satisfaction to the most critical and fastidious. Messrs. Blinn, by their noteworthy energy and enterprise, have made an enduring name for themselves, and have gained an excellent reputation in the community for their kind and courteous manners and inflexible integrity. Without exception the Hotel Shelburn is one of the best conducted houses in New York, and guests will at all times find here courteous and prompt attention, a pleasant locality, cultured society, and everything to make them feel at home and comfortable at all seasons of the year. Strauss, Blumenthal & Co., Importers of Fancy Goods, Small Wares, Buttons, Cutlery, Musical Instruments, etc., No. 444 Broadway.-An important branch of commercial activity and one deserving of special mention in a review of the leading business interests of New York, is the importation of fancy goods and small wares. One of the finest and undoubtedly one of the most extensive establishments engaged in this line of trade is that of Messrs. Strauss, Blument hal & Co., No. 444 Broadway, which was originally founded in 1855, and since its inception at that period, has always commanded a liberal and substantial patronage from all first-class houses. The premises occupied are very convenient and spacious, and fully stocked with a splendid assortment of fancy goods, buttons, cutlery, harmonicas, accordions, violin strings, etc., which are unrivalled for quality, utility and excellence. The trade is strictly wholesale, several travelling salesmen represent the interests of this enterprising firm at the principal centres of wealth and population in this country and Canada. The system which prevails throughout the whole of this establishment indicates the most careful supervision, while the judgment and taste displayed in the importationof the fancy goods, etc., indicate that the partners are thoroughly educated to the business, and acquainted with the wants of a critical trade. All goods are purchased direct by the agents of the firm from the principal European manufacturers, while with regard to prices, this responsible house is well known as the cheapest emporium in the city, at which to purchase these classes of articles. The members of this co-partnership, Messrs. Adolph and Morris Strauss, and Sigmund Blumenthal, are well known to the business community as men of rare energy and ability. A visit to the extensive warerooms of the firm in Broadway, will satisfy purchasers and their friends that the production, of this house are without a rival, and justly merit the commendation bestowed upon them. Beeker Bros., Manufacture r s of Gilt and Bronze Picture Moulding s, Looking Glass a nd Picture Frames, No. 330 West 36th Street.-The house of Becker Brothers, whose factory is at 330 West 36th street, was founded twenty-seven years ago, an d ha s been at the same location ever since. T he wo rkshops are equipped with the most improved machinery and appliances, and e very facil ity is at hand for executing the largest orders in the promptest and most reliable ma nner. They manufacture picture mouldings o f T e very color and description for decorative purposes, and the hanging of pict ures, looking glass and pict ure f rames. They are also dealers in looking glass plates, of which they carry a large stock on hand. Messrs. Jacob, Francis, Adam and Joseph Becker,who compose the firm, are all practical workmen, and understand the business in its every detail. By industry and fair dealing they have built up a large and permanent trade,'which is annually increasing in importance. The goods manufactured by them have a standard reputation, and are unexcelled for beauty and originality of design, superiority of workmanship and finish. Thomas Maher, Dealer in Anthracite and Bituminous Coal, No. 232 West 32nd Street.-Prominent among the old established coal merchants of the metropolis who have built up an excellent reputation and a prosperous business, is Mr. Thomas Maher, whose office is at No. 232 West 32rd street. He began his commercial career when a lad, and in 1843 he established his present business in a modest way, and by energetic work and honorable dealing he soon won a substantial footing on the road to prosperity. That his energies have been well directed is evinced by the extensive business he now controls. He deals in all the best grades of anthracite and bituminous coal, which is properly screened and cleaned before delivery. Mr. Maher receives large shipments direct from the mining regions, and is enabled to retail at the very lowest prices. He has a large patronage drawn from among the best class of our citizens, and also supplies many large institutions. He also carries a stock of oak, pine, and hickory wood, which is sold in lots to suit purchasers. Hotel Shelburn, Blinn Brothers, Proprie tors, Fifth Avenue, Corner Thisty-sixth Street.-The metropolis has ever been recognized as the centre where large capital, amplewpractical experience, and boundless enterprise have' combined to m ak e its hotels superior to any in the country. Among t he leading a nd strictly first-class houses is the Hote Shelburn, so eligibly and centrally located at the c o rner of Thirty-sixth Street and Fifth Avenue. The advantages of the European plans were readily seen and recognized by the p roprietors, Messrs. H. L. and W illi s N. Blinn, and it i s at th e present day one of t he lead ing hotels in the city, conducted on that most effi cient pl an, and has given the greatest satisfaction, as can be testified toby thou sands of the refined and w eal thy classes of so ciety and the traveling public that have enjoyed its hospitalities. The hotel is six stories in height, and arc hit ectur ally on e of the most handsome structures on the fashion able thoroughfare of the city and contains 150 r ooms, etc. Internally, its arrangem ents are in every respect up to the highest standard of comfort and elegance, and no pains or expense, have bee n spar ed b y its esteemed prop rietors to render it a representative New York hotel, strictly first-class in every d etail. The plumb ing and v entilation ar e of the most scientific and satisfactory character, and the building is supplied with the latest and most improved appliances, thus effectually securing guests against the inconveniencies and dangers resulting from imperfect ventilation and drainage. The handsome offices, reception and dining-rooms are richly frescoed and decorated, and are connected with the floors above with spacious stair-cases and the most approved safety passenger elevators. The Shelburn was opened by the present popular lessees in September, 1882, and since they succeeded to the business thev have obtained,a liberal and influential 136 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 137~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ calter to the individual wants of any one patron or the trade in general. The c ust om of th is house is dirived from the elite of the metropoli s an d its vicinity, and is annually increasing in consequence of the unsurpassed qua lity, excellence, and wor kmanship of its productions. Messrs. E. P. and B.. Merwin ar e w idely known by the com mun ity as ho norable busine ss men and u pright private citizens, and jus t ly meri t the success attain ed by the ir ability, energy and persever ance. St. James Hotel, Willia m M. Connor, Proprietor, Corner Broadway and 26th Street.-Perhaps no feature contributes more directly to the rapid development of a city, than the convenien ce and comfort of its hotels, and in this respect New York stands pre-eminent. No more perfect establishment of this description can be found in t he United Stat es than the St. James Hotel, which is conveniently located on the corn er o f Broadway and 26th Street. It is eas y o f access by the elevated road s and stre e t c ar lines, while it is directly central to the largest business houes and shops in the est pscity, also tothe leading the atres and clubs, so that its guests have facilities and conveniences in this way, that are i n themselves a great attraction. The St. James Hotel was o pened in 1863, an d contains two hun dred rooms, and has always maintained the very highest reputatio n with the most influential a nd des irable class of patrons. The halls an d c orridors are wide, spacious and convenient, whil e the r ooms are very co m modious, handsomely furnished, and elegant in al l their appo intments, fixtures and upholstery. The ladies' and gentlemen's parlors are richly and luxuriously equipped, while the ,>ffices are fitted up in attractive style. The appointments, fittings and furnishings are of the highest class and absolutely complete, and reflect the utmost credit upon the good t aste a nd ju dgment of the est eemed proprietor, Wm. M. Conner, Esq. The building is a splendid six-storied structure, admirably equipped with all the latest improvements, including elevators, fire esca pes, electric bells and lights, a n d every other in vention that can possibly insure th e comfort and safety of guests and patrons. The dining room is perfect in all its appointments, and the cuisine is not surpassed by that of any similar establishment in the metropolis. The bar is stocked with all the finest wines and liquors that the most epicurean taste could possibly require, while smoking and reading rooms are exclusively for the accommodation of guests. In short the St. James Hotel is in every respect a model house, affording the comfort and seclusion of a home, In connection with the many advantages that are not attainable elsewhere. Mr. Conner is held in highest estimation in social life and has always identified himself with any measure, conducive to the general welfare of the community. W. S. Dunn & Co., Agents for the National Papeterie Co., of Springfield; Empire Moulding Works, of Rochester; Leonard Lawrence Co., of Detroit, &c., No. 46 Murray Street.-The development of New York as the great commercial metropolis of the country at large coupled with its enormous internal demand for every class of manufactured goods renders it of the utmost importance to the leading establishments in outlying sections of the United States to be directly represented in this great mart of trade. A firm which ably serves the best interests of several of the most prominent manufacturers in certain staple lines is that of W. S. Dunn & Co., of No. 46 Murray Street. The copartners are Messrs. W. S. Dunn and L. E. Dodge, both widely known and respected members of the mercantile community, and whose energy, enterprise, and integrity, are universally recognized. They are the New York representatives of the following concerns in their respective lines of manufacture, viz: The National Papeterie Company of Springfield, Mass.. whose boxes of stationary are much the most popular and reliable throughout the trade, t he Company' s other specialties are elegant plush cabinet frames, bronze art pieces, plush mirrors of best quality, &c. &c.; the Empire Moulding Works of Rochester, N. Y., leading producers of the most artistic cabinet and square frames, easels and novelties, wall pockets, and mouldings in vast variety, Le onard Lawrence & Co., of Detroit, Mich., manufacturers of the celebrated white and finished mouldings. Messrs. W. S. Dunn & Co. are also agents for the Western manufacturers of composition gold, chestnut, ash, oak, and black walnut of every description of style and finish, from plain to the most elaborate. Their salesroom is directly central in location and where a large and well assorted stock is at all times displayed. City and near-by jobbers and retailers should not fail to inspect these splendid lines of goods before going elsewhere, as they are the best that ample resources, practical skill and the best arts of the designer can produce, and are quoted at prices which will command the attention of the closest buyers. HIervin Co., Tailors, No. 238 Fifth Avenue.-In the complexities of city life, the business of merchant tailoring may be regarded as one of the greatest importance to the community in furnishing those evidences of refinement and taste in dress that are represented in fashionable and well fitting garments. As one of the houses in this line of business which has been foremost in promoting the standard of elegance in dress, that of Merwin & Co., No. 238 Fifth Avenue has obtained an enviable reputation. This house was originally founded in New Haven, Conn., in 1831 by the father of the present proprietors, Messrs. E. P. and B. R. Merwin. Seeing the advantage of a representation in the metropolis, in 1879 the firm established the present branch in Fifth Avenue, under the management of Mr. B. R. Merwin. The New Haven establishment, however, is conducted by the senior partner, Mr. E. P. Merwin. Their long experience, coupled with an extensive knowledge of what constitutes symmetry and elegance of design in wearing apparel, has given them a proficiency attained by few of their compeers, an(d the truth of this ts exemplified in the high character which the garments of this house have obtained. The premises occupied are very attractive and commodious, and are fully stocked with a valuable and varied line of the finest European woolens and suitings, embracing the latest patterns in tlhe market, and many others of special designs not to be found elsewhere, as well as the standard goods generally sought after by those who are more conservative in the character of their dress. These goods are made by the most noted English manufacturers, according to pecitfied directions of the firm, which enables them to 8 Fredrick Keppel & Co., Rare Engravings and Etchings and Fine Picture Framing, No. 23 Ea st 16th Street. To one who possesses a love of the be autie s of the engravers' art and an appreciation of the trimnphs of etching, a visit to the showrooms and gallery of Frederick- Keppel & Co., No. 23 East 16th street, will afford unusual delight. There are displayed some of the best works from studios of the world's greatest engravers and etchers, the finest products of European talent and the contributions of our own artists being always on exhibition. This enterprising firm has been established in this city fifteen years and is recognized as the leading house in its line. They have a branch establishment in London and do a very extensive business. They deal in rare engravings and etchings, and make a specialty of fine picture framing. They enjoy the highest class of patronage and have established an excellent reputation. Mr. Frederick Keppel and Mr. William Macbeth, who compose the firm, are gentlemen of long experience in their particular line. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 137 13 NE OKSLAIN NUTIS occupy an eligible location, in the very centre of the large manufacturing and jobbing interests of the oil. The mills are located at Valley Fall, N. Y., and ae very spaciou and commodious, equipped wAth all Up latest improved machinery and appliances known*e the trade, for the economical and efcient rmut on of the business. The firm manufactures every de scription of twine,mosquito nets,buckram, &e, which are unsurpassed for quality and excellence by the produc tions of any other contemporary house in the trade. The growth and prosperity of th fim are only cam mensurate with the energy and enterprim of its pi prietors, who are sedulously engaged in mantainmg the character of their productionr, and by so dofg meeting the most exacting demands ofthe lm jobbing trade exclusively. All orders are prompt1y filled, and it is the endeavor of Messrs. James Thomp son & Co, to merit by the strictest principles of bys ness integrity, a continunce of the support they ham already enjoyed. The indidual members of to partnership are Jame Thompson and R. B. Schone man, who are worthy exponents of this most importa industry. They will be found prompt, liberal and en terprising, never unsolicitous for the benefttof parons, and always prepared to offer advantages In keeptag with such an enduring reputation. X. W. Barnes & Co., Paper Warehouse,No. 6 Do Street.-It is estimated that the annual product of the paper mills of the United States reaches the enormom total of over $100,000,000, which represents an equally large proportion of the raw material from which paper is made, such as rags, old paper, wood, straw and other fibrous substances. Among the leading houses in this city dealing in this product is that of C.W. Barnes & C=, which was established in 1873. Oommencing in a comparatively small way Messrs. Barnes & Oo. soon secured a substantial and influential patronage, and the increase of their business necessitated their removal to the present quarters in 1877. Their stock is large and complete, and includes every description of wrapping, news and printing papers, atc., and all kinds of paper makers' supplies. The facilities posted by this f enable it to buy goods direct from the manufacturers for cash, and to offer them to customers at the loft market prices, and it in also prepared to exfted of legitimate business accommodation. The premtmm oonsiats of a first floor, basement and sub-ceular, and a number of hands are employed in handling the immense stock of goods carried. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. a. W. and T. R. Barnes, both of whom are self-made men, posted of that enterprise, city and business push which so inevitably lead to tess. They are well known to the trade, and their house is regarded as one of our soundest Ad most reliable concerns. A. J. Bloor, Architect, Bryant Building, No. 55 Liberty Streets-The metropolis has proved a fruitful fAeld for the exerese of the highest order of talent in the line of modern architecture, and on every hand are evidences of the skill, talent and energy that have reared such permanent monuments of constructive effort In reviewing the rise and progress of arc hitect ral education in our midst, the name of Mr. A. J. Bloor will at ome suggest itself to thousanas of our readers, for though his practise has been largely outside of New York, he is known in the metropolis as the ar ehiet of some of its most prominent buildings and as the author of a series of monographs on fire proof con struction, tenement houses, interior decoration, land scape gardening, (having been on the architectural staff of the Oentral Park in its early days), and kindred topics. Except during the civil war, when he was ass i st ant secretary of the anitaryCommission in Washington, Mr. Bloor has lived in the metropolis from childhood. He studied with one of the most prominent architects of the city, and after a long and successful practice, is to-day sreconized as a thoroughly representative mem ber of the diinctive American school of architecture, that has solved and still is so successfully solving the complex problems of how to best utilize the minimum of building spae with the maximum of accommodation, and architectral beauty of design. He has devoted himself to his profession with conscientious regard for the excellence and perfection of every detail however minute, and has well merited the high reputation per manently maintained by him, and which accords with his recognized standing in professional circles. Among Mr. Bloor's earliest works was Mr. John Taylor Johnton's palatial marble mansion, on Fifth avenue, South West corner Eighth street, one of the first private houses in America,having a solidstone cornice all round, and also one of the first built with hollow walls to prevent dampness. Among his latest work is the Bryant building, with its three fronts on Liberty street, Nassau street and Liberty place. It is nine stories high, including attic, and in certain novelties of construction, ventilation and hall-lighting, as well as in the fact that seven eighths of Its floor area is rentable, it is one of the best specimens erected in answer to the popular demand for lofty office buildings. Mr. Bloor is a trustee of the American Institute of architects and was for many years its secretary. He was one of the founders of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and is a life member of it, as also of the American Arch(mological Society. He is also one of the three members of the Willard Architectural Commission, now engaged in forming an architectural department for the Metropolitan Museum of Art. A few years ago, he visited the various EuLropean Museums with this object in view, and it is believed that the result of the Willard Commission's labors will be a collection in oar midst of an architectural museum far in advance for historical and educational purposes of any single collection in Europe. Personally, Mr. Bloor i deservedly popular, both in business and social circles, and is a thorough going exponent of those measures best calculated to ennoble this worlds' mntropolis with an architecture worthy of its commercial fame. J'ames Thompson & Co., Manufacturers of Twines, Mosquito Nets, Buckram, etc., No. 129 West Broadway, besween White and Walker Streets.-The manufacture ' twines in this country has attained a degree bordering on perfection. The products of our leading manuLattories now equal, if they do not excell, those of the most noted foreign establishments. This result has been achieved by the energy, ability and industry of our manufacturers, who have made untiring exertions to attain the end. One of theoldestand most prominent houses eypaed ha this trade is that of Messrs. James Thompson & Co., No. ].9 West Broadway. Here they Mott & Esp, Manufacturers of 8ilk, sf and Stiff Hats, No. 56 Barclay Sty-The hat trade forms an important industry in our city's commerce, and among the leading manufacturing houses engaged in this business is that of Mott & Sands, who occupy the spacious premises No. 56 Barclay street. They have been established since 18T7 and do a large city trade, and manufacture as ordered for retai, the finest qualities of hats, making a specialty of wine sti hats. They have every facility for executing the largest orders, they employing a number of skilled workmen and promptly filling every demand made upon them in a prompt and. satisfactory manner. Mr. John A. Mott and Mr. Dantel H.,ands who compose the fim, a wel known to the trade as reliable and energetic busi nes m. By liberal and upright methods they have built up a lam and prosperous patronage which is steadily inteasing: under Judicious management. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 138 -~~~E OKSLADN NUTIS 3 London: Stimulating Lotion for the Hair. Manufactured by Piesse & Lubin, New Bond Street, London: Newport Casino Nosegay, Newport Casino Toilet Powder, &c., &e. Manufactured by L. R. Blackman, Chemist, Newport, R. I.: Suppository Moulds, 15 grains, 30 grains and 120 grains, each $8.00. Messrs. Caswell, Massey & Co.'s standing in commercial circles is A No. 1. Caswell, Mllassey & Co., Druggists and Dispensing Chemists, No. 578 Fifth Avenue, opposite Windsor Hotel, and No. 1121 Broadway, under Hoffman House.When we consider the great number of mishaps that have taken place from ignorance, carelessness and want of experience in compounding prescriptions and medicines, it is a matter of congratulation to point out to the citizens of New York a pharmacy where the high character of its management renders such mistakes absolutely impossible. Such a one is that of Messrs. Caswell, Massey & Co., No. 1121 Broadway, and No. 578 Fifth Avenue, which was founded many years ago, and since its inception has attained a liberal and influential patronage from all classes of society owing to the unsurpassed character and quality of their various pharmaceutical preparations. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. T.I.R. Caswell,W.M.Massey and L. R. Blackman, gentlemen of great executive ability and inflexible integrity, and who are prominent members of the American Pharmaceutical Association, the New York College of Pharmacy, and other scientific institutions. The premises occupied are spacious, eonvenient and elegant, and contain a large and varied stock of the finest drugs and chemicals of their own manufacture, proprietary medicines of acknowledged merit and reputation, fancy toilet articles, perfumery, mineral waters, both of domestic and foreign manutacture, and, indeed, every article that may be thought of in connection with a first class pharmacy. There is no department of the drug business so important as the careful, conscientious, and intelligent compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes, and this branch holds a paramount position in this establishment. All modern appliances have been provided to secure accuracy, and no persons more fully appreciate the responsibility that rests upon them than Messrs. Caswell, Massey & Co. For this purpose they are supplied with the purest possible drugs and chemicals, and duly qualified druggists and assistants, who have graduated at our medical colleges. Medical science has of late years made most rapid progress, and there has been greater skill and ability displayed as regards the best methods of bringing remedies to bear upon various diseases. Messrs. Caswell, Massey & Co.'s pharmaceutical preparations, prepared at their own lanratory, have obtained a world-wide fame, and the sale of the.r "Cod Liver Oil," with Pepsine and Quinine, "Wines of Coca," and numerous other valuable medicines is annually increasing in volume, owing to their purity and reliability. The emulsion Cod Liver Oil is the most palatable and elegant emulsion made, and can be retained by the most delicate stomach. The firm has likewise branches at No. 6 Casino Building, Bellevue Avenue, and No. 167 Thames, corner Mill street, Newport, R. I., and their foreign correspondents are Messrs. Curtis & Co., No. 48 Baker street, London, and W. H. Swann, No. 12 Rue Castiglione, Paris. They are agents in the United States for the following preparations: Manu factured by W. H. Swann, Chemist, No. 12 Rue Castiglione, Paris, for Dr. Churchhill: Syr. Hypophos phite Soda, Syr. Hypophosphite Lime, Syr. Hypophos phite Iron, Syr. Hypophosphite Comp. 411s, Hypophos phite Quinine. Mr. Swann's Corn and Bunion Plaster. Manufactured by Curtis & Co., Chemists, No. 48 Baker street, London: Essence Ergota, Ammoniata, Liq. Seca is Cornuti (Recognized Preparation), Pasma, or Healing Powder, Lavender Bouquet, Army and Navy Bouquet, Jockey Club Bouquet. Manufactured by Hendrie & Co., Tichborne street, London: Inexhaustible Smelling Salts, Superfine Violet Powder, Old Brown Windsor Soap, Extract Double Rose Pink, New Court Bouquet, Petroline Shaving Soap, Almond Tablets for the skin, &c., &c. Manufactured by W. H. King, Crawford Street, London: Chloro Phosphide of Arsenic. Manu'factured by H. P. Tiuefltt, No. 20 Builington Arcade, I NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 139 Redfern & i3ons. (In America). Ladies' Tailors and Habit Makers, No. 210 Fifth Avenue, Madison Square and No. 11.,2 Broadway.-New York is the Paris of America as regards fashions and styles In every class of ladies' apparel. As ladies' tailors and habit makers there Is no name more highly esteemed or widely known than that of Messrs. Redfern & Sons, No. 210 Fifth Avenue, Madison Square and No. 1132 Broadway, which though only recently established in 1884, has already obtained a liberal and Influential support from the wealthyandretinedclassesofsociety. Thisisabranch of the famous house of 11 Redfern" which was orginally founded at Cowes, Isle of Wight, England, 1806, by the grandfather of the present esteemed proprietor, where the old establishment still flourishes and gives permane nt'em ployment to about two hundred skilled and experienced operatives. Ii. consequence of the great success of the firm at Cowes, subsequently the following splendid branches were opened, viz: No. 26 Conduit street, London, England, and 242 Rue de Rivoli, Place de la Concorde, ParJs, and No. 210 Fifth Avenue, New York. The latest addition to Redfern's large establishment is a Villa at Newport on the Bellevue Avenu4, where he intends doing business during the summer. The premises occupied on Fifth Avenue are very handsome and commodious, and comprise a magnificent five!-Storied building elegantly equipped with every appliance and facility for the proper execution of their business and convenience of their customers, communicating with a building of equal sie on Broadway-the latter building being utilized for the storing of their Immense stock, and (this is a peculiar feature of Redfern & Son's establishment) the boarding and sleepingaccommodationsof theirleadingemployes. Byspecialappointment,Messrs. Redfern & Sons are ladies' tailors and habit makers to the Queen of England, Empress of Russia, Princess of Wales, Queen of Portugal, Queen of Denmark, Princess Louise and Duchess of Albany. Any riding habit or costume made by this renowned house Is always endorsed by the most fastidious critics, as superior in every respect, and the great experience of this establishment in Europe, makes this firm the recognizedautborityand leader in this business. In one of the rooms of this house on Fifth Avenue, Is the life-size model of a horse, saddled withamostingentousarrangementsofmirrorstodisplay the actual position and fit of riding habits. The direct connections of this house with Parisian and London centres of fashions, and its facilites for arriving at reliable decisions as to the prevailing modes for any season have made Messrs. Redfern & Sons' patterns of tailor made dresses and habits, as popular as they are eagerly sought after, for the artistic beauty, novelty, utility, variety, economy and fashionable elegance. Thisestablishment employs in its different branches in Europe and this county about 1500 operatives, and in consequence of the unsurpassed quality and character of its tailor made costumes and riding habits, the trade is rapidly increas ing in volume. Messrs. Redfern & Sons are noted for their liberality and generosity to their employes, and have always manifested the greatest Interest in all measures calculated to advance their permanent wel fare and benefit. This business Is not only a source of pride to every citizen of New York, but also to the entire country, while the officers and managers of this celebrated firm are admirably qualified to attend to It NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. V. Loewer~s Gambrinus Brewery, Lager Beer, Nos. 525 to 534 West 41st Street.-The brewing in terests of the metropolis have attained pro portions of the greatest magnitude, enlistin g as they do ampl e capital, splendi d equipments, and great e nter pri se a nd energy. In the line of lager bee r e specially are the achievements of our leading brewers worthy of mention, and in this historical review will be found accurate accounts of the great breweries of New York. Prominent -among the number is the popular " Gambrinus Brewery," of which Mr. V. Loewer is th e esteeme d pr oprietor. Mr. Loewer is recognized to be mast er of h is profess ion, and as skil ful and practical a proprietor as is in the business. He is a native of Germany and there acquired a thor ough knowledge of the art of brewing, removing to New York about twenty-five years ago. In 1867 he e sta blished the " Gambrinus Brewery " at its present very eligible loca tion in West 41st Street, and during the intervening pe riod has developed a very large and permanent field for the consumption of his superior product. His brewery ha s bee n erected under his close personal sup ervision, with every modern improvement and many conveniences. not foun d els ewhere. The main building ha s a front ag e of one hundre d feet o n 41st street with a depth of one hundred feet, and is six stories in he ight. It is worth y of careful description, being fitted up in the most com plete manner with large cellars and labor-saving appli ances throughout. An average of forty hand s find steady employment, while ten first-class doubl e wagons are re quire d for de liver y purposes. An important feature of the es t a blish ment is Mr. Loewer's bottling department, situated opposite the brewery in a two-story building, seventy-five feet front, and provided with the best facil ities and improved bottli ng machine s. Here he bottles his own beer to ord er, sending out an enorm ous quantity annually. On ly the pure st mate rials are used by Mr. Loewer, who selects his o wn malt an d h ops, and over sees all the processes of manufacture, and is assisted by c areful and exp eri enced fore men in each department, thus maintaining the same hi gh standa rd of excellen ce. The " Gambrinus " beer meets with appr o bation of the best judges, while physicians reinmend it a s a thor - oughly pure and health y be vera ge. Its reputati on is best demo nstrated by it s e nor mous c onsumptio n in New York City, and neighboring sections, amount in g to 25,000 bar - rels, or 100,000 kegs per annum. The trademark of " King Gambrinus " with the monogram of " V L." (the " V." be ing formed across the face of the " L.") are popular des ignation s throughout the community, for Mr. Loewer has retained the confidence of th6 public, and the excellent beverage he affords them, at all times strictly and chemic ally pure, is steadily growing in use and must necessarily continue to do so. The capacity of the brewery isseventy thousand barrels per annum, and this amount is fully ne cessitated to supply the large demand. Mr. Loewer has a trade in Weiss beer, amounting to about sixty thousand boxes. At the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia in 1876, the beer produced by this brewery received a diplo ma for purity and excellence. Mr. Loewer is one of our public-spirited citizens, and is a member of the Masonic fraternity, in standing, and also an influential member of the United States Brewers' Association, and of the New York State Brewers' and Maltsters' Association. In both of these bodies he has given a conscientious support to all measures calculated to advance the art of brewing andl *the brewers' fraternity. As a progressive member of com;mercial circles he has no superior. His enterprise need not *be recounted here, since his merits are fully recognized in Ithe community, and New York may well be congratulated Ion the possession of such a representative establishment. as is the " Gtambrinlus B~rewrejry.' ]L. S. Dewey's Metropolitan Furniture Transfer and Storage Warehouses, Nos. 104,106 and 108 East 126th Street. -One of the best known and most respected business men of Harlem is Mr. L. S. Dewey, the popular proprietor of the "Metropolitan Furniture Transfer," and of the spa cious storage warehouses, Nos. 104, 106 and 108 East 126th Street, near Fourth Avenue. Mr. Dewey is a native of New York City, and has been a permanent resident here, ranking among our most public-spirited citizens. He es tablished his present business about twenty years ago, and has carried it on continuously to date with results of a character alike satisfactory to his customers and him self. He was located for some ten years at No. 188 East 123d Street, eventually, some six years ago, removing to his present establishment, which without question forms the finest storage warehouses in Harlem. The building was specially erected for this purpose, and has a front age of seventy-five feet on 126th Street, by a depth of one hundred feet. It is four stories in height, and its interior arrangements are perfect and complete. Here are no less than two hundred rooms, each with its separate door, and lock and key, all cleanly, dry and easy of access. Pianos, carpets and household effects generally are here accommodated, being handled with the greatest care by experienced men, and being taken up and down on a large elevator. Mr. Dewey's metropolitan furniture transfer is the best equipped concern of the kind in the city. He has spared neither pains nor expense to afford the public the best service that experience and ample cap ital can organize, and his large vans specially built for removing the choicest furniture are supplemented by Ave large trunks, so that he is fully equipped to satisfactorily effect the transfer of the contents of the largest houses and stores. Goods are called for and delivered to all parts of the city or country, while boxing and shipping are attended to in the most effectual and punctual manner. Mr. Dewey employs an average force of thirty hands during the busy seasons, and has developed a large and permanent trade, including many of our leading citizens among his permanent customers. S. Levinson, Manufacturer of Artiflcial Flowers, Feathers nd Flower Materials, No. 93 Prince Street.Among the leading establishments in this trade is that of Mr. S. Levinson, who occupies the spacious premises No. 93 Prince Street. He has been established for the past eleven years, and has built up an extensive wholesale trade. He has every facility for the prompt filling of all orders, and in the busy season employs from seventy-five to one hundred girls. The flowers and feathers manufactured at this establishment are unexcelled for beauty and originality of design, superiority of workmanship and finish. They have a standard reputation in the trade and are sold all over the country. Mr. Levinson was born in Germany and came to this country about eighteen years ago. Daniel Harnetths Livery Stables, Nos. 15,17 and 19 East 30th Street.-Prominent among the popular livery stables of the metropolis is that of Mr. Daniel Harnett. The premises occupied are spacious and substantially built. The interior arrangements are perfect and afford every facility for conducting an extensive business. These stables are well known for the stylish turn-outs kept. Mr. Harnett has a fine collection of horses, and a great variety of stylish carriages of all kinds, which can be had at reasonable rates for pleasure and business purposes. Mr. Harnett is an old resident of this city. He is an enterprising and reliable business man, and well deserves the success he has attained. He is highly esteemed by a large and constantly increasing circle of influential patrons. 140 I I 4 t-t IIt oi t-I tt - t t cr2 t-t Y, t NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. a reversal of the same apparatus are again raised to suf ficient elevation, say two or more feet above the ground or the sea, to proceed on their grand aerial voyage. At these stations gs is take n in case of condensation of the s ame taking pl ace i n the balloon, just as water is to the tanks and boilers of a locomotive. This principle of as cending and descending by means of these ste ering screw appaotati in conjunction with the prope lling force of the motor is based on the simple principle on which a bird cleaves the air, soars aloft, or descends by th e adjustment of its wings to atmospheric p re ssure, w hi ch sa ves the gas in the balloons, a nd does a wa y with ballast. It is a beautifully simple arrangement, t rue to nat ure and corroborated by science and experience. The resistan ce of the atmosphere as this great train rushes on, is oveir come by the cigar sha pe of the forward bal loon, and the clearing, if we may so s peak, made by it i n t he a ir for those that follow. This won derful train is made to sail from twenty to eighty miles an hour, so that in a storm of forty miles momentum in an hour in its "teeth " it can make a headway of forty miles an hour, and is so con structed and equipped as to hold head to the wind, and by means of a row of vertical rudders capable, at the same time, to move sideways, thus entirely without exposing the broadside of the whole serial train to the storm. The lifting force of gas is practically ascertained to an accuracy to be sixty-eight pounds to the one thousand cubic feet pure hydrogen. This brings it within the range of simple arithmetic to calculate the direct load the train will bear, whereas an additional carrying capac ity of sixty pounds per horse-power of the train-motors, and their adjustable screw propellers, is attained, which may be safely carried at an elevation of a few feet over the earth or sea. The horizontal pressure is also thus ascertained. Each indicated horse-power of the " air ships " motor is equal to one hundred pounds hori zontal pressure. The writer carefully examined it and studied it with the explanations of Captain Petersen and could detect no flaw in its utilitarian construction and equipments. The feasibility of air navigation is no long er problematic. That has been solved long ago. To navigate the great ocean of atmosphere that surrounds our globe is the question. To construct such vessels or trains or apparati as will carry the people and the com merce of the world safely and swiftly from one nation to another and from one city or section to another is now the great problem. This great "train of air ships," the product of the brain of this great master mariner, solves it. To say that Americans should feel an interest in this grand enterprise, especially New Yorkers, and aid it by their co-operation and money, is only to utter a truism. Let our commercial men visit the office of the "._Erial Navigation Company," see the models and have the models operandi explained, and they will feel convinced that the enterprise is all that it claims to be, and is eminently worthy of their aid. The president of the company, Captain Petersen, is well known in all parts of the world as a successful discoverer, navigator and inventor, who has devoted his valuable time for many years to the solving of the problem of serial navigation and to the saving of human life and property from shipwreck. He is also the author of several nautical and astronomical works, and for the last eighteen years has been a well known experienced and popular ship-builder and engineer. As president he is a valuable acquisition to the company, and his presence is the best guarantee for complete success. We wish thee company the success it so richly merits in the field of serial navigation, for such means of rapid communication as it is to afford will prove the greatest befiefaction ever derived. from the brain of man. Petersenus American AErial Navigation Company, Capt. Carl W. Petersen, President; Henry Stevens, Sec'y. No. 62 13th St., So. Brooklyn.-This is the age of practical mechanical wonders-of invention, which fill one's mind with feelings of delighted surprise and enthusiasm, and one after another the most difficult problems of nature are being successfully solved. The greatest of all problems is that of serial navigation, and it is fitting that in a work of this permanent character some mention should be made of the only practicable method so far devised for travelling the air. That this method of travel is entirely practical is clear, and it is to day certainly approaching a successful and practical use. Its present status is similar to all the great improvements that we at present enjoy, in the fact that it has to con tend in a very great measure with the fixed ideas and prejudices of the people, many of whom believe nothing is possible beyond what is in existence about them. The in ventor of the'only practical air ship now before the public is Capt. Carl W. Petersen, an experienced master mari ner, who has devoted years of patient thought and in quiry to the subject. The results are most reassuring, as letters patent of the United States of America were is sued to him for the manufacturing of ships and vessels for serial navigation. The company have seventy-eight improvements, protected by the patent laws of the United States, and will soon have two hundred and fifty. To carry outhis designs and build navigable air ships, the be fore mentioned company was formed, being incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, divided into fifty thousand shares of two dollars each. Captain Petersen has been wisely chosen president of the company, while Mr. H. Stevens, another master mariner, is the secretary. Limits of space prevent our giving a full technical description of the air ship, but it is the only patented construction in existence by which passengers can be carried through the atmospherical ocean with the greatest safety to life and property on board. Captain Petersen's invention has been carefully examined by eminent scientific men, and their united opinion is that his air ship will be a great success. The ingeniousness of the device exhibited in this Mbnderful " air ship " or " train of air ships " is among the wonders of modern invention. In order to fully understand the modus operandi of this gr-eat train it should )e visited at the office as above. Captain Petersen, the inventor and patentee, who is full of the subject, will be pleased to explain the model on exhibition there and will make it clear to any ordinary mind that air navigation by means of this "train of air ships," is not a theory but a fact. The captain is very lucid in his explanations and an hour spent with him on his model will richly reward any visitor. We will give our readers a few of the outlines of the construction of this wonderful invention. Let it be understood that it is a " train of air ships " connected together or coupled like a railroad train. Each car has an electric motor for the operation of two adjustable screw propellers, one on each sidesof each car. Each gas vessel or balloon has its own car suspended below it, and is independently under the control of its own rudder and screw propellers. In the event of a rupture or rent in a balloon it only affects one compartment, while che other three compartments remain in good working order. To compensate for such an event (as a rupture) the screw propellers of this department are so arranged by a simple mechanical contrivance and atmospheric pressure as to lift or bear up this section so that what is lost on the one ha nd is supplied on the other. B y these adjustable screws, which are also the steering apparatus for vertical directions, the cars are lowered at stations when stoppage is required, or indeed at any point, and by 142 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Frederick R. Wood, Fine Carriage and Wagon Manufacturer, Nos. 219 and 221 Westl9th Street.-A review of the great mercantile and manufacturing interests of the metropolis would not fairly represent the carriage industry if it failed to make mention of Mr. Frederick R. Wood's extensive arriage and wagon manufactory, located at Nos. 219 and 221 West 19th street. This business has been established since 1848, and has always enjoyed a prosperous career. The workshops are equipped with all the most modern mamachinery and appliance, and gives employment to a large force of skilled mechanics. The carriages built at this establishment are unsurpassed for beauty and originality of design, durability, and excellence of workmanship. Mr. Wood is an energetic, honorable and repr sentative business man. Boyd & Liappitt, Manufacturers of Gymnasium, Theatrical and Rowing Goods, No. 59 Murray Street.The American public has of late years manifested a growing and widely developed fondness for athletic and aquatic sports, which is considered by thoughtful students of the age, tobeone of the best signs of the times. There is thus a growing demand for the classes of goods required for the proper and efficient pursuit of these forms of gymnastic and athletic recreations, and the representative house engaged in thebusiness of su pplying every description of these goods is that of Messrs. Boyd & LiAppitt, of No. 59 Murray Street, co-partners who bring practical experience to bear, and an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade, and of base ball, cricket, tennis, gymnastic and rowing clubs generally. They founded their present extensive concern in 1877, originally locating at 69 Thomas street, thence removing to their present address. Their factory is conveniently situated in Brooklyn, where they give employment to an average oftwenty-five hands, engaged in the productions of all descriptions of regular made knit goods, silks and worsted goods for gymnasium and theatrical purposes. The latter branch of the firm's trade i s one of speci al merit. Th ei r theatrical goods are note d far and w i de for superiority of texture, excellence in style, and they have developed a large and permanent trade in this important department of their business. In base ball, cricket, tennis and athletic goods generally, the firm retains a thoroughly repre sentative position; the same remark applies to their goods and outfits for oarsmen, all materials enter ing into either garments or implements is of the best, skillfully and artistically designed by experts, and care fully and honestly manufactured. The co-partners, Messrs. R. R. Boyd and C. W. Lippitt, are noted for their honorable methods and sterling integrity, and give the closest personal attention to the filling of all orders, thereby ensuring satisfaction and the maintenance by them of the leading position in the American gymnastic and theatrical goods trade. Seoan & Co., Cloaks, Sluts and Garments, Nos. 184 and 186 Church Street.-Prominent among the most active and enterprising firms engaged in the manufacture of cloaks, suits and garments,is that doing business under the firm name and style of Seligman & Company. This business has been in operation nine years,and from a modest beginning, through enterprise, ability and untiring work, Seligman & Company, have become to be recognized as a standard and thoroughly representative house in their line. They mann facture a very full and choice and elegant assortment in cloaks. suits and garments in all the medium and fine grades. The high standard of excellence and in fact the national reputation attained by this popular manufacturing house are such as to make their goods in constant demand in all parts of the United States, more especially in the large centres of population, where the finest and more elaborate and costly garments are in request. In thus supply. ing the best and finest retail trade, they do a business second to none in the metropolis, employing between 400 and 500 hands in the manufacturing department. They keep on the road, at all seasons, a number of eM cient and competent salesmen, who look after the wants of their numerous customers. The members of this co partnership are Messrs. S. J. Seligman and A. H. Herts. The senior member is now in his 54th year. whilst Mr. Herst is twenty years his junior. The business of this house has always been characterized by a strict regard for high commerical honor which mark our best industries. Commercially the house stands high in the trade, whilst in social life, both gentlemen ara well and popularly known. Palms & Co., Importers of Bohemian Glassware, Lava and China Goods, Porcelain Shades and Argand Chimneys, No. 38 Barclay Street.-This business was originally established many years ago, and since its inception,the house has obtained a liberal and influential patronage from first-class retailers and jobbers, owing: to the unsurpassed elegance, quality and novelty of its glassware and porcelain goods. The premises are very commodious and spacious, and are fully stocked with a splendid assortment of Bohemian glassware, lava and china goods, porcelain shades and argand chimneys, etc. By the careful and prompt manner in which the business is conduted in alItdeartments, this establish ment has kept pace with the growth of the city, until now its operations are widely extended, and its reputa tion firmly established. Messrs. Palme & Co*, have likewise, a branch house at Steinschonau, Bohemia, and are prepared to execute with care and datch any orders for the direct import of B mlan goods. The business to wholesale, and the house being a large buyer and importer, direct from the most celebrated manufacturer s, can always p unsurpassed induce ments to those who favor it with tour patronage. The Kent, variety, Sty and character of the entire Stock of this house merit the attention of critical and prudent buyers. Chas. F. c lnde & Co., Manufacturer's of all kinds of Brooms, No. 331 Greenwich Street.- The number and v ariety of th e manufacture s of the metropolis are such as are only produced in t he very largest centre of population. Whether ifbe the polishing of a needle or the burnishing of the ponderous locomotive, New York is the centre of gravity for it all. The ordinary sweeping broom, which looks a small article in Itself, constitutes a large industry here and gives employment to many thousands of our people. One of the most reliable and leading houses m anu facturing these goods, is that of Chas. F. Linde & Co., of No. 1 Greenwich street, the Individual members being Messrs. 0. F. Linde and W. C. Smith. For the past twenty years, this house has been manufacturing in this market. They were formerly located at No. 280 Washington street. They make all kinds of varieties and grades of carpet, parlor, railroad, factory and whisk brooms. It is very generally known In the trade, and as gen erally conceded that the patent nickle cap brooms, as made by this house are the best carps brooms made. They are made in the most careful way from the very best materials, and for neatness in design, elegance of finish, and durability, are unsurpassed. These same goods with patent bronze caps are cheaper, and are suitable for more (rdlnary I. These gentlemen occupy the lare and oommod wos building No. 331 Greenwich At, which to taxed to its utmost capacity in the storage and handling of this stock. Throughout the trade the reputation of this house for a superior class of goods, the honorable methods pursued in the conduct of their business, and the attention given to fill orders accurately and satisfactorily, is well known. 143 14 E OKSLAIGIDSIIS saxony yarns, Shetland wool and floss embroidery, braids, silk and chenille cords, fancy ornaments. None but first class materials are used for making these goods, and guaranteed to be as represented. All orders are promptly filled. In addition to his numerous agencies in Europe and elsewhere, Mr. Frandenberg, gives his personal attention to purchases abroad. His visits to Europe are frequent,and anything new turning up, he has immediately for sale. Mr. Frankenberg started business in a small way, and being of pushing and enterprising character and of honest principles, soon achieved success. Garrett Ward, Stair Builder, Nos. 260 and 262 West 28th Street.-In no city in the country has interior dec orations and finishings for dwellings and buildings been brought to a higher degree of perfection than in New York. The vast amount of capital invested and seeking proper field of operations, at this point, has led to the erection of magnificent edifices without number, and stimulated all the higher branches of vocation that form a part of such. In probably no instance Is this more noticeable, than in the erection of stairways, they taking upon themselves, every form and design, sug gestive of refined taste and an intellectual comprehen sion of the beautiful. In fact, stair building is an art, and its followers are gentlemen who have made its successful prosecution the subject of study and research. In the effort to correctly portray this city's more important business interests, intelligent reporters have visited the leading business houses, in the various branches of trade and manufacture, and as a representative of that of stair building, attention is directed in this article to the old and well-known house of Garrett Ward, Esq., a gentleman that has been so engaged since 1862, a period of near a quarter century. In the gradual and marked change that stair building has undergone during this lengthy time, Mr. Ward has had much to do In advancing the grade and qual ity of this department of architecture. Mr. Ward has steadily advanced In his vocation, until at the present time he occupies a leading position among our repre sentative stair builders, his entire time being devoted to the erection of stairs of first-class workmanship and design. He has occupied his present eligible location at 260 and 262 West 28th street for the past three years and has every facility for executing the largest orders. He empioys only the best and most experienced workmen, and all the most improved machinery and appliances are at hand. He built the stairs in the Windsor ard Murray Hill Hotels, Hotel Brighton, Coney Island and many other noted hostelries, and elegant private residences. Mr. Ward Is himself a practical workman and understands thle business in Its every detail. He has had many large contracts for some of the finest buildings in the metropolis, and has executed them in the most satisfactory manner. In addition to stair building, he also makes a specialty of wainscoting for halls, stairs, &c. Mr. Ward is well-known to the trade as a Yeliable and energetic business man, honorable and fair in all his dealings; prompt and liberal in everything. By years of energetic work he has built up a profitable business and deserves the success he has attained. Hanft Brotherorits, Florists, No. 224 Fifth Avenue, between26thand 27th Streets, opposite Hotel Bruns wick.-The occu pation of a florist has of late year s been f ollowed a s a profession, and the gr owi ng des ire to ornament gardens and lawns and to grow flowers for decorations makes the calling an important one. Not even in winter does the shrine of Flora lack its gifts, for in the conservatories and greenhouses a constant sup ply of the most beautiful exotics is always available. New York has acquired a; national reputation as the centre of the flower trade, and a prominent house engaged in this business is that of Messrs. Hanft Bros., No. 224 Fifth Avenue, opposite Hotel Brunswick.. This house was originally established in 1851, in Grand street, by the present proprietors, and eventually, after several changes of location, was removed in 1876 to its present eligible position. The premises occupied are very com modious and attractive, and are fitted up with every appliance and convenience necessary for the prosecu tion of the business. The firm supplies a large demand for all kinds of flowers, including the rarest and finest varieties of foreign and native flowering plants and shxmix, and excels in superb floral decorations. They also furnish bouquets, wreaths and various emblematic designs for weddings, balls, parties, and also funerals, in...w and original conceptions of artistic forms. Ferneries, brackets and hanging-baskets are always on hand, and everything connected with this business is carefully and efficiently attended to. Orders by mail or telegraph receive prompt attention, and floral decorations are sent to any part of the city or country. The individual members of this coarnership are Messrs. John B. and J. GustavHanft, who are both natives of Germany, and who are fully prepared with all necessary facilities and resources to execute all commissions not only promptly, but with that intelligent apprehension of design that makes its efforts so highly appreciated by patrons. Henry E.Prankenberg, Importer and Manufacturer of Embroidery Materials and Yarns, No. 79 Walker Street.-In this line there is no more active and enterprising house in New York City, than that of Henry E. Frankenberg, the widely known and popular importer and manufacturer of embroidery materials, &c. The business was first started some twenty-five years ago, at No. 31 Walker street. Owing to itL increase he removed to the above add7 s some six years ago, where he occupies the store and severil floors, which are all very large and commodious Here he di,)lars a large stock of goods. He is the owner of the renowned trade marks "Madonna" and "Utopia." Any article branded with either of these registered trade marks is known to the world as the very best. His M: dorna washfast cottons and crewels and his Utopia Germantowns enjoy a wide repu ation. Zephyrs, canvas,satin,plushes, felts, silks, chenilles, in fact everything required by the embroidery trade can be purchased at his establishment. In his manufactory, which is fitted up with the most improved machinery known to the profession, a large force is engaged making Utopia Germantowns, German and Amnerican knitting yarns, cashmere and 144 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUS,TIZIES. F. Hoyt & Co., Perfumers, Office, No. 115 Worth Street.-Notwithstanding the almost exclusive produc tion of perfumes for so long a period In foreign counties, the United States, of late years, has taken a very advanced step in competition with the old and prominent localities that have become famous through the superfority of their perfumery. Houses in this trade are developing an Important business, and a leading one in this special department of manufacture, Is that of P. Hoyt & Co., whose extensive factory is located In Philadelphia, and whose New York office Is at No. 115 Worth street, under the management of Mr. W.A. Rhue, one ofthe co-partners. Thishousehasbeenestablishedforsix years, and through the superior excellence of their perfumes, has secured a trade throughout the United States. Their goods are sold direct from the factory to the jobbers, and by them distributed to all points. Hoytls colognes have a high and permanent reputation and packed in four sizes,-one-half, one, four and flve ounce bottles, In neat and attractive cases. Mr. Rhue, who conducts their extensive interests at this point, is a gentleman of enterprise and push, and favorably known in leading Commercial circles. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 14 Wagner & Kellam, Grocers, Nos. 74 and 76 Murray Street, near Greenw'ch Street.-No branch of wholesale trade in the metropolis has attained proportions of greatermagnitude or of more deserved prominence than that devoted to the grocery interests, both as regards practical experience, capital invested, and superior facilities and connection. The leading members of the New York trade. have long held the representative position throughout the country, notable among the houses thus referred to, is the old establis -d concern of Wagner & Kellam, of Nos. 74 and 76Murray street. The co-partners, Messrs. C. K. Wagner and M. K. Kellam, founded the business in 1859, originally locating at No. 74 Cortlandt street. In 1861 they removed to their present address, where they occupy one of the largest and finest stores in the business, its dimensions being 52 feet by 90, with every facility and convenience at command. Mr. Wagner was born at Easton, Pa., and Mr. Kellam, in Pike County, Pa., both gentlemen at an early age entering upon a commercial career and with such successful results, that now, when in the prime of life, they are proprietors of one of the finest wholesale grocery houses in the metropolis of America. Their stock is large and completely assorted and covering, as it does, every branch of staple groceries, and all fresh goods quoted at lowest market rates. The firm do a heavy trade through all the near-by states, and number among their permanent customers the leading grocers in every town of any importance. Both copartners are widely and favorably known in commercial circles, and it is an interesting fact that theirs is the oldest grocery house in New York, in which there has been no change of name in partnership since its establishment. Both Messrs.Wagner and Kellam have an intimate knowledge of every branch of the business, and those entering into commercial relations with them will obtain advantages difficult to be secured elsewhere in this city. B. & W. B. Smith, Artistic Store Fixtures, No. 220 West 29th Street.-Foremost among the sights of a great city are its shop windows, where the products of art and industry are displayed in lavish profusion. He who strolls for the first time along such thoroughfares as 14th street or Broadway-to'"see the sights" will find a large share in the windows, and the greater part in the interior decorations of our great retail and whole sale institutions. The shopkeeper of to-day must have his establishment in attractive shape if he caters for popular patronage, and in this connection it is worth while mentioning a representative house in the manu facture of artistic store fixtures. We refer to the old established firm of B. & W. B. Smith, No. 220 West 29th Street. They have made this business a specialty for the past fifteen years, during which time they have occupied the above location. They manufacture store fixtures and cabinet work of every variety and design. Many artistic specimens of their work can be seen throughout New York city, and they maintain the repu tation of turning out the handsomest, most durable and' reliable work only, which for beauty and originality of design, superiority of finish and workmanship is unex celled. The firm control a large and growing trade throughout the United States, and can refer to numerous palatial establishments in various cities of the country, as evidences of the high and superior merit of their de signs and workmanship. In New York city, the elegant store of the Gorham Manufacturing Company, Broad way and Nineteenth Street, is a master-piece of artistic merit. In the West, the well-known store of M. S. Smith & Co., Jewellers of Detroit, which is without doubt one of, if not the finest in the world, was fitted up by this firm. They have also done nearly all the fine work of this class, in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Wash ington, Chicago, Cincinnati, Memphis, Atlanta and all the prominent points of the country,; in fact it is not too much to say that they are the distinctly representative house in this branch of artistic work on this continent. Mr. Bartlett Smith and Mr. W. B. Smith who compose the firm, are well known in mercantile circles. R. J. Roberts' Celebrated "Parabola" Needles, No. 95 West Broadway.-In the multiplied arts and employments ofinen some of the smallest and at first sight insignificant articles are of paramount importance. This is especially true of such an article as a needle. Small in its compass, fragile in its nature, but far reachinrg in its results and of incalculable benefit to all manl,ind, it is a universal necessity. Among all the needles used in this market none have given the satisfaction or gained such a reputation as the celebrated "Parabola " needle, for which Mr. R. J. Roberts is the sole agent in the United States. The "Parabola" gold burnished sharps are without doubt the best goods, ever offered to the American public, and wherever once used they are sure to be used again in preference to all others. The neat and attractive manner in which these needles are done up for safe-keeping has attracted the attention of the trade so much that they are now taking the lead everywhere. They are all tpat the firm claim them to be, namely, the best in the world. Mr. R.berts has the xclusive wholesale agency of the United States for these goods. He also handles "razor" scissors and pocket knives, and in these goods,also has, after thirty years experience in this market, built up a valuable patronage. He occupies eligible and convenient premises at No. 95 West Broadway, corner of Franklilt, where buyers can find a full supply of these goods at all times, offered at prices which will compete with anything in the market. This firm is well known to the dry goods and notion trade throughout the United Statea,and it is with particular gratification that we accord special and prominent mention to the Parabola needles in this work. 10 Theo. Pabst & Co., Importers of Foreign Glassware, Baccarat Glass a Specialty. No. 21 Murray Street.-This firm began operations about twenty years ago as importers of foreign glassware, the co-partners being Messrs. Theodore Pabst and Gabriel Fensterer. Their establishment is one of the largest and finest in the trade, and is very eligibly and centrally located at No. 21 Murray street, occupying the four stories of that building, the show rooms being spacious, and displaying a finely assorted and most complete stock of choice glassware. In the lines of globes, shades, &t.' their stock is an immense one, comprising all descriptions of lamp shades, while the styles in fine Bohemian glass are decorated in the most exquisite manner. In student, argand,duplex and gas chimneys, the stock is large covering every conceivable want of most refined communities. The house is celebrated as being the depot of the finest Baccarat glassware, the delicacy and beauty of which have insured to it increasingly large sales. Both in Baccarat and Bohemian glassware, the firm keep constantly a full and fresh stock in colored and plain styles, likewise the finest vases from the world-renowned ateliers of Hungary, and which are so much admired for their striking grace and beauty. Here also the trade can always rely on obtaining a full assortment of the purest wax candles, artistic hand-wrought ironware, &c., while the firm are the agents in America for one of the most renowned manufacturers of fancy brass goods in Europe, and which cannot be equaled for perfection of outline and high finish in detail. Messrs. Theo. Pabst & Co. have superior facilities for obtaining the earliest importations of new goods, possessing direct connections in the centres of glassware manufacture, and are directly represented in Paris by C. Christiansen, with office at No. 12 Rtu Martel. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 145 0 146 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. which was established several years ago, and has since built up a liberal and influential patronage from all parts of the United States and Europe. Mr. Longstreet, who is a highly educated and practical electrical engineer, manufactures all kinds of telegraph instruments and electrical apparatus of every description, including batteries and battery materials, line, magnet and insulated wire, fire alarms,telegraph and telephone exchange supplies, hotel and house annunciators, etc. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious, and are equipped with every necessary appliance and convenience for the accommodation and display of the splendid stock, which is unsurpassed by any contemporary house either at home or abroad, for utility, workmanship and finish. A large export trade is carried on, special attention being given by the proprietor to goods for foreign shipment, and customers can implicitly rely on all representations made by this reliable and responsible house. Mr. Longstreet is held in the highest estimation by the community for his great scientific and executive ability, and sterling integrity. Being a thorough mechanic, everything is executed under his immediate supervision, thus affording a guarantee that all work leaving his establishment shall be perfect and complete in every respect. The policy upon which this business is conducted is characterized by liberality and the careful fostering of the interests of all patrons, so that transactions once begun may be made not only pleasant for the time being, but of such a nature that they shall become permanent. Frazer Lubricator Co., 73 Murray Street-The name of " Frazer" has justly attained a world wide celebrity in connec tion with the manufacture of the famoul "Frazer Axle Grease," which has solely upon its merit come into universal consumption, and since its intro duction to the pu bli c h as nev er ha d a co mpet itor worth y of the name. It stands alone to-day, as the perfect lubricant in it s l ine, the b es t t h a t talent and capital car prl oduce, and the only one that ever maintains its origi nal hig h st andar d of excellence. Th e business, of tht manufacture of its lubricators w as begun by the Com pany about 1869, an d it has steadily developed in volume until now it has attained proportions of the greatest magnitude. The Company'sprincipalfactory is situated in Jersey City, and is the best equipped establishment of t he k in d in existence, being fully fitted up with the most improved m achi ner y a nd applian ces for the manu facture of axl e g rease, an average force of from 50 to 60 men finding steady employment. The Company's office and warehouse are eligibly loca ted at No. 73Murray street, and where a large stock of their goods is kep t constantly on hand. To meet th e requi rements of their immens e trade the offi ces of the company have established agencies in Philadelphia and Boston, while they have branch manufactories in opera tion in St. Louis and Chici go. These additional fa cilities h av e all been necessitated, one after the other, in o rder t o k eep pa ce wit h the s teadily increasing de mands of an appreciative public. In addition to the univ ersal consumption of their axle grease throughout the U ni ted States and Canada, exte nding as it does to every town, village and hamlet, the company has also developed a heavy trade in South America and other foreign countries, exporting more largely every year. The "Frazer Axle Grease" is the standard lubricator in its field to-day; it will not melt when exposed to the intense heat of a summer sun, nor freeze in winter. Hence, unlike the yellow or black, watered or imitation grease, it remains in the box in perfect condition till used. The company also manufactures a second quality, which is branded "Diamond X Axle Grease," and to parties having trade for common grease, this is recommended, being warranted fully equal to the best grease mnade, except the regular Frazer. The company'slales have rapidly increased. In 1883 they sold over 50,000 gross, besides a vast quantity in pails, kegs and barrels, while in 1884 the demand was still greater. The vice president of the Frazer Lubricator Co., Mr. Richard Brown, is a well-known and most respected business man, noted for his honorable methods and sterling integrity, and who gives his closest personal attention to the important interests of their concern, and who ably and faithfully discharges the onerous duties devolving upon them. His superior executive ability are noticeable in the companys efficient organization, and no corporation is worthy of more favorable mention in this historical review of the leading commercial interests of the metropolis of America. J. H. Longstreet, Manufacturer of Telegraph Instruments, and Electrical Apparatus, etc., ]Ko. 9 Barclay Street.-Electricity is not only one of the forces of nature, as it has been from the foundation of the world, but it is an agent that is employe4 in a thousand ways, which our fathers never dreamed of, and which are a source of wonder to the present generation. Just nlow the indications are that it will be adopted in place of steam as a motive power. The electric ligh t is rapidly coming into universal use, telephone, telegraph lines and other modes of communicating thought through the medium of electricity are being multiplied all over the face of the earth, and no one can say where this wonderful movement is going to end. In this connection the attention of our readers is directed to the popular house of Mr. JT. H. L~ongstreet, No. 9 Barclay street, McGuire & Sloane, Carpenters and Builders, No. 151 West 28th Street.-Occupying a high rank among the representative firms in this line of business is that of McGuire & Sloane, who are very large contractors and builders, and haveq their office at No. 151 West 28th street, between Sixth and Seventh avenues. They have been established upwards of thirty years, twenty-five of which they have occupied the above stand. During this time they have been engaged upon some of the finest work in the city, among which we mention the Dalhousie flats, 59th street, between Fifth and Sixth avenues, Dr. Chapin's Church of the Divine Fraternity, at 45th street and Fifth avenue, and the New York Cotton Exchange. They contract for the construction of buildings of all kinds. Messrs. Samuel K. McGuire and William Sloane compose the firm, and are among the most enterprising men of the city, and enjoy the confidence and esteem of all with whom they have business relations. They are prompt and reliable in all their transactions, and are universally regarded as being among the most useful and honorable of the business men of New York. Frank Miller & Sons, Manufacturers of Leather Preservative, Harness Oil, Improved French Blacking, Crown Dressing, Peerless Polish, Inks, etc., Nos. 349 and 351 West 26th Street.-A representative house in the manufacture of inks and dressings for harness, collar, boot and shoe manufacturers, and general use, is that of Frank Miller & Sons, which was founded in 1838, at Warsaw, N. Y., and has grown to be one ofthe most extensive in its line. They are manufacturers of leather preservative, harness oil, improved French blacking, crown dressing, peerless polish, inksand dressings. Their products have attained a standard reputation, and are sold all over the United States and throughout Europe, the firm having a branch house in London, England. Mr. Frank Miller, the founder of the house, died some years ago, and the business is conducted by his sons, Edwin A. and James L. Miller, gentlemen in every respect qualified to sustain the high e reputation of the house, and to whom great credit is due, for the present high standing that it enjoys. 146 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. -~ ~ ~ NWYR' EDN NUTIS 4 made men, active, alert, and talented, and who about eight years ago, began in a small way to manufacture these pin-tickets. Mr. Kimball has met with a continuous increase of trade, and now occupies three full lofts each 25x75 feet in dimensions at No. 6 Murray street, close to Broadway, Here he carries on the manufacture of the various styles and sizes of his self fastening pin-tickets, upon air extensive scale, employing an average of about forty hands, and annually turning out an enormous quantity of tickets,'supplying not only all the leading classes of trade in this country, but also in foreign countries as well. His trade is permanently enlarging, and the utility and convenience of these tickets, combined with the great saving of time and money, is highly appreciated by thousands of merchants and manufacturers who are now using them. They are equally adapted for dry goods, hats, caps clothing, samples, and all textile fabrics requiring size, lot, quality, or price marks. They are manufactured of any size and price to suit, and Mr. Kimball has every facility for printing any required wording or numbering upon their faces at nominal rates. Mr. Kimball, is known far and wide for his honorable methods and sterling integrity, and well merits the large measure of success which has attended his exertions. Alfred Field & Co., Importers andExporters of Hard ware and General Merchandise, Nos. 93 Chambers and 75 Reade Streets.-In presenting a reliable reflex of the representative business houses of the metropolis, the magnitude of whose operations and the prominence and unblemished character of the proprietors have con tributed greatly to the wealth and prosperity of New York, and justly entitle them to special notice in our review, the attention of our readers and the public is directed to the eminent and popular firm of Messrs. Alfred Field & Co., Nos. 93 Chambers and 75 Reade streets. This house was originally founded in 1836, at Birmingham, England, by Mr. A. Field, for the importa tion and exportation of hardware and general merchan dise, and since its inception at that date has obtained a liberal and influential patronage, necessitating the establishment of branch houses at many of the leading centres of wealth and population in the civilized world. The New York house is very spacious and commodious, and is fully stocked with all kinds of hardware, the productions of the most famous English factories, which are unsurpassed for quality and general excellence, and are offered at prices to the trade, which will favorably compare with any other contemporary first-class estab lishment. Throughout this extensive business, the greatest order and system prevail, which is at once an evidence of the ability and judicious management of the firm, while the judgment and skill displayed in the importation of the stock, indicate that the proprietors are thoroughly experienced in the trade, andacquainted with the wants of a critical class of patrons. This en terprising firm has already founded branches at Liver pool and Sheffield, England; Hamburg, Germany; Sol engen, Germany; Melbourne and Sydney, Australia; Havana, Cuba; Montreal,Canada; Halifax,Nova Scotia; and in consequence of the unrivalled character of its hardware, the trade is rapidly increasing. Mr. A. Field, the founder of this famous house,died about a year a go, after an honorable and brilliant career, and was greatly lamented by a large circle of friends and acquaintances in consequence of his generosity,inflexible integrity and great executive ability. Mr. A. H. Saxton, the res ident partner in the United States,is a gentleman noted for his honorable methods of transacting business and geniality of disposiion,andhis career has been an eminently pros perous one, promoting to a great extent the commercial interests of New York. In this particular line of tra fe in which this firm is engaged and established for so long a period, it is unnecessary for us to make use of any commendation, our readers both at home and abroad being amplyjustified in reposing the highest degree of confidence in the house and its productions. A. limbal, Manufacturer of Patent Self-Fastening Pin-Tickets, for Manufacturers of Clothing, Hats, Caps, and all Textile Fabrics, No. 6 Murray Street.The development of the size and extent of the operations of modern business houses has been one of the marked features of commercial progress of late years, and indicates the steady growth of wealth, enterprise and population. Entering one of our immense empori'ums, one Is sensible of the fact that order and a system is at the bottom of the successful working of such a fine establishment, and the first duty incumbent upon the managers is to properly assort and mark the stock. There are various ways of marking stock, but certainly there is only one right way, and that is by using Kimball's popular little patent self-fastening pin-tickets. They are a great and permanent boon to clothing manufacturers, hatters, gents' furnishing goods manufacturers, dry goods and fancy goods merchants, and in fact all who deal in textile fabrics. Mr. A. Kimball, the popular proprietor of this labor-saving, time-saving and we may add temper-aving invention, is one of our self Siebrecht & 1 ey, Florists and Nurserymen, No. 409 Fifth AveniW.-An examination of the leading industries of the great metr opolis of America, reveals the fact that there are some houses which are justly entitled to be termed representative by the prominence which they have achieved in thei r particular line of business. In the profession of florists and nurserymen, Messrs. Slebrecht & Wadley,No. 409 Fifth Avenue, have attained a leading position, having made it a fixed principle to handle only the choicest flowers, and use only those designs which are tasteful and elegant. This house was founded by the senior member, H. A. Siebrecht, in 1867, at 15th street and 6th Avenue, and eventually removed to 42d street and 5th Avenue, in 1870, thence to present location 1876, when the present firm was established. The premises occupied are very spacious and elegant, and are admirably adapted for the display and accommodation of the beautiful stock, which includes rare exotics and flowery shrubs. Their facilities are unexcelled for promptly supplying cut flowers and ornamental, designs in any quantity, for balls, parties, receptions, weddings, funerals, etc. They make a specialty of renting tropical plants, such as palms, flowering, and decorative house plants, and exercise in the arrangement of them, the most refined and cultivated taste. The nursery is situated at Rose Hill, New Rochelle, N. Y., and contains forty acres of highly cultivated land, including three acres of conservatories and greenhouses. They likewise carry on a large shipping trade from New York, flowers being expressed to regular customers in all the neighboring sections. Gardens are laid out and kept in order by the season, ornamental trees, shrubs, vines and plants are furnished to order in any quantity and variety,:and in every branch of the trade satisfactory service can be secured from this extensive and responsible establishment. To promptly meet the requirements of the numerous patrons, a large staff of skilled assistants and gardeners are regularly employed, and the resources and facilities enjoyed by this floral enterprise place it in a prominent position in the trade. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. H. A. Siebrecht and Albert Wadley, who are prompt and reliable in all their dealings. The superior quality and beauty of their tropical plants and orchids, have secured to Messrs. Siebrecht & Wadley the representative position they now hold, and have rendered their establishment a specially interesting feature of metropolitan activity and enterprise. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 147 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. and hemlock timber, shingles, laths, pickets, posts, and the accessories of the trade. The connections of this house are such that all commissions are promptly filled, and the whole stock is received direct from the forests and manufacturers, and a ll kin ds o f t imber are cut to order at the shortest possible notice. Mr. Duryee has made this business a life study,and there are few at present engaged in this trade whose active experience has been greater,or whose knowledge is more comprehensive with regard to the wants of contractors and builders, and has for many years been the principal government contractor for lumber and timber. He is well known for his many excellent qualities of mind and heart, and inflexible integrity. Mr. Duryee is a descendant of a famous Huguenot family, and arrived in this country in 1617, and is a relative of General Duryee, of U. S. Army. The policy upon which this business is carried on, is characterized by liberality and the careful fostering of the interests of all patrons, so that transactions once begun with this house may be made not only pleasant for the time being, but of such a nature that they shall become profitable and permanent. Braisted & Vonhaus, Importing Tailors, No. 220 Fifth Avenue.-A leading house engaged in this busi ness is that of Messrs. Braisted & Vonhaus, No. 220 Fifth Avenue, which was established many years ago, and since its inception the proprietors have earned an enviable reputation, which has been the direct result of the superiority, artistic style, and cut of the various garments made at this establishment. The premises occupied are elegantly furnished and equipped with every appliance and convenience for the accommodation for the splendid stock and the comfort of patrons. The assortment of broad cloths, suitings, etc., comprises the finest goods from the most famous English, French and German looms, which are imported direct, and the most critical and fastidious cannot fail to be suited at this prominent house. The facilities of the firm for the prompt fulfilment of orders are absolutely unsurpassed, and comprise a large corps of the ablest workmen, whose operations are all conducted under the personal supervision of the proprietors. All trimmings, satins and silks used in the production of the garments are made to order by the most noted foreign manufacturers. This business is patronized by the refined and wealthy #lasses of society, and the trade is annually increasing in volume. James G. Mundy, Blank Books, Writing Papers, Envelopes and Stationers' Specialties, No. 38 Reade Street.-Prominent among the representive firms in this trade is the well known and popular house of Mr. James G. Mundy, No. 38 Reade street, which was established; in the metropolis in 1881, and since its inception at that date, has attained a liberal and influential patronage from the trade, owing t6 the unsurpassed quality and, excellence of its various manufactures. The factories of the house are located at Philadelphia, and Spring field,Mass.,and are equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances, by means of which the work produced is accomplished with dispatch and in the best manner, employment being furnished to a large number of skilled and experienced operatives. The house makes a specialty of the manufacture of all kinds of blank books, ledgers, journals,day books, which in mechanical execution cannot be excelled. Mr. Mundy likewise manufactures all kinds of novelties, Christmas and new rear's goods, writing papers, envelopes and stationers' supplies, which are unsurpassed for elegance and quality by those of any other contemporary house, either in this country or Europe. Throughout the various establish menits conducted by Mr. Mundy, there pervades a sys tem of order that facilitates the transaction of business, and makes the house a pleasant one with which to es tablish trade relations. Joseph W. Duryee, Timber and Lumber, Foot of Thirty-fifth Street, East River, and No. 258 Cherry Street, (Rutger's Slip).-It is an admitted fact that the lumbering interests of the United States forms a vely important item in the general aggregate of our country's business. If statistics were needed to justify this statement, they are at hand, and though it is believed that our production is gradually decreasing, the demand appears to annually increase, notwithstanding that iron has become an important adjunct in building. l From $150,000,000 to $200,000,000 are invested in lumber interests alone in this country, and probably requires near a half million employes. From the lumberman who first plies the axe to the tree in the forest, to the carpenter that drives the last nail in the building, the most important and essential branch of the lumber trade is that of the wholesale and retail dealer of dressed timber and lumber. Though remote from whal arev rmed the luiider districts, New York City is the centre of the trade, and at no one point in the country is there a more extensive stock of dressed material, than is to be found stored in the yards of our dealers. Of the numerous firms engaged in the trade of New York, the old established house of Mr. Joseph W. Duryee, is entitled to more than passing recognition in this work, as being not only eminent in this line of business, butnoteworthy as conducting a trade of great litude, and one of the largest dealers in the count*. The rapid growth and development of the lumber business of the metropolls has been largely brought about through the agency and enterprise of houses like that of Mr. Duryee's, which have been concerned in this department of commerce from its earlier days, and have thus developed this trade and themselves contemporaneously. This house was founded in the year 1823 by the late Mr. Jacob Duryee, the father of the present proprietor. The location he at that time selected, is the same as now occupied by the son, at No. 258 Cherry street, (Rutger's Slip). For thirtytwo years Jacob Duryee did a successful business in hardwood and mahogany lumber, and in 1855 he was succeeded by his son, who greatly enlarged the field of operations covered by the house, developing it until he was the largest and best known lumber merchant in the UnitedStates. At one time his premises covered thirty full city lots, and he was worth nearly $1,000,000, a considerable amount of which was invested in real estate. When the crash of 1873 came he had an immense stock of lumber on hand, which of course seriously depreciated in value, and the bottom fell out of real estate, and these circumstances, together with the numerous failures that occured of parties who were his debtors, led to his suspension, but not until he had lost over $500,000. Though he was forced to succumb to the hard times, his honor and business integrity were untarnished, and he lost none of his old friends' respect. During the war he had heavy contracts with the Government, and he also had the contract for furnishing the mahogany for the new Post Office in this city, and also did an immense shipping trade. He has recently filled a contract for supplying 250,000 feet of lumber to the Manhattan "L" road, for general use. He has also the contract for sup plying all the lumber required by the Department of Charities and Corrections. The U. S. Government and many other very important contracts are also held by him. The fact of his having such contracts as those above named is a conclusive indication of the super iority of his facilities as compared with those of his competitors. Mr. Duryee has extensive yards at Thirty-fifth street and First avenue, (E. R.), covering 52,000 square feet of ground, and has a capacity for storing 10,000,000 feet of lumber at one time. At his branch yard, No. 258 Cherry street, covering 18,000 square feet 4,000,000 feet of lumber can be stored. Mr. Duryee handles many millions of feet of lumber yearly, embracing large quantities of pine, spruce 12 14,3 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. James Duffy, Jobber and Retailer in Imported and Henry Howard & Co., Brewers and Malsters, No. Domestic Wines and Liquors, and Fine European 518 to 532 West Thirty-Third Street.-A review of the Fancy Groceries and Condiments, Nos. 72 and 74 Beaver great mercantile and manufacturing interests of the Street.-The position that New York occupies in the metropolis would be incomplete without a mention of commercial world is a fact knownto every well-informed an old established and representative firm of brewers. gentleman, and, so far advanced are the business inter- We refer to Messrs Henry Howard & Co., proprietors ests of this city beyond those of other great centres of of the Howard Brewery, Nos. 518 to 532 West Thirtypopulation in the country, that it is not a matter of Third Street. This business was established fourteen argument. In every department of trade in the metropo- years ago, and has been at the above location ever since. lis there are houses that have sprung into prominence through the superiority of their management, and have _-.. outstripped older competitors in their line. One of the greater interests centred in New York is that of the liquor trade, and while the wholesale branch Is distinctly prominent, there are many houses in the retail trade that secured a reputation for t he fin le brand of wines, liquors, etc., and among this number none occupy a more leading position than the subject of this sketch. The large and strictly first-class establishment con- M i ducted by Mr. James Duffy, in Beaver street, was founded by him about thirteen years ago, and during intervening period he has remained located in this neighborhood. He occupies at present two floors of the large building Nos. 72 and 74 Beaver street, wherein are displayed his magnificent stock of the finest imported and domestic wines, Taec uic-vlu,g uJWLIig is uoe of the largest and best adapted in the United States. It is seven stories high, and has a frontage of 200 feet on West Thirty-Third Street. The interior arrangements are perfect. All the most improved modern machinery and appliances are at hand, and a large force of skilled workmen is constantly employed. Messrs. Henry Howard & Co. are brewers of Canada malt ales and porter, which have attained a high reputation for purity, strength and excellence of flavor, and which are sold in all the leading liquor stores of the city. An idea of the popularity of this firm's ales and porter may be inferred from the fact that one hundred and fifty thousand barrels are sold every year. Mr. Howard was born in England and came to New York about fifty years ago. He was the founder of the firm of Messrs. Flanagan, Wallace & Co., the brewers, remaining in that firm about twenty-five years, and subsequently started the business in TwentyThird street. Mr. Howard, as a brewer and also as a judge of ale, has a world-wide reputation; in fact, is known as the Bass of America, and was selected (but declined the honor ) to act as judge of ales and porter at the Centennial Exposition. He has given nearly fifty years of his life to the study of brewing ales and porters. Under his guidance and management the business of the present firm is assuming immense proportions. He is one of the best known and most popular men in the trade and is among our most substantial and public-spirited citizens. Mr. Childs, his partner, is a native of this city, and is an energetic business man of sterling personal worth and ability. W. H. Willis, Manufacturer's Agent, No. 22 Thomas Street.-Among the new houses lately commencing operations in the dry goods district, is that of Mr. W. H. Willis, who is located at No. 22 Thomas s treet, and represents the extensive carpet manufacturing firm of Samuel Bunting's Sons & Co., of Philadelphia. Mr. Willi s handles a full line of canton mattings, the celebrated and world-renowned Firth tapestries, the Firth Jute Body Brussels carpets, Smyrna, and body Brussels, and velvet rugs, and oil cloths. In fact, this gentlemnan has established connections with a number of the largest and best manufacturers in the country, by which he will be able to control their goods in the New York market, and to quote the lowest prices the market affords. Br roeadwa y Insurance Comp any, No. 15 Broadw a y. -T he Broadway Insurance Comany has been thirty-six years in business and from a small beginning, it has grown to large proportions and strength. It has a cash capital of two hundred thousand dollars, and a net suirplus of about three hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The Broadway's success is due to the careful and conr~ervative management of its officers, who are men of tried experience and ability. It is a certainty that taking out a policy in the Broadway, means security and indemnity against possible loss, which inspires such perfect confidence in the public mind, and places the company in such an enviable position of popularity and prosperity. They recognize the value of competent and trustworthy representatives, and the result is a steady increase in the number of desirable risks. The affairs of the company have been conducted by the president and secretary since its start, and the interests of policyholders have been zealously guarded by these gentlemen, while the directorship is composed of men of wealth and business experience. Mr. Hiram M. Forrester, the pre sident, is one of the well known gentlemen in financial circles. Mr. John Wray, the genial secretary, is a gentleman eminently qualified for the importanit position. A,49 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. ling of a heavy stock, necessary to be carried to meet the trade's demand. The prices quoted by this house, are such that no fear of any outside competition is feared, the same being always the lowest prices governing the market. The future of this establishment, judging from the success it has already attained at every stage of its career, bids fair to put it in the foremost rank of the chemical manufacturers of the country. The Brunswick Pharmacy, Formerly Shedden's, Broadway and Thirty-fourth Street.So much depends on the skill, care and personal character of the drug gists, in filling the prescription of the physician for ail ing humanity, that we are naturally led to be more ex acting perhaps, as to his qualifications, than in the case of any other pursuit of life. It is with peculiar satis faction then, that we recognize a man possessing, in an eminent degree, those high attainments which entitle him to our regard as a skilled pharmacist, an4 as an ornament to the profession of which he is a member. We refer to Mr. Emlen Painter, who has succee ded to the business of th e late Mr. Joh n W. Shedden, southwest corn er Broad way and 34th street, who established it in 1844, and carried it on as Shedden's Pharmacy, with great credit and success, till his death about a year ago. No more desi rable successor in conducting this well known es tabl ishment could be found, than Mr. Painter. For many years he resided in San Francisco, where he earned the highest reputation for his skill in practic al ph armacy and where his gr eat merit was rec ognized by his appoin tment to the chair of pharmacy, in the University of California. In this position his record was maintained by num erous addr esses and articles from his pen, in wh ich he displayed not only a profound acquaintance wi th every department of the profession, but showe d h im self to be the champion of honesty and thoroughness in its mercantile dealings. The form er p atron s of "Shedden's Phar macy," (which is now known as the "Brunswick Pharmacy"), may rest assured then, that the high character of the establishment w ill still be m aintained. The elegant arrange ment of t he store will continue to excite the admiration of the p ublic; t he st andard medicines will be as marked as ev( r, the drugs as pure and as numerous as before; the toilet articles of the finest quality, while the charges will be as moderate as those of any first-class store of the kind in New York. The character and qualification of Mr. Painter's assistants will be carefully looked after. The head clerk, who has been manager for the past two years, will continue to hold his responsible position in attending to customer's wants. Over all Mr. Painter will exercise a constant supervision, the chemical investigations and preparations at the laboratory being more especially under his immediate charge. Success under these circumstances is assured, and such Mr. Painter confidently expects., Mm Chaskel Chemical Works, James Chaskel, Tmporter and Manufacturer, No. 44 West Broadway and No. 82 Thomas Street.-This is another representative and promising house, located in this market and entitled to mention in the pages of the present work, in connection with the interests embraced under flavoring extracts and essential oils. The Chaskel Chemical Works became established here about eight years ago. Beginning in amodest way through energy, perseverance and ability, the same has grown to become a leading and very promising firm, a fact which bears testimony to superior management directing the interests cf the house. Both as an importer and manufacturer, Mr. Chaskel does a very important buasiness, and Handles quite a variety of goods. for the most part consisting of fine essential oils, flavoring extracts, concentrated fruit oils, vanilla and tonka beans, ethers, drugs, colors and supplies, making of these goods a very suyerior line, suitable for use by confectioners, soda water bottlers, druggists, perfumers, brewers, rectifiers, cigar and tobacco manufacturers, &c. In all these varied lines, the greatest care and discrimination are used in the selection of the materials employed, none but the purest and best materials being used. Mr. Chaskel occupies commodious and spacious premises at No. 44 West Broadway and No. 82 Thomas street, which are taxed to their utmost capacity in the storage and hand Lyrie Hall, Terhune & Robus proprietors, and Professor Dean R. Robus, Teacher of Dancing, 723 Sixth Avenue.-"Lyric Hall" has come to be a household word throughout the social circles of the great metrop olis, and deservedly so, for its facilities and advantages as a place of fashionable resort for the giving of balls, receptions and sociables are unsurpassed; while it is without question, the most centrally located hall in the city; and directly convenient of access both by the Elevated railroad, and street cars from all sections of the metropolis The Lyric Hall property is part of the old Hartshorne estate, and has a frontage of 75 feet on Sixth Avenue between 41st and 42nd streets; while its depth is 100 feet. The building is an architecturally handsome four-story structure, constructed in the most substantial manner to meet the requirements of the public; and which is internally arranged to the best advantage. About four years ago, Messrs. Terhune and Robus became the proprietors, under whose able and liberal management Lyric Hall has become increasingly popular, and is sought by our leading clubs and social organizations, on the occasion of their festivals, balls and receptions. The proprietors, Mr. S. LTerhune and Mr. Eduard J. Robus, are both very highly esteemed business men, who have permamently reta ined the confidence of the entire community, and whose superior executive abilities are demonstrated in their successful management of Lyric Hall. On the first floor is a handsome ball room 48 by 88 feet in demensions, with an ante-room adjo ining 40 by 50 feet; a supper room, 40 by 50 feet is likewise on th is floor, and directly accessible, affording every ac commod ation for the comfort and convenience of guests. The hall likewis e contains a fine private dancing room, 40 by 50 feet, and a splend id dancing hall 48 by 100 feet. Mr. E. J. Robus was born in England, and has from early boyhood been a permanent and respec te d re sident of this city. He is an influentia l member of the Knights of Honor and Royal Arcanum. His partner, Mr. Terhune B i a native o f New York and has been a p ermanent resident of the metropo lis, widely known and universally respected. An equally important and pleasing feature of Lyr ic Hall is P rof. D ean R. Robus' dancing academy. Prof. Robus is ason of the proprietor of the h all, and is recognized as one of th e most graceful and accomplishe d mas ters of ar o an i the art of da ncing that is to be found in New York. He has de veloped a large attendance upon his classes, including the children of many of our leading citizens, while his classes for ladies and gentl emen, on Monday and Thursday evenings, are very largely attended by fashionable society. - Private lessons are given any hour, while the terms are unusually reasonable, considering the very superior advantages offered. Prof. Robus is generally recognized as bringing on his classes the most rapidly of any instructor, and he gives such conscientious care to individual instruction, that in one season every onebecomes a perfect and polished dancer of the most difimcult steps. The professor refers to many of our leading families, among others those of Mesdames Henry Sayles, Bebus, J. B. Peet, Lillard, Norman, Fuller, Hammond, Merritt, J. Vogel, King, &c., &c. Personally he is very popular throughout the community, and is a valued member of Shepherd Council No. 1104, American Legion of Honor. 150 0 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES, Fils',ie, Bisseil & Co., Coal, General Offices, Wash nent patronage. Mr. Morrow supplies in large quan frent patronage. Mr. Morrow supplies In:larg- qualntities roofing slates of every description, embaoing Bangor and Keystone, Chapman, Pennsylvania. black slate, Vermont red, purple and green, and Maiae and Peach Bottom. A specialty is made of quoting the prices of slate on cars, at any railroad station in the Unlted States, thereby gfving contracts and bufiders at far of' points the exact prices demanded. Mr. Morrow deals likewise extensively in all kinds of galvanized work for roofing; also ornamental stamping and castings, and enjoys unsurpassed facilities in this particular line, and can give satisfactory prices in all branches of work, and has furnished his productions for very many of the buildings erected in the metropolis and its vicinity during the last ten years. Mr. Morrow is a gentleman of the greatest experienceand ability, and devotes himself entirely to the management of the business, and gives careful attention to its most minute details. Thhe marchal; Smith Piano and Organ Company, No. 453 West 36th Street.-In this historical review of the great mercantile and manufacturing interests of the metropolis, the piano trade holds an important place. New York has always been the great national centre of this most thriving industry. The great advancement made of late years in musical culture, has rendered the task of the piano manufacturer one demanding no ordinary skill and enterprise. As in every other branch of industry, competition in this has grown to be of the keenest, and the growth of capable players and critics has advanced with the appearance of superior instruments. As a consequence many piano manufacturers of reputable standing for some years have been pushed out of existence, through inability to meet the exacting demand of the times. There is no risk therefore in hazarding the opinion that any firm which has stood the strain of the last twenty-five years' marvellous improvements in musical culture, and the construction of musical instruments, and whose merits are still unchallenged, has every reason to be proud of the ordeal through which it has passed and to be highly sanguine as to its career in the future. Such has been the fortunate lot of the Marchal and Smith Piano and Organ Company, whose products are to-day in the full light of advanced musical intelligence, rated among the very best example of American inventive geniis and mechanical skill. In the manufacture of pit ADS this company is unexcelled. Chief among the pjnts Qf superiority of their instruments, are their great strength, durability and beauty, coupled with a peculiar musical quality and richness entirel-, their own. Their upright pianos are unsurpassed for beauty and originality of design, superiority of work manship and finish.. Their many noble qualities make them favorites everywhere. Compact and handsome, they occupy but small space, and are adapted to adorn the boudoir, or to ornament the parlor. The company manufacture reed organs for church, clpel and parlor use. These instruments combine all the most modern improvements, and have attained a standard reputation, and given perfect satisfaction wherever used. The products of the Marchal and Smith Piano and Organ Company are well known all over the United States. The business was founded in 1859, and has always enjoyed a prosperous career. A large stock is carried at their establishment, No. 453 West 36th Street. Mr. Robert W. Smith, the Presidentof the company, was born in this city, and is well known to the trade as an honorable, straight-forward business man, prompt and reliable in all transactions. Mr. Geo. L. rHammedieu, the Secretary, is an energetic and talented E gentleman, very popular in the highest social circles. m Under their judicious management the affairs of the f company are prospering, and their instruments attai~ -ing a workd.wide celebrity. F'risble, BRsseIl a Co., Coal, General Offices, Wash ington Building, No. 1 Broadway; Sole Agents for Shena vgo and Alleg heny R ail roa d Co al.-One of the most active and enterprising of the leading firms engaged in the wholesale c oal trade of the metropolis, is that of Messrs. Frisbie, Bissell & Co., of No. 1 Broadway. The co-partners, Mr. George R. Blanchard, Eaton N. Frfsbfe and Mr. Rush W. Bissell, are all widely known and universally respected throughout the representative financial and business circles of the country at large. 31r. Frtsbie was the general coal agent for the N. Y. L. E. & W. R. R., while Mr. Blanchard was vice president of the road. They bring a wide range of practical expericnce to bear, derived from their intimate identtmicatlon wNith the wholesale coal trade for many years past. The present co-partnership was formed on the 1st of -Jnuary, 1885, the firm entering into business under the m,ost favorable auspices, and with an assured trade, representing many large dealers in New York, Brooklyn and the East; also manufacturing corporations and extensive private consumers. The firm's facilities are unsurpassed, and they are prepared to promptly ship direct in cargo lots, the choicest brands of anthracite and bituminous coal. Their handsome offices are directly central to all the other leading houses in the trade, while they, individually, devote that close, personal attention to the filling of all orders, that affords their customers every guarantee of prompt and reliable delivery. The firm have just started a branch house in Buffalo, N. Y., in charge of Mr. M. M. Merrill, who is prepared to furnish estimates and quote prices to the satisfaction of patrons. Those placing their orders with this branch, may be assured of receiving as liberal and honest treatment as if they dealt with the New York office. and Mr. Anton Metz, assistant secretary, all gentlemen Cashin banks.................................................. $36,991 27 United States stock......................1.................. 152,431 25 Real Estate..................................................... 450,000 00 Subscription notes, bills receivable and un collected premi lums.................................... 229,053 74 Accrued interest, insurance scrip and claims due the company......................................... 84,914 42 Total amount of assets............................ $953,390 68 The Orient has agents all through the United States and abroad, and has gained a most favorable reputation for the promptitude which it has sltown in the payment of claims. Its office at No. 41 Wall street, where it has been located for the past six years, is one of the most handsomely fitted up down, town. They are on a style with the first-class nature of the company, which ranks with the most solid and progressive insurance companies in the United States. J. Morrow, Dealer In Slate and Metal Roofing, Galvanized Iron Work, Ornamental Stamping and Castings, No. 225 West 50th Street.-The slate and metal roofing establishment of Mr. J. Morrow was founded by the present pioprietor in 1874, and s!nce its inception has always enjoyed a li,,;e,'al and perma 151 I 152 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. TIrrill's Equalizing Gas Machine, 0. Tirrill, Pro- in the land, as fixed as steam-engines or iL~g prietor, Salesrooms, No.39 Dey Street, New York Mann- machines. They fill a great public want. It is cornfactory, No. 14 Commerical Street, Newark, New Jersey. puted that over twenty thousand of the various kinds -This is a progressive age, and, through man's ingeun- are now in actual use. An "Air" or "Gasoline" Gasity, we are blessed with many comforts and conveniences Machine is therefore no longer in its experimental that were denied those of even a few years ago. One of stage. It is the cheapest and best way of lighting any the great improvements of the present day is the Tir- buildings which are beyond the limits of coal-gas, and rill's Equalizing Gas Machine, which is itself a repre- it would surprise many people to know what a persentative of the patentee's ad~aneed ideas on the sub- centage of gas-machine business is done in cutting of Ject. This business was started in 1862 in Boston, by its coal-gas, and substituting therefor air-gas, not more present proprietor, Mr. Oakes Tirrill, be at that time by rea~on of its comparative cheapness, than because manufacturing what was known as "Tirrill's Union the air%as is preferred to coal gas. Before long every Gas Machine." The machine in form was still a matter building of any pretention out-side of gas limits will be of improvement and study and in 1869, he introduced piped for a gas-machine. It will be only a question as new features, and it became known as "Tirrill's Un- to which is the best. Even with an ordinary gasderground Gas Machine." More advanced ideas pre- machine, involving the compulsory use of adjustable vailed as to its possibilities, and by numerous i1~1prove- or argand burners, added to the liability of smoke, ments over the previous one, the patentee in 1875, pro- nobody ever discards the use of a decent one, and re duced the "Tirrill's Meter Gas Machine" and in 1883, as turns to~the use of kerosene lamps. In fact, the way the result of twenty years of application and experience Equalizing Gas Machine." It is not to be denied that he introduced to the public, the present "Tirrill's Air Gas Machines have at last become an "institution" Equalizing Gas Machine," which represents in its con- to elicit a hearty compliment to any gas-machine struction, all the acceptable features of previous worthy of the name, is to have it stop just one night in machines, with those that later years have suggested. a year. It may therefore be truly said, that (for the This gas machine is the final outcome of over twenty last few years at all events) the air gas-machine has years of persistent experiment, to develop a very been a success. But every year people grow more simple idea into a thoroughly practical useful ap- critical, more fastidious, and more exacting in paratus, free from a suspicion of danger, an element their domestic arrangements. What was a luxof unreliability, or an objectionable feature. The great ul'y only a few years ago, has now become a cornidea that Mr. Tirrill was desirous of reaching in his mon-place comfort. Not only every elegant countryexperinients was to secure milform gas. All his three seat must be lighted with gas, but even mans1ons of previous machines produced an abundance of gas, but the most moderate pretensions begin to demano what they lacked that important requisite, uniformity. This has become so common. The detail of the construction last feature is now incorporated in and on "Tirrill's of the Equalizing Gas Machine, would doubtless prove NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 153 of interest to our readers, but our space does not permit the liberality. That it is a triumphant success is assured and though it only completed since 1883, it is rapidly superceding all others. It has received the approbation of all great critics, and was specially examined and tested by the New York Board of Underwriters, and by them approved as being absolutely free from danger under all circmnstances. In offering this machine to the public, the manufacturers claim that it is absolutely safe; it makes a uniform standard gas; it uses plain bat-wing burners; it does not smoke a particle; It can be wound up with the lights burning; it is entirely reliable summer and winter; it is equally well adapted for thousands of lights as for the smallest dwellings; it is thoroughly made by days' work, and intended for life-time service; it has no vault, or stonework, or brick-work; it is guaranteed to perform exactly as represented. They still continue to manufacture, "The Underground Gas Machine," and "The Meter Gas Machine." Each of them was the best in its day, and they are still excellent machines. Subsequent inventions alone have reduced their relative rank. We feel warranted in saying that those desirous of 'ecuiing a gas machine for the purpose of lighting dwelling, store or factory, will find upon examination, that this "Equalizing Gas Machine" will give better satisfaction in all cases, than any other in the market. It is in practical use in thousands of cases, and can be seen by any one desirous of inspecting them. The extensive works are located at Newark, N.J., and the office and salesroom, at No. 39 Dey Street, New York. Catalogues, fully explaining the machines, will be cheerfully furnished upon application. New York Compressng Company, M. S. Thompson, Manager, No. 59 Murray Street.-This company began operations in June, 1884, with headquarters at No. 59 Murray street, where operations are actively cairied on, under the able and energetic supervision of Mr. M. S. Thompson, the company's popular manager. The establishment contains a complete outfit of the most improved and powerful hydraulic presses, and some idea of the scope of the company's facilities may be gathered, when we state that articles are readily compressed here, which require all the way from 50 to 1,000 tons hydraulic pressure. The most difficult work is a prominent specialty of this concern, and Mr. Thompson guarantees prompt and satisfactory filling of all orders. Dies of every description are furnished according to specification, and every branch of the business is conducted in the most skillful and practical manner. The company carries considerable stock of various compressed staple goods on hand, such as compressed alum, camphor, &c., &c., and has developed business relations which extend all over the country. An agency has been established at Chicago, Ill., where western orders are filled, and the company is also represented throughout the country by its own trav elling agents. The company ably fills the important and widening field of enterprise, upon which it has entered under such favorable auspices, and in its manager, Mr. Thompson, is a talented and thoroughgoing business man. tive judgment, as to the selection of textures, styles, tints and ornamentation, and a wide measure of enterprise, it is worthy of re feren ce in the pages of th is historical review. A house which has given evidence of its superior qualifications, as above mentioned, is that of Messrs Brown & Sanson, who a re acti vely conducting a business originall y founded by Mr. G. F. Brown, in 1877. In 1880 he formed the exis ting co-par tners hip w ith Mr. T. J. Sanson, both g entl emen bringing pracrcal experience to bear, with an intimate knowledge of t he wants of t he best classes of the trade. The ir extensive premises are centrally located, where they have a fine office, and showroom and large factory. The f ir m h as superior connections affordingthemevery facility for the direct importation of the c hoicest makes of foreign note and writing papers, &c., while here the ir factory is thoroughly equipped for the manufacture of all the fashionable papers, envelopes, cards, &c, both as to shades, shapes and decora tions. The trade of the house has been developed to proportions of great magnitude, and they employ from sixty to seventy hands turning out large quantities of fine box and weddi ng stationery. To meet the requirements of the numerous patrons, the firm have four sale sme n on the road, and manifest in every d epartment of their model concer n a de gree of energy and enterprise of the most creditable character. Eagle Wire Works.-E. Ratty, Nos. 46, 48 and 50 West 30th Street.-Among the many industries of the metropolis is that of wire making. Prominent among the leading establishments in this line is the Eagle Wire Works, Nos. 46, 48 and 50 West 30th Street, of which Mr. E. Rattey is proprietor. This business was established twenty-four years ago, and has been located at the above address about fifteen years. The premises occupied are spacious and substantially constructed. The interior arrangements are perfect and afford every facility for conducting an extensive business. New and improved machinery and appliances are at hand and a large force of skilled workmen are employed. Plain and ornamental wire work of every description is manufactured in a superior manner. Only the very best material is used and nothing but perfect work is turned out. Mr. Rattey possesses a thorough knowledge of the business in every detail, and is the patentee of wiring dashboard for Russian sleighs. By energetlc work and sound commercial methods he has built up a large and prosperous trade. He has always maintained an excellent reputation for honorable dealing, and ts classed among the most substantial men in his line. John Robinson & Co., Manufacturer of Corks and Bungs, and Importers of Corks; Dealers in Brewers' and Bottlers' Supplies, No. 45 Murray Street.-This business was founded by the present firm in 1874, and has never had a change to date, permanency characterizing the relations of the co-partners as well as the trade of the house. They occupy the entire seven-story building, No. 45 Murray street, with 30 feet frontage and a depth of 90 feet, the offices and salesroom being upon the first floor. Mr. Robinson is the most experienced manufacturer in this line in New York, and has an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade. The firm employs the large force of (on an average) 150 hands in the manufacture of all descriptions of corks and bungs. The firm is its own direct importer of the choicest qualities of Spanish corkwood, thus ensuring its patrons the real manufactured article. As a supplement to their facilities offered in the line of a complete assortment of corks and bungs, they likewise deal in brewers' and bottlers' supplies of every description. The Airm's Boston house is finely located at No. 83 Union street, in that city, anid contains an assortment similar to that in New York, covering the best class of trade in its lUne throughout that city and New England generally. Brown & Sanson, Imp orters and Manufacturers of Fine Papers, Envelopes, Cards and Wedding Stationel y, No. 29 Murray Street.-One of the most active and enterprising houses engaged in the importation and manufacture of fine papers, envelopes, cards and wedding stationery, is that of Messrs. Brown & Sanson, of No. 29 Murray Street. That this is a branch of the stationery trade requiring the highest order of talent and superior good taste is so apparent, that further discussion upon this point is unnecessary, when, however, these essential qualifications are combined with trained and conserva 153 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Stirn & Lyon, Importers and Manufacturers of Toys, China and Bohemian Glass Fancy Goods, Stationers and Druggist Fan cy Goods, Fire Works, Flags, &c, Nos. 16,18 and 20 Park Plaoe.-The busin ess here conducted was founded by the present proprietors some ten years ago, and during the intervening period has been devel oped in a manner reflecting the greatest credit upon tlhe co-partners, Messrs. C. P. Stirn and A. M. Lyon, gen tlemen of practical experience coupled quick appre ciation of the wants of the trade. The firm occupies the entire five-story building, (with cellar and sub-cellar) Nos. 16, 18 and 20 Park Plase, being 75 x 75 feet in dimensions. Here can be found what is without doubt, the most complete and freshly assorted stock of toys in New York, also everything in the line of China'and Bohemian glass, fancy goods, dolls, games, holiday goods, stationers, and druggists, fancy goods and novelties, fireworks, flags, Fourth of July goods, &c. As importers in the above lines, the members of the firm have from the commencement of their career, spared no pains or expense, to retain the lead in securing the earliest and fullest assortments of European goods, that reach our markets, and to this end have established branch houses respectively at No. 7 Artillerie Strasse, Cassel, Germany, and No. 34 Rue Richer, Paris, France. From these as central points, their buyers secure all novelties and choice productions in toys and fancy goods, shipping promptly, and the trade here derives a very appreciable benefit thereby. Mr. Stirn makes annual trips to Europe, buying goods and selecting novelties. Their h.andsome office and showroom is on the main fi:,or, where is displayed a magnificient assortment of all the leading features in theirline. Thefirstfloor isdevotedto the displayandstorage of stationers, anddr uggists, fancy goods and novelties, fireworks, &c. Upon the second floor is the doll department, where the fullest and beat assortment of all descriptions of dolls can be selected from. Here also are games, toy books, blocks, &c. On the third floor is the China and Bohemian glass department, unapproachable elsewhere, in its profusion of elegant and artistic novelties in glass fancy goods. Upon this floor likewise are India rubber and wooden toys in vast variety. On the fourth floor are toys of various kinds, toy trunks, toy swords and guns. Upon the fifth floor are Bohemian glass ware, masks, &c., &c. The firm are also extensive manufacturers of various lines of goods upon their own account employing a number of hands. P. B. Keating, Importing Tailor, No. 252 Fifth Avenue, one door above 28th Street.-Well-fltting gar ments in these modern days have become more than ever a necessity, and we are conferring a benefit on our readers in pointing out an establishment where these articles are to be obtained in perfection. A leading house engaged in business as an importing tailor, is that of Mr. P. E. Keating, No. 252 Fifth Avenue. This enter prise was established in 1867, by Messrs. Dewey & Keat ing, at No. 735 Broadway, and was continued by- them with great success till 1884, when on the death of Mr. Dewey, the business was removed to its present eligible location. The premises occupied are elegantly fur nished and equipped with every appliance and conveni ence for the accommodation of the splendid stock and the comfort of patrons. The assortment of broadeloths, suitings, cassimeres, etc., comprise the finest goods from the most celebrated English looms, which are imported direct, and the most fastidious and critical cannot fail to be suited at this prominent and popular establish ment. To those who require a high grade of custom clothing, this house commends itself as one that may be implicity relied on to furnish such garments, as shall appear superior in every respect. Mr. Keating is a thoroughly practical and experienced cutter, and ranks among the foremost artists in the profession in the metropolis. The garments made in this establishment are absolutely unsurpassed for style, finish and work manship, and are equal, if not superior to the finest articdeles produced in the leading concerns of Paris and London. Mr. Keating is greatly respected by the com munity for his many sterling qualities and strict integ rity, and justly merits the success attained by his energy, ability and perseverance. The Harden Hand Grenade F ire xtinquisher CompaDy, of Chicago, Main Office and Factory, No. 205 Wabash Avenue, Chicago; New York office, No. 84 West Broadway.-Numerous inventions and devices have been brought before the public in the last few years for the purpose of extinguishing fires at the outset, but none have obtained such an enviable reputa tion for efficiency and certainty, as the grenades manufactured by the Harden Fire Extinguisher Company, whose nain offices and factory are located at No. 205 WabashAenue, Chicago. The Harden HandGrenade Fire Extinguisher, thoughonlyrecentlyintroduced, has alreadyachieved a national reputation, and takes a leading position at the head of all kinds of fire protection apparatus. The Harden hand grenade consists of a glass globe, hermetically sealed, filled with a chemical fluid, which does not deteriorate with age, is not affected by any climate, will resist a temperature of twenty de grees below zero, and is perfectly harmless to fabrics and human beings. The contents of these grenades when thrown into or upon fire vaporize immediately, into immense volumes of fire extinguishing gas, in which combustion cannot possibly exist; their effectiveness and operation being simply wonderful. The New York offices are located at No. 84 West Broadway, and the following gentlemen are the officers of tlhe company, viz: President, R. P. Pattison; Secretary and General Manager, Chas. H. Boyce; New York Manager, H. L. Doolittle. In the extinction of incipient fires. these grenades are superior to water, even Itf the latter could be instantaneously applied, as they do not damage anyI articles. The gases generated have neither acid nor alkaline reaction, and are quite harmless to life and materials. Having thus briefly sketched the unrivalled qualities of the Harden hand grenade, it only l('mains to be added, that the business of the company is conducted upon principles of strict commercial probity, and relations once entered into with it are certain to become, not only pleasant for the time being bnlt profitable and permanent. 154 America Baking Powder Co., 58 Vesey Street, Among the many industries of the metropolis is the manufacture and sale of baking powder for domestic use. A leading establishment in this line Is that of the America Baking Powder Co., No. 58 Vesey street. This business was established about six years ago, and its product has rapidly won its way into popular favor. They are manufacturers of the America Baking -Powder,.which is composed of an acid phosphate, ammonia and natrona soda, and adds to a white flour the phosphates lost in milling. It has been found by years of practical tests to be an excellent aid to digestion, and is highly endorsed by the leading chemical authorities as an articie entirely free from any deleterious substances, and recommended for its purity and digestive qualities. Among the many representative establishments, who are extensive consumers of this baking powder are, the Fifth Avenue Hotel, Astor House, New York Hospital, Bloomingdale Asylum, St. Mary's Asylum, Jersey City, and many others. The business of the company extends all over the United States. They have seven men on the road, and control a very large trade. The powder is, put up in a neat convenient and salable shape and is rapidly superseding other and inferior brands, which for years have been palmed off on an unsuspecting public. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Alle C.MauatrrofteMtooiaFieadgrwuniwefnittdaenongavr and grown until we find it to-day enjoying a very prominent position among our boot and shoe industries. This concern makes a special feature of women's, misses', children's, boys' and youth's goods, mostly belonging to a medium grade, which are held in popular favor in the trade. The business extends all over the United States, both East and West, and is especially large in the West. In their methods of trading, this establishment is characterized by their thorough modern methods, and are prompt, energetic and always reliable. They keep on the road several competent and excellent salesmen and a large and constantly increasing trade is enjoyed. They occupy entensive floors at Nos. 129 Duane street and 54 Thomas street, each 25x185 feet, which are filled to repletion with a heavy and diversified stock of their goods. The factory is located at Nos. 226 to 236 Hamilton street, Albany, N. Y., and is one of the largest and most complete of its ceharacter in this section of the country, giving employment to upwards of eight hundred skilled hands. The officers of this company are G. D. Pitkin, Presi - dent; W. H. Pitkin, Vice President; F. E. Pitkin, Treasurer and Secretary. These gentlemen are well known in this market, and enjoy not only a large and liberal patronage, but the confidence of the trade and the respect and esteem of all who know them. Allen & C o., M a nufactur ers of the Metropolitan Fi re Escape, Nos. 140 and 142 East Forty-first Street.-Among the m any industries which receive a ttention in this rev i ew of the great mercantile and manufacturing i nt erests of the metropolis, there is none more important than the manufacture of fire escapes. The most simple and best fire esc ape manufactu red i s that made by Messrs. Allen & Co., which is known as the Metropolitan (Hofele' s pat ent, 1884). It consis ts of a ladder and folding b al c onies, (each balcony capable of sustanining a to n w eight), is strong an d s impl e in c onstruction, and is made from the very best iron. The escae when not in use, folds closely agains t the w all of a b uilding, projecting only about four inc hes and i s s ecurely held out of the way. When put to use, the escape drops outwardly eigh t f e et from the building, down into po sition to the ground in three seconds. The ladder is connected by the balconies with each story of the building, thus affording a quick, ea sy and safe mean s of descent. The escape is high ly recomm ended by fire depar tment authoriti es, bui lding inspectors, architects and underwriters. Its cost is less than any other in use, and is meeting wi th grea t f av or in thi s an d o ther cities. The present firm was established about a year ago. Both Mr. Allen and Mr. Hofele are gentlemen of practical experience in thi s line. Mr. F. W. Hsofele, t he patentee of t he escape, is one of the most prominent members of liew York's military circles, an d as a marksman has a reputatio n that extends be yond the lim its of his c oun try. It is believed that he was one of the youngest soldiers in the war of the r ebellion, he having been a member of the Forty-si thh N ew Yo rk F oster reemont R ifles, and serving three years in activ e service. Befor e he was fifteen years of age, he had participated in sixteen b attles, and i n other respects, distinguished himself as a b rave and fear les s yout t th. At the battle of James Island, S. C., his f a the r was kille d by his side, a sad inc ident that l ed to his re tiring from the army, he being the only son, his mother claimed him ad being und er a ge he was obliged to submit, thus cutting short his career, that mi ght possibly have resulted in his securing a rapid promotion. At the p r es ent time he is a member of the Eighth Regiment, N. Y. N. G., in which he is one of the most popular comrades, he holding a commission aslieutenant of Company I. In t he f ir e in 1878, that destroyed the Eighth Regiment armory, he saved the col ors fro m the flames, at no little cost of courage and nerve. As a marksman, Mr. Hofele is known by all w ho ar e int eres ted in the skillful use of firearms, and has the reputation of being the best shot in his regiment. As a specimen of his skill with a rifle, it may be stated that he shot an apple off a man's head six times in succession, on a seventy-five feet range, in the Bowery theatre, with a Creedmore rifle, 110 grains of powder, 70 grains of lead, and six pounds pull trigger. This is remarkable from the fact that it is the only record of the kind known. He was also judge, together with Sir Henry Foster, at the contest at Creedmore, in 1874, and decided in favor of the American Team. Mr. Hofele was manager of the Bowery Theatre during 1878-79, and is prominently known in theatrical circles. He is at present a member of Dahlgren Post, 113 G. A. R. He is a genial, enter prising business man, and is destined to make a fortune out of his excellent fire escape.. E~st New York Boot, Shoe and Leather Manu lieturtng Company~ N~o. 129 Duane Street and No. 54 Thomas Street. —Among the large and reputable manu facturing concerns in this market, engaged in the pro duction of boots and shoes, is the firm doing business under the name and style of the East New York Boot, #hoe and Leather Manufacturing Company. The history of this prosperous establishment dates back as far as the year 1858, when it became known in this market, and from a moderate beginning it has steadily increased Van Derveer & Holmes Biscuit 4o., Sole Manufacturer of IE-Crackers, Nos. 54, 56 and 58 Vesey Street.One of the greatest revolutions effected in the methods of any trade in the last quarter of a century, is certainly that which has taken place in the manufacture of cracker s, and other kinds of plain and fan cy biscuit s. This grea t change has been brought about by the introduction of machinery and improved methods, by means of which large houses have obtained control of the business to the exclusion of minor rivals, great numbers of these being bakeries only in name, being supplied daily with all their goods by the larger concerns. Among those who have adopted progressive methods in the Manufacture of crackers and fancy buscuits, is the well known and popular Van Derveer & Holmes Biscuit Co., which was organized in 1876, and since its inception at that date has obtained a liberal patronage. The officers of the company are, President, J. R. Van Derveer; Vice-President, B. B. Van Derveer. The factory and salesrooms are located at Nos. 54 to 58 Vesey street, and the works are equipped with all the latest improved machinery, ovens and appliances, necessary for the business, employment being given to a large number of skilled operatives. For superior fin ish, quality of material-and general excellence these goods received the medal of excellence and diploma at the American Institute Fair, 1877, 1878, 1879 and again in 1880, for continued superiority, and were awarded the first silver medal at Charleston, S. C., Exhibition, Decem ber 13th. 1879, and diploma for unsurpassed quality De cember, 1880. The variety of goods produced by this com pany seems almost intermenable, and being the principal biscuit manufactory in the United States, it has origin ated the popular new styles now in general demand, and still continues the introduction of desirable novel ties in rapid succession and in advance of all competitors. In the manufacture of its biscuits the Van Derveer & Holmes Biscuit Co., use the very best materials, em ploy experienced workmen only, and with highly im proved machinery is enabled to produce a class of fine goods which for quality, flavor and finish cannot be sur passed in this country or Europe. Having thus briefly sketched the facilities of this house, it only remains to be added that its business is conducted upon principles of strict commercial integrity, and relations once entered into with it are certain to become, not only pleasant, blit profitable and permanent. 155 I 156 NEW YORKS LEADING INDUSTRIES. New York's most active and enterprising business men, and who bring vast practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade. They have ever retained the confidence and esteem of the entire community, and stand in the front rank of the New York paper trade. The company's mills are large and substantial structures, eligibly located as re gards conveniences, and transportation facilities, and which are fitted up with the best of modern machinery and appliances, giving employment to an average force of fifty hands, in the production of a general line of white and colored tissues, white, buff, and yellow copying paper, manifold and grass bleached silver tissues. Making a specialty of this branch of the industry, the officers of the company have brought the manufacture of tissue papers to the highest stage of perfection, embodying exclusive methods and improvements, so that to-day their products are recognized standards in the market, and are meeting with a constantly increasing demand. L. C. Harrison, Successor to Wm. M. Wilson, Manu facturer of Church, Chapel and Parlor Organs, Nos. 260 and 262 West 28th Street.-Among the many industries of the metropolis is the manufacture of pipe organs. Prominent among the leading establishments in this line is that of Mr L. C. Harrison, successor to Wm. M. Wilson, whose extensive factory is located at Nos, 260 and 262 West 28th street, near Eighth Avenue. He has been established since 1878. The business now conducted by Mr. Harrison was formally carried on by Messrs. Henry Erben & Co., for whom he was manager and su perintendent for several years. The factory is large and equipped with all the most Improved machinery and appliances. Mr. Harrison is one of the best known builders of pipe organs in the country. The instruments made by him possess a pure, sweet and sympathetic tone, and are made in the best manner of high grade, well seasoned material. In artistic design, they are beautiful and graceful,are perfectly constructed and unsurpassed in tone qualities, and replete with all the modern improvements, known to makers of pipe organs. These instruments are made of different sizes and styles for church, chapel and parlor use,:and are sold at such prices that they are within the reach of all. It has always been the aim of Mr. Harrison to construct a strictly first-class organ at a moderate price, and that he has been successful is amply demonstrated by the great number he has manufactured. He is well known to the trade and is highly esteemed as an honorable, energetic business man. James P. Smith, Importer of Table Luxuries and Fancy Groceries, Nos. 45and 47 Park Place.-In no way can the growth and general prosperity of a country be determined so well as by the progress made by the leading business houses therein, such always standing as general indices to the country's condition. Among such busin ess bar ometers, all importing houses should r ank in the midst of the first. One of the many New York hous es whos e history is well worthy of occuWpying a page in this w ork of useful information, and who e njoy a rep utati on so widespre ad, as to have become as familiar as household words, is that of Mr. James P. Smith, innporter of table delicacies and fancy groceries, of No s. 45 an d 47 Park P lace. This business was founded as far back as 1831, by Hyacinth Yvelin, on Fulton Street. Th is gentleman, d uring his activ e ca ree, exerted an extensiv e influence on the business community, and laid the found ation of t he pr esen t exte nsive an d pros perous trade. The first change in the style of the firm was made in 1848, w he n it became H. Yvelin & Son, followed in 1858 by G. G. Yvelin. In 1868 the m em ber of the present firm w as admittedas a partner. forming th e fir m of G. G. Yveli n & Smith, which on tinued until the succession of S mith & Vanderbeek, in 1872. On Januaryh, 28th, 1885, owi ng to th e ill-health of Mr. Vanderbeek, and his desire to retire to private life, the firm was d issolved, Mr. James P. Smith succeeding t o the entire business. In 1872 the busin ess was also trans f er red from the old stand on Fulton Street to its present commodious quarters. This is a double building, seven floors, five stories in height, and is fully occupied. The s econd floo r is in general use as office, salesroom and receiv ing department, t he remai nder of the build ing b eing used to sto re th e i mmense stock. They are the American r epres entat ives of some of the best known European ho uses, an d tr ansact a business extending over the en tire country. Among the well-known houses represented by Mr. Smith, is James Epps & Co., Nelson Dale & Co., Day & Martin, a house of two hundred years c ontinu ous existence, J. & J. Colman, T. P. Griffin & Co., an d man y other s ofe qual prominence, a fact alo ne that establish es, wi t ho ut the possibility of a doubt, the exalted position that this eminent concern oc cupi es amo ng the representatve bu si ness men of this and &the r countries. A bra n ch h ouse is located at No. 49 Lake street, Chicago, and an other at No. 14 R u e D'Antin, Paris, France. The extensive grow th of the business of this house, the large amount of c apital i nvested, the, vast aggregate of business annually transacted, the extensive territory over which the trade extends, the business sta ndin g an d persona; char acter of the head, unquestionably place it among the leading houses in its lifes in New York. Mr. Sm ith is a native of New York, and is interested in t he progress a nd prosperity of his native city. He is a prompt and reliable business man, strictly honorable in all his transactions, and able to offer and guarantee his customers advantages the equal of any similar house on the Western continent. Diamo nd Mil ls Pape r C o., Manufactureriof W h i te a Core T s, te ff nd Colored Tissues, White, Buff and Yellow Copying Paper, Manifold, and Grass Bleached Silver Tissues; Warehouse, No. 44 Murray Street.-Prominent among the representative concerns that have contributed so largely to the development of this industry is the Diamond Mills Paper Company, of No. 44 Murray street, and which owns and operates large mills located respectively at Milburn, N. J., and Hampton, N. Y. The business was established some fifteen years ago, and has been developed in a manner that reflects the greatest credit upon its promoters and the executive offiers of the corporation. The president of the Diamond Mills Paper Company, Mr. C. T. Reynolds, and the se-cretary. Mr. George W. Thompson, rank among Hastings & Hahn, Manufacturers of Flint, Green and Amber Glassware, Fruit Jars, Demijohns, Stone ware, Jugs, &c., No. 55 Murray Street-Both the co partners in the above firm are practical and exper ienced, and have an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade, and which they have demonstrated their full ability to meet in a manner unsurpassed, throughout the community. The present firm began operations in 1877, as manufactuers of flint, green and amber glassware, including such staples as fruit jars, demijohns, stoneware, jugs of all descriptions, &c., &c. Their goods rapidly gained the favorable attention of the trade, and have ever been maintained at the highest standard of excellence. The firm's manufactory in New Jersey, is fitted up with the most approved furnaces, machinery and appliances. The best selected materials only are allowed to enter into their qualities of glass, and an average of seventyfive skilledhands, find employment in the various de partments of their works. Their large and eligibly located warehouse, in Murray street, contains a fuUl assortment of all grades of glass and stoneware. 156 NEW YORK'S LEA.DING INDUSTRIES. NEW~ YOK' LEDN NUTIS5 Richard Heckscher, Jr., Coal by the Cargo, ImpoL- water; and that the accident occurs upon a sudden reters of East Ince Hall English Cannel Coal, No. 111 duction of pressure followed by a sudden check to the Broadvwy and No. 435 East 23rd Street. Wharves: foot exploding water, the result of which is a striking blow of Rivington Street and foot of 23rd Street, E. R.-The far in excess of the tensile strength of boilers. FollowNew York coal trade, covering as it does one of the ing up this wonderful and unique discovery Mr. Lawgreatest staples of universal consumption, has at- son invented a perfect remedy against those disasters. tained proportions of the greatest magnitude, and has The plan is very simple. The principal of the invenenlisted the capital and energies of many of our leading tion consists in dividing the boiler into two compartbusiness men. Prominent among the number is Mr. ments, and passing the steam from the lower to the Richard Heckscher, Jr., who has now been permanently upper one through small perforations in the partition established in the coal trade for the last seventeen sheet, some of them being controlled by valves, and years. He brings, therefore, vast practical experience thus aggregate area being less than that of the throttle to bear, and an intimate knowledge of the wants of the valve. This discovery and invention mark a new era in community, and which he has unsurpassed facilities for the construction of boilers and engines, and in the use supplying in a thoroughly satisfactory manner. Mr. of steam. The results are perfectly wonderful. The Heckscher has ever manifested asterling and represen- Diaphragm secures perfect safety against explosions tative degree of enterprise in carrying oj the business, and gives much greater efficiency and economy, and and early secured advantages in the way of office and delivers dry steam and also prevents incrustation. pier accommodation that are unequaled in New York. With its use marine engineers can obtain and safely With his main office centrally situated in the Trinity use a pressure of 200 to 300 pounds, whereby the power, Building. No. 111 Broadway, Mr. Heckscher has estab- carrying capacity and speed of vessels propelled by lished an uptown branch at No. 435 East 23rd street, steam will be vastly increased. In structure the device while his wharves occupy two of the most convenient I is simple and can readily be attached to boilers now in sites on the shore of the East River for his purposes. use. In order to utilize this splendid invention, the They are located respectively at the foot of Rivington Lawson Non-Explosive Boiler Company was organized street, and the foot of East fird street, from whence under the laws of the State of New Jersey, on the 8th coal can be promptly delivered in any quantity either of December, 1882, with a capital of $3,000,000. It is the up or down town. Mr. Heckscher devotes the closest sole owner by assignment of letters patent of the personal attention to every detail of his large business, United States, No. 227,024 granted to D. T. Lawson, and can be relied on to prcntly fill all orders, either Wellsville, Ohio, for the means of preventingexplosions by the ton or the cargo. dle hana es only the choicest of steam boilers, bearing date April 27th, 1880. It is also hard and soft coal mined, delivering in usual standard the sole owner by assignment of letters patent granted sizes. A feature of Mr. Heckscher's trade is the direct to him for said invention by Great Britain, Germany, importation by himof the famous East Ince Hall English Belgium, Austria, Spain and Cuba. The following Cannel Coal, in ship loads. This coal is admittedly the gentlemen are the officers and directors ofthe company: finest cannel coal that is mined in the world. Itisespeci- Officers-Thomas Kays, President, Newton, N. J; Milally adapted to grates,burning readily and freely, pro- ton I. Southard, Vice President, New York; W. L. ducing a delightful glow, and shedding with its ruddy Brown, Treasurer, New York; Wm. H. Carr, Secretary, light an unusually large degree of heat. This coal is the I New York; Daniel T. Lawson, General Manager, Wellsstandard favorite in drawing room, liorary and break Iville, Ohio; Ewing & Southard, General Counsel, Nos. fast room grates, and Mr. Heckscher's sales are corre- 155 and 157 Broadway, New York. Directors-Hon. spondingly large. A convenient feature of his trade is that H. J. Jewett, New York; Gen. Thos. R. Sharp, Brooklyn, the subscribers of the American District Telegraph N.Y; Gen. John Newton, Brooklyn, N. Y; Col. W. L. Company can call a messenger to.take orders for coal; the Brown, New York; Hon. M. I. Southard, New York; same bparrangement being sent from its nearest office Hon. Daniel T. Lawson, Wellsville, Ohio, and Thos. direct to Mr. Heckscher's ftee of carge for messenger Kays, Esq., Newton, N.J. The offices of the Lawson Non service. Mr. Heckscher is an old resident of the city, Explosive Boiler Company are located at No. 155 and and a well-known member of a prominent iamly, being 157 Broadway, where every Information and deta,lq are justly noted in commercial circles for his lonorab e cheerfully given. methods and sterling integrity, while socially speaking he has justly attained alarge measure of popularity. As R. Wallace & Son'. Manufacturing Company, an exponent of the best class of the m etropolit an coal Manufacturers of Wallace Brothers' Electro Plate on t r a d e, we know of no more representative member than Fine Cast-steel and Nickel Sterling Silver Ware, M r. Heckscher, and hewell merits the large mea1 n,ke of No. 85 Chambers Street.