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HON. BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP.




bhe f)lemoirs
of
Ibon. lJernice jpauabi 1i3obop
Mfari Ibl.Rrout




COPYRIGHT, 1908
BY
CHARLES R. BISHOP
~be knickerbocker Press, 1evw Nork




S   s: ' -;vF v ~i e.i.aQ yt.S  t
Y<' i '.a., t.w.I i  "  *,i.t-~, [.
PREFACE.
N preparing the memoirs of the Hon. Bernice Pauahi Bishop there have been many
difficulties to contend with. The most irreparable have been the loss of invaluable correspondence and the death of friends who
were intimately associated with Mrs. Bishop
in childhood, girlhood, and in her later years.
A short time previous to the destruction
of San Francisco a great number of her letters
had been collected and carefully filed by her
cousin, Mrs. W. F. Allen of Honolulu. These
were sent to Mr. Bishop, in San Francisco,
and were consumed in the burning of the
hotel where he resided.
Mrs. Bishop had the pen of a ready writer,
as the letters which were fortunately preserved and are included in this volume
plainly show. She possessed keen powers of
perception and was peculiarly happy in narrating her observations of people and events
-all the incidents of the varied and picturesque life that went on about her.
She was also exceedingly frank and open,
iii




iv
and her letters reflected her all-abounding
sympathy and affection,-strong essentials
of her character-in an unusual degree. The
one aim, constantly in view, throughout
these memoirs, has been to let that character
speak for itself. To this end, letters, or
extracts from letters, have been utilized that
might seem, otherwise, unimportant.
The record, in its entirety, is that of a
strong and noble personality; the unflagging
and faithful devotion of an alii to her friends,
her family, to her people, and the land she
so loved,-Hawaii nei.
M. H. K.
HONOLULU, H. T.,
January 7, 1908.




CONTENTS
CH      APTERPAG                 GE
I.-BIRTH AND ANCESTRY...   I
IL.-KONIA AND PAKI....  6
IIJ.-KINAU, THE FOSTER MOTHER.. 14
IV.-THE ROYAL SCHOOL....24
V.-MRS. COOKE.....32
VI.-OTHER REMINISCENCES... 43
VII.-MRS. COOKE's DIARY AND LETTERS. 51
VIII.-HoME LIFE AND HOLIDAYS.. 59
IX.-FURTHER ACCOUNTS OF THE SCHOOL. 68
X.-A TRIP TO THE VOLCANO...77
XI.-FINAL SCHOOL-DAYS.. 84
XII.-THE MARRIAGE OF BERNICE..94
XIII.-SUBSEQUENT EVENTS..     101
XIV.-HomE LIFE....III
XV.-OTHER REMINISCENCES..    12I
XVI.-CORRESPONDENCE.... 130
XVII.-CORRESPONDENCE: ARRIVAL IN ENGLAND.                    139
XVIII.-CORRIESPONDENCE: V I S I T S W I T H
FRIENDS.... 155
V




VI
CHAPTER                               PAGE
XIX.-CORRESPONDENCE: THE RETURN TO
EUROPE...    
XX.-CORRESPONDENCE:. PRESENTATION TO
POPE PIUS IX                 I 75
XXI.-CORRESPONDENCE: PRESENTATION TO
QUEEN VICTORIA.              I83 
XXII.-MISCELLANEous LETTERS..      197
XXIII.-FINAL EVENTS..      204
XXIV.-LAST LETTERS... 2I3
XXV.-ILLNESS AND DEATH.. 218
XXVI.-CONCLUSION..... 228
XXVILI-THE KAMEHAMEHA S C H00LS, AND
BERNICE PAUAHi BISHOP MUSEUM  238
INDEX....      2511




ILLUSTRATIONS


HON. BERNICE PAUAHli BISHOP. Frontispiece
FACING
PAGE
ABNER PAKI.......  6
L. KONIA....... II
MRS. JULIETTE M. COOKE....28
KAWAIAHAO CHURCH IN 1908.65. 
MRS. BISHOP ABOUT 1854...101
HALEAKALA                         I 04
HON. C. R. BISHOP.....  III
GARDEN AT HALEAKALA.....ii6
MRS. BISHOP NENUA, 1875...i66
KEOUA HALE.....  197
VILLA AT WAIKIKI.....204
THE BUNGALOW WAIKIKI...     215
ROYAL MAUSOLEUM...218
DRAWING-ROOM AT KEOUA HALE...222
MEMORIAL CHAPEL....228
THE BERNICE PAUAHi BISHOP MUSEUM..233
KAMEHAMEHA SCHOOL FOR GIRLS...242
HON. CHARLES R. BISHOP, 1906...244


vii




I




MEMOIRS OF BERNICE
PAUAHI BISHOP
CHAPTER I
BIRTH AND ANCESTRY.
IT occasionally happens that a character,
retiring and in no way self-assertive,
makes a salutary and enduring impression
upon the history of a nation.
Such characters are as rare as their influence is beneficent. They are content to
mould the public mind passively, through
force of example, in the quiet and undemonstrative ways that are possible in the seclusion
of private life. They have no selfish ambitions to gratify; no desire to wield active
authority, or to exercise official prerogatives. But, brought into prominence by
the accident of birth, or by extraordinary
moral and intellectual endowments, they
stand in the place " to which God has called




2


them " as shining examples, steadfast through
all the changes which time ordains. It is, in
reality, the vital force of conviction rooted in
conscience; of an adherence to principles
which no material considerations can affect.
The history of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, her
life, the influence which she exerted upon her
native land and upon the race which she so
loved, is an illustration of this truth. It was,
in epitome, the history of her times in their
more peaceful aspect, apart from the political
disturbances from which Hawaii was no more
immune than other older and greater nations,
among whom, even yet, the science of government is imperfectly understood. She will be
assigned an honorable place amongst the
great women of her race whose moral and
intellectual qualities expanded under the just
and humane teachings of Christianity,-Kaahumanu, Kapiolani, and Kinau.
Bernice Pauahi, however, will stand as the
full development of the best type, rejecting
proffered authority, preferring the happiness
of unostentatious private life.
Her mother, Konia, was a chiefess of the
highest rank. She was a direct descendant of
Kamehameha I. and of the ancient Kings of
Hawaii. She had been accustomed from in



3


fancy to the submission which the common
people yielded their superiors, and which
often developed in them great haughtiness
and arrogance. With this there was, frequently, a responsibility for the maintenance
and well-being of their retainers, a trait which
was strongly marked in the daughter of
Konia. Such chiefs exercised over their
dependents not so much the power of rulers
as the natural authority of parents, providing
for their wants, excusing their faults, and
treating their shortcomings with parental
leniency. Konia placed that high estimate,
common amongst all classes of Hawaiians to
this day, upon her descent from the great
Kamehameha, born conqueror and ruler.
The following genealogy, giving the ancestry of Konia, and her daughter Bernice
Pauahi, is said to be correct, being substantiated by Fornander, an accepted authority
on Hawaiian genealogy.1
"Kamehameha I. had to wife in his youth
Kaneikapolei (w). There was born to them
Kaoleioku, called also Pauli Kaoleioku. This
chieftain had to wife Kahailiopua, called
more commonly Luahine, and they had a
I "Polynesian Races," by Alexander Fornander, vol.
i., p. 335.




4


daughter, Konia, who was married to Abner
Paki. Kaoleioku, by a previous wife, Keoua
(w), had a daughter, Pauahi, who was,
by M. Kekuanaoa, the mother of Ruth
Keelikolani."
The superior rank of Keopuolani, who was
the mother of Kamehameha II. and Kamehameha III., gave her children precedence
over the child of Kaneikapolei.
Kaoleioku, the ancestor of Bernice Pauahi,
was publicly acknowledged by Kamehameha
I. when threatened with death after the assassination of Keoua, the son of Kalaniopuu,
contending with Kamehameha for the vindication of his rights. In a paper read before
the Hawaiian Historical Society in I903 by
Dr. N. B. Emerson, an authority on Hawaiian history and folk-lore, this account of
the incident is given:
"He [Keoua] does not fall alone; he has
many to keep him company (he nui na moe
pu). Ke-e-au-moku continues the slaughter
under the very eyes of Kamehameha and
within reach of the sound of his voice, until
-with but one exception-every one of
Keoua's immediate escort, from the highest
chief to the lowest, has poured out his blood.
" The second and large division of Keoua's




5
escort, at some remove from the first, was
under the command of Ka-olei-o-ku, Kamehameha's natural son... The slaughter
would have gone on and included these; but
at this point Kamehameha interposes his
veto.
"' You have killed my hanai-foster child,
(or foster parent), and I will kill yours', said
Kelii-mai-kai.
"' He shall not die; he is the child of my
youth,' answered Kamehameha. The command of the King goes forth; the hand of the
slayer is stayed and the rapacious war-god,
Ku-kaili-moku, has to be content with the
victims already provided for his altar."




CHAPTER II


KONIA AND PAKI.
KONIA married Abner Paki, a chief of
high rank also descended from the
Kamehameha and Kiwalo families of Maui
and Hawaii. His father was Kalanihelemaiiluna and his mother was Kahooheiheipahu.
He was born on the island of Molokai about
i8o8. He was an intimate friend of Kamehameha III. and held various posts of
importance.
In a directory containing sketches of
Hawaiian history of much interest, by C. C.
Bennett, this information is given in the
announcement of Paki's death, which occurred June 13, 1855:
"He held during his life some high offices
of trust and honor; being at different times
one of the judges of the Supreme Court,
Acting Governor (of Oahu), Privy Councillor,
Member of the House of Nobles, and Chamberlain to the King. The most prominent
feature of his character was firmness; when
6




ABNER PAKI.




I




7


he took a stand he was immovable. On the
death of Kamehameha III. he prophesied
that he would survive his royal master but
a few months, though he was in his usual
health at the time."
Konia survived her husband for two years,
dying July 2, 1857, at the residence in
Honolulu, in King Street, " Haleakala."
Konia and Paki lived at Lahaina when
that was the capital, and the King and the
Premier, Auhea, had their residence there.
Some interesting reminiscences of Konia and
Paki at Lahaina have been gleaned from the
diaries of Mr. Gorham D. Gilman, now
a resident of Boston, who in his youth
engaged in mercantile pursuits in Honolulu,
and made tours through the various islands,
either on business, or for his own pleasure
and enlightenment.
Of his kind friends he writes as follows,
at that time setting out on a tour around the
island of Maui.
"Sabbath, June 26 (I845).
LAHAINA.
"In the evening called on my old friends,
Paki and Konia. As I expected, they invited
me to occupy a room in their fine new house,
which I was happy to do."




8


At this time he also writes:
"Called on Paki and Konia, the parents
of Bernice and the foster-parents of Lydia,1
and the first of the nobility that I became
acquainted with. They have always been
very kind to me, she (Konia) calling me
her 'keiki' (child). The Premier has also
done so. Konia conferred quite a favor on
me by lending me a nice travelling calabash,
not wishing to take my trunk, being too
heavy."
At this time Lahaina was the capital and
the favorite residence of King Kamehameha
III. It was an important port, being thronged
during the season by vessels engaged in the
whaling trade, the families of the officers
often accompanying them and spending the
winter in this pleasant place. The King
finally realized that it was necessary to
transfer the seat of government to Honolulu
and did so, Paki and Konia accompanying
him. The change was made by the King
very reluctantly, for, as Mr. Gilman observed, he much preferred the retirement
and leisure which he could command at
Lahaina. Upon this point Mr. Gilman writes:


1 The ex-Queen Liliuokalani.




9


"Monday, 27-January (I845).
"The day passed pleasantly and as the
vessel is detained by his Majesty [Kamehameha III.] to transfer his people and effects
to Honolulu, I yet occupy my room. The
kindness I received from these persons of
rank is but a continuation of favor they have
shown me since my arrival in these islands.
Their house is a frame one, thatched very
neatly and very prettily furnished inside.
My room is within six feet of the sea as it
breaks against the embankment, and the
lulling music of the surf soothes to sleep. I
am provided with such bed-room articles as
are necessary for my toilet. I was sitting
with Konia this evening and conversing;
hour after hour passed. One after another
of the attendants dropped off; those that
remained sank to sleep, yet we talked on till
the hour of midnight warned us to seek repose.
I shall not soon forget the subject of the
conversation. "
In his unpublished sketches of the "Chiefs
of Honolulu," at the court of Kamehameha
III., Mr. Gilman has thus written of Paki in
detail:
"A. Paki is one of the conspicuous personages in the [audience] room, being upwards of six feet-six feet four inches-in
height, and weighing about three hundred




IO


pounds. Although of this colossal size, he
is of equal and fine proportions-no one
feature being more prominent than another.
He generally stands to receive the visitors
and exerts himself to be attractive and affable. He is of high rank by birth, as well
as stature, and, it is said, at one time had
more land and tenants than his Majesty
himself, which, for some political eruption,
were taken from him and the others concerned. And for the same reason, he had
never received any appointment of influence
other than he holds as one of the superior
judges. Be this as it may, he seems to be
now in full favor and truly loyal, and is
receiving again some of the lands formerly
held. He is one of his Majesty's aides and
always accompanies him on visits to different
parts of his Kingdom. As Chamberlain, he
presides over the internal economy of the
palace, the expenditure of funds, etc., and one
sight of the whole premises shows that every
attention has been bestowed [on them.] He
speaks English but little, tho' he often attempts it. He is a member in regular standing of the Mis. Ch. [Kawaiahao] as also is his
wife, a chiefess of direct descent from the
Kings of Hawaii, and noted for her kind
heartedness and hospitality. Tho' not figuring conspicuously at Court in Honolulu, she
is known and regarded as one of those who
are patterns. Miss Bernice is their daughter,
in whom they feel a justifiable pride."




L. KONIA.








II


To this may be added a reminiscence of
Mrs. Rice, one of the pioneer teachers still
living at Lihue on Kauai.
She also recalled Paki as a man of towering
height and proportionate strength of which
she once witnessed a remarkable exhibition.
He had driven down to the beach upon the
sailing of a vessel and the horses attached to
his  carriage-spirited  creatures-became
frightened and attempted to run away.
Paki did not try to check them with the
reins, but threw himself across the plunging
animals and held them by main force, as he
might have held a pair of unruly dogs, and
so succeeded in quieting them.
In a more recent account of the parents of
Mrs. Bishop, Mr. Gilman says of Konia:
''She was one of nature's true noblewomen,
such as were to be found in that then unenlightened country. She possessed the elements of a strong character and was a
recognized force, not only in the administration of her own affairs, but when the King,
Kamehameha III., formed his first body of
high chiefs into a council of the government,
she, with a few others of like birth, were
selected as his advisers. She was naturally
of gentle manners, and physically was rather
short of stature, though inclined to stoutness.




12


The daughter, Bernice, inherited her mother's
grace of manner, and those qualities whereby
all recognized her inheritance of birth and
blood. Paki was a fitting companion for
Konia."
Mr. Gilman also relates the following
anecdote:
"An instance which very forcibly illustrates Konia's character is recalled. A
young man had attempted to make a genealogical record of the reigning King and the
high chiefs, and had pursued his object for
some time. He had secured his information
from various persons who had a knowledge of
the descendants of the old kings. When
Konia learned what was being done, she
summoned the young man to come to her.
On entering her presence he saw at a glance
that she was displeased. There was no
kindly welcome, but this abrupt challenge:
"' Have you been making a paper about the
King and chiefs?' (It was the first of its
kind.) 'Where is it?'
"' It is on board a ship of war in the harbor
and will be taken to England,' was the reply.
" 'Who told you these things,' she asked,
'what right had you to be so presumptuous?'
" She continued to question the offender in
this strain for some time and in a manner
that he never forgot.
"After such explanations as were possible




13
without betraying confidence, her anger
cooled. She became the sweet forgiving
woman that she was, habitually, and the
interview ended on her part with a motherly
injunction not to attempt again such tampering with royal names and pedigrees. The
trouble arose from the introduction (by one
of the family) giving as an ancestor a royal
person not generally recognized as a legitimate ancestor, though the descendants were
very ambitious to have it so acknowledged.
"The huhu [anger] over, Konia's kindly
heart was ever open, and her softest mat and
all the privileges of her hospitality continued.
Her memory is treasured as one who has
passed on to the better land."




CHAPTER III


KINAU, THE FOSTER MOTHER.
THE Kuhina nui, Regent during the
minority of the King, and Premier
after his accession, has been aptly called by
Doctor W. D. Alexander, the historian, the
"Vice King." The office was a peculiar
recognition amongst the Hawaiians of the
ability of women to take part in the councils
of state, and to exercise actual authority,
which the kings frequently seemed willing to
delegate to them. When their subjection
to the arbitrary laws of the tabus is considered, the office, with its great influence
and its important prerogatives, seems inconsistent with their position in general.
Kaahumanu was so highly esteemed by Kamehameha that no one was ever permitted
to enter her presence, but himself, with uncovered head. She was chosen by him to
rule jointly with Lihoho, as Premier. She
retained her authority throughout her life,
and was the firm and faithful friend of the
14




15


missionaries. To her influence may be credited the abolition of the tabus, and the ready
acceptance of Christianity by the people.
She died at her home in Manoa Valley, June
5, 1832. The site of the house can still be
traced amongst the thickets of lantana, by
which it has been almost obliterated.
Mrs. Judd has thus described her death:
"A bed of sweet scented maile and leaves
of ginger was prepared over which was spread
a covering of velvet and on this she laid herself down to die." 1
Her conversion to Christianity effected a
remarkable change in her character; from a
haughty, arrogant woman she became gentle
and sympathetic. At the time of her death
she was fifty-eight years of age. Jarves says
of her:
"She was a firm and conscientious Christian to the last, beloved by those who intimately knew her and universally respected
for her abilities." She met death with fearlessness and composure, saying: "The way
that I am going the house is prepared-send
the thoughts thither rejoicing."2 Her body
1 Honolulu: Sketches of Life in the Hawaiian Islands,
by Laura Fish Judd, p. 47.
2History of the Hawaiian Islands, by James Jackson
Jarves, chap. x., p. 296.




i6


was placed in the royal tomb at Honolulu.
Kinau succeeded Kaahumanu as Premier,
with the title of Kaahumanu II. Her character also had been transformed by her conversion to Christianity, being mild and just
where she had been tyrannical and passionate.
She did her utmost to restrain the King in his
tendency to extravagance, and endeavored
to shield him from the temptations which
beset him through bad associates.
A faction representing the worst element
in the islands endeavored to persuade him
to depose Kinau and proclaim Liliha Premier
in her stead. The King, however, although
apparently alienated and in sympathy with
the reactionary spirit that threatened to
carry everything before it, was not insensible
to the steadfast virtues of Kinau. It was a
marked trait in the character of the Kamehamehas-this ability to recognize true worth,
to estimate it at its value, and to trust implicitly those whose acts were their best
vindication.
The scene which ensued, when the partisans of Liliha supposed that they were
about to triumph, has been thus described:
"The chiefs were present; the revocation was
upon his the [King's] lips, when he unex



17


pectedly turned to Kinau and solemnly
confirmed her in office. The effect was electric; all perceived the days of misrule were
numbered. When expostulated with for not
carrying out his intention, he gave the significant reply: 'Very strong is the Kingdom
of God.'" 1
Kinau was married to Kekuanaoa, a chief
of good birth, a man of excellent character
and great natural ability. He was Governor
of Oahu, and a judge. He was placed in
charge of the public records and the diplomatic correspondence. This brought him
into close relations with foreign consuls and
the commanders of men-of-war, who frequently even then called at the port of
Honolulu.
Kinau had four children, the Princes, Moses
Kekuaiwa, Lot Kamehameha, the Princess
Victoria Kamamalu, and Prince Alexander
Liholiho. Prince Moses and the Princess
Victoria died early in life, while Princes Lot
and Alexander Liholiho came to the throne
under the titles of Kamehameha IV. and V.,
respectively.
Kinau, like her predecessor Kaahumanu,
t History of the Hawaiian Islands, by James Jackson
Jarves, chap. x., p. 140.
2




was an adherent of the church and the firm
friend of progress. She was one of the foremost patrons of the Royal School, which was
established with the royal sanction, and
warmly supported by the high chiefs.
In the midst of much social and political
retrogression, Kinau stood as a great moral
force in the midst of her people. As the
King became more and more indifferent to
his duties, she too, became disheartened and
at length came to Mrs. Judd and said: "I
am in sore straits and heavy hearted, and I
have come to tell you my thought. I am
quite discouraged and cannot bear this burden
any longer. I wish to throw away my rank
and title and responsibility, together, bring
my family here, and live with you; or, we will
take our families and go away together."
Mrs. Judd referred her to the story of Esther,
and pointed out to her the necessity of maintaining her rank and responsibility as the
only hope of her people.1
Fortunately for the country, she accepted
this advice and remained at her post. Like
the great queens of England, both she and
Kaahumanu displayed much wisdom in their
1 Honolulu: Sketches of Life in the Hawaiian Islands,
by Laura Fish Judd, p. 52.




I9


choice of advisers, whose opinions both
respected.
Kinau built a comfortable stone house
adjoining the palace, which was well kept,
and a servant was trained to make bread,
cake, and custards under Mrs. Judd's tuition.
The overworked instructor in domestic
science wrote at this juncture:
"This gives me a good deal of trouble, as
only part of the materials were furnished,
and I was expected to supply all deficiencies."
At the birth of Bernice Pauahi, her desire
to adopt the child could not be denied,
sanctioned as it was by custom, and her wish,
as Premier, being law.
Mrs. Judd met Kinau at the bedside of
Konia and wrote: "We make the toilette of
the pretty little lady. She is to bear the
name of Bernice Pauahi, and will be taken
from her mother in a few days."
The name "Pauahi," which was always
preferred by her own people, was first given
one of the wives of Kamehameha II. It
originated in an incident which occurred in
her childhood. By an accidental explosion
of gunpowder she narrowly escaped being
burned to death. Five men were killed in
the catastrophe, her mother's house was




20


destroyed, and she was badly injured. In
commemoration of her escape she was given
the name, which is "compounded of two
Hawaiian words,-pau, "finished," or "completed" and ahi, "fire," which, liberally
translated, means, "the fire is out." In the
ceremonies which took place at the accession
of Liholiho, - Kamehameha II., - Pauahi
commemorated this event by descending
from the couch in which she had been borne
in the procession, and setting it on fire with all
the elaborate decorations, her attendants imitating her example and casting quantities
of clothing, tapa, and costly foreign cloth into
the flames.
Mr. Gorham D. Gilman gives a further
account of the adoption of Bernice:
"She was claimed by Kinau," he states,
"the daughter of Kamehameha I., for her
adopted child and taken to her own home
where she was to all intents and purposes her
own daughter. Each parent exercised a like
choice, which was not participated in by both.
Kinau had, at the time, three children of her
own, who were chosen by noble chiefs as
their sons; Moses, who was adopted by the
Governor of Kauai; Lot by the Governor of
Maui; and Alexander by the King, Kamehameha III., the youngest of the three, who




21


became by his adoption, and in due time,
Kamehameha IV., though his elder brother
was living and did not succeed to the throne
until after the death of the younger."
Another incident is recalled by Mr. Gilman.
A young tamarind tree was planted on the
day of Bernice's birth which grew to noble
proportions, but was finally cut down to
make way for modern buildings. Mr. Gilman writes:
"Bernice lived with Kinau until she was
eight years old, when she was sent to the
Royal School. Paki and Konia," he continues,
''were very desirous of retaining her as their
own. After the death of Kinau, Governor
Kekuanaoa yielded reluctantly to this wish,
for he and the other chiefs had become very
proud of the promising child. At the urgent
request of Konia and Paki, regular, official,
and legal papers were made out, and, much to
their satisfaction, the child was restored to
them." Mr. Gilman remarks: "I doubt if
she ever made any lengthened stay with her
parents; probably nothing more than a call,
and then with her old kahu [attendant]
returning at once to the school."
At the birth of the much desired daughter,
Victoria, who was born November i, 1838,
Bernice Pauahi was returned to her parents.




22


She was then eight years of age, and was one
of the first pupils to enter the Family School
for Young Chiefs, or the Royal School as it
was more commonly known. It is not believed by those who knew Paki well, that
he ever meant to surrender Bernice permanently to her foster mother. Prior to
that time there had been no valid law regulating the adoption of children, a practice
common among the Hawaiians. They were
taken at birth by their foster parents and
returned at will to their own parents, or to
others who expressed a wish to receive them
into their families. About the time of the
return of Bernice, however, a law was enacted
regulating adoption and making the bond
between foster parents and child a lasting one.
It is thought that this may have influenced
Paki, who was always proud and fond of
Bernice, and that he was instrumental in
bringing about her restoration to her own
mother, Konia.
Kinau died in April, 1839, in the stone house
adjoining the palace which has been mentioned. It was not occupied for several
years after her death. She lay in state for
three weeks in the drawing-room. The house
was declared by the children of the Royal




23
School to be haunted. The family of Dr. Judd
moved into the house in I843. It was taken
furnished, just as it was left. The ceilings
were lofty, the windows were very large, and
the walls were papered, a decoration greatly
admired in those primitive days.




CHAPTER IV


THE ROYAL SCHOOL.
IN all the annals of education there has
never been a more stirring record than
the story of the establishment of the first
schools in the Hawaiian Islands. Upon the
arrival of the pioneer missionaries, in the
Thaddeus, off the coast of Kohala, March 31,
I820, it was learned that "the tabus were
abolished, the idols burned, and the temples
destroyed." 1
The old religion was a tissue of falsehoods
devised by the priests for their own enrichment and to perpetuate their power. The
common people and the women, of all classes,
upon whom the tabus fell most heavily, with
few exceptions, gladly received the mild and
humane teachings of Christianity.
The first company of teachers, secular and
religious, consisted of two clergymen, their
wives, and three Hawaiian youths who had
1 A Brief History of the Hawaiian People, by W. D.
Alexander, chap. xxiii., p. 174.
24




25


gone to the United States on whaling ships,
were educated at Cornwall, Ct., and returned
as interpreters and assistants.
The King, Liholiho,-Kamehameha II.,came on board the Thaddeus, and was
hospitably entertained by the Americans.
Through the influence of John Young, who
had enjoyed the confidence of Kamehameha
I., the missionaries were given permission to
remain one year in the country. Two were
to reside in Kailua and the others in Honolulu. So salutary was the influence which
the missionaries exerted from the first, that
not only were they permitted to remain
permanently but a warm welcome was extended to those who came after them. Being
of sound New England stock, the work of
the schoolmaster was rated second only to
that of the minister. They were pledged
not only to benefit the people spiritually but
to enlighten their minds as well. With the
establishment of churches, schools were
opened, and by command of the King and the
high chiefs, young and old, high and low,
were forced to receive instruction. At the
blowing of a conch shell the people poured
out of their houses and hastened to that set
apart as a schoolhouse.




26


Dr. Alexander has thus described this
wonderful wave of progress which swept over
the land:
"Before the end of I824, two thousand
people had learned to read, and a peculiar
system of schools was spreading rapidly over
the islands. Each chief sent the most proficient scholars in his retinue to his different
lands to act as teachers, with orders to his
tenants to attend school. The eagerness of
the people to acquire the new and wonderful
arts of reading and writing was intense, and
at length almost the whole population went
to school."
Compare this spirit with that which has
prevailed in civilized countries where the
instruction of their laborers has been as
much a matter of indifference to the landowners as to the people themselves! It accounts for the rapid strides which the country
made toward a constitutional form of government and the enactment of wise and just laws.
In addition to the general schools, the
American missionaries were induced to receive the children into their households,
where they were instructed, not only from
books, but in the domestic arts; the boys in
the use of tools and in agriculture, and the




27


girls in needlework, cooking, and other
branches of housekeeping,-knowledge which
they readily acquired. As the work progressed certain reactionary influences began
to make themselves felt. Some counter
influence was necessary.
"As that class of chiefs whom we found
on the stage in 1820 were leaving it, one after
the other," writes Rev. Hiram  Bingham,
"and younger ones were taking their places,
it was deemed highly important to win and
educate their juvenile heirs, who were expected, eventually, to be the acting chiefs
of the country. It had been difficult to
detach them from their numerous attendants
and difficult otherwise to teach them in our
families, and equally difficult to train them
properly in any of the schools for the common
people. The object was, however, made to
appear so important, that the mission and
both the parents and the children came at
length to concur in the design of a boarding
school exclusively for this interesting class.
Such an institution was therefore established
in Honolulu in I839. A house was erected
in the form of a hollow square, suited to accommodate a mission family and some twenty
boarding and lodging pupils with schoolroom, parlor, dining-room, bed-rooms, etc.
The charge of it was committed to Mr. and
Mrs. Cooke. The expenses of the institution,




28


including the buildings, the scholars, and
the teachers (after the first year or two), are
sustained by the parents or the government,
the King [Kamehameha III.] being the special patron of the school.
"John II (afterwards chaplain to the
court) and his estimable wife, Sarai, are
attached to the institution, and exercise an
important and useful guardianship over these
royal and noble pupils. The parents of the
pupils are highly satisfied with the management and success of the school. The pupils
have signed the temperance pledge, which
they observe with constancy. They take
exercise with the teachers on horseback and
otherwise. The boys ride well. All sing,
and usually join in the morning and evening
song of praise. They are among the most
constant attendants at church on the Sabbath. They have school exercises five and
a half days in the week, and spend much of
their evenings in reading and writing journals. The boys sometimes read while the
girls sew. They are taught in both English
and Hawaiian. Misses Jane [Loeau] and
Bernice play prettily on the piano-forte.
The school presents a happy, promising group
of fourteen children and youth of rank, who
in their attainments and manners are engaging and respectable. The Commander of
the Exploring Expedition [Lieut. Charles
Wilkes, U. S. N. ] says:
"' I have seldom seen better behaved chil







MRS. JULIETTE M. COOKE.








29


dren than those of this school. They were
hardly to be distinguished from well bred
children of our own country, were equally
well dressed, and nearly as light in color.' "1
Mr. Bingham, as proof of the obedience of
the young girls, relates this somewhat quaint
anecdote:
"Some four years later a reply, in English,
made by one of the female pupils in the name
of the school, to a naval officer, who had
wasted his eloquence in favor of balls, will
illustrate their docility, advancement, and
amiableness: 'Our teachers seek our good, sir.
They have experience and know what is best
for us. We have confidence in their judgment and have no inclination to do what they
disapprove.' "2
Jarves, the historian, also testifies to the
excellence of the school, seven years later, and
commends "the laudable zeal" of the government "in educating the young chiefs, who
by birth are destined to fill important posts."
"For the purpose of bestowing upon them
a solid and practical education in the English
language," he continues, ''embracing not only
the usual studies pursued in the better class
I "A Residence of Twenty-one Years in the Sandwich
Islands, by Hiram Bingham, A.M., etc., p. 581.
2 Ibid.




30


of seminaries in the United States, but to
engraft in their minds the habits, thoughts,
moral and domestic education which children
of their age and circumstances receive in
civilized countries, in I839 they were taken
from their native parents and out of the
sphere of mere Hawaiian influences, and
incorporated into a boarding school under
the charge of Mr. and Mrs. Cooke, teachers of the American mission. During the
seven years the school has been established
their progress has been rapid, and they are
now versed in the common branches of an
English education, besides being practically
acquainted with the tastes, household economy, and refined domestic life. The annual
expense of the school is now about $5000.
The number of scholars fifteen."'
The pupils at that date, 1845, were:
Moses Kaikioewa, son of Kekuanaoa and
Kinau, born July 25, I829, Expectant Governor of Kauai.
Lot Kamehameha, son of Kekuanaoa and
Kinau, born December ii, 1830, Expectant
Governor of Maui.
Alexander Liholiho, son of Kekuanaoa and
Kinau, born February 9, 1834, Heir Apparent,
by adoption, of the King.
1 History of the Hawaiian Islands, by James Jackson
Jarves, p. 179.