-The headquarters of the sucecgs, such which has attended lii ba,smess c areer. great Vallingford Electro-plate and Sterling Silver ware manufacturing firm of R. Wallace & Sons, is The Lawson Non —,xplo,ive Boile' Com}l.*ny, located at No.85 Chambers street, and was established Offices No.155 and 157 Broadway.-The present age is in 1882. This firm are well Known as the most exten undoubtedly one of the greatest progress, and every sive manufacturers of spoons in the world, and their year witnesses new triumphs in the world of invention. fine plated and sterling silver and hollow ware, find a Perfection is rapidly approaching in every article of ready market in every country. The "Wallace Broth manufacture and nowhere is this more clearly to be ers" plated ware, as it is familiarly known, is justly seen, than in the advancement which has been made in celebrated for its wearing qualities, the electroplating plans and devices for the purpose of making boiler ex- being made on fine cast-steel and nickel. In combining plosions absolutely impossible. N6 subject so closely strength, permanency, and beauty, this firmhave shown connected with life and property has commanded so their thorough knowledge of the art, and been able to much thought and investigation by scientists and produce goods that have given their trade-mark a high mechanics as steam boiler explosions. From the first reputation in the market. In design and finish, their use of steam all nations have been engaged in seeking ware is most beautiful, desirable and perfect. Their for the cause, and yet for over a century it has remained warerooms a! No. 85 Chambers street, are very ample, a mystery. The cause, however, has at last been dis- and well stocked with the fullest variety of this beauti covered by Mr. Daniel T. Lawson of Wellsville, Ohio, ful and artistic ware, displaying the very latest and who conceived the idea and has fully demonstrated the choicest productions of their great works at Walling fact that water is an explosive and that all steam boiler ford, Conn. The company is ably represented at this explosions are caused by the explosion of super-heated point by Mr. R. B. Wallace. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 157 ~158 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Wm. Gramm's Sonx, Manufacturers of Mouldings eorge Robinson, Manufacturer of Lace and Pre for Picture Frames, Window Cornices, Railway Cars mium Ruffling, No. 83 Walker Street.-A leading house and Interior Decorations, Nos. 1, 3 and 5 Marion Street. engaged in this business is that of Mr. George Robin Standing at the head of their special trade, isthe well- son No. 85 Walker street, which was established in known house of William Gramm's Sons which is located l1870, and since its inception at that date, has obtained a in their extensive building at Nos. 1, 3 and 5 Marion liberal and influential patronage from first-class retailers street. The history of the house presents some inter- and jobbers. The premises occupied are very spacious esting features, it having been in successful existence and commodious, and comprise three floors 25x100 feet for about thirty-three years, at that time established by in dimensions, fully equipped with all the latest appli Mr. William Gramm, father of the present proptletors, antes known to the business, employment being given to at the corner of Centre and Canal streets. In 1857 the a large number of skilled and experienced operatives. business was removed to Beekman street, where it con- Mr. Robinson manufactures all kinds of fichus, bibbs, tinued until 1865, when the present handsome and com- ties, collars, chemisettes, etc., which are unsurpassed modious building was erected and occupied. Mr. Grammn for elegance and quality by those of any other similar Sr., continued to manage the business until 1881, when establishment. His leading specialty, however, is the he disposed of the retail department to Mr. O. Rudolph, manufacture of "premium ruffling," which is highly and his sons, Messrs. Emil and William, Jr., succeeded appreciated by the trade. These rufflings are produced to the wholesale and manufacturing. The young men in endless variety and style, in crepe lisse and other had had a long experience in the business under their beautiful fabrics, generally in white, but some with father and came to it with a knowledge and experience colored silk-edged borders, in many tasteful designs. that soon manifested itself. Giving their undivided The utmost care is exercised to render entire satisfac attention to the manufacture and wholesaleing, their tion in these goods, and the manufacturing facilities business increased rapidly, and to-day, are believed to are such that failure is practically impossible. Buyers be the largest producers of mouldings in this city. They of lace goods and rufflings cannot be fully informed as occupy the entire third and fourth floors of the building, to the attraction which the market affords, until they which are of large dimensions, and well arranged for have examined the fine assortment displayed at the the special purpose, being supplied with the latest im- warerooms of this popular house. To those who desire proved machinery and appliances for the manufacture a high grade of lace goods, this house commends itself of these goods, and necessitating the employment of a as one that may be implicitly relied on to furnish only large force. Their trade extends throughout the North, such articles as shall rank superior in every resDect. South and Central Americas, East India, ChinaandAus tralia, and in its proportions is a most emphatic comment Anthony Oeehs, Importer of Wines, Brandies, &c., upon the enterprise of the house. Manufacturing mould- No. 51 Warren Street.-It would be extremely difficult to ing for picture frames, window cohilces, railway cars, name a branch of business more important in its relation and interior decorations, they not only produce in enor. to other lines of trade and industry than that devoted to mous quantities, but originate many new styles, that the sale of wines, brandies, etc., and it is one demand are beautiful specimens of chaste and ornamental ingonthepartofthose engaged it,the highest qual workmanship. Their offices are located on the first ties. When a house has enjoyed a liberal patronage floor of the building, and are commodious, convenient and popularity for a number of years, it is an evidence and attractive. The co-partners are life-long residents of the fact that its management is characterized by in of this city, and are so well and favorably known to tegrity, ability and good judgment. Such are the circum the trade that personal comment at our hands would be stances connected with the importing establishment of superfluous. The business policy upon which this house Mr. Anthony Oechs, which was founded in 1848, and has always been conducted, is one of liberal and fair has since its inception. held a prominent position in dealing, and those who once use their mouldings, are the trade. The premises occupied are very commodious, enlisted in their support thereafter. where may be found a full and complete stock of foreign wines and liquors. Mr. Oechs is the sole agent in the Isidor Fellheimer, Importerof Glass, Metal and Por- United States for Duminy & Co., champagnes; Branden celain Wares, No. 22 Park Place.-Prominentamongthe burg Freres, clarets and olive oil; C. Lauteren Sohn, most active and enterprising members of this trade, and hock wines; R. Bruninghaus, burgundies; Hulstkamp & a gentleman who is both a heavy importer and exporter Ze & Me, cordials and nieder-selters-water, from b Mr. Isidor Fellheimer, of No.22 Park Place. Though Royal Prussian springs administration, all of which established in 1883, Mr. Fellheimer's energyandjudil he also keeps on hand. All the goods in the store are known for their uniform reliability, and those clously di rected enterpr ise, have developedhis business desiring stimulants of absolute purity may safely avail to proportions of great ma gnitude, and indicates also the themselves of the opportunity offered by this house to great measure of confidence and esteem entertained procure such liquors, at the most reasonable prices. for him throughout commercial circles. His establish- Mr. Oechu is 80 well known and highly esteemed that t ~ Mr. Oechs is so well known and highly esteemed that ment is eligibly and centrally located at No. 22 Park further comment would be deemed superfluous. Place, where he has a fine showroom and office. He is an extensive importer of glass, metal and porcelain Samuel quincy, Importer of Earthen Ware, No. wares in vast variety, and including many coice lines 58 Barclay Street.-Promninent among the leading im not otherwise obtainable in this market. He also porters of earthen ware is Mr. Samuel Quincy, who handl es brass goods of Paris manufacture. Mr. Fell occupies the spacious premises, No.58 Barclay street. heimer's connections are of a superior character, and his He has been established in this line many years, and facilities are unsurpassed, and abundantly exempli- thoroughly unuerstands the business in its every detail. fled in the character of his stock, both as regards He is the New York agent for the celebrated works of beauty, exquisite taste and general utility. In addition, I. Flemory, and other leading manufacturers of earthen he has developed a large and growing export trade, for ware. He carries a large stock of the very best imwhich, also, he possesses superior facilities, havingagen ported goods, and does an extensive business, which dies at Berlin, London, Paris and Dresden. Devoting extends to all points. Mr. Quincy is well known to himself, as he does, with such abundant energy and the trade as an honorable and reliable merchant. By enterprise, to his important commercial pursuits, Mr. energetic work, coupled with liberal and well balanced Pellheimer has developed a trade extending all over commercial methods, he has built up a large and perthe world, and which in its salient features gives evi- manent trade, and well deserves the success he has dence of a steady enlargement in the future. attained. I NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 159~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ S. Waterbury & Son, Manufacturers of Children's Misses and Infants' Fine Shoes, No. 37 Warren Street. -The production of shoes in large quantities is a business requiring for its successful management the exercise of more tact, skill and practical knowledge, than almost any other branch of manufacturing Industry. The selection and purchasing of stock, the determination of styles, and finish to suit different and distant markets, t he best mean s of economy in produ ction, and finally the presentation to the customer of the finest article in such a manner as will convince him of its merits and its suitability to his trade. These are but few of the precautions and methods to be observed by the successful manufacturer. Prominent among the houses so engaged in this city is that of Messrs. S. Waterbury & Son, No. 37 Warren street, which was founded originally at Williamsburg in 1861, by the senior partner, thence it was removed in 1866 to Fulton street. In 1871 in consequence of a rapidly increasing trade the business was removed to its present eligible location. The premises occupied are very commodious and spacious and comprise three floors, 25x100 feet in dimensions.fully equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances known to the trade, employment being given to about one hundred skilled and experienced operatives. The products of the house consist of infant's, children's and misses fine shoes, adapted to the wants of first-class retailers and jobbers, and the large and annually increasing trade of the firm is ample evidence of the appreciation which has been accorded to the merits of the goods produced. The shoes manufactured by S. Waterbury & Son are made of the best materials, and are unsurpassed in finish, style, durability and workmanship, and may be said to be equal in every respect to the best custom work. The firm has established an agency at Washington, Chicago and San Francisco, in order to accommodate its large and increasing circle of customers. The individual members of the co-partnership are Messrs. S. and Z. C. Waterbury, who are highly esteemed by the community for their ability. Everall Brothers, Drapers and Ladies' Tailors, No. 236 Fifth Avenue.-A representative establishment, and one that has long taken the lead in fashionable circles, is that of Everall Brothers. This business was established in 1872, by the present proprietors, who have brought tobearvast practical skill and experience coupled with a keen appreciation of a first-class trade, only, which has placed them in the highest position, as regards those who accord them their custom. Messrs. Everall Brothers make a specialty of ladies' tailor made garments, and have earned an enviable reputation with the wives and daughters of our wealthy citizens, which has been the direct result of the superiority, artistic style and cut of the various garments made at this establishment. The premises occupied are elegantly furiiished and equipped with every appliance and convenience for the accommodation and display of the splendid stock and the comfort of patrons. The assortment of cloths comprises the finest goods from the most famous English loomins, which are imported direct, and the most fasticdious and critical cannot fail to be suited at this prominent and popular house. All trimmings, satins and silks used in the production of the garments, are made to order by the most noted foreign manufacturers The facilities of the house for the prompt fulfilment of orders are absolutely unexcelled, and embrace a large corps of the ablest workmen, whose operations are all conducted under the personal supervision of the proprietors. The individual members of this partnership (Ire Messrs. James R. and George Everall, who are highly esteemed by the community for their ability and inflexible integrity. T. C. Lyman & Co., Brewers, Nos. 420 to 428 West 38thl Street.-This well-known brewery of T. C. Lyman & Co., was established fourteen years ago, and has since enjoyed a prosperous career. They are brewers of Pale Burton and East India ales and porter, which for strength, purity and flavor are unexcelled. These ales and porter are sold in all leading stores in New York, Brooklyn, Jersey City, Long Island,and neighboring cities, and haveattained a standard reputation with the public. Mr. T. C. Lyman was born in this city and is a life long resident. He has always taken an active interest in every movement that hlad for its object the welfare and advancement of his fellow citizens. He is an honorable, energetic business man, and is one of the most popular men in the trade. Mr. H L. Greenman his partner,is also a native of this city,and is well knownr in mercantile circles. The other members of the firm are W. J. and G. Brown, who are special partners. The )roducts of this brewery average about,150,000 barrels a year. Birmingham Iron Foundry, New York Office No. 95 Liberty Street.-There is no branch of the mechanic arts in which such progress and improvement have been made in recent years as in that of machinery. Prominent among the leading establishments in this line which have a representation in the metropolis, is the Birmingham Iron Foundry, whose office is a t No. 95 Liberty street. This company has been established si nce 1836, and is one of the most prosperous industries in Connecticut, the large foundry and works being located at Birmingham, in that State. Over four hundred men are constantly employed, while the foundry is equipped with all the most improved machinery and appliances and every facility is at hand for executing the largest orders. They manufacture chilled and sand rolls, and rolling mill machinery for all purposes, and rubber machinery of all kinds also blooming mills, rail mills, steel mills, wire mills, paper mills, etc. The works are conveniently arranged and divided into different departments, each of which is in charge of a competent superintendent,the whole being under the management of Mr. F. M. Clemons. The products of the Birmingham Iron Foundry have a standard reputation all over the country, and are triumphs of American inventive genius and mechanical skill. The officers of the company are, Royal M. Bassett, President; Theo. L. Bassett, Treasurer and Henry F. Wauning, Secretary, all gentlemen who maintain an excellent reputation in the commercial world. The company's New York representative, Mr. Thomas IF. Stevenson, is a gentleman well-known to the trade as an energetic and honorable business man. He is possessed of sterling qualifications for the important position he holds, and is esteemed by all who have the pleasure of his acquaintance. Benjamin Fox, Iror and Brass Founder, Machinist and Steamfitter, Nos. 513 to 517 West 34th Street.-Proiiinent among the old established and representative mnen in this line is Mr. Benjamin Fox, whose extensive foundry and works occupy the spacious building 513 to 517 West 34tn street. He has been actively engaged in this business for the past twenty-eight years, and has built up an excellent reputation for first-class work. Besides iron and brass work, Mr. Fox is an expert machlinest and steamfitter, and manufactures shafting hlangers, pulleys, rubbing beds, grate bars, and boiler castings of every description, and is the manufacturer and agent of Toope's patent furnace grate bar. With the most improved modern machinery and appliances at hand, he has every facility for'executing the largest orders in the promptest and most reliable manner. Mr. Fox was born in England and came to New York thirtyseven years ago. He has always taken an active interest in every movement that had for its object the wellfare and advancement cf his fellow citizens. He is a inember of Corinthian Lodge, No. 488, F. & A. M. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 159 160 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. tine China and Artist Pottery, &c., is that of Messrs. Benedikt & Friedman, of No. 21 Murray street. The firm commenced business in 1880, being located originally at No. 25 Murray Street, removing thence to their present eligible and central premises, and where they display the largest and finest stock in their line in the city. The firm has from the start maintained direct connection with the leading European manufacturers of Florentine China, Art Pottery, and Bohemian Glass ware, and have an agency at Hamburg, Germany, while it is the representative in America of the famous house of Schwalb Brothers', Carlbad, Bohemia, and which is the leading house in the line of the manufacture of the finest china and glass. Some idea of the magnitude of Schwalb Brothers' business may be gathered when we state that they employ an average of 500 hands in their various departments. Importing as Messrs. Benedlkt & Fredman do, the choicest and freshest designs in Florentine China, artistic Pottery, Glassware and Statuary, their showrooms in Murray street present an exhibition of a highly beautiful artistic character, at once instructive and interesting, and which has met with the just appreciation of the American trade in the finest qualities of glassware and china. The firm has developed business which extends throughout the entire United States, and is steadily developing in magnitude and importance. The members of the firm give the closest personal attention to the filling of all orders, thus guaranteeing entire satisfaction. L. Dannhauser, Manufacturer of Ladies' and Children's Undergarments, Nos. 73and 75 Wooster Street, and Nos. 155 and 157 South Fifth Avenue.-The fact that New York permanently retains her supremacy as the great commercial centre of the nation is due to the enterprise and ability of her merchants and manufacturers, who by their untiring industry and a thorough knowledge of the requirements of the public are able to supply the vast trade of the continent with every article known to commerce. Among the thriving industries of the metropolis is the manufacture of ladies' and children's undergarments and in this connection it is a pleasure as well as a duty to note in this review of the mercantile and manufacturing interests of our city, a representative house in the production of this special class of goods. We refer to that of Mr. L. Dannhauser, whose spacious factory at Nos. 73 and 75 Wooster street and Nos. 155 and 157 South Fifth Avenue, is one of the most extensive and best equipped in the trade. This business was established eight years ago, and has always enjoyed a prosperous career. The house is recognized in the trade as the leading one in its line, and its goods are sold all over the United States. A large force of skilled operators is employed, and an immense quantity of undergarments is annually turned out. Mr. L. Dannhauser, the seniormember of the firm, was born in Germany, and came to the United States about eighteen years ago. He is well known in mercantile circles as an honorable, energetic and liberal business man. Mr. S. L. Lipser, also interested in the business, is a native of this city, and is an enterprising, thorouggoing, mercantile man. Guardian Fire Insurance Company of New York, No. 187 Broadway.-Among the leading and reliable insurance companies of the metropolis whose career bears evidence of their solidity and good management, is the Guardian Fire Insurance company of New York. Thiq company was organized in February, 1865, by a number of our leading business men and capitalists. Nearly quarter of a century of successful business has placed it in every respect among the leading fire companies of the Unit e d State s. It s conservative man a gement commends it to the confidence of insurers as one of the strongest and best. Its immense capita l is wh olly invested in United States government bonds, and it exhibits a large percent ag e of surplus i n available funds. Its directors a re among New York's wealt hiest and most representative citizens and the officers are men of long and tried experience in insurance matters. Mr. Wm. C. Thompson has been president of the company since 1870, and is a gentleman ox high standing in the commercial world. Mr. Walter K. Paye, the Vice President and Secretary, is a gentleman of sterling worth and ability, and is highly esteemed in down-town circles. Mr. James C. Stevens, the Assistant Secretary, is well qualified for the ima portant position he holds. Bartlett Md. Sayery, Hollow Ware, No. 26 Cliff Street.-Among the representative and old established merchants in this line is Mr. Bartlett M. Savery, manufacturer and dealer in enameled, tinned and plain hollow ware, who occupies the spacious premises, No. 26 Cliff Street. He is a large stockholder in, and a New York representative of the Barrows Savery Company, whose ex. tensive factory at Philadelphia gives steady employment to 500 men. Mr. Savery carries a large stock of their products, consisting of enameled, tinned and plain hollow ware, extra finished sad irons, tailors' irons, plated irons, waffle irons and stove hollow ware. He controls a large and prosperous trade, which extends to all points in the country. Mr. Savery is well-known in mercantile circles as an honorable, enterprising business man. By legitimate, well-balanced methods, coupled with liberal dealing, he has built up a permanent business which is classed among the most substantial in the trade. Parker House, anc0 Restaurant,, Broadway and 34th Street.-Among the old established and well known hosteleries of the metropolis is the Parker House, Broadway and 34th Street, of which Mr. L. W. Parker is proprietor. This house has been established since 1856, and has always enjoyed an excellent reputation. It is located in the midst of a thriving business centre-convenient to all the principal places of amusement, and within easy access from all parts of the city. The building is substantially constructed, the interior arrangements are perfect and including all the most modern fthprovements for the convenience, comfort and safety of guests. The furnishing and decorations throughout the house are of the most luxurious and elegant description, expense or talent having not been spared in making it a model of completeness. The restaurant has for years held a leading position among the lovers of good living, the cuisine being second to none in the city. The bar and wine room is a master piece of the cabinet maker's art, and displays an artistic ability rarely to be found in this department of first class houses. It is stocked to repletion with the choicest imported wines, liquors and cigars-in fact every appointment and detail of "Parkers" is of the highest order, and too well known to New Yorkers to need a lengthy description here. The house is filled throughout the year with permanent guests, its patronage being drawn from the very best class of citizens. Mr. L. W. Parker, the genial host, is one of the most popular hotel men in the United States. He is a veteran in the business, and for years has held an influential position in this city. He is courteous, liberal and kind, and possesses the faculty of making and retaining friends. That his energies have been well directed is evinced by the prosperous establishment he now controls. Benedikt & Friedmar_, Importers of Florentine China, Artist Potterv. Glassware and Statuary, No. 21 Murray Street — t'uroughly representative concern and one which nas within a comparatively few years attained a commanding position in the trade of Floren NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 160 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. fession in the most thorough manner, he was admitted to the bar in 1869 and has since been actively engaged in practice. He occupies very convenient and directly central offices in the Evening Post building, and has a large and permanent clientele, including many of our prominent business men and corporations. He carries on a general practice, and has become noted for the close attention he gives to the mastering of the details of every case, ably and faithfully serving the best interests of his clients, and resulting in bringing the majority of the causes to a successful issue. Mr. Fisk is a native of New York city, still in the early prime of manhood, and is a deservedly popular member of the community, in view of his high reputation as an honorable and talented lawyer. Thomas GllU, Proprietor, Manuacturer of John son's Patent Improved Borax Soaps, office No. 14 Park Place.-The history of the soap manufactur ing trade contains no such interesting and satisfactory chapter, as that describing the remarkably and deservedly successful career of Mr. Thomas Gill, whose high character and fixed methods of legitimate dealing are so well known to all who have personal relations with him. In 1874, Mr. Gill, having thoroughly investigated the qualities of the patent improved borax soaps, discovered by Mr. Johnson, andfinding them purer and better in every way than any others,he purchased the patents and entered upon their manufactureuponanextensive scale, opening a well equippedfactory inWilliam sburg, N.Y., and engaged heartily in the work of introducing the finest and purest soap for all purposes, the world has ever seen. It ever has been in the past and is to-day, the best, purest, cleanest, most effective, harmless and economical soap on the market, and since its introduction ten years ago, it has been generally recognized as the best and purest for all purposes. Mr.Wm.Johnson, the inventorandpatentee of the borax soaps, and a graduate of the London Chemical Laboratory, investigated the subject of soap making, and after years of patient labor and experiment in the field of chemistry, he produced a perfectly safe, pure and reliable soap. Mr. Gill commenced its manufacture upon the most approved methods as demonstrated by Mr. Johnson. The wonderful cleansing, sweetening and healing properties of borax, are all active in these soaps, the purest of tallow is used, and though composed of the best materials, the cost to purchasers isto not higher than the so-called "soaps," so full of im purities and deleterious ingredients. The Borax Soaps have been exhibited in all quarters of the globe, and have in every case won the first prizes wherever exhibited. The American Institute has awarded them the highest premiums during the series of years from 1874 to date,for purity and merit. These soaps also received the highest premium at the Melbourne Ebhibition Australia, in 1880 and 1881, but enough has been already said to establish their claim to be the standard soaps of the world, if this fact were not so abundantly demonstrated by their universal popularity, and increasing use wherever introduced. Mr. Gill produces the borax laundry soap,forfamilyuse; "borax white machine soap" used by first class hotels, public institutions-and manu. facturers; "borax Centennial toilet soap," delicately perfumed and the best for the bath; the "borax and atmeal toilet soap" for softening and giving bloom to the skin; the "borax iodine and bran soap," which acts like magic in the cure of corns, bunions, and tender feet, alo the "borax and walnut oil shaving soap," a luxury forshaving andguaranteedtokeep theskinsoft. Among the hosts of hotels, institutions, &c., using these soaps are the Astor, Fifth Avenue,Windsor, Buckingham, Hoffman, Albemarle, St. James, Sturtervant, Grand Union, Grand Central, Park Avenue, Metropolitan, &c., the leading hotels of Philadelphia, and all other large cities also those at Long Branch, Saratoga and other summer resorts; all leading laundries, the principal hospitals, aylum, convents and steaship companies. Mr. Gill's officee and headquarters are eligibly and centrally located at No. 14 Park Place, and where he promptly fills the largest domestic and export orders for his soaps. James M1. Fisk, Attorney and Counsellor at Law, 206 Broadway, Evening Post Building.-The New York bar has long helda prominence in the professional ranks of America, which befits the character and scope of the field of litigation in the empire city of the United States, and the leading members of the profession enjoy a prate in keeping with their recognized talents and abIlities. Prominent among the number isMr. James M. Fisk,ofNo. 206Brcadway. After studying for hispro 11 Charles Tollner, Jr., Manufacturer of Picture Frames, No. 7 Park Place.-Prominent among the representative an d e n terprising members of the trade, in this city, is Mr. Charles Tollner, Jr., of No. 7 Park Place, who brings not only practical experience to bear, but also an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade. He founded his present business some fifteen years',ago, and has developed it at a progr essive ratio, indicative of his unflagging energy and true artistic conceptions of what is striking, original and beautiful. Mr. Tollner's factory is eligibly located in Brooklyn, where he employs a large force of skilled hands, and has a capacity of some 6000 frames per week. He uses none but the best of materials, selecting them with the greatest care, and gives close personal supervision to all the processes of manufacture, thus ensuring reliability of workmanship and uniform excellence. Mr. Tollner's decorations are always elegant, and in the best of taste, and his medium and plain frames are as handsome in their way, as the most ornate. His trade has now developed to proportions of great magnitude, and extends all over the world. He promptly flls the largest orders for show card mounting and picture frame making, and has every facility and convenience. 161 American Bronze Powder Manufacturing Company, Works, Verona, N. J., Office, No.6 Murray Street, near Broadway.-The American Bronze Powder Manufacturing Company was organized several years ago to enter the Important field of industry, which it so ably fllls. The officers of the company are President, Mr. Henry Ahlborn; Treasurer, Mr. Lewis M. Livingston; and Secretary, Mr. Joseph Bierhoff. These gentlemen are among New York's best known business men. The company's factory is advantageously located at Verona, N. J., and is fitted up with all the latest improved machinery and appliances, affording every facility for the manufacture of bronze powder, and wherein a large force of hands find employment. The company's office and salesroom are very centrally situated at No. 6 Murray street, close to Broadway, and where Is displayed a large sample stock of their celebrated bronze powders, which have permanently retained the lead in the market, owing to the excellent quality of the ingredients, and the improved processes of manufacture. These powders are staples and In constant demand all over, an enormous consumption existing among sign and fresco painters, decorators, gilders, &c., &e. The company has also established an agency at Boston, Mass., being represented there by the firm of Wadsworth, Howland & Co. The American bronze powder has met with the commendation of the recognized authorities In this field of enterprise, and was awarded the diploma by the Centennial Commission, at the Philadelphia Exposition, in 1876, while it has on every other occasion shown its superiority to all other bronze powders in the market. The firm make a specialty of lining bronze,. which is used for:ftne work and artistic effects, &c., &e. 16 E OKSLADN NUTIS Powell, Brother & Co., Mamnufactturers of Boots a nd Shoes, No. 130 Duane Street.-Am o ng th e l eading boot and shoe Interests of the city of New York, we are pleased to refer to the house of Powell, Brother & Co. It is nearly a century ago when the foundation of this enterprise was laid. It began under the name and style of J. & S. French, one of the pioneer firms of this trade. These parties commenced operations in Pearl Street, at the point now occupied by the United States Hotel, afterwards removing to Murray Street, where they became the firm of French & Taylor, Mr. Taylor, after two years, withdrawing. Mr. G. N. Powell was at that time employed as a clerk by Measrs. French & Taylor, and upon Taylor's withdrawal, was admitted a partner under J. S. French & Co., and has been partner ever since. The individual members of the firm as at present constituted, are Messrs. D. B. Powell, G. N. Powell and E. R. Tuthill. They handle all kinds and varieties of boots and shoes, from the dainty slipper to the heavy brogan, their annual sales in these goods aggregating a very large amount. The proportion to which this business has grown is a just reward of the ability, energy and honest dealing which have always characterized the house of Powell, Brother & Co. During the thirty-one years in which Mr. G. N. Powell has been ldentifled with this concern it has only known unceasing prosperity. Although an old house, they are entirely modern in all the manipulation of their large interests. Mr. D. B. Powell is a director in the City Fire Insurance Company, of Brooklyn, and president of the City Bank, of Brooklyn. As merchants and as citizens, the members of this house are all highly regarded by a large circle of friends, and in the market are given a prominent place. A. Groanman. Manufacturer of Ladles', Misses' and Children's Fine Shoes, No. 77 Warren Street.-It is almost marvellous to contemplate the magnitude which the manufacture of ladies', misses' and children's fine shoes has attained in this country, when compared with the limit to which it was circumscribed twenty years ago. The great progress in the invention and perfection of labor saving machinery has been the cause of this great increase and advancement in the manufacture of fine shoes. A prominent houseengaged in this business is that of Mr. A. Grossman, No. 77 Warren Street, which was founded in Rivington Street in 1872, eventually in consequence of a rapidly increasing trade it was removed to its present eligible location. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious and comprise three floors 25x100 feet in dimensions, admirably arranged and equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances, employment being given to sixty skilled and experienced operatives. Nothing but the very best of materials is used, and the greatest care is exercised over all departments of the factory, in order that the goods shall be perfect in every particular. Mr. Grossman's celebrated Vienna boot has earned an enviable reputation for style, worKIilaship and quality, and is unsurpassed by any siniilar article in the market, the demand for this f aJ,ous boot being constantly on the increase from first class retailers. The trade of the house embraces the whol, of the United States and several travellers represent its interest throughout the county. Mr. Grossman is a native of Hungary and arrived in this country twenty-five years ago, and is greatly respected by the community a; a business man of rare energy and upright private citizei With ample experience and practical knowledge of the wants of the trade, this house is in a position to offer the best inducements, both as regards prices and quality, which in the end cannot fail to attract and hold a large share of patronage and support. A. Welsbein, Manufacturer of the Infant Food "Babysup," No. 371 Pearl Street.-It is with pleasure that we notice in this historical review the manufacture of an article of food which is a genuine boon to infantile and debilitated humanity, and the production of which renders its inventor and sole manufacturer, one of the world's true benefactors. We allude tothat nutritious and perfect food "Babysup," which is the extract of different kinds of cereals, such as oats, barley, wheat, &c., and which contains all the elements necessary to build up the human body. When mixed with milk and water, it is the best food for infants and the sick ever made, and will be found palatable, nutritious and easy of digestion. When one pauses to consider the chronic state of ill health, in which tens of thousands ofnAmerican mothers are living, it seems terrible sad to realize that their babies depend for nourishment upon milk which is not a healthful food, but partakes of the mothers' diseased conditions. Is it any wonder then that such a heavy infantile mortality prevails amongst us? The sure remedy and the only one, is to supply the babies with a pure nutritious food adapted to build up their constitutions, invigorate their blood, and render them pictures of health and happiness. This food is unquestionably "Babysup," by far the best for infants and children, as also for aged and feeble persons. Mr. A. Weissbein,of No. 371 Pearl street,is its popular manufacturer, and has received the highest praise from all who use it. It is recommended by the best medical authorities, and has already attained a wide spread and constantly enlarging consumption. Mr. Weissbein is the popular proprietor of a large and first class bakery and dining room,at No. 371 Pearl street, the premises being handsomely fitted up, and affording accommoda tion for upward of one hundred. He deservedly enjoys a generous patronage, and of the seventeen years of his business career, has spent ten at his present eligblbi stand. He is a gentleman of both practical and sleltific acquirements, and his excellent food, "Babysup," id heartily endorsed and generally handled by druggists. Ruxa k, Unge r & Co.,Importers o f Wines, Brandies, M iner a l Waters, etc., No. 50 Park Place. -One of the most active and enterprising members of the importing trad e of thi s cit y is the large and influential house of Runk,*Unger & Co., No. 50 Par k Pla ce. The copartners, M essrs. Ch arles E. Runk and Emil Unger embarked inll business in 1870 as importers of t he c hoicest wines brandies, mineral waters, etc., and have developed bota the thighest of r eputations and a large and permanent aetrade. Their e stablislnent is adv antageously located, and i s thoroumghly equipped with every facility requisite for the successful prosecution of such an extensive businless. lere, a t all times, is to be found in stock a large and choice selection of rare wines, the best brandies, &c., of thei s o dir rect importation. They a re the sole agents ill the United States for Ayala & Company's celebirated Chateau D'AyChampagne, unquestionably the purest and linest champagn e on the market, and which maeets the taste of th e be st class of trade. They are also sole agents for the United States, for Deinhard & Co's. still and sparkling Rhine and Moselle wines. Runk, Unge b, &c., ar e th e largest importersofRhinewines. in this country, their imnporations for 1884 reaching 77,902 gallons. Tlhis house is noted for being one of those re-,I)onsible and reliable concerns, dealing only in the purest and best of each grade, and is acknowledged by the trade to be one of the best in the city, with which to have business transactions. Their stock is large and complete, and piices will command the attention of the closest buyers, while honorable methods and sterling integrity of this firm are generally recognized. The equit~tble manner in which this business is conducted, as wvell as the excellent quality of the stock, are guarantees sufficiently obvious, and manifest, why dealers and larg,,e buyers should place their orders with them. | NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 162 NE OK' EDN NUTIS 6 specific quartz, gold weighing, and other purposes, where the greatest accuracy is required, have long held the lead, and their prescription scales, &c., are in general use, their bullion and specie scales carrying from 500 up to 5,000 ozs. in each pan, and sensible to one grain with that charge, are in general use among our bankers, assayers and deale rs in bullion. Another importan t department is that devoted to balances for weighing diamonds and other precious stones. The se scales are contained in a glam case, with sliding frame, counterpoise d for a charg e u p to 100 carats in each pan, and sensible to 1-1000th of a carat with t hat ch arge. They are provided with arrest for pans, and set of weights from a 100 carat piece down to 1-64th of a carat. These balances are the recognized standards among jewelers, diamond dealers and all who require to weigh precious stones. The firm likewise make a specialty of the manufacture of weights adjusted to the utmost accuracy, and which are put up in French polished boxes lined with velvet, each piece fitted separately. The brass weights are lacquered, while the fractions of the gramme are,platinum, except those below 20 milligrammes, which are made of aluminum. A special feature of their concern are the manufacture of sets of assay ton weights, of 4 "1 A. T. " down to 1-20th " A. T," These assay weights have been introduced by Dr. C. F. Chandler, of the School of Mines, Columbia College, where they are now in use for the convenience of assaying ores, and are a recognized aid in facilitating accuracy and expedition. X. Gould's Son, M anuf acturer of Stair Rods, Trunk [ar e, &e, No. 105 Duane Street-This is a large and enterprisin g concern, and is entitled to spec i al a nd prominent men tion In the pages of this work. The f athe r of the present incumben t estab lshed it In 1832. Lik e many ot her now not ed large industries, this also had quite a small beginning, Its success being the direct result to thoe ability which has l ed its course step by st epte. This house is popularly and favorably known i n t he trade as a manufacier of stair rods, step plates, curtain poles, brass goods and trunk hardware. Poss essing ample capital and large producing facilities this firm is able at all times to meet the heaviest demands of the trade. The latter is largely d eriv ed fr om the le ngth and breadth of the United State s, al though a cons iderable and increasing export market is being sought after, and in th is, the house of Mr. Go,ld's Son is mee ting with e ncouragement. This e stablishment occupies eligible and convenient prem is es at No. a105tuane Street, with factories at Nos. 61 and 63Hamilton St re et, Newark, N. J., in clos e proximity to the Pennsylvania railroad depot, where o ne hundred h and s a r e employed in the manufacturing department. In the nor th and northwest, and in the south, the p a t ronage given to this house is very large. The presen t proprietor of this busines s is a native of Newark, N. J., and is now in h is f orty- fif th y ear. The business is characterized by honest and upright dealing and mod er n m ethods, and has the Lconfidence of all who hav e deal in gs w ith the house. Becker B, others, Man ufacturers of Balances and Weight s of Precision, for Chemists, Jewelers, Druggists, &c., No. 6 Murray Streat.-A most important branch of scientific and skilled industrial enterprise, has its representative exponent in New York in the old-established con cern of which Messrs. Becker Bros. are the esteemed proprietors. They are th e lead ing manufacturers in America of blalances of precision for chemists, jewelers, druggist s and in g en eral for every use where accuracy is required. The business was originally founded a number of years ago, by the fir m of Messrs. Be cker & S ons, t o wht,m succeeded the present frm, co mposed of Messrs Christian and Ernst Becker, both gentlemen brog v ast practical exp erience to bear, and an intimate k nowl edg e of the wants of the best classes of the c ommercial and scientific world, and their balances h ave a,ttained the highest reputation wherever introduced. The ftrm's factory is eligibly situated at N ew Roch elle, N. Y., and is f ully equipped with the best of machin ery and appliances, and where a competent forc e of the most s killful workmen are e mploy ed. The firm' s office and salesroom is most centrally located at No. 6 Murray Street, next door to Broadway, and where a magnificent assortment of all standard descriptions of balances of precision is displayed. Every balance and set of weights leaving this establishment is guaranteed to be accurately adjusted, and repre sented in their handsome illustrated catalogue, and which should be in the possession o, every atayer, druggist, chemist and jeweler in the land.'So popular are the Becker Balances, and so enormous the demand for them, that imitations of them have been placed on the market, represented as manufactured by Messrs. Becker Bros., but which are unreliable,and in every way inferior to those manufactured by the firm, and the public is cautioned that only the goods made by them bear their firm name. They manufacture the standard balances for assaying, analytical and scientific uses, beautifully and accurately mounted in ]8rench polished glaum cases, with eliding frane counter poised. Their analytical balance hais bearings of agate planes, with new improved arrangements for arrest of pan and beats and is sensible to 1-20)th milligramme with its fll charge. Their balances for pharmaceutical, Cornell, Bingham & Co., Wholesale Paper Dealers, No. 178 Fulton Street, and Corner North Street and Mission Place. -This business was originally founded many years ago, but was formed into an incorporated company, in 1883, the following gentleman being the officeers: President, W. A. Bingham; Treasurer, R. R. Cornell; Secretary, D. D. Tompkins; The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious, and are fitted up with every facility and appliance for the accomodation of the immense. stock of paper. Their business connections with paper manufacturers are of the most advantageous character, enabling them to fill orders, however large, with promptness and dispatch, and at prices as low as the market warrants. Mr. W. A. Bugham, the president is one of New York's representative merchants and worthily presides over the important interests of the house. The Treasurer, Mr. R. R. Cornell, is a popular enterprising member of the commercial community, and ably discharges the difficult duties devolving upon him. The Secretary, Mr. D. D. Tompkins, is an energetic and hard working gentleman, well versed in the performance of the onerous duties which he performs, and as widely nown for his talents as for the honorable manner in which he attends to all the company's interests. NEW YORKIV LEADING INDUSTRIES. leg The Broadway, No. 1425Broadway.-The Broadway occupies the northwest portion of the new Metropolitan Opera House building, and is one of the handsomest as it is one of the most substantial hotel edifices in the world. It was built by the Metropolitan Improvement Company and the interior arrangements are perfect. All that modern Inventive genius and mechanical OM can devise for the comfort, convenience and safety of guests, is utilized. The furnishing and decorations are on a scale unsurpassed by any similar edifice in the world, while In the matter of furnitare, the one hundred and thirty-five rooms of the house are marvels of the upholsterer's and cabinet makers' artno expense having been s in m "The Broadway" a model of elegwwe and completeness. That It 18 appreciated as a public benefit, is evinced by the fact that it to filled wfth permanent guests and has at once become a summ. 16 E OKSLADN NUTIS R. M. Upjohn, Architect, No. 111 Broadway.-The history of the arehitectual development of the greo metropolis of America could not be written without gVing due reference to the name of Upjohn, which through out the last half century has been intimately assoiated with many of the greatest triumphs of arehitectual, apart from the monumental nature of one of the buildings thus included. Mr. R. M. Upjohn is so widelyknow in metropolitan circles in connection with the prwn of his profession, that it is almost unnecary to do more than refer to the fact that he is a native of lbsland, and has been a permanent resident of this city ora the last forty-five years, or since early boyhood, and that he is the son of Mr. Richard Upjohn, whose fam as an architect of the greatest skill and talent i as u dying as that of Sir Christopher Wren, who designed x Paul's Cathedral, in London. The late Mr. Upjohn ist well-known, and was the architect who planned and des ign ed Trinity Church, which sta nds t o-da y as of old, a perpetual monument to his skill and* talents, and which is undeniably the finest and beat proportioned specimen of church architecture In America. The bet of Trinity Church spire haa attained international prominence. The great fire of 1776 destroyed the parut church, but it was rebuilt in 1788, again to give place to a third edifice, the present magnificent and costy structure, completed by the late Mr. Upjohn in 1846. Mr. R. M. Upjohn continued in the profession subsequent to his father's decease, and has during his active career, planned and erected many of the finest sp uns of ecclesiastical, civil and domestic architecture in the country at large. Among other noteworthy building for which he built are the Capitol at Hartford, Conn.; Central Congregational Courch, Boston, Mass.; St Paul's Church, Brooklyn; Trinity Parish School Building; St. Chrysostom's Church, 39th street, corner 7th Avenue; the Presbyterayn Church,at Rye, N. Y.; St. Peters Church, at Albany, N. Y.; the West Middle Pub. lic School building, at Hartford, Conn; the Mechanics' Bank building, in Wall Street; the First National Bank, of Newark, N. J., and many others. Mr. Upjohn is known far and wide as a pains-taking and hard-working member of the profession; possessed of superior executive abilities, and devoted to the development of the highest types of architectural perfection, and the exponents of which are seen to excellent advantage in the beautiful outlines of the various ecclesiastic, civie and domestic structures reeted by him. Bishoff& Rodaz,Manufacturers of Zephyr, Saxony -nd Embroidery Material No. 44 Lispenard Street. This is a house of standard and in fact world-wide repu tation, the quaity of the goods manufactured by them, their excelling merit, an d the high and honorable record of the house, being beyond reproach. The head quarters of their fact ory and mills are at Hamburg, Germany, the industry being one of the largest and most influential of its kind on the continent of Europe. A s far back as fty years ago the g o o ds mader-by this emin ent Eur ope an house found a market here, and to the credit of thes e goods, and also to the management dthe irec ting e sta te h a their sale, it an bestated that they have alway s retained their old-time f avor and appreciation. T hes e g oods consist of zephyr, saxony and embroidery m aterial s in all the varieties, colors and styles of the same T,he Jobing and large retail trade, all over the nited as, is att ended to, the firm sending out a enmtber of efficient and competent salesmen to look after the requi rem ents of the trade. The patronage of the house is particularly strong in the East, along the Pacific Coast, and throughout the South, their trade in each o the eo of the s etions being of the most flattering proportion. They have no branch house other than the New York city headquarters, which is the outlet for the United States. Buyers should carefully see that the goods they purchase have the watermark of Bischoff & Bodatz on the inside cover. The attention of the trade Is directed to the removal of the New York offices and salesrooms to No. 44 Lispenard Street, where the business is being continued uninterruptedly. Charles R. Johnson, Signal Engineer, New York Representative of the Union Switch and Signal Company, of Pittsburg, Pa., New York Office, Smith Building, No. 15 Cortlandt Street.-The development of the railway system of America has unquestionably spurred on and opened a wide door to inventive skill and genius, and in no sphere of action with more satisfactory results than in that of a perfected system of switching and signalling combined. The Union Switch and Signal Company, of Pittsburg, Pa., is now the recognized exponent of all Ithat is good and useful in this advanced era of railroading, in regard to the perfect combined automa6ic action of any required system of switches and signals at termini and stations of railroads. The company is the sole owner of the valuable patents thus referred to, and its claims upon the attention of all who seek the latest, the safest, and the best system of switching and signalling are recognized'as paramount. The company's officers are all gentlemen of representative standing, both in the railroad and business circles. We have but to record their names, in this Connection, as any comment on our part would be entirely superfluous. The officers of "The Union Switch and Signal Company," are as follows: President, Mr. George Westinghouse, Jr.; Vice-President and General Manager, Mr. C.H. Jackson; Treasurer, Mr. Robert Pitcairn; Secretary, Mr. Asaph T. Rowand; General Agent, Mr. Henry Snyder. The main office of the company and its workshops are advantageously located at Pittsburg, Pa., and where the most extensive orders, including the most complicated demands for inter-locking, switches, &c., are promptly filled to entire satsatisfaction. The company's interests in New York, and over the roads centering here, are ably protected by Mr. Charles R. Johnson, the well known and talented signal engineer. He brings to bear vast practical experience, and an intimate knowledge of the wants of the roads, and has rit ed up numerous systems of switches and signals at many of the railway termini in this section. Mr. Johnson is widely known and respected throughout professional circles, and ably discharges the onerous duties devolving upon him, faithfully serving the best interests of the company, and holding a position in the front rank of the engineering fraternity. 164 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. John M. Dobbx, Agent of the Riverside Glass Works, Wheeling, West Virginia, No. 60 Barclay Street, Within recent years the glass industries of the United States have attained a magnitude and importance which bids fair to soon outrival their European competitors. That this should be so, is at once obvious. This country possesses all the natural resources and mechanical skill neecessary for the production of the finest quality of glass. Prominent among the leading glass works of the United States are the Riverside Works, of Wheeling, West Va. It Is an extensive establishment, equipped with all the most modern machinery and appliances, and employs a large force of skilled workmen. The New York agent of this company is Mr. John H. Dobbs, whose office and warerooms are at No. 60 Barclay Street. He is a gentleman of long experience in the business and thoroughly understands its every detah. He carries a large sample stock of the company's products in table ware, etc., and does an extensive trade in this city. The business extends all over the country. agencies being located in all the Western States. He is also agent for A. J. Beatty & Sons, of Steubenville, Ohio, who are manufacturers of pressed and blown tumblers, and one of the oldest and largest houses tu the trade. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. A. Sartoriam & Co., Importers and Manufacturers of Bronze Powder, Brocade, Gold, Silver and Metal Leaf, etc., No. 12 Barclay Street.-The well known and responsible house of Messrs. A. Sartorius & Co., No. 12 Barclay street, between Broadway and Church street, since its foundation by the partners, has been growing rapidly, and has built up a liberal and influential patronage. The firm imports and manufactures bronze powders, gold, silver and bronze paint, and colors and materials for china and glass decorations. They have given special attention to the wants of amateur china painters, and have for that class of their customers, introduced in this country the Worcester moist water colors, manufactured by the celebrated English color makers, James Hancock & Son, who have appointed Messrs. A. Sartorius & Co., their sole agents i n America. These moist water colors, put up in tubes and pans, and prepared for overglaze as well as for underglaze decoration, are an entirely new invention, the handling of them being extremely simple, and as no oil s a re required for mixing, but only water or megilp, all disagreeable odors arising from the liquids which had to be used with the French tube colors formerly in the market, are avoided. These colors, although only mixed with water, are fired into the china the same as Lacroix colors, and are also unexcelled for water color painting, representative oil-color painting, and silk decoration. Messrs. A. Sartorius & Co., are heavy importers of bronze powders as well as china and glass colors, and carry the most complete stock in their line in the city. The individual members of the firm are August Sartorius, Louis Reusche and Otto Schmiedieke, who after many years of experience are fully conversant with every detail of the business. Connolly & Co., Manufacturers of American Lava Ware, Japanese Umbrella Stan ds, Cuspadores, Ampe tons, Jardeniers, Flower Pots, &c., No. 76 Murray Street. -A most inte rest ing and important feature of the mani fold mercantile and industrial interests of the great metropolis is that emb odied i n the esta blishment of which Mes srs. Connolly & Company, are the popular proprietors. The irs is the lead ing hous e engaged in the manufacture of American lava ware, Japanese umbrella stands, spittoons, ampelons, and decorated ware of this description. Mr. J. P. Oonnolly, the senior partner, br ing s vast practical experience to bear, having estab lished in the busines s b ack in 1865, in Pe arl st reet. He subsequ ently removed to No. 44 Murray street, where the pres ent firm of Connon Clloy Company was organized, and in 1881 fin ally remov ed to its present address in Murray street, where th ey occup y two ext ra size lofts, b eing 36 by 85 feet in dimensions. Their salesroom is fully stocked with one of t he choicest and most elabor tely ornaental line s of goods to be found in the trade. I on their fact ory a number of skilled hands are oon stantly employ ed In the artistic decorati on of their wares, and a permanent and growing trade has been de veloped, which extends throughout all sections of the country. Th e fir m is t he recognized exponent of the hig h est standard of excellence in American lava ware, and turn s out a full l in e of orn amental japanese umbrella stands, cuspadores, spittoons, ampelons, jar deniers, flower pots, &c. The firm makes a specialty of japanning in all its branches, and has developed a trade of corresponding magnitude. Mr. J. P. Connolly is a native of Engl tand, who came to America in 1851, and early embarked in t he t rade, which he has made such a m ar ked success. As one of New York's self-made men, he is w ell worthy of the high reputation which he sus tains thro ughout commercial circles, an d d ealer s wh o are in search of first-class goods in his lin e would do well by calling and inspecting his magnificient stock. Moseley & Moody, Manufacturers of Linen Collars and Cuffs, No. 82 Walker S treet.-The competition in t he manufactur e of linen collars and cuffs has naturally been great, but the resu lt has been correspondingly satisfactory to the general pub lic, as a higher standard of perfection has been attained. In this connection the attention of our readers is directed to the well known and popular house of Moseley & Moody, No. 82 Walker Street, which was founded in 1864, by the senior partner, and continued by him till 1870, when the present firm was organized. With the growth in population, the increased demand, for collars and cuffs has necessarily caused their manufacture to grow in importance until it has reached its present large proportions. Following the demand the inventive mind has given to the manufacturer new and improved machinery, that facilitates the production of these articles, at a lower price than at first seems possible, and to-day manufacturers are enabled through the instrumentality of splendid machinery, and perhaps through a more complete knowledge of construction, and a thorough adaptation to the business, to furnish better collars and cuffs at less than one-half their cost a few years ago. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious and are equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances known to the trade, employment being given to a large number of skilled and experienced operatives. Messrs. Moseley &c Moody use only the best linen in the manufacture of these unsurpassed collars and cuffs which are equal in style, quality, fit and workmnanship to those of any other contemporary establishment. The individual members of this enterprising firmm are Messrs. Wmn. F. Moseley and Preston Rt. Moody, who are gentlemen of executive ability and tnte3T'~*. Eureka Fire Hose Company, Manufacturers of "Eureka," "Paragon," and "Red Cross" Linen Hose, Plain and Rubber Lined, No. 13 Barclay Street. Junius Schenck, Secretary and General Agent.-A prominent company engaged in the manufacture of these important articles is that of the Eureka Fire Hose Company, which was established several years ago, and whose offices and salesrooms are located at No. 13 Barclay street. The factory is situated in Brooklyn, and is equipped with all th e latest improved machinery and appliances known to the trade, employment being given to about 140 ski lled and experienced operatives. The company manufactures in large quantities, seamless, woven, cotton and rubber-lined hose for fire department service, consisting of the celebrated brands of "Eureka," "Paragon" and "Red Cross" hose, which are the equal for quality, excellence and durability, by the productions of any other contemporary establishment in the United States or Europe. The officers are President, Richard Vose; Treasurer, J. Van D. Reed; Secretary and General Agent, Junius Schenck. The unusual number of cities, towns, and villages, throughout every portion of this country and Canada, that are adopting the Eureka Company's hose in preference to any other, owing to its unrivalled quality and advantages, has led manufacturers of various kinds to produce an imitation of the famous brands of fire hose, viz., Eureka, Paragon and Red Cross. Customers will carefully observe that in the Red Cross, one filling strand is used. therefore it is not a multiply like Eureka, which has three heavy filling strands, and the Paragon which has two. As multiply means more than one, purchasers can readily see for themselves which is a "multiply hose," from this description and which is not. The Eureka Fire Hose company's standing in commercial circles b too high to require any comment at our hands, and both as regards business ability and true American enterprise, it justly merits the high reputation to which R has permanently attained. 165 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Wa m IL LuI, Manufacturer of Glassware, and Agen i lt.t Washbington Glass Co., &c., Office and Sal N o 4 Murray tret, Factory, Port Jervis, N. Y. —It t now over twenty years ago since Mr. Lum ie founded bs p~ent exoetve concern, and during the Interveng peio, he has developed one of the finest trades 1i o try, comprising all the leading jo bbe,. r. ibqrs. B factory is eligibly located at Pe. Jervtt. N.Y., and is fully fitted up with the most improve rn fanaces, machinery and appliances, at! is ne of the important industries of that town, affording am ent to a large force of hands. Here he irun-cuis various lines of mediumr and cheap glassw$, h finer goods being produced at the Mt. Wasiatona works. Among his specialties, being, eas, pickle. and 3ologne bottles, berry dishes, lamp pegs fonit3. &e.. &c. Mr. Lum is likewise agent for the Mt Wasb':gtm GI ss Company, celebrated for its rich cut glassy and opal goods, also for Smith Brothers' famous fiae decorated globes and shades, &c. In all thew goods, be displays a large and complete assortment in his Murray Street salesrooms, and at prices winch m,rit the attention of the closest buyers. Another department of his business is the cutting and engraving of glass in all its branches Special attention is given by him to jobbing orders, and as expert operators only are employed at the factory, (situated at No. 21l and 203East 12th Street), all work is guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. A specialty is also made of glas for silver plated ware manufacturers. Personally, Mrf Lum is a popular and influential member of the business world, noted for his honorable methods, and sterling integrity, and well worthy of the large measure of success which has attended his career in the metropolis. The Carlton, Thos. D. Winchester, Proprietor, Broadway, Corner 28th Street.-This house for many years was known as the Brower, and over a year ago passed into the hands of its present proprietor, Mr. Thos D. Winchester, who changed the name to the Carlton He is a veteran hotel man, and for years kept the old Western Hotel, on Cortlandt Street, and after waras the Winchester. He also has had a summer hotel at Bah'L. I. Since his advent as proprietor, "The Carl ton"' has taken a new lease of life, and he is now well known to the travelling public as a genial, p)ainstaking, and hospitable host. In his new enterprise he has spared no expense to make it one of the most comfortable and attractive hotels in the city, it having been entirely remodelled and newly furnished throughout. The res taurant and bar are supplied with the choicest edibles and beverages to be had, and every thing around the house betokens an air of solid comfort and substantial hospitality. The patronage of the house has largely increased under the new management, and it mantains a leading position among our most prosperous hotels, Mr. Winchester is one of the most popular hotel men in the city. and is highly esteemed by all who have had the pleasure of stopping beneath his hospitable roof. He 'a always taken an active interest in every movement, that had for its object the advancement and welfare of his fellow citizen,s. Th e Aetna Lif e Insura nce C ompa ny, od HrtoConn., Nos. 165 and 167 Broadway. T. J. tm r Manager.-The necessity of making provision, for one'$ family, in the event of death, through the medium of life insurance, has become so obvious to all prudent men, that the only question to be determined is, which is the best company to insure in? This question is satisfactorily answered by the ~Etna IAfe Insurance Company. Having passed a third of a century of corporate existence, it is enabled to bring to its business that successful experience which age secures. It is thirtyfour years since the,Etna Life Company commenced businesss as a separate organization from the 2Etna Insurance Company, with which it was chartered in 1820. During the first fifteen years of its existence, it made small progress. In 1861 it was decided to extend the company's businesss and field of operations. To meet the increasing demand for participating insurance a mutual department was opened, which has been eminently successful. The advantages offered by the ]Etna's system were appreciated by the insuring public, and the company has ever mantained a leading position. Each year it has shown greater strength, while at the same time the dividends to its insured have been constantly increasing. The success of this com pany is due to the careful and intelligent management. Its efficient directors are selected from, and elected by, the stockholders. The capital stock of one million dol lars is held as security for the faithful carrying out of all the company's obligations to policy holders or others. The ]Etna is one of the soundest insurance companies in the world. Mr. T. J. Mumford, the manager of the New York offices, is a gentleman of long experience and ability, and has an excellent reputation in insurance circles. John J.,uinlan, Hardware Commission Merchant Manufacturer of Locks and Builders' Hardware, No. 25 Murray Street.-This business was originally founded by the firm of Sloat & Quinlan, and who were succeeded by Mr. Quinlan, in May, 1883. He brings vast practical experience to bear, and an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade, and in his convenient salesrooms, at No. 25 Murray street, displays one of the finest and best assorted stocks of hardware in the city, and at prices which will command the attention of the closest buyers. Mr. Quinlan is also a manufacturer of a full line of locks and builders' hardware, using none but the best of iron, and employing skilled workmen, so that these goods are acquiring the highest of reputations among consumers as regards reliability and low prices. The business has been built up to large proportions by Mr. Quinlan, with heavy and permanent sales extending all over the United States. Peek & Son, Manufacturers of The Opera Piano, Nos. 112 to ll6 Wes t 47th Street, Cor ner Broadway.-This business was founded in 1860, and at once won its wa y into popular favor. The f irm hav e occupied their present eligible location for the past three years, the factory being supplied with all the most approved modern machinery and appliances. The "Opera Piano," made by Messrs. Peek & Son, has won a national reputation for the volume and purity of its tone, and sympathetic singing qualities. For beauty and originality of design,superiority of workmanship andifinish,durability and general excellence, it is unrivalled by the best product of any other maker. It is used in many academies, conservatories and concert rooms in preference to all others, and has found a place in the parlors of our best families. Mes,es. Peek & Son have done much to advance the interests of the piano trade, by the introduction of many artistic improvements in the manufacture of pianos. The house does a very large business, their trade extending all over the continent. F. Denntnder, Piano Forte Case Factory, Nos. 653 and 6 East 156th Street.-At Nos. 653 and 655 East street, will be found the manufactory of Mr. DenmBiger, an establishment built and conducted for the p'pe of manufacturing piano cases. The prop!etr, is a uative of Germany, who came to the United in 1867, and commenced his present venture in I I=. He employs about thirty men steadily, has a opial of $12,000 invested, and his aggregate trade _om to $30,000perannum. Hisbuilding hasa capacNl d bei n0 feet, the mot ive po wer fo r driving macfhnery being an engine of forty-five horse-power. is NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. are still unchallenged has every reason to be proud of the ordeal through which it passed, and to be highly sanguine of its career in the future. Such has been the fortunate lot of Messrs. R. M. Bent & Co., whose pianos are to-day in the full light of advanced musical intelligence, rated as highly as they were fifteen years ago, and regarded in many respects of unrivalled excellence. They are the manufacturers of the celebrated three stringed, treble full agraffe pianos, and among the points of superiority are their great strength, durability in every climate, and beauty of proportion and finish, coupled with a peculiar musical quality and richness entirely their own. Besides square pianos they also make the cabinet, grand upright, parlor uprights, and a small pony upright, which for beauty and originality of design, superiority of workmanship, delicacy of action and volume of tone, are unexcelled. They unite every advantage of the best pianos produced. The business was established in 1870, under the firm name of Beames & Bent, both practical workmen of long experience. In 1880 Mr. Bent bought out the original firm and about the same time purchased the entire stock and premises of the late firm of Bloomfield & Otis, and since which time the business has prospered and increased beyond the most sanguine expectations. The fi rm removed to their present six-story building, 25x100, about three years ago. It is equipped with all the most improved machinery and appliances, and gives employment to a large force of skilled workmen. The business is so large, that negotiations are now being engaged in for the adjoining building of the same dimensions, as that at present occupied, which will double their present production. This is done to meet the requirements of the trade, which is annually increasing. The house carries a large stock of pianos, and maintains agencies all over the United States, Canada, and West Indies, their sales being of such proportions as to stamp this one of our leading, representative manufacturing enterprises. Mr. Bent, the senior member of the firm, was born in this city and regularly brought up to the piano forte manufacturing business, since his fourteenth year. He has always taken an active interest in every movement that had for its object the welfare and advancement of his fellow citizens, and adornment of his native city. He is well known in trade circles and is esteemed as an honorable, enterprising and conscientious business man. B. Everten, Commission Merchant, Sole Agent for Evertsen Cotton Company, No. 77 Franklin Street.-Mr. Evertsen, Sr., established his buslness in 1l834, continuing it with energy and talent, constantly enlarging the volume of his trade, until in 1868, after an honored mei'antlle career he gave up the control to his son, Mr. B. Evertsen, who has worthily sustained the high reputation and popularity of his father's old house. He now handles one of the leading jobbing trades in his line in the United States, and since January 1st, 1884, has been identified with the Evertsen Cotton Company, of New Bedford, one of the leading concerns of the kind. He is the commission agent of the company in New York, handling the entire product of the mills, consisting of fine silesias, sateens and other popular linings for clothing. These goods are in wide and constantly increasing demand throughout the trade, and are among the best of their kind ever placed upon the market. Mr. Evertsen's spacious store is umusally eligible and central in location at No. 77 Franklin street, and contain s a complete and magndficient stock, wit h a steady demland both from the city and Western trade. Mr. Evertsen's father was born in Albany, coming from the old Holland stock, which originally founded the first settlements along the Hudson. Mr. Evertsen himself was born in New York City, and has permanently resided in this centre. Lesher, Whitman & Co., Clothiers' Trimmings, Nos. Z02 and 504 Broadway.-There are few commercial enterprises that add so greatly to the character and wealth of a c ity as the modern importing hous es, and therefore those in New York must rece ive their share of attention in this review. We are disposed to favor the classification of business, in our large cities, as tending to the better development of trade and of advancing the general interest. Merchants who carry certain and special lines of goods, are more likely to exercise a better system, and devote their entire attention and care to one line, than if they dealt in many different classes of articles, in the same way as in science, where those who apply themselves solely to certain branches are the persons who advance to perfection. We could not probably eludicate this theory better than by reference to the wholesale house of Mears. Lesher, Whitman & Co., Importers and jobbers of clothiers' trimmings, Nos. 502 and W4 Broadway. This house was originally established in 1852, in John Street, and was continued with great suCcs till 1874, when in consequence of increasing trade, It was eventually removed to its present eligible location. From almost Insignificant proportions, the trade In tailors' trimmings has within the last few years grown to be one of great importance, and the business in those articles is daily increasing in volume. This firm commenced business in a very moderate way, and has steadlly grown to be an important industry, as complete in detail as as any similar wholesale establishment. The premises occupied, are very spacious and commodious, and cownprise a splendid first floor, basement and sub-cellar 50x2A feet in area, to Broadway, with 161 feet front on Crosby Street. These warerooms are admirably furnished and equipped with every convenience and facility, for the display and accommodation of the varied and valuable stock. The system which prevails in this wholesale concern indicates the most careful supervision, while the judgment and care displayed in the selection and importation of the stock proclaim the management to be thoroughly skillful and experienced in the business, and acquainted with every minute detail of a critical and exacting trade. All goods are purchased direct from the leading manufacturers in Europ% and the latest novelties and newest styles are obtained as soon as they are ready for the trade, while with regard to prices, the house of Lesher, Whitman & Co., has always been considered as moderate as any other similar concern, while the quality of the goods has been equal to any in the market. The individual members of this extensive house are Messrs. S. R. Lesher, N. Whitman, G. H. Durham and S. M. Lesher, gentlemen of ability and integrity, and who have always identified themselves with any measure conducive to the general benefit and welfare of the community. Enterprise, energy and busines sagacity have marked the career of this popular firm in the past, and give ample promise of a long continued success in the future. R. M. Bent & Co. Manufacturers o f Squ are and Upright Pianos, No. 453 West 36th Street.-The great advancement mad e of late years in musical culture has rend ered the task of the pianoan nufacturer one dem uin nr ns anding no ordinary skill and enterprise. As in every other branch of industry competition in this has grown to be of the keenest, and the growth of capable players and critics has advanced with the appearance of superior instruments. As a consequence many piano manufacturers of reputable standing for some years have -been pushed out of existence, through inability to meet the exacting requirements of the times. There is no risk, therefore, in hazarding the opinion, that any firm that has stood the strain of the last fifteen years' marvellous improvement in musical culture, and the construction of musical instruments and whose merits 167 16 NE OKSLAIGIDSRE eflton C. Johnson, ManufacturingStationer, Steam Printer and Lithographer, No. 70 Warren Street.Among the representative houses in this busingw is that of Mr. Milton C. Johnson, which was founded in 1875, at No. 60 Beekman street, and eventually, in consequence of a rapidly increasing trade, was removed to its present eligible location. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious, and are fully provided with all kinds of presses and cutting machines of the most approved patterns, by means of which the work produced is accomplished with dispatch and in the best manner, employment being furnished to a large number of skilled operatives Mr. Johnson carries on a general manufacturing stationery business, also printing and lithographing, and makes a specialty of the manufacture of all kinds of blank books, journals, day books, ledgers, etc., of the best quality, for some of our leading banks and insurance companies. He likewise executes all descriptions of commercial printing and lithographing, such as letter, note, and bill headings, checks, drafts, receipts, bills of exchange, and certificates of stock. Personal supervision of the establishment, combined with just dealing and thorough integrity in all transactions, form the basis on which Mr. Johnson has built up his large and growing trade, his well-known name being a sufficient guarantee for the excellence of his goods, and his skill and taste. Dexter Engine Co., C. B. Smith, Treasurer, No. 40 Courtland Street, Eastern Agency of the Stearns Manunob1rlng Co., of Erie, Pa.-The history of the steam emgine dates back to 1615 when Solomon de Caus wrote a leurned treatise to prove that steam could be used as a motive power, but it was not till 1663 that it was applied to mechanical uses by the Marquis of Worcester in his experiments. The famous Watts first patent for improvements in steam engines was taken out in 1769, though several rude mine engines had been running as early as 172D. In 1770 eighteen large engines were employed in the mines of Cornwall, and a flour mill with twenty run of stones was moved by steam in London in 1784. The fArst steam engine ever used in the United States was putup in 1787, in New Jersey, for raising earth and pumping water from a mine. The next was put up about 1791 in a cotton factory in Kensington, now Philadelphia, and soon after they were introduced in saw mills and rolling mills, at Pittsburg. Then came Fulton's application of the steam engine to purposes of navigation in 1807T, since which date the march of progress in improving this, the most powerful.and obedient servant of man, has gone on with wonderful celerity. The Dexter Automatic cut-off engine possesses numerous features of superiority over all competitors, and has only to be seen in operation, swiftly, and yet noiselessy exerting its mighty power, to at once enlist the admiration and praise of all experts and steam users. The Dexter engine has since its introduction to the public, rapidly supplanted all competitors, and taken the place of the old style engines, being both more economical and powerful, in proportion to horse power, while the application of the famous automatic cut-off, is one of its chief recommendations, being at once a practical economy and a safeguard, that no steam user can afford to do without. The Dexter Engine Company is the sole proprietor and manufacturer of the "Dexter Automatic Cutoff Engine." The company's main offices are centrally located at No. 40 Courtlandt street, where the Dexter engine in various sizes, can be seen in operation, and its perfect workings fully explained. The treasurer of the company, Mr. C. B. Smith, is a gentleman widely and favorably known in business circles. At the offices of the DIexter Engine Company is also located the Eastern agency of the Stearn's Manufacturing Company, of Erie, Pa., and which has acquired national prominence for the excellent quality, and desirable and economical features of the boilers, saw mills, &c., and which are in rapidly being introduced to general use. The engines manufactured by the Erie Engine Works, whose portable engines are such deserved favorites with the public are also for sale here, which is theirEasternheadquarters. Mrs. Mary E. Cobb, Manicu re, Nos. 64 and 66 Weost 23rd St reet.-Amo ng the many profe ssions which have won their way into popular favor is that of the ma nicure. There a re many who follow it in the metropolis, but ther e is one, who by years of p ainstaking, and successful work has won her right to a leading position. We refer to Mrs. Mary E. Cobb, whose elegant parlors at Nos. 64 and 66 West 23rd street, have been the resort of some of our best and wealthiest families. The business was established in. 1878, and occupied No. 69 for a number of years, it having been removed to its present more commodious quarters quite recently. Mrs. Cobb is a lady of rare artistic ability and talent, whose skill as a manicure has helped to beautify many of our most fashionable belles, and the preparations sold by her are the very best of the kind made. Among the principal ones are bran-u nail powder, the most brilliant finger nail polish in the world. Cosmetic "cherri-lip" for tinting finger nails, lips and cheeks, produces a rosy blush true to nature. "Pan-za" cream, for softening and whitening the hands, "manicure Eko" soap, the finest made for the complexion, and many other articles for the toilet and beautifying the person, are manufacturedand sold. Any of these articles will be forwarded throughout the country on receipt of order. Mrs. Cobb has won an excellent reputation and has built up a large and influential patronage. Personally she is a lady of a courteous and refined manner, which wins the esteem of all who meet her. Rlony. Allien & Co., Importers and Manufacturers, No. 738 Broadway.-In the compilation of the present review of the representative firms and leading industries of the metropolis, we are pleased at this writing to mention the name of Henry V. Allien & Co. In 1876 this gentleman succeeded the time-honored firm of Horstmann Bros' & Allien, a house whose history began in this market about fifty years ago. This eminent house is engaged in the importing and manufacturing of a variety of valuable specialties, such as military goods, society regalia, church and theatrical goods, flags, and materials for manufacturers of all passementerie. They are the representative and most opulent establishment in this line in the United States. They are so well known that we regard the mere mention of their name as sullicient in the present instance. In the European markets where most of their purchases are made, they have the most valuable connections, their headquarters in Paris being at No. 38 Rue Meslay. As a firm they rate very high commercially, and the goods of their importation and manufacture are everywhere recognized. 168 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. J. Ct. Laws, Draper and Tailor, No. 198 Fifth Avenue,. -In the business of fine custom tailoring, Mr. J. Q.. Laws, No. 198 Fifth Avenue, under the Fifth Avenue Hotel, has secured excellent reputation. This house has obtained a liberal patronage, owing to the unsurpassed character of the garments produced. Mr. Laws long experience, coupled with an extensiveknowledge of what constitutes beauty and symmetry of designs in wearing apparel, has given him a proficiency attained by few of his compeer's, and the truth of which is exemplitled in the high reputation which the products of this house have obtained. The custom of the h4bae is entirely drawn from the highest classes of society, In fact from those who believe that the best is the cheapest. I NE YOK' LEDN NUTIS G. M. Birdsall, Importer and.Wholesale Dealer in Earthenware, China and Glass, No. 60 Barclay Stree There are few commercial enterprises that add so greatly to the ch aracter of the city as the modern importing houses, and the refor e th ose in New York must receive their share of attent i on in t he. present review. From almost insignificat proportions, the tra de in e arthe nware, china and glass, has in the lot few years grown to b ne one of considerabl e impo rtnhc, and the busines s in these articles is annu ally increasn A prominent house engaged in the importation f rom tu rope of earthenware, china and glass, is that of Mr. G. M. Birdsall, No. 60 Barclay Street, which was established in 1861 by Mr. F. B. Williams, and was continued byhim till 1884, when the present proprietor succeeded to the bus i ness. Mr. Birdsall imports direct from the English potteries, all kinds of earthenware, glassware, S. Bridgwood & Son's Royal semi-porcelain, and everything connected with the trade. He deals likewise in German fancy goods, looking-glasses, Landers, Frary & Clark's table cutlery, and Ansonia Clock Company's goods, which are offered to customers at manufacturers' prices. The system which prevails in this establishment indicates the most careful supervision, while the judgment and taste displayed by Mr. Birdsall in the Importation of the stock, proclaims the proprietor to be thoroughly experienced in the business, and acquainted with the wants of a critical trade. All goods are purchased direct from the leading manufacturers and producers in Europe, and the newest styles and latest novelties are obtained immediately after they are ready for the trade, while with regard to prices, the long established reputation of the house is well-known as the cheapest establishment in the metropolis at which to obtain these classes of articles. Mr. Birdsall is represented by agents in all the principal business centres of the United States. Those interested requiring such goods cannot do better than give their orders to thb house, where they will obtain advantages difficult to be duplicated elsewhere. W. H. Montanye & Co., Liscomb Mills, Wholesale Dealers and Manufacturers of Coffee, Spices and Mus tard,No. 62 to 68 Barclay Street.-A house that has been established for over forty years must necessarily engage and attract more than ordinary attention from the com pilers of this work. Such an establishment is that of Messrs. W. H. Montanye & Co., Liscomb Mill, No. 62 to 68 Barclay Street, which was founded in 1843, and must be recognized as a very prominent one in promoting the commercial interests of the metropolis, which, in more than an ordinary manner, it has done so much to enhance and foster. During all these years it has con tinued on a progressive and successful career, until the name has become a household word throughout the United States and Canada among all who have occasion touse the different classes of goods for which it has gained such a well-earned reputation and notoriety. From its earliest commencement, a famous name was obtained for the unrivaled quality and purity of its coffee, spices and mustard, from first-class retailers and dealers. The Liscomb Mills have always been recognized as not only being the among oldest of the kind in the State, but one of the most reliable, the name itself being a sufficient guarantee of the purity and excel lence of its productions. The mills are very extensive and convenient, and are equipped with all necessary applianes and the latest improved machinery which in any way may tend t o impr ove th e iqual ity of the pro ducts, and give employment to a large number of able and sexperienced operatives. W. H. Montanye & Co. graind their on spice coffee and mu stard, a nd put them u p with the g re ates t car e under their own trade marks; these goods are unrivaled for flavor and purity, and the ir sale are annually in Ireng. The system which prevails in the entire establishment indicates the most careful supervision, while the judgment dis played in th e importation and manufac ture of their goods proclaim the proprietors to be thoroughly expe rienced and fully acquainted with the wants of a criti c al trade. The individual members of the copartner s hip are Memrs. WH. H., E.. and L. T. Montanye, who are greatly respected by the community as business men of rare en ergy, and upright private citizens. In every respect this house may be justly onsidered a represen tative one, prompt, liberal and enterprising; all its operations are conducte d with a Jealous regard for the interests of its patrons, and business relations once entere d i nto with it are as sure to become as pleasant as t hey wil be profitable and satisfactory to all concern ed. Hoa nan House stables o Geo. Green, Proprietor N os. 85 and 37 Wes t 29th Street.-Among the best equip' ped livery stables in the met ropolis a re the H offman Hous e S tab les, Nos. 35 and 37 West29th street. They wer e established about a yea a erago by Mr. Geo. Green and at once found their way into popular favor. The premises occupied are spacious and substantially constructed. The interior arrangements, for l ight an d ventilation ar e p erfect, and all the most approved modern appliances are at hand. The equipages kept are the most stylish an d fashionable to be seen in the city, and te stock of horses are in good condition, most of them being ft class "speeders," while others are quiet and gentle, so that the tastes of all who want the use of horses and carriages can be satisfied. A choice assortment of Broughams, victorias, landaus, coupes, and all kinds of light turn-outs are constantly on hand. Horses are taken on livery and receive the best attention from experienced grooms. Mr. Green, the genial proprietor, is well known in commercial circles as an enterprising business man. He is a director of the Central Safe Deposit Cempany, a member of the Phoenix Sills Company of Paterson, N. J., and a large stockholder in the 42nd Stret and Grand ~ aloadd, as well as beon nteneted insev om nterprss. Julius G.nGrger & Co., Manu factu rers o f Key West and Do mest ic Cigar s; ofice, No. 51 Mur ray Street; o n tories, Key West, Florida, an d New York.-The man ufacture of fine cigars, of late years, has become a special feature of the leading New York trade, and the goods turned out are superior to any imported, being in every way up to the highest stand ar d of excellence and sellr g to the best classes of consumers. These remarks spe cially apply to the stock of Messrs. Julius Ellinger & Co., and our thousands of readers can always rely on purchasing reliable, firt-class goods of this potar house. The co-partners are Messrs. Julius Ellinsr, Ferd. Neumann, and E. Drey, (special). They or ganized about ten years ago, and have had a perman ently successful career, bringing vast practical aperience and ample resources to bear, and have de&doped a very large and permanent trade. They are to proprietors of two large factories, located respectively, one at Key West, Florida, and the other in connection with their offices and salesrooms, in Murray Street, this city. They employ a large force of hands at Key Wet, where they have every facility for manufacturing #a same as at Havana-which is only distant a few and whence the firm draws its supplies of choie, clew, Havana leaf. In their headquarters, in this city, they carry a very large stock of Key West and domestic goods of their own manufacture, while their factory her is 20 feet by 75 in dimensions. The firm requires the rervices of several salesmen upon the road, and their trade has extended all over the United States. Both Mr. Ellinger and Mr. Neumann, are talented and hard - ing business men, noted in commercial reles for honorable methods, and sterling integrity,, =al meriting a large measure of success. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. iso NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. bility accorded only to those whose transactions have been based on the strictest principles of mercantile honor, and it is deserving of favorable mention in this. review o f the city's wholesale interests. Baker & Clarke, Wholesale Grocers and Provision Dealers, Nos. 335 and 337 Greenwich Street.-The trade in groceries consider ed a s a branch of commerce is probably onee of the most important existing in this country, representing as it does an immense capital and furnishing emp loy ment t o a vast number of people. Neew York is ahead of her sister cities in the extent and magnitude of her grocery business, and the enterprise which characterizes her representative firms in th is bran ch of comme rce i s not equ alled by any oth er Am erican city. Prominent among the leading houses, and one representing aer large interest in this line, is that of Messrs. Baker & Clarke, whose establishment is loc ated at Nos. 335 and 337 Greenwich street. The premises are very extensive, well-arranged and adapted for the business, every modern appliance for facilitating the handling of goods with despatch being brought into requisition. The stock carried is immense, embracing both staple and fancy groceries, her* metically seal ed goods, and p rovisions of all ki nds, choice te a o hia nd t frr n ofs fro m C hina and Japan, fragrant coffees from Mocha, Java and South America, and, in shor t, e verything pertain ing to the legitimate dry-grocer y trade. T he growth of this est a b l i shmen t is only commensurate with fthe energy and enterprise of its proprietors, who are sedulously employed in ma intaining the c haracter of thei r various importations, and by so doing meeting with the most exacting demands of the trade. We should n ot fail to mention the fact that the Brunswick hams and breakfast bacon, specially cured and smoked for the tr ade r unde r the supervision of this firm, have met with the heartiest and best endorsement of the trade a ll over the country, a fact which is daily being borne testimony to in the increasing popularity of the same. They are specially handled by Park &- Tilford and Acker, Merril & Condit, the leading grocers of this cit y. Messrs. Baker & Clarke are highly esteemed in social and commercial circles for their strict integrity and probity, and are numbered among our most substantial and public-spirited citi zens. They are strictly first-class w ho lesale gr ocers, and we may say in conclusion, that the standing and reputation achieved by this establishment, after thirty years' experience in the market. are such as to warrant the entire confidence of those with whom it has formed business relations and entitles it to the consideration and respect of the comrnunity, whose general interest it has done so much to promote. E. La!fIontagne & Sons, Commission Merchants and Importers, Nos. 53,55 and 57 Beaver Street.-The oldest established, and still the leading house actively engaged in the importation of foreign wines and brandies is that identified with the honored name of E. La Montague & Sons. The business conducted by the present firm was originally founded nearly forty years ago, by the old concern of C. MIeletta & Co., which continued active in the trade up to 1865, when it was succeeded by Mr. Edward La Montagne, who, since 1879, has been asso Edward La M3onitagne, Esq. ciated in co-partnership with his two sons, under the firm name of E. La plontagne & Sons. This is the ol dest and best known wine house in the country, and in the hands of t he pre sent firm t he trad e has been developed to proportions of th e gre at es t magn itude, while the extra qualities of their speci alties are absolu tely unrivalled in our markets to-day. L imit s of space alone prevent our givi ng a full'hlist of the renowned European houses whose goods they handle, but among other lines kept in stock are Barton & Guestier's famous Bordeaux clarets, sauternes, and olive oil; Sandeman Buck & Co.'s (Pemartin) s herries; Sandeman & Co.' s ports; Sandeman B rothers' Li sbon w ines; Jule s R obin & Co.'s cogn ac brandies; Leacock & Co.'s Madeiras; C. Mlarey & Liger Belair's Burgundies; and Alex'r. Seigiette's bra nd ie s. Their establishm ent is the onr he depot for the famous Delbeck & Co.'s champagnes, com prising the popular brands of "Delmotlico, "Grand Vin Se.," ". Extra Dry," and " Vin Brut." They are al so th e sole agents for the " J. H. Cutter " bourbon and rye whiskies, which have attained such deserved prominence and widely-extended sale, and the celebrated Rosbach mineral water. The firm is composed of Mr. Edward La M'ontagne, and his sons, Ilessrs. E.C. and R. La MIonitagne, and from first of January, 1885, Mr. M. La MIonlta,,ie, and their facilities, experience and abilities have placed ~hle house at the head of its important lines of t rade. Its busi ness extends all over the Uni ted States and Canada, the staple brands of g oo ds handled by it beiihg in c onstant demnand everyw here. The concern was originally located in New street, but removing into Beaver street in 1854, has ever since remained permanently in this recognized centre of the trade. The firm's present large and commodious quarters, so fully stocked, are the best possible proof of its activity and enterprise, and of the prosperity attending its business-like guidance. By the exercise of great commercial ability this house has achieved a reputation for square dealing and relia 170 John T. Rowland, Building Contractor. Wm. C. Whyte, Agent, Smith Building, No. 15 Cortlandt Street New York City, and Main Office, No. 191 First Street, Jersey City.-Mr. Rowland is a thoroughly practical and experienced builder and has carried through to completion some of the largest structures in the city. He has devoted his time principally the last few years in the excavation and election of Gas Holder Tanks, and with marked success, having given satisfaction to the many companies with w,vhich he has contracted. Among the many Tanlks he has built may be mentioned the Mutual Municipal andi Knickerbocker, in connection witli Mr. Whyte, and since that time at Boston, Newark, and Equitable of this city, Jersey City, Providence, Hoboken, and many other places. Mr. Rowland is a native of New Jersey, and though only forty-four years of age, has made his mark in leading business circles. In Jersey City he is a respected resident, but all orders will reach him at the New York office, where Mr. Whyte may always be found. NE YOK' LEDN NUTIS Thomas D Stetson, Solicitor of Patents, American and Foreign, and Mechanical Expert in Patent Cases, No. 23 Murray Street.-One of the most widely known and representative patent solicitors in the country to-day is Thomas D. Stetson, of No. 23 Murray street. Mr. Stetson has been so long permanently established, and has achieved such an eminent degree of success in cases of magnitude and importance, that his name will be familiar to our thousands of readers, who will be interested to learn a few accurate facts in regard to his rise and progress. Mr. Stetson founded his business in 1855, in what was then the Brick Church Chapel, where the 2imes building now stands. It was at a time when the fertility of American genius was beginning to be made manifest in the patent office, and in the number of patents issued. The total number of patents issued prior to his commencement was less than is now issued in a single year. He early earned a high reputation for his ready grasp of the underlying principles of any invention or improvement, and his energy in pressing forward his clients' cases to a favorable decision. The results have been of a most satisfactory character both to MIr. Stetson and the public at large, and he is now consulted more successfully than any other solicitor in the city. Mr. Stetson will give an opinion as to the patentability of an invention without charge,(an important fact that should be widely known), and offers his skilled professional assistance in all matters relatIng to protection for inventions, and realizing profit therefrom, viz: Caveating, searching in novelty, securing patents in this country, contesting interferences, inviting public attention, preparing assignments and licenses,reissuing defective patents, advising on validity, soope and infringements, protecting aesthetic devices, such as designs, also commercial devices, such as trademarks and labels, arbitrating, serving as expert before the courts, securing patents and conducting oppositions in foreign countries and counseling at all stages on exclusive rights. Among the numerous important cases which Mr. Stetson has brought to a successful issue, are many for the world-renowned B. B. Hotchkiss, who recently died in Paris; many for the eminent Fairbanks concern, especially in extending their railroad track scale patent, Sir William Thomson, in patenting the Atlantai telegraph instrument; Capt.Barker in patenting the universal marine signals, Mr. George H, Corliss, in patenting the novelties in his famous steam engine improvements; Mr. William Corliss, in patenting the burglar proof safe, and the D. O. Francke, of Sweden, in patenting the acid process in paper pulp manufactare. He represented the hair cloth manufacturers in defeating before Congress the extension of the Lindsley selector patents. Mr. Stetson is particularly eminent as a mechanic, He understands the theory of mechanical subjects generally the best of any before the courts. He has had experience also as a practical mechanic. In litigations as to questions of infringements of patents, he is esteeniedthe most successful expert in the ranks of his profession. Mr. Stetson's offices are eligibly and centrally located at No. 23 Murray street, near Broadway, and are a perfect storehouse of practical references and information of all kinds bearing upon patents and inventions. His special indexes and abstracts cover the leading branches of the arts, accumulated as the results of his thirty years of active practice, while here is a liberal space for consultations, tice. Mr. Stetson's skill and experience in securing foreign patents for American Inventions, are widely known, and he offers every facility, being directly represented in London by Mr. George a. M. Hardinghani, af No.191 Fleetstreet; In Paris, by Mr. C. H. Thi eirirloi, of No. g Boulevard Beau Marchias, and in Berlin by Mr. Carl Gronert. Mr. Stetson commenced in 1859to a ~ of bloir i or sales o patents in whole or A. S chwar tz! Manufacturer o f College,. Acadeof, School, Church, Society, Testimonial, and PresentatiW Medals and Badges, No. 33 Barclay Street.-In hig special branch of artistic manufacture, Mr. A. Schwartx has long held the lead In the metropolis, and the publto have come to recognize that no one else can so satisfactorily and accurately develop their own original conceptions of what is most appropriate in the line of college, academy, school, church, society, testimonial, and presentation medals and badges. Mr. Schwartz has had a direct practical experience in this branch of the fine arts of the most superior character, and early evinced the highest order of skill and talent as a designer and originator of artistically beautiful and appropriate medals and badges. From the time of his entering the ranks of the profession upon his own account, up to the present, he has had a continuous measure of success, and a growing degree of popularity, and to-day his trade has attained proportions of great and permanent magnitude. His establishment is very eligibly and centrally located at No. 33 Barclay street, where he has the best fitted up manufactory of its kind in the United States, the machinery all being of the latest approved patterns, and is driven by steam power. He employs an average force of from twelve to fifteen skilled workmen-among them the most talented engravers on metal work. He carries a large and complete stock of the choicest and most suitable designs for college, academy, school, church, society, testimonial, and presentation medals and badges, while he is always ready to furnish special designs without charge. Mr. Schwartz has executed commissions for many of the finest and most elaborate testimonial and presentation pieces that have graced the transmission of the most heartfelt congratulations to many of our leading citizens, on various occasions of social and public Interest, and both as regards artistic excellence, intrinsic merit, and moderate cost, the work emanating from Mr. Schwartz's establishment has long held the lead. Samuel W. McDonald, (Successor to E. Bartlett), Harness Manufacturer and Dealer in Horse Furnishing Goods, No. 62 Warren Street.-In reviewing the advantages that pertain to New York as the centre of comerce in this country, we cannot ignore the claims to prominence of Mr. Samuel W. McDonald, harnes manufacturer, of No. 62 Warren street. This enterpris was originally established in 1852 by E. Bartlett, and continued by her until her death, which occurred in 1878, when the present proprietor who was in her employ, continued the business in his own name. The premises occupied are large, and are well arranged and equipped with every facility and appliance for ths prosecution of the business. The showrocms contain an elegant and extensive variety of all kinds of ladies' and geintleman's saddles, single and double horner, carriage goods, whips, robes, horse furnishing goods of all descriptions, a specialty being ado of horse bootO etc. The trade as may be inferred, is very large, and extends throughout the country. Orders by mail or telegraph receive immediate attention, and bir relations entered into with this gentlean are oe to prove profitable as well as pleasant, all product having a high and permanent standard el i_~ and completeness NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIEFJ. 171 in part, and for licenses under Um which are ognizedasbeingthebestformainuse. Mr.Stetsonhas also made his mark in the literary and scientific worki, and is a cultivated and pleasing writer. He was f merly editor of Appldon's Mechanics' Magazine. HO has been for several years the popular and efficient president of t-he Polytechnic Branch of the American Institute. 172 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. portions of the greatest magnitude, eventually resulting, in the year 1863, in his removal to New York, which as the national metropolis, gave him increased facilities for manufacturingas well as selling. The following year, the present firm of Messrs. A. Gross & Company, was formed, and opened a factory in Jersey City, the main office and salesroom being located in No. 58 Broad street. Eventually they removed to their present eligible and central premises at No. 75 Murray street, where they display the finest line of hydraulic pressed and adamantine candles in the market. Their factory is fully equipped with the most modern machinery and appliances, and where a large force of hands are employed in the production of adamantine and hydraulic pressed candles, red oil, pure distilled glycerine, and stearie acid. Their goods have long been staples in the American markets, and their candles, glycerine, &c., are general favorites with consumers, and are kept in stock by leading dealers all over the country, requiring the services of several men upon the road. Their very large stock of fine quality candles for hotel, household, church, railway, lantern and carriage purposes, is worthy the attention of buyers, and advantages will be obtained here not easily secured elsewhere. MLr. Gross, senior, died in August 1882. tean, is a gentleman of long experience in insurance matters. He is a man of sterling personal worth and Crane & Clark, Lumber and Timber Dealers, Foot of 30th Street and North River.-This business was established thirty years ago and its growth has kept pace with the development of New York's trade and commerce. The lumber yards owned by this house cover twenty-two city lots and are stocked to repletion with every description of lumber and timber for building and manufacturing purposes. Mr. Hiram A. Crean was born in Catskill-on-Hudson, and is one of the most, widely known men in the trade, and is an energetic business man of sound commercial principles. Mr. Le Roy Clark was born in Westchester County, and haaw been over thirty-four years resident of this city. He has been a school trustee of the 20th ward for a nlumber~ of years, and has always taken an active interest iD every movement that had for its object the welfare and advancement of his fellow citizens. Tylor, secretary, gentlemen well anuavuabl khNWn w a a a a througl ot insurance circles. commerce. The lumber yards owned by this house cover twenty-two city lots and are stocked to repletion with every description of lumber and timber for build W. Gibeon, Saddler, Harness and Patent Travelling ing and manufacturing purposes. Mr. Hiram A. Crane Trunk Manufacturer, No.222 Fifth Avenue, opposite was born in Catskill-on-Hudson, and is one of the most Hotel Brunswick.-There is nothing that contributes to widely known men in the trade, and is an energetic the metropolitan character more directly than the business man of sound comnmercial principles. Mr. Le amtblishment of enterprising and reliable custom or Roy Clark was born in Westchester County, and a order houses, thereby augmenting the facilities of supply been over th rty-four years resident of th uncity, and he and inducing trade to a given centre. As a source of has been a school trustee of the 20th ward for a number supply for harness, saddles, etc., New York has long of years, and has always taken an active interest in occupied a conspicuous position. A prominent estab- every movement that had for ts objectthe welfare and lishment engaged in this trade, is that of Mr. Wood advancement of his fellow citizens. Gibson. No 222 Fifth Avenue, whose business was establisahed by Mr. Wood Gibson, the father of the present proprietor, as far back as 1818, and since its inception at Frans Th. Bong art,Phar macist,Oorner 58th Street that date, it has ever commanded a liberal and influential and 9th Avenue.-Mr. Bongartz has been established patronage, owing to the unsurpassed quality, style and at his present location, 58th street and 9th avenue for workmanship of its various productions. The premises the past two years, and is rapidly building up a large occupied are very commodious, and comprise a splendid and influential patronage. The store occupied is large salesroom 20x90 feet in dimensions, with a spacious three and well adapted to the trade. A full stock is carried story factory in the rear. He makes a specialty of of pure fresh drugs and chemicals, proprietary mediharnessand travelling trunks,and in these lines his goods cines, fancy and toilet articles, druggists sundries, &c. are unexcelled by those of any similar concern, and Mr. Bongartz is a graduate of one of the highest medicustomers who have once given their orders to Mr. cal institutions, and maintains anexcellentprofessional Gibson, even though in Mexico or South America, inva- reputation. He gives special attention to the careful riably continue to obtain any articles required from this compounding of physicians' perscriptions and family reold established and popular house. Mr. Gibson imports cipes, by the highest standard of medical skill. That extensively fine London saddles,bridles, holly wlhips,bits, he is appreciated as a flrst-class druggist is evinced by spurs etc.,which are offered at the lowest prices, comrpat- the large and influential patronage he now enjoys. ible with good workmanship and materials. Personally, the proprietor is held in the highest estination by all classes of citizens,and he justly merits the large measure Rowlaod'sBoarding and Sale Stable, Nos. 130 and 132 of success which he has attained by his promptness, West 24 Street, between 6th and 7th Avenues.-Mr. H. energy and perseverance. Rowland has been established in this business for twenty years and is one of the most widely known men in the A. Grosa&Co.,Manufacturersof Candles, Oils, Gly- line to day. The premises he occupiesare spacious and cerine, and Stearic Acid,Factory,Jersey City; Ofniceand substantially constructed, the interior arrlIageiiiIt,s, Warerooms, No. 75MIurraySt.-Mr. A. Gross, the senior being perfect, and affording excellent facilities for partner of this house, is now the oldest candle minanu- boarding a large number of horses, to which every facturer in the business, having originally established a attention is given by experienced assistants. Mr. ltowfactory in this line, at Cincinnati, intheyear1838, and at land has been located at his present place for the past which time, the future metropolis of Ohio was but a two years. He is an energetic business man, honorable small town. From the start, Mr. Gross met with a grati- and reliable in all transactions and widely known g measure of success, and his business grew to pro- throughout this portion of the city. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 172 RI the proprietor, the business steadily improved, and the establishment soon obtained a place in the front rank of metropolitan industries. The demand for greater facilities occasioned by the large increase which marked the business of subsequent years ultimately necessitated a considerable enlargement of the works, and in its present status, the establishment is one of the largest in this section of the city. The grounds have an area of 100x175 feet, with a frontage extending from No. 440 to 452 West 13th street. The buildings comprising a series of brick structures averaging three stories, are in the form of an incomplete square, leaving a large court or yard in the center. A competent force is employed in the production of the various articles manufactured from white granite and the celebrated C. C. wares. A specialty of the business is the manufacture to order of porous cells. The proprietor, Mr. James Carr, is a courteous gentleman of sixty-five years, and a thoroughly active business man. A. & D. Flesh, Importers and Manufacturers of Buttons, No. 91 Franklin Street.-Originally established in the year 1866, this house from a moderate beginning, through enterprise, ability and energy, has risen to become a leading and influential one in this line. Besides importing from the foreign markets in which they have very valuable business connections, they manufacture a full and comprehensive line of buttons in the multiplied varieties, making a special feature of pearl buttons, in which they excel in this market. The factory belonging to this concern is situated at Nos. 9 to 17 Mulberry street, Newark, N. J., and is one of the largest and most complete of its kind in this section of the country, being furnished throughout with all the newest and most improved machinery known in the processes of this manufacture. In fine ladies' buttons this house is one of the best in New York market, they maki ng an elegant lin e at prices which commend o them to the attention of all dealers. Besides doing a large and profitable United States trade, they are able pto ompete with the English,they exp orting directly to London, afact in itself of para mount i mporta nce. Poseuing ample capital and abundant trade resources, Mesrs. A. & D. Flesh are destined to st ill further largely deo velop this important industry. Corone t Corse t Co., Manufact urers of Coronet, O tury, and Other Fine Corsets, Jackson, Mich.; New York Depot, No. 115 Wor th Street, Char le W. A dams, Anager.-A celebrated house In the manufacture of corlets is that of the Coronet Corset Co., whose New York depot is located at 115 Worth street. The factory to located at Jackson, Mich., and consists of several buldings, which are admirably equipped, employment being given to a large number of skilled and oxperienced operatives. The Coronet, Century, and other fine corsets, are manufactured by this company, and these go -ds are unsurpassed for style, workmanship and durability, by those of any other contemporary firm in tdl country. The officers of the company are: President, C. W. Penny; Vice President, M. McGee; Secretary, Treasurer and Business Manager, E. J. Weeks. Among the various items of superiority claimed for these corsets are, that they reduce the size and Increase the length of the waist without injurious tight lacing, produce an elegant and graceful shape, irrespective of the wearer's form, are proof against perspiration and moisture, and will neither corrode or soil the underwear, and will never change their form, always retaining their original shape. They will not stretch or break at the waist, and the bones never move or come out from wear, and are invaluable to young ladles, because they strengthen the spine, and also remove and prevent stooping and round shoulders. Mr. Charles W. Adams, the New York manager, is greatly respected by the community as a business man of rare energy. P. J. Feory, Plumber, No. 210 East 34th Street. —In the c onstruction of a building, there is no more important branch of mechanism to be considered than its sanitary plumbing a rra ngements, as it involves the health and comfort of its occ upants. Prominent among the plumbers of thi s ci ty, and one who enjoys the highest of reputations, and who has made sanitary plumbing a special study, is Mr. P. J. Feery, of No. 210 East 34th street. This gentleman is an old resident of the city, and has had many years experience in the business. He is a skillful and practicalplumber,andunderstands it thoroughly in all its details. He is perfectly familiar with the laws of sanitary science, and is frequently consulted in matters relative thereto. He conducts a very large business, and constant employment is given to a large force of competent and skilled hands, and he peramally superintends all work done, which is always Muted in a very creditable manner and quite satisfhtory to his pons, who embrace many of the leading architects and builders in the city. Estimates will be cheerfully furnished at all times, and he posesse every facility for doing all description of work of the greatest magnitude. Mr. Feery is a public spirited citizen, and very popularly known, and enjoys the fullest confidence of a wide circle. Fishkill Maduaoturing Co., Manufacturers of Machine-Made Paper Bags, Flour Sacks, etc, No. 166 Faiton Street.-The rapidly increasing demand for par bags and flour sacks necessitates correspondingly large facilities for their production. Late years have witnessed great improvements in their manufacture, both with regard to the rapidity with which they are produced, and the consequent cheapening of the product. This business is one requiring taste and experience, and in this respect no house has greater advantages and facilities than that of the Fishkill Manufturing Co., No. 166 Fulton street, which was establIbshed in 1871T, and has since obtained a liberal support. The factory is located at Fishkill, Duchess county, N. Y., and is equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances, necessary for the systematic and economical conduct of the business, employment being given to about eighty experienced operatives. The products of the house embrace all kinds of machinemade pa'er bags, flour sacks, millinery bags, ice eream boxes, which are chiefly made to order, the trade of the Fishkill Company extending throughout the whole of the United States. Estimates are given for any style or size of paper bags, etc., that may be desired, and the facilities of the house are such as to enable its management to fill orders promptly, and at prices difficult to be quoted elsewhere. Mr. S. J. Everett, the manager, is highly esteemed by the community for his business ability and inflexible integrlty, and under his auspices the company has obtained remarkable success and prosperity. Altogether this industry is not only an unique one, but so entirely useful, as to enable the company to command an immense trade, and pursue in manufacture alike profitable to itself, and creditable to the community from which it emanated. Neowr Y ork City Pottery, J ame s Carr, Proprietor, Manufacturer and Dealer in White Granite and C. C. Wares, Druggists', Plumbers' and Printed Wares, Nos. 440 to 452 W est Thir teenth Street, between Ninth and Tenth Avenues.-A review of the prosperous manufacturing and mercantile houses of the West side would be far from complete without a brief mention of the fine establishment which forms the subject of;this sketch. As far back as 1852, Mr. James Carr, having perceived the opportunity for the establishment of a lucrative business of this nature, began the manuture of druggists', plumbers' and printed wares at the 1ocaton since occupied. Under tag fostering care of NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 173 174 EW ORKS LADIN INUSTIES ' Bogardus & Ellaby, Hardware, Nails, Tools, Cutlery, Agricultural Implements, Blacksmiths' and Contractors' Supplies, &c., No. 177 West Street, Corner Warren Street.-Among the most energetic and old established business men who have achieved prominence in their respective lines of trade, there are none who enjoy a better reputation than the firm of Bogardus & Ellaby, of No. 177 West street, corner Warren, dealers in hardware, etc. They were established some fourteen years ago at their present address, where they occupy a large and commodious building which is well fitted up w ith a genera aassortment of hardware, nails, too ls, cutlery, agricultural implements, blacksmiths' and contractors' supplies, etc. Their stock has been very care fully selected and is the product of the number of skilled workmen they employ in their extensive works. Their long experience in the business enables them to secure their goods very advantageously, and they are therefore prepared to offer superior inducements to their patrons. The individual members of the firm, Messrs. Joseph A. Bogardus and Thomas Ellaby, are well known for their strict integrity, enterprise and reliability, and have es tablished a lucrative trade by their liberal business policy. hMahoney Brotherst, Builders and Cont ractor s, No. 52 N ew Bowery, Cor ner James Street.-The American metropolis, New York, contains many beautiful stru ctures, which are t he pride of the populace and command the admi rati o n of the world. The business streets are adorned with massive commercial edifices, which, with the elegant residences located upon t he aris toc ratic avenues, attest the artistic skill of the b uilders. Among thefirms engaged in this line of business fe w indeed have acquired the distinction accorded th at whose titl e app ears in the head ing of this sketch. Th e establishment of Messrs. Mahony Bros., is located at No. 52 New Bowery. It comprises a fourstory brick factory, 5Ox52 f ee t in area, a pproach e d by a c ov ered driveway, a sp acious yar ad and a finely appointed office located on the street at the ent ranc e t o the grounds. At the f ac tory a large force of hands are emp loy ed in the production of the v ariou s materials use d in the bu siness, which, being manufactured under the supervision of the firm, e nsur e a reliability not always attainable. T he busin ess was established in 1868, and was charact eriz ed from the start by a rapid progress. The Brothers w ere diligent and faithful in their work, an d as their skill became known, they were enab le d to obtain desirable contracts, resulting in pecuniar y b e n efit to themselves, and increasing their reputation as builders. In 1882 they erected the large f ac tory and auxiliary buil dings since occupiedcomprising one o f the finest establ ishments in this lin e of business in the city. Among t he man y fine buildings in this c ity and suburbs erected by Mahony Br os., may be mentioned the department engine houses in Elizabeth, Hous ton and He nry streets, (the latter was kn own a s big 6); Riverdale House, and the recept ion hosptal at North Brother Isl and; and also, a large boiler h ouse cos ting $150,000. The firm also rebuilt the naval office at Exchange Place, the government hospi t al at Bedloe's Island, and other public build ings. Among the i mportant contract s now on hand, is that for th e carp ent er work on th e n ew 12th regiment armory. M essrs. Mahony Bros. are the owners of much valuable property in the city. In 1884 they erected at a cost of $100,000, thee large sixth-story and basement storage w areh ouse on W est street, between Jay and Duane, which they own, in addition to two flats, five stories and basement on Mad iso eten between Montgomery and Gouvsernor s tre ets, now in process of erection. G eorg e L ester, Proprietor of the Moneta Cigar F actory, No. 35 Murray Street.-Mr. L est er origina ll y established the now celebrated Moneta Cigar Factory, at No. 38 Murray street, in 1877, removing in 1880 to his present addres s, w he r e he occupie s conven ient and commodiou s premises, always packed with the nos, popular an d choicest lines of cigars in the city. As a manlufactur e, Mr. Lester is noted for his superior extutive ab ilities, and excellent Judgment, and there is no bett er judge of fin e Havana leaf in the city to-day, than he. Since he b ega n business lie has ev r exercised the greatest care to use only the purest and most carefully selected tobacco in his factory, and as a consequence his brands of cigars are universal favorites throughout the best circles. Among them we might no -e his magnificent Ilenry Lee, Reina Victoria, his Ma,nuiel Lopez Regalia, 7th Regiment, a justly p)ol)lar cigar, and which is selling all over in large quanltities, then there alre hlis Fusaros, Rosa Conchas, Lester's Chleroots, Lester's Selections Lester's Pets, the celebrlated Mlonetas, the b~est all round cigars in the market. His trade is conlstanltly developinlg, and hie r equires the se rvices, of a nlumbler of salesmen on tihe road, who cover nlot i only this city, but also the State, Connecticut, Pennllsyl- $ vasnia, &c., while permlanent customlers of his call be found all over tnecountly. Mr. Lester is a thorough ] going, hard working business man. I Olena & Craig, Importers of Brandies, Wines, Gins, etc., and Dealers in Fine Bourbon and Rye Whiskies, No. 40 Vesey Street.-This house was established m any years ago by the present proprietors, and present s a striking instance of what may be a ccomplished by a steady application to business and a fair and honorable course of dealing. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious, and are fully stocked with a splendid assortment of the finest wines and brandies of their own importation. and pure domestic wines and whiskies of the leading brands. The goods are also sold free or In bond in the bonded warehouses of the different States where manufactured, or the ports of entry, large quantities being allowed to remain and mature until wanted for the demands of the trade. The quality and purity of wines and liquors are so much a matter depending on the honor of the house from which they are obtained, that dealers and consumers will find it to their advantage to procure their supplies from those firms whose long established reputation make their representations perfectly reliable. The senior partner, Mr. T. Olena, is a prominent citizen of Brooklyn, and at the present day occupies the honorable position of president of the Board of Aldermen in that city. He is a representative of superior executive ability, a logical and fluent speaker, and a good committee mall, while his unsullied reputation and straightforward record as president of the Board of Aldermen prove conclusively that he is worthy of the unlimited confidence reposed in him by the citizens of Brooklyn. Messrs. Olena & Craig are active competitors for legitiilate business and energetic, enterprising and honorable in all their dealings. 174 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. . -~ ~ ~~ E YOKSLAIGINUTIS 7 a number of skilled assistants, in the production to order' for the trade and individuals, burning brands, steel punches, marking plates, brass stamps, shirt and collar manufacturers' brass type and stamps, rubber stamps of all sizes, and in vast variety, alphabets, figures, also stencil ink and brushes. He has long been noted for doing only the finest class of work, and has developed a first-class business of extended proportions, including not only the leading houses of this city, but also all through the country at large. He is a native of New York City, long a permanent resident of the neighboring city of Brooklyn, and who has ever been a thorough-going exponent of his profession. Brady's Dancing Academy, No. 109 West 34th Street, Corner Broadway.-There is nothing which adds more to the deportment and general carriage than a knowledge of dancing, and there is no city in the world which offers such excellent facilities for acquiring a thorough knowledge of the terpsichorean art, as New York. Prominent among the most popular and succes ful dancing academies, which mantain an excellent reputation, are those conducted by Professor J. R. Brady, who for years has been instructing the people of this city in the art of dancing. He has been established in this line for the past seventeen years, and that his efforts are appreciated is evinced by the large and influential patronage he now enjoys. He has two academies, one located at No. 109 West 34th Street, and one at Nos. 135 and 137 West 125th Street. Both of these establishments are furnished and equipped in the handsomest and most thorough manner. A corps of experienced male and female teachers are employed and every attention is paid to pupils, who always leave this acdemy, excellent dancers. Persons who in their youth had no opportunity of learning to dance, are taught he r e in a few lessons all that is necessary to insure their pleasure when in society. By a new and superior mode of instruction pupils are enabled to learn quickly the most fashionable dances, especially the waltz. Mr. Brady makes a specialty of following the dictates of good society, and refrains from accepting innovations, knowing that they will be short-lived and objectionable. The prevailing style of dancing only is practiced in all his classes. His new academy in Harlem, is of exceUllent proportions, being 50x80 feet, well lighted, heated and ventilated. With his well-known reputation as an instructor, and the extensive facilities at his command, he is destined to achieve a great success in his new eaterprise. Personally he is of a genial, courteous, and goe tlemanly disposition, and is esteemed by all who have had the pleasure and good fortune of being under hi artistic tuition. The manager of the 34th Street Dancing academy, is M. Louis A. Linde, a gentleman well liked, and very popular with all, and has been with the academ y twelve years. John T. O. Keefe, the instructor of 125th Street academy is like wise popular. Both getlemen are thoroughly proficient in all branches of the profession and have been wisely selected. The demies are open the year around. T. 0. Hague, the Grand Oriental Bazaar, No. 2 West 23d Street.-The above is a representative house n the importation and sale of Oriental goods and antique articles, and was established many years ago by Mr. Hague, who was located on Thomas street, where for years he was collecting the treasuries in the way of curious and artistic specimens of Oriental art. eMr. Hague is agent for the Persian and East India Company, and is a wholesale and retail dealer in antique and modern decorative armor, brassware, bronzes, Persian, India, cashmere and Oriental rugs of all kinds, embroideries and shawls, etc. Mr. Hagme lhar a large and influential patronage, which is drawn from among our wealthiest citizens. Now York Publishing and Supply Co., Printers, Stationers, and Manufacturers, and Dealers in Lodge Seals, Solid Gold Pins, Lodge Blanks, Receipt Books, Charts and Membership Certificates; Publishers of the Xnights of Honor Standard; No. 268 West 34th Street.The rapid growth of the powerful mutual benefit organlzations, known respectively as the Knights of Honor, the American Legion of Honor, the Knights of Pythias and the Royal Arcanum, is one of the most cheering signs of the times, and is indicative of the intelligent interest taken by the public at large in providing for the mutual welfare of one another and of those loved ones so entirely dependent upon the head of the household for support. The annual statistics of these bodies testify tong the en ormous amount of good t hey ar e doing, and their financial exhibits show how their form of life insurance is b y f ar the safest, cheapest and most remuneotive in existence. Limits of space prevent our e ntering into this broad subject in th is historical review, but we urge each o n e of our thousands of readera to subscribe for the Knights of Honor S tandard, price only $1.00 per year, a large and handsome twelvepage journal, which gives full reports of the doings of the above named associations, besides a large amount of useful and interesting miscellaneous reading matter. It is issued by the New York Publishing and Supply Co., whose business offices are eligibly loated at No. 268 West 34th street. The editor of this able organ of the allied interests of the Knights of Honor, American Legion of Honor, and Royal Arcanum, is Mr. John E. Heartt, a trained and talented journalist, and a gentleman who possesses special qualifications for the defense and exposition of the great principles underlying the thrifty growth of the above orders, and whose plain and forcible demonstration of the superiority of the new plan of life insurance, has had a wonderful effect. The Standard is, as its name implies, a rallyIng point for the forces of the thrifty, thoughtful and conservative worker in every field of labor, and it circulates largely not only throughout every lodge in New York State, but likewise elsewhere in the United States, and with a steadily growing subscription list. The New York Publishing and Supply Company was organized some eight years ago, and has developed a large andpermanent trade in its field of activity. As printers and stationers, the company have long retained the highest of reputations for the excellence of their work and goods supplied, while they are the leading manufacturers and dealers in the United States in lodge eals, solid gold pins, etc., likewise lodge blanks of every description for Knights of Honor, American Order United Workmen, American Legion of Honor, and RoyalArcanum, on hand and to order. They also make a specialty of handsomely designed members' reoeipt books for dues and assessments, Knights of Honor chum and certificates of membership, and a full list of the official manuals upon the laws and proceedings of thes orders. Thomas H. Corbett, General Engraver, Burning Brands, Steel Punches, Marking Plates, Brass Stamps, Rubber Stamps, Stenc il I nk, e tc., No. 1o1 William Street.-In the line of.general engraving'the representative member of the profession in the metropolis is unquestionably Mr. Thomas H. Corbett, of No.l71William street, and who is also the oldest established in his line, having begun in business as far back as 1849. During the long intervening period he has ever maintained the highest standard of excellence in regard to all work executed, and has also retained the confidence and esteem of the community at large. As a general en-. graver, Mr. Corbett occupies finely located central premisx In William street, between Spruce and Beekman streets, and opposite Schieffelins' great drug warele. Here Mr. Corbett is busily engaged, along with NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIEF3. 175 . 176 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. John P. Son, Paper Warehouse, No. 170 Fulton Street.-A review of the great mercantile and manufac turing interests of the metropolis, would be incomplete without a mention of the pioneer of the straw paper trade. We re f er to Mr. Jo hn P. Son, who for years has been located at No. 170 Fulton street. He was the founder of the paper trade in the metropolis, and had theX entire control of it from 1837 to 1860. Many men who have since made their fortunes in the business, learned the trade from him. For half a century he has been en. gaged in this line, and is to-day as enterprising and active as ever. The premises occapied by Mr. Son, are 25x75, and stocked to repletion with wrapping papers, twines,etc. The house is known to every old New Yorker. and has always maintained an excellent reputation. The stock carried to-day will compare with that of any house in the trade, both in quality and price. Mr. John P. Son, is a life-long resident of the city, and has always taken an active interest in every movement that had for its object the welfare of his fellow citizens. He is highly esteemed in commercial circles,as an honorable,straightforward business man. Loring lane, Manufacturer and Dealer in Lamps, Glassware, Crockery and Fruit Jars, No. 81 Murray Street.-The metropolis is the recognized centre of every staple branch of wholesale trade and the remark holds good with a special force as regards ti crockery and glassware trades, wherein not only is large capital invested, but the greatest degree of talent and energy, by the leading houses. Prominent among the number thus referred to, and also one of the oldest established in the city is that of which Mr. Loring Lane is the esteemed proprietor. He began the business in 1868, and has carried it on continuously to date, developing superior connections and a permanent reputation for fair and honorable dealing; coupled with this, is Mr. Lane's practical experience, giving him an intimate knowledge of the wants of the public. His large store is eligibly located in Murray street, between College Place and Greenwich street, and contains a full and judiciously assorted stock of lamps, glassware, crockery and fruit jars. Mr. Lane manufacturers many of the most popular styles of lamps, and is constantly placing novelties on the market in this line, and that of glassware, &c. In addition to his large country trade, he has a heavy city patronage, numbering among his customers many of our leading retailers, and who find their business relations with him to be of the most advantageous character. He has long been an honored member of the commercial circles of the metropolis, still in the early prime of manhood, active, energetic and painstaking, and possessing those qualifications which insure permanent success in this important line of trade, and of which he is in every way such a thorough-going exponent. Francis J. C. Ferris & Co., Impo rters, No. 1&3 Church Street.-For the past ten years this house has been doing a good business in this city, and is well and favorably known in the trade. Their store is a perfect emporium of a variety of goods, needed by the dry goods and notion trade, of which the following is a partial list of specialties: Needles, containing the "Challenge," "Ferris" and "Victoria" brands, elastic cords and braids, loom webs and frills, rick rack and feather edge braids, thimbles, pearl buttons, collar and shoe buttons, crochet hooks, knitting pins, hair pins, shawl pins, linen floss, superfine stay binding, silk Prussian bindmg, laces, lace tidies, &c. This is only a partial list of a very full and comprehensive line of staple notions as carried by this house. Messrs. Ferris & Co. do a very large and extensive trade among both the jobbers and retailers. A number of efficient and competent salesmen are all the time kept on the road, to meet the wants of their numerous customers. They occupy three large and capacious floors, at No. 183 Church street, which are crowded with a large and heavy stock necessary to meet the demands of the trade. Schall & Co., Importers and Manufacturers of Confectioners' Ornaments and Materials,No. 61 Barclay Street.-The leading and representative house engaged in this line of trade in New York is unquestionably that of Schall & Co., of No. 61 Barclay street. The business is as old established as it is prominent, having been founded over twenty-five years ago, attaining proportions of magnitude during the intervening period. The co-partners, Mr. Martin Keppler and Mme. Mina Schall, bring practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade generally, and possess facilities and' connections of an unrivalled character. The house has long been one of our most active importers, bringing into the United States, the choicest qualities of confectioners' ornaments in vast variety, and representing all the latest achievements of European manufacturers. The firm likewise manufactures extensively upon its own account, and has developed the highest reputation in every department of its business. They occupy the entire five-story building No. 61 Barclay street, two blocks west of Broadway, and which is 25x100 feet in dimensions. On the main floor are the firm's office and a large and handsome showroom, where is displayed a truly magnificent assortment of confectioners ornaments, and requisites of every description. Three of the lofts are occupied by the firm's factory, which is fully equipped throughout, and where from thirty to forty hands find steady employment. They have on many occasions demonstrated the superiority of their goods over others in competition, and made a magnificent display at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876, receiving the first award from the competent judges who there examined into the merits of exhibitors' goods. The business of this great house extends all over the United States and Canada, among their customers being all leading confectioners, &c. Mr. Keppler is one of our most honorable and enterprising merchants, giving close personal supervision to orders, and being universally popular in social and mercantile circles. Decoratlve Stained Glass Co., No. 7 East 4th Street, near Broadway.-In stained glass we have seen many very rich designs that belong to centuries ago, yet the ar tisans of the p resent age have so improved upon the method of production, that what was only used upon the most costly cathedrals and edifices of olden times, are n ow i n common use by all who love the beautiful. Stained glass has of recent years been popularized, and the demand so increased that many houses in this city are engaged in applying it to the uses for which it is intended. A young and popular concern so engaged is that of the Decorative Stained Glass Company, who are located at No. 7 East 4th street, near Broadway. The company is composed of Messrs. S. L. Smith, John Calvin, Thos. Wright, and G. L. Rose, all of whom were at one time engaged\ with Mr. John LaFarge. These gentlemen are ex-i perienced and practical men, who are intimately acquainted with all the details of this manufacture.,1 They are prepared to furnish designs for all classes of decorative work, memorial glass windows, etc., in both ecclesiastical and domestic buildings, executing orders in the best style and with promptness and despatch. Many evidence of their ability in this direction are of the most elaborate and beautiful character, anDl testify to the thoroughness with which their business is transacted. They do all description of glass work, and have secured a position among the best houses in this cit$ 178 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 177 ft. L.DeLtser, Manufacturing Chemist, Nos. 455 and 457 West 26th Street, between 9th and 10th Avenues, -Mr. R. L. DeLisser for the past thirty-two years has been engaged in this city in the business of a manufacturing chemist, having previously in the West Indies acquired much practical experience that helped him to more quickly develop his ideas in the particular line which he chose. He came to New York in 1847,and for five years he was located at No. 33 Beekman street, and for a period of ten years carried on his business at No. 800 Broadway, where his reputation was firmly established. He continued in the neighborhood during the remainder of his long residence h ere, and finally choose the admirable quarters where his vast business is now carried on. Everything which is needed tosupply the'normous demand for the specialties of Mr. DeLisser's manuf acture is the re to b e found and steam power fitted up throughout, accelerates the busin es s in admrable manner. The specialties referred to are DeLisser's extract of ginger, soluble Belfast ginger extract, birch beer extract, sarsaparilla extract, soluble essence of lemon, red coloring amber gum, raspberry essence, strawberry essence, champagne cider, concentrated vanilla extract and pure cream soda. Besides these there is Mr. DeLisser's natural stone water filter, which is the most improved article of the kind that has been yet presented to the public. The objection to other filters, composed of sand and charcoal, that they soon become saturated with the filth they extract, is entirely removed in that of Mr. DeLisser's manufacture. The filth from the water in this can be brushed from the surface when the filter will be as good as ever and will last for years unless broken by carelessness. There is no other house in the city which can dispute with Mr. DeLisser the first place in his own particular line. This proud and pre-eminent position Mr. DeLeisser has held for many years, and it bids fair to be his as long as active superintendence, skill and care continue to dis tinguish his business. Edward IL Gallon, Manufacturer of Butchers' Fixtures, Tools, etc., Nos. 305, 307 and 309 West 41st Street.-The exigencies of modern business methods have brought into play a remarkable degree of originalty and ingenuity in connection with the manufacture of all kinds of goods. In this article the attention of the reader is directed to the prominent establishment of Mr. E. L. Gallon, Nos. 305, 307 and309 West 41st street, manufacturer of butchers' fixtures, tools, etc., which was established by the father of the present proprietor in 1850, and was conducted by him with great success and ability till 1882, when he was succeeded by his son. The premises occupied are very extensive and commodious, and are completely stocked with a full assortment of butchers' fixtures, tools, ice boxes, wine and fish freezers, etc., which are unsurpassed for quality of workmanship and material, by those of any other similar house in the trade. The factory is very spacious and thoroughly equipped, giving employment to about 75 skilled and experienced operatives. Mr. Gallon makes a specialty of the construction of saloon ice houses, which are unexcelled for efficiency and are the most useful and perfect cold storage inventions in the country. It will be apparent that the greatest care and scientific researches of years have been exercised to bring these refrigerators to their present point of perfection, which are valuable to butchers, fish dealers and fruit merchants. Large numbers have been sold all over the country, and numerous testimonials from eminent firms have been received by Mr. Gallon, testitying as to their unrivalled quality and utility. This is the oldest house in this business, and every care is taken in the manufacture of these goods, and the best and latest improvements are at all times adopted in their production. Mr. Gallon is a native of New York, and is business man of energy and enterprise. S. A. Woods -ehine Company, I[anufacturers of Wood Working Machinery, No. 91 Liberty Street.The leading establishment in this line and which for quarter of a century has made this kind of machinery a specialty is the S. A. Woods Machine Company, whose New York office and warerooms are at No. 91 Liberty street. The business was established twenty-five years ago, andhas been incorporated as a stock company for fourteen years. The foundry and works are located at SouBth Boston, Mass, and give steady employment to over 20o men. The works cover over forty thousand feet of floor room, and are provided withthe most modern-and approved tools and appliances, and possess every facility for the prompt and thorough production of this class of machinery. Another special feature is the superior method of construction. The frames of all machines being planed together, which gives great stability and firmness, all bolts, screws, journals,shafts, etc.,are made of standard sizes, so that duplicates can be immediately obtained in case of accident. Among the principal products of this company are planing and matching machines, S. A. Wood's moulding machines, improved surface planers, endless bed planers, clapboard planer and jointer, buzz planers, Gray and Woods Combination planer, self-oiling circular saw arbors, with cone bushing, Babbitt metal shafting, pulleys, cutters, etc., etc. The machinery made by this company has a world-wide reputation and is too well known to the trade to need a lengthy description here, suffice it to say, that it embodies the results of an experience of a quarter-century in the practical construction of wood working machines. The executive of the company is as follows: S. A.Woods, President; I. R. Joslin, Vice President, and Elroy N. Heath, Treasurer. Mr. Joslin is in charge of the company's interests in this section. He is well known in commercial circles as an energetic, and honorable business man, whose sterling qualifications eminently fit him for the executive position he holds. 12 NEW YORRIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 177 Longemarm & Burne, Jobbers of Fancy G, Notbns and Small Wares, No. 85 Walker Street.-Few departments of industrial activity have attained greater perfection, or a more deserved reputation in New York, than that of the trade in fancy goods, notions and small wares. The competition has necessarily been great, but the result has been correspondingly satisfactory to the public as a high standard of perfection has been obtained. A very prominent house engaged in the fancy goo& trade Is that of Messrs. Leiigemann & Burne, No. 85 Walker street, which was established by the present proprietors in 1883, and since its Inception at that date has built up a liberal patronage from first-class retailers and Jobbers. The premises occupied are very spacious and extensive,and are well fltted with every convenience and facility for the accommodation and display of ti-.o large and valuable stock. There is s ly any business carried on at the present day, In which experience is so essential to success, and In this particular the firm possan advantage, both partners having been Intimately connected with the fancy goods trade the greater part of their lives. The growth and prosperity of this reliable house are only commensurative with the energy of its proprietors, who are sedulously engaged in maintaining the character of their extensive stock, and by so doing, meeting the most exacting demands of a critical trade. All goods are obtained direct from the principal manufacturers in this country or Europe, and the latest novelties are secured as soon as they are ready for the trade. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. John Lengeinann and Richard C. Burne, who are highly respected by the community as business men of rare energy. They will be found prompt, liberal and enterprising, ever anxious for the benefit of customers, and always prepared to offer advantages'in keeping with such an excellent reputation. 178 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. George F. Vogel. Manufacturer of Decorative Fur niture, H.ard Wood Doors, Mantels, &e., Nos. 106, 108 and 110 Seventh Avenue, between 16th and 17th Streets. -The name of Vogel has long been identified with the, highest class of decorative art work in furniture, and deservedly so, judging by the beauty and excellence or the specimens of his workmanship. Mr. George F. Vogel founded his present business some twenty-five years ago, and from the first brought to bear great talent and aptitude for fine cabinet work, and a wide range of valuable experience. He has developed a trade of great magnitude and now occupies very extensive premises in Seventh avenue, comprising four floors of Nos. 106, 108 and 110, and w here he has been located for the last sixteen years. Here he actively carries on the manufacture of all classes of decorative furniture, also of hard wood doors, mantels, &c., and gives close personal attention to the filling of all orders. He has fitted up his factory in the best possible style, and it is replete with the latest machinery and appll' ances, and where from fifty to seventy-five hands find constant employment. Mr. Vogel does work for the best classes of the community, and in every instance strives to excel and consequently turns out articles of decorative furniture, which are most beautifully designed and carved, and stamp him as a true artist in his profession, and alive to the higher branches of cabinet making. Mr. Vogel is a most popular citizen and inspired with a laudable ambition, seeks to advance in his calling and lead in all that will make it of permanent value to the appreciative classes of the community. R. A. Greacen, Importer of Brandies, Wines, &c., and Dealer in Fine Rye and Bourbon Whiskies, Bass, Ale, Guinness' Stout, and case goods of all kinds, No. 443 West 31st Street.-Mr. Greacen has been actively engaged in this business at the above location for the past thirty-three years, and has built up a large and influential trade. He is an extensive importer of brandies, wines, etc., and is a wholesale dealer in fine rye and bourbon whiskies, extra French spirits, N. E. rum, Bass' ale, Guinness' stout, Kinahan's L. L. Irish and Scotch whiskies, Old Tom gin, and case goods of all kinds. The liquors handled by him are of the purest and most reliable brands, and may be relied upon as being the best in the market. By fair dealing and well balanced commercial methods, he has built up a large and p rosperous trade. Mr. Greacen was born in this city and is a man respected by all who have the ply ure of his acquaintance. Adam Gerneib Dealer in Stoves, Ranges and H e a t e r s, House Furnishing Goods, etc., N o. 70 9 N inth A v e n u e, between 48th and 49th Streets.-The production of artificial heat by means of stoves, an d the improvem e n t s of arrangements for cooking have occupied the attention of American manufacturers to a greater ext e n t, than those of any other country, an d as a result, the perfect inventions in general use in the United S t a t e s are of a very superior character, embracing economy of fuel, tasteful designs, excellent workmanship and general efficiency. No better illustration of t h e truth of this statement can be found, than by an ins pection of the stock of stoves, ranges an d heaters, e tc., shown by Mr. Adam Gernert, at his store, N o. 708 Ninth avenue, between 48th and 49th streets. This business was established by the present proprietorin 1877, w h o has since built up a liberal and substantial patr o n a g e. The premises occupied are very commodious and spacious, fully equipped with every appliance and fac i l i t y for the prosecution of the business. The stock la very complete, and comprises an excellent assortment of stoves, ranges and heaters, house furnishing g o ods, crockery, glassware, etc., whic h are unsurpassed for quality and price by those of an y other contemp o r a r y establishment. Mr. Gernert also executes in a workmanlike manner at the shortest notice metal roofI ng, plumbing and gas fitting. The Caston Book-Binding Company,No. 81White Street.-Among the representative establishments of New York, is the well-known and responsible Caxton Book-Binding Company, No. 81 White street, which was originally established in 1854, and since its foundation has ever commanded a liberal and influential patronage, owing to the unrivalled excellence of its bookbinding, and permanently retaining the custom of many of the largest publishing houses of this city. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious, and are equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances; employment being given to a large number of skilled and experienced operatives many of them the ablest workmen in the trade, competent to turn out the finest specimens of the art. The following gentlemen are the officers of the company, viz: Treasurer, Wm. Perry Fogg; Secretary, Charles H. Thyng; Manager, Edward Barr. Mr. Barr devotes his close personal attention to every detail of this large establishment, and being a thoroughly practical man is fully conversant with the wants of the numerous customers of the company. The system which prevails in the entire establishment, indicates the most careful supervision, while the judgment and taste displayed in the manufacture of the stock, proclaim the managep nent to b e th oroughly experienced and acquainted with the wants of a critical trade. Horler &a McGra th, House, Sigs n and Decor ative Painters, Nos. 121, 123 and 125 East 22nd Street.-Among the leading establishment s in this line is that of Horler & McGrath, who o c cupy the spaciou s premises on East 22nrid street. This business was established in 1840 by Rich ar d Hill & Treharne, who was succeedued in 1882 by the present firm. Both are men of experience, and are practical in every branch of the business. They maintain an excellent reputation for first class work, and all orders entrusted to their care are executed i n the most artistic manner. They employ a large force of skilled workmen, and are always kept busy filling orders for house, sign and decorative painting, papel' hanging, &c. Messrs. H~orler and McGrath have executed mnany large contracts for the interior decoration of leading city dwellings, and commercial buildings. By liberal and well balanceed methods, they are building ulp a large and prosperous business, and they deserve the success attained. J.R.Gibney, Dealer in Glassware, Demijohns, Bott les and Flasks, Fruit Jars, Tumblers, Lamp Chimneys and Kerosene Goods, No. 43 Murray Street.-Mr. Gibney is one of New York's most practically experienced merchants, fully conversant with every detail of the glassware trade, resulting from his lengthy connection therewith, and he has now entered into business upon his own account with a fully assorted, freshly selected stock of choice glassware, &c. It includes complete lines of demijohns, bottles, and flasks, fruit jars, jelly glasses, goblets, tumblers, lamp chimneys and kerosene goods generally, and in every department shows the care and attention bestowed upon its selectioll. Mr. Gibney has very superior connections with the leading glass works of the United States, and possesses unsurpassed facilities for filling all orders to the letter, for moulds and bottles of any required shape and design. He is favorably known with the trade, and has developed a wide circle of customers throughout various sections of the country, including the South, New York and near by. Mr Gibney handles large orders for bottles and demijohns, and supplies many leading jobbers theiewith. NEW YORKIS LFADING INDUSTRIES. 178 -~ ~~E OKSLADN NUTIS 7 John ElliS, Sanitary Plumbing, No. 141 East 59th Street.-As a sanitary measure for the promotion of health, the plumbing trade occupies a prominent postion in the front rank of improvements, and has become an absolute necessity in this utilitarian age of progress. A well-known house engaged in this business, is that of Mr. John Ellis, No. 141 East 59th street, which was established several years ago, and has since built up a large and influential patronage from contractors and property holders. The premisee occupied are very commodious, and possess every facility and modern appuance for the systematic prosecution of the business. Everything in the way of plumbing, ventilating, steam and gas-fitting is done, contracts are entered into, and the complete fitting up of buildings of all kinds is satisfactorily executed. In sanitary plumbing, the specialty of the house, on the perfect performance of which so much of the health and comfort of the community depends, an active and life-long experience is certainly an element to commend confidence. Such an experience is that of Mr. J. Ellis, which, being combined with all necessary facilities, readily accounts for the popu. larity of this house with builders, and has gained for it a constantly increasing business. A large number of experienced workmen are employed, and Mr. Ellis is fully prepared to furnish plans and estimates for work of any magnitude, and possesses every appliance for completing it in the most approved manner, at the lowest possible rates. Carl L.Rose & Cohen, Importers and Manufactu rers of Ladies' Cloaks and Jersey Waists, Nos. 120 and 122 West Broadway, opposite White Street.-Prominent among the leading firms that give tone and character to the cloak trade, is that of Messrs. Carl L. Rose & Cohen, Nos. 120 and 122 West Broadway, which was established by the present proprietors in 1879, and since Its foundation has obtained a liberal patronage from firstclass retailers and jobbers. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious, and are fitted up with all the most imp roved appliances for the economical conduct of the business, employme n t being given to a large number of s killed an d experienced operatives. The partners attend c arefully to the manufacturing department of the business, every detail receiving their personal supervision, and no article is allowed to leave th e establishment which is known to have the slightest defect. The firm manufactures the better g rad es of goods o nly, and bring s p ractical experience to bear in t h e selection, cutting, making and finishing of their articles, and w hich have earned a reputation upon their m er it s of being the best made and the most s tylish and reliable cloaks and waists in the market. The members of thi s locpartnership are Messrs. Carl L. Rose and Meyer G. Cohen, both natives of Germany,but who have resided in this country the greater part of t hei r li ves, and justly merit the large measure of success a tta ined by their en erg y, probity and persever ance. Atlantic Steam Coffee Mills, G. S. Moseley, proprietor, No. 785 Washington Street, between Jane and Horatio Streets.-A representative house engaged in this line of industry is that co nduc ted u nde r the title of the Atlantic Steam Coffee Mills, of which Mr. G. S. Moseley Is proprietor. The business is located at No. 785 Washington street,in a large brick structure,25x70 feet in area, of which the first floor and basement are utilized. The la test improved appara tu s is us ed and the business is conduct ed upon t he m ost approved methods. A competent force of skilled Vsistants is employed in the work, and the businessis ~th largeandlucrative. The proprietor, Mr. Moseley, is justly entitled to the distinction of a self-made man. He began the active life as a boy, doing a porter's work, and possessing a natural aptitude fox the business, he rapidly mastered its details, and his zeal and industry having attracted the attention of his employers he rose to a responsible position in the house. In 1857 he established for himself in a small way in the old Harlem railway building on Centre street. The business flourished from the start, and as the trade increased it soon become necessary to seek more commodious quarters,and in 1870 removed to No. 449 Greenwhich street, remaining there fourteen years. In the Spring of 1881. he removed to the present location, where the prosperity which attended the early days of his business career continues to characterize it. J. T. Downing, Fish and Oysters, No. 285 3rd Avenue. -Prominent among the establishments of this section of the city, is the fish and oyster market of J. T. Downing, of No. 285 Third avenue. Mr. Downing is an old resident of the city, and commands an extensive acquaintanice. He has had a long experience in the business in Adwhich he is engaged, and has occupied his present stand for the last six years. His market is well fitted up ), and is provided with all the necessary convenience, he keeping nothing bult the very choicest fish that comes to the N~ew York market, and wshich he pulrchlases and selects himself. He has co)nstantly onl had oysters, clames, lobsters, &c. Ever ything about his p~lace indlicaltes perfect order and system, and hie personally attends to the want~s of his cusitomlers, and whcre inlterests he is always studying. He is (an honlorable, straiglht forwvardl gentleman, sold is entitled to the flattering patronage he enjoys. James W. Mason, Manufacturer of Ice and Roller Skates, &c., No. 92 Church Street.-For the past twentyeight years this gentleman has been doing business in this market, a fact which in itself is sufficient endorse ment of the concern. Mr. Mason established this business through his own thrift, ability, earnest and untiring work and to him belongs the credit of its success. He is now enjoying a very extensive and in every way a satisfactory patronage as a manufacturer of ice and roller skates, skate straps, plates, keys, trunk and shawl straps, and all kinds of skate trimmings. In fact his store is a complete depot for everything in this line. All articles in connection with these goods can be found there at all times in endless variety, and the prices are such that buyers will find it to their advantage to give him a call before purchasing. Mr. Mason also handles such articles as snow shovels, sleighs, step-ladders, &c., &c. He occupies two floors at No. 92 Church street, between Chambers and Reade streets, which are filled to overflowing with a well selected stock of these goods. He is well regarded in trade circles here, as an honest and conscientious dealer. He is ably assisted in his business by his son, who following in his father's footsteps is likely to preserve untarnished the honorable record of the house. X. Snedeker, Carpenter and Builder, No. 92 Laight Street and No.256 West Street.-riginally established in Desbrosses street, Mr. Snedeker removed to his present quarters about two years ago, the premises now occupied consisting of a commodious second story where a large number of hands are given constant employment. He engages largely in building and every description of jobbing receives prompt and careful at. tention, and a specialty is made of fitting up offices, the best material and finest work being guaranteed. Millwright work is also carried on to a large extent, and in this, as in every other department, the most experienced and capable workmen are employed. Mr. Si/edeker is a native of this State,and first came to New York City in 1861. He stands high in the trade as a thorough workman, familiar with every detail of the business, and in commercial circles he has earned an enviable reputatioia as an honorable and reliable gentleman, whose en. gagements are always promptly met, and whose respons.bility is beyond question. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 179 180 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. _______~~~~~~~~~~~~ lips, arms and hands instantaneously on a single appli cation and positively without injury to the skin. Price 1.00 per. bottle. This business is now con ducted by Mme. M.B. T. Gouraud at the above addre ss, a nd under ihe sole ma nagement of Mr. Fred. T. Hopkin s. A very xtensive an d constantly in creasing b usiness is carried on both through out the Unit e d St ates and Europe. The New York Sportsman, Offices, No. 46 Murr ay Street.-New York, as a cent ral poin t fo r dist inguished ournalisti enterprise, and t he devel opment o f h igh lass periodical publication s i n every hield of American ctivity, has long ltheld the pre- emin ence, an d th e statement acquires especial force when we come to consider the wor ld of sporting life, and examine t he numerous eatures of excellence and talented manage ment wh ich chtracterize its recognized organ-," The New Pork Sportsman." This representative journal was originply founded in 1876 and has, during the inte rvening period a t t a i ned the highest standing as the recognized authority upon all matters of news and opinion in the arena of the turf, the baseball, cricket and athletic fields, and In aquatics. In 1883, Mr.Wm. C. C. Mehlback purchased " The sportsman" from Mr. William S. Wise, and organized a stock company to carry on its publication, the new proprietors being among our most responsible and respected citizens, and who, with Mr. Mehlbach as president, have, under his able and talented management, infused new life into the paper, and placed it upon a firm basis of vigorous vitality and widespread enterprise. "211Xhe ortman's" offices were, for a number of years situated in Park Row, and were in 1884 removed to their present eligible quarters, at No. 46 Murray street, where the various editorial and business departments have ample accommodations and every facility. "The Sportsman" is a large weekly paper in folio size, got up in the highest style of the typographical art. A competent staff of editorial writers, reporters and correspondents is employed, and the paper is looked upo& as being the special organ of the trotting, racing and breeding interests of the United States. It publishes the complete lists of entries to all the stakes of the various turf associations of America, rendering it invaluable to horsemen and turfites, while its racing news is the freshest and fullest that has ever appeared in any journal. It has regular letters from its own correspondents, giving all the turf and other sporting news from London, and other foreign centres, while its home correspondence is an invaluable and appreciated feature of its enterprise. It carefully covers every event in the vast fields of athletics, aquatics, bowling, billiards, shooting, etc., while its series of historical sketches, and description of horses, pugilists, athletes and sporting men generally, render it invaluable to every lover of manly sports and pastimes. In its veterinary department conducted by Dr. Richard A. Finlay, its subscribers receive prompt prescriptions for sick or injured horses or cattle, while its answers to correspondents cover the widest possible range of useful information. Its editorials are crisp, direct to the point, and treat in an impartial, fearless manner, with all the leading turf and sporting topics of the day. ' The Sportsman" has an extended and permanently enlarging circulation, covering every section of this continent, and many patrons in England, Australia and elsewhere. The proprietors have established a branch office, at Park Hill Itcuse, Ewell, Surrey, Enlgland, whlere Mr. Miartin Corbett is agent and receives subscriptions, and rep~resenlts the interests of the paper generally. For its large size, and vast amount of original reading matter, the " Sportsman " is the cheapest paper in its line, while it is unquestionably the be~st. Under Mr. ehlllbachl's managenlent it hlas become a great financial success. Its advantages as a splendid adver. risinlg medium have been recognized very generally throughout the community. J. T. Plummer, Manufacturers' Agent, No. 44 Bond Street.-Business and the methods adopted in its conduct are subject to unceasing change. The manufac-: turers' agent plays an important part in the industries of today. This avenue of sale, the connecting link between the producer and the consumer, is becoming more and more the order and method of trade. The best goods and the most important articles of foreign make are now being controlled in America by what are technically called manufacturers' agents. This sytem of representation enables the importer to obtain his goods at iimanufacturer's prices, without the expenses and loss of time incidental to crossing the ocean. A m leading gentleman engaged in this method of trading is Mr.J.T.Plummer,who has had many years experience in i the cutlery line, and for several years has been agent for prominent Sheffield, (England,) manufacturers, viz: William Hawcroft & Sons, M. Hunter & Son, John Barber and Slack & Grinold. William Hawcroft & Sons' standard "Renown" razors are famed throughout the world as an article of pre-eminent excellence, being manufactured from the finest steel ever produced, and tempered by a secret process, imparting to the steel that degree of hardness, density and tenacity requisite to retain a perfect, fine and durable edge. Messrs. Hawcroft & Sons have been awarded the first prize medals of London and Paris, for excellence of quality of the "Renown" razors. Their steel erasers are also unexcelled. Messrs. M. Hunter & Son's "Hunter's Horn" razors, are also well and favorably known, being of excellent quality. John Barber's "Square and Compass" razors are largely imported, and Slack & Grtnold's "Onward" razors, table and pocket knives, scissors, carvers, steels, erasers, cheese scoops, knife blades, bread, pinning, budding, farriers, artists' pallet knives, butcher knives, &c., are the very finest goods imported, the demand for them constantly increasing. Mr. Plummer is making a specialty of the Razor Blank import trade, and receives orders for Hawcroft, Hunter's, Barber's, Slack & Grinold's, Cadman's "Bengal", George Johnson's, S. Pearson & Co's "Time" Blanks and Hamburg Ringing Hollow Ground, and other Shenield makes. The blanks being concaved here in a superior manner, their importation is grow. ing mqoe and more extensive. They can be furhisbed with the brand of the importer if desired and many avail themselves of this privilege. The great superiority of Sheffield cutlery is recognized in every quarter of the gl be, and Mr. Plummer is to be congratulated upon controlling the representation of these loading manufacturers. Dr. T. Felix Gouraud, Oriental Cream, Fred T. Hopkins, Manager, No. 48 Bond Street.-Dr. T. Felix Gouraud established this business in 1839, and his name is now widely known through the wonderful popularity of his oriental cream or magical beautifier. This preparation purifies as well as beautifies the skin, and removes tan, pimples, freckles, moth-patches, rash and skin diseases, and every blemish on beauty, and defies detection. It has stood the test of overtthirty years, and is so h arml ess weue taste it to be sure the preparation is properly made. Accept no counterfeit of similar name. The distinguished Dr. L. A. Sayre said to a lady of the ha?utton, (a patient:)-"As youl ladies will usethem I recommnend (Goul aud's Cream as the least harmful of all the skin preparations.' One bottle will last six months, using it every day and costs $1.50. The Italian medicated soap is another specialty of this concern. It cures scaly eruptions, salt rheum, erysipelas, ring worms, flesh worim.s, tan, inflamed skin, chafed and chapped face and hands, and is a most delicious shaving compound. Price 35 cents per cake. Besides the foregoing this house also manufactures powdre subtile or depilatory powder, which removes hair from low foreheads, upper I d d t y e x e y d d s 8, n r y NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. iso NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. The Indiana Paint andl Roofing Company, Priorto this date we hadbecomefamiliarwith suchmateNo. 143 Duane Street, New York, and No. 42 South Pennsyl. rials as tin, iron, shingle, tar, gravel, etc. For a season vania Street, Indianapolis, Ind.-The history of this busi- these were serviceable roofings and gave moderate satisnesS goes back to the year 1870, a date which marks the faction while they lasted,'but, like most substances, aquechange wrought in the introduction of rubber roofing. ous and aerial denudationwere too strong for them. The __________ ______________;#~x~;~~$; ~~X;~~~~ The Indiana Paint and Roofing Company's Plan of Roofing. rubberroofing manufactured by this companyis the most durable, effective and economical made. It is suitable for all classes of buildings, climates and conditions, and by all means is believed to be the most serviceable. Since 1870 the advance made.in the introduction of these goods is very marked and reflects honor upon the enterprise and ability of the Indiana Paint and Roofing Co. This roofing costs absolutely less than shingles and is but one half the price of tin or iron. One hundred square. feet of it has a weight of only seventy-five pounds, which makes it the lightest, as well as the cheapest, roofing obtainable. It is supplied ready for use, requires neither tar nor gravel, does not smell in hot weather, does not ab- sorb moisture, is water-proof and well nigh fire-proof. It is in a word the modern and scientific roofing of this advanced age and should come into universal use. Any ordinary artisan can lay it; insurance companies are favorable to it, and will insure it as low as ordinary tin roofing. The abounding success which it has met with from an appreciative public, who echo its merits all throughout the length and breadth of this and other lands, is sufficient proof of its excellence. The Indiana Paint and Roofing Co. are also the manufacturers of a slate roofing paint, made of pure slate flour, for repairing and preserving old shingle and tin roofs. This flour is ground with oil, leads, etc., so as to form an impervious slate covering, and is the only weather and fire-proof paint made. They also make a slate roofing cement, tarred sheathing paper, dry sheathing paper, carpet felt, marbleized slate mantles, grates, tenders, and a variety of kindred articles which have obtained a high reputation for excellence. Possessing ample capital and large manufacturing facilities this company is able to take the lead, as they have done since their inception some fifteen years ago. To ber nearer-the great distributing centre they recently removed their headquarters from Indianapolis, Ind. to New York City. Here they occupy extensive and commodious premises, at No. 143 Duane street, which are taxed to their utmost limit in the storage and handling of a vast stock necessary to be carried to meet the exigencies of the trades demands. Mr. E. J. Smith, a gentleman of ripe business experience and executive ability, looks after the company's interests in this important centre, and at no 181 previous time of the firm's history was their business, notwithstanding the severe competition in the market, in a more prosperous or healthy condition. R~obert Buttlar, Jobber and Dealer in Coffees, Spices, Mustards and Cream Tartar; Office and Salesroom, No. 199 Chambers Street.-The great centre of the American trade in coffees, spices,etc., is admittedly New York City, and the high character and standing of the leading houses engaged in this business are, of course, the best proofs of its magnitude and importance. An essentially representative house identified with this trade is that of Mr. Robert Buttlar, No. 199 Chambers street, which was founded by the present enterprising proprietor in the year 1882, and since its inception at that period the concern has built up an extensive permanent patronage from first-class dealers. The premises occupied as salesrooms are centrally located, commodious and spacious, and are fully stocked with an especially choice assortment of coffees, spices, mustard and cream tartar, also grocers' and bakers' sundries, all of which commodities are unsurpassed for quality and are sold at the lowest market price. Mr. Buttlar imports a most excellent brand of raspberry and cherry syrups, which have a very superior reputation, they being absolutely the pure juice of the fruit. An inspection of the stock in store, and the manner in which the trade is conducted, point at once to a system of order and method that pervade, which must in the nature of things result in permanent advantages to patrons. All goods are received direct, and inducements are offered the trade and consumers difficult to be procured elsewhere. Mr. Buttlar is a native of Germany, but has resided in this country the greater part of his life, and has gained an enviable reputation in the community as a business man of energy and an upright private citizen, disinterestedly active in all movements looking to the advancement of the business interests of the metropolis. This house, as may be inferred, is known for its superior productions, and the high estimation in which it is held by the trade is due to a course of honorable and liberal dealing with its customers since its existence. Its prospects are of the brightest kind. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Benjamin Delahaef, Importer and Manufacturer In no branch of wholesale trade does more Importance of Materials for Artificial Flower Makers, No. 54 West attach to the characterand standing of a business firm Houston Street. —New York has no more progressive than in that of wines and liquors. The public and retel branch of the millinery business than that of the manu- trade demand pure and unadulterated beverages, and facture and importation of materials for the production an establishment where they can purchase with the ofartificial flowers. A prominent houseengaged in this full reliance of having not only the genuine article, but unique business is that of Mr. Benjamin Delahaef, No. also the best brands of directly imported goods is that 54 West Houston street, which was established in 1877 of Messrs. Julius Wile & Bro., of No. 51 Murray street. by the present proprietor, who since that period has ob- The firm began in business in 1877, and is composed of tained a liberal patronage from artificial flower makers, Messrs. Julius and Isaac Wile, gentlemen of practical owing to the quality and excellence of his unsurpassed experience, coupled with an intimate knowledge of materials. For the most part these goods come from the wants of the trade. They occupy a finelyfittedup France, and a:-e imported direct by this reliable house. store, 25x100 feet in dimensions, where are a handsome From Paris Mr. Delahlaef obtains frostings of all colors, sample room and office, while below are dry roomy bronzes,mnetallic powders,rubber tubing,etc., whichare cellars, none too large to accommodate the large unrivalledfor quality byanyother contemporary estab-, stock of wines and brandies constantly carried by lishmentin thiscountry. He hasalsoa specialtyinthe this popular house. The firm make a specialty, (and manufactureoflacepapermuslinandflocktubingspray for which they are justly celebrated), of carrying the and flocked muslin, rubber muslin, and in general very purest and finest brands of foreign wines and what is necessary for the manufacture of artifi- brandies, and are the sole agents in the United States cial flowers. The premises occupied are very corn- for A. Tribot Fils & Co.'s cognac brandies. ('ecognized modious, and are fitted up with every appliance and as perfect liquors), J. Michaelsen & Co.'s Bordeaux facility for the systematic andeconomical conduct of the clarets and sauternes, Widow Vitoria & Son's Port St. business, employment being given to a large number of Mary's sherries, Friedriche Krote's Coblenz Rhine and skilled and experienced operatives. Throughout the Moselle wines, J. J. Melchers, Schidam, Peacock Gin, entire establishment there pervades a system of order, Nassau Selters Mineral Spring Co.. Oberselters, and the that facilitates the transaction of business here con- Anchor Brand Cherry Juice. The above list is botha ducted, and makes the house a pleasant one with which representative and comprehensive one, and dealers to establisth trade relations. All orders are promptly and the public will not fail to appreciate the excel filled, and it is the earnest aim of the proprietor to lence and purity of these brands of goods. merit by the strictest principles of mercantile probity a continuance of the support he has already enjoyed. Mr Wetsl Brothers Importers and Manufacturers o Delahaef is a native of France, but has resided in this Cloaks and Suits, Nos. 9 and 11 White Street.-The firm country for the last twentyone years, and is held in of Welsl Brothers commenced operations in this market high estimation by the comlmunity as a business man of some five years ago, wlhen they began to manufacture on rare energy. The equitable manner in which this bus- their own account. From the begining they have met ness is conducted, as well as the admirable quality and with uninterrupted success, and to-day are found occureliability of the stock are guarantees sufficiently ob- pyingaposition which is exceptional forsoyoung ahouse. rvioeus why customers would do well in placing their They are importers and manufacturers of a very lull vorrs wih thrs wouldd welplacinthmen and a choice line of cloaks and suits. suitable for misses' orders with this responsible establishment. and children's use only. The Weisl Brothers confine Thomas F. Eagan, Steam Printer,No. 158 East 42nd themselves to this special branch of the trade, giving it Street.-There is no branch of the mechanic arts which their exclusive time and attention. The greatest care has attained such a degree of perfection as that of the is bestowed in the matter of the selection of stock, so prints. The metropolis has always been the nation's that only the very best cloths are used. The cutting centre of this great industry. Its typographical artists department is under the supervision of a competent have turned out specimens of work which for beauty and experienced expert, and no trouble or expense is and originality of design and superiority of workman- spared to make the business eminently successful ia ship are unexcelled by the products of all outside com- every particular. Four extensive and commodious petitors. Prominent among the leading job printing floors in the double building, Nos. 9 and 11 White establishments, which has always mantained an excel- street, are taken up in this industry, the whole tuinlsilent reputation for firstlass work is that of Mr. Thomas ing employment to a large number of competent and F. Eagan, No. 158 Efast 42nrd street. He has been estab- trained employes, who are chosen for their proficiency tablished for the past twentry-five years, and isone of in this department of labor. The firm keep at alltimes the best known representatives of the craft in this sec- on the road a number of competent and reliable saletion of the city. For about fifteen years he was located men, to look after the wants of their numerous custoat No. 113 Nassau street, and has occupied his present mres, the jobbing and large retail trade all over the eligible quarters for the past ten years. His estab- United States receiving the attention of the house. lisliment is equipped with a complete assortment of As manufacturers, tley are very highly regarded inthe type, presses and all adjuncts necessary to the trade. trade as making a very fine line of cloaks and suits. He has every facility for executing ball, book and job Samuel B. Ferdon, Iron Works, No. 129 West 31st printing, and all kinds of work in tlli quickest and Street.-This business was established in 1853 at the most aitistic mianner, and at the veiy lowest prices above address and has always enjoyed a prosperous consistenit withl fair and equitable dealing. Mr. Eagan career. Iron fronts for stores and commercial buildings, has laige pti1-oliage which is drawn from leadilg beams, girders, stairs, skylights,shutters, doors, guards, mIercanlile lh,,ies, societies and social organizations. railings and plain and ornamental iron work of every He was the first printer in New York who brought description,are nanufactured from the very best materbefo e the ball ind pic-nic going public the fancy orders ial anti in the most thorough manner. The works are of d(1aning, wl iett still retain the lead among those i spacious and every facility is at hand for the execution who desire neat and tasty designs. of the largest orders. Many fine specimens of this | establishlinents work can be seen throughout the metro Julins WtlE & Bro., Importers of Wines and lrani- uolls, and its products have a standard reputation dies: SttleAg end. il the United States for A. Tribt(t Fils I among otm leading contractors and builders. For & Co., Cognac Iliaudles, J. Michaelsen & Co.'s Bmtdeatix'thirty years MI-. Ferdon, has succeeded in steadily -Clarets and Sauternes, &c., No. 51 Murray Street. —I gainiug favor and patronage 182 N Y business of metal spinning. In 1876 the building of th bridge forced his removal from Cliff street, and his present admirable location at No. 60 Duane street was chosen. This comprises the third and fourth floors, In dimensions 25x60 feet, where every branch of the busi. ness is carried on and a large force of skilled workmen is employed. Mr. Taylor is a manufacturer of all kinds of brass-work, patent gas regulators, gas pressure, guages, fountain jets, Kidd's patent self-generating gas lights, and various other kindred articles. The speciality which has contributed most perhaps to his reputation is that of church chandeliers. These wherever seen are greatly admired for beauty of de. sign and costliness of finish. Mr. Taylor has furnished many churches with his work and among others the Garden City cathedral. His trade extends all over the country, and with his reputation, is constantly Increasing. Mr. Taylor has always been an energetic man of business, scrupulously attentive to the details of hi trade, and given to its improvement in the artistole branch. enegl Te Tube Co., N o. 614 to 626 W est 24th Street.In review ing the man y enterprises that have made New York one o f the c hief centres of business in t he country, it is i nstructive and interesting to note the adv ances that have been made in each of the repres entat ive industries and learn what have been a chieved by enterprise and capital. In looking over the field it is comparatively easy t o see that the manufacturer of iron in its various forms, has excercised a great influence in the metropolis. Prominent among the representatilve conc erns deeply interested in the manufactures of boiler flues, tubes, &c., is the Eagle Tube Co., w hose extensive works are located at Nos. 614 to 626 West 24th street. The officers of the company are Nathan Stephens, president, and John B. Ki tching, general manager and treas urer. The company w as organized some ten years ago, and ha s enjoyed a care er of remarkabl e success, being f avorably k now n for the superiority of it s m anufactures and the promptness with which all o rder s are executed. The extensive work s of the company cover a large area and are provid ed wit h all the necessary and most approved machin ery and m echanica l app oin tments and constant emp loym en t is given to a large number of skilled operatives. In additi on t o the manuf actur e of their c elebrated boiler flues and tubes, they also make hydrau lic an d stay tubes. Their product s are sent all ove r the United States, and have for their pat r ons n early every foreign an d Am er ican steamship company, Mr. Kitching,the able and efficie nt m anag e r, is a nati ve of England, and has b een a re sident of New York for many years; is a director in the Garfield National Bank and a public spirited c itize n enjoying the fullest confidence and respect. of all who know him. Wood & Sellck, Manufacturing Chemists,Importers and Wh olesale Dealers in Bakers' and Confectioners' Supplies, No. 15 Harrison Street.-Of all articles of food which enter into the consumption of daily life, In none is purit y so essenti al a s in bread and kindred productions. T he health of the commeunity is of par amount importance and it is a ma tt er of public in tere st that the various ingr edients which enter into the manufacture of bread, cake, and confectionery, should be absolu tely pure. Among the leading ho uses engaged in the import atio n an d selling of bakers' and confectioner's supplies is that of Messrs. Wood and Selick, who occupy the spacious premises, No. 15 Harrison street. This business was established in 1883, and from a modest beginning has grown to its present large proportions. Messrs. Wood& Selick are manufacturing chemists and importers and wholesale dealers in bakers' and confectioners' supplies. An inspection of the stock in store and the manner in which the trade is conducted, point at once to a system of order and simplicity that pervades every department which must, in the nature of things result in permanent advantages to patrons. Mr. Charles Wood, and Mr. Charles H. Selick, who form the copartnership, have been in the business for many years as practical bakers and manufacturing confectioners, and are expert chemists, thoroughly understanding the business in its every detail. In commercial circles they hold a high position, and are recognized men of strict integrity and sound, well balanced principles. George Taylor, Metal Spinner, No. 60 Duane Street. — Among the ornamental as well as useful industries of/the country is that of metal spinning. It is called into requisition on the building whether of private or public edificess and is bounded in its operations by the Urnms of civilization alone. Of the firms in New York in this line of business, the house of George Taylorha bteen long and favorably known. Mr. Taylor started for himself in 1868, and for many years was located on apstreet, where the excellent style and workmanBkl9 of his articles gained/for him a front place in the Salamander Works, Manufacturers of Fire Brlok and Glazed Sewer and Water Pipes, Office and Depot Nos. 61 and 63 Behune Street.-An important branch of commercial activity, and one deserving of special mention in a review of the leading trade interests of New York, is the manufacture and sale of fire brick and glazed sewer and water pipe, and in this connection we would mention the well known establishment conduoted under the title of the Salamand er Works, at Nos. 61 and 63 Bethune street. The business was established in the year 1825 by Mr. Henry De Case, who conducted It successfully for a long period. In 1871 the present company was incorporated, the officers being Wm. Poillon, President, and C. Poillon, Jr., Secretary. The large factories are located at Woodbridge, New Jersey, from which point the goods are brought to the New York depot for disposal. The office and depot occupy a commodious area and comprise a series of strue tures adapted to the purpose. The line of produce tion includes all kinds and qualities of fire brick, furnace and stove linings, tiles and salt glazed vitrified sewer and water pipe for a great variety of purposes. The goods have a wide celebrity with the trade and the business is large and extended. Th~ active officers in the concern, the Messrs. Poillon, are both energetic business men, and under their enterprising management the trade has developed most prosperous proportions. A. Seaman & Son, Dealers in all kinds of Mask Building Materials, Lime, Lath, Brick, Cement, Plaster, Hair, &c., Foot of Horatio Street, North River, and Mechanics' and Traders' Exchange, No. 198 Broadway. -Messrs. Seaman began business about the year 1865 at the location since occupied. The premises have an area of 100x125 feet. A series ofsheds adjoin the com modious office, in which are stored the various cow modities included in the large and complete stock. A well selected assortment of every conceivable artiecl embraced in the line of masons' building materials is kept constantly on hand, and the firm are prepared aS all times to fill orders by letter, telephone or verbal message at short notice. The business is eligibly located in close proximity to the river, where the firm have a commodious bulk head for receiving and shipping goods. The firm has a membership in the Mechanics' and Traders' Exchange, and during the regular hours can always be communicated with by telephone from that point. Mr. A. Seaman, the senior member of the farm, Is an old and time-honored New York business man. Mr. John H. Seaman, the junior member of the firm, is well-known as a gentleman of superior business ablity, the result of a t horougi practical experience, acquired with hbl f&Uer. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 183 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. has found It necessary to remove from their former quarters ta their more commodious and convenient premises, No. 69 West Broadway, where, with increased facilities they will be able to turn out large orders promptly. We here find them occupying four extensive floors and giving employment to a large number of skilled hands, who are chosen for proficiency in this department of manufacture. The large jobbing trade all over the United States is looked after, and foreign buyers find very desirable stock at this extensive feathe uste r duste r emporium. Th e had of this house is a representative merchant, and a native of the metropols. Chai A. Tte', Florist, Woodlawn.-The occupation of a florist is most entertaining and instructive, and of late years, in consequence of the Increased demand for flowers and floral decorations, has attained a high rank among the industries of New York. The name of Tier will always be worthily associated with the advancement and development of the florist's business, upon a scale of magnitude and importance unsurpassed in the United States or Europe. Mr. Tier is essentially a self-made man, who has risen by his own industry and ability to the foremost position he now occupies in this particular business, and who is noted for the impetus he has given to the education of the public, for the true appreciation of the floral beauties of nature. In 178, Mr. Tier began his business career as book keeper to Messrs. Bliasedill & Burtis, of Woodlawn, the well known granite and marble masons, and continued with them till 1880, when he took sole charge of his fa ther's business,who had the manag ement of decorating Woodlawn ce metery and c aring for lo ts. It s hould be remarked that the land included in Woodlawn cemetery was originally the property of Mr Daniel Tier,who sold it in 1861,to the Trustees,reserving several valuable lots at the t hree entrances,where Mr. Chas.A. Tier prop oses to open flowerestablishments. The premises at present occupied are very spacious and commodious, and comprise six splendid green-houses, which are admirably located in front of Woodlawn cemetery entrance, and contain about eighty thousand rare and beautiful plants, which require the constant service of about fifteen men. Mr. Tier supplies a large demand for all kinds of flowers, including the rarest and most beautiful varieties of foreign and native flowering plants and shrubs, and excels in superb floral decorations. He attends to beautifying cemetery lots aud furnishes promptly and in the best possible style, wreaths, and various emblematic designs for weddings, balls, parties, and also funerals, in new and original conceptions of artistic forms. Ferneries, brackets and hanging baskets, are constantly on hand,and everything connected with this business is carefully and efficiently attended to. In the line of cut flowers, he does a wholesale trade in various towns and cities. In the fall of the present year, Mr. Tier will open a retail depot on Madison avenue, a convenience which his large trade has made *cessary. Such in brief is an outline of this extensive business interest, but it fails to convey an adequate idea of Mr. Tier's distinguished enterprise, nor of the energy and wonderful perseverance characteristic of his efforts, and by means of which from a modest beginning he has built up one of the largest and most representative florist's houses in this country. Personally, he is highly esteemed by the community, and is justly worthy of the great measure of success that has attended his earnest efforts. The history of this reliable house is a pleasant proof, that industry and enterprise will win their way, and that honesty in representation and action is always the best policy. Edward L. MegUl, Inventor, Patentee and Manufacturer, No. 60 Duane Street.-A manufacturer who possesess the inventive faculty himself, and can perfect his own inventions with the aid of ample capital, has a large field for the exercise of his talents in New York. Such a one is the subject of this notice, Mr. Edward L. Megill, the well-known patentee and sole manufacturer of apparatus for feeding and registering sheets, &c., on platen job presses and other specialties. Mr. Megill has been at this location for the last two years. He established the business in Fulton street in 1870, and during the years he was met with gratifying success, extending his trade in all directions as he introduced the several specialties which bear his name. These comprise wire gauge pins, brass gauge pins, adjustable steel gauge pins, spring tongue gauge pins, extension feed guides, lightning sheet adjusters,radiating sheet supporters, parallel feed guides and generally apparatus for feeding and registering sheets on platen job printing presses. In addition to the above, he is also the inventor and patentee of several other useful machine for other purposes, which are in use in all parts of the country. The whole of the second floor at No. 60 Duane street, 22x60 feet, is given up to the manufacture of these articles, Mr. Mcgill confining himself exclusively to those of his own inventive skill. As a matter of course he has attained great celebrity as a patentee, his inventions being highly useful in the trade and found in every large printing establishment in the country. Mr. Mcgill is a most diligent business man,devoting himself entirely to his own immediate affairs. Hisskill, energy and general capacity have made him a noted man, and given him a standing in the business and social world which is a flattering testimony to his personal worth. M.. J. Chae & Co., Manufacturers of Ladie s' F ine H and-made B oots, S hoes and S lippers, No. 12 West 36th Street.-Among the many esta blis hments in this line is s that of Messrs. M. J. Charde & Co., whose factory is located at No. 122 West 36th street, and although a new enterprise, this house is rapidly building up a pe rmanent trade. M essrs. M. J. Charde and Jno. Hosey, who comprise the firm, are gentle men of ample experience and ability, and are well known to the trade as ).aliabie and energetic business men. Their factory is large and equipped with all the new and most improved tools. A large force of skilled workmen are employed in the pr o duction of lad i es' fine ha nd-mae boots, shoe s a nd slippers, in which the very best material is used. Among the specialties of this firm are ornamental work, steel shanks, and the Castilian instep, which makes their goods attractive and very saleable. The firm have recently opened a retail depot at No. 685 Sixth avenue. Possessing as they do a thorough knowledge of the public taste, and every facility'or manufacturing on a large scale, they are boi-d to attain a prominent position in the front rank of our successful producers, and securc a large and profitable wholesale and retail business IL B. Tin dal & Co., Manufacturers of Feather Dusters, No. 69 West Broadway.-This is &house of compa ratively late formation, although Mr. Tindall has had a le ngthened and thorough experience extending over a period of twenty years, and in every de part ment o f the business, he is most intimately conversant. Messrs. R. B. Tindall & Co, are extensive manufacturers of all kinds of ostrich feather dusters, including bell, parlor and picture dusters, and of every grade asod variety in all the sizes of turkey dusters, making of these goods one of the most fuill and diversified to be found in the city of New York, and offered at prices which wi'l at once be convincing to the trade as being the lowest the market affords. Owing to the rapid development of this manufacturing industry the firm of Tindall & Co.. 184 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. experience, and who has pushed the business with commendable energy and success. He was connected with M r. Miller's establishment fr om 1858, on through the long period of twenty-six years, and throughout, faithfully devoted his attention to perfecting himself in every branch of the art. His services were highly esteemed and duly appreciated by Mr. Miller, and since becoming proprietor of the business himself, he has continued to develop it in all departments in point of excellence and superiority of workmanship. His establishment was for sixteen years located at the corner of Broadway and Cedar street, and has been situated in the present eligible quarters for the last four years. Here Mr. Dohm has a complete establishment comprising presses, type and lithographing materials, the machinery being driven by an engine of sixteen horse-power on the premises. Mr. Dohm does all classes of fine work, not only for the trade, but likewise for banking and brokerage firms, insurance companies and other corporations, in a style of merit and substantial elegance unsurpassed in this city. Lord's Cleaning and Dyeing, 15th Street, first door from Broadway, Opposite Tiffany's.-One of the leading establishments in this line of business is that of Lord's, 15th street, near Broadway. He has been in business about thirty years and controls a large and influential patronage. A speciality is made of cleaning and dyeing the finest fabrics in the most artistic manner. The many years of practical experience enables the house to execute the finest work that would be impossible for less skilled hands to do, possessing every facility, employing only the very best workmen. The establishment is well known to the ladies of New York as standing at the head. No better evidence of the leading position occupied by this house, than the fact that its trade extends over the greater part of the United States, and derived from the best class of people only. The main office and showrooms on;Fifteenth street, are elegantly fitted up,and display many artistic specimens of work. Branch offices are located at 668 Sixth avenue, and 111 and 113 Eighth avenue. The proprietor is an energetic busness man, promp, and reliable in all transactions. P. RB. ]onard, Importer of French China and Bohemian Glassware, No. 18 Murray Street; European Agency at No. 46 Route de Paris, Limoges.-This busines was founded some thirty years ago, and has ever maintained a thoroughly representative position in the American import trade. Mr. Leonardis known far and wide only to be respected for his honorable and equitable methods, and has developed a trade, whose character and magnitude indicate the large measure of confidence reposed in him by the trade generally. Mr. Leonard's fine establishment is eligibly and centrally located at No. 18 Murray street, close to Broadway. He occupies the whole four upper floors of the building, and carries what is admittedly a fine stock of French china and Bohemian glassware, in fact, Mr. Leonard's facilities in the European markets enable him to secure all the latest achievements and novelties at the earliest moment, and the splendid exhibit in his show rooms, affords abundant proof of his ability to supply the finest class of the American trade. Mr. Leonard has long had an agency established in Limoges, the central point for the manufacturers of that class of French china, which both in point of pure quality and elegant and artistic decoration, has held an unrivalled position in the markets of the world. Mr. Leonard's stock of Bohemian glassware is equally on a par with his French china as regards its excellent qualities. The trade of this reliable old house has permanently extended to every important centre of the country, requiring the services of a number of salesmen upon the road, and has developed to proportions of great magnitude. The James Cement Co., Manufacturers of Rosendale Hydraulic Cement, Office, No. 41 Dey Street.Among the various extensive and growing industries which exercise an important influence on our general trade, there is none perhaps occupying a mqre useful position than the cement trade. The enormous consumption of this valuable article has led to the investment of large capital in its manufacture, and as for almost every other article of commerce, New York is the great market and distributing point. Prominent among the leading producers is the James Cement Company, whose offices are at No. 41 Dey street. They are manufacturers of the world-famed Rosendale Hydraulic Cement, which for strength and durability is unexcelled. This company was organized in 1870, and snce its incpon has enjoyed a prosperous career. The mill is loI on Rondout Creek, opposite Wilbur, N.Y., and gives employment to a large force of skilled workmen. The product of this company is too well known to need praise in this work. Mr. J. B. James, the president of the company, is a gentleman of long experience in this line. He is well known in commercial circles as a man of sound judgment and strict integrity. Hugo Hohenstein, Representing Max Krause,of Berlin, and Hohenstein & Lange, of Berlin, Manufacturers of Lamp and Candle Shades of every description, No. 4Murray Street.-Mr. Hohenstein is the American repro, sentative of the great Ber lin hou se of Hohensten & Lange, who are prop r ietors of one of the largest tactorles in Europe for the manufacture of every description of lamp and candle s hades. Their factory was foun ded i n 1875, and is located in Prinzen Allee, No. 84, in th e northern section of the city of Berlin, and wh er e they employ a force of about 200 han ds, a nd turn out enor mous quantities of lamp shades, candle shades of every description in paper, lineniand silk; likewise flower pots, laces for paper boxes, edges for boxes, (cartonnage), and de arioud.r Hentiis sother ancy oods. hese oods are the reognized standards all through the best circles of the trade .n London, Berlin, Paris and New York. The firm's Paris office is located at No. 22 Rue Richer, while Mr. Hugo Hohe nstein personally represents the inte rests of the house in America. At his fine establishment in Murray street, can be see n a full line of these b eautiful goods and which are universal favorites throughout the trade, the sales having already attained proportions of great magnitude. Mr. Hohenstein is also the American representative of Max Krause, of Berlin, manufacturer ot paperteries in vast variety, the quality of the stationery being excellent. He likewise produces the most elegant and artistic menu, Christmas and New Year's cards, and which have had a great demand from our appreciative public. Herman Doer, Lithographer,Engraver and Printer, No. 41 Beaver Street.-The important branch of mercantile activity cm sed under the hi~ ot t vpbTago and printing, has had wmon derful and creditale development in the metropolis. Prominent among those members of the trade who have,in a very marked degree, contributed to the high standing and fcilites of the busines, is Mr. erman Dohm, of No. 41 aver street. He is the direct successor to Mr. Peter Miller, so well known and highly respected in commercial circles, and who is absolutely the oldestlithographerinthecity. He founded this business early in the thirties, and was burned out in the historic fire of 1835 which swept all the best section of New York. Mr. Miller proved himself a business man of unusual talent and energy, and speedily attained to the head of his profession, and continuing active in it until to 1878,when he retired,and was succeeded by Mr. Herman Dohm, a gentleman of practical I 185 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. city, or employ a man on the road to build up this immense trade, as it is well known among dealers that they are practical manufacturers, and personally attend to the production of every piano in all its deter Their new three stringed upright tmtruments cannot be excelled by any in the market for tone, beauty and style, either at home or abroad, and must be seen to be appreciated. Every piano employed undergoes a thorough examination by experts, who are under the immediate supervision of the proprietors, and so rigid are the tests applied, that every instrument made by the firm may be said to be as near perfection, as art can make it. The pianos of this company have a national reputation, and sales are effected all over the United States and Canada. Mr. C. D. Pease is a native of Worthington, Mass., and has resided in this city for the last twenty years, having been brought up with the firm of Boardman & Gray. J. T-rgsa & Co.,Importers of and Dealers in Religious Articles of all Kinds; Engravings, Lithographs, &c., No.41 Barclay Street, and No. 46 Park Place.-The name of Messrs. J. Turgis & Company, is not only a household word among the devout and art loving citizens of America, but has long been a prominent and respected me In the city of Paris, where Mr. Louis Turgis represents the concern, and where the house was originally founded over fifty years ago. Even the most casual inspection of their immense establishment in Barclay street, (extending as it does entirely through the block for 150 feet to Park Place,) convinces the observer of the magnitude and completeness in every detail of their valuable, choice and rare stock of religious articles, &c., and where the hands of religion and art have clasped in the firm embrace of a worshipping humanity. In art circles, the firm has long been prominent for its well directed enterprise, and an inspection of its gallery of oil paintings, and series of lithographs and engravings of religious subjects gives gratifying evidence of the cultared t aste and a pp reciation of the use of the highest talen ts of the p ain ter and eng rav er as applicable to religious illu stration. In the various departments of their large establi shment can be found c arved and plain rosaries of every description; gold and silver medals, all manufactured of coin, and warranted by the French Government to be pu re i n quality; pur e uesilver medalions, pure s ilver crosses in over 115 different s tyles; brass crosses, reliq uaries, bone, ivory and bronzed crucifixes, small candl estick s for alters, candelabras, holy water fonts, rosary cases, best wax candles, including their popular hydraulic p ress ed c and l es, undoubtedly far superior to any o ther offered in the market; pure Incense, French artificial char coal fo r censers, whi c h ignites as easily as punk, giving neither flame, smoke nor odor, and never extinguishes, until shut off from the air. In the firm's dep artment of engravings and lithographs, w e fin d an inexhaus tible var iety, guaranteed to cover ev ery w ant and tast e, and the means of all purchasers. There are series after series of chromo pictures, giving cstorical views of Jesus, Mary, the Saints, Emblems, &c., altar cards, also stations of the Holy Cross, which are (many of them) l arge works of art and ad re supplied with frames at moderate prices; alt ar cards in the line of printeto be framed, the stock is enormous, covering every phase and feat ure of the Catholic Faith, inclu d ing the true portrait of every saint in the church, the whole forming the largest and fine st col lec tion of pictures for the price ever pub lished. In their second series, is a complete lis ust of bust pictures of the saints, 168 lithograp hs from the best masters, f orm s a striking feature of interest; there is also their popular Gallerie Religieuse and small and large crayon studios and groups of religious subjects; in English and German prayer books, their stoek is o ne of the largest and most complete in New York, whil e it i s decidedly the finest in rich and rare b indings, ranging in prices from plain clo th binding at twenty cents, up to elaborately finished morocco, bevelled boards, gold-rims, panelled, &c., at $6 and upwards. To churches, missions, schools or communities the firm offers a large and handsomly got up catalogue and price list, from which selections can be made, and at prices plainly fixed at the lowest rates. J. B. Kaiser, Manufacturer and Importer of Fancy Papers, No. 224 to 232 West 26th Street.-A review of the mercantile and manufacturing Interests of the metropolis necessitates a mention of the house of Mr. J. B. Kaiser whose extensive manufactory is located at No. 224 to 232 West 26th street, and who has been in business since 1865. Mr. Kaiser has done much to advance the interests of the tra de by the introduction of many improvements and artistic novelties in the manufacture of fancy papers. His factory is substantially constructed and is equipped with all the most improved machinery and appliances. All that inventive skill can produce is at hand and brought into requisition in the various processes through which the paper passes. For beauty and originality of design, superiority of color work and finish,the paper made at this establishment is unequalled. Mr. Kaiser is also an extensive importer of choice European fandy papers. His trade extends all over the country, and is constantly increasing under judicious management. Mr. Kaiser is in every respect a self-made man, he having began his commercial career with little save push, pluck, and a determination to succeed. That his efforts have been well directed is evinced by the splendid business he now controls. He has accomplished this by years of energetic work, coupled with honorable straight forward, commercial methods,and he is classed to-day among our most substantial merchants. Manhattan Rolling Mill, John Leonard, Manu - facturer of Hors e Sh o e Iron, Toe Calk Steel, Nos. 445 to 451 West Street, and N os. 177 and 179 Bank Street.-The importance of the ir on trade as a national industry, and the great in fluenc e exer t ed through its num erous tributary interests upon the great general trade is so well known as to obviate the necessi ty fo r entering into a long account in detail. The large establishment conducted by Mr. John Leonard, under the title of the "Manhattan Rolling Mill," is located at No. 445 to 451 West street, and extends L shaped to 177 and 179 Bank street, with a frontage of 50 by a depth 100 feet on each or an aggregate area of 100x200 feet. A speci.al feature of the business is the manufacture of horse shoe iron and toe calk steel, in connection with which the establishment has gained a most desirable reputation with the trade. A large force of skilled workmen is employed in the general production and the trade is large and widely extended. Mr. Leonard, the proprietor, is a gentleman of many years practical experience in the iron trade. About twenty years ago he established the scrap-iron business in a fine location adjoining the present establishment, which he conducted most profitable until three years since,when he erected the rolling mill to which he has since devoted his attention, although still retaining an interest in the old business with his son and successor. C. D. Peas e & Co., M anufact u rers of Piano-Fortes, Nos. 318, 320 and 322 West 43rd Street.-A prominent house engaged in the manufacture of these instruments is tha t of Messrs. C. D. P eas e & Co., whic h wa s e stablished in 1873,and has now increased to such an extent, that over 3000 pianos are manufactured per annum. They occupy a fine eight-story brick manufactory, on West 43rd street, that for convenience and arrangements throughout, cannot be excelled by any in thjs or any other country. They have never had to leave the 186 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 187 years' consumers, and altogether the trade done by them is very extensive and satisfactory. In th is market the standing of the house is very good, possessing as it doe s, i t s cnie confidenet and c redit andls the well wishes of many trade acquaintances. D. Ross, Florist, No. 525 Fifth Avenue.-A promil nent house e ngaged i n this tr ade is that of Mr. D. Ross, No. 525 Fifth avenue, which was established in 1869. In 1882 Messrs. D. & P. Ross succeeded to the business and continued it till 1884, when Mr. P. Ross retired, leaving Mr. Duncan Ross sole proprietor. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious, and elegantly fitted up for the display of the beautiful assortmen t of cut flowers and exotics. For decorations at weddings, balls, parties, church festivals and funerals, the products of this house are known for attractiveness of style and artistic arrangement, and the rarity, beauty and fresh. ness of the flowers supplied, together with the reasonable prices charged, render this establishment one of the most popular in the city. The greenhouses are located at Broadway Station,Flushing,L. I., and are completely fitted up with all the latest improvements for the propagation and cultivation of the rarest flowers and shrubs. Ferneries, brackets and hanging baskets are always on hand, and everything connected with the business is carefully and efficiently attended to by the proprietor. Mr. Ross is a native of Scotland but has resided in this country the greater part of his life. The house is prepared with all the necessary facilities and resources to promptly execute all commission or orders. John ]i Haines, Plumber, Steam and Gas Fitter, etc., No. 201l 83d Street.-The old established and popular bouse of Mr. John R. Haines was founded by the father of the present proprietor in 1841, and was conducted by him with great skill and success till 1870, when he died, and his son succeeded to the business. Mr. John D. Aa, the founder, was greatly esteemed by a large circle of friends and acquaintances, in consequmee of his many excellent qualities of mind and a d inflexible int,rty, and his death was deeply lamented and left a vacancy very difficult to fill. The premises occupied are very commodious and are completely stocked with an excellent selection of plumbers' steam and gas fitters' supplies, including water-closets, baths, wash basins, copper boilers, double and singleaction lift and force pumps, hydraulic rams, etc. Everything in the way of plumbing, ventilating, roofing, team and gas fitting, is executed in the most workmanlike manner at moderate prices. Contracts are entered into and the complete fitting up of buildings of all kinds is satisfactorily arranged. In sanitary plumbing, the speciality of this house, on the perfect performance of which so much of the health of the community depends, an active and practical experience is certainly an element to secure confidence. Such an experience is that of Mr. Haines, which being combined with all necessary facilities, readily accounts for the popularity of the house among builders and property owners and has gained for it a constantly increasing trade. Mr. Haines has obtained twelve medals from the American Institure Fair, as the inventor of the Eureka garden pump and cattle syringe, which are unrivalled for utility and excellence, and were used by the United States army during the civil war. They are now in constant use in the Second and Third avenue horse car stables and many other extensive establishment and are unsurpassed for durability and usefulness. He fitted up the Khedive's house in Egypt and is the only artisan who has done such work in the Orient. J. Blan, Manufacturer of Ladies' and Misses' Cloaks and Jerseys, No. 187 Church Street.-For the past sixteen years, Mr. J. Blan has been located in this market as a manufacturer. This fact of itself is sufficient endorsement'f the character and standing of this house. Beginning in a modest, yet solid way, Mr. Blan has been Successful in building up a valuable and far extending patronage, which is a just reward to the ability and untiring efforts put into the management of this business. The special features of the manufacture of this house are ladies' and mI' cloaks and jerseys, of which garments Mr. Blan makes a very comprehensive and varied line, embracing all classes and varieties of the same, from the cheapet to the most expensive and elaborate. The most careful attention is given to the selection of stock used in the various departments of this manufacture; the frm's connections and ample capital enabling them, in their connections with the best mills, to handle the very best materials which money can purchase. The different departments are under the management of competent and experienced heads; the whole being under the direct supervision and control of Mr. Blau personally. It may be here said to the just credit of this house, that in the matter of fit and finish, every garment turned out by them is guaranteed to be thoroughly satisfactory. Mr Blan occupies in this extensive manufacturing industry, two capacious and well equipped floors at No. 187 Church street, between White and Franklin streets, which are taxed to their utmost capacity in the storage and handling of a heavy stoek. TV~ house caters to the very best and largest jobbing and retail trade all over the United States. It is a well known and popularly known house in the west, as well as in the east and south. In New Orleans and in the extreme western coast (San Francisco) they have many T. C. Chegwidden & Co., Coffees, Teas and Spices No. 167 Hudson Street.-About twenty-one years ago this house was established in a comparatively small way, and during the years which have elapsed, it has grown to be one of the leading concerns of its kind in the city, with a trade extending throughout the United States and Canada, and with a very large city and near-by connection. This result has been brought about by the energy, enterprise and capable management of Mr. Chegwidden, and is also owing to the fact that no pains are spared to have the goods sold first-class in every respect. The stock carried is large, comprising the choicest coffees,teas, and spices, and the coffee roasting department is one of the finest known to the trade, the latest and most approved appliances being utilized. The premises occupied are very commodious, and a large force of the most skilful operatives obtainable is constantly employed, the utmost attention, as hw been said, being given to perfection of manufacture. Under the title of Franklin Mills, they have a wide and eni able reputation, and the gentlemen at the head of the concern are in the first rank of reputable citizens and substantial business men. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 187 0 S. Wolf, Up-town Wholesale and Retal Painters' SW ply Store, No. 741 Ninth Avenue.-The old established and well-known house of Mr. S. Wolf, wholesale and retail dealer in painters' supplies, to one of the I g features of Ninth avenue. He has been actively engaged in this business for the past twenty yam, and is personally known to almost every painter tn New York. Mr. Wolf has been at his present location since he started, and he now occupies the entire building. He carries a large stock of varnishes, white-leads, window glass, brushes, and every description of painter's supplies, and does a wholesale and retail business, selling at Uw lowest market price. Nearly all the leading jointing establishments up-tovrn receive their supplies from Mr. Wolf. He owes much of his success in bqw iness to the liberal, honorable, and straight-forward .system which has characterized his transactions. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. tion of the business, employment being given to about forty-five skilled and experienced mechanics. The Central Iron Works have made a specialty of artistic designs and ornamental iron work for building purposes, the handsome balconies on the Police Gar building being an example of their work. They also manufacture all kinds of iron work for building purposes and are the sole makers of the patent Dana fire escape, and the Mott fire escape, stand pipes, railings, bridges, bank vaults, columns, girders, iron doors and shutters, etc. All the work they do is unsurpassed for quality, workmanship and durability, by those of any other contemporary establishment. A speciality is made of patented Dunn and Mott fire escapes, which are approved of by the inspector of buildings, commended by the fire commissioners and insurance companies generally, and are fire escapes, ladders and alarms combined. Mr. Wm. S. Andrews,the proprietor of the works, was for several years a representative in the States Legislature and during his term of offee, he proved himself to be a faithful public man, always zealous and watchful of the best interests and welfare of his fellow citizens. James Boyd & Sons, Manufacturer of Ladies' Fine Shoes, No. 73 Thomas Street.-The history of this well iknown and popular concern goes back to the year 1866, when they became organized in this market, commenc ing under the firm name of Barrows & Boyd. The former member retired in 1877, then Mr. Boyd continuing alone until January 1, 1884, when he admitted his two sons into the co-partnership, it now embracing Mr. James Boyd,the senior member, and Messrs. George and William Boyd. They occupy a leading place among the shoe manufacturers of this city, and are accorded aposition of excellence in ladies' shoes of a very superior class. Particular attention is given to the selection of material used in this manufacture, the highest price being paid to the principal tanners, both in this country and in Europe, for the best stock they are able to produce. In the cutting department, which is under the direct supervision of the house, every diligence is exercised to reject any imperfect part, so that only such leather is used as the firm can guarantee in every instance. The firm employs a large number of competent and experienced workmen, many of whose services they have retained for years, so that the trade will find, that for superiority of workmanship, durability of material used, combined with elegance of style, cut and finish, that the goods turned out by this excellent house are well nigh perfect. From St. Paul, Minn., to Portland, Me., the firm of James Boyd & Sons is well-known and justly enjoy a liberal and valuable patronage. Their make of shoes received awards at the Centennial Exposition in 1876, and the American Institute in 1873-74. They cater more especially to the better class of retail trade all over the country, and in all the large centres of population their goods are well-known. The senior member of this house, who is now in his sixty-fifth year, is a native of Canada. His sons, Messrs. George andWilliamBoyd, respectively, thirty-eight and thirty years of age, have been successful in largely developing this business. GermantIa Knitting Works, Wm. Reichman, Proprietor, No. 260 Canal Street.-This well known and popular firm which was formerly located at No. 69 West Broadway, has found it necessary to remove to more commodious premises, owing to their rapidly developing tade, and in this they have been fortunate in securing very eligible and desirable premises at No. 260 Canal street, where they are now continuing uninterruptedly the manufacture of a full and extensive line of men's and ladies' fine cardegan jackets in woolen, worsted, and merino goods. This excellent house, which two years ago succeeded Mr. Max. Wolf, has been rapidly coming to the front as leaders in this line, and the results are highly creditable to the ability and enterprise of the management. The jobbing and large retail trade all over the country is primarily sought after. In the new premises occupied by the Germania Knitting Works, they have facilities for the accommodation of twice the machinery and stock heretofore occupied by them, so that the trade can depend upon the filling of all orders promptly. The head of this enterprise is still a young man in his thirtieth year, and from the success which he has already achieved,it is expected that an exceptionally bright and successful future awaits him. Hende rson & Stoutenborojhu Man ufacturers a House Furnishing Goods, Hot el and Steamsh ip Supplies, Nos. 270 and 272 P earl Street.-About thirty-eight years ago this house was es tablished u nder th e style a nd title of Benham & Whit n ey, who w ere succeeded b y the firm of Atwater, Benham & Co. Subsequently Mr. X. Stoutenborough, who ha d been a clerk with the old house of Benham & Whitney, in 1850 associated hims, f with Mr. J. D. Henderson, and thes e gent lemen everltually obtained contr ol o f the busines s u nder the firm name of Henderson & Stoutenborough. The reputation of the house was solidly established by the original founders, and i t has been maintain e d, a nd eve n e nhanced by the present proprietors, who are possessed of extended experience, ripe judgment, and that push and enterprise so essential to success. Among the important specialties manufactured by the firm is the Pacific Incubator, a very simple, serviceable and low priced machine, which is very highly spoken of by competent authorities. It is both impracticable and unnecessary to give in detail the numerous articles manufactured by this house, as the list includes every description of metal house furnishing goods. The firm is one of the largest manufacturers in the trade and their goods are much sought after by large buyers, both for their standard quality and the excellence of their workmanship and finish. The premises occupied are very large, consisting of an entire building five stories in height, conveniently arranged for the attainment of the greatest effectiveness in the different departments. Pv. W. Schoonmaker, Pharmacist, No. 141 East 42nd Street.-The establishments of which Mr. F. W. Schoon. maker is proprietor are among the finest drug stores in the metropolis. He has been established in the retail drug business for the past fifteen years, at No. 141 East 42nd street and also has a branch store at No. 821 Seventh avenue. As to location and class of trade these stores have always held a representative position, a favorite with the best people who are large and steady buyers. The fixtures and show cases are elegant and got up in good taste, harmonizing with the general fine effect. The stock is large and complete, embracing a full line of drugs and medicines of every description, to. gether with a complete assortment of all the standard patent medicines. Special attention is given to the accurate compounding of physicians' perscriptions, and a fine trade in this important branch is the principle feature of the concern, while in toilet articles and perfumery the assortment is complete. Mr. Schoonmaker, the enterprising proprietor,is a gentleman widely known and esteemed. Centrald Iro n Works, Artisti c and Ornam ental Iron Work, Fire Escapes, Stand Pipes, Railings, &c., &c., Factory and Offlce, No. 323 East 22nd Street.-In this connection the attention of our readers is directed to the Central Iron Works, No. 323 East 22nd street, of which Mr. Wm. S. Andrews is the proprietor. [The premises occupied are very commodious and comprise two spacious floors 30x100 feet in dimensions, admirably arranged and equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances necessary for the prosecu lss NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. ers, pulleys, Sturtevant blowers, vises, belting, and in fact all appliances that enter into use in the mechanical world. The products handled by this company have a world-wide reputation, and are triumphs of inventive genius and mechanical skill. The business done by the company covers a vast territory, and is steadily increasing under a judicious and far-sighted management. Carl A. Evertz, Manufacturer of Sample Cards, No. 43 Walker Street.-In a large manufacturing city . like New York the manufacturer of sample cards, cases and boxes fulfils a most important function. We live in an age when the choice and attractive way in which samples and goods are shown is almost as important a feature as the quality of the goods themselves. One of the most reliable and competent houses engaged in the manufacture of sample cases and kindred stock in this market is that of Mr. Carl A. Evertz, which was established in 1873 under the firm name of William Everts & Brother. From a small beginning, through enterprise, ability and - -constant attention to business, Mr. Evertz has brought this manufacture to a plane of perfec tion. His line of goods embraces everything in the way of sample cards, sample cases, covers, boxes, and all articles adapted for the use of - commercial travellers, a special feature being ade of the mounting of samples of Hamburgs, embroideries, laces, braids, buttons, etc., and the manufacture of novelties in fancy leather goods, bookbinding, gilding, etc., the factory possessing cutting machines, embossing presses, punching A and eye-letting machines, and all the various ap i pliances and tools needed in this business, the whole furnishing employment to upwards of thirty hands, who are chosen for their profi ciency in this department of industry. As one -imight suppose, the trade done by this enterprising concern is an extensive one, reaching to all parts of the United States. The head of this enterprise is a young, able, energetic man, who is likely to still increase this trade to the benefit and interest of his numerous friends and patrons. We may add that the prices quoted by Mr. Evertz are as low as good and substantial work can be done for by any similar manufacturing establishment in New York. manner with all the new and approved machinery and appliances, and employ a large force of workmen, manufacturing many excellent brands of cigars. They are also importers of choice foreign cigars, and do an extensive business which extends to all points in the country. The firm is composed of the following gentlemen: Messrs. Joseph Powell, Ernest Wenigmann and George J. Smith, names that are well and favorably known to the trade. They are enterprising young business men who are condlucting their affairs on sound commercial principles. The George Place llachinery Conpany, iron and Wood-Working Machinery of every Description, No. 121 Chambers Street and No. 103 Reade Street.Throughout the United States New York City is the recognized centre of all business interests, and so important is this fact that all the prominent manufacturers of the country are here represented by responsible and energetic agents. This is particularly true in regard to machinery, and among the leading and representative concerns engaged in this trade is the George Place Machinery Company, whose spacious salesrooms are at No. 121 Chambers street, extending through to No. 103 Reade street. This business was established in 1865 by Mr. George Place, and afterwards it became George Place & Co. The busi1ess is now under the name of The George Place Machinery Company, the executive being Cornelius Van Brunt and George Place, men whose names have long been f amiliar to th e comm ercial world. The compan y handle some two hundred different styles and kinds of machinery for iron and wood-working purposes. They also deal extensively in patent cold-rolled shafting, hang John Hiscox, Fish and Oyster Market, No. 1016 Third Avenue; House, No. 218 61st Street.-A leading house in this line is that of Mr. John Hiscox, who established this concern in 1854. Beginning business on a small scale, his trade has now grown;to be a successful one of its kind, requiring considerable capital and the services of numerous assistants. Oysters and clams are being daily received fresh from the beds at all seasons of the year, and these are sol d in quanti t ie s to the trade and to private f amilies. He keeps a lways on hand in suitable refrigerators a large supply of fish of all kinds, which are sold at the lowest market rates. He makes a specialty of Princess Bay oysters and other well known kinds, that are taken from the rivers and bays on the Long Island and New Jersey shores, including Blue Points, Rockaways, East Rivers, Shrewsburys, Morris Coves, Little Silvers, etc. Mr. Hiscox is a native of England and has resided here for the last thirty years. His long experience in the business and superior judgment in the selection of stock eminently justify the strong hold he has obtained upon the patronage of the residents in this vicinity. I i I i i 189 190 NEW YORK'S LEADING IN J J. H. Walden, Commission Merchant and Man. facturer and Dealer in Oils, No. 29 Hubert Street.This business was established some years ago, under the firm name of J. H. Walden & Co., but Mr. Walden, has now assumed entire control. The trade of the house has annually increased until it now ranks among the leading and best known in its line, and this prosperity is the result of Mr. Walden's thorough knowledge of the business, and close personal attention to the promotion of the interests of his correspondents. The special lines carried are lubricating and tanners' oils. for which Mr. Walden has secured a very large trade, and the stock carried is one of the largest and best ini the city. He exports largely to South America, and also conducts an extensive trade with the Western States. The house enjoys extensive storage facilities and employs a large force of men both in its factories and warehouses. The characteristics which regulatethe business policy of the house are such as to entitle it to universal consideration, and the extent of its operations has made it very prominent in New York, while the inducements offered to purchasers are of the most advantageous character. Mr. Walden is a gentleman of extended experience, and is highly esteemed and respected for his strict probity by a large mercantile circle in the various States of the Union, and justly enjoys the confidence and good wishes of the community as a sound business man and an upright citizen. The Art Printing Establishment, No. 30 Bond. Street.-We have had occasion to remark in another portion of this work that New York is undergoing considerable transformation in the matter of certain line& of trade becoming more and more localized in specified localities. This is especially true concerning Bond, street and the adjoining thoroughfares running parallel to it, which is rapidly becoming the centre of the publishing houses. The Art Printing Establishment of which Mr. W. H. Williams is sole proprietor, is to be found here. This is a regular steam press printing establishment, where the work turned out is done in the best known processes of the art of printing, and where the greatest care and closest supervision are used in all the manipulation of a first-class printing house. For twenty-five years Mr. Williams has been acquiring the' experience which to-day places him in the foreground, as one of the best mechanical printers in New York. He is a native of Brooklyn and is well versed in the way commercial printing should appear. The premises oocupied by him at No. 30 Bond street, are commodiousand well arranged, and are supplied with the latest improved and best machinery known in the trade. Berton & Nickel, Masons and Builders, No. 422 East 23d Street.-Messrs. Berton & Nickel furnish plans and estimates for buildings of every description, and make contracts for all kinds of work in their line of business,and, are prompt in whatever they undertake, and guarantee all the workmanship performed by them to give entire satisfaction at the lowest possible rates. They make a speciality of boiler setting and engine foundations and deai,ii boler fronts, grate bars, boiler doors, and vari ous cStings, also fie brick, clay and kaolin, arch flame plates and cheek blocks. Messrs Berton & Nickel are agent. for Jarvis' patent furnace for steam boilers, which is considered one of the most useful and economical inventions ever offered to the public. One of the most important advantages gained by the Jarvis' furnace is the large increase made in the power of the boilers, in generating more steam and in a very much quicker manner, that no invention has ever caused such a revolution in the construction of boiler furnaces a. the Jarvis' patent, and over 200 boilers have been set with it. The individual members of this firm arec Messrs. C. A. Burton and F.A. Nickel, who are thor oughly familiar with every detail of boiler setting. John F. Jurgo#, Merchant Tailor, No. 75 West Broadway.-Engaged in the business of a merchant tailor Mr. John F. Jurges has for the past ten years been building up an excellent name and reputation. He occupies elegant and desirable premises at No. 75 West Broadway, which are neatly fitted up and arranged according to the requirements of his trade. Mr. Jurges is a thorough practical man, who understands in every detail this business, and in the cutting of a fine dress eeat, a good many of our down-town merchants well know that Mr. Jurges is a thorough and expert hand. A well-selected stock of c lot hs are always kept on hand sothat customers can m ake their own selection direct from piece goods. The subject of this sketch is a native of Germany, and is now in his 53d year. He is a pleasant gentlema n, pos sessing the characteristics of his social and thrifty race, and one of the leading merchan t tailor s of lower New York. Hfenry Maurer, Manufacturer of Fire Brick, Office and Depot, No. 420 East 23rd Street.-This enterprise waa established by the present proprietor in 1836, and the works at Perth Amboy, New Jersey, are well known as the largest and most important of their kind in the United States, and are so complete that Mr. Maurer's facilities for executing orders promptly are unsurpassed. Intricate work consisting of irregular shapes, requirtng skill and long experience, is specially solicited. The products of the house comprise fire bricks of all shapes and sizes for rolling mills, oil works, blast furnces, cupolas, glass, steel and copper works, etc. Every care is taken in the manufacture of these articles, and the best and latest improvements are at all times adopted by Mr. Maurer in their manufacture. The shipping facilities are unequalled by rail and water, having direct connections as follows, and tracks leading into the works,viz.; Central Railroad of New Jersey, Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, Lehigh Valley and Pennsylvania Railroad, making junctions with all other roads in New York and New Jersey; also by water to all points reached in the United States and South America without rehandling. Over one hundred men are employed, and the bricks, etc., manufactured here have been made use of in the Mills Building, Produce Exchange Metropolitan Opera House, and others. Mr. Maurer is a native of Germany, and has resided in this country for many years. St. Nicholas Hotel, Washington Place, J. A. Robinson & Co., Proprietors.-This house has been established two years and has rapidly won its way into popular favor. It is substantially constructed, and the inter ior arra ng e ments are per fect. The house is furnished throughout in the most artistic and substantial manner, having one hundred and fifty rooms, which are thoroughly well furnished, no expense having been spared to insure the comfort of guests, and make the house a model of elegance and completeness. Its location possesses many advantages that will at once present themselves to the traveling public, it being central and desirable for business or pleasure parties, and is within easy access of all ferries, depots, places of amusement and points of interest. Its restaurant, dining hall, cafe, chess, billiard and reading parlors are first-class and attractive. Mr. J. A. Robinson, the genial proprietor, is an old exl)crienced hotel man. He has been identified w ith many leading houses, among which are the Park A, enue, Royal, and Commercial, of this city. He was born in Philadelphia and has been a resident of New Yorl for thirty years. He served with the 30th sew Jersey during the war, and was at Chancellorsville, Fredricksburg and other historic places. When the old St. Nicholas Hotel was closed, Mr. Robinson adopted the name for his house, and he is maintaining the reputation of that once famous establishment. 190 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 9 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 191 Messrs. Humphrey & Sons occupy in their manufacturing department,three large and commodious floors,each 25x100 feet in dimensions, which is appropriately fitted up and arranged according to the requirements of their business. In addition to men's neck wear, Memsrs. Humphrey & Sons, manufacture a full line of ladies garters which are, in good demand in the trade, quoted as they are at the lowest prices. The individual members of this co-partnership-Messrs. J. A., W. M. and G. G. Humphrey-father and sons respectively, are well and popularly known, enjoying not only the fullest confidence of the trade, but the respect of all with whom they are brought into contact. Alfred Bridgeman, Importer, Grower and Dealer in Vegetable, Farm and Flower Seed, No. 37 East 19th Street.-Among the old established houses which have been identified with the growth and development of the metropolis and which have kept pace with the improvement and progress of the time, is that of Mr. Alfred Bridgeman, importer, grower and dealer in vegetable, farm and flower seed. This business was established in 1824, and has always enjoyed a career of prosperity. The house was for many years located at No. 876 Broadway, and some time ago was removed to the present elegant quarters. The premises now occupied are of modern construction and are artistically finished in a most pleasing manner. A large and valuable stock is carried and a business is done which extends to all points in the United States. Mr. Bridgeman is an old resident of this city, and is one of our old time merchants. During a long and busy career he has always maintained the principles o;integrity and honorable dealing. He has always taken an active interest in every movement that has for its object the advance ment and welfare of his fellow citizens, and is esteemed by all with whom he has had business transactions. Thomas Hoolman, Steam Power Book and Job Prter, Corner Centre and White Streets, Harlem Rairod Depot.-Tlhe printing house of Mr. Thomas Holman, corner Centre and White streets, which was established by the present proprietor in 1847, and sjace its inception at that period has always commanded a liberal and permanent patronage from all classes of the community. The premises occup' ied are very commodious, and are furnished with all the latest improved printing presses, types and materials of every description. In mechanical execution Mr. Holman's printing cannot be excelled, and he keeps constantly on hand the most extensive supply of new type, comprising all the latest styles, and is always making additions as new designs are issued. Mr. Holman makes a specialty of book, job and masonic printing, and executes in the best manner possible Adam's and cylinder press work for the trade. He cheerfully furnishes estimates fbr all kinds of work, and attends to orders by mail or telegraph promptly, and conducts a first-class trade, giving employment to a number of skilled and experienced printers. Personally, Mr. Holman is held in the highest estimation by the community for his many excellent qualities, and has for a number of years been an active and influential supporter of the Fifth Avenue Baptist Church August iKJetrmann, Manufacturer of Fine Cigars, Nos. 409 to 413 East 15th Street.-Mr. August Kleffman, has been established in business for some years and enJoys an excellent reputerich as a thoroughly first-claas cigar maker. His large factory is fitted up with all the most improved appliances, employing skilled workmen, and turning out only the very best class of work. He uses good material and is thus enabled to furnish reliable goods. Mr. Kleffmann is a practical workman, and is recognized as an energetic, honorable, and successful business man. Mr. H. Wunderlich of No. 26 Hudson street, acts as his sales agent, and he controls a large and lucrative trade. J. IL Adams, Jr., D ealer in H ay, Flour, Feed and frain, No. 625 Hudson St reet.-Prominent amon g the leaing and more no tabl e establishments located on thas bus y thoroughfare there is probably none more useful or more in keeping with the needs of the vicin~tr t han the hay, feour, and feed house of Mr. J. E. Adams, Jr. The business wa s established in 18n, at No. 838 West 4th street, from which point it was removed .six years ago to the present location at No. 625 Hudson street. The store comprises three floors of a brick structure, 25x90 feet in area, well lighted and conveniently arranged for the purpose. The stock embraces the best brands of four and tLe choicest grades of hay, ,feed, &c., the value of a large experience in the business showing plainly in the great variety and excellent quality of the goods seleed. The name of Mr. Adams has for a number of years been most favorably identilied with the grain trade, and the history of his successful business career in that of a self-made man. He early displayed a marked aptitude for the business, and after acquiring in a comparatively short period, a thorough knowledge of everything pertaining to it, he -began operating for hilf when but twenty years of age, in West 4th street. Adhering strict ly to the ,principles of integrity and frugal industry, which have been oonspicious features of his business life, he soon won the esteem and kindly regard of all with whom he -was brought in contact and from a small compass his business rapidly rose to prosperous proportions. It now became essential to secure more commodious quarters and after due consideration Hudson street was chosen as the location best adopted to this line of business. In !the large number of small groceries, truckmen, stable keepers, &c., located in this vicinity, a ready market was found for the various commodities included in the line of trade, and the wisdom displayed in the choice of location became more apparent as the business grew and flourished. By the exercise of an unvarying courtesy and studious regard for the wants of customers, the proprietor has secured a most desirable patronage, and now at the age of thirty-two years, finds himself in possession of one of the most prosperous branches of trade in his vicinity. Mr. Adams is an ex-member of the Produce Exchange, and an active member of the -crack 7th Regiment. He is also prominently connected with several social and beneficiary associations and enjoys a well won popularity in a large circle of social and business acquaintances. J. A. Humphrey & Sons, Men's Neck Wear, No. 76 Frankli n St reet.-O ne of t he old est and certainly one of the most reliable a nd representative firms engaged in the manufacture of men's neck-wear in the m etropoli is, is that of J. A. Hu mphre y & Sons. The hist ory o f this emin e nt house goes back to the year 1856, when they became establishled in this ma rke t. Fr om a very ordin ary beginning, through good management and ability, thi s has grown to be come one of the representative and le ading houses in this line. Messrs. J. A. Hump hrey & Sons, manufacture an almost endless variety of designs in men's neck wear, using in their manufacture t he very c hoicest of silk patterns and linings. The re put ati on of thi s h ou ses is well known t hroughout i r a, non the trade, not only in the sup eri or ex cellence of the sto ck used but al so in the variety, beauty and art istic taste displayed in the designs brought out. This house does a widely extending and very valuable trade all over the United States, selling to to the jobbing and large retail trade only. In the East, as well as in the West and South, their goods are well known and are justly held in high favor and esteem. They are well supported by a good corps of salesmen, among whom is Mr. W. F. May, known as the "Demon Kalesman," and who is aclnowledged by all rivals to no superior among the city and adjacent trade NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. IK NEW YORK'S LEADING INDIUSTR.IES. to puichasers are ol the most advantageous chraer. Enterprise, energ)- and sagacity have marked the carec.r of this firm in the past, and it gives ample promis e of a long continued success in the future. The Dolphin Manufacturing Company, No. 65 Duane Street.-In 1843 the American Hemp Mills were established in Patterson, New Jersey, and they continued operations under that title for a number of years. Subsequently. however, the name of the factory and the firm controlling it was changed to the Dolphin Manufacturing Company, under which title they have ever since continued. The mills are devoted to the manufacture of jute goods, hemp, carpet and napier matting (which is superior in some respects to cocoa matting), jute yarns, wrapping wool, and tobacco twine, of which goods they produce a very superior quality. The company manufactures in very large lots, and have especial facilities for purchasing the raw material, and as a consequence, are enabled to sell their goods at a remarkably low figure. The factory, which, as has been said, is located at Paterson, gives employment to a large number of operatives, who are selected from among the most capable workmen obtainable, and the quality of the product of the mills is such as to create a very extensive demand. The trade of the company is co-extensive with the United States. The sample-rooms are at No. 65 Duane street, where a full line of samples of all goods manufactured is shown and where capable and courteous assistants do all in their power to give complete satisfaction to customers. No small amount of the prosperity of the company is due to the energy, enterprise and shrewd business capability of the manager, Mr. J. Sloane, a gentleman who is well and favorably known in business circles. He possesses all those qualities which go to make up the successful man, and his genial and companionable dispositionrendershiman especial favorite with all having business relations with him. New York Mvutual Insurance Companly, Theo. B. Bleecker, Jr., President, No. 61 William Street.One of the most important departmenuts of insurance is that devoted to mariners' interests, and the first application of the principle of insurance was to marine risks. In this country the early colonists who were extensively engaged in ship building, began to look about for some protection against the loss of their invested money when disaster overtook their property on the sea. The owners of shipping interests began to combine and agreed to assume the responsilittes for a certain amount of loss, signing their names with the amount they would insure under the list of the ships' cargo and from this practice the name of underwriter was applied to marine insurance. From this arrangement the first stock company engaged in Insurance naturally arose, and this modest beginning has grown to the very extensive marine insurance interests, which have proved of such incalculable benefit to our shipping trade. In this country there are at present several strong and reliable companies that are giving marine risks their especial attention and consideration. One of the oldest is the New York Mutual Insurance Company, whose offices are at No. 61 William street. This institution, recognized wherever doing business as one of the highest character and stability, was organized as a stock company in 1798, nearly a century ago. It is one of the pioneer American insurance companies, and its career has been a remarkably successful one. In 1861 the stock was all paid off, and the company reorganized upon the mutual system. Its board of trustees embraces the names of New York's most representative business men, who have attained eminence in the commercial world. The New York Mutual Insurance Company has assets of nearly a million dollars, and do a sound, conservative business. Mr. Theo. B. Bleecker, Jr., the President, is ably assisted by Mr. Edward Laraque, the Secretary. The business of this company has always been conducted upon the strictest principles of mercantile honor and integrity. WL BE Clark & Bro., Provisions for Export, Nos. 164 and 166 Elizabeth Street.-An important adjunct to the provision trade of New York is the well known and old established house of Messrs. W. E. Clark & Bro., Nos. Bt and 166 Elizabeth street, whose productions have acquired an excellent reputation in the market on account of their uniform good quality, which is attribu table to the stock being selected with the greatest care and all processes of packing, curing and smoking being effected under the most critical supervision. This house was originally established in 1831, and may be considered one of the pioneers of the trade, having obtained a large foreign and domestic patronage, owing to the quality and general excellence of its productions. Only the best class of stock is handled by the firm, and the greatest attention is bestowed on the hams, beef, bacon and tongues through all the stages of curing, etc., while being prepared for the market. The premises occupied are spacious and convenient, and comprise a well equipped five-story building, 50x100 feet in dimen sions, admirably fitted up with all appliances and apparatus, ecessary for the systematic conduct of the business, employment being given to eighty skilled operatives. A large export trade is carried on, the sugar-cured hams of this house having attained the greatest favor and repute in Europe, and the business in this class of provisions is annually increasing in volume. The individual members of this c-partnership, Messrs. Wm. E., Chas. H. and Wm. H. Clark, are natives of New York, and are widely and favorably known throughout commercial circles. The character istics which regulate the business policy of this house, are such as t~ entitle it to public consideration, and the extent of its operations has made this firm a very pro minent one in New York, while the inducements offered E. A. Packer, Wholesale Dealer in Coal, No. 1 Broadway, (Washington Building).-The proximity of New York to the famous coalfields of the Lehigh and Schuylkill Valleys and the direct means of trans portation render it one of the most important centres of the anthracite trade in the country. The annual receipts have attained proportions of enormous magnitude, and among the representative members of the trade, no one is more widely or favorably known than Mr. E. A. Packer, No. 1 Broadway. Mr. Packer is a gentleman now in the prime of life, who about thirty-seven years ago, when New York was first taking her position as a metropolis, founded the business, which has by reason of his honorable and conservative management attained proportions of such magnitude. The collieries Mr. Packer represents are generally located in the Lehigh and Schuylkill regions, numbering among them, those, that are noted as producers of the finest, clear-burning qualities of anthracite. This coal Mr. Packer handles in large quantities by cargo lots, and has unsurpassed facilities for satisfactorily filling the largest shipping, railroad, manufacturing or city dealers orders at current wholesale rates. The coal he handles long ago made Its mark as a desirable fuel for steam or heating purposes, and its consumption has kept pace with the capacity of production. Mr. Packer is an esteemed and popular resident of New York, and his family (so widely known, that any additional comment upon our part would be superfluous) is admitted to be the pioneer in the anthracite coal trade, one Of the most important, as it is one of the most beneficial industries in the country, and in this connection Mr. Packer well merits the large measure of success which has attended his lengthy and honorable career in the New York coal trade. 192 -~ ~~E YOKSLAIGINUTIS 9 which is an important advantage to the public. The firis do business upon an extensive scale, in order to meet the requirements of their trade, and have a factory at New Brunswick, N. J., though their main works are eligibly situated on Barren Island, in New York Harbor. Their facilities are therefore unsurpassed for manufacturing honest, reliable fertili zers, as they control the dead animal and offal con tracts of New York and Brooklyn, from which they daily receive at their works large quantities, of blood, bone and meat, which are manufactured into the richest fertilizers known to the agricultural chemist. The members of the firm maintain their works at the highest stage of efficiency, the processes of manufacture going on under their immediate supervision. Their fertilizers are produced from the best forms of animal matter, containing organic nitrogen or ammonia in one of its most active forms for fertilizers, and like wise a large percentage of other essential proper ties for crop growth, such as ash, lime, magnesia, and which are not found in those manures composed entirely upon a chemical basis. No arguments that could be advanced in regard to the results of the use of fertilizers are so impressive, so convincing and so truthful, as the statements of hundreds and thousands of farmers and gardeners, who have test ed the value of fertilizers. Messrs. P. White's Sons have an army of consumers, who have voluntarily furnished most convincing proof of the wonderful in crease in the crops raised by the investment of a few dollars in appropriate fertilizers. The "Farmers' Pride" ensures extraordinarily heavy crops of corn, wheat, rye, oats, beets, turnips, and other root crops, peas, beans, &c., and small fruits. The firm also make special fertilizers suitable for all crops, also sulphate of ammonia, dried blood, dried fishscrap, &c., and likewise prepare horse hair, hides and glue stock for consumers, and render large quantities of tallow and grease. Their concern is thus very useful in its wide range of operations, while its fertilizers have earned the praise and consumption of tens of thousands of our enlightened farmers. No further comment is necessary than to add that Messrs. P. White's Sons fert ilizers are the favorites, and do the work without fail. Sufficient ha s been said, however, to demonstrate their superiority, and in conclusion we would add, that Messrs. Thos. F. and Andrew J. White rank among our best known and highly respected business men. -S-H V. Cole, Manufacturers' Agent for all Kinds of Wooden Ware, Baskets, Brooms, Whisks, &c., No. 278 Washington Street.-Mr. H. V. Cole represents in the New York market a number of leading and important manufacturers, handling such goods as wood and willow ware, baskets, brooms, whisks, &c., for jobbing trade and export. It is needless in this article to comment upon the character of the goods represented by Mr. Cole. The names of the following firms, all of whom he represents, are eminently well-known all over the United States: E. Murdock & Co., A. A. Sumner & Co., Williams Manufacturing Co., C. Horstman & Co.,(brooms); also,the special agent for the wellknown Saginaw Manufacturing Co., of Michigan. Mr. Cole does an extensive local and near-by trade, catering as he does to the large jobbing trade in this market exclusively. It can be depended upon that any goods shipped from any of these factories are always as represented. He is still in the prime of manhood, being born in Montgomery county, N. Y., some forty-eight years ago. In theilasonic order he is a man widely known, having attained the very highest and most honorable distinction in that popular order. The trade handling this line of gods cannot do better than call and see Mr. Cole. As a reliable:rerchant and genial friend he is a man in Blhom all may baste cotlfidenoe J o h n M. Maris & Co, Manufacturers and Impor t ers of Druggists' Glassw are, Sundries and Specialties, N os. 37 B arcl a y Street and 42 Park Place, also Phila delphia.-The history of the glassware trade of America contains no name more honored, or more widely known than that of Maris. The house of John M. Maris & Co. has permanently retained the representative position in the dual lin es of the manufacture and importation of druggists' glassware, and has left its pe rman ent impress upon the t ra de for the benefit of all concerned. The business is unquestionably the os oldest of its kind in America, having been founded as early as 1796, and h as had a con tinuous career of prosperity to date, outUving the var iou s financial storms which have swept the country during the i ntervening eighty-nine years. The firm of John M. Maris & Co., is now composed of Mess rs. John M. Maris, Henry J. Marls, George Maris and Mr John Franklin, gentlemen who bring vast practical experi enc e t o bear, and an i ntimate knowledge of the wan ts of the trade, while they give close personal supervision to the operations of all the various departments of their factory and mercantile establishments. The firm's manufactory is advantageously located at No. 711 Market street, in the city of Philadelphia, and it is the most complete and extensive in their branch of the glass trade. A large number of hands are employed he r e in the manufacture o f every description of druggists' glassware, includ ing phials,bottles,jars, graduated measures, &c., &c. The greatest care is exercised in using only the best of ingredients in the making of all ware leaving their works and their goods have a deserved prominence throughout the country atlarge. These goods are recognized standards. and are annually constuned in enormous quantities by wholesale and retail pharmacists, patent medicine houses, physicians, &c, &c. In addition to manufacturing upon such an extensive scale, the firm are also heavy importers of druggists' sundries and specialties, having commenced this important branch of their business about 25 years ago. The firm for five years have had the leading house of its kind in New York city, the premises being unusually central in location, at No. 37 Barclay street, fronting thereon 25 feet and extending entirely through the block to No. 42 Park Place, a distance of one hundred and fifty feetjn this immense show room is displayed an unsurpassed and complete assortment of druggists' glassware and sundries, coupled with numerous specialties. The trade transacted has developed to proportions of enormous magnitude, and extends all over, covering every important jobbing and wholesale drug house in the United States, and requiring the services of several men upon the road. Mr. John M. Maris and his co-partners rank among our most highly esteemed and responsible business men. They are public-spirited citizens of conservative views and sentiments, taking a deep interest in any movement having for its object the welfare of the city. P. White's S ons, Manufacturers of Barren Island Fertilizers, Superphosphate of Lime; Dried Blood, Bone and Meat, &c.; Offices, No. 41 Peck *lip.-It is a matter of the greatest importance to agriculturists to find out the most reliable and honorable houses engaged in the production of fertilizers, and thus ensure getting the worth of their money in what will do their crops the most good. Unquestionably the leading firm engaged in this business to day is that of Messrs. P. White's Sons, who are actively engaged in the manufacture of the celebrated Barren Island fertilizers, including superphosphate of lime, dried blood, bone and meat, pure ground bone, &c. The business was founded in 1873, and has been developed to proportions of great magnitude. Both Messrs. Thos. F. and Andrew J. White, have an intimate knowledge of the blest special fertilizers for each and everv crop, and NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 193 -NE. John Thornilill, Cnit Flowers, No. 406 4th Avenue. -The occupation of the landscape gardener and florist is most entertaining and instructive, and of late years has been pursued as a profession, and has attained such a high degree of perfection as to entitle it to rank among scientific avocations. New York has acquired a national reputation as the centre of the seed and flower trade, and a prominent house engaged in this business is that of Mr. John Thornhill. This enterprise was established in 1873. and since its inception at that date, has always enjoyed a liberal and influential patronage from retail flower dealers. Mr. Thornhill carries on an extensive trade in fruit, sha,de and ornamental trees, and makes a specialty of cut flowers at wholesale, which is a distinctive feature of the business, and having greenhouses arranged for the culture of flowers, can supply them in any quantities for weddings, funerals and decorations. As a landscape gardener he has a high reputation, and gives particular attention to the construction of rock work and ornamental gardening, frequently employing in his various contracts over 100 skilled workmen. Floral designs are also furnished, and ferneries, brackets and hanging-baskets, and plain and ornamental flowerpots. Mr. Thornhill stands prominently at the head of this branch of industry, and supplies a large demand from the citizens of this vicinity, and from other sections of the country. The house is one that can be commended to the public as being liberally endowed with artistic taste, and in every respect worthy of their esteem and consideration. Henry Schweitzer, Apothecary, No. 154 Nintlh Avenue.-Mr. Henry Schweitzer occupies the spacious premises No. 154 Ninth Avenue, and has been established twenty years, for a number of which he has been at nis present location. Mr. Schweitzeris a practical druggist and apothecary, keeping only the purest chemicals and drugs. In addition he has an extensive and attractive stock of fancy toilet articles, comprising fine soaps, colognes, extracts, cosmetics, brushes, &c. The compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes is a feature in which Mr. Schweitzer takes special care to excel, nothing but strictly pure and fresh drugs being permitted to enter into any of his compounds. He employs several competent assistants in his business and enjoysa large patronage. Mr. Henry Schweitzer is ably assisted by his brother, Julius, a gentleman thoroughlly informed as to the intricate formulas of materia medica. Under the proprietorship name of Julius Schweitzer & Company, their house has placed upon the market a superior article known as "Refined Pancr tetic Emulsion or Digestible Food," which is particularly adapted to persons suffering from all diseases accompanied by great waste and loss of fat. The Refined PIancroetic Emulsion is the result of many years experience in the preparation of pancretic and other emulsions, and of investigations and experiments conducted in a study of the digestive processes in general by Mr. Julius Schweitzer, fellow of the Chemical Society of London, and former pharmaceutical examiner for England and Wales. Mr. Schweitzer, the originator and sole maker of Pancrsetic Emulsion, for the past twenty years in England has devoted his life to the perfection of this article, and notwithstanding the value of his former preparations. and the satisfactory results which they have given in the hands of the most eminent physicians of London and elsewhere, he has by great care and labor improved upon his former processes of manufacture to such an extent that hlie is now able to offer an emulsion unique in itself, and not approached by any heretofore presented to the public. This article is necessarily too brief to go into the details as to the superiority and excellence of this preparation, but it is safe to say that it is entirely what is claimed for it. The business of this hiouse has grown to such proportions that they are gradually etering into a large and extended wholesale trade. These gentlemen are thorough and skilled pharmacists, and highly spoken of by the medical fraternity. William Dempsey, Brown Stone Yard, Aven ue B, between 81st and 82nd Streets.-The building interests of the metropolis are of such magnitude, that any review of them would be incomplete without due notice of the development of the trade in brown stone. Prominent among leading dealers in this material is Mr. William Dempsey, of Avenue B, between 81st and 82nd streets. This business was originally founded by the firm of Brady & Dempsey, to which, on the retirement of MrBrady, Mr. Dempsey succeeded in 1883. He is possessed of practical experience in all branches of thebrown stone trade, and has an unusually favorably located yard in Avenue B, 100x400 feet in dimensions, facing the river, and affording every facility for the receiving of his stone by water. Here he carries a well selected stock of all sizes of dressed and rough brown stone, and transacts an extensive blusiness, giving employment to upwards of forty skilled and experienced operatives. In addition to a large number of customers, among our leading contractors, builders and architects, Mr. Dempsey does likewise a fine jobbing trade, and his yard is a scene of great activity. Personally he is one of our most popular business men, energetic, industrious and enterprising. and has greatly contributed to the industrial prosperity of New York, in which he has for so many rears been an honored resident. Van Bel-vreu & Mud, son, New York City and Westchester County Bill Posters,Distributors and GeneralAdvertisers. Contracting Agents for the United States and Canada. Office: No. 40 Rose Street. Harlem Office: No. 162 east 126th Street.-A most importa nt and creditable feature of metropolitan a ctivity is that of general advertising, as carried on so exten sively and pr omin ent ly by mean s of bill posting, distribution, and pictorial signs of every description. A firm which has lon g held the lead in this line, and which is favorably known, is that of Mess rs. Van Beuren & Muns on, of No. 40 Rose s treet, East of Duane str e et. The co-partners, Mr. Van Beuren and Mr. Henry Munson, founded the pres ent business in 1872,an d have during the in tervening period, developed it to proportions of the greatest magnitude. Bri ninging, as they do, such a wide range of practi cal experience to bear, coupled with the knowledge of where and how to ob tain the utm ost publicity, ou r leading advertisers, including theatre companies a nd proprietors, merchants and manufacturers, have a ll found it greatly to their advantage to place th eir orders with th is fir m, whose honora ble methods and ste rling integ ri ty re nder them thoroughly reli able in all departments of the busi - ness. As bill posters and distributors, they enjoy special f acilities, thei r corps of me n are expert and reliable, their boards for pasting purposes are numerous, and placed in the most conspicuous position on the main thoroughfares, and all work e ntrusted to them i s e xecuted punctually. They have the finest tra de in their line in the city, and also do a large business as contracting agents for general advertising throughout the United States and Canada. Their new main office is eligibly and centrally located at No. 40 Rose street, corner of Duane, where all orders receive prompt attention, while they have a branch office in Harlem, at No. 162 East 126th street. Both members of the firm are old residents of the city, noted for their honorable methods and sterling integrity, who have in their line, through the exercise of the highest order of enterprise and talent developed the leading business of its kind in America's great metropolis, and one which eminently ranks among the most useful and creditable branches of legitimate industrial activity. NEW YORK,S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 194 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. various branches of natural history, from all parts of the world, and has unsurpassed facilities and connections for promptly filling all orders for the mounting of rare birds, animals, &c. He is likewise an importer of the choicest lines of'artificial eyes, in all standard sizes and shades, to match the wants of the taxidermist and those engaged in supplying the demands of the millinery trade, and sells them at wholesale and retail. Mr. Wallace's establishment, centrally located at No. 16 North William street, contains many attractive specimens of his wonderful skill as a taxidermist. He has studied from nature, and applies the knowledge in the practical restoration of the forms of birds and animals to the perfect verisimilitude of life itself. Mr. Wallace does all the work of this nature for Mr. Barnum, and for thirty years has executed all the orders for the prince of showmen.'He formerly was employed by the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, to attend to all their work in his special line. He thus enjoys the highest reputation as a master of his profession, and is endorsed by the best students of natural history and proficients in the art of taxidermy. His trade mark of the lion rampant has long been a guarantee of excellence, and the public can absolutely rely on getting anything done in his line in the best style of the profession, from the preservation of the forms and outlines of quadrupeds down to birds, fishes and reptiles. James H. English, Blank-Book Manufacturer, No. 24 College Place.-Few departments of industrial and commercial activity have attained greater perfection or a more deserved reputation in the metropolis than that of blank-book manufacturing and its kindred branches. The competition has necessarily been great, but the result has been correspondingly satisfactory to the general public as a higher standard of perfection is attained. Prominent among the representative houses in this trade is that of Mr. James H. English, No. 24 College Place, which was established in 1874. The premises are very commodious and consist of the second loft about 25x130 feet in area. The business transacted is large, including considerable for the trade. He promptly attends to all classes of paper ruling and book binding, and In his extensive establishment possesses facilities equal to those of any other house in this city for filling all orders promptly, artistically and in a perfect manner. His material generally, as well as the different machines used' in the business, is of the best quality and is all new. He fills all orders directly on his premises, and gives employment to a large force of skilled hands. Personal supervision, combined with just dealing and thorough integrity in all transactions, is the basis upon which Mr. English has built up his trade. F. A. Ringler & Co., E lectrotyping, Stereotyping, and Printers W arehouse Nos. 21 and 23 B ar c l ay Street and 26 and n28 P a rk Place.-There is no branch of mereantile activity in the g reat metropolis in which more distinguish ed enterprise has been m anifested than in that c omprising the arts of electrotyping, stereotyping, &c. Not on ly have our lead ing firms brought amp le practica l experien ce to bear, but likew is e ample res ou rces, and a degree of talent and energy th a t ranks second to none displayed in the other avenues of skilled ind ustry. Promin e nt among the representative houses thus referred to, that of Messrs. F. A. Ringlert & Co., has long b een on e of the most popular and well patronized. The co-partners are Mr. F. A. Ringler, an d Mr E J.E. J. Alfeld, who are experts in all that concerns the Art Typographical, and with special practical knowledge of the two great branches of electrotyping and stereotyping. They founded their present establishment in 1872, and owing to th eir praiseworthy exertions, i t has enjoyed an uninterrupted career of prosperity to date. Their con cer n is v ery eligi bly and centrally located in the fine double building, Nos. 21 and 23 Barclay Street, which extend s through the block to Nos. 26 and 28 Park Place. thus affording the firm vast fl o or sp ace and abundance of light and air. Their o ffice depart ment is 35x50 feet in dimensions, while their foundry and work-r o oms are suitably acc ommodat ed o n the third loeft, 45x150 in dimensions. Their premises have been fitted up with an absolutely perfect and complete outfit, regardless of expense, and which com prises every possible appliance and improvement that can be br ought to be ar in an electrotype or stereotype foundry. Their establishment is a daily sc ene of busy industry, a force averaging from 100 to 125 h ands b eing employed in th e various departments. All classes of electrotyping and s tereotyping i s promptly, economically and pelrfectly do ne, both for books, woodcuts, standing advertisements, bill heads and publ ications of all sort s. The firm make a speiality of producing electrotyp e imitations of allegator skins, morocco, etc., and in fact everything in that line. The house has lo ng be e n celebrated for turning out none but first class w ork and one of the largest and finest trades in the city has been developed. The firm also keeps on hand a lar ge a nd completely ass or t ed stock of printers material of guaranteed exlcellen c, and a t price s which command the attention of the closest buyers. A leading spe cial ty with the firm is the prompt preparation of steel-coated duplicates of steel and copper plates, p erfec t facsimile s o f t he o riginals, possessing all their clearn es s of definition, and delicacy of outline, and which are recognized as a genuine boon to both printers and publishers. The house has recently opened a branch at No. 37 Park Place for composition. Both Messrs. Ringler and Alfeld give their closest personal attention to the filling of orders, and have developed the very best of reputation for their high order of skill and talent. John Fink & Son, Provision Dealers, Nos. 334 and 336 West 39th Street.-Prominent among the old established and representative firms of provision dealers is that of John Fink & Son, whose extensive pork packing establishment at Nos. 334 and 336 West 36th street, is one of the best equipped in the trade. This business was founded thirty-five years ago by Mr. John Fink who died about a year ago. His career was one of which any man might feel proud. Beginning in a modest way, with little capital save pluck, ability and a determination to succeed, he steadily won his way upward and for years before his death hcld an inliuential position among our most substantial and public spirited citizens. The business is now conducted by his son John W. Fink, a man of sterling personal worth and ability. Hehas had many years' experience and is well qualifiedto sustain the old reputation whi~:h t ois house has always maintained as a thorough representative concern, whose reliable and substantial cbaracter is unassailed as it is unassailable. J. Wallace, Naturalist and Taxidermist, Importer of For eign Bird Skins and Artificial Eyes, No. 16 North Wi lliam Street.-The oldest establis h ed, as it is th e most representative concern, in this line in New York, is that of which Mr. J. Wallace i s the es teemed proprietor, which was originally founded in 1842 by the late Mr. J. L. Bode, the father of piactical taxidermy in this section. He was succeeded by Mr. Wallace some years ago, and who has developed a large and permanent trade, covering the best classes of customers throughout this city and country at large. Mr.Wallace brings practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the tastes and wants of the most critical and appreciative students of natural history. As the leading naturalist and taxidermist of the metropolis, Mr. Wallace collects and impor.ts in thle 195 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. L. Cummils, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Fancy and Staple Groceries, Wines a nd Li quor s, No. 681 9th Avenue, Corner 47th Street.-Prominent among the notable establishments on this part of Ninth avenue, is that of L. Cummins, who is an importer and dealer in foreign and domestic wines and liquors, and who is also a wholesale and retail dealer in all kinds of fancy and staple groceries, of which he has a large stock, consisting of teas, coffees, sugars, spices, butter, lard, eggs, cheese, ham, pork, and family flour of all the various brands. Mr. Cummins is a native of Ireland, and is about thirty-seven years of age. He opened this business some twelve years ago, at No. 70 Henry street, where it is still continued as a branch. He also has another branch at No. 486 Pearl street, and in May, 1884, another was established at No. 117 Fourt avenue, Mount Vernon, and, also, one at No. 1522 First avenue, and'at all of these stores a large retail trade isbeing done. A very heavy stock is carried, and constant employment is furnished for about fifty men, and a number of horses and trucks are used in conducting the business of these several stores. Mr. Cummins is a thoroughly active man, honest and reliable in all his business relations, and genial in his association qualities, which have given him a high place in the estimation of the community. Transatlantic Fire Insurance Company! of Hamburg, Germany, No. 62 Liberty Street.-The Transatlantic F ire Insurance Company, of Hamburg, Germany, was organized in 1872 and has been established here sinc e 18 77. This company has from the start done a conservative and safe business, and is popular among o ur merchants and property owners. Mr. E. Habers, on e of the most favorably known and substantial members of t he mercantile community, is the manager of t h e company' s United States branch, and ably discharges th e duties of his important position. Mr. H. Ihnen, th e assistant manager, is a gentleman of long a n d practical experience. The trustees of the company ar e Charles M. F ry, president of the Bank of New York, James Seligman, of the great banking house of J. and W. Seligman & Co., and Paul Lichtenstein. These are m e n who hold an influential and representative position i n t he commercial world. The Transatlantic Fire Insurance Company accepts only the best class of risks, and i n doing this serves the best interests of policy holders. The following statement of the company t o January 1st, 1885, makes a splendid showing of t h e excellent manner in which it is progressing: ASSETS. 4 U.S. Gov. Bonds, Deposit in Albany,......... $276,750.00 4 * " "'.............. ho123,000.00 In hands of Trustees.......................... 50,255.56 Cash in Banks, and Unpaid Premiums,......... 36,452.81 $486,458.37 I. Oberndorfer & Co., Manufacturers and Im porters of Gents' Furnishing Goods, Mercantile Exchange Building, No. 630 Broadway and 162 Crosby Street.-Thisfirmbeganinbusiness in 1877, at No. 21 White street, subsequently removing to No. 457 Broadway, afterward to No. 554, and eventually two years ago, to its present directly central and convenient premises, which are 30x200 feet in dimensions, and extend entirely through the block to Crosby Street. They are both manufacturers and importers, handling a full line of choice foreign underwear and hosiery, and having a large force of skilled operatives engaged in the manufacture of staple and fancy furnishings. Their connections are strictly first-class, while their facilities are absolutely unexcelled.- In their splendid store buyers have +he opportunity of inspecting the finest and most complete assortment of all grades of furnishing goods in the city, every line being kept fully stocked up, while they have built up a trade of corresponding magnitude, extending to tae leading dealers and jobbers in all the large cities and towns of the United States, and which requires the services of five men upon the road. The co-partners, Mr. I. Oberndorfer, and Manager Joseph Jordan are all natives of New York city, still in the early prime of manhood, and imbued with that degree of energy and talent, characteristic of the successful business houses of the metropolis. LIABILITIES. Unearned Prem. Fund,.................. $142,349.22 Unpaid Losses,.................. 26,664.32 169,013.54 Surplus................................. $317,444.83 INCOME 1884. Premiums,..................................... 257,148.98 Interest........................................ 14,216.10 $271,365.08 E2XPENDITURES 1884. Fire Losses Paid................... $148,720.70 All other Expenditures,............... 88,928.87 $237,649,57 Excess of Income............................ $33,715.51 It will be seen that the above epitome of the campany's affairs will bear out the assertion that it is one of the solidest and most successful companies doing business in NeN York. The management is in the hands of thoroughly experienced men, who are well informed on all matters pertaining to fire insurance, and who possess the esteem and coffidence of the entire commercial community. James M rtaugh, Manufacturer of Dumb Waiters, &c., Nos. 145 and 147 East 42nd Street.-The manufacture of dumb waiters and other hoisting apparatus has been carried on for the past thirty years by Mr. James Murtaugh, whose extensive factory is located at Nos. 145 and 147 East 42d street. The interior arrangemeats are perfect, and are equipped with all the most approved machinery and appliances for the production of dumb waiters. The pulley arrangements made by Mr. Murtaugh are without doubt the safest, and most durable manufactured. He makes a specialty of putting up hoist wheels and heavy store dumb waiters, carriage and safety invalid elevators of the most approved pattern at the shortest notice. Repairing and altering is also done with the utmost dispatch. None but the best workmen are employed and all work is guaranteed. That an idea may be gleaned of the popularity of Mr. Murtaugh's dumb waiters. it is only necessary to state that nearly eighty-seven thousand of them are in use, and with the recent improvements that he has put upon them. they are believed to be the most perfect now before the public. Mr. Murtaugh has built up his prosperous establishment by years of energetic work, coupled withsound commercial methods, and he is classed today among our most substantiai merclants. 196 National Sale and Exchange Stables, Oakley & Smith, Proprietors Nos. 156 to 164 East 21th Street.Among the old established and well known sale and exchange stables of the metropolis, are those owned by Messrs. Oakley and Smith, which.are familiar to all horse owners as the National Sale and Exchange Stables. They occupy the spacious and substantially constructed building, Nos. 156 to 164 East 24th street, and are among the largest of their kind in the country. The business was founded in 1850, by Mr.Whitson Oakley, and in 1869' he formed a partnership with Mr. George Smith, since which time the firm has had a prosperous career. Both gentleman are well known in this city, and have always taken an active interest in every movement that had for its object the welfare of their fellow citizens. As business men they sustain au excellent reputation for honorable, upright,methods. During a long and busy career, they have always promptly met their obligations, and are to-day among our most substantial business men. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 197~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ J. T. Shackleford, Manufacturer of Hand-made Ha rnesoes, Robes, Blankets, Sheets, Net s, Wh ips, Halters, &c., No. 63 Barclay Street.-It is now upwards of twenty y ears ago sin ce Mr. Shackleford established in the business in this city, anq during the intervening period he has built up the highest of reputations as an honorable business man, and has retained the confidence and respec t of the leading members of the tra de, and the public at large. He occupies ver y e lig ible and ce ntral premises at No. 63 Barc lay stre et, where he carries on the manufacture of fine hand-made harness upon an extensive scale. The first floor is devoted to his office and salesroom, while the manufacturing department is upon the u pper floor. Mr. Shac kleford brings practical e xperience to bear, coupled with an intim ate knowledge of the wants of the best classes of trade and gives the closest-personal supervision over all the processes of manufacture. He selects his leather, trimmings, &c., with the greatest care, and such choice materials only being used, coupled with the fact that he employs only the most skilful journeymen, has enabled him to manufacture the handsomest and most reliable sets of harness ever offered to the public, and yet at prices which will command the attention of the closest buyers. His showroom is fully stocked with fine harness of his own manufacture, which he sells at wholesale or retail, while he keeps on hand a full stock of the best robes, blankets, sheets, nets, whips, halters, brushes, sponges, oils, &c., &c. Mr. Shackleford is a hard worker and a conservative member of the mercantile community. Calenberg & Vaupel, Sole Manufacturers of the Bijou and Separable Upright Pianos, Manufactory and Warerooms, Nos. 333 and 335 West 36th Street. The firm of Calenberg & Vaupel has been closely iden tified with the manufacture and sale of the best class of grand, square and upright pianos known to the trade, since their establishment in 1858. They manufacture their pianos in their own beautiful 4-story building, 38x100l feet in area,the lot being 75x100,with dry basement and cellar, which gives them abundance of light on-all four sides of their factory, and also perfect ventilation. In the cellar is situated the dry room, in which the lum ber used in the manufacture of the pianos, is placed, and by that means always have well seasoned material on hand for use. On the first, or street floor, are the commodious warerooms, office and shipping room. The second floor is devoted to the finishing and regulat ing of tone and action, the fly finishing, etc.; the third floor as casemaking department, and the fourth floor for varnishing and polishing cases. The manufactur ing department is under the able management of the senior partner, who is ably assisted by Mr. Vaupel in the office and salesrooms, and also a number of foremen of acknowledged ability and integrity, being subordin ates in their respective departments. Special rates are offered by the firm to the clergy, professionals, teachers, and parties forming a club of three or more. Among the prominent persons who unite in recommending their pianos, we notice the names of Prof. Justin Juch, Miss Emma Juch, Prof. I. G. Widmann, Prof. Dcehring, Prof. W. Kaepplinger,Prof. Braun,Profs. Kanski,Huehue and Becker; also Carl Aushutz, Antonio Barilli, T. D. Sullivan, New York Catholic Protectory, Prof. Elie Charlier, "Charlier Institute," and various others. Mr. H. S. Calenberg is a native of Germany, who c ame to this country some 35 years ago, and is a resident of New Rochelle, N.Y. - Mr. A. Vaupel was also born in Germ a n y, and resides in New York City. H. ]Kertcher, Cabinet Manufacturer, No. 509 West 33rd Street. —Mr. H. Kertscher has been established in this line for the past twenty years, and is considered one of the most expert men in the trade, which.fact is eovinc ed f ro m he h av ing do ne the fancy cabinet work of the Hoffma1 House, Henry Villard's mansion, Madison Avenue; the Metropolitan Opera House,New York Belting and Packing Co. building, Park Row; the Chamber of Commerc e building, and many others. The work done in the above places is unexcelled for beauty and originality of design, superiority of workmanship and artistic elegance. The factory is equipped with all the most improved modern machinery and appliances. A force of 100 skilled workmen is constantly employed, and every facility is at hand for executing the largest orders in the promptest and most reliable manner. Mr Kertscher was born in this city and has always taken an active interest in every movement that had for its object the advancement of the metropolis. F. W. Sonneborn, Printer and Manufacturing Stationer, No. 10 Warren Street.-The art preservative of all arts, the art of printing, is one of our mott prominent industries. In it are engaged many of our leading citizens, and it gives employment to a very large number of hands. In this connection we take pleasure in mentioning Mr. F. W. Sonneborn, a gentleman who has been forty years established, and is himself a thorough practical printer, well knowing the wants of the community in his line. He is located on the second loft of the building No. 10 Warren street, and a number of the latest and most improved presses are constantly in operation, thus giving employment to thirty hands, and is a model of neatness and conveinence. Here he keeps a full line of stationery and does a very large jobbing trade. The work produced equals that of any establishment in the city. B. McGuinnexs & Co., Central Park Iron Railing Works, Nos. 356 to 360 East 76th Street.-A leading house engaged in the manufacture of iron railings, etc., is that of Messrs. E. McGuinness & Co., successors to T. McGuinness, who established this business in 1873. The firm manufactures all kinds of iron railings, col umns, doors, shutters, iron work generally for stores, factories and dwellings; also all kinds of casting, and incloses cemetery lots in every style, and fire escapes of all kinds are made. The premises occupied consist of suitable and commodious buildings, erected on three lots, 75x100 feet in area, admirably arranged and fitted with every convenience and all the latest machinery and appliances for the prosecution of the business, employment being given to forty skilled workmen. The individual members of this firm are Messrs. E. McGuinness and Daniel E. Reilly, both natives of Ireland, and characterized by the energy and honest thrift of their lovely green isle of the ocean, and who have resided in this city for many years, and are fully Americanized. Macray & Bro., Granite Works, No. 206 West 41st Street.-One of the noteworthy granite works in New York is that of the Macray Bros., situated at No. 206 West 41st street, between Seventh and Eighth avenues, and also at Nos. 558 and 560 West 43rd street, which are well supplied with every appliance necessary for the business. The principal work-shop is at Nos. 558 and 560 West 43rd street. Specialties are made of all kinds of building, monumental and cemetery work and granite work in general, which is promptly done and in the best manner. The firm havo gained a substantial reputation for their skill in the production of monuments, tablets and memorials, and have erected many of the finer and more artistic specimens which are to be seenin the cemeteries of New York and other states. The trade is large and increases with each current year. Mr. Francis B. and Mr. Robert J. Macray compose the firm. They first established themselves in business as above, in 1874, and in 1879 removed to their present location. They are thoroughly conversant with every detail of the business and enjoy a reputation for first-class work at reasonable charges, second to no others in the city. 197 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. tlves of the lumber trade in Harlem the house of Mr. James W. Colwell holds a leadin g p osition. Mr. Colwell originally commenced the lumber business in 1841. and in 18n purchased the concern of Messrs. Gardner, Langdon & Co., which was located at Third Avenue and 133d street. The principal varieties of timber handled are pine, spruce, hemlock, and the trade of the house extends throughout New York and New England. Mr. Colwell possesses a branch house at High Bridge, Sedgwick Avenue and Riverside'Place. Mr. Colwell is a native of Long Island and came to New York in 1838. He is highly esteemed in social life, for his many excellent qualities and strict integrity. Mr. Lamb, the salesman and manager, is held in the highest estimation in social and mercantile circles, for his many sterling qualities and strict probity. Owen Jones'. Sons, Dry Goods, Nos. in, 173, 175 Eighth Avenue and Nos. 300, 302, 304 West 19th Street.There are no commercial enterprises that add so greatly to the importance of the metropolis, as the modern dry goods palaces of the present day. New York is not behind any city in America or Europe in the possession of such enterprises, as may easily be discovered by a visit to the extensive establishment of Owen Jones' Sons, No. 175 Eighth avenue, corner 19th street. This house was established in 1840 by Mr. Owen Jenes, the father of the present proprietors, and since its inception at that period has always enjoyed a liberal and influential patronage from all classes of society. In 1884 Mr. Owen Jones died, and his sons who had previously been admitted into partnership, succeeded to the business. Mr. Jones' decease was deeply lamented not only by his immediate relatives, butly a large circle of friends and acquaintances in consequence of his generous disposition and unswerving honor, and it has left a vacadcy in the firm which has been very difficult to fill. The just management and policy introduced by the father has been closely followed by the sons, and our readers will readily apprehend the truth of this statement, when informed that the trade resources of this house are twenty times greater than they where a quarter of a century ago, and even then the house was considered one of the most important in New York. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious, and comprise a magnificent five-storied building with basement 75x100 feet in dimensions, and which forms an imposing architectural addition to this section of the city. The first floor is devoted to dry and fancy goods; the second to ladies', boys' and children's suits, underwear, millinery and shoes; the third to carpets and upholstery, and the fourth and fifth to furniture, etc. A large number of polite and attentive assistants find constant employment here, under the active supervision of experienced and competent heads, each of whom is responsible to the partners who direct with the greatest care the operations of this vast establishment. With reference to the manner in which every detail is attended to, visitors will find this house not only elegantly appointed, but steam heated throughout, all the floors being connected by means of elevators, and all the prominent points in the city brought within speaking distance by the telephone. So far as the character of the stock and its extent is concerned, it may be stated, that it is unsurpassed by any other contemporary concern, and embraces a diversity simply impossible to describe in dress goods, from the cheapest prints to the most expensive silk and velvet fabrics, ladies' and gentlemen's furnishing goods and hosiery, linens, woolens, cotton and mixed articles of every texture and description, upholstery and furniture, fancy notions and in short everything conceivable that would properly be classed under these general headings. All goods are purchased direct from manufacturers both in this country and Europe in large quantities, and the principle on which the business is conducted is that of just dealing, giving full value for money and obtaining emolument rather in increased sales than in large individual profits. The members of this firm are well fitted by experience and ability to successfully conduct the affairs of this house, and are held in the highest estimation by the community for their generosity and integrity. In every respect this concern may be considered a representative one, prompt, liberal and enterprising. All its operations are conducted with a scrupulous regard for the interests of all patrons, and business relations once entered into with it are certain to become as pleasant as they will be profitable and satisfactory to all concerned. Satterlee, Bostwiek & Martin, Underwriters, No. 58 Cedar Street.-To single out any one department o f t he city's interests, it will be found that fire insurance not only represents millions of capital, but in a very great measure has had much to do with the increase and permanent improvement of the metropolis. In connection with these remarks special attention is directed to the popular and reliable house of Messrs. Satterlee, Bostwick & Martin, Underwriters, whose offices are centrally and conveniently located at No. 58 Cedar street. This business was originally founded twenty years ago by Messrs. L. Satterlee, C. B. Bostwick, and J. K. Martin, and was continued by them till 1883, when Mr. James W. Howe was admitted into partnership, the firm name, however, remaining unchanged. These gentlemnen possess a thorough knowledge of fire insurance in all its departments, and are considered among our most able and energetic underwriters in the city. They transact all kinds of fire, marine and inland insurance. They are active competitors for legitimate business, enterprising and honorable in all their dealings, and are every where recognized as pleasant and agreeable underwriters, with whom to enter into mercantile relations. ]Pennsylvania Steam Coal Co., John F. Hart, New York Agent, Office: No. 18 Water Street.-A noted firm in the coal trade is the Pennsylvania Steam Coal Company, whose mines are located upon the finest coal veins in Jefferson county, Pa. The company owns and operate four extensive collieries, and is fortunate in being represented in New York by such a competent and energetic business man as Mr. John'F. Hart, whose office is eligibly and centrally located at No. 18 Water street. The Pennsylvania steam coal is peculiarly well adapted for marine, heating and manufacturing purposes, and is rapidly supplanting all other brands of coal. Mr. Hart is a hard worker, still in the early prime of life, and a gentleman whose honorable methods and sterling integrity render his prospects in the near future of the most favorable character. P. ]Kahn, Importer and Manufacturer of Artificial Leaves, Tropical Plants and Materials for Flower Makers, No. 92 Pr ince Street.-Among the leadin g houses in this line is that of Mr. F. Kahn, who has been established in this business for the past nineteen years, fifteen of which he has been at the present location. He is an extensive importer and manufacturer of artificial leaves, tropical plants and all kinds of materials for flower makers. His stock is one of the most complete in the trade, and embraces the best and choicest goods in the market. Mr. Kahn was born in Germany, coming to this country about twenty-:fve years ago, where he has had a remarkably successful career, and is in every respect a self-made man. His trade now extends all over the United States, and is annually Jnu creasing in importance. James W. ColwellS, Lu mb er Merchant, Third Avenue and 133d Street.-Among the many representa 198 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. J99 The Agricultural Insurance Company, of Watertown, N.Y., C. Patterson & Son, General Agents Eastern Department,No. 78 Cedar Street,Equitable Building. -The immense aggregate of capital as represented in the property of the metropolis and elsewhere, has not only proved a lucrative field for the operations of home companies, but necessitated the establishing here of branch offices of other leading companies throughout the country. In this connection the attention of our il. I. Munson, who fills the responsible position of esident, is a r epr ese ntativ e bus ines s gentleman and oroughly awake to the best interests of those who are sured in the c ompany. Wid ely kn own and univer ily esteemed, he is well qualified by his great execu te ability and strict integrity, to conduct th is famous 7titution, and give it an honor able name amon g the 7ding companies of th is country. The difficult posi emof secretary is very effectively and thoroughly led by Mr. El. M. Stevens, who has been intimately nnected wit h fire Insuran ce for man y yea rs and has 8de host s of friends, in consequence of his geniality disposition and inflexible pro bity. In c onclusion it 7y be stated, as a matter o f si mple justice that the ,ricultural Insurance Company, of Watertown, New rk, has not only been profitable to th ose who are terested in its prosperity as stock holders but has en managed and conducted upon the enduring basis equity and honor.. 0.r. C. Patterson, the gen eral ent for the Eastern department is held in hee highest 8imation by the community for his man y e xcellent alities a nd gr eat financial abilities, and the New Irk br anc h under hi s auspices has every prospect of long and prosperou s career in the future. Mr. C. E. tterson is now associat e gener al age nt an d is emi ntly fitted for the responsible duties. J. & A. D. Grimond, Jute Yarns, Burlaps, Can s and Carpet Works, of Dundee, Scotland. W. Cunningham, New York Agent, No. 32 Reade :eet.-The immense factories of Messrs. J. & D. Grimond, at Dundee, Scotland, represent the hight achievements in this line, and are the out come of a ady constant growth, of the industry extending rough a period of many years, and indicative of the tinguished enterprise and energy of the members of s great house. The flrm's two establishments at mdee, are known respectively as the Maxweltown, d Bowbridge works, and are complete in their equiprnts for the spinning and manufacturing of the various ~des of Jute goods. The trade for their Burlaps, carpets d other goods early attained proportions of the greatest gnitude, and in 1869, to meet the growing demands the American trade, a branch house was established New York, which has had a continuous and prosrous career to date. The office and salesrooms are gibly and centrally located at No. 32 Reade street, lere is displayed a splendid assortment of tapestry, ussels and velvet carpets, &c., in original artistic tterns, and rich, harmonious colorings. These goods sold at prices which prove attractive to the closest yers, and have long held the lead for their excelice of quality and durability. The firm of Messrs. and A. D. Grimond, deserve the greatest credit for ecessfully developing such an important industry, d under its present able and enterprising managent, the New York house has secured a trade of eat magnitude, with superior connections amongst r leading jobbers and dealers. 1877 $ I,050,600 readers and the public is (irectcu Lu ilu Ag,,,.ulral Insurance Company, of Watertown, New York, which has not only weathered the storms of the late panics, but withstood unharmed the turmoils of thirty-one years, and is now one of the most reliable and responsible in the United States. Incorporated under general act of the New York Legislature in 1853, the past year has shown it to be stronger than at any period of its history. The history Of this company proves that a large business, managed with prudence, can be done with a very small profit from each risk, and afford perfect security, and by energy and prudence it has every year added a substantial amount to its assets, for the indemnity of its patrons. The statement given January 1st 1885, presents the finances of the company in a gratifying condition,viz: Capital,..................................... $ 500,000.00 Net assets, (to protect policy holders,)........ 1,722,588.88 Net Surplus to policy holders,..................... 634 551.29 Net Surplus to stockholders......................... 134,551.29 ASSETS. United States bonds...................................... 245,083.00 Other stocks and bonds................................. 151,698.50 Loans on bonds and mortgages, (1st lien,)... 909,621.43 Real estate owned by the company,............. 157,059.48 Loans on collaterals.................................... 58',931.04 Cash in comp'y's office and banks of deposit, 182,302.59 Premiums in due course of collection,..........,78,024.51 Total assets,................................. $1,782,720.55 LIABILITIES. Losses adjusted but not due,.......... $10.775.00 Losses unadjusted,........................ 32,665.00 All other demands and liabilities,.. 16,691.67 60,131.67 Net assets, for protection of policy holders................................................... $1,722,588.88 Capital stock................................ $500,000.00 Re-ins. reserve, (full N. Y. stand ard,).................................... 1,088,037.59 1,588,037.59 A. Donald, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Oils, &~, No. 519 Pearl Street.-Among the old established and popular merchants in this locality is Mr. A. Donald,who has conducted business in his present location for upwards of thirty-three years, and ranks to-day as one of the oldest in the city. Mr. Donald makes a specialty of oils for lubricating and illuminating purposes and lamps. His store is neatly fitted up and equipped with all the necessary conveniences for the facilitation of business, while long experience in this branch of trade, enables him to offer to his patrons many advantages. Mr. Donald is a persevering business man and deserves all the success he has attained, which has been but the natural result of the energy, enterprise and correct methods which have marked his business career. Net surplus (over capital, reserve and all liabilities,)............... 'his company has paid for losses since its organization,....... NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 199 $134,551.~ ,$4,347,737.8( NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Thomas C. Andrews, Plumber and Gas Fitter, 'No. 1098 N. Third Avenue, Opp. 166th Street.-In a l l the mechanical operations which enters into the construction of buildings in large cities there is none more important than that of perfect plumbing and gas fitting. Among those who give their entire attention to this business Is Thomas C. Andrews. This gentleman was born in Harlem in 1856, and has been continuously in business at his present location since 1879. His stock con sists of shower baths, water closets, hydrants, lift and force pumps, chandeliers, brackets, pendants, pillar lights, and gas fixtures, of every description. Range3 are set and repaired at very short notice. Mr. Andrexs.employs three competent workmen, and makes gas fitting and plumbing a specialty. He is doing a very satisfactory trade which extends throughout the entire city, and his manner of conducting business has beet,. such as to gain for him the respect and confidence of pa, trons and business circles. Ratman & Ackerman, Carpenters and Builders, No. 200 East 29th Street.-Among those who have gainers popularity in their line of business in this city, is tlxe firm of Raiman & Ackerman, carpenters and builders, who are located at No. 200 East 29th Street, near Lexington Avenue. The gentlemen composing the firm, W. IL. Raiman and D. H. Ackerman, were formerly with the old firm of a. E. Hume & Co., establishing themselves independently upon its dissolution. They are thorouga workmen, practical to the business, furnish estimates and make contracts for dwellings and buildings of all kinds, and also for alterations and general jobbing in the line that properly belongs to the carpenter an. builder. They have every facility and convenience in their shops for attending to all orders with promptness and dispatch, and guarantee everything undertaken by them, to be performed in the beat workman-like manner, and to give satisfaction as to durability and price. Williamsburgh Brewing Company, 170 Scholes' Street, Brooklyn.-The well known and justly celebrated brewery controlled by the above company was established in 1857 by Mr. John Schneider, whose energy and enterprise soon gave such an impetus to the business that he was enabled to increase his facilities and extend his trade to such an extent that the property was sought after by capitalists, who finally sueceeded in purchasing it of Mr. Schneider for a large consideration. The present company was then formed, and they still further enlarged the premises, until the buildings assumed their present large dimensions, taking up the whole of the Kupuziner block bounded by Meserole, Scholes and Humboldt streets. Every improved appliance is at hand for the effective prosecution of manufacture, and numerous tests have established the reputation of the beer produced. The extra beers of this firm, "Congress and Kupuziner", being of a pale and dark color respectively are brewed expressly for bottling purposes, and are in demand in this country and abroad. The present output of the brewery, which is over 100,000 barrels per annum, is insufficient to supply the increasingdemands, and further enlargement will be imperative in the near future. Mr. Leopold Bernheimer, the able manager of the establishment, is thoroughly practical and is familiar with all the details of the trade. His tact, energy, and close personal supervision have resulted in placing the Williamsburgh Brewing Company at the head of the trade. Juistus Cooke, Proprietor of Cooke'S $;; Warehouse for Household Furniture, Nos. 210 and 212 East 125th Street, and No. 2293 Third Avenue.-It is with pleasure we are enabled (after a careful inspection) to recommend the great storage warehouses of Mr. S. E. Cooke, to the favorable attention of the public. Mr. Cooke is a thoroughly practical business man. Born in the state of Ohio, he removed to this city some fifteen years ago, and in 1875, having recognized the growing need there was for a strictly first-class and spacious storage warehouse in the upper part of the city, he in 1875, opened his present fine establishment in conjunction with his popular auction business. His storage warehouses are the largest in Harlem. They have frontage of 50 feet in 125th street, by 100 feet in depth, with a frontage on Third avenue of 25 feet with a depth of 100 feet. All three buildings are five stories in height, and were constructed with special reference to every requirement of the storage business, having 260 separate rooms all in the finest condition and of a graduated scale of sizes, affording private accommodation to any extent required. There is an elevator to take up the furniture &c., and Mr. Cooke employs none but the most careful and reliable men, while he himself personally superintends the work of storage or delivery, guaranteeing satisfaction in every case. Mr. Cooke has built up a large and permanent patronage. He is very popular as an active and successful auctioneer, his sales being crowded, all furniture, &c., being sold exactly on its merits without misrepresenta tion and his prompt straight-forward methods and congenial and obliging disposition render him a favorite with buyers and sellers and with all classes of the community. Edvwin A, Hayes) United States rlegulation Life Raft, Nos. 262 and 263 West Street.-In the inve ntion of this raft, Mr. Hayes has produced one of the most durable and valuable inventions of the age. It was approved by James A. Dumont, Supervising Inspector General, and the Board of Supervising Inspectors of Steam Vessels,at their session in Washington held in 1883, and was also highly endorsed by Charles J. Folger, Secretary of the Treasury, in the same year. It has one-third more buoyancy, and weighs much less than other rafts; it is more easily handled, and for durability It will outlast the vessel it is put on. The raft may be run down by the vessel passing over it, it may be dashed upon rocks or, in launching, it may be hurled against the vessel's side. but wind holes cannot be punched in it, and no matter which side comes up when thrown from the deck, that side will be the "right side up." There is no rust or corrosion, and no danger from the action of salt air. In addition to these rafts, every description of life saving appliances may be found at Mr. Hayes' commodious salesrooms. Mr. Hayes is one of the best;knowa dealers in his line. John J. Carroll, Wholesale Dealer in Bottles and Demijohns, No. 223 West 32nd Street.-This business was founded about twenty years ago, and for many years it was conducted by Mr. D. C0. Carroll who was succeeded by the present proprietor. The premises occupied are spacious and afford every facility for the proper prosecution of the business, and Mr. Carroll is an extensive dealer in bottles and demijohns. He does a large trade which extends to all points, while his stock is one of the most complete in its line in th e country. As a business man, Mr. Carroll enjoys an excellent reputation for honorable, straightforward methods. P. Rolet's Iron Yard, No. 237 West 26th Street.-Mr. P. Rolet started in business in 1854, and has occupied his present location for twenty years. He deals extensively in old iron, brass, copper, lead, zinc, and all kinds of metals for which he is at all times prepared to pay the highest cash prices. By years of fair dealing Mr. Rolet has built up a prosperous business. He has always taken an active interest in every movement that had for its object the advancement of this section of the city. 200 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. porcelains. The firm is located in a five-storied brick building with a fine white marble front, oc cupying the first floor and two basements, each having a capacity of 35x20 feet; and in addition to this the Messrs. Isaacs' control free and bonded warehouses, which are filled with goods. The showroom is magnificent and the goods are of an A No. 1 quality. Messrs R. Isaacs and I. Isaacs compose the firm and are natives of Germany, but have been in the United States since 1853, and have made an honorable business record, in a community of merchants. (tueen Insurance Company, James A. McDonald, Manager, Nos. 37 and 39 Wall Street.-The fire insurance business of New York city is one of its most important interests, and in its detail and successful management is invested a vast capital, affording protection to prop erty that could not possibly be secured by any other means. It proves to be one of the greatest encourage ments to the city's advancement and improvement, and capitalists are enabled to invest their money in the erection of large and expensive buildings, and mer chants are able to purchase very extensive stocks of merchandize with a feeling of confidence that a confla gration will not sweep away their investments entirely beyond their grasp. Without the organizations now engaged in affording protection against the loss by fire New York would not present the splendid appearance that it does to-day, with lofty and expensive buildings, equal if not superior to any in the world. In investi gating the source of this security the writer was led to examine the numerous companies now calendared as doing business in this department, and from the whole to select a few of the more representative companies, those that fulfilled the purpose for which they were organized, that of insuring against loss by fire, and the payment of such losses when they were regularly declared as such. In the number so selected, mention must be made of the famous Queen Insurance Company of Liverpool,England, a branch of which was established in this country a number of years ago, and whose New York offices are located at Nos. 37 and 39 Wall street. Its progress has been marked by a management of sound executive and financial ability, resulting in the presenting before the general public at the end of each year of a statement that speaks for itself in the strongest terms, and forms the most convincing proof and argument to insurers, passing through the severe ordeals of financial panics, each of which seems to have placed the Queen Insurance Company upon a surer and safer basis, and added some additional safe-guard to its solidity. In comparison with other companies, the Queen presents one of the strongest statements that is put forward and well worthy of the consideration of the community. ASSETS HELD W THE UNITED STATES, JANUARY 1,1885. Real Estate, company's building.................. $354,260.30 U.S. Gov. bonds and other securities........... 1,205,301.09 Cash in bank and other assets,..................... 200,758.58 $1,760,319.97 Kenyon, Baldwzn & Co., Country Produce Merch ants, Nos. 4 & 5 Manhattan Market, 34th Street and 11th Avenue.-The produce trade of New York em braces no more active enterprising and thoroughly reliable house, with an established reputation than that of Messrs. Kenyon, Baldwin and Company. The firm is composed of Mr. D. A. Kenyon, Mr. William Baldwin, Mr. G. M. Kenyon and Mr. W. J. Severn, and has been established in business since 1873. It was first located on 29th street, subsequently removing in 1880 to Manhattan market, where it has since been permanently located, and now occupies two of the most eligible stores in the place. They are Nos. 4 and 5, are 50 feet by 60 in dimensions, two stories in height, with direct rail connections in the rear, and afford every facility for the transaction of the large business carried on by this house. They handle annually from four hundred and fifty to five hundred and fifty car loads of state potatoes, apples, or about 80,000 barrels, Canada turnips and other staples, and command a strictlyfirst-class city trade. Mr. Baldwin is a native New Yorker, and a talented and experienced merchant. The Messrs. Kenyon are both natives of Washington county, and have been identified with the produce trade from their earliest entrance into commercial life. Mr. Severn is likewise energetic and well posted in produce, and the firm is thus in every way well equipped for business inclusive of a large capital sufficient to enable them to easily handle the immense amount of goods they annually dispose of. The partners are members of the Manhattan Hay and Produce Exchange, and are held in high esteem by their fellow members. Unpai d losses...............................................te. $152,492.09 Unearned premiums,................................... 872,642.28 All other liabilities....................................... 3,273.34 $1,028,407.n The Queen Insurance Company, by its just methods and prompt adjustment of all losses, has secured a leading position among the companies in the United States, and ~ s such deserves a prominent position in this historical ~review of New York's progressive business interests. R. Isaacs & Bro., Japanese and Chinese Goods, rTo. 623 Broadway.-This house was originally estabished in the state of California in the year.1854, where r. continued the business for a period of twenty-two . ears, removing thence to this city, where it has occu*ied its present quarters for the past eight years. This rm is the largest importer and exporter in its line ~ f goods to be found in the country. Five men are kept onstantly on the road as commercial agents, who con;nue to extend the already large business of the house. 'he firm does a wholesale and retail trade, and its -ansactions are co-extensive with the limits of the inited States, which is supplemented by a large trade , Europe. The stock is very large and consists of apanese and Chinese goods, fans, curios, lacquers and 201 E. P. Sandkuhl, Importer and Dealer In Wines and Liquors, No. 212 Fulton Street.-Prominent among the enterprising and old established wine and liquor merchants of the city is Mr. E. P. Sandkuhl, of No. 212 Fulton street. The business was originally established about forty years ago, by Mr. N. Luhra, who was suc ceeded by the,present proprietor about twenty years ago. The store is very eligibly located and there is constantly on hand one of the finest assorted stocks In the city of pure wines, cordials, brandies, whiskies, etc. Only the standard brands of foreign and domestic liquors are dealt in, and as a consequence each year has witnessed an increase of stock and facilities, with a corresponding enlargement of trade. The goods are sold free or in bond, and are received direct from the producers. The quality and purity of wines and liquors are so much a matter depending on the honor of the house from which they are obtained, that dealers find it to their advantage to procure supplies from those flrms whose long established reputation make their representations perfectly reliable. ]In connection with his down-town house, a branch was established in 1879 at ]No. 298 6th avenue for the especial benefit of his up-town patrons. The venture has proved a success, and a lucrative and constantly growing trade has been developed. Mr. Sandkuhl is an old resident of the city and well known In mercantile circles, and Is held in the highest estimation for his honorable business principles, and his straightforward manner of transacting business. L]EABI[LITIES. 202 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRILS. The Maryland Union Coal Company, Miners of for his great executive ability a;d sterling Integrity, t The Maryland UuIiois Coal Company, Mlincs of Boyce's George's Creek and Frianklin Coal; Offices, Nos. 1 and 3, Chamber of Commerce Building, Baltimore, Md., and Nos. 13,15and 17Cortlandt Street, N.Y. -It has been well said that the mineral resources of a country are like a pocket-book full of United States bills to an individual, they are condensed and compress ed wealth. The frost or burning sun may cause to fail the crops, which man, by the sweat of his brow, has sought to develop; disease, pestilence or bisiness stagnation may bring to a standstill mills and factories, but the rich, deep, valuable mines are the world's imperishable real estate. No one can over-estimate the value and importance of the coal interests of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and like almost all other industries of the United States, its centre is to be found in New York City. Prominent among the firms engaged in this business is the Maryland Union Coal Company, Miners of Boyce's, Georges Creek, Franklin Coal, which was incorporated under the laws of the State of Maryland in 1879, and whose New York offices are located at Nos. 13, 15 and 17 Cortlandt Street. The secretary, Mr. James Boyce, Jr., also acts as agent for the Gaston Gas Coal Company, whose bituminous coal for the manufacture of gas is unrivalled, and which is supplied in large quantities to the Manhattan, Brooklyn, Nassau and Williamsburg gas companies, and also the Philadelphia Gas Trust and Baltimore Gas Light companies, which are using large quantities of this coal yearly. The scene of action has been always located at Locust Point, Baltimore, where, since 1851, Mr. Boyce, the president, has bteen a large owner of real estate. In 1853 he built his first coal pier or wharf at that place. It was at that time a modern structure, and served well the purpose to which it was adapted. Using this for two years he disposed of it by sale to the Cumberland Coal and Iron Company, and on ground immediately adjoining, constructed another of the same architecture and material, namely of wood. These wharves were used for the next fourteen years, when decay told the story,and Mr. Boyce determined to erect others of material that would be lasting, substantial and convenient. Iron was decided upon, and without delay work begun. The first step taken was to drive piles at a distance of six feet apart down to a solid foundation and cut them off at dead low water mark. On these piles were placed timbers of dimensions 12x12, which is called capping, and which was bolted to each pile, making a most firm bed on which to build the flooring. The floor is of eight inches yellow pine bolted to the capping; this forms the foundation of the masonry. The masonry consists of solid granite pedestals six feet in height, at a distance of five feet apart; capping eac h pedestal is a solid granite block, which receives and supports the shoe of the iron trestle. In this shoe rests the channel iron supports of the upper or shipping decks of these massive piers. The upper deck is laid in the most substantial manner of the best Georgia pine. These iron piers branch out in form of a Y, being each seven hundred and fifteen feet in length, and thirty-six feet in width. Three hundred tons of channel iron, and about one million,feet of lumber were used in the construction. The bulk head is of solid granite, forming a barrier against the possible falling in of the bank from any cause. The cost of these splendid piers was over $80,000, and they are a monument of everlasting memory to their projector and owner, James Boyce. The east pier has eight side chutes and one end, and are so conveniently arranged that four large vessels can lo ad with e ase at the same time. The west pier has Eive side chutes and one end, three vessels can load at this pier at the same time, making a total capacity for loading seven large or teu ordinary size vessels simalt.3~eously with five to e1tut thousand tons of coal daily. Thle preendent and treasurer, Mr. James Boyze, Is too widely known and esteemed Brokaw Brothers, Men's, Boys' and Children's Fine Clothing, Nos. 28 to 36 Fourth Aven ue, Nos. 22 to 26 Astor Place, Nos. 60 to 64 Lafayette Place.-As one of the houses in this linain of business which have been foremost in promotin g the standard o f e le gance in dress, that of Msess r s. Brokaw Brothers i s of special importance. The enterprise was originally founded in 1856 by the present proprietors, who since that period have built up a very large business. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious, and comprise a splendid series of warerooms, etc., located at Nos. 28 to 36 Fourth avenue, Nos. 22 to 26 Astor Place, Nos. 60 to64 Lafayette place. Upwards of one hundred and eighty assistants and salesmen are employed, and an inspection of the stock reveals the fact that the clothing shown here is largely made from the finest productions of foreign and domestic looms, by skilled designers and workmen, and in fact, the whole of the goods are made up in every particular with the same skill, care and attention which are bestowed on the same class of garments by merchant tailors to order. For the convenience of their customers itsiding out of the city, the firm has established a ready made order department, for the exclusive care of all its out-of-town orders, and patrons can implicitly rely that all commissions will be promptly and efficiently attended to. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. I. V. and W. V. Brokaw, both natives of New York. Mr. I. V. Brokaw is a member of the Union League Club, and president of the board of trustees of 4th Avenue Pre&byterian (Dr. Crosby's) Church, while his brother, W. V. Brokaw, is a director of the Bowery Sayinp Bank. Wfiiam -aux, Manufacturer of Buckskin Gloves, etc., No. 361 Pearl Street.-This house was established in 1873 by the present proprietor. Mr. Haux is a type of the self-made man, who rises by his own exertions from a humble beginning to a foremost position in his line of business. Commencing life as an ordinary operative, by industry and frugality, he acquired the necessary experienee and capital for the growing business of which he is the sole proprietor. The premises occupied are fully stocked with buckskin gloves, mittens made by hand, polishing skins for jewelers, piano forte leather, black and colored buckskin for saddlers, buckskin shirts, drawers, suspenders, etc. Mr. Haux is a native of Germany and arrived in this country in 1852. He Is a business man meriting the success attains by his skill and perseverance. 202 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. for his great executive ability atid sterling Integrity, to require any extended comnients at our hands, and worthily presides over the large and rapidly increasing interests of the company. The secretary, Ml,. J Boyce, Jr., who has been long identified with the Company, has, by his energy and gentlemanly deportment toward those with whom he is thrown in contact made himself quite popular among the coal purchasing public. He Is an energetic and enterprising gentleman, well versed In the onerous duties which he perfo and is widely known for his business ability as well as for the honorable manner in which he attends to all the company's Interests. The coals handled by this company are unsurpassed for quality, and have gained an enviable reputation from all classes of consumers. All orders are promptly filled, and it is the earnest endeavor of the company to merit, by the strictest principles of commercial Integrity, a continuance of the support it has already obtained. The long experience in the New York coal trade which Messrs. Boyce possess, give them peculiar facilities for this branch of business, and their high character is a sufdcient assurance, that all transactions will receive faithful attention. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 203 . entire confidence of the business public by its prompt and equitable methods of adjustment, and the liberal, yet conservative policy which has for nearly two centuries characterized its operations. Robert L. Fa bian, Expert Accountant and Auditor, No. 140 N assau S treet.-Prominent among the leading expert accountants of the metropolis is Mr. Robert L. Fabian, whose office is at No 140 Nassau street, Morse Building. For the past twenty-five years he has made this profession a specialty, and has unravelled the most intricate mysteries in the way of accounts for many of our largest commercial and financial institutions. He has been entrusted with the most important commercial secrets, and has been professionally engaged by the highest legal and commercial houses and corporations, and in all cases has sustained the confidence placed in his integrity and ability. As an accountant and auditor he is considered one of the best in the United States, and that his talent is appreciated, is evinced by the long list of representative financial, legal, and mercantile houses who have had occasion to use his services. Mr. Fabian is an old and respected resident of the metropolis. During a busy career, covering over a quarter century of active commercial life, he has maintained a reputation for integrity and honorable dealing of which any man might feel proud. Sun Fire Insurance Company,-London, England, United States Branch Office, Watertown, New York. Manager, Metropolitan District, 78 Cedar Street. Trus tees' Office, 120 Broadway.-There is nosingle interest that effects the business community with the same degree of importance, as that of a sure protection against loss by fire. This result can be secured only t h r o u g h the medium of a well regulated, honestly cond u c t e d fire insurance company; one that not only issues a policy, but adjusts the probable loss as soon as such is s t a t e d and clearly known. In this work i t is des ieed that the subject of insurance should occupy a position commensurate with its importance, and in accordance therewith, mention will be made of only the more prominent companies conducting business in this city. Among this number, the Sun Fire Insurance Company of London, England, stands foremost as a remarkable instance of what can be effected by honorable and faithful management. The "Sun" is the oldest fire company in the world, its date of organization being A. D. 1710. This formation ante-dates the passage of the Limited Liability Act; and the share-holders are, as stated in the charter, each "solidarity responsible for the liabilities of the company with their whole fortunes." The Sun Fire Insurance Company commenced business in the United States, August 1st, 1882, making a deposit at that date of $700,000 with the insurance department of the state of New York, for the general benefit and security of all the policy holders in this country. Passing through the severe ordeals of financial crisis and devastating conflagrations, each of which appears to have left their impression, only in placing the company upon a surer and safer basis, and enshrined it with some additional safe guards for the policy holder. This corna pany is recommended to the public, not only for its acknowledged stability, but for the well known character it has obtained for the just and prompt payment of all claims made upon it during an existence of 175 years. In comparison with other companies of the United States, the "Sun" presents one of the strongest statements that is put forth, and well worthy of careful consideration, and is as follows; ASSETS. G. E. Maltby, Packer and Wholesale Dealer in Bulk and Shell Oyst ers, Clams, &c., No. 41 Harrison Street.-Mr. G. E. Ma ltby is o ne of t he larg est and most extensive packers and wholesale dealers in bulk and shell oysters and clams located in this market. He succeeded t o th e business originally estab lished by his father, Mr. Lucius Maltby, more than sixty years ago. This ent erprise or iginated in New Haven, Conn., and from a very moderate be ginning, through industry, energy and ability it has been developed to its present proportions. The oyster mostly handled by Mr. Maltby are the choice, rich salt bivalves, which come from the Southern waters off the coast of Virginia. Mr. Maltby supplies a large local demand, many of our largest and best restaurants, hotels, saloons receiving all their supplies from this reliable establishment. Mr. Maltby supplies a large and increasing trade all throughout New York State, and the Northern States generally, and to Canada he exports heavy supplies. Mr. Maltby in addition to his oyster interests does an extensive business in foreign and domestic fruits and produce. In the South where Mr. Maltby was formerly engaged in business he enjoys valuable business connections. At No. 41 Harrison street, he occupies commodious premises which are admirably fitted up and arranged according to the requirements of this business. Personally the head of this establishment is a well informed, genial, courteous gentleman, whose success in business is the direct result of the assiduity, ability and enterprise put into it. F. B. Caswell & Co., Manufacturers' Agents, No. 48 Dey Street.-Messrs. Morrison & Caswell are among our best known and most reliable manufacturers' agents, and their connection is both large and influential. They are possessed of peculiar advantages for influencing trade, and consignments or interests entrusted to their charge, receive the benefit of their extended experience, energy, enterprise and shrewd appreciation of opportunity. Among prominent firms for which they are agents are the Albany Chemical Co., Canning & Patch, of Boston, manufacturing pharmacists, Nathaniel Clapp & Son, Dedham, Mass., Geo. Blair & Son, Corry, Penn., and others, all well known and reputable manufacturing concerns. Mr. Caswell, was at one time assistant in the laboratory of the New York College of Pharmacy, and both himself and Mr. Morrison, are well known and popular members of social and business circles. U.S. Bonds..................................................... $887,037.50 Bonds and mortgages................................... 450, 927.09 Cash in National Park Bank, N.Y.,..............an n anr al r h 50,550.16 Cash in U. S. National Bank, N.Y.,................ 50,590.78 Cash in Office and Bank at branch office...... 73,794.69 Net premiums in course of collection............ 159,883.46 Total Assets,.............................. $1,672,783,68 LIABILITIES. Losses unpaid, not due............... $117,158.00 Unearned prem. fund,................. 856,483.02 973,641.02 Surplus to policy holders.................... $699,142.66 The trustees and executive officers in the United States are: Trustees, George D. Morgan, General G. B. McClellan, H. M. Alexander and U.S. Gilbert, United States agent; Manager Metropolitan District, R. C. Rathbone. The trustees are n. ot only well and favorably known in the financial world for their integrity and ability, but in their business capacity give to the "Sun" I their very best efforts and energy to promote its success. The exacting office of metropolitan manager is very effectively and thoroughly filled by Mr. R. C. Rathbone, a gentleman who has been intimately connected with fire insurance for many years, and is greatly respected by the community for his unswerving honor and geniality of disposition. The offices are located at No. 120 Broadway, entrance 78 Cedar street, where all information relative to rates, etc., is cheerfully given. From its inception the business of the "Sun" has increased with each succeeding year, until at the present day it occupies a most prominent position in the United States and Great Britain, and has secured the NEW YORKIS LFADING INDUSTRIES. 203 204 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ — The Bower-Barff Rustless Iron Company, No. free of charge to intending licensees and pamphlets con85 Broadway.-Iron and steel always suffer more or less taining the fullest details, together with letters from from rust, especially when exposed to the influence of manufacturers and articles from home and foreign jour. fresh and salt water, and the complete protection of nalsmay be obtained on application at the company's these metals is much to be desired. A great number of offices. anti-rust compounds have been continually brought John H. Draper & Co., Auctioneers, Nos. 85 and 87 before the public and signally failed, and consequently Front Street.-On e of the most useful facto rs In mercanthe use of iron for many purposes in the arts has been tile life in all large cities Is the auctioneer. He must greatly restricted. The discovery of Messrs. Barff and have, to b e succ essful, the en tire confidence of the comBower of the process bearing their names, has supplied m unity and also possess a th orough kn owledge of the demand for an absolute protection against rusting merchandisety and Individuals. A possess a thorough knowledge ofenby all ordinary influences. The coating is a magnetic merchandise and individuals. A prominent house en by all ordinary Influences. The coating is a magnetic gaged in the business of general auctioneers is that of oxide of iron formed on the surface by the exposure of Messrs. John H. Draper & Co., Nos. 85 and 87 Front themetl t th ani ni arbnicoxie ad crboicMessrs. John H. Draper &s Co., Nos. 85 and 87 Front the metal to the action of carbonic oxide, and carbonic street, which was established in 1864, and since Its foundacid gases, by a very inexpensive method. The wide- ation at that period has built up a liberal patronage spread application of this process to every variety of from many of our leading coffee and tea importers. iron work in Europe since 1880, has demonstrated the The premises occupied are very spacious and are fitted truth of its preservative properties, and in this country up with every necessary convenience and appliance, it has been in daily use at the Hecla Architectural Iron for the pu rpos e of meeting the wants of the tea and Works, Brooklyn, as well as in Philadelphia, Hartford coffee trade. Messrs. John H. Draper & Co., are conand Jersey City. The following gentlemen prominent coffee trade Mei i rs. John i. Draper & Co., are genin their various avocations, constitute the board of di- stantly receiving consignments of teas, coffees and genrectors and officners of the company: Directors-Pro eral merchandise, and possess every facility for transfessor Geo. W. Maynard, Rossiter W. Raymond,Ph. D. acting all business under the most favorable auspices, Gent Chas. C. MDodge, late of Phelps, Dodge & Co., S and are always prepared to grant their customers every V. White, iels Poulson,a of the Hecla Iron Works, and possible advantage. Satisfaction is guaranteed to conV. White, Niels Poulson, o f th e Hesla ]Ir on Works, and signors in all cases, and the vigorous growth of the busJohn Bowe r, of Rochester. Officers.-Geo. W..Maynard, iness, is the best possible proof of the superior faciSecresitary and Engine; S.V. White, Treasurer; R. W. Raymond, Ph. KuD., Conhardt, ties they offer for aprompt realization at good prices Secretary and Engineer; R. The Bower-Baryf companyd, Ph.D., Con- for produce and merchandise. Their auction sales are dultiny organized undneer the Bolaws of the state of New Yorker-Barff company has been largely attended by discerning buyers, who are able duwith a capital orgf 5,(), anized wiunder the laws of the state of New York,d su- constantly to obtain excellent bargains in consequence with a capital of $750,000, and with the above board su- of the unrivalled character of the merchandise offered. pervising the business of the institution, it cannot fail of the unrividualled charactmember of thise merchandise offership ared. to continue its successful career and to grow in impor- Messrs. John H. Draper and Geo. T. Kellock, who are tance each succeeding year. At the inauguration of thoroughly conversant with every detail of this importhe new Produce Exchange, the sharp-eyed reporters tant branch of commerce, and are esteemed by the overlooked the only thing about the building which is community as business men o f rare energy and upright unique, the circumstance namely, that the beautiful private c it ize ns. The activity and enterprise of this architectural iron work, made by the Hecla Iron Works r escible he nd enterprise its of Bookyn,hasbee trate bythenewBowr-Brffresponsible house need not be recounted, since its of Brooklyn, has been treated by the new Bower-Barff merits are fully recognized by our most eminent process to protect it from rust. The following medals mer chants. have been awarded for specimens of iron treated by the mercn. Bower-Barff process: Gold medal, Cincinnati Exhi- Henry Sturcke, Grocer, Seventh Avenue, Corner bition 1884; gold medal, Melbourne Exhibition, 1881; two 125th Street.-Among the well known and popular silvel medals, Paris Exhibition, 1878; special silver grocers doing business in Harlem there are none enmedal, American Institute, New York, 1883; silver joying a better reputation than Mr. Henry Sturcke, who medal, Society of Arts, 1876; bronze medal, Sydney, occupies a fine store at the corner of Seventh Avenue 1880; bronze medal, Yorkshire Fine Art and Industrial and 125th street, which is one of the features of that Exhibition, 1879; bronze medal, Royal Cornwall Poly- thoroughfare. The store is admirably arranged and technic Society, 1879; two silver medals, London Ex. provided with every convenience for business. purposes, hibition, 1884; bronze medal, American Institute, New and contains one of the finest lines of fancy and staple York, 1884, for rustless hollow-ware manufactured by groceries to be found in upper New York. The stock W.T. Wells, New York, one of the company's licensees. includes canned goods of all kinds, condiments and The process is applicable to all forms of cast and table delicacies, a specialty being made of first-class wrought iron and steel where the surfaces are not China and Japan teas. This stock has been selected subjected to very severe friction. It will, as soon expressly for the requirements of a first class trade and as it is properly known, supplant the expensive and in it will be found the finest and best that is brought usually unsatisfactory method of galvanizing, and for into the city, as Mr. Sturcke has unsurpassed facilities culinary utensils will take the place of tinning and en- for procuring his supplies direct, and can offer induceamelling. It will greatly increase the use of iron for ments that cannot readily be found elsewhere. He has structural and building purposes, and will be a boon to also the choicest and most fragrant coffees, and the the architect who will thus have an opportunity of in- leading brands of family flour, and at all times new and troducing ornate and florid designs to an extent, which fresh creamery butter, of which he is a superior judge. would on account of the great cost be impossible in Mr. Stureke, is a native of the city and is well known stone or other building material. It is impossible to and highly estemed as an enterprising and progressive mention in a short sketch all the uses and applications of man. He has been established in this line of trade for this wonderful process, which will completely protect the past five years having had an extensive experience. from rust anything made of iron or steel, a category The trade is a good one and is growing rapidly in which includes general structural work, art metal extent and importance. Mr. Stureke has become well work, guns, wrought and cast pipe, sanitary fittings known throughout this section of the city as a firstand such minor articles as household, hardware and class grocer who looks after the interests of customers culinary utensils. The company grantslapplications for with a zealous care and guarantees all orders being licenses or disposes of territorial rights, and furnishes filled with the best in the market. He is a young man complete working drawings and estimates for erecting who is thoroughly familiar with every detail of his their furnaces. The fullest facilities are afforded for business, and his industry and perseverane arebein9 testing and studying theprocess. Sample loisaretreated rewarded with success. NEW YORKIS LFADING INDUSTRIES. 204 free of charge to tfitending licensees and pamphlets coniaining the fullest details, together with letters from manufacturers and articles from home and foreign j ournalsmay be obtained on application at the company'a offices. John H. Draper & Co., Auctioneers, Nos. 85 and 87 Front Street.-One of the most useful factors In mereantile life In all large cities Is the auctioneer. He must have, to be successful, the entire con:ftdence of the community and also possess a thorough knowledge of merchandise and Individuals. A prominent house engaged In the business of general auctioneers Is that of Messrs. John H. Draper & Co., Nos. 85 and 87 Front street, which was established In 1864, and since Its foundation at that period has built up a liberal patronage from many of our leading coffee and tea Importers. The premises occupied are very spacious and are fitted up with every necessary convenience and appliance, for the purpose of meeting the wants of the tea and coffee trade. Messrs. John H. Draper & Co., are constantly receiving consignments of teas, coffees and general merchandise, and possess every facility for transacting all business under the most favorable auspices, and are always prepared to grant their customers every possible advantage. Satisfaction Is guaranteed to consignors In all cases, and the vigorous growth of the business, Is the best possible proof of the superior facilities they offer for a prompt realization at good Prices for produce and merchandise. Their auction sales are largely attended by discerning buyers, who are able constantly to obtain excellent bargains in consequence of the unrivalled character of the merchandise offered. The individual members of this Copartnership are Messrs. John H. Draper and Geo. T. Kellock, who are thoroughly conversant with every detail of this important branch of commerce, and are esteemed by the community as business men of rare energy and upright private citizens. The activity and enterprise of this responsible house need not be recounted, since its merits are fully recognized by our most eminent merchants. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 205~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ unpaid claims, an evidence of the early attention paid to all claims of policy holders. This company is nota bly run on the most economical basis, and the manage ment is as honorable as it is talented and reliable. The company has steadily increased its assets from 1859 up to the present time, in the face of severe com petition, and the total premiums received by it since its organization amount to nearly $3,100,000, while it has paid losses to a grand total of upwards of$1,380,000, and declared cash dividends to the extent of some $1,700,000. Thivs isa record and a showing of which the officers and directors may well feel justifiably proud, and the com pany stands to-day upon a firmer and better basis than ever, offering absolute security to the insured, and prompt indemnity in case of loss by fire. Becker B-others, Bookbinders' Stamp Cutters and General Engravers, Nos. 5 and 7 East 4th Street. Messrs. PLilip and George Becker have been engaged together as co-partners since the year 1881. They are both natives of Boston, Mass., and succeeded the old firm of Skelton & Co. They are manufacturers of book binders' stamp cutters and general engravers. These brothers through many years experience have acquired proficiency in this department of trade, and rank among the best mechanics employed in this branch of labor in the city of New York. Among their patrons they num ber some of the largest and best publishing firms in the city, such as Trow & Co,, Dodd, Mead & Co., Putnam Sons & Co., and others equally prominent. Engravings suitable for general book work, principally designs for covers, are their stronghold. The machinery used by this concern is of the most modern and improved construction and has been built and put up new by this enterprising and rising firm. Six experienced assistants are employed and they are at present behind in orders, their space and facilities being taxed to their utmost capacity. Mechanically Becker Brothers stand very high, and commarchady aO they are also held in much esteem. J. Buns Brown, Successor to (harles J. Betts, Manufacturer of Piano-Fortes, No. 8 Union Square, Fourth Avenue.-The manufacture of pianos Is one of the great industries of the United States, a leading representative in Fourth Avenue being Mr. J. Burns Brown. This house woriginally established in 1797, by Mr. Geib, at No. 11 Maiden Lie, and after various changes of location was eventually removed to its present eligible position. In 1860, Mr. Betts succeeded to the business, and in January, 1385, was succeeded by the present proprietor. The house enjoys a liberal and influential patronage, in consequence of the superiority of the instruments. Mr. Brown is a gentleman having a thorough knowledge of this branch of business in every department, and is well known for the general excellence of his square and upright pianos, which combine a sweetness and brilliancy of tone, with easy Pacton. The premises occupied are commodious, and are stocked with an excellent assortment of Steinway's, Weber's, Chickering's, etc., in addition to pianos of his own manufacture. These instruments are made from well seasoned materials, and are always warranted. Pianos and organs are sold on the installment principle, or let, according to the wishes of customers. Mr. Brown also attends to tuning and repairing. He is a native of New York, and wAs formerly in partnership with Braebach, onEat Seventeenth street. Mr. Brown learned the piano mansturing busiess in this hiu, enter. hag into its employ when a boy of fifteen years of age, and now, after eighteen years, he is sole proprietor. The popularity of the concern since Mr. Brown's as. suming the entire control has steadily increased, the orders showing sensible addition; and we may reason. ably assume that the trade will in the future largely expand under his Judicious, and energetic nmnagement. City Fire Insurance Company; Offices, No. 111 Broadway.-The history of the rise and progress of the leading fire insurance companies of the city of New York is one of the most interesting topics to business men that can be discussed, and thus a careful effort is made in these pages to give accurate information in regard to the old established and conservatively man aged companies, which have so long and so satisfac torily afforded absolute protection to their policy holders Prominentamongthe number thus referred to is the City Fire Insurance Company, of No. 111 Broadway. This company was duly organized on April 26th, 1833, and commenced business on the 6th of the following month of June. The affairs of this corporation were ably managed from the start, and its career has been an exemplification of the great principle that permanent success lies rather in prudent and conservative management, with fair dealing toward the public, and the prompt adjustment of all losses, than in al- short roads to success by means of taking ill-advis d risks, and lack of true economy and care in carry ing on the businsss. The City today is one of the strongest and best balanced fire insurance companies in the netropolis, and stands on its basis of safely invested assets and large surplus, as solid as a rock. The credit for this belongs to the management and the board of directory. The president, Mr. Samuel Townsen(. Joined the executive ranks of the company in the year it was founded, and about 1853 was appointed its seretary. In 1871 his abilities were given increased scope for exercise, as he was in that year electedto the presidency, and has since permanently continued to preside over the company's operations, ably guiding it in the midst of strong competition and low premiums, anact proving that he has thoroughly mastered th e s cience of successful fire insurance. President Townsend was boln at Herrick, Queen's County, Long Island, in 1815, and i3 still hale and hearty-the well-preserved, active business maL. The company's esteemed secretary, Mr. DLvid J. Biauvelt, was born in Rockland county, N. Y, in 1831, and on lrst entering the business world was for a time in the Erie railroad offices. In 1853 he entered the office of the City Fire Insurance Company, and upon Mr. Tomsend's election to the presidency in 1871 he was promptly chosen secretary, and has since ably and faithfully discharged the onerous duties devolving upon hem, and is a recognized pablic authority on fire insurance. He receives valued assistance from the assistant secretary, Mr. A. L. Hyde, a gentleman of superior qualifications, and possessed of a thorough knowledge of the principles of fire underwriting. The management is much indebted for counsel and advice tothe following influential board of directors: William H. Macy, Samuel Raynor, John A. Stewart, Henry Barrow, Samuel Townsend, Edwin Hyde, Silvanus S. Townsend, Henry Camerden, Jr., David B. Powell, David J. Blauvelt, Charles M. Field, Thomas Hitchcock, Samuel H. St. John. The above representative list of names speaks for itself, and includes leading merchants and capitalists, whose honorable records are too widely known to require any comment in this connection. The paid up capital stock of the company is $210,000, while its assets amount to the large sum of $390,000. A pleasing feature illustrative of the conservative policy of the management is the method of investment of the assets, the principal portion, $239,562 50, being held in the shape of U.S. bonds, while a large portion of the rest is invested in loans on bond and mortgage, and the balance in choice railway stocks. As against this fine array of assets, the company had at the beginning of 1885 but $27,000 of liabilities, with a surplus beyond all liabilities of no less than $152,768.65. A reserve for reInsurance of $25,000 is maintained,while to give the public an idea of its unfailingpromptitude in meeting losses, we may state that it has less tan$OOin NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 205 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. W. G. Dean & Son,Manufacturers of Ardenter Mus- his line. He employs only the most skilled trade& tards, Mass and Stick Licorice, Nos.357and359Washing- men, and all orders entrusted to his care are executed ton Street.-This widely known house was foundedin 1831 in the most perfect manner. He makes a specialty of by Mr. J. D. Herring, who came to this country from repairing fine carriages and renovating, for which, when England about twelve years previous to that date, and desired, careful estimates will be furnished. He also in 1844, having associated himself with Mr. Dean, com- purchases and sells carriages on commission. Mr. menced the manufacture of mustards. Mr. Herring Brown has established an excellent reputation for firstdied in 1851 and the firm became Dean & Bogart, being class work at reasonable prices, and of his honorable subsequently changed, in 1862, to Dean & Church, and straight-forward methods much could be written. Suffinally to W. G. Dean & Son. The mustard prepared by fice to say that after an extended business career he these gentlemen has obtained a wide popularity under has succeeded in steadily gaining favor and patronage, the name of Ardenter mustard, and it is made from the each year marking an advancement, permanent in its choicest Trieste and Durham seed, of which this firm character and to the highest degree reflecting to the import very largely, every detail of manufacture being credit of this genial gentleman. protected by a patent obtained by Mr. Dean in 1871. The premises of the firm comprise two extensive build- Ash & Buckbee, Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters, ings on Washington street and one on Harrison street, No. 183 William Street, corner of Spruce Street a very large number of hands being employed, and This business was founded about forty years ago, every detail of preparation receiving the closest per- and to day Messrs. John G. Ash and John Buckbee, sonal supervision of the members of the firm. The the c-partners, hold a leading position in theirbranchof trade of the house extends throughout the United trade, and have permanently retained the esteem and States and Canada, with a constantly increasing local confidence of the entire community. Thorough masters demand. In addition to their famous Ardenter brand of every branch of their important profession, they have of mustard, the Messrs. Dean also manufacture a very acquired a practical experience in all the various superior quality of paste and stick licorice. Their brand details. At No. 183 William street, corner of Spruce, of D. & S. pure Calabria licorice, being superior to the they occupy very eligible and central premises, whence best imported, which has attained toa very large sale in they promptly attend to the filling of the most importhe drug and confectionary trade and amongst the tant orders. They have during their career executed general purchasing public, the quality and price some of the largest contracts for new work, and especially recommending it. Both of the lines of manu- have fitted up some of the largest warehouses, office facture of Dean & Son, are standard productions, and buildings, hotels and fiathouses, in a manner at once as are in large demand wherever once introduced. The substantial as it is perfect and reliable in actual operamembers of the firm are W. G. and Harry W. Dean, tion. Both in sanitary plumnbing, gas and steam fitting, both of whom are well known as enterprising business do they exhibit their superior talents and skill, and have men and public spirited citizens, and the standing of successfully solved some of the most difficult problems their house in the commercial world is such as to espec- arising in connection with the complex fitting up of ially commend it to the trade and general public. The NewYork's mammoth buildings. To fully and promptly Messrs. Dean are also esteemed members of social meet the requirements of their numerous customers, circles, and are generous supporters of deserving char- they give employment to a number of skilled hands, itable institutions. annually transacting a large and strictly first class trade. Both Messrs. Ash and Buckbee are old residents 0. Metalf. Siimonson, ExaminerandpackerofDry of this city, popularly known as skilled and scientific Goods,No. 38and 40WestBroadway.-Amongthe various masters of their trade. Mr. Jos. H. Ash, uncle of J. G. metrop%Utan enterprises which have acquired a posl Ash, was one of the first to start the plumbingbusiness tion of prominence and assumed large proportions in this city, and married a daughter of Jonathan within a comparatively short period may be mention- Ridgway, who was the oldest and first plumber in New ed the unique industry of Mr. G. Metcalfe Simonson, ex- York. aminer and packer of dry goods, at Nos. 38 and 40 West Broadway. The business of this house is of great util- T. J. Temple & Lo., Fire Insurance Agency, No. ity in the dry goods trade, andits successful prosecution 155 Broadway.-The vast amount of property within the requires skill, which can only be acquired through limitsofManhattanIsland,andthepopulou sneighboring ears of practical experience. Mr. Simonson has been cities, has made this a wide field of operations for inSor over twenty years actively engaged in this pursuit, surance, and good companies are always able to transazd his reliable judgment and skillful work, are in act large and profitable business. Many of the agengreat demand among the large wholesale dry goods dies of this city are extensive iustitutions and exert a dealers, from whom he derives a large patron- very important influence on the prosperity and ada4e. Special features of the business are baling vancement of this great centre. Standing with the by steam and hydraulic pressure, and the refolding and foremost, and far ahead of the larger number of agencutting of dry goods into dress lengths, and in this cies,is the honored and well-known house of T. J. Temconnection Mr. Simonson has obtained a reputation ple & Co., whose handsome offices are at No. 155 Broadsecond to none in his line of trade. The proprietor of way. They have been established at this location since this prosperous concern was born and raised in New 1871, and have built up a very extensive patronage, York, where he is generally esteemed for the sterling which is drawn from among the best classes of mereanintegrity and equitable business methods which have tile houses. Mr. T. J. Temple and Mr. W. D. hi s, distinguished his eminently successful career. who form the co-partnership, are both gentlemen of long experience in insurance matters, and they repre George J. Brown, Carriage Builder and Repairer, sent some of the most substantial fire insurance ompa No. 142 East 41st Street.-The carriage manufacturing nies, among which are the Buffalo German Insurance and repairing interests of the metropolis have attained whose cash assets January 1st, 1885, were $1,0T1,030.00; proportions of the greatest magnitude,and the material the German, of Pittsburgh, Pa., the Citizen's of Pitts manually used reaches an enormous aggregate. Prom- burgh, Pa., and the millionare New Hampshire Insur'Dent among the leading carriagebuildersandrepairers ante Company. These companies are among the oldest is Mr. George J. Brown, No. 142 East 41st street. This and most reliable in the United States, and have paid business has occupied the old stand of Arthur Bell, every loss without deviation. Messrs. T. J. Temple & founded in 1860, since 1875. Mr. Brown is a practical Co., are expert underwriters, and have built up a first workman and is considered one of the most expert in J class line of business. 206 NE OKSLAIG NUTIS 0 Wm. H. Oliver & Co., Plain and Decorative Painting, Paper Hangings and Interior Decorations,aNos. 62 and 64 University Place.-Messrs. Wm. H. Oliver & Co. conduct one o f t he oldest establishe d busines ses o f its kind in the city of New York, and one which h as e ve r m aintained the highest standard of artistic excellence in a ll departmen ts. Th e busine ss wa s founded by Charles Hobbs in 1846, at No. 831 Broadway. Six years ago, the co-partnership was dissolved and the b usiness has since been carried on by Messrs m. Wm. L Oliver & Co., the co-partners being Mr. Wm. H. Oli ver an d Joseph Scott. Their place of business has been perman ently located in their present unusual ly central and eligible premises for the la st twenty-five years, which are elegantly and artistically fitted up, evidencing h oo ae the good taste of the proprietor s. Here they dis-c play one of the finest and best selecte d stocks of i mported and domestic paper h an gings to be found in the city. The farm is possessed o f a wide range of experience in all branche s of pla in and decorative paint ing, and among their numerous customers ar e man y of our wealthies t and mos t pr ominent citizens. The y are elebrated for the be auty and exquisite good taste of their fine paper han gings a nd inter ior decorations, and some ide a of the magnitude of the business done by them in t hes various de partmen ts may be gathe red when we stat e that they e mplo y a s ma ny as eight y men durin g t he season, giving the closest p erso nal supervision to the execution of everyorder with whichthey are intruste d, a nd in this way ever maintaining the highest standar d of excell ence. The co-partners are h ighly esteemed for their integrity and commendable enterprise, and their fine record is so well known and es t ablished that additi o nal comment upon our part would be superfluous. Lemuel W. Serrell, Solicitor of Patents, INo. 140 Nass au Street, (Morse building), is now in his 56th year. He has devoted his entire life to his ir i th pro fession, having succe eded his father, who established the first patent agency in New York r. r. Serrell as a me cha n ica l engineer and sol ic ito r for procuring patents in the United State s an d foreign coun tries, is very widely known, a nd enjoysa high repu tation in the profession and among leading ma nu facturer s and inventors, and is a popular and public-spirited gentleman, and liberal and enterprising citizen. Geo rge W. Rogers, Bargs a nd Lighterage, Ofllees, No. 44 Broadway.-One of the best known proprie tors of lighters and barges in this city is Mr. George W. Rogers, who is a thoroughly practical vessel owner, and his great experience is exemplified in the adaptation of his fine fleet for the purposes intended. He established in business ten years ago to afford the commercial publie every facility for the shipping and transportation of mer chandise and rough freight of all kinds, to any point In the harbor, or to connecting rivers, and also for the purposes of the heavy trade up Long Island Sound. Mr. Rogers' lighters are large, handsome craft, well found and equipped in every way, and commanded by careful and skilful captains. Mr. Rogers gives personal attention to the filling of all orders, and contracts and handles large quantities of goods for our representative importers, shippers and exporters. Mr. Rogers has a fine fleet of barges, specially constructed to live in any weather on the sound and of large tonnage, carrying cargoes of coal, iron, sugar, and miscellaneous freight. His terms either for charter, or in the way of contracts are reasonable, and his barges and lighters are in steady demand the year round. Mr. Rogers has invested a large capital in this business, and his lighters and barges have no superiors. All transportation is done in the most careful manner, and he well merits the large measure of success which has attended his efforts. His ofilces have been permanently located on the present block on Broadway, and for the past five years have been in the Boreel Building. Sam S. Utter, liberty Stove Works, Ranges, Stoves, Heaters, Hollow-ware, Oil Stoves, and Everything Pertaining to the Trade, No. 113 Beekman Street.-One of the most important industries connectedwith the metal trade is the manufacture of stoves,rangesand heaters. A leading house in this line is that of Mr. Sam S. Utter, of No. 113 Beekman street. He is the agent for the entire products of Messrs. Chas. Noble & Co., Philadelphia, and carries an immense stock of stoves, ranges, heaters, hollow-ware, oil stoves, and everything pertaining to the trade. The goods handled by him have a standard reputation, and are unexcelled for beauty and originaity of design, superiority of workmanship and finish. They are sold all over the country, and always give the utmost satisfaction. Mr. Utter is one of the most widely knownand popular men in the trade. His career bears evidence of his sterling personal worth and ability. In all transactions he is prompt, honorable and reliable, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. Mr. Utter has always taken an active interest in every movement that had for its object the welfare of the trade, and he is in every way deserving of the suc - cess he has attained. C. H. Ledlie, Hydraulic E ngineer, Room 80, Smith Building, No. 15 Cortlandt Street.-The field of enterpris e for works requiringthe high est quality of engineering talent and skill is of great importance in America, an d the m arvelous growth of popula tion and wealth in the last quarter of a century has afforded an imperative demand for the erection of public works of great magnitude in every city and town of the United States. The professional talent of the country has fully kept pace with this demand, and prominent among those who have become famous for the success with which he has invariably accomplished every undertaking, is Mr. C. H. Ledlie, No. 15 Cortlandt street, the widely-known and popular hydraulic engineer. Mr. Iiedlie is the son of General Ledlie, of the U. S. Army, who highly distinguished himself as corps commander in the army of the Potomac. He received an excellent education and graduated with credit at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y., and has devoted his attention to the superintending of the erection of gas and water works, Old everything connected with hydraulic engineering. Mr. Ledlie's high attainments in his profession have been duly recognized in the scientific world. He is a young man, and possessed of experience and knowledge, as regards the erection of water and gas works, which renders it advisable for corporations and companies to consult him, and from his carefully drawn plans and estimat es, form an accurate idea of their unundertaking and cost. Mr. Ledlie contracts to plan the most extensive and difficult works, and no more honorable, reliable, and successful engineer can be found in the ranks of the profession. J. W. Wexel, Mexican Export Trade, No. 43 Dey Street.-The increase of our trade with Mexico has added largely to American commerce. That country is destined to afford a field for American e terprise and capital, and it only requires favorable legislation to enable our merchants to build up an immense business in that section. Among the leading Mexican houses, who have a representation-in this city, is that of Sir. J. W. Wexel, successor to Wexel & DeGress, whose office is at No. 43 Dey street. This business was founded in 1865, and has been under its present management since 1883. The office here is devoted to the buying and exporting of arms, amunition, mining ma, chinery, agricultural implements, etc. American products are shipped to Mexico, and sold there in large quantities. The business of this house is extensive and bears evidence of the enterprise and ability of the proprietor. Mr. Wexel is a well known. honorable business man. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 207 ~ N Cooke & Co., Dealers in Machinery and Supplies, for Machinists, Railways, Steamships and Manufacturers, No. 22 Cortlandt Street.-In reviewing the various enterprises that have made New York the great commercial center of the nation, it is instructive and interesting to note the advances that have been made in each of the representative industries, and to ascertain exactly what has been achieved by energy and capital. In looking over the field, it is comparatively easy to see that the manufacture of machinery has exercised an'important influence upon the welfare of this section of the state. Among the representative establishments in this trade is that of Messrs. Cooke & Company, dealers in machinery and supplies for machinists, railways, steamships and manufacturers. This business was established a number of years ago under the firm name of Cooke & Beggs. They were succeeded by William Cooke, who in turn was sueceeded about a year ago by the present firm. Both members are men of long experience in this line, and are well known in mercantile circles. They carry a large and valuable stock of machinery, tools, drills, portable steam engines, lathes, punches, forges, etc. The goods handled by them have a standard reputation, and are the finest products of American inventive genius and mechanical skill. Messrs. Cooke & Company do a very large business, which extends not only throughout the United States, but also to Central and South America, Mexico and the West Indies. John Underwood & Co., Practical and Manufacturing Chemists, No. 30 Vesey Street.-No department of commercial enterprise in the great metropolis, is of more direct value and importance to the community at large than that in which the practical chemist brings to bear his professional skill and experience. In this connection the attention of our readers is directed to the large and widely known establishment of which Messrs. John Underwood & Co., are the proprietors. The ftrm has now been actively engaged in business for the last forty-three years in this country and England, as practical manufacturing chemists, and the co-partners have brought to bear the highest order of professional skill in the preparation of their various lines of specialties, and have developed an extensive and permanent trade. One of the important specialties manufactured by them under letters patent, is Underwood's copyable writing and printing inks, which have incorporated in their chemical combination and manufacture an ingredient which ensures absolute perfection when used for copying purposes. These inks have been subjected to the severest tests and have ever given entire satisfaction, the copied sheets being in every case perfectly legible and enduring with indelible permanency. The writer of this article has had occasion to use Underwood's inks for copying purposes with excellent results, and can thus add his testimony to that of the trade and public generally. The Cobalt Fluids stand at the head of the list of good writing fluids, and are second to none, having been used in England with perfeet satisfactionandsuccess. Themanufacturerstarted a branch in this country and this has led to a large trade in which the patrons say universally they are the best and the best is the cheapest. The firm likewise manufactures Underwood's chemical safety paper and ribbons for type writers or caligraphs. The chemical safety paper isanabsolute protection against fraud by raising or altering checks, drafts, etc. A combination of chemicals is placedin this paper during the course of its manufacture, commencing when it is in the raw state and continuing through all the different stages to its completion. These chemicals render the paper so very sensitive, that the slightest touch of acids, chlorine or aalies will produce a stain as deep and distinct, as ink Itself, and when once it is stained, there is no power in chemistry to bring back the original color, and banks have at last a sure protection against the loss of thousands of dollars yearly, to which they have hitherto been obliged to submit. The ribbons for type writers made by Messrs. J. Underwood & Co., are manufactured with a selvedged edge, which prevents Vie ribbon turning up and obviates the difficulty hitherto experienced of the edges fraying out, and threads getting loose and clogging the machine. They have obtained a world wide reputation as producing the cleanest, neatest and most uniform work of any in the market, and will fully meet the wants of the most fastidious. These ribbons are not in the least affected by atmospheric changes, and are manufactured in black, purple, blue, red, green and brown, either forletterpress copying or record work, where no press copy is desired, and are unsurpassed for quality, excellence and efficiency. Messrs. John Underwood & Co., are among our best known and highly respected citizens, whose enterprise and energy both professionally and commercially speaking are of the highest order, and who fully merit the large measure of success which has attended their well directed efforts. The Messrs. Underwood have endeavored throughout their career to manufacture only articles of the very highest standard and quality, and uulike the practice of some other houses, whose reputation was gained by early excellence, have always made it a point to keep the standard the same, so that parties ullng their goods, ay they can always rely on getting the samething. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 208 Merch-antts urance Company, No. 151 Broadway.-In connection with the subject of Insurance, special attention is directed to the Merchant's Insuranee Company of No. 151 Broadway, which has not only weathered the storms of the late financial crisis, but withstood the turmoils of thirty-flve years, and is now one of the most reliable engaged in the business in NewYork. IncorporatedbyaspecialcharteroftheNew York Legislature in the year 1850, it has shown Itself to be strong and well managed. Decidedly conservative In its character and management, the course of the Merchant's Insurance Company has been a most commendable one, and placed it in a high position of confidence. This institution has always made the prompt payment of all losses a matterofthegreatest Importance, and this fact accounts for the permanent and liberal patronage accorded the company. The statement of the Merchant's Insurance Company made January lst, 1885, presents the affairs of the lation in a very satisfactory and flourishing condition, with a capital of $200,000 and a large surplus of over $100,000. The Merchant's Insurance Company has been particularly fortunate In the continued selection of its executive officers, and to them great credit is due for its success and solidity. JQhn H. Morris, the present president, is a gentleman who has been connected with the Company since its organization and Is aided by Mr. J. S. Barker, the vice president, and J. S. Mettler, the secretary, they forming a strong combination of sterling ability and integrity. The directory is composed of gentlemen prominent in the leading financial circles of the metropolis, whose experience and honorable methods reflect the greatest credit upon the board and its organization. Those composing the present board are as follows,viz: J-8-Barker,SingSing;lAviApgar,Prestdent North River Bank; Eben'r Beadleston, President Stuyvesant Safe Deposit Company; John Watson, Thorne, Watson & Co.; Wm. Hustace, E. Tredwell's Sons; E. C. Komer, Glimm, Corner & Co.; J. F. Pupke, Pupke, Reid & Phelps; John H. Morris; John T. Wilson, 73 Fulton street; J. Romaine Brown, 3280 Broadway; Joseph M. Brown, Vice President of the Jersey City Insurance Company; Albert N. Br 146 Madison avenue; Jas. I. WI^ Baker, Smith & 00. The foregoing names are the beat criterions thM can be offered of the standing. of the Merchmtls Iwu=oe Oompany. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 209 shoes in the New York market. Prior to entering into business on his own account he had a long e xperie nce in this line, and understanding his business thoroughly in the mos t minute details, h e has had everything in h is favor and is successfully building up and extending his trade throughout the country. The special feature of this manufacturing business is an exceptional fine assortment of men's hand and machine sewed shoes of which goods Mr. Walther makes a line which for the superior quality of stock used and the excellent workmanship expended in their productl,n, cannot be surpassed by any house in New York. air. W. also manufactuers a line of medium priced machine sewed goods. He employs in the busy season between seventy-five and one hundred hands, and occupies two floors, each 25x75 feet in dimensions, at No. 14 Thomas Street, near Broadway. Though a large portion of the consumption for this stock comes from the immediate vicinity-New York and Brooklyn, many large orders are being constantly received from the West. Mr. W. is a native of Germany and is now thirty-six years cold. He is an honest, enterprising merchant, and an upright and public spirited and esteemed citizen, who has the respect and confidence of all who know him. A. & F. Browns Progress Machine Works, Office No. 43 Park Place.-A review of the great mercantile and manufacturing interests of the metropolis would be incomplete without a mention of an old established and representative house in the manufacture of shafting, pulleys, etc. We refer to Messrs. A. & F. Brown, whose extensive works are located at Nos. 57 to 61 Lewis Street and 60 to 66 Cannon Street, where a large force of skilled workmen are constantly employed. This business was established in 1854, and has always enjoyed a prosperous career. In the manufacture of superior shafting and pulleys, this firm is without a rival in the country, they possessing the very best patterns, and using only first class material. Their products have been in practical use for over a quarter of a century, and have given perfect satisfaction. Their facilities for executing the largest orders is unequaled. The office and ware-rooms are at No. 43 Park Place, where a large sample stock of their products is carried. The firm does an extensive business all over the country, their machinery having a standard reputation and is used in preference to all others in the leading mills and factories of the land. Mr. Felix Brown, the sole proprietor of the house, is well known in commercial circles as an honorable and energetic business man. John rauss, Importer of Baskets and Willows, and Manufacturer of Willow Ware, Cane and Willow Furniture, No. 81 Walker Street, near Broadway.-The b)asket is of such universal application as an article of domestic and commercial use, that little need be said of the process of manufacture. Baskets have been made from the earliest ages, and in New York this industry has occupied the attention of many persons from the settlement of the city. A prominent house engaged in the importation and manufacture of baskets, etc., is that of Mr. John Krauss, No. 81 Walker Street. This business was originally founded in Lichtenfels. Germany, in 1825, by the grandfather of the present proprietor, and since its inception atthatdatehas obtained a liberal and influential patronage, owing to theun surpassed character and quality of its various manufactures. In 1877, the New York establishment was opened by Mr. John Krauss in Chambers Street, and eventually inm consequence of a rapidly increasing trade -he business was removed to its present eligible location. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious and comprises five splendid floors 37x10C feet in dimensions, and admirably arranged and fitted up with every appliance and convenience for the accommodation and display of the large stock. The assortment embraces baskets and willows of every description, also willowware, cane and willow furniture of the finest quality and workmanship, which has obtained an excellent reputation from first-class retailers. The factory at Lichtenfels is one of the largest in the world devoted to the production of baskets, cane and willow furniture. It is but simple justice to say that these goods are fully equal to anything of the kind the market affords, being made of the very best materials n the most workmanlike manner, while the extent of the assortment affords an ample opportunity for a wide exercise of individual taste. The sales of this house are principally to the jobbers and first-class retailers in nearly all sections of the country, being .airticularly large with the leading cities of the West and South Mr. John Krauss is highly esteemed by the community for his great executive ability and inflexible integrity, and is able to offer and guarantee his custominers, advantages, that cannot be surpassed by any similar horse in the metropolis. Peter Backus & Son, Steam and Heating Apparatus for Public or Private Buildings,Nos. 133 and 135 West 25th Street.-This business was foundet fourteen years ago and has always enjoyed a prosperous career The premises occupied are spacious and substantially constructed. The interior arrangements are perfect and afford every facility for conducting a large business, all the new and most approved machinery and appliances being at hand. A large force of skilled workmen are constantly employed in the manufacture of steam heating apparatus of the most approved description. This firm have executed many large contracts in this and other cities, and are is the New York agentsfor the sale of the Albany Steam Trap Co.'s specialties. The traps made by this company automatically drain the water of condensation from heating coils, and returns the same to the boiler, whether the coils are above or below the water level in the boiler, thus doing away with pumps and other mechanical devices for such purposes. Mr. Peter Backus, the head of the house, is a gentleman well known in trade circles as an honorable and reliable business man. Both gentlemen comprising the firm, possess the confidence of the entire commercial community, and are highly esteemed as liberal and public spirited citizens. T. B. Coddington & Co., I mpor ters a nd Dealers in Metal, No. 27 Cliff street.-For half a centur y this house has been identified with the growth and development of New York commerce. The business was founded over fifty years ago, and has always maintained an influential position in the metal trade. The co-partnership consists of the following named gentlemen: T. B. Coddington, Geo. L. Nichols, Geo. L. Jewett, and Henry V. B. Nast, men whose names are familiar to the commercial world. The house is one of the heaviest importers of and dealers in tin plates, sheet zirc, lead copper, block tin and sheet iron in the city. The premises occupied is large and substantially constructed, and is stocked with a valuable assortment of metals, while the trade extends all over the country and annually amounts to a very large aggregate. The business which was established, when New York's trade was in its infancy, has kept apace with years, and after an honored career, covering half a century, the house is justly entitled to be classed among our most substantial representative ones. The individual members of the firm are men of integrity and sound commercial principles, and they stand pre-eminently in the front rank of our most successful merchants and are alike a credit to our city and the great industry they represent. B. Walth-r,, Manufacturer of Men's Hand and Machine Sewed Fine Shoes, No. 14 Thomas Street.-Forthe pgat six years Mr. Waltherhas been manufacturing fine I NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 209 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. since the year 187T, when he first started into business for himself. The success which has attended his efforts in the introduction of a really superior class of Jewelry is attested by an increased and extending trade. He also does an important trade in a general line of watches. At his store, No. 71 Nassau street, may be seen an elegant and varied stock of all these goods at prices which will speak for themselves to all intending purchasers. Harmer, Hays & Co., Importers and Manufacturers of Saddlery Hardware, English Bridles, Kerseys, Blankets, Carriage Robes, etc., No. 72 Beekman Street.-Few people not familiar with the details of the business, have an adequate idea of the nature and extent of the saddlery hardware trade as it exists in this country at the present day. The number of articles connected with this business is very great, and within the last ten years it has reached large proportions. A prominent house engaged in this business is that of Messrs. Harmer, Hays & Co., No. 72 Beekman, which was originally established as far back as 1838, and sinc I s nce its ineption the firm has obtained a permanent and liberal patronage owing to t he qualit y an d s uperi ority of its various manufacture s. The pre mises o ccup ied are spacious and convenient, and ar e compl etely sto cked with all kinds of saddlery har dwar e, Englis h bridles, kerseys, blankets, carriage robes, woolen and line n h ors e covers, and a large a sso rtment of specialities which h ave found great favor with the trade, and for efficiency, durability and utility have no rivals in the market. Their factory is located at Williamsburg, New York, employment being given to a goodly number of experi enced o peratives many of whom have be en in the firm' s employ for years. Th is reliable houe is a pleasant one w ith which to enter into mercantile relati ons. The trade i s wholesale and a large business is effected with first-class retailers, the goods of this firm being unsurpassed for exc elle nce by those of any other contemporary e sta b lis hment in this country or Europe. The indi vidual me mber s of this co-partnership are Messrs. a. G. Harmer, Jno. P. Hays and Henr y Hannah, who are held in the highest estimation by the c omm uni ty f or thei r excellent business qualities and sterling i ntegrity, and their car eer has be e n a pr osperous one, promo ting to a grea t degree the commercial interests of th e me tropolis o f which they are popular and respected cit i zens. In the particular line of trade in which this firm is engage a d and established for so long a period, it is unnecessary to make any commendation, our readers at home and abroad, however, being amply justifie d in reposing the highest degre e o f con fiden ce in the ho use a nd i ts manufactures. Dudley Kelly, Shoe Emporium, No. 297 Spring Street. -One of the most popular establishments in this line on the west side is that of Mr. Dudley Kelly, whose fivestory building, 25x100 feet in area and appropriately equipped, is very eligibly located at No. 297 Spring street. The stock, comprising all grades of foot wear, for both sexes, is complete and well selected, and several assistants are kept busy in attending to the wants of the large and profitable patronage. Mr. Kelly was a resident of the south and for a number of years resided in Georgia. At the breaking out of the war he joined the twenty-second Georgia artillery with which detachment he was connected, participating in all its engagements during the interval until 1864 when he made his way to New York. His purpose in coming to this city was to Eind a brother with whom he had parted in New Orleans twelve years before, and with whom, together with his mother, he shortly afterward met. He accepted his brother's offer of an interest in his business. He soon familiarized himself with the details of the boot and shoe trade, and in 1866, when his brother died, he assumed the management of the busainess, of:: which he became sole proprietor in 1869. Jolhn S. Dunn, Plumber, Steam and Gas Fitter, No. 189 East 71st St re et.-As a sanitary measure for the promotion of health, the plumbing trade occupies a position in the front rank of modern improvements, and has become an absolute necessity in this utilitarian age of progress. A prominent house engaged in this trade, is that of Mr. John S. Dunn, No. 189 East nst street, which was established by the present proprietor in 1874, and since its inception, at that date, has obtained a liberal patronage f rom property owners and contractors. The premises occupied a re commodious, and are stocked with a compl ete assortment of plumbers',steam and gas-fitters' supplies. Everything in the wa y ofplumbing,ventilating, st eam an d g as-fitting is executed, contracts are entered into, an d t he complete fitting up of building s of all kinds i s satisfactorily accomplished. In sanitary plumb ing, the s pecialty of the house, on the perfecpec performance of which so much of the health and comfort of the community depe nds, an acti ve and practical experience is c ertainl y an element to secure confidence. Such an exp e rience is that of Mr. Joh n S. Dunn, who is th oroughly conversant w ith ev ery d etail of this trade, hav ing been engaged i n it the whole of his life. In addition to his plumbing business, Mr. Dunn repairs ranges and hea ters, and pa intsroof s an d leaders,and manufacture s all kinds of t in andsheet-iron work, at the lowest possible prices. All the work at the St. Germania flats, the ex tensive five-flat apart ment homes on S eventy-ninth street, between Third and Lexington avenues; the elegant residences of D. H. Sherman, Esq., and Mrs. Munroe Crane, at Dover Plains, New York, and many others, were executed by Mr. Dunn, and the plumbing and sanitary arrangements in these structures are unsurpassed for efficiency and workmanship. Personally, Mr. Dunn is highly respected by the community for his ability and strict integrity; and business relations entered into with his establishment, will prove not only pleasant for the time being, but permanent and profitable. West Side Architectural Iron Worke, A. J. Campbell, Proprietor, Nos. 550 to 560 and 553 to 557 West 33d Street; Office, No. 553 West 33d Street.-A leading house engaged in structural and ornamental iron work is the "Wes Side Architectura l Iron Works" of wh ich Mr. A. J. Ca mpb e ll i s the p rop rietor, and w hic h wa s established some thirty years ago at the present location. A large number of hand s are employed in manufacturing store fronts, g irders, columns, lintels, beams, and all kinds of building castings. A specialty is made of the celebrated "Kalamein" ironclad wood-work for fire proof buildings. The works are very extensive and are admirably equipped with all the latest machinery and appliances. The following buildings have been erected with the iron work manufactured by the "West Side Architectural Iron Works," viz: Boreel Building, Lincoln Safe Deposit Company, Rev. Dr. Hall's Presbyterian Church, Hawthorne Flats, the building at No. 198 Broadway, A. C. Downing, Nos. 113 to 117 Fulton street, O'Neill's Dry Goods House, James McCreery's Building, Nos. 22, 24 and 26 East 14th street, New York County Bank, E. A. Jaffray & Co., the Sixth National Badl and a large share of railroad docks and buildings. With their finely appointed works, and the very best facilities at their command, they are producing a grade of manufacture fully equal, if not superior, to anything made in this country. Mr. Campbell is a resident of New York, was born in New Jersey, and is President of the Mechanics and Traders Exchange. B. Mayer, Manufacturer of Fine Jewelry, No. 71 Nassau Street.-Mr. Mayer is a large and prominent manufacturer of fine jewelry. In this line a special and satisfactory place has been accorded Mr. Mayer 210 -~ ~~E YOKSLAIGINUTIS 1 Nos. 288-290 Bleecker street, is one of the largest of its kind in this city. The stock includes window shades, lace curtains, hollands, floor and table oil-cloth, patent spring rollers, window picture and looking-glass frames, wall paper, stationery, blank books, fancy articles, etc., etc., of a number of which Mr. Aronson is the manufacturer. In addition the firm does glazing and other work to order. He has been in business in this store for eight.years, and seventeen years altogether on this street. His city trade is extensive and requires the services of from six to ten employees. Mr. Aronson is a native of Poland, and has resided in this city for some twenty years. Personally, Mr. Aronson is a genial and companionable gentleman, respected land esteemed by all with whom he comes in contact. Union Steam Carpet Cleaning Works, No. 38 East 19th Street.-Another important industry of the metropolis is that of carpet cleaning. Among the leading establishments in this line is the Union Steam Carpet Cleaning Works, whose office is at No. 38 East 19th street. This business was established in 1860, and has since enjoyeda prosperous career. The proprietor was Mr. Charles A. Temple, (lately deceased). His widow still continues the business. This is the only reliable earpet whipping machine in the city, which is in every way a far superior method than the old style stick beating machines. Under this improved and excellent system, carpets are thoroughly cleaned without in the least injuring their texture. Among her many patrons are such houses as Arnold, Constable & Co., Herter Bros., Shepard Knapp, and others. She possesses every facility for the prompt execution of orders, carpets are sent for and deliver e d f re e of charge and all work is guaranteed. The late Mr. Temple was an honorable, energetic, and rel iable business man, who was highly esteemed by all who knew him, and the business now in the hands of Mrs. Temple, will rece iv te athe same care and at tention which characterized it under the management of her esteemed and lamented husband. Dick & Fitzgerald, Publishers, o Ann Street.-This bus iness was founded about thirty years ago, to introduce t o t he Ame rican public s eries o f the works of the bes t writ ers on useful and instructive topics such as household economy, social and etiquette, business manueals, humorous works, books giving accur ate information as to ev ery description of home amusements, coupled with encyclop media w orks of practi cal information for everybody in the land. The enterprise was wel l timed, and from the start, the public demand for these books grew at a rapid ratio until in a few years the b usin ess of the house had attain ed prop ortions of great magnitude. The surviving partner, Mr. William B. Dick, is to-day on e of our best known and popular bu siness men, who has ev er retaine d t he confi dence and esteem of the entire ommunity, and devotes himself perso n all y to the supervision of his various publications. The publishing house of Messrs. Dick & Fitzgerald, i s *t fine four-story building, eligibly and central ly lo cated in Ann street, close to the Herald building. There a re issu ed from this hous e hundreds of valuable standard, instructive and amusing works, including hand-books of fire-side games and charades, amateu r t heatricals. A fine series of di alogue books containing the best original pie c es, letter writers and hand-book s of etiquette, cook books, works on athletic sports, m an uals on how to conduct debates and on the forms of business, w orks on book-ke eping and shorthand, Draipers six-hundred ways t o make m oney, the standard work of its k ind, and solely issued by this ,frm, hand-books on games, &c., &c. The firm has become widely celebrated by issuing the famous "Reason Why" s er ie s of books. Two standard works, published here and which are the accepted authorities throughout the United States are "Dick's,Games of Patience, or Solitaire with Cards," and "'Blackbridge's Complete Poker Player." The only standard series of works on Freemasonry are published by Dick & Fitzgerald, while their series of recitations and readings have a steady and enormous sale. They are the publishers of " Dick's Encyclopedia, or Practical Receipts and Processes," containing 6,422 practical receipts, written in a plain and practical manner, and illustrated with explanatory wood cuts. Mr. Dick was born in Philadelphia and has long been a permanent resident of New York. Wakefield Rattan Company, Rattan Furniture at Retail: Mattings, Mats, Chair Cane, &c., Wholesale and Retail, Daniel Dunne, New York Agent, Office and Warerooms: No. 8 Park Place.-The Wakefield Rattan Company, a pushing Boston corporation,is manufacturing the finest line of light, beautiful and handy furniture from rattan, ever offered to the world. The company's operations have been characterized by sound common sense, a practical knowledge of what is wanted and by excellent taste and skill in designing such elegant and ornamental articles of furniture. Naturally the demand for these goods is widespread, and to properly meet it, two large branch houses have been established, respectively at San Francisco and in New York. The latter is eligibly and cen tra lly loc ated at No. 8 Park Place, under the able and talented management of Mr. Daniel Dunne, one of New York's most respected business men. He here displays a vast assortment of the rattan furniture, including chairs, (sitting and rocker) ornamental tables, lounges, tete-a-tetes, settees, childrens chairs and cradles and cribs, hampers, baskets, &c., in charming variety, and at prices which commend them to all who seek genuine reliable and handsome articles of furniture at reasonable cost. Mr. Dunne likewise handles a full line of mattings, mats, chair cane, &c., in which he has developed an extensive wholesale trade in this city and the middle states. His mats and mattings once introduced are standard fast selling goods in any community. A specialty is the prompt filling of orders by him for dimension mats for hotels, public buildings, street cars, &e. Mr. Dunne likewise keeps in stock a superior quality of brooms and other rattan wares, and has built up the interests of the company in this section in a manner indicative of his superior qualifications as a business man. He devotes himself with success to meet the requirements of both the trade and individual buyers, and those interested should send for his large illustrated catalogue giving an accurate idea of this elegant class of furniture with all prices marked in plain figures. Mr. Dunne is generally popular and respected, and those entering into commercial relations with him, will secure advantages not obtainable elsewhere. E. G. Gismond, Coal and Woodl,.Ios. 221 and 223 West32d Street.-Mr. E.G. Gismond has b een establishe d i n thi s busin ess since 1873, and at the above location about three years. He deals extensively in all the best grades of coal, which is carefully screened before delivery. Receiving large shipments of coal dixect from the mining regions, Mr. Gismond is enabled to sell coal at the very lowest market prices. His stock of wood comprises choice seasoned oak, pine and hickory, which is sold in quantities to suit purchasers. Mr. Gismond has built up an excellent reputation for fair and square dealing, and enjoys a large patronage, which is drawn from our best citizens, and he is rapidl! extending the business of his establishment Samuel S on, Window Shades, Lace Ourtains, /ollands, Picture Frames, Looking Glasses, etc., etc., No 2880 Bleecker Street.-The double front store, NEW YORRIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 211 212 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Van Name Bros., Wholesale and Retail Dealers In O y s t e rs;Boat No. 15, Foot of West 10 th Street.-Mr. D a vid Van Name, the founder of the business w hich b e a r s his name, was one of the first two men to pl ant in A merican waters. He was born in 1794, and at an early a ge began planting and boating to market the products of the oyster grounds in this vicinity. I n 1817 he embarked in the business as a dealer, and f or over f o r t y years conducted his enterprise w ith an eminent d e g r e e of prosperity. Mr. Van Name was ever noted f o r his sterling integrity and upright business methods, a nd also for his liberality and zeal in promoting the interests of the community. He resided throughout his l i f e on the north shore of Staten Island, where an instance of his liberality is shown in the erection at Mariners' Harbor of a Baptist church, the bell o f which w a s tolled the first time at his obsequies. H e died in 1 8 57, and his sons, five in number, succeeded to the business. The subsequent death of one of the sons, and t h e establishment of a separate business b y a third, l e a v e s the original house in the hands of Messrs. Wm., P e t e r and Jacob Van Name, which gentlemen comprise t h e present firm. The Messrs. Van N ame are al l over f if t y years of age, and have all been raised from boyh o o d in the oyster trade. They are owners of a fleet of v e s s e l s employed in the trade. The house handles everything in the line of first-class oysters, and, besides a vast city trade, does a very large shipping business w i t h all parts of the country. Throughout their busin e s s career, the Messrs. Van Name have rigidly maint aine d the probity and equitable dealing which charact e r i z e d the enterprise under their honore d. father's management, and in its present prosperous status and t h e high reputation enjoyed in the trade they have a r e w a r d commensurate with their ind omitable energy and general worth. ~ Arthur Roberts, Mother of Pearl Works, No. 211 East 22d Street.-Mother-of-pearl is the hard, lustrous, brillia nt internal layer of shells, more particularly the pearl oyster. In English oysters this substance is too thin to be worked for manufacturing purp oses, but the oyster s of the eas ter n a nd o ther seas yield it in considerable thickness. The brilli ant hues of mother-ofpearl d o not depend on the nature of the substance, but upo n the e xquisi tely fine series of fur row s up on the surface which pro duce this c hr omatic effect according to the angle at whi ch the l ight is effected. In workin g this delicate substance great care is required, but it may be cut by saws, iles and drill s and polishe d with the aid of sulphuric or muriatic acid. It is polished by colcothar or the brown-red oxide of iron left after the distillation of the acid from sulphate of iron. In al l ornamental manufactures where the pearls are said to be used for flat surfaces, such as laying mosaic work, it is not real pearl that is used, but mother-of-pearl that is employed. Very large quantities are used in the manufactories of Birmingham and Sheffield, England. Prominent among the pearl works in this city is the manufactory of Arthur Roberts, located as above. The grindstones and saws used here are run by steam. The productions of the establishment are scales for pen and pocket knives, handles for table knives, pistol stocks, non-conductors, thin pearl and every description of articles manufactured from mother-of-pearl. This manufactory was established in 1878 by Messrs. Roberts and Perkinson. The latter gentleman dying March, 1884, Mr. Roberts succeeded to the entire business. A number of skilled men are employed, and the second floor of the building is used which has a capacity of twenty-five by sixty feet. Mr.-Roberts is a native of Sheffleld, England, was born in 1847, and has been in the United States since 1873. Mr. Roberts has been engaged in this business during his entire life and understands it in all its parts. J. C. Burke, Carpenter & Builder, No. 43 Ann Street. -J. C. Burke was established in 1878, and his prosperous career, furnishes a fitting commentary on the many advantages New York possesses as a centre in which to establish enterprises of any nature. The premises occupied are very commodious, and possess every appliance and facility for the prosecution of the business, employment being constantly furnished to thirty skilled workmen. Mr. Burke makes a specialty of fitting up stores and offices in plain and fancy woods, and furnishes estimates for mason, painting, plumbing and carpenters' work. His special supervision is given to all work executed by him, and being prompt and reliable in all his transactions, he is able always to give every satisfaction, and his workmanship is highly endorsed by all those who have engaged his services. 1K. Kaempfer, Moschcowitz Model Waist Lining, No. 299 Fifth Avenue, No. 172 Church Street.-One of those manufacturing enterprises whose products are staple and commendable as well for their superior qualities, is that of Mr. Kaempfer, whose large factories at Providence, R. I., are represented in the city at No. 299 Fifth avenue, with a branch at No. 172 Church street. The productions of the house are a patent model waist lining known as the Maschcowitz Brand, which has an extensive sale throughout the country. The main salesrooms at No. 299 Fifth avenue are 25x100 in extent and are well fitted up and adapted to the business. Mr. Kaempfer established this business in 1883, and gives employment in his factories and salesrooms to a large force of work people. The waist lining of wrhichR he is the sole proprietor cannot be too highly commended for its many advantages over that which has been 80 long in use, and is rapidly increasing in fame and popularity as these become known, a fact which is amply attested by the rapid increase in the sales. A. G. Wheeler, Dealer in Boots, Shoes and Slippers, Office, 39 Warren Street.-This business was established in 1880 by Mr. Wheeler, and the premises now occupied are very spacious and convenient, and are fully stocked with a splendid assortment of boots, shoes and slippers. for men, women and children, in every style and quality. Mr. Wheeler is agent for the celebrated houses of Hougb & Ford, Rochester, New York, and Wilbur F. Blake, Haverhill, Mass. The goods of these popular manufacturers are highly esteemed by the trade for their unexcelled quality, style, and finish. With ample facilities at his disposal, Mr. Wheeler is enabled to buy in large quantities of the manufacturers, and in all cases for cash, taking advantage of all discounts, and is thus in a position to offer unrivalled advantages to his patrons. Several travelling salesmen are employed, who represent the interests of this enterprising house at the different centres of wealth and population in this country, and customers can implicitly rely on the unrivalled quality of the goods in Mr. Wheeler's stock. Keran J. Guilfoyle, Carriage Maker, No. 233 West 50th Street,between Broadway and 8th Avenue.-Among the enterprising manufacturers of carriages in New York, mention should be made of the wtll-known and popular house of Mr. Keran J. Guilfoyle, No. 233 West 50th street, which was established in 1864, and since its inception at that date has obtained a liberal patronage, owing to the unrivaled excellence and workmanship of his carriages. The p roductions of the house include doctors' carriages, road wagons, and phaetons of every description, and a specialty is made of repairing fine carriages. No establishment in the metropolis is more prompt, energetic and enterprising in keeping up with the improvements of the times. Only the best materials are utilized, carefully selected, and well seasoned, and from the very commencement Mr. Guilfoyle determined only to employ thoroughly qualified workmen. I NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 212 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 213 3 a. W. Nawrath & Co., Commission Merchants, &c., No. 45 Walker Street.-In the very centre of the thickly populated dry goods district of the metropolis, islocated h the house of C. W. Nawrath & Co., who are commission v- merchants making a specialty of twines, cordage, rope, s yarns, bats, wick, mops, paper and kindred articles of 1 this nature. The individual members of the firm are - Messrs. C. W. Nawrath and J. J. McNamara. These geng tlemen, whose premises are eligibly and conveniently lo. cated in the very midst of important dry goods and com mission interests, are well known and patronized in this direction, supplying a goodly number of the largest interests of the same in the metropolis. Possessing the very best connections with leading mills in different parts of the country, Messrs. C. W. Nawrath & Co. are in a position to quote the very lowest prices which the market affords. These gentlemen are also the sole agents in this market for the Monarch Mills, a very em. inent and leading concern in the manufacture of flax t and cotton twines. Their factory at Westport, Conn, is one of the best equipped and furnished of its charact ter in the United States, being supplied throughout with all the most improved machinery known in the proc esses of this manufacture. Both the members of this establishment are young, energetic business men. At No. 45 Walker street they occupy extensive and commo dious premises, which are crowded to repletion with a heavy stock of all their goods. Maury9' Geographies and Wall Maps.-One of the most important branches of the publishing trade of the United States is devoted to the production of stand ard school books. Among the houses that have giv en skillful and patient attention to this department of enterprise is that of the University Publishing Co. Its entire list of publications will compare favorably with the text books of any other educational pub lisher in the world, while some of its works, for in trinsic merit and wide popularity, are conceded to be without an equal. Such are the works that stand at the head of this sketch. Maury's Geographies are now the leading books for study or for reference. Our read ers who are interested in schools, either as teachers or patrons, will, we are sure, thank us for bringing more prominently into notice a series of books so interesting, so successful, and so useful. The Clarendon Dictionary is another work which this company has recently intro duced to the public. It is a book sosmall that it may be easily handled by a child or an invalid, and so cheap that it may be afforded by the poorest student or me chanic, and yet it contains the results of the labor of years by two of the most competent American scholars: Prof. S. S. Haldeman of the University of Pennsylvania, and William Hand Browne of the Johns Hopkins Uni versity. It has been pronounced by hundreds of eminent scholars a most worthy vade metum. For spelling, for pronunciation, and for all ordinary purposes of definition it takes the part of a friend and teacher that may be relied upon; and it contains so much matter, skilfully arranged within a small compass, that it fully meets the want of the writer or reader in tne vast majority of cases and saves him the trouble and expense of resorting to heavy and costly dictionaries. It is no cheaply gotten up book, made simply to sell, but a lexicon of thorough and scholarly merit. Other valuable books of the University Publisning Company might be mentioned, such as Gildersleeve's Latin Text Books. Holmes' United States History, Carter's General History, Browne's English Literature, Venable's Mathematics, Holmes' Readers, &c., &c. But enough has been said to commend to our readers a legitimate business and a valuable list of school books. We are confident that all who give this hlouse th~eir patron age will oe well served. Price lists, circular s and the Mauls pamphlet may be had free of charge lay addressing the Univrersity ~'ubllshllng Co.. 19 Ml'rray street, New York. J. B. Comn, Publisher, No. 3 Park Place.-Thf metropolis has long been the r ecognized centre of the publishing interests of the United States, and here as nowhere else do we find ample resources combined wit vast practical experience and unflagging energy. Prom inent among the most active and enterprising members of the trade is Mr. J. B. Collin, the popular and respected publisher of No. 3 Park Place. The business now con ducted by him was originally founded in 1870, first bein located at No. 48 Ann street, and subsequently at No 113 Fulton street. Mr. Collin was at that time in part nership with Mr. Small, under the name of Collin & Small. Upon the dissolution of the co-partnership, Mr Collin continued the business under his own name re moving to No. 59 Beekman street, and subsequently tc his present eligible and central premises, No. 3 Park Place, where he possesses every facility for carrying on his business upon an extensive scale. Mr. Collin is known as the publisher of the famous series of books by "Bricktop," aittedly one of the brightest and most original of American humorists. His style is easy and pleasing: his fun is sparkling and the comic element so pervades his stories that the readers and their listen ers are convulsed with laughter. Those who have read ',My Mother-in-law," give it the palm as being the most humorous book of the day. Reading this book, or its happy sequel, "Our First Baby, or the Infelicities of our tIoneymoon," is a sure cure for the blues, and no better prescription for soured and discontented humanity can be given than to sit right down and read Bricktop's talenited productions. "Parson Beecher and His Horse;" "Fred. Douglas and His Mule" are well known. "Farmiiig for Fun, or Backyard Grangers" is a most laughable story; the experience of Timothy Budd and his wife at city gardening; "The Quiet Youth, or Just Like his Uncle," and "'Beanwhacker's Trouble, or Not a Bit Like iIis Uncle," are two very amusing books, full of life and h'mmor, the first by Bricktop, and the last by John Carb)y, another of our rising humorists. Among other books published by this house are such widely read volumes as "Deacon Boggles and His Liverpad" by Will Wander;'"The Knights of Pythias" by Bricktop; "The Dry Goods Drummer," by Tom Wonder; "Trip of the Sardine Club," by Bricktop; "The Original Hudson, or rakei in and Done For," by Bricktop; Bricktop's Comic History of America; and Wide Awake Sketches of Wit and Humor. All these books are printed on good paper, well illustrated, and selling as they do for the average uniform price of ten cents each, are the most widely read humorous series in America. Mr. Collin has been obliged to issue edition after edition of these popular books to meet universal demand, and not one of our publishers has manifested sounder judgment, or a truer appreciation of literary merit than Mr. Collin. Irving & Son, Carriage Builders, 118 West 52d Street. -Among the industries carried on in New York City that of carriage building is entitled to prominence, and the work turned out, especially that from the establishment of Messrs. Irving & Son has gained a bigh and substantial reputation for excellence ol material and superiority of workmanship. A number of skilled workmen are employed in the different departments of the business who are constantly employed in filling the numerous orders received by the'firm. Their vehicles are stylish and fashionable and finished in the highest style of the art of carriage building. Messrs. Irving & Son have a large trade, and having every facility at hand can always promptly meet all demands made upon them and fill all orders in the most satisfactory manner. A special department is provided for repairi ng and repaintinlg fine carriages, which is always done under the ~mpmediate supervision of a member of the firm, satisfaction being always guaranteed. The bulsinless has been established some thirty years. Both members of thle arm awle residents of New York. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 213 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. mention than the establishment of Messrs. Wood & Blondel. In the line of printing and binding they have had long practical experience. Both the proprietors are young men, imbued with abundant energy and industry, and their fine establishment possesses facilities equal to those of any other house in the city for the filling of all orders promptly, and in the most artistic and perfect manner. Orders from all parts of the country meet with their personal attention. Their type, presses and material generally are all new and of the very best quality. The individual members of this enterprising concern are Messrs. W. H. Wood and A. N. Blondel, gentlemen who are well and favorably known to the community. O'Shaughn e & Sorley, Commercial Brokers, No. 93 Wall Street.-Success in any branch of trade or in any business calling is due not so much to the opportunities that are offered but to the ready tact and energy which can take advantage of them when presented. It is in this light we must view the well-known house of O'Shaughnessy & Sorley, commercial brokers, No. 93 Wall street, who have so long been identified in a conspicuous manner with the commercial interests of the city. The firm was established about twenty years ago, its first location being at No. 97 Wall street, where the business was for a long time carried on. Both the partners had for ten years previous to their coming together, a most extensive experience in every branch of the export and import trade, having been connected with some of the oldest houses in the business, whose location was just beside their own. Their methods and unusual enterprise marked the course of the firm from the start, and told in the volumne of business which it speedily came to handle. Four years ago the firm removed to its present commodious office, at No. 93 Wall street, where the business transacted takes in every part of the Union and embraces coffees, spices, &c. Their connection with London, Holland and the East Indies being first class. The house is among the largest and best known in the United States. Both Mr. O'Shaughnessy and Mr. Sorley are members of the New York Coffee Exchange and of the Importers and Gr ocers' Exchange. 8. W. Rice & Co., Manufacturers of superior Base Balls, No. 51 Dey Street.-Among the most prominent houses engaged in the trade is that of the well known firm of S. W. Rice & Co., at No. 51 Dey street, whose origin dates from 1872. For five years it was located at No. 147 Fulton street, whence it finally moved to its present elegant premises, comprising three floors 25 x 100 feet, at No. 51 Dey street. The success of the firm from the first has been most encouraging, and from a trade of limited dimensions, it has built up one of the largest, as it is certainly one of the finest in the whole United States, the busitess extending over the whole country. There could be no better test of the superior quality of the articles which the firm manufactures than this potewt fact. The members of the concern are Charles Bell, S. W. Brock and James E. Redman, all gentlemen of intelligence and tried skill in the manufacture of base balls. John I. Merrill, Wholesale Dealer and Pla nte r of Oysters, Boat No. 16, Foot of West 10th Street.-The importance of the oyster trade as a representative industry of this great business center is apparent in the promine n t part it has taken in th e general growth and prosperity of the commercial interests of th e city. A leading and popular house engaged in this line of trade is the well known establishment of Mr. John I. Merrill, located In Boat No. 16, at the foot of West 10th street. The business was established in the year 1862, by John E. Merrill & Co., and was originally located at the foot of Spring street. In 1876 Mr. John I. Merrillsucceeded to the business, and und er h is enter prising management the prosperous trade of ea rly y ears h as been greatly augmented and the house is now classed among the leaders in the trade. Mr. Merrill has large beds at Princes Bay, and buys extensively from planters at all points, his stock comprising all the best brands of oysters and clams known in the market. The trade is shipping wholly to Western and European markets, and the annual business, were it computable wotuld reach astonishing proportions. The proprietor is a young man about thirty-two years of age, but with a large and valuable knowledge of the business in which he has literally been raised from boyhood. Mr. Merrill enjoys the highest esteem of his compeers for his many fine qualities, and in the trade his reputation for integrity and upright business methods have given him a popularity from which has accrued an extensive and ever increasing patronage. Mr. John E. Merrill, the founder of the business and father of the present proprietor, although advanced in years, is still active in the business to which has bees devoted the greater portion of his honorable and eminently successful life. Charles Elsenmann, Photographer, No. 229 Bowery.-Among the leading and most successful photographers of the East Side is Mr. Charles Eisenmann, whose spacious and well equipped gallery is at No. 229 Bowery. He has been established for the past ten years, five of which he has been at the present location. The reception parlors, operating rooms, etc., are spacious and handsomely fitted up with a view to the comfort and convenience of patrons. Mr. Elsenmann is an artist of recognized ability, and has won an excellent reputation for the superior merit of all work executed by him. The portraits taken in his gallery are triumphs of the photographer's art, and are equal to the best productions of higher priced competitors. He uses the instantaneous process-which takes a photo as'quick as a wink." He possesses every facility for rapid work and makes a specialty of large portraits, crayon and oil paintings. Mr. Eisenmann has no superior in the matter of mercantile photography, and enjoys a large patronage from our leading commercial houses. He also has almost a monopoly of the theatrical and show business, and has furnished thousands of photos to performers and curiosities traveling throughout the United States. Mr. Eisenmann was born in Germany and came here about 11 years ago. P. a. Langedon, Proprietor of the North River Planlng and Saw Mill, and Box Manufactory, and Dealer in Lumber, Nos. 148 to 158 Bank Street.-The most important branch of the lumber trade is comprised in the planing and saw mill business, to which line a large amount of capital and skilled labor is devoted in this city. One of the ablest representatives of this line of trade on the west side is the well known establishment conducted by Mr. P. C. Langdon under the title of the North River planing and saw mill. The business occupies a three-story mill building, 60x80 feet in area, fully equipped with the requisite machinery and appliances for a successful prosecution of the business. An important feature of the establishment is the box manufactory and the proprietor is also a dealer in lumber, a large yard in the rear of the mill being devoted to the purpose. The business was originally established in the year 1857, and has since been in the hands of several parties until 1881, when the present proprietor succeeded to the managment. Mr. Langdon is a courteous gentleman, of some fifty years, thoroughly familiar with all departments of the lumber trade in which he has had an extensive practical experience. Wo od & Blondel, St eam P r inters, Nos. 35 and 37 Vesey Street.-Among the prosperous and growing enterprises of the metropolis, none are more worthy of 214 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES 21 J Abm. S See & Lowe, General Insurance Agents, No. 60 Liberty Street.-It is a pleasure to record the character and enterprise of such houses as the one above named, which has been so long engaged tU the insurance business that an account of its operations is almost a history of the business itself. Of such houses it is unnecessary to speak any words of praise. Their very existence'is emphatic evidence of the honorable position they occupy, and the long course of just dealing which they have pursued. This house was established twenty-eight years ago, and its career bears evidence of the strict integrity and sterling personal worth of the proprietors. A general fire and marine insurance business is transacted, and risks are placed only in the staunchest and most reliable companies. Mr. Lowe has made a special study of Refinery Insurance, and has statistics covering a period of twenty years. He personally inspects all the refineries once a year. The firm controls twenty refinery accounts and writes risks on forty-two. These the companies deem first-class, the firm claiming that for the past twenty years the profit on this kind of business has been 50 per cent net. Mr. Abm. S. See was born in Pennsylvania, and both he and his partner, W. E. Lowe, are among the most popular men in insurance circles. Julius Buchbinder, Engraver and Chaser on Fine Jewelry, No. 59 Nassau Street.-Mr. Buchblnder is the successor of Herman Meister, a gentleman who for many years occupied a leading position in the trade, and the reputation which the concern gained under the last named gentleman has been maintained most effectively by Mr. Buchbinder. As an engraver and chaser of fine jewelry this gentleman has no superior, and the recognition of this fact by the trade has directed a large share of its patronage to the work-rd6m of Mr. Buchbinder. Special attention is given by this gentleman to thle execution of work for private parties, and his transient trade has attained to large proportions by reason of the superior quality of work turned out by him. Mr. Buchbinderhas enjoyed peculiar advantages for perfecting himself in all departments of his business, and his work is characterized by an originality and artistic beauty which readily commend it both to the connoisseur and the uninitiated. There is no artist in this line who has a more extended acquaintance in the trade or who is more universallyrespected and esteemed, and to those desiring the services of an artist in his line he may be safely commended as a thoroughly competent. fair dealing and reliable gentleman. He possesses every facility for the expeditious filling of orders, and promptness and accuracy are the distinguishing characteristics of his methods. Charles Tisch, Manufacturer of Fine Parlor Furniture, No. 164 Mott Street.-This gentleman at his large and popular establishment, No.164 Mott street, manufactures a complete and splendid assortment of fine parlor and cabinet furniture, of various designs, and also r eceives and fills orders for any special manufacture in his line. The stock is large and valuable and the amount of business done runs to a high figure annually. While the trade is mostly local, there is a gradual growing business in the adjoining states. The furniture in sets for parlor, reception rooms, chambers, &c., will compare favorably with that of any other house in the city. The building occupied is a five-story brick one where a large number of han ds are e m plo yed. Mr. Tisch, during the New Orleans Exposition, displayed within the main building, many handsome specimens of his furniture, which were manufactured from special designs. Mr. Tisch is a German and enjoys an excellent reputation as a prompt and energetic business man. James T. Wright, Manufa cture r of and Dealer in Glassware,Lamps,Chimneys,Chandelers,Crockery, Majolica and Plated Ware Clocks, Fruit Jars and Kerosene Oil, No. 225 G reenwich Street.-I n looking over the field it is comparatively easy to see that the various trades which supply articles for house hold use and adornment, have exer cised an impo rtant influence upon the welfare of thi s c ity. P romin ent amo ng th e leading manufacturers of and dealers in glassware, lamps, chimneys and crockery is Mr. James. T. Wright, who occupies the spacious premises, 225 Greenwich street. This business was established in 1857, and has been at the present location since 1859. Mr. Wright occupies the entire building and has every facility for manufacturing on a large scale. He carries an extensive stock which embraces glassware of every description, lamps, chimneys, chandeliers, crockery, majolica and plated ware, clocks, fruit jars, and kerosene oil. All goods not manufactured on the premises are received direct from producers in large quantities and are sold at the very lowest price. During a long and successful career Mr. Wright has ever maintained the principles of integrity and fair dealing and has built up a large and prosperous trade. Wtllet & Hathorn, Wholesale Dealers in Wooden and Willow Ware, etc., No. 188 WashingtOn Street.One of the leading houses handling these goods is that of Willet & Hathorn, No. 188 Washington street, the extent of its connections and its high standing entitling it to this distinction. The house was established in 1841 by Mr. Willet, Mr. Hathorn becoming a partner about seven years ago, and its trade has now reached such magnitude as to require the whole of a large building for the effective transaction of business. A number of experienced assistants are employed, and all orders, both city and suburban, are filled promptly and accurately, satisfaction being guaranteed in every case. The firm carries one of the largest assortments of wooden and willow ware, brooms, brushes, baskets, cordage, i mats, matches, etc., to be found in the city, and the stock is all of the best material and finest workmanship. The wholesale and retail trade of the house is very large, its goods being in demand wherever once introduced, and every accommodation consistent with correct business methods is extended to customers. During its occupancy of the present quarters, a period of about eight years, the firm has become one of the most popular in this section of the city, and enjoys an enviable local patronage. Mr. Hathorn belongs to the old family of Hathorns so well known in history and eminent at the bar, in the forum and in social life. Myer Gans, Manufacturer of Ladies' Cloaks, No. 49 Walker Street.-It is now some eight years ago since Mr. Gans began to manufacture on his own account and from quite an or din ar y beginning, through ability, enterprise and earnes t work, he has risen to become a representative and leading manufacturer. Mr. Gans, makes quite a general line of goods, but is specially strong in ladies' cloaks, jackets, sacques, dolmans, and plush and silk goods generally. The most careful attention is bestowed by this firm in the selection of the materials employed for manufacturing purposes, and in the cutting, fitting and making up of their garments the most modern and thorough methods are pursued. Mr. Gaas, in season, gives attention also to the manufacture of underwear for ladies' and boys' waists, wrappers and kindred articles. A heavy and versatile stock in all the grades and varieties of these goods is all the time kept on hand to meet the urgent requiremeents of the trade and a steady and rapidly increasing business is the result of the firm's energy. Four extensive floors, each 25x100 feet in dimensions are occupied, furnishing employment to a number of employes. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 215, 216 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Rogers is a native of England, but came to this country when an infant, some sixty years ago. He is devoted to his profession and has given it many years of study and faithful application. J. & J. W. Iesworth, Wholesale Dealers, Planters and Exporters of Red Cross Brand Oysters, Boats No. 8 and 5, foot of Charles Street.-An important feature of the commercial activity and enterprise of this great metropolis and one which has borne a prominent part in rearing its vast business wealth and prosperity, is that most popular of American industries the oyster trade. The exponents of this branch of trade are among the most influential and successfulbusiness men of the city, and the influence of their large and varied interests upon the general development of all branches of mercantile trade is strongly marked. One of the most popular establishment in the oyster business in this city is that of Messrs. J. & J. W. Elsworth, occu pying boats eight and five at the foot of Charles street, North River. The house was founded under the title of Elsworth & La Forge, about the year 1835, and was origi nally located at Washington Market. Later it was re moved to the foot of Spring street, and again about twenty-five years since to the location since occupied. The present firm, the members of which are sons of the senior of the original firm, succeeded to the busi ness in the year 1867, and under their experienced man agement it has since developed into one of the largest and most prosperous houses in the trade. The Messrs. Elsworth are wholesale dealers, planters and exporters of the celebrated Red Cross Brand, in connection with which their name has become famous throughout this country and in Europe. They plant and raise their own oysters, having large beds at Darien, Five Mile River, and Norwalk, Conn.; Oyster Bay, Rock away, Cold Spring and Blue Point, L. I.; Princes Bay and Great Kells, Staten Island, Ambo,r, Egg Harbor and Keyport, N. J.; York Bay, N. Y., and Medway and New Neilton, England. Having their own oyster beds and in so many different locali ties, they are always sure of having good oysters, and are wholly independent of other dealers as to price and quality. A prominent feature of the business of this house is the opening department. The trade is ship ping exclusively, and is located throughout the states and to all points in Europe, the latter branch being sup plied from the beds in English waters, or direct from New York during the season. The house owns a large fleet of vessels employed in the trade. Throughout its eminently successful career the house has maintained the principles of sterling integrity and equitable dealing, which were inaugurated with its establishment, the exercise of which has obtained for it an unrivalled reputation in the trade. The members of the firm are both experts in the business to which they have been raised from boyhood, and now reside in Bayonne, N.J. The Elsworth brothers have long been noted for theiractive interests in yachting matters. They are six in number, and all have acquired more or less distinction in this connection. Mr. J. Elsworth is one of the most skillful yacht captains in the country. He has participated for many years in all races of note and has rarely come off second best. His greatest acheivements have been made as captain of the famous "Montauk," (modelled by his brother Mr. P. Elsworth, and said to be 4he finest and speediest yacht of her class afloat), which craft he has handled throughout hersuccessful career, her many victories shedding a lustre upon his skill as a yachtsman only equalled by the fame of this'glorious vessel. John IRogers, Architect, Nos. 115 and 117 Nassau Street.-Mr. Rogers has been established as an architect since 1853, and dmuing that time has drawn the plans for many large and prominent buildings in this city, including several notable churches. He is at present superintending the erection of a home for incurables at Fordham. His offices are located in Wood's Building, Nos.ll5 and 117 Nassaustreet, and are well provided with every facility for the transaction of business. Mr. Eagle Wrought Iron Works, Hoffman & Schu back, Proprietors, Nos. 123 and 125 Horatio Street.-For many years the iron manufacture has constituted one of the most important of American industries. It is a line of commerce necessitating the employment of a vast amount of capital, and one which in its various phases fr om mining to manufacturing, affords a source o f i n come for a great multitude of people. Among the pros perous houses at present engaged in this line in this city -may be mentioned that of the Eagle Wrought Iron Works, which though of comparativly recent establishment, is rapidly assuming a position among the leading houses in the trade. The business was established in June 1884, by Messrs. Joseph Hoffman and John Schuback. The location, at No. 123 and 125 Horatio and No. 527 West streets is a most desirable one, being situated near the center of a large and prosperous district, while its proximity to the river affords superior facilities for shipping and the receipt of goods. A series of appropriate buildings are occupied, having an area of 50x85 feet on Horatio and 30x50 on West streets. The line of production includes iron railings, stoop doors, window guards, &c., and the excellent workmanship exhibited, and the high quality of the goods produced have already secured a high reputation, and large and lucrative patronage. The members of the firm are both practical men of extensive and valuable experience. Mr. Hoffman,the senior-member,is a native of Germany, in which country he early acquired through a long term ca apprenticeship, a thorough knowledge of the trade. He came to this country in 1869, and was employed in responsible positions until the spring of 1884, when he joined with his partner in establishing as above. Mr. Schuback is also a native of Germany,and like his partner, learned his trade in the old country. He came to this country nineteen years since, and in the interval between his arrival and beginning business for himself, was a valued employee of one of the oldest iron houses in this country. This firm has already gained for itself a first-class reputation for the excellent work it turns out, and has every prospect of becoming within a brief period one of the leading establishments of its kind in the country. lie NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. J. P. Logan, Manufacturer's Agent for Seconds and Remnants In Cottons and Woolens, No. 37 Walker Street.-Mr. J. P. Logan as a manufacturer's agent in this market gives special attention to the handling of seconds and remnants in woolens and cottons. This business now under the sole proprietorship of Mr. J. P. Logan was formerly carried on by Messrs. Bush and Logan, it having been established by them about five years ago. Mr. Logan's stock Is full and varied, embracing a line in seconds and remnants of woolens and cottons in the following varieties: white lawns, checks, plaids, figures, silesias, corsets, jeans, cambries, hollands, sheetings, shirtings, canton flannels, prints &C. A special feature is made by this house of woolen remnants. Possessing ample capital, and the most intimate knowledge of the market and the most excellent facilities for this character of trading, Mr. Logan Is In a position at all timesto offer to] the public exceptional advantages as they arrive In the market. Mr. Logan occupies spacious and commodious premises at No. 37 Walker street, in close proximity to Church street, in the very centre of the dry goods interests of the metropolis which are at all times crowded to their utmost capacity, in the handling and turning over of large lots of their goods as they arrive. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 217 James Gallagher, Brass Foundry, No. 87 Centre Street-The business of Mr. Gallagher was established in 1852, the proprietor having learned his trade at an early age and been intimately acquainted with all its details before he started for himself. Few houses in the trade can at present boast of a larger or finer business than that which the skill and energy of Mr. Gallagher has built up. The premises at No. 87 Centre street are admirably adapted for the wants of the brass founder's trade. They consist of the basement and first floor of the building, the dimensions of which are 23 x 73 feet. Brass, composition and long bell castings of every description are the specialties to which Mr. Gallagher devotes himself and in which he has earned a distinguished reputation alloverthe UnitedStates. Although one of the most successful men in the business in New York, Mr. Gallagher is singularly free from airs, and always prides himself on the fact that he is a self-made mani Stearns & Company, Sole Manufacturers of Stearns' Ammoniated Bone-Superphosphate, Eagle Brand Fish and Potash, etc., No. 149 Front Street.-A prominent house manufacturing fertilizing supplies, is that of Messrs. Stearns & Co., No. 149 Front street, which was established in 1879, by Mr. O. H. Stearns, who is sole proprietor. The factory is located at Cole's River, opposite Fall River, Mass., very conveniently situated for shipping purposes, and is equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appar"us necessary for the systematic conduct of this important business. Messrs. Stearns & Co. are sole manufacturers of Stearns' Ammoniated Bone-Superphosphate, Eagle Brand Fish and Potash, "Americo A 1 Peruvian Guano," and other fertilizers, which are unsurpassed for quality and efficiency by those of any other first-class establishment. Great care is taken in the selection of materials from which this fertilizer is made, and all the ingredients are thoroughly tested before composition. It is compounded principally from the Americo A 1 Peruvian Guano, bone, fish, animal matter, potash, etc., hence very rich in all the elements of plant food. This manure has not only the power of quickening the plant growth, but feeds it as well, and carries the crop rapidly through to maturity and saves it from the early frosts and is invaluable to farmers. The Eagle Brand Fish and Potash is very popular in many parts of the Northern States, and is highly recommended for light, warm and sandy soils. It is rich in plant food, viz: Nitrogen, Phosphoric Acid and Potash, and especially adapted for grass, wheat, rye, oats, corn, potatoes, onions, root crops, etc. Mr. Stearns is held in the highest estimation by the community, for his ability and integrity, and his prominent establishment gives every promise of a prosperous and succesful future. Alrman kiothers, China, Glass, Crockery, Fine Bisque Figures, French Chin a Vases, Jardiniers, Majollea Goods, French and English Dinne r and Te a Ser vices, Tin and Wooden Wares, Household Notions, &c., No. 960 Eighth Avenue, cor ner 57th Street.-The t ra de in a china and glassware has attained vast proportions in the city of New York, and covers many different depart - ments. Dealers in thes e goods n ow add to ordinary house hold wa r es a fine cut depart ment, in which all the latest artistic devices are shown, with s ta tua ry and beautiful painted a rticle s of ever y kin d. A very large establishment of this kind, i n fact the best, is th at of Messrs. Altman Brothers, at No. 108 East 125th street, and whose branch store is at No. 960 Eighth Avenue, corner of 57th street. These gentlemen are importers of every kind of china and glass ware, Fr ench, English and other foreign goods of the finest quality, and in their i mmense st ore one can find everything desired in this class of goods. The establishment c over s an area of 25 by 100 feet, and is filled with a bewildering and dazzling assortment of most beautiful and brilliant wares. As thei r trad e is amon g the best people of the cit y, and those m ost fastidious in their tastes, great care has been taken in the quality of their goods, and purchasers are always sure that if an article comes from Altman's it is certain to be good. Besides their large collection of art goods anri elegant china, Messrs. Altman also have a large stock of the plainer varieties of the best quality, and their business has increased to such an extent that they have also added a department in which may be found all kinds of tin and wooden ware, tubs, pails, etc., and all the little household notions which go to make up a well ordered home. Of late years Messrs. Altman found their trade extending far beyond the limits of Harlem and its vicinity, and to accommodate their customers in other parts of the city established, three years ago, a branch store at No. 960 Eighth avenue, corner of 57th street. Here they have built up a large business soon taking the lead, and gaining the reputation of keeping the best goods, selling at moderate prices, and having the largest and greatest variety of stock. Of course, to carry on two such extensive establishments requires great business enterprise and skill, and these has been shown in the highest degree by the Brothers Altman. Though but young men, they have earned a high place in the business community, and have made themselves respected for integrity and worth by all with whom they have had dealings. In the large force of clerks and salesmen which is necessary to carry on such an extensive business, are found men skilled in every branch of the business, and visitors and purchasers are all most favorably impressed with the courtesy with which they are received, and the alacrity and accuracy with which their orders are filled an(l every taste gratified. Charles E. vendt, Insura nce Broker, No. 80 Wall Street.-It is essentially necessar y for prope rty owners an d merchants,in consequence of the peculi ar nature of some of the p olicies issued by insurance com panies, to obtain the advice and counsel of able insurance agents. Among these special mention should be made of Mr. Ch a rl es E. Wendt, whose offices are centrally and eligibly located at No. 80 Wall Street. Mr. Wendt established t his bus iness in 1869, an d ha s a thorough knowledge of every detail of fire, marine and life insurance, and the stability of th e v arious companies doing business in the metropolis. All order s by mail, tele graph or telephone are promptly filled, and it is the earnest desire of this responsible house to merit by the strictest principles of mercantile honor a continuance of the permanent support already enjoyed. Mr. Wendt represents the receiver of the Globe Mutual Life Insurance Company, and possesses ample facilities for conducting all transactions under the most favorable auspices. He is always anxious to render his customers every possible advantage. Personally, he is highly esteemed by the community for his ability and integrity, and justly merits the support of those who are largely interested is commercial affairs. W. D. Woods, Importing Tailor, No. 1178 Broadway. -This business was originally established by the present proprietor in 1868, and has Since been continued with great success. In 1879 in consequence of increasing business, Mr. Woods removed tohis present eligible location. The store is very commodious and well fitted up for the display of the various fabrics, which include an infinite variety of the best foreign worsteds, suitings, broadeloths, vestings, etc. These are procured direct from the manufacturers and are selected with a judgment, which a life-long experience in the business confers. Mr. Woods is admitted to be one of the most stylish and artistic cutters in New York. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 217 218 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. John F. Baxter, Ship Chandler, and Wholesale dealer in Steamship and Engineers' Supplies, No. 30E West Street, near Spring Street.-One of the besi known and largest houses in this line is that of Mr. John F. Baxter, successor to the old firm of John C. Baxter, which was established in this city some fifty years ago on the same block. The present proprietor was formerly in partnership with his father upon whose death, which occurred some seven years ago, he succeeded to the business. He occupies the commodiou s building, No. 308 West street, which is four stories high and whose dimensions are some 20 feet by 90. It is well stocked with steamship, engineers', machinists' and steam fitters' supplies, including bolts, nuts, washers, lay screws, turn buckles, oils, compounds, manilla rope and various other articles too numerous to mention. Mr. John F. Baxter is the owner and manager of the Baxter Wrecking Company in which he has a large amount of money invested. Its wrecking plant includes steamers, wrecking pontoons for raising sunken vessels and cargoes, wrecking schooners and lighters, each supplied with powerful steam pumps. The celebrated wrecking and fire steamer, John Fuller, was built for and equipped by the firm of John a. Baxter & Son. Mr. Baxter has been raised in the business and is one of the best informed gentlemen in his line in this country. This house is a monument to the memory of the father who founded it, and who has been replaced by his son who continues to increase the extensive business which they already controlled among the shipping trade and elsewhere. W. 1R. Oakley, Jr., Agent for Norwood Cambrics, Silesias, Cheviots, Wigans, etc., etc., Lawrence Building, Leonard Street and West Broadway.-Although but recently established on his ownaccount, Mr. Oakley is well known and has had long experience in the businesshenow conducts. Hehasbeenconnectedwithsuch representative houses as Bates, Reed & Cooley, Dunham, Buckley & Co., Evans, Peake & Co., and Eldridge, Dunham & Co. He is, therefore, no novice to the trade, and in his new enterprise he brings to bear the practical experience of many years. Mr. Oakley is the agent for the celebrate Norwood cambrics, silesias, cheviots, wigans and other textile fabrics. Being personally known to the entire trade of the city, and being highly esteemed for his sterling worth and ability, he is destined to achieve success. The products he represents have a standard reputation throughout the United States and have an extensive sale in this city. Mr. Oakley possesses the push, pluck and intelligence necessary to a successful career, and he has the best wishes of the entire commercial community in his new enterprise. He was born in this city and is a typical young New York b isiness man. L. E. Tree, Importer and Jobber Glassware, Crockery, Lamps, &c., No. 40 Murray Street, near Church Street.-An important branch of commercial activity, and one deserving of special mention, is the importation of glassware, crockery, &c. A well known and popular house engaged in this trade is that of Mr. L. E. Tree, No. 40 Murray street. The business was commenced some eleven years ago and since its inception has met with a large degree of success. The present proprietor, Mr. L. E. Tree, who was the senior partner, succeeded the firm about one year ago. T he premises occupied consist of a very large and spacious store which is completely stocked with fine glassware, crockery, lamps, &c., &c., brought from all the prominent centres of the world. A very large stock of lamps of the most beautiful designs in bronze and brass may here also be seen, and all goods are offered at moderate prices. Mr. Tree is a thoroughly practical man, a connoisseur in this line, and in commercial and social circles i,esteemed and respected, both as a business man and upright private citizen. This establishment is perfect of its kind, and the proprietor, by strictly attending to business, has been able largely to increase his custom, and correct principles carried out in future will result in still further extending his operations. Oakley & Keating, Nonpareil Washing Machine and Laundry Machinery, No. 40 Courtlandt Street.-This house was established in 1861, and since its foundation has obtained a permanent and liberal patronage, owing to the unsurpassed quality, efficiency and utility of its laundry machinery. The specialty of the firm is the N onpareil W ashing Machine. wh ich co mbines strength of construction and speed of operation to an extent never approached by any other invention for washing. For a period of twenty years the Nonpareil has held the :Brst rank among washing machines, and has received annual awards from the American Institute from 1865 to 1891, and is one that has no rival and is worthy of a place in every family. The lirm have likewise manufactured the Eagle Washer, which is adapted to tubs of any style, and is readily placed in a working position as a wringer, and by its compactness is specially suited for use in flats. The factory is located at No. 135 to 143 Manhattan avenue, Brooklyn, and is equipped with all the latest improved machinery neces sary for the economical conduct of the business, employ ment being given to a large number of able and expe:ienced operatives. The members of the firm are A%essrs. John M. Oakley and John Keating. John H. J. Ronner, Steam Packing Box Factory, Nos. 47 and 51 Ann Street.-Among the most extensive packing box manufacturers of the metropolis is that of the well known and popular house of Mr. John H. J. Ronner, which was founded several years ago. The factory is a very commodious and suitable building, fully equipped with all the latest improved machinery. Mr. Ronner manufactures cabinets for the convenient filing of letters, bills, papers, druggists' prescriptions, and also for keeping pressed herbs and d,lugs. These cabinet s are mad e of whit e wood, stained and varnished i imitation of oak, an en hd finished with handsome brodze draw pulls with movabl e label, and can be altered at any time without ex pense; consequently, the se cabinets can be used for many purposes, and are sold a t the moderate price of seven dollars. Mr. Ronner possesse s a complete kno wledge of the business a nd the wants of the market, and the pac king boxes turned out from his factory ca n co mpe te in all points. Henry Armshetmer, Impor ter of Jewel ers' Saws and Files, No. 85 Nassau Street, between John and Fulton Streets.-Mr. Armsheimer has been engaged in his prese nt enterprise for ab out four years, and his estab - lishmen t has attaine d to the front rank in it s special line. He is a d irect i mpor sterof jewelers' saws, files and watch ma terial s, and an extensive dealer in every de scription of jewelers' findings. The house is well known and extensively patronized by the trade, owing to tle superior quality of the stock carried and the special in ducements Mr. Armsheimer is enabled to offer by reason of his large and influential foreign connectiou. All goods sold by this house, being selected with great skill and care, are of the very best quality and work manship, and special facilities are at hand for filling both large and small orders at the shortest notice. His concern is first-class in every respect, and those placing orders with him may rely upon receiving equi. table treatment, and every legitimate business accom modation in their dealings with him. Mr. Armsheimer is very popular in his line for his genial manners and practical methods. In the social circles in which ke , mingles he is highly esteemed. 1218 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. are also extensive importers of church goods, and are the sole agents for Mayr's Artistic Institute, Munich. Messrs. Fr. Pustet & Co., are by special appointment, printers to the Holy Apostolic See, and the Sacred Con gregation of Rites. This fact alone places them as the representative house in the publication of Catholic lit erature. They have branch houses at Cincinnati and Ratisbon, Bavaria. An immense stock is carried at their New York establishment, and every facility is at hand for executing the largest orders in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. The individual mem bers of the firm are Messrs. A. Diepenbrock, Messrs. Fr. Pustet, A. DiApenbrock, and E. Steinback, gentle men whose reputation in the commercial world is beyond the requirements of praise. A. Vogeley, Glass Cutter and Beveler, Polished Plate a specialty, New York, New Haven and Hartford Rail road Depot, Corner Elm and Franklin Streets.-The industries of this metropolis are numerous in number and cover every branch of skilled activity, and yet we doubt if there is one of greater importance or one re quiring a higher trained experience and ability than that of glass cutting and beveling. In this line, it is generally recognized throughout the city, that Mr. A. Vogeley is the leading representative, and one who is fully qualified to promptly fill any and all orders. Mr. Vogeley not only brings practical experience to bear, but is also a gentleman of scientific attainments, and has welded theory and practice together, until he has brought the art of glass cutting and beveling to a higher stand ar d of perfection than it had ever attained before. He occupie s f in ely adapted pr emises in the depot building of the New York, NewHav en, a nd Hartford Railroad Depot, corner of Elm and Franklin streets, and there has the third floor f itted up w ith the finest modern a ppliances and machinery, employing a large number of hands and promptly filling the largest contract orders for importers, dealers, contlactors, houseowners, manufacturers of mirrors, showcases, &c., and devotes his personal attention to the carrying on of his large busines s. He has now been permanently est ablished since 1857, and has been steadily located in Elm street. Mr. Vogeley has made many improvements in business, notably the beveling of polished plate,mirrors, &c., by his improved apparatus, duly patented on Nov. 28th, 1876, and April 17th, 1877. The cutting, beveling, and drilling of polished plate is a prominent specialty, and he has done all the work on the glass fronts for the largest buildings in this city and elsewhere. Gewynne & Richardton, Builders' Hardware, No. 569 Hudson Street.-This firm is composed of Messrs. Richard Gwynne and H. W. Richardson, both of whom are natives of England, and came to the United States about twenty years ago, with the hope of being able to improve their conditions in life. This business was established in 1870 and the enterprise has been satisfactory from the beginning. The store is of large dimensions with double front, having a capacity of twentyfive by eighty-four feet and is well arranged for the purpose to which it is now devoted. The stock is very extensive and consists of builders' hardware, machine and carriage bolts, lag screws, tools, files, leather belting, hooks, studs, and, in short, all other articles which naturally belong to a business of this character, all of which is displayed with taste and in such a manner as to give the store an eminently business-like appearance. These gentlemen have had a quarter of a century of experience in this line and are thorough masters of the business in all its various details. Their long residence has made them and their methods in life well known tot the community, who hold them in high repute, and from among whom this house is now drawing a permanen~L and generous trade. A lbert H. Daki n Steam Book and Job Printer, Ma nufacturing St ationer, Manifold and Carbon Papers, No. 60 Barclay S treet.-I n revi ewing the various industri es th a t te nd to make New York the most important city in the United States, it is curious as well as instructive to note the adv ances that have been made in the d ifferent l ines of production, and to ascertain the progres s t hat has b een secu red by enterprise and capital. The grow th of steam printing tc, et., may be said to have attained celebrity both i n number of establishments, as wellasinqualityofthework produced. One of the best equipped housen is in this line, is that of Mr. Albert H. Dakin, No. 60Barclay street,w hic h w as fo unded o riginall y in Canal street in 1874, and eventually in consequence of a rapidly increasing t rade, the business was removed to its present eligible lo c ation. The premises occupied are very spacious, and are fully provided with splendid presses, numbering and cutting machines of the most improved patterns, by me ans of w hich t he work produced is accomplised d with dispatch and in the best possible manner, employment being given to a large numb er of skilled and exp er ienced operatives. The h ous e carries on a general jobbing trade, and makes a sp ecial t y of the manufacture of blank books, such as Journals, dcay books, ledgers, which are unsurpassed for q uality and workmanship by those of any other c ontempora ry first-class firms in the met r opolis. Throughout the entire establishment th r ere pervad e s a system of order, that facilitates the transaction of business here conducted, and makes the house a pleasant one with which to establish trade relations. In mechanical execution Mr. Dakin's printing cannot be excelled, and as he keeps always on hand a most extensive supply of new type, comprising all the latest styles, customers can implicity rely on the character and elegance of the work produced. The proprietor has likewise a branch establishment at No. 482 Hudson street, where he manufactures carbon and manifold papers which are unequalled for quality and general excellence. This branch of the business is the invention of Mr. Dakin's father, and has increased to such an extent (owing to the excellent quality of the manufacture) that additional room has been taken; and to-day more tissue paper is used in this gentleman's business than by any other manufacturer in the world. Besides the very large home trade Mr. Dakin exports large quantities to Europe, South and Central America and the West Indies. Mr. Dakin is a native of New York, and is respected in the mercantile world for his ability and integrity, and Justly merits the success attained by his enterprise and perseverance. His skill in printing is unsurpassed, and his work is equal to anything at home or abroad, and being practical in every department of the art, he has achieved an enviable reputation for the artistic merits of his production. Fr. Pustet & Co., Publish er s, Booksellers, and Importers of Church Ornaments. Sole Agents for Mayr's Artistic Institute, Munich, Nos. 50 and 52 Barclay Street. -In reviewing the various enterprises that have made N ew York the great commercial centre o the nation, i t is instructive and in terest ing to note the advantages that hav e b ee n made In eac h of the representative indu stries, and t o ascertain exactly what has been accomplishe d b y e nergy and capit al. Ini looking over the field It is c omp arativ ely e asy to see that the publishing trad e ha s exercised an important i nfluenc e upon ou r general trade. Prom inent among th e leading and representative houses engaged in this trade is that of Messrs. Ft. Pustet & Co., who occupy the spacious building, Nos. 50 and 52 Barclay street. This business was established in 1865, and from a moderate beginning has grown to be one of the most extensive and influential houses in the world. They publish a vast number of Roman Catholic works, all of standard excellence; 219 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTPRIES. many of the largest manufacturers in this line in the United States and Europe. He has been intimately connected with the business for upwards of thirty years, and in that time has become popularly and well known to the trade generally. He is a thorough practical business man highly regarded and well esteemed by all who know him. John Patterson & Co., Tailor and Importers, No. 436 Sixth Avenue.-In reviewing the mercantile establishments of the metropolis, it has been our aim to mention those houses which are best representatives of each industry, and which contribute most to its reputation as a source of supply. Among the several avocations followed here, that of merchant tailoring may be regarded as of the greatest importance to the community in furnishing those evidences of taste in dress that are represented in fashionable and well fitting garments. As one of the houses in this line of business which has been foremost in promoting the standard of elegance in gentlemen's attire, that of Messrs. John Patterson & Co., No. 436 Sixth avenue, is of special importance, and is deserving of particular mention in a review of those places most desirable in New York as purchasing points. This house was founded by Mr. John Patterson in 1854, at No. 70 Sixth avenue. In 1874 he admitted Mr. A Patterson, his nephew into partnership. Mr. James H. Patter son, the son of the founder, joined the firm in 1883. which is known by the style and title of John Patterson & Co., and after some changes, in 1874, the business was removed to its present eligible and central location. The premises occupied are very commodious and spacions, elegantly fitted up with every appliance and convenience for the accommodation and display of the large stock, employment being given to about 150 hands. The house is widely known for the marked good taste displayed in the selection of the stock, which is unsurpassed in the city as to quality and style of goods, giving customers ample assortments from which to choose, for either business or dress suits, not excelled by any contemporary establishment. The goods consist of fine cloths, cassimeres and suitings of their own importation. of every variety of the latest styles of the day, in stripes, plaids, checks, mottled and other designs, which are manufactured to order at moderate prices and in style after the latest fashions. The individual members of this copartnership are Messrs. John,Andrew and James H. Patterson, the first two, natives of Scotland, the last of New York. It is but little to say in conclusion, that those giving their orders to this house, will obtain inducements in workmanship and prices not easy to duplicate elsewhere, while in quality of goods, fit and style, everything is guaranteed to give perfect satisfactionl J. F. Preston & Co., Ag ents P. Jewell & Sons, Leather Belting, etc., and also the Boston Woven Hose Company's Celebrated Rubber Lin e d Cot ton Hose, etc., No. 5 Barclay Street.-An impo rtan t branc h of commer~ial activity and one deserving of special mention in a review of the leading business interests of New York, is the manufacture and sale o f le ather beltin g and rubber lined hose. The trade of late has developed to large proportions, stimulated by an active demand the world over for fresh triumphs of American ingenuity and skill, especially in fire apparatus of all kin ds, an d by the superiority in finish, durability and e xcellence of recently manufactured hose for fire department use. Much of the credit for the prosperous condition of this interest is due to the representative house of Messrs. J. F. Preston & Co., No. 5 Barclay street, which was founded by the present proprietor in 1877, and since its inception has built up a large and rapidly increasing trade. The firm have several agents on the road constantly soliciting orders, and in every centre of population have customers of the highest standing in their particular line. Messrs. Preston & Co., are agents for the celebrated house of P. Jewell & Sons' leather belting, lace hides and metallic tip lacings, etc., and also represent the Boston Woven Hose Company for its famous rubber lined cotton hose for hydrant, factory and fire department use. Hose pipes, couplings, lanterns, fire hats, shirts, belts, and general fire department supplies are always kept on hand, and can be depended on for their unsurpassed quality and excellence. Previous to opening his present extensive establishment, Mr. J. F. Preston was connected with the reliable firm o! P. Jewell & Sons, for twenty years, and is held in the highest estimation by the community for his excellent business ability and inflexible integrity, and this agency is regarded as one of the most responsible in the metro polis. John J. fdiin, Printers, Warehouse 100 Nassau Street.-The improved presses, and other appliances, the beautiful types and ornaments, the numerous little machines for facilitating labor, the various shades and qualities of ink and paper, which are in common use to-day with printers were unknown a quarter century ago. In this connection it is a pleasure to mention a gentleman who has done much to advance the interests of the trade, Mr. John J. Millin whose establishment at 100 Nassau street is a head-quarters for all the most approved adjuncts of the printer's art. He has been established since 1865, and has built up a large and prosperous patronage. He is a manufacturer of and dealer in all articles used in job printing and newspaper offices. The goods made by him have a standard reputation among printers. Mr. Millin is well known to the trade as an honorable, energetic and reliable business man. By years of liberal, and well balanced commercial methods he has built up a large and permanent trade, which extends all over the United States. Ira L. Beebe, Commission Deal er in Woo d Pulp, Paper, &c., No. 132 Nassau Street.-The paper trade is one of the leading business-features of New York, a number of well known and responsible merchants being edgaged in it. Among these is Mr. Ira L. Beebe, who does a commission business in wood pulp, papers, etc. He makes a specialty of wood pulp and represents 220 Welcker & ][ties, Importers of Laces, Embroider. ies, &c., No. 47 Walker Street.-This responsible and strictly first-class importing house is one of'the most prominent I ocated in this market. and worthy of mention in the pages of the present work. -Its history goes back some three years, when Weloker & Ries first opened their business as importers. The Individual members of the firm are Messrs.W. Welcker and E. Ries, who are Importers of laces and embroideries and are successfully building up a large and rapidly Increasing patronage. Posessing ample capital and very superior foreign connections, it is not surprising that they have been so eminently successful. The goods in which they are primarily interested, are laces, embroideries, lace curtains and lace novelties. They have business connections of the most valuable nature, at Nottingham, Eng., and Calais, France, the very centres of the lace industries of Europe. In the United States Messrs. Welcker & Ries are able to sell to the very largest and best jobbing trade all over the country, they keeping at all seasons on the road a number of efficient and competent salesmen, to look after the wants of their numerous customers. Messrs. Welcker & Ries occupy extensive and commodious premises, at No. 47 Walker street, which are taxed to their utmost limit, In the storage and handling of a heavy stock, necessary to be carried to meet the exigencies of the trade's demand. Both members of the firm are highly popular with the trade. I I Julius Berbecker & Co., Upholsterers' Hardware, etc,, No. 65 Duane Street.-Thi s w ell known and essentially representative house in its special line was ori ginally established in 1842,and has been controlled by the present firm since 1873. The house is one of t he largest in the country, and is we ll and f avorably known to the trade and in gener al busine ss circles'a s one of the soundest and mo st reliable. T he f irm is composed of Messrs. Julius Berbecker, John J. Henderson and Thomas Morris, all of wh om are en erget ic members of the commercial world, and ar e held inhigh rep ute for their equitable dealing, enterprise and judicious methods. They are extensive import ers and manufacturers of general upholsterers' hardware, needles and wire nails, French gilt and brass nails, brass cornice poles, pole rings, brackets, hangers, brass curtains, polls and rings, and are sole a g ent s for t he cel ebra ted Sta r scissors and shears. All these goods are of best makes,and the ornamental nails imported by them, and of which they make a specialty, are standard goods, they being the largest importers in their line in the United States. The warerooms and offices of the firm are eligibly located and every convenience is at hand for the expeditious transaction of business. The factory is situated on Monroe street and is fitted with every improved appliance for effective work, and a large number of operatives are given employment. The members of the firm are gentlemen of long and varied experience in their line, and control a large share of trade, owing to the recognized high character of all work turned out from their establishment, which, it may be safely said, has no superior in this country. L. Bowsky, Plumber and Gas Fitter, No. 843 Third Avenue.-The plumbing trade, as a sanitary measure for the promotion of health, occupies a position in the front rank of improvements, and has become a necessity in this utilitarian age of progress. In these days of the complexities of city life, the plumber has become in the highest degree essential to our comfort, and a few remarks concerning one of the most reliable houses engaged in this industry, cannot but prove of interest to our readers. We refer to the well known house of Mr. L. Bowsky,No. 843 Third avenue, which was established in 1869, and since its foundation has ever made it a rule to do nothing but first class work, for the accomplishment of which the most skillful workmen are employed, and the best procurable materials are used. The premises occupied are commodious, and comprise a suitable store, where a full and complete stock of plumbers', steam and gas fitters' supplies are carried. Everything in the way of plumbing, ventilating, steam and gas fittin g is executed, contracts are entered into, and the comple te fitting up of buildings of all ki nds is satisfactor ily performed. In sanitary engineering, the special ty of the house, on the perfect performance of which so much of the health and comfort of the community depends, an active and practical experience is certainly an element to command confldence. Such an experience is that of this house, which being combined with all necessary facilities, readily accounts for the popularity of this concern among builders. Mr. Bowsky deals likewise in ranges, heaters and furnaces, and carries out anything required in tin and sheet iron work, and is the manufacturer and inventor of Bowsky's Patent Plumbers' Charcoal Furnace, which is sold at the low price of $2.00. Business relations once entered into with Mr. Bowsky, will prove as pleasant and satisfactory, as skill and experience caii make them. The Smith & Stevens Manufacturing Company, Sole owners, Patentees and Manufacturers of Wooden Plates, No. 176 Fulton Street.-A new and important branch of commercial activity and one deserving of special mention, is the invention and manufacture of wooden plates, which is now successfully conducted by Smith & Ste ven s, whose places of business are located at No. 176 Fulton street, this city, and No. 9 North Charles street, Baltimore. These gentlemen founded this enterprise seven years ago, and their factories in Sunderland, Vt., in North Carolina and Delaware respectively, are constantly in operation and give employment to many skilled workmen. Their leading specialities are fancy sawed three ply fruit and cake baskets, card receivers in walnut, maple and plain white for decorating purposes; castors and wall pockets, besides decorated plates and plaques, which are handsomely and tastefully decorated and sawed'in a great variety of styles. These articles are so constructed out of three-ply cross-grained plates as to prevent them either from breaking or spliting, and are both useful and ornamental for the household. The officers of the company are Wm. J. Hiss, president, and Wm. P. Sandford, secretary and treasurer, who are sole owners, patentees and manufacturers of these goods. J. Elnstein, Importer and Dealer in Calf, Kid, Lamb and Sheep Skins, White and Colored Skivers, No. 56 Warren Street.-Engaged in the importation of French kids and calf kid is the house of Mr. J. Einstein, which was founded in 1866 by the present proprietor. The premises occupied are commodious aid spacious, and are fully stocked with a valuable assortment of French and German glazed kid, which for quality and excellence are unsurpassed by any other contemporary establishment. Mr. Einstein is a type of the self-made man, who rises by his own exertions from a humble beginning to a foremost place in the commercial world. Commencing life in a modest position, by industry, perseverance and economy, he acquired the necessary experience and capital for the successful conduct of the growing enterprise of which he is now sole proprietor. The Simonds Manufacturing- Company, No. 50 Cliff Street.-There is no country in the world that surpasses the United States in the production of furnaces, stoves, etc., and the demand for some classes of these articles taxes to their utmost capacity the numerous factories devoted to their manufacture. The production of artificial heat by means of stoves and the improvement* of arrangements for cooking, have occupied our manufactures to a greater extent than those of any other country. and as a result the perfect inventions in use in New York, are of a superior character, embracing economy of fuel, tasteful designs, excellent workmanship and general efficiency. No better illustration of the truth of this statement can be found than by an inspection of the stock furnaces, ranges, etc., shown by the "The Simnonds Manufacturing Company" at their warerooms, No. 50 Cliff street. This business was originally established in 1845 by Messrs. Culver Simonds & Co., and was conducted by them wit}; great success till 18S69 when it was formed into a stock company. Tlhe company manufactures hot and cold air regisLeis from new and artistic designs, and a new patented movement, and its specialities in furnaces and ranges, which are known by the names of Bugk, Fawn, Empire, Sultan, are unequalled for economy in consumption of fuel, durability and excellence, and are embodiments of mechanical workmanship of the highest order of perfection. Wing's Disc Fan, a new light ritnning steam fan for ventilating hotels, churches mines, and Wing's Fan Ventilator, the cheapest and best device for ventilation are also manufactured by the Simonds Manufacturing Company. The factory is located at Norwalk, Conn., and is equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances necessary for the systematic conduct of the business, and the whole of the works reflects the greatest credit upon the management for ingenuity, skill and attention to details. 221 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 0 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Al lanltie, Hgl i.a aixds Paper Wars) Company, Office anlm Salesrctms. No. 49 W arren Street.-The discoverythat paper substances can bre atied instead of tin. iron and copper for many articles of domestic use is of modern and purely American origin. It belongs to a class of inventLons tlhlt are not appreciated at first, baet have subsequently become of sucnh import,ace, that they not only enlarge the field of human labor, but affect also eFtablishe d t rades. In this connection the attention of our readers )s direted to the reliable Atlantic HiBu Llaulges Paper Ware Company, whoseo offices and salesroooths ale located at No. 49 Warren street. This company was duly incorporated under the laws of the Sta-e of New York in April, 1884. the following -entleman being the officers, viz: President, G. M. Blauvelt; Secretary, W. P. Towns; Superintendent, H. Whittingham. The factory is located at Tiffany Place. Brooktyn and Is very spacious and commodious, and is completely equipped with all the latest improved apliances and machinery, employment being given to about fifty operatives. The company manufactures alprge variety of paper ware goods, including water and wil i pails, basins, cuspadores, house furnishing and fancy goods, which are unsurpassed for elegance, utility and durability, and being made in one solid piece are almost indestructible even with harsh usage. This company, though only recently organized, has acquired an enviable reputation with the trade and public for the unsurpassed excellence of its goods, which are made of the best m,aterials at the lowest possible prices, compatible with good workmanship. M. Donohoe, Furniture, Carpets, No. 2,7 H'tidsork Street.-A representative house in the retail furniture trade on the West side, is that of Mr. M. Dolloboe located at No. 277 Hudson street. The store has dlie-tsions of 25x100 feet, and is admirably arranged for the display of the large and complete stock of furniture, carpets, ofi cloths, mattings, &c., in the tasteful selection of which thie proprietor has evidenced his peculiar fitness for this line of trade. Although very young at the time, he served during the war in the quarte ingasel's department on government transports, and soon after the close of the rebellion he entered a prominent esl ablisl. ment in the house furnis'uing line, where he remained six years. In 1873, having by i rugal industry acqulh ed a sum sufficient for the pur,pose, he embarked in the business for himself in a small way on Ninth avenue. His courteous attention and upright honoraoie business methods soon made him popular, and in a very short time the demand had outgrown his facilities and it be came necessary to seek more commodious qu-i ters. The location chosen and since occupied is one of pecu liar advantage, being the centre of a large purchasing community. In the conduct of his enterprise Mt!. Don ohoe has zealously endeavored to secure the esteem of all with whom he has been brought in business relations. qb ole & Gray, Plumbers, No. 14R Fa&t 19th Strenet. -There is no trade which we owe more too than (inai; of the plumber, for on him depends the sa.n~a-v coanttion of our dwellings; both as regalrds veui i,tla,on and drainage. A prominent house engaged in floe business, is that mentioned at the head of this article. Both members of the firm are practical workmen, and superintend personally all the work entrusted to th~em. Thmey employ none but the best mechanics, and it is the aim of tle house to give satisfactaon to all patrons. The firm of Thole & Gray are prepared to do all kinds of work; estimates are cheerfully given and all jobs are promptly executed. The business is conducted with energy and is now of the most prosperous character. We take pleasure in mentioning this house, for in so doing we feel confident that we recommend those who~ Justly deserve it. H. & A. Robst, Whole,%ale Dealers in Bakers',ald Confectioners' Supplies and Grocers' Drugs, No. 344 Greenwich Street.-Both these young gentlemen have had an extensive experience and intimate acquaintance with this line of business. Starting in quite a modest way, they have been very successful and have met nitlt such a degree of patronage that much larger development is assured. The specialty of this firm's trade is their line of grocers' drugs, which consists of all the varieties of extracts and essences used for domestic purposes. Of these they make a line which for purity and superior quality cannot be surpassed by any house in the trade. Messrs. H. and A. Robst are wholesale dealers In baker3: and confectioners' supplies. They have a large and increasing demand throughout the states of New York and New Jersey, and are successfully developing a prosperous and profitable trade. All the details governing this manufacture are intimately known to Messrs. H. & A. Robst. They give their exclusive attention to their business, and are regarded with confidence in the trade and merit the success which they are reaping. One very special feature of this manufacturing house is that jobbers and dealers can have their own imprint or brand inscribed on the labels used by H. & A. Robst. J. H. Diggles, Manufacturer of American Printed Cotton Goods, No. 122 Church Street.-This is a representative house in the market, and for the past twentyfour years has been prominently known in the drygoods district of this city, where the salesrooms of the firm have been dluring this time located. Formerly in College Place but more recently situtated in the commodious premises No. 122 Church street, Mr. J. H. Diggles' salesrooms are patronized by tne largest and best dry goods buyers from all sections of the country. He is an extensive manufacturer of American printed cotton goods, making of these a very choice line which for variety of design, chasteness of patterns, and general effectiveness are not surpassed even by some more pretentious houses. The head of this establishment was brought up in Boston, Mass., and has had a life-long experience in this manufacture and understands every detail of it thoroughly. The factory is situated at Lowell. Mass., having three printing machines and all the necessry appliances of the most perfect order. The established reputation of this house is one which has been built up after many years of liberal and upright treatment of all who have had dealings with the house. George }i:. Brown, Proprietor Brown's Furniture and Storage Establishment, and Brown's Express, No. 202 East 42nd Street.-Among the most popular and reli - able establishments devoted to the removal and storage of furniture, pianos and household effects is that of which Mr. George E. Brown is the esteemed proprietor. He founded the business some eighteen years ago, and has during the lengthy intervening period developed a large and permanent trade, including among his regular customers, many of our leading citizens. His storage warehouse is very eligibly and centrally located in East 42nd street, near Third Avenue, and offers the cleanest and best of accommodations Tor the storage of furniture. &c. Mr. Brown has also built up the highest of reputations for tile promptitude, skill and care with which he removes furniture, pianos, mirrors and goods of all descriptions. He employs none but experienced workmen, and himself gives close personal attention to the execution of orders. He attends to the boxing and shipping of furniture and goods to all parts at the very lowest rates. Mr. Brown has long been a permanent and respected resident of this city. He is an influ ential member of the Masonic Bl ue Lodge, Chap ter Lodge and of the In dependent Order of Odd Fellows, and is in every respect a public snirited citizen. 0 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Atlantic Oyster Company, Wholesale Dealers in Oysters and Clams, No. 27 Hubert Street.-The Atlantic Oyster Company is another reliable and enterprising concern located in this market engaged in the oyster trade. The original foundation of this house goes back very many years. In fact, it is one of the oldest in the market in this line. Since the advent of the present incumbent, Mr. J. F. Arundell, the house has gained a much wider patronage than ever previously enjoyed, and is to-day recognized in this market as a leading and representative house in the oyster interest in the metropolis. The Atlantic Oyster Company handles a very superior and choice variety of this delicious bivalve, receiving from the beds off the coast of Virginia and Maryland some of the best flavored oysters brought into this market. The greatest discrimination and care are exercised in the management of this business, and customers are confident that their orders will be filled conscientiously. Mr. Arundell enjoys a very extensive and valuable patronage from the very best hotels, restaurants and saloons, not only in the city of New York, where his custom is very large indeed, but from dealers all throughout this State, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and the Eastern States generally. Personally the head of the house is a young, energetic, active man, who has had an experience of eleven years in this business. He Is intimately and favorably known in this city, and enjoys not only a good patronage, but the respect and confidence of all who have had dealings with his firm. Cherrystone clams from the eastern shore of Virginia, meats being white, solid and very tender, making them the best clams in market. reDunninges" Patent Magazin ae Base Burning Steam I3eating Boilers, W. Meeker Littell, Sole Agent, No. 40 Courtlandt Street.-The use of steam for warming bouildings has become so well understood, and during the past few years has made such rapid advances into public favor, that it seems unnecessary to prove by argument its superio rity over all othe r modes of warmhng. The unsightly stove, with its aes ashes and dirt,uneven heat and danger of fire, will not be tolerated ex cept through absolute necessity. The fireplace, though a valuable auxiliary for ventilation, cannot be depended on for warming purposes. The hot air furnaces, with their long train of evils,are giving way rapidly to steam, and have entirely failed to supply the demand for a general diffusion of heat through dwellings, churches, schools and public buildings. In connection with these remarks special attention is directed to "Dunning's" patent magazine base burning steam heating boilers, invented and manufactured by Mr. W. B. Dunning, proprietor of the New York Central Iron Works,Geneva, N. Y. This boiler is the very best devised for the production of steam for warming purposes, and has ceased to be an experiment, over 2500 now being in use, and is steadily gaining in popularity and has become the standard one for steam heating, being unrivalled for safety, no danger of explosion, and avoids the nuisances of smoke and dust. This boiler is made in a e J ^ _ ^ s~~~~~~~, Wit. E. Wffiiams, Manufacturer of Carts, Wagons and Trucks, No. 392 West 12th Street, bet. Washington and West Streets.-This business was established some twenty years ago by the present proprietor, who has considerable experience, having learned the trade quite young. His shop is well provided with all the modern machinery and mechanical appliances necessary in the business, and he gives constant employment to a number of skilled workmen. None but the best materials are used in the construction of his carts, wagons, etc., which for superiority combined with durability and style cannot be excell ed. H is carts, trucks, and wagons enjoy the highest reputation, and he has for his patrons a number of leading mercantile houses. Mr. Williams who is about forty-five years of age, pays close attention to his duties, personally superintending all work done, and never failing in giving perfect satisfaction. thorough and substantial manner of the best flange iron, fully tested by hydraulic pressure, and capable of carrying steam for any purpose, and is a model of simplicity and perfection. The first cost of such an -apparatus is small, compared with the cost of a house, and when put into the scale against a marble front or other items of mere show, every prudent man, when he considers the subject will decide in favor of steam warming by means of "Dunning's" patent magazine base burning steam heating boilers, however plain may be the finish of his house or the style of his furniture. Mr. W. Meeker Littell, the sole agent of these unsurpassed boilers, has a very commodious sales room and offices at No. 40 Courtlandt street, where catalogues and estimates are cheerfully furnished. He is one of the most popular men in the trade, and is held in the highest estimation by the community as an honorable, liberal and conscientious business man. After thoroughly investigating the subject, it may be justly stated that a well made and properly planned steam warming apparatus, like that of Mr. Dunning's, with suitable appliances for ventilation, is beyond comparison the most economical as well as the most certain and satisfactory means of making our indoor life a perpetual summer, and banishing from our dwellings the foul air and noxious gases that produce so great aharvest of disease. J. F. Dolan, Granite and Blue Stone Works, First Avenue, between 102d and 103d Streets.-This enterprise was started five years ago by Mr. J. F. Dolan, formerly a member of the firm of Birss & Dolan. Mr. Dolan is a practical stone-cutter, and together with his numerous workmen, does an enormous business all over the country, much of the excellent work going to Savannah. Both granite and blue stone are used, and all kinds of trimmings for houses, slabs for sidewalks, etc., are turned out. Mr. Dolan's yards are located on First avenue,between 102d and 103d street, and are amply supplied with all the facilities for turning out the best work in the speediest and promptest manner. It is one of the best stone yards in the city, an d its work is sought after by many of the larger and most reliable builders over the country. Mr. Dolan, the able proprietor, was born in Ireland, and has lived in America many years. He has built up a business of over $60,000 per annum, and is destined to double this volume in a few years, at the present rate of increase. He is a genial, wholesouledgentleman, and enjoys the regard, respect and esteem of the entire community. 223 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. John F. Carr, Lumber, Nos. 543 to 557 West 23d ties to fill all orders of every description. This business Street.-One of the most active and enterprising lumber was established in 1880, Mr. Carr succeeding the firm of merchants, as well as one of the most extensive in the MIessrs. Tolan & Carr, who were engaged in the same busicity, is Mr. John F. Carr. The yard covers an area of ness for several years previously. The facilities Mr. Carr two hundred feet on 23d street, with a depth of two possesses are unsurpassed, he being one of the proprietors hundred feet running through to 24th street, and is fully of a band saw mill in Memphis, Tenn., which produces stocked with all kinds of lumber and hard wood, in- over three million feet of hard-wood lumber annually, cluding mahogany, California red wood, etc., etc. Mr. and all orders are filled at unusually advantageous rates. Carr is fully prepared at all times with the best of facili- He is thoroughly experienced in the wholesale and retail s ignor s in all cases, and the vigorous growth of their btsiness is the best possible proof of the superior facilities t hey o ffer fo r a pro mpt realization at good prices for merchandise consigned t to them. Few men in the metropolis can take a retrospect ive view of their past life and business career with great er pr ide and satisfaction than Mr. Bissell. Beginning when a lad, with little save pluck, energy and inte l ligence, he has by h is own efforts won his way to an independent position, a nd i s to-day one of th e leading wholesale a uctio n eers of New York. Quackenbush, Townsend & Co., Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in HIardware, No. 85 Chambers Stree t an d No. 67 Rueade Street.-This business was e stablished in 1854 by the Mes sr s. Quacke nbush, an d si nce its foundation has always enjoyed a liberal and influential patronage. The premises oc cupied are very convenient and spacious, and comprise a splendid s tore, 30 x 200 feet in dimensions, which extends from No. 85 Chambers street to 67 Reade street, and is replete with every know n article in the line of hardware, cutler y, house-furnishing goods and general supplies for all classes of manufacturers and mechanic s. Here the carriage-maker, the blacksmith, the builder, the agriculturist and the housekeeper can have their wants supplied, and the immense variety of goods kept on hand adds greatly to the trade of the house. They are agents for the Norwich Lock Manufacturing Co., and the house is a well known and popular depot for Wide-awake axes, Rough-and-Ready and Clipper scythes, Beaver files, and other articles too, numerous to particularize. The hardware of this firm is obtained from the most celebrated manufacturers of this', country and Europe. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. Abraham and C. E. Quackenbush and W. H. Townsend. lumber trade and devotes close personal attention to business.. His trade extends throughout the country and to foreign countries, his patrons embracing many of the leading builders, furniture manufacturers, cabinetmakers and jobbers in hard-wood lumber. By the exercise of unswerving integrity and financial ability, combined with a system of honorable dealing and energetic management, this house has attained a prominence which is accorded only to those whose operations have been characterized throughout by the strictest principles of mercantile honor. E. Bissell & Co., Wholesale Auctioneers, No. 83 Chambers Street and No. 65 Reade Street.-A firm long and honorably identified with the wholesale auction trade of New York is that of Messrs. E. Bissell & Co., whose extensive warerooms are at No. 83 Chambers street, extending through to Reade street. This house was founded over twen ty years ago, and by h onorable methods, energy, and enterprise has built up a large and permanent trade. The firm is constantly receiving consignments of goods from the leading mercantile and manufacturing houses of the United States. Their regular sales are largely attended by discerning buyers, who can in this way pick up excellent bargains. They are the only house in the United States who make hardware and cutlery a specialty, and have made all the large trade sales for the manufacturers in this line. The table cutlery companies have, for a great number of years, made all their large cutlery sales with this firm. In addition to the above they also sell largely for the manufacturers and importers of crockery, china, glassware and fancy goods, and have also received many large consignments from Europe. The firm has always maintained an excellent reputation for prompt settlements. Satisfaction is guaranteed to con 224 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company, John M. Whiton, Agent, No. 32 Pine Street.-Pro m inent among the leading insurance agencies of thi s city is that of the St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company, of St. Paul, Minn., e re present ed her e by Mr. John M. Whiton, under whose a ble and talented management the company has maintained the highest of reputations with its New York policy holders, and has ever promptly met all losses occurring to risks written by it. The matter of paramount importance to the insured is the question of the nature of the security afforded, and in this respect, the St. Paul makes an unusually favorable showing. Its total assets amount to the large sum of $1,164,006,70 which is advantageously invested and conservatively handled by the company. With a cash capital of $500,000 the St. Paul's net surplus is $266,610.51 while its reserve for reinsurance amounts to the large sum of over $347,000 with an additional reserve of $46,000 to meet unadjusted losses. Established in 1865, the company has been wisely managed, and has had an unusually prosperous career, its policy reflecting the greatest credit upon its executive officers who are as follows: President, C. H. Bigelow, secretary,C. B. Gilbert, and treasurer, W. S. Timberlake. They rank among St. Paul's most influential and conservative business men, and the best proof of their abilities is the splendid record of the corporation of which they are at the head. Here in New York the company has built up a superior connection with a large business. and an ever increasing reputation for affording absolute security, coupled with the most honorable and liberal treatment of policy holders. It has transacted a business of nearly three million dollars a year in this state, and Mr. Whiton is to be congratulated upon the large measure of success which has attended his efforts. He is an experienced and prudent underwriter, and has every facility for writing risks on both residential and business property at lowest rates. William Mtls & Son, Manufacturers and Importers of Fish Hooks, Lines and Fine Fishing Tackle, No. 7 Warren Street.-This house was founded sixty-three years ago, and began when New York's commerce was in its infancy. It is so well known and has retained its old customers for so long a time, that its reputation for honorable dealing and strict integrity, is established beyond the requirements of praise. The stock carried embraces the choicest foreign and domestic products in fish hooks, lines and all descriptions of fine fishing tackle. Messrs. William Mills & Son were awarded a Gold Medal at the London Fisheries Exhibition in 1883, they being the only American exhibitors who took a prize. They are sole agents for H. L. Leonard's celebrated split bamboo rods, of which they carry a complete assortment J. L. Phillips, Successor to Alonzo R. Hamilton, Steel and Copper-Plate Printer, No. 39 Dey Street.-There is no branch of the mechanical arts in which such rapid progress and improvement have taken place within recent years as in that of steel-plate engraving and printing, and there is no other city in the world in which this trade has attained such artistic perfection as in the metropolis. Among the leading engravers and printers who maintain an excellent reputation for first-class work, is Mr. J. L. Phillips, No. 39 Dey street. This business was established by H. E. Coats in 1845, who was succeededby Mr. Alonzo R. Hamilton, and who in turn was followed by thepresentproprietor in November, 1884. Mr. Phillips is a thoroughly practical workman, and understands the business in its every detail. He employs only the best and most skilled workmen, and all orders are executed promptly in the highest style of the art. Steel and copper-plate printing and engraving of every description are done. Special facilities are at hand for the finest class of commercial work in which department Mr. Phillips is unexcelled. He controls a large and influential trade, which is steadily growing as the merits of his work is becoming more widely known. Mr. Philips is an energetic business man, honorable and fair in all dealings, and welldeserving of the liberal patronage which he now enjoys. Jacob I. HousmanWholesale Dealer in and Planter of Oysters, Barge No. 21, Foot of Charles Street, North River.-In the year 1821 Mr. John I. Housman engaged in the oyster trade, using a small skiff in whi(O he gathered and transported his stock of bivalves to market. Meeting with success in his enterprise he gradually enlarged his facilities, and in due time established a depot in this city for his trade. The subsequent rapid development of the trade eventually exceeded his own facilities and to meet the demand he began to buy extensively of other planters, until at last there was no brand of oysters that he could not supply to the trade. Mr. Housman continued the successful progress of his enterprise, winning in the meantime many encomiums for his probity and equitable methods, until about twenty-two years ago when he retired from business, and was succeeded by his son, the present proprietor. In its present status the prosperous proportion,of the business entitle the house to the distinction of a leader in the trade. Large beds are owned at South Norwalk, City Island, Rockaway, Five Island, Princes Bay and the Rappahannock and York Rivers, Va. The trade is city and foreign, the large shipments to England constituting an important fea G ture of the business. The house owns a fleet of schooners and sloops and the dredging steamer "Lizzie H," all of which are kept busily employed in gathering and transporting the stock to market. Thomas Ogle, Veterinary Surgeon, Nos. 219 and 221 West 46th Street.-The above gentleman is a regular qmulied graduate of one of our best known county veterinary societies, and has been engaged in the active practice of his profession since 1862, and has in all that tim e been more than usually successful with all cases that have been in his charge. In 1878 hebestablished his office at Nos. 219 and 221 West 46th street, between Broadway and Eighth Avenue, and soon succeeded in building up a large business. His ofce hours are from 8 to 10 a. m., and from 6 to 8 p. m., in which time he is at the disposal of all who desire the benefit of his skill and experience. He has also in connection with his busines an infirmary for sick horses, where they can have the benefit of his immediate care and attention. He has had since in practice some very valuable animals in his care, and has gained good opinions from all by his success in treating them for the various disorders with which they were afflicted. J. W. Mott, Coal and Wood, Nos. 123, 125 and 127 West 36th Street.-Among the old established coal merchants of the metropolis is Mr. J. W. Mott, whose office and yard are at 123, 125 and 127 West Thirty-sixth street. This business he founded in 1850, and he has occupied his present location about seven years. He deals in all the best qualities of coal, such as Locust Mountain, Lehigh, and Plymouth Red Ash, also English Cannel and other bituminous coal of the different sizes, which are carefullyscreened before delivery. Pine. oak, hickory and other woods, are always on hand and sold at the lowest market prices. Mr. Mott has an extensive patronage which is drawn from among our best families, mercantile houses and institutions and is constantly growing through the energy and business capacity he displays. He has always taken an active interest in every movement that had for its object the welfare and advancement of his fellow citizens, by whom he is held in the highest esteem. 225 22 E OKSLAIGIDSRE.__ financial circles, and is ably assisted by the esteemed vice-president, Mr. Thomas F. Goodrich, long directly identified with fire insurance circles, and who gives his closest personal attention to the company's affairs. He is ably seconded by Mr. West Pollock, the popular secretary of this corporation, who is possessed of a wide range of experience as a practical fire underwriter, and is a recognized authority on all questions incident thereto. Mr. George C. Howe, the assistant secretary, is a hardworking and invaluable executive officer, who has developed the finest system of business organization to be found in any insurance office in the city. Niagara Fde Insurance Company, of New York, Offices No. 135 Broadway.-Prominent among our leading fireinsurance companies is the Niagara, which, like its great namesake, the cataract, has since its organization in 1850. continued to manifest an ever present power, in that it has ever afforded absolute se cunty financially to its numerous policy holders. The Niagara Fire Instrance Company was organized and commenced business in the year 1850, and has, during the intervening period under its notably wise and ca pable management, steadily developed both its business and resources. From 1859 up to and inclusivelof the year 188., while other companies were falling behind in their assets, and consequent power to afford security for fire risks, the Niagara steadily augmented its assets, so that while they were $104,955 in1859, they had increased by 1883 to a total of $1,874.035. The evidenceaffordedin these instructive figures of prudent and yet talented management is so conclusive that further comment would be superfluous. Another feature of interest in re::ard to the Niagara's assets, is the excellence of the forms of permanent investment ever followed by this corporation, and which afford the most absolute degree of security that human foresight can devise. We find by its last semi-annual statement, that $1,256,?60 were invested in United States and other bonds; $99,100 were loaned on bonds and mortgages as a first lien, while $82,500 were invested in bank and other first class dividend-paying securities.' The company has a cash capital of $500,000, a reinsurance reserve amounting to the unusually large sum of $843,390.89, while its net surplus has grown to $331,447.89. These large sums of reserved strength afford an iron clad guaranty to all its policy holders, and shows besides that the company could reinsure all its business if so disposed, and hand back to its stock holders all their capital, and 66.29 per cent. of a premium thereon. This showing forcibly presents to the attention of our readers, the exceptional strength of the Niagara, and its full ability to promptly adjust and pay all losses covered by its policies. As is universally known, the year 1884 was one of peculiar and unprecedented hardshi p to fire insurance companies. N everthel ess the Niaga ra, unde r its specially car eful and skilful management reports (which very few companies can do), an increase of net surplus, and very slight decrease of assets owing to shrinkage in market values ollall leading securities. The company premuim receipts have been considerably larger in 1884 than they were in 1883, while the reserve is larger by nearly $41,000 than a year ago. Better than all, the Niagara after so severe a year is able to show, that after paying $50,000 in dividends to stockholders, the entire disbursments for the year were kept down to a point considerably within the income. The aggregate figures of the company's business to date are enormous. From the date of its organization it has received in premiums a total of $17,221,184.35; it has promptly paid losses within the same period to a total amount of nearly ten million dollars, while it has paid dividends in cash to the large total of $1,834,000. We have yet to see a better record of financial success upon an original capital of $500,000. The Niagara is in every respect a representative exponent of the great cardinal principles. underlying all successful fire underwriting. All policies of this company are issued under the New York safty fund law, and in every way possible are the interests oJ policy-holders guarded and rendered secure. The credit attaching to such a magnlficent showing as the above rightfully belongs to the Niagara's popular ex ecut-ive officers, cordially supported, as they are, by on~ of the most influential boards of directors to be fount in New York. Mr. Peter Notman, the esteemed presy dent, has for many years given th~e company the beneft of his abilities in the general guidance of its policy. He 1 agn honored and responsible member of our leadin~ Joseph oehl, Manufacturer of Fine Pocket Books, Letter Case an c ases, Bankers Cases, Portfolios, Collection Wallets, No. 46 Vesey Stre et.-Fe w depart ments of in dustrial and com mer cial activity hav a attained greater perfection or a more deserved reputation i n New York, than the manufacture of pocket books, portfolio s, et c. The comp e t itio n in these artic l oes ha s necessarily been great, but the result has been cor respondingly satis - factory to the genera l public, as a highe r stan dard of perfection has been attained. Prom aent among t repre sentative houses engaged in this trade is tha t of Mr. Joseph Fehr, No. 46 Vesey street. which was originally founded by the pres en t proprietor on Nassau stre et i n 1878, but eventually, in consequen c e of a rapidly increas ing trade, the busin ess was removed in 1882, to its pre sent eligple locati on. The premises occupied are very com moffous and su itable, well f urni shed w ith t he latest improve d m achinery and appliance s ne cessar y for the economical and systematic conduct of the business. employment being given to a b ou t fifty a ble and exper i enced o peratives. Fro m the very commencement of business, Mr. Fehr aimed at producing the very highest quality of work, and no pains or e xp ens e ar e sp ared to accomplish this, the house manufac turin g first class articles only. The stock comprises a full and complete assortment of fine pocket books, lett er cases, bankers' cases, portfli os olios, collection wallets, etc., which are unsurpassed for quality, workmanship and durability, by those of any other contemporary establishments in the metropolis. Jobbing of all kinds is promptly at tended to, and stamping is executed efficiently for the trade, and bankers' cases and collection wallets are made to order from the best materials at the lowest possible prices, compatible with good workmanship. Mr. Fehr is held in the highest estimation by the community for his many excellent qualities of mind and heart and In flexible integrity, and justly merits the prosperity at tained by his ability and enterprise. H. M. Mey[er, Storage Warehouse, No., 300 West Eleventh Street.-Prominent among the leading storage warehouses of the west side is that o! Mr. H. M. Meyers, 300 West Eleventh street. The building occupied is spa cious and substantially constructed, the interior ar rangements being perfect, and afford every facility for the safe and secure storing of furniture, pianos, carriages, mirrors, trunks, works of art, and property of every description. The rooms are large, well ventilated and free from moisture or dampness. The premises are guarded night and day by watchmen, and only the most experienced men are employed in the handling of I goods. Mr. Meyers has been established since 1873, and from a small beginning has built up a large and pros perous business, which is managed under his personal - supervision, with the assistance of several clerks. Mr. Meyers, who was born in Germany and has resided in I this city for the past thirty five years, is highly popular - in the business circle in which he moves. He is all t honorable, straightforward business man, and de serves the success which has attended his well directed t efforts. ft v i 0 Is s a i s 0 n i L d p t T 9 f p 8 i f I i e i e .e i NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 226 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. .Wm. P. Scott, Agent English, Belgian and American Fire Arms, Sporting Goods, &c., No. 81 Chambers Street.-Throughout the United States, New York city is recognized as the great centre of all business interests, and so important is this fact that all the more prominent manufacturing industries are here represented by responsible and energetic agents. Prominent among the many thriving industries is the sale of fA?e arms, sporting goods, etc. In this line we find an energetic representative in Mr. Scott, who has been established since November, 1ls9, baving then succeeded the well known house of John W. Hutchinson. Mr. Scott is thoroughly conversant with every detail of the business. He is agent for several leading Belgian, English and American manufacturers of fire arms and sporting goods. He carries a large and well-assorted stock, and does a very extensive business, which extends throughout the United States and Canada. Mr. Scott is a typical New York business man, prompt, energetic and fair in all transactions. He is very popular in trade circles, and deserves the success which is attending his enterprising efforts. Van Orden Bros., Planters, Shippers, and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of Oysters and Clams, boat No. 5, foot of Perry Street.-Prominent among the prosperous business men engaged in the oyster trade in this city will be found Messrs. Van Orden Bros., who embarked in the business at the present location suecceeding in 1878 to the old established J. & G. F. Thompson stand. LIn the succeeding years the business has been marked by a development commensurate with the industry and zeal of its enterprising management. The firm buys extensively from planters at East Rockaway, City Island, East River, Blue Point, and Patchogue L. I. A specialty is made of the famous Shrewsbury, Rockaways and Blue Points, in which the firm deals largely. The trade is domestic and is very large, about 40,000 bushels of oysters being handled in a single season. The Messrs. Van Orden are old experienced oystermen with a thorough knowledge of the trade acquired through a twenty-five years connection with the business. They are highly esteemed in commercial circles for their sterling probity and equitably business methods, and their popularity with the trade is evidenced by the exceedingly prosperous aspect of their ever increasing and signally successful enterprise. aspect o! their ever lncreas,!g ana signally suess u Ca. Loos & Co., Carriage Manufacturers, Nos. 223 and enterprise. 225 West 46th Slreet.-The carriage factory of Messrs. O. J. Dennis, Dealer in Flour and Feed, No. 3061 C. Loos & Co., is one of the largest and most complete West 42nd Street.-Among the many establishments in establishments of its kind in the city. Thefirm have been this section of the city in the flour and feed line none in this business for the past twenty-five years, and have enjoy a higher reputation than that of O. J. Dennis, I always been popular, maintaining a high reputation for of No. 306 West 42nd street, who has been established I the excellent character of the work turned out. Carin business and has occupied his present premises riages of all kinds, phaetons, coaches, Landaus, Brou. for the past thirteen years, and where always may! ghams, Cabriolets, Victorias, &c., are made to order or be found a full supply of flour and feed, embracing oats, for stock, in the best manner and from well seasoned meal, corn, straw, &c., &c., which is always selected materials in the latest style, and are in every respect with great care by Mr. Dennis, who understands his equal to those made anywhere in this section of the business thoroughly in all its details. The growth and country. There is also a special department for repairprosperity of this establishment are due to the proprie- lug carriages, which is in charge of efficient workmen tor's energy and straightforward manner of doing busi- and is constantly under the personal supervision of the ness. Mr. Dennis is a native of New York state and proprietor. Although the business is conducted under a long resident of the city, and is held in the highest the firm name of C. Loos & Co., Mr. Loosis the sole memestimation in social and business circles, and has always ber of the firm, the partnership having been dissolved taken a deep interest in any measure, having for its some years ago. Mr. Loos carries on a large business and object the advancement of the welfare of his fellow- his workmanship is highly recommended for strength, citizen. He is a member of several beneficial organi- durability and general superiority. zatlons, among them mention may be made of the Knights of Honor, Windsor Lodge, No. 2044, also a James H. Ferdon, Coal and Wood, Nos. 204,206 and member of the order of United Friends, New York city 208 East 77th Street.-The coal trade of New York is council. one of its most important industries and counts among J. HarryAsh, Wholesale Wine andLiquor Merchant, Its merchants some of the most active and enterprising No. 210 Fulton Street.-The reliable house of Mr. J. business men of the city. The great competition there Harry Ash controlsan extensive business in brandiesand is in this line of business requires the maintaining of a whiskies, and is the popular agent for Messrs. Gallagher high standard among those who wish to control a lucra& Burtonl's fine whiskies. These whiskies bear thelhighl- tive trade and who are compelled tokeep a highstandard est reputation for purity and excellence, and are highly with lowprices. Itis therefore a high compliment to the esteemed by the trade, and are general favorites in the standing of the business house of which this article is a leading hotels, club-houses and groceries of the Metrop- brief notice, to say that Its trade has been steadily on oils. Mr. Ash established this business in 1869, and the increase since the very date of its inception, and since its inception at that date, has obtained a liberal that it now has one of the largest customs in this line and influential patronage, owing to the unrivalled qual- in this section of the city. It is well located for the ity, flavor and purity of his brandies land whiskies. i purposes of trade on East 77th street, near Third aveThe grain for Gallagher and Burton's whiskies is select-J nue, occupying extensive yards, well provided with ed with the greatest care, and only the latest improved shedding, etc. Kindling wood of the best kinds is conapparatus and machinery, and the most modern prin- stantly kept on hand and offered for sale at very low ciples of distillation are utilized. The water from their prices by the cord or load. He also keeps coal of all wells is of a peculiar softness, which facilitates the sizes, from the best Lehigh, Lackawanna and Schuylproduction of an article unrivalled for purity and rare kill regions, carefully screened and prepared for family medicinal qualities. The specialty of the house, Ash's uses, which he sells by the ton or cargo. Mr. Ferdon Old Cabinet Whiskey, is a pure, fine-flavored, sparkling has been established in this line of business about ten liquor, that has no superior, and the sales already large, years, and has been in his present location all of tigat are steadily increasing as the consumers of this health- time. He is well known in connection with various ful beverage, are becoming better acquainted with its high-class organizations; is Secretary of Sprague Counmerits. Those requiring the best liquors in the market, cil of American Legion of Honor, and is a member of cannot do better than give their orders to this responsi- the Knights of Honor. He is one of the board of oflible and well managed house. cers ol the Park AVenue Methodist Episcopal cliu: ch. I I 227 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. James P. Jones & Son, Manufacturers of Paper Boxes, No. 47 Murray Street.-In re viewing the various enterprises that have made New Y ork the great commereial centre of the nation it is in structive and inter - esti ng to n ote the ad vances that have been mlade in each of the representativ e industries and to ascertain exactly what has been accomplished by e nergy and capital. The manufacture of paper boxes for various mercantile purposes has grown to be a most important branch of trade, and among the leading hous es engaged in this line ps that of Messrs. James P. Jones and Son, whose extensive factory is at No. 47 Murra y st reet. This busin es as was founded man y yearsg ago, and from a small beginning has grown to its present large proportions. The firm employ quite a force of skilled hands, and have eve ry facility for executingthe larest orders in the promptest and most re liable manner. They maiw facture every description o f pape r boxes, a nd k eep i n stock a full line of box makers' supplies and control a large and influential patronage. Particular attention is given to the manufacture of boxes for the fur and the cloak trade, as also for bones rounded and suitable for musical stringed instrument trade. The strong, substantial stock boxes made by this house cannot be excelled. Both members of the firm have had ample experience and are well known in commercial circles as honorable, liberal and straight-foiward business men, whose trade has grown proportionately with the merits of their products, and who have won their way into the front rank of an important and thriving industry. John Erskine, Truckl, Wagon and Cart Builder, No. 54 Vestry Street.-If an experience of over seventeen years as a practical worker in a special branch of manufacture, added to a natural mechanical aptitude is worth anything as an endorsement, then Mr. John Erskine may be heartily commended to the public. Hts establishment, which is under his own personal supervision, is one of the most completely equipped of its kind in New York,and his force of assistants comprises the best workmen in their special lines procurable. Trucks, wagons, carts, etc., of every description are manufactured, none but the best material being employed, and all kinds of wheelwright and blacksmithing work is executed at the shortest notice and in the best manner, especial attention being given to general jobbing and repairing. Mr. Si ne occupies an entire building and carries a large stock of articles in his line, and is prepared to expeditly fill orders for special makes or designs. His permanent and transient custom Is very large, and he numbers many of our leading express companies amongst his patrons, such as the Baltimore and Ohio, and others of equal importance. It may be confidently said that there is no concern of the kind in this city carrying a finer stock of material, or which is more f prepared to execute firstcass work upon reasonable terms. Mr. Erskine is well known to the trade as a skilled mechani, and has secured a well-deserved reputation. Lafin & Rand Powder Company, Manufacturers of Gunpowder, etc., No. 29 Murray Street.-In the manufacture of gunpowder for sporting, mining and blasting purposes, the Laflin & Rand Powder Company takes the lead. This company was formed a number of years ago by the consolidation of various interests, and has mills in many parts of the United States. Some of its mills have a reputation of long standing second to none in the country. Their capacity has been steadily increasing for many years, and with new and improved machinery, they are to day unsurpassed for the 4dality of their productions, while by patented processes they produce powder of some grades which is of unequalled excellence. No organization in the world, it is believed, has facilities equal to those of the Laflin & Rand Powder Company for manufacturing and distributing its products of gunpowder. With mills in several States, and depots or magazines in every part of the country, it can supply with ease any mining district or public work, in progress. Among the specialties made by this company is orange powder for sporting purposes, which is universally considered the best made. It has a national reputation and an immense sale. They also make military and Government powder of superior excellence. The military brand was awarded the first position in an exhaustive competitive examination made several years ago by a commission appointed by the Russian government to determine the qtmuality and manufacture best adaptedtosmall arms. Another specialty manufactured is their electric blasting apparatus, which has given perfect satfaction wherever used. Agencies of this company have been established for many years at all the principal points in the United States, and a very large business is done. The New York office and salesroom is at No. 29 Murmay Street. The Lafiln & Rand Powder Company, is a thoroughly representative American enterprise, and at its head are gentlemen well known in the commercial world, and highly esteemed by all with whom they have had transactions. George H. Wright, Steel and Iron Rals, Old Rails, Pig and Scrap Iron, No. 68 Wall Street has been established for several years. Mr. Wright is enterprising, and brings a long practical experience to bear in the conduct9 hi s bus in ess, which, coupled with fair dealing and honorable methods, has gained for him many friends in t he tr ade. The specialty of the house is handling iron and steel rails, although a general business is done Inplgat scrap iron &c. The transactions of the house are with the leading railroad corporat ns, rolling mills and forges of the United S tates. Mr. W ri ght it at all times prepare d t o t rans act any business in connection w ith the trade; contracts negotiated and satisfactorily carried out. Mr. Wright is a native of New York city, and has rsided here all his life. J. Lanzer, Sash, Bli nd and Door Factory, Third Avenue, between 150th and 151st Streets, Melrose, N. Y.This is an extensive est ablishm ent erected fo r the purp os e of manufacturing doors, blinds and sashes. Mr. Lanzer began the busine ss first in 1875 at 149th street and Third avenue, where he remained forsix and onehalf years, removing thence to his present address, where he has been for the few years last past. Mr. Lanzer gives constant employment to fourteen men who are engaged in the manufacture of store doors, show windows, greenhouse and hot house beds. His trade extends throughout the city and vicinity and into the states in close proximity. He buys lumber in large quantities direct from the mills and uses a calorie engine for power. He is a native of Bavaria and came to the United States in 1858. Mr. Lanzer is an active business man, has an extensive trade and one which is still expanding in all directions throughout New York as well as the neighboring States. I 228 I WIUI&M Armstroug, C ter and der, No. 133 East Ug Street.-There is no branch of the mechanical arts where a thorough knowledge of the Ls mo essential as In that of the enter and builder. An lishment In this line which has won an excellent reputation for first-class work Is that of Mr. William Armstrong,No.=East4lststreet. Hehasbeenestablished many years and is a thoroughly practical workman. He employs onlv the best and most experienced hands, and has every facility for executing the largest orders. All work Is done under the immediate supervision of Mr. Armstrong himself, and satisfaction is guaranteed. A specialty is made of jobbing, which is promptly done. Mr. Armstrong is a reliable and honorable business man, highly esteemed by all who know him. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 229 Daft lectr Light Co.-Motors andDynamos, etc., Factory, Greenville, N. J.,. Office, No. 115 Broadway. Elecwtcity Is one of the great p owers of nature, and it is only in the present age that it has been utized as the motiv e power of motors and dynamos. In connleton with these remarks, the Daft Electric LIight Company was organized in A1882, for the purpose of undertaking the development and introduction of electric lighting and electric trantmission of power, both for the propul sion of cars on railroads and the operation of machinery f or manufact uring pu rpo ses. Du r ing the last two years, Mr. Leo Daft, the electricman of the company, has de voted his ener gies to the tasmson of power, and as a result of his labors the company is now prepare d to fu rn ish dyn amos an d mo tors of all sizes, from one quarter of a h orse p ow er up to any siz e that may be required. The invent ions of Mr. Daft are comple tely p rot ected by patents, the m ost experience d counsel hav ing b een re taine d for that purpose. The works of the company are situated at Greenville, New Jersey, and are equippe d with the latest Iimproved mac hinery and tools; only the most able and experienced workmen are employed, thus insur ing first-class workmanship In the manufacture of electric machines. The offices are located at No. 115 B roadw ay, and the following gentle men are the officers of the company, viz: President, Wm. G. Ferris; Treasurer and Secretary, H. M. IHawkes worth; Counsel, R. W. Hawkesworth; Electrician, Leo Daft. The machines are uni formly o f ve ry l ow elect ro m o tive f orce, never exceeding 120 volts, unless specially ordered, the pressure remaining constant within a few volts for all sizes, that is to say, a machine of 50horse power Is of no high e r electrical pressure than one of 2thorse po wer, and both are unquestionably verye far below the point of danger. It has bee n demonstrated in a course of very careful experiments. conducted by the English Board of Trade, any E. M. F. under 300 volts i s saf e for ordina ry conditions, and since the Daft Electric Light Co. never approaches to half that figure, it follows that fatal accidents from the use of Daft machines are entirely out of the question. The results of careful observation have demonstrated beyond a doubt, that the electric impulse has absolutely no destructive infuece upon the conductive stem of machines; de. terioration and wear, are therefore impossible, except at the parts which can be cheaply and easily renewed. The motors and dynamos of the Daft Electric Light Co. are unsurpassed for excellence of workmanship, durability and economy, by those of any other manufacturers in tWis country or Europe, and their Wale is annually increasing, owing to their superiority over all other inventions. The business of the Daft Electric Light Co. is justly a source of pride to every citizen of New York, but also the entire country; while the officers of the company, educated to their calling, are well qualified to attend to It in all its branches, with a due regard to the interests of patrons. Samuel Stodder, Stereotyper, No. 42 Dey Street.In the art preservative of arts great advancement and progress have been made in recent years in the perfecting of fine presses, the introduction of handsome and splendidly proportioned faces of type for general work In the designing of artistic borders, tints, etc. All these things have brought out and developed the taste and skill of the printer. In connection with printing, the stereotype and electrotype process has marked a new era in enabling thetype tobedistrlbuted after a suitable cast by the stereotyper. An establishment that is equipped with all the most improved machinery and appliances for executing every description of first class stereotype work is that of Mr. Samuel Stodder, No. 42 Dey Street. He has been established since 1875, and was formerly located at No. 90 Ann street. Mr. Stodder has every facility for doing the the most artistic work and s an expert workman and employs a large force of hands. He has a large and influential patronage and is highly esteemed as an honorable business man and private citzen. Niagara Furniture and Baggage ]Express, D. Brown, Proprietor, Principal Offices, No. 934 Sixth Ave nue and No. 110O West 53rd Street.-The furniture and baggage express business in New York is quite an im portant one, and a representative and popular house engaged in this enterprise is that of Mr. D. Brown, whose principal offices are located at No. 94 Sixth Ave nue and No. 110 West 53rd street, and which was estab lished by the present proprietor in 1869. Mr. Brown has all the necessary outfit In wagons, horses and other essential equipments, and having a thorough knowledge of what is required, is always prepared to attend to delivering freight, parcels and baggage to any part of the United States or Europe. Estimates are given for moving furniture, and china and glassware are carefully packed, and household goods of every description are moved in the most careful manner by competent workmen. Furniture and piano moving is a specialty, while everything necessary is provided to prevent injury or damage. It isa matter o great convenience and vast importanc to the pblio to possess such establishments as the "Niagara'rnm tre and Baggage Express" and of such punetui and rability by which patrons can forward their goods and merchandise at remarkably low rte oall parts of the world. Many of the largest commercial and manufacturing houses in New York are constant patrons of Mr. D. Brown, who is prepared to quote the lowest rates of freight, and insure the safe delivery of all the goods handled. aiy & Son, Coach a nd Light Carriag e Buil der s and Repairers, Nos. 163 and 165 Crosby Street.-Among the manufacturers engaged in this line of business who have won an excellent reputation for first-class work is the old established firm of Day & Son, whose spacious and well equipped factory is at Nos. 163 and 165 Crosby street. This business was founded in 1835 at Morristown, N. J., by Mr. E. Day, the senior member of the firm. In 1855 he began in this city and soon had built up a large and influential patronage. Mosrs. Day & Son have been at their present location for the past eight years. They are builders of coaches, light carriages and wagons, and make a specialty of repairing, for which they have every facility. Both members of the firm are honorable, energetic business men, liberal and fair in all transactions, and deserving of the success which they have attained. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 229 J&mes nals Dyer of Worsteds and Cottons, Manhattan Dye Works, 130th Street and 12th Avenue. The dyeing of worsteds, cottons and yarns, fabrics which enter so Inply into the clothing manufactured for the human raw, and which are also used for almost an Infinity of other purposes both for utility and omament, has almost assumed the importance of an exact science,and emb all the colors of the rainbow with an Innumerable number of different shades, the names of which an legion. Mr. James Halstead has had a long experience in this difficult and delicate business, and has occupied the prees at his present location during the last six years. The structure In which he conducts his business is of brick work, and covers area equal to three or four building lots, which gives a frontage of about one hundred feet. The machinery employed in this manufactory is driven by steam power,and twenty-five or thirty men who are skilled and experienced in the art of coloring fabrics, find constant employment. I.Wors cottons, braids, yarns and other &re dyed in the highest degree of perfection to the art and a very large trade Is done. Mr. H&Utead Is an honorable, active and very energetic man. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Celestino Palacto & Co., Manufacturers and Impor ters of avana Cigars, No- 161 Pearl Street.-In reviewing the various enterprises that have made New York the great commercial center of the nation it is instrmo tlive ad interesting to note the advances that have been made in each of the representative indue s,and to ascertain exactlv what has been accomplished by energy and capital. In looking over the field it is comparatively easy to see that the cigar and tobacco trade has exercised an important influence upon the welfare of our commerce. Prominent among the leading houses engaged in the importation and manufacture of Havana cigars is that of Messrs. Celestino Palacio & Co., 161 Pearl street. This business was established nearly two years ago and has enjoyed a phenomenally successful career since its inception, winning a reputation and-patronage that has placed it in the front rank of the trade. They occupy a commodious five-story building, and employ a large force of skilled workman. Mr. Palacio is a Spanish gentleman, and has been engaged in the Havana cigar trade for many years. He established a branch house in Havana where he resides most of the time, personally inspecting and purchasing all the tobacco used by the firm in the manufacture of their celebrated brands. Mr. Ferd. Hirsch, his partner, attends to the New York interests. He is a genial gentleman in the prime of life. He came to this country when quite young, with little save pluck, energy and a determination to succeed. His career bears evidence of his sterling personal worth and ability. He is one of the most popular men in tobacco circles and well deserves the success he has attained. The most widely known brands made by this house are La Rosa, El Telegrafo, Mi Puro, El Tesoro, Mi Favorita, Eudora and Otello. These goods are considered' he very best in the market, and command an immense sale throughout the United States. The facilities of the house for executing the largest orders are unsurpassed, while their method of dealing is liberal and honorable to all. Greenhood, Bohm & Co., Importers and Dealers in Clothing, Gent's Furnishing, Liquors, Cigars, Tobacco, Billiard Tables, Bar Room Supplies, Crockery, GlasswI, Wall Paper, Confectionery, etc., Helena, Montana, New York Branch, No. 83 Walker Street.-Enterprise, Poled with the ever necessary practical knowledge of a business, are the two principal requisites to a rapid growth and permanent success, and it is an agreeable task to chronicle the history and facilities of an establishment like that of Messrs. Greenhood, Bohm & Co., Helena, Montana, which from a modest beginning, under the able guidance of its present proprietors has attained to a flourishing position in the mercantile world. This business was originally established at Helena, Montana, in 1876, and since its inception at that date has obtained a liberal and permanent trade, owing to the care and attention displayed in the purchase and selection of the various classes of goods which are sold at their Helena establishment and throughout Montana Territory. The New York office was opened in 1880, under the able management of Mr. Bohm, who is a thoroughly accomplished buyer and highly esteemed in commercial circles for his enterprise, ability and strict integrity. The firm imports and deals extensively in clothing, gent's furnishing, liquors, cigars and tobacco, billiard tables, crockery, glassware, eth, all these articles find a ready sale at Messrs. Gvennood, Bohm & Co's., extensive establishment in Helena, which has obtained an excellent reputation from the mining and farming population for the excellence and quality of their immense stock. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. I. Greenhood and F. Bohm, who have achieved a prominence accorded only to those whose transactions have been based on the enduring principles of equity and honor. They have brought to bear on their enterprise sound judgment, tact and energy, which traits have enabled them to meet the demands of the trade, and draw around them the large patronage they at present enjoy. Wlllam Herron, Importer and Dealer in San Blas Cocoanuts, Fruits and Confectioners' Supplies, Office and Salesroom, No. 361 Greenwich Street; Warehouse No. 354 Grenwich Street.-This is one of the most reliable and thoroughly representative houses in this trade and worthy of mention in the pages of the present work on the leading firms of the metropolis. It is now more than ten years since the inception of this interest in this market and from quite a moderate beginning, through enterprise, ability and energy the same has grown to become a representative and strictly first-class firm. Mr. William Herron is an importer and dealer in San Blas cocoanuts (which are universally conceded to be the best brought into this market), shelled nuts, and confectioners' supplies. Possessing ample capital and extensive trade acquaintances, Mr. Herron is able to import such goods into this country at the lowest prices. His patronage, which comes in greater part from confectioners, is very large, embracing the very best trade, not only in the city and suburbs but ail over the country where the popular standing of the house is well known. The following goods are the leading ones dealt in: San Blas cocoanuts, imported crystal white glucose, domestic glucose, grape sugar (in boxes), Jor dan, Sicily, Canary, Valencia, Esperanza, Barbary, and bitter shelled almonds, Virginia, African, and Spanish shelled peanuts, walnuts, hickory nuts, dates, figs, chocolate, &c, which is but a partial list of the large variety of goods dealt in. Mr. Herron occupies large and extensive premises at No. 361 Greenwich street, be tween Harrison and Franklin, with an additional ware house at No 354 Greenwich street. As he enjoys a popular and far-extending patronage and the confidence of the trade in general, his success in the past is regarded as but the precursor of still greater success to come. P. Ecaubert, Fine Machinery and and Exper i ment al Work, No. 18 Rose Street.-One of the leading manufacturers of fine machinery, who has an excellent rtputation for first class work, is Mr. F. Ecaubert who occupies the third floor, 25x130 feet, of No. 12 Vesey Street. He has been established since 1880, and has every facility for executing the largest orders. He carries a large stock of watch case makers' and jewelers' tools, patent watch case turning lathes, centre and pendant turning lathes, draw plates, pundhes, dies, knurls, milling ma chinery, cutters for box cases, etc. Mr. Ecaubert has had many years experience in this line and is a skilled workman, possessing inventive genius and mechanical skill. By energetic work and liberal methods he has built up a large and permanent trade, which is steadily increasing under the judicious management which he has always displayed in the business from the start. 230 John Bushworth, Manufacturer of All KlUds of, Portable Engines and Machinery, No. 230 West 30th Street.-Among the many establishments in this line is that of Mr. John Rushworth, manufacturer of all kinds of portable engines and machinery,who has been engaged in this business since 1870, and has occupied his present premises, 230 West 30th street, about two years. He is a practical workman and has established an excellent reputation for turning out Ant class machinery of all kinds. His workshop is equipped with all the most approved tools and appliances, and none but skilled hands are employed. Mr. Rush,%vorth does an extensi,%,e business which is annually increasing as the merits of his products are becoming better known. He is an energetic business man, and prompt and reliable In all transactions. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 231 . The New York Cement Company, Sales Offices, a No. 5 Dey Street.-This company was incorporated in e 1860, since which time it has been actively engaged in e the manufacture of a superior quality of Rosendale s Hydraulic Cement. Its property,situated in the town of 1 Rosendale, Ulster county, New York, covers an area of over two hundred and seventy-five acres, a large pro t portion of which is pure cement rock, celebrated for its t superiorhydraulic properties. The company's old works, h which were destroyed by fire in 1883, have been replac ed by a more extensive manufacturing plant, vastly su periorto anything of a like character in this country,and capable of turning out over fifteen hundred barrels of cement per day, all of which is thoroughly testedprior to shipment. We make special mention of this branch of industry,andparticularly of this company, for the reason that its manufactured article is an important factor in massive masonry throughout this country. Immense quantities of this brand were used in the construction of the great bridge now uniting the cities of New York and Brooklyn, and for which the company received higher prices than were paid for any other brands of Rosendale cement used in the work. While it is a mat ter of pride with the company that, prices being equal, their manufacture was given a preference over all other brands, they are by no means compelled to parade as a specialty this gigantic monument to engineering skill. Ii the construction of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Tunnel (Fourth avenue, New York city), it was pronounced the best, and was the only brand that would be accepted at any price. Again, the elevated railroads of New York city and Brooklyn, have approved and used it in their founda. tions to an almost unlimited extent, while in many instances the cities themselves, with their monster piles of massive masonry, (models of architectural design and engineering skill), testify to the superior value of this brand. In addition to the above, it has met with the unqualified approval of United States en. gineers, and large quantities have been used by the United States government in the construction of fortifications, light-houses and other important works. The company have a large shipping trade, and thousands of barrels are distributed annually through the United States and to other points. M. Bowsky, Fur Dresser and Dyer, No. 1115 First Avenue.Continuous success is the real test of the reliability of all business houses, and this being the well deserved fortune of Mr. M. Bowsky, No. 1115 First avenue, dresser and dyer of furs, no other conclusion can be drawn than that he is entitled to the entire confidence of the trade. This house was origi nally established in 1878 on 52d street, but In conse quence of increased patronage was removed to its pres ent eligible location in 1880. The premises occupied'are very commodious and consist of a four-storied brick building, fully equipped and furnished with every appliance for the dressing, dyeing and preparing of all kinds of furs, employment being provided for twentyfive skilled and experienced operatives. He makes a specialty of re-dyeing seal garments that are faded and of the black dyeing of Lynx, Foxes, Raccoons, White Skunks, Beavers, and other rich furs, which until now have all been imported from Europe. Mr. Bowsky has acquired a most enviable reputation among the trade, most of the leading furriers all over the United States being among his patrons, not only for the unsurpassed excellence of his goods, but for moderate prices, and the continuous supply and display of all novelties in every kind of fur. Mr. Bowsky is a native of Prussia, and has resided in -this country for the last eighteen years, and he can be congratulated on the success attained by his'energy, ability and perses verance. of his face. The pictures of prominent men now-a-days are painted, and will be h anded down toan admiring pos. terity. One of the most prominent firms engaged in the portrait business is that of Messrs. J. H. Cobb & Co., No. 305 Broadway, with studios and main offices at 122 and 124 4th Avenue, New York City. They are artists of no mean order, having produced some of the best works of art in their line with an accuracy and life-likeness that is surprising. They have been engaged in the business for the past twelve years and do a very extensive trade, extending to all parts of the continent. A specialty is made of enlarging photographs to life-size paintings, in oil, crayon and India ink. Mr. J. H. Cobb is a native of New York City. He is a young man of great business ability and talent. He has established a branch Of the establishment in Brooklyn, and executes a large amount of orders from that city. A very large business is done in political banners, flags, etc., a force of thirty-five hands being constantly kept busy. The business has always been conducted upon sound, honorable principles, which has brought the house prominently before the public, and gained for it a reputation and standing that has placed it at the head of its particular profession. Visitors will be cordially welcomed at their studios, 122 and 124 4th rAvenue, where specimens of portraits may be seen. Mr. Cobb tells us he has handled 75,000 small pictures and all have pleased the customers. What more to their credit can we say? Heny Waters Manufacturer of Brushes for the trade, No. 332 Grand Street.-Prominent among the old established and well known houses engaged in the manufacture of brushes is that of Mr. Henry Waters. This business was founded twenty-eight years ago, and has been at the present location for seven years. Mr. Waters has extensive manufacturing facilities and employs a number of skilled workmen. He manufactures every ,description of brushes for the trade. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 23,1 J. H. Cobb & Co., Portrait Artists, No. 305 Broadway — When Hamlet said, "L ook upon this picture, and ther upon that," he spoke in a time when portraits were scarce and oil-paintings came high. Were he to have lived tn our times, he undoubtedly would have had hit portrait taken by some prominent photographer, and were he a candidate for office his face might adorn some of the newspaper coluinns, and thus forever crush out whatever hopes or aspirations he might entertain. But he dfigd!left us without a IIcounterfeit-resemblance" NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. John Ford, Plumber and Gas Fitter, No. 62 West Broadway.-This gentleman is the successor toNunnery & Ford, and the sole owner and proprietor of this busine ss, which has been a wellknown and popular establishment lor the past eighteen years. Mr. Ford sucessu fully ca on a general plumbing and gas fitting business and from long practical experience in this line his intlmte knowledge of the same, is such that he can execute in the most skillful and satisactory way every class of this work and guaranteed to lastin firstclass order. As a mechanic, Mr. Ford is an A No. 1 man, and in his employ will have none other but first class men. He makes a specialty of boilers, bath tubs, pumps, water closets, and all other kinds of repairing. Mr. Ford's prices are as low as firstsclass work can be secured for. Edward G. Br own, Contract or f or Ri ver an d Har bor Improvements, Office, No. 44 Broadway.-Noa branch Of Bq owement ha s of late years developed so rapidly a M of our rivers and harbors, and in this line no one is moe universally ressed than Mor. Edward G. and bof No. 44 Broad way. He has now been pemar nor r estanlished in business as a contractor to effet tg above improvements for th e last thit yea rs, and hu during the inter v e ning period, built up the highest of reutations for thorough eftfic iency. He br ing s vast prowal experience to bear, a nd unrivalle d facilities, and no one hqus iedu more important contracts. Mr. Brow n has executed all the dock improvements, dredging and wharfage f or the Hudson River R ailroad Co mpan y at the foot of 65th street, and the thorough reliable character of this wor k is apparent to every eye. He likewise constructed the foundations for the Man Elevated Ballroad bridge over the Harlem rer at 155th s treet, and w hich was a contyrat requiring the greatest skil l i n its completion. He als o b uilt the wall and bridges for the New Jersey Central Railroad Company, on the Long Branch division, the fine pier No. 28 N orth river, and many ot h er important public works, too numerous t o mention with in the limit s of this historical r eview. Enough has been said h owever to ill the high character of mans of the contracts und ertake n, and brought to a successful issue. by Mr. B rown. He is a native of New Jersey, and an influential resident o f the c it y of oElizabeth, while he h as had an offuce permanently duri ng his entire bus iness career, in the block in Broadway, wherein it is now loc ated, fo rm erly havi ng been situated in the Trinity Building, but for the last six y ea rs he has occupied hands o me quarters in the Boreel Building, No. 115 Broadway. r. Brown is noted for his honorable methods and sterling integrity, his executive abilities are of the higest order, while he l a recognized authorlty upon the best way to execute river and harbor improvements of every description, and governments, corporations and private parties who enter into contracts with him, can rely on securing the execution of all improvements upon the most satisfactory b of engineering efficiency. New Yor; Woven Label nufacturing Company, Manufacturers of Woven Labels of every descriptlon, No. 262 Canal Street.-This business was established hi 1869, by Mr. Geo. H. Friedhof, who subsequently admitted his soninto partnership. Mr. Friedhof was the inventor of the woven label, and began his career in a modest way. The gbods when first placed in the market were imperfec, yet they filled a long felt want In mercantile circles, and were eagerly purchased by manufacturers of clothing, cloaks and shoes. As the demand grew greater Mr. Friedhof devoted his energies to the perfection of looms and machinery for the manufacture of better labels. He at last succeeded and bas now in operationiforty looms, em of which turn out many thousand perfect labels per day. Among the many uses to which these labels are put may be mentioned coats, shirts, rubber goods, pants, shoes, cloak, coat loops and linen labels. They are also used for a variety of other purposes. They also manufacture badges which for beauty and originality of design, superiority of workmanship and fish, are unexcelled. During the recent campaign the firm executed many large orders for some of the handsomestpolitical badges that were worn. The labels made by this house are labor-saving, handsome, and are ints e by all the leading houses throughotthe United Stats. The Messon. F~riedher are wed in mercantile circles as honorable, straghtt,nard blmness men, prompt and reliable in all transactions, and highly esteemed for ther stterlin qualifications which have procured for them qndoubted success. Hammond & Conroy, Kindling Wood, No. 133 King Street.-The manufacture of kindling wood is a bustness which of late years has assumed large proportions: and now constitutes an important actor of the commercial activity which has made this city one of the great busi ness ma rts of the world. The membei of t his firm, Messrs. R. F. Hammond and R Conr o y, are both gentlemen of wide business experience and unexceptiona - ble qualities, and alt hough but about one year in this business they have a l rea d y bui lt up a large an d lucrative trad e. Mr. H ammond ha s had a rather checkered career. He was born in the ninth ward, this city, and at the breaking out of the war, being too young for even a drummer boy in the army he enlisted as a "mess boy " upon a governmen t transport. At th e close o f the wa r he wa s e ngaged at d iff erent periods in mac hine shlops and the printing business, his industrious zeal winning commendation wherever he was employed. In the early part of 1884 he joined with hS partner and purchased the old established business since conducted with the most gratifying success. Mr. Hammond is the active manager of the extensive business of the firm, and his integrity and excellent judgment have been mainly instrumental in attaining the present prosperous aspect of the enterprise. Mr. Conroy is, like his partner, well known and highly respected in business circles throughout the city. In addition to his interest in the above concern, he is the proprietor of a large and lucrative trucking business, located in Pearl street, in which connection he has secured a high reputation throughout the city for unswerving probity and reliability under all circumstances. P. Pohalski, Manufacturer of Cigars. No. 153 Chambers Streeta-Of the leading manufacturers in New York in this line may be mentioned the name of P. Pohalski, No. 153 Chamber s s treet, as one of the best known and favorably regarded in the trade. The blasiness was established twenty years ago by that gentleman in this city, and soon afterwards by the industry and steady perseverance of the man agement, gained a front rank among the various cigar nnman acturer s of the city. The trade was const antly incre ased by the introduction of new brands of cigars, which immediately established the mselves i n popular favor, and made fam o us the name of Mr. Pohalski as their manufacturer. He succesively introduced the celebrated "Montoe Christo," "Camille." "Australasia," f"M. Estrella, de Oro,"'-Gypsy," "Royal Star," "Red Ribbon," "'Smu,ler," "Black Band," "Montefiore," "Brigand," "Ramon Gueria," "Zampa," "Lalandre," "Vulcan,"'Josh Whitcomb," and'"ed Cross" brands, which are among the leading ones in the trade. The office and salesroom are at No. 153 Chambers street, where Mr. Pohalski occupies two floors of the building. At Key West, Mr rohalskl has another large establishment, turning out large quantities of cigars. His retail business in the city is also extremely large and necessitates the keeping of a first-class stock to supplv it. 232 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 233 ment of all osses that may occur. The individual members of this copartnership, Messrs. Samuel L. and Mharles. Parsns are highly regarded and respected for their stct integrity, by a large mercantile and Justly em the confidence and good w of the commumlty. George C. Greene, Manufacturer of Carbon and Manifold Papers, Type Writer Ribbons and Maete rials, No. 90 Warren Street.-New York city is so thoroughly metropolitan in its makeup, that its business interests have become distinctly unlike those of any other of the great centres of population in this country. What are found to be only departments in the general character of the wholesale and retail trade of other cities. in N ew Y ork become distinct enterprises, and our s Weets anD av enues are lined with extensive edifice s that are each dedicated to a special branch of commercial activity. This confinement of energy and ability to the distinct lines o f supply and demand has resulted, to a greater degree in bringing about New Y orks a dvanced position among the l eading business cen&es of the world, thn even her acknowledged, unequaled situation, as the importandedportdoor of the United States. As a branch of ihndustr y pe arsuccessful li New York an d as anllle of theabove thought, att entio n is directed to the mature of ba and man ifol d pap ers, which has in Itself become athriin industry. Among the leading ho e in th is sainn an twto of Mr. George C. Green.se suaedir t o J. W. B nr oh & Company, No. 90Warren t. He ohasbeenespbl riad since h 83, and has built up a e and prosperous bm s ness, his speci alties being carbon and mani ld par type writer ribbons and materi als, tran sfer paper for artists A, etc. These goods are all of the very best cuity and have a standard reputpaion. The artles nanufacthod by Mr. Grmene are those that have come into use, tlough the very advanced t hat have er t h he so ,ece ntly been taken in the i nventiv e wo rld, and though sue business, of which he is the propiretor, has been only tw o years in ex istence, it has mad e m ost marked and rapid progress. Mr. Greene has every fality for egeo cuting all orders in a pro mpt and reliable manner. He conducts a wholesal e trade and his bauities an taxed to supp ly the extensive demand for his products. He is an energetic. honorable business man, liberal and fair in all dealtings, and is highly esteemed for his strict integrity and sterling personal worth. N. A. Behle, Enameler, Non. 65 and 67 Nassau Street.-For twe ty-6even years Mr. BShle has been prominently identffied with the business in which he is engaged, and has enjoyed a large share of the custom of the large jewelry houses situated in the great down town centre. Mr. Buhle is possessed of marked talent in his particular line, and his work gives evidence of originality of conception, close attention to artistic detail and the employment of the most approved me. chanical methods. Enameling of the finest and most intricate character is executed in the best manner, at short notice and upon the most reasonable terms, and saesfaction is guaanteed in every instance, the most skllful workmen alone being employed, and the long experience and technical skill of the proprietor being brought to bear in every department. Mr. Buhle's establishment is essential one of the rt-clas concerns of its kind in this city, and as such merits even more extended mention than space will here,:rwmlt to be given. Longstreet's HIarlem RIver T*nuportlon an' o xpr Ltne, Omfce foot of At 130th 8treetThe i mmen se consignments of goods, daily arrving in New York for shipment and transportation, require in their handling the investment of a large amount of capital and other facliUties. A leadI house in the transpor tation trade is that of Longstreet's arm RiverTransportation and Exprem Line, which owns four boats am runs from Pier No. 22 East River, to Harlem and Morrissanla landing, also at Hunter's Polnt, Astoria and Randall's Island. In addition to the above the firm run two excursion routes from Harlem, East 130th street to High Bridge, and from same street to Oak Point on the sound opposite North and SouMth Brothers Island. These boats, neat, eo le and commo diou, run daily from 10 a. m. till 9 p. m, leaving Wte above named ps everyhalfhour. Theseathemost Inviting and delightfully enjoyable excursion routes in New York, and are patronized by hundreds of tholand of pleasure seekers every season. They are owners likewise of a large number of bonded trucks and lighters. This firm was established in 1882, by Messrs. O. H. Longstreet, J. J. Ebert and C. L. Dimon, Jr., and since its ftomdation has built up an extensive trade. Mr. Longstreet, the senior partner, has held a number of honorable positions, such as superintendent of Harlem and New York Navigation Company, also of Morrisanta Steamboat Company, etc. He is a natve of Ocean Port, N. J., and has been connected with the steam boat business for the last 35 years. He was the first to ran a steam vessel to and from Harlem. He is greatly r ted for his stng integrity and bis partners, Messrs. Ebert and Dimon have likewise had considerble experience in the transportiUon trade. A. Sehlehenrie Druggist and Apothecary, No. 73 Eleventh Avenue.-Mr. A. Schlebenreed has been - tablished ten years and has built up an excellent rep tation among a large and inuntal cirle of par The store is spacious and well adapted to the tasnes thoroughly fitted up with all the most modern im provements and stocked with a fXu line of do, chemicals, toilet articles, proprietary medicines and everything usually found in a first-class pharmacy. Mr. Schlehenrled Is a practical druggct and give special attention to the careful compounding of pmnician's prescriptions, in which he uses only the purest drup and chemicals. Having a thorough knowledge of mnt teria medical he makes a salty of compounding desalt formulas upon the highest standard of profes. sional That he is recognzed as an expert in his profession, is evinced by the large number of leading physicians for whom he prepares presoriptions Augustus Vorek, Merchant Tglor, No. 17 Great Jones Street.-As one of the houses in this line of business which have beenforemost in promoting the sadard of elegance in dress, that of Mr. Augustus Vorek, No. 17 Great Jones street, which was established in 1857, is deserving of mention. Mr. Vorck b thoroughly pramev.cal and profiienmt in every detail of the trade, and has acquid a high reputation In the art of fine tallorint;. The stock consists of fine cloths, cassimeres and suiting: of the latest styles, in stripes, pi and checks, which ae made up to order at moderate pries in the most fazidonablemanner. Mr. Vorki s a native of ]Smsl an d has resided in this eoSty for a amber of {Ard, mid is esteemed by the community, as au honarable bui nes man and upright private citize. t.36..ns #a ToM Firang e Agency, No. 163Broadway. —One of the leading house engaged. in the insur busaess In New'ork, is that of the firm oi Messe. L. Parsons & Son, wheoe oices ale convemy ted at No. 163 Broadway. This house was originally ftonded 1i J6 by te senior parter, and since itsinception has bflt up a libe'al and petmanent patrmgoe. Th W-act all kms of ILe, maine and in)and tnsune and thavg ab Aoluto eonl of the New Yoik Ousnef eaM Of the comDnaies they represent, tey are not ony e rbled to fler snper.r indleemeut, but to secu-e a n_'oniot and sure ad.Just I NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 233 N The Adams Protographic Copying Company, No. 48 Bond Street-The Adams Photographic Copying Company have be= doing business in New York during the past twelve years. They are located at No. 48 Bond street, and in the special goods in which they deal, they take a place of particular eminence. They do a very extensive trade through agents in the copying and enlarging of pictures. They also keep an assortment of agents' supplies and mnufaatu re for this trade a line of walnut, gilt and French veneer frames. Messrs. Saford, Adams & Co, publish'an extensive catalogue and price list which they will gladly mail to any persons wishing it. The goods in this eats logue all marked at manufacturers' prices, and persons living in country districts can order by mail from this house and save twenty-five per cent. Superior tnducements are offered to agents, and to them full particulars will be forwarded upon application. This house is represented in all the leading cities by fitclass agents, who have found this a successful field for convassers. They are a strictly honorable and reputable concern, and all persons having business connections with them will find satisfaction in every in stance. Orforal Copper and Sulphur Co., of Canada, Nos. 37 and 39 Wall Street.-There are comparatively few houses in the United States, despite the fact that it is the greatestore producing country in the world, which have attained any marked celebrity in the refining or smelt lug of ores. Much, even at this late day, of the product of our mines is shipped to Wales, where the great estab lishments of Swansea with their finished methods and great facilities are in a better position than the general run of similar establishments here to do justice to the consigner in the proper treatment of ores as well a*to make a handsome profit to themselves. At least one house in New York, however, has some right to place itself alon g side the great Swansea concerns. The Or ford Copper and Sulphur Company of Canada, whose works are at Constable Hook, N.J., has by the extent of its business and the satisfactory results of its process, gained a reputation which fitly places it on a par with any foreign establishment. There is no state in the Union which can claim to be rich in mineralsthat does not furnish to the Orford Copper and Smelting Company, some of its ores for treatment. From New Mexico, Arizona, Montana, California and Nevada copper and silver ores are reeived in immense quantities, and from Canada likewise an abundant supply is obtained. These are smelted and refined by experienced and capable workmen, and under the direction of a superintendent thoroughly conversant with every process and detail. While the works at Constable Hook, N.J., present the most perfect specimen of a well equipped and well conducted smelting and refining establishment, the office at Nos. 37 and 39 Wall street, has a most satisfaetory showing in regard to the business methods pursued. It is unuder the able management of Mr. R. M. Thomson. who devotes himself to the affairus of the company with the greatest zeal, and has brought it In great measutre toils present flourishing condition Th e president,Mr. Wm. E. C. Eustis, is agentleman of high stasdlig in business circles, while the treasurer, Mr. C. I. Atkinson, is admirable fitted for his responsible post. The company purchase matte, copper ores, bullion, &a., and make advances on all consignments. Their business is of extensive proportions, as a visit to their works at Constable Hook, N. J., will convince. Go H. ]Bxwton, Ac Job Printer, No. 85 Warren Sireet.-The improvement in the appliances and methods employed by the job printerof the present day has resulted in a greatly increased perfection in the results of the utilization of the art preservative, and from the common business card to the handsome color work seen on every side, artistic effect is the point aimed at. Among theleading job printers of the city is Mr. G. H. Burton, who established his enterprise about eight years ago, having been located in his present quarters now about four years He occupies a floor twenty-five by one hundred feet in dimensions, which is completely furnished with the most approved type, material, etc, besides five large presses, and a number of men are given constant employment. Mr. Bur;on is prepared to execute all kinds of composition and presswork, but makes a specialty of fine jobbing having every facility for the production of work of the most artistic and intricate character. He is a thoroughly practical and experienced man, and gives his entire attention to thebusines, taking especial care to give satisfaction to customers. He is well known to the trade, and is considered a leader in his line, whUe in general business circles there is no more popular gentleman. Work confided to his charge may be relied upon to be in every case turned out i the best manner and upon the most reasonable terms. M~r. Era'ten is Post Commander of of Mi{ddleton Post, No. 500, G. A. Rt., of Brooklyn, served with distinction ix~ the tth Vermont, leavingg theNto acee li1eutenants on $.acount of disability. George P. Baldwin, Book Binder, No. 8 eae Street.-There is no trade interest of t he metrope s which has made more rapid advancement during recet years th an that o f the book -binder, and success in that avocation is now depend ant upon the arti stic skill ad me c hani cal abilit y o f t hose eng aged in it to a greater extent ain th a n ever before. There is no mo or troughly competent, practical book-binder in this city than Mr. George P. Baldwin, the enterprising and energetic subcessor of Thomas Lane, of No. 8 Reade street. andhe has gathered around him a,orce of the most skillal operators in this line. The work which he executes, comprising every description of plain and fancy binding, cannot be surpassed, either for qualjty of material or workmanship, and those who once patronize his establishment become permanent customers. He makes a specialty of artistic and cloth binding, and in this line he has few equals and no superiors, and pays particular attention to the prompt delivery of orders. His bindery has facilities for turning out from 2500 to 3000 books daily. The premises consist of two large foors, and from fifty to eighty hands are employed, all of whom are skillful workmer. The busines of the house is extensive and its prosperity in the past promises to be continued in the future. Mr. Baldwin, as has been tnttmated, is a practical book-binder, and exercises close personal supervision over every detail. W. W. Fairchild, Fine Watches, ete, No. 59 Naau Street.-In reviewing the jewelry interests of New York, the name of Mr. W. W. Fairchild naturally takes a place in the list of leading dealers in fine watches, diamond, et. This gentleman has been located in his present qu for over eight year, and his 4lesroom has become the headquar,ers for certain lines of goods. Mr. Fairchtld is a direct importer of fine diamonds, of which he makes a specialty, and of which he cares a very fine assor mt. Hie also deals extensively in flue watches, and is an adept at repairing and adjusting the same. Hs prices are moderate and he guarantees all articles sold by him to be as represented, and by his uniformily correct methods in this respect has secured an enviable reputation in the trade and amongst the general purchasing publto. Personally, Mr. Fairchild is a highly popular gentleman and is regarded as one of our most skillful and experiencmd judges of dismonds. He received the appointmen of keeper of the post office time out ed a long list of competitors, i Is consiulted in many important m y cecte witk h profession. 234 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. -~ ~~E OKSLADN NUTIS 3 Mann,i Soule & Co., Contractors and Shippers of Anthracite and Bitumnious Coals, No. 19 Broadway.One of the most active, ente rprising and influential firm of contractors and shippers of coal, is that of Messrs. Ma nn, Soule and Co., whose o fficese a re so eligibly and centrally located at No. 19 Broadway. The present firm though formed only in August 1884, is compos ed of gentlemen who brin g the widest range of pr actical business experience to bear, and are re c ognized autho rities in the coal tra d e. Mr. N. P. Mann, the senior partner, is a native of Boston, Mass., and is a pe rmanent and respected reside nt of tha t city, lo ng identified with th e wholesale coal shipping trade o f the New Eng land States, and whose con n ections inc lude man y of the leading mills, corporations and other large consumers among his old and the firms' present customers. Mr. S. Souleis a descendant of one of the oldest and most influential New England families. The junior partner, Mr. Alvin F. Hill, is a native of New York City, and has developed the highest of reputations in the metropolis for his honorable methods and sterling integrity. He is very popular in the leading coal circles and commands a large annual trade in New York and vicinity. The firm of Mann, Soule & Co., has thus entered upon its sphere of operations under the most favorable auspices, the co-partners all being identified with the wholesale coal trade for periods varying from ten to fifteen years each, and are doing a very extensive business as contractors and shippers of all the choicest brands of anthracite and bituminous coals, numbering among their customers, leading dealers and large consumers throughout New York, Brooklyn and the New England States. Owens & Phllips, Insurance, No. 32 Liberty Street.-A popular and reliable insurance agency is that of Messrs. Owens & Phillips, whose offices are el igibly located at No. 32 Liberty street. The individual members of this co-partnership, Messrs. William W. Owens, Jr, and J. B. Phillips, are both natives of this city, have been actively identified with insurance af fairs for many years, and are considered as among the best informed and able underwriters of New York. In 1884 they began business under their present co partnership, and since its inception at that date, owing to their wide connections, have obtained an influential patronage from many of our wealthy mer chants and property owners. They transact all kinds of fire, life, marine and inland insurance, and are n ot onl y en abled to offer ve ry superior inducements, but in consequence ofpai the companies they repre sent, c an gu arantee a sure and prompt adjustment of all losses that may occur. Personally, Messrs. Owens & Phillips are widely known in commercial circles for their ability and probity, and the posi tion which they have invariably occupied in a di versified business, has been clearly indicative of an energy and liberality, that have been justly rewarded in the success achieved, and the high esteem with which they are everywhere regarded. Yorkville Storage Warehouse, for Furniture, Pianos, &c., N. W. Wood, Proprietor, Nos. 163 and 165 East 84th Street.-It will be of personal interest to our thousands of readers to learn the particulars of one of the cleanliest, most reliable and most reasonably priced storage warehouses in the city. We refer to that of which Mr. N. W. Wood is the esteemed proprietor, and which is known as the Yorkville. It is located most centrally and conveniently in that populous section of the city at Nos. 163 and 165 East 84th street, close to Third Avenue. The warehouse is a large four-story structure,50 feet by 70 in dimenslons,and only completed in 1883. It was specially constructed for storage purposes, and is one of the best fitted up and arranged of any that it has been our pleasure to examine. Mr. Wood, the popular proprietor, brings vast practical experience to bear, and an intimate knowledge of the requirements of the public, and he has embodied them all in this fine warehouse, which is not only new, but keptsin the most scrupulously clean condition, while rooms with fine private accommodationcan be obtained at most reasonable rates. Mr. Wood personally superintends the receipt and shipment of furniture &c., and is-prepared to promptly store furniture of all descriptions, pianos, trunks, carpets, and household effects generally. He employs his own vans and trucks, and is prepared to promptly attend to the removal and transfer of furniture &c., from one section to another, or to any of the neighboring suburbs at most reasonable rates. He likewise effects insurance on houses and furniture, while as a commissioner of deeds his services are in frequent request. Littell & Reavue, Manufacturers of Syringes and Metal Workers, Nos. 125 and 127 Worth Street.-The manufacture of syringes is an important industry in the metropolis, and among the leading establishments in this line is that of Messrs. Littell and Reeves, Nos. 125 and 127 Worth street. They have been established since Maarch 1884, and do quite an extensive business. Their factory which is located on the second floor, is equipped with all the most improved machinery and appliances, and a ffords every facility fo r manu facturing on a large scale. Both members of the firm are skilled mechanics, and expert clock turners. They employ only the best and most experienced workmen. A large portion of the business consists in casting into Brittania and white metal the moulds of private customers. This branch is growing rapidly and promises from the excellent quality of the work put out to become the principal part of the firm's trade. Mr. F. G. Littell and P. B. Reeves, who compose the firm, are energetic young business men. They are well known to the trade, and are rapidly building up an excellent reputation for the merit and artistic excellence of their work. Miss A. Wolfsbruck, Manufacturer of Infants' and Childrens' Wear, Misses' Dresses and Ladies' Skirts, No. 9 Lispenard Street.-The above named enterprising lady has been engaged in her present busines for about six years, and now has a very large trade in all parts of the United States. Her premises are commodious and well stocked, and she employs some ferty operatives. Over twenty machines are in constant operation upon the finergrades of work. There is no establishment in New York which produces a finer line of misses' dresses, ladies skirts, infants' and childrens' underwear, eta, than is turned outfrom Miss Wolfsbuck's work-room, and her facilities are such that she is enabled to fill the largest orders upon short notice, and upon the most reasonable terms. Miss Wolfsbuckis anative of this city, and is well known in its best business and social circles. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 235 Charles T. Hooper, Dealer in Fine Engravings, Paintings, Colored Photographs, &c., No. 779 Broadway, opposite Stewart's.-A leading establishment of its kind in New York is that of Mr. Charles T. Hooper, dealer in fine engravings, No. 779 Broadway, opposite Stewart's. The business was founded in 1857, and has during the long intervening period, had a permanently prosperous career in the sale of engravings, etchings, paintings, &c., and the manufacture of fine picture frames. Mr. S. F. Jackson, the manager, is a gentleman of rare good taste, of excellent judgment, and with an acquired knowledge of the merits of fine pictures and engravings, which renders him a recognized expert in our beat art circles. His establishment makes a magnificent exhibit, both as regards the value and beauty of the immense stock, and the trade is of a correspondingly superior character, among the very best classes of patrons in New York. 36 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Chas. R. Pr!ee, Insurance, No. S1 Pnlue Street business circles it is a notablle fact that the eang properRy owners and merchants thro the country find that it Is essential to plae thr tmur rance interests In the hand s of reLN a e bror s. Man y of the ish nt e brokerage agnes of the metropok H are extensive instio, and exer t a very important influence in the prosearty and a dvance ment of this gre a t centre. In netyon with these st atements, special attente on t s do to the well known and popular br okerage o e of Mr. aCn B. Pric e, w hich wasto founded in IuBtM an d s obd a permanent and l patrn. asaorit on insurance matters, Mr. -r0e p 0esmethe fullet confidence of th e commerl e omm, as well as of property owerrs with whom he has wdna realay ons. He p laces fro t ir et c, at the very lowest rates con sistent wit h security, and offe a ideents in this direction of a very s or character. The chter istics which reste the business polity of t his house are such an to entlUe it to universal consideraion, and the extent of it operations in all kinds of inuranB ce has made it a very prominent one in the city. All orders by manl or te l egraph are prompt ly illed, a nd it is Mr. Price's earnest desir, to merit by the strictest prtn ples of mercantile honor P continuance of the upport he has already enjoyed. Mr. Price is a nve of New York, and Is greatly respected for hiB honorable met ods of conducting business, and sterling integrity. F. E. Berter, Importer of Choice Sherries, Port, Madeiras, etc., Finest Olive Oil and Choice Tep~ No. 70 Pine Street.- the business of the Impor of foreign wines, bndies, teas, etc., the house of Xr. F. E. Berter, No. 70 Pine street, has achieved an enviable reputation. This business was established at the cor ner of William street, in 1808, by Mr. Gilbert Davis, G. O. I. and was continued by him tll 1877, when the pre sent proprietor succeeded. The letters G. a. I. ap pended to Mr. Davis' name, which mean Governor of Coney Island, were the rl te of a practical Joke (1835) fifty years ago, andlthis soubrlquet or brad. G. a. I,bas now been attached to the wines and teas of this reliable house. After being fifty years at No. 53 Wllam street, Mr. Berier removed in the near vieety of the old stand, to No.'0 Plne Pit. Incl in the ctock which was removed with care are some ra old MderM George IV Brown Sherry, Old Port, B l, ad oher Wines, Brsdi R Whes, aft., aim tre finest Lucca Olive Oil, and the well 1 and pce Englfh breakfst tea G. 0. I. brand. Mr. Boder Is a nathe of Long Island, and I Krenty respeeod for fh ability and integrity, and July merits the e attained by his energy and perseve. Es. H. Sch, Wholesoe and Retl Dml-er In White Leads, Colors, Valnm, ManreIs'.P ters and No. 23 Avenue A.-TM$ establs hded In ] god UN i bptior bi en averpr peo reer. r. Shwartz was born in Germany and has been in thb country twenty-oe yea. Hts is netly fitted up and on a full line c! IMts, o yarSh em brshes, colors, white lea materiah and pantars' suppliee of every deption, also chemicab and dye stuff. The stock t first class in qualty, and iS purchased direct from lmprers and produor, and, the prices whld are reasooably low willl come with any similr esalishment in the ity. MKr. Scllartz is well k own in budines and social cir,e and is esteemed }y tor his mn qualities. Hisccess may be to hiw alo attention and his hofforable manner ot t rnstig oevetl. Bexlnnng on a llmited eapital, his bens hass t etl grow to be. of greatproportimm, and he hs etbihed a trde seod to non i this seton of tho city. Androws & Clooney, proprietors Globe Iron and' Columbia Car Spring Works; Wheels, Springs and Rail road Castings, etc. Office: No. 545 West 33rd Street. Works and Foundry: Nos. 535 to 551 West 33rd Street and Neos. 588 to 562 West 34th Street —New York as a great eoentre of industrial enterprise is the seat of rep resentative concerns in nearly every staple branch of m man ~eure. Notably is this the acue in the lines of iron and stee In the branch of this industry devoted to car wheels, springs and rod aings generally, unquestionably the leading establishment in town is that of the "Globe Iron, and Columbia Oar Spritpg Works," of which Messr. Andrews & Clooney are the esteemed proprito. A sight of their extensive estab lishment in full operation will convince any one of theo large volume of business done therein, without making further enqu, but it will provff of interest to our thousands of readers all over the United States to give an accurate reriew of the rise and progress of this great concern, soertme alike tothe proprietors andAmer clean energy,ad sobenefelialto the communityat large. The works we started originally away back in 1857t by the well known old firm of Messrs. M. M. White & Co., who actively continued a proprietors, developing a large trade, up to 18. Upon theirretirement, Messrs. F. H. Andrewe and B. A. Clooney, formed the existing co-partnership, andsa proprietorshave infused renewed energy and enterpribe into every branch of the busi ness. Their works as we have before remarked are very extensive, being eligibly located, extending from No. 35 to 551 West 83rd street, and from No. 538 to 552 West 34th treet Here are erected a spacious three story factory building, with additional connecting and isolated streturs for moulding, blast furnaces, cast ing, rolling mill, forges, &o, which are throughout fully equipped with the latest improved machinery and ap pliances. At No. 45 West 83rd street 1 situated the firm's fourstory office building, and where the largest orders from railway companies and car builders receive prompt attention. Both Messrs. Andrews and Clooney give close personal attention to the various details of their Mlarge b ness. The firm manufacture elliptic, spiral, volute, car and engine sprinp, of every description, which have fully std the test of constant use on many of our leading rara; also ear wheels, axles, pedestals, brake shoes, boxes, brass bearings and ast ings of all p t, where great strength is o requred. Another orah of their m ufares oinc l. sweeper, snow plows, turn tables, trae work, atvw matec switches, &c, likewise gre rals and m g a ehinry. Ample evidence of the hi tdanrd of exellenem of these goods is afforded by the fact that the firm ppies them in large quantites to the following ralroad compani, viz: New York Central and Hudso n River l eDread; New York, West Shore and Buffalo Railroad 0; Baltimore and Obd i ad Com pany; P a anee Car Company; New York, Lake Erie and W ]ailroad C y; Lomg Island Railroad Company; the New York, New Haven and Hartf oalrad Company; &c, Ilike anl the horse car companies in the city; The Barney & Smith Car Manufacturing Company; &c. Their car and engine spr are built on the most approved practical models; all car tesfld and pronomed by sklled engineers to be the bW and safest yet produced. The firm abso build the snow plows in use on the line of the New York (enra and Hudson River Fallroad Compay, and produei hlarge quantitie al the irn wor usd in sret car trucks, suh as wheels, axls springs, pedetls, &~ also switches, tr table, levlers~ track eroosingt, &c, &e. Both M. ~nr and Mr. Oiooney are vey polmoar and respected in commercia ceire, noted for thetr honorable methods and sterlll integrity, and well merit th large Ineftm of _~~8 wth t hem attended their exertions. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 236 in the United 8tme at nearly twelve nllm tns; allowing al of tMh to be a _, and esti the oost to oo_-a- to be finT dors r ton, a ar araga, the b at wo uld a ral expenditure of thirty mio ayear. th e morerelable to of te com is o ty ix the Mutual Beft Ice 00, whe omees o at No 2 West d reet. This company wA aorpa in U and has been lo a aboe since May 188. The whol sale depoWs of the complny are located at the toot of Little W. 1th street, NrtlO Ber, foot of e4 Aeet, North River, foot of fl0ih m et, North Bver, and foot of Stanton stret, East Bv. A eeialty is mnade ot deep water ice and the annral ale of the corpmion are very large and exeve. otels, es, fmlies, butchers, fish dealers, tc, armo supplied with a good artle at moderate prioes and with prompt srce, shipg orders being promptly attended to. The trade is drawn from all parts of the ity, and thogh dtributed over so large a rritory, is ma pd with amost mechanical exactnm, bing controlld by the heads of the various departments at the principal oiMe, between which and the various delti ig deot thre i9 teW phonic eommunlcaton. The board of dr are A. o. a f Betn & aO.; MoGe,Pr sdnt Wes$ MM Bamk; John 0. Maw, ot e &e; Joihn Mld, e P of th Wed e lnk; t B. ke N. Y.;aasn, N.Y-, J.11, Barrytown, N. Y.; D. IL Bar, of R d, P Io.; Knee H, N. Y, ~d Xlio van Beonsoten, Ht F, N. Y. _ /_____...vl.,.M.,.-~..._ vw t.~- wv_ w~vm~a pr and manusobt by this hoe. In view of the gperal utlity andt wi de dlerpy attained by t2 stls them are worthy of somethn. beyond a mere p ga mento. The Fo r enchPoihnk is prere for the pong of all preious metals and plah we. It ts an exceeding ly fine powder, ntang hIn a r able d ogree the rich coloraiving prop so tial in polishing, aud will not smratch nor go beyond o t he oiled or tW nshed metal. It Is In great dem, while for famli es and hotels it Is an invaluable ar tlel. T h e ls clai med to be the only poltshing materal used in this country for household purposes that is endorsed by jewelers. Keyey's i tchenware Cleaner is a harmleh powder, containing no acids, and thus is perfect safe to l eave aboutwhere there are children. Its use for the cleaning of ktithenware is invaluable and it has eome to be considered an indispensable article of kitchen equipage, not containing the deleterious projperties of oxali cacid, heretofore used for kitchen cleaning purpa. The offie and commodious factory occupy a series of aparents fully ipped with all the latest applheo Wed in the ltne of produi, which inldes a WV list of arucles in the polishing line a full line of mtneral paints of rior excellenc. The cro department in a special eatre to wien muh caref rtle b i tve, s th the only mau I n th United 8. Bedes the house hu 1 works In where a g portlin of th&e n e turhng is done. Mr. R ep b bum hir whe but mty y s of am, and now at Mmscoe, he bs MU actvely and In -e y. In his ear days d here InUnon, when the plaoe wus eomp-tie obut of the city. Mr. Kews, _hot lcab sa ha paid me emletso the dollw, tsaby- bit I tn his prent e by his 8 Mr. John E. Ky, who ha mm ou wu hs trn the bm and thus aoqed an ezWeMi and a la experieno. w am a ll so, Nm, eltol te cornmr We.ofn the mmpi iw'oaam mwerns enM.ein the ac a the weetatd o w te is conduuted by Mr. pasmnen h Neg. I" to 150 Bwt Tutre at Bof M mm, and tbeG1 oWee sstekt ewhicg wa fane Popularr n _m, s8 of tgo bW eIn b e. Mr. th, I _ prc, b an ai sad v known Rw Yat ead mmum h a OKe by =~ co m --— &mm md Vn thS V _ 1W h1_, by th zmme _tgm lamm aea, _, roder to& r..: i1wtM the enterpris and splayed ta e. W. C. Garrison, P tpr, 8hiping CanMafaturing Oompany, Manufacture of Oil0Tnks and Oans, Fauce, Nere Ka, O Mmre', No. 75 W 8 A prom"nIt house - ta then e mman dtm e tin i that of Mr. W. C. Ga Nm. = Wiem stt, whh wag estalishedin 877, md ne its ton at that perlod i attained a s and tial patronage the oil, varnish and shipping trade. The premises oeu I NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. yearly, from the large manufactures of plugand fine cut tobacco to the handlers of special preparation of medicine. The list ranges through florists, bottlers, cheese manufacturers, handlers and manufacturers of yeast cakes, and many other trades. It is the special aim of this company to excel all competion in the qual ity and purity of its goods, finish of workmanship and artistic taste in the finer branches of decorative work. The Beckett & McDowell Manufacturing Com pany, Engineers, Iron Founders and Machinists, Man ufacturers of Steam Engines and Mining Machinery, No. 120 Liberty Street.-ince the discovery of the Com stock bonanza, which created a sudden demand for new and better mechanical appliances for pumping, hoist a deling and melting, our precious metal industry has as-sumed great pro minence, and in its r api d d evelop ment the call has been for inexpensive machinery, which would insure thorough increas ed s avings, larger returns. This hasotmulated inventions in a ll the pro cesses of re duction wi th highly factory results, a promine nt company which has produced these im proveme nt s being that of the Beckett & McDowell Man ufacturing Company, whose New Yo rk offices a re loca-l ted at No. Abn Libe rty street. The works are situated at Arlington, New Jersey, and have lately been en larged and equipped with the latest improved machin ery and appliances. The company manufactures all kinds of horizontal and vertical steam engines, plain and auto mauc outoff hoisting,'pumping, crushing and pulver izing machinery, the quality of the work being unsur passed, while the prices will be found as low as are consistent with good workmanship, material and design. All the machinery is finished according to the U. S. standard gauges, consequently the Beckett & Mc Dowell Manufacturing Company can duplicate any detail with accuracy and dispatch. The company was originally founded In 1879, and the following gentle men, well known for their great executive ability and integrity, are the offlcers, viz: President, W. O. Mc Dowell; Vice President, F. H. McDowell, E. M.; See retary and Treasurer, O. E. McDowell; Superintendent, S. A. Beckett, M. E. Mr. W. O. McDowell, who was an early graduate of the school of mines, has made a specialty of mechanics as applied to mining and metal ing. He can be consulted on all Hers pertaining to the treatment of ores at the New.Yorkofficesofthe company. Mr. S. A. Beckett, who, as superintendent of large iron worlk in Canada, San Francisco and the east, has devoted his life to mechanics, continues bhs personal supervision of the works at Arlington. George S. MVorluon Civil Engineer, No. 85 Wall Street.-Among those who by sheer force of merit and ability have become famous for the success with which they have invariably accomplished every undertaking, is Mr. Ge orge S. M, the well known civil engineer whose offices are conveniently lot at No. 85 Wall Street. It is now eighteen years since Mr. Morison, embarked upon that career in which he has made such an admirable record. During the above period he has warried to a isueful completion many important public works in this country, among others the Bismarck and the Plymouth bridges over the Missouri River, and the Blair bridge in Nebraska over the same river, also many others on the Northern Pacific. The above constructions demonstrate the skill that Mr. Morison possesses as a practical and experienced rall. way engineer, superintending as he has the operations of armies of laboring men and mechanics, and the ex penditure of millions of capital. M~r. Worldo is a Lnative of Massahusetts, and is posssed of great ability as regards the erection of bridges and other public works. He is held in the highest estima-e tion in profmmlonal ehmk or his eeemittYe Wkill and : telty Chas. Graham & Son* d and Builders, N-We0& and 37 East 43d Stree-Inthe various depart. m=ats of industrial enterpis which are carried on in Mr Yrk wil be found honorable and trustworthy b yM men, who have become well known by reason of'm ength of time they have b e en engaged in trade, amdte iberal manner in which they c onduc t it, one of a t h eo sn noted among them being th e popular house of M r Ohao Graham & Sons (John and Thomas), archi tets and builders, Nos. 305 and 307 East43d street. This buaness was origin ally founded in 1852 by the seniorIart ner, in West Houston street, and after some changes in location was eventually removed in 186B to its present eligible and central position, when Mr. John Graham w admitted into partnership. In 1869 Mr. Thomas Graham was received into the firm, which is knownun der the style and title of Chas. Graham & Sons. The profession of an architect requires years of study, and i n addition a practical education in active service, and thorough scientifte, mechanical training. In these par tUears M r. Thomas Graham has had great advantages, havingreceived a liberal education and training in the Mc s of on e of the most prominent New York archi feetd a ndhas training in every branch of architecture a nd buld ing having thoroughly learned the trade at thebench as well. The premises owned and occupied by the m a re very complete, and comprisean excellent fac tory, feet in dimensions, which is fitted up with all t h e la test woodworking machinery, etc., necessary for the b iness,operated by an engine of fty horse power, and g iving employment to a large number of skilled and experienced workmen. The house is fully prepared with all the necessary facilities to execute or carry out anyarchiteetural undertaking, not only promptly, but withthatintemllgentapprehension ofdesignwhichmakes its en sohighly appreciated. Messrs. Chas. Graham & Sons furnish plans and etimates for buildings of every description, and make contracts for all kinds of work i n their line of business. They have introduced a sys tem of publishing pamphlets descriptive of all their new improvements, giving plans, elevations, descrip tions and prices of all the new dwellings they buld for Bale. Messrs. 0, J.andT.Grahamare highlyrespected by the somm'lr thefir genality of disposition and t,t int ity,and their house is so managed and conded as twbe a credit to the commercial and building interests of the metropolis. iho Jobn J. root ke 0ompay, Tin Fdliand MetalUl Oaron, 186 Grand8treeThis establishment,s,a alginy founded by Mr. John J. Orooke, the origlnator of the manufactureof rolled foil in this country. The fndation of the business dates back some thirty Amin, ine which time ithas received countless additica and amplifications from the numerous inventions d improvements of Mr. Orookeandhis brothers. The manufcureof tin foil isan art ttself, andan art susceptible of the widest extension in the directionsof the quality of the work, and beauty of design and ornamentation. In theyear 1880, the present company was organed,whichhas continuedtocarry onthebusiness of manufact gfoilandmetal capsules with the skill,energy, and enterprise which characterized the individual management. The Company occupies as its factory a large five-4tory structure, Nos. 163 and 165 Mulberry street, in tMs c ity, and some four stories of the aingo building at No. 186 Grnwd strt where its offiess are. The plant includes two large engtn~s one in eaih building, and much perfected maierry for rolling, printinlg, and embossing foil, and making, stmping, and coloring measules for bottles. A branch ~atr is established at Chicago, for the more prompt and conveenist supply ofthoe trade in that vicinity. The uses of oft are much more exended then ht generally supected by person At~ with the bund ar~e baeasng e 138 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. N. Seitzs's Sons,BrooklynCity Brewery,Nos. 258 to 264 MaujerStreet, Brooklyn.