3I


Victoria Kamamalu, daughter of Kekuanaoa and Kinau, born November, 1838, Premier by birth.
William C. Lunalilo, son of Kanaina and
Kekauluohi, born January I, I835.
Bernice Pauahi, daughter of Paki and
Konia, born December 19, I83I.
Jane Loeau, daughter of Kalaniulumoku
and Liliha, born 1828 [month and day not
given.]
Elizabeth Kekaniau, daughter of Laanui,
born September ii, I834.
Emma Rooke, daughter of Fanny (Kekela)
Young [daughter of John Young], born
January 2, 1836.
Peter Young Kaeo, son of Kaeo and
Lahilahi [daughter of John Young], born
March 4, i836.
James Kaliokalani, son of Paakea and
Keohokalole, born March 29, 1835.
David Kalakaua, son of Paakea and
Keohokalole, born November 16, 1836.
Lydia Makaeha, daughter of Paakea and
Keohokalole, born September 2, 1838.
Mary Paaina.
Kinau Pitt, son of W. Pitt Kalaimoku.




CHAPTER V


MRS. COOKE.
TO the narrative of Mr. Bingham concerning the school, Sheldon Dibble has
also added the following which is included
in a general summary of educational conditions in the islands at that time:
"Next may be noticed the Family School
for Young Chiefs. The reasons for establishing such a school were fully considered in the
General Meeting of the mission in June, I839.
There seemed to be no school with which
they could be advantageously connected.
If they should enter the seminary, 1 or other
boarding schools, it would be necessary, of
course, that they should stand on a level with
the other scholars and be governed by the
same rules. But such an equality of treatment they were not expected to acquiesce in.
They were unwilling, therefore, to connect
themselves with the boarding schools, and
the missionaries hesitated in encouraging
them to do so....
"That they should be in school and under
l The Missionary Seminary at Lahainaluna.
32




33


regular and systematic training, was viewed,
of course, to be of immense importance, both
in regard to their own welfare, and the welfare
of the nation. The old chiefs were rapidly
disappearing, and if their children were the
persons to fill their places, it was vastly important that they should be well prepared.
Times had changed. It could no longer be
expected that ignorant chiefs would be able
to rule the nation. To acquire a good education, or to become extinct as chiefs, were
the only alternatives.
" It was felt, also, to be a matter of immense
importance that they should know, by their
own delightful experience, the happiness and
the excellence of a well regulated family, and
thus stand as high, at least, as any of their
countrymen in the scale of civilization." 
In I843-four years after the founding of
the school-we learn that "A number of the
scholars are already beginning to use English
text-books, and are acquiring, through that
medium, a knowledge of Arithmetic, Grammar, Geography, and other like studies";
also, that "six or eight of the oldest scholars
have made considerable progress." Foremost
amongst them was Bemice Pauahi, who
throughout the entire time she was a member
1 History of the Sandwich Islands, by Sheldon Dibble,
P. 327.
3




34
of the school, from the beginning, through the
more advanced classes, showed great diligence and proficiency. In addition to the
English text-books, more than sixty works
had been translated into the Hawaiian language, and printed on the mission press at
Lahainaluna for the use of pupils in general.
Amongst these were Elementary Lessons,
Scripture Catechism, Universal Geography,
Fowle's Child's Arithmetic, Animals of the
Earth, with a chart, Catechism of Genesis,
Geometry for Children, Tract on Marriage,
Sacred  Geography,  Colburn's  Intellectual
Arithmetic, History of Beasts, Tract on Astronomy, Sixteen Sermons, Colburn's Algebra,
Tract on Intemperance, Dying Testimony of
Believers and Unbelievers, Pilgrim's Progress,
Legendre's Geometry, Abbot's Little Philosopher, and Bailey's Algebra.
The list of books indicates the taste of the
teachers-a mingling, after the most approved New England methods of that day,
of science, morals and theology, in all of
which the pupils were well grounded.
A word must be said as to the thorough
instruction which they received in both
the arts of speaking and writing the English
language. It is a well-known fact that,




35


with all the alleged improvements made
in the modern school systems of the United
States, both in the higher institutions and in
the public schools, a comparatively small
per cent. of the pupils read or write with
fluency and correctness, while their knowledge
of arithmetic is equally imperfect. The
children in the Royal School, judging from
results, received the most thorough and
painstaking training in all three,-spelling,
writing, and arithmetic. As will be seen
from the authority quoted, they frequently
occupied themselves with writing in the journals they were required to keep.
Many evenings were devoted to reading
aloud, thereby acquiring a love for the best
literature, and an appreciation of what constituted the best, a taste which remained
with Bernice as long as she lived. Mrs.
Cooke, herself, wrote well, with that lucid
diction which nowadays threatens to become
a lost art,-with charm and accuracy, and a
delightful and enlivening sense of humor.
Her clever pupil, naturally endowed with
the gift of expressing herself elegantly and
clearly, profited by the advantages which
instruction at the hands of such a teacher
obtained for her. From girlhood, Bernice




36


was an interesting and brilliant conversationalist, ready to talk upon almost any
topic, with the distinguished men and women
whom she met at school and who enjoyed
her hospitality in her later years. In the
correspondence which has been reproduced,
— many of the letters written in the haste
and excitement of travel, others when she
was in failing health-there was not found
a single lapse in grammar or spelling; and
this cannot always be shid of those who have
devoted themselves to writing as a profession.
To this fortunate instruction, also, Alexander Liholiho [Kamehameha IV.] owed his
scholarly knowledge of the English classics,
of history, and of Shakespeare, a large part
of which he committed to memory and recited with appreciation and feeling.
It was most fortunate for the young alii,
Bernice, that she should have been placed
in the charge of such a woman as Mrs. Cooke
at so early an age, when the mind and heart,
naturally quick and responsive, were most
sensitive to influences for good. She was
but eight years old when she entered the
school, where she remained until her marriage.
From the first, Mrs. Cooke perceived the
pupil's superior intelligence, and felt for her




37


the affection of a mother for a loving and
dutiful child. The pupil returned this interest with confidence, respect, and affection.
The friendship between them never altered;
it endured as long as Bernice lived.
Mr. and Mrs. Cooke arrived in Honolulu
April 9, 1837, with the seventh company of
missionaries who sailed from Boston to their
far-off field in the mid-Pacific. Amos Cooke
was born in Danbury, Ct., Dec. i, I8Io. In
June, 1839, he and his wife, with the approval
of the King, Kamehameha III., took charge
of the school. In 1849 he became superintendent of secular affairs for the Congregational Mission in the Hawaiian Islands.
He was relieved in I85i and entered
mercantile business with S. N. Castle-both
being still prominently represented in Honolulu by their successors and descendants. He
was a deacon in the Foreign [Congregational]
Church for fifteen years and died in Honolulu
March 25, I871. His wife, Juliette Montague, was born in Sunderland, Mass., March Io,
1812. She was married in Danbury, Ct.,
November 24, i836. She remained in the
Royal School for eleven years, from the time
it opened in June, 1839, until it passed into
the hands of the Superintendent of Public




38


Instruction. Of the list of chiefs given by
Mr. Bingham, but two are now living, Lydia
Kamakaeha (ex-Queen Liliuokalani) and
Elizabeth Kekaniau 1 (Mrs. Pratt), who is still
residing in Honolulu. In later years the
children of the missionaries were received as
day pupils. Of these Mr. W. W. Hall, Miss
Helen Judd, Mrs. S. G. Wilder, and others
are still living, all of whom were friends of
the young chiefs.
Mrs. Cooke's acquirements were many and
varied. She had received a remarkably
liberal education for her times, and to this
was added an enthusiastic love of reading,
which was a life-long source of enjoyment;
with this was as great a love of music. This
her children inherited, especially Mrs. Mary
Turner, whose debut in grand opera Mrs.
Bishop has mentioned in her letters to her
cousin.
Mrs. Cooke was also a model housekeeper,
as will be shown later,-working miracles
with the frequently scanty materials at her
disposal. She also possessed remarkable
social qualities, and in this respect, as in all
others, was pre-eminently qualified for the
1 The spelling is thus given in Jarves's History of the
Hawaiian Islands, p. I79.




39
position which she filled. An important
part of her duty was to receive and entertain
the many naval officers and other distinguished visitors who, when in Honolulu,
always made it a point to visit the Royal
School. This characteristic she retained to
the end of her long life,l and those who had
once known her never failed to pay their
respects to her upon their return to the
Islands. On all important occasions her
attendance was always desired and no gathering was considered complete if she were
absent. Yet notwithstanding this she was
one of the most modest of women, never
volunteering her opinion unless when it was
a matter of conscience and she felt it her
imperative duty to speak. Then she expressed herself, always kindly and with
moderation, but firmly and plainly.
No one could have been by nature more
retiring,-less self-seeking. The important
place which she held always in the social,
educational, and religious life of Honolulu was
never sought; it was universally conceded,
and most urgently insisted upon by those
who knew her best.
1 Mrs. Cooke died at her home in Honolulu, August
1I, 1896, at the age of 84.




40


Her contemporary, Mrs. Laura Fish Judd,
paid her this tribute:
"The choice of teachers [for the Royal
School] was most happy. In Mrs. Cooke the
pupils enjoyed the instruction of an educated
and intellectual woman, combined with the
cheerful, judicious counsels of an affectionate
mother. It was a great pleasure to visit
them and trace their progress in mastering
that difficult language-the English-through
the medium of which they acquired in due
time a knowledge of all the branches necessary for a substantial education. A natural
taste for music and drawing was also cultivated, in which many of them excelled."1
Another close friend, the venerable Mrs.
Rice, who has been mentioned in the preceding pages, a teacher in the early days at
Punahou, also paid a high tribute to the
devoted teacher whose precepts and consistent example had such a lasting effect
upon the mind of her pupil, Bernice. Mrs.
Rice said in a recent conversation:
"Mrs. Cooke had wonderful skill in all
departments of housekeeping-a fine sense
of order, a love for tidiness, and she was very


l Sketches of Life in the Hawaiian Islands, by Laura
Fish Judd, p. 94.




4I


skilful with her needle, both in making
clothing and in millinery work, the making
and trimming of hats and bonnets. There
was always a good book at hand, on her table,
and she would take it up and read, or be
read to, whenever she had a moment's
time."
Bernice is mentioned in Mrs. Cooke's
letters at this time as reading aloud remarkably well. The teacher and this favorite pupil were constantly together, indeed
they were never separated until the latter's
marriage. She shielded Bernice from all
harmful influences as jealously as she shielded
her own children. For her, too, it may be
taken for granted was the safety and seclusion
of the "tabu yard," which she describes in
her journal. Mrs. Rice describes Bernice
at this period as a slender, graceful child,
with an exquisite figure. Her hands, always
small and remarkable for their beauty, were
perfectly formed, the fingers delicate and
taper, having been partially shaped by the
manipulations of her nurses in babyhood, a
custom that formerly prevailed amongst all
Hawaiians of high rank. She had beautiful
dark hair that fell in a cloud of lustrous,
silken ringlets to her waist, and her skin, as




42
in infancy, was fair. Mrs. Rice recalled
having once seen her not long before her
marriage, with her hair arranged in a coil
on the top of her head, and she begged her to
have the curls loosened to fall as nature had
designed them.
The ex-Queen Liliuokalani also thus describes the personal charms of her fostersister:
"She was one of the most beautiful girls
I ever saw; the vision of her loveliness can
never be effaced from remembrance; like
a striking picture, once seen, it is stamped
upon memory's page forever." 
1 Hawaii's Story, by Hawaii's Queen, p. Io.




CHAPTER VI


OTHER REMINISCENCES.
THE ex-Queen Liliuokalani generally
commends the Royal School, especially the family life. She states that the
pupils "were allowed to return to their
homes in vacation, as well as for an occasional
Sunday during the term. The family life,"
she continues, " was made agreeable to us,
and our instructors were especially particular to teach us the proper use of the
English language." She describes her arrival
at the school as follows:
"I can remember now, my emotions on
entering this first school I ever attended. I
can recall that I was carried there on the
shoulders 1 of a tall, stout, very large woman,
1 The children of high chiefs were thus carried about
by their attendants. Elizabeth Kaaniau (Mrs. Pratt),
one of the pupils of the school, has related how she was
thus taken by her nurse to see an execution in the old
fort, without the knowledge of her parents. Her
elevated position gave her a plain view of the terrible
spectacle, which threw her into an agony of fright
from which she did not soon recover, the struggling
figures haunting her for days.
43




44


whose name was Kaika (she was the daughter
of Governor Kanoa, and they were of a
family of chiefs of inferior rank, living under
control and direction of the higher chiefs).
As she put me down at the entrance of the
schoolhouse, I shrank from its doors, with
that immediate and strange dread of the
unknown, so common in childhood. Crying
bitterly I turned to my faithful attendant,
clasping her with my arms and clinging
closely to her neck. She tenderly expostulated with me; and as the children, moved
by curiosity to meet the newcomer, crowded
about me, I was soon attracted by their
friendly faces, and was induced to go into the
old courtyard with them. Then my fears
began to vanish; comforted and consoled, I
soon found myself at home amongst my
playmates."'
Kawaiahao Church was that which the
King and the Court attended and to which
the royal children were also required to repair
every Sunday. This also has been described
by the same writer:
"We never failed to go to church in procession every Sunday in charge of our teachers, Mr. and Mrs. Cooke, and occupied seats
in the immediate vicinity of the pew where
the King was seated. The custom was for
t Hawaii's Story, by Hawaii's Queen, chap. i., p. 6.




45


a boy and a girl to march side by side, the
lead being taken by the eldest scholars.
Moses and Jane had this distinction, next
Lot and Bernice, then Liholiho with Abigail,
followed by Lunalilo and Emma (after the
latter had joined the school), James and
Elizabeth, David and Victoria, and so on,
John Kinau and I being the last."'
In addition to the morning service Mrs.
Laura Fish Judd has given an interesting
account of that held on Sunday evening in
the palace drawing-room.
"The pupils of the Royal School attend
and constitute a choir, as they have fine
voices," she wrote. "One of the young ladies
[Bernice] leads the singing with the melodion.
Mr. Richards usually conducts the service.
He understands the language well and the
habits of the people and chiefs so that he can
adapt truth to the heart and understanding.
The King always attends and the other evening remarked upon the contrast of this scene
and the gross idol worship of his ancestors."2
For Mr. Richards Mrs. Bishop felt a warm
friendship which continued as long as he
lived. As she grew older, looking back upon
1 Hawaii's Story, by Hawaii's Queen, chap. i., p. 7.
2 Honolulu: Sketches of Life in the Hawaiian Islands,
by Laura Fish Judd, pp. 154, 155.




46


her school-days, she never altered her opinion
concerning his intellectual attainments, and
his faithful and unselfish devotion to the
Hawaiian people. He took a deep interest
in the pupils of the Royal School from the
beginning, and enjoyed the entire confidence
of the King and high chiefs. Mr. Richards
was appointed Minister of Public Instruction
in 1845 and organized the native schools, the
pupils being taught from text-books translated into the Hawaiian language. Mr.
Richards died in I847.
Mr. Gorham D. Gilman, extracts from
whose diaries have been quoted in the preceding pages, has also left his impressions
of the school, written from personal observation. He, too, highly commended the
choice of teachers, who, he remarks, have
"most happily contrived to share the confidence of their royal patrons, who evince
increasing interest in the institution." He
thus commends the zeal of some of the
parents in forwarding the work:
"Some who claimed kin with royal blood
aided with their hands, as well as by their
servants, in the erection of the walls; the
scholars also assisted," he writes, "and the
Heir-apparent helped to build the house that




47


was to be his home while he was obtaining
his education." Mr. Gilman gives this account of Bernice at that time, probably
about I845, although no date is recorded.
"Of the young ladies, the eldest is Miss
Bernice Pauahi, whose parents are both of
high rank, tracing their descent from the old
Kings of Hawaii, at the time of the discovery
of that island by Captain Cook.
"She has always been more under foreign
influence than most of the other pupils of her
age. She was a very favorite adopted child
of Kinau, daughter of the Conqueror, who
was a strong friend of the mission, and who
early placed her young charge within its
influence.
"She is now a young lady and combines a
well cultivated mind with much grace of
person, and although not privileged with
what is a 'finished' education in modern
style, she would win golden opinions in any
circle. She is of middle statue, of light
complexion, and of much ease of manners,
plays and sings prettily, and will adorn any
station she may fill in her native islands,
being probably the best educated of all the
Hawaiian girls."
To Mrs. Cooke, he pays this deserved
tribute:
"The female pupils seem to be strongly




48


attached to their teacher, Mrs. Cooke.
She certainly has well-grounded reason
to be proud of her pupils, who show, conclusively, that she has spared no pains to
impart what she had the power to command
that would conduce to their happiness, and
make them fill the station which their rank
imposes upon them.
"Possessing a well-balanced, well-regulated mind, with much tact and discretion,
she is also a woman that induces both confidence and esteem. She has succeeded in
a rich degree in imparting a portion of these
happy traits to some of her-pupils, at least."
Of their daily life he has left this pleasant
picture:
"Attached to the principal building is a
large garden that is very neatly arranged and
laid out into walks bordered with flowers. In
one part of this garden is the schoolroom, a
pleasant apartment for study. The branches
taught are similar to those in good schools in
the United States, from the youngest pupils,
with easy lessons, to the higher branches of
mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, etc., with
exercises in composition and declamation.
The study hours are in the forenoon and the
P. M., while the morning and evening are
devoted to some healthful amusement, riding,
particularly, in which they all excel. The
evenings are spent in a social manner, with




49


reading or music. Having seen a good deal
of distinguished society-the visits of gentlemen from abroad-they appear easy and
at home.
"Although they seldom associate with the
people, they are much thought of by them
and their appearance is always hailed with
pleasure."
The following extracts have been taken
from the official reports of Mr. Amos Cooke,
to the government:
"Nov. 4, 1847.
"For the last six months the two eldest
girls, Jane and Bernice, were excused from
some of the regular duties of the schoolroom
that they might assist in the domestic concerns, and also teach the other girls both to
play on the pianoforte and to sing. These
two also played and sang together for one
hour daily.
"The other members of the first class (Lot
and Alexander) during this time have attended to Flint's Surveying, and Colt's Bookkeeping. These four have had one lesson
daily together in Comstock's Philosophy.
"Now there are but three in the class
[Jane having married John R. Jasper] and
they have lessons daily in Thompson's
Legendre and Comstock's Chemistry.
"Bernice alone now teaches music and at
4




50
that time the boys are going on with surveying and book-keeping."
"May, 1848.
"During the last year some of the time of the
two eldest girls has been devoted to lessons
in Domestic Economy, and in giving lessons
to the younger girls on the pianoforte and
in singing. This is especially true of Miss
Bernice during the past eight months."




CHAPTER VII


MRS. COOKE'S DIARY AND LETTERS.
THE following letters and extracts from
Mrs. Cooke's diaries and correspondence
give a graphic account of the general management of the School for Young Chiefs, with
the daily tasks and amusements of the pupils,
as well as the cares and responsibilities of
the teachers. Only such selections were
made from the mass of material placed at
my disposal, through the kindness of Mrs.
Cooke's family, still residing in Honolulu,
as had a direct bearing upon the training and
influence thrown about the young chiefs.
The first is from the diary, which was kept
for her sister, Miss Fanny Eliza Montague,
then living in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.
It antedates the opening of the school by
some two months, Mr. and Mrs. Cooke, at
that time, having charge of a smaller, private
school supported by the mission, with a
separate residence. She gives an account
of the superstitious fears of the children
51




52


which, at first, were a source of considerable
difficulty to the teachers.
"April 15, I839.
"On coming home from the school, I was
told by some of the scholars that they had
made the discovery that Kinau (the late
high chief) had been prayed to death by her
old kahuna. I inquired how they found it
out. They said: 'by the pit that was dug
under her seat in the meeting-house.' I
told them it was not there; that it was a mea
hoo punipuni (a thing to deceive). They
said:
"' But thus it has been with us; many have
died in this way. One of the kahunas gets
offended, and by prayer and sorcery the
person dies.'
" When Kinau's son came for his lesson I
asked him about it and he gave full credence
to it. How deep-rooted is superstition!
How lasting is early impression! Formerly
this was, as they say, a practice with them.
The individual prayed about always found
it out in some way,-would begin to lose his
appetite, refuse to eat, pine away, and die.
This shows how great an effect the imagination has upon the body."
" June 7, I839.
"We have seen and heard much of interest
since last I wrote. The General Meeting is
one of great interest. This meeting is one




53


likely to affect our situation materially.
The King and Chiefs have presented a petition
to have a family set apart to teach the young
chiefs of this nation and they have requested
that we might be the ones. The mission,
after consideration, have consented. This
idea of a school did not originate with them,
but they have consented and seemed desirous
of having it done. We all feel that it will
be an experiment, and many prophesy that
it will be a failure. The plan is, to take the
children from their parents and bring them
up in a regular way. What we fear and
expect is, that they will not persevere in
their attempt to give their children up entirely to our management, and unless they
do this it will be all in vain.... They are
indulged in every way by their kahus, who
wish to get high in favor so that when the
children have power, they (the kahus) may
profit by it. We have commenced having a
school with some of them (five). They appear
very lively and fond of play, and we hope
they will, ere long, be as lively at their books.
We expect to teach them in English, and
should be pleased to get at a book store and
select some interesting books for them, as we
expected to teach only in the native language
and did not come supplied with children's
books.
" The chiefs are to build us a house for the
purpose. The plan of it is drawn and the
foundation laid already. It is to be built




54


of mud [adobe] and after the Spanish fashion,
an open court in the centre, and will probably
be completed in about three months. I have
many fears about it, having seen the children
when they seemed quite unmanageable.
But Dr. Judd is to stand by us and says if
there is any difficulty we must send for him.
He has great influence with the chiefs and is
very anxious to have the school succeed.
If we do succeed in educating and instilling
into them right principles of action, we shall
be doing more for the nation than we could
do in any other way. The eldest (Moses) is
about ten years of age. He is now, or would
be, if there were no schools, Gov. of Kauai.
His old grandfather died about two months
ago, and he has been down, was proclaimed
Governor, and has returned to school."
In the following letter addressed to Miss
Montague, who afterwards became Mrs.
Stockbridge, now residing in Baltimore, she
wrote:
"April 28 [I839].
"Have been down to call on the chiefs
on account of the sickness of Moses, the
good son, who is my scholar in English.
He has been having the mumps, has been
1 Dr. G. P. Judd at that time, as throughout his life,
had the entire confidence of the King, exerting a most
salutary influence in the government.




55


sick about a week, is getting better and
seemed pleased to see us.
" On arriving at the elegant stone building
of the chiefs we were told that they (the
chiefs) were in the houses without. We went
on, conducted by Pauahi, the Governor's 1
daughter, who is my scholar, and arrived at
a grass house built in the native fashion with
no window or air-holes, excepting the door.
Here we were met by the Governor [Paki],
who invited us in, saying that Auhea was
sick. This was a [half] sister of Kinau who
is expected to take her place until Victoria,
Kinau's daughter, becomes of age.2 We
went in and found her sick, feverish, with
headache, her little son, William (Lunalilo)
also quite sick. Many of the chiefs were
present. It is their fashion when one of their
number is sick. They were assembled from
most of the Islands when Kinau was taken
sick, and had not returned since her death,
which occurred three weeks ago [April 4,
I839]. She is not yet buried, but still lies
in the stone house. The nation has suffered
a great loss in her death, as well as her
husband [Kekuanaoa]. He seems to feel
it deeply. Found Moses better. He was
I Paki was at this time acting Governor of Oahu.
2 Auhea, or Kekauluohi, was appointed kuhina nui
by the King, until Victoria succeeded to the office.
She was the niece of Kamehameha I. Her son William
Lunalilo became King, and reigned from Jan. 8, 1873,
to Feb. 3, I874. He founded the Lunalilo Home for
aged Hawaiians in Honolulu.




pleased to see me, as also were his servants."
The date of the next entry is missing. It
was probably in the middle or latter part of
1840, the Wilkes Expedition, whose expected
arrival is mentioned by Mrs. Cooke, having
been in Honolulu in November of that year.
It was the United States exploring expedition
which circumnavigated the globe in 1838-42,
under command of Lieut. Charles Wilkes.
While in Honolulu he visited the Royal
School, his remarks concerning the pupils
having been quoted in the preceding pages.
"ROYAL SCHOOL [no date].
"We live a little away from the main road,
quite retired from the neighbors. We do not
suffer from being lonely, I assure you. A
little loneliness, occasionally, would be hailed
with no ordinary pleasure. I hope you will
be able to understand the above [ground
plan of the school] so as to form some idea
of our situation. Our house is built in as
cheap a manner as possible, owing to the
pressure of the times when it was erected. I
have some fears that it is too cheap to be
substantial, but perhaps it will last as long
as it will be needed. You are aware that all
the expense was borne by the chiefs and the
mission. Thankful made curtains for my
bed-room, she said, though she doubted




57


whether I would have any windows. They
are marked thus, — I-, windows; II, doors.
The children eat with us at the same table,
their parents furnishing food for them. We
have a constant number of eighteen at
our table, and they make the knives and
forks rattle not a little. We have had
bread on the table but once a day.1 The
King sent us one barrel of flour and the
Governor [Paki] another.  The latter was
here at tea this evening, and seemed quite
happy.   He is going to try to get us a cow
as the children are very fond of milk."
"July 29.
"I have not been so well as formerly for a
few weeks past. The anxiety is more than
the labor. I am anxious, constantly, about
the children. They get into difficulty, or
do or say something which is likely to be
charged to our account. Or, perhaps the
domestics tell of something and give a wrong
coloring to it, and the first thing we know
the Governor is up, or sends a letter respecting
it. Some servant has a strange report and
goes with it to the ear of the parents. The
children have been walking, perhaps, and
stepped over a mark made by a sorcerer, and
are in danger of being prayed to death; or,
they are imagined to have some disease about
1 Poi was at that time a native substitute for bread,
and it is still preferred to bread by many of the old
Hawaiians. Flour sent out to the Islands came by
way of Cape Horn, as did all other supplies.




58


them and must be doctored by a native
physician. With the little acquaintance we
have with the chiefs we should never be able
to surmount these obstacles were it not for
the constant and kind assistance of Dr. Judd
in particular, accompanied by the co-operation and influence of the mission in general.
The children (in our charge) need a mother's
constant watch and care. There is no greater
privilege, in their idea, than that of being
allowed to come into my sitting-room with me
awhile. I do not know how many times a day
they rap at my door and request the pleasure
of 'calling in,' adding that 'they will be good
children,' 'sit still,' 'wipe their feet,' etc.... It is a very unpleasant evening. The
wind is whistling round our windows and is
sifting in dust by the wholesale. A high
trade wind is always unpleasant here. It
is impossible to go out with any comfort at
such times, and, within, everything has a
grimy feeling and aspect. It is different
from a snow-storm, for a good cheerful fire
and pleasant faces give a delight within,
while old Northwest howls without. We
had a few Americans to take tea with us last
night. Among them were Mr. Olmstead, son of
Professor Olmstead, of New Haven, and a Mr.
Couthouy, a naturalist, belonging to the squadron, which is expected here before long. 
The former (Mr. Olmstead) came here not long
since in a whaling vessel for his health."
1 The Wilkes Expedition.




CHAPTER VIII


HOME LIFE AND HOLIDAYS.
Mrs. Cooke to Mr. Charles Montague.
"March 14, I842.
"I suppose you would like to look on my
table to see what we have for dinner, so I
will tell you as well as I can. For meat we
have some fried pork; for vegetables boiled
taro and sweet potatoes. Then we have a
dessert of boiled rice,-a pretty good dinner
we think. Each child has at his place a
bowl of poi-an article you are not acquainted with. It is made of boiled kalo,
pounded and made into a paste; when
fermented it is in a proper state to eat, and
is the bread of the Hawaiians. Mr. Cooke
and I cannot love it-never eat it."
Mention is made at this time of the illness
of Bernice, who, ordinarily, appears to have
been a healthy and active child.
"Our little patient, Bernice,... is still
ill-does not sit up much. It makes me
additional care. I have to prepare and give
her medicine and everything she eats. She
59




60


has but little appetite. We have some fears
that she will not recover from the effects of
the inflammation. I conversed with her
the other day, and she said she should repent
as soon as she gets well, for she had been very
much afraid she should die. I warned her
not to put it off."
Knowing the restless nature of their pupils,
who had been unaccustomed to restraint of
any kind, Mr. and Mrs. Cooke took them
about on various expeditions, by way of
varying the routine of their school duties.
There were frequent rides in the neighborhood
of Honolulu and one notable visit to Lahaina.
This was the old capital, a delightful spot
with every charm of climate and scenery.
The only drawback was the difficulties of
the voyage on the small, crowded, and not
always cleanly vessels of that time. Bernice,
having recovered sufficiently, accompanied
her teachers on the journey described in the
following letter:
"LAHAINA, April 23, i842.
"We left Honolulu on the i 9th of this month
for this place. You perhaps recollect that
an attempt was made last year by the King
and chiefs to get the children here, but an
ill wind drove them back. A schooner was




sent again for us and this time we find ourselves landed safely at this place. I wish I
could give you an accurate idea of our voyage,
but it would be impossible in the short time
I can command for writing, and even if the
time was not wanting, my descriptive powers
are nothing remarkable. I will, therefore,
only say a few separate things. The Pahia
is the best vessel in the possession of the
chiefs. It was made very clean for a native
vessel, had a liberal outfit consisting of chickens, hard bread, water-melons, musk-melons,
bananas, sugar cane, poi, potatoes, some
butter, tea, sugar, lemonade, etc., etc. She
had ten sailors and io rowers-a native captain, mate, steward, and cook, some servants
for the children, Dr. Judd, Mr. Cooke, and
myself with 14 children. We had a pretty
brisk wind, and, of course, were all very
sick.... Our scholars behaved admirably.
Not a word of complaint did I hear. No ill
humor, but considerable singing and cheerful
conversation. The captain prayed night
and morning. I presume it was his custom.... I could write a volume upon the
voyage but time will not permit, and I must
pass it over.
"We arrived an hour and a half before
day on Friday, anchored, and in a few minutes were welcomed by the Premier [Auhea],
Paki, Kanaina (High Chiefs) who had come
out a mile and a half with a double canoe
and a boat to carry us on shore. It being




62


yet dark, we asked how they knew we had
come; they said they saw us by the light of
the moon before we anchored. We gladly
took our seats in the canoe, though hardly
able to sit upright. On reaching the shore
we were welcomed by all the chiefs, the King,
and Mr. Richards.
"Auhea then sent men with pails to bring
water and they brought nearly a hogshead
full. We washed, a long table was spread,
and breakfast prepared of all the dainties at
their command. They had roast pig, fried
fish, stewed birds, and many things for which
we have no American name. They seated
us at the table, two high chiefs standing behind and fanning their guests with their
splendid kahilis, another one pouring the
tea. The King and Premier sat at one end
of the table and Mr. Cooke at the other. I
felt rather uneasy but did not know what to
say, so I sat quietly and partook of their
provisions. We had knives, forks, and plates,
silver spoons, castors, teacups, and saucers,
everything customary amongst you....
The linen damask table-cloth was white and
clean, the water was cool and refreshing....
"Auhea's house stood close by the sea.
It was built of stone, two stories high. They
lived upstairs in a large room that opened on
a broad piazza. Here we had a full view of
the sea, the ships in the harbor, and the white
surf as it rolled over the reefs toward the
house. The island of Lanai rose in the




63


distance, variegating the scenery. Beautiful
kou trees shaded the house and many people
collected on all sides to gaze at the young
princes."
"Tuesday, 26th.
"After breakfast we were conducted to a
house that had been expressly fitted up for
our use. It was a large stone house finished
off as houses usually are in America, plastered
and painted. There are six rooms-three
above and the same below. The floors are
all matted, and there are mosquito nets, table
furniture, tables, chairs, cooking stove and
apparatus. I went out to the cook-house
and found fish frying and vegetables cooking
for dinner. Everything was prepared, or
preparing for us. It was pleasant to be thus
kindly received by the parents of our pupils,
but more expense was incurred than we
wished, as our stay will probably be short.
We came without any flour, it being a scarce
article in Honolulu, but the Premier has
purchased us a barrel for $16 of a ship now
in port, tea, with coffee, melons, bananas,
cucumbers, squashes, taro, pigs, fish, sugar,
etc.  It was rather more than    I could
endure."
The visit was diversified by several incidents. A little child of Mrs. Cooke met
with a serious accident. On the 25th a great




64


temperance meeting was held at which the
King and all the chiefs publicly signed the
pledge, concerning which Mrs. Cooke said:
"It is a matter of great rejoicing, though
all rejoice with trembling."
On the night of April 25th, there was a
terrible storm, with incessant lightning, many
native houses being swept away, and the
cellar of the house occupied by Mr. and Mrs.
Cooke and their pupils being filled with water.
As a result of this she writes:
"We lost one barrel of hard bread given
us by the Governor when we came away.
The water came in all around, and it dripped
in all parts of the room. To-day it has been
rainy, the children have made me almost
crazy, and the red mud has been carried from
cellar to garret." 
On the 5th of May the children accompanied Mr. Cooke to Wailuku, a station
fifteen miles from Lahaina.
"They started early-about daylight,"
the diary tells us, "in company with the King,
who goes to escort them with four boats.
He is to go within several miles of the station
and then return. The children take horses
when the King leaves them and go by land
the remainder of the way."




KAWAIAHAO CHURCH IN 1908.








65


Mrs. Cooke stayed behind to secure a little
rest, of which she must have been sadly in
need, and took the opportunity to visit
friends in Lahainaluna.1
The visit to Wailuku ended happily and on
May I3th she writes:
"Mr. Cooke and the children returned on
the 7th. They had beautiful weather and a
delightful time. The children exhausted all
their English over and over again in trying to
tell me of the things they had seen and heard.... Last night I had the King and Chiefs
here to tea. The day previous was spent in
baking and preparing for them. I found it
difficult to do so on many accounts....
When I came from home I brought just as
few things as I could get along with. But
after considerable contrivance I succeeded
in getting an excellent supper. The chiefs
always expect cake-and nice cake, too. I
had bread and butter, cup cake, cookies,
fried cakes, sponge cake, crackers, cheese,
tea, and coffee. I used forty eggs in my
cookies. And the board was swept! There
were thirty-five of us, in all, counting our
family. Now I must express it in plain
language that the expense of this entertainLahainaluna was the seat of a flourishing academy presided over at that time by Rev. E. W.
Clark. In connection with it was a publishing house,
in which many books relating to Island affairs were
printed, with text-books and translations in the
Hawaiian language used in the schools.
5




66


ment was borne by the chiefs and not by the
mission.... We think it has a good effect
upon the chiefs thus to meet and spend an
occasional evening with their children in a
social way."
An interesting letter survives giving a
brief account of the visit from the pupils'
standpoint. It was written by Prince Lot,
afterwards Kamehameha V., who was then
twelve years of age. It was addressed to
Mr. Gilman, and, considering the youth of the
writer, the short time that had elapsed since
he had learned English, it is rather remarkable. The letter is as follows:
"LAHAINA, May 4, 1842.
"MR. GILMAN.
" DEAR SIR: Moses and I received your letter to us on the Sabbath day. He is now writing to Newton and I will write a few lines to
you. Mr. Cooke and six boys and three girls
are going to Wailuku to-morrow. A part of
the way we shall go on the water, and a part of
the way we shall go by land on the horseback.
Our servants will take our horses over the
mountain to Maalaea Bay. From that place
we shall ride on horseback. We have been
to sail several times since we came here. We
have also played very much. We wish to




67


stay here a long time, but our teachers think
we may return next week.
" Give my love to Newton
"Your friend,
"LOT KAMEHAMEHA."
Upon their safe return to Honolulu Mrs.
Cooke wrote:
"May 23d [1842].
"I find myself in Honolulu again, in my old
home. It never looked so pleasant before,
but it brings redoubled cares. General
meeting has commenced and the children
need more than usual straightening, having
suffered somewhat from their visit in not
knowing what use to make of the kind attentions bestowed on them. What is more,
I have a new pupil and boarder-a child of
three years —I5 children,-four under four
years. Oh, for patience, firmness, forbearance, and skill in teaching!"




CHAPTER IX


FURTHER ACCOUNTS OF THE SCHOOL.
THE school occasionally adjourned to the
King's house in Nuuanu Valley, above
Luakaha, for a change which was greatly
enjoyed by both teachers and pupils. In
the following extract from a letter to Miss
Montague, an account is given of one of
these pleasant migrations:
"November 7, I842.
"I am in the country, as we say. This valley
is so elevated as to be quite cool and comfortable. On the east, south, and north are high
mountains; to the west we have a fine view
of Honolulu, the harbor, ships, and the sea'the open sea'-which extends as far as the
eye can reach. Were I in a mood for description I would try to give you some idea of the
loveliness of the landscape, but I must leave
that to your imagination, whose fertility, I
doubt not, will fill up the outline I have given
you and make it somewhere as nearly beautiful as it is in reality.
"I am taking care of the children while Mr.
68




69


Cooke is having the house [the school in Honolulu] painted and whitewashed. We live very
comfortably, the children in a grass house
belonging to the Governor and I in a house
belonging to the mission situated some distance
from them-one-quarter of a mile, perhaps.
The house is built of adobes and thatched
with grass, has a veranda all round it. It
is plastered with clay and sand, and whitewashed inside and out. It has four rooms
and a cook-house, so that we are very comfortable as to room. I have all the cooking
done here and carried-part of the foodover to the children.... The children
come over here to school twice a day and
when they have gone back I have it quiet
around me and feel as if I could rest. Oh,
what a privilege to be still for a few minutes;
a blessing I seldom enjoy at home, except in
the night. The cool air is exceedingly refreshing. We rode out this morning before
sunrise-took the road leading up the valley.
The air seemed cold-absolutely cold! You
can have no idea of the luxury of cold air.
The view was enchanting, beyond my feeble
power of description. It had been five years
since I had been so far from home-[a distance
of six miles]-I mean by land."
The pupils of the Royal School participated in many of the important ceremonials
of their times. Among them was the Restoration of the Hawaiian flag, by Admiral




70


Thomas; July 31, 1843, after the enforced
cession effected by Lord Paulet, the exercises
being held in Thomas Square, followed by
solemn thanksgiving services in Kawaiahao
church. The day was regularly celebrated
thereafter as Restoration Day. The festivities on the anniversary in i847 are still
recalled by many old residents of Honolulu.
The King, Kamehameha III., gave a great
luau on his estate in Nuuanu Valley to which
he drove in his state carriage-a vehicle
which he seldom used-drawn by four horses.
Hundreds of men and women rode to the
scene of the feast on horseback, Hawaiians
from all the islands of the group being present.
The young chiefs were then well-grown lads.
An elaborate luau was served the natives out
of doors under the trees, roast pigs, fish, fowls,
poi, and the usual accompaniments being
furnished in abundance. For the foreigners,
the consular representatives, or commissioners, members of the cabinet, judges of
the Supreme Court, and others favored with
invitations, a dinner suited to their taste
was prepared, the guests seated at table in
the King's stone house, every delicacy that
could be procured being set before them. An
exhibition of the old methods of strangling,




7I


bone-breaking and spear-throwing followed
the feast-a mimicry, of course, of what
had once been grim reality. John Ii, the
court chaplain, especially distinguished himself in handling the spear, although it is
probable that it had never been used in actual
warfare within his memory. He threw with
great precision and warded off as many as five
of the weapons at once. All this was witnessed by the young chiefs with keen interest.
The morning was fine, but later the festivities were interrupted by heavy rain, which,
however, was not of long continuance, and
which interfered very little with the enjoyment of the natives.
At the close of the year following, Mrs.
Cooke's diary has this interesting entry, in
which she alludes to her favorite pupil by her
Hawaiian name:
"Dec. I9, I843.
"This was Pauahi's birthday. In the evening Mr. Southy, of the English man-of-war
'Champion' brought her a present of a
music box. Dr. Graham also called, and
Dr. Rooke, Mr. Basagon (?), a Chilian officer,
and Miss Goodale, so we had quite a partyself invited. They played various games
with the children. We brought out cakes,
raisins, nuts, and lemonade, after which [there




72


came] a hard rap at the front door, and a
serenade from a band of musicians-vocal,
entirely-roused us all to our feet. The door
was opened and an elegant fruit cake made
its appearance, the frosting beautifully ornamented with colors and Pauahi's name in the
centre.
"The music was in the German language
and was exceedingly fine. It was from some
German sailors who were directed here, I
suppose, by Dr. Graham, who also sent the
cake, although he seemed very ignorant.
After the musicians had sung a long time
we invited them in and gave them refreshments. They could talk a little English.
They had exceedingly fine voices."
"December 25.
"The 'Champion' has gone to the Coast.
The English celebrate Christmas. A Christmas cake came in last night but who is the
donor we do not know."
"Jan. 5 [I844].
"The Captain of the French ship called and
invited teachers and pupils on board the ship.
Mr. Cooke and the children went."
Mrs. Cooke remained at home, explaining
that she never accepted such invitations
for herself, although, under proper circumstances, and at reasonable hours, she did not




73


refuse them for the children, to whom they
gave great pleasure, receiving, as they did,
many attentions and little gifts from the
officers. They in turn found the children
very attractive and interesting-a company
of little native princes and princesseswho were never allowed by their people to
forget their rank, their present and future
importance.
The year following, the school suffered
from a visitation of fever. The difficulties
of caring for the children when they were ill
have been graphically described in the following letter. The " tabu yard" was a part of
the premises which Mrs. Cooke reserved
exclusively as a playground for her own
children, where they could play apart from
the pupils, under her vigilant eye. To this
"tabu yard" it is quite probable that Bernice alone had free access, as she was, as has
been said, constantly with her teacher and
the family.
"May 9, 1844.
"At present I have a family of twenty-twothree (3) of them are sick with the fever-a
kind of mild typhus,-two of a mild kind,
one quite sick. It is now the thirteenth day
with two of them, but the crisis has not come.




74


" William [Lunalilo] was taken first. After
eleven days he was better and recovered so
far as to get out of doors and walk about but
his father [Kanaina] thought the diet too
strict and provided him secretly with some
fritters, brought on a relapse, and he has been
delirious for a week past; is reduced very
low. We are in suspense respecting him,
but the doctor has not given up hope. He
thinks him a little better, but we cannot see
it. His mother, the premier [Kekauluohi, or
Auhea] has been sent for [from Lahaina] and
arrived two days ago. The other two
patients [Lot and Jane] are comfortably sick."
"May 15 [1844].
"Our sick are still sick-very sick, though
we hope there is a little improvement.
William's father and mother being added
to our family adds very much to my cares
and troubles. They fill my children's yard
with natives, etc. They are very much
afraid to do anything for the child themselves, and yet they want everything to be
done. They do not consider that we have
seventeen children to look after, board,
teach, etc. But I ought not to complain.
They manifest great confidence in us and
agree readily to any proposition respecting
the child. They came in to say that they
had concluded to build a hale [house] in
our yard. My heart sank within me to
think of their staying so long, but I told




75


them to make themselves at home and do
as they liked."
Some of the difficulties thrown in the way
of the little patient's recovery may be
gathered from this description of his room,
which had been furnished in keeping with
his parents' ideas of what was due his
rank.
'It would amuse you to go to his room and
see how his bed is dressed. It generally has
a new covering every time I go out there. He
is on a bedstead; his bed is a mattress; over
this is a kind of comfortable stuffed and
quilted, then either a large satin or velvet
spread; on this a large piece of satin, or silk,
doubled four or six times. On this lies the
precious sick boy with a pillow covered with
some rich silk. Over him is a spread of costly
silk, or damask, while around him sit two or
three servants with splendid fly brushes [kahilis] waving them  over the bed though
seldom a fly makes his appearance in the
room. Around the sides of the apartment
and on the curtains of the bed are hung
beautiful evergreens, and the floor is covered
with a fine native mat."
"May I8.
"The Premier has this day built a house in
our tabu yard for her accommodation. It is




76
covered with mats. She has put furniture
into it and it looks quite comfortable."
In spite of all the obstacles thrown in the
way of such a happy result, the young prince
gradually recovered, and the occupants of the
"tabu yard" returned to their homes.




CHAPTER X


A TRIP TO THE VOLCANO.
Mr. Amos Cooke to Mr. Charles Montague.
"HONOLULU, December 25th, 1846.
"As 'merry a Christmas' to you as we
have had. A week ago I sealed my long
letter to go pr. 'Charles,' but she has not
yet sailed. As it is the last opportunity we
shall have this season to send by Cape Horn
I embrace it to send you a succinct account
of our jaunt, which I have had copied by
Miss Bernice and Master Alexander from
my letter to Rev. A. Andrews, D.D."
The letter is as follows:
"On Tuesday the 23d of June last, Mr.
Douglass, John Ii, our native assistant, and I,
accompanied by eleven of our scholars (males
and females) embarked on board the 'Kamehameha III ', a new schooner recently purchased
by Government, for a voyage of a few weeks
to the Windward islands. The King furnished
us with a vessel, leaving us to go where we
pleased, and be gone as long as we pleased.
77




Dr. and Mrs. Rooke accompanied us, also
Rev. C. B. Andrews of Molokai, and Captain
Newell. Our whole number, including natives, was thirty-four. We sailed first for
Hilo, stopping at Lahaina one day, to wait
for Mr. Andrews to come from Molokai. We
reached Hilo on the evening of the sixth day.
During that day, which was Sunday, we had
meetings on board, conducted by John Ii.
On our arrival the young ladies were invited
to stay at Rev. Mr. Coan's and the young
men at Mr. Pitman's. Messrs. Douglass and
Andrews staid at Rev. Mr. Lyman's. There
we met with the Rev. C. S. Lyman who was
visiting the island of Hawaii.
" Monday was spent in making preparations
for visiting the volcano on the following day.
We reached the volcano Wednesday afternoon. We came upon it somewhat suddenly
and were disappointed at its situation and its
apparent want of sublimity. The afternoon
was spent in visiting the sulphur banks and
in gathering berries, etc.
"The next morning (Thursday) early, we
descended into the crater, being accompanied
by the Rev. Mr. Coan who acted as our guide,
and Rev. C. S. Lyman. They, with their
attendants, made our number about forty.
This, thought I, would be a great sacrifice
to Pele (volcano) if we all should be swallowed
up in its agitated bowels. The descent is
very steep and is thought to be about 700 feet.
After gathering some specimens of lava near




79


the foot of the descent we started to go round
on the Black Ledge to the farther end where
it was comparatively in feeble action.
"Mr. Coan remarked 'that he never saw it
appear so tame.' He further said that the
entire centre of the volcano had risen up
several hundred feet, for it, with the boiling
lake, was now on a level with the Black Ledge.
We passed entirely around and returned on
the opposite or south side. Our scholars,
as well as ourselves, had read of Vesuvius,
Mount Hecla, and other volcanoes, but now
for the first time they saw such fearful
demonstrations of the fear of Him who
'toucheth the hills and they smoke.' All
our anticipations were now more than
realized. I trust our scholars were impressed
with the fact, that He who had touched this
hill had power to build a dismal abode for
His incorrigible enemies. A description of
this vast cauldron I will not attempt to give.
We returned late in the afternoon to the top
of the crater, amply rewarded for our tedious
day's walk.
" The distance walked must have been more
than ten miles. That night, as well as on the
other nights during our absence, we explained
the truth of the Scriptures that 'the sleep
of a laboring man is sweet.' We started
early on Friday morning to return, stopping
again at the half-way house over night, and
reached Hilo on Saturday at three o'clock P.M.
"The next day the Lord's house was filled




80


to overflowing with a congregation, both
solemn and attentive. At noon we visited
the Sabbath-school and were much pleased
with the attention and number of its scholars.
"In the afternoon the sacrament of the
Lord's Supper was administered by the Pastor
to his numerous flock. Here, for the first
time, did we see water substituted for wine
in this holy ordinance. Monday we visited
places of interest in the neighborhood of
Waiakea or Hilo, among which was the Rainbow falls. We visited also the interesting
Boys' Boarding School, under the charge of
Rev. D. D. Lyman.... We saw the scholars
in their school, in their rooms, and at their
work in the field. We heartily wished that
the time might be hastened when all the
youth of this people should enjoy such
privileges. That evening we attended the
monthly concert of prayer at the house of
Mr. Lyman. Tuesday we left Byron's Bay,
and sailed round to Kau. The following
day, at noon, we moored our schooner to the
rocks at the southern extremity of Hawaii.
Nine of us rode to the station of Rev. Mr.
Paris at Waiohinu, and spent one night. He
and his family were not at home; but we saw
pleasing evidence, both from his dwelling and
meeting-house, as well as from the road, that
some one had lived there, who had not been
idle. There we met our fellow-traveller, Rev.
C. B. Andrews, who had left us at the volcano
to come over to Waiohinu to spend the pre



8i


ceding Sabbath. Thursday morning we returned to the vessel and about noon sailed for
Kealakekua. Reaching there late in the
evening Mr. Andrews and I went ashore."
Mr. Cooke adds to the careful copy a line
indicating the occupation of Bernice, who at
all times and in countless ways, endeavored
to lighten the duties of her teachers. He
says:
"Miss Jane and Bernice made a Christmas
cake yesterday. The Queen called on us
to-day."
The children had begun reading Miss Strickland's Queens of England and that evening
was to be devoted to Matilda of Scotland,
wife of Henry I.
The following year appears to have been
uneventful, until the beginning of autumn
when the marriage of Jane Loeau occurred.
She was the daughter of Kalaniulumoku and
Liliha, was then nineteen years of age, and
had been one of the first pupils, the close
companion and intimate friend of Bernice.
Notwithstanding the auspicious beginning the
marriage proved unhappy. Jane left Honolulu and removed to Lahaina, and the intimacy between herself and Mrs. Bishop was
never renewed. The other pupils in the
6




82


school, especially Bernice, as the letter shows,
were busy with their accustomed tasks,
making excellent progress, contented and
happy.
From Mr. Amos Cooke to Miss Montague
"HONOLULU, OAHU, S. Is., September 18, I847.
"The night we received your package we
had a party and could not read the letters till
the next morning. Since then we have had a
wedding party. Jane Loeau (the bosom
friend of Bernice) was married on the second
inst. to a Mr. John R. Jasper. We made
quite a party, and had seventy-five present,
consisting of the King and Queen, chiefs,
privy council, ministers of state, consuls,
missionaries, and other foreigners. That very
evening we accompanied them to their house,
and we accompanied them with lanterns.
We were glad to show the remaining scholars
what we would do for them if they would continue to live with us and do well. Our family
now numbers only thirteen scholars....
For six months we have had no assistant and
our hands have been filled to overflowing....
It seems as if I never wanted to read so much
as now. J-[Mrs. Cooke] succeeds in getting
some of the scholars to read to her about two
hours daily, especially Bernice who has become a very good reader. She is now reading
the history of Egypt that you sent me, and




83
Prescott's 'Ferdinand and Isabella.'.
Bernice always takes a deep interest in our
little ones, and as she is so much what you
once were, we encourage them to call her
'Aunt Fanny.' Jane and Bernice were and
are as much attached to each other as sisters
could well be. We laugh at the latter
(Bernice) and say that she must be married
next. We greatly hope that Lot will so conduct himself, as to render himself worthy of
her. If not, we think she may marry Alexander, who is two years younger than she.
The latter is much the brighter of the two
boys. These three are in my first class
and are studying Philosophy, etc. Next
term they will study Thompson's Legendre,
Comstock's Chemistry, and perhaps resume
(Bailey's) Algebra."




CHAPTER XI


FINAL SCHOOL-DAYS.
From Mr. Gilman's Diary.
"Sept. - 1844.
"A beautiful evening ride brought me
to the most pleasant and attractive home
of Mr. and Mrs. Cooke. The living picture
of the interior was even more pleasing than
the beautiful landscape with the radiance
of a full moon. Gathered around the large
centre table were the children pursuing
their evening studies, or engaged in their work.
Mrs. Cooke acted very charmingly the mother
to the group, giving attention to their
various needs, whether it was a word explanatory about the lessons to the boys, or a
suggestion for thread and needle to the girls,
and occasionally stooping to the cradle by
her side that indicated the real motherhood.
The music on the table was a testimonial of
the harmony of the home."
The following is a letter written at Mrs.
Cooke's request to her sister, Miss Montague,
by Bernice, who was then fifteen years of age.
84




She had conceived a warm admiration for Miss
Montague through her correspondence with
Mrs. Cooke, parts of which Bernice was
allowed to read. The handwriting is remarkably elegant and clear-rather more legible
than that which she afterwards acquired.
"HONOLULU, Nov. 2nd, I847.
"DEAR MISS MONTAGUE:
" There is a ship to sail for the United States
to-morrow, and your sister, Mrs. Cooke, has
given me permission to write to you, being
unable to do so herself, owing to cares, etc.
It is with great pleasure that I avail myself
of this opportunity to commence a correspondence with you. Your sister has so
frequent and full letters that I feel confident
that I shall have an answer-quite as much
so as the milkmaid did of her green dress.
"I hardly know how to write to you, but
I suppose that if I write anything about Mrs.
Cooke and her family it will not come amiss.
Mr. Cooke has been confined to his room
with an abscess on his knee accompanied with
fever and headache so that he has not been
able to teach school as usual. He is better
now, but not entirely recovered. He has
just come in limping from school, is reclining
on the sofa near me. He looks as if he had
been sick for a fortnight. Boils have been
common for the last few months and most




86


everybody had them. Mrs. Cooke is about
starting for Punahou with Alexander for a
beau. We have a very gentle horse and
sometimes he comes into the court, and did
we not shut the doors he would enter into
some of our rooms. On one occasion he
passed through the sitting room into the
yard occupied by our teacher.
" Mary Annis is about a year old and she
can walk alone. She is a sweet baby-in
my opinion, she is the sweetest in the world.
She begins to talk very little, she can say
'papa and mama,' and she is so intelligentonce in a while she plays 'Hide and seek'
very pretty with me. I know you would give
a good deal just to give her a kiss. Joseph
is going to school to Punahou.... Your
sister's health is very good but her eyes
trouble her some. She hardly ever reads
two pages without being obliged to stop.
The barrel from Mrs. Whitney from Pittsfield has come, but your sister has not got
her things. She expects them yet. Martha
is standing by me and asking me to whom I
am writing. I told her to Aunt Fanny.
'Well,' she says, 'give my love to her and
to grandma and uncle Charles and Aunt
Harriet' and so she counts them all. She has
a very indefinite idea of America. She
1 Afterwards Mrs. Charles Turner, known in the musical world as Miss Annis Montagu, whose debut in opera
in New York is described in one of Mrs. Bishop's
letters which has been quoted.




87


wants to know what America is. She has
been inquiring of her mother to-day 'how
many Merikas there are?' Her mother told
her two-North and South. She wished to
know if 'our Merika, and Mrs. Dibble's Merika
was all!' "
At this point Mrs. Cooke began writing
and finished the letter. There is a striking
similarity in the handwriting of the teacher
and pupil.
"Miss Bernice," she explains, "has written
this letter to you at my request. She has
written in haste-the bell has rung and she
has gone to school so I close it and send it on
as the vessel will sail soon.
" She is a most lovely girl-lovely in feature,
form, and disposition. Extremely prudent,
seldom giving cause for any reproof. She
reads to me every day an hour. She is now
reading 'Coelebs in Search of a Wife.'
She has just finished the History of Egyptis very fond of reading, likes history and is
very well versed in it for a girl of her age-she
is fifteen-plays and sings well, paints prettily, works worsted, makes her own dresses,
is now studying chemistry and Euclid. I
generally allow her to peruse a part of your
letters which she considers a great privilege.
"I wish you could know her, you would
love her.   She is very agreeable in her
manners. Pray for her, dear Fanny, that




88


so many gifts may be consecrated to God
and the nation.
" In the greatest haste-or I would fill this
sheet. You will write to Bernice. I know
she will value a letter from you highly. Oh,
my sister, shall I never see you again?
"Farewell,
"JULIETTE."
Extract from Mr. Gilman's Diary
" I848 [no  fuller date].
"A most pleasing entertainment was offered by the King in a general invitation to
attend a luau at the palace to hear a Scotch
bagpiper with his pipes, in tartan clothes,
kilts, and stocking legs,-altogether a novelty
in Honolulu. The children of the school
were, of course, present as members of to
court circle and they entered into the spirit of
the evening with a zest that showed their
enjoyment of the release for awhile from
study hours to innocent recreation. Not
that they were deprived of this at the school
home, where all was done consistent with the
Christian principles of the servants of the
Board of Missions. Mr. and Mrs. Cooke
were ever alive to what would help in forming
character in those under their charge who
were destined to exert such important influence in the future of the Island Kingdom."
Mrs. J. M. Atherton, a daughter of Mrs.




89


Cooke, who is still living in Honolulu, has furnished some further reminiscences of Bernice's
sojourn there. She says that it was customary for Mr. and Mrs. Cooke to take the pupils
of the school to a place up Nuuanu Valley,
near Luakaha, for a holiday. The boys occupied one large room of the house there,
under Mr. Cooke's supervision, sleeping on
mats, while the girls, with Mrs. Cooke, occupied the other. Those were some of their
happiest days. On Saturday afternoons the
young men from Honolulu would ride up on
horseback and spend the evening, which was
devoted to singing and games; or the time was
spent out under the trees in the moonlight,
with conversation or music.
The young girls bathed in the stream nearby, afterwards gathering flowers and maile,
the fragrant vine still highly prized by the
Hawaiians, with which they decorated their
hair and throats. In all these pastimes
Bernice, now grown to womanhood, took an
active and leading part. She was very fond
of children, a characteristic which she never
lost, and which is shown from time to time
in her letters. She was devoted to Mrs.
Cooke's son Charles, who is now a prominent
business man in Honolulu. She voluntarily




90


took care of him much of the time. When a
small child he wore a scarlet dress and she
called him "her little red robin."
Amongst the young men who began to
visit the school was Mr. Charles R. Bishop.
He came of good New England stock, inheriting from his ancestry the intelligence,
industry, and perseverance that led to his
speedy promotion from a clerkship in the U.
S. Consulate to the post of Collector General
of Customs in Honolulu during the closing
years of the reign of Kamehameha III.
Mr. Bishop was born in Glenn's Falls, New
York, January 25, 1822. He lost his parents
when he was a child and he then went to live
with his grandfather Reed in Glenn's Falls.
Later he moved to Sandy Hill, a village not
far from Glenn's Falls. There he was employed as a clerk in the store of a Mr. Dewey
and made the acquaintance of William L. Lee
when he came home from college during
vacation. Mr. Dewey's wife was Mr. Lee's
sister, whose former husband was Mr. Bishop's
uncle, grandfather of Mr. F. E. Bishop of
Honolulu. This early choice of a friend was
significant-an indication of the care which he
exercised in the selection of his associates
throughout his life.




91


Mr. Bishop became dissatisfied with the
mercantile business, and with Mr. Lee arranged to go out to Oregon, which was then
becoming known as a promising field for
emigrants from the Eastern States. The two
embarked on the brigantine Henry and
after a long and hard voyage of about eight
months around Cape Horn, they put in at the
port of Honolulu, October 2, I846. Father
Damon, the seamen's chaplain, later connected with Oahu College in its beginning, and
Mr. Gorham D. Gilman came on board.
Then and there began a lasting friendship
between them. Mr. Gilman, as Mr. Bishop
recalls, knew the chiefs, young and old, and
many of the people. He was employed at
the time as a clerk in a retail store on the
corner of King and Fort streets. He felt a
deep and sincere interest in all Hawaiian
affairs, which he never lost. He corresponded with Mr. Bishop, and Mrs. Bishop
and he were also frank and confidential
correspondents to the end of her life, and he
was a faithful and obliging friend.
The brigantine needed repairs, the season
(November) was late for entering the Columbia River, and the residents of Honolulu
advised Mr. Lee and Mr. Bishop against




92


continuing their voyage earlier than the
following spring, if at all. Thus advised
they decided to remain. They made congenial acquaintances, and soon found that
their services were in demand on favorable
terms in desirable situations, and they were
pleased with the climate and the people.
Mr. Lee, who had studied law, came highly
recommended by eminent American jurists,
and soon won the confidence of the government. Later, he was made Chief Justice, a
position which he held until his death May
28, I857. To this life-long friend of Mr.
Bishop, Dr. Alexander has paid this fitting
tribute:
"To say that he was the right man in the
right place, gives but a faint idea of his
eminent services to the country. He organized the courts of justice and so conducted
the highest tribunal, that it soon acquired
universal confidence and respect, and instead of being a source of weakness became
the strongest pillar of the government."
Nor were Mr. Bishop's services less distinguished, surviving as they do to this day
in great educational institutions and in
generous endowments to the benevolent and




93


scientific work which is being carried on in
Honolulu in so many important fields.
It is remarkable that two such young men,
both destined to leave a salutary and lasting
impress upon the affairs of the nation, should
have arrived in Honolulu together, upon the
same vessel. Mr. Bishop ultimately resigned
his position as Collector of Customs to form
a partnership as a banker with Mr. W. A.
Aldrich. The firm of Bishop & Co., thus
established, was one of the stablest in the
islands, maintaining its reputation through all
the various changes that have occurred. It
is still in existence, enjoying the confidence
which it has held for so many years.
In that small community where people
become well known to each other, Mr.
Bishop, as it has been shown, was recognized,
from the first, as a young man of integrity and
of ability. It is not to be wondered at,
therefore, that both Mr. and Mrs. Cooke
regarded his marked interest in Bernice with
great satisfaction.




CHAPTER XII


THE MARRIAGE OF BERNICE.
IN the midst of increasing political difficulties, the town continued to improve.
Many luxuries were introduced into the
homes; horses and carriages were coming
into use, and relations with the outside world
were extended by the increasing number
of vessels and distinguished travellers that
visited the islands. Upon this point Mr.
Cooke wrote in I850:
"Honolulu never looked so green and
pleasant as now, and the [number of] trees
and their variety has increased very rapidly.
Our large plain of land is now covered with
vegetation and is laid out into lots."
The late Dr. Henry M. Lyman has also
given some account of the changes that had
taken place in Honolulu upon his return from
Hilo in 1848. A good many of its substantial
citizens had left the islands for the recently
discovered gold fields in California. The
places thus left vacant were filled by new
94




95


arrivals, who, as soon as they proved themselves worthy, were cordially welcomed.
"Prominent among the newcomers," Dr.
Lyman writes, "were two young men, who...had decided to cast in their lot with
the Hawaiians. One of them, Charles R.
Bishop, was now Collector of Customs at
the port of Honolulu,-a sober, discreet
young gentleman who subsequently married
a beautiful native princess, became very
wealthy and, in his later years, devoted
large sums of money to the promotion of
education and civilization among the islanders. The other was William    L. Lee, a
talented lawyer.... Arrived in Honolulu
these young men were invited to enter the
government service, one as the Collector of
the Port, the other as Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court." 
Amongst others, Mr. Bishop had been
received at the Royal School, participating
in the rides and other recreations permitted
under the friendly oversight of the teachers.
The place which he held in the regard of the
household in general, and in that of the young
princess especially, is pleasantly indicated
in the following letter from Mr. Amos Cooke
to his sister-in-law Miss Montague.
1 Hawaiian Yesterdays, by Dr. Henry M. Lyman,
chap. xiii. p. 187.