-Mr. N. Seitz, the founder of this celebrated brewery, is a native of Bavaria. In 1843 he came to this city, and was for several years in the brewery house of F. & M. Schaefer, of New York,where he worked three years. Mr. Seltz subsequently started in business upon his own account in 13th street, New York, but soon removed thence to Brooklyn, owing to the necessitiles of his increasing business and the need for greater space, and established the nucleus of his present immense concern, which stands unsurpassed among the large breweries of the country. The intro duction of lager beer to Brooklyn is due to Mr. Seitz, who was the first to manufacture it there. In 1871 Mr. Seitz relegated the business to his sons and his son-in-law Mr. Bell, and finally this partnership was dissolved, and the brewery came under the sole control of the eldest son, Mr. M. Seitz. This latter gentleman, who is a native of New York City has shown himself to bein every way qualified for the discharge of the onerous duties which devolved upon him. The business has grown beyond his most sanguine expectations, until it has assumed its present vast proportions, and the constantly increasing demand for the products of the Brooklyn City Brewery taxes it resources to the utmost. Mr. M. Seitz devotes close attention toeverydetail, and neglects nothing that is essential to the maintenance of the high standard of his celebrated beer. To the trade and general purchasing public, Mr. Seitz extendsevery legitimate accommodation. Personally he is a gentleman, who, by integrity, liberality and genial companionable manners has commended himself to all ltes of the community. John. Craoer, CommissionMerchant, Nos. 78 and 80 Beach Street.-Mr. Cramer is a native of New Jersey and is one of our leading and most kighly esteemed merchants, having been actively engaged in business on his own account for the past thirty years. He originally established himself upon West street, but has been at his present location since 1871. Mr. Cramer deals extensively in flour, grain, feed, meal, bale hay, straw, etc., and enjoys a very large and lucrative trade, resulting from his established reputation for fairdealing and general business integrity. He carries a very large stock, and theexigencles of his trade require the employment of a large number of hands. Among his customers are several of our leading express companies and he ships extensively throughout the state, and has one of the largest local connections in the city. First class goods, reasonable charges and equitable methods have been the factors which have conduced to his success, and which have placed his establishment in the front rank of houses of its kind in this city. Mlr. Cramer gives especialattention to out-f-townorders. He is one of the oldest members of the New York Produce Exchange, and is famlarly and favorably known to that body. Jones & Goie, Fiire and Marine Indrane, Corn Exchange Bank Building, No. 13 William treet.-One of the prominent incuranee agents of New York, is MHessrs. Jones & Goffe, whose oiely are entrally located at thEe Corn Exchange Bank Building, N o. 13 WUflin street. This busvne was t ounded orygins ly in 1878 by Messrs. W. S. Jon es & Oo, and was continued by them till 188, when Mr. Goffe w admistted into partnership, the firm being known by the style and title of Jones & Goffe. They trans act all kinds aof fire, marine and inland insurances, and in consequence of their facilities and conn ections, are enabled to offer superior inducements to property owners, ship owners and m erchants. Both members of the firm h a ve had many years experience as underwriters. Their reference, as to ability and integrity, are of the highest chanlct, and include such w e lag a nd relia bl e names as e of Charles M. Fry, prsident, Bank of New Yoa, Franklin Edson, Fran Edan & 00., B. B French, formerly FrenSh i Travers, Martln R. Cook, Cook & Bethet. The individual members of this pn ership, Mewsrs. W. Strother Joem and R. H. Goffe, Br, are gentlemen widely knosn for their ability and upright Aba ter. Carl K]rmedelbach, Upholsterer and Decorator, No. 2322 4th Avenue.-The upholstery busnes is one of the important brasny of trade carried on in the city, and prominent among to repres"ntaive houses connected with it, X thoat Mr.-Carl Krmedebah, of NoM22 Fourth avena. Mr. Kraelbaeh is au od resident ot th city and has bad many eeerienoo in buts. He makes a oep atog, It. a also hog Cubs lambs, cr cmwis, m attress and a lg o inter decorations gener. ally. Mr. Kredach hW a wide spread reputaton, for the WUll and ingenWy he displays in his workmanship, and enjoys a large and UIprat ronage among all classes, by whom he is respted and esteemed as an honorable businessman and cltizen In the aious relations of life. P. Moore, Lumber Inspector, &ea, Nos. M to 612 West 24th Street-Mr. Patrick Moore has been eablished in busff fior the last twelve years, and from his long p een e in the'aber trade in the important department of inspes oon, is recognized a s authority on all matters perta in ing to it. In addion to ye peoon Mr. Moor is provided with a number of to for the transfer of lumber and timber and Is abo pr y of the storage Ed Nos. 606 to 612 West 2f t, where ample falnties are posseed wifth a the neecetSqyab for the s,caga of Mme is; knd of lumber. I.Moore is an attre and V. i,In g gentleman and merit the highest degree of e ant'a d by the trade generly, and hua for hpar the leum lmber merchants of the Dot. He is a Ho of Caunectieut and has been a resident of the city lIr a great many years. 239 H. B. H Bituminous, Gas and Anthraefte Coals and Coke; General Office: Nos. 31 and 33 BroadwayThe enormous growth of the coal trade of the United States Is hardly less wonderful than the progress made in mechanical industry. l[n 1825 less than two thousand tons of eW were mined in Pennsylvania, but in the year UK the quantity raised from the mines in that state amounted to about forty million tons. In New York, the ml trade is ably represented by a nu7pber of responsible houses, and among them that of Mr. H. E. Hart, whose general ofeice is located at Nos. 31 and 33 Broadway, occupies a prominent position. In 1879 Mr. Hart established this business, and since that date has built up an extensive wholesale trade, and his enterprise has had a vidble e:ffect in ftwg the price of coal, by 8lating an active and honorable competition. He fllls orders promptly In cargo lots, shipments being made direct from the mines to consumers, without paying tribute or commission to any intermediate p"es. The shipping wharves of this reliable house are located at Hoboken, N. J., South Amboy, N. J., Greenwich Point, Philadelphia, Canton, ]Piers, Baltimore. Mr. largely in all kinds of bi ous, gas and anthracite coals and coke, and in consequence of his nsive connections is enabled to conduct all operations under the most favorable auspices, and Is always desirous of giving his customers every possible advantage. Mr. Hart Is a native of New Jersey, and is greatly respected by the community for his integrity and ability, and justly merits the,- success attained by his enterprise and energy. to fully meet the requirements of his large trad, and occupies a most central and ellgibly located store at No., 347 Fourth avenue. Mr. Wood has been a life long r ident of this lty, and Is generally popular and re ted as an honorable tradesman and uprght private citizn. Montrose W. lorris, Arehltect, No. 45 ExchaW Place.-The metropolis contains no more important profession than that of the arhitect, and it Is a matter of the greatest interest to deribe the repenta firms which are engaged in this beneflht and hono ble calling. In connection with these r ks the attention of our reaers is dbrted to the b and popular house of Mr. Mmon W. Morris, whe ofc and draughting rooms are convntly and centrally located at No. 5 Exchange Paa. Yr. though established In bainess on his own acomt only sice 1881, has alry d the vy hiest etlon for the beauty of dn, relbi and ~On ce of his plas. Mr. Morris who studled eight yew with 0harles W. 0lnton, the archite of the Mutul ILfe Iuranee Bmiding, whose an t he w, hes latterly erected a spld n for Mr. V ~. Mon on Brook yHh a number of l cottages at Dsp ad Gre Meek. He is A ent building y haomms at 8 D1 and making pla= for large a mt h r the Park Brookl, to ot $ O,O and to be ~ the Park, Apartent Houe. MIr. J J a nete of New York, and IJ hil estaPmeA J. Va Ne 8, Ganero" 9r ad 1 rance Broker, No. 59 and61 lber 8, N. Y.Among the insurane age tlat Io a lg _.........,.,,_1 — L —q —,_, l. * _ 1k..11 -.. — I — L.. tao; all th Um used by the firm are manufao tured on the pises, and the business in its several departnents gives employment to from 150 to 20 people. Mess. Bogert & Bro, have erected many elegant atrem in ti eity, among which may be mentioned the Btewart mansion, Park & Tilford building, the church of the Epiphany, and are at present putting up the andard Oil Oompany's building, No. 28 Broadway, all of which stand as monuments of their great skill and exoellent workmanship. The Messrs. Bogert have long since acquired a hwh repa in their business, and enjoy the esteem of commerciael circles throghout the cy. Mr. A. G. Bogrt was for fifteen years a dee of the Greenwich Bank, and both brothers are memberso othe Mehanes'Exchange,and foryars have been prominetly ooanected with the Northern Dis pensary of this city. The caer C the firm is one of progrela, by an cqwwi vhnte th,their efforts havingbeea ownd by an eminent and well marted loseu - a, ro of Pretow and Dtation Stoes, No. 6t Na mtreet. e large proprotons to whioh the impo of prei and iton stones has attained is a northy atre in the commereial grwth of New York Otty. Amongthe moreprominent firms gged in this branch of trade is that of Hahn &o N 64NassN t, hag a bWmh houe at i6 i House street in Providence, R. Iq and , Germay, w for over rten yers hasbeen b ly e ngaged in the importatio of onyx, pearls, uoi I a, diamonds, topaz, rubies, sapphires, bI_ n,, de, besides every description of do tuis procuable in the mrketsoftheworld. T m is well knbwn the mopean mrkets,wher e it hase mot prmninent and lnfluntial connections and i X eD bd to prow e stones at p'hces which render it poble to brns and inducements d of du by b ootemporaries. The manufetmring trade:s mng the het plhere ftn M I m& O&., to wio trade they e well and f bly kn wn by of the ImnI~~ finequaltty r ofai d ec f8t and beral ethod whh tey per. o-The c tefb of t ia emo are t and IDiio in tig mrs, & the far asked and - te exended to purchasers. ~emen gthe firm a re lyrew nsi bmies ren, whose repan fo r itngn ri ty, g reait and boi ons erutlsm Is theitr best ond nt to the general purehaslnp ubHc. ofMr. J.Van Ness Smith. Thb hoewas foun btty years ago by Mr. Smtm, who ha* speitegrenti art of his lie i th mportant l our a aes interests. His offices are eligibly a _nd at No. 59 Iiberty street, and in m mdst of the fire insuranoe diob. Mr.- p tly effects insurance on mildn m _ p h, etc., aganst loss or damage by fire, mo tnoe t favorableterms. Those whogivethetr e-nmo toMr J. Van Ness Smith may be certain of ret neo roly prompt and liberal treatment and attention, b sch marked advant age aJno t be dapy elm. where In the metropoli. Personal, Mr. Smth s a native of New York, and has made ht of in consequence of hts and atuy, md has won by honest industry the position he now s. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. via Pennsylvania, N.J. Central, Bound Brook or Erie Railroads, or by steamer fiom IEurope, by taking elevated a, reach the Grand Union Hotel in ten minutes at an expense of 10 cents and save $3 carriage hire. Try the Grand Union. Grand Union Hotel, Opposite Grand Central Depot, W. D. Garrison, Manager.-In the number and excellence of its hotels New York is probably second to no city in the world. All conditions and necessities of life ean be accommdate d. One of the finest and probably the most popular with the traveling public is the Grand Union, which is opposite the Grand Central Depot. In its construction over gt$1,000,000 was expended, and it is provided with all tle modern improvements for convenience and safety hat science and ingenuity can deve. It Is fuhed throughout in the most luxurious manner, d Its sx hundred cosy rooms are unequaled for comforts and elegance. The cuiine is under the direction of a celebrated e, and the edibles fushed are t very best New York can produce. The cafe and He rooms are suppiled with the choicest, and moderate pries pretal. There are richly Anished suites for mlies, and elegantly arranged rooms for dinner parties; toilet and baggage rooms for ladi e and gentl emen where coats, valises and parcels may be left free spacious pators and reception rooms, smoking and reading rooms, and in fact a place for everything. An idealo the G r and lTnion's popularity may be gleaned fr om the fat th at from seven to fourteen pages of the hotel register are filled daily with the names of transient Hueos alone, while during the past year over one hundred and ten thousd persons slept under its roof. Akn army of two hundred and sixty-seven servants are here employed. Mr. William D. Garrison, the manager,is a thorough hotelman, as is evinced by the Davls #hlark & Co., Import of Wines, Brandies, Gin, &e, &e, No. 15 Dey Street.-Prominent among the old established and representative houses in the wine and liquor trde Ls that of Messrs. Davis, Clark & Co., importers of wines, brand, g &c., who occupy the spacious prerises, No. 15 Dey street. This business was established forty years ago by M]r. Wiliam H. Davis. The frm are he importersof wines and spirits firom bFrance, Holland, and other ropean centres They ealso adie domestic liquors In large quantities. Their r ade extends ar ove a. Mr.W. H. D av is, the senior member of the fit, was bom vin Montgomer Co., New York,s abott spxot years ago. He began his commercial care er why a, and is In every rem,peet a self-made man.s partner, Er. HeFy Clark, is a gen.tleman in the prime of life and has been identified with this house for twenty-five years. Mr. John P. Davis, the junior member of the firm is a popular, young business man. By honorable and liberal methods the house has always mantained an Influential position in the trade. The individual members of the firm are men of integrity and enterprise, well qualified to sustain their social { and commercial status. Charles Gudet's Granite Works, Contractor for Furnishing Rough and Hammered Granite; Quarries, Lanesville and Pigeon Cove, Cape Ann, Mass.; Offices: Pigeon Cove, Mass, and No. 237 Broadway, New York.No better illustration of the facilities of the granite trade, can be had than by reference to the house of Mr. Charles Guldet whose New York offices are located at No. 237 Broadway. This business is perhaps one of the oldest of the kind in the metropolis, and was originally founded in 1854. It was carried on under the title of the "Bay State Granite Company" till 1876, when Mr. Guidet who was a large stockholder in the company became sole proprietor. The quarries, which are very extensive are siated at Lanesville and Pigeon Cove, Cape Ann, Mass., and are equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances. Allkinds of rough and hammered granite and paving b locks of all des criptions are turned out. Mr. Guidet contracts for all kinds of pavi n g, a nd pavee Broal y from the Battery to 14th street, and has likewise executed some very extensive works both in New York and Brooklyn. All contracts are performed umder the personal supervision of Mr. Gidder, who prepares all kinds of granite work for exterior and interior fittings of buildings,also sinebases and corners, etc. Mr. Guidet Is a native of Ne w Yor k, and an esteemed member of the New York Mechanics and Traders' Exchange and likewise of the Boston branch of the same institution. Wm. Hamilton, Agent for the Venetian Blind Com. pany, of Burlington,Vt.,No. 242 Canal Street.-An enterprise that is meeting with great success is that of the Venetian Blind Company of Burlington, Vt., whose New York representative is Ml-. William Hamilton No. 242 (Canal street. This company was organized nearly two years ago for the purpose of manufacturing new and improved English and American Venetian Blinds also Hill's Patent Sliding Inside Blinds. These are the most improved articles in the market, and are beingincluded in the plans of all leading builders. They are decid. edly superior to any other blinds, are much more con venient and economical. lMlr. Hamilton, the agent for the above, is an energetic, pushing, young business man. He is a native of lowa. and has been for a number of years engagedin this line. wonderful growth in the business and improvement of thehouse since he assumed control. Mr. Garrison's experience, urbanity, kindness and business ability are well established. Slowly from one part of the houseto the other, his sharp and practised eye takes in at a glance anything that may be going wrong, as well as the good deeds of his army of two hundredand fifty servants, together with the assistance of Mr. Simon Ford, whose respect he commands, and consequently has their c-operatian. The house was fist opened in 1862 by Mr. James E. Shaw, who is a native of New York city, and has been identified with the growth and development of the real estate business, in which he retains an active interest to-day. He is a self-made man, and owes his phenominal success in life to his own push, pluck and ability. He is still the owner of the house, and his popularity commends the Grand Union to his countless friends. Mr. W. E. Mason, the head clerk, has been connected with the house for over ten years. Taken altogether, the Grand Union is one of the best appointed and most comfortable and homelike hotels on the American continent. Passengers arriving in the city of New York via Grand Central depot, sa ve $3 c arriage hire and transfer of bag gage by stopping at the Grand Union Hotel, opposite said depot. 'Passengers arriving by West Shore Railroad via Weehawken M,y, by taking the 42d street horse rs at ferry entrance, reach Grand Union Hotel in ten minutes for five cents, and save $3 carriage hire. Passengers 241 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. . Pate & Robb, Fire and Marine Insurance, No. 79 Cedar Street.-Many of the insurance agencies of New York are very extensive institutions, and exert an important influence in the prosperity and advancement of this great city. Standing among the foremost is the well-known and popular house of Messrs. Pate & Robb, whose NewYork offices are conveniently located at No.79 Cedar street. This business was established in 1873, by the present proprietors, who have since that period enjoyed a liberal patronage from many of our wealthy merchants, shippers and property owners. Those contemplating insuring their property would do well to visit Messrs. Pate & Robb, and become acquainted with the numerous advantages they have to offer. They tra nsact all kinds of fire, marine and inland insurance, and are able -to offer superior inducements to patrons. Both members of the firm have had many years experience as underwriters, and their knowledge and judgment as to these matters are such as to make them a very acceptable house to place one's property with. Messrs. Wiliam C. Pate and Alexander Robb a,'e gentlemnen of integrity and business enterprise, wilo are widely known as conducting the insurance business upon the strictest principles of mercantile honor and liberality. R. A. C. Smith, Railway Supplies, No. 69 Wall Street. -It would be extremely difficult to name a branch of business of more importance in America at the present day, than that of the furnishing of railway supplies, while the qualifications necessary for carrying on the business successfully are of such an exacting character that we find comparatively few houses devoted to this branch of trade. Prominent among those who have built up the highest of reputations, and the best of con nections in this line, is Mr. R.A. C. Smith, of No. 69 Wall street. Mr. Smith is a native of this city, who has from his first entry upon commercial pursuits been closely identified with railway construction and equipment, and he has thus possessed unsurpassed facilities for acquir ing an intimate, practical knowledge of their special requirements. About eight years ago he established his present business, and has during the intervening period, developed it to proportions of great magnitude. He was located at No. 76 Wall street for several years, removing thence to his present eligible premises at No. 69, where he is prepared to receive and promptly fll e the largest orders for railway supplies of everydescrip tion, including steel and iron rails, chairs, bolts, spikes, &c., locomotives and rolling stock generally, and what ever appertains to the outfit of a first-class thoroughly equipped railroad. Mr. Smith has greatly aided the carrying through of many important enterprises in this line, and was largely interested in building the Eastern railroad of Cuba; also, li the construction of other roads in Cuba, and various other West Indian Islands, &c. Personally, Mr. Smith is generally respected throughout mercantile circles; his activity and enterprise need not be recounted here, since his merits are so fully recognized in the business community. Emlen T. LitteUd Architect, No. 48 Exchange Place.-The tastes and habits of a people may be sometimes accurately inferred from the style of architecture prevalept among them. The spirit which held our designers in Grecian and Roman bonds is rapidly giving way before the ambitious efforts of our energetic architects, and a system has grown up in the United States, not referable to any particular style, but a combination of many which may be described as distinctively /merican. Prominently engaged in this profession, is Mr. Emlen T. Littell whose offices and draughting rooms are centrally and conveniently located at No. 48 Exchange Place. He first commenced the practice of his profession more than 25 years ago, and since then the proofs of Mr. Littell's skill and capacity are so numerous, and embodied in so many edifices he has erected in all parts of the city and country, that we can allude to but few of them in the limits of this article. He built the following, viz: Church of Incarnation, N. Y.; St. James Church, Philadelphia; St. James Church, Ogdensburg, N.Y.; St. John's, Candia, N.Y.; Zion Church, Elmira, N. Y.; Trinity Church, Tower, N. H.; St. Paul's Church, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; St. John's Church, Hagerstown, Md.; Bishop Bowman's Memorial, Titusville, Pa., and the Battle Field Monument, of New Jersey; St. Timothy's Chulrch, Roxboro, and many other churches, public buildings and mansions all over the country. He devotes all his energies and ability to his favorite profession, and conscientiously discharges his duties to all favoring him with commissions. Mr. Littell employs a full force of talented draughtsmen, and his plans are always accurate and complete in every detail, while his estimates and calculations are based on the most practical and comprehensive knowledge of quantities and values. Mr. Littell is a native of Philadelphia, an esteemed member of the American Institute of Architects, and is greatly respected by the community for his integrity andartistic skill. No more honorable, reliable and successful architect can be found Davies, Turner & Co., American Foreign and European Express, No. 34 Broadway. —Taking advantage of our unequaled facilities of communication by land and water, Messrs. Davies, Turner & Co., American-Foreigsa and European Express, No. 34 Broadway, afford unsurpassed advantages to shippers of freight of every kind, in being able to forward goods over a number of roads without the trouble and labor of obtaining a separate bill of lading from each concern. Messrs. Davies, Turner & Co. assume the entire responsibility for the safe deliv6ry and keeping of all merchandise entrusted to them. They transact an extensive European and foreign express business, and have established the C. O. D. system everywhere abroad. This establishment was founded in 1873, and since its inception has obtained a liberal and permanent patronage. The individual members of this active firm are Messrs. Alfred Davies,, Herbert F. Davies, Richard John Foster and Adolph E. Racer, who have already achieved great success in this field of usefulness. This company is cheerfully commended to the public and our readers as one that will safely and faithfully serve their interests and give universal satisfaction. Wm. H. Bartholomew & Bro., Printers, No. 22 College Place, New York.-In reviewing the various industries that tend to make New York the most important city in the United States, it is curious as well as instructive to note the advance that has been made in the various enterprises, and to ascertain the progress that has been made by ability and capital. The growth of the printing interests may be said to have attained celebrity, both in number of establishments as well as in the quality of the work produced. A prominent house in this trade is that of Messrs. Wm. H. Bartholomew & Bro., No. 22 College Place, which was founded by them in 1878. The offices are well located, fitted and furnished with all the latest improved machinery, presses, types and printing materials of all kinds. Every description of work is executed in the best styls of the art, at the lowest prices consistent with equitable business, all orders by mail or telegraph being promptly attended to. The individual members of this energetic firm are Messrs. Wm. H. and Charles E. Bartholomew, both of whom are practical printers, and young gentlemen who have gained excellent reputations for their ability and integrity. The future proSpects of the firm are of the most promising character, and the success attained is only the just reward qf tte, proprietors' enterprise and perseverance. 242 -~~E YOKSLAIGINUTIS 4 William Katz, Manufacturer and Importer of Buttons, No. 21 Lispenard Street.-Among the leading houses in this special line is that of Mr. William Katz, whose premises consist of two commodious and cornpletely appointed floors, at No. 21 Lispenard street. Mr. Katz has been engaged in the importation and manufacture of buttons for some six years and his trade has become co-extensive with the United States. He employs a large force of operatives and his annual production has attained large proportions, his goods beipg in large demand by the trade. He is a direct irnporter from France, Germany and England, and controls several special makes, his house being headquarters for certain lines. Mr. Katz is also an extensive manufacturer of boys' shirt waists, of fine quality and superior make, and in both lines of goods he carries a very la rge stock. Mr. Katz is a native of Germany, having come to this city some fifteen years ago. He is an energetic and enterprising gentleman, and stands in the front rank of reliable and substantial business men, besides 'being one of our most public spiritd and highly esteemed citizen. Josephine D. Smith, Successor to the late Willard H. Smith, Manufacturer of RailroadCentre Lamps and Reflectors, a od all kin d s of Ship and Marine Lamps,Nos. M8, 350 and 352 Pearl Street.-Among the vaxious industries of the metropolls,thereare few which have made greater progress or attained such a degree of perfection as the manufacture of railroad lamps,reflectors and other lluminating apparatus. A representative house engaged in this line and one that has always maintained an excellent reputation for the superiority of its products is that of JosepMne D. Smith, successor to the late Willard H. Smith. This is one of the pioneer establishments of the trade, having been founded forty-three years ago by WillardHE. Smith, on the sitte of Lord and Taylor's Grand i~~/ ~~~~~~~~~~~ij;~ j,;~~~~~~~~~~~~~;;~~~~~~~~<~~~/' esteemed citizens.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ WilUamaD. Byron, Diamond Jeweler, Order Work a Specialty, No. 907 Broadway. —Prominent among our old established and most skilful and well-known manufacturing jewelers is Mr. William D. Byron. He has been actively connected with the trade for many years past and first started in New York City some twenty years ago. He has been situated in his present central quarters since 1883, and makes a specialty of the mounting of diamond jewelry, order work also being a specialty. He also deals in watches and does a large business in repairing. He has had ample experience in this important branch of the trade, and has a high reputation for the reliable quality of all work manufactured by him. Mr. Byron also gives personal attention to the resetting of diamonds on the premises, and has built up a first-rate patronage thoroughout the best classes of the trade. Mr. Byron is a native of Boston, and a gentleman of superior abilities, whose skill and talents make him a valued member of the jewelry trade of this city. street store, and was successfully conducted by him until his death a few years since. His death was deeply regretted by a large and influential circle of frlends. The house he founded so well, was destined however to live, and since his demise the business has been conducted by his widow Josephine D. Smith, who is ably assisted by her son, Mr. Charles G. Smith, a young man of intelligence and energy, and Mr. Louis Fischer who has been in the employ of this house over thirty years. The factory occupies the entire five-story brick building, Nos. 348 to 352Pearl street, extending through to Cherry street. It is equipped throughout with the most improved modern machinery and appliances and has every facility for executing the largest orders in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. Railroad car lamps, and reflectors and ship and marine lamps of all kinds are manufactured. They are unexrelled fEr beauty and originality of design-, superiority of workmanship and finish, and are in universal use throughout the United States, Canada and Europe on all the leakdg steam and street-car roads. The lamps made at this establishment embody all the improvements that inventive genius and mechanical skill can devise, a special and most important feature in their construction being an arrangement by which they will not blow out in the strongest draught, while they are fitted with a ventilating attachment, which carries off all that unpleasant order which invariably pervades passenger cars due to the combust ion of the oil and respiration of the passengers. With increased facilities in the way of new ma chinery and enlarged premises, Mrs. Smith is enabled to offer special inducements, and purchasing agents of railroads would do well to open up a correspondence with her. The standard reputation of the goods manufactured and the honorable, liberal and upright method in which the business of the house is conducted, are guarantees sufficiently obvious why the trade would do well to place their orders with this old established and representative house. J. H. Drew & Bro., House Movers, Office and Yard, Nos. 428 and 430 West 14th Street, between 9th and 10th Avenues.-Having perceived the opportunity offered for men of experience in the business of house moving. M[essrs. Goodwin & Drew, having mastered the art, arrangeda systematic method, and in 1856 established themselves as house movers in 25th street. The coustant changing of location in the succeeding years gave them plenty of business, and they were soon assured of the success of the undertaking. About the year 1lS77 Mr. Goodwin retired from the business and Mr. 0. H. Drew was admitted to partnership under the firm title as above. With the forming of the new firm the business was removed to its present location at Nos. 428 and 430 West 14th street. A large portion of the business now consists of raising roofs for additional stories, also shoving buildings during the construction of the new adjoining building, so as to get the foundations on a level. Also in the securing bad foundations, and weak buildings. The office, storage sheds andyard occupy an area of 50x100 feet. The apparatus has been greatly improved since the establishment of the busihess. Mr. J.H.Drew, the senior member of the firm, has a business experience of thirty twoyears and is well-known and highly respected in commercial circles. The junior partner, Mr. O.H.Drew, has also a large practical experience in the business, and like his brother enjoys the highest esteem of all with whom he is brought in co.n tact. Both gentlemen are members of the general soe:ity of Mechanics' and Tradesmen also of the Mechanics' and Traders' Exchange. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 243 DING INDU Johnson!V~anuf Company, Duncan Buil Pine Street.-TThe rapid st ventive genius and mece provement are well illustr F. G. Johnson's Dredge Buc and Excavator. The John facturing Company, the s of all the patents for this i the United States, Canad rope, has developed a trade of an ever-increasin The company was duly ir in 1881, with the followi President, Dr. F. G. Johl President and Treasurer, Hayward; Manager and Mr. John H. Hayward. Th bucket is specially suited t riety of dredging, placer m ing pipes for bridges and cavating new ground for canals, cellars, etc., to the phosphates a n d the handling with the utmost facility such staple articles as coal, coke, dirt, sand, gravel, mud, -m-uck, ballast, city refuse, broken stone, ores, mud in sewer traps, salt, saw dust, tan bark, m a n u r e, h guano, etc. The Johnson bucket is!a constructed upon an ingenious sys- tem, utilizing the forces of the great mechanical law, so that it is capable of excavating, handling, hoisting, and dumping everything that is penetrab of power and time. It has hand, its pointed blades pe the claws of an eagle, and yards at a time. This stat not more than convey an a inventio n, which is not on river dredger, but also the the world has ever known vast amount of heavy wor been accomplished by me spade or shovel. This buc in proportion to the work a or excavator heretofore kn of steel, it combines streng are pointed, tapering and t] globe coming to a point > they are closed, they will The blades enter the mater close into the form of a hue may be narrow, the mate them, as they simply pas closing under and around i] up what they have encompn on an ordinary "_Ak" frame Dr. F. G. Johnson's Dredge Bue died by it in an equally prompt and economical manner. All who require the services of a dredger or bucket for the purposes hertofore described should write to the secretary, No. 11 Pine street, for the company's beautifully printed and handsomely-illustrated explanatory book. laeFadden & Reed, Importers of Polished Plate and French Window Glass, etc., No. 65 Warren Street, corner of College Place.-A prominent house engaged in the importation of foreign glass is that of Messrs. McFadden & Reed, No. 65 Warren street, corner of College Place, which was established in 1850 by Mr. Edward P. Dickie, who continued it till 1874, when the present proprietors succeeded to the business. The premises occupied are very spacious and convenient, and are fully stocked with a valuable assortment of polished plate and French window glass, extra large sizes of which in double thickness are imported expressly for store fronts. They also keep always on hand ground, cut, colored, enamelled and embossed glass, also cathedral, stained and decorated, which has gained an excellent reputation for its beauty and quality. Messrs. McFadden & Reed deal likewise ill rough plate and ribbed glass, glaziers' diamond points, putty, etc., which are offered to the trade at the lowest market prices. 214 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Manager, S. Y. L'Hommedieu. To better accommodate their customers they have established a branch house at No. 118 Chambers street, this city, where they carry a full line of goods, which are unsurpassed for quality and excellence by any other contemporary house in this country. All orders are promptly filled, and it is the constant: aim of the company to merit by the strictest principles of mercantile integrity a continuance of the support it has already enjoyed. The standing of the Star Rubber Company in the commercial world is too high to require any comments at our hands, and both as regard business ability and true American enterprise, it justly merits the high reputation to which it has permanently attained. Albert Herzig & Son, Importers and Manufacturers of Seal Garments, Fine Furs and Trimmings, No. 650 Broadway.-The manufacture of seal-skin sacques, dolmans and other fur robes has,made considerable progress among the industries of New York, and one of the most prominent houses in this trade is that of Messrs. Albert Herzig & Son, No. 650 Broadway. This business was founded in 1854 by Mr. A. Herzig at No. 201 Broadway, and eventually, after several changes, was removed in 1883 to its present eligible location in consequence of a rapidly increasing trade. Messrs. A. Herzig & Son habve also a branch house at Nos. 122 and 124 Market street, Chicago, and these establishments since their inception have always been patronized by the best classes of society and supply the finest and most fashionable furs and seal-skins worn in the metropolis or elsewhere. The premises occupied are very commodious and attractive and are fully stocked with the most valuable and handsome furs and skins to be found in this country or Europe. In fact a visit to this establishment replete as it is with the rich furs of all kinds of animals that have been called upon to pay tribute to man's desires, is one that will be long remembered with the greatest satisfaction. The materials used by Messrs. A. Herzig & Son are of the very best quality for the manufacture of their garments, having been dressed and dyed in the factory of the house, with the sole exception of seal-skins, of which only the best Alaska skins of the best English dye are utilized. All garments are made under the personal supervision of the proprietors, which fact insures that only the best articles shall emanate from this reliable house. The advantages of purchasing seal-skins, fur robes, etc., from a bona fide manufacturer are of the greatest value, not the least of which is that a perfectly-fitting garment is obtained, which is impossible under other conditions. The skins handled by this firm are always procured direct from first hands, and these handsome goods are offered at pi-ces that will compete in every respect with any contemporary firm. During the busy season about three hundred operatives are employed in the factory, and in consequence of the unsurpassed character and elegance of the fur garments made by this popular house the trade is annually increasing. The indiidual members of this co-partnership are 5Iessrs. Albert and Gustave Herzig. They are both members ofl Mount Sinai Hospital, MIontefiore Home, Jewish Orphan Asylum, Children's Aid Society, and many other charitable institutions, and are greatly respected for their generosity and philanthropy. Thomas G. Hogere Ma nu factu rer of Paints for Hom e, Court, Car and F resco Painting, Bronze Liquid, Laskers, Shellacs, Wood Fil ling, Woo d Stains, and Dealer in all articles required for the various branch es of Painting, Artistic and Architectural Work.-mMr. Hoger began business twenty years ago, and his busin es s, by the excellence of his goods an d honor able meth ods, has attained creditable proportions. His factory is eligibly located at Nos. 445 and 447 West 42d stre et, and is fully fitted up a s regards milling and manufactu ring appliances, while h e employs none but skilled workmen in the various processes. He produces choice lines of yellow ochres, venetian reds, brick red, metallic paints and blacks in great variety. Another most important spec ialty is his patent reliable wood-filler for filling up the pores in wood level with the solid parts, forming a hard smooth surface. It has come into general use owing to its superior qualities resembling the wood, and the particles which fill the pores are thus not visible. This is the only composition which preserves the natural color of the wood, while it fully meets every other requirement, costing less, water not affecting it, while it will not shrink or change color. It is universally recognized to be the best wood-filler in the market, and is manufactured in nine different kinds respectively for oak and other light woods, for mixed woods, in a transparent state, for light walnut, dark walnut, light or dark mahogany, rosewood, black ebony and for carriages. Mr. Hoger was awarded by the American Institute of New York the first premiums at their fairs, held in 1861, 1867, 1870,1871, 1876, 1877 and 1878, for specimens of his workmanship and wood-filling, and the public are invited to call at Mir. Hoger's large store, at No. 936 Third Avenue, and see for themselves the beauty of surface and perfection of finish attainable by using his patent filler. The Star Rubber Company, Mills and Office, Trenton, N. J.; Warehouses, No. 118 Chambers Street. — The use of caoutchouc, or India-rubber, in its ap plicability to the various purposes for which it has been adopted, is an industry whose inception is of a compara tively recent date. During the past decade important discoveries have been made and applied to its manufact ure, and thus a wide field has been opened to the indus trial interests of the world. In this connection attention is directed to the Star Rubber Company, originally the iIeade Rubber Company, which was organized in 1865, and has therefore been in operation about twenty years. Beginning in a modest way, when the rubber business was in itsinnfancy, the trade of the comp any has con stantly increased, which has caused the enlarging of its factory until it is now one of the best-equipped mills * in the United States. The following gentlemen are the officers and directors, viz.:-Officers: Jonathan Steward, President; J. T. Ridgway, Vice-President; Philip P. Dunn, Treasurer; Thos. A. Bell, Secretary and General Mana ger. Directors: Jonathan Steward, Mahlon Hutchinson, Philip P. Dunn, A. V. Manning, Wm. C. Ivins. New York George W. Swett & Co., Wholesale and Retail Druggists, No. 29 Park Row.-An important business in thi s city i s that conduct ed by George W. Swett & Co., as w holesa le and retail dealers i n d rugs. The business dates its inception from 1836 and controls a trade which, already large, is constantly increasing. The establishment is conducted as a branch of the New Ehgland Botanic Depot of Boston. The fi rm is composed of Messrs. George W. Swett, M.D., and Alfred B. Mitchell, the latter gentlema n conducting the New York business. The b uilding o ccupied is l arge and well adapted for th e business, and c onta in s a very full and complete line of dr ugs, chemicals, medicines, etc. Special attention is given to the selection of medicinal roots, herbs, barks, leaves and flowers, and physicians' prescriptions are accurately compounded of the best materials. A specialty is also made of natural mineral waters, the establishment being provided with a splendid fountain. The trade is both wholesale and retail. Messrs. Swett and Mitchell are both active business men and their success is but the outgrowth of untiring energy, perseverance and strict integrity. 245 246 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Second avenues. In dimensions the establishment is 30x70 feet, having all the facilities for turning out excellent goods atlowprices. Here maybe foundin variety all kinds of railings, balusters, newels, &c., and Mr. Gilroy makes artistic and fancy newels and wainscoting a specialty. He has been established in this business for the last four years, and during that comparatively short period of time he has obtained an enormous patronage. As a stair builder he has no superior in the city of New York as all his work will testify. He also makes contracts to build and entirely finish hoeses or rows of buildings and'he invariably has in his employ from twenty to twenty-five men. He has made a grand success of his enterprise and is duly appreciated for his services. Mr. Gilroy is a native and lifelong resident of New York and is a practical and conscientious worker well worthy the patronage that his efforts have brought to him since his establishment in business. Royal I ce Company, of Liverpool, England, Head Office, Metropo lit an Dist rict, No. 50 Wall Street.-In th is historical review, wherein our leading and representative business hous es receive careful consideration, there is no department that enlists more attention th an th at of fi re insurance, and the publishers haveendeavored to bring before th e publ ic and t heir readers those companies that have the most substantial and honorable stand ing in t he Un ited St ates. Prominent amongthes e is the i t f amous Royal, of Liverpool, England, which was originally founded i n Great Britain in 1845. Seeing th e advantage of a repres nntation in New York, the British directors established the United States branch in 1851, and since its incept ion at that period, it has had an uninterrupted career of prosperity and success. As an illustration of the higher grade of fire insurance, the Royal st ands almost withou t a peer. Its entir e history has been marked by a course of conwervative and honorabl e ma nagement, that has not only brought it a large business, but has made for it a reputation and a name that inspires confidence in all thos e who are enjoying the protection it secures. On the 1st of January, 1884, the Royal made the following statement of the condition of its United States Branch, which shows the company to be one of the strongest and most substantial in the world. ASSETS. U. S. Government bonds, market value.......$ 2,331,873 75 Real estate................................................... 1,115.649 42 Cash in bank and offices............................. 450,208 94 Accrued interest.......................................... 48,100 00 Uncollected premiums and other admitted assets......................................................... 241,847 69 $4,187,679 80 Wlitiam H. Christie & Co., Wh olesale Oyster Dealers, Boat 5 and 6, Foot of Cha rles Stree t.-On e of the oldest and mos t po pular oyster houses in this city isc that conducted by Messrs. W. H. Christie & Co., in boats 5 and 6, at the foo t of Charles str eet. The b usines s was established in 1848 by the se nior member of the pres ent re-o rga nized firm, which includes besides Messrs. Theodore Ferguson and Edward C. Christie, the latter a s on of the senio r member. Mr. Fer gus o b n is a n old han d at the business, having been for t w enty -four years connected with the house in which he is now a partner. He is highly respected in the trade for his many sterling qualities. Mr. Christi e, Jr., the junior member of the firm, is also a gen t lem an of large practical experience in the business, having been in the employ of the house for many years before attaining his present connection therewith. Messrs. Christie & Co., purchase their stock from planters at all points, dealing only in first-class oysters of the best and most popular brands. The business is shipping to the West exclusively and considering the vast amount of territory embraced by that portion of the United States, the field may be said to be illimitable. Mr. William H. Christie, the founder of the house, is an old and exceedingly popular New York merchant, to whose probity and industrious zeal is mainly due the eminently successful career of the fine business which bears hisq name. He has been a director in several banks in this city and has ever been zealous in promoting the best interests of the community. Boulevard Boarding and Livery Stables, M. McNamara, Proprietor, Nos. 168 and 170 East 83rd Street. -One of the finest livery establishments in New York City is that known as the Boulevard, which is admirably located for business at Nos. 168 and 170 East 83rd street, between Third and Lexington avenues, and within one block of the Elevated R. R. Stationi. The stables are handsomely fitted up throughout, remarkably fine accommodations being provided for boarding horses. There are ample accommodations for some eighty or ninty horses, a large number of fine animals suitable for any purpose being kept for hire. There are also always ready for the accommodation of those deslrag elegant new broughams, landaus etc., with coachmen in livery, besides topwagons, surreys, and phaetons for park or road driving. All charges are moderate with special rates to parties wishing to hire by the month. Mr. McNamara has been engaged in the livery business for the past twenty years, although he has been located as above only since May 1884, having previous to that time occupied the stables at 73rd street and Fourth avenue for nineteen years. He is a member of the Gen tlemen's Driving Club, resides in New York and is well known in both the business and social circles of the metropolis. LIABILITIES. Unpaid losses. unearned premiums, and other liabilities......................................... $ 2,292,803 90 Surplus......................................................... $1,894,875 85 The head office of the metropolitan district is located in the splendid marble building, the property of the Royal, No.50 Wall street, with branch offices, Southwest corner Third avenue and 23d street, John Green, agent; No. 193 Montague street, Brooklyn, Ralph Pomeroy, agent; No. 4 Fourth avenue, near Flatbush avenue, Brooklyn, Henry M. Whitbeck, agent, where every information relative to rates is cheerfully given. The Royal insures all kinds of property at the lowest rates consistent with absolute safety. The following gentlemen are the executive officers and committee of management, viz: Committee of Management, B. B. Sherman, Gustav Schwab, J. D. Vermilye, Henry Parish, Osgood Welsh. Manager, E. F. Beddall; Assistant Manager, Wm. W. Henshaw. The manager, Mr. E. F. Beddall, is a gentleman of very superior ability, and thoroughly informed as to insurance maters. The position which he has invariably occupied in this business has been clearly indicative of an energy and liberality that have been justly rewarded in the brilant success achieved, and the high esteem with which he is regarded by the community for his enterprise and inflexible integrity. Mr. Wm. W. Henshaw, the assistant secretary, is an honorable and experienced business man, ably and faithfully discharging the onerous duties devolving upon him. The Royal Insurance Company, through an honorable and considerate course and the prompt adjustment and payment of all losses, has secured a foremost position among the reliable institutions of the country, and deserves prominent notice in this review of New York's progressive insurance interests. Tr. W. Gilroy, Practical Stair Builder, No. 333 East 60th Street, between First and Second Avenues. —Mr. T. W. Gilroy's stair builder factory and sales rooms are located atNo. 333 East 60th street, between First and 246 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 247 G. Wingert, Upholstery, No. 2305 Fourth Avenue.As an upholstery establishment, that of Mr. G. Wingert, in the Harlem District, No. 2305 Fourth avenue, is now regarded as the best in that neighborhood. Mr. Wingert keeps a stock of fine furniture constantly on hand, t ogether with mattresses of all ki n ds, ma king these latter to order in the best manner, as well as repairing any other kind of mattress which has become deteriorated from long use, rendering it as good as new. Mr. Wingert has been established in his present location since 1883, and has had long experience in his business. He employs many workmen. One of the specialties of his establishment is the manufacture of shades of all descriptions, of which he has a large stock on hand, and which he makes to order to fit any window. He also keeps a full line of gimps and furniture trimmings. All his work is carried on in his large and well fitted factory in the rear of the store. Mr. Wingert, who was born in this city, has already established a large business, which is increasing rapidly under his excellent management. F. Vreeland, Hardware of every description, No. 96 West Broadway.-Mr. Vreeland holds a leading posi tion in the retail hardware trade, and has enjoyed an uninterrupted successful business career for six years. A large trade is done, and an immense stock of hard ware of every description,such as mechanics' tools, cutlery, nails, and a general assortment of house furnishing goods, is always to be found upon the shelves. Mr. Vreeland is a genial young business man, his policy of fair dealing, selling reliable goods at low prices,!and personal popularity having been in a great measure the cause of his success. With the facilities at hand he can supply the wants of his patrons in a prompt and satisfactory manner. His long experience in the business has made him familiar with its every detail. Charles Flrese, Brewer, Nos. 238 to 252 Scholes Street, Brooklyn.-Mr. Charles Frese was for a long time foreman in the establishment of the Williamsburgh Brewing Company. and brought to the enterprise which he now conducts, a ripe experience, superbor judgment and rare tact and energy. The capacity of the concern is severely taxed to supply the custom which he has secured, and an enlargement of his already spacious premises will be necessitated in the near future. His trade is not only locally large, but extends throughout the West and South, the superior quality of his beer creating a constant and increasing demand. The fact that Mr. Frese has been established but five years, and that his goods are in such large demand, is perhaps their strongest recommendation to the general purchasing public, and the high reputation of his house for fair dealing, stability and reliability, renders it a safe one with which to form business relations. Personally there is no gentleman in Brooklyn held in higher esteem than Mr. Frese. M. C. Weldemeyer, Dealer in New and Second Hand Books, etc., Prints and Engravings for Illustrating, No. 39 Ann Street.-The attention of our readers is directed to the recently established house of Mr. M. C. Weidemeyer, No. 39 Ann street, which has already obtained a libera l patronage. The premises occupied are commodious and the stock includes a full line of standard works, both new and second hand, periodicals, magazines, reviews, etc., together with an excellent selection of prints and engravings for illustrating. Mr. Weidemeyer makes a specialty of rare and valuable books, and being a connoisseur in the department of gems of literature, is enabled to offer some choice works which have been purchased at the auction sales of some of the most celebrated European libraries. A catalogue of his extensive collection is quarterly issued by the proprietor, who possesses unsurpassed facilities for conducting all commissions or orders, under the most favorable auspices and is always prepared to grant his customers every legitimate advantage. G. Marcus, Importer and Manufacturer of Ostrich Feathers, No. 66 W. Houston Street.-The specialty of this house from its inception two years ago has been ostrich feathers of a very fine character. Keeping steadily to the one specialty, Mr. Marcus has wonderfully developed the same, so that he is now regarded as second to none in the production of really first-class goods. Mr. Marcus has had long and practical experience in the trade, and is an expert inall matters pertaining thereto. He has every facility for manufacturing on a large scale, and employs a large force of skilled hands. The black feathers made by him have a standard reputation in the trade, and are unexcelled for beauty, finish and workmanship. Mr. Marcus is an energetic, wide awake business man, liberal and fair in all dealings, and is meeting with a well deserved success. His trade is steadily growing. P. Hoykendorf & Co., Druggists,Third Avenue and 50th Street.-Among the leading and best equipped pharmacies of the East Side is that of P. Hoykendorf Co. The prem ises occupied are spacio us and the interior a rrangement is perfect, the store be ing a mode l of artistic ele gance and ne a t ness. The stock carried embraces a tine assortment of pure fresh drugs, chemicals, proprietary medicines, toilet and fancy articles, and everything usually found in a first-class drug store. The prescription department receives particular attention. Physicians prescriptions are carefully compounded by the highest standard of professional skill. Mr.Hoykendorf, the senior member of the firm, was born in Denmark. and has been in this country about fifteen years. He is wellknown in this section, having been in the drug business for over ten years. Mr. J. Hiebachek, his partner, is a genial, courteous gentleman of ample experience and excellent commercial qualifications. The present co-partnership was recently formed, and under the new management the business is destined to become a gratifying and well deserved success. Samuel A%41er's Marble and Granite Works, No. 148 East 57th Street.-Among the leading houses in this line is that of Mr. Samuel Adler, who has been established since 1878, and has built up a large and permanent business. He employs none but the best workmen and turns out in the most artistic manner, monuments, head-stones, mantles, fences, tiling, furniture and plumbers-slabs in marble and granite. For beauty and originality of design, superiority of finish and durability, the work turned out by him is unrivalled. He is a member of Craftsman's Lodge, No. 651 F. & A. M., and of the American Legion of Honor, also of the United States Benevolent Fraternity. He is also a member of the Mount Sinai Hospital Association and the Hebrew Orphan Asylum. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 247 1. Stelgerwald, Mammoth Meat Market, No.'199 First Avenue, No. 1144 Second Avenue, No. 255 First Avenue.-New York is provided with many large and fine markets, but probably no one Individual is at the head of larger.and better equipped meat markets th is Mr. 1. Steigerwald. He was born in Germany, and fifteen years ago began his career as a dealer in meats. He has built up an excellent trade In his three stores, employing many assistants but never ceasing to have an eye to the quality of his stock. Patrons will rely with safety upon representations made them at any, of his markets, for the proprietor's purpose Is never to deceive the public. By selling what he claims to sell, and charging reasonable market prices, this business is fast, growing. 24 E OKSLADN NUTIS combined with the capable management of their interests, their future success Is assured. They are direct receivers and wholesale and commission dealers i n ha y, straw, grain and cotnir prod uce, being received from consigners throughout the state of New York, via West Shore and N. Y. a. & H. R. R. Both members of the firm are pratical business men, with the bes t connections in the mercantile community. D. Buckley, Marble Works, No. 151 East 50th Street. -This gentleman has been engaged in this business since 1881 which, from the very inception has been more than ordinarily successful, and increased to such an extent as to necessitate the removal In August 1884 to his present quarters. He was formerly with the firm of Fauchere & Co., where he acquired a thorough knowledge of the business. He h on hand all kinds of fine marbles which he is prepared to manufacture into monuments, mantels, tiling, wainscoting, plumbers' tops, etc., at the shortest notice and in the best manner. His prices are very low. for good work and he guarantees satisfaction in every case. He has done the marble work in the following buildings to which he refers: The Grenoble Flats, Fifty-seventh street and Seventh avenue, the Lavara Flats, Fifty-nith street and Ninth avenue and Columbia College, Forty-ninth street and Fourth avenue. The Almy Brewing Company, No. 60 South Ferry Street, Albany, and Nos. 365, 366 and 367 West Street, New York tCity.-The opinion, not yet alto pgether eradieted, once prevailed, that first class ale could not be manufactured on the American OontinemL This opinion is now confined altogether to the aristocratic Anglo-maniac who obtains his cloths from England and all he can possibly drink and eat. The ak11 and energy of our native brew ers have however long ago exploded this idea among sensible men, and the first to experiment upon patriotic as well " business principles was the Albany Brewing Company founded as far back as 1797. This company had long to struggle against obstacles but it persevered sad flourished, and ere many years has rolled over convinced all sensible people that as good, If not superior ales and beers could be brewed in this as in any country in the world. The Albany Brewing Company is historic It was founded by James Boyd nearly a century ago and has for its president this present day his grandson John S. Boyd. The New York depot of this great brewing establishment comprises Nos. 365, 866, 367 West street and in conjunction with the Albany branch, employs more than 400 hands. The Arch street brewery in Albany gives the name and reputation to the entire business, and it is no exaggeration to say Albany ale carries with it a national reputation, while its porter ranks second to none in the United States. The offers of the company are John S. Boyd, president, James H. Pratt, secretary and treasurer, and J. M Knap, member of the executive committee. These officers are men of education and standing in the State and are profoundly conversant with all details of the business they manage with such success. Mr. Pratt is president of the Albany County Savings Bank, and has been connected with the firm twenty-one years; Mr. Knap is a graduate of Rensellaer Polytechnic Institute,Troy. The brewery at the state capital which occupies an entire block is bounded by Ferry, Arch, Green and Franklin streets, and its head office is on No. 60 South Ferry street. It is said of this establishment, with truth, that an inferior grade of ale or beer is never permitted to pass its gates and hence in a measure the deserved reputation it enjoys. The brewery has at vaos times gone under different titles, but a Boyd has always been connected with it in a leading position and the principal interest of the concern has remained in the hands of the founder's family. In 185iM Mr. John S. Boyd and David I. Boyd, under the style of Boyd & Bro., were succeeded by Boyd, Bro. & Co., and in 1863 this title was changed for that of Coolidge, Pratt & Co. The company under its present name and management was incorporated in 1872 and at once moved forward into a sphere of great prosperity and reputs tion. Their business connections are numerous, their capital nirmited and their standing for energy, integrity and enterprise recognized from New York to Sve Francisco. J. S. Ferguson, Mutual Boarding Stables, Nos. 103 and 105 West 53rd Street.-The above establishment dates Its inception from 1872, and has always occupied the same building. Alterations have been made as the constantly increasing demands of the business seemed to warrant, until the concern at present is one of the most complete of its kind in the metropolis. The provision for the comfort a nd we ll-being of th e animals in charge are of the highest ord er. Th e buildings have acc ommodations for 140 horse s, an d among those boar ded there w o e n otice some fine b looded stock. The building ct s ituated at Nos. 103 and 105 West 53rd street, extending through to Nos. 104 and 106 West 54th street, the whole having dimension s of 20tx50 feet. Mr. J. S. Ferguson is an old New Yorker, a member of the Gentlemen's Driving Club, and has a large and Influential acquaintance among the better class of Sporting men throughout the country. C. WUon,u House and Fresco Painter, No. H7 West Twenty-first Street-The re ois no bra nch o f th e mechanical arts in which such progress has ~ been made within the past few years as in tha t of pai nting and decorating. One of the representative houses in this line is that of Mr.. Wils o n, No. 67 Wes t Twenty-filrst street, who has been established for the past twelve years. Mr. Wilson Is a practical workman, and enjoys an excellent reputation. He employs none but the very best hands, and all orders entrusted to his care are executed in the most perfect manner. He makes a specialty of house and fresco painting, graintng, gilding and also kalsomining. John C. Womes, Crpenter and Builder, No. 136 West Twenty-eighth Street.-ohn a. Wessells established himself In business some twenty-seven years ago and has always occupied the same shops, at No. L36 West 28th street, between Sixth and Seventh avenues. He is prepared to make contracts for buildings and all kinds of jobbing in his line of business at the most rea. sonable rates. He is a practical'mechanic of many years experience, and is prompt honorable and reliable in whatever he undertakes to do. He is a man well known in the co mmty as one of the leading representative citizens, pommg an indomitable will and exhaustless energy which backed by an unblemished reputation is meeting with that substantial encouragement w*ell always follows integrity and perseverance. lFout & Fisher, Wholesale and Commission Dealers, 36th Street and 11th Avenue; Nos. 17, le & 19 West Shore Market.-No class of houses is more deserving of consideramuon on acecnt of the commercial attractions of any bu centre, than those engaged in handling the staple necessari and products. Prominent among the lig emms merchants of the metropolis, both by the extent of their business and the large inttrew rthey represent, I s the houses awy of Fout & Fisher, Nos.17, 18 and 19 of the West Shore Market, 36th street and Ith Avenue. The frm consists of Messrs. H. H. Fout & X. J. Fisher, both well-known citizens of Syraeu, whoe they have been engaged in the produce and eomm]Slcm bless for many years. The firm have occupied their present eligible premises for the last two years, and with the facilities they possess, 248 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 24 carriage and saddle horses, together with stylish car. riages, buggies, coupes, landaulets,'IT" carts and all the different kinds of equipages that are used upon all occasions of pleasure, festivity, business or at funerals, ana which he lets at very moderate prices. He also boards a limited number of horses by the day, week or month on reasonable terms giving them the best of care and attention. M. Childs was born in London, England, and since he became a resident of this city has won his way to popular favor ltrecderik Oppermann, Jr., Brewer, 45th'.and' 46th Streets, East New York.-The first lager beer brewery in New York was started in 1848 by George Gillie, after which it grew popular and the demand for it was such that 8mom after the "Turtle Bay Brewery" was built, on an indentation of the shore at the foot of 45th 8treet, East. Mr. Frederick Oppermana, in partnership with Mr. Gillie in his brewery on 46th street, purchased the interest of the latter in 1877, and took in Mr. John Muller. The change soon made itself felt and the business prospered and larger accomodations were found necessary. Looking around them for a site to purchase, their eye fell upon the old Turtl e Bay Brewery, which was purchased in 1882, for a handsome sum of money. The site consists of twelve lots, extending from 44th to 45th streets, and upon this ample space bodman Bros., Manufacturers of Cloaks and Suits, No. 73 Franklin Street.-A leading house in this line, and one which may be mentioned as a prominent and able representation of the industry, is that of Messrs. Freedman Bros., whose commodious and elegantly appointed establishment occupies an advantageous site at No. 73 FrankUln street. Messrs. M. and Chas. I. Freedman composing the firm, are gentlemen of wide experience and acknowledged skill in their line of business in the eminently successful prosecution of which they have displayed in a marked degree the sterling principles and progressive enterprise which characterize the successful merchant. Their elegant show-room display a great variety of exquisitely made garments whose artistic cut and general excellence command the admiration of their large and liberal patronage. The trade of the house extends throughout the United States for which a number of efficient travelling salesmen are employed, which with the prosperous city trade,constitutes a general business of unsurpassed magnitude. The Messrs. Freedman are highly respected in business circlesand are fully deserving of the continuedprosperity of their enterprise. J. Wisnowmki, Apothecary, 723 Ninth Avenue.-Mr. J. Wisnowski for the past thirty years has been engaged in this line of business at No. 723 Ninth avenue. His drug store is one of the neatest as it is one of the most popular on the West Side. Mr. Wisnowski is one of the old school of pharmacists, who had to thoroughly understand every detail of their profession beforebeing allowed to begin business, and that he is recognized today by the medical fraternity, as an expert and skilled pharmacist is evinced by the fact, that he compounds difficult formulas and prescriptions for physicians all over the city. His store is spacious and well arranged, a full and complete line of pure, fresh drugs and chemicalsis kept, also toilet and fancy articles, proprietary medicines and druggists' sundries. Special attention is paid to the careful compounding of physicians' prescriptions and amily recipes, and the interests of patrons are watched with care. Mr. Wisnowski is a native of Poland, and inhis profession enjoys an excellent reputation. Ta. F. F]neh, Manufacturer of Veneer or "Built Up" Work, Nos. 511 to 517 West 30th Street.-Among the many thriving industries of the metropolis, is the manufacture of Veneer or "built up" work, which is used for a variety of purposes, principal among which are sewing machines, carriage tops and sides, etc. The leading establishment in this line is that of Mr. E. F. French, whose spacious factory, Nos. 511 to 517 West 30th street, is equipped with all the most improved machinery, tools and appliances. Mr. French has been engaged in this line of business for the past sixteen years. He was formerly located at No. 340 Seventh avenue, but owing to the rapid increase of his trade, was obliged to secure more extensive manufacturing facilities, and recently he moved to his present location. He employs a large force of skilled workmen, and is prepared to execute the largest ordersi n the promptest and most reliable manner. Mr. French was born in Vermont, and has been a resident of this city for many years. I_r~. tIf)/. M.-~*z | rwaan I ml/-.JW~g k? Ast Messrs. Oppetmann and Miller constructed one of the fin e st breweries in America. It is of the Queen A nne style of architecture, and as the Brewers' Journal says "is unique, substantial, costly and elegant." It has six stories exclusive of cellars, each of them dedicated to its own purpose, and containing the most improved and perfect machinery of modern times. Its pumps, refrigerators, three-hundred barrel coffee kettles, immense vats, bandelot cooler, fresh air ventilator, and in fact, all its splendid equipments are admired by the visitors who know anything at all about brewing. The brewery proper is the main building, having a depth of 40 and a frontage of n feet. The materials of the structure are blue stone, compressed brick, and terra cotta trimmings. Some idea of the magnitude of what the business is assuming may be formed when it is stated that in 1877 the out-put was 18,000 barrqls, and in 1884 75,000, an increase of more than four hundred per cent. in seven years. Mr. Frank Oppermann was born in New York in 1849, and is still therefore a young man of splendid physique. He has no superior in either theory or practice in the business, and has had a first-class training from his connections and experience. He is First Lieutenant in the Third Cavalry, State National Guard, and is a member of several high social clubs in the city. Bdwin Ch ilds, Li very Stables, No. 105 Wes t Forty ninth Street.-SMr. Childs has been established in this line of business since 1874, and in May, 1884 removed to his present location. He always keeps anumber of good NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 249 250 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. nized as a leading one in this section of the metropolis. At their store they carry a full and complete line of plumbers' supplies of all kinds, iron and lead pipe, rubber hose, hydraulic rams, bath tubs, steam and water fittings, and all other accessories of the trade. Messrs. Aston & Hamill are fully prepared to furnish estimates for work of any magnitude, and possess every facility for completing it in the most approved and workmanlike manner. In every branch of their trade they may be implicitly depended upon to perform all contracts efficiently and promptly at the lowest possible rates, consistent with good workmanship. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. J. A. Aston and J. W. Hamill. Clinton Fire Insurance Company, G. T. Patter son, Jr., President.; Effingham Townsend, Vice Presi-A dent; C. E. W. Chambers, Secretary. Chief Office: Nos. 170 and 172 Broadway.-The Clinton Fire Insurance Company has had an uninterrupted career of prosperity during its thirty-five years of existence, and stands to day a representative exponent of those great cardinal principles of honor and integrity, which alone ensure permanent success. The company was organized and commenced business in the year 1850, and speedily se cured not only a large share of patronage, but likewise the confidence of the entire community. While many companies have lost ground and are to-day less finan cially able than when organized, the Clinton has stead ily increased its volume of assets, reserve for reinsur ance and net surplus. The company have lately in creased their office facilities and now occupy the whole of the first storyof the spacious building, Nos. 170 and 172 Broadway, corner of Maiden Lane, which are elegantly fitted up. Mr. G. T. Patterson, Jr., the esteemed President, devotes himself earnestly to the general guidance of the corporation, and is a recognized authority on many questions pertaining to fire insurance. The Secretary, Mr. C. E. W. Chambers, has long been connected with the Clinton and is a hard-working, competent executive officer, who has ever ably and faithfully discharged the onerous duties devolving upon him. The management of the Clinton is to be congratulated upon its satisfactory financial condition. With a paid up capital stock of $250,000, the company has accumulated assets amounting to no less than $461,409.34, the great portion of which is permanently invested in the most reliable forms of securities. Among other items we may mention $276,075 in government bonds; $26,400 in loans on bonds and mortgage, and the balance in choice railway and bank stocks. A special feature of the Clinton's security to policy holders is its unusually large reserve forreinsurance, &c., amounting to no less than $127,358.70. The company does a large business, but its conservative policy is widely known, and the classes of risks written by it are in all cases carefully selected. Method and an organized system characterize all Its operations, and the executive board, in pursuance of such a praiseworthy policy, has ever received a cordial support from the board of directors, which is composed as follows: Messrs. Effingham Townsend, Amos R. Eno, John Watson, John Scott Boyd, Israel Corse, John R. Willis, Preston H. Hoges, Henry Coffin, John D. Griffin, Charles H. Isham, William Palen, E. A. Clark, It. S. Middleton, Amos Robbins, M. N. Packard, G. T. Patterson, Jr., Mark Hoyt, James H. Percival, James B. Van Woert, James H. Bates and Thomas E. Proctor. The board is a thoroughly representative one, including our leading merchants and capitalists. The company has, during its career, transacted a very large business, evidenced by the fact of its having received since its organization premiums to the amount of upwards of $3,300,000, while it has promptly paid losses during the same period to a total amount of some $1,000,500, and declared dividends of $1,060,000. We have not seen any better showing than this magnificent record of business transacted upon an. original capital of $250,000, and the company was never so strong and so able to afford an absolute guarantee to policy-holders as in the year 1885. It promptly adjusts and settles all losses, and its equitable administration has rendered it Justly popular and respected among the best classes of New York property owners. Charles C. Schlldwachter, Carr iage and Wagon Maker, corner Fourth Avenue and 128th Street, Har le m. -Prominent a mong th e first-class car riage manufactur ers of Harl em is Charles c. Schildwachter, whose factory is loca ted at the corner of 4th Ave nue and 128th stre et, for m e rly 77 and 79 Eas t 125th St. This business was established by Mr. Schildwachter in 1866, during which time he has gained a n enviable reputation for fin e workmansh ip, finish and style in the work turned out. His new fact ory, to which he moved in February, 1885, is the largest one of its kind in Harlem, 25xlOO feet, and four stor ie s high. The enti re premises comprise a repo sitory, paint shops, v arni sh shop, blacksmiths' shops, and wood shop. The various d epart ments ar ppe wi e sfit m a ited and equipped with the b est m achinery and appliances for the work, a nd a n im mens e st ock is carried, inclu ding fashionable sleighs in season, an d vehicles of every class. Trucks and business wagons of all des criptions are made to order in the best and mo st satisfactory manner, and jobbing and repairing are pro mpt ly attended to. A large number of hands are employed ahd each d epartment has a compecent superintendent. Mr. Charles ~. Schildwachter, who is sole proprietor, is a native of Germany, and has resided in this country for many years. A. Murphy, Manufacturer and Dealer in Ladies' and Gents' Furnishing Goods, No. 49 Catherine Street.An extensive trade is managed at this well-known establishment in ladies' and gents' furnishing goods, as it is many years established, and is reputed for the quality of goods, as well as fair and honorable dealing with its numerous patrons. The store is a double front, 24x65 feet. Mr. Murphy has done business on Catherine street for over ten years, and during this time has gained a large trade and reputation that could be secured only by fair and honorable dealing. He employs three assistants, who are kept constantly busy in attending to their numerous city customers, wherein lies the greater portion of trade. Mr. Murphy is a native of Ireland, and is about forty-five years of age, and has been twenty-five years in this country. His success in business is attributed to that vim, energy and shrewdness of which his countrymen are noted, and of which he is most highly endowed. Friedrlch Rietze, Merchant Tailor, NC. 156 Ninth Avenue.-A representative West Side establishment is that of Mr, Friedrich Rietze, who has been connected with the trade in this city for the past sixteen years, and founded his present establishment nine years ago. The premises are spacious and are neatly fitted up. A fine stock of fashionable imported and domestic fabrics is carried and all the most stylish suitings, coatings, and trouserings are kept on hand. Mr. Rrietze has built up a widely extended trade among the leading citizens of the West Side and is deservedly popular among all classes. He owes his success to the liberal and honorable methods by which his business is conducted. Aston & Hamil, Plumbers and Gas Fitters, No. 802 Ninth Avenue, between 53rd and 54th Streets.-In this important business, together with that of steam and gas fitting, Messrs. Aston & Hamill, No. 802 Ninth Avenue, have achieved an enviable reputation, and their establishment, though recently founded, is now recog 250 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. -~ ~~~E OKSLADN NUTIS 5 pervision of Mr. Alexander, who always makes it his aim to furnish the best goods at popularprices. He has been established at the above location for the past sixteen years, and has built up a large and permanent patronage. Charles F. Ellppert's Pharmacy, No. 1667 First' Avenue, corner 87th Street.-Among the active druggists and pharmaceutists of Harlem may be mentioned Mr. Charles F. Klippert, whose popular store was established over five years ago, and whose trade has been steadily increasing during this period. Mr. Klippert is a graduate of New York College of Pharmacy and also of the New York University Medical College, and understands the preparation of medicines in all its branches, which he trusts to no one but himself, prtparing all his own medicines and personally giving his care and strict attention to everything that leaves his establishment. Speaking both French and German, all classes of both nationalities patronize him in preference to going elsewhere, and his trade is rapidly increasing. His stock embraces a full and complete line of drugs, medicines of all kinds, perfumery, soaps, and all kinds of toilet articles. Careful attention is given in his laboratory to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions, and his patrons trust him implicitly in their preparation. Mr. Klippert is a native of Germany and has been in this country about eighteen years. He makes a specialty of the following articles, a trial of any of which will speak for themselves: Klippert's Celebrated Cough Cure, Quinine and Glycerine Hair Tonic, Headache Powders, Spring Ni ture, the Wonderful Blood Purifier, etc., etc. 'T. H. Rohdenburg, Baled Hay, Straw and Grain, 129th Street, near North River.-The business of Mr. Rohdenburg which was established about two years ago has been a success from its inception. He occupies a brick building which has an area on the ground floor of about forty by sixty feet, and is well arranged for the purpose to which it is now devoted and is ellgibly located. Mr. Rohdenburg, who is the successor to Mr. C. Heindel, is a commission merchant and wholesale dealer in baled hay, straw, grain, flour, meal, feed, bran, oil meal and all other articles naturally belonging to a business of thischaracter. Three men and an equal number of double teams and trucks are employed here, and the trade is drawn from the upper section of the city. Mr. Rohdenburg has had a long experience in this line, is well-knowg to the people and enjoys the confidence of the entire community. PH. eH. leCaffirey, Elite Portrait Studio, No. 139 East 59th Street.-The production of a perfect photographic likeness depends entirely upon the artistic skill of the op erator,iny seci ae n in the selection of a proper position and in the fin ish of th e picture afte r it come s from the camera. Such an artist combining all these requisites is Mr. P. H. McCaff rey, who se a teli er known to all as t he Elite studio,is located at No. 139 East 59th street,near Lexington Avenue. He has been engaged in the business upward of fifteen years, and since 1881 has been located as above. He is a thorough artist and understands all the details necessary to produce and complete a satisfactory photograph. He also copies and enlarges in India ink and makes a specialty of crayon portraits. His gallery is provided with all the newest and most improved applianc ces for the successful prosecution of picture-making by photographic art. W. Alexander, Dealer in Poultry, Game, Fruits and Vegetables, Grand Union Market, 42nd Street near Fourth Avenue. —One of the finest, largest and best conducted markets in this section of the citer is that of Mr. W. Alexander,who is located on 42nd street near Fourth avenue, where he occupies a market whose interior arrangements are such as to afford every facility and convenience to purchasers. It is amply provided with ice chests and refrigerators for use in summer, a feature of the establishment being its neatness and cleanliness. Poultry, game, fruits and vegetables are received fresh daily and are carefully selected under the personal su B. Kirian Coyriere, Home and Foreign Teachers' Agency, Kindergarten School Furniture, and School Supplies, No. 81 East 17th Street.-E. Mlrian (Coyriere was for a number of years engaged in the profession of teaching and subsequently was connected with a prominent school furniture house. While serving in the latter capacity she conceived the idea of establishing a teachers' agency, and receiving encouragement fr om her large acquaintance in the profession s he proce eded t o establish abo ut four years ago, the b usi nes s whic h in the inte rvening period has a ttained the proportions of a prosperous industry. The location at No. 31 East 17th st ree t is in every way desirable for the pur pose a ndt besides the home and foreign teacher s' agen cy, a full line of kindergarte n school furniture and general school supplies are kept. The courteous and talented proprietress is the embodiment of womanly genius and e nter - prise and her signal success is but a mee t tribute to sterling merit. Mirian Coyriere makes it a duty in her business to acquire a thorough knowledge of everything new in relation to school methods, and is in continuous correspondence with school boards in all parts of the world and notably i n Lond on, England a nd Brussells, Belgium. She is contin ual ly furnishing teachers and school furniture for points in the West I ndies, South America and Europe, and i s in receipt of many testimonialis of e steem from different countries,among which may be mentioned a hands ome di ploma from Don Pedro, Emperor of Brazil. She is a lady of superi or e xecutive ability, amiable, intelligent and highly cultured, and her extensive educational knowledge, from long experie nce, eminently qualify her for the important position she so honorably and efficiently occupies. Institutions of learning and school boards will do well to correspond with her when needing such aids and supplies as she can furnish. Madam Coyriere was the first to introduce the system of no charges to teachers until a situation was secured. Nor does she charge anything to parties applying for teachers. Notwithstanding these liberal accommodations, her percentage on teachers salary, as compensation for her services, is lower than that charged by similar institutions, which also charge the teacher a fee of AL, besides on application. Parents or guardians may rely on having their children or wards placed in the safest and best schools either in America or Europe, she having made herself acquainted with their social, moral and intellectual status. Bond's Cleaning Fluid, General Depot, No. 14 Platt Street. —Many specifics have been invented from time to time to remove grease spots from garments, but of these there are but very few that do not partake of an injurious character, permanently injuring the material, while but temporarily accomplishing their object. Bond's Cleaning Fluid is a most valuable household necessity, having stood the test for years, and has had a very successful career and is warranted to clean thoroughly all kinds of dark colored garments, either silk or wool. This preparation is most effective in removing mud stains and grease spots fiom silk for ladies, and is also particularly recommended to gentlemen for removing spots from coats, vests, etc., and is remarkably handy, requiring only a short time to dry. No washing off is required, as the fluid leaves neither odor nor stain, no benzine being used in its preparation, and it is cheap, the price charged being only twentyEive cents per bottle. This cleaning fluid is invaluable and the proprietress deserves the thanks of the orn. munityr for her skill and ability and justly merits the success which has attended her well directed efforts. p t p 0 p I t I e t s I 8 t s s NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 251 252 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. James M Lewis, Broker in Insurance, No. 67 Liberty Street.-Without the Insurance Companies, which to the prud ent and judicious afford ample s ecurity against loss by fire, the metropolis would not present its splendid appearance w ith lofty and magnificent buildings unsurpas se d by any city in the world. These companies place their interests frequently in the hands of agent s and brokers, who have se cureod honorable reputations in ths branch o enterprise, and one of the leadin g houses so engaged is that of, Mr. James M. Lewis, whos e offi ces a re desirabl y located at No. 67 Liberty street. He transacts all kinds of fiire, marine and inland insur ance, on property a nd merchandise throughout the United States with reliable and substantial American and European companies, and is a ble in consequence of hs e xtensive connections to offer ver y s uperio r induemean ts to pr oper ty holders and merchants. This business was origin a lly f ounded by Mr. Lewis i n 1874 at No. 153 Broy, and w a s conducted by him there till 1881, when he removed to his present eligible a n d central location. Mr. Mr. Lewis ha s ha d many years experience as a broker, and his knowledge and judgment as to the business is such as to make h is house a very acceptable one to place one's prop erty with. In all his operations he will be found prompt, liberal and conservative, always anxious for the interests of patr ons, and prepared to offer advantages i n keeping with such a reputation. Mr. Lewis is a native of New York, and is highly esteemed in mercantile circles for his integrity, and is we ll worthy of the large and pe rman ent business which has rewarded his well directed exertions. L B. Hatileld, Builders' Hardware and House Furnishing Goods, Plumbing, Gas Fitting, Tin and Metal Roofing, etc., Washington Avenue and 175th Street.Among the prominent hardware dealers in the northern portion of New York is Mr. S. E. Hatfileld, who came from England to, America some fiftyeight years ago and started in business for himself as long ago as 1841. His first venture was at the comer of Grand and Division streets, where he stayed for two years, building up a large and lucrative hardware business in this locality. He removed in 1M3 to the comer of Houston street and Avenue D, where he remained until 1859. In 1861 he formed the copartnership of Holmes & Hatfield, which firm did a profitable business for five years, when Mr. Hatfield retired. In 1867 Mr. Hatfield embarked again in the hardware and tin roofing business in Harlem,and in 1874 removed his establishment to Washington avenue and 175th street, where he has ever since remained, doing a very large and continually increasing business. He has in stock a full line of all kinds of builders' hardware, as well as house furnishing goods, including stoves, tinware, ranges, plumbing goods, metal roofing, &c. Mr. Hatfield is both a practical plumber and roofer, and has a very large trade in this line of business. He does jobbing work promptly and efficiently. Mr. Hatfield was born in England in 819, and during the many years that he has resided in America has enjoyed the esteem, respect and confidence of all who have known him. Dean & Westbrook, Bridge Engineers and Contractors, No. 32 Liberty Street.-One of the most widely known and successful firms of bridge engineers and contractors in the United States is that of Messrs. Dean & Westbrook, whose main offices have been permanently located in New York since 1883. The co partners, Mr. 0. W. Dean and Mr. John A. Westbrook are both thoroughly practical men, and have, since they commenced in business about fifteen years ago,constructed many important bridges of wood, iron or steel (as specifled) on the line of railroads and highways all over the continent. Their main offices were for some years located in Cleveland, Ohio, and afterward at Harrisburg, Pa, the co-partners being respectively natives of these es, and still in the early prime of manhood. Limits of space prevent our giving the details and deiption of the numerous large bridges they have emtructed, but their high standing as bridge builders will be understood, when we state that they built the largest bridges on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, including the immense structure spanning the Bed River at Emerson, Manitoba, and which the writer has had the pleasure of crossing; also the two largest bridges spanning the Red and Assiniboine Rivers at Winnipeg, the capital of the Province, and which rank among the handsomest and most substantial bridges ino estene. Coming down to the Eastern sections of America, we find many bridges erected by them, such as the splendid Ocean Avenue Bridge at Elberon, New Jersey, and elsewhere. Messrs. Dean & Westbrook possess superior qualifications for the prompt filling of the lest bridge contracts to the letter, and their past recrd is an abundant evidence of their ability and reourees to promptly and efficiently carry out any undertaking placed in their hands. J. W. athar, Painting, Paper Hanging, &o, &c., Nos. 111 and 113 West 36th Street.-Among the leading establishments, in this line, which have won a reputation for firstslas work, is that of Mr. J. W. Gathard. He has been established in this line for the past Eve years, and controls a large and prosperous trade. He employs none but the best workmen, and all orders entrusted to his care, are executed in the most artistic _tner and at reasoable rates. Plain, fresco and decorative painting is executed in the highest style of the art, also paper hanging in all its branches. Mr. Gatbard makes a specialty of imitation inlaid floor borders, also hardwood varnishing and polishing of every description. Jobbing of all kinds is promptly attended to. By fair and square dealing, coupled with straightforward business methods, Mr. Gathard has built up a large patronage. L. J. O'Connor, Architect,No. 111 Broadway, (Trinity Building.)-One of the o ldest established and most popular and talented member of the profession in this city is Mr. Lo J. O'Connor, whose offices are so eligibly and centrally located, in No. 111 Broadway, (Trinity Building). Mr. O'Connor began the practice of his profession about 25 years ago, and during the intervening period, has executed commission& in an eminently satisfactory manner, for many of our leading capitalists and builders. Mr. O'Conner has made the subject of civic architecture a special life long study, and his conception of the requirements of modern churches and public institutions, apartment houses and private residences, are generally recognized as being the best and most satisfactoryfor all practical purposes. He is arespected and influential citizen, who, as an authority on architecture, has done much during his lengthy and honored career to advancethe material prosperity of the great metropolis, and no one is better qualifiedthan he to fully meet the exacting requirements of the public at the present time. - NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 252 P. 1. V. Outealt, Carpenter and Builder, No. 144 West 35th Street.-Mr. outealt is & practical Carpenter and builder of long experience In the business, having served a thorough apprenticeship prior to setting up for himself in 1890. He has occupied his present shops, No. 144 West M Ozeet, between Broadway and Seventh Avenue, since May 1884, and has. already aquired a large custom. Hefurnishesestimatesandl)lamforbaRdings and alterations upon application, gives prompt atten. tion to all orders whether In person or by mail, and does jobbft of all kinds In the neatest and most thorough manner. His prices are as low as is consistent with goodwork. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. ly recommended to the public as one of the mostreliable Fire Insurance Companies doing business in th e U.S. Pobert L. Harris, Civil Eng inee r; Mills Buldng, No. 3 5 Wa ll Street, No. 15 B roa d S treet, No. 56 Ex change Plaeo.-Th e m ater ial progress mant throughout the Unit ed Sta tes during the last twenty years has never had its counter p art e lsewher e, and has included in its wide field of activity, the construction of the m ost gigantic sytem of rail ways and o ther pub lic works, requiring the services of the highest order of profes si onal eRering talent in carrying them to a successful issue. There has not, up to the i ssue o f this volume, been any attempt made to give the public the accurate facts in regard to th e numerous achievements of those members of the profession who reside in their midst, and which this work supplies. Among those towhom this reference is mad e i s Mr. Robert L. Harris, t he widely-know n c ivil engineer, who has, during his active c a reer, superintendo d the con struction of several of the leading trunk railroad s on the West. Mr. Harris was born in Portsmouth, N. H. in the year 1834, and early turned his attention t t othe wide feld of usefulness for whi ch he manifested sue" an aptitude. He entered the oos ae of Mr. Ezra Lincoln, of Boston, remaining under his instr uct io n from 1849 to 1852. From 1852 to 1854, he first began the practice of his profession, and made rapi d p rogress. Mr. Harris justly prides himself on his work executed in California,which was from 1860 to 1871. He had his office in San Fra ncisco, and among the r oads which he was connected with may be mentioned: Napa Valley R. R., San Francisco and Oakland B. R., Alameda Valley R. R., Central Pacific R. R., California Pacific R. R., Sonoma Valley R. R., San Francisco and North Pacific R. R., California Central R. R., Nevada Co. R. R., Stockton and Copperopolis B. R., Washoe R. R., Monterey R. R., Russian River B. B., &o. In the year 18n he was appointed chief engineer of the Northwestern Construction Company, which built the Northern Pacific railroad across the ste of Minnesota. In 1872 he became chief engineer of the Chicago and Canaaz Southern railroad, which, in connection with the Canada Southern, is made practically an air line route of low grades from Buffalo to Chicago, and which was stopped at the time of the panic of 1873. Mr. Harris was (in 1875) appointed chief engineer of the Canada Central railroad, which runs from Ottawa (the capital of Canada), Westward, and is now a division of the Canada Pacific railroad. He completed the work in 1876, and again in 1878, was appointed chief engineer of the further extension of the Canada Central. In 1879 he was appointed the consulting engineer to the Boston Hoosac tunnel and Western railroad. In 1880 Mr. Harris, in partnership with Mr. John Ross, ofHomer, Ontario, Canada, took the contract for the construction for several of the most important sections of the International and Great Northern Railroad, of Texas, building eighty miles of it on the route from Austin, the capital, to San Antonio, as also one hundred and fifty-four miles of the road from San Antonio toLaredo, on the Mexican boundary. In the pursuit of his protesion Mr. Harris has been in every state excpt one, and every territory except two, and has been professionally employed not only in Canada, but in Mexico and other Central American States. He has been conneted professionally with thirty-five to fox tyta~lkads, of which si were "Pacific Railroades" and emo "Interkocanic~." In other words his experience hags been wilde and varied; he is acquainted with lush America, and has aided in its industrial trnpotal on development. M~r. Harris is now a permalbnmt resiet of Near York, and is a public-spirited and reapcoted citizen, whcse honorable methods and sterling integrity render him deservedly popular throughout our leading financial and business circles. People's Fire Insurance Company, of the City of New York; Offices Nos. 168 Broadway, and 395 Canal Street.-The great centre of the United States for fire insurance organizations is New York city. Here have been founded a large number of companies, and from this total the great conflagrations and financial panics have destroyed the unreliable institutions, leaving the strictly responsible and sound ones still conducting a flourishing business. The People's Fire Insurance Company, of New York, is an institution that has a record which reflects the greatest credit upon thi e officers and directors as indviduals, and the company as a corporation. The People's was chartered and organized by a special act of the Legislature in April, 1851, thirty-three years ago, through which period it has encountered the trying ordeals and financial crises that have visited the business interests of the United States, emerging without a blemish on its name. Thoroughly identified with the most progressive plans of insurance, this company has kept pace with the advances of the present day, and now occupies a high plane of financial honor. The People's aims to do a safe business, only taking risks after thorough inquiry and investigation, believing that it can thus best serve the interests of its policy-holders, and thereby secure for them a greater degree of safety as to payment of losses than if the management sought a large volume of business rather than quality. The conlpany insures buildings. dwellings, merchandise, furniture, etc., at the lowest possible premiums that are consistent with absolute safety. The following is a statement of the company's financial condition, as made January lst, 1884: _ ASSETS. Loans on bond and mortgage..........................$ 17160 00 U.S. bonds, etc....................................... 346,74000 Collateral loans............................................... 3,700 00 Cash................................................................. 9,863 56 Interest accrued.....................44 5R i Re........................ 4 423 51 Premiums in due course of collection........... 18,233 26 Aggregate amount of available amets.... $400,120 33 LT.IA'RTIES. Net amount of unpaid loses........................... 9,236 46 Total unearned premiums.............................. 77,753 20 All other liabilities....................................... 6,344 41 $93,334 0 Joint stock dApital pald in cash.....................i 00, 00 Surplus beyond lilablities....................... 106,786 26 $pe,120 3 The People's Company Is fortunate in the possession of a Board of Directors, representative in its character and all gentlemen of undoubted integrity and enterprise. They give the manage-ent of the company their close attention and assist in every possible way the executive officers, who attend to the details of the management. The Board is as follows: Albert Mann, Peter J. Shults, Fred'k V. Price, John A. C. Gray, William Moir, Cornelius Stephens, Matthias Bloodgood, Samuel Raynor, Joseph H. Wood, Henry David, James E. Hedges, Joseph B. Miller. Mr. Fred'k V. Price, the president, is a gentleman of great executive ability and integrity, and thoroughly informed as to insurance matters. The position which he has invariably occupied in the business, has been clearly indicative of energy and liberality, that have been justly rewarded in the succs achieved and the high esteem with which he is regarded by the community. The seretary, Mr. Alex. O. Milne, is an honorable ad pratily experienced business man ably and fthully disaharltng the onerous duties devolving upon him. The oioes are located at No. 168 Broadway and 395 Canal street, where every information is cheerfll y given. The standlg of the company in commertcal to is a the highest Faiater, and both as regards btunes skill and true American enterprise, it justly merits the high reputation to which it has permanently attained. The People's may be confident I I 253 2M NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. secretary, is a popular, enterprising member of the commercial community, and is as widely known for his ability as for the honorable manner in which he attends to the company's interests. Hugo Menzel, Marine Insurance, Nos. 16 and 18 Exchange Place.-In reviewing the commercial inter-' ests of New York, we find no branch of business of more importance then that of insurance. In it are engaged men of great ability and the capital repre sented is mething enormous. New York may well feel p roud of m any representatives w h o give their at te ntion to this branch of commercial activity. The subjec t of this sketch, M r. Hug o Menzel, is the remain ing partner of the old established firm of Wm. Menzel & Son, who date the i r inception as far bach as 1857, a et a period when this city was in its infancy as compared w it h it s pr esent grow th and population. Mercantile busine ss since th at p eriod has assumed proportions in the same ratio with the growth of New York until now a very extensive domestic and foreign marine business is annually tran sacted. The depar tment of under writing was made the specialt y in 1870, of Mr. Hugo Menzel,h the th en junior partner of the firm, at which time he introdu c ed in the United States the "Swiss Loyd"' M a rine Insurance Company of Winter thur, Switzerland, which proved financially a great success so fa r a s t he business transacted in this country was concern ed; b ut in c onsequence of losses sustained by t mthe moic ther ofice the institution was in 1883 oblige d to go into liquidation. With characteristic energy Mr. Menzel transfered Its exten siv e business of select risks to the old and well known Union Insurance Company of Philadelph ia, Pa., by which he has recently been appointe d the g eneral mar in e manager, a fact which argues well for all concerned. Amo ng the many firstclass f oreig n companies re presented byMr.Hugo Menzel, ma y be mentioned the "iBureau Veritas" of Paris, France, wh ich has never fai l ed to verify the significance of its tit le which translated means an "Institution of Truth," in the classification of vessels of all nations. Mr. Menzel has be en one o f the earl y members of the New York Produce Exchang e, and also the Maritime Exchang e org anizati on s which are minutely refered to in thi s volume. Th e success enjoyed by Mr. Menzel's firm has been brought about by the exercise of commercial ability and financial integrity combined with a straight-forward system of honorable dealing, covering an active business career of thirty-three years. N'ew York Lighterage & Trans. Company, Free and Bonded Stores, at Perth Amboy, N. J. Branch Office, South Pier of L. V. R. R. Co.'s Dock, Perth Amboy, N. J., New York Office, No. 70 Wall Street.The New York Lighterage and Transportation Company has always taken a leading position in affording facilities by water, and nowhere is this thorough, systematic development and careful attention to every want of the mercantile community more plainly to be seen than in the company's lighterage department, which comprises a large fleet of vessels suitable to meet all demands of the trade. The company has free and bonded stores at Perth Amboy, N. J., which are very spacious, and are fitted up with every convenience and appliance necessary for the rapid handling of freight. The offices are located at the South Pier of L. V. R. R. Co.'s dock, Perth Amboy, N. J., and' at No. 70 Wall street, New York. In 1874 the company was incorporated, the following being the officers, viz: President, H. B. Moore; Secretary, Joseph Wills. In addition to lightering and bonding foreign freight, the company carries onl an extensive business in handling and shipping American productions. The company's dock and terminal facilities are fully as ample as its large floating equipment, and it aims in every way to give satisfaction, while its low schedule of charges, and its reliability have obtained for it an influential patronage from shippers and merchants. Mr. H. B. Moore, the popular president of the company, is one of New York's representative business men. Mr. Joseph Wills, the Merechants' Print Works, A. H. Wellington, Proprietor, Nos. 416 and 418 West 14th Street.-The production of fancy cassimeres, satinets, flannels, &c., representing some of the most popular classes of dry goods in the market, is a branch of industry in which the different fabrics must undergo an extensive manipulation at the hands of skilled laborers, before they are ready for presents tion to the trade. A very important branch of the work, and one requiring great skill and attention, is the printing process, which consists in affixing to the plain goods, the stripes, bars, plaids, checks and various handsome figures in different colors, which render them so attractive in a finished state. The oldest, as well as the most popular house in this city, engaged in this particular industry, is that of Mr. A. H. Wellington, known as the Merchants' Print Works. This prosperous establishment has an eligible location at Nos. 416 and 418 West 14th street, and is thoroughly equipped with the latest and most approved methods for prosecuting this important branch of the work. The transferring of the many colored figures to the cloth is done by machinery, each color requiring a separate impression, and thy care necessitated through the extreme nicety of the work, is very great. From 50 to 60 skilled people are employed in the different departments. The proprietor, Mr. A.H. Wellington, is a courteous gentleman in the prime of life and devoted to the business, in which he has had an extensive practical experience. The Merchants' Print Works were founded in the year 1861, and in the 24 years elapsed, the business has been attended by a degree of prosperity, commensurate with the zeal and energy of its enterprising proprietor. A. W. Budlong, Dealer in Pine and Hardwood Lumber, Eleventh Avenue and 22d Street.-The lumber industry of the United States is one whose magnitude is scarcely understood except by those engaged in or connected with it. Vast amounts of capital and many thousand persons are engaged in it, and like all other commodities New York is a great centre for the trade. One of the most experienced men in this line is Mr. A. W. Budlong, whose extensive lumber yard on Eleventh avenue, near 22d street, contains a large stock of pine and hardwood lumber. He has been established at this location for the past twenty years, and from a small beginning has built up a business of prosperous proportions. Mr. Budlong receives his supplies direct from the forests of the West and South and the other great lumbering regions of the United States, and is enabled to supply the market here at the very lowest prices. In his spacious yard is stored walnut, oak, ash, pine, spruce, whitewood, maple, and all other woods for building or manufacturing purposes. All wood is thoroughly seasoned before delivery, and in the conduct of his extensive business the very best of order and system is shown. Mr. Budlong is well known to the trade as an honorable, liberal and conscientious business man. He is a good type of the prosperous New York merchant, who owes his success in life to his own'individual efforts, and who, appreciating the fact that his own was a modest beginning, is ever ready to extend a helping hand to those who have not yet attained an influential position. Whether in his handsomely appointed office or in the midst of the social circle, Mr. Budlong is ever the same genial, large-hearted gentleman. By years of patient industry, guided by strict integrity and sound commercial principles, he has won his way into the front rank of our most substantial and representative merchants. 254 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 255~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Place, where it waslocated for several years, afterwards it was moved up-town, and has been at the present lo cation for two years. The proprietor s have every facil ity for executing the largest orders, and in th e bus y season employ a large for ce of skilled workmen. The cap trimmings, etc., made at this establishment are un excelled for beauty and originality of design, superior ity of workmanship and finish. The y have a standard reputation in the trade, a nd are shipped all over the United States and Canada. The firm of E. Mattes & Son, has always maintained an excellent reputation. Albert W. HNale, C ivil and Mi ning Eng ineer, No. 1 Broadway.-The rapid growth of the wealth and popu lation of the United States during the last qua r ter of a century, has caused a demand for public works requir ing the highest qualities of engineering talent and skill. The professional talent of the country has fully kept pace with this demand. In the list of those who have attained success in this direction is Mr. Albert W. Hale, the widely known civil and mining engineer, No. 1 Broadway. Mr. Hale graduated from Columbia College, New York, in 1853, and obtained the degree of E. M. from the same institution in 1867. During a period of thirty years he has been engaged upon important public works, such as the New York State Canals, the New York Cen tral, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St Paul, and other railroads, bridges, river and harbor improvements, geo logical and mining surveys, &c., &c. He is a member of the Institute of Mining Engineers, and of the New York Academy of Sciences, and is highly esteemed among his fe.llow members in consequence of his ability and integ rity. He is a native of New York State, in the prime of life, and his skill and experience in the various depart ments of engineering render it for the interest of cor porations and companies to consult him, and from his carefully drawn plans and estimates to form an accurate idea of their undertakings and cost. The Warren Thread Company, Ezra M. Drake, Agent, No. 186 Church Street.-The Warren Thread Company is another opulent and representative Ameri can interest, and worthy of special and prominent mention in the pages of the present work. Beginning inquite a small way, this industry has, like many of our largest and most representative concerns, grown to become famous all over the world. Some four years ago the same became an incorporated company, and as such is under the direction and supervision of a num ber of gentlemen of high commercial and national standing. E. D. Jordan, of Jordan, Marsh & Co., is the honorable name of the president, the secretary and treasurer being Adrian Foot, Esq., with Robert Ruddy, superintendent. This eminent company either import direct or manufacture themselves all the yarns used by them, in the manifold varieties of threads made by them. These embrace for the most part threads suita ble for the manufacturers of garments and of boots and shoes. The Warren Thread Company make the most extensive line of these goods made in the United States, employing as many as four hundred hands in their various manufacturing departments. We may We may state for the interest and information of consumers that the Warren Thread Company make and keep constantly in stock of these goods 2 cord, 3 cord, 4 cord and 6 cord, in 100 yards, 200 yards, 500 yards, 1200 yards, 2400 yards andl D. bobbins. The New York officess and salesrooms are located at No. 186 Church street, in very eligible and convenient premises. in the centre of the dry goods interests, and are under the efficient management and control of Mr. Ezra M. Drake. who has exclusive control of the New York agency, and to whose indefatigable energy may be traced much of the company's popularity in this important trading centre. N. Le Brun & Son, Architects, No. 24 Park Place. -In New York, while there is room for many new ar chitectural features of beauty, there are several mas ters of their profession, whose admirable designs are tast raising the metropolis from its former indifferent state. Such a firm of architects is that of Messrs. N. Le Brun & Son. This business was originally founded in Philadelphia, in 1842, by Napoleon Le Brun, the se nior partner, and was conducted by him with great suc cess, till after 1862, when he removed to New York, and admitted his son into partnership in 1879, the firm being now known by the style and title of Messrs. N. Le Brun & Son. The house has acquired the very highest reputa tion for the beauty and reliability of its plans and de signs, and during their long career, Messrs. Le Brun & Son, have successfully executed some of the most im portant undertakings in this city and Philadelphia. The following are among the numerous buildings erected from the designs and under the supervision of the se nior member of the firm, viz: In Philadelphia,-the Cathedral of S. S. Peter and Paul; the celebrated "American Academy of Music"; the 7th Presbyterian Church; St. Augustine's Church; the P. E. Church of the Nativity; office building and stores of the Girard estates, and the Schuylkill County Prison, at Pottsville, Pa.; and in New York city by the present firm,-the Masonic Temple, 23rd street and Sixth avenue; the New York Foundling Asylum; St. Aknn's Church, 12th street; Church of the Epiphany, 2nd avenue; St. John Baptist's Church, 30th street; St. Elizabeth's Church, Washington Heights; Church of the Sacred Heart, 51st street; the 23rd Street Baptist Church; the new build ings of the New York Fire Department, Headquarters of the Life Savings Corps and Duplicate Fire Telegraph, &c.; buildings for the New York Department of Chari ties and Correction; the Mammoth Hotel at ljkaway, and many dwellings, office buildings, stores, &c. Mr. N. Le Brun is a member and trustee of the American Institute of Architects and of its New York Chapter, which latter institution is represented by him in the Board of Examiners in the Building Bureau. His son is also a member of the Institute and Chapter. Under the direction of a Commission appointed by the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, con sisting of Messrs. N. Le Brun, A. J. Bloor and Emlen T. Littell, and fo.med in compliance with the last will of the late Levi fale Willard (died March 23rd, 1883,) who left about $80,000 for the purpose of forming a collection of architectural models and examples for deposit and exhibition in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the junior member of the firm, Mr. Pierre L. Le Brun, has been entrusted with the selection and purchase of said collection. In fact, Mr. Willard, who was a great amateur of architecture, directed in his will that Napoleon Le Brun should be one of the commission, and that P. L. Le Brun (who is an accomplished student of architecture in all its phases and epochs) be empowered to make the collection, as he had personally instructed him in the detail of his wishes and intentions in the matter. The firm transacts a general line of business, including all branches of the profession and possesses elegant and commodious offices, connected with which are spaciousand well lighted draughting rooms,'where a force of able and efficient assistants is employed in the preparation of plans and designs. They are at all times prepared to give estimates, and furnish plans to meet the views of those intending to build. The senior member also attends to consultations. The members of this co-partnership, Messrs. N. and P. L. Le Brun, are held in the highest estimation by the community, for their ability and integrity. E. Oattes & Son, Manufacturers of Cap Trim~mings, Resorte Hat Wires and Hat Ventilators, No. 129 Prince 8treet.-This business was founded in 1860, at Battery NEW YORKIS LEA-DING INDUSTRIES. 255 256 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ J. Winterbottom & Sons, Funeral Directors, No. 638 Sixth Avenue.-There is no profession or calling requiring a more thorough know ledge of detail than that ol a funeral director o r undertaker. InthecityofNew York thereare any firms engaged in tha i s business among whom may be mentioned th e well-known and highly reputable house of J. Winterbottom & Sons, which was establis hed as far back as 1849. The warerooms and offie s are at present located at 194 and 196 Spring street and 638 Sixth Avenue, telephone call being " Spring" 272 for the former and 39th, 399 for the latter. The extensive stables of the firm are situated at Nos. 96, 98 and 100 Sullivan street, and are a model of neatness, cleanliness and perfect arrangement. The offices are most eligibly located for the prompt transaction of every duty entrusted to them. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. J., T. W. and J. E. Winterbottom. Although not sectarian in their business, their clientage is principally with Protestants. The firm possesses every facility and improved appliances for the preservation, embalming or otherwise of the dead. A large and complete stock of coffins, caskets, corpse preservers of all grades, qualities and prices are furnished at a moment's notice. The long and successful career o this old established house and its constantly increasing patronage is sufficient evidence of the members, popularity as funeral directors and furnishing undertakers. In conclusion we may say that the Sixth Avenue brane which we have before mentioned was opened for the accommodation of their up-town custom on May 1st, of the present year, and is in charge of Mr. J. E. Winterbottom, who resides on the premises, and is availabl for duty night or day. S. G. Hull & Son, Manufacturers of Window Shades, Paper Hangings, etc., No. SR Hudson Street.-The well-known and poplar establishment of Messrs. S. G. Hull & Son, for a od of rty years has been promine17 bW UtlU publi. The business was orignaly etbhed bythe Or of the head of the present firm, Mr. J. Hull, in the year 1835, and has always been located on the pbeent site, although the buildn now occupied b e aratively new, having been erected about eightem years ago. Mr. S. G. Hull was ed in the businem with his father, and upon his soceemion to the bunsiness some twenty-fve years sinee, the valuable experience thus gained proved of great benefit, and aided materially in his successful continuance of the enterprise. The store is a finely appointed and well lighted apartment, 20x80 feet in dimensions, and eqpped in a manner eminently adapted to an attractive display of goods. A well selected and complete assortment of window furnishings and paper hangings is kept constantly in stock, and partieular attention is paid to fine painting and kalsomining. The members of the present firm are Messrs. 8. G. and W. S. Hull, the litter, admitted two years since, being a son of the senior partner, and representing the third generation in consecutive proprietorship. the large three-story brick building at No.129 Division Chr istie & Dykes, Carpenters and Builders, Nos. 148 and 15l West 29th Street.-Messrs. Robert Christie and Willnm Dykes,the gentlemen composing the above firm, have been established in business since 1867, and have always occupied the shops, Nos. 148 and 150 West 29th street, between Sixth and Seventh Avenues. They are thoroughly practical men to the business, and have every facility and convenience at their shops for attending to all orders promptly and with dispatch. They furnish estimates and plans and specifications, and make contracts for dwellings and buildings of all kinds, and also for alterations and general jobbing in the line that properly belongs to the carpenter and builder. They guarantee everything done by them to be performed in the best manner, and to give satisfaction as regards durability and price. They have an excellent patronage and furnish constant employment to a large force of skilled mechanics. Among the buildings put up by them in New York this firm planned and erected the Church of the Disciples of Christ, West 56th street, between Eighth and Ninth Avenues, and several other tasteful sacred and business edifices in various parts of the city, Crandall & Co., Manufacturers of Patent Baby Carriages, Pant Spring Horses and Patent Shoo-Fly Horses, Doll Carriages, Wagons, Car, Sleighs, &c., No. 59 Third Avenue.-This is the oldest established firm in the busine, ana was founded in 1844, by the father of the present manager. For a period of forty years thi house has been successfully carried on and it has aquired a high reputation, as well as a most extensive paronag. They are located at No. 69 Third Avenue, convenient to the principal railroad depots and ferries of our city, Brooklyn and Jersey City. They manufacture sveral styles of carriages known to the trade as the rat, cane, slat body, English Canopy and twin Windsor, ranging in prices from $5.50 to $50.00. The ratan carriage is the finest as well as the most durable they make, and made to order with square shave spokes, silver plated springs and axles, lined with the best furniture satin or damask, handsomely rolled and puffed, silk parasol and ribbons to match, is a perfect gem. They also manufacture the tally-ho sulkey, dexter rockers, team or shoo-fly horse, single horse gig rockers, hand propellers, boys' three wheeled velocipedes, doll carriages, wagons, carts, sleighs, &o. It is an extensive establishment, and gives employment to a large number of workmen. Their trade extends all over the country, and their manufactures are recognized as the best in the market. They received the Centennial and several other awards for their manufactures. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 1 256 it. 0. P-Ogors, Fancy Goods,No. 2326 Fourth AvenueAmong the well-known fancy goods establishments of uptown, that of Mr. R. 0. Rogers of No. 2326 Fourth Avenue, has already taken a leading place. Mr. Rogers' store is very neatly fitted up, while the Ltock is very extensive, embracing every variety of fancy goods, including laces, triTnMiD ribbons, satins, fancy buttons, hosiery, underwear, scarfs, ties, novelties, ornaments which have been very carefully selected and purchased direct from the leading importers and manufacturers. New goods are being constantly received of the latest and most fashionable styles, the prices being as moderate as those offered by any similar first-clus store in the city. Mr. Rogers, who is a native New Yorker, Is a gentleman of large experience, excellent taste, good judgment and very fully deserves the very liberal patronage he enjoys. 'NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. BWm. S511, Sewing Machine Agency, No. 31 Avenue B.-Mr. Sol11 has been established in this line for the past fifteen years, four of which he has been at his present location. He is agent for the wor ld famed Hou sehold and the ligh t running New Home Sewing Machine. These machines embody every desirable quality and have won the admiration of all who have used them. Mr. S511 carries a large and well selected assortment of these machines, which he sells at the very lowest prices and upon the most reasonable terms. He also exchanges, rents and repairs machines. He is the agent for the Universal Fashion Company's perfect fitting patterns, and has a full assortment of their patterns on hand. This department is under the management of Mrs. Sl11, who is a thoroughly capable lady. Mir. So$1 was born in Germany and came to this country about 18 years ago. Bennett BoardingStables, A. S. Bennett, Proprietor,Nos. 221 and 223 West 58th Street. —Among the popular representative business men of this section of New York City, there are none enjoying a better reputation than A. S. Bennett Esq., proprietor of the well known and popular Bennett boarding stables, which are located at Nos. 221 and 223 West 58th street, near Broadway. Th is gentleman ha s h ad a n experience of more than twenty-five years in the business, and for A. Bennett, Window Glass, Picture Frames, &c.,No. 497 North Third Avenue.-This business dates its establishment back to 1874, and the s u c cess that has been achieved by its proprietor, is due to his constant and diligent work and untiring energy. Mr. Bennett is a native of Poland where he was born in 1849. He came to New Yor k in 1868, and e mba rked in business in 1874. His stock consists of all kinds of French and American window glass, picture glass; he also deals in pictures, and picture frames, which latter article he makes to order in any variety or style. His store is fitted up very neatly, and is provided with all the neccessary conveniences. He is enabled to furnish window glass in any quantities and, at the lowest figures, as he is a very large buyer and only deals with the importers and manufacturers, thereby procuring his goods at the lowest possible figures and selling them at prices which defy competition. the past three years has been located as above. He has in his charge some very valuable animals, and has been universally commended for the way in which he looks after all that are placed in his care. He makes a specialty of attending to road horses, keeping them always in first-class condition. Horses are taken to board by the day, week or month on reasonable terms, and experienced grooms are always in attendance. The stables are well ventilated, are kept in the most cleanlymanner, and can accommodate some 125 animals. In connection with the boarding business, Mr. Bennett has also a blacksmith shop at No. 229 East 58th street. Mr. Bennett is a member of the Gentlemen's Driving Club, and is well-known throughout the city, as a prompt, reliable business man. Edward L. Smith, Furnishing Undertaker, No. 1190 Third Avenue.-Prominent among those engaged in this business on Third avenue is Mr. Edward L. Smith, a gentleman practically experienced in every detail of his profession and noted for his-skillful and satisfactory performance of all duties devolving upon hilm. He takes the entire charge of funerals, providing every requisite from the casket and mourning badges up to providing hearse and coaches, and opening the grave, etc. His wide experience and moderate charges, liberality and honor render him one of the most popular members of the profession and he has developed a widespread and strictly first class connection. Mr. Smith is prepared to furnish coffins and caskets of all sizes and qualities, which he offers at prices which come within the reach of all, while every facility is afforded for the due and decorous performance of the last offices to the dead. Mr. Smith has long been a respected resident of this city, and is the popular sexton of St. James' Episcopal Church, ably and faithfully performing the responsible duties devolving upon him, and has won the esteem and commendation of all with whom he has business or social relations, and well deserves the large measure of success which has attended his exertions. A. 11. Vitchell & Bro., Dealers in Flour, Grain, Meal, etc., No. 492, Southern Boulevard.-An influential firm engaged in the flour and feed trade is that of Messrs. A. H. Mitchell & Bro. No., 492 Southern Boulevard, near North Third Avenue, which was established during 1884, by the senior member, who had previously for many years been co-partner in the house of Bowne & Mitchell. The stock handled consists of flour, grain, meal, feed, hay, potatoes, and country produce generally, and the facilities of the firm are such that in all cases they are enabled to meet the demands of their customers. Besides the above named goods, the house deals in country produce, and is daily in receipt of consignments from the best producing districts of the country. Mr. A. H. Mitchell is a native of Queen's County, Long Island, and has resided in this city for the last thirty years. He is highly esteemed in social and commercial life for his many sterling qualities. Charle s Biennett, Provi sions, No. 196 Avenue B.Among the representative and leading establishments in this vicinity engaged in the sale of provisions, is that of Mr. Charles Bennett. He is a young man and a native of New York. His store is fairly commodious, and the arrangements inside are well suited to a proper conduet of this business. The stock comprises full lines of ham, tongue, bacon, fresh and corned beef, pork, lard, sausages, and all other articles belonging to this line. The business is conducted wholesale and retail, and a large trade is done. This business has been in existence twenty years, and is now firmly established in the favor of the public residing in this vicinity, who appreciate its high class character. 257 'Louis -G. Destremps9 Carpenter and Builder, No. 311 West 125th Street.-Mr. I)estremps has for years been engaged as a builder at the above address, where he occupies a building having dimensions of twenty-five by one hundred feet, with two floors. Constant employment is furnished to from ten to fifteen mechanics and a greater number whenever the demands calls for an increase. Estimates are made and plans r cons ction drawn on short notice. All necessary material are furnished which will be of the best quality agreed upon, and buildings are erected in pursuance of such estimates and plans within the time specified. Mr. Destremps has had a long experience in this line of business and understands his profession in every detail and is doing a large and steadily growing, trade. He is a, native of Canada, has been in the United States many years and is well known in building circles where he occupies a high place and enjoys great respect. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES.' The Albany Lubricating Compound and Cup Co., Adam Cook, Proprietor, No. 313 West Street.Among the many thriving establishments doing business in New York is the Albany Lubricating Compound and Cup Company, of which Mr. Adam Cook is the pro. prietor. This business was established in 1868 at Albany, Oh. M. Peck & Co.'s Insurance Agency, No. 60 Liberty Street.-Many of the insurance agencies of this city are extensive institutions, and exert a very important influence on the prosperity and advancement of this great celitre. Standingwith the foremost and far ahead of the larger number of agencies is the old established and well known house of Charles M. Peck & Co., whose handsome offices are at No. 60 Liberty street. This business was founded over a quarter of a century ago by Elisha Peck, father of the present proprietors, and from a small beginning has grown to be one of the most successful and important in the country. They represent only the staunchestand most reliable companies among which are The Mechanics Insurance Company of Pennsylvania, The City of London Flre Insurance Company, Fire Association of Philadelphia, The United Fireman's Association of Philadelphia, and Reliance Insurance Company of Philadelphia. Messrs. Chas. M. Peck & Co. have every Jacility for placing risks under the most favorable auspices. Mr. Peck, thesenior memberof the firm, is one.of the most popular and widely known men in insurance circles. His partner, Mr. William S. Banta, has had ample experience. Both gentlemen are highly esteemed for the honorable, straight-forwardmanner in which they have always conducted their extensive businom. and has been carried on in this city since 1870. The premises occupied at No. 313 West street are spacious and equipped with all the necessary machinery and appliances for the m anufacture of lubricati ng compound and cups. The pr oducts of this esta blishment have a t-. tained a national reputation, and are in use throughout the United States. The compounds and cups manufactured br this company are the only genuine and reliable ones in the market, being protected by patents issued to the proprietor, and are guaranteed to produce a saving of eighty per cent. over any other cups or oil in existence. Mr. Cook is a native of Germany, arriving in this country at the age of six years, and is now fiftyeight years old. He began his career in a modest way, but by industry, energy and honorable business meth. ods he has built up a large and profitable concern. He has held the office of alderman and police commissioner in Albany, and discharged the duties of the same in the most satisfactory manner. Femderick Ackerman, Steam Carpet Cleaning and Feather Renovating Works, No. 133 West Thirty-second Mreet.-A leading establishment in this line is that of Mr. Frederick Ackerman which is located at No. 18= West Thirty-second street. This business was founded in 1862, and has occupied the present new and commodious premises Zor the past two years. The works are supplied with steam power and fittedupwith all the most improved labor saving machinery and appliances. Mr. Ackerman makes the scouring of carpets a specialty and has facilities which enables him to execute all orders in the most thorough manner. He offers special inducements to churches, seminaries, schools, art galleries, hotels, steamboats and clubs, the carpets of which can be cleaned to look as good as new,without ripping or in the least injuring the finest fabric. Another feature of this establishment is the steam feather, hair, and furniture renovators which clean any of these articles in a thorough manner. This is the oldest and most reliable house in the business, and counts among its patrons many of the leading families of aristocratic New York. L. & J. Oakley, Manufacturers of King, Queen and Laundry Soaps, Geo. H. Conant, Agent, No. 44 Murray Street.-In such an article of prime necessity as soap, purity and quality are of the greatest possible importance. These a re the special features which distinguish the prominent house of Me s srs. L. & J. Oakley, successors to Jesse Oakley & Co., and manufacturers of King, Queen and Laundry Soaps, wh o ha ve their New York offic es at No. 44 Murray street. The busines s war fo un ded many years ago,andthe fdrm's factor y, whict s i uat a r h N is s ituated at Newburgh, N.Y., is equipped with every modern appliance and facility, and affords employment t o a l arge force of operatives in the production of fine toilet and laundry soaps. The well-known soaps manufactured by this fArm are the King, Queen and Magical Detersive Standard Soaps, and Extra Anchor brand, Puri t an, Household, and Oakley's other brands of laundry soaps, which are unrivalled for their disinfectant purposes, as a protection against cholera and other diseases. Mr. George H. Conant, the New York manager,is likewise agent for the C.McKeon & Son Soap Manufacturing Company, whose productions are highly esteemed for their purity and excellence. The trade in Oakley's Soaps extends all over the United States and Canada, and a large export trade has already been established with Mexico, the West Indies, South America and Australia. H. Michael, Dealer in Fine Groceries, Teas, Coffees. Sugars, Spices, etc., No. 155 East 59th Street, between Lexington and Third Avenues.-Among the popular grocers of this section of the city there are none enjoying a better reputation than Mr. H. Michael, No. 155 East 59th street, between Lexington and Third avenues. This business was established by Mr. Michael in 1859, and since its inception, at that period, has obtained a permanent and influential patronage. The store is well fitted and admirably arranged and provided with every convenience for business purposes, and contains the finest lines of choice, fancy and staple groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, canned goods of every description, condiment s an d tabl e d elicacies; as also fresh produce of every kind. In the stock will be -found some of the purest and best teas and coffees brought into this country, and as Mr. Michael possesses unsurpassed facilities for procuring his supplies direct, he can offer inducements in quality and prices that cannot readily be obtained elsewhere. Popular prices prevail, polite and attentive assistants serve customers efficiently and promptly. Personally, Mr. Michael is greatly respected by the community for his kind and courteous manners and sterling integrity, and justly merits the success at. tained by his perseverance and enterprise. w NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. . J6seph Seatch & Son, Opera Stables,No. 44 to52 East I Thirty-second Street-The Opera Stables from their very inception have occupied a leading position and are now I well known for their superior managment and the fine a equipages and horses they have for rent. They are among the finest and largest in the city and are well patronized. The business was established by Mr. Joseph Seaich over thirty-five years ago and the present firm was formed in 1876, when he admitted his son, W. H. Seaich to an interestinthe business. Twenty-five years ago they removed to their present location, where they have ample accommodations for about 150 horses. As boarding stables these are the best in the city; the ceil ings are high, being fifteen feet and the whole building is thoroughly ventilated and provided with every com fort and convenience for the horses which receive the best attention from experienced grooms. William H. Hofrman, Manufacturer of Awnings, Tents, Flags,&e., No. 150 West Broadway.-Thisbusiness has been established since 1870, and has been at the above location four years. Mr. Hoffmanhas ample facili ties for the manufacture of awnings, tents, flags, hammocks, canvas and black painted horse, cart and truck covers, and other specialties in the line. The very best materials only are used, and the workmanship is unexcelled for durability and finish. Mr. Hoffman gives personal supervision to all work, and being prompt and reliable in all transactions, he always gives satisfaction, and is highly endorsed by those who have engaged his services, among whom are the following well known business establishments: Hotel Vendome, Fortieth street and Broadway, Greenwich Bank, Sixth Avenue, New York Stock Company, Broad street, and many others. He also makes a specialty of taking down awnings and storing them for the winter. Mr. Hoffman is a native of Germany and has been a resident of this city for many years. S. B. Reed, Architect, No. 245 Broadway.-With th increase of wealth and populat ion both in town an country, a -pressin g demand has a rise n for a class c archit ecture of t he highest order, which w ehi le grate and pleasin g to the eye, will afford ample scope for th design er to embody every requirement in the interio plans of the structure. The moder n practical schi o f architecture as directly adapt ed w ith numero f modifications to suity the demand of the America publ ic is well exemplified in th e professional carder o Mr. S. B. Reed, o ne of the most widely known and successful architects of the metropolis. Mr. Reed is n ativ e of New Y ork, who early in life manifested al ap titude for architecture, and has now been establishew i n the practice of his profession for a term of upwar of thirty years. Dur ing the long intervening period h e has execu ted many imp ortant commissions for ou leading citizens and has achieved the highest reputa tion as an original and effective designer of plans. Hd is the most w idely known ar chitect in the United States being the a utho r of those eminently successful and usefu books, "House Plans for Everybody," "Cottage Houses,, "Dwellin gs f or V ill ag e and C oun try," and "Buildings Public and P rivate," w hich a re got up in first-class style, handsom ely illustrated, and havey ilt rte, h ae proved prac tical wor king gui des in the e rection of many ca pacious, convenient and architecturally ornamental houses at a moderate cost. Mr. Reed's literary abili ties are of a high order, as evidenced in his valued contributions to the leading architecturals journals of America, while in the practice of his profession he stands second to none, and has developed a connection of a very superior character, designing and supervising the construction of modern city and country mansions, villas, seaside and country cottages, hotels, &c., while he has built a number of churches and public school buildings throughout the United States, among which we might mention the beautiful Bloomingdale Reformed Church in New York city, the Episcopal Church at King George, Virginia, and many others. Mr. Reed is highly esteemed in social and professional circles for his honorable methods and sterling integrity, and is fully prepared with all the necessary facilities to exe cute any Architectural undertaking, not only promptly but with that intelligent apprehension of the beautiful and the practical in those pleasing combinations, which render his services so highly appreciated. Henry Christie, Carpenter and Builder, No. 135 West Twenty-fourth Street.-This gentleman has been actively engaged as carpenter and builder for the past forty years, and has occupied his present location about four years. Mr. Christie is a practical workman and during his busy career he has executed many large contracts in the most satisfactory manner. He employs only the best and most experienced workmen and all orders entrusted to his care are performed:in a thorough manner. By years of energetic work coupled with straightforward business methods Mr. Christie has built up a prosperous and permanent trade. He resides in Hackensack N. J., where he is esteemed as an honorable and public spirited citizen. Charles Schmid, Wood Turning and Sawing, No. 256 West 28th Street.-Mr. Schmid has been established in this business for the past ten years, nine of which he has occupied his present location. His factory is equipped with the most improved tools and machinery for band, scroll and circular sawing and turning. All kinds of fancy wood work is made in the best and most artistic style. Mr. Schmid is a practical workman, and has had many years experience. He has every facility for executing the largest orders in the promptest and most reliable manner and satisfaction can in every respear be depended on by his customers. I. Friedlander, Wholesale and Retail Millinery, Nos. 11 and 11Y Division Street.-Mr. I. Friedlander occupies spacious and handsomely fitted up premises at 11 and 11y Division street, and has been established in this trade for the past seven years. His stock embraces the fashionable novelties in French millinery goods, ribbons, silks, ornaments, feathers, plumes, also an elegant assortment of trimmed bonnets and hats. Mr. Friedlander does a large wholesale trade, and makes a specialty of supplying country milliners with pattern bonnets, etc. His establishment is a scene of busy activity, and requires a large force of hands to keep up with the demandfor his goods. He was born in Germany, and came to this city about fifteen years ago. He has had a very successful career, and is in every respect an honorabl e a nd reliable business man. Charles Shuen, German Apothecariy,Third Avenue, bet. 143rd and 144th Streets.-This house was originally established by Mr. A. Udel, many years ago, who carried it on till 1874, when the present proprietor succeed. ed to the business. Mr. Charles Khuen is a thoroughly educated druggist, having graduated in Austria, and gives his personal attention to the compounding of physcians' prescriptions and family recipes,which is always done in a prompt, accurate and satisfactory manner, from pure, fresh drugs. In the store will always be found a complete assortment of chemicals and drugs, and all the leading proprietary medicines of well known merit, also perfume extracts and toilet articles. Popularprices prevail, andas these goods have been purchased direct from the leading manufacturers aad importers, Mr. Khuen is able to offer unsurpassed advantages to his customers. He is a native of Tlvol, and graduated in Vienna in 1865, and arrived in this country in 1868. 259' 0 ::::.:1: '0 NWYRSLEDNINSRIS equal those of any stable in the city. Mr. Kelly is considered a high authority in horse affairs, and like many in the business has a strong attachment for the animals under his care. a. a. Duckc, Achitect, No. 42 Exchange Place.-The rapid growth and development of New York have been favorable to the construction of substantial and handsme private and public buildings. Though no recog d style of architecture has been rigidly followed, the advantages and beauties of the Greelan, IRoman, Corinthian and Gothic have been adopted by our architects, and a system has grown up not referable to any particular period, but a combination of many, which may be described distinctively as American. ln relaton with these comments the attention of our readers is directed to the architectural estab/ishment of Mr. a. 0. Back, whose offices and draughting rooms are conently located at No. 42 Exchange Place. He it onenoed the practice of his profession about fifteen rs ago, and has built up a reputtion of the highest character, alike as an honorable business man, and an able and reliable architect. Proofs of Mr. Buck's skill and capacity are so numerous, a exemplified in the many edifices he has erected in all parts of the metropols and its vicinity, that A Is unnecessa ry to recapitulate them in this short sketch. Mr. Buck devotes all his energies to his favorite profession. He employs a full force of experienced draughtsmen, and his plans and designs are complete and accurate in every detail, while his estimates and calculations are based on the most practical and comprehensive knowledge of quantithc and values. Mr. Buck is a native of New York and is spoken of in the highest terms in social and profamional circles. The RIntoul Brewery, corner of 87th Street and Fourth Avenue.-Among the energetic and enterprising of the business men of the go-ahead city of New York, in this generation of keen competition, is John Rintoul, brewer, corner of Eighty-seventh'street and Fourth, or as it is now better known Park aven. Mr. Rintoul purchased the business from its founder, J. M. Menger in 1879, and under his able management it has progressed slowly but surely and steadily until now by fair dint of perseverance, mcapacity and business integrity, he has gained for it an honorable plae among our metropolitan breweries, and at the same time has caused the article he manufactures with so much skill to be widely and favorably known even beyond the city. Although the establishment is twenty years old, it is only since Mr. Rintoul obtained possession that it has taken an upward spring. Mr. Rintoul takes pride to himself in being one of the very few native New Yorkers of other than German nationality who have gone into the manufacture of lager beer only and conducted it successfully. Personally Mr. Rintoul is held in high esteem, as well on account of his character for probity and ability as from his urbane nature, fine appearance and gentlemanly manners. He is of Scotch extraction. His father was born in the Highlands and was connected by birth and marriage with some of its most ancient families. M!cBride & Fry, General Printers, Nos. 26 and 28 Vesey Street.-Prominent among the leading establishments which maintain an excellent reputation for firstclass printing is that of Messrs. McBride & Fry, who occupy the spacious premises,Nos. 26 and 28 Vesey street. This business was established in 1866 under the firm name of O'Sullivan & McBride, and continued for some years, and until changed to the present co-partnership. Both members of the firm are practical workmen and thoroughly understand the business in its every detail. Their establishment is equipped with all the most modern types and presse, which afford every facility for executing the largest orders in the most artistic manner. They make a specialty of commercial work and also handle stationery, blank books, and lithographing, and in the busy season they employ about twenty-five men. Their patronage is drawn from the leading meratile houses who find their work firstcalass, while the prices are'moderate, and consistent with square dealing. Mr. Robert McBride and Mr. Edward Fry, Jr., are both well known to the trade as reliable, prompt, and energetic business men, and they are highly esteemed by all with whom they have bad dealings. Charles J.:.ickmann, Grocer, No. 286 First Avenue.-Mr. Charles J. Bickmann has been established in this line for the last seven years a nd is regarded as doing as vne a business as any o f hi s c omp etitors on the Avenue. The stock carried is selected with th e greatest care. Both sta ple and fancy art icles are handled and everything sold may be relied upon to be strictly as represented. Canned goods, potted meats, jellies, condiments, conserves and other luxuries are here to be seen in great profusion and variety, and no pains or expense are spared to have this store considered one of the leading grocery emporiums in this portion of the metropolis. Mr. Bickmann employs many assistants, delivering goods to any part of the city free of charge and placing his prices down as low as any dealer is justified in doing. Mr. Bickmann is a German by birth, and is popular in his community, both as a merchant and a citizen. }rank B. Hedenberg, Manufacturer of Opaque and Holland Window Shades, and Patent Fixtures, eta, No. 300 Broadway.-Without fear of denial it may safely be asserted, that no protection from the sun far windows has been invented so attractive, neat and tasteful as opaque and Holland window shades, articles that appear equally useful in stores, offices, and dwellItngs. Various have been the devices to substitute something of less original cost, but hitherto without avail, and their manufacture has for many yeaw been a steady industry. A prominent house e~6~ed in this trade is that of Mr. Frank B. Hedenberg No. SW Broadway, hich was established several years ago by the present proprietor. Mr. Hedenberg, m anufa ctures all kinds of opaque and Holland window gaes and patent fixtures for stores and dwellings, and to manufacturer's agent for wire screens, mosquito c iopies, and ale executes lettering and designing to order. Special altantion is given to the filling of orders for private parties, etc., as well as the fitting up of fts and apartments in any style desired. Estimates aro cheerfully furnished and satisfaction in all cases guaranteed. Mr. Hedenberg's skill in the manufacture of window shades is unsurpassed, and his work is equal to anythng at home or abroad. James Kelly, Livery and Boarding Stable, No. 363 West 42nd Street.