96


"HONOLULU, OAHU, S. Is., Feb. 25, 1850.
"Saturday night I wrote a hasty line to
C-but as it did not get off yesterday I have
thought I would fill another sheet to you.... Juliette' and Miss Bernice are engaged
in sewing and Mr. Bishop is reading to them
from the 'Life of Hannah More.' Probably
you are aware that Miss Bernice has an
admirer who calls every evening and probably
will till they have a home of their own. He
is a fine young man, and is Collector General
of Customs. We much prefer she should
take up with such a man as he, than with
either of the young princes now absent with
Dr. Judd in Europe."
(Later-no date).
"Mr. B —    has called again and commenced his reading, but alas! it is broken in
upon. I hear the voice of Mr. H —, formerly
editor of the Polynesian.... For all who call,
Bernice is obliged to grind out a few tunes on
the AEolian attachment, as an accompaniment to her singing. It is getting to be an
old story, especially to her, except when
Mr. B — is present. It is very apparent
that her thoughts and affections are centering
on him, and well they may, for he is in every
way worthy of her heart and hand. I hope
and pray that it may turn out to be a match
made in Heaven, and that Heaven's blessing


1 Mrs. Joseph Atherton of Honolulu.




97


may. ever attend them, both in this world
and in that which is to come."
At this point Mr. Cooke refers to the
marriage of Jane which had proved a great
disappointment to all her friends.
A change had been made in the management of the school, and Mr. and Mrs. Cooke
were in expectation of moving into a house
provided for them by the mission, then
occupied by Mr. E. O. Hall. Upon this
subject Mr. Cooke wrote:
"The Mission voted at the last meeting
that we might receive whatever might be
paid for the rent of Mr. Hall's house, provided
we were willing to forego the pleasure of removing for a season. We disliked to have
our scholars scattered so suddenly, and
consented to continue to reside with them a
part of another year. We continue now,
principally, for Bernice's sake. She is very
anxious to have us remain till she can have a
home of her own, and we have brought her
along so far that we cannot bear to leave her
until she is lodged in [other] hands."
Paki and Konia had set their hearts upon
the marriage of the Princess Bernice to one
or the other of the young Princes, her schoolmates, Alexander Liholiho, afterwards Kame7




98


hameha IV., or to Prince Lot, his successor,
who has passed into history as Kamehameha
V. This, at first, had also been anticipated
by her teachers, as will be recalled. There
is every reason to believe that an actual offer
was made by both Princes, Alexander and
Lot, which Bernice declined. The ambition
of the parents was natural. The young
Princess had been endowed by nature with
every trait that would have eminently fitted
her for the exalted position which it was
hoped and believed she might be induced to
accept; great prudence, a highly cultivated
mind, with irresistible grace and charm that
made a lasting impression upon all who met
her, even for a short time. But she, herself,
decided otherwise. She made her own choice,
uninfluenced,-a decision that was abundantly justified throughout her entire after
life. The two Princes, who are known to
have had a strong affection for Bernice,
were taken to England by way of the United
States, on a diplomatic mission, by Dr. Judd,
in I849, the result of which was the negotiation of a new and liberal treaty with Great
Britain, concluded July Io, I851. They also
spent ten weeks in Paris, seeing much of the
official life of that brilliant capital, after




99


which they returned to England. There, Dr.
Alexander states, "the young princes were
treated with the utmost hospitality and
courtesy, and enjoyed glimpses of the aristocratic society of London." He adds, "the
princes were much improved by their foreign
tour and made a very favorable impression
abroad." 
In the meantime, Paki began to suspect
his daughter's growing attachment for Mr.
Bishop, rumors of his frequent visits to the
Royal School having reached him. For
some reason he also surmised that the Rev.
Richard   Armstrong, 2  then  holding  the
important position of Minister of Public Instruction, was also interested in the matter.
Mr. Armstrong was high in favor with the
King-Kamehameha III.-and held the position mentioned for many years, writing and
translating into the Hawaiian language many
text-books used in the native schools. Paki
endeavored to secure from him a promise
that, in case Bernice persisted in marrying
1 Brief History of the Hawaiian People, by W. D.
Alexander, chap. xxxii., pp. 269-70.
2 Rev. Richard Armstrong was the father of General
S. C. Armstrong, a distinguished soldier in the Civil
War, founder of Hampton Institute, at Hampton, Va.the pioneer institution for the education of negroes of
both sexes-especially in skilled manual training.




I00


Mr. Bishop, he would not perform the
ceremony. Mr. Armstrong, honestly believing, through his knowledge of their
character, that such a marriage must result
in the happiness and prosperity of both
husband and wife, declined to bind himself
by any promise whatsoever.
This frankness and fearlessness no one could
have respected more than Paki, and the
intimations of a future reckoning went no
further. Bernice was now eighteen and Mr.
Bishop twenty-eight years of age. The
marriage took place June 4, I850, in the
parlor of the Royal School, but few persons
being present besides Mr. and Mrs. Cooke,
and Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong.  Mrs. PrattElizabeth Kekaniau-was one of the few
witnesses, who is still living in Honolulu,
and Mrs. Bush, also a resident of the same
place, recall the beauty of the young bride,
who wore a gown of white muslin with a
wreath of jasmine.




MRS. BISHOP ABOUT 1854.








CHAPTER XIII


SUBSEQUENT EVENTS.
IMMEDIATELY after their marriage, Mr.
and Mrs. Bishop spent several weeks on
Kauai, then returned to Honolulu and lived
for some months with the family of Judge
Andrews in Nuuanu Valley. A small house,
meanwhile, was being built for their occupancy on land belonging to Mr. Bishop near
the old theatre, the site of which is now
occupied by the Masonic Temple. While
occupying this house, they boarded with
Mr. John Ladd, whose residence stood on
the site now occupied by the Hawaiian
Hotel.
The two Princes returned from Europe
with Dr. Judd, September 9, I850, three
months after Mrs. Bishop's marriage. Prince
Alexander, Kamehameha IV., six years later
married Emma Rooke, a granddaughter of
John Young, who was adopted by Dr. Rooke,
an English physician of much ability and
culture,-her uncle by marriage. She, also,
Io0




102


was a pupil in the Royal School. Kamehameha IV. was a man of great natural gifts,
of princely bearing, of courtly manners, and
decided talent. He died at the early age of
twenty-nine, having reigned but nine years.
Prince Lot, Kamehameha V., never married.
He also reigned but nine years, dying of
dropsy at the age of forty-three. The chief
events of his reign were the promulgation
of a new constitution in 1864, which remained
in force for twenty-three years, the abolition
of the office of Kuhina nui, the segregation of
lepers, and the institution of a Board of
Education for the kingdom.
Paki remained obdurate for some little
time after Mrs. Bishop's marriage, but his
deep natural affection for her at length prevailed. Mrs. Rice has related a very interesting incident which was the beginning of a
reconciliation. He had built the fine residence "Haleakala," intended for his daughter,
afterwards known as the Arlington Hotel,
and which, during the political troubles of
I893, was occupied by the U. S. Marines, by
whom it was called "Camp Boston." This
residence was well furnished and surrounded
by handsome gardens, the place, in all its
appointments, meeting the requirements of




I03


its owner as the fitting home of a chief of
high rank, and which was much improved
later by Mr. Bishop. Paki at length, unable
to endure the separation any longer, went to
the small house in Alakea Street, and the
breach between the father and daughter was
healed. Mrs. Rice relates that he looked
about the rooms very sadly, tastefully
furnished though they were and kept with
the exquisite orderliness which characterized
the young wife's surroundings under all
circumstances.
"Had you remained with me," he said,
"I would have given you a fine, large house."
He went away and sent her, as a gift, a
great mirror for which it was difficult to
find a place in the modest rooms. It was
finally fitted with some difficulty into a
corner.
While Paki was a man ordinarily holding
firmly to his opinions and prejudices he had
learned enough of Mr. Bishop's tastes and
character to realize how fully in sympathy
were the young wife and husband. This,
with the respect and confidence which Mr.
Bishop commanded amongst the best element
in the Islands, was an assurance that the
happiness of his daughter was in safe keeping.




I04
That the outcome of her marriage should
have resulted in enduring and far-reaching
good for the Hawaiian people,-far greater
than she could ever have achieved even as the
consort of the King,-neither Paki nor Konia
could have anticipated, great as was their
intelligence. As time passed and the moral
worth of Mr. Bishop was still more fully
realized, there were no further regrets on the
part of either parent; the reconciliation was
complete and lasting. In the course of time
Mr. and Mrs. Bishop were induced to take up
their abode at "Haleakala," which, with other
property, became hers as an inheritance from
Paki. This charming home, which immediately became the centre of all that was best,
most cultivated, and refined in Hawaiian
social life, has been graphically described by
a cousin of Mr. Bishop, Mrs. Allen, who
arrived in Honolulu in I864 from California,
on a visit. It may be said that a warm and
enduring friendship was formed at that time
between the two, which continued unbroken
during the lifetime of Mrs. Bishop. Of
" Haleakala," as the house was called, and
its picturesque life Mrs. Allen wrote:


"At that time her home was the most




HA   A EK ALA.








105


beautiful in Honolulu, the house large and
pleasant, the grounds full of beautiful trees,
shrubs, and vines and so well cared-for. I
shall never forget my first night's rest in the
home, and the satisfaction of waking in such
pleasant surroundings. There were peculiar
noises that I could not account for, but
listened for awhile, trying to make them out,
until my curiosity was thoroughly aroused
and I stepped out on the veranda to find
that one was the cooing of the ring-dove, the
other the scratching on the black sand by a
number of old native women, who were
sweeping the walks with brooms made from
the stems of the cocoanut leaves. At that
time there were at each end of the premises
large yards with long low buildings on two
sides, which were divided into rooms and
occupied by numerous families attached to
her as their chiefess to whom they looked for
counsel in all their affairs-joys and sorrows.
I was always interested to see her out under
a large tamarind tree1 surrounded by her
people, many of whom had come in from the
country to advise with her. She would sit
for hours with the utmost patience listening
to them."
Soon after her arrival Mrs. Allen accompanied Mr. and Mrs. Bishop on a trip to the


I The tamarind tree was that planted on the day of
her birth.




Io6


volcano which she has also described most
interestingly as follows:
"Almost immediately after I arrived,
preparations were begun for the trip, and in
a week or two we left on the old steamer
Kilauea. They had aranged to take with
them a man and woman, but Kalunal was
so grieved that he was to be left at home that
he really shed tears, and was finally allowed
to go; a happy thing for us all, for he was very
useful and most amusing with his droll ways.
It was at such times that Mrs. Bishop
showed her thoughtfulness in not taking so
many people with her on her excursions
around the islands as to be a burden to
the people where she stopped, though they
seemed delighted to serve her.
"Our voyage, lying seasick on the deck,
with only a very thin mattress for a bed, will
never be forgotten. We landed at Kawaihae,
where we took horses for Mr. Parker's place
at Mana. It was my second ride on horseback and twenty miles was a pretty long
and tiresome one, and I reached there aching
in every part of my body,-could just tumble
off my horse and get to bed as quickly as
possible. The next morning Mrs. Bishop
came to my room bringing an old native
woman skilful in lomi-lomi to practise on me,
but I was so sore that I was not sure if the


IKaluna was an old servant employed for many
years at the bank by Mr. Bishop.




107


remedy were not worse than the disease at the
time, though the result was excellent. We
had a most delightful visit at Mr. Parker's
(the grandfather of Col. Samuel Parker),
who was a venerable man and his home
patriarchal. It was a little village of people
who lived with him as one family, and all
looked to him as their father. At six o'clock
every evening a bell rang to call the people
together for prayers, a native having charge
of the service. It was most interesting and
impressive. It pleased me to see how much
interested the natives were in Mrs. Bishop,
as I imagine they were in all their aliis, but
she had not been on that island since she was
a child, and they were curious as well as loyal,
and she thoroughly enjoyed the life among
them. While there we made an excursion
to Waipio Valley, and we all enjoyed the
wonderful scenery, incidentally attending a
Sunday-school celebration; her presence
giving additional interest to the occasion.
After a few days we went on to Hilo, and Mr.
and Mrs. Bishop and her servants occupied
the largest grass house I ever saw, which
belonged to the Princess Ruth Keelikolani.
It was divided into rooms by curtains and
was altogether interesting. The people of
Hilo, both native and foreign, showed her
much attention, making her visit, as well
as ours, most delightful. I remember, with
much gratitude and pleasure, the hospitality
of the fathers and mothers, Lyman, Coan, and




1o8


Wetmore, who have long since passed away.
From Hilo we went through Puna, to the
volcano, stopping one of the nights on the
way where there was a camp of people who
were gathering pulu [wool from the tree-fern]
for beds. Some speculative person had gone
to California advertising it as possessing all
sorts of health-giving properties, as well
as being durable and repellent to fleas. It
was for a time quite an industry but afterwards proved to be unprofitable. There
was no Volcano House in those days, only a
rough shed for shelter and a platform built
upon one side, where, with a pillow and
blanket, one could try to sleep. For the use
of Mrs. Bishop the natives brought one of
those pulu beds, which, with a mosquito net,
made her comparatively comfortable. The
same served our whole party on another
occasion, when we were detained at a native
house and had to sleep on the mats together,
our heads only being covered with the net.
"The volcano was very active and we
stayed in the crater one night until ten
o'clock, we were so fascinated with its wonderful demonstrations. There was an old
broken stove on which we made coffee and
picnicked from our box of stores for our meals
while there. From the volcano we went
across the country to Kealakekua Bay with
various experiences on the way. At one
place, after a long morning's ride, we stopped




Io0


at a nice native house, and as we were all
very tired, we threw ourselves on the mats
and Mrs. Bishop went to sleep. It was all
too new and interesting to me to sleep, so I
watched the people as they came, one by one,
into the room until it was crowded. Each
took a peep at her as they came in and then
squatted down on the floor, and talked in a
low tone. After a little she woke with a
surprised look at the people, who all greeted
her with a hearty 'aloha.'
" It was a tiresome ride for a haole to Kealakekua Bay and we were glad to see our
stopping place in the distance,-a pretty
grass house on the beach. Very soon we saw
natives, who were evidently on the lookout
for us, coming to meet us, and presently
there was a most startling shriek and I asked
what it was. Mrs. Bishop answered:
"'Oh, that is my grandmother wailing.'
"' But,' I said, 'I thought they wailed only
for the dead.'
"She explained that they wailed also for
joy, and this was a greeting to her. While
there we made an excursion to Cook's
monument which was on the opposite side of
the bay. We were to go in canoes. We
were all standing on the beach, I wondering
how we were to get to the canoes, which
were some distance out in the water, which
was very shallow there, when Mrs. Bishop
said to me:




IIO
"' You will go first,' and a large native man
caught me up in his arms and put me in the
canoe before I could think what had happened, Mrs. Bishop and the others laughing
heartily at the joke and my surprise."




HON. C. R. BISHOP.


NIt
1j/ c )








CHAPTER XIV


HOME LIFE.
MRS. BISHOP'S school training, as will be
recalled, was not confined to her textbooks. Under Mrs. Cooke's careful instruction she had acquired a thorough knowledge
of domestic science, needlework, and cookery.
There was no detail of her housekeeping
which she did not personally supervise and
which did not show evidences of that early
training. She cut, fitted, and made all kinds
of garments, and in one letter, not included
in those selected for publication, she gave
an order for fine laces and linen which she
wished to have made up under her personal
direction, expressing her unflattering opinion
of "ready-made clothing," which had just
come into vogue. At another time she
wanted the pattern of a mantle which she
cut and made, being greatly pleased with the
entire success of the experiment. She was
always suitably and becomingly dressed,
having the cultivated taste of a gentlewoman
III




112


in such matters. But her economies were
also exercised in this direction, rather than
at the sacrifice of any of the many beneficiaries to whom she was an ever-present
and unfailing providence. A friend who
knew her well recalled a characteristic incident. A new gown to which she had given
much thought was to be elaborately trimmed
with lace. Two pieces were sent for her
approval, one being much finer than the
other. She compared them carefully, preferring the better piece, as was natural. But
she cheerfully put it aside remarking that
" while it was very beautiful and she would like
to have it, yet she could not conscientiously
spend so much upon her dress when money
was required for other and more important
things."
She never lost her regard for her old
teachers and their friends. Mrs. Rice during
these early housekeeping days was teaching
at Punahou,-a long walk across the then
dusty and shadeless plain. That was also
long before the days of restaurants into
which one may drop nowadays for the sustaining cup of coffee. Mrs. Bishop urged
Mrs. Rice whenever her errands brought her
down-town to come to her house, without any




I13


formality, for her luncheon. Often, though
she then had a staff of efficient servants, she
met her guest at the door, admitting her
herself, rather than keep her waiting, for she
never lost the ability acquired early in life
to do whatever might be required with readiness and courtesy, considering it no loss of
dignity.
For a short time after she moved to " Haleakala," for her own amusement, she continued
to teach a few favorite pupils on the pianoforte,-as she had done during the last years
spent at the Royal School. One of those
thus favored recalled recently the pleasure
as well as benefit she derived from the
lessons; Mrs. Bishop's patience and sweetness,
and her great natural capabilities as a teacher.
"A friend and myself," she said, "always
took our lessons on Saturday morning and
she then kept us to luncheon. We were
always highly gratified at this, and she took
as much pains to entertain us as though we
had been grown."
She had always the faculty of entertaining
and endearing herself to children, which
may be gathered from what she has written
of the family of her teacher. She had none
of the arrogance one sometimes sees among
8




II4


Hawaiians of high rank. Her manners were
always affable and courteous to the humblest
and the greatest, equally.
Her love of flowers, almost a passion with
the Hawaiians, was gratified in the large, fine
gardens of " Haleakala." She had what has
been called "a growing hand," and with intelligent and loving care coaxed drooping plants
and shrubs into luxuriant leaf and blossom.
She took delight in sending gifts of plants and
flowers of her own raising to her friends and
neighbors. Although she had well-trained
gardeners, those who dropped in of mornings
informally often found her not only directing
them, but working herself, with trowel and
pruning shears, in the beds and borders.
Her regard for her dependents has been
already described by her cousin. It was that
of the true alii. She provided for their needs,
comforted them in their trials and sorrows.
None was too humble to claim her protection.
She was regarded as the source from which,
by right, all that they required was forthcoming. From her stores, when necessary,
were provided clothing for the new-born
child, the wedding garments for the bride,
and the shroud for the dead. But her benefactions were not confined to mere giving;




115


with this she rendered the service that had
to be made at a sacrifice of time and of her
personal convenience. She was found often
in the homes of the poor where there were
sorrow and sickness. She relieved their
physical necessities, comforting and encouraging them with her cheerfulness, and
the courageousness that inspired them to be
content with life, to accept its burdens
patiently, and to look hopefully toward the
future, both in this life and in that to come.
Her pastor, once suddenly called in the night
to the home of a poor woman lying at the
point of death, found Mrs. Bishop there before him, preparing food that might tempt
the failing appetite of the sufferer.
But with her readiness to minister to distress, in whatever guise it presented itself,
she also loved greatly the bright and attractive things of life. Her house, as has
been said, became the centre of all that was
best in the social life of the Islands. She
made the stranger welcome. The fame of
her grace and dignity as a hostess, which was
enjoyed by the officers of the war vessels
which called at Honolulu, spread far and
wide. She was known to the officers of the
American, British, and German navies, men




who, through the exigencies of their profession, become sticklers for etiquette, and rigid
critics of all that pertains to the art of
entertaining.
For some years she adhered to many picturesque Hawaiian customs, which added,
in the eyes of the stranger, to the charm and
novelty of her entertainments.
Mrs. Weaver, the daughter of Rev. R.
Armstrong, then a young girl, was once
invited to a dinner which she gave in honor of
Horace Mann, a son of the eminent American
educator, who spent a year studying the
flora and fauna of the Islands, and Dr. W. T.
Brigham, now Director of the Bernice Pauahi
Museum   in  Honolulu.  Many  Hawaiian
dishes, especially the delicious fish from her
own ponds, were served. There were leis of
fragrant flowers and maile, and an attendant,
waving a kahili, stood at each corner of the
table. The hostess was in a brilliant mood,
conversing delightfully with her guests.
She took an active part in the Amateur
Musical Society of Honolulu, and for many
years was a member of its executive committee. She had a very sweet and welltrained contralto voice, and many rehearsals
and musicales were held in the drawing-room




GARDEN AT HALEAKALA.








I17


at " Haleakala." It was also a favorite meeting place for the Women's Sewing Society of
the Fort Street Church, although Mrs. Bishop
united with the Kawaiahao Church. But
she delighted to gather her friends about her,
irrespective of the lines commonly drawn
which so often divide communities into
narrow and selfish cliques. The meetings
held at her house resembled gay parties, to
which gentlemen came to the substantial
supper that was served; the evening, afterwards, being devoted to music or conversation. Mrs. Bishop was vice-president of the
Stranger's Friend Society, organized in I852
for the relief of destitute persons, or those
temporarily in need of assistance, who found
themselves adrift in Honolulu. It has made
from the beginning an excellent record, and
Mrs. Bishop as vice-president interested
herself in the society with her usual energy
and enthusiasm.   Its meetings also were
frequently held at "Haleakala," the ladies
spending the afternoon, bringing their sewing,
in the pleasant custom of that time, the
gentlemen coming after business hours for
supper, remaining for the evening. Many
passing travellers were also asked to the meeting,-invitations that were seldom refused.




II8


Amongst many such interesting companies
of guests thus received, were the members
of the first Japanese Embassy which passed
through Honolulu on their way to Washington. As they took their leave, greatly
pleased with the welcome that had been
extended them, they presented little gifts to
Mrs. Bishop and a few of her friends. A
Reading Circle was also formed which met
at " Haleakala" at which the plays of Shakespeare and other standard works were read,
and which the King and Queen, the British
Commissioner, and many prominent people
of Honolulu attended. She also entertained
the distinguished officers of the Austrian ship
Donau, by some of whom she was entertained
in turn when she visited Europe, six years
afterwards. They did not soon forget either
the hostess or her charming house.  The
ship arrived in port on the 2oth of May, I869,
thirty-seven days out from Yokohama, her
salute being returned by the government
battery then crowning the heights of
Punchbowl. On board the vessel were members of the Imperial Legation, Contre Admiral Baron von Petz, Envoy Entraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary, with his suite,
and the Captain Chevalier von Wiflinger




II9


with his officers. Mr. and Mrs. Bishop gave
a ball and supper in their honor, which was
attended by King Kamehameha V. and his
staff, and they were present at the many
entertainments given the Austrian officers
while in Honolulu.
Upon their arrival in Trieste in 1876, Mr.
and Mrs. Bishop were entertained at the
home of Baron von Petz and presented to
his wife. They were also given letters to
their friends in Naples and elsewhere, which
led to the promotion of pleasant acquaintances, thus giving them an insight into the
private life of distinguished people in the
European capitals not accessible to the ordinary traveller.
Still another interesting visit was that of
the Duke of Edinburgh who arrived in Honolulu July 21, I869, in command of the British
frigate Galatea en route from Tahiti to the
East. He remained in Honolulu twelve
days, a house, known still as " the Duke of
Edinburgh's house," being placed at his disposal while ashore. He was entertained with
the usual round of dinners, balls, and luaus;
the latter pleased him especially because of
their novelty. He returned all this hospitality, entertaining on board his ship and at




120


"Edinburgh House" which the King had
furnished comfortably for his convenience.
After the departure of the English prince,
the King presented Mrs. Bishop, as a souvenir
of the visit, the silver tea service that had
been a part of the table appointments which
he had provided.
While many of Mrs. Bishop's warmest
friends belonged to the Fort Street Church,
after marriage she united with the old, historical native church-Kawaiahao. She was
received into its communion July 9, 1867,
and was thereafter a steadfast and faithful
member, aiding the pastor both by her personal work and her generous contributions,
the liberality of which was known only to
him. She also taught in the Sunday-school
and when she sailed for Europe the class was
left in the care of the older pupils that it
might not disband in her absence.
A memorial tablet has been set into the
wall above the pew which she and her parents
occupied.




CHAPTER XV


OTHER REMINISCENCES.
IN her marriage the same influences that had
shaped the mind and character of the
young wife continued. In her husband she
found perfect intellectual companionship;
she shared his liking for good books, for all
the means of culture that were brought within
their reach, and above all a regard and liking
for the society of cultured and well-bred
people. Honolulu since the founding of the
Royal School had been more and more frequently visited by the ships of the navies
of Europe and the United States. To the
officers, brilliant and polished men of the
world, Mrs. Bishop, a member of the court
circle by right of birth, adorning it by her
moral worth, her education and accomplishments, as has been shown, was a memorable
hostess. She also received the diplomatic
and scientific commissioners, sent out to the
Islands by their respective governments, or
by the learned associations which they
121




122


represented, and their families, while they
were living in Honolulu.
Under these circumstances it is not surprising that her thoughts should have dwelt
much, even at that early date, upon the advancement of her people. A friend near and
dear to both husband and wife has said of
the early years of her married life:
"Fond of a quiet life and seeking it in its
domesticity, her husband was enabled to
complete the studies which engaged his wife's
attention in the school. He showed great
care in her choice of reading and development
of character, and in those formative years
was undoubtedly laid a large growth of the
principles, which dominated her life; the
strong desire for the uplifting of her own
people, and especially that of the rising
generation of a new government. Her reading was shaped by the best selection of
authors,-not altogether given to the novel,
but books on government, books on the
development of nations, etc. These were
among her studies which prepared her for
her broader life."
Amongst other brilliant social events in
which Mrs. Bishop participated were the
entertainments given in honor of Prince
Henry, the younger brother of the Emperor




123


William of Germany, then a lad of seventeen
years of age, who visited Honolulu in the
man-of-war Prince Adelbert. The ship arrived Saturday April 19, 1879, from Acapulco, on a voyage around the globe. A
royal salute was fired and official visits were
paid as soon as the vessel was at the berth.
Captain McLean, with the young Prince, went
ashore to pay a visit of ceremony to the King
at the palace, by whom they were hospitably
received. After the presentation to the King
they were received by the Heir Apparent,
the Princess Liliuokalani, Mrs. Bishop taking
precedence in the presentations that followed.
Many arrangements were made for elaborate entertainments which were brought
to an abrupt termination by the arrival of
the City of Sydney from San Francisco, bringing news of the death of a young brother of
Prince Henry in Berlin, March 27th.
The following extract from a letter written
by Mrs. Cooke to her aunt, Mrs. Smith, gives
a pleasant picture of Mrs. Bishop at home,
on less formal occasions.
"HONOLULU, March 21, 1873.
"I have been out to lunch to-day with the
Princess Bernice (Mrs. C. R. Bishop). She
had a party of sixteen and we had a splendid




124


time. She lives in an elegant large house,
with quite extensive grounds-for the city.
The flowers and plants almost filled the house,
many of which are rare and beautiful. The
house is magnificently furnished and exceedingly well kept-grounds and all. The
parlor furniture was rosewood upholstered
in cuir colored silk with gold colored flowers. The lace curtains were a kind of Cluny
lace. The parlor is larger than the ground
plan of your house. Everything was on the
same scale of elegance. His Excellency, Mr.
Bishop, and Chief Justice Allen were with us
at lunch.... We had a very agreeable time,
very social and not wanting in merry sallies
of pleasantry. Mrs. Bishop sent the carriage
for me.... I came home about four o'clock."
Mrs. Bishop continued her close relations
with her teacher as long as she lived, continuing to consult her on all manner of
questions where her sound practical ideas
were of the greatest value.
A daughter of Mrs. Cooke, then a young
child, recalling one of her visits, said:
"I was a small child and had been sent on
some errand. I was barefooted and wore a
little gingham dress. Mrs. Bishop drove up
in her beautiful carriage with a pair of fine
horses, and I admired both the Princess and
equipage, as any child would have done. As




125


she was about to drive away she noticed that
I, too, was about to leave and she said with
her quick insight into the minds of children,
in her sweet voice: 'Come, get into the carriage
and I will drive you home.' I was overcome
with the splendor of sitting beside Mrs.
Bishop and driving in her fine carriage
behind the prancing horses, while she talked
to me in the pleasant manner she always
showed toward children."
Her courage, both moral and physical, was
worthy a descendant of Kamehameha. No
fears for her own safety would ever have
prompted her to refuse help to those who
required aid, however perilous such relief
might have been to herself. There are those
still living who were present when she unhesitatingly rescued two friends from drowning. The party was picnicking in Nuuanu
Valley, above the waterfall at Luakaha,
beside the stream where there were several
deep pools. One of their number was
ambitious to swim well, and, rather inexperienced, plunged in beyond her depth.
She seized a companion who came to her aid
and both sank. Mrs. Bishop, who was upon
the bank, called to a friend to lie down upon
the stones and extend her feet. This was
done, and holding to the support thus




126


furnished, Mrs. Bishop waded out as far as
she dared, stretched out her hands, and
brought in both the drowning women.
In April, i866, Mrs. Bishop, visited the
United States for the first time with her
husband, who had lived in Honolulu uninterruptedly for twenty years. The voyage was
made in a steamship, the first that had
sailed from Honolulu. They were the
guests of Mr. Bishop's relatives in the country,
and during their stay in California saw the
grove of Sequoia gigantea in Calaveras County, the Geysers, and other places of interest.
They returned to Honolulu in a sailing
vessel that had been chartered to carry
Anson Burlingame, afterwards the Chinese
Ambassador to Russia, his family and suite, to
China. Mr. Van Valkenberg, Minister to
Japan, and his suite were also passengers.
The vessel remained a week in the port of
Honolulu, and both gentlemen were entertained by Mr. and Mrs. Bishop at " Haleakala."
In 1871 Mr. and Mrs. Bishop went to the
coast again and visited Washington, Mt.
Vernon, Baltimore, New York, and Boston.
In Baltimore they called on Mrs. Stockbridge,
formerly Miss Montague, the sister of Mrs.




127


Cooke, to whom her letters in the preceding
pages were addressed. A special visit was
paid to Mr. Bishop's old home in New York.
Niagara Falls, Montreal, and Quebec were
also included in their itinerary. During the
visit in Washington they renewed their
acquaintance with Admiral and Mrs. Reynolds. Admiral Reynolds when a lieutenant
in the navy was invalided for several years,
came out to the Islands, and resided on
Kauai. The acquaintance with Mr. and Mrs.
Bishop in Honolulu was the beginning of a
lasting friendship.
Other relatives, naval officers, and old
friends whom they had known in the Islands
were seen during their stay in various places
which they visited.
Two incidents of her travels in the United
States have been furnished by her cousin.
During the journey across the continent she
saw, for the first time, the forest trees of
America along one of the great railway lines,
in all the brilliancy of their autumn tints.
With her love of nature, she was charmed
with their beauty and she said to her
husband:
"Oh, why did you never tell me of this?"
He explained that it was something which




128


could not be described, because there was no
parallel to it in her own country.
The other reminiscence is an incident of
the same journey. On the train an English
gentleman fell into conversation with Mrs.
Bishop and asked where she lived. She
replied:
"In the Hawaiian Islands."
He said: "Oh, that was where they killed
Captain Cook."
"Yes," she replied, "we killed him but we
did not eat him."
Another amusing incident was recalled of a
visit paid to the Indian reservation at Old
Town, not far from Bangor, Maine, where they
were visiting relatives of Mrs. Allen. They
were a picnic party and the chief invited
them to come into his grounds and eat their
luncheon under a large elm tree there. He
was much interested in Mrs. Bishop, and after
a little while he approached her and said:
"What tribe you?"
She laughed and said: "I am not an
Indian."
She then talked to him in Hawaiian and
he shook his head.
"No you are not an Indian, but," he
asked, "where is your country?"




129
She tried to tell him, and then went into the
house and there pointed out the Hawaiian
Islands upon the map. When he asked
what kind of a government they had in the
Islands, and she said "a King," he replied:
"Now me speech a little. I think a King
no good, for if he is bad you have him as long
as he lives; but if you have a bad President,
in four years you can get another." This
greatly amused Mrs. Bishop and her party.




CHAPTER XVI


CORRESPONDENCE.
THE letters, which are all of any importance that survived the fire following
the San Francisco earthquake in 1906, give a
comprehensive knowledge of Mrs. Bishop's
life from  the beginning of 1875 to the
period immediately preceding her death in
1884. They indicate her keen enjoyment in
affairs; her zest in simple, wholesome pleasures, in the society of her friends; her unflagging regard for her domestic and social
responsibilities.
They show, too, how much she derived
from her European travels, especially the
opportunities offered her to hear good music,
which were never neglected.  Most of the
letters preserved were written to her husband's cousin, Mrs. Allen, of Honolulu, whose
impressions of "Haleakala" have been given
in the preceding pages.
The sudden return of the King mentioned
in the following letter was from a diplomatic
130




I3I


mission to Washington which resulted, six
months later, in the ratification of the
Reciprocity Treaty between Hawaii and the
United States-the beginning of a new era
in prosperity for the Islands. The King was
welcomed by a hookupu in the palace grounds
-the native custom of presenting gifts
reserved for the sovereign and guests of high
official eminence,-and by a ball at which
the Quadrille of Honor was arranged as
follows: "King Kalakaua and Mrs. Ballieu
(wife of the French Commissioner); Admiral
Almy, U. S. N., and Mrs. Bishop; his Excellency the U. S. Minister Resident and
Queen Kapiolani; M. Ballieu, the French
Commissioner, and the Princess Liliuokalani
Dominis; H. R. H. Prince Leleiohoku and
Mrs. W. L. Green; Mr. Wodehouse, H. B. M.
Commissioner, and Princess Miriam Cleghorn;
Captain Gherardi, U. S. N., and Mrs. W. F.
Allen; Commander Anson, R. N., and Mrs. P.
C. Jones; Captain Skerrett, U. S. N., and Mrs.
Haines; Captain Erben, U. S. N., and Mrs.
W. C. Parke. Of this distinguished company many have since died. Captain Gherardi
and Captain Skerrett rose afterwards to the
rank of Rear-Admiral in the United States
Navy.




132


"' HALEAKALA,' Feb. i6, T875.
"DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
"The King's return yesterday surprised
us very much, although I was told the
evening before at the Governor's ball that
there was a possibility of their returning this
trip, but took it as a false report, and thought
no more of it until we were startled by
the guns while at breakfast. I presume the
German officers, however, are delighted, as
they have been anxious to see him. The
Glades gave a very nice party for them (the
Germans) at the hotel. It was quite selectmostly dancing ladies, and it was highly
amusing to see the complete contrast in the
style of dancing, between the Americans and
Germans; the one dancing on a space about
as big as a dime, the other flying in a most
frantic manner across and around the room.
Their partners looked, as a gentleman expressed it, as if they were flying across the
room in a balloon.
"Nevertheless, it was a gay and lively
party-more so than any I have attended
for a long, long time. We are invited to
meet them (the officers) at 'the little doctor's'
to-morrow evening. I am so glad you are
coming back this week as our time for departure is very near. I have much to do. Oh
dear! My heart misgives me, sometimes
when I think of going away, perhaps
never to return. Love to the Severances




133


and the Ballieus-and lots to yourself, and
husband"I am yours affectionately,
"BERNICE."
"SAN FRANCISCO, June 7, 1875.
"Before I go on with other subjects, I must
say something in regard to the very great
surprise you all gave us when, on the morning
of Friday last, the Captain brought us your
remembrances and gifts for our silver wedding
day, and such gifts! It nearly took my
breath away. I had not the faintest idea
what you were up to, and it explained one or
two things that seemed rather queer. Still,
it never occurred to me that it might have
some connection with the day, for I had
forgotten it myself. At all events, allow us
to thank you all, dear, dear friends and relations for this, another proof of your love and
attachment, and we will try and be worthy
of it. I shall write to all-if only a few lines,
who so kindly remembered us. Did you
know what the King gave me? The ribbon
of the Order of Kalakaua. Was it not good
of him? I appreciate highly this proof of his
esteem. We shall send back in charge of
Captain Brown the presents to your care
while we are absent, with the exception of
the ribbon, the silver purse and fruit knife
from John Paty; these we will take with
us.
"And now about the voyage; we were




134


sick nearly all the way over. It was rough
and it was only within two days of our
arrival that we had calm weather. We
arrived last evening-just eight days from
Honolulu-and found E    and Willie B
at the wharf waiting for us. He drove us
straight here to his house, and S  gave
us a very warm welcome, put us in the best
room, and gave us the best of everything.
They have a fine house, a little far out
of town-the only objection-which commands a fine view of the city. The whole
house is nicely furnished, and there is an air
of elegance about the establishment that
speaks well for the mistress of it; and, indeed,
she seems to be an exceedingly nice person,well-mannered, kind hearted, amiable, and
good looking. Her pictures do not do her
justice....Since I wrote the foregoing we have been up the country where
we left Bernice 1 with her parents, and have
only just returned, tired and dusty, as you
may imagine.. 
"I hardly know what I have written for
my head was in a perfect whirl when I
scribbled off my letter. Then, the dinner
bell rang, and before we had quite finished,
Joe Cooke called, and presently the Atwoods
came in. We had a pleasant visit from
them and a little while after, the Severances
called. By that time, it was too late to write


I Mr. Bishop's niece, named for Mrs. Bishop.




I35


again, and the next morning, early, we
started for Stockton...   We are going
to see Ristori to-night and Saturday afternoon
de Murska. I hear that they have taken
passage in the 'City of Melbourne' for Honolulu. You must go and hear them if they
play in Honolulu. I hope that you are quite
settled by this time1 and the people do not
annoy you.
"I must end this long letter, hoping that
you may be able to make it out. Give lots
of love to everybody, more especially to the
people on the place. Love and aloha nui
to you from your affectionate cousin,
" BERNICE P. B."
"NEW YORK, June 21, I875.
DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
" Here we are once more in this city and at
the old place-the Gilsey House. We arrived
this morning at seven o'clock at the Grand
Central Depot, and very grand it is indeedI may say, magnificent and imposing. You
would hardly know that part of town now.
It is all built up with stores and residences,
and not far from there is the Windsor.2
Dear Cordie, I am writing this under difficulties-am so tired and used up, and my
head is in such a whirl. I can scarcely
1 Mr. and Mrs. Allen occupied " Haleakala " during
the absence of Mr. and Mrs. Bishop.
2 Destroyed by fire with great loss of life, March,
17, 1900.




136


think. The journey across was pleasantand the eating-places all along were clean
and neat, and the food excellent. But,
under the circumstances it is a very fatiguing journey."
"MONDAY, June 28.
" Here it is, a whole week since this was
written, and you, no doubt, will wonder what
I have been doing in the meantime. Not
a moment have I had, even to write, and I
am going to give you a few lines at a timea short extract of the events of three weeks.
As soon as ever our luggage arrived, we went
down-town in search of my French dressmaker. To my astonishment no dressmaker was there. C —    said: 'you don't
suppose that you will find, at the end of four
years, people living at the same place?'..."
She writes a little later:
"Mrs. Y —, Bernice [Mr. Bishop's niece],
and I started for a shopping expedition, or,
rather, to look around-went together, from
shop to shop, until 12 o'clock. Then we
took the stage for the wharf where the
'Tennessee's' boat was waiting for us, and
found C-   and Mrs. W — already there.
We went off and were warmly welcomed by
our friends. They had no idea we would be in
New York so soon-not before the 25th and
they were to sail the day following our visit.




I37


It was a gratification to us all to meet again,
so unexpectedly, too. When we got on
board whom should we meet but Captain
Meade and Captain and Mrs. Temple. We
had a delightful visit-talked of old times
and old friends. The officers had very comfortable quarters-large and airy, with every
convenience. When we came ashore Mrs.
R —    came with us. She and I did a little
shopping and then came back to our hotel
and had tea. After tea, Mr. and Mrs.
Youmans called and we all went to Gilmore's
Garden concert. This is a new institution in
New York, and it is where the old depot used
to stand, and lately Barnum's Hippodrome.
There are rows and rows of seats all around,
with tables. People sit at these and drink
and eat ices. Then comes the promenade;
in the centre a huge fountain, with here and
there smaller fountains, shrubberies and
flowers growing about, with more seats
interspersed. At the other end is a raised
platform for musicians, and at the extreme
end of the building, opposite the entrance,
an immense grotto and waterfall. The
water rushes over a succession of mosscovered stones (not real) into a basin below,
and over this huge stalactites, or something
resembling them. As you first enter the
place and look on the scene, and see hundreds
of well-dressed people sitting in groups, some
promenading, round this immense space,
with many-colored lights suspended in fes



138


toons overhead and the band playing, you
would think you were in some fairy land, or
looking at a scene in the Arabian Nights.
It was a new sensation to me... As
you are aware, shopping in New York is
an Herculanean task. I am having three
dresses made-a dinner dress of the lightest
shade of blue, and a black silk with a brown
sort of Maltese lace (I hardly know what to
call it) that comes in dress lengths, for an
overskirt and basque.... I have been
getting a travelling hat for myself and Bernice.
Mine is of brown chip, trimmed with some
sort of brown silk stuff and apple blossoms.
"July ist. We have just returned from the
Palisades where we spent yesterday and last
night. It was perfectly charming. We left
Bernice with the Nordhofs-where she is
going to stay until we sail, which will be on
the 7th of July on the 'Bothnia'...
Aloha, olua to all inquiring friends, with love
to you and the Judge if he is still with you.
'Your affectionate cousin,
"BERNICE B."




CHAPTER XVII


CORRESPONDENCE: ARRIVAL IN ENGLAND.
"LANGHAM HOTEL, LONDON, Aug. 4, 1875.
"MY DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
"You cannot imagine how our hearts
were gladdened yesterday by the receipt of
letters from you all. We were famished
for news from home, not having heard anything since we left. Thank you very much
for your good long letter. I am happy to
know that everything is going on well with
you. I had a letter from Mrs. Wodehousel
by this mail and it was full of grief for the
loss of her baby. I feel very sorry for her,
yet under the circumstances, it was better
that the child had been taken away.
"And so the ball went off well. I am glad
to hear it. In one of my letters it was
mentioned that Henry C —   was the swell
of the evening, the King second, Mrs.dressed magnificently in green and gold
brocade. I can only say that I wish I had
been there. (My hand is very shaky-I
wonder if it is the travelling makes it so.) I
Wife of the British Minister in Honolulu.
I39




140


wrote you a hasty line in pencil just before
reaching Queenstown and commenced one in
Liverpool, but had no time to finish it, as we
knew of the departure of the Honolulu mail
through Mr. I- only about two hours before.
So I hurriedly finished Mrs. Dowsett's letter
which I had begun in Dublin but had not
time to finish there, and wrote one to Kanakaole, for him and the people, but could not
finish yours.
"Oh, dear Cordie, I wish there were thirty
hours in the day, instead of only twelve, to
suit the way we are doing-I mean, attempting so much in so short a space of time...When night comes I am nearly dead with
fatigue. At all events I hope I shall live
through it.
"As you see from the above date, we are
now in London, and I can hardly realize
the fact. It seems like a dream, and, what
seems more strange, the names of streets and
places here are so familiar to me-having
heard and read of them from my childhood.
It seems as if I had been away for years, and
had come back to renew my acquaintance
with them. And what a strange and wonderful city London is; so vast, so mighty!
Sometimes there comes over one an overwhelming feeling-I hardly know what to
call it-fear,-when I see the crowds of
people as the other day, at the Crystal
Palace. There were thousands and I thought
all London must be there-yet a friend who




i41
called shortly afterwards said, she was at the
Alexandra Palace the same afternoon, and
she thought all London was there. The
occasion of this, our second visit to Sydenham, was to attend a benefit concert to Sims
Reeves, the greatest tenor singer of the age.
Mme. Nilsson, Mdlle. Tietjens (who, to my
mind, is a more charming singer than Nilsson), Mme. Patti, Mr. Lloyd, and Signor
Foli, all assisted.
"It was, as you may imagine, a great treat
to us, and we had very good seats in the
orchestra. We were not only near the
singers, but had a fine view of the whole
audience. After the concert the interval
was occupied either promenading through
the long corridors of the palace, or visiting
the works of art in the galleries, or in eating.
At about nine o'clock the fireworks began,
and such a grand display I never saw in my
life. I thought that on the Fourth of July
in New York it was magnificent, but it was
nothing compared to this. It was gloriousbeyond my powers of description. It was
over by ten o'clock and then came the rush
for the [railway] carriages. I wish you could
have seen the hundreds of people, trying to
squeeze in, and those who could not (ourselves among the number) very disconsolate,
while those that were in, looked on, complacent and innocent! It was very provoking.
At the same time, it was great fun. In ten
minutes there was another train and with




142


great difficulty we got a seat in this. Then
we laughed at those outside, who were peering in to see if there were any vacant places.
Our train started off and when near London
stopped for some considerable time. Later
we found that there was a train off the track.
In a little while there were, I don't know how
many trains all blocked. There we waited for
nearly an hour, tired and sleepy. At last
we got off, and, much to my joy, passed the
train that had started ahead of us and got
to the Victoria station, safe and sound. It
was after twelve o'clock when we reached
the hotel.
"But here I am-running off about this
when I presume you are wishing to know
what we have been doing since landing.
I will try to give you a hasty account of our
trip through Ireland and on to England.
We landed at Queenstown and went directly
to Cork and thence to Blarney Castle, and,
of course, kissing the Blarney stone. We
visited the new Blarney Castle only a few
steps from the old ruins-a fine structure
just finished, the grounds not yet laid out.
We stayed over Sunday and on Monday
morning took the train for Killarney. We
had intended having an open carriage and
driving to the Lakes by way of Glengariff,
where they say the scenery is very beautiful,
but it was rainy and disagreeable and we gave
it up, much to our regret.
"We were in Killarney two days and such




143


a delightful time as we had! The lakes are
studded with beautiful islands, large and
small, which were reflected in the clear water
-so clear that one could not tell where the
land ceased and the water commenced. And
then the old ruins of abbeys and castles in
the neighborhood were very interesting. I
have photographs of all these places which I
intend to paste in my journal.
" From Killarney we went on to Dublin and
were there four days. In the meantime, we
went to County Wicklow, in the neighborhood of Bray through some level domains
belonging to Sir Powers Court and Gen.
Monck, when a hail-storm came on, but we
were not much wet.
"The most interesting thing to me in
Dublin was the church of St. Patrick, where
the stalls of the Knights of St. Patrick are
to be seen, with their coats of arms, and all
the old banners over each stall.
" From Dublin-or rather from Kingstown,
we crossed over to Holyhead in three and a
half hours. The channel was very smooth;
we have been, thus far, fortunate in our sea
voyaging. We went ashore immediately,
got into the train which was very near the
landing stage and went on to the very fine
old city of Chester-such a grand old town
to be sure! The houses are built with
galleries, and the pedestrians walk under
them from house to house, as if they were
on the sidewalk. It was very droll. It not




144


only shelters one from the sun, but from the
rain also. After a hasty refreshment we
took a carriage and drove out to Eaton Hall,
the country seat of the Duke of Westminster.
We entered through a massive gateway,
which is also the porter's lodge, into the
outer part-the trees growing wild with
underbrush, but very picturesque, winding
along for a mile or more, until we came to
another great gateway into the inner park.
This was more beautiful than the outer park.
The trees were large, growing either singly
or in groups, and trimmed at a certain height
from the ground. In the distance and all
about the effect was magnificent. We saw
herds of deer moving about. Oh dear, I am
afraid if I go on I shall never finish, for the
subject is inexhaustible. So I won't say
anything more about this grand country
seat until I can give it you by word of mouth,
when I come home.
"From Chester we went to Liverpool but
as I was too miserable from fatigue I saw
nothing of the place except when driving out
to dine with the D    s.1
"From Liverpool we came on here and
have been here nearly a week. The first
evening we went to Mme. Tussaud's and were
highly amused with what we saw. We have
I Mr. Theopholus Davies who lived near Liverpool,
with whom the Princess Kaiulani made her home
while in England; the Janions, Hopkins, and other
families were all most cordial and kind to Mr. and Mrs.
Bishop at this time.




i45


seen Westminster Abbey, and yesterday
drove in Hyde Park and Regent Park in my
friend Walpole's carriage which he kindly
lent us. At six o'clock we drove to the
House of Parliament and there we met him
by appointment, and he showed us all over the
building. We could not go into the Commons
as it was sitting, but he told me to look
through the glass door, which I did. He
has been most kind to us, and it was very good
of him to leave his seat in the House to
attend to us strangers. His wife is on the
Continent at some spa on account of her
health. His eldest daughter is the wife
of the eldest son of Lord Coventry, who is
also a cousin of Mr. Eaton. Did I tell you
that he gave us a letter to his cousin-a
younger brother of this gentleman. C —
feels shy about calling and declares he won't
call, but he has sent the letter."
"Saturday 7, 1875.
"I won't cross sheets any more-a foolish
practice, so will commence with a clean page,
and will try to tell you what we have been
doing since writing the other day. I left off
rather abruptly, as I happened to think that
I must attend to my dress which was being
fixed over at a shop in Oxford street-something like Stewart's or Arnold's and Constable's, where they keep everything under
the sun-even to ready made costumes! I had
bought one there, a very dark green cashmere
I0




146


dress (as it has been cold ever since leaving
New York) with a plaid overskirt and sleeves.
It is quite a stylish suit. It is the latest
fashion to have the lower skirt match the
basque-waist-the overskirt to correspond
with the sleeves; if the latter one is plaid the
other must be plain, and vice versa. It is
certainly very odd, but I am getting used to
it. After I had done my shopping I came
back through Regent street and met Col.
Fielding. He had just been to see us, had
had a visit with C, and was going, then,
to Regent street to meet me. I did not see
him but he recognized me and said: 'Is this
Mrs. Bishop?' I looked up and knew him
directly. We shook hands and the first thing
he did was to scold me for having gone to
Ireland first. 'You know', he said, 'that
I wanted you to come to England direct, and
I was going to make arrangements for you
then,-where to go, whom to visit, etc.'
"He is very kind. Well-he came back to
the hotel with me and then he planned that
we should go to Windsor Castle Friday
(yesterday), which we did. He secured
seats for us on top of the coach which leaves
for Virginia Water every day. I wish you
could have seen us start from the White
Horse Cellar, Piccadilly, on the top of the
coach with four horses, the driver in livery,
the man behind blowing the horn as we drove
down Piccadilly in grand style. We had
a lovely day.




I47


"We went through all the suburban villages of London along the Thames-Kensington, Richmond, Twickenham, Bushy Park,
Strawberry Hill, Chiswick, and many others,
whose names I do not remember. We had
fine views of the country, so far as the fog
would permit. For twenty-eight miles we
were in this blissful state, and I only regret
it that it was not longer. We changed horses
three times on the way. We stopped off at
the Wheat-Sheaf Hotel (Virginia Water), had
a nice dinner, and there was a fly waiting, for
which Col. F — had written to the proprietor
-to take us to the castle. We spent the afternoon there, visited all apartments-the
terraces, etc. We were a little too late to
see the stables. It is a grand and noble
castle, worthy to be the residence of the
sovereigns of a great nation. At six we
took the train for London. To-day we were
at the Zoological Garden at Regent's Park
and have just returned-tired out. It is a
most wonderful place. One needs to go to
other countries to see the animals, birds, and
reptiles native to their own. They can see
them all here-all the creatures of the air and
the earth, and the waters under the earth.
To-morrow afternoon Col. Fielding and ourselves are going to dine with Lord Mansfield
in Kenwood, of which I shall give you an
account when we have made the visit. Next
Tuesday the 15th we shall start for Scotland,
stopping for a day, I think, to see the




148


English lakes, and on to our friends, the
Sterlings."
"BALMORAL HOTEL [Edinburgh] Aug. 22, I875.
' You will think with me, that this is a very
odd sort of letter-written at all times and
places. But I can only say that it has
travelled with me all over Scotland,-to the
Highlands, and now to this most wonderful
city. I have no time to waste but will
merely say that we visited our friends for
four days, left Bernice with them while we
went north, then thro' the Caledonian Canal
-the most delightful of trips to Inverness,
down to Blair Athole, Sterling and Edinbro'.
Mrs. Sterling and Bernice came on here, and
now we are all together again. We are well
and are enjoying every moment, as you may
imagine. But it is very fatiguing for all that.
We have been here three days, shall spend
another day, and then on Tuesday-day
after to-morrow-are off for London again,
by the Great Eastern Route. I cannot tell
how long we shall be there-perhaps long
enough to have a dress made, for I am quite
pilikia for a nice warm dress, and then off
for the Rhine. We have just learned that
to-morrow the Island mail leaves. Please
tell Mrs. Owen, with my love, that we were
sorry not to have been able to stop at Sheffield to see her friends as we hope to do by
and by if possible. Our kind love to the
Judge-(What is Mrs. A —s address in




149


Germany?) and William, and with aloha nui
to yourself.
"Yours affec1y
" BERNICE.
"Aloha to the people."
"LANGHAM HOTEL, LONDON, Aug. 29, I875.
"DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
" On our return from Scotland, a few days
ago, we found letters from you and others
awaiting us. It is unnecessary to say that
we read them with avidity, but little thought
that in a short time we shall be with you.
The news of the failure of the Bank of California, which C — saw in the papers day before
yesterday, has disarranged our plans, and of
course there is nothing now to be done but
for him to go home and look after his business
which may suffer for awhile, if at all. We
were making preparations for the contemplated tour, and had our trunks all arranged,
one for leaving here, another to be sent to
Paris to await our arrival there. We were
to have left to-morrow  for Calais when
the sad news came of the failure.   As
C —'s bank was doing business with them
and all his letters of credit abroad were
through them, it gave him a great shock,
and he instantly decided for our return, as
far as San Francisco at least. While we were
in the midst of this excitement and trouble
who should pop in upon us but Mr. Pfluger
from Bremen on his way to San Francisco




I50


and Honolulu. He had come to London on
purpose to see us. But it was not until he
had landed at Dover that he saw in the papers
the failure of the bank, and he doubly rejoiced at the prospect of meeting us. I can
assure you his coming was a great relief and
happiness to us, and, being an old friend, he
and C —   had, as Mrs. L --- would say, 'a
prolonged talk.' He would not hear of my
going back and proposed to take me to
Bremen to spend the winter with his wife and
the Hackfelds. Of course it was not to be
thought of under the circumstances, however
much I may desire to do so.
"He was very kind and thoughtful. It
was a great disappointment to us, as you may
imagine, after coming this great distance not
to be able to accomplish all we intended to do,
but so it is,-' man proposes but God disposes.' We shall leave here for Liverpool
Wednesday, September ist, to sail the next
day for New York, if we can possibly get a
passage, or for Boston if that also is possible, for we find that all the English and
German steamers are full of returning tourists, for the whole of September, and we are
anxious to get to San Francisco as quickly
as possible. Let me beg of you not to do
anything at all about moving away until you
hear from us in San Francisco. We may be
-and it is quite possible-detained in San
Francisco for some time; at all events, do
nothing about it until you hear from us about




151


the matter. Kind love to the good man and
the Judge [Allen]... to the people and all
inquiring friends.
"Ever your affectionate
" BERNICE."
Mr. Bishop was recalled to America upon the
eve of setting out upon an extensive European
tour, by business affairs that required his
personal attention. Returning to New York
from London Mrs. Bishop remained in the
East while her husband made a hurried
trip to San Francisco, rejoining her in New
York. During her absence she placed her
niece in school, giving the matter the close
attention she always devoted to questions of
that sort.
"HAIGHT HOUSE, NEW YORK, Sept. 18, I875.
"DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
" I have so many things to say to you that
I fear it will end in my saying nothing, or
very little. In the first place, I wrote you
from London just before we left, that we were
bound home in consequence of bad news
from San Francisco.... Our hearts were
lightened by the [later] news and we regretted
-and were somewhat provoked-that we
were not enlightened about the state of
affairs in California before leaving England.
It would have made a great difference in our




152


plans. Bernice and I would have remained
behind. As we are here our plan now is for
me to stay here while C — goes to San Francisco.... He will be absent about three
weeks, and on his return we shall make
another start for Europe. We shall, I think,
go direct to the Continent by way of Southampton. I shall stay with our friends the
W —s [Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Williams] at Stamford most of the time during C —s absence.
Bernice is to go to a boarding school kept by
a Mrs. Richardson-an English lady, a widow,
who has a limited number of boarders-only
twelve-but has a larger number of day
scholars. She has a French teacher, a German and English teacher, and two others as
assistants.... So you see I am   most
fortunate in having such an excellent school
to send B — to, and I only hope she will
improve her opportunities.
"I have not said anything about our
voyage back. It was pleasant, so far as the
weather was concerned, until within three
days of our arrival here, when it was very
rough. But it was so crowded-Only think!
there were 236 cabin passengers and 200 and
odd steerage. It was positively disagreeable
and when meal time came it was as much as
we could do to get anything to eat. It was
a scramble from the beginning to the end of
the meal, and the roughest and rudest
generally had the lion's share.
"Our room was one of the largest (we were




I53


all in it with a curtain between) but it was
far forward and we had to pass many disagreeables to get to it. But all is well that
ends well. We were glad enough to arrive
in New York without any mishap. We just
escaped a great danger two days before,
during a dense fog, when we came within an
ace of having a collision with a sailing ship.
The officer on duty, it seems, heard the fog
whistle of some vessel (ours had just blown)
and directly stopped the engine. Just at
that moment, a large ship appeared, lights in
front, which looked, they said, as if she were
coming upon us, but cleared us by about
twenty feet only. It was a providential
escape, to them as well as to us. Perhaps if
our engines had not been stopped there
would have been a serious accident. This
happened early in the morning, and I was not
awake so knew nothing of the danger until
some time after.
"New York is looking lovely indeed. I
never saw the city so bright, cheerful, and
clean as it is now. After having seen London
with its fog, smoke, and dingy appearance
generally, New York seems perfection. But,
for all that I long to be in London once more.
It is a charming place to be in, and live in.
I don't think one would ever tire of the life
there, and I am anticipating with great pleasure the return there next spring. We have
been staying with Mrs. Youmans since our
return, the Professor being in Europe attend



I54
ing the British Scientific Association, but this
afternoon we shall all break up. C —  starts
for the Coast by the evening train, while
B —   and I will go to Stamford to stay,
and on Monday Mrs. Youmans's apartments
will be in the hands of the decorators and
painters."




CHAPTER XVIII


CORRESPONDENCE: VISITS WITH FRIENDS.
IN the following letter Mrs. Bishop announces that business matters have so
adjusted themselves, there having been no
real cause for anxiety, she with her husband
will shortly return to Europe. She also
mentions meeting Clarence King, the brilliant
writer and scientist, who had spent some
time in the Islands and whose untimely
death was deeply deplored.
The debut of Miss Cooke [Annis Montague],
afterwards Mrs. Charles Turner, as "Queen"
in Les Huguenots, in New York is described.
One interesting incident has been omitted.
Mrs. Bishop occupied a box, having with her
a friend who was a musician. The young debutante, as Mrs. Bishop has said, suffering from
stage fright, seemed about to forget her part.
The friend with Mrs. Bishop, seeing her hesitation, softly prompted her, whereupon she recovered her presence of mind and went through
the score without further difficulty. She was
155




I56


"the little Mary Annis, "the sweetest baby
in the world," of whom Bernice had written
to Miss Montague when she herself was a
young girl of fifteen. It is pleasant to record
that Mrs. Bishop's anticipations were realized
and that the young singer not only rose to
distinction in her profession, but has been
the means of helping others achieve success.
She was one of the first to recognize the talent
of Mme. Melba, then residing in Australia,
where Mrs. Turner also lived, and gave her
her first instruction.
"NEW YORK, Oct. 2ISt, I875.
"MY DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
" I presume you have long ere this recovered
from the shock of the news of our returning
home, and if I can imagine such a thing I
don't think you will be as glad to have us
disturb your peace and quiet by coming
back just now. We are not to return. I
don't care to go back just yet. I am enjoying
myself too well to wish that, and so, after
staying in New York six weeks, C — in the
meantime being in San F —, we are going
back again to Europe. We sail day after
to-morrow (Saturday), in the German steamer
Main direct for Bremen.  We have only
two days to get ready in and I am therefore
very busy. Our trunks are at the A  s and
we are here at the Everett house, only two




I57


blocks from there. I have been staying with
the Williamses in Stamford most of the time.
One week I visited my old friend, Professor
Lyman, in New Haven, where I met some
very charming people-one in particular, a
Dr. Farnham who, with his pretty wife, was
very polite and kind. They were at the
Islands some dozen years ago. He was then
very young and stayed with Baxter Armstrong at Waimanalo.... Yesterday Mrs.
S — and Miss Burhans were in. I was very
glad to see them. The latter tells me she is
going with her two nieces to visit in Honolulu.
I am so glad they are going to you, I only
wish that we were at home to receive them.
How happy you will be in seeing your friends
once more. She spoke of asking you to
engage rooms for her at the hotel. I assured her that you would do no such thing,
for our house is big enough to accommodate
them all. So, dear Cordie, I beg you will
use the south room where some of my things
are..
"They intend to come in the December
steamer. We went last evening to Madison
Ave. and saw her (Miss B.) again. I gave her
all sorts of advice for the land journey and
the sea journey.
"What do you think, we have not heard
from home for two months. We do not
know what you have been doing and I am
really famished for letters. They have all
gone to England, and I suppose are waiting




I58


for us there. It is too bad! C — met Mrs.
Gherardi in San F — when he was there. We
did not know that she had returned, or that
the Pensacola had left the Islands....
What a feast we shall have when we get our
letters. I have seen Clarence King several
times. He seems to be as gay and as full
of nonsense as ever. He went with me from
Stamford to New   Haven.   He, by   the
bye, was a pupil of Professor Lyman's and
we talked of nothing but 'the Islands.'
He tells me he is going back there a year from
now to make a survey of the volcanoes, to
study their characteristics, and write a book
about them. Before I forget it, I must tell
you about Mary Cooke [Annis Montague].
She is here with the [Clara Louise] Kellogg
Opera Company, and it was quite by accident that I learned of it. Of course I
immediately came to town to see her. She
was delighted to see me. She is looking very
well. She has rooms in a very nice boarding
house-private-and has a French maidrather an oldish person-whom she is very
fond of and she attends her whenever she
goes to the theatre and chaperones her at
public places, when she is not with friends.
"Well, about a week ago she made her
d6but in the character of the 'Queen' in the
opera of the Huguenots-rather a difficult
r6le for a young and inexperienced person to
appear in for the first time. She sang very
well.... As long as she has the voice-and




159


she has the voice,-the acting can be learned,
-acquired by practice. I am confident she is
cut out for the stage. She had many friends
amongst the audience that night and she
was very kindly received. The papers next
morning also treated her very kindly for
which I was glad, for had they been severe I
doubt whether she would have had the heart
to go on.
"It was odd how I met the Halls.  I had
come to town on purpose to attend Mary's
debut and was lunching at Mrs. Youmans',
when who should come in but Willie Hall.
We were both, of course, delighted to see him,
so, after luncheon, she (Mrs. Youmans) and
I went over to the Fifth Avenue Hotel to
see Mrs. H. They, also, had come to the
city to be present at Mary's debut, so we
arranged that we should all meet there,myself, Mrs. T., Miss Sarah Coan, and others of
our friends,-and all go together to the theatre in the evening, which we did and had quite
a jolly time.... Bernice is now at a boarding
school in Stamford-a very nice school indeed. There are only about eleven boarders
with thirty day scholars and they have the
best of instruction. The teachers are ladies
-which is a great thing, as girls involuntarily
acquire their little ways and manners from
their teachers. She has grown and is getting
to have red cheeks-very becoming to her.
Mrs. Youmans and the Nordhofs tell me
that she is greatly improved by travel. I hope




i6o


she is, and I feel relieved that she is in a good
school and is very happy with her teachers
and her school companions. I am sorry to
leave her behind me, however, for I shall
miss her while travelling, she was so companionable. I shall feel lonely without her.
Our friends the W —s will look after her.
"And now I must close with the hope that
you will be able to unravel this letter. I dare
not read it over. The blots and mistakes
stare me in the face. So that hoping you
will be lenient to all imperfections (for I
have written in great haste) with love to you
and your husband and father, and all the
folks in the yard1 and to all inquiring friends,
foreigners and natives, believe me ever
your affectionate cousin,
"PAUAHI.2
"I enclose a sprig of shamrock I preserved
when in Ireland to send Mrs. McKibbin when
I wrote to Mrs. Dowsett. Will you give it
to her now? I came across it the other day.
Aloha to them. The purple sprig is Scotch
heather for you."
1 Her native retainers and servants.
2 This is the only letter which was signed with her
Hawaiian name.