-Prominent amng the gentlemen conducting this important branch of business in this section of the city is Mr. James Kelly, or No. 363 West 42nd street. Mr. Kelly was born in New York, and has beenengaged in business for upwards of twenty years, occupying his present commodious and well arranged premises since May last. Prior to that time he was for fourteen years located at 37th street, between Eighth and Ninth avenues. His stables are substantially constructed, well ventilated and lighted and provided with drainage arrangedonsanitaryprinciples. Every attention is given by careful grooms to the care and welare of the stock. Mr. Kelly carries on a general stabling busines,boarding horses,and keeping on hand a fine lae o handsome coaches, landaus, coupes, etc., which are modern in style and appearance. His horses which are In charge of competent and experienced drivers, 200 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. . 0 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRS. 261 Horse Car Line, an office which he held to the entire satisfaction of the stockholders. He now controls one of the most prosperous sales stables in the country. He is an enterprising business man and is highly esteemed in private life, as an honorable, liberal and public-spirited citizen. John Creeden, Sanitary rlumber, Steals, and Gas Fittr, No. 384 Canal Street, Southeast corner West Broadway.-It is now fifteen years since Mr. John Murphy established the plumbing business at the address above indicated, and it is during the last seven years that Mr. J. Creeden has been the proprietor. He is a thoroughly practical and experienced sanitary plumber, fully competent and ready to fill all orders in every department of this business. Mr. Creden devotes the closest attention to the sanitary require inents of house and office plumbing, and every modern improvement of any value is utilized to effectually exclude sewer gas, and its concomitant train of evils. The proprietor is a conscientious and reliable tradesman, sparing no pains in the performance of his duty, and performing that substantial honest work, which endures and is its own best advertisement. All orders for jobbing are promptly attended to, and Mr. Creeden is noted for great energy and enterprise, everything in the way of plumbing, ventilating, steam and gas fitting is done, contracts are entered into, and the complete fitting up of buildings of all kinds is satisfactorily executed. He is a native of Ireland, but has been a permanent resident here for the last th'rty years. J. H. Rothman ii, Dealer in Butter, Cheese, Eggs, Lard, etc., No. 564 Eleventh Avenue.-Mr. Rothmann established this business some eight years ago and has since that date built up a large and permanent trade by far the best and most important of its kind in this section, and has been located in his present commodious store for the last three years. It is 20x50 feet in dimensions, handsomely fitted up, and contains a choice and ample stock, selected by the proprietor. He deals only in pure and reliable goods, and his butter and cheese have met the warmest approval of his numerous c ustom ers. Special arrangements are made by him to secure the best of everything in his line, including strictly fresh eggs, and in consequence of the unsurpassed quality of his goods he has built up a trade of considerable proportions. The equitable manner in which the business has been conducted, as well as the admirabl, quality and reliability of his stock are guarantees sufficiently obvious why families and large buyers would do well to place their orders with this house. B. Welskopf, Manufacturer of Optical Lenses, N. H. R. R. Building, Franklin Street.-There is no branch of the mechanical arts which requires such a thorough knowledge of the trade, as that of optical lense maker, and among the leading representatives of this important industry, who have gained an excellent reputation for firstclass work is Mr. E. Weiskopf who is locat ed i n the New Haven Depot building on the Franklin street side. He was bor n in German y wh ere he learned hli trade and in 1848 he came to America, establishing himself in business in 159, at No. 39 Greene and moving to his present more commodis location in Mayl882. Mr. Weiskopf possesses ample facilities for manufacturing on a large scale. He is an expert workman himself and employs only the most experienced hands. In the manufacture of optical lenses of all kinds he has no superior in the city, and this fact is evinced by the large and permanent patronage he now enjoys. He is well known to the trade as an honorable, straightforward business man. T[Vhe New York Natatori-um and Physical Anddt,t.e, Henry Gebhard, Proprietor, corner 5th Avenue and 45th Street.-One of the most prominent establishments of any known in the city is the New York Natatorium and Physical Institute, which is easily accessible by the Fifth avenue stage and Madison and Sixth avenue cars, and also by both elevated roads. The building is new and the institution has for its object the attaining by scientific means and rational appliances of tine most desirable and beneficial modes of physical culture, the furnishing of safe and comfortable facilities for acquiring the useful and important art of swimming, and also of offering, during the winter months, a well appointed gymnasium with all modern and usetul apparatus, and a hall for tennis, calisthenics, etc., for the improvement of the health and physical condition of its patrons. One of its features will be to extend its advantages more particularly to the ladies' and childrens' departmnents, under the management of thoroughly educated and competent instructors both male and female. Mr. Gebhliard has been engaged as above for about thirty-two years, and has occupied his present building since 1879. He has a branch establishment at Newport, R. I. James Black, Umbrella Malker, No. 167 East 56th Street, corner Third Avenue.-This house was established in 1876, and since its foundation has always enjoyed a liberal patronage. The premises occupied are very convenient and spacious, and the stock carried is first-clas s in every particular, and comprises an excellent assortment of umbrellas. parasols, canes of all sorts and sizes, which are offered to customers at the lowest possible prices. Repairing, recovering and mounting are executed at the shortest notice in the best possible manner. The goods in Mr. Black's stock ale unsurpassed for quality and elegance, his Lyon's parasols and umbrellas being unexcelled by Sny similar establishment. J. Wood's Gymnasium, No. 6 East 28th Street.Probably the best establishment of this kind in New York is the above which was first opened to the public by Mr. J. Wood, in 1S56, and from the very outset has been mofe than ordinarily successful and enjoyed a great popularity, The Gymnasium is conducted upon thie best and most scientific principles-asystem of gentle exercises being provided which calls every me cle into play and distributes the circulation to the t most and minute fibres, the regular exercises of the gymnasium being presided over by the principal and a competent assistant. Private instruction and spe. cial training intended for the reduction of corpuleney or those who have developed dyspeptic, gouty or apoplectic tendencies is also a prominent fee of tLhe routine pursued at the gymnasium. Boxing and fencing are also taught by well known profems of the arts. Those participating in the e r mte establishment have the privilege of a Turkish I, a luxury whict h w ivll be well appren by g Mr. Wood is hmWself an expert gymmit and _ fled to d-rect the e.qt.ibli.shmnent which goes under M Solomon M[ehrbach, Sale s Stable, Nos. 152 and 154 East Twenty-fourth Street.-Mr. Solomon Mehrbach has been suc cessfully engaged i n business since 1860. In' 1872 he was elect ed alderman a t large and at once went to work to fulfill the pl edges made to his constituents. Ie wvas the first alderman who undertook to fig!!t "iing rule," which he was largely instrumental In l!'eaktng up, thereby saving millions of dollars for the tax payers of Nevw York. Since thenl he has frequcul y beamnmed for more important elective honors, but these hM hi steadily refused preferring to devote his energies to the de,velopmelnt of his business. For Ave, years he was president of the Second Avenue ~ ~ ~ e~ NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRI.ES. 2.61 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. _____ New York lat and Duster Manuit o gCoe pary, M. Schleissner, Proprietor, No. 27 Walker Street -The New York Mat an d Duste r C ompan y became established here, as a manufactur ing house, some l r ive years a go. The pr oprietor of this industry is Mr. isM. Schleisser, a gentleman well and favorably known to many of our best merchant s in the metropolis. Through energy, zeal and undivided attention to psines, he has developed the same until to-day the New York Mat and Duster Manufacturing Company is the representative and leading concern in this line in the metropolis. Mr. Schletssner manufactures an extensive line of parlor and fancy carriage mats, dusters, lamp mats and afghans of all kinds. In their goods this house has for years taken great pains to bring the same to the highest plain of perfection, and to this end and purpose the greatest care and attention have been bestowed in the selection of the materials used for manufacturing purposes, so that no imperfect material should be used. The New York offices and salesrooms of this establishment, are situated at No. 27 Walker street, one door from Church, in very eligible and convenient quarters, where a heavy and diversified line of all their articles are all the time carried in stock, in such quantities, that they are able to fill the largest orders upon very short notice. The factory of this concern is located at West Farms, N. J., and is thoroughly modern in all the detail of construction, being supplied with steam power, and all the newest labor-saving machines, by which the price of their goods are reduced without any deterioration in the fabric of goods themselves. Personally the head of this establishment is a genial and affable merchant, well known in the business community of this city, and is well worthy of the success and prosperity which have followed his efforts in business. I. I~ loweay, Wholesale Dealer in Gentlemen's hwlry, Linen and Paper Collars and Cuffs, No. 38 vnard Street.-It is almost an invariable rule that In all great centres of business, there are certain houses In each line of trade that stand pre-eminent, and have by a cloe attention to the wants of their customers buflt up a liberal and permanent patronage. The homse of Mr. H. R. Halloway, No. 38 Lispenard street. wu founded by the present proprietor in 1869. Mi. Hallmsy deals extensively in all kinds of gentlemen's jewelry, linen and paper collars, cuffs etc., which are offered to the trade at the lowest possible prices, consistent with quality andelegance. The premises occupied are very commodious and are equipped with every appliance and fiullty for the accommodation and display of the valuable and varied stock. All goods are purchased direct from the principal manufacturers and the latest novelties in gentlemen's jewelry are obtained as soon as they are ready for the trade. With reference to prices, Mr. Halloway's establishment has long been considered by firstclass retailers and jobbers, as among the cheapest in the city at which to purchase these classes of articles. Mr. Halloway is a native of Pennsylvania but has done business in New York for the last seventeen years. He is greatly esteemed in mercantile life. Clark & Bird, Manufacturer of Marking Plates, No. 87 West Broadway.-The house now found doing business under the name of Clark & Bird succeeded about one year and a-half ago the old concern of John C. Bray, which began business here twelve years ago. They are manufacturers of stencils and markingplates,and supply many of our large manufacturing firms. In addition to stencils and marking plates they do a good trade in inks brushes, and rubber stamps. Messrs. E. H. Clark and a. E. Bird are young, active, business men. The busines has been in t he sae locality for twelve years and is familiarly known by all of its many patrons and down-town business houses. John i. Be cker, Manufactur er of Paper Boxes, No. 25 Great Jones Street.-This is one of the oldest paper box fapries in the United St ates, it having been conducted by Mr. William Strube until August Ist, 1884, at which time the present proprietor succeeded. The history of this old house goes back as far as the year 1851, when it was originally founded. Mr. Becker is a native of New York, and is an excellent representative of an active and enterprising business man. It can readily be seen how fruitful a field New York is with its great manufacturing industries, to support a business of this order. A general line of all kinds of plain and fancy paper boxes of all grades and sizes is tmured out, the trade for the greater part being supported by large manufacturing houses in the immete neighborhood. The premises occupied at the above number consist of four well adapted and arnged floors, each in dimensions 25x65 feet, giving employment to a large number ofhands. Mr. Becker is a gentleman highly regarded by all who Ptnw him, an hoest, upright merchant, and a loyal,!U)lic-spirited 0itizen. rJ. Goulding, Artificial Flowers and Feathers, etc., No. 603 Broadway.-This house has been established for over eighteen years, and is one of the solid representative institutions of the metropolis. Mr. Goulding is a large importer and manufacturer of French artificial flowers, ornaments, ostrich and fancy feathers,etc., and hlias a branch connection at No. 58 Rue des Petites zeries, Paris. The headquarters of the house were originally in Walker street, but for the past ten years they have been at their present location, No. 608 Broadway. The trade controlled is very large and is all first-class, and, aside from the extensive imports, a large number of hands are employed in manufacture. A number of salesmen are kept upon the road, and the handsome establishment requires the services of many assistants. Mr. Goulding is a shrewd, tactful, energetic busines man, and he stands high in the estimation of ommecial and social circles. W. H. Hobmg, Manu facueroi Ladiers Fine Shoes, No. 122 West 25th Street.-Among the many establishments in this line is that of Mr. W. H. Hoburg, manufacturer of ladies' fine shoes, who occupies the spacious premises No. 122 West 25th street. He has been established in this business for the past six years, and has been at the above location sinme last May. Mr. Hoburg Is a practical workman, and thoroughly understands the trade in its every detail. He makes a specialty of icy work, which is executed in the most artistic manner He possesses every facility for doing an extensive business, and has a large and influential patronage *... ~e ~ * ~ in NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. A.. Oscar Turkowsky, Plumbing and Gas Fitting, No. 6 Second Avenue.-Amongst those who figure largely in this interest is Mr. A. Oscar Turkowsky, whose plumbing and gas fittingestablishmentislocated at No.6 Second avenue. Mr. Turkowky established this business In 1874 in Ludlow street, he having previously been engaged in the grocery business in Clinton street for about one year, but this occupation not suiting him, he established that which he understood the most thoroughly, and now carries a large and valuable stock, and does a good annual business. There are all kinds of gas fittings, chandeliers, fixtures in every variety, pumps of the most desirable make, etc., etc. The workshop is suppliedwith the bestmachinery for the business, and plumbing in all its branches is promptly attended to according to the laws and regulations of the Board of Health. Gas fitting in all its various branches is done in a neat and efficient mann er, and all work is guarateed to be satisfactory and done at reasonable prices. He gives steady employment to sdx men. Mr. Turkowsky is a native of this country, having been born here in 1845, and since 1865 a resident of New York. Frederick Tung, Merchant Tailor, No. 58 Third Avenue.-One of the largest and mostprominent tailoring establishments on Third Avenue is that of Mr. Frederick Yung. The business was commenced in 1850, and the present firm has enjoyed an uninterrupted period of wonderful success for eighteen years. In May, 1883, in order to secure better accommodations for their rapidly increasing business, they removed to their present location, and have been greatly benefited thereby. The stock is complete, and handled by a large force of experienced tailors, the best work being done at the lowest prices. Contracts are taken for all kinds of uniforms at short notice, a large trade being done in this line. Mr. Yung has been a resident of this city for years, is good natured, genial, and popular witereever he is known. Henry Dudley, Architect, No. 49 Wall Street.-No feature of a great city is so prominently brought before the public as its architectural adornments and display. In this connection special attention is directed to the house of Mr. Henry Dudley, No. 49 Wall Street, which was established by the present proprietor in 1851. During the intervening thirty-fve years, Mr. Dudley has erected some of the most important buildings both public and private in the metropolis. He was the architect for the following and has made a specialty of planning and constructing churches, theatres, etc.: St. John's Church, Waterbury, Conn.; St. Peter's, Auburn, N. Y.; St. John the Baptist, New York; Holy Trinity, Harlem; Holy Trinity, New York; Third Baptist Church, N. Y.; Harry Miner's Theatre, New York. Mr. Dudley is an able and painstaking architect employing only competent assistants. He is a native of England but has resided in this country for the last thirty-five years, and is greatly esteemed by the community as an architect of rare ability and an upright private citizen. V. Kostka, Pharmacist and Druggist, No. 700 Ninth Avenue, corner 48th Street.-Of the many professions which are called into daily use in the metropolis there is none holding a more important or necessary position than that of the pharmacist and druggist. Prominent among the leading representatives of this profession on the West Side is Mr. V. Kostka, whose well appointed pharmacy is at the corner of 48th street and Ninth avenue. He has been established for the past twelve years andby careful attention to the interests of his patrons has built up a large and influential trade, which is drawn from among the leading residents of the vicin ity. The store is spacious and is veryhandsomely fitted up, reflecting great credit on the artistic instinct of the proprietor. A full and complete stock of drugs, chemi cals, toilet and fancy articles, druggists' sundries and proprietary medicines is carried and every thing is sold at the most moderate prices. Special attention is paid to the careful compounding of physicians' perscriptions in which only the purest and freshest drugs are used. Mr. Kostka maintains a high professional reputation among the medical fraternity as a skilled and expert pharmacist. He is a genial, courteous and liberal gen tleman, aways taking an active interest in every movement that has for its object the welhare and advancement of his fellow citizens. J. W. Boughton & Co., House, Sign and Fresco Painters, No. 97 Hudson Street.-This is probably the oldest house in its line in the city, having been estab lished in 1810. The present firm are successors to C. V. Lewis and the old firm of B. F. Bunker & Lewis. Mesrs. Boughton & Co. have been in their present quarters for about fourteen years. The premises occupied by the firm comprise the first floor. Their specialty is fresco pa ng and they employ a number of skilled workmen n every branch o their business. They do house and sign painting and plain and decorative paper hanging, give special attention to mason and carpenter work, and general house repairing, and are prepared te pait tin roofs at one cent per square foot. The gentlemen compeng the firm occupy a leading position in the trade and in business circles generally. M. Xeyerhof, ShWt Maker and Furnisher, No. 11 Bowery.-Ths bned was established in 1872 by Mr. Meyerhoff, andhasbe cqducted at the same location frm its fit tn to the present time. The store 1s well a with a view especially to this business, and the internal arrangements are well designed. The stoek cosists of custom-made shirts and men's fnrnishtg goods of every description, in all of which, full lines are always kept. Mr. Meyerhoff has had large experlence in this business and understands it in every detail. Hugh Reilly, Commission Merchant in Fruits, Produce, etc., No. 36 Ninth Avenue.-This gentleman makes a specialty of fruits and is one of the most prominent men in the commission business in which he has been engaged for the past fourteen years; most of that time at his present location. He is an extensive dealer and commission merchant in foreign and domestic fruits, early vegetables and all kinds of southern produce. In addition to his extensive store at No. 36 Ninth avenue, he has branch establishments at No. 685 Hudson street, and on Fourteen th street. Besides having a large loca l trade among the best class of retail dealers of New York City, he ships extensively to Boston, Mass., and to many of the large citiesin the northern part of this state. Mr. Reilly was born in Ireland, but came to this country when very young. He received a liberal educae. tion and was from his earliest youth a natural business man, and well deserves the widespread favor and esteem in which he is held in New York. J. H. Wagner, Manufacturer and Dealer in Segars, No. 1176 Second Avenue.-Among the best known houses in this line in Second avenue, is that of Mr. J. H. Wagner, who is a wholesale and retail dealer hn Havana and domestic segars, and established this conceru in 1876. Mr. Wagner occupies a suitable and commodious building and carries a large and well selected assortment of domestic and imported segars, smoking and chewing tobaccos, pipes and tobacconists' suppUwm which are sold at the lowest possible prices. Ms excellent business methods and the fact that he only handle the choicest brands of tobacco and segars, ha nsaw"e4 him a large and permanent trade of a strictly frsnhb character. Mlr. Wagner is a native of Germany has resided in this country for the last sixteen yez 26,3 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Thiomas K. O'Brien, Carriage Manufacrer, No. 161 East 85th Street.-No line of manufacture in the last quarter of a century shows such marked advane nt as carriage building. Among the manufacturerstof this class of work in New York, who have gad a pminence, bad on the merits of their prod none stand higher than Mr. Thomas K. O'Bri, No. 1I East 85th street. The business was founded orignfy in Brodway, and since Mr. O'Brien's start he has obined a liberal and permanent patronage, owing to the unsurp quality and character of hfs various manuactures, using nothing but the best materials carefully* lected and well Ho ned, employing only the most skdlled and evpidnced workmen, and enjoying unexceUed facilities. Mr. O'Brien turns out fine carrie, open and top buggies, phaetons, road wagons and sleigs made in the latest N ed styles, and in the highest quality of wor kmn p, the ki of the present day can produce. Inthe Dory all the opt of wood and iron workhg, t rmin g, upholterhng and painting are carried on under the personal spervision of the proprietor. Repairing is promptly atteded to at reasonable rates and everything connected with this businees is efciently executed. Mr. O'Brien is greatly respected by the community for his Or and strict inte, and our readers, and those interested may enter into business relations with this home with the full assurance of receiving not only just and liberal treatment, but in addition, manifest advantages in terms and prices superior to those offered by any other firm in the same line, whether in New York or anywhere else in the East. Who -H. Domy, Plauter and Wholele Dealer i Otters and O(ams, Boat 14, Foot of Charles Street, My River.-One of the oldest established and most prosperous bouses engaged in the oyster trade in New Yerk 13 ta which form the subject of the present sIkmt~h. The beanea was originally established in 1848 u the firm title of R. C. Burbank & Co., the present proprfetor representing the company. The enterprise pN ee d1 rapidly from the start,and the trade had soon attained prosperous proportions. In 1875 the junior partner, Mr. Thomas H. Dorsey, succeeded to tne businfl, and under h excellent management, it has conties to develop at a rate commensurate with the energy and zeal displayed in its conduct. Mr. Dorey occupies one of the finest vesses of tre fieet, his bot, No. 14, having a storage capacity of over 3,500 bushels. His beds are located at Slrewsbry River, Princes' Bay, Great ills, OysterBay, City Island, New Haven, Norwalk and York River, Va. The large flbeet t of boats owned, and a number of chartered eraIt are employed continually in gatheringand transporting the stock to market, the work also giving employment to a goodly force of men and boys. Thetrade is l d: chiefly in the West, although a large buine is done in shipping to Europe, where a branch house is located. The stock handled is of the best quality, and the, monthly business in the height of the seiason approximates about $40,000. Mr. Dorsey is one of the most popular men in the business, to which he has been raised from early boyhood. He enjoys the highest esteem in business circles. McDermott Bros., Manuctutrers of Tools for Wo od Working Machinery, Tanners and Curriers Tools, No.556 West i24th Street.-Conspicuous a mo ng those who a re engag ed in t his very important branch, are the McD ermott Bros., of No. 556 West 24th street, the firm consisting of Mesan. Garry and James McDermott, who are natives of Orange county, N. Y., an d have been established in business aince 1876 occupying their well fitted establishment wher e they ar e n ow located. The firm m anufa cture all kin ds of tools for wood working mac hinery, moulding, cutters, tongue and groove, turni ng tools, etc., also tanners and curriers tools. The Messrs. McDermott are both experienced and practical workmen and all the etions of their works mare conu e nducted under their personal supervision, thus insuring to t he trade only such productions as wil withstand t he most critical tests, both in regard to the ma trial used in the ir construction and the workantp employed. The brothers are self-mnade men who have by their own exertions risen to a toremost place. Herm. WotkhirUm, Importer of Straw Goods, Nos. 102 and 10& Prince Stree.-Mr. Herm. Weckherlin is a gentleman of vast prtic experience and ha been established sixteen years, ast of which time he has been in the present local ty. In his Haous sal esrooms, he displays one of the fiest and Chest stocks of I' and childrens' trw goods, Mich for beauty and originality of de, ority at and workmanship are aexcelled The wed Al of a superior character And redeet grt t mpou Mr. WeckherUn's unit j et j ad enterprise as an importer. Being a dr impoer be ts always prepared to show the cholt Covets ftom the leading European =a He wa bom in Germany and came to New Yed bo ut eighteen ars ago. From a HI be nnn he ha buit up a large and prosperous trade wAl rtend8 throughout the United Ses. Mr. Wekll is possessed of very fine busies qualifications and the large patronage he now Amtrois redcok the at eret not only upon hlmsm, but also upon the great metropolis wherein his inerests have been centred so long. Albert Pelser, Curer of Choice Beef, No. 1361 Third Avenue.-A house exclusively devoted to the curing of the best and choicest cuts of beef, etc., is that of Mr. Albert Peiser, who established this enterprise in 1880. He deals extensively in smoked and pickled tongues, briskets, Frankfurters, Viennas, bolognas, boulard and cervelat. In Mr. Peiser's circular to the public, the following facts are stated: "Dr. Henry Behrend has published in the London Jewish Chronicle, a series of essays regarding the sanitary precautions in the preparation of provisions, In uniformity with the most important regulations of the Talmud, wherein he proves by statistical and scientific documents, that the greater number of diseases are alike in man and the lover animals. The London Globe states:'It is notorious that Hebrew communities are free from many terrible scourges, of which the believers of the Christian and other religions fall victims to. The deaths by 6onsumption in the great thoroughfare of White Chapel, High street, teach a lesson that should earnestly be considered by o ur citizens. One side of the streetis i n habited mostly by Hebrews, the other by Chris s. In this one and the same street, the former are victims to this terrible disease to an insignificant number only, while the latte suffer frightfully. The cause of this is, the transfer of animal diseases to man, and It is well known, however, that the compulsory rules as laid down by Moses for the official inspetion of animal food, recommend themselves urgently to our atteotion-ff we desire to banish certain dies from the mass of our people.'" All the meat cured in Mr. Peisees estab. lishment is carefully inspected, according to the Jewish methods, thereby ensuring sound and perfectly healthy beef, etc., and the best possible care and attention are given the various meats under the proprie tor's direct supervision, while being prepared for the market. The prices charged for these excellent meat products are very low, considering the quality of the stock. Mr. Peiser is a native of Prussia, and is re spected for the energy which he has Di fested In the conduct of a business that caters to a large and promi nent portion of the community. 164 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDTISTRIES. 985~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 Louis Auerbach & Brother, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Paints, Oils and Glass' also Wall Papers and WindowlShades, No. 792 Ninth Avenue.-Messrs. Iamb Auerbach & Brother have been established at th above location for the past three years, and have ceeded in building up a large and permanent trade. Their stock of paints, oils, glass, whiteleads, wall papes and window shades, embraces all the bet goods in ts market, which are offered to the tradeatthe verylowest market prices. All goods are received direct from producers in large quantities, and some are manufactiured on the premises. An inspection of the stock and the manner in which the trade is conducted, point at oee to a system of order and simplicity which prevades every department and which must, in the nature ot things, result in permanent advantages to patrons. Messrs. Louis and Max Auerbach who compose the firm, are men of long experience in this trade, and have built up an excellent reputation for liberality and fair dealing. All orders entrusted to them are promptly filled, and it is their endeavor to merit by the strictest principles of commercial probity and fair dealing, a continuance of the generous patronage they now enjoy. 9S. L. Tucker & Co., Manufacturers of Rheumatic Liniment for Man or Beast, No. 873 Eighth Avenue.-Among the many thriving induaries of the metropolis is the production of various articles for the relief of pain-racked humanity. Some of the articles placed upon the market are entirely worhless nostrums that are more injurious than beneficial, and again there are others that affect astonishing cures. One of the very best products yet offered to the public is S. L. Tucker's Rheumatic Liniment for man or beast. It was invented over twenty years ago by Mr. L. E. Tucker, the father of the present proprietor, who attained fame and fortune in its manufacture until his death about fifteen years ago, since which time the business has been conducted by his son. The liniment is highly recommended by the medical fraternity as an infallible cure for diptheria, sore throat, quincy, croup, rheumatism, cuts, numbness in the limbs, swellings, neuralgia, frost bites, cholera morbus, and many other complants. It can be used with safety internally as well as externally, and it is composed of well k nown specifisa which for years have been used by the medical profesion. That it accomplishes all that is claimed for it, is einced by the large number of testimonials and certificates which Mr. Tucker has received. It is sold by leading druggists all over the United States at the moderate price of 40 cents. Mr. S. L.Tucker, the sole proprietor and manufacturer of this valuable liniment is an energetic and enterprising young brsiness man. James R. Stokes, Veterinary Surgeon, (late partner Prof. J. A. Going, M. R. C. V. S., deceased), Livery and Boardlng Stables, No. 159 East 32nd Street.-Among the led and well equipped boarding and livery stables of the metropolis are those of Mr. James R. Stokes, which are located at No. 159 East 32nd street. The p i occupied are Taus and substantially constrmted. The interior arrangements are perfect in the way of light and ventilation, and every facility is at hand for the purpose of conducting an extensive business. The equipages kept are of the most stylish kind and the stock of horses are always in first class conditio, many ofthem being speeders, while others are quiet and gentle, so that the tastes of all patrons can be suited. M.Srtokes has every facility to meet the popular demand for homes and carria. He makes a specialty of taing horses on livery, which receive the best attention from experienced grooms. Mr. Stokes is one of the most wtdly known and reliable veterinary surgeons in this city, his many years of experience having given him a most exsive and flattering patronage. Thoroughly conversant with the horse, whose anatomy he has made a study for the greater part of his life, he is eminently qualified for the treatment of any ailment to wec that animal is subject. His thorough practical knowledge, together with his untiring zeal when a horse is under his care for treatment, has placed his name among the most distinguished of our State's veterinary srgeons. He is a prominent and active member of the State and County Association of his profession, and wherever known is recognized as a surgeon of ability and merit. Many of our noted owners of valuable horses, have placed them under his care, an evidence of Mr. Stoke's perfect reliability. Corrigen & Ferguson, Sale and Exchange Stables, No. 146 East Twenty-fourth Street.-The sale and exchange stables of Corrigen & Ferguson were established by those gentlemen about twenty ymars ago, and from the first have enjoyed a good trade. Horses are received and sold or exchanged at low rates of commission with a view to the best interests of the patrons of the house. The stables are well fitted up and have accommodations for about thirty horses. A corps of competent assistants is employed and every facility is enjoyed for the businews. Both gentlemen composing the firm are residents of the city and are reliable, active business men. They an well acquainted with horse flesh, and good judges of all that goes to make a sound and desirable animal. John Eisbager, Dealer in Wall Paper, Window Shads, Cornices, Table Oil Cloths, &c., No. 673 Ninth Avmp.-There can be no better evidence of a people's progress and prosperity, than the improvement and eubelishment of their homes, and there is nobranch of the mechanical arts in which so much improvemdnt has been made within recent years, as in the m a of Tic wall papers, window shades and other articls of Tehold decoration. Among the teig estabishmens on the Wit Side engaged in the sale of wall papers and window shades is that of Mr. John Eisinger, No. 673 Ninth Avenue. He has been actively engaged in this line for many years, and thoroulhly understands the business in its every detail. A and well assorted stock is carried, embracing wall paper of all kinds, window shades, cornices, shade holas, able oil cloths, shade fixtures, cord, tassels, picare hooks, nails, &e., &c. All goods handled by Mr. RI.h-, are the best to be had in the market, and evym is sold at the most reasonable prices. By ho and e mOd he has built up a large and y p oa_ wbieh is drawn from among Xti _ lt ai l visa# and throughout the city. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 265 jamen Algoo, Grocer, West Poity d Btra Near Eighth Avenue.-There is rio more ortant branch'of business in the metropolk thm the grocery trade, inasmuch as this department embraces every necessary article of food, ammg - to the products of every country in the world. The house of Mr. J Algeo has been estabughed for the M t ity- years, and awe Its foundation has MmYs =Jord a substantial patronage. The of artl*M embraced in the stock Is amh so to Oe general wants ad the oonim a Ng, and evwything In the line Of stuag ad't ll poesd the choicest teas and coffem ft o Cfflna d Jspan, he best brands of A=; also canned, bakew oW ones, ts, &e. Mr. Algeols long rimm 2K nes,s him with ft In sO Ha md being a superior judge of a fine wdole, hm m lished reputation for dealing only in pt" 2M growth and prosperity of this WA oW be attributed to the energy and enterpdn at go tor. during his long career in business. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. R. A. Wirbel & Co., Gloves and Skins, No. 199 Europe. Its history dates from 1850, and through a long Church Street.-In the present review of the large and course of honest trading and the strictest probity in the leading industries of the metropolis we have been led to principles regulating their vast business concerns, they turn at different times from the manufacturers of Ameri- have developed for themselves enormous business concan origin to those of other nations, whose offices and nections. The specialty made hy R. A. Wirbel & Co. is, interests are located also in this market. In connection as we have said, glove-skins. Some of the finest, most with lamb-skins, suitable for the manufacture of gloves, regularly grained and perfect skins brought into this we find in this market the important German house of R. country are among the importations of R. A. Wirbel & A. Wirbel & Co. This is one of the oldest, most exten- Co., and we need only refer to their standard marks B., sive and most enterprising concerns on the Continent of BS., A., AS. skins. These are sold on importation orders .-. _ j 1'\ _...... wf -.1 ^ llI~llll~lllll~i Im, I 1 i r' r —-l 11B171-1lltllllw~li~~' Manufactory and Tannery of R. A. Wirbel d Co., Haynau, Germany. to the leading and largest manufacturers of gloves all over the United States, and are ready at all times for delivery from stock by leading dealers. The factory and tannery are at Haynau, Germany, and are the most thoroughly equipped of their kind on the Continent of Europe, being furnished throughout with all the necessary appliances and machines by which labor and corresponding prices are reduced. The New York office is at No. 199 Church Street. M1r. J. Henry Graack, a gentleman of long experience in the glove-leather interest, has charge of the New York business, and to his zeal and energy in the prosecution of the same may be traced much of the firm's success in this market. Mtlalcolm H. Smith, Manufacturer of Hoop-Skirts, Bustles, etc., No. 47 Walker Street.-In connection with the hoop-skirt and bustle trade of the metropolis mention should be made of the popular and rapidly-rising manufacturing house at the head of which appears the name of Malcolm H. Smith. It is now about seven years since Mr. Smith began building up the busines s, and th rough the tact and energy dis played in its m a nagement the same has risen to become a representative and leading house, popularly known in this market and enjoying a very satisfactory and valuable patronage. Nor are the operations in this manufacture confined to a few articles, for as many as fifty varieties of hoop-skirts and bustles alone are made a t this establishment. - These superior goods are all made under the direct supervision and management of Mr. Smith, the greatest c ar e and w atchfulness being exercised not only vin the selection of the mater i als used, but also in putting the same together. Constant attention is payed to the ever varying demands of fashion, and new designs in both bustles and skirts are brought out each season, carefully adapted to the requirements of the latest modes of drapery. The jobbing trade all over the United States receives the attention of this house, agencies being established in all the principal cities. The head of this house is a native of this state and an energetic and active manufacturer, now in the full prime and vigor of manhood and high in the esteem of the trade. Sonnenburg & Liebel, Merchant Tailors, No. 1043 Third Avenue.-This enterprise was originally established in 1869 by Messrs. Romig & Sonnenburg, and continued till 1880, when Mr. Romig retired, leaving Mr. Sonnenburg sole proprietor, In 1883 Mr. Sonnenburg admitted Mr. Adam Liebel into partnership. Both partners are practical and proficient in every detail, and have acquired a high reputation as masters of the art of fine tailoring. The firm is noted for the marked good taste displayed in the selection of its stock, which is without a superior in the city as to quality, figure, and style of goods, giving their customers assortments from which to choose, for either dress or business suits, not excelled by any similar concern in this section of the city. The stock consists of fine cloths, cassimeres and suitings of their own importation and is composed of every variety of the latest styles of the d ay in st rip es, pl aids, and checks, mottlen d and other figures which are m ad e up to order at prices most moderate and in the latest fashions. The premises occupied are very commodious and consist of a five-storied brick building, 20 x 85 feet in area, admirably equipped and furnished with every convenience for the display and accommodation of the varied stock, employment being provided for thirty skilled workmen. 266 The individual members of the firm are Messrs. Fred'k Sonnenburg and Adam Liebel, who are greatly respected for their many excellent qualities and strict integrity, and justly merit the success achieved by their energy, perseverance, and ability. They are always ready to offer inducements in prices and workmanship not easy to duplicate, while in quality of goods, fit and style, everything is guaranteed by the firm to give entire satisfaction. The house in fact in every respect is first class. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 267 H. F. Boelsen, House, Sign, and Decrative s, No. 1719 Third Avenue.-This enterprise was esablfdted in 1878, at 1654 Third Avenue by the present proprietr, who eventually removed his business to 1680 Third Avm nue, and in 1882 to 1719 Third Avenue. House, sign and ornamental painting is a leading feature, also frecoing and calcimining,paper hanging and into deli, also dealing in paints, oils, glass, putty, and Enters' supplies generally. Mr. Boelsen is a native of Germany, and arrived in this country in 1868. In addition to his other qualifications, he is a thorough artistesTo painter, and is always prepared to negotiate for every description in this line upon the most reasonable terms. Personally, he has made hosts of friends in consequence of his urbane and courteous manners and justly merits the success which he has attained by his enterprise and perseverance. D. J. Benoliel, Importer and Manufacturer of Havana Cigars, etc., No. 1315 Broadway.-A leading house engaged in importing and manufacturing Havana cigars and fancy smokers' articles, is that of Mr. D. J. Benoliel, No. 1315 Broadway, which was established in 1867, by the present proprietor, who likewise possesses a branch establishment at No. 93 William street. He was at one time owner of nine stores, all of which were doing business at the same time. The aim of the proprietor is to make an honest cigar, worthy of the good opinion of smokers, and to scrupulously maintain the character and quality of his brands. That Mr. Benoliel has been successful in his efforts is already a fdoregone conclusion, as is evidenced by the steady demand for his goods wherever they have been introduced, while the annual increase in his business shows that dealers recognize the reliable character of his various productions. The stock comprises a splendid assortment of pure Havana and domestic cigars, smoking and chewing tobacco and fancy smokers' articles, in great profusion and variety, which are offered to customers at very low rates, and guaranteed exactly as represented in every particular. Mr. Benoliel is a native of the city of Oran, Algeirs, province of France, in Africa, and came to America, September 7th, 1867. He is known as a gentleman of strict integrity and honorable in all his dealings, and these traits, combined with ample facilities have placed the house in a prominent position. Corbett Bros., Fine Groceries &c., Third Avenue and 162(1 Street.-This business was established by John Corbett, Esq.,in 1874, and in 1883 he was joined by his brother Joseph Corbett, both being live, progressive and go-ahead merchants. Their stock is very extensive, and consists of fine groceries, provisions, &c., &c. Their fine store located at Third Avenue and 162d street is filled with a complete and well selected stock of the finest groceries, including teas, coffees, sugars, &c., with a full line of canned goods of every description. Their teas and coffees are deserving of special mention; they are procured direct from the importers, and are perfectly free from all adulterations and impurities, and are noted for delightful flavors and fine aroma. They deal only with the largest wholesale houses down town, and with their long experience in the business and their skill in judgment of qualities, are prepared to offer their patrons superior advantages over many of their cbnpetitors. Their custom extends throughout this section, and embraces the very best families. The firm is widely known and highly respected, and they command the esteem and confidence of all with whom they have had business dealings. P. Koberlein, Practical Cutter Maker, No. 508 West 24th Street.-One of the most notable establishments of New York devoted to the manufacture of moulding, variety and bent cutters, also tongue, groove and beading tools, is that of F. Koberlein, of No. 508 West 24th street. Mr. Koberlein was born in the city of New York, and has been established in business in his present premises for the past three years. He is an experienced and practical workman, andall the operations of his works a oondcted under his personal supervision, thus insuring to the trade only such productions as will withstand the most critical tests, both in regard to the material used in their construction and the workmanship employed. Estimates are cheerfully furnished, and the work executed'promptly and in the best manner. Every effort is made to please and satisfy his patrons, who embrace many of the leading houses in the city among whom may be mentioned: J. H. Fisher & Co., Pianos; Otis Bros. & Co., Elevator Boilders; A. C. Hoe & ow, Builders; The Brunswick Balke Coliender Co., Billard Table Manufacturing; Nkw York Wood Working Co. &.d Otto Zahn, Floral Depot, No. 390 Grand Street. corner of Suffolk Street.-Among the florists in New York is Mr. Otto Zahn, who quite recently has removed to No. 390 Grand street. where he receives daily fresh flowers, and is at all times prepared to supply weddings, funerals, festivals, &c., with the same at the shortest notice. Mr. Zahn purchases from the most celebrated greenhouses the rarest flowers, instead of raising them himself. He has all the facilities for combining and arrang ing flowers in every fashion that the customer may desire and he is enabled to ship to any part of the country, whatever may be ordered from him in the floral line. Mr. Zahn has had a very long experience in this business and being a man of extraordinary taste, he has secured a patronage both lage and excellent in character. Fabian Sachs Kanske, Kid, Goat a nd Morocco, No 126 Summer Street, Boston, Mass., No. 45 Warren Street, New York.-An old established house is that of Mr. Fabian S. Kalske, which was founded in 1852, and since its inception at that date has obtained a liberal and influential patronage. Mr. Kaliske is the aft for several of the leading manufacturers kid and goat, and principally deals in soft finished stock In kid, such as Curacoas, Rio Hache and South Americans, and in Pebbles, as Tampico and Mexicans. There is a larg(, trade in the East with the largest shoe manufacturers all goods sold in that market being supplied by the Boston branch, No. 126 Summer street. The premisec occupied,are very commodious, and are eompletel? stocked with a splendid assortment of leather of ever~' description. Several travelling salesmen are employed Personally, Mr. Kaliske is highly esteemed by the coi)imunity for his many excellent qualities of mind an,i heart. George Meyer, Carriage Manufacturer, Nos. 5M, and 537 Seventh Avenue.-The manufacturer of s is one of the most Important industries of the country, many establishments of this kind being located in New York city. One of those which has gained just proin, - nence in this line by reason of the uniform exceueme ol its line of productions to that of George Mey who Is located at Nos. M 535 md &W Seventh ave amer of 39th street, Mr. Meyer has been established In this line of businew since 1M, and has been loc as above since May, MC the increase of his previous I to that time necessitated a to =are commodious quarters. He was formerly lomw at So. 145 West 28th street, from whence he was follo by &l. ot his old custom. He ma of despum for light or heavy himself the uniform success with which he the com advantages of durabinty, 11 of mov t. P."igofallkind,.Rts oromptly attended. to. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. The Zucklier & Levett Chemical Company, in 1863 by Messrs. Zucker & Levett and was continued by Manufacturers, Importers and Exporters of Polishing Ma- them with great success till 1881, when it was formed into terials, Nickel and Electro-Platers' Supplies. Works, Nos. a stock company, the following gentlemen being the of538 to 564 West 16th Street; Offices, Nos. 36 to 40 Eleventh ficers, viz.: President, Alexander Levett' TreaSurer, Avenue.-A prominent house engaged in the manufacture Louis Levett; Secretary, C. Loeb. The works are situated and importation of polishing material, nickel and electro- at Nos. 538 to 564 West 16th Street, and consist of extenplaters' supplies, is that of the Zucker & Levett Chemical sive series of buildings, which are admirably equipped Company, whose offices are located at Nos. 36 to 40 with all the latest improved machinery and appliances Eleventh Avenue.. This business was originally founded necessary for the economical and systematic conduct of c> q. q) :z kq, 9 1_ t ts Z.s 0I ~~~ _________ i~~~~~~~~~~~~ ____________________________________________________________ 2;;: ~#;IijI~j:i4II;4. the business, employment being given to a large number I and salts, cyanide of potassium, acids, etc. All orders of very skilful and intelligent artisans. They are sole are promptly filled and it is the constant aim of this enmanufacturers of the American dynamo-electric machine terprising company to merit by the strictest principles of for electroplating and electrotyping, which is unrivalled mercantile probity a continuance of the liberal support it for its utility and efficiency by that of any other contem- has already obtained. Mr. Alexander Levett, the esporary house in this country or Europe. The company teemed president, is too widely known for his sterling inproduces in large quantities patent carbolated polishing tegrity tnd ability to require extended comments at our compositions and rouges, hnd deals extensively in all hands; he is one of New York's representative manufactkinds of nickel and electro-platers' supplies, nickel anodes urers, and worthily presides over the important interests 268 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. of this flourishing enterprise. Mr. Louis Levett, the treasurer, is a popular enterprising member of the commercial community, and ably discharges the responsible duties developing upon him. Mr. C. Loeb, the secretary, is an energetic and hard-working gentleman, well versed in the onerous duties which he performs, and as widely known for his ability as for the honorable manner in which he attends to the company's interests. The chemical department is under the immediate charge of Mr. H. L. Haas, a chemist of recognized ability, and to whom much is due for the excellent productions of the house. The company's standing in the commercial world is too high to require any remarks, and both as regards business energy and true American enterprise, it justly merits the high reputation to which it has permanently attained. can be gotten in the space of one square inch. This fine wire cloth is specially adapted to the manufacture of ;urpentine. The factory of this company is located ~t Belleville, N. J., and is the largest and most c,)niplete )f its kind in the United States, furnishing employment s it does to upwards of one hundred and fifty artisans. The trade is one which extends to all parts of the United States and Canada, and is said to be on a steady ncrease. The reputation of this establishment for fair lealing and moderate prices, is universally known in the trade. The New York offices and salesrooms are situated at No. 87 Chambers Street, and are eligibly located in the very centre of the hardware trade. Since 1876 the same has been under the active management and control of Mr. J. G. DeWitt, treasurer and general manager, a gentleman of ripe business experience, and whose indefatigable labors have done much to bring the business to its present proportions. The DeWitt Wire Cloth Co. became incorporated in 1876. The following gentlemen are the officers of the company: F. J. Bartlett, Esq., President; J. G. DeWitt, Esq., Treasurer; and Robert Rogers, Esq., Secretary; C. Van HIouten, Superintendent. In both commercial and social circles the officers of this company are well and favorably known, and enjoy not only the confidence of the trade but the respect and esteem of a large circle of friends and trade acquaintances. Pollock & Van W!agenen, Manufacturers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Steamship, Railroad and i Machinists' Supplies, No. 212 West Street.-It is a'pleasure o to record the character and enterprise of such houses as the one above named, which has been so long engaged in the trade that an account of its operations is almost a history of the business itself which was established nineteen years ago. They occupy the entire large four-stoiy building situated at the above address and which contains ] beyond dispute the largest and most miscellaneous stock of railroad, steamship and machinists' supplies of any in this city. They also manufacture wrought and sheet iron work of all kinds, bolts, nuts and railroad track 1 furniture being a specialty which have made this firm e well known in railroad circles. Employment is given to a number of skilled workmen and strict attention given to boiler fitting in all its branches. Indicators, registers, clocks, lubricators and gauges are repaired and adjusted at the shortest notice. This latter business is carried on a wholesale and retail basis, the house possessing every facility for the prompt filling of all orders and is prepared to meet the wants of the trade at all times. The individual members of this enterprising firm are Mr. Alex. Pollock and Geo. Van Wagenen, both gentlemen thoroughly conversant with the various details of the business, who have built up not only a large and growing trade, but the highest of reputations as honorable business men and upright private citizens. DeWitt Wire Cloth Co., No. 87 Chambers Street. -In our modern civilization many have been the innovations upon old-time methods within the past quarter of a century. This is particularly true in regard to the manifold uses to which wire and kindred fabrics are put. The oldest and certainly the most reliable and representative firm manufacturing these goods in the United States is the DeWitt Wire Cloth Co. The history of this eminent house goes back some sixty-three years, when they be - came organized in this market. Beginning at a time when this industry was in a condition of embryo, the DeWitt Wire Cloth Co. have been pioneers in the development of the same and all along have taken the lead as a manufacturing house. They manufacture all kinds and varieties of brass, copper and iron wire cloth, Fourdrinier wire and dandy rolls, wire rope, wire fencing and cord, brass and copper wire, wire window screens and guards. Possessing the best facilities they are able to produce any class of wire goods and are able to m eet the largest demands of the trade. A very large business is done in supplying paper mills, to which the DeWitt Co. give special attention, and the connections of the house extend pretty nearly all over the country. It may here be said that a pound of metal wire can be drawn out to a length of eight miles. As many as ten thousand meshes s e e s 269 L. Havasy, IVIanufacturer of Patent Satchel Muffs, No. 15 Bond Street.-lVIr. L. Havasy, who is a Hungarian by birth, has been located in this market for the past eight years. He is the manufacturer of a very choice and desirable patent muff-sqtchel, which.is offered by him as low as the ordinary muff, and it embraces the useful element of a satchel at the same time. A very large trad, e all throughout the United States is being developed on this muff-satchel. Some forty skilled employees are all the time kept busy in this business, and in the season this number reaches as high as seventy-five hands. The premises occupied in lineal measurement are 25 x 100 feet, and are well fitted up and arranged according to the requirements of the trade. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. George H. Laughlin, Boarding and Livery Stable, Rottenberg Blank Book Company, ManufacNos. 211 and 213 East 85th Street, near Third Avenue.- turers and Jobbers of Blank Books, etc., and Wholesale One of the most popular boarding and livery stables Dealers in Stationery, Writing Papers, etc., No. I1S Atin the metropolis, is that conducted by Mr. George H. torney Street.-One of the best equipped establishments, Laughlin, Nos. 211 and 213 East 85th street, which was devoted to the wholesale stationery trade is that of the established by the present proprietor in 1877. The Rottenberg Blank Book Company, No. 154 Attorney stables are well lighted, drained and ventilated, and street. This house was originally founded by Mr. M. every care and attention are given to the welfare and Rottenberg in 1881, who associated with him his son Mr. comfort of horses entrusted to Mr. Laughlin, by effi- Julius Rottenberg in 1883, and eventually, in consecient grooms and experienced stallmen. In the livery quence of the retirement of the senior partner in 1884, department, he keeps constantly a splendid stock of the present concern was organized. The company occuanimals. He has also quiet and gentle horses, and a pies extensive premises, and makes a specialty of mangreat variety of stylish and fashionable carriages, ufacturing blank books, ledgers, journals, cash books, coupes, Victorias, Landaus, buggies, broughams, etc., etc., and is also a dealer in stationery of all kinds, which can be hired at any hour, day or night, for busi- writing papers, envelopes, monogram papers, etc. They ness or pleasure, at very moderate rates. Mr Laughlin have from the start successfully aimed at producing has had many years experience among horses, and is the highest quality of work, and no pains or expense considered one of the best judges of the noble animalin are spared, the house soliciting and manufacturing New York, and is fully conversant with the proper first-class work only. All orders by mail or telegraph methods of taking care of them, and in his stables receive immediate attention. will be found some of the crack horses of our most eminent and wealthy citizens. Orders by mail or tele- Wm. Dlbblee, Coiffeur and Wig Maker, No. 918 graph receive immediate attention, prompt responses Broadway.-The industry of the manufacture of human being given, and every detail of the business is care- hair is one which requires the greatest care and skill, fully supervised by the proprietor. Personally, Mr. and In connection with this enterprise, we may remark Laughlin is highly esteemed for his geniality of dis- that Mr. Dlbblee, No. 918 Broadway, has achieved a position and sterling integrity by all classes of citizens, deserved reputation. Mr. Dibblee has just occupied and is in every way a responsible and reliable gentle- his new and commodious premises, No. 918 Broadway, man with whom to establish business relations. (formerly No. 242 Fourth Avenue), where he manufae I. Straus, Coal and Wood Merchant, Main Office, No. tures curls, wigs, bands, switches, &c., and where he 1495 Third Avenue, Yard & Wharf, 94th Street and East will be pleased to meet with his old customers and River.-There is no business of more vital importance others requiring his line of goods. Mr. Dibblee guarto a community, or in which enterprise and integrity antees a sure restoration of the hair if taken in time. are better rewarded than in that of coal and wood. The Forty years of practice and study have placed him in a coal and woodbusiness has now grown to be a leading in- position to know what treatment is necessary in all dustrial interest in the metropolis and prominent among cases of the hair falling off. Scalp diseases, &c., a the most active and highly esteemed members of the specialty, and always require immediate attention. trade, is Mlr. I. Straus of No. 1495 Third Avenue. Mr. This business has been established over fifty years and Straus is a native of Frankforty,Germany, and came to Mr Dibbleeils without exception the oldest coiffeur and 8traus~~~~~~~~~i msake inathive ofFrnkot,eray, and hame atvrou seaon this country in 1855, embarking on his arrival in com- wig maker in this city, and has at various seasons eat. mercial pursuits. He entered the coal and wood busi- ployed upwards of thirty skilled operatives. ness in 1871, being first located at No. 134 Mulberry street, where he remained five years. He then removed Mainabb, Photographer, No. 813 Broadway.-A leads to No. 209 East 84th street, subsequently about a year ng photographer of the metropolis, and one who is ta and a half ago, removing to his present very central authority on all matters pertaining to the photographric offices ix Third Avenue. His yard and wharf are very art, is Mr. Macnabb, of No. 813 Broadway. No studio conveniently located at the foot of East 94th street in the city is more eligibly or centrally located, and its and he keeps constantly on hand a full supply in regu- appliances and outfit are in keeping with its locatioe. lar sizes of all the choice, hard and soft coals, besides Mr. Macnabb established in business in 1867. He takes seasoned wood in abundance, and all at lowest quoted photos on the instantaneous method, and possessing market rates. Mer. Straus is one of the most respected unsurpassed facilities, is always prepared to execute andpopular coal merchants in Yorkville, and holds the any order pertaining to his art. His photographic best class of the retail trade, hils sales having attained work, and crayon and pastel portraits cannot be exproportioas of gtreat magnitude. celled for brilliancy of expression and harmony of effect, amd he is considered to be one of the foremost Wm. H. Wilson, Trunks, Bags, Pocket Books, Whip in this artistic profession to-day, in the metropolis. and Fire-Cap Maker, No. 135 Bowery.-This large elegant fine store is considered one of the best places in Metropolitan Steam Laundry, Byron Alger, *o. New York City to purchase trunks, bags, pocket books, 17 West 44th Street.-Among the more prominent launwhips and an kinds of firemen's equipments, which is dry establishments in New York,we notice that of Byron the specialty of Mr. Wilson's business. Firemen's hats Alger, Esq., which is known as the Metropolian Steam caps, badges, belts, torches, wrenches, trumpets, lan Laundry, and i1 located at No. 17 West44th street, with terns, fire department buttons, etc., are Manufactured a branch office at No. 246 West 23rd street. - Family extensively and shipped to all parts of the country to hotel and steamboat washing is done in the bestmanner the'-boys". The stock is the most complete of its kind at shortnotice at averymoderaterate. Collars and cuffs in the metropolis, 80 that a ordersboth as to measure are done in a faultless manner and all goods are called and extent can be promptly filled. The business has for and delivered free of charge when so desired. Mr. had a prosperous and healthy existence of over fifty- Alger has been engaged in the laundry business some nine years, and may well be regarded as one of the old- eight or ten years, and is thoroughly conversant with eat and best in the Union. Mr. Wilson is a brother of its every detail. He has been located as above since Wilon of Earl & Wilson, and is well connected in every May, 1882, and controls one of the largest trades df any way both socially and as a merchant. The establish- family laundry in New York City, and by his enterpris my lo e at No. 135 Bowery, opposite the Bowery and bisinexs tact is rapidly extending the limits of him navi Bank. The prices are reasonable, the goods business. He is a member of the 22d Regiment, pOp are good, and every courtesy is shown to the visitor. pany D, N. G. S. N. Y. 270 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 271 Wiliam Horn, Dealer in First Class Beef, Veal, Mutton, Lamb, Pork, Poultry and Game, Fish, Oysters and Clams, No. 2358 Fourth Avenue.-Among those who have become popular as a retail dealer in the above line may be mentioned Mr.WilliamHorn, whose bright, clean and tastefully arranged market is located at 2358 Fourth Avenue. This business was established by Mr. Horn in 1872 and has ever since been successfully prosecuted by him. The store is new and the display of the best qualities of goods is very tempting. The choicest cuts of beef, veal, mutton, lamb, pork, etc., will always be found here all selected to meet the demands of a first-class custom and received fresh every day. Poultry and game in their season, oysters and clams, and some of the rarest varieties of fish will be found on Mr. Horn's stand which is kept constantly on ice. Mr. Horn, who is a young man and a native of Germany, is highly respected in both social and commercial circles as an honerable and reliable gentleman. White & Co., Coal and Wood, Flour, Hay, Grain and Feed, Brook Avenue, between 162nd and 163rd Streets.Among the prominent coal and wood dealers in this line is that of White & Co., whose yard is situated OD Brook avenue, betweed 162nd and 163rd streets, and occupy the space of five good sized lots,which is completely stocked with all grades of coal and wood, besides a line of flour, hay, grain and feed, in which they do an extensive trade. This business has been established for about fifteen years. They constantly employ five men and from three to four wagons and teams filling orders, which are attended to with care and promptness. Ample shedding is provided and the lumber kept dry and well seasoned, and the yard is well supplied with all the necessary conveniences for handling coal or wood in large and small quantities. Mr. C. F. White is a native of Germany and was in the grocery business for a length of time before establishing his present business, and Mr. J. Lyna is a native of New York, where he has resided all his life. They are both thoroughly acquainted with all the details of their business and give it their personal supervision. J. A. Engelbach & Co., Confectioners, No. 263 West l}th St re et.-The confectioneryinterests of this city is of no inconsiderable importance to the vitality of trade and of late years there has been great competition in this line. Among those who have achieved an enviable rep utatio n is the firm of J. A. Engelbach & Co., whose conf ectionery and ice cream parlor is located at N o. 263 West 125th street, and was e stablished by that gentleman about five years ago. His large store and parlor is finely fitted up and nicely furnished with a view to the comfort of customers. Mr. Engelbach is a man of large,,practical experience in the manufacture of candy, and is very skillful in the business, and makes all kinds of plain and fancy confectionery of the purest sugar and vegetable colorings and fruit flavoring without any deleterious substance whatever. The trade is promptly supplied at the lowest manufacturer's prices and a large patronage is enjoyed throughout this section of the city. The various flavors in pure smooth ice cream is to be found here and the best quality of soda water are drawn from a handsome fountain and flavored with the finest fruit flavors. The manufactory is located in the basement and is fully equipped for the work, together with experienced candy makers. Mr. Engelbach is a native of Germany and has resided in the city for a considerable length of time. Miss A. Engelbach, the pleasant and amiable daughter of the proprietor, ably and politely assists her father in the store and is quite a favorite with customers. X. Schmeckenbecher's Sons, Carpenters and Builders, No. 238 East 59th St reet.-Among the larger businet houses in New York devo ted to c arp entering and building is that of M Schmeckenbecher's Sons, who for four years past have been carrying on the business established a number of years since by their father. 'T hese gentlemen a re thorough workmen in every respect, having served a long and thorough apprenticebship to th e business befo e su cceeding to its management. They axe both residents of Ne w Yo rk and are well-known in business circles. They attend promptly ,to all orders, doing work in the best manner and are noted for the moderation of their charges. Among the different buildings upon which the firm have been engaged are Peter Doelger's Brewery, 55th street and East river, aftd Joseph Doelgers' Sons Brewery, 54th street, between Second and Third avenues; the Union Brewing Company of New Jersey; John Kress' Brewery, 55th street, between Second and Third avenues; Levi Bros.' Cigar Factory, 13th street and Avenue A: Schlessinger's Toy Factory, 11th street and Avenue D; New Vinegar Works, 38th street and Eleventh Avenue, and several others. Thos. O'COonnll, Dealer in Orange County Butter, Cheese, Lard, Eggs and Staple Groceries, No. 707 Third Avenue.-Mr. Thomas O'Connell has been established since 1880, and has built up a large and permanent patronage, which is drawn from the best class of families in the neighborhood. Mr. O'Connell has had long experience and thoroughly understands the blusiness in its every detail. He carries a large and well assorted stock of staple groceries, embracing canned goods of every description, and he makes a specialty of pure Orange county butter, which he offers at the lowest market prices. He receives large consignments of eggs, cheese, lard and produce, and has always made it a rule to sell nothing but what is pure and of the very best quality, and the result is an extensive and lucrative trade. Mr. O'Connell was born in this city and is a typical young New York business man, full of energy and enterprise. John Renehan, Plumber, No. 163 East 35th Street. -A representative establishment in the plumbing line is that of Ma. John Renehan, No. 163 East 35th street, who has been established at the above location for the past fourteen years. Mr. Renehan is a thorough practical plumber and expert sanitary engineer. He has made a specialty of sanitary plumbing. In a circular recently issued he states the most satisfactory and least expensive way to counteract or entirely remove the evils arising from the many causes to which the ill effects of imperfect drainage and ventilation are attributable, is to have a thorough inspection made from cellar to roof, of all pipes, leaders, traps, &c., connecting with the main sewers, to discover the cause and apply the remedy which will suggest itself to any plumber of practical experience. Mr. Renehan has executed many large orders for some of our handsomest private dwellings and in every instance hasgiven perfect satisfaction. He einpioys none but the best workmen, and all orders entrusted to his care can be relied upon as being executed in the most thorough manner. F. Gleberich, Cigars and Tobacco, No. 255Bowery. - Mr. Gieberich first established this business during the year 1882, and now occupies a store which is nicely aranged, and is well filled with goods, consisting of for-. eign and domestic cigars and chewing and smoking tobacco, and smokers' articles of every grade and description to suit the taste of buyers, all of which is so arranged on the shelves as to present a very tasteful anti pleasing appearance. These goods are sold at low prices, and warranted to be just what is claimed for them. The proprietor was born in Germany, and like his countrymen generally, is a reliable man. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDTJSTRIES. 271 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. produce a chemically pure fibre, in every respect adapted to manufacture the best qualities of paper, and the consumption has now attained proportions of great magnitude. The company has been steadilyrepresented in New York for the last eighteen years by Mr. E. Embree, whose office is eligibly and centrally located in the Morse building, No. 140 Nassau street. Mr. Embree brings practical experience to bear, being one of the oldest established paper merchants in the country, and having an intimate knowledge of the requirements of the trade. He has ever retained the confidence and esteem of the community, and is noted for his honorable methods and sterling integrity. He has developed a large and permanent trade, numbering among his customers our leading paper manufacturers and faithfully discharges the responsible duties devolving upon him as the agent of such a representative corporation as the American Wood Paper Colmipany. G~eorge W. Campbell, Jr., Insurance, No. 48 Pine Street.-The insurance interests centralized in our commercial community, represent an annual value of millions of dollars, which would hardly appear credible were it not that reliable statistics prove the amount to be something enormous. Throughout the United States New York City is recognized as the great centre of all business interests. Among the leading fire insurance agents of New York is Mr. George W. Campbell, Jr., a gentleman who has spent the best part of his life in this important department of our business interests. His thorough knowledge of fire insurance has made him an authority on the subject, and he is considered in commercial circles as one of the bestinformed underwriters in the city. He has been engaged in this business for the last twenty years, and is well able to select a good company to present to his large list of patrons, who number many of our leading merchants and property owners. Mr. Campbell occupies well furnished and extensive offices at No. 48 Pine street, immediately in the midst of the fire insurance district where are to be found many of the best and most reliable companies and agents. All kinds of fire, marine and inland insurance are transacted, and it is the constant aim of the proprietor to merit by the strictest principles of mercantile honor a continuance of the support he has already obtained. Mr. Campbell is greatly respected by the community for his ability and integrity, and justly merits the success attained by his energy and perseverance. Such is a brief account of Mr. Campbell's facilities and qualities-qualities which have placed him among the responsible and prominent of the underwriting fraternity in this city, and entitle him to the extensive patronage, which he knows so well how to foster and promote. R. J. Bowden, Grocer, Fine Teas, Coffee, Butter and Flour, No. 631 Hudson Street, near Jane.-The business of Mr. Bowden was establishe d in the year 1865. The proprietor had an extensive experience in the grocery line, having se rve d a l ong appre nticeship with his brother. His first location was a t th e corner of Perry and Washington streets, whe e he re he re ma ined thirteen years. He then moved to Centre Market wh ere he opened a butter business, but finding to o much time on his hands, ow ing to the closing o f th e market at 1 p. m., sold out and resumed the grocery business at his present location. The store is commodious, having an area of 23x50 feet, is well fitted up and stocked with the finest quality of staple or fancy groceries, teas, coffees, butter, flour, canned goods and all kinds of fruit. Mr. Bowden is devoted to business, has an agreeable manner and is doing a flrst-class trade. Belden & Reinhard, Manufacturers of the celebrated brands, New York, Valvone Cylinder, New York Monarch Engine, New York Valvone Machinery and Monarch Crown Wool Oils, also the B. & R. Best Brands of Rope and Jute Oil, Sperm, Whale, Lard, Neats foot, Cod, Menhadden, and other Oils, No. 145 Maiden Lane and No. 23 Fletcher Street, New York.-One of those representative concerns which so materially add to the prosperity and commercial ascendancy of the great metropolis is the widely and favorably known house of Messrs. Belden & Reinhard, manufacturers of Animal and Mineral Oils. The co-partners, Mr. Alfred G. Belden and Mr. Francis H. Reinhard, founded their present business in 1875, both being personally conversant with the refining and manufacture of standard oils. They have a fully equipped factory in operation at No. 23 Fletcher street, where they give employment to a numerous force of hands in the manufacture of their famous brands of oils. Their lubricating oils have taken the lead as regards purity and excellence. Their Cylinder and Machinery Oils are now found in use by our leading mill and factory corporations, Railway and Steamship Companies &c. &,c. Their New York Valvone Cylinder and New York Monarch Engine Oils, on account of their very high fire test and superior quali ties geo y are in use exclusively by many of the American and English Railways and Ocean Steamship Lines and for these oils ially,they have established agencies in London,Liverpool, Glasgow,Paris,Hamburg and Bremen, and laing cities in the States and Canadas. Their Sperm, Whale, Lard, and Neatsfoot Oil are all standard with an extensive consumption, and a Day export trade 1as been established to all parts of the world. Messrs. Belden & Reinhard, both devoung personal attention to all the details of their exteads business, can conscientiously guarantee the excellence of their lines of oils, which are ever maintained at *O original high standard set by this house. The American Wood Paper Company, Incorporporated, Fibu (Pulp) works, East Manayunk, Pa., Papeimill and Fibu Works, Royer's Ford, Pa*, Business, Office, Morse Building, No. 140 Nassau Street, E. Embree, Agent.-In manufacturing enterprise, the United States is fast outstripping all competitlon, and the character and magnitude of the enterprises now in successful operation have not their counterpart in any other quarter of the globe. Notably is this the case in the manufacture of paper, which froth the time of the "papyrus" of the ancient Egyptians, has up to the present played such an ever increasingly prominent and useful part in the world's progress. The increasing consumption of paper led manyyears ado to anearnestexperimental search being made for suitable substitutes for rags, and many substances have been used with more or less success. It has remained, however, for American inventive genius to directly utilize the trees of the forest in the production of a fibu suitable for the use of Manufacturers in all kinds of paper, in combination with rags. and the leading concern now actively engaged in its manufacture is The American Wood Paper Company, represented in New York by Mr. E. Embree, No. 140 Nassau street. The company was incorporated in 1864, and has had a prosperous and steadily enlarging career of usefulness to date. The company's exteasive fibu works are advantageously situated at East Manayunk, Pa, which have a large capacity-about 20 tons per dayand are fully fitted up with the most improved machinery and applianu, and consume annually many thousand cords of soft woods. The company's paper and fibu mill is doted at Royers Ford, Pa., and is in every respeet a thoroughly first-class estab-e Bitmeat where is produced a superior article of pure bleached fibu, which is in steady demand in the manufacture of filne news and book paper, while a superior quality of writing paper is also produced from it. The cm a's improved processes, enable it to 272 NEW YORK'S LEA.DING INDUSTRIES. Palge's Hotel, corner Spring and West Streets, New York.-One of the most desirable hotels in New York in the European plan is the favorite Paige's Hotel, corner of Spring and West streets. It is a large and commodious structure, six stories in height and has a frontage of seventy-five feet on West street and fifty-two feet on Spring street. It contains seventy-nine rooms graduated in price according to location and size. The halls and corridors are wide, spacious and convenient, while the rooms are all commodious, handsomely furnished, and elegant in all their appointments, fixtures and upholstery. The dining-roomhas a seating capacity for one hundred and isalso finely furnished. The whole reflects much credit on the good taste and excellent judgment of the esteemed proprietor, Mr. David S. Paige, who built in 1846 the present hotel which is now one of the old landmarks of New York. Mr., Paige though still in the prime of life, is a veteran hotel keeper, and has a practical experience having conducted the old Collins Hotel which wassituated on the corner of West and Hoboken streets. He is highly honored by all who know him, and represented the Fifth District in the assembly in 1872, and for three years prior was school Trustee for same. s. Dexter Bingham, Jr., Country Milk and Cream, Office, Nos. 322 and 324 East 85th Street.-Mr. S. Dexter Bingham, Jr., has opened his very praiseworthy estab lishm ent at Nos. 322 at o nd 324 East 85th street, where all parties can obtain milk and cream in p reci sely the same state as nature pro duced the m. Mr. Blngham s ta rte d the bu siness some twenty years ago a t the corner of 65th street and Third Avenue, moving to h is present ad dress about fifteen years ago. His reputation has for so long been the synonym of honesty and fair dealing, that he has an extensi ve patronage am o ng those who car e to make thems elves and their fanabll healthy, strong and vigorou s, and his trade extends all the way from Harlem River to Grand street, requiring six de livery wagons and nine hands to serve subscribers on his many different routes. He has made such arrange mentswhereby he is enabled to obtain from reliable farmers th e b est of milk ev ery day, and as each can ane is aenegnters hisestablishment, its contents are tested with lactometers and other methods, so that the least de ception can be immediately discovered. The milk is all obtained from Delaware and Orange counties, this state, the finest regions in the world for the production ,of this most essential article of daily consumption. He makes one cow's milk a specialty for children, de livering in specially prepared cans, a quart or more from the same cow each day. He has made a remarkable success of his undertaking, and is justly entitled to the large patronage that he receives from all quarters of the city. Mr. Bingham is a very prominent and popular citizen. At one time and for several years, he was commander of Vanderbilt Post 136 of the Grand Army of the Republic, and now takes great interest in that highly deserving organization. Mr. Bingham was formerly with Chauncy Smith in the milk business, he also served three years in the Army of the Potomac, and also filled the responsible position of Lieutenant Governor under Governor Seymour. A. Etzel, Choice Groceries, No. 54 Second Avenue.Mr. Etzel has been in the grocery business since 1866 having first started at 116 Hudson street under the firm name of Etzel & Rapp. He afterward located himself corner Leroy and Hudson till 1872, when he moved to 56th street and Sixth Avenue. He has occupied his present location for the past two years during which time his business has rapidly increased. His store is well adapted for his business and is stocked with a ,choice and desirable line of fine family groceries and provisions. comprising everything pertaining to the trade in all the staple and fancy articles. Fine cremery butter and fresh eggs he makes a specialty of, Ate fruits and vegetables in their season are kept fr and constantly'on hand. Everything in the line of tea, ooffees, and spices is bought from the most reliable dealer and warranted fresh and pa. Mr. Et=el slr wholesale as well as at retail. He is a native of Germany and is an energtic enterprising business man. Nornan L. Niver, Flour, Feed, Grain, &c., No. 208 East 81st Street.-It is now approaching a quarter of a century since Mr. Niver established this business, and for over twenty years it has occupied the same stand increasing in trade with the growth of the neighborhood, and extending in dimensions as its constant prosperity warranted. The trade is both wholesale and retail, hay, straw, grain, feed, choice brands of family flour of all kinds, etc., being dealt in. All goods are sold at the lowest margin of profit consistent with a legitimate busi ness. Goods are delivered free to all parts of the city with promptness and dispatch. Mr. Niver is a resident of New York and is an active and enterprising business man of great push and vim. He is a memberofKnights of Honor, Yorkville Lodge 1619, Royal Arcanum,Polavls Council 617, and Architects lodge 519, F. & A. M. William Menzies, Dentist, No. 610 Sixth Avenue.A gentleman who has attained a high rank in the dental profes sio n, is Dr. W ill iam M enzies, No. 610 Sixth avenue, who devotes several elegantly fitted up apartments forthe purposes o f his busin e ss. Dr. Menzies began the study of dentistry early in life, and graduated with credit at Liver pool, Eng. He is widely known in New York as a careful and reliable dentist, and numbers among his p atron s many of the best families in the city and neighborhood. Dr. cfenzies has ever y facillty and appliance for the painless extraction of teth, which in connec tion with his recognized skill, p goam for him an enviablereputation. He isequally prot nent in the mech anical or surgical brNpnh of h!profession,and makes teeth to order in oe best mauer upon e ither gold, silver, or other mountings in the imot satisfactory manner, at very m o derate prices. Fredenrick a. Shaw's Sons Ho use and Decorative Painters, No. 116 West 39th Street.-It is now rapidly approaching a quarter of a century since the above house was established by Frederick J. Shaw. Upon his decease in 1883 his two sons, Frederick W. and William J. Shaw succeeded him and at the same time removed the shops to their preint location, No. 116 West 39th bet. Broadway and Sixth avenue. They are fully requbfto for Heessfully carrying on the business and a umber of skilled workmen giving all work entirted into their hands the benefit of their immedtate supervision. Both members of the firm are experienced in their line and are noted for doing first-claw work, particularly in decorative designs of which thy make a specialty. Henry G. Volkmar, Boarding and Livery Stable, No. 107 West 39th Street.-Mr. Volkmr established himself in business in 1882, and on e yea sploed to his present location. He has alwayr hire at moderate rates a number of good carriage and addle horses, besides a full supply of stylish carriages, oupes, phaetons, light wagons, landaulets, village carts and all the different kinds of equipages that are used upon all occasions of plebe, festivity, business or at funs. He alob a by the day, week or monthon r i, on!Ig them the best of care. A feature of t iness is the baggage express, which is ready at all times to frey baggage to different parts of the city, for a moderate charge. Mr. Volkmar is a resident of New York, and has already won his way to popular favor and prosperity. 273 I NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. rates'ofpremium. Messrs. McDougall &Hoxie's standing is attested by the following references: Samuel D. Babcock, Esq., ex-President of the Chamber of Commerce; Messrs. Skiddy, Minford & Co., of No. 101 Wall street; Henry L. Hognet, Esq., President of the Emigrant Ins dustrial Savings Bank; V. Mumford Moore, Esq., of A. Person, Harriman & Co., A. C. Fargls, Esq., of Messrm Townsend & Fargis, etc., as regards their facilities, methods and competency. Mayo & WVatson, Contractors and Shippers of the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad Company's Anthracite and Bituminous Coals, Offices, No. 1 Broadway.-The colliery interests of the United States have attained such vast magnitude that they now form one of the most important factors both in American industrial and financial circles, and have enlisted in everypartofthebusinessthebesttrainedtalentsofthe commercial world. Prominent amongthe leadingfirms, (withheadquarters In the metropolis) who are identified with the wholesale cealtrade, is that of Messrs. Mayo & W a t s o n, the popular and widely known contract ors and s h i p p e r s and general agents of the N ew Y ork, L ake E r i e and Western Ralroad Company's anthra cite and bituminous coals. Their facilities and connections are absolutely unequalled, and they have gone on developing a 4teady, high class trade, until it has attained proportions of the greatest magnitude. They handle direct shipments of the famous anthracite coals mined by the Hillside Coal and Iron Company, and which comprise the Forest City, Pleasant Valley and Keystone colleries, located near Scranton and Carbondale, i n the Wyoming and Luzerne region. In bituminous coals the firm are shippers of the brands best adapted for steam raising and smelting Ipurposes, possessing the elements of a true, free-burning fuel in the highest degree. The collieries from which they draw their supplies are the Erie, Dagus and Tonawanda, the annual increase in consumption being the best possible proof of their high qualities. Their anthracite coals are standards in the eastern markets for household and heating purposes, andthesales are correspondingly large. Both members of the firm bring vast practical experience to bear, and have an intimate knowledge of the wants of consumers. Mr. James H. Mayo is widely known in this connection, having represented the coal interests of the Erie railway, and also having acted as their Eastern sales agent for several years past. He is a hard-working business man of superior executive abilities, still in the early prime of manhood, and who has ever faithfully served the best interests of both the company and the public. Mr. Oliver Watson possesses a wide range of experience. He was formerly general manager of the Buffalo, New York and Philadelphia railroad, which company handles the largest quantity of bituminous coal t*at reaches Buffalo. Mr. Watson is still a young man, and his energy and enterprise are proverbial. Both as most extensive contractors and shippers of coal, the firm has ever ably discharged the onerous duties devolving upon it. The co-partners are gentlemen of the most sterling honor and integrity. McDougall & Hoxie, General Inserace Brokers, No. 145 Broadway, southwest corner of Liberty Street. -One of the representative firms identified with leading insurance circles is that of Messrs. McDougall & Hoxie. The members of the firm, Mr. D. McDougall and Mr. William E. Hoxie formed their present co-partnership in 1878, and during the intervening period have developed a trade and connections of the most extended character. Mr. McDougall was for nearly thirty years the resident partnerof the oldand well known French importing house of H. Hennequin & Co., and after 1874 President of the Commerce Insurance Company, of this city, of which Mr. Hoxie was the only Secretary during its entire existence of twenty years, until its close in 1878, when these two gentlemen were jointly entrusted with its liquidation. The firm represents the interests of many of our leading citizens in insurance matters and enjoys a firstclass reputation for business methods and honorable dealing, which has led to their being entrusted with the insurance of important lines of property. They do a general insurance business, securmng fire, marine and life policies in ourleading and most substantial corporations, and at exceptionally favorable Henry G. Schmidt & Co., Importers, Office, 38 Bea. ver Street.-A representative importing hotse of the metropolis,is that of Messrs. Henry G. Schmidt & Co., ot No. 38 Beaver street. The firm is one of the oldest es. tablished in the wholesale wine andliquor trade, having been foundedsomethirty years ago. Duringitslengthy career it h as ever maintained the highest of re putations for its honorable methods and sterling integrity, while it has ever been in the van of progressive enterprise. The business is at present conducted by Mr. Emil Cuntz, the sole surviving partner, who retains the time honored and respected name and style of Henry G. Schmidt & Co. His estSablishment, (which is one of Ilhe largest of its kind in New York,) has been located permanently in Beaver street. and for the past twenty-five yoars in the pre sent eligible and central p remises, occupying the entire three story building, No. 38, which is25 feet by 75 in dimensions. Here is carried one of the largest and best selected stock of wines and liquors to be found in the market, and comprising many brands ant specialties exclusively handled in America by Mr. Cuntz, who is the oldest importer on the street, having been located here since 1857. He is sole agent for the following-world renowned houses, viz: Bollinger of Ay, whose Champagnes have taken the lead in the United States as regards purity and excellence, andt have a prestige.in Europe and America indicative of the high standard of perfection ever maintained. He is also sole agent for Fischler & Co's Clarets and Sauternes from Bordeaux; Jules Regnier's Burgundies from Dijon: D. M. Feuerheerd, Jr., & Co.'s Port Wines from Oporto. Jose Pemartin-Feuerheerd's Sherries from Jerezdela Frontera; and F. Dessandier & Co's Brandies fronm Jarnac-Cognae. All the above lines of goods are stand. ard and so widely known to the public, that any fur. ther comment upon our part would be superfluous. Mr. Cuntz is also a Bvavy and direct importer of Irish and Scotch whiskies, gin, rum, cordials, etc., and is a mer. chant of vast practical experience in his line, being an authority upon all matters connecce with the trade. He commands a wide-spread and influential connection including among his permanent customers, the leading jobbers, dealers hotel and wine-room proprietors, passenger steamships, and large consumers generally. He has ever given a public spirited support to all measures best calculated to advance the permanent welfare and prosperity of the trade as well as of the city at large, and fully merits the large measure of sumcess which has attended his well directed efforts. Thompson Bros., Coffees, No. 132 Front Street.Prominent among the representative tea houses of New York is that of Messrs. Thompson Bros., No. 182 Front Street. They have been established fifteend years, and from a modest beginning have built up a large and influential trade. They import extensively the choicest grades of coffee, and are prepared at all times to execute orders in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. They are members of the Coffee Exchange, and are among the most widely known men in the business. Messrs. Wm. and H. W. Thompson, who form the copartnership, are both thorough-going business men. Their career has been a successful one and bears evidence of their strict integrity and sterling personal worth, and they are highly esteemed as hon orable merchants and liberal, public spirited citizens 274 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Wm. J. Thompson, Furnishing Undertaker, No. 802 Ninth Avenue, between 53rd and 54th Streets.-Mr. Wnm. J. Thompson established himself in business in 1872, a nd has since enjoyed a continued prosperity. Mr. Thompson furnishes everythin g requi red for a burial promptly, and in the most satisfactory manner, and so well are his duties performed, that his services are generally sought after by bereaved relatives or friends, who can with confidence rely on his considerate attention. The premises occupied are very spacious and convenient, and are fully stocked with an excellent assortment of caskets, coffins, corpse-preservers, etc. Every requisite for funerals is provided, and the establishment is as complete and extensive as any in this part of the city, hearses, carriages and everything else in connection with funerals being furnished with promptness and dispatch. . Welte & Sons, Orchestrions, No. 49 West 30th street. -Among the leading houses engaged in this line, is that of Messrs Welte & Sons, whose business was founded originally in Germany in 1830, the New York branch being opened in 1866. The headquarters of the house is located at Frieburg. Baden, from which place many instruments are exported to this country. The orchestrions made by this house are recognized as the finest made. In 1849 they received the gold medal at Karlsruhe, and since then they have been awarded the highestpremiums at the great exhibitions of Paris, London, Philadelphia and other places. These orchestrions are a triumph of inventive skill and musical genius, and they are familiar to most New Yorkers, who have heard them in our leading music halls and gardens. The New York establishment does a large business. Mr. Welte is a member of Anchor Lodge 729, F. A. M. and Royal Arch Masons, and also to the Pentalpha Chapter 20. SRydervo Cigar Emporium, No. 53 West Broadway.-Mr. F. Snyder who for several years past has been engaged in the manufacture of hard rubber goods, such as pipe stems, match boxes, cigar holders, etc., at Nos. 393 and 395 Canal street, recently opened up a cigar emporium at No. 53 West Broadway. The store occupied is spacious and well adapted to the trade. The interior arrangements display arti s o tic taste and ability. A large and well assorted stock of choice imported and domestic cigars, which embraes all the popular and well known brands is carried, also smoking and chewing tobacco of the lirest quality and cigarettes from all celebrated makers. In addition Mr. Snyder carries a large assortment of fancy and staple smokers' articles of the most unique design and finish. That his new enterprise is a success is evinced by the large and steadily increasing patronage he now enjoys, which is drawn from the leading merchants and commercial men doing business in the vicinity. Mr. Snyder is well known to the trade, and his rubber goods have a standard reputation. He is a genial, liberal and energetic business man, prompt and reliable in all transactions and he is highly esteemed by all who know him. He is an active mem-re ber of Empire City Lodge, 1. 0.0. F., and takes an interest in every movement that has for its object the welfare and advancement of his fellow citizens. L Siegel & Sons, Tailors, Nos. 560 and N2 Third Avenue.-Messrs.A.Siegel & Sons were originally established in 1872 The premises occupied in Third Avenue are centrally located, very commodious and equipped with every facility and appliance s for the display of the splendid stock and the comfort of customers. The firm likewise possesses an establishment at No 146 Nassau street, and are thoroughly proficient, having acquired a high reputation in the art of fine custom tailoring. A. Siegel & Sons are noted for the marked good taste displayed in the selection of their stock, they giving their customers the very best assortments from which to choose for either dress or business suits. This stock -consists of fine cloths, cassimeres and suitings of their own importation, and is composed of every variety of the latest styles of the day, in stripes, plaids, checks, mottled and other figures, which are made upeo order at prices most moderate and in the latest styles. The individual members of this flourishing firm are Messrs. A. A. Junior, Charles and J. D. Siegel, who are thoroughlypractical men, and acquainted with every detail of custom tailoring. The facilities of this house for the prompt fulfilment of orders, is unurpassed and comprises a corps of one hundred skilled tailors, whose operations are all conducted under the personal supervision of the proprietors. N. Mnddleton, M.D., Drug gist, No. 59 MDougal Street.-Th is bu sin ess w as es tabl ish ed in 1844by Mr. John Jones, who was succeeded by a Mr. Hatch, to be in turn followed by the present proprietor. Mr. Middleton has had an experience extending over thirty years in this business, and he underst ands eve ry detai l thereof, having for many years been engaged in the same line in Norwich, Conn. His store is twenty by thi r ty five feet in dimensions, and the stock comprise s full lines of fresh pure drugs, chemicals, and the reputable proprietar y med icin e s, together with toilet articles, perfumes, extracts, &c., which are usually kept on sale in first class drug stores. Mr, Middleton gives his personal attention to the compounding of physicians' and family prescriptions, employing none but competent assistants and using only the ireshest and purest drugs to be found in the market. He is a native of Jefferson County, this state, has attained the age of sixty years and has lived in New York City twenty five years. He is a gentleman of fine scholarly attainments, who enjoys the utmost confidence of all who know him, and is drawing from among the people in the vicinity a very large and lucrative business. S. Hayes, Decorative and Plain Painting, Paper Hanging, No. 69 West 35th Street.-This establishment was founded in 1865 by Mr. Hayes, who does a large and lucrative business. He makes a specialty of decoratve and plain painting, paper hanging and wood poling, and has every facility for executing the largest orders in the promptest and most artistic man. ner. Amoun his patrons are many of our leading property owners, who find his work and prices satisfactory in every respect. He employs none but the best and most skilled workmen, and all orders entrusted to his care, are perform in a omaner that Is sure to give satisfaction. J. W. Johnston, Shirt Maker and Dealer in Hosiery and Mens' Furnishing Goods, No. 260 Grand Street. -Mr. Johnston is one of the most reliable business men in New York, and has built up a trade, alike creditable to him and the community wherein he is located. He is a native of Ohio, and brought with him to this city that force of character and energy, that is noticeable in the lives of so many men from his native state. He occuptes a large store between Chrystie and Forsyth streets in Grand, and handles all kinds of mens' furnishing goods, ladies' hosiery, Carturite and Warner's underwear, boys' shirts and neck wear of the finest quality. Mr. Johnston's specialty is shirt making, both for the trade and tomeaure. The material used, style and finish is unexcelled. His dress shirts are the finest in the city, and so much attention has Mr. Johns-i tiOn paid to this branch of his large business, that his trade is not oy local but extends throughou t the otry. 275 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. :Fred. Dolle, Manufacturer of Parlor Furniture, No.o 156 West 27th Street. —A review of the great mercantile.. and manufacturing interests of the metropolis would be incomplete without a mention of the furniture manufacturing establishment of Mr. Fred Dolle, No. 156 West 27th street. This business was established at the above location fifteen years ago, by the present proprietor, and under his judicious management it ha&, Hulet Odell, Sale and Exchange Stables, No. 144 East Twenty-fourth Street.-Among the livery establishments located on Twenty-fourth street we call atn tention to that of Hulet Odell, Esq., No. 144 East Twenty- fourth Stree, betw Third and Lexington avenues. Mr. Odell has had an experience of more than forty years in the busl making him the oldest man in the line inthe city, and always occupied thesame premitses. These are well fitted up in every way adapted to the business and have ample accmmodatons for upwards of one hundred horses. Horses are received and sold or exchanged at low rates of commission and to the best advantage of patronsof the house. His stablesare eligibly and centrally located at Twenty-fourth street between Third and Fourth avenues, and Mr. Odell's long and intimate acquaintance with that noble animal, the horseman's companion and servant, qualify him to judge accurately of the merits of any animal requiring his inspection and judgment. Mr. Odell resides in New York and is wellknown in all circles, and is highly spoken of as an active, reliable man. Theadore Wehle & Co., Insurance Brokers, No. 32 Liberty Street.-Mr. Wehle has been engaged in this business for the last eighteen years, and is well able to select a sound and substantial company to present to his large list of patrons. In 1880 he admitted Mr. Ohlweiler into partnership, the firm being known by the style and title of T. Wehle & Co. They transact all kinds of fire, marine and inland insurance, and in consequence of their extensive connections, are enabled to offer very superior inducements to patrons. Both members of the firm, Messrs. Theodore Wehle and Adam Ohlweiler, are greatly respected in the commercial world for their ability and integrity, and are justly entitled to their present extensive business, which they know so well how to foster and promote. Theodore Wehle, Manufacturer of J. Goldmark's Percussion Caps, No. 32 Liberty Street.-The maanufacture of percussion caps was begun by Dr. J. Goldmark in 1851, and continued by that gentleman with great success until his decease in 1881. Mr. Wehle then succeeded to the business, and since that time has maintained the high character which it had attained during the thirty previous years. The manufactory atBrooklynisalarge establishment, and employs numerous hands turning out the caps which are manufactured for the home and export trade, the latter for the most part being Mexico and South America. The caps G. D., S. B., F. L, (foiled linen) E. B. Central Fire and U. S. Musket Caps, are not surpassed by any of the kind in the market and are destined to supersede all others, judging by the inmmense popularity in which they are held. D. Buchner & Co., Manufacturers of Fine Cut, Plug and Smoking Tobaccos, Snuff and Cigarettes, Nos. 173 and 175 Duane and No. 14 Jay Streets.-A representative tobacco house of New York is that of D. Buchner & Co., whose immense factory and salesrooms are located at -Nos. 173 and 175 Duane streets, and extend through to No. 14 Jay street. The business swv establishedin 1876, at the present eligible premises, which consist of a plug tobacco factory 25x100 feet, and eight stories inheight with one addition of two wings 25x100 feet in size, andl the finte but smoking and cigarette factory 50x100 feet in size and six stories in height. The business of this great manufactory is simply enormous, payin ~ of the revenue tax on tobaccos in their district, Second New York. It extends throughout the MUnite States. The pawners of th concern are Messrs. David Bummner and Louis Beckel, who are well known in both social and commercial circles as genltlemenl of strict honor anad integrity. developed and grown to its present large proportions: The building occupied is commodious and substantiallyconstructed, the interior arrangements being perfect. The factory is equipped with all the new and most improved mumnery and appliances. A large force of skilled workmen are constantly employed and a vast amount of elegant parlor flriture is turned out, which for beauty and orgi n of design, superiority of finish, an drability Xs,ri'alled by the product of any maker. Mr. Dolle controls an extensive local p&aUm and does a very large trade extendingall over the country, the fArbbune manufactured by him having a standard reputation in the trade. Mr. Dolle is a resident of the metropolis, and is highly esteemed both im c cial and private life as an. honorable g nn od sterling personal worth and character, and well qualified to sustain his social and commereial a. Althof, Bergman & Co., Importers of Toys and Fancy Goods and Manufacturers of Tin and llfechanical Toys, No. 26 Barclay Street.-Much of tlhe credit for the prosperous condition of the toy interest in this country is due to the representative house of Messrs. Althof, Bergmann & Co., whse offices and salesrooms are located at No. 26 Barclay street. This business was originally founded as far back as 1844.'I factory is located at Nos. 142 and 144 Mulberry street, and is equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances for the manufacture of all daiptior s of otin and mechanical toys, employment beiig given to a large number of skilled and experienced operatives. The success of the firm is attributable to the fact that both parties are thoroughly conversant with the business, and have made it a close practical study. Their combined talent, skail and capital have made theirs one of the largest establishments in the metropolis, engaged In the manufacture, sale and importation of fancy goods and toys. Messrs. Althof & Bergmann are recognized practical judges of the merits of toys and are able promptly to decide whether a design or suggested idea is worthy of development or manufacture. Personally they are highly esteemed. I i I 276 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. VIP' of which is located on Fourth Avenue, at the corner of 126th street. This place has been in operation a for over-fifteen years. Mr. Hubbell's yards cover a hte area, and contain a vast stock of fm, both hard Md soft coal, red and white ash, with the ever poor Franklin and Lackawanna brands. His stock of wood covers all varieties of fuel, hard and soft, cut to any length desired, or split fineforkindling. Mr. Hubbell's enterprise and skill in carrying on the different branch. es of his large business have won him the commendation of all. A native of New York, he has become identified as one of her most active business men, and is widely known and respected. Geerge Walker, Brush Manufacturer, No. 656 Ninth Avmue. Factory, Little Falls, N. J.-This important eaterprise was established in 1866 at the present locatio, No. 656 Ninth avenue, Mr. Walker, the proprietor, beg a gentman of long experience in this branch of tde. His factory, which is located at Little Falls, Passaic county, N.J., is equipped with all the most imoed machinery for the manufacture of brushes. The store oN th avenue, is spacious and is stocked wll eery description of brushes for hand or machine um. Mr. Walr man tures largely for the trade, his puets having a standard reputation for dusability and finish. His business is to a great extent with the large wholesale establishments in this city and throeghout the country. He makes a specialty of brushes to order and does repairing at the shortest notice. His stock which is complete in every detail embraces brushes for all pubes, which are strictly first-class, both in quality and finish. Mr. Walker is well known in mercantile Whyas an energetic, honorable business man. His courtesy and politeness to customers has gained for him their hearty good will and h e is much respected and esteemedboth in busines and social circles. W. S. Place, Engraver on Wood, Nos. 39 and 41 An Street.-A' representative house in the business of en graving on wood, is that of Mr. W. S. Place, Nos. 39 and 41 Ann street, which was established in 1867, and in con sequence of increasing trade removed to its present eligible location in 1883. The character of the work produced is all kinds of engraving on wood, modellng and designing. Especial attention is given to the eS ting of monograms, signatures, landscapes, buidge, illustrations, labels, etc., and other descriptions of work, which are executed with precision and dispateh,at very reasonable prices, satisfaction being guaranteed in all cases. The premises occupied are very camodious and complete, and are admirably equipped with the most improved tools and machinery, constant employ ment being afforded to a considerable number of aklled and experienced artisans. Mr. Place possesses rare genius in this line of business and is practical in every department thereof, and has achieved an enviable re. putation, both at home and abroad for the artistie merits of all his work. B. B. Epstein. Gents' Furnishing Goods, No. 246 Third Avenue.-One of the most attractive business es tablishments in this section, is the gents' furnishing store of Mr. H. B. Epstein, of No. 246 Third avenue, be tween 20th and 21st streets. The store is large and spacious, the interior being arranged in the most to ful manner, and the display of gents' furnishing goods is one of the largest and best to be seen in this locality. Mr. Epstein has been engaged in this business for a number of years, and understands it thoroughly in its every detail. He deals only with the largest importers and manufacturers, and possesses such facilities as able him to sell his goods at a very low figure. stock embraces everything in the gents' furhingA, including scarfs, ties, underwear, hosiery, Spen s &c., while a specialty is made of gentlemen's sbr, of which he cares an extensive line and makes to war, a perfect fit being guaranteed. Mr. Epstein is a gtleman widely known, and enjoys a large, luer and substantial trade. J. J. D. Meyer, Imported and Domestic Segars, No.6T Bowery, (near Canal Street.)-The reliable imp and dole cigar mtablient of Mr. 1, e No. 67 Bowery, ewas by that gentlom T Ve yeas ago. He does a large business, and May a heavy stok of imported and domestic cigars of all kinds and grades, together with pipes, tobacco pounes, the very best varit of uid, and all oeuer erte pertaining to the trade, meershaum goods be mde a specialty. The store is spaous in dimeons, and is very nicely fitted up and made attractive by the use of ornamental show cases and comters. The is extensive,embracing everything in this line of siness, and is displayed wm a high degree of ilM and good ta. A large buness, both wholesale and mrail 18s done annually. Mr. Meyrs a atie of Germany, and has been in the United J many years,. hal occupied his present location twelve years of that without interruption. MC. H. Tindale, Hatter, No. 348 Third Avenue.-This gentleman is well known to the trade generally as a prompt, reliable and trustworthy dealer. He has had many years experience in the business, and understands it thoroughly in all its details. He is a native of New 'fork State, but has been a resident of this city for many years and has occupied his present premises since 1874. His store is handsomely fitted up, and contains a well selected assortment of silk, wool and felt hats and caps, both of home and foreign manufacture of every description. suitable for all seasons, and which for beauty and style cannot be surpassed. He also carriesa full assortment of umbrellas. Mr. Tindale is a practical hatter, and a gentleman of great taste and judgment, and purchases only from the most celebrated manufacturs who are noted for their fine work and excellent finish of their goods. He is constantly replenishing his stock with the most recent productions, and his establishment is a resort for the most fashionable gentlemen. Mr. Tindale is an honorable, and conscientious gentleman, and is widely known and highly respected as a trustworthy meechant and a liberal public-spirited citizen. EL Bad n, Jr. Flour, Grain, Hay, Straw, &c., No. 2D7 Ear 110th Street, near Third Avenue.-One of the best known dealers in this line in Harlem is Mr. H. Budelmnan, Jr., of No. 2009 Third Avenue, a native-born citizen of New York, and who has (except during the period of the Rebellion) been directly identified with the growth and prosperity of the metropolis. Mr. Budelman enlisted in the 9th Regiment, and went to the front with it, ably and faithfully serving his country during the Mung three years of the war. During the progress of hostilities he was one of those detached to the New York Sixth Flying Artillery, which gave such an excellent account of Aten. Upon his return to New Yek in 1M, fr. Budelman emblished his present busi and has since energetially aW ucemfully carriediton. He occupies acentrally locatedtwo-story A, 25.fbet by dein dimensions in which he cam at all times a large and complete stock of the best of Boor, grain, hay, straw, feed, &c. and counts among his best customers many of our most prominent citizen uptown. 0. O. Hubbello, Dealer i n C oal and Wood, comer of Fourth Avenue and 126th Street.-The largest and oldest establishment in the Hariem District for supplying v nhabi ts of New York wth fuel, is the coal and Rod yards of Mr. Cyrus O. Hubbell, the principal office NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. rn 278 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Lloyd, Business and Store Agent, No. 309 Broadway.-In connection with the business of store agent, special attention is directed to the well-known and reliable house of Mr. A. Lloyd, No. 309 Broadway, which was founded by the present proprietor in 1869. Mr. Lloyd sells privately or at auction, stores and property of every description, executes chattel mortgages and bills of sale, and forecloses the same when directed by clients, who can implicitly rely on his sound judgment and ability. In consequence of his extensive connections, Mr. Lloyd is enabled to undertake the prompt sale, purchase and exchange of houses, stores and lots, and is also prepared to secure loans on bond and mortgage, at reasonable rates. Mr. Lloyd is a native of New York, and justly merits the large measure of success, which has attended his well directed efforts. J. M. Tracy, Park Stables, No. 47 to 51 East 62d Street, between Madison and Park Avenues.-One of the most important and popular livery and boarding establish ments located in the metropolis, is that known as Tracy's Park Stables, Nos. 47 to 51 East 62d street, This business was founded by Mr. J. M. Tracy in 1873, and since then has always commanded a liberal and permanent patronage. The stables are well ventilated, drained and lighted, and are in charge of careful grooms and stallmen. Every care and attention are given to horses entrusted to the proprietor. Mr. Tracy has some of tne finest and most stylish equipages to be seen lnthe metropolis, anda stock of superior thoroughbred driving horses, which can be hired for business or pleasure, night or day, on moderate terms. Among the carriages are included some elegant. coaches, broughams, landaus, landaulettes, cabriolets, buggies etc. In the stock of horses will be found those suitable for ladies to drive, and also some splendid goers for those who like to make lively movements on the road. Mr. Tracy has established a branch at Madison Avenue near 65th street, and his stables are connected by Bell Telephone and for the convenience of his numerous patrons all district telegraph orders are paid promptly at his offices. Mr. Tracy has spent the whole of his life in this business, and is considered in this section of the city an authority upon the noble animal, and in his stables will be found some of the crack horses of gentlemen residing in this vicinity. Mr. Tracy had the care ofGeneral Grant's splendid horses, also Mr. John Kelly's and gentlemen of like celebrity. He conducts an extensive business in his livery department, and also in boarding and taking care of horses. His establishment isonly one block from Central park, and this makes i t most convenient for all who desire a drive in this Eden of New York. Personally, Mr. Tracy is held in the highest estimation by all classes of citizens. Mmele Joannes, Pharmacist, No. 19 Rivington Street, corner Chrystie.-Among the popular drug stores which attract attention by the tasteful manner in which they are arranged is that of Mr. Emile Joannes who six years ago succeeded the well known house of Otto Breves. This business was originally esta b-e lished twenty-fiveyears ago by Mr. Strauss, Mr. Breves having ran the business for twelve years. Mr. Joannes occupies a well arranged store, fitted up in the best manner with attractive show cases and counters. Besides a first-class stock of drugs, chemicals and druggists' sundries are kept on hand and toilet articles of all kinds sponges, brushes, perfumes, extracts &Ce. A specialty is made of compounding phy. sicians' prescriptions and family recipes which is done under the immediate supervision of the proprietor. Mr. Joannes is a young man thirty-six years of age and a native of France. He has been twelve years in this country and has gained his knowledge of the drug trade from years of experience. Irving Hall, 15th Street and Irving Place, Abraham Goldstein, Lessee and Proprletor.-In the matter of large and well equipped halls forpublic gatherings New York is ahead of all other cities. One of the most widely I known is Irving Hall, 15th street and Irving Place. It was built in 1864, was conducted for many years by Lafayette Harrison, and has been the scene of many an important political gathering. The interior decorations are artistic and the furnishing throughout is of the handsomest kind. Irving Hall is the most popular ball room of the metropolis. It is well lighted, steam heated and ventilated. Ample space in the basement is devoted to the restaurant and cafe. Much of the popularity of Irving Hall is due to the liberal, honorable, and straightforward system of the genial lee a nd proprietor, Mr. Abraham Goldstein, Rho Ihad it in charge for the past seven years. H. B. Dun ham & Son, Gene ral Insura nce Agents, Nos. 161 Broadway, New York, 781 Broad Street, New ark, New Jersey.-A prominent position has been attained by the well-known house of Messrs. H. B. Dunham & Son, which was established in 1859 by the senior partner, and has since that period obtained a liberal and influential patronage. They occupy extensive offices at No. 161 Broadway, handsomely furnished and immediately in the midst of the fire insurance district. Messrs. Humphrey B. Dunham & Son transact all kinds of fire, marine and inland insuran ce, and h avin g absolute control wthe N ork in e a of the New York business of each of he companies they represent, they are not only able to offer superior inducements, but can secure a sure and prompt adjustment of all losses that may occur. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. Henry B. and Theo. L. Dunham, who are highly esteemed in financial and insurance circles for their integrity and ability. They refer with the greatest satisfaction to Wm. S. Nichols & Co.,bankers, No. 38 Wall street, Mar tin & Runyon, brokers, No. 40 Wall street, Vanderburg, Wells & Co., No. 18 Dutch street, and have established a branch office at No. 781 Broad street, Newark, New Jersey. The position which they have universally occu pied in the transaction of a diversified business has been clearly indicative of an energy and liberality that has been justly rewarded in the great success achieved and the high esteem with which Messrs. Dunham & Son are regarded in the metropolis. John N. Blad, Platform and Dry Goods Trucks, No. 54 West Broadway.-For store, warehouse, platform and dry goods trucks, the manufacturing house at the head of which appears the name of John N. Blasi, has taken the leading place for many years. Its history began in the year 1858 and from quite a moderate beginning it has become a large business, employing a goodly number of skilled and proficient workmen who are chosen for their special knowledge in this department of manufacture. Mr. Blasi warrants entire satisfaction m the quality of his goods, claims that his prices are as low as first-class goods can be bought in any market. Mr. Blasi has been twenty-nine years in this business as engineer, machinist and blacksmith, and erects all kinds I and varieties of steam pumps,hoisting engines,elevators, and machinery of all kinds; also plumbing, steam fitting and gas fitting,and pipes and fittings of all kinds for steam, gas and water, furnished at trade prices, Shafting, pulleys and hangings supplied on short notice. Mr. Blasi is the inventor of a number of useful improvements in connection with these goods, including a fve wheel truck and a very'excellent frame for a sidewalk elevator. Mr. Blasi's shop is located at No. 54 West Broadway, and is thoroughly equipped and furnished throughout with all the newest tools and appliances, by which labor and correspondingly prices are reduced without any deterioration in the quality of the work done. 278 NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. -~~~E YR'LEDNIDUTRIS 7 aF. Iarry Hamilton, New Livery Stables, Nos. 126 and 128 West 46th Street.-One of the most popular and best patronized livery establishments in New York is that known as the New Livery Stables, F. Harry Hamilton, proprietor, which are well located at Nos. 122, 124, 126 and 128 West 46th street, between Broadway and Sixth avenue. These stables were established by Mr. Hamilton about fifteen years ago, and have been located as above since 1878. They are well fitted up throughout with accommodations for one hundred and fifteen horses. A limited number are taken to board, every attention being paid to their comfort. Mr. Hamilton is a resident of New York, is thoroughly conversant with every detail of his business, and gives it the benefit of his personal supervision. At. J. Gallivan, Excelsior Stables, No. 121 West 45th Street.-Among the representative business men in this section of the city is Mr. M. J. Gallivan. The inception of the business dates from 1878, and during the years it has been in existence has steadily increased in the favor and confidence of the public. Mr. Gallivan has always occupied his present location, and has made alterations according to the increase of business warranting the same, until the various improvements render his stables a model of their kind for completeness In every detail of accommodation, neatness, cleanliAless and ventilation. There are ample accommodations for some forty horses. A number of fine animals are kept for the conveniences of such as wish to hire. Everything is under the direct supervision of Mr. Gallivan, a shrewd man of business, thoroughly up in all the requirements of his line. He is progressive, and liberal in his views, and is making a steady advancement in pace with the ideas of the times. John Dunn, Boarding Stable No. 225 West 58th Street. -The extensive and well conducted boarding stables of Mr. John Dunn were first established by him in 1881 and removed to their present location two years later. They are well located near the Elevated Road and Central Park, at Nos. 225 and 227 West 58th street, between Broadway and Seventh avenue. The stables are large, well ventilated and provided with every comfort and convenience for the care of horses. Mr. Dunn has also number of box stalls. A number of citizens avail themselves of these advantages, over sixty horses being constantly stalled in Mr. Dunn'sestablishment. Mr. Dunn has had an experience of twenty six years in the business, having kept a large stable for a long time at Cleveland, Ohio. G. W. Bishop, Sale and Exchange Stables, No. 143 East24th Street.-One of the leading representative men engaged in the sale and exchange stable business in New York is Mr. G. W. Bishop, who has a fine commodious stable at No. 143 East 24th street, which, under his superior management, has become one of the most popu Robert Hafl & Son, Livery Stables, No. 150 East 39th Street.-Among the leading and well-equipped Livery Stables of the metropolis are those owned by Messrs. Robert Hall & Son, who occupy the spacious premises No. 150 East 39th street. The business was established nine years ago, and has always enjoyed a prosperous career. The stables are substantially constructed and well ventilated. The coaches, landaus, coupes and victorias kept are of the most stylish kind, and the stock of horses is in excellent condition, many of them being well known speeders. Every facility for conducting a first-class livery business is at hand, and the stables enjoy a large patronage which is drawn from among the best class of citizens. Mr. Robert Hall, the genial proprietor, is well andpopularly known to the people of the twenty-first ward, and has always taken an active interest in every movement that had f or its object the welfare of his fellow citizens. He represents them in the present Board of Aldermen, his election being by an overwhelming majority. As a business man he is reliable, fair and honorable in al transactions, and is sure to make an excellent record while in offie. Sherwood & Sease, Livery Stables, Furniture Packed and Removed, Nos. 1307 and 1309 Washington Avenue, Morrisania, New York.-The above well known firm have well ventilatedfirst-class stables, twenty-five by eighty feet in size, and can furnish the best accommodations for boarding horses by the day, week, or month on the most reasonable terms. They give their special attention to the care of horses placed under their charge, and always look after their welfare and comfort. They also furnish horses and carriages for all purposes at any hour of the day or night. Coaches are run all night to suit the convenience of customers. Tlhey aliso make a specialty of removing furniture which they pack and move with the greatest care at short notice,using fine covered Arnte trucks to protect them from the weather. Theythave ten fine horses and eighteen carriages which are coantly kept in use, and three men are employed who undend their duties thoroughly. Both mAnbe A the firmare natives of lwew York, ad ant wel-l s t be aaind ha tive to the wats of their patrons. They are boha Wly popular. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 279 far In the city. Mr. Bishop has been In the, business upward of a quarter of a century and for flve years has been located as above. He conducts a general sale and exchange business, receiving horses and disposing of them upon commission. He is fully posted and experienced In aM matters pertaining to horse-flesh, and can be trusted to do the best possible thing for his patrons. He is a resident of New York, and enjoys a high degree of popularity. George Bunfleld, Livery and Boarding Stables, Nos. 150 and 152 East 57th Strmk New York.-This gentle has been engaged in his present blsiiiess for upwards of twenty-five years, andhas been in his resent location about eleven years. He is one of the best known men in the 19th Ward. His stables are substantially con,structed and can mmodate some sixty horses. They are well ventilated and lighted, and provided with drains arranged upon sanitary principles. Every attention is given'by careful grooms to the care and welfare of the Mr. Bmfteld es on a general &tabling business, taking- horses for board, also, keeping on hand for hire handsome I=daus, coupes, light wagons, etc., and whia are aJI of the latest style. Ms which are ineharge of ompetent and en drivers, ,equal those of auy o"ble tn the e". Kr. BamAeld has had many years expe among hor md is ored high authority tn bb knowledge of the - NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. makes a-specialty of army and navy uniforms, and has scores of permanent customers in these two arms of the'public service, from generals down to our younger co mmissioned officers. His tra de extends all over the country and embraes somie of the leading merchants, bankers and politicians of the United States. Sbteglieh &Baose, Custom House Brok ers, and For warding Commission Merchants, No. 76 William Stre et. -One of the leading and res ponsi ble Arm of custom house brokers established in New York is that of Messers. Steglich & Baese, of No. 76 William street, between Liberty and Cedar streets. The co-partners, Mr.h Julius Steglich, and Mr. C. Otto Baese, bring a wide range ofpractical experience tobear, and have now been permanently established in business since 865. They are very widely and favorably known th roughout the representative mercanti le circle s of this city and also in other centres of commerce, while no members of the brokerage fraternity are more popular with the official s of the custom house. They are recognized authorities upon the interpretation of the ta riff, and conversant with every detail of the modu ora of thi he custom house. They represent many of the largest New York importers, and have also built up a fine connection as forrd ommission merchants, being prepared to enter and clear lurge and small consignments of goods of every description at this port, and ship them direct to their representatives at At of final destination. W. D. Bruen, Oileloths, Nos. 124 and L12 Church Street.-The New York offices and salesrooms of George W. Blabon & Co., of Philadelphia, manufacturers of oil cloths, are located at the above address. The history of this eminent manufactring house goes back some forty years, and from quite an ordinar beginning, through enterpris and abilty, they have become leading an cturers in their line. The great factory of this house, which occupies as many as twentyfour buildings is one of the largest and most complete of its kind in the United States, supplied with all the newest and most modern labor-saving machines known in the process of the trade, and affording employment to 300 skilled operators. This concern makes all kinds and varieties of floor, table, enameled and stair oil-cloths, floor oilcloths being specialty. Of then they produce really the best goods the market offers, and for the same have been awarded =my prizes and premiums in all the exhibitions of the world, including the very high honor of the gold medal at Paris in 1878. For the past six years Messrs. Geo. W. Blabon & Co. have been ably represented in this market by Mr. W. D. Bruen, a gentleman of very extensive acquaintance in the trade, and whose familiarity with the same has done much to perpetuate this firm's honorable name in this market. Owen Seagrave, Pattern and Model Maker, Harlem Railroad Depot,Room No. 14 White Stcet-A prominent house engaged in this trade is that of Mr.Owen Seagrave, Harlem Railroad Depot, White street, who is suc cessor to Mr. Gustavus Burger. The premises occupied are equipped with all the latest improved appliances and tools, and Mr. Beagrave is prepared with all neees sary faolities to execute all work in his line not only promptly, but with that intelligent appreciation of de sign that makes his services s0 valuable. As a ma_ker of patterns for all kinds of bras and irncastings, as we1 as designing aad drafting complicated machinery in sections or ot2ewise ho has acquired an excellent reputation, and is regarded as an expert in his special avocation. Mr. bearave makes a specialty of stove patterns and models for working designs for inventors. This house iscommended to our readers as one whose busines is conducted on a sound and liberal basis. A. L. Grabfelder, General Agent of the Manhattan Life Insurance Company, No. 69 Liberty Street. The Manhattan Life Insurance Company was chartered by a special act of the State ILegislature in 1850, and commenced operations on August first of the same year. To follow the success of this company from time to time, until the present is unnecey, as every careful thinking man can see by its last annual statement, that its present conditionis substantial and flourishing. Of late years, the company owing to a pressing demand enlarged its sphere of usefulness, and in 1870 opened an agency in the city, having appointed Mr. A. L.'Grabfelder, of No. 69 Liberty street, as its general agent. The old conservative principles of the Manhattan Life Insurance Oompany, however, are retained and the aim of the officers and trustees is not to do a large business, but rather a moderate and safe one, and their course has been strictly careful, as regards the investment of their funds, and the acceptance of risks offered them. In selecting their lives they have exercised the greatest caution, and when a policy has been issued it has, when death occurred, been uniformly and promptly paid. Another leading feature is that at the lapse of a policy, the entire reserve is applied either to the extension of the original sum insured, or to the purchase of paid-up insurance. All policies are free from unnecessary restrictions, and are regarded as the most liberal of any now issued by any company, now doing business in the United States. As previously stated the interests of the Manhattan Life Insurance Company in this great centre are in the hands of Mr. A. L. Grabfelder, one of NewYork'srepresentative and honorable insurance gents, and who is greatly respected socially and cmmeroially for his ability and strict integrity. Thoroughly informed as to insurance matters, he has no hesitation in presenting the Manhattan Life Insurance Company to the public, feeling, secure in the fact, that no company now engaged in issuing policies can offer such benefits and advantages, or is more ready and able to pay promptly all liabilities. G. B. Cannon's Livery and Be ng Stables, Nos. 120 and 122 East 63d Street.-XMr. Cannon has been proprietor of the livery and boarding stables at the above named address for the last fourteen years. He disposed of the livery butess December, 1884, and gave his entire time a& attention to the boarding stable, and has first class accommodation for horses in large, well drained and ventilated stables, and numbersamong his patrons some of the most eminent and wealthy citizens in the community, who entrust their crack horses to his keeping. Parties desiring exceptional accommodation for their stock are requested to note the following, viz., the water supply is pure and abundant, the stable and car riage house are separated by a substantial brick parti tion, the grooms are the most careful and attentive that liberal wages can procure. Mr. Cannon is held in the highest estimation by all classes of citizens for his geniality of disposition and inflexible integrity and is well worthyofthe liberalpatronage he atpresent enjoys. He is an active competitor for legitimate business, ener getic, enterprising and honorable in all his dealings, and is everywhere reeognized as a pleasant and agreeable gentleman with whom to enter into com mercial relations. Francis Hager, Tailor, No. 816 Broadway.-Mr. Francis Hager, is one of our best known and most popular fashionable tailors. He establihed in business in 1869, first locating at No. 743 Broadway, whence he removed to his present very central and eligible quaers in No. 816 Broadway. The premises are spacious and elegantly fitted up, with the best of light and aco nod ion, and contain one of the choicest and freshest stocks of imported novelties in gentlemen's Aine tailoring to be found in the metropolis. Mr. Hager 280 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Jos. layer's Sons, Leaf Tobacco,No.193 Pearl Street, between Cedar Street and Maiden Lane-The house of Joseph Mayer's Sons, of No. 193 Pea r l street, late of No. 122 Water street, is one of the oldes t established in te bsies as f o nd d n the tobacco business. It was founded in 1850 by the late Mr. Jos. Mayer, who aft er a lengthy an d successful career, building up a heavy trade and wide connection, took his son, Mr. G. Ma yer into partnership, under th e name and style of Jos. Mayer & Son. T his was some twenty-five years ago. Upon the lamented de cea se of the senior partner, his sons succeeded to the b usiness, c a rrying it on under the present name and s tyle of Joseph Mayer's Sons. The Messrs. Mayer have, la rge warehou ses in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Wisc onsin, Pennsylvania and'Ohio, where they emplo y a large force of han d s in the pa cking o f the chice st qualit es s of Leaf Tobacco, much of which they export. Mr. G. Mayer, the prese nt he ad of the Airm, brings vast practical experience to bea r, and has an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade; he has been identified w it h th e business sinc e he was eleve n years o f age. He is a recognized exert i an regard to tobaccos, and his high standing in the trade is best exemplified by the fact that he is the Vice Pratdent of the Leaf Tobacco Board of Trade. Mis firm amnually handles a very large quantity of leaf tobacco, selected and packd e special ly for their f ine class of trade, and which mee ts with a heavy de mand fro m o ur leading jobbers and manufacturers. He enjoys a very high reputation for sound business principles, strictly honorable dealings, and full ability to promptly carry out any undertaking in which he engages. She & qaylor, Importers of Coffees, No. 107 Front Street.-The firm of Messrs. Sherman & Taylor, No. 107 Front street, commenced busin in 188I on their own account, though previously for seventeen years the partners had been engaged with the reliable houses of Sheldon, Banks & Co., and Ms. Thomas T. Barr & Co. Messrs. Sherman & Taylor import from South America all grades of ne, Ed the facilities of their house are such, that in consequence of their extensive operations they ate enabled to bay in Such quantities that terms and prices are secured, impossible to be obtained from small dealers. The individual members of this co-partnership, are Messrs. Frederick T. Sherman and James H. Taor, who are both ]Wsdents of New York and are held in the highest est tion by the community as business men of rare energy and upright private citizens. Both partners are active members of the Coffee and Importers' and rs' Exchanges. As business men they have few equals, especially in their knowledge and judgmen of ogee. All orders are promptly filled, and it is th constant endeavor of the firm to merit by the P principles of commercial integrity a con mi of the support it has already enjoyed. Reeve, Osborn & Co., Teas, Nos. 97 and 99 Water Street.-An old established and representative house in the tea trade, and one whose history bears evidence of the energy, ability and enterprise of its proprietors, is Messrs. Reeve, Osborn & Co., who occupy the spacious premises, Nos. 97 and 99 Water street. This house was founded over a quarter of a century ago, and has always been located in the same neighborhood. It is me of the oldlest importing tea houses, and has always enjoyed a prosperous career. M~essr. E. G. Reeve, E. 1M. Osborn and H. W. Reeve, who form the copartnership, are men whose names have long baen faisobar in commercial ~circles, and who stand high as honorable!a dils men and liberal, public-pirite. Tim fimre heavy importers of the choicest A, Sate from Japan, Formosa and the leading OhneePorts. They do an immense business which extends throughout the United States. Globe Lubricating Company, Manufacturers of All Kinds of Lubricating and Illuminating Oils-One of the most enterprising and successful houses engaged in the manufacture of lubricating and burning oils, is that of the Globe Lubricating Company, whose offices andsalesrooms are eligibly situated at No. 124 Maiden Lane. The busines was established in 1882 by Mr. Alexander Barclay, the present proprietor, who has introduced into the market more valuable goods in his line, than probably any other house in this country. In addition to the large variety of machinery, cylinder and other oils, Mr. Barclay manufactures a more varied assortment of lubricating greases and compounds, than any other concern on the Continent, which are unsurpassed for quality and utility, having Wned the highest reputation, both here and in Europe, where the Company is also well represented. Their list contains a full line of railroad, car-box, axle, gear, plumbago, roll neck and other heavy greases. Lubricating compounds for all classes of machinery, and compression and spindle cups in variety to suit the same. Carriage lubricants, belt dressing, boiler anti-intrustator and English crown soft soaps for wool scouring, &c., are amongst their well known productions. Their factory, situate at Nos. 83 and 85 Sedgwick street, Brooklyn, is complete in every detail,possessing the best faclities in the trade, and turning out materialthat has nosuperior in the market. Mr. Barclay is well known amongst the wholesale trade throughout the country, and is much respected by the community for his ability, integrity and enterprise. Joseph D. Evans & Co., Tobacco Factors and General Commission Merchants, No. 97 Water Street.-The wholesale tobacco trade is one of the thriving industries which add materially to New York's prosperity. Among the leading and representative houses engaged In this line, is that of Joseph D. Evans & Co., tobacco factors and general commission merchants, who occupy the spacious premises, No. 97 Water street. This house was established in 1861, and has enjoyed a remarkably successful career. The firm are receivers of Kentucky and Virginia Leaf Tobacco, sole agents for many leading tobacco manufacturers, and are the headqirters for numerous leading and popular brands. They export largely to Europe, South America, Africa, India, Australia, and have besides a first-class home trade. Messrs. Joseph D. Evans and James H. Evans, who form the co-partnership, are both energetic, farsighted business men, whose successful career bears evidence of their strict integrity and sterling personal worth. Mr. Joseph Evans was one of the founders of the Tobacco Exchange, and was the firt president of that body. He has been also president of the New York Tobacco Board of Trade, and is classed among our most substantial and public spirited citizens. c art & Rit chi e, Tea Packers and Box Manufacturers, No. 85 Water Street.-One of the leading houses engaged in this line is that of Messrs. Martin & Ritchie, who occupy the spacious premises, No. 85 Water street. This house was established in 1889, and has occupied the same location for over quarter of a century. They have every facility for executing the largest orders in the promptest and most satisfactory manner, and have among their patrons the leading tea importing houses of the'United States. Mr. W. A. Martin who now conducts the business, was bor in inhis state, and is one of the most enterprising and popular men in the trade. His house has always maintained an excellent reputation and has built up a trade of large dimensions with tea merchants and others all over the United St#ns. Mr. Martin resides in Brooklyn, where he is highly esteemed as a liberal and public spirited citizen. e 281 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. daus and carriages of every description is very full and exceptionally fine. Drivers in full livery a ccompany teams if desired. Mr. Gordon has had an experience of seven year s in the b usin e ss and has always b een located as above. He is a member o f the Central Lodge 361 of the F. and A. M. The Davids Typograph Co., Proprietors of the Davids Type-Matrix Compositor and the Davids Type Writer, Office, No. 61 Temple Court, No. 5 Beekman Street.-This is essentially an age of progress; in every branch of business, both in the commercial and mechan ical world, the hand of genius is constantly developing new plans. It is important that every step taken in a new departure should be with a view to the greatest economy either in time, money or commerce. In this connection the attention of our readers and the public is directed to the Davids type-matrix compositorsa the Davids type-writer, which are the inventions ot Mr. Charles H. Davids a mechanical engineer of the greaeS ability, who has during the last fourteen years, devoted himself to improvements in typography, believing that this art offered the widest and most proptable field for inventive talent. As a necessary preliminary to tie succ essful prosecution of his purpose, he mastered the art of printing in all its details. When it is added that he has held positions as superintendent of some of the largest machine shops in this country, leaving in them many tokens of his inventive skill, his adaptability xor the task which he assigned himself cannot he questioned. Mr. Davids undertook to construct a machine which would supersede movable types, and the laborious and expensive task of type composition, and the result is a machine which is complete in all respects. The product from this machine is a matrix plate formed of solid and durable material, and ready for the stereotyper or elec tro-typer. The preparation of amatrixforms a separate process when type is set by hand, and therefore, it will be seen that one operation is saved by using this machine. The principal saving, however, is effected in the amount of work done by the operators, an average of about twenty-five thousand ems per day being done by the machine, while skilled compositors set about eight thousand ems by hand. Any persons of ordinary intel ligence can learn, in three month's time to successfully operate the machine, while type setting requires three years to be properly learned. It must be a matter of surprise to the reflecting mind, that 430 years have elapsed since the invention of printing from movable types, and very slight improvements have been made during this long period, the inventive genius always halting before the type case. And so the typecontinued to be set up and distributed, the workman undoing to morrow the work of to-day.. Even the few attemps that have been made to introduce machinery for the purposes, have followed in the old rut, setting and unsetting type, and proving failures at last. But all this is now changed by the wounderful invention of Mr. Davids. The s machine is cheap and will do the work of three com positors, and can be worked with less labor than a sew ing machine, and any one can learn tooperate in a short time. A duly incorporated compahy was organized in 1882, with acapital of $1,000,000, for the purpose of man ufacturing Davids type-matrix compositor and Davids - type-writer,and the following gentlemen well known for their great executive ability and sterling integrity are c onow the offlcers; viz: president, Charles H. Roosevelt; 1 vice president, E. J. Allen; treasurer, T. Firuski; 1 secretary, Charles A. Godley; engineersuperintendent, 9 Charles H. Davids. A factory is to be located at Pitsb- burg, Pa.,and will be equipped with all the latest e machinery and appliances necessary for the manufac. s ture of those unique inventions, which will as soon as L- they are properly brought before the public, entirely g revolutionize printing, and a great victory will be gained L-, for progress and civilization. J. J. Lattemann, Manufacturer of Ladies, Misses and Children's Fine Shoes and Slippers, No. 48 Warren Street.-No manufacturing industry has taken such rapid strides forward and has developed to such comparattve importance in the city of New York, as,the production of the finest grades of boots and shoes. Considering the general depression of business it is owing chiefly to the energy, ability and popularity of the younger generation of manufacturers, among whom Mr. John J. Lattemann, the founder and present head of the above firm, stands in the foremost rank. sstablishing himself in 1878, Mr. Lattemann, using his practical experience as a thorough mechanic, g athe red in the larger cities of Europe as well as in New York, and aided by his rare executive ability, has within seven years placed himself among the foremost of manufac* turers in his line. His productions, though so shortly introduced, bear the enviable reputation of elegance, syle, fit, finish and durability, which bears evidence, also, to Mr. Lattemann's eminent fitness as a designer of stle, to his minute acquaintance with every detail of manufacture and his excellent judgment in the selection of durable and pliable leather. In seven years this establishment has grown from a small beginning to an important factory, with a capacity from 2000 to 2500- pain per week of the finer grades of ladies, misses' and children's hand and machine sewed shoes. The entire four floors of the building containing every new device and machinery known to the trade, are now hardly ufficient in room to accommodate the daily growing dimensions of this business. Among Mr. Lattemann's specialties are "The English Walking Boot," "Daisy Boot," "The Comfortable," "The Standard," " The Vassar Tie," " Princess Oxford," etc., all well known in the East, West, North and South, and unsurpassed for quality, elegance and fit. It is only necessary to add that the general manners of Mr. Lattemann, personally, his tact and accommodating spirit towards his customers, have been the cornerstone in the rearing of his present successful business house. Albert McNulty, Broker in Fire, Marine and Life Insurance, No. 111 Broadway, (Trinity Building).-One of the most active and popular members of our insurance circles, is Mr. Albert McNulty, of No. 111 Broadway, (Trinity Building). He commenced business ateut 1870, having been previously admitted ,to the'bar and his facilities have been extended so an to include the writing of the largest lines of fire, marine and life insurance risks. He controls in each department, a very choice line of business and has superior connections in Europe and in this country. In marine undelwriting, he offers every opportunity for the securing of insurance on the hulls of steamships and sea going craft, cargoes &c., at equally satisfactory rates of premium. In the all-important field of life insurance, Mr. McNulty has done a great deal of business, securing the applications of many of the leading members of the professional and business community, for policies or additional insurance in the great leading corporations. Mr. McNulty is noted for his honorable methods and sterling integrity. Phonix Boardig and Livery Stables, John S. Gordon. Proprietor, Nos. 156,158 and 160 East Twentyseventh Street.