CHAPTER XIX


CORRESPONDENCE: THE RETURN TO EUROPE.
"FRANKFORT, Nov. I th, I875.
"DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
" Here we are, fairly in Germany amongst
the Germans, and hearing nothing but the
German language spoken. We are so bewildered that we look at each other and ask:
"' What does he say?'
"Oh dear, you would laugh to see us when
equipped for a journey. C —   carries around
his neck the opera glass fastened to a strap;
in one hand his valise, in the other my
portmanteau, and our bundle of rugs with the
umbrellas stuck into it, while I carry a bag
with a long strap thrown around my shoulder
which contains the guide book, the phrase
book, my journal, pencils, handkerchiefs, etc.,
etc. In one hand is my shawl strap with
sundry other things, and thus we present a
very unique and droll appearance. I proposed the other day to have our photographs
taken in this style to send home for your
admiration, but C — objected.
"Well, dear, here I am talking nonsense,
and not a word have I said about our pasII             161




162


sage over. There is not much to say except
that we made a good voyage of twelve days
to Bremen. The weather was rough most
of the way until we got into the Channel,
and from there to Bremen we made a splendid run, the sea smooth but fearfully cold.
We made pleasant acquaintances on the
voyage. There were but fifteen cabin passengers, including three children, so few that
we were thrown together rather more than
otherwise would have been the case; but they
were very nice people. We were all sorry to
part after arriving in Bremen. Some went
one way and some another whilst we remained
there three days and part of another.
"Our friends, the Hackfelds, were exceedingly kind to us. They took us everywhere. The most interesting place of all
was the Rathskeller where the old wine is
kept in huge vats. We spent an evening
there. The Glades-brother of our Mr.
Glade-and his family were also of the party.
We drank some of the Rose wine-aged 250
years-a horrible stuff! Ate oysters, stewed
chicken, and what not. We had a very jolly
time and it was after twelve o'clock when we
emerged out of the cellar. It is a favorite
place of resort of an evening for the good
people of Bremen where they go to eat,
drink, and smoke. I shall give you a more
minute description of the place later on, but
have not the time now, as I am writing this
late into the night....




163


"From Bremen we went to Cologne where
we spent two days. The first, being very
unwell, I did not go about, but the next
visited the cathedral, a magnificent edifice
not yet finished, the Jesuit Church, the
Church of St. Ursula, where we were shown the
bones of I,ooo virgins who were massacred
by the Germans while on their way home to
England with their princess from a pilgrimage
to Rome. All these bones are preserved in
glass cases, as are also the skulls, incased in
velvet, beautifully embroidered in gold and
silver thread, the work of the nuns, who,
at one time, were attached to this church.
Strange taste!
"From this latter place (Cologne) we came
to Coblenz, where we spent one night and
the next morning came by boat up the Rhine
to Bingen. Altho' the weather was very
disagreeable, rainy, windy, and cold, so that
we were not able to be up on deck much, yet
we were amply repaid, for the scenery was
lovely beyond description. Each bank of
the river was studded with castles, some in
ruins, while others were in good state of
preservation, each picturesquely perched on
some high cliff, while the sides of the hills
were covered with vines, all laid out in small
patches and highly cultivated.
"At Bingen we took the train to this place
via Mayence where we arrived last evening.
To-day we have been in the picture galleries
-to the Kaisersaal and the Palm Garden,




164


the principal places of interest in Frankfort.
"To-morrow we go to Heidelberg and then
to Clarens, Switzerland; from Switzerland
to Vienna, Trieste, Venice, and Naples, back
to Rome. This is I believe our present
programme. And now'I must bid you goodbye and good-night. Love to the kane, to
the Judge, to all inquiring friends, and to all
the people in the yard. Only think! We
have had no letters from you since we left
England. The July letters were the last we
received. We are expecting every day,
however, to receive a pile,-the accumulation
of three months. C —sends his love to you
both. Ever your loving cousin,
"BERNICE.
"I have seen such lovely things in the shop
windows to-day. I hear C —calling out:
'When are you going to stop writing.' Goodbye again."
"CLARENS, SWITZERLAND, Nov. 20, I875.
" MY DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
"Two days ago there came a large package
of letters,- those that have been pursuing
us to London, back to San Francisco, to
London again, and finally to this place. I
can assure you they gladdened our hearts,
for they were the first we had received for
three months, with the exception of two
stray letters from you and Lydia which I




received last week in Heidelberg. We had
a very delightful visit at that place for one
day and two nights. Although there is not
much to be seen in the town itself, the
castle, which stands back of the town on the
slope of a hill and only five minutes' walk
from our hotel, was worth coming so far to see.
Indeed, they are considered the most interesting ruins in all Germany, and then the
view from the terrace is superb. There is
only one building which is in a tolerable state
of preservation. One of the Dukes of
Baden had it restored, I believe. In it is a
collection, and a very large one, of portraits
of all the Electors and Kings of Germany,
Austria, and a few of the Kings of France,
with the old clothes once used by these
individuals, a collection of old medals, spears,
cross-bows, furniture, and other things
too numerous to be mentioned. Indeed
it was a most interesting museum and we
spent, with Dr. Hillebrand, who was with
us, a very pleasant Sunday morning, rambling about the old castle, the terraces, and
gardens. After visiting these old castles
and ruins one realizes the stories one has
read in history and romance of the life led
by the marauders of the Middle Ages in
feudal times, and the ingenious mode of
attacking their enemies, or defending themselves in their strongholds.
"From Heidelberg we came on to Berne
where we found Mr. Williams waiting for us.




I66


We were very glad to see him, indeed, as he
was so kind to come and meet us.... He
urged us to go to Clarens and visit them, to
which we consented, and after a day's visit
in Berne (a fine old city) where we were
fortunate enough to see a fair going on in
most of the streets, a familiar feature in
many of the countries of Europe-we came
on here to this beautiful little village on the
borders of lake Geneva.... My fingers are
nearly frozen with the cold. An hour ago
we had a hail storm which passed through
the village and the tops of the mountains
all round us are covered with snow. It is a
new sensation to me to see all this with my
own eyes, and to be so near them [the mountains]. My fingers are stiff and so I will
have to close this letter.... Love to all
the people, to all inquiring friends, high and
low, and to your dear self. I am ever your
affectionate cousin,
" BERNICE."
"VIENNA, Nov. 28, 1875.
"DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
" I have been standing at the window of our
hotel, the Grand, which overlooks the King
Strasse-the fashionable street of Vienna,and I can no longer resist the temptation
to write again (I wrote you only a week ago
from Clarens) and tell you of the sights that
are passing before me at this moment. It is




MRS. BISHOP NxSUAt 1875.




I




167


Sunday afternoon and the hour for the
fashionable world of Vienna to take an
airing.
"The sidewalk is crowded with pedestrians of both sexes, the ladies in fur capes
and muffs, the gentlemen in fur coats, little
children muffled up to the chin in warm
wraps, and officers without number with
their swords clanging on the pavement; the
gentlemen staring unblushingly at the ladies
and the latter sometimes returning the
compliment.
"Then come the dashing equipages with
coachmen in stunning livery, all as brilliant
and gay as possible. It is, indeed, a sight to
behold. How I do wish you were here at
this moment to enjoy it with me. But I
doubt whether you could endure this frightfully cold weather. The streets and the tops
of the houses are covered with snow and my
fingers are stiff, although there is a fire in the
room. But stoves in this country are so
wretched that they do not warm the rooms
at all, only when you are close to them do you
feel the heat in front, while your back, at the
same time, is freezing.
"I am writing this on the window-sill, and
looking down, only about three feet from my
place, on the crowds. We visited this morning with Mr. Schonberger three churches,
the principal one being St. Stephen's-the
1 One of the officers of the " Donau " and at that time
Hawaiian Consul in Vienna.




168


largest and finest in Vienna. There was a
funeral service going on in honor of Cardinal
somebody, whose name I have at this moment
forgotten, who was buried three days before,
and his catafalque, all covered with the arms
of the deceased prelate, still remained where
he had lain in state. At another church we
saw a monument executed by Canova to the
Archduchess Maria Christina, a most superb piece of sculpture. We went through
some of the oldest streets of the city and to
the courtyards of the palace. This is a
most singular city; there are archways without number under the houses and you go
from one street to another through these,
thereby shortening your route.
"But I must tell you of our journey
thither from Clarens, from which I wrote
you last. We made the W —s a visit of
nearly six days. From there we came on to
Munich, stopping one night at Zurich on the
way, crossing Lake Constance in a little
steamer to Lindau, and by train again to
Munich. Aside from the cold, it was a
pleasant journey enhanced by the acquaintance we made in the train of an Austrian
lady from Neuchatel. We travelled in the
same compartment all the way to Munich.
She spoke English very well, and it was a
great comfort to us to talk to some one in a
language we understood. When near the end
of the journey I asked her name which she
gave me as 'Countess de Bombellas.' We




169


afterwards learned that it was a name well
known in Austria. Their home is in Croatia. She gave me many hints in regard to
travelling in Austria, which have been of
use to us."
"HOTEL DE ROMA, ROME, Dec. I3th, I875.
"As you see from the date of this, it is
many days since the other sheet was written.
I had not another chance to write again until
now. If you could only know our daily life
-it is trot, trot, trot, from morning till night,
through picture gallery after picture gallery,.churches, museums, etc., etc., until the whole
thing is all mixed up in my mind-Titian,
Rembrandt, Veronese, Rubens are one composite mass; I must confess I do not appreciate
the old Masters. I much prefer modern art.
There is a fine gallery of modern pictures in
Munich, and I really enjoyed that. Of
course there are some few paintings of the
old Masters, particularly Murillo, and two
or three of Titian's, which are very fineperhaps the finest in the world, but as a
general thing I failed to appreciate their
merits. No doubt it is owing to my want
of culture. The two days following the
Sunday upon which I wrote to you we devoted to sight-seeing, picture galleries, etc.,
Mr. Schonberger acting as our cicerone (he
was exceedingly kind and attentive). On
Wednesday Mr. Lahay, of the "Donau" (do
you remember him?-he was the one who was




17o


at Maui with Mrs. McClellan-came to see us
from Pesth, and Mr. S — and ourselves hired
a sleigh, and I had my first and probably last
sleigh ride on that day. We drove to Lazenberg, the Emperor's summer palace, a distance of nearly ten miles from Vienna. I
enjoyed every moment of it although it was
bitterly cold. But we had furs and footmuffs to keep us warm. But C —, in spite of
all, felt the cold keenly, as he has done ever
since, and he longs for a warm climate. I
know he regrets (to himself) ever having
left it.  It was after dark when we got
back.
"After dinner we went to the ballet at the
new Opera House. Just fancy to yourself
two hundred young girls-or thereaboutsdancing the most intricate of dances and
putting themselves in the most difficult of
attitudes in the most graceful manner possible, and at every new act appearing in new
costumes, each and all beautiful, and you can
have some idea of the ballet in Vienna. The
scenery was gorgeous, particularly the last
act. I have not the language in which to
describe it, so will not attempt it. I forgot
to tell you that the first night of our stay in
Vienna, we went to the opera at the same
place, and heard 'Le Prophete.' The orchestra was splendid. In two of the scenes
skating on the ice and dancing were introduced. The dancers, men and women, were
dressed in Polish costume, and they went




I71


through the skating scene capitally. At
Munich we heard Wagner's celebrated opera
of Lohengrin.  I did not enjoy it much.  It
was tedious and heavy. The scenery, however, was good. Another evening in Vienna
we went to hear the celebrated Strauss band;
another evening to the operetta, so you see
our evenings as well as our days were much
occupied. We were in Vienna just one week
-the longest stoppage we have made anywhere. From there we went to Trieste,
arriving at the latter place at eight o'clock.
In the evening Baron Benko (he was you
know the Aide de Camp 1) called to see us
but we had gone to bed, as we had little
sleep the evening before. Next morning he
came again and said that in half an hour
Admiral Von Petz 2 would call, which he did.
They both gave us the most cordial welcome
to Trieste, shaking hands over and over
again. Afterwards we all walked over to the
Admiral's house to call on his wife to save
time as we were leaving for Miramar in an
hour. We found the Baroness very pleasant
and kind. She spoke English well. She
invited us to dine with them next evening,
which we accepted. We returned to the hotel
and got a carriage, and Baron Benko went
with us to the Chateau of Miramar-about
three miles from Trieste, a most charming
' On the Austrian frigate "Donau ".
2 In command of the "Donau" which visited Honolulu in December, I869.




172


spot and full of sad associations of the illfated Maximilian of Mexico."
"HOTEL VITTORIA, Naples, Dec. 22.
"I hardly know, dear cousin, what to say.
Here it is, nearly a month since this letter
was begun and we have had no time ('the
same old story,' I think I hear you saying) in
which to finish it. It is nevertheless true.
We fly from place to place with the rapidity
of a railway train, so that I am quite used up
in mind as well as body. However, I will
make no apologies, but will try and finish
this letter and mail it before we leave for
Rome. You will like to know, I dare say,
how it has fared with us since we left Trieste,
where I think I left off with the second date
of my letter. Well-we left the latter place
with many regrets, for we were received so
warmly, not only by our friends, but also
by friends of our friends. As C —  remarked
to me afterwards:
" 'Trieste was a cold place, but it contained
warm hearts.'
" We stopped in Rome one day to rest and
the next day came on to Naples, where we
have been, now, a week. To-morrow we return to Rome where we intend to remain a
few weeks. We enjoy being here very much.
The climate is mild, like our own, but it is not
so hot. We have visited the Royal palaces
and one or two churches, spent one day in
Pompeii, a place full of interest,-sad interest.




I73


Yesterday we took an excursion-besides
chaperoning a party of young ladies-to the
ancient city of Baia where Paul landed on
his arrival in Italy. On the way we stopped
at Pozzuoli to see an ancient amphitheatre
in pretty good state of preservation and the
temple of Serapis. At Baia is the temple of
Venus and that of Mercury, both in the same
style of architecture-round, with a dome,
and in a ruined state. The drive out was
lovely; the road was striking, with the bay all
the way. From Pozzuoli to Baia the left side
of the road was strewn with the ruins of
ancient cities and villas, caused by earthquakes. We received some home letters
last evening-three from you 22nd Oct. and
i th of Nov. and one from Willie-also one
from Ida. Please tell her I will write her
from Rome, and tell her about meeting her
friends.... I will inclose some orange
seeds-it is a variety that we do not have, a
native of China, I believe. They call it the
'Mandarin.' I would take some home but
they will not grow if kept too long....
Will you please thank Mr. Ballieu for the
delicate little gift he sent me. How kind of
him to think so long before of my birthday.
I will write him a note of thanks by and by.
How many deaths have occurred since we
have been away. And poor dear Figaro,
alas! he is gone. I feel quite bad, and am
glad that I was not there when he died....
A merry Christmas and a happy New Year,




I74
although both will be long past when this
reaches you. Yes, I am forty-four. Oh
dear, how old!  A bushel of love to you
both,
" Yours ever,
"BERNICE."




CHAPTER XX


CORRESPONDENCE: PRESENTATION    TO POPE
PIUS IX.
"GENOA, Feb. 13th, 1876.
"MY DEAR COUSINS:
"You don't know how delighted we were
when we received, a few days ago, your letter
of December 22nd and also one little note
from Miss B —    in which she writes most
enthusiastically of home. I am very glad
she was so pleased. I will write her also by
this opportunity if I have time; if not, very
soon. My only regret is that we are not
there, at present, to enjoy with you their
visit. Perhaps she may be persuaded to
come again after their return from Europe... We were in Florence only two weeks,
and as the W —s [Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Williams] did not arrive, we came on here to
Genoa. We half regret leaving Florence so
soon, as it is frightfully cold here, altho' we
were told that it was warmer than there. The
first day after we came it snowed and must
have snowed a good deal before that, for the
tops of the mountains were covered thick. It
is now, however, nearly all melted, but it
175




176


continues to be cold. This is a quaint old
city, more so than Edinburgh which I thought
the oddest of all places, but this beats that.
It is built on the slope of the mountain and
rises directly from the sea, the houses very
close together and many stories high. The
streets-or most of them-particularly in
the oldest part-are extremely narrow, as
wide as our verandahs, and some not so wide.
You wind your way through this labyrinth,
hither and thither, up and down, jostling
sailors, fishermen, and what not. In front
of the town along the quay is a high wall
with arcades on the top of which is a fine
promenade built of white marble. This wall
separates the harbor from the houses. Underneath these houses (most of them six
stories in height) is an open arcade, where
you meet crowds of people of all ranks, and
the other half, or back part, is cut up into
little shops,-bakers', eating houses, drygoods stores, tin-smiths, harness makers,
grocers, etc., without end. From early morning till late at night this part of the town is
as lively and busy as you can imagine, and
our hotel-the 'Hotel de France'-is right
over one of these places. Day before yesterday we went to the church of S. Maria di
Carignano, situated on one of the highest
points at the extremity of the city, for the
purpose of making the ascent to the dome,the view from which is very magnificent-of
the harbor, fortifications, and extending over




I77


the city, to the neighboring mountains
bristling with forts, and on the opposite side
the blue Mediterranean.
"Yesterday we went into the Church of
the Annunziata, the most sumptuous church
in Genoa, and one of the few [of that type]
we have seen in our travels. The interior is
all of marble, two kinds, white and red, and
the vaulting roof and dome are richly decorated with gilding and fresco. The outside
is very plain and, they say, in an unfinished
state.
"To-morrow we go to try the railway of
the Villa Pallavicini (one of the sights to
Genoa-about eight miles distant) with a
Mr. Kelly, a gentleman connected with one
of the banks here and who is doing the
civility for his friend, Signor Luchi, the
Hawaiian Consul, who does not know a
word of English. He is our only Consul in
Italy.
" We have been very fortunate in all the
places we have been to meet with people
who were very kind to us. I mean those of
the country, not strangers and foreigners,
like ourselves.
"In Naples we made the acquaintance of
the Countess Suchtelan and her daughters, to
whom we brought letters from the Von
Petz' in Trieste. At Rome we became acquainted with the Marquise de Campenari,
a friend of the Suchtelans, and at her house,
where we went to tea two or three times and




178


spent the evening, we met some of the first
people of Rome.
" The Marquise did not entertain as she had
just lost her onlydaughter about three months
before and her cousin, the Princess Oblinsky,
only the week before we arrived.
"Poor woman! She was in great grief
but she tried to be cheerful; I could see that.
She has two sons, one in the army and the
other at a naval school here in Genoa. The
oldest one was at home on a visit one evening
while we were there and I never saw such a
superb young man in my life. He was a
perfect Apollo.... We also became acquainted with another Roman family, of
the middle class. One of the members is a
banker, and a little while ago he was so fortunate as to make or, rather, to win o,o000
lire in a lottery. Thereupon he gave a grand
dinner to about sixty or seventy of his friends.
We were fortunate enough to be invited and
I was very glad of the opportunity to mix in
purely Italian society. I like them exceedingly. They are so simple-hearted and goodnatured. They remind me of our own
people, and that is why, no doubt, they have
won my heart.
"Socially, Rome, this winter, has been
very dull, owing, they told me, to the division
in families in regard to the present government and the Pope.    The very brightest
1 King Victor Emmanuel II. at this time was upon
the throne of Italy.




I79


of the Roman nobility side very naturally
with the papal party, while the rest, with the
common people, are for the King, and so long
as Rome is under his rule they, the nobles, will
not entertain. I think this will all wear
away. I was surprised to find how little the
Pope   is liked, in this, the very centre of
Catholicism. The Italians, themselves, say
that he is an enemy of Italy. But I '11 not
bore you longer about Italian politics.
"Just before we left Rome we learned that
Mme. Ristori had returned from her tour
around the world, and had made inquiries
about us, but as we were to leave the next
day we did not send her word of our whereabouts, for which we were sorry.
"At Florence we saw the Davies'-was at
their house twice-to a reception and an
evening party..     By the bye, did I write
you about our being presented to the Pope?
Well, we sent in our request to that effect
as soon as we arrived in Rome, through our
friend, the Marquise de Campenari, who
kindly offered her services. After a week or
so the permit came and we presented ourselves with about sixty or seventy others on
the day appointed. After ascending about
a dozen staircases, passing soldiers dressed
in striped uniforms of all colors of the rainbow-we were ushered into the ante-chamber
where we laid aside our outside wraps, and
took off our gloves, for this is one of the
i Pope Pius IX.




i8o


prescribed customs; another is, that ladies
appear in black with veils over their heads,
gentlemen in evening costume, white neckties, etc., written, or, I ought to say printed,
on the permit. We were ushered into
another apartment called the Loggia by a
servant in splendid livery of crimson silk with
long hanging sleeves and crimson stockings.
"After an hour later than that specified
in the note, the Pope finally entered, preceded by several priests. We all went down
on our knees and as he came tottering by he
passed in front of us and gave his hand to
each one to be kissed. C --- merely held it,
I bent my forehead over it so his blessing
is on my head, not on my lips. For I could
not make up my mind to kiss his hand. A
Yankee lady-a strict Presbyterian, who
knelt a little distance from me, took his
hand, hesitated a moment, evidently not
wishing to kiss it, and dropped it. Her
friend, who was kneeling by her side, thought
it her duty to help her out of the dilemma.
She took the old Pope's hand and carried it
to her friend's lips to be kissed but the Connecticut lady, who was too much of a Protestant to do that, moved her head back and
shook it, her face red as a lobster. At this
moment I had to look away, I was so embarrassed. I heard the old Pope murmur
something in French but all I understood
was the word 'suspicien.' Of course the
whole performance lasted but a moment,




i8I


but to the poor lady (I told her afterwards
she was a heroine) no doubt it seemed an age.
As we went out of the audience room I
asked her how it ended-whether afterwards, she kissed His Holiness' hand. She
said:
" 'No indeed! I could not do it' - this
with emphasis.
"But it is getting late. I have spent
nearly the whole of this Sunday writing
letters, while C — has been to church. I
will leave this letter open for a day or two
in the hope of reporting 'letters received,' in
the meantime."
"Wednesday, i6.
"No letters from home yet. Yesterday
we decided to start for Milan and Turin today,-returning here again in a week to go on
to Nice, but a letter came from Mr. Williams
saying they would be here Thursday or
Friday of this week, and would like to meet
us again. So we will not go, but hope to do
so after they leave for the South. We are
anxious to be at Nice for the carnival. I
wish we were bound southward on account of
the cold. C — has been suffering all the
winter. I have borne it well, as I knew I
should, although I have had very bad colds
at sundry times. Christmas I was ill in bed,
and for three days with rheumatic affection
in the head, so I had anything but a 'Merry
Christmas.' I thank you all for keeping my




182
birth-day. Please tell Mr. Ballieu I will
write him from Paris, and will try and see his
children. My best love to Miss B — and
the young ladies, to your good husband, to
all the people and to all inquiring friends,
and with much love to your dear self.
" Ever your affectionate cousin,
" BERNICE."




CHAPTER XXI


CORRESPONDENCE: PRESENTATION TO QUEEN
VICTORIA.
"HOTEL CHAUVAIN [NICE], March 9, 1876.
"DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
" Here we are once more, in a warm climate,
much to C —'s delight. It is not as warm as
it is with us, but milder than where we have
been during the winter. We have been here
a little over a fortnight, enjoying the rest
from incessant sight-seeing,... as well as
the warmth and sunshine. Just now, however, it is very dusty; no rain has fallen here
for two months, and the winds are high, so it
is not at all agreeable, either to walk or drive
out. The Nice season was over when we
came, but many lingered along for the carnival, which has come and gone. C — sent
you the other day a newspaper published here
which gave an account of it. I will not bore
you with my description, as it will not compare favorably with that. You may think
that I now have plenty of leisure-time to
write, read, sew, etc., but the fact is, that
although it is Lent and there are no ruins of
old churches to be visited hereabouts, there
183




184


is always something going on that we wish to
see, so that we go out somewhere nearly
every day. There is a lovely band that
plays every afternoon in the Indian palace at
which I am a constant attendant, whenever
it is pleasant.
"The crowds of people are another attraction; ladies in fine toilettes with long trains
trailing along the ground kicking up the dust;
some, of course, in shabby clothes; male
exquisites with flowers in buttonholes, old
dowagers in paint and powder-male ditto,
nurses and children, invalids hobbling about,
or being drawn in perambulators, all make up
a scene novel and gay, as is generally to be
found at these places of fashionable resort.
And this reminds me, that about four days
ago, I was as usual in the garden listening
to the music when I saw a lady standing
about two yards from me, looking at me now
and then. I thought she was like some one
I had known, and before I could think who
she was, she was at my side grasping my
hand, with tears in her eyes. It was Mrs.
Shipley, with her little boy, a fine manly
fellow. I was truly glad to see her, poor
woman. Of course I expressed my surprise
to see her here in Europe, not having heard
that she was abroad. She told me how
long she had been here, and that she was in
Florence when we were there, and came to
the hotel Du Roi to see us, but we had gone.
She is stopping at the Grand, two blocks




from here. She is looking very well and
rather stout. She asked many questions
about Honolulu.... "
"Saturday, i.
"Don't be shocked, dear Cordie, if I tell
you where we went yesterday. It was to
Monte Carlo-a place you know where gambling is legalized, since Baden and Homburg
are tabu. It is in the principality of Monaco,
a little independent State about as big as the
district of Ewa, perhaps not so large, and the
man who has leased the place pays the prince
$40,000 a year, pays all the taxes of the
liliputian kingdom, or, rather, princedom,
and lights the city with gas, all free. So you
may imagine what a profitable business it is
to keep gambling tables, to do all that. Aside
from the desire to see how the thing is done,
the place itself is worth visiting. It is considered the most beautiful spot in Europe,
and everything has been done to make it
attractive and alluring. Every day hundreds of people go there from here (Nice),
the distance being half an hour by rail, returning late at night.
"Yesterday was our second visit there,
and both times we went with a party-an
Irish gentleman and his two daughters whose
acquaintance we have made in the hotel.
They are very nice and we like them exceedingly. The oldest of the two is a young
widow, the younger an invalid, very pretty.




I86


A cousin of theirs-a Mr. McCarthy, and
another gentleman, a friend of the McC's
named Hewitt, went with us, both times,
and, knowing the ins and outs of the place, we
were enabled to enjoy our visit very much.
"There are two rooms in the Casino devoted to play, with two tables in one and three
in the other-two of these for the game
of trente et quarante and the other for
roulette. At the former heavy play is generally carried on, the sums staked from one
to twenty thousand francs, or more; at the
roulette table from five to eighty francs. In
front of the dealers and croupiers are piles
of gold and five franc pieces, and around the
tables are seated the players; old women and
old men, bald-headed and toothless, some of
them, and the young of both sexes, all intent
upon the game as if their very life depended
upon it. I was generally more interested in
watching the countenances of the players
than in the play, the earnest, rapt expression
of some, the stoical independence of others,
as they lost or won.
"Many stories were told us of the large
sums that had been lost since the first of
January-the largest loser being the young
Duke of Montrose-f.49,ooo.   Just think
of it! Is it not dreadful? One of the young
gentlemen of our party 'tried his luck' as
he called it, yesterday. I was standing by
his side to see him play. He commenced
with eight francs, and in ten minutes he had




I87


made a hundred francs. I advised him to
stop, as he might lose it all if he continued.... At six o'clock the play ceases for a
while, everybody going to the Hotel de Paris
near by to the table d'h6te, where you
get a very nice dinner for six francs, wine
included.
"There must have been eight hundred
people who dined there yesterday, in different
parts of the house. After dinner the play is
resumed. In another room concerts are held
twice a day, in the afternoon and evening,
and if one is tired of looking at the play, or
engaging in it, he can step into the next
room, and for nothing, hear the most delicious
music possible. Such are the fascinations to
allure poor, weak human nature. No wonder many are caught in the snare!
"One of the gentlemen of our party told
me (he never gambles) that since he had been
in Nice, now three months, four persons have
committed suicide from loss at play, and the
friends of one of these still went on playing
as unconcerned as if nothing had happened.
Is it not shocking? I will not relate any
more dreadful stories, dear Cordie, for, no
doubt, you are sufficiently shocked with me
for being there, let alone relating other
people's misdeeds-our only excuse being,
curiosity.
"I think my last letter was written to you
from Florence, where we stayed a little over
a fortnight. Then we came on to Genoa,




188


thence here, stopping a day and night in San
Remo, where we hired a vetturino's carriage
and four horses to bring us to Nice by the
Corniche road through most lovely scenery.
The road, which was splendid, runs along far
up the mountain side, most of the way passing villages, plantations of olives and lemon
trees, and round bold promontories surmounted by ruined castles, then descending
along the seashore-the beautiful Mediterranean lying calm and peaceful and intensely blue. Then the road again gradually
ascends, commanding a magnificent view of
the coast before and behind you, with now
and again a sight of the railway train as it
emerges from and plunges into innumerable
tunnels. For you must know, that the railway line, after leaving Pisa, runs through a
succession of tunnels all the way to Nice.
For this reason, many people drive from
Genoa so as to have the view of the Riviera
di Ponente, instead of going by rail. I have
not done justice to this, the most picturesque
part of Italy. Would that I had the power!
" We intend to leave here next Friday for
Milan and Turin. We shall not be long at
these places, as I am anxious to be in Paris,
and would have been there now but for the
accounts we hear of the bad weather they
have had there lately."
" Wednesday, 15.
"I have kept this letter open for a few




I89


days, thinking that home letters might come
in the meantime, and so they have. They
arrived from London two hours ago. I received seven; five from  H-, two from
N     Y. Bernice has improved very
much in writing and composition and Mrs.
Williams writes that she has improved, also, in
every way. B —   says she received the gold
and silver medals for drawing, at the last examination. We are delighted to hear such
accounts of the child. I long to see her.
Your letter-the last date was February 4-.
Thank you ever so much for it.... I am
very glad, indeed, that you have enjoyed so
heartily the visit of your friend and the
young ladies. I shall see them, I hope, in
New York. Oh dear Cordie, I hope you and
my other friends will forgive me if I say that
I am not yet ready to go home. Of course
I wish to see you all again, but this European
life is so charming that I wish it could be
prolonged indefinitely. You asked when we
are coming. I presume we shall be leaving
London about the middle of June, or, possibly,
later. C —  wishes to take a run to Boston
to see the Austins-then to Philadelphia for
the Centennial, and so, home. It is probable
that we shall go in August, or perhaps in the
September steamer. When we are in New
York I will write you more definitely in
regard to it.
"And now I must close this long letter,
although I have not written the half that I




I90


wished to say. Perhaps it is better so, else
I won't have anything to relate when I come
back; I must really stop, so good-bye for the
present, with love to yourself and William
and to Miss B — and the young ladies, in
which C —  joins me. Aloha nui to all the
people and to all inquiring friends,
"Your attached cousin,
"BERNICE."
"7 SACKVILLE ST., LONDON, May 8, 1876.
"DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
"So much has happened since I wrote you
from Nice that I am well-nigh in despair as
to how and where to begin. But before I go
on (I can't promise to write a long letter, as
we have so little time to ourselves and have
already plunged into the dissipation of the
London season), let me tell you that we
received all of your letters,-the last dated
March 3Ist. When you see their Majesties
[King Kalakaua and Kapiolani] and Mrs.
Cartwright and Mrs. Bush, please give them
my love and say that I have received their
letters and I will write as soon as I can; if
not from here, perhaps from New York.
"After leaving Nice we went to Milan and
Turin. The morning we arrived in the latter
city whom should we meet on the platform
but the W —s just returning north from
Italy. We were glad to meet again. Mr.
W —     secured a whole compartment for us




I9I


to ourselves, and we made the trip together
to Culoz, where we parted, they going to
Genoa and we to Paris by Lyons....
"Well, we were in Paris six weeks and I
never worked so hard in my life as I did there,
not only in trying to have some clothes made
but in shopping, and, at the same time, sightseeing. We made up a box, or rather two,
to send you by Panama via San Francisco,
which I hope you will get before we come.
In it is your dress and other things too
numerous to mention. I have marked with
your name those things intended for you.
There is a box for Mrs. C —, and a little
one for Mrs. J-. Will you please give
them to them. The rest will you put away
until we come?"
Mr. and Mrs. Bishop were greatly indebted
to Mr. Wodehouse, who was for many years
British Commissioner, and afterwards Consul-General, for letters of introduction to
friends in England. They were also given
letters by others from whom such attention
was of great benefit.
In the following letter giving a brief account
of her presentation at court, the cordiality
of Queen Victoria was no doubt partly due
to the generous reception given the Duke
of Edinburgh upon his visit to Honolulu




I92


July 21, I869. At that time Mr. and Mrs.
Bishop assisted in the entertainments given
in his honor.
"Monday, May 5.
"It seems as if I am fated never to finish a
letter at one sitting but will begin at once the
most important news connected with ourselves. Well, we have been presented at
Court. It came off on Friday, the I2th. I
have not much time in which to write you the
particulars. You will have to wait until I
return and I will then show you my dresstrain and all. I was nervous at first, but
soon got over it. The Duke of Edinburgh
presented C- and the Marchioness of Salisbury me. As my name was announced by
the Lord Chamberlain, the Queen, much to
my surprise, came forward and bowed with
a kind smile of recognition, which, of course,
pleased me, very much. I bowed next
to the Princess of Wales and to others of the
Royal family, and when I was opposite the
Duke of Edinburgh he extended his hand
to shake hands with me, and he did the same
with C —, who was behind me. We then,
with the rest, went to the outer rooms and
did not see the Royal family again.
"The rooms were soon filled by the ladies
as they came out, and we stood and watched
the elegantly dressed company-ladies and
gentlemen-as they went to and fro. And
such sights! Such toilettes and display of




193


jewels-coronets, diamonds, pearls, and all
other precious stones, satins, silks, velvets,
and brocades, of all shades and colors, with
feathers, flowers, and laces. It was a sight I
never expect to see again. It was, I have
been told, the most brilliant drawing-room
of the season,-and the last.
"My dress, I dare say you would like to
know, was silk in two shades of rose colorlight and dark. The dress was made in
Paris, but the train, which was three and
three quarters of a yard long, and the low
bodice I had made here for the occasion. I
had plumes the color of my dress, flowers and
lappets in my hair and I flatter myself that
I looked almost as well as some of them.
"C      was dressed in an ex-Minister's
uniform-sword, cocked hat with a red
ribbon, and as I never before saw him in a
uniform, he looked funny enough. But he
had to wear it, or else go in silk breeches.
"Yesterday afternoon, in company with
our friend, the Colonel,1 we took tea with the
Marchioness of Ely, one of the ladies-inwaiting at Buckingham Palace. The other
day we went to a garden party at a Mrs.
Lowther's in Kensington Gore. It was a
beautiful place, with a fine garden at the back
of the house. To-day we went with the
Colonel to Grosvenor House to see the paint' Colonel, the Honorable William Fielding, who was
in many ways exceedingly kind and helpful to Mr. and
Mrs. Bishop.
13




194


ings. It is the Duke of Westminster's fine
collection. Another time we are to go again
to Buckingham Palace to see the pictures
there, as we did not have time yesterday.
There is so much to tell you that I cannot
well do it by letter and you will have to wait
until I can get home.... I beg you will not
move away from the house. It is large
enough to hold us together for some time
after we get back. And there will then be
time enough I think to see to a house for
yourselves.
"Love to W-      and all friends,-the
people and everybody that may inquire for
us, and with love to you and the ladies-if
they are still with you-I am
"Ever your affectionate cousin,
"BERNICE."
"NEW YORK, Aug. 4th, 1876.
' MY DEAR CORDIE:
"This is probably our last chance to write
home before we come in propria persona, on
the Sept. steamer. We have been visiting
about a good deal since our return to this
country and in spite of the extremely hot
weather. Oh dear! Such weather I never
felt in my life, and I truly think if we had
remained in the city a little while longer I
should have succumbed under it. They say
such intensely hot weather has not been
known for eighty-four years. Well, as every



I95


thing nowadays is called 'Centennial' I
suppose the temperature may be called
'Centennial heat.' C —  took a run to
Washington and back again, and then we
started for the north, Saratoga and Warrenburg [Mr. Bishop's home for a number of
years], where we had a most delightful visit
with Miss B — and the young ladies. We
went out on the lake once, and should have
taken several excursions had it been at all
tolerable, but it was pleasanter indoors than
out. From there we spent a night and one
part of a day at Glenn's Falls and two days
at Fort Edward with the Bradleys. Then
we went on to Boston via Vermont and New
Hampshire-had a pleasant visit there and
also at the Isles of Shoals, with the Austins
and Dicksons. We saw hosts of Island
friends,-but more of this when we see
you.
"Bernice was with us all the time and the
journey has done her good. We came back
to New York ten days ago and to-night we go
on'to Stamford to spend to-morrow-Sunday.
"Monday A. M. We return here to go on
to Philadelphia to be absent a week or two,
then back again to New York, taking our
final departure from there.... We shall
leave Bernice with our friends when we go
to the Centennial and she will go with them
for a month at Woodstock in New Hampshire.... In a few weeks more we hope
to be with you. Do not move away. There




I96
will be time enough to do that after we
return.
"Aloha nui to all. With love to yourself
and your good husband,
"Your affectionate cousin,
"B. B."




a
r
r:
F
6:


KEOUA HALE.








CHAPTER XXII


MISCELLANEOUS LETTERS.
THE following letter was written to her
cousin, at that time visiting relatives
in New York, accompanied by her husband, whose brother was Consul General for
Hawaii in that city.
"HALEAKALA, Jan. I4, 1878.
MY DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
"Letter writing time has come round once
more (it comes round pretty often, but receiving time not often enough). I am, as usual,
in the midst of it, but luckily have only four
to write this time-the last two mails taking
from this house enough to fill a whole mail
bag, I am quite sure. Well, your letters
were received by the last steamer which made
our hearts glad; also the package of cards
in care of C. Judd-for all of which we thank
you very much. Those belonging to friends
I sent to them.
"Did you knit the purse yourself? It is
197




I98
quite unique. I should not have known how
to open it, had I not seen one like it not long
ago. Who ever invented it, I should like to
know? The invitation for the coronation
for the good people of Hawaii nei came out
yesterday. It is very prettily and tastefully
gotten up, I think.... The coronation
paraphernalia is here, brought by the 'Lord
Chamberlain' in fourteen trunks, so the
story goes. The Queen's dress-perhaps one
of them-of lace bought in Brussels, cost
$5000. Of course no vulgar eye has seen all
this gorgeousness!... I have had the Chinaman clean up your garden a little bit. The
passion vine makai your house, which you
cut down, I am sorry to tell you is make. I
fancied your Christian student did not water
it in a conscientious manner. However, I
have planted some more there and they are
doing well.... I wish to goodness I were
in New York, now. I long to hear the 'divine
Patti' again. I envy you your enjoyment
of music, etc."
The following, addressed to her cousin,
who was still in the United States, relates
to Mr. G. Bradley Bishop, a nephew of Mr.
Charles R. Bishop, who came out to Honolulu to engage in business and who died
at "Haleakala," Dec. 4, 1882. He was a
brother of Mr. E. F. Bishop, now residing in
Honolulu.




199


"HALEAKALA, I9th of Nov., 1882.
"MY DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
"The 'Luiza' arrived two days ago bringing
letters from you both, written in Bangor.
It brought to my mind our visit there when
dear Mrs. Allen was living. I quite envied
you travelling about. You both deserve it
after so much sickness and anxiety and confinement. I do hope you will both return
with health restored, looking young and
vigorous for another dozen years of work
and drudgery.
"I have had my hands pretty full also, of
late, not exactly of work but what is worsecare and anxiety. I no sooner returned home
after four weeks' nursing of my cousin, than
Bradley became ill.... Thank Willie for
the book he sent me by the last mail; I shall
read it with great interest. I had seen a
notice of it some little time ago-in Scribner's, I think."
"HONOLULU, I Ith Dec., 1882.
"DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
" My last letter to you will, I think, prepare
you for the sad news which I now write you
of our dear boy-Bradley's death. He died
a week ago Monday the 4th inst., of rapid
consumption, easily and peacefully, but quite
conscious for some hours before the end. I
have just written his mother and have given




200


her as full [an] account as I could of his illness
and last moments. I will copy a portion
from my letter to her. 'The day beforeSunday-we thought he was dying, so Charles
sent for Rev. Mr. McIntosh, the Episcopal
clergyman, to come and see him. He came
and administered the sacrament but before
he was quite through he sank into unconsciousness. After awhile he revived and I
gave him some nourishment and by afternoon
he rallied. When the doctor came (we had
Dr. Trousseau) he seemed brighter, and
answered all the questions that were asked
him, but by ii o'clock he positively refused
to take anything. After that he sank
rapidly and was conscious no more.' Poor
lad! It was hard to see one so young, so
good, so pure in his life, with every prospect
of usefulness before him called away so soon.
But God orders all things for the best and
we can only say, 'Thy will be done.' He
was not afraid to die, but he clung to life
and was so anxious to live that he might
be of use to his mother while she lived.
Fanny will receive many sympathizing letters
from friends here. Mr. Damon [Father
Damon] is writing, remembering the loss of
his son of the same age as Bradley. He is
full of sympathy for poor Fanny. It will be
a great comfort to her to know in what
estimation her son was held in this place.
His young friends and companions, and some
of the older people who were acquainted with




201


him feel deeply his death, and those who did
not know him personally, respected and
admired his character. We had the funeral
services at the house, and both there and at
the grave they were solemn and impressive."
Judge E. H. Allen, to whom Mrs. Bishop
refers in the following letter, was the Minister
Plenipotentiary from Hawaii to the United
States, and, by reason of his prolonged term
of office, was dean of the diplomatic corps.
It was a part of his official duty, as the senior
member of that body, to make the presentations to the President at the official receptions
held at the White House. He performed
his usual duties on New Year's day, 1883.
After the reception he retired to the cloak
room and suddenly complained of being ill.
He sat down upon a sofa, his head sank forward, and with a sigh he expired. Judge
Allen was then seventy-nine years of age.
He had been a true friend to the Hawaiian
people, having earned their confidence by
years of efficient and disinterested service.
His death was deeply felt in Washington,
where he had also won the esteem of all who
knew him.
"HALEAKALA, Feb. I, 1883.
"We received the shocking news of the




202


death of our dear friend Judge Allen, by the
Jan. steamer. It was indeed a shock, but
we could not but admire when we thought
what a grand death his was-to die at his
post, of all places to die at the White House.
It was a fitting death, but how sad for his
children to be bereaved of an affectionate
father; and for our poor little nation which
cannot afford to lose such a faithful servant.  But Providence directs things for
the best and we can only submit to God's
will. Please give my sincere sympathy to
the other members of the family in their
great sorrow, and more especially to your
good husband. How fortunate he was to be
in America, and that he had seen him before
his end. This is a typically rainy day-one
of the slow, steady, old-fashioned rains,
which we seldom have now-a-days. Ever
since last night about nine o'clock it has been
a steady downpour all the night long, and
from present appearances it does n't look as
if it would cease for a week to come..
"The Suez has at last reached home after
a delay of a month which has thrown our
whole community-indeed, I might say the
whole islands-into a state of alarm and
anxiety about friends-the Damons and
Athertons and Carrie B-  and her children
and a host of others we know were on board.... But, our letters, oh how impatient we
were to get them! By the way, there were
many coronation dresses on board that un



203


fortunate Suez, and although she arrived
Thursday the 8th I do not think any of them
have yet been received by their owners, and
they will be too late for to-morrow, but I
presume they will come in for the ball,
luau, and dinner."
Upon this point she had previously written
(Nov. 29, 1882):
"I had several samples of brocades and
satins sent me from The City of Paris to
show to my friends for the coronation and
I proceeded to pass them round. Keelikolani [the Princess Ruth] is the only one
who wishes to have dresses from them. She
wanted five but I told her two were enoughand two too many. These goods average
from ten and a half to thirteen yards, the
prices varying from $120 to $150 a dress, according to the quality and style. They have
just been imported from Paris. Some of
them look as if they were intended for furniture covering."




CHAPTER XXIII


FINAL EVENTS.
IN addition to Haleakala, the residence Mrs.
Bishop inherited from Paki, for which
she had a peculiar affection, she had other
valuable estates, as was usual with the alii,
which she visited frequently, sometimes remaining for weeks. One of these was a beautiful place, "Heeia," on the windward side
of Oahu, a feature of which was its extensive
fish-pond well stocked with mullet. Here
she was accustomed to invite parties of her
friends, entertaining them in the delightfully
informal manner in which she herself took
such pleasure. The seaside villa at Waikiki,
now converted into a hotel, was also a favorite residence, with its beautiful cocoanut
grove, its smooth sand beach, and good
bathing. In the same neighborhood were
the seaside villas of the Princess Likelike,
"Ainahau," surrounded by magnificent gardens, still cared for by her husband, Governor
A. S. Cleghorn; and that of her cousin Lydia,
the ex-Queen Liliuokalani.
204




VA I
0 i15 /(








205


In the spring of 1883, her cousin the Princess Ruth Keelikolani built a handsome residence, " Keoua Hale," on Emma Street which
was also surrounded by extensive, well-kept
gardens, now in use as a high school. It was
in the French style of architecture with
Mansard roof, broad lanais, from which lofty
flights of steps led down into the gardens,
and a large drawing-room upon the ceiling of
which was emblazoned the Hawaiian coat of
arms. The completion of the house was the
occasion of elaborate festivities,-a formal
house-warming, ball, and luau, to which all
the white population of Honolulu, eligible to
such an honor, were asked, with the entire
court and many good Hawaiian families not
included in the court circle. In the Quadrille
of Honor at the ball the Princess Ruth
danced with the King, wearing a dress of
rich yellow brocade with a train the prescribed three yards and a half in length.
Mrs. Bishop also took part in the quadrille,
enjoying it thoroughly, laughing heartily as
her cousin and the King went through the
intricate figures, the Princess being a woman
of great size and weight.
Keelikolani had much of the spirit of her
Kamehameha ancestors, with all their gener



206


osity, and always resented any lack of respect
due her race and her rank. This was shown
once during the house-warming festivities,
and with good cause. The luau had been
prepared, native fashion, and was served in
the grounds near where now stands a towering monkey-bread tree.
The feast was spread upon the flowergarlanded mats of fern, and the servants
stood in their places, awaiting the arrival of
the hostess, the King and his suite. When
they came, the Princess found a party of illbred foreigners already seated, having failed
to show their hostess the respect to which
she was entitled. When she saw them she
was very indignant and insisted upon returning to the house but was finally induced to
overlook the incivility, the offenders very
properly taking their leave. Almost immediately after these events the Princess
Ruth became very ill and was ordered by
her physicians to Kailua on Hawaii. She
did not benefit by the change, living but a
short time. Mrs. Bishop was with her at the
time of her death. Her remains were brought
back to Honolulu and lay in state in the great
drawing-room at "Keoua Hale" for three
weeks, during which all the native marks of




207


respect accorded to chiefs of high rank were
observed.
A reference has been made to the desire
of Kamehameha V. that Mrs. Bishop should
succeed him as sovereign, which lay within his rights under old Hawaiian law. In
I898 the Hawaiian Historical Society published two important letters, one by Stephen
H. Phillips, Attorney-General throughout the
reign of Kamehameha V., and the other, a
much more detailed statement which Mr.
Phillips corroborated, by the late Gov.
J. O. Dominis, husband of the ex-Queen
Liliuokalani.
The letter of Governor Dominis is as
follows:
"HONOLULU, January 7, I873.
"MY DEAR SIR:
" So many unfounded rumors and misrepresentations have been circulated since the
death of his late majesty, Kamehameha V.,
in relation to his last expressed wishes, I feel
it my duty, not only to the living, but to the
memory of the departed, to furnish you, in
a written form, a statement of what occurred
on the morning of the i th of December
(1872) last.
" Before daybreak my wife and myself were
sent for to the palace. On arriving thereat




208


we found that the King was in a very critical
state. Dr. Hutchinson and Dr. Trousseau
were in attendance. The latter informed me
there was no hope for the King's recovery.
Shortly after my arrival the King was in a
state to be informed of the condition he was
in, and Dr. Hutchinson took the task upon
himself and asked him if he had any final
arrangements to make. At first the King
would give no heed to the Doctor, but upon
being urged he consented to have a will
drawn up, and I was called, at his request, to
put in writing his last wishes. I therefore
stationed myself beside the bed and commenced writing his wishes, but they merely
related to a few dispositions of money and
real estate. At this time he was repeatedly
urged to name his successor, but did not then.
Shortly after I commenced writing, Mr.
Phillips, the Attorney-General, came in and
was beside me most of the time the King was
talking. After a time the King became
fatigued and expressed a desire to rest, when
Mr. Phillips urged him very strongly to
name his successor, but he replied rather
sharply that 'he wanted time to consider
so important a subject and that he had been
taken by surprise at the statement of the
physicians, and was naturally nervous and
under a great state of excitement.' The
King then told me to go and get my breakfast and when I returned that he and I would
'sit down quietly by ourselves and arrange




209


all these matters'-his exact words.  I went
on the veranda, and in a few minutes was
called. Mrs. Bishop was seated on the side
of the King's bed; my wife, Judge Kamakau,
and Mr. Prendergast were standing at the
head. Mrs. Brickwood and Kamaipuupaa
were opposite Mrs. Bishop; Mr. Phillips
stood in the mauka door near to the bed, and
I stood next to Mrs. Bishop. I am thus
particular in placing the different persons to
show who were in a position to hear the
last wishes expressed by the King.  Beside
those mentioned there was no person in
the room near enough to the King to understand his words except Governor Nahaolelua, whom the King had summoned, and
who was kneeling beside the bed at the
King's head in front of me and next to Mrs.
Bishop.
"The King spoke to Nahaolelua in Hawaiian, but the sound of his voice was so indistinct that I could not understand what he
said. The Governor's reply I understood and
by it was assured that the King had asked
him to name his successor which he declined
doing, saying that they were all his aliis.
After this the King addressed Mrs. Bishop
and said: 'I wish you to take my place, to be
my successor.' She replied: 'No, no, not
me; don't think of me, I do not need it.'
The King then said:
"' What makes this room so dark?' and
looking towards the makai door said:
I3




210


"'What are all those people doing in
there?'
"Lunalilo, Kalakaua, Kahanu, Makalena,
Pratt, Hoffman, and perhaps some others,
whom I do not now remember, were standing
in the room. I motioned them to go out, and
Mrs. Bishop told them to go, and they went
out. The King then continued:
"'I do not wish you to think that I do this
from motives of friendship, but I think it best
for my people and the nation.' She again
said:
"'Oh, no, do not think of me; there are
others; there is your sister, it is hers by
right.' The King replied:
"'She is not fitted for the position.'
"'But,' Mrs. Bishop said, 'we will all help
her; I, my husband, and your Ministers; we
will all kokua her and advise her.'
"The King replied: 'No, she would not
answer.'
"Mrs. Bishop then said: 'There is the
Queen, Emma; she has been a Queen once,
and is therefore fitted for the position.'
"The King replied: 'That she was merely
Queen by courtesy, having been the wife
of a King.' The King wishing at this time
to get off the bed, we all left the room, and
after that he never alluded to the subject of a
successor or expressed any further wishes.
"We all went to breakfast; and after
breakfast, not feeling any immediate danger, most of the gentlemen went to the




211


Chamberlain's house, when, at about halfpast nine, the physicians were sent for
in haste, and we returned to the King's
chamber and remained there until his
death, which took place at about twenty
minutes of ten A.M.
" As mentioned before the only persons who
were near enough to hear the conversation
which took place between the King and Mrs.
Bishop were Mr. Phillips, my wife, Judge
Karnakau, Colonel Prendergast, Mrs. Brickwood, Kamaipuupaa and Governor Nahaolelua and myself-Governor Nahaolelua and
Kamaipuupaa could not have understood it,
the entire conversation having been carried
on in the English language. The Queen
and Mrs. Pratt were sitting together some
distance from the bed and could not
possibly have understood what the King
said, for, at times, when near to him, without giving close attention, it was difficult
to understand him, his speech was so indistinct. The Governess of Hawaii was seated
on the floor, some distance from the bed, on
the makai side.
"The foregoing is a correct statement, so
far as my best remembrances serve me, of
what occurred in the last hours of his late
Majesty, and is most respectfully submitted to, if possible, refute the many
false representations which have been set
afloat in reference to his last wishes,
and more particularly as a matter of jus



212
tice to Mrs. Bishop and the memory of the
departed.
"I remain yours truly,
"JNO. O. DOMINIS."
"Certified to be a correct copy of the original
letter.
"A. C. LOVEKIN,
"for Trustees B. P. Bishop Estate.
"HONOLULU, August 5, 1898."




CHAPTER XXIV


LAST LETTERS.
MISS Barnes, to whom the following
refers, was a cultured Englishwoman,
governess of the Princess Kaiulani.
To Miss Hines (Mrs. E. Kopke)
"HONOLULU, March 7, 1884.
" MY DEAR MISS HINES:
" It is with a heavy heart that I write to tell
you and your sister that your cousin is dead.
She died this morning at a little before nine
o'clock. You may not, perhaps, be utterly
unprepared for this sad news, as I wrote
you the other day of her severe illness.
Nevertheless, you will be greatly shocked, I
know,-as much as we are-when you hear
that the end has really come. I feel so much
for you and sympathize with you in this great
grief which has come, not only to you, but to
us all, especially our dear Kaiulani whose
loss she cannot, as yet, appreciate, though
she feels sad enough. She said to Helen this
morning:
213




214


"'Oh my dear auntie, why did they take
her away from me? Tell them to bring her
back, and take me.' Poor child! She cannot,
I fear, find such another dear, kind, tender
friend and governess as poor Miss Barnes has
been to her. I also had become greatly
attached to her as I came to know her better.
I have seen her a great deal of late. I shall
miss her so much."
"SAN FRANCISCO, April 27, 1884.
"DEAR COUSIN CORDIE:
"Your letter has been received. I thank
you so much for it. I have so much to write
that I hardly know where to begin. But I
will wait until I return giving my account of
our stay here.... We went to a grand
party at Col. C. F. Crocker's last evening.
The house was thrown open and all the rooms
profusely decorated with flowers most exquisitely arranged. Supper was served all
the evening, and there was dancing in the
picture gallery."
"Monday, 28th.
"I was interrupted yesterday by a visit
from my doctor and after him the Queen of
Tahiti, Marian Pomare, by name, who is on
her way home. She has just returned from
a visit to France."


Mrs. Bishop then wrote fully concerning her




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I:; '::
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P
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215


health, the physician whom she consulted
advising an operation at once, which she
was assured would not be difficult or dangerous. She added: "I must say that I
was shocked at first at the announcement,
but he (Dr. Lane) talked so sensibly that
I consented."
Of the friends who were with her at the
time, Mrs. Easton and her daughter, Mrs.
Crocker, she wrote:
"They have done everything for my comfort and happiness; they are most devoted
friends; my own relatives could not do more
for me than they are now doing. I shall
have the most experienced nurse to take care
of me and assist M. The doctors say that
the operation is not a dangerous one, and that
I should be all right in a few days, so I try to
be contented under the circumstances."
She took into her confidence, besides Mrs.
Allen, but three or four persons. It was
arranged that Mrs. Easton should write her
husband "all the particulars," when the
ordeal was over. Of her fortitude and unselfishness, Mrs. Henry Severance, now residing in Dover, N. H., and whose husband was
for many years United States Consul General
in the Hawaiian Islands, has also borne




216


testimony. In a letter dated July 2, 1907,
she wrote to Mr. Bishop:
"The recollection of our friendship is, and
will ever be, one of the most precious memories of my life. The charm of Mrs. Bishop's
character and beautiful personality comes
often and often to my mind, and I value
beyond expression the last token of her
loving remembrance, received after she no
longer needed such earthly adornments....
I am enclosing a copy of the last and now
only letter of hers in my possession, written
as you will see soon after her last return to
Honolulu. She found me quite ill on her
arrival in San Francisco. I remember her
coming to see me one evening, seemingly as
cheerful and bright as though in perfect
health. After returning to the hotel that
night she wrote me of her condition and the
arrangements for the surgical treatment next
morning, saying that 'she had planned for
me to be with her, but finding me so ill, had
not spoken of it.' I refer to this to show
her dear, unselfish thoughtfulness of others,
rather than of her own needs. I have never
ceased to regret my inability to be of help
at that time, but was with her as much as
possible, and afterwards was glad, indeed,
when she was considered strong enough for
the voyage home. But her hopes for perfect
recovery were not to be realized, and all too
soon came the saddening news of her death.




217


Truly 'her works do follow her,' and the
people of Hawaii, as well as other numberless
friends, will never cease to honor her memory."
The note mentioned by Mrs. Severance was
as follows, written after Mrs. Bishop's return
to the Islands:
"'HALEAKALA, HONOLULU,' June 15, 1884.
"MY DEAR MRS. SEVERANCE:
"You will be pleased, I think, to learn that
I am almost, if not quite well again, although
I cannot as yet walk very briskly, for I am
still a little weak in the lower extremities and
a little shaky in my hands. But I hope in a
week or two to be all right again, for we have
as yet been home only a week to-morrow.
I improved rapidly on the way down, helped,
no doubt, by the smooth, level passage, for
the sea was like a mirror and the weather
very pleasant. We arrived home early
Monday morning about six o'clock, so early
we caught our friends napping. They were
awfully disgusted. You cannot imagine how
happy I was to get home, and to breathe
once more my native air. But the last few
days it has been very hot and (tell it not in
Gath) I have sighed a little for some of your
cool bracing air. With much love to yourself, Mr. Severance, and the young ladies,
"Believe me ever your affectionate and
grateful friend,
"BERNICE BISHOP."




CHAPTER XXV


ILLNESS AND DEATH.
THE failure of Mrs. Bishop's health was
largely due to the anxiety and fatigue
occasioned by the illness of her cousin, the
Princess Ruth Keelikolani. The protracted
funeral observances, the weeks of watching
while the body lay in state, all taxed Mrs.
Bishop's strength and made her more susceptible to disease than she would otherwise
have been.
Prior to this, she had enjoyed remarkable
health, and when grown to womanhood once
remarked that she had never experienced
pain. When the ordeal came she endured
months of suffering heroically, at the same
time availing herself of every means known to
medical science by which she might recover.
As the disease progressed she was advised by
her physician, Dr. Trousseau, to go to California, not only for the benefits of the voyage
and the change of scene and air, but for a
consultation in San Francisco. Mr. Bishop
218




ROYAL MAUSOLEUM








2I9


strongly concurred in this, in the hope that
she might recover, but without suspecting
the nature of the disease threatening her
life. While her courage did not fail, she
greatly disliked to have her condition of
health discussed. She sailed for San Francisco April 14, 1884. Upon her arrival, while
far from well, she undertook various commissions for her friends with her customary
unselfishness. She visited her husband's
relatives in or near San Francisco, and also
went about, taking that interest in affairs
which she had always shown. In a letter
to her cousin she says:
"We have now been in Frisco nearly a
week, and, as usual, I have been out to see
the dressmaker, milliners, etc., etc., to say
nothing of shopping, although I have not
indulged much in that respect for myself.... The weather has been perfectly atrocious since we came. It has rained every
day-cold and damp, and we have been
obliged to have fire in our room a great deal..  I feel very much better for being here,
and, for a wonder, have not had a cold. Poor
Mr. S-1 will go down in the Alameda and
1 Robert Stirling, Minister of Finance through the
reigns of Kamehameha V. and Lunalilo, where he was
associated with Mr. Bishop who was Minister of Foreign
Affairs, appointed Jan. 10, 1873.




220


he tells me he dreads more than anything
going back to Honolulu just now, not only
because of the memories connected with his
poor wife, but he dreads receiving condolence
from his friends, so do not speak to him at
all about her, unless he refers to it himself....
"I have been up to the Crockers' to-day
and took lunch with them. What a nice,
comfortable, and elegant home they have....
The little girl is a darling, so bright and
cunning. She is still rather shy of me and
will not be kissed."
In another letter she says:
"We went yesterday afternoon-Easterto see the Knights Templar, who attended
their [annual] religious service at Dr. Stone's
church. They occupied the body of the
church and made an imposing appearance in
full uniform and regalia."
A friend from Honolulu, who was also
ailing, met her on the street at this time and
asked after her health. She replied:
"I am wretched; I need patching up.
Suppose we both go to the hospital."
The following day she consulted a physician
upon the urgent advice of a friend and he
advised an operation without delay, saying
that the disease was making such rapid




221


strides that there was no time to lose. She
acceded to this opinion and calmly made her
preparations for the ordeal, with a full recognition of the fact that the outcome in such
cases must always be more or less uncertain.
It was performed in the annex of the Palace
Hotel, where a comfortable room had been
made ready, two old friends being with her.
Her husband, in the meantime, was waiting
in Honolulu for the reports of the physicians.
She expressed a strong desire that she might
live, and go back to Honolulu, "to do more
for her people."
After a short convalescence she recovered
sufficiently to return to Honolulu, where she
arrived the first week in June (1884).
She spent a few weeks at "Haleakala," then
went to her Waikiki residence, and for a
short time the sea air seemed to benefit her.
During these last days she took renewed
pleasure in the society of her friends and
neighbors, and especially in that of her former teacher, Mrs. Cooke. Her pastor, Rev.
H. H. Parker, also called to see her, and as she
bade him good-bye, realizing that the parting
was final, she assured him that " all was well."
After a brief apparent progress toward recovery, there was a sudden relapse attended




222


by intense suffering, and as soon as possible
she was taken to Keoua Hale, the house on
Emma Street, where she died at twelve
minutes past noon, October 16, 1884.
In the records of her last days this reminiscence, published at the time of her
death, is especially interesting and touching:
"Her love for the young was great, and
it was a pretty sight indeed to see her surrounded by a group of children to whose
pleasure she was ministering. Only five
short weeks ago we can thus remember her
standing on the lawn of her residence at
Waikiki. What a pretty picture it was! The
blue Pacific stretching to the horizon, the
tall pillars of the cocoanut palms, the sunflecked lawn, and this gentle woman crowned
with a wreath of white tropic flowers, tuberoses and plumarias wrought by deft baby
fingers, unbending her habitual dignity of
manner to please the little ones that clamored
round her skirts. Death had then marked
her for his own, but, mercifully, none knew
how near at hand."
As a mark of mourning at the time of her
death, the lowering of the flags at half-mast
throughout the city and upon the vessels
in the harbor, the closing of the schools and
places of business, the adjournment of the




DRAWING-ROOM AT KEOUA HALE.








223


courts, were no perfunctory recognition of the
rank of a great alii. It was a spontaneous tribute paid the woman who had so endeared herself to the community, and to the entire nation.
The arrangements for the funeral were in
accordance with the customs of the Hawaiians at the death of a great chief, Mr.
Bishop waiving his personal preference in the
matter. After the death of the Princess
Ruth the kahilis used at the lying in state
were taken to pieces and the feathers carefully preserved. Immediately they were
brought out and scores of native women set
to work to restore them to their original state.
These towering, many-colored kahilis were
arranged about the long drawing-room, and
on either side of the broad walk to the main
entrance of the grounds. The body lay in
state in the rear of the drawing-room separated from that in front by folding doors
which stood open. The last services were
rendered by friends and retainers, and Mrs.
Rice, who was present, relates how tenderly
these duties were performed, the draping of
the long soft folds of the white silk robe,
and the arrangement of the flowers, all pure
white, very fragrant, and intermingled with
delicate ferns.