-A large and extensive business is carried on by Mr. John S. Gordon As proprietor of the ]Phoenix Boarding and Livery Stables at Nos. 156,158 and 160 East Twenty-seventh street between Lexington and Third Avenues. The premises are well adapted for the business and are supplied with every facility and con. venience for the successful conduct thereof. Horses are taken to board at very moderate rates for first ticaa. accommodations. A number of good carriage and sad die horses are constantly kept for hire, aspecialty bein~ made of first class turnouts. The stock of coupes, lan . 2m NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. oils; manufactured and dealt in by him are well-known in the trade, and his judgment is often sought by dealers of less experience. The oils handled by Mr. 0ook are mainly Sperm, Whale, Lard, Neatsfoot, Cod, Straits, Bank, Tanners and Fish Oils, adapted to lubricating, burning, currying and manufacturing purposes. J. & J. Eager, Importers and Dealers in Fine Whiskies, Brandies, Wines etc., No. 34 Cliff Street. -Thisis probably the oldest house in New' York engaged in this special line of trade. It was established as far back as 1848, and has had during the intervening thirty-six years a continuous career of usefulness and success, the co-partners steadily maintaining their high reputation and materially increasing the trade. The firm occupy the entire building, No. 34 Cliff street, which is four stories in height and 20x80 feet in dimensions. The warehouse is well stocked with the choicest lines of fine whiskies including pure old rye and bourbon, imported brandies, wines etc., in great variety. Thishouse is one of those old and reliable concerns dealing only in the purest and best liquors of every grade, which are universally acknowledged by the trade to be the best in New York, and absolutely unexcelled. The business Is conducted on the basis of equity, and those interested giving their orders to this house will have the satisfaction of receiving pure and unadulterated wines and liquor s at ordinar y ma rket prices. A. J. Phillips, Commi ssion Mer ch ant, Wines and Liquors, No. 35 Beaver Street.-A well-known house e ngaged in the commission business, is that of Mr. A. J. Phillips, which was established in 1880, since which peri od it has become r eco gnized as a lead ing on e of the kind in the city. Mr. Phillips is an e s teemed andpopular member of the Distillers' Wine and Spirit Exchange. The house handles wines and liquors on commission, a nd, c an guarantee qu ick sales and prompt returns, or it will, make libe ral advances on consignments if desired. The facilit i es e njoyed by Mr. Philli ps for conducting all transactions under the most favorabl e auspices are ample, and he is always prepared to grant his customers every possible advantage, buying and selling for cash. His patronage is large and repres e nts ma ny influential jobbers and merchants, while his connection, with the Distiller's Wine and Spirit Exchange, ands h is grea t e xper ie nce a nd judgment in the quality and} values of wines and liquors, afford him eve ry advantage and facility for all operations. This house, a s may be inferred, is wi dely known by the trade, an d th e estima, tion in which it is held, is due to a long course of hon orable and liberal dealing with its patrons. Those forming relations with it, may rest assured that their interests will be carefully guarded. Afred Jacoutot, Jr., Importer of Fine Liquors, No. 6 South William Street.-Among the large and influen tial houses that have long been intimately identified: with this department of business, may be mentioned that of Mr. Alfred Jacoutot, Jr., at No. 6 South Willalv street. This house was established twenty-five years ago, by his father, and was at first successively located at No. 56 Cedar street. The present loca tion has been occupied seven years, and contn~js X very large and choice stock of fine liquors, clam%t and, burgundies being specialties ill which line hmexcels. This fact is well-known and duly apprecho by a larg~ and desirable class of euBtomers, whose orders siwe al ways executed promptly, and to their perfect aatds/ac tion. Mr. Jacoutot is a native of France, hamhad an ens. perience of thirty-five years in ths line, Xn i an ac complished connoisseur. His suavit~y, politens, lber al and upright dealings and thorough rel/ab~lty, give him an eminently high reputation in the buines eonk munity. Joseph J. O'Donohue & Son, Importers and Dealers in Coffees and Teas, No. 101 Front Street.-The rapid advancement in the commercial facilities of New York, is a subject of most favorable comment among the business men of the United States, and the -splendid results achieved in this regard are due, in a great measure, to the untiring activity and enterprise of the principal importing h o uses. Prominent a mong those who have contributed to the material progress of the city's contmmerce is that of the well known and rWliable house of Messrs. Joseph J.O' Donohue & Son,No. 101 Fr ont street, who are largely engaged in importing coffees and teas. This house was originally founded by the s enior partner, as far back as 1843, and since that period has always enjoyed a consta nt ly incre as ing trade, ow in g to the unsu rpassed purity, quality and freshness of its teas and coffees. Probably few articles that enter into daily consumption are so hard to obtain of good quality, as tea and coffee. It is only by the exercise of care in purchasing from first-class houses, that q uality an d freshness can be assured. The premises occupied by the firm are ver y sp aciou s and commodious, and are fully stocked with a splendid assortment of China and Japan teas, fragrant coffees from Mocha, Java and South America, which are imported direct from the original sources of supply. Messrs. Joseph J. O'Donohue & Son, possess every facility for conducting all opera tions un der the most favorable auspices, and are always pre pared to r ender their custo mers every possible advantage. The individual members of this co-partnership are Messrs. Joseph J. O'Donohue, Senior and Junior, who are both esteemed members of the Coffee Exchange with which they have been identified in many large and important transactions. Personally, they are highly esteemed in the commercial world for their great executive ability and sterling integrity and justly merit the prosperity attained by their energy and perseverance during the forty odd years that the house has existed in New York. Thompson & Henry, Brokers in Sugars, Syrups, Coffee, Fruits, &c., No. 108 Front Street, near Wall Street.-Prominent among the firms of brokers most activel]engaged as above, is that of Messrs. Thompson & Henry, of No. 108 Front street, near the corner of Wall street, who have developed a large and perman ent t rade a s br okers in sugar, syrups, and coffee, fruits, &c. The business was established by the m in 1870, t heir offices being first s ituated at No. 95 Front street, whenc e fiv e y ea rs ago, they removed to their present unusually eligible and central premises. Here they hav e every fac ility f or the transaction of business, and are prepard to promptly fill the largest orders for the purchase of all grades of sugars, syrups, coffees, fruits, &ic. Mr. Lewis. H enry, the surviving partner,who has managed the business for several years, brings vast p r actical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledg e of the w ant s of t he trade, and numbers among his customers many of the leading merchants throughout t his city and elsewhere. He is spoken of in the highest terms throughout commercial circles. Nehemiah B. Cook, Oil Manufacturer and Dealer, No. 148 Front Street, near Maiden Lane.-Mr. Nehemiah B. Cook is one of the oldest established members of our mercantile community and still one of the most active and enterprising. We presume the store now occupied by Mr. Cook is the oldest oil store in the city at the present time, his predecessor having,ommenced the oil business thlre in 1835. Mr. Cook entered the employ of the late James T. Barker in 1849, and succeeded him in business in 1865, since which time he has by strict attention to business succeeded in retaining and adding to the large trade of his predecessor. His long practical experience and familiarity with the various animal 283 284 NEWYORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIE8. tions elsewhere. Mr. Newlin is universally respected, and just ly s o. His metho ds ha ve ever been of the most legitimate and honorable character, and as the results of this policy, coupled with his special knowledge of teas and coffees, he has developed one of the largest busines in his line on the tet, and stands very high in Now York's leading com b cires. Penal ly he is greatly rebated for his gei of (ldtion a Edct integrity, and the suckm which has his commercial career, is the just reward of his skll, energy, and enterprise. American Dock and Trust Company; for Storage, Cotton and other Merchandise, Warehouses and Doeks, Staten Island; office: Cotton Exchange Building.-One of the most important factors in affording requisite facilities to the commerce of the great Port of New York ts the "American Dock and Trust Co y," which is an influential and financially able corportaon composed of a number of our leading capitaUr. The American Dock and Trust Company was incporated in 1872, to meet the growing demand for p rage accommodations for cotton and other merehldise, coupled with the issuance of warehouse as readily negotiable on the basis of the y's aarity, as grain storage receipts had bee in i the pa. The a, company erected four immense covered piers each being four hundred feet long, and seventee ware hou at Tomplinsville, Staten Island, at a plot in the harbor convenient of access to the largest class of steamships and sailing vessels, with ample depth of water at their piers, so that the largest cargoes of cotton, tobacco, jute, East India goods, coffee, &c., &c., could he brought right along side and be promptly dischargedinto the company's warehouses. Their capa city is enormous, as will be readily understood, when we state that they cover an area of 13 acres, the buildings being one, two and three and four stories in height, affording accommodation for upwards of 150,000 bales of cotton, tobacco, &c. The company offers the best fa cilities in New York for the storage of cotton and to bacco, and has developed a connection which includes the patronage of all the leading shippers and export ers of these two great staples. The company's offices were permanently located at No. 110 Pearl street up to May 1st 1885, when they were removed to their present handsome and directly central quarters in the new Cotton Exchange building. The company's offi cers are as follows: President, Mr. J. A. Bostwick; Vice President, Mr. M. W. Stone; Treasurer, Mr.A. J. Pouch; and Secretary, Mr. A. C. Hascy. No more representative or popular board of executive officers can be found in the metropolis. Vice-president Stone brings vast practical experience to bear, and as an able business man, and an influential member of commer cial circles, has faithfully served the company's best interest and earned the esteem and confidence of all with whom he has sustained business relations. Treas urer Pouch and Secretary Hasey are both thoroughly acquaintedwith the details of warehousing. Mr.Pouch beng a member of the Produce Exchange. President Bostwick is an esteemed and influential member of the Produce and Cotton Exchanges, while Vice President Stone is a popular and active member of the Cotton and Naval Stores and Tobacco Exchanges, and has ever given a conscientious support to all measures best calculated to advance their permanent welfare and prosperity. The company has entered upon and occupied its wide field of usefulness in a thoroughly efficient and satisfactory manner to the commercial public, whieh duly appreciates the long-sought for advantages of adequate, safe and economical storage facilities for such great staples as those of cotton, tobacco, naval stores and other lines of merchandise. b 1a1ac Nowlin, Importer and Jobber of Tea and Coffees, No. 130 Front Street.-Prominent among the leading tea importers and jobbers of NewYork, is Mr. Isaac Newlin, who brings vast practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade, and is one of the most popular men in the business. Mr. Newlin founded his establishment twenty years ago, first locating at No. 141 Front street. The steady growth of his trade, compelled the occupancy of enlarged premises, and at No. 130 Front, where he has been for a nu mber of years, h e occupys t he three satire upper floors with additional storage accommoda Th, Adams. We stlake Mnufat ring Omn patay, Chia,or Makers of Passenger, Parlor and Postal Car Lamps, etc., Locomotive HRead Lig hts, Lan ters, New York O/ffce, No. 115 Broadway, James E. Cron, Eastern Agent.-The rid advancement in the manufacturing arts, which so greatly distinguish our American industries is a subject of i itlng study. In almost every department of meet cal manufac tures our people excel, and the produm of American industry are unrivalled in the markets of the world. TMs statement is particularly tru with regard to pas Lender, parlor and postal car lab manufactured by the famous Adam & Westlake Manufacturing Com Pany, Tho, Owh are ustm sI for quality, utility and mn nship, by the of any other con temporary house either in this goodTy or Europe. The works of this reliable company are at the corner of Franklin and Ontario streets, Chicago, and consist of a splendld series of baildings admirably equipped with all the lit improved machinery and appliances, necessary for the systematic conduct of the bmsiness, employment being given to about 800 skilled and exper ienced workmen. The company manufactures in large quantities passenger, parlor and postal car lamps, in brass, bronze, fire gilt, silver and nickel plate, locomo tive head lights, lImterns, switch, signal and station lamps and general railroad specialties. These goods have no equals and are considered the most perfect in the market, and that they stand without a peer is the verdict wherever introduced. It will be apparent that the greatest care and scientific rr ches of years have been exercised to bring these lamps to the present state of perfection. The Revolving Locomotive Head Light is provided with an adjustable attachment, and can be lighted without removing the chimney or opening the door even in the severest storm and when running at fall speed. The Tornado andeller for mineral sperm oil is made with separate founts, to overcome the objections found with central fount chandeliers, and is designed especially to be placed crosswise in the deck of the car, thus utilizing all the light. Large numbers of these unsurpassed car lamps have been sold to railroad companies all over the world, and the numerous testimonials from eminent corporations bear evidence as to the high character and excellence of the well-known specialties of the Adams & Westlake Manufacturing Company. The following are the officers of the company viz: President, J. McGregor Adams; Vice President. John Creror; Secretary, Wm. M. Campbell; Superintendent, Geo. M. Clark; Eastern Agent, J. E. Cross. Mr. J. E. Cross, the New York representative, is an able and energetic gentleman, well versed in the performance of the onerous duties which he perform, and is as widely known for his ability, as for the honorable manner in which he attends to all the the company's interests. The business of the Adams & Westlake Manufacturing Company is justly not only a source of pride to the citizens of, New York and Chicago, but also to the entire country, while the officers of the institution, thoroughly educated to their calling are well qualified to attend to it in all its branches, and with a due regard to the interests of their numerous customers. I II 284 NEW'YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 285 D.H. Lewis, Foreign and Domestic Liquors, and Commission Merchant, No. 102 Pearl S 4t. —Who a house has enjoyed a liberal patronage and popb for a term of years, it is manifest that its is characterized by integrity, lmowledgell p Jsent. Suc h we the circumstances conetd wthi oint history of the wholesale liquor hous e of Mrt. D.. Lis which was founded in 1874 by Lewis Brot. m, andtr carried on by them till 1882, when on the retremnt of his brother, the present proprietor succeeded to the business. The premises occupied are very spaaloes and comprise a four-storied building, which affords ample accommodation for a large and complete stock of foreign and domestic wines and liquors. Mr. Lewis imports direct from the most famous houses in Europe Rhine and Moselle wines, champagnes, ports, sherries, brandies, Irsh and Scotch whiskies, and is also sole agent for noted brands of domestic liquors, among which we note the boyal wedding cabinet which is unsurpassed for quality, party and flavor by any other liquor in the market Mr. Lewis llkewisehandles goods oncemsion and cm imraytee quick sales and prompt ret. Li[ lances are made on consignments, and the faees enoyed by this responsible house enable it to ad we in the highest degree the interests of both produeer no aver. Mr. Lewis is a native of New York and is held in the highest estimation in commercal lF for his integrity and ability. Jams W. Cleland, Importer and Dealer in Wines, Brandies, &c., No. 58 War At.-There is no brch of metropolitan trade of greater magnitude and importance than the wholesale business in wines and liquor, and probably there we no commodties entering so largely into general comption, which vary to the saw t in quality. It reqwdres considers knowledge of the market, and an aquaintance with t dealers to select the most adviatageous house when excellent goods may be purchased at fair priem. Wtff ths point in view, we take pleasure in mentioning Me establishment of Mr. James W. Clland; No. 56 We Greet, where will alwaf8 be found a large and aoof t stock of standrd relt ge, at remonab Me re. BH has had a long and wJo en ded Oftin Min business, having established it morelm tw t veears ago. He is actively and provn eA d importer and dealer in wines, brandie bourbon and rye whiskies, Gins, Scotch and rshh, ad cordals. He enjoys a large patroll, many of his customers having traded with him snoe he commed busies. Mr. Cleland is WE ad A t known in the community, and beat the highest tion as an honorable and upright business men. P. B _ ^& Co., Commiston Merchants, and Impter of Wines, Brandies, Gins, et,No. 26 S. William — The mosumption of wines and liquors in the UI _nr X so vast. that the trade necessarily in'old eDolw ions of gret tportance. Among the reitiable houses ed in this business isa that d Mem F. Boegler & Co., No. 6 South William -street,whih wasestablishein The firm presents ~a striking instance of what may be accomplished by steady application to business and a ut and honorable course of d. Pure wem and spirits have become more than ever popular of liee s, and those housm that keep these acles unauterated are the establsents most p itr on the public. Messrs. F. Boegler & Co., are commissin merehants and imptecr of the finest wIe, ba whiskies, gins, -Ve., which are unrivalled for purity and excellence by those of any other cnporary house in the trade. The facilite of the firm for conducting a wholesale trade, th e mand judgment posed by its members, gained by long experiemne, attentim and application, have bit up a liberal and ext ant - patronage from ilrstclass retailers and jobbL The quality and pmrity of wines and liquors are so much depeadent upon the responsbity and honor of the firm from which they are obtained, that dealers find it profable to procure supplies from Yme houses like that of Messrs. F. Boegler & Co., whose lo established reputation make their representations perfectly reliable. Mr. F. Boa-er is a native of Bavaria, but oame to New Yk we bat four m of Age, am is held i in the highest estimation in commercial circles for his striet rectitude and integrty, and is too well and widely known in the trade to require any eonms at our hands. The business of this popular home Is oonducted on the broad bases of eqny, and those interested forming relations with it will obtain exceptionlal advantages. Ledlard & Co., Exporter of Bourbon and Rye Whis:kies, Florida Water, Bay Rum, Eau de Cologne, etc., No. 79 Pearl Street.-The importance of the mopei s as the centre of the export trade in liquors and o ther specialties, can scarcely be ofr estated, as the increasing magnitude of the am tansactions at them port of New Yo mdantly demonstrate. The wellknown and reliable eablihment of Mers. Lediard & Co., whose spacious waneouse and offices are eligibly located at No. 79Peartret, was established by the present proprietor in A and since Its inception at that period, ha obtald an extensive foreign patronage, principally in Australia and New Zealand. Lediards' detuselized Kentucky Bourbon "Short Horn" brand has already commended itself to t trade and to physician as the safest whiskey for A, being endorsed by Dr. W. C. Tilden, ChlbeY, d Rt Treasury Department, as altogether free from impurities, and by Dr. H. C.Bartlett, of London, aspertectly free from fusel oil. Mr. Lediard exports in lage quantities, bourbon and rye whiskies, Florid w"r, bay rum, Eau de Cologne, Zulu water, Ss tlb Wabrs, Schnapps etc., and his facilities w procure gods direct from producers and manytue, are'unexcelled by those of any other hown, I tie. All orders are promptly filled, sad itrr Mai_a _a of Mr. Lediard to merit, by the Wet apsd e of mertanile integrity, a continuance of the support he alr yrenjoyed. The bourbon and rye whisktes exported to Australia and New Zealand, have obtained ,as~meetlent reputation for quality and fn_ at the AnllmdeI, and are strong com rs wrth the Scotch andly liqmors. Mr. Charles Lediard, the sole propietor of this flourishing firm, is an old resident of New A, and is greatly respected by the community. William H. Fearing, Importer of Wines and Liquors, No. 24 Broad Street.-Among th e e stablishemm which are largely co a rang towards mtan a fally the chr acter and quality of thei woods, is the reliable We of Mr. Wlltam H. wearn, hose offices and eare c elly and cmo, located at No. 25 Broad street. MaO m m uf lshed in 1877 by the pr e s ent proprlr, aIsd nm nce acqu ired an excellent reputa tion for the =atyned quality and pwity of its wie and liquors, which are gold only to private families, clubs &c. Mr. Pearig's specfltl~ are very old and rare Madeiras and Sherries. He has opeed a branch at Newport, R. I., and imports direct from the best Enro hour, tV eAlest and Moselle wiAes, do rp, champaves andbrandies. The _ of th e for pouring goods direct from pmmt are unewell. ad by thow of any other firm in the trade. Mr. l~aring is a native of New York and is hold in the hit estimation in commercial circles for his ability, integrity and energy. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 285 286 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Sidney T. Smith, Commission Merchant, Importer ad Dale and Dealer in Brandies, Whiskies, Wines, Mineral Waters etc., No. 133 Front, co rner line Street.-It is the aim and object of this Historical Review to make accurate reference to those firms which are recognized as prpresentative in their character, and which in the ir respe ctive feld s of business activity, are the e xponents of all that is desirable in goods, and h onorable in policy. In the importation of foreign wines a nd brandies, the rel iable h ous e of in e Mr. Sidney T. Smith, No. 133 Front street, has long held a leading position, and is noted for the success which has attended its e xert ions, in. fully meeting all the requirements of the trade. This. business was founded in 197 by the present proprietor, who has since obtained a liberal and permanent patronage from first-class retailers and jobbers. Mr. Smith imports extensively brandies, whiskies, wines, olive oil, Havana and domestic segars and general groceries, and is agent for Kentucky bourbon and rye whiskies, cock tail and tonic bitters, and is a receiver of Bacon & Cunningham's Cincinnati sugar-cured hams. The. enterprise of this responsible house, has been fully illustrated by the superior character of the goods placed on the market, and the influence exerted by this industry, fully entitles the proprietor to the consideration, and esteem with which he is so widely regarded. Personally, Mr. S. T. Smith is a native of New York, and gives his close personal attention to all orders, and is of the most reliable and honorable of the wine and liquor trade, with whom to enter intobusiness relations. He is a too wide* known and popular member of New York's mercantile community, to require further comnents at our hands, and is well worthy of the high degree of esteem and respect, to which he has attained by his ability, probity and perseverance. M[l1vaine & Baldwin, Importers of Wines andc Liquors, No. 37 Nassau Street.-One of the largest and most enterprising houses directly engaged in the importation of these goods, is that of Messrs. Mcllvaine & Baldwin, which was established 14 1869 at No. 7 Pine street. Eventually, in consequence of a rapidly increasing trade, the business was removed in 1885 to its present eligible and commodious location at No. S7 Nassau street. Messrs. Mcllvaine & Baldwin import exten sively champagnes, ports, sherries, clarets, Rhine anct Moselle wines, and brandies of the choicest qualities. .Much of their trade is with clubs and the families of the leading men of New York. They are sole agents for the Baltimore Club Rye whiskey and the, famous Santa Claus Gin. The individual members of the firm, Messrs. Reed McIlvaine and Theodore E. Baldwin, are greatly respected in commercial life for their integrity and ability, and justly merit the success attained by their energy and perseverance. S. Brooks, Teas, No. 87 Water Street.-Prominent among the leading houses in this line is that of Mr. S. Brooks, No. 87 Water street. Mr. Brooks has been es tablished for the past fifteen years, and is probably one of the most widely known men in the trade. His hand some office and salesroom are fitted up with every con venience. and are a recognized headquarters for buyers and dealers. Mr. Brooks is a heavy jobber in the choicest China and Japan teas. He is at all times pre pared to execute the largest orders in the promptest and most reliable manner. His energy and enterprise ill business need not be recounted here, since his merits are fully recognized by the entire commercial community. His house has developed a large industrial interest of a most beneficial character, and has built up5a trade of great magnitude. Mr. Brooks is a resident of Brook lyn, where he moves in the highest social circles, and is esteemed as an honorable merchant andi a liberal. public-spirited citizen. B. M. Crawford & Son, Importers and Dealers in Leaf Tobacco, No. 168 Water Street.-No historic al review of the rise and progress of the leaf tobacco trade of New York would be complete without special t reference to the time honored and universally respected house of Messrs. E. M. Crawford & Son. It is the old- est leaf tobacco house in the country, having been es- tablished in this city more than forty years ago. In 1845 Mr. Crawford first opened his establishment, being then located at No. 231 Front street and afterward at r Nos. 121 and 123 Front street, whence the firm after-s wards removed, seventeen years ago, to the present i eligible and central premises, comprising the entire i fivestory building No. 168 Water street. Upon the 1 ground floor are the salesroom and offices handsomely w fitted up, while above, the floors are packed with one of the largest and choicest stocks of foreign and domes- i tie leaf, to be found in the market. Mr. Crawford ] brings vast practical experience to bear coupled with an intimate knowledge of leaf tobaccos and in regard to which he is a recognized authority. The firm's con- C nections and facilities are of the most superior charac- e ter, enabling them to get their supplies of domestic and ] foreign leaf almost directly from the growers. Mr. E. M. Crawford is now sixty.five years of age, still hale, hearty and active, and devoting himself to serving the best interests of his numerous customers. When he E first started in the business, forty years ago, there were but five or six houses besides his own engaged in the leaf trade, none of which are now represented by 1 their original founders. He has ever given a public ] spirited support to all measures best calculated to advance the permnanent welfare of the trade. He is the esteemed and popular President of the Tobacco Board of Trade, which has proved of such permanent benefit to the wholesale and retail tobacco interests. Mr. Crawford is socially esteemed for his many excellent qualities of mind and heart, and was the Colonel of the 7th Regiment Veterans, for a period of two years, ably and faithfully discharging the obligations devolving upon him, and his retirement from the command owing to the heavy pressure of business engagements, was a sorrowful day for the corps, the Veterans warmly appreciating the Colonel's disinterested efforts on their behalf. He rose through all grades of the service from a private up and was ever one "with the boys" in a kindly regard for their personal welfare. He is a native of Westchester County and one of the few out and out Americans fn the leaf trade. His standing is unquestioned, his name is known in tobacco circles from Maine to California, and he is esteemed by all. Both D. Godfrey, Wines and Liquors, No. 46 Water Street.-In the metropolis among the large numbers of houses engaged in the liquor trade, that of Mr. Seth D. Godfrey, No. 46 Water street, enjoys the confidence of its customers to the fullest extent. This house was established in 1869, and has since built up a liberal andin fluential patronage. The stock is full in all departments, embracing the finest Rhine and Moselle wines, champagnes, ports, sherries, gin, rum of Mr. Godfrey's own importation, and pure domestic wines and whis kies of the leading brands. The goods are sold free or in bond, in the bonded warehouses of the different states where manufactured, or the ports of entry, large quan tities being allowed to remain and mature until re quired for the demands of the trade. In all his opera tions Mr. Godfrey will be found prompt, liberal anden terprising, always desirous for the benefit of customers, and prepared to offer advantages in keeping with such a reputation. Mr. Godfrey is a native of New York, and is greatly respected in commercial life for his abili ty andw integrity, and has won by honest industry, the position he now sustains in the liquor trade of the me tropolis. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 286 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. J. D. W. Sherman, Fine Old Whiskies, No. 62 Water Street.-The position of New York as the centre for the wholesale liquor trade can scarcely be over estimated, as the enormous magni ide of the annual transactions at this port abundantly demonstrate. Among the active and enterprising houses, which have contributed in no small degree to this fortunate state of things, is the well and favorably known conceron of Mr. J. D. W. Sherman, No. 62 Water street. This business was founded in 1869, and is one of our best known receivers of Western whiskies, so largely consumed by the best class of trade throughout the country. Mr. Sherman makes a specialty of "IMonticello" pure rye and "Auburn" whisky, distilled by M. Crichton & Co., distillers, Baltimore, Md.; pure firecopper rum, by CSaping Trull & Co., distillers, Boston, Mass., and California wines and brandies, by Ctroll & Co., El Dorado county, California. These whiskies, wines and brandies are always ready for immediate delivery, and are unsurpassed for quality, flavor and delicacy by those of any other house in the trade. With long experience in the business and an extensive connection, advantages are given to jobbing buyers, and at the same time all goods are guaranteed to be pure and free from adulteration, and to be exactly la represented. Mr. Sherma, who is a prominent member of the Wine and Spirt Exchange, and is honored with the important office of trustee of that organiza. tion, is a native of Maine. He gives close personal attention to his business, thoroughly understands the wants of the trade, and fully deserves the large patronage he at present enjoys. Clmont P. Kl-so, Importer of Wines and Liquors, No. 9 Water Street.-A careful review of the business interests of New York, develops the existence of a class df homes in every respect prepared to compete in the c lies they represent, with the rival establishmeuB of any city in the world. Their complete stocks, ample resources, high commercial standing and remarkable enterprise are matters of which our citizens have every reason to be proud. It is not our mission to institute comparisons, but to present a faithful picture of this extensive array of commercial enterprise. Among the leading importers of wines and liquors prominent mention should be made of the old established and reliable house of Mr. Clement F. Kross, No. 93 Water street. This business was founded fifty years ago by Messrs. Clement Heerdt & Co., and was continued by them till 1884, when Mr. Clement F. Kross, who had previously been connected with the firm, became sole proprietor. The premises occupied are very spacious and eommodious and are fully stocked with the finest Rhine and Moselle wines, champagnes, ports, sherries, brandies, gin, rum and cased goods of every description, which are unsurpassed for quality and excellence by those of any other similar first-class hoe in the trade. The purity and quality of wines and liquors are so much depending upon the honor and reliability of the firms from which they are obtained that dealers find it probe to procure their supplies from those houses whose long established reputations make their representations perfectly reliable. Such a house as the one under notice hs fully established its rit tolay claim to, having, through an active and honorable career of more than half a century, carried on its bus on the ending principles of equity and integrity. The guidg spirit ofthe business is Mr.'Charles C. Kross, whose long connection of forty years with the old firm of Clement Heerdt & Co., renders hls experience and judgment of wine s, liquors, etc. of te highest value in the trade. De ali ng largely in foreign wines and brandies of his own importation, Mr. Kross Is prepared to off er nd ee n s inducements prices and qualities of goods superio r to thos e of any other importing house s in New York. Mr. Kros is a native of New York, and Is held in the highest eimaon by the community fo r his inflexible integr ist and well deserves the large measure of success ettained by Nis ability and energy. J. Hl. Catherwrood & Co., D e alers in Teas, No. 94 Fr ont Street.-O ne of t he old est established, and most widely known housein t he tea t rade of the u ni te d States i s th at ofJ. H. Caewood & Co., of Ph iladelphia and New York. Both as regards its volume of trade and honorable methods, itmas developed t he hig h est of reptutations, and has ev er r eta ined the c on f idence and este em of the commercial world. In 1879 a branch house w as f ou nd e d in the city of New York under the old name and style, and is composed as follows: Mr. John H. Catherwood, Mr. John B. Doriss and Mr. C. W. Barnard, their agent. The firm occupy the entire flve-story building, No. 94 Front Greet, 25 feet by 100 in dimensions, which conta in s one of th e choiest assortments of freshly im ported t eas to be forte in the herket. The no-partners bring to bear vast practical experience, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade, their con nections and customer s being all of a favorite grades of Thina and Japan teas, and both here and in Philadelphia hold a representative position in the im. Mr. C. W. Barnard, who is actively at thermeal of the business i New York, is one of our best Iraow and mosm active aned successful merchants, who 1re ever given a support to al measures calculatedto advance the permanent welfare and prosperity ,[ the tea trade, and is a member of the Importers' and i*WQm' Exchange. M. P. Powers, Importer and Dealer in Teas, No. 102 Water Street.-Few men in the metropolis can take a retrospective view of their commercial career with greater pride and satisfaction than can Mr. M. F. Powers, the well known importer and dealer in teas, whose handsome office and salesroom are at No. 102 Water street. Mr. Powershas been establishedsince 1863 and from a small beginning has builtup alarge andprosperous trade. He Is a heavy importer of the choicest teas and is prepared atall times to execute the largest orders in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. His trade extends throughout the country, and is steadily increasing, the standard of excellence always maintained by Mr. Powers, in the way of superior goods and honorable treatment, having won for him the esteemof all with whom he has had transactions. During his ative business career, he has won a measure of popularity, confidence, and respect in the mercantile metropolis: of the country, second to no other merchant, and is classed among New York's most enterprising, as he is one of her most conservative and successful business men. 287 McKinny & Co., Teas, No. 105 Water Street.-In the importing and jobbing of teas, one of the leading New York houses is that of Messrs. McKinny & Co., whose salesroom is at No. 105 Water street. Messrs. Wm. McKinny and R. W. Hicks, who formjhe partnership, are gentleman of long and practical experience, and understand the trade in its every detail. They have been established over three years, and we rapidly building up a large and permanent trade. They Import the oh t grades of teas, and are at all times prepared to execute the largest orders in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. Mr. McKinny is an active member of the Importers' and Grocers' Exchange. He is an energetic business man and is univer-3ally popular In trade circles. Mr. Hicks Is a genial, courteous and large hearted gentleman, highly esteemed in social and commercial circles. Both are thorough going business men, whose affairs are conducted upon sound, well balanced principles. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. -Chattanooga, Citico; Virginia Coke -Victoria. The growth and prosperity of this reliable house are only commensurate with the energy and enterprise of its projectors, who are sedulously employed in directing attention to the unrivalled quality and excellence of the various brands of pig-iron intrusted to this responsible firm. All orders are faithfully filled, and it is the constant aim of Messrs. Adams & Co. to merit by the enduring principles of commercial probity, a continuance of the support already obtained. The offices of the firm are' centrally located at 56 Pine Street. The individual members, Messrs. Hugh W. Adams and Daniel L. Cobb, are both natives of' Kentucky and are held in the highest estimation in mercantile circles for their ability, integrity and enterprise. They justly merit the success attained in this important department of New York's business interests. T. S. & J. D. Negus, Chronometer and Nautical Instrument Makers, etc., No. 140 Water Street.- No branch of a great port's business is of greater import ance than that comprised under the head of a nautical scientific outfit. Every vessel requires a complete set of instruments and charts, necessary for its safe navigation, and the trade in chronometers, etc., in such a great cen tre of maritime activity as New York, is thus a very large one. Prominent among the oldest, best-known, and most thoroughly reliable establishments in the metropo lis is that of Messrs. T. S. & J. D. Negus, No. 140 Water Street, which was established by the present proprie tors in 1849, and during the long intervening period of thirty-six years since its inception, has obtained an ex tensive and influential patronage, among the sea-faring and ship-owning community. The premises occupied are very spacious and commodious and consist of a splendid five-s toried building, which is fitted up with every appliance and convenience for the man ufac tu re and accommodation of the valuable stock. Messrs. Negus make a ll kinds of nautical instruments, chronometers, and adjust promptly compasses in iron ships and steamers, and supply binnacles, compasses, charts, night-glasses, which are unsurpassed for quality and workmanship by those of any ot her house in the trade. The y ar e chronometer makers to the U. S. Navy and publish annually an abridgment of the N aut ical Almanac, and are wholesale agents b y a ppointment to the United States hydrographic and coast survey publications, charts, books, etc. At a recent six-months competitive trial of chronometers at the United States Naval Observatory, Washington, D. C., January 1, 1884, Messrs. Negus received the highest order of merit for their productions, for isochronism, polarity of balance, superior quality of workmanship, and general performance. This reliable house is constantly 1filing orders for nautical instruments and chronometers for many foreign governments, including those of China, Japan, Brazil, and bestows the same care and attention on the rating of instruments of other makers as it does to those of its own manufacture. The chronometers of this firm are not affected or altered by exposure to sudden shocks of machinery. thunder, or the concussion of artillery, in consequence of the solidity of their construction and fine adaptation of the parts to each other. Messrs. T. S. & J. D. Negus are both natives of New York, and are held in the highest estimation by the community for their great mechanical and scientific ability and sterling integrity and their prominent establishment is the representative one in nautical specialties in the United States. M. W. Larendon, Commission Merchant, Naval Stores, Rice, etc., No. 159 Front Street.-There is perhaps no commercial interest that requires for its successful prosecution greater knowledge of minute details than that which is devoted to the trade in naval stores 'and general merchandise. Prominent among the representative houses in this trade is that of Mr. M. W. Larendon, No. 159 Front Street, which was established by him in 1869, and who is looked up to as one of the recognized leaders and experts in the naval-stores business. He deals extensively in turpentine, rosin, tar, rice, etc., and possesses a large and influential connection in the Souther n States at Wilmington, Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, and New Orleans. The facilities of this reliable house have expanded with the lapse of years since its foundation, and are now such as can only apply to those thoroughly understanding the business, and who can take advantage of every convenience whereby orders may be promptly filled and with perfect satisfaction to the trade. Mr. Larendon is a native of Charleston, and is greatly respected in mercantile circles for his executive ability and integrity. The advantages offered by this responsible house are unsurpassed by those of any of its contemporaries, and being a direct receiver from the o r iginal sources of s u pply of naval store s, Mr. Larendon is enabled to offer advantages in terms and qualities of goods difficult to be procured elsewhere in the metropolis. Cooke Brothers, Manufacturers of Lard aud Neats' Foot Oils, No. 159 Front Street.-The well-known house of Messrs. Cooke Brothers, No. 159 Front Street, was established by them in 1865. The factory is located at Elizabethport, N.J., and is admirably equipped with all the most improved apparatus and machinery necessary for the economical and systematic conduct of the business, employment being given to a large force of experienced operators. The firm manufactures lard, tallow, and neats'-foot oil, which is unsurpassed for quality and general excellence, and is sold onlyto jobbers. The individual members of this copartnership, Messrs. H. 0. and Charles A. Cooke, early in life embarked on a commercial career in which they have achieved eminent success. They are both esteemed members of the New York Produce Exchange, where they are very popular in con sequence of their ability and integrity, and have always been active supporters of all measures conducive to the permanent welfare and benefit of this national institution. The characteristics which regulate the business policy of this popular house are such as to entitle it to universal consideration, and the extent of its operations has made the firm a prominent o ne in New York, while the inducements offered to customers are of the most advantageous character. Hugh WV. Adams & Co., Agents Pig-Iron, Anthracite, Coke ajpd Charcoal Furnaces, No. 56 Pine Street.The increa sing use of iron is a prominent characteristic of th e present age, and every day sees s om e new application of it to the mechanical arts. Although the most useful of metals it was not the first known to man, the difficulty of reducing it from its ores naturally making it a later acquisition than gold, silver, or copper. A prominent house engaged in the pig-iron trade is that of Messrs. Hugh W. Adams & Co., which was established by the present partners in 1875, since which date Messrs. Adams and Co., have obtained a liberal and influential patronage from many of our leading iron manufacturers. They are sole agents for the following noted brands of anthracite. coke and charcoal, pig-iron, viz.: Pennsylvania Anthracite-Macungie, Lehigh, Coplay, Montour; Alabama Coke-Sloss. Alice; Alabama Charcoal-Clifton (carwheel), Woodstock (car-wheel); Georgia Coke-Rising Fawn; Michigan Charcoal —Eureka (malleable); Ohio Coke-Emma, Lily Stone Coal-Fulton-Tennessee Coke 288 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. shippers and merchants, every possible advantage. Mr. O'Doninell is represented in Philadelphia by Mr. H. C. Roberts. The following boats are the property of Mr. O'Donnell: Joseph O'Donlnell, 420 tons; Andrew Dettinger, 420; Hugh O'Donn,ell, 400; Mary O'Donnell, 375; Annie O'Donnell, 3,5; Lizzie O'Donnell, 350; John? O'Donnell, 330; -lichtael O'Donn,ell, 330; Annie Lear-y, 330; Julia Hanlon, 300; Jcus. D. Sprake-, 300; Jas. E. Keeler, 300; TVm. B. Marks, 300. Mr. O'Donnell is a native of Jersey City, and is held in the highest estimation by the community for his executive ability and sterling integrity, fully merits the and large measure of success attained by his well-directed exertions. The "l Musical Courier," Blumenberg & Floersheim, Editors and Proprietors, No. 25 East Fourteenth Street.-Among the publications devoted to the advancement of musical studies and the advantages and facilities of the music trade the JitMsical Courier may be specially mentioned as one that has obtained a large circulation, and is second to none in every respect of journalistic excellence in matters pertaining to the Divine Art and to the musictrade industry of the country. This well-known, widelyread, and influential journal was established in 1880 by Messrs. Blumenberg & Floersheim. The offices are located at No. 25 East Fourteenth Street, and are conveniently divided into business and editorial departments. It has been steadily growing into public favor under its present enterprising management, and its circulation is constantly on the increase-the Musical Courier being highly esteemed in Europe and America. Its articles are well and ably written, and its columns show a careful collation of musical and scientific matter graphically and professionally treated, while its tone is dignified and progressive. Messrs. Blumenberg and Floersheim are its editors and proprietors. The former is a native of Baltimore, the latter of Germany. Both gentlemen are ardently devoted to the study and progress of music and the development and improvement of musical instruments, are thoroughly conversant with all matters of musical interest, and are fully qualified by their education and training to speak authoritatively on all details connected with music and the construction of musical instruments. Personally they are highly esteemed by the commun ity f or their ability and integrity, and to their energy and perseverance are due the high standing and general prosperity of the Musical Courier. C. M. Maxwell, Proprietor of Stor a ge Warehouses, Nos. 105 and 107 East Thir te enth Street; Offices No. 74 University Place, corner of Thirteenth Street.-The leading concern in this line is that of Mr. v. M. Maxwell, who first star te d in it a f aas fa r back a s 1869, and has brought it by the exerc is e of g reat ability and i ndustry to its present large di mension s. The storage warehouses, which are at Nos. 79, 81, 83, 85, 105, 107,and and 2, and 29 East Thirteenth Street, and 63 East Twelf th Street, compr ise six separate buildin gs most ce ntrally l ocated, and fitted up expressly for th e safe ke eping of pianos, furniture, household effects, mirrors, paintings, works of art, books, papers, bric-a-brac, wines, liquors, general merchandise, theatrical properties, scene ry, e tc., whil e a special department is reser ved for tr unks and package s w her e the y can be unpacked at leisure. There are 1243 separate rooms to be hired for storage purposes, at from $1.50 up to $20 per month, and the storage rates are the lowest in the city, considering the very superior character of the accommod a tions offered. A specialty of Mr. Ma xwell's business is the making of advances on property stored with him, his large capital and liberal methods enabling him to offer the best and easiest of terms. Pianos and organs are received on sale and storage, or are bought, sold, rented, and repaired. In the latter case, new strings, carved legs, and other modern improvements are added at lowest cost price. Mr. Maxwell makes a prominent specialty of removing pianos, furniture, etc., shipping, city or country, employing none but experienced carmen and handlers, and being the owner of the finest covered furniture vans in the city, and which he had built expressly for his heavy trade. Mr. Maxwell is one of our most popular and respected business men. He is a native of Pennsylvania, and his career in the metropolis hat been an eminently successful and creditable one. P. J. Kelly, Manufacturer of Show-Cases in Metal, Wood, and Celluloid, No. 50 New Bowery.-A popular exponent of this branch of trade Ls Mr. P. J. Kelly, whose commodious and well-equipped factory and salesrooms are located a t No. 50 New Bower y. MIr. Kelly establis hed his business about sixteen years ago, and has been at the present location about nine years. The line of production comprisesoll kinds and styles of artistic show-cases in metal, wood, or celluloid, which are made to order or from the latest and most popular designs. The business is large and prosperous and gives employment to a goodly corps of skilled workmen, while the goods produced are noted in the trade for their durability and general excellence. Mr. Kelly is well known and highly respected throughout the city for his many sterling qualities, and the integrity and equitable methods which have distinguished his business transactions. George G. Burns, Carpenter and Builder, No. 109' West Forty-ninth Street.-Among the old-established and well-known carpenters and builders of the metropolis who enjoy an excellent reputation is Mr. George G, Burns who occupies the spacious premises No. 109 West Forty-ninth Street. He has been actively engaged in this business for the past thirty-three years, twenty-six of which he has been at the above location. Mr. Burns has erected some of the handsomest edifices that adorn our leading thoroughfares. He was the superintendent of the Equitable Building, Broadway and Cedar Street, while it was being constructed, and also superintended the building of the new Harlem Court House, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street. As a builder, Mr. Burns holds an influential place in the trade, having executed some of the largest contracts in the most satisfactory manner. The strictest integrity and fair dealing have ever characterized his career, and he is highly esteemed as a man of sterling worth and ability. James T, O'Donnell, River, Harbor, and Sound Lighterage, No. 113 Broad Street.-Engaged in the lighterage business are many enterprising business men, among whom mention should be made of the reliable house of Mr. James T. O'Donnell, whose offices are conveniently located at No. 113 Broad Street. This house was established in 1875 by Messrs. Davison & O'Donnell, and was continued by them till 1884, when, on She retirement of Mr. Davison, Mr. O'Donnell became sole proprietor. Mr. O'Donnell is sole owner of a large fleet of Schuylkill and Canal boats, open and decked, varying in tonnage from 420 to 300 tons, and forwards in a prompt manner to and from Philadelphia and points South all kinds of freight. fie likewise undertakes every description of harbor, river, and sound lighterage, and in consequence of his ample facilities is enabled to perform all commissions under the most favorable auspices, and is always prepared to render his customers, among whom are many of our leading 289 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUST'RIES Mr. Meyer is a native of Germany, who studied his profession under the mo s t learn ed Ger m an authorities. His wonderful success under their tuit ion and the practical benefits resultan t therefrom ca used hi m to re ceive the great and merited honor of being appointed opticia n to His Imperial Highness the Crown-Prince of Germany, while he w as also chosen as pr a ctical optician of the Ophthablmic Institute of the late Professor A. Von Graefe in Berlin, a distinguised a ppointme nt m vi ew of th e c elebrity of Professor Von Graefe. Mr. Meyer now has the most flattering testimonials from the Professor as to his efficiency and skill. He has built up the finest class of trade in this city, and in his central premises, located in the most fashionable part of Broadway, displays an unusually fine and reliable stock of optical goods, and is prepared to pronounce an opinion on and adjust to the sight the lenses best adapted in every case of defective vision. Mr. Meyer is endorsed by all first-class physicians, and has made for himself in this community a reputation of the highest possible character. The Climax Fuse Company, Manufacturers of Patent Improved Safety Fuse, Office No. 35 Broadway.-It is a matter of no little regret that within the past few years many high explosives and fuses have been manufactured and sold which have been so sensitive as to cause during ordinary handling and transportation serious loss of life, destruction of property, and consequent fear and distrust in the mind of the public. In this connection, special attention is directed to the reliable Climax Fuse Company, Manufacturers of Patent Improved Safety Fuse, whose New York offices are located at" No. 35 Broadway. This business was originally founded by Messrs. R. And rews & C o. in 1852, and was continued by them till 1880, whe n the pre sent com pany was organized undersa f the laws of the State of Connecticut; it not being incorporated, however, until 1884, the following gentlemen being the offic ers, v iz.: President, A. F. Andrews; Treasurer, H. S. Chapman; Secretary, Geo. A. Saunders. The factory is located at Avon, Conn., and is equipped with all the latest improved apparatus and appliances necessar y f or the systematic pro secution of the bus iness. The fuse manufactured by the Climax Company is unsurpassed for safety and protection of life, and is warranted to withstand the dangers incident to transportation by water, and when used will always be found to be in as good condition as when first made. It is impossible to speak too highly of the Improved Safety Fuse, which is invaluable in submarine blasting and mining and is used extensively not only in this country but Europe and South America. The growth and prosperity of this establishment are only commensurate with the energy and enterprise of its projectors, who are sedulously engaged in maintaining the character of their " Safety Fuse" and thereby meeting the most exacting demands of the trade. Mr. A. F. Andrews, the President, is one of the representative inventors and manufacturers of the United States, and is highly esteemed by the community for his ability and integrity, and worthily presides over the rapidly increasing interests of the company. The Secretary, Mr. Geo. A. Saunders, was formerly Civil Engineer on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy R. R., and built that substantial road. He is an energetic and hard-working gentleman, well versed in the performance of the onerous duties which he performs, and as widely known for his talents as for the honorable manner in which he attends to the Company's interests. Mr. H. S. Chapman, the Treasurer, is a popular, enterprising member of the commercial community, and ably and faithfully discharges the important duties devolving upon him, and is greatly respected for his probity and ability. He is the President of the Metallic Cap Manufactuming Company, also at No. 35 Broadway, manufac turers of blasting primers for high explosives and nitroglycerine. This company, which was established in 1876, has a large trade all over the United States and also heavily exports. The works are at Huntingdon Valley, Pa., but all business is done at the New York office. The Metallic Cap Manufacturing Company, Manufacturers of Blasting Primers and Electric Fuses for High Explosives and Nitro- Glycerine; Office 35 Broadway, New York. H. S. Chap'man, President; F. K. Brewster, Secretary and Treasurer. Established 18,76. Works, Huntingdon Valley, Pa., trade all over United States, also export. All business done in Nlew York office. Vacuum Oil Company, Manufacturers of Fine Lubricating Oils, Specialty of Cylinder Oils; Works and Main Office, Rochester; New York Office, No. 96 Water Street, W. A. Freeman Manager.-The business conducted by the "Vacuum Oil Co." is not only the largest, but one of the oldest established in its line in America, having been founded in 1866; the works and main offices from the start having been permanently located in Rochester, N.Y. The Company possesses the best equipped manufactory of lubricants in the United States. Here they are actively engaged in the manufacture of fine lubricating oils upon the most extensive scale. The Company's President, Mr. H. B. Everest, and the Vice-President and Treasurer, Mr. C. M. Everest, both bring the widest possible range of practical experience to bear, and give that close personal attention to the purchase of the raw oils, and the processes of manufacture that has given their lubricants such a celebrity. Both gentlemen are recognized as the leading authorities upon the question of what constitutes the best lubricants for all purposes, and their favorite "Vacuum" brands once introduced become as staple an article with machinery and engine users as the fuel itself. The beauties and intrinsic merits of the "Vacuum" Oils would require a volume to fully describe in detail, but the best argument is the fact of their permanent world-wide consumption. The Company has large branch establishments as follows: New York, at No. 96 Water Street; Boston, at No. 51 Purchase Street; and Montreal at No. 70 St. Peter Street. The New York house is under the able and energetic management of Mr. W. A. Freeman, and was originally located in Maiden Lane, whence in 1882, the growth of the trade compelled his removal to the spacious premises, No. 96 Water Street, extending through to Pearl. Here he carries the largest and the most complete stock in the city of fine lubricating oils for all purposes, making a prominent specialty of the Company's celebrated cylinder oils, which are preferred by railway and steamboat companies, and steam users generally. These oils are equally serviceable in cold or heat, and meet all the exigencies of the most arduous kinds of service, and the sales have attained proportions of the greatest magnitude. The Company also manufactures the celebrated "Vacuum Harness Oil," which is the best for preserving and keeping flexible and in good condition all kinds of harness and leather exposed to the atmosphere. Mr. Freeman has represented the Vacuum Oil Co. in the city since 1881. He is universally popular, being noted in our leading commercial circles for his honorable methods and sterling integrity. Raphael M eyer, Practical Optician to H.I.H. the Crown-Prince of Germany, etc., No. 744 Broadway.-The most celebrated and talented practical optician in New York to-day is Mr. Raphael Meyer of No. 744 Broadway. 290 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Proehl has carried it on upon his own account. He occupies the old familiar premises at No. 62 South Street, so centrally located, and where he manufactures and deals in chronometers and all descriptions of nautical instruments. The chronometers supplied by Mr. Proehl are of a very superior character, and are specially adapted for long, "deep-water" voyages. He always has on hand a large stock of new and second-hand quadr-ants, sextants, etc., and not only manufactures to order but effects all repairs in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. Mr. Proehl is the agent for the United States Hydrographic, Coast, and Geodetic Survey Office Publications. As regards his skill and ability to give entire satisfaction Mr. Proehl refers among others, to such prominent houses as those of Messrs. Funch, Edye & Co., Boyd & Hinken, Bernham & Boyesen, Snow & Burgess, C. Tobias & Co., and Miller & Houghton; and we cordially commend him to the attention of the public and to our thousands of nautical readers as one who has the facilities and the ability to give entire and enduring satisfaction in his branch of trade. Peter I. Nevius & S on, S hi p Brokers and Commission Merchants, No. 11 South Street.-On e of the most ancient commercial landmarks in the city of New York, a connecting link, as it were, be tween the pa st and the prese nt generation of merchants, is the prominent house of Peter I. Nevius & S on. T he f irm-name ha s bee n a familiar one to the people of the metropolis for over thre e qu ar ters of a century, and represents to-day as flourishing and permanent a business as in t he t ime of th e f irs t Peter I. Nevius. Th e founder of this concern, the late Mr. Peter I. Nevius, was bor n in 1778, at Whitehouse, N. J., and commenced business in New York in 1803. Vhen his eldest son, wtr. Jacob R. Nevius, was t wenty-one years of age, he took him into partnership under the name and style of Peter I. Nevius & Son. Subs equ ently his two other sons, Messrs. George Lent Nevius and James M. Nevius, were admitt ed an d the f irm-name was ch anged to Peter I. Nevius & Sons. M r. Peter I. Nevius, J r., was born in October, 1822, and was taken into the firm April 10, 1847, when Messrs. George and James Nevius retired. The firm then cont inued in business till De cember 31, 1864, when the s enio r partner, M er. Peter I. Nevius, retired fr om it and Mr. George L. Nevius returned. Mr. Jacob R. Nevius died in December, 1867, and the se nior, Mr. Pe ter I. lNevius, din bete a ined in 1869, both gentlemen having led long and honor able business careers. The firm then continued till D ecember 31, s1871, when Mr. G eorge L. Nevius re ti red and Mr i. William H. Nevius, a son of Mr. P eter I. Nevius, was taken into the partnership. In 1881 Captain D. E. Taylor becae ame a member of the firm. In July, 1883, the second llr. P eter I. Nevius died, deep ly re reetted by a large circl e of friends and by his fellow-members on the Produc e Exchange, where he ha d the highest of reputati ons. Th e firm at present consists of Messrs. Wi l liam H. Nevius, D. E. Taylo r, and Peter I. Nevius .(bro ther of the senior partner). It deals in all branches of ship-brokerage and commission, having memberships in nearly all of the commercial exchanges of the city. Jamnes H a. Tinsley, Steam, Book and Job Printer, No. 372 Pearl Street. —is as able exponent of the printing trade may be quoted the house of MIr. James H. Tinsley, located'at No..3,2 Pearl Street. The business of this house was established about twenty-five years ago by R. T. Entwistly, who was succeeded by the firm of Bond & Tinsley five years afterward, Mr. Tinsley becoming sole proprietor in 1882. The business has been at the present location about twelve years, and has prospered to a degree commensurate with the enterprise and industrious skill of its management. Mr. Tinsley early learned the printing trade, and for a number of years was connected with the Glen7t's Falls Republican, and afterwards with the Lyons Republican of this State. He is an old and highly popular Pearl Street printer, and the success achieved in his business enterprise is a natural result of the exercise of those sterling qualities which constitute essential elements in the career of a successful merchant. l Gcorge W. R eeler, General Eastern Agent Mexican Centra l Railroad; Offlce, No. 261 Broadway.-Nothing indicates the growth of American enterprise more strongly than the rapi d e xtensi on of our railway system to all points o f the vast Southwest. The bo undarie s of the republic of Mexico proved no serious obstac le to Amer ican capital and ene and ean d the peaceful in v asio n of t he Aztec soil by the con s tructors of the Mexican Central Railroad Company marked an era of mutual confidence that was of the most rea ssuring c haracter. The Mexican Central is now the important trunk route in that country, passin g oug thr oughi g the c apital and r eahing the most fertile agricultural regions and rich mining sections. Its direct connections with the en tire ra ilway system of the United States has created a very exte nde d traffic all through th e East and West, and on February 1, 1885, the company appoin ted Mr. George W. Keeler it s general Eastern agent, with headquarters at No. 261 Broadway, New York. The selection was an eminently judicious one, Mr. Keeler bringing a very wide range of practical experience to bear, no one being better acquainted than he with the responsible character of the duties devolving upon him, while he is considered an authority in all matters pertaining to his position. He was for a period of ten years connected with the Union Pacific Railroad Company in important representative capacities, for eight years of that time being located in the Union Pacific office, corner of Broadway and Reade Street. For a period of two years he had charge of the Union Pacific Company's Philadelphia office, ably and faithfully promoting the company's best interests, and retiring from their service with letters from the Traffic Manager and General Officers regretting his withdrawal from the company. Mr. Keeler has a general acquaintance with leading merchants and manufacturers throughout the Eastern States. His practical knowledge of competing routes, through rates, and of the best mode of reaching interior Mexican points, are factors of great importance to our Eastern community, and Mr. Keeler, with characteristic enterprise and energy, is already rapidly adding to the volume of trade, seeking his all-rail route in preference to those by water br overland, and affording increased facilities to the mercantile community of New York and the New England States. It is with great pleasure, therefore, that we call attention to the General Eastern Agency of the Mexican Central as being the best channel through which the public can secure either transportation or passage, at lowest rates and in shortest time, to all points in the neighboring Re. public of Mexico. A rn old Proehl, Mianufacturer of Chronometers and Nautical Instruments; Agent for United States Hydrographic, Coast, and Geodetic Survey Publications, No. 62 South Street.-An old established concern, dealing directly in everything in'the above line, was that of P. L. DeMory Gray & Co. of No. 62 South Street, near Wall. The business was originally founded some thirty-five years ago by Mr. Gray, who was widely and favorably known in nautical circles, and for a number of years was in copartnership with Mr. Arnold Proehl, under the name and style of " P. L. DeMory Gray & Co." In December, 1884, the firm dissolved, since which date Mr. Arnold 291 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. and development of such an important concern as the "Wallabout Oil Works." With him is associated his son, Mr. Henry C. Jenney, a popular and talented member of the business world, noted for his superior executive abilities and intimate knowledge of the market for refined oils, etc. Thus constituted the firm has no superior in its line of manufactures, and those forming commercial relations therewith may feel assured of receiving that liberal, honorable treatment which has always characterized its dealings from the date of its inception. Moses Corson, Packer of the Celebrated Monogram Brand Oysters and Clams, Boat No. 17, Oyster Market, foot of West Tenth Street, North River.-The oyster trade is a branch of commerce that is well represented in this city, and among the many there is no better or more popular exponent than Mr. Moses Corson, whose fine establishment occupies boat No. 17 at the foot of West Tenth Street. The beds of this house are located at Prince's Bay, Rockaway, and Virginia waters, besides the products of which extensive purchases are made from planters generally, the line of trade embracing all' firstclass oysters, among which the famous "Monogram" brand is made a "house specialty." The trade, which is very large and extensive, includes, in addition to a prosperous city business, large and frequent shipments throughout the States and Canada and occasionally to England. Mr. Corson is an old oysterman, having been connected with the business in different capacities the greater portion of his life. For many years prior to 1878 he was engaged in planting and boating, and at the date mentioned embarked in his present business at the location since occupied. Throughout his business career MIr. Corson has evinced in a marked degree the sterling qualities and equitable methods incident to a successful business career, and the gratifying results achieved are a just tribute to his probity and enterprise. E. B. Brooke & Co., Co mmissio n a nd Forwarding Agents, No. 7 South Street.-The commission ente rpr ise has grown greatly in volume and impor ta nce during t he last few years, and among the most active and enterprising firms engaged in this line is that of Messrs. E. B. Brook e & Co., whose offices a re eligibly locate d at No. 7 South Street. This busines s wa s originally fou nded in 1859 by the American Transportation Company, and w as conducted by it til 18,2, when the present firm succeeded to the business. Taking advantage of our unequalled facilities of communication by land and water, Messrs. Brooke & Co. afford unsurpassed advantages to shippers of freight of every description in being able to forward goods over a number of roads and canals without the trouble and labor of obtaining a separate bill of lading from each concern. It is a matter of great convenience and importance to the mercantile public to possess such houses as that managed by Messrs. Brooke & Co., by which they can forward their goods at remarkably low rates. The firm owns a large number of steamboats, and is enabled to carry freight to the principal lake ports at favorable rates, contracts in every case being given on shipments. The house handles grain, produce, lumber, etc., on commission, and can guarantee quick sales and prompt returns, or the proprietors will make liberal advances on consignments, if required. The members of this copartnership, Messrs. E. B. Brooke and F. M. Lawrence, are highly esteemed in the commercial world for their executive ability and integrity, and their popularity and high standing are the best possible proof of their honorable business methods. Wallabout Oil Works, S. Jenney & Son, Refiners of Petroleum and its Products, and Manufacturers of Black Lubricating Oils; Refinery, Kent Avenue, foot of Rush Street, Williamsburgh; New York Office, No. 128 Maiden Lane.-One of those representative concerns which has manifested such a worthy and legitimate spirit of enterprise in the development of the commercial and industrial interests of New York and vicinity is the Wallabout Oil Works, of which Messrs. S. Jenney & Son are the proprietors. The business is very old established, having been founded in 1860, thus rendering the firm one of the pioneers in the important development of the processes requisite to the thorough refining of petroleum and its products. Their successful efforts were long ago recognized by the trade, and they have steadily kept in the van of progress, so that to- day the "Wallabout Oil Works" are among the best equipped in the business. Messrs. Jenney & Son bring the widest possible range of practical experience to bear, and their refined petroleum, both for the home and export demand, has long been a favorite with the trade. Their refinery is eligibly located on Kent Avenue, foot of Rush Street, Williamsburgh, and is one of the most perfectly equipped in the business, giving employment to a numerous force of hands, and the annual product of which has attained proportions of great magnitude. The firm's offices were for many years located at No. 128 Pearl Street, whence in 1884 they removed to their present very commodious premises at No. 128 Maiden Lane, where they carry a full line of the samples of their refined oils and other products, and possess every fachity for the prompt filling of the largest shipping and export orders. The firm has established a very high reputatien as manufacturers of their celebrated black lubhicating oils, which for purity, general excellence, and perfect adaptation to machinery purposes have long been the standards both with American and foreign consumers. The firm have long been noted for the wide range of their trade, their refined petroleum and oils being shipped all over the United States. Mr. S. Jenney is one of New York's influential and respected business men, noted throughout commercial circles for his honorable methods and sterling integrity, and whose enterprise and energy are well illustrated in the founding 292 Hanlon & Co., Manufacturers of Rubber and Horn Combs, Bracelets, Jewelry, Buttons, etc., No. 213 Centre Street, formerly Nos. 406 and 408 Broadway.-A leading house in this line is that of Messrs. Hanlon & Co. of No. 213 Centre Street, formerly Nos. 406 and 408 Broadway The business was originally established in 1860, and since 1881 has been actively and progressively carried on by the present firm. Mr. P. H. Hanlon, the esteemed head of the house, has been directly identified with the trade during the past ten years, and has. built it up to proportions of great magnitude, He possesses every facility upon a large scale for the manufacture of horn combs, rubber combs and bracelets, horn and rubber'buttons, rubber jewelry, novelties in hair ornaments of all kinds, etc., and keeps a large force of skilled hands constantly employed. He occupies eligible salesrooms, central in the best section of the city, wherein is displayed a most extensive and completely assorted stock of the goods comprised in his branch of manufacture. He does a business of corresponding magnitude, his sales extending to every section of the United States, while he likewise exports to foreign countries to a considerable extent. Mr. Hanlon is a native of Ireland, who has been a life-long resident of New York. and who bears a reputation of the very highest character in our commercial circles for enterprise and honorable business methods. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. built up a large and prosperous trade. The workshop is equipped with all the most improved machinery, tools, and appliances, for the manufacture of elevators, hoistwheels, and all kinds of iron apparatus. A force of eight skilled mechanics is employed, and every facility is at hand for executing the largest orders in the promptest and most reliable manner. Mr. Dowdall is the inventor of the improved platform truck, which is universally recognized as the very best truck manufactured. He makes a spe. cialty of repairing rolling shutters and elevators in the most thorough manner. Mr. Dowdall was born in Ireland, and came to this country about forty years ago. He is a type of the self-made man, and is highly esteemed. That he is considered a first-class workman may be inferred from the fact that he numbers among his other patrons such a representative house as that of H. B. Claflin & Co. Joseph Molloy, General Furnishing Und ertaker, Coffin Warehouse No. 319 We st Twenty-fifth Street.-The well-kno wn and highly e steemed undertaking house of Mr. Joseph Molloy, No. 319 West Twenty-fifth Street, was establishe d about twenty-five years ago by the present proprie tor, and since that per io d has enjoyed a continue d p rosperity. The peculiar calling of the undertaker r equ ires a temp erament and isposition poss es sed by few. To him is entrust ed th e sup erinte ndence of the funeral ceremony, and everything pertaining to the last sat rites of the de ad; and su ccess in thi s n bpr ofession is only awarded to those who are possessed of a sympathetic nature and du e regard and respect for their important duties. It is needless to add that nr. Mpollo y is endowed with all the functions and tra its of character needed in this vocation, and gives entire satisfaction to b er eaved friends and relatives. The prem ises occupied are very commodious, and in the warerooms may be seen samples of the latest designs in wood, glass, and cloth-covered caskets and burial c ases, with every variety of trimming and undertaking upholstery, to meet the requirements and tastes of the public. Mr. Molloy attends personally to all details of funerals, furnishing the carriages, hearses, corpse preservers, and generally superintends the management of affairs to th e entire satisfaction of those who entrust him wit h these delicatvmn.e dut ies. He is a native of King's Coun ty, Ireland a ndn d h as resided in this country for the last thirty years. and is h igh ly esteeme d by all classes of citizens for his kind and courteous manners and inflexible integrity. He possesses a complete knowledge of all the requirements of his business, and exercises every care and s olicitude, without anxiet y to t hos e who are compelle d to seek hi s services in their bereavement. William L. Northam, Coal and Wood, No. 383 Pearl Street.-One of the oldest and most prominent exponent s of this city's coal and wood trad e is Mr. William L. Northam, whose office and yard are eligibly located at No. 383 Pearl St reet. Mr. Northam has had a career which in view o in its many vicissitudes would form an interesting subject for a novelist. In early lifhe he was a sea captaon, and in the course of his long voyages to all parts of the world was several times attacked by pirates. About the year 1839 he embarked in the general coal business in this city with a brother, now a successful lawyer in San Francisco. Ten years later he joined the army of "Forty-niners," and proceeded to California, where he subsequently accumulated a large amount of property, and became a prosperous and wealthy "'Frisco" merc h ant, only to be ruined a few years later by a disastrous f i r e. In 1853 he established the coal business on a large s c a l e in the vicinity of his present office, an d is still f a m o u s from having been the only dealer w ho d ared i m p o r t "Cannel" coal at $30 per ton when " gold was q u o t e d at $2.80." Of late years Mr. Northam has been r e d u c i n g his large business, not caring a t his age to ass u m e the responsibilities of a large enterprise. H e has a c o s i l y furnished office at the location mentioned, an d still d o es a prosperous trade. Mr. Northam has t wo talented daughters; one an authoress, the other an artist, both of whom are valued contributors to Harpers' publ ications. William_ A. Hankinson, Carpenter and Builder, No. 213 West Thirty-first Street.-Among the leading representatives of this great industry is the well-known establishment of Mir. William A. Hankinson, Carpenter and Builder, No. 213 West Thirty-first Street. Mr. Hankinson has been actively engaged in this business for the past fifteen years, during which time he has executed many large contracts in this city. He is a practical workman and thoroughly understands the building business in its every detail. Mr. Hankinson also gives special attention to ca binet wo rk, manufactu ring som e of the nicest furniture for offices, libraries, etc., carved and finished in the most ornate and artistic designs of his own devising. The specimens which we examined show very superior skill and excellent taste. He employs none but the most experienced hands, and all orders intrusted to his care are executed in the most perfect manner. The premises occupied for his workshops are spacious and substantially constructed. The interior arrangements are perfect, and every facility in the way of tools, appliances, and machinery is at hand. Mr. Ilankinson is an energetic business man, honorable and fair in all his dealings. Louis Hartu ng, I mporter of Hum an Hair, No. 711 Broadway.-This house was established ove r twenty-one years ago, but the present prop rietor has but r ecently assumed control. During his incumbency, however, he has not only maintained but enhanced the reputation of the house, a nd throu gh his energy, business tact, a nd e quitab le dealing, has secured an extensive and lucrati ve connection throughout the United States, Canada, and South America. In his line he handles every conceivable description of goods, and his long experience, large knowledge of the details of his business, and peculiar facilities for obtaining first-class lines of goods, are factors of no little importance to the prosperity of his enterprise. Mr. Hartung obtains his raw material principally from Germany and France, and exclusively through reliable agents. In the disposal of his goods in this country three travelling salesmen are kept constantly upon the road, and the amount of goods sold reaches a very large aggregate. The showrooms of this firm are stocked with a fine and complete assortment of hair goods, tastefully classified and arranged for the convenience of customers. As regards prices, Mr. Hartung challenges competition, and he makes a specialty of prompt and effective filling of orders. A native of Germany, Mr. Hartung has resided in this country for thirty-seven years, and during that time has secured a very large support from nunerous business and social acquaintances. He is a gentleman of great business ability, and his energy, tact, and sterling integrity, have wrought out the successful consummation of his enterprise. P. J. Dowdall, Machinist and Blacksm ith, Manufacturer of Elevators, Hoist Wheels, Platform Trucks, etc., No. 52 West Broadway.-An old established and wellknown machinist and blacksmith of the metropolis, who maintains an excellent reputation as an expert workman, is Sir. P. J. Dowdall, whose spacious workshop and foundry is at No. 52 West Broadway. He began in this business thirty-three years ago, and from a small beginning has I I 293 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. S. M. Schwab, Jr., & Co., Manufacturers of Hanidkerchiefs, Nos. 196 and 196Y2 Church Street (near White Street).-In the prosecution of our mission of compiling an authentic review of the trade interests of this busy metropolis it becomes a duty to devote a portion of our space to the prosperous industry conducted under the firm title of S. M. Schwab, Jr., &, Bro., at Nos. 196 and 196Y2 Church Street. The house was founded about nine years ago, by Messrs. S. El. Schwab. Jr., and Noah Schwab, who compose the present firm, and in its line of trade-the manufacture of cotton handkerchiefs-it has attained a prominence which places it among the leading metropolitan industries. At the factory in Brooklyn a large force of skilled operators is employed in the production of the goods, in the manufacture of which the firm has attained a far-reaching celebrity. The business is jobbing only, and the large and prosperous trade extends throughout the United States. Mr. S. Ml. Schwab, Jr., is a gentleman of wide practical experience in the business, as is also his brother and junior partner, and both gentlemen enjoy the highest regard in trade circles for the sterling integrity and equitable business methods which have been marked elements of their eminently successful enterprise. Horace R. Kelly & Co., Importers of Havana, and Manufacturers of Key West Havana Cigars, No. 40 Beaver Street.-The history of the rise and progress of the New York trade and manufacturing enterprise in the line of cigars, would be manifestly incomplete without special reference being made to the great house of Messrs. Horace R. Kelly & Co., who as successors to the old house of Robert E. Kelly & Co., are now actively carrying on and rapidly extending a business which was originally founded in 1839. Mr. Robert E. Kelly, was one of the pioneers who first extensively engaged in the importation of choice Havana cigars to this market. The present firm succeeded him in 187,2. Their enterprise and energy soon told in the development of the business; both of the copartners, Mr. Horace R. Kelly and Mr. Maurice De Belinay, bring vast practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade. Their handsome office and salesroom are eligibly and centrally located at No. 40 Beaver Street, being 25x75 feet in dimensions. and fully stocked with the choicest brands of Havanas, either of their own manufacture or directly imported from Havana. To accommodate their immense stock the firm occupy three entire floors in the adjoining building, No. 38 Beaver Street, each 2x75x feet, so that the firm is better prepared than any other in the city to promptly fill the largest orders and afford buyers the opportunity to make personal selections from their choice brands. Their extensive factory, which is eligibly located at Key West, was erected specially for their requirements, nad now gives employment to upwards of 300 skilled hands. Their trade has attained proportions of the greatest magnitude, including as it does, leading jobbers and dealers throughout this city and the country at large. Messrs. Horace R. Kelly & Co., are among our most energetic business men, and as proprietors of one of the largest establishments of its kind in existence, both as regards integrity and enterprise, enjoy the highest of reputations in the trade, and are worthy representatives of their branch of commercial activity. William H. Dewar, Plumber, No. 206 West Twentieth Street..-In this age of gigantic dwelling-houses too much attention cannot be paid to sanitary arrangements. One of the representative establishments in this line, and one that has the reputation of doing first-class work is that of Mr. William H. Dewar, No. 206 West Twentieth Street. He is a practical workman, an h e utd has executed the work in many of our la rgest establishments. Mr. Dewar is the inventor of a grapple for the removal of obstructions in soil and waste pipes. (Patented July 4, 1876.) This grapple is of great service and convenience in closets and bathrooms relieving the gorged pipes instantaneously. He is well-known to the trade, and all work submitted to him can be relied on as. being performed with great care and efficiency. Mr. Dewar employs none but first-class men. AR work is done under his own personal supervision, and he counts among his patrons many large property-owners and business men. Mr. Dewar is a genial and enterprising gentleman, highly esteemed by all with whom h3 has had business dealings. J. A. May &.Bro., Foreign Fruits, No. 56 Broad Street.-he importation of foreign fruits in quantities is comparatively a new enterprise, and many things have combined in the last few years to increase this industry to vast proportions. A prominent house in this trade is that of Messrs. J. A. May & Bro., which was founded in 1873 by the present proprietors, who have since built up a liberal and influential patronage. The offices and salesrooms are located at No. 56 Broad Street, and are equipped with every facility and appliance for the successful prosecution of the business. Among the principal causes which have led to the great increase in the importation of foreign fruits are the improvements in the method of packing and conveying goods of perishable character and the increased facilities and speed of transportation. Messrs. May & Brother have demonstrated that foreign fruits of the most delicate character can be imported and sold in this market with almost all their original richness of flavor, if proper care be taken in packing and handling them. The reputation of this house for liberality is hot excelled by any contemporary concern; while the resources and facilities at its command render it one of the most desirable with which to establish pleasant and profitable relations. The members of this copartnership, Messrs. J. A. & Edward May, are highly regarded by the community for their ability integrity and enterprise, and justly merit the success attained by their well - directed efforts. Their trade extends all over the country. and they possess in an eminent degree the respect and confidence of the business community 294 George A. Haws, Lubricating Offs, No. 34 Water Street.-Prominent among the leading members in this trade is Mr. George A. Haws of No. 34Water Street, whose lubricants have come into such high estimation with leading consumers all over the United States. Mr. Haws brings a wide range of practical experience to bear, and when he entered into business upon his own account in 1877 it was with an exact knowledge of what the public wanted and full ability to supply it. His specialty is thepopular " Unexcelled " Cylinder Oil, which has met with the prompt recognition of mill and factory managers, and steam users generally, as being the best and most economical for lubricating purposes of any in the market. Mr. Haws' lubricating oils are guaranteed absolutely pure, specially manufactured under his own personal supervision and by processes exclusively his own. His trade has rapidly enlarged, and he occupies the entire building, No. 34 Water Street, as a manufactory and warehouse, giving employment to a number of sldlled bands, and shipping in increasingly large quantities to mill and other corporations, and consumers generally, both East and West. He has built up and conducts his business in a manner which shows him to be a thoroughly honorable and reliable member of the commercial world. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. R. M. Walters, Pianos, Nos. 57, and 59 University Mr. W. B. Stone, who has had twenty years' experience Place, cor. East Twelfth Street.-By years of unremit- in the piano trade, and who manages the prenmises No. 59 ting effort, Mr. R. M. Walters, Nos. 57 and 59 University University Place. The factory at Nos. 54-58 West ThirPlace, has established a high reputation as a manufacturer teenth Street, is a four-storied building, well lighted and of Narvesen celebrated pianos, which are unsurpassed for supplied with all the latest improved machinery and apdelicacy, sweetness, and sympathy of tone, exquisite sing- pliances; tle workmen being all experts in their various ing quality, and sustained power. Mr. Walters is a thor- departments, and all under the personal supervision of ough musician, having a theoretical and practical knowl- Mr. Narvesen, who founded the business thirty-seven edge of the art in all its branches. Ip August, 1880, he pur- years ago. Ever since Mr. Walters took charge of the chased the business of the Narvesen Piano Manufactory, business, he has derived the greatest satisfaction from at Nos. 230 and 232 East Thirty-sixth Street, from the pro- the reputation voluntarily accorded him by the profesprietors, Messrs. Narvesen, Hangaard & Bergman, and sional and amateur world, of making all his pianos of still retains these gentlemen at their different depart- equal excellence and maintaining the highest standard of ments. The Narvesen piano was introduced to the public perfection in manufacture that has yet been reached. Mr. Walters has been very suc cessful in his enterprise, and Add, ~ ~ ~~~ - _ ~his motto "Not for a day, but for all time," adopted i^~~~ ~~by him when commencing business, has been happily -- -- 4 Ma ~~realized. He is a native of New York, and is held in the highest estimation, socially and commercially, for his in flexible honor and integrity. During the past year he re ceived a well deserved com: =_ ~~~~ ~pliment from the Board of piano for use in the public ............... ~~~~ schools. The puplls and J ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...............~ schools, as well as Mr. Wal ters, should be congratulated ~pian o foruse ion the choicemade. Wm:. H. Wells & Co., Eckford Iron Works, Ship Ma chinists and Iron Founders, Nos. 108 and 110 Cannon Street.-Half a century or more has passed away since the Eckford ion Works '!/)"(Messrs. Wm. H. Wells & Co., proprietors, N os. 108 a nd 110 Cannon Street), were found ly ed, and the influence this in dustry ha s e xerted i n develop-e ing the ma nufacturing in- os connected~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ tihlh buiessneta(eid r -o t hpwr.Messrs. Wm. H. Wel ls &~ Co., aesi :.t, rsopendhirirs aerm tNo.r7Est Fourenhmrhns. anio0fudes and mauatuewndass the pi~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~annon Straeet, bu h rwin cnsoi uiessre- ice,admk pcat of t sPtnRound:":: i.edmoero, and in18 eprhsdthe leaenfiup oerc Cptas Theykeiostnl on-hn his preen elgbeadcmoiustpremss Inhan shps sexering whevelsplianpowrcpstn-ol Twelfth Street, his p~~~~~~~~ianoguies hc soeo the dierolr,hmmr,anddublehoituing winchs -o terests of the metropolis can -~ ~ -;......... /not be overestimated. The oldest...~~.......in~ thouse was established origin al - ly in 1832, and since its i ncep - in 1847, and the proprietor has now in his employment tion at th at d ate has enjoyed a liberal pa tronage from some of the piano-maker s who ha ve been unin terru ptedly ship-owners, etc., in cons equen ce of th e unexcelled quality connected withthe busine ss sin ce that p eriod. Mr. Wa l- of its ship work. Messrs. Wm. H. Wells & Co., are ship ters opened his first warerooms at No. 27 East Fourteenth merchants and iron founders, and manufacture windlasses, Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, in the heart of chain-lifters, side-winches, chain-stoppers, hoistingthe piano trade, but the growing want s of his busine ss re- winc hes, a nd mak e a specialty of Gardner's Patent Round qu ired more room, and in 1881 he purchased the lease of Top Power Capstans. They keep constan tly on ha nd his present eligible and commodioujs premises. In Jan- ship's steering wheels, plain and power capstans of all nary, 1883, he purchased from W. H. Walker, No. 47 East sizes, chocks, cleats, and ship materials generally. PlleTwelfth Street, his piano business, which is one of the driver rollers, hammers, and double hoisting winches for oldest in this country, having been established by Messrs. derricks are also kept in stock, and particular care and Gelb & Walker in 1791, J. & D. Walker, in 1810, and attention are paid to repairs. The firm is prepared to Walker Bros., in 1869, who were considered among the make iron ship machine-work of every description, and best manufacturers in the United States. Mr. W. H. able to guarantee satisfaction in all cases, and at the lowest Walker, who has had twenty-nine years' experience, is possible prices consistent with good work. The facilities retained in the employment of Mr. Walters, having the of this house for the production of first-class work are unmanagement of the department, No. 57 University Place. surpassed. The individual members of this copartnership Mr. Walters is aiso fortunate in securing the services of are Messrs. Ed. M. Perley, D.W.McLean, and John Gardner. 295 NEW YORK'S LEADI)ING INDUSTRIES. of strict commercial Integrity, and relations once entered into with it are sure to become not only pleasant for the time being but profitable and permanent. Union Brass Manufacturing Company, Mani, factbtrers of Car Trimmings, Nos. 85 to 109 Ohio Street Chicago; New York office, No. 115 Broadway.-Thle great variety of goods embraced under the heading ol brans car trimmings, and the varied application of thi valuable coinposition metal to the manufaceture of articl es for r ailroad cars present s an interesting study A prominent hlouse devoted to the production of the innumerable pieces of brass, bronze and other soil metal castings, etc., for the countless purposes to which these m eta ls are now put, i s a great assistant in pro tr oting t he g eneral g ood of any m anufac tur ing centerf Su ch a house in Chicago is that of the Union Bras Manufacturing Company, No s. d to 109 Olio sjreely. wh ich is represented in New York, by Mr. J. E. CD oss a t No. 115 Broadway, was founded in 1864, and s ince it:, inceptio n a t that period has obtained a limbernl patronage fro m the leading raileoad car manufacturers of the e country. This enterpris e embraces the production oi all kinds of car trimmings including sash locks, lifts an d springs, outside do or bolt s and stops, hangers bracke ts, racks, pump and tanksfxtu res, hiinges, etc. in fact everything that is necessary in this l ine foi properlyfittin up any kind of railroad cars. These, car t rimmings are used extensively by th e Pullman Pal ace Car Company, Wagner Parlor Car Companiy, Jack s on & S harp, Bradley & Company, West Shofie and Buffal( Railroad Company, Erie, Long I sland, Boston an(' Albany, and Pe nnsylvania Railioad, and hgal d i oll the lead ing railroad compani es in th e Unit ed S tat es, and ale exp or ted i n larg e q uantities to Europe. Sou th Americ s and Australia. The trade of late has deve loped to lai'g( proportions, stimulated by an active demand all ovei the world for fresh triumphs of Amiierican ingenuity and skill, and by the superiority both in finish, quality and perfection of mechanicsm of recently maiiufac tured car trimmings. These important results ar( attributable to the fact that the officers and staff of th( Union Brass Manufacturing Company are thoroughly educated to their business and have made it a clos( practical study, and exhibit that fertility of conception and grasp of what are novelties in design and utility. and will really take with first class car manufacturers and make accordingly. The following are the officers o! this reliable and representative company,viz: President. I. McGrggor Adams; Vice President, L. I. Todd; Secretary, J. A.Cooper; Superintendent, C. A.Hitchcock; Eastern Agent, J. E.Cross. The New York offices are situated at No. 115 Broadway, where every information relative to prices, etc., is cheerfully given, and patrons can implicitly rely on the unsurpassed quality and character of the Union Brass Manufacturing Company's car trimmings. Through the instrumentality of Mr. Cross, who has been connected with the company about twelve years, the New York office is now the chief distributing centre, this gentleman possessing a most extensive business acquaintance, both at home and abroad. He is a practical man to the business,his experience a, such eminently fitting him for the responsible position he so creditably occupies. Mr. Hitchcock, the Superinitendent, in connection with Mr. Cross, originate most of the designs of the specialties manufactured by their conpany, and the superior merit that is displayed by the originators and designers, have placed these product ions at the head in the market. The superiority of the brass ornaments, and articles of l tility and service, nade from this metal, as found on the cars built by the companies mentioned heretofore in this article, over those of almost all others, is so palpable to the traveling public, that no higher reference is needed, than that the productions of the Union Brass Manufacturing Company, are exclusively used on all first-class cars built by them. Having thais briefly sketched the f;acilities of this company it only remains to be added that its business is conducted upon the enduring principles A. Smith & Son, Importers and Manufacturers of Fine Artists' Brushes, Pencils, BronzePowders, Metal Leaf, &c., No. 172 Fulton Street.-The importation and manufacture of fine artists' brushes, pencils, bronze powders, gold paint, metal leaf &c., is a trade which in extent, value and importance, is not recognized by the superficial observer. From Russia, Germany, mned France they receive large shipments of these goods in brushes of all kinds, besides bronze powders, metal leaf, etc. They manufacture solely for the trade throughout the United States and are one of the most extensive importers in this line in the country. Their stock consists of camel and sable hair brushes and pencils, which come in every style for gilding, lacquer ing, japanning, lettering, besides artists' pencils and brushes. Added to these is an elegant assortment of bristle, artists', painters' and varnisilers' brushes of every description. Bear's hair, badger hair, Siberian hflair, ox hair, brushes, etc., for various uses, will be found at prices that for quality will not be found at any other house. They keep everything in this line, inclualing ornamenting pearl, gilders' knives, tube colors, for oil painting, etc., and they are the sole manufacturers ,RLf Smith's English gold paint. Their Reliance varislhies, manufactured for carriage makers' use, and ,genuine hammer-stamped fine bronze powders, of evhich the "A. S. finest coach painters, and 1-a lining .)ronzbs," have a wide'spread reputation, besides their superfine coach painters' colors will be found superior to any ever introduced in the market. Mr. Smith has I)een for a long time associated with the. trade, and understands thoroughly the requirements of the cari'iage, car, and ornamental painters, whom he successfully endeavors to cater to. Durfey & Reynolds, Watches, Diamonds, Jewelry, No. 9 John Street.-Prominent among those houses in the jewelry trade which have maintained an excellent reputation for the artistic elegance and superiority of their goods is that of Durfey & Reynolds, whose handsome office and salesroom are at No. 9 John street. The present firm has been in existence about five years, having succeeded the old estab l ished house of Durfey & Schiebler. Both membe rs of the firm h ave had long experience and are experts in the matter of fine jewelry and precious stones. They carlr a large and valuable stock of watches, diamonds and jewelry of every description. Their trade extends all over the United States, and their reputation for liberal and honorable dealing is well-known. Mr. J. P. Durfey was born in Connecticut, and has been a resident of this city for many years. He is one of the most popular and widely known men in the jewelry trade. Mr. D. I. Reynolds is a native of New York and is an energetic, wide-awake business man. H. Hesston, Florist, No. 246 West 23d StreetAmong the leading and successful floral establishments which cater to supply the best class of our citizens is that of Mr. H. Hesion. Although this establishment has been open for less than a year, it is rapidly winning its way into popular favor. Mr. HaIssion Is a practical florist, and has established an excellent repulatjtOl for the beauty and originality of the designs in florai woik exeecuted by him. He has a large patronage drawn from among our wealthiest families. Mr. Hession is a genial, energetic young business man, fair and liberal in all dealings, and highly deserving of the success which he has. met during this short fime bp bha-q ts l uIn business. 296 -~~~E OKSLADN NUTIS 9 acquaintances. Mr. Mackle is possessed of superior executive abilities, and this added to his complete knowledge of the business, and the wants of the trade, enables him to compete on the most favorable terms with other establishments. All orders are promptly filled, and it is his endeavor to merit by the strictest principles of commercial probity and fair dealing a continuance of the support his house has already enjoyed. Emil Stern, Importer of and Wholesale Dealer in Fine Wines Brandies, Gins, andWhiskies, No. 37 Beaver Street.One of the representative and most widely known direct importers and general dealers in wines and liquors is Mr. Emil Stern,of No. 37 Beaver street, and a gentleman who has since the year 1855 been actively and successfully engaged in the business. He was during the greater portion of his career, located in Lower Broadway, but the steady growth of his trade eventually necessitated his removal to more com modious premises, and consequently in June, 1884, be re moved to his present location, No. 37 Beaver, where he occupies three entire floors with additional cellar and warehouse accommnodation, required by his immense stock of wines and liquors. Mr. Stern is a recognized authority in the trade, and there is no better judge than he of imported and domestic goods in his line. He has established very superior connections in the European markets,nd imports the choicest Ports, Burgundies, Madeiras, Sherries, Clarets &c., and which include numerous rare vintages of an old date. The wines sold by him are celebrated for their high quality as well as for their purity, and he has an established trade of a first class character. He is likewise an extensive importer of the most reliable brandies, gins and cordials, at all times carrying a very full and carefully selected stock of foreign liquors. A most important department of Mr. Stern's business is domestic liquors. He is the sole pr o - prietor of the justly celebrated "Old Veteran," "Old Judge," "Keystone Club," and "DiamondCrown" brands of whiskies. The utmost care is bestowed upon their distillation and their absolute purity and fine qualities render them general favorites. Mr, Stern makes a specialty of fine old whiskies, matured to a degree that is not often found in our wholesale trade, and which have the command of the best class of Broadway and hotel trade. His whiskies are especially adapted to the druggist trade, and he numbers among his customers all the leading drug store proprietors of this city and elsewhere. Mr. Stern is a permanent and popular resident of New York, in the prime of life, full of energy and enterprise, and those of our readers who enter into commercial relations with him can rely on securing advantages not easily obtained elsewhere. W~m. ~ P. Thompson, Importers of Wines and Liquors, No. 24 Beaver Street.-One of the oldest established and most highly respected houses, closely identified with the importation of foreign wines and liquors, is that of Messrs. Wm. & P. Thompson, whose warehouse is so eligibly and centrally located, at No. 24 Beaver street. The house was founded originally some forty years ago, in the city of Dublin, Ireland, where it is still an active and an influential concern. The firmn early opened a wholesale establishment in the city of New York, which has had an honored and successful career. The firm has been directly represented hlele, since 1880, by Mr. S. L. Mackie, a gentleman, who is widely and favorably known throughout our leading commercial circles, and whose wide range of practical experience renders him an accepted authority in the wholesale liquor trade. A specialty of the firm of Wm. & P. Thompson, is Its celebrated "Prune Wine,"which hasmaintained the highest of reputations for the purposes used for purity and permanent maintenance of the highest standard of excellence. Mr. Mackie also imports a general line of the choicest wines and liquors, and his warerooms display one of the largest and finest stocks in New York, while he includes among his customers leading jobbers, dealers, hotel and wine room proprietors, and large consumers generally. The 'lead of the house of Messrs. Wm. & P. Thompson, is Kr. P. Thompson, the former senior partner, Mr. Willtam Thompson, having departed this life in November, 1883, deeply regretted by a large circle of friends and John H. c ltckner, Wines an d Liquor s, No. 72 Front Street.-In a review of th e commercial enterprises of New York it will be observed that some houses possess great advantages over others in the same line of business, the result in some cases of longer experience, and in others of a greater natural aptitude for the particular trade in which they are engaged. In the business of the importation of wines and liquors, Mr. John H. Clickner has obtained an enviable reputation for the unrivalled qualities of his wines and liquors. In 1876 Mr. Clickner established this house, which since its inception has obtained a liberal and permanent patronage from firstclass retailers. The premises occupied are spacious and convenient and are completely stocked with a well selected assortment of champagnes, ports, sherries, brandies, Rhine and Moselle wines, which are imported direct and are guaranteed to be equal in quality and excellence to those of any other first-class contemporary firm. Mr. Clickner besides makes a specialty of the celebrated "Ponemah" mineral water, which is used and recommended by the medical profession, being superior to any water, imported or native, for diluting wines &c. The characteristics which regulate the business policy of this house are such as to entitle it to universal consideration, and the extent of its operations has made this establishment a very prominent one in New York, while the inducements offered to purchasers are of the most advantageous character. All orders are promptly filled, and it is Mr. Clickner's earnest desire to merit by the strictest principles of mercantile honor, a continuance of the support he has enjoyed for the last twenty years. Mr. Clickner is a native of New York and is greatly respected by the community for his integrity, and Is in a position to confer advantages and benefits that few of his competitors can accord. The equitable manner In which this business is conducted as well as the admirable quality and purity of the wines and liquors are guarantees sufficiently obvious why dealers and consumers would do well to place their orders with this reliable house. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 297 0 Nicholas Rath & Co., Importers, 30 South Willlam Street.-The magnitude of the annual aggregate of transactions in the wholesale trade in the metropolis can be realized only by those who are constantly engaged in this interest, but the figures represent an enormous sum. The total of capital invested in this merchandise amounts to many millIon dollars. Among the representative wholesale dealers we may mention Messrs. Nicholas Rath &, Co., at No. 30 South William street, who have been established for the past sixteen years. They occupy the entire premises and cellars of No. 28, and conduct, on an extensive scale, a general business as importers and wholesale dealers in foreign liquors, Including choice old brandies, wines, gins, and cordials. Their goods ermprise some of the best standard brands, well and favorably known for their general excellence. Buyers are aware that the supplies they procure at this house can Invariably be relied upon in every particular, and the prices are as reasonable as can be found in the market. This firm sustains an eminent record for sterling integ. rity, strict commercial honor, and unquestionable reliability, and gives every indication of having a long and prosperous career. NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. cerns, dealing only in the purest and best of each grade, and in acknowledged the trade to be one of the best in the. city with which to have transactions. Their trade has been developed to proportions of the greatest magnitude, and the estimable proprietors are well worthy of the large measure of success which has attended their honorable career. Robert P. McBride, Importer of Teas and Coffees, No. 79 Water Street.-A history of New York's commerce would be incomplete without a mention of Mr. Robert P. McBride, the well-known importer of teas and coffees, and sole proprietor of the Union Pacifict Tea Company. This concern is one of the largest in the trade, having one hundred branch stores in the United States, and controlling an immense retail trade. Mr. McBride has been established for the past twelve years, and his career bears evidence of his ability and enterprise. He began in a modest way, but by industry, energy, and honorable business methods has gained the front rank of our most prosperous merchants, and is to-day the proprietor of an enterprise colossal in its proportions and far reaching in the territory it covers. Believing that a system of establishments, located in the leading cities, where pure tea and coffee would be sold at a fair margin of profit, would be successful, he at once set about putting his plans into operation. Many difficulties had to be overcome, but at length he accomplished his purpose, and in the one hundred handsome and popular stores which he now controls is represented the fruit of his enterprise. The headquarters of this great system is at No. 79 Water street. The well appqinted offices are on the first floor, the rest of the building being devoted for stock and coffee roasting purposes, and is equipped with all the most improved machinery and appliances. Besides the stores which he owns and controls Mr. McBride has been the means of starting and establishing several other gentlemen In business of a like nature in various parts of the country, who to-day, owe much of their prosperity to his solicitude for their welfare, his unselfish devotion to their interests, and to his fostering care, his unvaryIng rule in such cases being never to take advantage of the ignorance of his patrons. Mr. McBride was born In the North of Ireland (whence so many of our most enterprising and successful citizens hail) and came to this country about thirteen years ago, establishing himself in the tea business, in which he was thoroughly proficient, three months after his arrival. He is a member of the New York Tea Exchange, and the Real Estate Exchange, and is one of the most popular gentlemen In the trade. He has always taken an active Interest in every movement that had for its object the welfare and advancement of his fellow citizens, and is highly esteemed as an honorable merchant, and an upright private citizen. Jo hn Keresey & Co., Importers a n d Wh olesa le Dealers in Wines, Brandies, Gins, e tc., Fine Bourbon and Rye Whiskies, No. 85 Pearl and No. 52 Ston e Streets.-T his hou se wa s fou nd ed i n 1859 by Mr. John Keresey, and since its foundation has obtained an excellent reputation for the purity and quality of its wines and liquors.' The premises occupied are very spacious and are fully stocked with a choice assortment of Rhine and Moselle wines, champagnes, ports, sherries, brandies, gins, etc., which a re n i mpo rte d direct from the most celebrated European houses. The firm deals extensively in fine bourbon and rye whiskies, which are held in bond in the stat es where manufactured, and withdrawn as th e exigencies of the trad e demand. Buying direct from first hands and selling to a very large trade, the house is enabled to transact business on a close margin. The members of this copartnership, Messrs. John Keresey, Hugh M. Gartlan and Jas. H. Butler, are natives of New York, and are held in the highest estimation by the community as business men of rare energy and upright private citizens. Frank Glover & Son, Importers of Wines, Brandies, &c., No. 9 Peck Slip.-One of the oldest established and most prominent houses in this city, engaged in the Importation of wines, brandies &c., is that of Messrs. Frank Glover & Son. The business was founded in 1865, and has always been permanently located at the present address, the premises being owned by the firm. Mr. Frank Glover, and his son, Mr. George W. Glover, both bring vast practical experience to bear coupled with an intimnate knowledge of the wants of the best classes of trade, and they have permanently retained the esteem and confidence of the community. Their premises are thoroughly equipped with every facility requisite for the successful prosecution of an extensive business, and here at all times is to be found in stock, a comprehensive assortment of the choicest brandies, gins, wines and liqueurs of their own direct importation. Tlheir connections in the various European centres are unsurpassed, and they are agents for such celebrated brands as the "Ingin Gin" of Rotterdam Holland. In d om estic goods such as O ld Rye an d Bourbon whiskies, this house has long held the pre-eminence, representing as they do such prominent distillers, as T. J. Miggibben & Bro., of Kentucky, Henry W. Shufeldt & Co., of Chicago and Henry W. Smith & Co., of Cincinnati This house is one of those oldand reliable con John Emmans & Co., Importers and Jobbers of Teas, No. 93 Wate r Street.-Among the le a di ng and successful houses in this line is th at o f Me ssrs. Joh n Emmans & Co., No. 93 Water street. This business was founded ten years ago, and from a modest beginning has grown to its present immense proportions. The individual members o f t he firm, Mr. Jo hn -Emmans and Mr. David B. Emmans, are both ge n tle men of long exper ienc e and establishe d re putation in the commercial world. Their career bears evidence of their strict integrity and sterling personal worth. They are heavy importers of the choicest teas, and are also large jobbers. They control an extensive and influential patronage, which extends throughout the United States. Possessing, as they do, every facility and advantage, they are able to fill all orders in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. It is such firms as this that are the recognized exponents of metropolitan trade and they well merit the high degree of prominence they have attained. %98 Kirby & IT&Isted, Coffee, No. 87 Front Street.-One of the most active and influential houses In the coffee trade, is that of Messrs. Kirby & Halsted,of No. 87 Front street. The co-partners, Messrs. James H. Kirby an James M. Halsted, bring vast practical experience to, bear, and are recognized as excellent judges of coffees. Mr. Kirby has been closely lndentifled with the coffee trade of New York for the past twenty years, and has during that period developed the highest reputation. The firm as at present constituted has been actively engaged in business for the last five years, and has built up, a large and permanent trade, Importing and dealing in the finest qualities of Rio, Santos, Maracaibo - an d Java coffees. Both gentlemen are members of the New York Coffee Exchange. Messrs. Kirby & Halsted give their closest personal attention to the filling of all orders, their methods and watchful regard of the interests of their patrons rendering them deservedly re - spected. We can conscientiously commend this house to our thousands of readers, both for the superior character of its importations, as well as for the general principals of mercantile probity which are characteristic of its operations. ~~~EW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. 299~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Lockwood & Geery, Wholesale Wine and Liquor Dealers, No. 165 Front Street.-This ho use is an old. solid and r e lia ble firm, that has been prominently and honorably identified with the importing liquor interest for more than fifty years, having been founded at No. 133 Front street, under the firm name of S. Barstowv & Co., who were succeeded by H. E. Blossom, and he by Avery & Lockwood. The house is now Lockwood & Geery, and in the style and quality of their goods, their terms, and their highly honorable business methods, they amply sustain the splendid reputation which was built up by their original predecessors. They are agents for R. B. Byass' bottling of Bass Ale, London Porter and Guinnes's Dublin Stout. They are also importers of Gonzalez Byass' & Co.'s sherries, and J. and J. Colman's English mustard. They are located at No. 165 Front street, the same premises which they have occupied for so many years. The present partnership consists of Mr. Henry F. Lockwood and Mr. Isaac J. Geery, whose social and business record places them in the highest rank among the mercantile circles of the metropolis. Du Vivier & Co., Importers of Wines, Brandies, etc., Fine Whiskies, No. 49 Broad Street.-A careful review of the larger business interests of New York, develops the existence of a class of houses in every respect equipped to compete in the several lines they represent, with similar establishments of this or any other city in the world. Their extensive stocks, ample resources, and high commercial standing are matters of which our citizens have every reason to be proud. It is not our object to make comparisons, but to present a faithful picture of the mercantile enterprise of the metropolis. Among the leading importers of wines and liquors in the city, special mention must be made of the old established house of Messrs. Du Vivier & Co., No. 49 Broad street. The premises they occupy are spacious, commodious and are completely stocked with the choicest selection of brandies, whiskies, rums, gins, champagnes, clarets, sauternes, burgundies, sherries, ports, cordials, &e. They are agents for the Perrier-Joubt champagnes, Kinahan L. L. Irish whisky and Boord's cordial, old Tom gin, three of the celebrities in Great Britain. The firm likewise keep constantly in stock a rare assortment of fine rye whiskies, N. E. rum and cider brandies of the choicest and most favorite brands. and are proprietors of the celebrated "Windsor Manor" pickles and delicacies. Probably few articles that form a part of daily consumption, are so difficult to difficult to obtain of purity and quality as wines and liquors, and it is only by purchasing from responsible houses that high quality can be assured. The goods of Messrs. Du Vivier & Co., are highly esteemed throughout the city for their unexcelled character, and customers have the satisfaction of knowing that nothing inferior or adulterated will be sold to them. In consequence of their extensive foreign connections they possess ample facilities for conducting their business under the most favorable auspices, and are always prepared to offer every possible advantage to their patrons. This house was originally established in 1846 in Whitehall street, and continued there till 1881, when in consequence of the building of the New York Produce Exchange, the business was removed to its present eligible and convenient location at No. 49 Broad street. The individual members of this firm are Messrs. C. A. and E. Du Vivier, who are both natives of New York, and are greatly respected in commercial life for their ability and integrity. They have always been active sups porters of any measure conducive to the welfare and benefit of the community. They are both members of the Distillers' Wine and Spirit Exchange and New York Produce Exchange and justly merit the success they have attained by their enterprise and perseverance. W. H. HuLghes & Co., Importers of Wines, Ales and Liquors, No. 43 Beaver Street.-One of the most active and enterprising firms of importers and wholesale liquor dealers in the great metropolis, is that of Messrs. W. H. Hughes & Co., of No. 43 Beaver street. The copartners, Mr. W. H. Hughes and Mr. H. H. Perkin, bring a very wide range of practical experience to bear, and since they established the existing concern some five years ago, have developed a large and permanent trade. They are the sole representatives of several of the best known foreign houses-notably Messrs.:J. & R Tennent, proprietors of the celebrated Well Park Brewery, Glasgow, Scotland, whose East India Pale Ales and XXX Stout, have a world wide reputation. Messrs. Hughes & Co. do a most extensive business in the above, keeping a very large stock in hand, both in bulk and bottled by the brewers, and sold at prices which, apart from the superlative merits of these ales and stout as healthful and agreeable beverages, command the attention of the closest buyers. They are likewise the sole representatives of Mr. W. Hastings Hughes, the extensive wine grower at Puerto de Santa Maria, Spain. That house was founded in 1829, by the late Dr. Gorman, and has permanently maintained the highest of reputations for its lines of sherries. The Hughes brands comprise all the desirable sherry wines, renowned delicate bouquet and fine flavor. Many of these wines are of a great age, and are eagerly sought for by Americanas well as European connoisseurs. Among the list we might mention the firm's rich sherry at $1.70 per gallon, their luncheon sherry at $2.05, their standard dinner sherry, Olorosos and Amontillados of different ages, various vintages of "Vino de Pasto," and a very old, stout, rich, Solera wine. The firm are also the sole agents in the United States for F. Hasenklever's famous Burgundy wines, bottled at his vineyards at Nuits, (Cote d'Or), France. They are the favorite Burgundies in the market. - In the firm's large warehouse at No. 43 Beaver street, can always be found a complete and most extensive assortment in their important lines. Messrs. Hughes and Perkin merit the large measure of success, which has attended their well directed efforts. E:. E6 Peck &Co., Importers and Jobbers of Coffees, No.97 Front Street.-One of the most active and popularhouses engaged in the importing of coffee and whole sale transactions therein, is that of Messrs. E. H. Peck & Co. The firm as constituted up to 1st of June began in business about two years ago, the co-partners, Mr. Edwin H. Peck and Mr. Walter J. Peck, the latter having for several years been a member of the firm of William Scott & Sons, bringing a wide range of practical experience to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of this trade. On June 1st Mr. Charles P. Chapin, formerly of the brokerage firm of Williams, Chapin & Russell, became a member of this firm. He is recognized as a leading expert and no one is better posted as to the wants of the grocery and roasting trade. Mr. Chapin, who is a native of Providence, R. I., came to New York in 1871 and entered the old house of Arnold Sturges & Co., where he earned a first-class name. The Messrs. Peck are also recognized as excellent judges of coffee and authorities on values and the various grades, and they have within a comparatively brief period developed a large and permanenttrade extending all overthe United States. The firm's offices and salesroom are eligibly and centrally located in Front Street, where they have a full line of samples of the choicest Rio, Santos, Maracalbo, Java and Mocha Coffees. Messrs. E. H. Peck & Co.'s facilities are of the most superior character. They are members of the New York Coffee Exchange. The gentlemen composing this firm are influential, publicspirited citizens. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDUSTRIES. 299 I 300 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Augustus Hatfleld, Architect, Nos. 2 and 4 Stone Street.-New York, with its immense wealth and great enterprise, has long been the headquarters in the United States of our most eminent and talented architects. One of the most prominent in the metropolis is Mr. Augustus Hatfield, whose offlees and draughting rooms are conveniently located at Nos. 2 and 4 Stone street. The profession of an architect is a very difficult one, and requires an immense amount of study, and in addition a practical training, active service, and a thorough mechanical education. These essential requisites have been developed in a marked degree by Mr. Hatfield, who has been engaged in the practice of his profession since 1854. He is fully prepared with all the necessary facilities and resources, to execute or carry out any architectural undertaking. Proofs of Mr. Hratfield's skill are numerous throughout the metropolis and its vicinity as embodied in the many splendid edifices he has erected in the last thirty years, which are much admired for their stability and elegance, while the elaboration of detail, and the care bestowed on every department of his work reflects the utmost credit upon his honorable and business like methods. He is at all times prepared to give estimates, and cheerfully furnishes plans and specifications to meet the views of those intending to build, and can be implicitly relied on to spare no time or pains to fulfill the expectations of his patrons. Personally, Mr. Hatfield is greatly respected by the community for Ilis ability and integrity, and is thoroughly conversant with the wants and growth of the metropolis, and is fully competent to carry to successful completion all work pertaining to his profession. William A. Tyler, Sole Agent for Galatea Sour Mash Bourbon, and Beaverwyck Pure Old Rye Whis kies, and Importer of Wines, Brandies, Gins, and Scotch and Irish Whiskies, Nos. 110, 112 and 114 Broad Street.-Recent improvements in the process of distillation assure the production of spirituous liquors that are of the highest standard, both in quality and purity. Probably few articles that enter into daily consumption are so hard to obtain unadulter ated as wines and liquors. It is only therefore, by the exercise of care in purchasing, either by the consumer or retailer, that quality can be assured. Among the importing houses of New York none bears a higher reputation than that of Mr. William A. Tyler, Nos. 110, 112 and 114 Broad street, which was founded originally by Mr. Tillinghast Almy in 1853, and was continued by him till 1857, when the present proprietor (an em ploye of Mr. Almy during that period) succeeded to the business. The premises occupied are very spacious and comprise with the lofts of the adjoining premises two four-storied buildings with spacious basements that are fully stocked with a splendid selection of wines of every description, Brandies, Gins, and Scotch and Irish Whiskies, which are unrivalled for excel lence by those of any other house in the trade. Mr. Tyler is sole agent for the Galatea Sour Mash Bour bon and the Beaverwyck pure old Rye Whiskies, which are unequalled for flavor and purity and have no superiors in the market. He imports Hennessy, Otard, and Martell brandies direct, also the famous brand of P. Blussard, of which Mr. Tyler is the sole agent. For twenty years he has also imported the well known brands of Gin known as Knickerbocker and Crown, from Schiedam, Holland. The stock of W hiskies carried in bond is large, as man y as 2,500 bar rels being stored at a time. The system which pre vails in this establishment indicates the most care ful supervision, while the judgment displayed in the s e lection of the stock, proclaims the proprietor to be thoroughly experienced and acquainted with the wants of a critical trade. Mr. Tyler is a native of Rhode Island, and a Trustee of the Distillers' Wine a nd Spirit Exchange, and is greatly respected by the commun ity as a business man of rare energy and as an u pright private citizen. He has always ide ntified himself with any movement conducive to the welfare a nd benefit of t he m etropolis. Those interested in entering into business relations with this reliable house, will find all transactions not only pleasant for the time being, but profitable and permanent. Charle s S. Brye, Bourbon, R ye an d W heat Whiskies, in Bond or Tax Paid, No. 83 Fr ont Street.-New York is not behind any city in the civili zed world in the ex tent and m agnitud e of the wh olesale liquor business, and the e nt erprise w hich characterizes her representative firms in this branch of commerce, is not equalled in any o ther American city. One of the leadin g hous es engaged in this business is t hat of Mr. Charles S. Bryce, No. 83 Front street, which was established in 1865, by the present proprietor, and sin ce that peri od ha s ob tained an excellent reaotation for the purity an d r el iability of its Bourbon, rye and wheat whiskies. The whiskies of Mr. Bryce are highly esteemed by the trade and first-class retailers for their absolute purity, and customers have the complete satisfaction of knowing that nothing inferior or adulterated will be sold to them. He possesses ample facilities, in consequence of his extensive connections, of conducting all transactions in whiskies in bond or tax paid, under the most favorable auspices, and is always prepared to render his customers every possible advantage. Mr. Bryce is a long resident of New York, and is greatly respected in commercial circles for his ability and integrity. Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, Chain, Switzerland, London, England and No. 82 Hudson Street, New York, U. S. A.-There is no doubt but that the appreciation of our people is increasing in the use of condensed milk as an element in our dietary system. The spirit of novelty which accompanied its introduction has passed away and it is now regarded as an absolute necessity and a boon to all. The most eminent and popular firm manli facturing these goods a nd disposing of them in this market is c ertainly the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Millk Company of Cham, Switzerland, and New York. This, c o nce rn, which has been localized in th is ma rket for th e past two-and-a-ha lf years, m a nufactures in coedensed goods-milk, coffee, cocoa, chocolate and millk food for infant's use. In the manufacture of all the v,Lrieties of these goods everything is done whereby the consumers are ensured a good,and pure,and healthy al. ticle. And in the various processes pursued in the putting up of the same the greatest care and attention are bestowed to guard against the introduction of any foreign matter whereby the goods may become tainted. The factory of the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in the United States is at Middletown, N.Y., where they have fitted up, regardless of expense, all the newest and most recently improved machinery usedin the miianufacture of condensed milk, the other goods being pro. duced in Switzerland and England. They are a la~'ge and opulent concern, having an extensive branch house also in London, England. Their principal factory at Chans, Switzerland, has a world-wide reputation, as the goods produced by them find a market in every corner of the world. From the New York depot shipments are made to all parts of Mexico, South and Central America, atold this trade is becoming still more and more a valuable factor in this business. It is needless to add another word in commendation of these goods. Their praises have been told by medical men all over the world and wherever they have been introduced they have become standard goods. The Company has reason to be gratified at the remarkable results obtained. NEW YORKIS LEADING INDTISTP.IES. 300 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. tive ability and integrity, and worthily presides over the rapidly increasing business of the company. Mr. E. D. M~lls, the Vice-President, and Geo. F. Benton, the Secre tary, are well versed in the onerous duties which they per form, and are as widely known for their talents as for the honorable manner in which they attend to the company's interes ts. The fut ure prospect s o f the c ompan y are of the most promising character, and it justly merits the large measure of success attained by the unrivalled quality and excellence of its Portland cement. James Reid & Co., Importers, No. 41 Broadway. -One of the oldest established importing houses in Amer ica is that of Messrs. James Reid & Co. of No. 41 Broad way, which was founded in 1848, and has during the lengthy intervening period developed one of the most im portant trades of the kind in the metropolis. Mr. James Reid is one of New York's most favorably known merch ants; he has throughout a long and honorable career ever given a public-spirited support to all measures best calculated to advance the permanent prosperity of New York, while he has long been one of the representative importers of the choicest brands of foreign wines and liquors. His house is the sole agent in the United States for some of the most celebrated European vintners and distillers, among them being Dagonet & Fils of Chalons, whose celebrated champagnes " Dagonet Sec," and "Dagonet Bruit,"are considered by competent judges to be the best imported into this market and have an ex tended sale to our first houses, clubs, and large consum ers. Mr. Reid is also sole agent for the Distillers' Co., Limited, owners of the Phoenix Park Distillery of Dublin, which has, since it came into their hands, been greatly improved, no expense having been spared by the com pany in its aim to produce the finest whiskey made in Ire land, and with great success. Four old-fashioned, cop per-pot stills are in continual use; there is no patent still on the premises, and consequently no silent spirit is pro duced, as in some other Dublin distilleries; and Messrs. Reid & Co. only ask a comparison with other brands to convince purchasers that the whiskey made at Phoenix Park is the highest flavored and best Irish whiskey now offered to the trade. Messrs. Reid & Co. are also sole agents for the Cameron Bridge Distillery, Fifeshire, Scot land, and of which Messrs. John Haig & Co. are propri etors, and whose whiskey has now been a favorite on the American market for over twenty years past and is a strong and high-flavored liquor, much fuller bodied than any other Scotch whiskey imported. They are also agents for Barnett & Fils of Cognac, whose brandies are of such exceptional quality as to be preferred for medicinal pur poses, and have an extended sale. Among the leading vintners for which Mr. Reid's house is agent we might mention M. Bayo Y. Tosar of Pta. Santa Maria; Jose Febrer of Benicarlo; Almeida & Co. of Oporto; Pignon & Curlier of Jarnac; Theodore Drouet of Bordeaux; J. Rins Montaner of Tarragona; and A. Preis & Co. of Malaga; also for the celebrated Rotterdam house of Van Hoytema & Co.; and E. Kiderlen of Delfshaven, whose Holland Gin is the standard of excellence. The flrm's establishment has always been permanently located in lower Broadway, and it contains one of the largest and choicest stocks in the city of French and Spanish wines, brandies, whiskies, gins, rums, cordials, some brands being of a great age and absolutely unapproachable in the market; while the entire stock has been carefully selected by Mr. Reid with special regard to purity and the demands of the best classes of American trade. He is recognized as having no superior as a judge of wines and liquors, of which the large and permanent volume of trade which he has developed is the best evidence. John W. Jones, Oil Broker, No. 125 Maiden Lane. -One of the most enterprising and respected members of the wholesale trade in oils is Mr. John W. Jones of No. 125 Maiden Lane. He brings to bear vast practical ex perience, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of manufacturers. and large consumers generally, and has been permanently established in business here for the past eighteen years. As a general broker in crude, refined, and lubricating oils, Mr. Jones has established connections of the most superior character, enabling him to promptly fill the largest orders for both the home and export markets. The steady development of the trade in the various petroleum and animal oils and their products, has become a noteworthy feature of the metropolis, and the credit arising therefrom is to a large extent to be awarded to our leading active brokers. Mr. Jones now handles a trade of great magnitude, possessing superior executive abilities, and being a recognized authority on all descriptions of oils, so that the community has come to place implicit reliance in his skill and honorable methods. Mr. Jones is justly popular in commercial circles, and has ever given a conscientious support to all measures best calculated to advance the permanent wel fare and prosperity of the metropolis. He conducts his large business in the most systematic manner possible, and justly enjoys the confidence and good wishes of the leading commercial circles of New York as a sterling business man and an upright private citizen. The United States Cement Company, Office Mills Building.-The manufacture of Portland cement was first introduced into England in 1808, since which period other countries are now making it extensively. Natural rock from which Portland cement is made, so far as is known, is found in Europe-at one place in Germany, and at Boulogne in France. Only one deposit of this natural rock has been yet discovered in the United States, in the township of Whitehall, Lehigh County, Pa. The demand for Portland cement is increasing veryrapidly, and one of the most prominent companies engaged in its manufacture is the United States Cement Company, whose New York offices are located at the Mills Building. The business was oiginally established by the Lehigh Valley and Portland Cement Company in 1874, and was continued till February, 1885, under that name, when the present company succeeded to the control. The following are the directors and officers: Directors, S. B. Wellington, Geo. F. Benton, E. S. Larchar, E. D. Mills, F. M. Larchar. Officers, 1885: S. B. Wellington, President; E. D. Mills, VicePresident; Geo. F. Benton, Secretary. The works are l ocated at Whitehall, Lehigh County, Pa., and are so sit uated that cement can be shipped, either by rail or canal, to any part of the country. The Lehigh Valley road skirts the entire eastern line of the property, and the railroad has a switch at the company's mill. The selection of the property of the United States Cement Company was made after careful consideration, and repeated analysis of the rock, which at this point possesses all the qualities required for the best Portland. The company manufactures three brands of cement, viz., Cable's Portland, Standard, and Windsor, which are unsurpassed by those of any other house for quality, durability, quick setting, and tenslie strength. Every barrel of these cements is bolted, and will be found of satisfactory firmness. Finely ground cement is more economical, and will take more sand than that which is coarsely ground. All orders are promptly filled by this reliable company, and it is the constant aim of its officers and directors to merit by the strictest principles of mercantile honor, a continuance of the support it has already obtained. Mr. S. B. Wellington, the President, is highly esteemed by the community for his execu-, 301 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. Their office and salesroom are very eligibly and centrally located in onheof the best business sections of the city, where the firm has permanently remained since its f orma tio n. The copartners, Mr. George H. Daily and Mr. Frederick Paulsen, are very popular and respected throughout our leading comm erc ia l circles, be ing noted for their honorable methods and sterling integrity, justly meriting the large measure of suc cess which they have a ttained by re ason of their ene rgy a nd perseverance. John L. Ba ker, Importe r and Jo bber of Millinery Goods, No. 633 Broadway. —This city is naturally the headquarters for the trade in millinery goods, every desi ra ble nove lty making its appearance here almost as soon as it is in troduce d into the P arisian and London markets. A prominent house engaged in the business is that of Msr. John L. Baker, No. 633 Broadway, which was establishe d by the present proprietor in 1876, and has lways enjoyed a liberal and substantial patronage. The premises occupied are very commodious, and consist of a first floor and basement, 25x100 feet; well equipped and furnished with every convenience and facility for the accommodation of the extensive stock and the prosecution of the business. A full line of silk goods is carrie d by the house, including ribbons, plushes, velvets, satins, silk, English crape, and novelti es in velvety, plushes, silks, domestic and imported feathers, also ladies neckwear, in lace and delicate silken tissues. These goods are fully equal to anything of the kind that the market affords, being made of the finest material in the best possible manner, while the extent of the assortment affords an excellent opportunity of a wide exercise of individual taste. The sales of this house are principally to the jobbing trade and first-class retailers in nearly all sections of the country, being particularly heavy with the leading cities of the West. All goods are purchased direct from the principal manufacturers and producers in Europe, and the newest styles and latest novelties are obtained immediately they are ready for the trade, while with regard to prices the long established reputation of the house is well known as the cheapest emporium in the city at which to obtain these classes of articles. Mr. Baker is held in the highest estimation in social and commercial circles for his strict honor and probity. Seward & Hopwood, Insurance, No. 201 Broadway.-In this day every Wise and judicious man recognizes the necessity of insurance and so clearly and forcibly is he impressed with it that the only question that receives his attention is the selection of a suitable company for his risks. In order to insure the greatest secur-ity it is absolutely essential to employ a reliable broker, and among these special mention should be made of the old established and popular firm of Messrs. Seward & Hopwood, whose offices are centrally and eligibly located at No. 201 Broadway. They transact all kinds of fire, marine, and inland insurance,'and are not only enabled to offer very superior inducements, but to guarantee a sure and prompt adjustment of all losses that may occur. Both members of the firm have had over twenty years' experience, and their judgment as to insurance matters is such as to make them a very acceptable firm to place one's property with. All orders by mail, telegraph, or telephone are promptly filled,. and it is the earnest desire of Messrs. Seward & Hopwood to merit by the strictest principles of mercantile integrity, a continuance of the support they have already enjoyed. The members of this copartnership, Messrs. H. C. Seward and H. J. Hopwood. the former a native of New York and the latter a long resident, are highly esteemed in insurance circles for their ability, energy, and integrity, and have built up an enduring record. Wait, Creighton & Morrison, Merchandise Brokers, No. 87 and 89 Wall Street.- The commercial interests of the great metropolis present no more important or active feature than the wholesale trade in coffees, sugars, and molasses, etc., which has justly attained proportions of the greatest magnitude. Prominent among the oldest established and best known brokerage houses engaged in the above line, is that of which Messrs. Wait' Creighton & Morrison are the esteemed proprietors. This house is one of those old and reliable concerns which throughout a lengthy career has ever retained the confidence of the commercial public, coupled with the maintenance of the highest standing in its special lines of trade. The present firm of Wait, Creighton & Morrison is represented by Mr. Clarence Creighton and Mr. Co r nelius Morrison, the two surviving partners, Mr. George Wait, the former senior member, having died some time ago, deeply regretted by a large circle of friends and business acquaintances. The house as above constituted has been in existence for a period of eleven years, but the business is one of the oldest established of its kind in the metropolis, dating to 1843, when it was founded by Hallett, Dow & Co. They were succeeded several years later by Hallett, Dow & Youngs; still later by Youngs & Amann; that firm again by Messrs. C. Amann & Co.; and upon their dissolution eleven years ago, the existing copartnership was formed, and has developed during its existence the finest trade of its kind in the city. As merchandise brokers, they deal most extensively in all growths of coffee imported, including Rio, Santos, Mocha, Java, Ceylon, Maracaibo, Jamaica, and St. Domingo, etc. Their connections and facilities in the coffee market are unsurpassed, and they promptly fill the largest orders at closest current quotations. In sugars, molasses, and syrups the firm has long transacted a very large and important trade, including the leading refineries among their permanent customers. Both members of the firm are recognized in commercial.circles as being experienced judges of all goods handled in their line of business, so that in view of their unsurpassed facilities, they have long held a representative position in the business world. They are active and popular members of the New York Coffee Exchange, and have ever given a conscientious support to all measures best calculated to advance the permanent welfare and prosperity of that useful organization. They are likewise members of the Importers and Grocers Exchange, and of the Maritime Exchange, which has done more for the shipping interests of this port than any other institution, and which includes upon its membership-roll the names of leading merchants and brokers in every branch of commerce. Messrs. Creighton & Morrison are too widely known and too highly respected to require any extended comment here, and the equitable manner in which their business is conducted, as well as their extended facilities are guarantees sufficiently obvious and manifest why refiners, dealers, and large buyers should place their orders with such an active, enterprising,f and r esponsible house. T D aily & Pauls en, Comm ission M erc hants, No. 19 Old Slip.-Arnyong th e active and enterprising firms of comm ission g w herchants in this city rs that of Messrs. Daily e P auls e n, of No. 19 Old Slip, who have nobd been engaged in business since 1881, and have during the intervening period developed a large and permanent trade, including among their customers many leading foreign and domestic mercantile houses. They offer every facility for the prompt distposal of merchandise of every description, rendering account sales immediately on disposal of goods, while their superior connections enable them to obtain the best market rates. 302 NEW YORK'S LEADING INDUSTRIES. obtaining greater advantages and increased security at more reasonable charges than can be secured elsewhere. Durlandls Boarding Stables, Cor. Sixtieth Street and Broadway.-Pr ominent a mon g the well equipped boarding stables of the metropolis are those owned by Mr. William Durland, Jr., and which are located at Broadway and Sixtieth Street. The building occupied is of hadoepootosandsoe proportions and substantially constructed. The interior arrangement is perfect, and affords unsur passed facilities for the stabling of 125 horses, in large, airy, well ventilated and drained, and well arranged stalls. A specialty is made of caring for road and saddle horses, which are carefully attended to b y experienced grooms. IMr. Durland is an expert in everything appertaining to horses, having had over twenty years' practical experi ence. He conducted a general livery and boarding stable business at Jamaica, L. I., for eighteen years, and has been at his present eligible loca tion, in clos e proximity to Central Park, the Eden of New York, for about three ..... years. He is well known and very popular among our leading horse fan ciers and owners, | | 10 | l| | - 1 ecoulntry Mrimaur and that his new enterprise is appre ciated by them, is evinced by the large number of excellent animrials, for saddle or ve ~~~~~a hcle, owned by the best families in this section of the city of Brook constantly underch 17,1848, wihpoptd"n tlws and is an c embe and e-chef engineer of the volun nec ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Iities foeer bofire department of the village of Jaaica, L. e is horses is unequal a office is theaI.OOled,s and hisof Jamaicables Lodgeme tabl justly A riank Legiamon of Honor; Ykstmu N oliMs T on Sd the Bankers and Merchants' Alliance, and of the Royal cou n try r. H r sur - Aand was born in the ci ty of Brook lyn, )ilarch 17,1848, and is an ex-member anad ex-chief engineer of the volun teer fire department of the village of Jamaica, L.I1. H-e is a member of the I. O. Odd-Fellows, and of Jamaica Lodge 546, F. and A. M.; the American Legion of Htonor; the Bankers' and Merchants' Alliance, and of the Royal Arcanum. H-e is an energetic business main, prompt and reliable in all transactions, and is highly esteemed. Tallon &z Stadtfeld, Furniture Movers, and Pro;prietors of the "Only Reliable" Trunk and Baggage Express in Yorkville; Office, Nos. 205 and 207 East Eightysixth Street, next to Parepa Hall.-Prominent among the most active and enterprising and also one of the most reliable concerns engaged in the express business is the popular and respected firm of Messrs. Tallon & Stadtfeld, with headquarters at Nos. 205 and 207 East Eightysixth Street. The copartnership was formed in 1879 to operate a trunk and baggage express, and moving vans of the most modern build and largest capacity, with ample and careful storage-room for all classes of furniture and merchandise. From the start they rapidly developed a large and permanent trade, their express