224


Four royal officials in full uniform, two on
either side of the bier, were in constant attendance, with six kahili bearers, three on
each side uniformed in black, waving the
insignia of chiefhood. There were of these
eighty-four, relieved at intervals of two
hours through the day and night. This
ceremonial has been thus described:
"Very striking was the solemn change as
the relief came in. Behind each kahili bearer
stood his relief, and, at a given signal, the
kahili was passed from hand to hand, the
fresh bearers lowered the kahilis for a moment while the tired guards formed in line and
bowed in reverence to the remains; then the
monotonous waving was resumed, and continued without ceasing until the next relief.
It was a moving sight to see in the dim light
of the fading day."
The wail of native mourners sounded unceasingly the funeral mele in which the
virtues of the dead alii were recited. These
ceremonies continued for fifteen days, during
which the natives gathered in the grounds
without, her own retainers seated upon
the floor of the hall, while the King and
his family, with intimate friends and relatives, were grouped in the deep window




225


embrasures, and all attired in mourning.
On Saturday evening preceding the burial
on Sunday, Oct. 3oth, a special service was
held by the Hawaiians at which Queen
Emma and a few of Mrs. Bishop's closest personal friends were present. Throughout the
fortnight during which the body lay in state,
two hundred and thirty retainers had been
provided for upon the premises according to
the Hawaiian custom upon such occasions.
They had been generously sheltered and
furnished food and whatever else was required for their comfort. At the special service these Hawaiians filled the apartment.
Additional kahilis were brought in and placed
about the bier; the lights were lowered, the
brilliant moonlight streaming in through the
partially closed blinds, while a band of Hawaiian singers chanted mle's in memory of
the dead.
From the day of Mrs. Bishop's death to
that fixed for the burial it rained almost
continuously but at the appointed hour for
the final service the clouds lifted, the sky
became clear, and the sun shone brightly.
The body had been placed in a casket of
koa and ko, beautiful native woods, in
coffins of which the remains of Hawaiian
is




226


high chiefs were generally consigned for
burial. It was of hand workmanship, the
wood highly polished. The lid bore a shield
of silver upon which was the following
inscription:
"The Honorable
Bernice Pauahi Bishop,
daughter of the
Chiefs A. Paki and L. Konia
and wife of the Honorable
Charles R. Bishop.
Born December 9, 183I.
Died October i6th, I884."
The bier upon which the coffin rested was
covered with black crepe and satin, over
which was spread a pall of black velvet
bordered with white, embroidered with the
Hawaiian coat of arms.
After the removal of the coffin from the
house it was placed upon a catafalque drawn
by four white horses.  From the main entrance of the house to the street, men clothed
in black, wearing feather cloaks, holding
their inclined kahilis, stood at attention.
With the members of Mrs. Bishop's immediate family, King Kalakaua was amongst
the mourners, with Queen Kapiolani, Queen




227


Emma, the Princess Lydia, now the exQueen Liliuokalani. The members of the
Cabinet, the Supreme Court, the diplomatic
and consular bodies, the prominent public
officials, the Protestant clergy, the civic
societies and military organizations, the
Sheriffs of the different islands, with the
konohikis of the lands belonging to Mrs.
Bishop were all represented in the long
procession. The cortege proceeded from
the residence on Emma Street to Beretania,
thence up Nuuanu to the Royal Mausoleum.
The route of the procession was thronged
with people of all nationalities, the entire
distance. At the Mausoleum the coffin was
placed temporarily between those of Keelikolani and Leleiohoku to await its removal
to the vault in which it now rests.




CHAPTER XXVI


CONCLUSION
HE funeral sermon was delivered the
Sunday following Mrs. Bishop's death
at Fort Street Church by the pastor, Rev.
J. A. Cruzan, who spoke feelingly and eloquently from the text, "For none of us
liveth to himself and no man dieth to himself " (Rom. xiv. 7). From the address these
extracts have been taken:
"The last and best of the Kamehamehas
lies in her last long sleep. For fifty-three
years she has gone in and out, before this
people and this city. In her position, high in
rank, with great wealth at command, of
necessity taking a prominent part in the
social life of this city and nation, it was
especially impossible for her to 'live for
herself.' Her life was known to all. How
good and true that life was you have no need
that a comparative stranger should haltingly
and imperfectly tell you. But, while our
hearts are all tender and our thoughts are
228




t


MEMORIAL CHAPEL.








229


full of the irreparable loss which this death
brought upon the nation, it seems most
fitting that we should fix in our minds some
of the lessons which her life and death may
teach us. First, we see in this life the priceless value of true womanliness. The great
loss which Hawaii sustained last Thursday
was not that the last of this great line of
high chiefs died, but that a true woman died.
'Who can find a virtuous (i.e., a strong, noble,
true) woman; her price is far above rubies.'
True in all times and among all races,pre-eminently true in these days, among our
native Hawaiians. And all the more valuable is such a rare jewel of womanhood
where there is joined to it rank and potential
influence and wealth.
"That Bernice Pauahi Bishop was such a
true woman her life bears witness. Refusing
a crown, she lived that which she wascrowned. Refusing to rule her people, she
did what was better, she served them, and
in no way so grandly as by her example.
And her death brings home the truth uttered
years ago by Dr. Howe: 'The world can do
without its masters better than it can do
without its servants.'
"Her example was especially marked and
helpful, just in the direction in which the
Hawaiian race, and especially Hawaiian
women, have greatest need for help. For
fifty-three years her royal life here has borne
unswerving witness in favor of her virtue




230


and purity. Her example in this direction
was not mute. It took voice on all proper
occasions and made itself known in all
womanly ways. She hated that which was
impure with an intense hatred. She had
only loathing and contempt for that which
was coarse and low. Place, power, wealth,
nor influence could win her favor or regard
if it joined with degraded character. And,
second, her life for more than thirty years
has taught her own race and all this people
the sacredness of marriage and the home.
As she lived and moved among her people... as a true wife she leaves a bright
heritage to her people. Her own home did
not bound her thoughts. She believed in
pure homes for her people.... And in
order that there might be homes worthy of
the name, she knew and felt that her Hawaiian sisters must be trained to become
good wives, mothers, and home-keepers.
With open generous hand, and with womanly
sympathy and tenderness, many a young
Hawaiian girl has been thus led and trained
by this noble woman. And in this respect
she was wise. The great need of this nation
is a wise, systematic training of young girls
to be home-makers."
One who knew her very intimately has
thus written of her peculiar relation to her
own people and to the foreign element with




231


which she was always in close sympathy: "I
think Mrs. Bishop was thoroughly appreciated
by foreigners as well as by natives, and I
have heard it said that she was a strong link
between the two people, treating each with
the same consideration.
In a letter to Mr. Bishop dated July Io,
1907, Mr. James B. Williams of Stamford,
Conn., whom Mrs. Bishop has mentioned in
her correspondence, pays this tribute to her
memory:
"In i875,-I think it was,-you and your
wife came to New York, en route for Europe.
It was the year Mr. Ralston, president of the
Bank of California, died. In consequence of
his death, you left your wife with us for a
few weeks at Stamford, while you returned
to California.
"This afforded a further opportunity to
know your wife better, and for the ripening
of our friendship.
"I wish I possessed the gift required to
give fitting utterance to a tribute to her. As
I look back on her rare, sweet, gentle personality, simple and guileless as a child,
modest and lovable as a woman, coupled
with a queenly dignity, carrying with her an
atmosphere of cheerfulness that was both
invigorating and contagious, I realize the
difficulties of the task.




232


" Her christian faith, her ready sympathy,
her active beneficence, her absorbing interest in the welfare of her race, her winning
and gracious manner, the perfection of high
breeding, made up a character beloved by
all who knew her, the memory of which I
love to dwell upon, and would not exchange
for worlds.
"I once read an epitaph which seems so
well fitted to your wife, that I cannot help
quoting it:
" ' Looking with faith to the better life hereafter, she so walked here in love and duty,
that they who sorrowed most for her departure, still more blessed God for her life and
good example.' 
As was customary with one of her rank
many name songs or mgles were composed
in honor of Pauahi at her birth. From a
number of these the following stanzas have
been selected with the exception of the chorus
which is a full stanza from a famous old song
in her honor, the one most usually chanted
to her when she appeared in public, so that
she was very frequently spoken of and addressed as Ka Wahine hele la o Kaiona,"The Sunbeam-Chasing Lady of Kaiona."
The mlk has been translated by Mrs. E. M.
Nakuina.




THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM.








233


I smell a cold, sweet perfume,
The rain Poaihela is cold to my skin.
I am wearing the lei mokihana, the decoration
of Kaiona,
Lihau is shivering with the cold as of the
Kaleiponi frost.
REFRAIN.
Answer to thy name, "Sunbeam-chasing Lady
of Kaiona,"
Chasing the mirage of the ohia flowery desert,
My companion of the cold double night-rain of
the Koolau
And of the ki and kukui shaded groves of
Kahoiwai.
I am enraptured with the spreading ohelopapa
Whose flowers are peeping and nodding from
the cold mist;
I am dreaming and thinking of them always,My unmeasurable wondering thoughts fly to
them.
I have seen the rainbows and the fall of Niakala,The white circling water mist floating constantly there,Have shivered with the cold of the water mistI am warm in the folding arms of Hiilei.
In the disposition of her estate, Mrs.




234


Bishop was left entirely free to exercise her
own judgment, except in so far as she desired
and sought advice. Her will was a reflection
of her character; her appreciation of all who
had the slightest claim upon her consideration, with many who had not, but in whom,
for reasons of her own, she had shown a
kindly interest. Her many namesakes were
remembered, with her more intimate friends;
especially those of her own race.
To the Princess Liliuokalani, afterwards
Queen, was given the Ahupuaas, or hereditary estates of Lumahai on Kauai, and of
Kealia on Hawaii, to be used during her life.
Queen Emma was bequeathed lands on
Nuuanu Street known as Laimi, on the same
terms. Kawaiahao Church received $5000,
and Kawaiahao Girls' Boarding School an
equal amount.
To the Hon. S. M. Damon she left the
beautiful and historic estate, Moanalua, "to
have and to hold forever." This had been
an ancient pleasure ground and residence of
the chiefs and has been brought to a high
state of cultivation by the present owner.
The entire estate being open to the public
on the most generous terms-a loyal recognition of the public spirit of the testator.




235


By the terms of the remaining bequests
many faithful servants and retainers were
provided for and placed beyond the chance
of destitution in old age. Other beneficiaries
were Iolani College, the English Sisters'
School (The Priory), and St. Andrew's
Church. After liberal bequests to her husband, the bulk of the estate was to be applied
to the endowment and maintenance of what
were to be known as the Kamehameha
Schools.
The original will was dated October 3 I, 1883,
and the codicils October 4, i884, one year
later-but a short time before her death
In making provision by which her race
was to be thus benefited, her hope and
ambition for their advancement is clearly
indicated. The more important clauses bearing upon this important question were as
follows:
" To expend the annual income in the maintenance of said schools, meaning thereby the
salaries of teachers, the repairing of the
buildings, and other incidental expenses, and
to devote a portion of each year's income
to the support and education of orphans,
and others of indigent circumstances, giving
the preference to Hawaiians of pure or part
aboriginal blood....




236


"I desire my trustees to provide first and
chiefly a good education in the English
branches, and also instruction in morals and
in such useful knowledge as may tend to
make good and industrious men and women,
and I desire instruction in the higher branches
to be subsidiary to the foregoing objects..
I also direct that my said trustees shall make,
annually, a full report of all receipts and
expenditures and of the condition of the
said schools to the Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court.... I also direct that the
teachers of said schools shall forever be
persons of the Protestant religion, but I
do not intend that the choice should be
restricted to persons of any particular sect.. I direct that a majority of my said
trustees shall act in all cases... And that
the number of my said trustees shall be kept
at five, and that vacancies shall be filled by
the choice of a majority of the justices of the
Supreme Court, the selection to be made
from Protestants.... Of the two schools
I direct that the school for boys shall be well
established, and in efficient operation, before
any money is expended or anything undertaken on account of the new school for girls.
It is my desire that my trustees should do
thorough work in regard to said schools so
far as they go; and I authorize them to defer
action in regard to the establishment of the
school for girls, if in their opinion, from the
condition of my estate, it may be expedient




237


to wait until the life estates created by my
will have expired.... I also direct that
my trustees shall have power to determine to
what extent said schools shall be industrial,
mechanical, or agricultural, and also to determine if tuition shall be charged in any case."
It should be explained that Mrs. Bishop's
action in regard to the prior establishment of
the school for boys was from no lack of interest in the education of Hawaiian girls, but
because there was already in operation at
that time Kawaiahao School and others, in
which the latter received excellent training.
Within a few years after the framing of Mrs.
Bishop's will, all the real property which she
had bequeathed to her husband was by him
conveyed to the trustees; and other property
of his own was added thereto by deed, to
aid in the establishment and support of the
Kamehameha Schools.




CHAPTER XXVII


THE KAMEHAMEHA SCHOOLS, AND BERNICE
PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM.
AS the preceding record will show, the
dominating idea of Mrs. Bishop's life
was the enlightenment and elevation of the
Hawaiian race, and, through this, the general
betterment of their material conditions and
their mode of living. With a practical knowledge of good books, she advocated knowledge of handicraft for boys, and as thorough
and scientific a training in domestic science,
for girls. By one, the maintenance of future
households was assured, and by the other
the creation and up-keep of well-ordered
homes wherein refinement and taste might
exist, with every regard for the physical
well-being of the family. She had seen the
principle carried out in a modest way,
through her own schooldays,-a source of
benefit for all who were willing to benefit
by it, and even where those benefits ceased,
for a time, to be apparent. In this great
238




239
undertaking Mrs. Bishop had the hearty cooperation of her husband. After her death
he not only saw that her wishes were carried
out to the letter, but he gave largely from
his own private fortune to broaden the scope
of the undertaking as it was originally
planned. The first meeting of the trustees
appointed to execute Mrs. Bishop's will, the
Hon. Charles R. Bishop, Hon. Samuel M.
Damon, Rev. Charles M. Hyde (since deceased), Hon. Charles M. Cooke, and Hon.
William 0. Smith, all of whom were her
warm and trusted friends, was held at Mr.
Bishop's residence, April 9, 1885. As she
had directed, the school for boys was established first. The school was organised
Oct. 20th, I887, and in i888 a preparatory
school was added to the foundation. Funds
were in readiness for the girls' school six
years later, and this was formally opened
December I9, i894. The land upon which
the fine buildings are grouped-the schools,
the Bishop Memorial Chapel, erected by Mr.
Bishop to the memory of his wife, with the
Bernice Pauahi Museum, also a memorial
from him-was the gift of the testatrix, a part
of her estate. No appeal of any sort was
made to the public to supplement the




240


splendid gift-neither in the way of endowments nor buildings. The entire foundation stands, an unshared benefaction, from
its donor, and her husband.
The grounds of both schools are now under
high cultivation, set in palms and other
tropical trees and shrubs, with smooth lawns
and walks, with kitchen gardens which are
cared for by the pupils, producing all the
fruits and vegetables required for use. The
grounds of the two schools adjoin each other,
but are separated by the public highway, the
electric car furnishing quick communication
with the business portion of the city two
miles away.
The elevation affords a beautiful view of
Honolulu, and the harbor with its crowded
shipping; while in the opposite direction
stretch the rich cane lands of Ewa, skirted
by the distant Waianae mountains along
their borders. There are also beautiful
views of Diamond Head, the familiar Hawaiian landmark, and the Punchbowl. The
campus of each school affords ample space
for playgrounds, walks, and tennis courts, in
addition to the gardens mentioned. Both
institutions have a separate corps of teachers,
class-rooms, laboratories, and libraries, but




241


the pupils meet for social recreation under
the surveillance of the teachers,-Saturday
evening being the regular informal reception
at the girls' school.
On Sunday the pupils of both schools, in all
departments, meet for the services that are
held in the beautiful chapel. It is an impressive sight to see the boys in their gray
uniforms standing at attention, while the
girls, in their gowns of spotless white, pass
into the chapel before them; the same ceremony reversed being observed upon dismissal.
The chapel is of stone, quarried from the
school tracts, the interior finished in polished
woods, there being an excellent organ, the
choir under the leadership of Mr. Stanley
Livingston, instructor in music, being composed of the best voices in both schools. They
are perfectly drilled, and the united voices
of all, supplementing this trained choir, are
rich and sweet to an unusual degree-the
richness and sweetness of the natural Hawaiian voice.
The instruction in the boys' school comprises a careful and judiciously chosen course
in history, literature, composition, mathematics, natural sciences, and economicsspecial attention being given to Hawaiian
x6




242


history, myths, and legends. In this department the course in both schools is practically
uniform. Drawing is also carefully taught
in both, with nature study, much attention
being given to field work. In the manual
training department of the boys' school,
sewing, tailoring, printing, wood-turning,
elementary and advanced carpentry are
taught, with forging, machine work, and
painting. Skilled men are in charge of all
these departments, and the workshops are
equipped with all that is required, and of the
best. The facilities for teaching practical
agriculture, and dairying, are on as liberal a
scale. Several hundred acres of the estate
belonging to the school are devoted to timber for instruction in forestry and pasturage,
the pupils working in the dairy and caring
for the animals-horses, pigs, and cows.
In the girls' school the entire work of the
house is done by the pupils, with competent
instructors in the kitchens to train them in
the preparation of the food, all of which is
done in the most admirable way. The
instruction in the care of the dining-room
and other rooms, laundrying, sewing, cutting, fitting, embroidery and lace-making for
the advanced classes, is equally as thorough.




k::-an


KAMEHAMEHA SCHOOL FOR GIRLS.




I




243


As with the boys' workshops, the laundry,
kitchen, and sewing-rooms are fitted out with
the most perfect appliances that can be
procured.
Both schools have a perfect water supply
for baths and domestic purposes, and are
lighted throughout with electricity, the care
of which devolves upon the mechanical department of the boys' school. The gymnasiums in both are spacious, well-lighted,
and complete.
A most successful attempt has been made
to give to the schools the true atmosphere
of the home; the rooms are exquisitely clean
and well furnished. Great care is given the
question of food, clothing, and personal
cleanliness. There are a limited number of
scholarships which may be competed for in
both schools, those in the girls' school being
provided for by the will of Mrs. Bishop with
a number of half-scholarships by the C. R.
Bishop trust deed. The pupils when ill
have the best care, a nurse and physician
being in attendance, when required. The
course in nature study in the girls' school
comprises the study of plant, insect, and
animal life, with the lighter forms of agriculture, the orchard and garden. It is a five




244


years' course, the last being devoted to laboratory work in chemistry.
The buildings of the schools are admirable
in design, of pleasing architecture, thoroughly
suited to their surroundings and requirements. The principal buildings upon the
campus of the boys' school are of gray,
undressed stone, as are the Memorial Chapel
and the Museum. Those of the girls' school
are of wood, with wide corridors and verandas,
the latter being utilized on social occasions.
Bishop Hall and the preparatory building
are also the individual gifts of Mr. Bishop.
The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum was
founded four years after Mrs. Bishop's death
by her husband primarily for the care and
preservation of Hawaiian relics, handicraft,
specimens of the flora and fauna of the
Hawaiian Islands "and other islands of the
Pacific." Under the directorship of Dr.
William T. Brigham and his efficient staff
of assistants, it is now widely known as one
of the most perfect ethnological museums
in the world, not in its scope, but in the
completeness, the excellent classification and
arrangement of its exhibits. It has twice
outgrown its capacity and new halls have been
added. One is for the exclusive accommoda



HON. CHARLES R. BISHOP, 1906.


U I
4-,,








245
tion of Hawaiian exhibits. In the entrance
hall is this memorial inscription:
To THE MEMORY OF
BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP,
FOUNDER OF THE KAMEHAMEHA SCHOOLS,
A BRIGHT LIGHT AMONG HER PEOPLE
HER MEMORY SURVIVES.
Returning to the schools, it is not necessary
to state that the teachers in both institutions
have been selected with the utmost wisdom
and are a body of men and women equal in
their training and acquirements to those in
the best educational institutions in the
United States; enthusiastic and devoted to
their pupils and to their calling.
The first President of the Kamehameha
School for Boys was Rev. William B. Oleson,
who was connected for some time with the
manual training school for boys in Hilo. To
him was assigned the initial work of organization, and during the ten years he remained
in charge he brought the school to the high
degree of efficiency which has since been
maintained. He was succeeded by Mr.
Theodore Richards. The President of the
Schools at this time is Mr. Perley Leonard
Home, who is a graduate of Harvard, from




246


which university he also received his degrees.
He was appointed in I904 and has made an
excellent record. Miss Alice Knapp, the
principal of the preparatory department of
the school for boys, is a graduate of the
Oswego State Normal and Training School
of New York. She was appointed in I894
and is thoroughly qualified for the position
which she fills.
The other assistants of the President in
the faculty are graduates of the best literary
and technical institutions in the United
States.
Miss Ida M. Pope, L.B., at the head of the
Kamehameha School for Girls, has held that
position since its beginning, in I894. She is
a graduate of Oberlin, and in addition to the
general supervision of the institution in its
various departments, is the instructor in
history. She is in all respects a remarkable
woman; of fine and cordial manners, with a
broadly cultivated mind and with deep,
never-failing sympathy that has peculiarly
fitted her to win and hold the love and confidence of the young Hawaiian girls committed to her care. When one sees her among
her pupils, the reflection instantly comes to
mind, that in her acquirements, her under



247


standing, in her high and inflexible standard
of integrity, she is such a woman as Mrs.
Bishop herself would have honored, and
would have chosen for the place that she
fills so nobly.
The holidays in both schools are well
enjoyed, and besides those commonly celebrated, there are frequent musical and literary entertainments arranged by the pupils
of both schools, with excursions to interesting
localities, all directed by their teachers.
The most important of the school anniversaries is the annual celebration of Founder's
Day, December g9th, which was first planned
and instituted by Mr. Richards, commemorating the birth of Mrs. Bishop. The exercises on these occasions are always solemn
and impressive.
In I895, the dedication of the Memorial
Chapel was the chief event of Founder's
Day. The Princess Kaiulani, Mrs. Haalelea,
and Mrs. Coney, representative Hawaiian
women of high rank, were seated upon the
platform with the faculty of the schools, the
trustees, and other invited guests.
The exercises are always followed by the
decoration of the grave, which is covered
with garlands of mail6, fragrant flowers, and




248


ferns, this pledge being recited in concert
by the pupils of both schools:
"We, the pupils of the Kamehameha
Schools, in the presence of the ashes of our
Alii, pledge ourselves for the coming year,
to strive to put from us such thoughts and
feelings as may tend to degrade our minds
and bodies; to give more time and strength
to gaining all she wished us to gain, and to
strive to honor her name wherever we may
be. And we do this that we may the better
prepare ourselves to have such homes and
such conditions as shall tend to keep and
develop for our race all those noble traits of
character she possessed."
At the dedication of the chapel in I895,
Rev. H. H. Parker, for many years Mrs.
Bishop's pastor, concluded his eloquent
tribute " to the last and best of the Kamehamehas" in these words, addressed to the
pupils, and which may serve as a fitting
conclusion to these memoirs:
"The duty is upon us all to preserve the
civilization planted here, and transmit it to
those who are to come after us. We all have
a trust to discharge. Skill without industry
is worthless. People without moral character have no standing. The youth who get




249
their part in life in these schools should ever
remember the debt of gratitude they owe
to the noble woman who founded them. On
this anniversary of her birth we do not honor
her so much as we glorify God who gave her
the heart and the purpose to do the work
for the living and those yet to come. Does
she not join to-day as an unseen worshipper?
There is need for men and women as workers.
There should be no delay. Let us see that
no son or daughter of Hawaii drifts back into
the darkness which we have quitted."








INDEX


Aldrich, W. A., 93
Alexander, Dr. W. D., 14,
26
Allen, Judge E. H., death,
201
Allen, Mrs. W. F., iii., 104,
I3I, I99
Amateur Musical Society
of Hawaii, iI6
Andrews, Judge, IoI
Andrews, Rev. C.B., 78,80
Annis, Mary (Mrs. Chas.
Turner), 86
Anson, Commander, R.N.,
I3I
Arlington Hotel, 102
Armstrong, Baxter, 157
Armstrong, Rev. Richard,
99, II6
Atherton, Mrs. J. M., 88
Auhea, 7, 55, 62
Austin, Mr. and Mrs., 189
Ballieu, M., 3 
Barnes, Miss, 213
Basagon, Mr., 71
Benko, Baron, 17I
Bennett, C. C., 6
Bernice, illness, 59
Bingham, Rev. Hiram, 27,
29
Bishop, Chas. R., 90, 95,
99
Bishop, E. F., 198
Bishop, F. E., 90
Bishop, G. Bradley, 198;
death of, 199


Bishop, Mrs., mother, 2;
marriage, Ioo; death,
222; funeral, 223; will,
234
Bombellas, Countess de,
I68
Brickwood, Mrs., 209
Brigham, Dr. W. T., r 6
Brown, Captain, 133
Burhans, Miss, 157
Burlingame, Anson, 126
Bush, Mrs., 190
Byron's Bay, 80
"Camp Boston," 102
Campenari, Marquise de,
I77
Cartwright, Mrs., I90
Clark, Rev. E. W., 65
Coan, Rev. Mr., 78
Coan, Miss Sarah, r59
Coney, Mrs., 247
Congregational Mission in
Hawaiian Islands, 37
Cooke, Amos, 95; letters
to Miss Montague, 77 -82
Cooke, Hon. Chas. M.,
89, 239
Cooke, Joe, 134
Cooke, Miss, 155
Cooke, Mr. and Mrs., 30;
arrival in Honolulu, 37
Cooke, Mrs., letters to
Chas. Montague, 59;
extract from diary, 71
Couthouy, Mr., 58


251




252


Crocker, Col. C. F., 214
Cruzon, Rev. J. A., 228
Damon, Father, 9I, 200
Damon, Hon. S. M., 234,
239
Davies, Theophilus, 144
Descent, 3
Diamond Head, 240
Dibble, Sheldon, 32
Dominis, Gov. J. 0., 207
Douglass, Mr., 77
Dowsett, Mrs., ii6o
Easton, Mrs., 2I5
Edinburgh, Duke of, irig,
I92
Ely, Marchioness of, I93
Emerson, Dr. W. B.-, 4
Emma, Queen, 210, 225
Erben, Captain, U. S. N.,
1131
Fielding, Col., the Hon.
William, 146, I93
Fornander, 3
Gherardi, Captain, U. S.
N., 131I
Gilman, Gorham D., 7, 8,
20, 46, 91
Gilman,   Mrs., extract
from diary, 84
Glade, Mr., 162
Goodale, Miss, 71
Green, Mrs. W. L., 131
Haalelea, Mrs., 247
Haines, Mrs., 1, 131
"Haleakala," 7, 102
Hall Willie, 159
Hall, W. W., 38
Hawaiian Historical Society, 4


Hecla, Mount, 7Q
Henry, Prince of Germany,
I22
Hewitt, Mr., I85
H ilo, 7 9
Hines, Miss (Mrs. E.
Kopke), letter to, 21I3
History of the Hawaiian
Islands, I 5
Hoffman, Mr., 210O
1Honolulu, 7
Honolulu, Chiefs of, 9
Honolulu: Sketches of Life
in the Hawasian Islands,
'5
Horne, Perley Leonard,
245
Hutchinson, Dr., 208
Hyde, Rev. Chas. M., 239
Jarves, James Jackson, ' 5,
29
John II., 2 8
J-ones, Mrs. P. C., 1 3 1
IJudd, C., 197
Judd, Dr., 54, 98, 101
Judd, Helen, 38
Judd, Mrs. Laura Fish, I 5,
I 8, 119, 40
Kaahumanu, 2, 1 6
Kaaniau, Elizabeth, 43
Kaeo, Peter Young, 311
Kahailiopua, 3
Kahanu, 210
Kahooheiheipahu, 6
Kaika, 44
Kailua, 206
Kaiulani, Princess, 247
Kalakaua, 2 10
Kalakaua, David, 31
Kalakaua, King,.190, 226
Kalanihelemaiiluna, 6
Kaliokalani, James, 31
Kamaipuupaa, 209




253


Kamakau, judge, 209
Kamamalu, Victoria, 17,
3'
Kamehameha I., 2, 3, 4, 5
Kamehameha, Lot, I 7, 30
Kamehameha V., 207;
death, 208; Will, 208;
names his successor, 208
Kaneikapolei, 3
Kaoleioku, '6 4
Kapiolani,Q ueen, 2, 190,
226
Kawaiahao, Church, 44
Kealakekua, 8i
Keelikolani, Princess
Ruth,.10 7, 205; death,
20 6
Kekaniau, Elizabeth, 3'I
Kekuaiwa, Moses, 17, 30
Kekuanaoa,I17
Kelii-mai-kai, 5
Kelly, Mr., 177
" Keoua Hale," 205
Kinau, 2, 14, r 6, -i, i 9;
death of, 15, 22
King, Clarence, 15
Kiwalo, 6
Knapp, Miss Alice, 246
Konia, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 97
Kou trees, 63
Ku-kaili-moku, 5
Ladd, John, ioi
Lahaina, 8, 6o
Lahainaluna, 65
Lahay, Mr., 169
Lanai, Island of, 62
Lane, Dr., 215
Lee, Win. L., 90, 95
Liholiho, Alexander, I17,
25, 30, 97
Liliha, i 6
Liliuokalani, Queen, 42,
43, 207
Livingston, Stanley, 241


Loeau, Jane, 311, Si
Lomi-lomi, xo6
Lot, Prince, letter to Mr.
Gilman, 66; 97
Lowther, Mrs., 193
Luahine, 3
Luchi, Signor, 177
Lunalilo, 210
Lunalilo, William C., 31
Lydia, Princess, 2:27
Lyman, Dr. Henry M.,
94
Lyman, Professor, i15
Maile', 89
Makaeha, Lydia, 3.1
Makalena, 210
Mann, Horace, ii6
Manoa Valley, '5
Mansfield, Lord, 147
Maui, 6, 7
McCarthy, Mr., i85
McIntosh, Rev. Mr., 200
McKibbin, Mrs., ii6o
McLean, Captain, 1123
Meade, Captain, 137
Missionaries, first,.24; influence of, 25'
Missionary Seminary at
Lahainaluna, 32
Molokai, 6
Montague, Chas., 59
Montague, Fanny Eliza,
diary Of, 51-58; extract
from letter to, 68
Montrose, Duke of, i85
Museum, Bernice Pauahi
Bishop, 244
Nahaolelua, G ov er n or,
209
Nakuina, Mrs. E. M., 232
Newell, Captain, 78
Nilsson, Mine., 141
Nuuanu, Valley, 68, 89




254


Oahu, 17
Oblinsky, Princess, 178
Oleson, Rev. Wm. B., 245
Olmstead, Mr., 58
Owen, Mrs., 148
Paaina, Mary, 31
Paki, Abner, 4, 6, 9, 97
Parke, Mrs. W. C., 131
Parker, Col. Samuel, I07
Parker, Mr., Io6
Parker, Rev. H. H., 248
Paty, John, 133
Pauahi,  derivation  of
name, 19; 55; Bernice,
birth, 19; early childhood, 21; school-days,
31; education, 43-50
Paulet, Lord, 70
Pele (volcano), 78
Petz,  Contre   Admiral
Baron von, I8, 171
Pfluger, Mr., 149
Phillips, Stephen H., 207
Pitman, Mr., 78
Pitt, Kinau, 31
Poi, 57
Polynesian Races, 3
Pope, Miss Ida M., 246
Pope Pius IX., presentation to, I80
Pratt, Mr., 210
Pratt, Mrs., ioo
Prendergast, Col., 209, 2 I
Presentation at court, I92
Puna, I08
Punahou, 86
Punchbowl, the, 240
Ralston, Mr., 231
Restoration Day, 70
Rice, Mrs., 11, 40, o2, 223
Richards, Mr., 45
Richards, Theodore, 245
Richardson, Mrs., 152


Rooke, Dr., 71
Rooke, Dr. and Mrs., 78
Rooke, Emma, 31, 0 I
Salisbury, Marchioness of,
192
Sarai, 28
Schonberger, Mr., 167
School, expenses, pupils,
3~
School for Young Chiefs,
Family, 22, 32
School life, 28
Schools, boarding, 27
Schools, establishment of,
in Hawaii, 24
Schools, text-books, 34
Severance, Mrs. Henry,
215
Shipley, Mrs., 184
Skerrett, Captain, U. S.
N., 13I
Smith, Hon. William O.,
239
Southy, Mr., 71
Sterling, Mrs., 148
Stirling, Robert, 219
Stockbridge, Mrs., I26
Suchtelan, Countess, 177
Sunbeam-Chasing Lady of
Kaiona, the, 232
Tabus, abolition of, 15
Tahiti, Queen, Marian
Pomare, 214
Temple, Captain, 137
Thaddeus, the, 24
Thomas, Admiral, 70
Tietjens, Mlle., 141
Trousseau, Dr., 200
Turner, Mrs. Mary, 39
Valkenberg, Mr. Van, 126
Victoria, Queen, presentation to, 183




255


Waiakea, 8o
Wailuku, 64
Weaver, Mrs., ii6
Whitney, Mrs., 86
Wiflinger, Captain Chevalier, ii 8
Wilder, Mrs. S. G., 39
Wilkes Expedition, 56
Wilkes, Lieut. Chas., U. S.
N., 28, 5 7
Williams, C. A., 175


Williams, J. B., 152, 2311
Williams, Mr., i65
Williams, Mrs. J. B., i89
Wodehouse, Mr., 1311, 1911
Wodehouse, Mrs., 139
Youmans, Mr. and Mrs.,
'37
Youmans, Mrs., 1 5 3
iYoung, John, 25,I101








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THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN


3


DATE DUE.z,
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
3      9015 01917 786111
3 9015 01917 7867


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